A Glossary of the Lancashire Dialect

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THE DIALECT OF LANCASHIRE

VL'bz JFolfe.§bpeecft of Hancasftire.

Of the Lancashire dialect there is not even a decent vocabulary, though
it is highly important to the philologist, on account of its grammatical
structure and its many genuine Saxon terms. The mixture of population
consequent upon the spread of the cotton manufacture has greatly deterio-
rated the purity of the Lancashire speech ; but the Laird of Monkbarns
might still find the genuine Saxon guttural in the mouths of the old people.
R. Garnett, m Quarterly Review^ Vol. LV. (1836) p. 357.

Our words, scattered through districts and used by a population [which
is] yet held marvellously together amongst immigrants twenty-fold their
number, require collection. Collier's diligent accumulation a century ago
is invaluable, but the very glossary which accompanies his book shows that
his verbal knowledge was defective. Grimm (Deutsche Gramntatik, vol i.
p. 222) says it yet remains [in order] to explain Anglo-Saxon to enquire
closely into the play (spielarten) of dialects which must be gathered with a
reference to place and time, and this can only be done in England. We are
satisfied there is no speech so original and important to the end thus pro-
posed as our own neglected South Lancashire patois.

T. Hevwood, F.S.A., in Chetham Socieifs Miscellaniet^
Vol. III. (1862) p. 36.

One might write a dissertation to prove the vigour, the terseness, and the
venerable antiquity of this [the Lancashire] variety of speech, which ought
to be studied as an independent idiom ; and not confounded with corrupt
and vulgar English, like the English of the uneducated Londoner. But
such a dissertation would be written, however eloquently, in vain. The old
provincial languages are passing away from the face of the island, and the
time is at hand when the pure dialect of Lancashire will have given place to
the English of the schoolmaster and the penny-a-liner. This may be in
many ways a great gain. It will bring an important population into closer
and easier relation with the other inhabitants of the island. But it will not
be an unmixed gain ; and a thousand pregnant turns of expression, a thou-
sand keen-edged phrases that have been sharpened by the wit of many
generati<9ns, will be lost for ever to our soft-tongued posterity.

Wenderholme : a Story of Lancashire and Yorkshire Lift.
By Philip G. Hamerton.

^ubltcatfons of ibt iWancf^esfet Utterarg (iTIub.

A GLOSSARY

OF T«B

Lancashire Dialect.

BY

JOHN H. NODAL and GEORGE MILNER.

iWancfiegter :

(Published for the Literary CLUb bv)
ALEXANDER IRELAND & CO., PALL MALL.

LONDON : TRUBNER & CO., LUDGATE HILL.

1875. y

V
Is

*

I

A. IRELAND AND CO., PRINTERS, PALL MALL, MANCHESTER.

TEMPORARY PREFACE.

[Issufd with tke First Part.]

IN these prefatory remarks it is not intended to do more than
indicate, as briefly as possible, the general scope of the
Glossary, and to offer such observations as seem absolutely neces-
sary for the due comprehension of the plan pursued. The portion
now published will amount, it is estimated, to rather more than a
third of the Glossary proper. On its completion, the words them-
selves will be reprinted — apart from the meanings, notes, and
illustrations — accompanied by a representation of the pronuncia-
tion according to the Glossic system of Mr. A. J. Ellis. This will
be followed by a General Introduction, embodying remarks on the
grammatical structure and peculiarities of the dialect, and on the
A^ariations of idiom and pronunciation as observable in the several
districts of the county. It is proposed also to include, in this
section of the work, an essay on the capabilities of the dialect and a
bibliographical survey of its literature.

A fairly well-defined difference exists between the dialect of the
northern and southern portions of Lancashire. Mr. A. J. Ellis, in
the classification of the existing English dialects which he proposes
to adopt in Part V. of his Early English Pronunciation^ and the
Outlines of which he laid before the Philological Society on the
5 th of March, 1874, places Lonsdafe, North and South of the Sands,
in the Northern English Dialect group, along vj\X.\v V^^.'sX^axor^-axA,
Cumberland, a.nd portions of Durham and \oi\L^\t^\ -^V^^x. '^^

VI TEMPORARY PREFACE.

rest of Lancashire is placed in the North- Western English Dialect
group, along with Derbyshire, Cheshire, and Shropshire. In view of
the division thus indicated, it is urged by some authorities that the
dialect of each section should be glossed separately, and it is certain
that whatever has been done in the past has been done upon this
principle. The present is the first attempt to deal with the dialect
of the county in one united collection ; and the further we have
progressed in the work the less reason have we seen for treating
Lancashire on a plan at variance with that adopted in regard to
other counties. -We have found it impossible, for example, to deter-
mine the precise line of demarcation. Some observers fix it as far
north as the Lune; others at the Ribble; and others still further
south, at a point between Chorley and Bolton. Again, a very large
number of words and idioms, and many peculiarities of grammar
and pronunciation are common to both sections of the county. Our
valued contributor and fellow-labourer, the late Mr. T. T. Wilkinson?
F.R.A.S., of Burnley, a close observer of the dialect in his neigh-
bourhood for more than forty years, marked almost every one of the
Furness words contained in our preliminary draft lists as being also
current in East Lancashire. There are differences of pronunciation,
of course, but in the main it is obvious that the earlier language
was substantially the same in both localities. Similarly, whilst many
of the words current in the Fylde, the tract of country between the
Wyre and the Ribble, are not now to be found elsewhere in Lanca-
shire, the majority of its provincialisms have a close affinity with
those in use both in the north and south of the county. In point
of fact the differences between the dialect of Lonsdale and that of
South and East Lancashire are not greater, in several important
particulars, than those observable in different localities within the
South-east Lancashire area, where the dialect of Bolton is distin-
guishable from that of Rochdale, and the patois of Oldham from that
of Ashton-under-I^yne and Stalybridge. Here, as elsewhere, rivers
have a dividing effect on the dialect Mr. James Pearson reports
that in the Fylde (not an extensive district) there are three or four
different pronunciations, and almost, one might say, as many dialects.

• •

TEMPORARY PREFACE. Vll

Where a river is fordable or crossed by a bridge, the dialect is the
same on both sides of the river ; but where the river is unfordable
and there are no ready means of communication, the dialect on the
two sides is different. Speaking broadly, then, it may be said that
whilst minute diflferences prevail all over the county, the dialect
changes by almost imperceptible degrees as it advances northward.
The links which bind the northern and southern varieties are trace-
able without much difficulty when the words are gathered together
in one glossary and placed, as it were, side by side. Finally, since
the county plan has been adopted as a rule throughout Engkind,
there seems to be na sufficiervt reason why Lancashire should be the
only exception.

The Manchester Literary Club, with which the project originated,
fortunately possesses some peculiar facilities for its adequate exe-
cution. It not only numbers amongst its members the chief writers
in the dialect, but also residents in, or representatives from, all parts
of the county. The manner in which the shire has been mapped
out among the contributors is somewhat as follows : — ^

Furness, or Lonsdale North . . Mr. J. P. Morris.

Lonsdale South Mr. H. T. Crofton.

The Fylde The late James Pearson.

Mid -Lancashire (Preston and neigh-
bourhood) Mr. Charles Hard wick, Mr.

J. H. Haworth, and Mr.

E. Kirk.
East Lancashire (Burnley and

Cliviger) The late T. T. Wilkinson,

and Mr. James Standing.
Bury and Walmersley .... The late Joseph Chattwood

and the Rev. Addison
Crofton.

Rochdale . Mr. Edwin Waugh.

, Saddleworth Mr. Morgan Brierley.

Moston . Mr. George Milner and

Mr. Joseph Ramsbottom.

Failsworth and Hollinwood . . Mr. Beniamvtv BxYtiXe^ "axA

VUl TEMPORARY PREFACE.

The first name in 'this list suggests the observation that the Editors
had at the outset an invaluable body of information concerning the
dialect of Fumess in Mr. J. P. Morris's Glossary of its Words and
Phrases — a collection which leaves almost nothing to be desired,
and is a model of what a local glossary should be. Notwithstanding
our invasion of a domain which he had made his own, Mr. Morris
has worked most cordially with us, and has rendered valuable assis-
tance in many ways. The late Mr. James Pearson, at a very early
stage of the work, contributed a large MS., collection of words in
in use in the Fylde, the result of years of assiduous observation and
research. Other manuscript lists were placed at our service, as
follows : —

1. Words in use in Ormskirk. Compiled by W. Hawkshead

Talbot.

2. Words in use in Clifton arid Irlam. Compiled by W. Chorlton.

3. Words in use in Ashton-under-Lyne. Con^piled by Dr. Clay.

4. Words in use in Rossendale. Compiled liy John Ashworth.

5. Collections made at Walmersley, near Bury, and other places.

By the Rev. Addison Crofton, of Reddish,

6. Collections made at Lancaster, Preston, Morecambe, Chip-

ping, Burton, and other places in South Lonsdale and
Mid-Lancashie. By H. T. Crofton.

V

7. A Collection of Lancashire Words. By the Rev. John Davies,

author of the Races of Lancashire,^ ''

8. A List of South Lancashire Words. By John Jackson, of

Warrington.

9. A List of Words used in and around Cartmel, in Furness.

By W. Hunter, of Height, Cartmel.

jf

Other contributions have been received from Mrs. G. Linnaeus
Banks, Mr. W. E. A* Axon, and the Rev. Elkanah Armitage, of
Waterhead, Oldham. For the MS. lists, i to 4, we are indebted to
the courtesy of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society ;
and for the collections of Mr. Jackson and Mr. Hunter (8 and 9)
to the Rev. John Davies. The available printed materials will be
found enumerated in the list of Authorities.

TEMPORARY PREFACE. IX

One of the chief difficulties of a glossarist is the orthography.
In our case, the words have been given, whenever practicable, in
the spelling adopted by the most trustworthy of the county writers,
among whom Mr. Edwin Waugh stands pre-eminent, oh account not
only of his genius and knowledge, but of his minute observation and
scholarly study of the dialect. Where this aid is lacking, a form of
spelling has been employed which represents the nearest approach
to the pronunciation, so far as that can be conveyed in ordinary
English. It is intended hereafter, as already stated, to reprint the
whole of the words accompanied by Glossic symbols. This portion
of the work has been kindly undertaken by Mr. Thomas Hallam,
who will also, it is expected, contribute an essay upon the general
subject of Lancashire dialectal pronunciation.

In the Etymological notes, it has been the anxious desire of
the Editors to restrict the information within safe and sound limits,
and, above all, to avoid guesses. They have been aided in the
prosecution of this endeavour by the Rev. Walter W. Skeat, who
has kindly found time from his numerous and pressing labours to
revise the proofs, and to enrich the notes with many valuable and
interesting suggestions.

The illustrations are arranged in chronological order. The pas-
sages from Anglo-Saxon [i.e.y First English] , Middle English, and
modem authors are followed by examples in the Lancashire dialect
from the works of county writers ; and when not obtainable from
books an example is given, wherever practicable, of the current
coUoquialusage of the word. The South-East Lancashire examples
of colloquial use have been contributed by Mr. George Milner ;
East Lancashire by Mr. T. T. Wilkinson ; the Fylde by Mr. James
Pearson ; and the Furness examples by Mr. J. P. Morris.

In the General Introduction it will probably be found desirable
to explain at some length the plan of procedure in the matter of
inclusion and exclusion — to show why words which have a place in
some of the extant fragmentary glossaries of the Lancashire dialect,
as, for example, Mr. Peacock's Lonsdale collection, are omitted \w
the present work, and why others are included. 1\. xoxxsX ^>\^c^

X TEMPORARY PREFACE.

at present to say that in our compilation, as a rule, the inclusive
system has been adopted. All dialectal words known to have cur-
rency in the county, and all archaisms the use of which at any period
can be verified, have been comprehended in the Glossary, without
reference to the fact that some of them may be in use in other parts
of England. On the other hand, it has not been thought neces-
sary to encumber the work with archaic declensions, or with the
merely provincial spellings of words common in standard English,
as both these classes will be dealt with collectively and exhaustively
hereafter. Where this rule has been departed from, it has been
because the words in question were so peculiar in form that if n^et
whh by the ordinary reader in a dialectal book they would not be
understood. Other words, again, have been recorded, such as afeard^
beck^ busk, bussy clip, don, and the like, which occur occasionally in
the poetry of the day, or, more often, in our older standard litera-
ture, but which have dropped out of the ordinary speech, and, when
given in dictionaries of the language, are marked as "obsolescent''
or " obsolete." As these are still employed in the every-day talk of
the Lancashire people, it hes seemed to us that they had a just claim
to a place in a Glossary of the dialect.

It remains for the Editors to tender their warm acknowledgments
to all who have kindly assisted them in the preparation of the Glos-
sary. In addition to those already mentioned, they are indebted for
valuable suggestions and assistance to Dr. Richard Morris, president
of the Philological Society ; Mr. F. J. Furnivall, M.A. ; and Mr. J.
A. Picton, F.S.A., of Liverpool. Their chief thanks are due to the
Rev. Walter W. Skeat, M.A., the indefatigable director of the Eng-
lish Dialect Society, whose ripe experience and accurate scholarship
have been placed unreservedly at the service of the Editors. The
labours of the glossarist, under the most favourable circumstances,
are arduous and trying. In the present instance they have been ma-
terially lightened by Mr. Skeat's generous and never-failing aid*

Manchester, December, 1875.

■ " " " ■■

^t

" " ■' " " ■■ "

U U U JA— JI^ II ■ ■■ JLlL__i£^ja ■■ ■■

Authorities :

BEING A LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL BOOKS AND EDITIONS

QUOTED AND CONSULTED.

I.
ANGLO-SAXON AND MIDDLE-ENGLISH.

A.D.

680. CiEDMON. Metrical Paraphrase, Anglo-Saxon and English, by B. Thorpe,
F.S.A. 1832.

880 King Alfred. Anglo-^axon Version of the History of the World, by
Orosius. Edited by the Rev. Dr. Bosworth. 1859.

995. Ileptateuchus, Liber Job, et Evangelium Nicodemi, Anglo-Saxonic5.
Ed. by Thwaites. Oxon, 1698. [Quoted as the A.S. version of the
Bible : Old Testament]

995. Anglo-Saxon Gospels. Edited by the Rev. J. Bosworth. 1865.

1210. A ncren Riwle [? Dorsetshire]. Ed. by J. Morton. London, 1853.

1303. Robert Mannyng. Handlyng Synne. Ed. by F. J. Furnivall. Rox-
burghe Club, 1862.

1320. Early English Metrical Romances [written m Lancashire]. Ed. by John
Robson. Camden Society, 1842.

1320. Cursor Mundi [Northumbrian Dialect]. Ed. by Dr. Richard Morris. Early
English Text Society, 1874-5.

1330. English Metrical Homilies. Ed. by John Small, M. A. Edinburgh, 1862.

1340. Hampole. The Pricke of Conscience, by Richard Rolle de Hampole.
[Northumbrian dialect.] Ed. by Dr. Richard Morris. Philological
Society, 1863.

1340. Hampole. English Prose Treatises, Ed by Rev. G. G. Perry. E.E.TS.,
1866.

1350. The Romance of William of Palerne. Ed by the Rev. W. W. Skeat.
E.E.T.S., 1867.

1350. The Alliterative Romance of Joseph of Arimathie, or the Holy Grail.
Ed. by Skeat. E.E T.S., 1871.

1360. The Gest Hystoriale of the Destruction of Troy. Ed. by Panton and
Donaldson. E.E.T.S., 1869 and 1874. ^

1360. Early English Alliterative Poems in the West Mid\axvd T^iaXacX \V.'a.\vs:'aw-
shirej. Ed. by Dr. Richard Morris. E.E.T.S., l^^V-

XU LIST OF AUTHORITIES.

1360 Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight. West Midland Dialect [Lancashire].
Ed. by Dr. Richard Morris. E.E.T.S., 1864.

1360. Morte Arthure. Ed from the Thornton MS., by the Rev. G. G. Perry.
^.E.T.S., 1865. Re-edited by E. Brock. E.E.T.S., 1871.

1 362. Langland. Alliterative Vision of William concerning Piers the Plow-
man. Text A, from the Vernon MS. Ed. by the Rev. W. W. Skeat.
E.E.T.S., 1867.

1377' Langland, William's Vision concerning Piers the Plowman. Text B.
Ed. Skeat. E.E.T.S,, 1869.

1375. John Barbour. The Bruce. Ed. by Jamieson.

1380. John Wyclif. Version of the Gospels. Ed. by Rev. J. Bosworth. 1865.

1380. Geoffrey Chaucer. Aldine Edition. Ed. by Dr. Richard Morris.
Six volumes. Second Edition. 1870. One or two quotations have
been made from Tyrwhitt's Edition.

1440. John Lydgate. Stone of Thebes. Quotations made from Skeat's Speci-
mens of English Literature. 1 87 1.

144.0. Promptorium Parvulonim. Ed. by Albert Way, M. A. Camden Society,
1865.

1440. Thornton Romances. Camden Society, 1844.

1482. Revelation to the Monk of Evesham. Arber's Reprint.

1 5 13. Gawin Douglas. Translation of Virgil's Eneid. Quoted from Skeat's
Sp. Eng. Literature. 1871.

1528. William Tyn DALE. Versionof Gospels. Ed. by Rev J. Bosworth. 1865.

1570. Roger Ascham. The Scholemaster. Arber's Reprint.

1579. Stephen GossoN. The Schoole of Abuse. Arber's Reprint.

i<)90. Edmund Spenser. Globe Edition of Poems. Ed. by Dr. Richard
Morris. 1869.

1600. William Shakspere. The quotations are made from the First Folio
Edition of 1623 (Booth's Reprint), and the acts, scenes, and lines are
numbered according to the Globe Edition, edited by W. G. Clark and
W. Aldis Wright, 1866. The dates affixed to the plays are those of
the first mention, first printing, or first known production on the stage.

1610. The Bible : Authorised Version.

IL
WRITERS IN THE DIALECT.

Almond, John (Blackburn) :

A Day at Blackpool. 1872.

Bamford, Samuel [^. 1788, d, 1872] :

Passages in the Life of a Radical. Two volumes. 1840.
Walks in South Lancashire and its Borders. 1844.
Edition of Tim Bobbin. 1850.
Poems. 1864.

Barbour, Dr. Henry :

Fomess Folk : or Sketches of Life and Character in Lonsdale, North of the
Sands. 1870.

Bigg, J. Stanyan (Ulverston) \b, 1828, d, 1865] :

Shifting Scenes. 1862.

LIST OF AUTHORITIES. Xlli

Brierley, Benjamin :

Marlocks of Merriton. 1867.
The Fratchingtons. 1 868.
Red Windows Hall. 1869.

Br^s, John [d. 1787, d. 1824] :

J^mains. Kirkby Lonsdale, 1825.

Byrom, John [d, 1691, d, 1763] :

Miscellaneous Poems. Two volumes. First edition, 1773

Collier, John [d. 1708, d, 1786] :

The Works of Tim Bobbin, in Prose and Verse. Rochdale edition, 181 9

Gibson, Alexander C. :

' High Fumess Dialect Sketches, in his book on the Folk-Speech of Cumber-
land. 1868.

Lahee, Miss M. R. :

The Carter*s Struggles. Manchester, ab 1865.

Betty o'Yep*s Laughable Tale. Manchester, ab. 1865.

Xonsdale Magazine :

Vols. I. and II. Kirkby Lonsdale, 1820-1.
Vol. III. Kendal, 1822.

Morris, J. P. :

Sketches in the Fumess Dialect. Carlisle, 1867.

iRAMSBOTTOM, JOSEPH :

Phases of Distress : Lancashire Rhymes. Manchester 1864.

Hidings, Elijah :

The Lancashire Muse. Manchester, 1853.

Scholes, John :

Tim Gam wattle's Jaunt fro' Smobridge to Manchester o* seein't Queen.
Manchester, 1857.

Standing, James :

Echoes from a Lancashire Vale. Manchester, 1870.

Wilsons, The :

Songs of the Wilsons. Ed. by John Harland, F.S. A. Manchester, no date.

Waugh, Edwin :

Sketches of Lancashire Life and Localities. Manchester, 1855.

Poems and Lancashire Songs. 1859.

The Barrel Organ. 1865.

Besom Ben. 1865.

Ben an' th' Bantam. 1 866.

Tattlin' Matty. 1867.

The Dead Man's Dinner. 1867.

Th' Owd Blanket. 1867.

Dulesgate. 1867*

Home Life of the Lancashire Factory Folk during the Cotton Famine. 1867.

Sneckbant, or Th' Owd Toll-bar. 1868.

Yeth-bobs an' Scaplins. 1869.

Jannock [Fumess dialect]. 1874

Old Cronies. 1875.

Bancho's Wallet [in the SpAinx]. 1870.

The Chimney Comer [in the Manchester Critic]. 1874.

XIV LIST OF AUTHORITIES.

III.

WORKS RELATING TO THE DIALECT OR TO

LANCASHIRE.

The Lancashire Dialect. Illustrated in Two Lectures. By the Rev. William
Gaskell, M.A. 1854.

Essay on the South Lancashire Dialect By Thomas Heywood, F.S.A. Chetham
Society's Publications, vol. 57. Manchester, 1862.

Notes on the South Lancashire Dialect. By J. A. Picton, F.S.A. Liverpool :
Privately printed.

Glossary of the Dialect of the Hundred of Lonsdale. By R. B. Peacock. Ed.
by Rev. J. C. Atkinson. Philological Society's Transactions, 1867.

A Glossary of the Words and Phrases of Furness. By J. P. Morris. 1869.

History of the Chapelry of Goosnargh. By Henry Fishwick, F.S.A. 1871.

Lancashire Legends and Traditions. By John Harland, F.8.A., and T. T.
Wilkinson, F.R.A.S. 1873.

Ballads and Songs of Lancashire. Collected and edited by John Harland.
Second Edition. Revised and enlarged by T. T. Wilkinson. 1^875.

IV.
DICTIONARIES, GLOSSARIES, AND MISCELLANEOUS.

Altenglische Sprachproben. By Edward Matzper. Erster Band. Berlin, 1869.

Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary. By the Rev. Joseph Bosworth, D.D. 1868.

Bible Word-Book, The. By J. Eastwood, M.A., and W. Aldis Wright, M.A.
1866.

Dictionary of the Old English Language, compiled from writings of the I2th,
13th, 14th, and 15th Centuries, by Francis Henry Stratmann. Krefeld, 1873.

Dictionary of Obsolete and Provincial English. Compiled by Thomas Wright,
M.A. Two volumes. 1869.

Dictionary of the French and English Tongues. By Randle Cotgrave. 161 1.

Dictionary of the English Language. By Samuel Johnflon. Fifth Edition, folio.
1784.

Dictionary of the English Language. By Charles Richardson, LL.D. Two
volumes. 1844.

Dictionary of English Etymology. By Hensleigh Wedgwood. Second Edition.
1871.

English Dialect Society's Publications. 1873-4.

Glossary of the Dialect of Cumberland. By Robert Ferguson. 1873.

Glossary of North Country Words. By John Trotter Brockett, F.S.A. Third
Edition. Two volumes. Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1846.

Glossary of North aniptonshire Words and Phrases. By Anne Elizabeth Baker.
Two volumes. 1854.

Glossarial Index to the Piinted English Literature of the Thirteenth Century.
By Herbert Coleridge. 1859.

LIST OF AUTHORITIES. XV

Glossary illustrating the Works of English Authors, particularly Shakspere and
his contemporaries. By Robert Nares, M.A., F.R.S. New Edition, by
J. O. Halliwell and T. Wright. Two volumes. 1872.

Historical Outlines of English Accidence. By Dr. Richard Morris. Second
Edition. 1872.

Icelandic-English Dictionary. By Richard Cleasby and Gudbrand Vigfusson,
M.A. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1874.

Philology of the English Tongue. By J. Earle, M.A.

Shaksperian Grammar. By E. A. Abbott, DD. 1873.

Songs and Ballads of Cumberland and the Lake Country. By Sidney Gilpin.
'I'hree volumes. 1874.

Sources of Standard English. By T. L. Knighton Oliphant. 1873.

Specimens of Early English, from a.d. 1298 to A D. 1393. By Dr. R. Morris
and the Rev. W. W. Skeat, MA. 1872

Specimens of English Literature from A D 1394 to A D. 1579. By the Rev. W.
W. bkeat. 1 871.

ABBREVIATIONS.

A.S.

Anglo-Saxon — used for First English

Cf.

Confer^ compare.

Dan.

Danish.

Du.

Dutch.

Fr.

French.

Ger.

German.

Icel.

Icelandic.

Lat.

Latin.

Mces.-Goth.

MoRso-Gothic.

Mid. E.

Middle English.

0. Fr.

Old French.

Sc.

Scottish.

Suio-Goth.

Suio-Gothic.

Sw.

Swedish.

W.

Welsh.

■ ■■ ■!

I ■■ ■

■ ■ ■■ H—l^

5a

* ■■ «■ »■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ 1

Gloffary of the Lancafhire DIaledi

A

A, V. have. In Mid. E. « is often used for Aave in the imperative
mood, as "^ mercy, madam, on this man here." — Wtlliam oj
Paler ne^ 1. 978.

Though I*d a geen my silver watch
Just for ya single word. — Shifting Scenes, p 172.

God a mercy I Yon chylt's afire.

J. Stanyak Bigg.
1863.

Colloquial Usk.
1875-

A, prep, on, in. A.S. on is equivalent both to on and m in Mod.
Eng. Icel. ^, upon or in.

Thei wenten afoote fro alle citees. — Mark vi. 33.

Also, of ))e forseyde Saxon tonge ]>at is deled a
thre [= divided in three]. — Vol. iL, c. 59, 1. 199.

The flattering index of a direfull pageant ;
One heav*d a high, to be hurled downe below.

Richard III., iv. 4, 85.

[Also : a Monday, Hamlet, ii. 2, 406 ; a my word,
Taming of Shrew, i. 2, 108 ; stand a tiptoe, Henry V ,
iv. 3, 42 ; a plague a both your houses, Romeo, iii. i,
94 ; and many others ]

WiCLIF.

1380.

John op Trbvisa.
1387-

Shaksperb.
X597-

Ramsbottom.
X874.

Coll. Use.
1875-

^-thattens [= in that way] eawr Harry's for dooin'

aw see ;
He's sowt him a sweetheart an cares nowt for me

Unpublished MS.
** Did he goo to th' buryin' ?"
** He did : he went a-horseback."

AA (N. Lane.) v, to owe, as " I aa him nowt." Aa pronounced like
ah^ long. Icel. d, pres. oieiga, to own. AS. dhy pres. oidgan,
to own, to owe. Scot. awe.

I've little to spend, and naething to lend.
But deevil a shilling I awe, man.

Burns: TarboUon Lasses.
B

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

AAM, V, to mock. A person repeating another's words in an
ironical manner is said to be " aamin after him." Aa pronounced
like ah^ long.

AAMAS (N. Lane), ) sh, alms, gifts. A.S. celmesse, Icel. almusa.
AUMAS (E. Lane), J Mod. Scottish awmus or awmous. Aa pro-
nounced like ahy long.

Reufol he was to neody men, of his almesse large and
fre.— /. 330.

He mette
A beggar that him cumly grette,
And said, ** lef sir, par charit6
Wit sum almous thou help me."

English Metrical Homilies.

First, through byhing of paynes )>at greves.
With almuij ]>at men to the pure gyves.

Pricke of Conscience^ 3608.

Hir herte is verrey chambre of holynesse,
Hir bond, mynistre of fredom and almesse.

Man of Lawes Tale^ 69.

While she held up her greedy gab
Just like an a«»i<7«j-dish. — The Jolly Beggars,

Robert of Gloucester.
X298.

Northumbrian Dialect,
About 1330.

Hampolb.
1340.

Chaucer.
1370.

Burns.
1786.

The following is still remembered in Fumess as the usual address of beggars :

** Pity, pity paamas.
Pray give us aamas ;
Yan for Peter, two for Paul,
Three for God at meead us all. '*

Coll. Use (East Lane.) He lives o* aumas,
1875-

A AN (North and Mid. Lane), adj, own. A.S. dgen, own, from dgan,
to possess.

Ilk man l>at here lyves, mare or lesse,

God made til his awen lyknesse. — P. of C. 90.

In at the dur he went with this gud wiff,
A roussat goun of hir awn scho him gaif

Wallace, 238.
And lat no fowU of ravyne do effray,
Nop devoir birdis bot his awin pray.

Thistle and Rose, stanza 18.

like fair cite
Stude, payntit, euery fyall, fayn, and stage,
Apon the plane grund, by thar awyn vmbrage.

Trans, of Virgil* s ^neid, Bk. xii., 71.

Wha's ain dear lass, that he likes best,
Comes clinkin down beside him.

lioly Fair: Poems^ i. p. 27.

Hampole.
1340.

Blind Harry.
Z461.

William Dunbar.

1503-

Gawin Douglas.
1513-

Burns.
1786.

1820.

J. P. Morris.
1867.

Yan o' SlafF sons gat wedt, an* hed a son of his aan,

Lonsdale Magazine, vol. ii. 90.

Some said at it wos t' fellas they co'd spekalaters
*at bowte up o' t' stuff, an' then selt it owt at the'r
aan "j^nQt.— Invasion o* Vston, 4.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 3

ABACK, adv, back, behind, at the back of. A.S. on-bac.

«35o- Betere hit were douhtilyche to di3en on or oune,

J>en wij) schendschupe to schone and vs a-bak drawe.

Joseph of Arimathea^ 495.

WicLiF. Jesus scith to hem I ara, and Judas that betraide

*3^®* him stood with hem, and whanne he seide to hem, I

am, thei wenten abak and felden doun on the erthe.

John xviii.

*4iO' Abacke, or backward. Retro, retrorsum.

Prompt. Parv.

Coll. Uss. Just as aw coom up he wur hidin' aback o' th* hedge.

1875-

ABACK- A-BEHEEND, ) sh. a place behind or out of the way ;
ABACK-A-BEHINT, J used in the superlative sense.

Coll. Use. Whe«r does he live?— Eh! aw know no'; aback-

^^^* ' a'beheend^ wheer nob'dy comes.

ABBER, conj. but. (See also Ebber.)

Coll. Use. Thae'll not goo, Jim, belike?— ^3^/r aw will, shusc

*^75* what thae says.

ABEAR, z\ to endure, to tolerate. A.S. aheran.

Coll. Use. I conno' abmr th* sect on't.

1875.

ABIDE, V, to suffer, to endure, to tolerate. A.S. ahidan, from
Indan, to wait. Icel. bi'^a^ to wait, endure, suffer. Goth, beidan,
Swed. bida, Dan. hie,

West-Mid. Dialect (Lane.) J)en is better to abyde the bur vmbe-stoundes.

^360. Aim, Poems, c. 8.

Shakspere. I. In the sense of endure : —

»S9S- What fates impose, that men must needs abide.

It boots not to resist both wind and tide.

Third K, Henry VI., iv. 3, 58,

X598. 2. In the sense of tolerate : —

I cannot abide swaggerers.

Second K, Henry /K, ii. 4, 118.

Coll. Use. He wur soa ill he cudn't abide,

1875-

ABOON, prep, above, over, more than. A.S. abufan ; Icel. of an,

Hampole. Bathe fra ahoven and fra bjmethe. — P, of C, 612,

1340-
Chaucer. And specially aboven every thing

1370. Excited he the poepul in his preching.

Sompnoures Tale, 7..

Chevy Chase. Thef begane in Chyviat the hyls abone yerly on a

Prob. after 1460. monnyn-day.

Chevy Chase (Adhmole MS. 48), 14.

Burns. An honest man's aboon his might.— iV^»w, iii. $^,

Z786.

/

4 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

John Collier. I'd naw gett*n forrud, back ogen, aBoon a mile or

1750. 80, ofore eh saigh [I saw] a parcel o' lads on hobble-

tyhoys.^- Works, p. 43.

Waugh. Employer: Wheer hasto bin wort chin at ?

*870' Carter : I've dm wen for Owd Copper Nob aioon nine

yeat,^SaftcAo^s Wallet^ in the Sphinx, vol. iii. 90.

ACKER, V. to falter, to hesitate, to cough. Welsh achrethu, to
tremble or quake : this would apply to the first meaning. Welsh
hochi, to hawk, to throw up phlegm, would apply to the last
Danish harke has the latter meaning.

Coll. Use. i. He ackers and baffles : he's lyin'.

1874.

2. He ackers and spits : he's done [1 /., exhausted].

ACKERSPRIT, sh a potato with roots at both ends. The literal
sense is a land-sprout, which will equally apply to a turnip,
mangel-wurzel, or any other root. A.S. cBcer^ a field, land.
Goth, akrs, A.S. sprii^ a sprout. Cf. A.S. cecersprangas, saplings ;
from cecer and springatiy to spring.

ADDLE, V, to earn. Icel. odlask, to acquire, to gain. The word
was formerly used in the sense of to grow, to increase. Thus
Tusser, in his Husbandrie (1573), wrote :

Where ivy embraces the tree very sore,
Kill ivy, or else tree will addle no more.

.It's I con plough, and I con sow.
An' I con reap, an* I con mow.
An' I con to the market go,
An* sell my daddy's com and hay,
An' addle vaiy sixpence iwery day.

Harland^s B, and S. 0/ Lane, p. 182.
[The editor says the song, ** Dick o' Stanley Green,"
from which this verse is taken, is a great favourite
in North Lancashire.]

Wauoh. The old woman said her husband was ** a grinder

^^' in a cardroom when they geet wed, an' he addled

about eight shillin' a week."

Home Life Lane, Factory Folk, p. 102.

AFEARD, ) /. adj\ afraid, frighted, terrified. A.S. afa^ran, to
AFEART, ) terrify, to frighten; fromyfeV, sh, fear, which from

yfe'r, adj, sudden. The word is generally used in Lancashire

without the prefix, z.s feard, feart^ q.v,

A.S. Version of Bibl&. The clause ** they were afraid," in Gen. xlii. 35,

99S» appears in the A.S. version as **hig wurdon eaile

afarede,^'* i.e., "they all became afeard^^

Hampole. For he es afered )Jat he sal be peryst ;

1340- And ]>at drede til hym es a grete payn.

P. of C, 2943.
Chaucer. To be in his goode govemaunce,

^380. So wis he was, she was namore afered,

Troylus and Creseide ; iii. 477.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Lyogatb.
After 1420.

Spbnsbs.
1579*

Shakrspbrb.

1598.

Bbn Jonsom.
1620

Nat astonned, nor in his hert afferde.
But fol proudly leyde hond on his swerde.

Storie of Thebes^ ii. 1069.

He from his wide devouring oven sent
A flake of fire, that flashing in his beard,
Him all amaz'd, and almost made afeard.

F, Q.f Bk. i. canto xi. stanza 26.

But tell me, Hal, art thou not horribly a/eared ?

I, Hen, IV, ii. 4. 4, 401.

And his lip should Idssing teach,

Till he cherished too much beard, '

And make Love, or me afeard.

Underwoods^ Cel, of Charts^ ix.

tDr. Johnson (1755) said the word afeard ^^-^^ now obsolete : the last
author whom I have found using it is Sedley." He died about 1728 ]

Dickens.

1857.

'*It's no reason, Arthur," said the old woman
bending over him to whisper, *' that because I am
af eared of my life of 'em, you should be."

LitUe Dorrit^ p. 19, Household £u.

Coll. Uss.
1875.

'* Get on wi' thee, mon ; what arto feard on ? **
** Aw'm noan afeard on thee."

AFORE, prep, before, at some previous time, earlier than, in fronl
of. A.S. onforan, which occurs in the Chronicle, anno 875.
The A.S. also exhibits the form atforan^ but a- commonly corre-
sponds to the A.S. on-.

Athanasian Cbbbd.
Trans, about 1549.

Spbnsbk.
Ism.

Shakbspbrb.
z6o8.

Ramsbottom.
1864.

Waugh.
1870.

B. Brierley.
1870.

Waugh.
1874,

None is afore^ or after other.

For of their conmiing well he wist afore,

F, Q,, m. 3, 15.

They him saluted, standing far afore,

F, Q.^ i. 10, 49.

If your diligence be not speedy, I shall be there
4ifore you. ICing Lear^ i. 5, 375.

0* reawnd agen aw kiss mi brids.
Afore hoo packs 'em off to bed.

Lancashire Rhymes ^ p. 13.

Aw've sin sich like as thee afore.

Besom Ben^ c. 7, p. 88.

Aw sed afore^ aw'd bin livin' for th' last fortnight
like a feighter. Bundle o* Fenis^ i. p. 30.

Now, Sally, gan thi ways afore me, an* oppen
t' door. Jannocky c* iii., p. 18.

AFTERINS, \ sb. that which is left ; generally applied to the last

si

AFTHERINS.

CoLi* Use.
1875.

milk from a cow.

Jem, let owd Mally have a quart o' aftherins for a
custhert or two.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

AGATE, adv. and part, started, begun of, in hand, doing, con-
tinuing, teasing. Icel. gata, road or way. Dan. gade.

Waugh.
1865.

1866.

Coll. Usb.
1875.

1. On foot or in hand.

What have they agate at th* owd mill ?

Besom Ben^ c i. 17.

2. Started ; begun of.

** Well, are yo ready?'*

** Ay, get agate f*^ said Twitchel.

Ibidf e. iii., 34.

3. Doing.

Get forrard wi what thae'rt agate on just now^
and dunnot be a foo I Ibid^ c. viii 94.

4. On the way.

Thae'rt olez agate o* makin' a bother abeawt
nought. Ibid^ c. ix. 105.

5. Going on or continuing.

Thae connot stij while this rain*s agate^ so say
not a word. Owd Blanket^ c. iii. 61.

6. Teasing.

Mother, aar Jem*s agate on me again.

AGEN \ prep, against, in an opposite direction to. A.S. ageUy
AGAIN I ongean; Ic^gegn; t>2in, igjen ; SvfQd. igen ; Gqt. gegen.

William of Palkrnjc.
1350.

Edwin Waugh.
1857.

Joseph Ramsbottom.
Z864.

Ri3tly ]>enne )>em]>erour yrendes him euene till,
)>e child comes him agayn & curtesliche him gretes.

William o/Falerne, 232.

An* then, by guy, he's hardly wit enough to keep
fro runnin' again woles i'th dayleet

Lane. Sketches^ p. 28.

An' o' thattens their little tongues ran ;
Bo sich prattlin* o' went agen th' grain.

Lancashire Rhymes^ p 20.

AGEN, prep, contiguous, near to. A.S. ongean^ towards.

CJoll. Use.
1875.

Agen th* heawse-eend wur a little cloof o* full o
brids an' fleawrsr.

AGG, V. to tease, to worry. May perhaps be referred to the Indo-
European ak^ expressing sharpness ; whence Lat. acutus; Icel.
eqgjUy to incite, provoke ; E. to egg on, ed^e. In this case the
original sense is to prick, goad.

Coll. Use.
1875.

^A done wi' thi' Nan, thae'rt aulus aggin* at mi.

AIGREEN, sb, the house-leek. Dr. Johnson spells the word aygreen.
In Mid. English, ay-green would mean ever-green.

AIMT,/./. intended.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 7

Waugh. Hoo'd ha made a rare wife for onybody 'at had

*^^* ony sense — hoo would that I Aw'd aimt her doin'

weel, and hoo met [might] ha done weel, too.

Oivd Blanket^ iii. 54.

AISTHER-BO I (^^°^* ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^' ^^' ^° ^^^^^ dumpling.

Coll. Usb. Well, mother, it's Aister Sunday t'mom; yo*n

^^75- mak us some Aistker-bo^s aw reckon*

AKRAN, sb, an acorn ; also called hatchorn. Goth, akran meants
fruit in general, from akr^ cultivated land. In the cognate tongues
it became limited to the fruit of the oak. Icel. akarn; Dan.
agern; A.S. cecom ; Ger. ceckern,

ALD, 1 (North Lane.) adj, old. A.S. eald. The Mid, South, and
A AD, ) East Lane, form is owd,

Hampole. He prayses aid men and haldes l>am wyse.

^340. />. 0/ C, 794.

Burns. Twas in that place o* Scotland's isle,

^780. xhat bears the name of Auld King Coil.

Twa Dogs: Poems i. p. i.

J- ^;il°^^^®' As aid Dryden said, ** It wos ivery thing be toms,

^* but nowt lang. " T Lebby Beck Dobby, 4.

AITHER (North Lane), adj. con, and pron. either. The South and
East Lancashire form is oather. There can be little doubt that
aigther^ ayther^ was the original pronunciation of either, A.S.
(Egther,

Hampole. |)at ayther hand may chaung sone.

^340. P.ofC,,\2^Ar

Wkst-Mid. Dial. (Lane.) By trw recorde oiay^er prophete.

About 136a jiiiit^ Poems, A. 830.

Sir T. Mallory. And seyne salle 3e ofifyre, aytkyre^ aftyre ol>er.

'485- Morte Arthurey 939.

About 1500. On ather part, and is assemblit so.

Lancelot of the Laik, 2629.

AJEE, adv, in a flutter.

Waugh. An' when aw meet wi' my bonny lass,

^^59- It sets my heart ajee.

Lane. Songs : Sweetheart Gate.

AJEE, adj, partly open, awry, oblique.

Coll. Use. Tmt dur : its ajee.

ALE-POSSET, sb, warm milk and beer sweetened.

Waugh. There's some nice bacon-coUops o'th hob^

^^49- An a quart o' ale-posset i'th oon.

Songs: Come Whoam ta (hi Ckildtr,

8 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

ALE-SCORE, sb. a debt at the alehouse. A score was originally a
stick or piece of wood with notches cut in it (from A.S. scyran, to
shear or cut), used in keeping count When a certain number had
been notched, the stick was cut, and called a tally (French tailie,
cut off). The tally varied from lo to too notches ; but, in reck-
onings, twenty was the usual number. Hence, the score became
synonymous with the recorded debt of so many pints of ale
drunk. When chalk marks were substituted for the notches
on the tally, each mark indicated a notch, and a line drawn
diagonally made a tally, two tallies making a score.

Shakespere. Jack Cade : There shall bee no mony ; all shall

*S94. eate and drinke on my score.

Second King Hen. Sixths iv. 2, 78.

Z598. Score a pint of bastard in the Halfe Moone.

First King Hen, Fourth^ ii. 4^ 29.

Coll. Usa. Hast paid thi aUscore at th' Bke Bell yet ?

1875. ^ ^

ALE-SHOT, sh, a reckoning at the alehouse. Icel. skot = (i) a
shot ; (2) a scot^ or contribution.

Shakespere. Falstaffe : Though T could scape scot-iiet at London,

1598. I fear the shot heere ; here's no scoring, but vpon the

pate. First King Hen, Fourth yV."^, 2P'

1598. Speed: He to tiie ale-house with you presently,

where, for one shot of five-pence, thou shalt have five
thousand welcomes. — Two Gent, of Ver,^ ii. 5, 8.

1623. Posthumtis : If I prove a good repast to the spec-

tators, the dish payes the shot. — Cytnb,^ v. 4, 157.

Coll. Use. He's an aleshot at th' back o' th' door yon, th'

^^75- ^ length o' my arm.

ALLUM, V. (Mid. Lane.) to beat.

Coll. Use. Well, Joe, what did th' master say to thi for playin'

^^75- truant ?— O, he dudn't say varry mich, bod he allum^d

me reet weel for it.

ALONG, 1 conj. on account of, owing to, that by which something
ALUNG, ) is caused. A,S, gelang, omug to. It is different from
the ordinary alongy which is A.S. andlang, Chaucer uses long on^
on account of. Shakespere has long of (Cymb, v. 5. 27 ij.

Chaucer. On me is nought alonge thin yvel fare.

1370. Tr, and Cr,^ Bk. ii., looo.

John Gowbr. But if it is along on me,

1 393* Of I'at 3e vnauanced be.

Con/essio AmantiSy Sp. Ear, Eng. ii. 172, 55.

Sir Walter Scott. My poor father ! — I knew it would come to this —

1831. and all along of the accursed gold.

Fortunes of Nigel, c. xxiv.

Coll. Use.. It wur o' alung o' thee that aw geet into this scrape.

1875.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 9

ALP, sb, a bullfinch. ^^ Alpe^ a bryde [bird], Ficedula*^ ; Prompt.
Parvtiloram. See Way's note, which gives blood-olf as the Norfolk
word for bullfinch ; whilst grem-olf is the green grosbeak. In
Icel. alpt or alft is the common word for a swan. See alp in
Ra/s Gloss. (E. D. S.), p. 77.

About 1370. In many places were nyghtyngales,

Alpesy fynches, and wodewales.

Romaunt of the Rose^ d^l.

AMACKLY, adv, in some form or fashion, partly so, a little in that
way. A.S. macian, to make ; also, to act, conduct, bear oneself.

AMOON, /r^r/>. among. A.S. amang^ from mengan^ to mix.

Waugh. Look heaw aw ruwen mi breeches amoon th' thorns.

"^^5- Besom Ben, p. 57.

AM'DY, sb, anybody. One of those contractions which abound in
the dialect : ex gr. beUemyy believe me ; ot iddn, that you had ;
didney^ did you ? etc.

Ramsbottom. Toime wur, if amdy dust ha worn

'^^^' Sicli things as neaw are worn by me,

^ Ut folks ud sheawt wi jeers an' scorn.

Lane, Rhymes : Gooin* f Schoo, 88.

Ibid. Aw'st twitch am'dy^s nose ut looks croot.

^^^' Poacher Tom : Country Words, No. 17^ p. 164,

AN, conj. if. Icel. en = than, if.

JohnFord. . Qril: Fool, fool, fool I catch me an thou canst.

1629. pj^^ , gj^pgj ^jjj ^g house ; His a dunce.

Lover* s Melancholy, act iiL sc. i.

Bbn Jonson. Nay an thou dalliest, then I am thy foe,

'^^' And fear shall force v^hat friendship cannot win.

_______^ Poetaster.

Coll. Use. Aw'll warm thee, an thae does it.

1875.

AN', conj, and. A.S. and; High Ger. und; Dutch, en,

Robert of Gloucester. Thys King Knout was tuenty ger King of Engelond,
lagS- An in a thousend ger of grace and thyrtty, ych

vnderstonde,
An syxe^ he deyde at Ssaftesbury. p. 324.

Burns. q^^ Laird gets in his racked rents,

"^ °* His cods, his kain, «»* a' his stents.

Twa Dogs.

Ramsbottom. Aw find a wuld o' pleasant things

*^^* Come creawdin' reawnd sometimes, aw'm sure ;

An some ut God's denied to kings,
AnU gan i' plenty unto th' poor.

Lancashire Rhymes^ y^. \i

lO LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

ANCIENTRY, sb, old things, antiquities. Lat. ante. Prov. antes.
It. anziy before ; whence anziano, Fr. ancient ancient, belonging
to former times. — Wedgwood.

Shakbspksk. Wooing, wedding, and repenting, is as a Scotch

*^**** jiggCf a measure, and a cinque-pace : the first suite is

hot and hasty like a Scotch jigge (and full as fantas-
ticall), the wedding manerly modest (as a measure,
full of state and auncheniry), and then comes repent-
ance, and with his bad legs falls into the cinque-pace
faster and faster, till he sinkes into his graue.

Much AdOy ii. I, 76.

FuLLB*. Samuel Ward was bom at Bishop's Middleham, in

*^°®' this county ; his father being a gentleman of more

ancientry than estate. Worthies : of Durham,

Waugh. £awr Charley — eh,' there connot be

*^7i« Another pate like his ;

It's o' cromfuU o' ancientry^
An' Roman haw-pennies !

Lane, Songs : Eawr Folk.

ANCLEJACK, sh, a heavy shoe tied round the ancle. Jack is em-
ployed in a variety of senses for anything rough or homely r
Jack-ct^ Jack-boots, Jack-plane, Black-jack, etc. Jack-boots come
up the thigh ; Ancle-jacks only over the ancle.

Waugh. His feet were sheathed in a pair of clinkered ancle^

^^5- jacks, as heavy, and nearly as hard, as iron.

Besom Ben, c. i., p. 6»

ANCLEF, sb, ancle. A.S. ancleow ; Flemish, enkel ; Ger. enkeL

^°i875^^"* ^^'^ ^2s:V\ knockt his ancle/ ovX wi' jumpin'.

ANENST (Fylde and N. Lane), prep, opposite to. A corrupted
form of Mid. E. ageines or on-yeines = against; due to confusion
with anent, which is a quite different word, from AS. on-emn.
So also M.E. amonges is now amongst.

Ben Jonson. And right aninst him a dog snarling.

'^'^ Alchemist, act ii.

Coll. Use. We come to anenst thidder. We stopt anenst th'

^875. yate.

ANGER, V, to vex, to irritate. Angry (adj.) is applied to an in-
flamed sore. Cf. A,S. atige^ trouble, vexation ; from same root
as Lat. angor, anxius.

S. GossoN. Or as curst sores with often touching

1579- Waxe angry ^ and run the longer.

Schoole of Abuse ^ p. 21.
Shakkspere. lago : Do you finde some occasion to anger Cassio,

' either by speaking too loud, or tainting his discipline.

Othello, ii. sc. I.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. II

PoPK, It angered Turenne, once upon a day,

1738. To see a footman kicked, that took his pay :

But when he heard th'affront the fellow gave.
Knew one a man of honour, one a knave,
The prudent general turn'd it to a jest,
And begg'd he'd take the pains to kick the rest.

Epilogue to Satires^ ii., Aldine Ed.,
VoL iii., p. 115.

Coll. Usb. Yon lad's foot gets no betther ; he's bin walkin*

^^75* this momin', an his stockin' mun 'a angert it.

ANGS (North Lane.) sb, the beard of coarse barley.

ANGUISHOUS, adj, sorrowful, in pain. Fr. angoisse ; Old Fr.
angoisseux. See Anger.

Robert of Gloucestb*. Kyng Arture was anguysous in his companye

^*98. That the luther tray tor adde of scaped hym so tuye

[twice]. Chronicle^ p. 222.

About 1370. But I wille that thou knowe hym now

Gynning and eende, sith that thou
Art so anguitshous and mate
Diffigured oute of> a-state
Ther may no wreeche have more of woo,
Ne caityie noon end^ren soo.

Rom. of the Rose, 4672.

Chaucer. Fortherover, contricioun schulde be wounder

^380. Sorwful and anguisskeous.

Persones TaU^ iii. 16, p. 284.
John Lydgate. But anguysshouSy and ful of bysy peyne,

"^^°* He rode hym forth. Storie 0/ Thebes, pt. ii, 1. 1217.

Coll. Use. He lookt quite anguishouSj an aw felt sorry for him.

ANOTHER-GATES, a^v. another kind, a different sort. Low
Ger. gat is applied, like way, not only to a road, but to manner,
kind, sort.

Butler. When Hudibras, about to enter

1663. Upon anothergaies adventure.

To Ralpho call'd aloud to arm
Not dreaming of approaching storm.

Htidibras, pt. 1., canto 3, 1. 427.

ANOYOUS, I adj, provoking, teasing, annoying, unpleasant From
ANOYFUL, ) E. annoy; etym. doubtful.

Chaucer. AUe taryinge is anoyful,

"380- The Tale of Melibeus, Aid. Ed. iii., 144, 25.

Chaucer. Right so farith it som t)rme of deedly synne, and of

*370' anoyous venial synnes, whan thay multiplien in a

man. The Persones Tale, iii. 291, i8»

Coll. Usir. Yo're varra anoyous; give oett

1875.

12

LAiNCASHiRE GLOSSARY.

APPERN, sb. an apron. Old Fr. naperon, properly the intensitive
of napptt a table cloth. In ^Ifric's Dialogues (tenth century)
we find A.S. harm-clath (an apron) explained by Lat. mappula.
In the Promptorium Parvulorum (1440) we have harmclothe or
naprun explained by Lat. limus^ which signifies an apron in the
modem sense.

" Poo thi appern off, Pincher." Pincher took off
his apron, which was a white linen one, such as were
mostly worn by handloom weavers.

Marlocks of Meriton^ 26.

B. Bribrlby.
1867.

Coll. Use.
X87S-

He's teed to his mam*s a//^if-string.

AREAWT, prep, out of doors, outside.

John Colubr.
1750.

Bamford.
x8ao.

Ramsbottom.
Z864.

Waugh.
z868.

I'r no sooner areawt boh a threave o' rabblement
wur watchin on meh at t' dur. Works^ 58.

And why comes a gentleman riding alone ?
And why doth he wander areawt such a night.

Homely Rhymes : The Wild Rider.

Theaw God above, alone to-day

Areawt i'th* broad, green fields aw've come,
Aw want a twothri words to say,

Aw shouldno like to say awhoam.

Lane, Rhymes : Preawd Tum*s Frayer, 59.

Whatever art doin' areawt sich a day as this ?

Owd BLy c. iii., p. 52.

ARK, sh. a press to keep clothes in ; a large chest for holding meal
or flour. About Oldham and HoUinwood ark is a repository.
The country "badger" (q. v.) or provision-dealer will say malt-
ark, flour-ark, meal-ark, and so on. A.S. arc^ earc^ a coffer, chest,
vessel.

Od thone daeg the Noe on earee eode. [Until the
day that Noah entered into the ark.] — Luke xvii. 27.

Arke.t a cofer or chest, as our shrines, saue it was
flatte, and the sample of ours was taken thereof.

fVorhes, p. 11.

In the rich ark Dan Homer's rhymes he placed
Who feigned gests of heathen princes sung.

Sonnets: Praise of Psalms 0/ ^avid, 4.

Then first of ail came forth Sir Satyrane,

Bearing that precious relicke in an arke

Of gold. P. g., Bk» iv., c 4, 15.

An ark of bulrushes. Exodus ii. 3.

AS. Trans. Bibl*.
995-

TVNDALB.
2528.

Earl of Surrby.
1557.

Spbnsbk.

Biblb.
x6zo.

John Higson.
2853.

Ibid.

Coll. Usb.
1875.

The domestic arrangements [of the farmhouses] in-
cluded fiour and meal coffers, apple arks, oatmeal
fleak, etc. Gorton Historical Recorder, p. 12.

She had secreted a small quantity of tea in her
meal ark. Idid, p. 14.

Go an treyd t* meyl into th' ark.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 3

ARLES, s5. money paid to bind to bind a bargain ; earnest money,
paid to servants on hiring. Sometimes called God's penny.
Gael, ar/as, earnest-money ; Welsh, arUsy a gift, benefit, advan-
tage.

About 1750. Aries were low an' makin's were naethin* man,

Lord ! how Donald is flytin' an* frettin' man.

Donald MacgilHvray : Hog^s Jacobite Relics,

ARN-LOIN (Gliviger), sb. straightened circumstances.

Jambs Standing. Wen missed th' way to fortun : what ! this is th' arnloin^

187©. Wheer Jone-o'-Tums says a chap's hard to work,

An a woman's to toil and slave like a Turk.

Echoes from a Lancashire Vale^ p 13.

ARR, V. to snarl. Hence R was called the dog*s letter ; Rom. and
Jul., ii. 4., 222.

Sir Thomas North. A dog is, by nature, fell and quarrelsome, given to

'*^9« arre and war upon a very small occasion.

Trans, of Plutarch^ s Morals^ p. 726.

Coll. Usr. Co* that dog in, dost no' see how it keeps arrin' at

1875. yon felly ?

ARR, sb. a scar, a mark, a rough seam, a wart. Arr'd, v. marked
with scars; as " pock-arr'd," marked with smallpox. Dan. ar ;
IceL arr^ orr; Sw. arr; N. Fris. aar, a scar, cicatrix, seam.

Coll. Use. He wur arr*d o' ower wit' smo-pox.

1875.

sb, an errand. AS. (Brend^ a message, tidings.

ARRAN, )

ARRANT,

ARNT,

Anglo-Saxon Biblb. da hatedon hine his leode, and sendon esr^xr</-racan

995* sefter' him. [But his citizens hated him, and sent

messengers after him.] Luke xix. 14.

144a Ernde, negocium, nuncium. — Prompt, Parv,

John Collier. Neaw meh mind misgives meh ot yoar'n gooin a

*7So« sleeveless arnt. Works, p. 42.

Ramsbottom. Som'dy sent Will an arnt th' tother day,

^^°^' An' they gan him a cake to bring whoam ;

So he shar'd eawt wi Nanny and Bob,
An' a bit he put bye for eawr Tom.

Lane, Rhymes, p. 18.

Waugh. Theyn keep 'em scrubbin floors, an' runnin arrans,

"^^7. an' swillin, an' scutterin up an' deawn stairs.

Owd Bl,, c. iii., 71.

ARRANT, \ adj. downright, thorough. Applied to a rogue, vaga-
ARREN, I bond, or fool.

Sir p. SmNEv. Country folk, who hallooed and hooted after me,

^580. 2& at the arrantest coward that ever showed his

shoulders to the enemy.

14 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Pons. Know, there are rhymes, which, fresh and fresh apply'd,

«737» Will cure the arrant si papPY o^ ^^^ pride.

Horace^ b. i, Epist. i, Aldine Ed., p. 42.

John Coluhr. For then it wou'd be os plene [plain] as Blackstone-

I7SO* Edge ot team [they were] mayin [making] o arron

gawby on meh. Works, p. 58.

Coll. Usb. He's an arran* thief, and as big a rogue.

1875.

ARRONLY, adv, exceedingly.

John Collier. I*re arronly moydert [I was completely bewildered].

1750. Works, p. 58.

ARTO, V, pron. art thou ? Mid. E. artow, from A.S. eart \u,

NoRTHUMB. Dialect. Mi leser [deliverer] artou, night and dai,
Before 130a Fra mi faes ben wrathful ai.

Metrical English Psalter, ps- xvii., 1. 121.
Chaucer. «« Artow than a bayely ?" ** Ye," quod he.

1380. jjg durste not for verray filth and schame

Sayn that he was a sompnour, for the name.

Freres Tale, 1. 94.

Bamford. I stoode beside Tim Bobbin' grave,

^*^4- 'At looks o'er Ratchda' teawn ;

An' th' owd lad 'woke within his yerth
An' sed, *♦ Wheer arto' beawn ?"

Homely Rhymes, p. 80.

Waugh. ** Nea then," replied Tim, " what arto doin' snoorin

1867. i'bed at this time o'th day ? " Owd BU, p. 14.

^5"!?12!i9v' \ V' P^o, and adv, art thou not? A.S. eart ydnd?
ARTN 10, J '

Waugh. Aw think thae*rt a bit thrutch't i' thi mind this

'867* morning abeawt summat, arttCto f Owd. Bl., p. 10.

ARVAL (N. and Mid. Lane.) sh a funeral feast. Probably from
arf-ale, inheritance-ale, or feast made by an heir on coming into
property. Cf. Icel. arfr. ; A.S. yrfe^ an inheritance.

That arval which Thorward and Thord held in
honour of their father, was the most famous ever
known in Ireland. — Landnamabok, iii. c. 10.

ARVAL-BREAD, ib, cakes used at a funeral.

ASHELT, adv, probably, likely; also, easily. Cf. Icel. heldr, rather ;
which is Mceso-Goth. haldis, rather; connected with Goth. hulihSy
favourable ; M.E. hold, favourable = M.E. as hold, i. e. as favour-
ably, as soon.

John Collier. Boh eh thowt eh could ashelt sell hur eh this tother

^750' pleck. [But I thought I could probably sell her in

this other place.] Works, p. 49.

I^ANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. I 5

ASIDE, prep, beside.

Coll. Usb. Eawr Mally stoode aside on me while th* rushcart

^^75- "virere gooin' by.

ASK, adj. hard, dry. Icel. heskr^ hastr, harsh.

Coll. Usb. i. It*s an ask wind this momin.

^^75* 2. This ale has an asky taste.

ASKE. ) sb. a water-newt, a lizard ; //. askerds. GaeU osc^ an
ASKER, J adder, a snake. A.S. a^exe, newt, salamander.

About i330i Snakes and nederes thar he fand,

And gret blac tades gangand,
And arskes^ and other wormes felle.

Eng, Met. Homilies: Sp. E. Eng,^ p. 95, 1. 177.

Coll. Usb. He went a-fishin' an' cowt nowt nobbut askerds,

1875.

ASSAL-TOOTH, (N. and E. Lane.) sb, a molar tooth. Icel. jaxl,
a molar tooth.

Coll. Use. Some co*n em wang an others oxxaAteeth.

1875. ^

ASS, sb. ashes from coal. Ess, in South-East Lane. ; Ass, in North-
East Lane. A.S. asce^ ashes.

Coll. Use. Now, wench, get that ass up and mop th' harston.

ASSCAT, sb, a child who plays near or in the ashes ; a term of
contempt applied to lazy persons who hang habitually over the
fire. A.S. (zsce^ ashes.

ASTITE, adv, as soon ; as quick \ by-and-by. Icel. /ii?5r, frequent \
neut. titt (used as adv.) soon ; Sw. tidt^ soon.

Hampole. For a best, when it es bom, may ga

1340- AlS'tite aftir, and rin to and fra. P. ^f C, 470.

West. Mid. Dial. (Lane). Bot )>er on-com a bote as-tyt,

1360. E. Eng. A Hit. Poems, A. 1. 644.

Ibid. And l?ay token hit as-tyt and tented hit lyttel.

lind, B. 1. 935.

Coll. Use. I can go astite as him.

1875. ^

ASTOi vb. pron. hast thou ? Mid. E. hastow, hast thou ?

Coll. Use. Why, Jim, thae's never browt o' that Imnber wi'

'875. ihi* asto ?

ASWINT, adj. crooked, oblique. Dutch, schuin, oblique, sloping.

Coll. Use. He geet it aswint, an cudna set It alia\^\.>QASS.^\,

1875.

1 6 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

ATAFTER, prep, after.

Chaucer. At afUr souper [supper] felle they in tretfi [treaty].

1340- Frankeleynes Tale, 1. 483.

Waugh. He gave another glance at the window, and said,

*^^^ «• Ay ; it is a bonny neet, for sure, at-afier this storm. * '

Sneck'bant, p. 1 4.

ATHATNS (S. Lane), | ^^ j^ ^1,^^ way

ATHATNESS (Mid Lane), J ^^' ^^ ^^^^ ^^'

Ramsbottom. An* oHhattens their little tongues ran ;

**^*' Bo sich prattlin' o* went agen th' grain.

Lane, Rhymes, p 20.

ATHIS'NS (S. Lane), 1 ^ • ^u- .

ATHISNESS (Mid Lane), \ ^^^- '^ ^^'' ^'^'

Collier. Let's stick toth' tone tother'shond then. Athiss'n

^750* we went into th' leath. [Let us stick to one another's

hand then. In this way we went into the bam.]

IVorks, p. 71.

Coll Use. Th' owd felly kept waggin' his yed, th' fust a-ihis^ns

"^5* an' then a-that'ns.

ATOP, prep, on the top.

Waugh. Aw're so mad at him, 'at aw up wi' th' roUin'^-pin,

''' an aw took him straight a-top o' th' yed wi't — sich a

cleawt ! Owd BL c. iii., p. 65.

ATTER, sb, poison, filth, corrupt matter issuing from a wound.
A.S. ater, atter, poison.

Langland. Alle ]>e oJ>er J>er it lyth [enuenyme]?] )>orgh his attere.

'377- Piers Plowman, Bk. xii., 256.

^^so- I may drede at my departyng

]>at it wole be aitir and ille.

Hymns to the Virgin and Christ, p. 24-62.

144a Attyr, fylthe, sanies. A. Sax. alter ^ venenum.

This sore is full of matter, or atter; purulentum.

Prompt. Parv.

Gaskell. Lancashire people often call a bad, irritating tem-

^854* per, an oMern-itm^tr^ poisoned or poisoning temper

Lect. Lane. Dial. p. 30.

Coll. Use. He's fair attert wi' dut.

1875.

ATTERCOP, sb. a spider. A.S. atter-coppa^ a venomous insect, a
spider.

Wyclif. The eiren [eggs] of edderes thei to-breeken, and

^380. the webbis of an atter cop thei wouen.

Isaiah lix. 5.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 7

See a curious tale of the effect of the venom of the
atturcoppe at Shrewsbury, in the preface to Langtoft's
Chron. Heame, i. p. cc. In Trevisa's version of the
Polychronicon, it is said that in Ireland ** there ben
attercoppes (bloode-soukers) and eeftes that dooa
none hanne.** Frompt. Parv, pp. i6 & 17.

Coll. Usk. Th' wimmen lace thersels up so, they look like

1875. attercops,

ATTERCOB, sb. a spider's web.

Coll. Use. Th' blackberries wur o covered wi aitertobt,

1875-

ATTERING, adj, venotnous. See Atter.
ATWEEN, prep, between.

Sphnskr. ^j^^ ^l^gjj atweene her lilly handes twaine

^^^^* Into his wound the juice thereof did scruze.

F. Q.y iii.,c. v., St. 33.

ATWIXT, prep, between.

Before 1370. Crete love was atwixe hem two.

Bothe were they faire and bright of hewe.

Rom. of Rose ^ 854.

Spenser. And with outrageous strokes did him restraine,

1579. * And with his body bard the way atwixt them twaine.

F, Q., i. c. viii., st. 13.

Coll. Use. He geet atwixt V wheels.

AUMRY, \ (N. Lane), sb. a pantry or cupboard. See awmebry
AUMBRY, ) in Prompt. Parv. Properly = Low Lat. alniarium^

= Lat armarium; but, as P. P. shows, mixed up with elemosina-

rium.

William Morris. But she across the slippery floors did go

^'^^' Unto the other wall, wherein was built

A little aumbrye. ^ason, p. 152.

Waugh. We'n tarts, an' cheese, an' a cowd saddle o' mutton

'^7^* i* t' aumry yon, at's never bin cut intill.

Jannocky ii. p. 13.

AVYSE, sb. advice, counsel. Fr. dvis^ from Low Latin, advisum^
advisare^ equivalent to an interview face to face, ad-visum.

Chaucer. Ye have erred also, for it semetK that yow sufficeth

^37<>» - to have been counselled by these counseilours only,

and with litel avys. Tale of Melibeus^ iii., 161, 18.

Spenser. But I with better reason him avi^d.

^^^ F. Q., iv. c. vui., St. 58.

C

Coll. Use. I offered him avyse. and be wx>dE^t\i«v Vt.

1 8 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

AW, prm. I.

Waugh. "^w live a bit aboon Whi'toth," replied Ben,

'^^5- « up Lobden gate on, at a plaze they co'n * Th*

Ricklin's.' " Besom Ben, p 88

Waugh. He knocked with his empty pot upon the table, and

"®^7. ^id, " Aw think aw^Vi have another.*'

Dulesgaie, p. i8.

AWF, sh. an elf, an idiot, a changeling. A.S. (bI/^ elfi Icel. <Ufr;
Dan. alf; Flem. elf^ aif,

Shakesperb. We'll dresse

^^** Like vrchins, ouphes^ and fairies, greene and white.

Merry Wives, iv. 4, 48.

John Collier. What an awfwfir I to pretend rime weh yo.

^750. Eawther an His Buk : Works, p. xxxvi.

AWHOAM, prep, and sb, at home.

Waugh. So, we'n bide one another, whatever may come ;

^^59- For there's no peace i'th world iv there's no peace

awhoam. Lane. Songs : Jamie*s Frolic,

AWMAKS, pron, and sb, Pronun. of all makes. All sorts or kinds.

Coll. Use. He sells childer's stuff an' awmaks o' things.

1875.

AAVSE, V, to offer, to attempt. See also Oss.

Waugh. A mon 'at plays a fiddle weel,

'^59- Should never awse to dee.

Lane. Songs : Eawr Folk

Waugh Come, owd dog, awse to shap.

1865. Besom Ben^ c. iv. p. 42.

John Higson. Aw shackert un' waytud till ten,

^^^* Bu' Meary ne'er awst to com eawt.

HarlancTs Lancashire Lyrics, p. 187.

AWST, /r(7«. and z/. I shall. Sing. Flu,

First Person . . . Aw'st We'st

Second Person . . Thea'st Yo'st

Third Person . . . He'st They'st

Waugh. "Do you ever think of delving the ground up,*

^^57- said I. ** Delve I nawe," answered he ; *• aw'st delve

noantheer." — Lane, Sketches: Grave of Grislehurst

Boggart, 208.

Coll. Use. Aw^st draw mi brass t'mom, an then thea'st have a

* ^*' new cwot.

AWTS, sb, refuse of hay ; left meat ; fragments. Probably Lanca-
shire pronunciation of oris. See oris in Wedgwood.

John Collier. So away we went, an begun o' cromming o' th'

^750- leawphoyles [loop-holes] an' th' slifters i'th' leath

woughs full o' uwts. Works, p. 44.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

19

AWVISH, adj, queer ; naughty. See Awf, ante,
AWVISHLY, adv. awkwardly.

COLLIKR.
1750.

Coll. Usb.
1875.

When he coom in ogen, he glooart awvishly at
Mezzil fease [= When he came in ajjain, he stared
queerly at Mezzil-face], IVorks, p. 53.

Keep out of his road aw tell thi, he's an auuvishf
nowty felly.

AX, \ V. to ask. A.S. dsa'an, dcsian, to ask, inquire, demand.
ASH, ) The A.S. verb is spelt indifferently ascian^ acsigan. ahsian,
or axian,

E. Eng. Mbt. RoicANCBS. Gawan assheSy Is hit soe ? — p. 69.
Ab. i400i

Collier.
1750-

Bamford.

1864.

Ramsbottom.
1864.

■ Waugh.

IS57.

Waugh.
Z865.

Then, as I thowt he tawkt so awkertly, I'd asA
him for th' wonst whot uncoths [news] he heard
sturrin. — Works^ 5 1 .

Curridge, meh lads, ween goo an' see't,
It isno' dark, for th' moon gi's leet ;
Iv't be a Ludd, ween at him smash,
Iv boggart, aw'll some questions ash.

Poems y p. 164.

Then ax thisel if thea should fret.

When thea's laid by two hundhret peawnd.

Lane. Rhymes^ P- 4i-

Scratching his head, and looking thoughtfully among
the houses, he said, ** Scowfil ?" [r^.pron. of Schole-
field.] Aw know no Scowfils, but thoose at th' Tim
Bobbin aleheawse ; yodd'n better ash theer."

Lane. 8k. : Cot!age of Tim Bobbin^ c. iii., p. 53.

Well, go thee in an* ax him then, as thae'rt so cliver !

Besom Ben, p. 58.

AXED (S. and E. Lane), ^
ASHT (ditto)

AISHT (Fumess),

V. pt. t asked. See Ax.

A.S. Trans. Gospels.
995*

Wyclif.

X380.

Chaucer.
1380.

Thomas Occlbvk.
About X430.

John Colubr.
1750.

Ibio.

And he on wege his leoming-cnihtas ahsode Tother
copies acsode^ axode, axsode\ Hwset secgaj) men )>aet
ic sy?=And he in the way his learning-knights
[disciples] axed^ What say men that I am ?

Mark viii. 27.

He axide his disciplis. — Mark viii. 17.

And to her housbond bad hir for to seye,

If that he axed after Nicholas,

Sche schulde seye, sche wiste nat wher he was.

Milleres Tale^ 1. 226.

Alle that they axed haden they redy.

De Regimine Princtpum^ st. 600.

Then I asht him what way eh munt gooa.

Worksy p. 47.

Justice axt meh whot eli "waxital. — Works ^ ^. \^.

20 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Waugr. My cheek went as red as a rose ;

'^59 There's never a mortal can tell

Heaw happy aw felt ; for, thea knows,
One couldn't ha axed him theirsel'.

Lane. Songs : Dule's V this Bonnet.
Ramsbottom. «« Eh, Jim," hoc said, •* this lass ull dee,

' ^ An' thea's ne'er once e'er a£d to see't."

Lane, Rhymes, p. 38.

AXEN (S.-E. Lane), ) v, pres. t. ask. Used in Lancashire in
ASHEN (N.-E. Lane), ) the plural.

Chaucer. But shortly, lest this tales sothe were,

^39* She dorst at no night axen it for feere.

Troylus and C, Bk. iv., 643.

Coll. Use* Yo're noan shaumefaced ; yo axen [or ashen\ for

^875- anoof.

AXINS, sb. askings, applied to marriage banns.

Waugh. ** Eh. Dick, whatever mun I do if my faither finds

^^75- this out ?" •* Thou mun do as I towd tho, an' let me

put th' axins up. Mon, th' owd chap '11 come to, if
we getten wed." — Old Cronies, iv. p. 43.

Coll. Use. Well, thae'rt for bein' wed at th' lung length ; aw

^^75* yer thae's getten th' axins in.

AYLA (Fylde), 1 adj. shy, backward, shamefaced. John Ray,

AYLO (S. E. Lane), ) in his glossary of North Country words
(1691) has ^^ Heloe, or Helaw^ bashful;" and Ralph Thoresby, in
the list of Yorkshire words (presumably from the neighbourhood
of Leeds), sent to Ray in 1703, gives ^^ Hala, bashful, nicely
modest." (See E. D. S. Reprinted Glossaries, Part III.) See
also '^ Bala, bashful," in the Rev. W. Thornber's "Glossary of
old words used in the Fylde ;" History of Blackpool, p. 108.

Waugh. There's some fresh-poo'd sallet theer, an* some

*^74' oowd beef, an' some cheese — so reitch to, an' dunnot

be ailo, for I'm nobbut a poor bond at laithin' {in-

vxting).-- Chimney Corner: Maneh, Critie, July 24,

LANCASHI££ GLOSSARY. 21

B.

BABS, sb.pL pictures; chiefly pictures in a book. The word is
another form of " babes," and it is almost solely used in talk to
very little children ; as, " There's a bab o*er lev" ( = there's a
baby, or, a picture, over the leaf). Again, in Waugh's " Come
whoam to thi Childer an' Me," " Tve a book full o' babs'' means
'* I've a book full of pictures." Compare the expression babies
in the eyes, explained by Nares, where baby means the small
image or picture of oneself, as seen in the eye of another person.

Waugh. . Aw've a drum an' a trampet for Dick ;

*859' AwVe a yard o' blue ribbon for Sal ;

Aw've a book full o' babs ; an' a stick
An' some 'bacco an' pipes for mysel.

Lane. Songs : Come IVhoam to thi Childer.

BACKBOTE, pt. t of backbite. See Bote.

Waugh. They natter't, an' braw'lt, an' hackboie ; and played

^^^5- one another o' maks o' ill-contrive't tricks.

Barrel Organ ^ p. 15.

BACKEND, sb, the latter part of the year. Also applied occa-
sionally to the after part of any period, as a week or a month.

J. p. Morris. I'ge gadn \k leelLv mft spot [situation] this back-end.

^^^ Furness Glossary^ p. 6.

^J"^"- "Aw say, Dan," said Ben, addressing the old

^ ^ fiddler, * * thae'll remember that greight wynt-storm

'at happen't i'th' last back-end:'

Yeth'Bobs and ScaplinSy c. iii., p 45.

BACKSET, sb. something to fall back upon ; a support or supporter.

Coll. Usb. i. Hoo's noan so badly off; hoo's a bit ov a back'

'875. set i' th Bank.

1. Feight him, Jim ; aw'U bi thi backset.

BACKSIDE, sb, the court-yard or ground at the back of a house.

Coll. Use. He used t' sit smookin' of a neet at th' backside^

'75. among his bits o' posies.

BADGER, sb» the keeper of a small provision shop ; also, in North
Lane, a travelling dealer in butter, eggs, etc. "There can be
little doubt," says Mr. Wedgwood, "that E. badf^er, whether in
the sense of a corn-dealer or of the quadruped, is directly de-
scended from the Fr. bladier, a corn-dealer."

Waugh. Eawr Alick keeps a badger'' s shop.

^^^' Lane, ^Qng% : Eaiur Folk.

22 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Ramsbottom. For th' badgers soon began to show

^^4* They knew they'd weary toimes to pass ;

They manisht t' let us wortchers know
They'd nobbut sell for ready brass.

Lane. Rhymes : Takin^ Stock, p. 46.

BADLY, adj\ unwell, sickly.

Coll. Use. «« Heaw's Ailse ?"

"^75- " Badly, badly; hoo's noan lung for this world."

BAG, sb, a discharge from employment. Cf. " to get the sack J'

Waugh. <*He geet th' bag for that," said Ben. " Sarve

^^70- him reet," replied the fiddler. **But he never wur

very breet." — Yeth Bobs, c. i., p. 26.

I|iD. Here : I'll ha' this job settle't afore thou comes out

75' o' that seek [sack]. I've gan thee th' bag mony a

time, but thou's taen it thisel' at last.

Old Cronies, c. iv., p. 48.

BAG, V, to discharge from work.

Coll. Use. He'll bag thi, as sure as thae'r wick, if thae comes

^^75- late again.

BAGGIN*, sb. an afternoon meal, originally carried in a bag.

Collier. Meh deme's gon fro whoam, an hoo'll naw cum

^750* agen till ^fl^^V-time. Works, ip. ^i,

Bamford. In the afternoon, oatcake and cheese, or butter, or

'850. oatcake and buttermilk, sufficed for bagging.

Ed, of Tim Bobbin : Intro, p. ix.

Waugh. They [two weavers] had come out of their looms

^^57* to spend their ** ^fl!^/«'-time" in the open air, and

were humming one of their favourite songs.

Lane. Sketches, p. 51.

I^JP- One day, as aw vnir busy i'th kitchen, makin'

' ^' some cakes for th' baggin\ in comes Owd Plunge.

Owd Blanket, c. iii., p. 64.

BAIGLE, sb, Pron. oi beagle, the dog with which the hare is hunted.
The word, however, is much used figuratively, as in the common
expression, **Thae*rt a bonny baigle^' wheje the phrase is applied
to anybody who is startlingly kenspeckle, or curious, or out of
the ordinary way, in dress or person.

Waugh. <« Well, thae'rt a bonny baigle, owd mon," said

^^*^S. Enoch, laughing.

** Baigle !" replied Twitchel ; "feel at mo I Aw
met ha' bin in a traycle-tub I "

Besom Ben, c. v., p. 56.

BAIN (N. Lane), adv. near, adjacent, convenient. Icel. beinn,
direct ; beint, straight.

Anon. Yff ye wyll oghtte that we kanne doo.

About 1350. Ye thar bot [need only] commande hus [us] thertoo,

And hafie your servandes beyn.

Sir Amadas, in Weber^s Metrical
Romances, iii. 364 ; 1. 512.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 23

1860. Bane ta Claapam town>end lived an aud Yorkshire

tike. — Ball, and Songs of Yorkshire^ p. 160.

A. C Gibson. On my objecting to quit the smoother and shorter

**^ road for the longer and rougher, he persisted, ** It

may bee as yee say, beeath t* better an t* bainer^ bit
nowte wad hire me to teeak t' rooad ooer Oxenfell at
this hour o* t' neet." — Folk-Speech of Cumberland:
Ex. of Dialect of High Fumess, Lancashire, p. 90.

BAK-BREDE, sh. a broad thin board, with a handle, used in
riddling out the dough of oatcakes before they are put on the
spittle^ and turned down on the bak-stone, A.S. bacan^ to bake,
and bred^ a board.

«

BAKIN'-SPITTLE, ) sb. a peculiar shovel, made of wood, generally
BACK-SPITTLE, j shod with iron, used in baking oatcakes.
Spittle is here a diminutive of spade ; see Spade in Wedgwood.

B. Brierlky. An owd oak back-spittle he slung by his side.

^^^7- Marlocks of Merriton, p. 53.

Waugh. Aw'm dampish abeawt th' legs wi' wadin' through

1868. th' weet moor ; but o' tother's as dry as a bakin' -spittle.

Sneck-Bant^ c. i., p. 7.

BAKSTER, sb. a baker.

West Mid. Dialect.' Bochers, bladsmythis, baxters zmovig<^.

About 1360. Qg^f Hystoriale of Troy, 1. 1592.

Langland. Brewesteres and bakesteres, bocheres and cokes.

'^^^* Piers Plowman, b. iii. 79.

BAKSTON, sb, a plate, stone, or slate for baking upon.

Waugh. This oatcake is baked upon a peculiar kind of stone

1869. slab, called a back-stone, and the cry of ** Havercake
backstones^^ is a familiar sound in Rochdale and the
villages round it, at this day.

Lane, Sketches, p. 129.

BALDER (Burnley and Cliviger), v. to break stones on the road.
BALDERER, sb, a stonebreaker. See above.

BANDIN', \

BANDT,

BANT,

sb. a cord or string ; also a belt. From A.S. bcend,
a band.

Waugh. " Howd fast, good bally-^a«/ / " cried Ben, gazing

^ ^' up and clasping his hands. ** Howd fast ! Iv thae

gi's way, aw*m done for ! "

Besom Ben, c. ii., p. 23.

^** 18*75!^^^* '• ^^* g^*^^'* ^ ^^^ o' bandin' abeawt thi? Mi

shoon han comn unteed.

2. Si tho ! yon horse's \ii}\y-bandt wants tightenin*.

BANDY-CAD (Mid Lane), \ sb. a game played with a nurr and
BANDY-GAD (S. E. Lane), ) crooked stick ; also called shinty.
Much the same as the hockey of the South of Et\^\axid. Band^

24 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

is to strike from side to side. See Bandy in Wedgwood. Cad
is the same as cat in the game of tip-cat ; it simply means a cut
bit of wood or fragment of wood ; cf. W. cat^ a piece ; cwtan,
to cut. See Cut in Wedgwood.

R. CoTGRAVE. «« Bander^ to bend a bow ; . . . . also, to bandie^

^^^* at tennis." "Jouer k bander et ft racier centre, to

bandy against, at tennis ; and, by metaphor, to pursue
with all insolency, rigour, extremity." — French Did,

BANDYHEWIT, sh. a sarcastic or contemptuous name for a dog.
It means bandy-houghed, crooked or bending in the houghs.
Brockett has " heuk-bane, the hucklebone."

Collier. I'd o' mind t' cheeot (God forgi' meh) on sell him

^750- meh sheep-cur for o bandy hewit : tho' I no moor

knew, in th* mou in th' moon, whot a bandykezvit
wur. Works^ p. 47.

BANG, V, to excel, to surpass. Icel. bang^ a hammering ; banga, to
beat.

^^'^\^K™' ^^'"^^ ^^^S"d the French, aye, out an out,

An duin the thing complete.

Cumb. Ballads^ First Series, p. 168.

Coll. Use. Well, that bangs o' 'at ever aw seed i' mi life.

1875.

BANGBEGGAR, sb. a name for a person who kept ofif noisy in-
truders during church time. From bang^ to beat.

Waugh. Just then owd Pudge, th' bangbeggar, coom runniri'

'^^5- into th' pew, an' he fot Dick a souse at back o' th' yed

wi' his silver-nobbed ^^o-w.— Barrel Organ, p. 29.

BANNOCK, I sb, an oatmeal ca\e. Gael, bonnack^

BUNNOCK (Mid. Lane), J the same.

Burns. Bannocks o' bear meal,

''So- Bannocks o' barley,

Here's to the Hielandman's
Bannocks o' barley.

Songs : Bannocks 0' Barley,

E. Kirk. Bunnock is a common term in North Lancashire

^^75« for a small cake, the principal ingredients of which

are oatmeal and treacle. The cakes vary in size from
two to four inches in diameter, and are not, I think,
identical with the Scotch bannock. — Local Notes and
Queries, 692, M, Guardian, March 22.

BANSIL,

BANSELL,

BENSIL (Goosnargh and Lonsdale), ,

V. to beat. Cf. Du. bons^ a
bounce, thump ; bonzen^ to
thump. Cf. bang.

Coll. Use. Aw'Il bansell thi hide for thi, if thae'rt not off.

1875.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 25

BANT, sb, vigour, strength.

B. Brierlby. He*re sure to gallop when he should ha* walked, an

^^^7- get to th' end of his bant in no time.

Ii€d Windows Hall^ c. xiv., p. 107.

1875. He's good for nowt : there's no bant in him : he

can noather eyt [eat] nor wark.

BANT, V, to manage, to achieve, to conquer. As : " Con to bant
it f ' ( -^ Canst thou achieve it ?) " Conto bant him V\= Canst
thou conquer him ?)

Waugh. They keepen tryin.' .... They keepen comin' to

*^7** th' edge of a scar, where they can see no fur [further),

an' then they han to turn back, an' start again. It's
my belief, owd lad, 'at they'n never bant it.

Chimney Corner: Manch, Critic^ March 7, 1874.

^1'°' " Nay," cried Craddy ; ** I've done very weel I I

' '^ couldn't bant another smite ! '*

Owd Cronies^ c. iii. p. 36.

BANYAN -DAY, sb. the day when the week's odds-and-ends are
eaten up. At Goosnargh, pronounced Banny-ann-day.

Daily News. Jack Mooring; a Trafalgar man, age 93. " On the

^^7'*' important question of victualling the ships, Jack has

no doubt whatever that the present generation have
made advances upon the practice of their grand-
fathers. In his time * there were often six upon four
aboard ship, and two banyan days in a week,' which,
being translated, is, the rations for four men were
served out amongst six, in addition to which, on two
days out of the week, no rations were served out at
all." — Correspondents Letter from Haslar Hospital^
Portsmouth^ March 17, 1874.

BARFOOT, adj. barefoot. A.S. btzrfdt.

Before Chaucer. Barfoot and ungert Gamelyn in cam.

^^°"' '350. fj^j^g^ 'j^^ig^ 215.

About 1400. In sumer ge habbeS leave barfot gan and sittan.

Reliquice Antiques^ vol. ii , p. 3.

Waugh. "Aye, aye, Sam," said Jone, ^^ barfoot folk

'^74- shouldn't walk upo' prickles." **It just depends,"

replied Sam, "whether they liken it or not."

Chimney Corner: Manch. Critic^ March 14, 1874.

Note. In North Lancashire, the phrase ''^barfoot feet" is

'^^5* used; and the term ^^ barfoot clogs" is applied to

clogs without irons, which are regarded as a token of
the wearer's poverty.

BART HAM, ) sb. a horse-collar. A.S. beorgan, to pro-

BARKHAM (Cliviger), | tect, and Eng. hanies. It means a

protection against the hames; also used in the form haviberwe^

or hamborough. See Hames in Wedgwood, and Barkhaam,

in Brockett.

26 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

BARKEN'D (Lancaster), p, part, caked, encrusted. Icel. borkr^

E. bark, i.e. of a tree, etc. Cf. bark, to form a crust, in Hamlet^

act i, sc. 5, 1. 71.

Coll. Usa. Eh I tRae art mucky ; it's fsaur barkened on thi.

1875.

BARKL*T, p. part, applied to hair upon which dirt has hardened ;
also to a wound when the blood has hardened upon it. See
Barken' D ante.

BARLEY, \ V. to bespeak, to lay claim to; generally used by
BALLA, J children. The phrase balia me is exactly the French
baillez moi.

Coll. Use. Balla me th* apples.

1875-

BARM, sb. the bosom. A.S. bearm, bosom ; Goth, barms, a lap,
bosom ; Icel. barmr, border, edge, lap, bosom ; Swed. barm.

Anglo-Saxon Gospels. G6d gemet and full, and geheapod and ofer-

995- flowende hig sylla]) on eowerae bearm. [= Good

measure and full, heaped and overflowing, they shall
give into your bosom.] Luke vi. 38.

Robert Mannvng. Befyl hyt so vp-on a day

^3°^* ))at pore men sate yn ])e way,

And spred here hatren [clothes] on here barme
A3ens ])e sonne }>at was warrae.

Handlying Synne, I. 5581.

132a For SCO rad, ]>at moder mild

And in hir barm sco ledd hir child.

Cursor Mundi (Cotton MS.), 1. 11 601.

West Mid. Dial. (Lanc) Aslyttel barne3 on barme ]>at neuer bale wro5t.*

^377 Allit. Poems, C. 1. 510.

Chaucer. ^^d slepyng in hir barm upon a day

'3 °* Sche made to clyppe or schere his heres away.

The Monkes Tale, \, 'jS.

Gawin Douglas. Zephyrus comfortabill Inspiratioun

1513 Fortill ressaue law in hyr barm adoun.

Prologue Eneid, book xii., 1. 75.

BARMSKIN, sb. a leather apron. From barm, the lap, and skin.
The A.S. word was barmcla}^, barm-cloth.

1440. Barnyskyn, barme skyn, melotes, melota.

Prompt. Parv.

John Collier. "Neawlads," sed Hal, "mind yer hits: I'll lap

^7SO' meh bonds eh meh barmskin ot hoo cannah scrat

meh." Works, p. 45.

BARN, sb. a child. A.S. beam, M.R bem, barn, from A.S. beran,
to bear.

Anglo-Saxon Gospels. fisse worulde beam s3Tid gleawran ]>isses leohtes

995* bearnum. [= The children of this world are wiser

than the children of this light.] Luke xvi. 8

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

27

2373.

2330.

Of qwom that blisfulle barne in Bedelem was bom.

E. Eng. Met, Rom, A. xvili.

JHs ilk stern }>am come to warn
Apon }>at mont in forme o barriy
And bar on it liknes of croice.

Cursor Mundi (Cotton MS.), 1. II417.

And was a big bold barn and breme of his age.

Spec, of E. English^ 1. 18.

Many wyves, for woo, of ])ere wit past.
And ])ere barnes on brest here in ))ere armes,
Hyd horn in houles.

Gest Hystoriale of Troy, 1. 8143.
Wbst.Mid.^Dial. (Lane.). We leuen on marye ])at a grace of grewe

pat ber a barne of vyrgyn flour.

A//if. Poems, A. 1. 426.

Good-lucke (and *t be thy will) what have we heere?
Mercy on's, a barne ; a very pretty barne ! A boy
or a child, I wonder ?

JVinter*s Tale, act iii., so. 3, 1. 69. .

William of Palsrnb.
1350-

West Mid. Dialect.
About X360.

1377-

Shakspbrb.
x6xi.

John Collier.
1750.

J. P. Morris.
1867.

It lawmt [= lamed] th* barn ot wur ith' keather.

Works, p. 66.

Peggy Wilson was lettin her lile barn sowk when
she heard on't ; an i' her horry she shov'd t* barn
int'l an aid brek ubben. — T^ Siege 0* BrouUon, p. 5.

About 130a

Philemon Hollanow
1600.

BARN'S-LAKINS, n, children's playthings. Icel. bama-leikr, a
child's play ; from Icel. barn, a child ; and leikr, a game. Icel.
leika^ to play ; Sw. leka, Moeso-Goth, laikan, to play. But the
word is also A.S. ; cf. A.S. bearn^ a child ; Ice! can, to play ; Idc^
a game.

BARROW-HOG, sb, a male swine. A.S. bearh, Mid. E. barh.

He wile of bore wurchen bareg.

Owl and Nightingale, 1. 408.

I mean no other swine but such as feed and root in
the field : among which the female, especially a guelt
that never farrowed, is more effectual than a (tame)
bore, barrow-hog, or a breeding sow.

Pltnie, b. xxviii., c. 9.

BASH, adj. shy, bashful. From O. Fr. esbahir. The word is used
as a verb by the older writers.

Thes thingis herynge we dredden, and oure herte
bashede. Joshua \\, 1 1.

I wende no Bretouns walde bee basschede for so
ly ttille. Morte A rthure, 1. 2121.

Because they bashed them at Berwick, that boldeth
them the more.

Ballads and Songs of Lane, p. 23
(The Flodden Field).

Are you not ashamed, and bash you not to broach
and set abroad, in the view and face of the world,
such mockeries of religion ? Liviui^ ^, "^ao.

Wiclif.
1380.

SirT. Malory.
1469,

About 1515.

FuiLBMON Holland.
i6oOb

28 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

EASIER, sb. the auricula. F. C. H., in Notes and Queries (third
series, il 305), says: ** It seems probable that basier was origi-
nally beat's ear^ the usual name for the auricula in the eastern
counties; a name founded no doubt upon the resemblance of
the leaf to an ear, which gave occasion to the botanical name of
auricula.

^ Our flocks they're all folded, and young lambs sweetly

do play,
And the basier s are sweet in the morning of May.

Ballads and Songs 0/ Lane. {M2iy Sang,
by a Swinton Man), p. 88.

BASS, sb, iron pyrites or shale, found in coal ; coal which will not
burn.

Coll. Use. That coal's nowt but bass. .

1875-

BASTE, V. to beat, to whip or thrash. Swed. bosta, to thump.
Icel. beysta, to beat, to thrash, to belabour.

Butler. We whilom left the captiv'd knight

1663. ^jj^j pensive squire both bruised in body

And conjured into safe custody,
Tir'd with dispute and talking Latin
As well as basting and bull-baiting.

HudibraSf part ii., canto i., 1. 32.

Coll. Use. Thae'Ut get a rare bastin\ mi lad, when thae gets

^875- whoam.

BAT, sb. a child's shoe, made without a welt.

BAT, sb, (i) speed or force ; (2) fashion, way, or manner ; (3) a blow.
A.S. and Gael bat, a bat ; an imitation of the sound of a blow.
Cf M.E. batte, to strike, beat ; " Battede hem on the bakkes"
(Piers Plowman, A. iii. 192).

Mark Lonsdale. For at yae batt he fell'd me flat.

'78o- Cumb. Baliads, 277.

About 1450. Glad to please you to pay, lest any bats [blows] begin.

Ballads and Songs of Lane., p. 5. (From
MS. vol. Chetham Lib.)

Waugh. I. Speed or force : —

^2^8- " By th' mon," said he, as he tum't his collar

up and cruttle't into th' nook, '*it*s [rain's] comin'
deawn full ^a/." Sneck-Bant, c. ii., p. 35.

I|5^* 2. Fashion, way, or manner : —

^^^^' " How's Billy Kettle gettin' on, Ben ? " *' Oh,

abeawt th' owd bat. As greedy as ever."

Sneck'Bant, c. ii., p. 34.
B. Brikrley. 3. A blow : —

'^' Aw up wi my fist an gan her a bat between th'

een. Red Winaows Hall, c. iv., p. 25.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 29

BATCH-CAKE, sb, a small cake made out of a batch of dough
intended for ordinary bread. Batch is from Mid. E. kikm^
A.S. bacan, to bake. Cake is Icel. kaka, £. cake or cate.

3wA.TE, V, to abate, to lessen, to take something from, to deduct, to
diminish, to keep back part of a payment. O. Fr. battre^ to beat
or break down.

Shakespere. Falstaff: Bardolph, am I not fallen away vilely

'S98. since this last action ? Do I not bate f Do I not

dwindle ? Why, my skin hangs about me like an old
lady's loose gown ; I am withered like an old apple-
John. /. King Hen, Fourth^ iii. 3, 1. i.

iBro. Ariel I0 Prospero. Thou didst promise

*^*3' To bate me a full year. Tempest, i. 2, 1. 249.

[See also : Rather than she will bate one breath,
Mtdch Ado, ii. 3 ; Bid the main flood bate his usual
height, Mer. of Venice, iv. I, 1. 7^ ; I will not bate
thee a scruple, AWs Well, ii. 3, 1. 234; Who bates
mine honour shall not know my coin, Timon of Ath.
iii. 3, 1. 26 ; Neither will they bate one jot of cere-
mony, Corio, ii. 2, 1. 144.]

I argue not
MiLTOif. Against Heaven's hand or will, nor bate a jot

^^5°* Of heart or hope ; but still bear up and steer

Right inward. Sonnet -xxCx, To Cyriac Skinner. •

And, lest some thorn should pierce thy tender foot,
Or thou should'st fall in flying my pursuit I
To sharp uneven ways thy steps decline ;
Abate thy speed, and I will bate of mine.

Ovid Met. b. i.

Dryden.
1700.

Coll. Use. Well, what'n yo hate ? Aw*st noan gie that mich,

^ ^^' as heaw it is.

^ATE, V, to start from a certain place ; used in games.

Coll. Use. Wheer did he bate from ?

1875.

BATMAKER, sb. a maker of children's shoes.

',849. ' When about twelve years of age I went to learn the

trade of a batmaker ; that is, a maker of children's
smaller leather shoes.

Botanical Guide to Manch. Plants, p. iv.

BATTER, sb, a woman employed in beating raw cotton to clean it.
The operation is now generally done by machinery. See Bat, a
blow.

CoLu Use. «« Who wur it?" «* One o» thoose batters at th'

'^75. finemiU."

BATTIN, sb, a bundle of straw.

Coll. Use. Heaw much a battin, mestur ?

1875.

30 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

■RATTRILL, sb, a short staff; a batting staff used by laundresses-
Shakspere uses batlet^ As You Like It^ ii. 4, 49. Formed fronra
A.S. bat^ by addition of the suffixes -er and -^/, ^k^t pickerel hovcm
pike,

BAUTERT, p. part applied to hair upon which dirt has hardened.
See Barkl't. The same as the Northampt bolter, to clot, form
into lumps, coagulate ; blood-boltered means clotted with blood.
Cf. Du. bull, a bunch, boss, knob.

Shakspere. For the hloo^'boltered Banquo smiles upon me.

'^'°* Macbeth^ act iv., sc. i., 1. 122.

BAUKS, shpL as sb, sing,, a hayloft. For balks; from A.S. balca,
2l beam. The use of the plural is easily explained ; the loft
would be between the balks or rafters. Chaucer has the very
phrase, "in the balkes^^ for " among the rafters'* (C 71 3626).

BAUKS, sb, pi, obstacles, discouragements, disappointments. For
balks. Balk has the successive senses of beam, partition, ob-
stacle.

John Collier. We geet up whot we cou'd, an I eet it snap, for

'^so- beleemy Meary l*re so keen-bitt'n I mede no bawks

at o heyseed. [= We got up what we could, and I
- ate it quickly, for, believe me, Mary, I was so hungry
I did not hesitate at all at the hayseed (i e., that
covered the food).] IVorks, p. 68.

W^uGH. He made no moor baivks at th' job, but set tone

^ ^^* foot onto th' top-bar, an' up he went into th* smudge-

hole.

Lane, Sketches : -Ramble Bury to Rochdale, p. 28.

BAWSANT, adj, streaked with white on the face, like a badger.
O. Fr. bauqant, a horse marked with white. Bas Breton, bal;
W. bal, a white mark on the face of animals. Prompt. Parv.
« Bawstone or bawsone, or a gray, Taxus, melota.^^

"EE^prep. by. A.S. and Mid. E. be, bi,

Hampole. Thai may defende tham be na ways. — P, of C, 5359.

1340.

Sothely 3>ay sail joye nowe be in-3ettynge of grace,

and in tym to come be syghte of joye.

Prose Treatises, p. 4.

Ibid.

Coll. Use. Nay, thae mun goo wi me; awst noan tak that

^^75- gate be mysell.

BEAR, sb, a doormat.

BEARIN*, pres, part going towards.

Coll. Use. He'r bearin^ towart th* Whoite Moss, when aw

^^75. met him.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY,

31

BEARIN', sb, a weaver's burden; usually applied to the week's
work when taken back to the employer.

Coll. Use. He'd his week's bearifC npo* his shoother.

1875.

!BEAWN,/ar/. Pron. oiboun or bown, (i) Prepared, destined, set-
ting out, going; (2) compelled; (3) about to. Icel. biiinn, pre-
pared, ready, p. p. of bHa^ to prepare. Mid. E. bowne.

But to seme the pore folke he was fulle howne,

E. Eng. Met. Rom, A. xxvii.

** Wy stonde 3e ydel ])ise daye3 lonjjfe."
))ay sayden her hyre [= hire, wages] wat3 nawhere
boun. Allit. Poems, A. 532.

ffor-thi they busked theme bownne with baners
displavede.

'Morte Arthure (E. Eng. Text Soc), 1. 1633.

And euery knyght vpone his hors3 *s boun.

Lancelot of the Laik^ 1036.

1273.

West Mid. Dial. XLanc.)
136a

1440.

1490.

Bamfoso.

1843.

Waugh..
1865.

Ibid.
1869.

Ibid.

Th* owd lad 'wok« within his yerth,

An' sed, ** Wheer arto* beawn?" — Poems, p. 80.

** They're just beawn to tak it io," replid the land-
lord. Besom Ben, c. viii., p. 93.

" ArtnHo beawn to ha* some bacon?"

Sneck-Bant, c. i., p. 13.

"Arto for flittin ? or thae'rt beawn to a rushbearin
somewheer?" Ibid., c. iv., p. 71.

BEAWT. /r<?/. pron. of bout^ without, unless. A.S. biktan^ without

And waes dead butan beamum. [= And was dead
(died) without children.] Luke xx. 29.

And as bliue, bouie bod, he braydes to ]>e queue,
And hent hire so hetterly to haue hire a-strangeled.

William of Palerne, 1. 150.
West-Mid. JJ^Jalect (Lane.) To wham god hade geuen alle ]>at gayn were,

Alle ])e blysse boute blame J>at bode my3t haue.

Allit, PoemSf b. 259.

Anglo-Saxon Gospels.
995.

William of Palerne.
1350.

1360.

About x8x6.

Wauoh.

1857.

He said, ** Yore overpaid last toime ot yo coom."
Aw said, "If aw wur, 'twur wi wayving beawt
loom. Ballads and Songs of Lane., p. 171.

Mary. Well let's ha't; an' mind to tell no lies
abeawt th' ladi' thy talk.

Jone. Bith mon, Mary, aw connut do, Beawt aw
say at he's oather a pretty un or a good un.

Lane. Sketches, p. 28.

BEAWLT'NT, /. /. bowled.

Collier. They order't wheel-barrow with spon-new trindle

t* be fotcht 'Twur dun, an' they beawlfnt him away
to th' urchon in a crack.

Works: Introduction^^ Taawm,

1750.

32 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY,

BECK (North Lane), sb. a small stream. Icel. helzkr ; Swed. back^
a stream. Cf. Ger. bach^ a brook.

x440k Bcky watyr, rendylle. Rivulus, torrens.

Prompt. Pafv.
— When moor or moss do saffron yield,

And beck and sike run down with honey.

Ballads and Songs of Lane, p. 31 .

(I have) watched
SouTHKY. The beck roll glittering to the noon-tide sun,

1795- And listened to its ceaseless murmuring.

Joan of Arc, i. 235.

BECK-BIBBY (Fumess), sb. the water-ousel. See Beck. For bibby
cf. Lat bibOy to drink, and Mid. E. bibble, to sip, to tipple.

BEEANY-PRICK (Fumess), sb. a stickleback ; so called from its
prickly spines. Beeany = bony.

BEEAS, sb. beasts, cattle. The plural of beast, formed by dropping
the /, the plural s not having been suffixed.

A. C Gibson. Dunnot ye kna 'at t* farmers ma's t' brackens i' t'

^868. back-end, ut bed th6r beeas^s wi' ?

Folk-Speech of Cumberland : Example of JDialect
of High Furness, Lancashire, p. 69.

BEE-BO, sb. sleep ; used only to a child.

Coll. Use. i. Hush-a be-boy mi little darlin'.

^^' 2. Come, thae mun goo to be-bo neaw ; it's lung

past thi toime.

BEEN, adj. nimble, active, lithe. Icel. beinn, direct ; Sc. bain.
Prompt. Parv. " Beyn^ or plyaunte, flexibilis.'' Comp. Mid. E.
haytiy ready. " So bayn wer thay bothe two his bone for to
wyrk," (E. E. AUit Poems, C, 1. 136).

BEEST,

BEESTINS,

BEEAS-MILK (N. Lane.) J

sb. the first milk after calving. A.S.
by stingy the same; from A.S. beost^ the
same. Cf. Ger. biest-mikh.

1440. Beestnynge mylke. Prompt. Parv.

Ben Jonson. So may the first of all our fells be thine

^^^5* And both the beestning of our goats and kine.

To Pan, Hymn 4.

Philemon Holland. a cow hath no milke ordinarily, before that shee

* hath calved. The first milke that shee giveth downe,

is called beestins , which, unless it be delaied with

some water, will soone tume to be as hard as pumish

stone. PliniCy b. ii., c. 12.

Gaskell. Beeost and beestins are yet, as among our Anglo-

*^^ Saxon forefathers, used to denote the first mQk which

is given by a cow after calving.

Led. Lane. Dialect^ p. 17.

Coll. Use. It's as thick as beestins.

1875.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

33

BEET, V, to kindle or amend the fire. A.S. befan, to amend, to
better ; also, to kindle a fire. Comp. Sc. beet^ to kindle. From
the root of better,

})a het he Htan ])aer-inne mycel ff r, for)>on hit waes
ceald weder. [= Then commanded he to kindle
therein a great fire, because it was cold weather.]
Tr, of Orosius, bk. vi. cap. 32 ; ed. Bosworth.

Wyth blys and bry3t fyr bette.

Sir Gawayne &» G. K.^ 1. 1368.

The fourth statute, To purchase ever to here,

And stiren folke to love, and bften fire

On Venus awter. Court of Love ^ 1. 323.

Quyl I fete sum quat fat ]>on ]>e fyr bete,
[While I fetch some vessel do thou the fire kindle,
or mend ] Allit, Poems, B, 1. 637.

And on their auter, wher I ryde or go,
1 wol do sacrifice, and fyres beete.

Knightes Tale, 1. 1 394.

Yokes, forks, and such other let bailiff sp^ out,
And gather the same as he walketh about ;
And after, at leisure, let this be his hire,
To beath them and trim them at home by the fire.

December Husbandrie.

Or noble Elgin beets the heav'nward flame.

Cotter's Sat, Ml. 113.

It beets me, it beets me.
And sets me a' in flame.

£p. to Davie, a Brother Poet, 1. in.

King Alfred.
880.

West-Mid. Dial. (Lane.)
X320.

About Z350.

West-Mid. Dial. (Lane.)
1360.

Chaucbr.
1380.

TUSSBR.

1580.

Burns.

1786.

Ibid.

John Scholes.
1857.

Coll. Use.
1875.

Then aw beetud fire, un rattl't fire-potter ogen't
back o'th grate. Jaunt to See th' Queen, p. 1 4

1 (To kindle). Tha mun get up an' beet t* fire
to-mom.

2 (To trim or amend). Come, stir about — beet up
th' fire, and make tbmgs tidy.

BEETINS, sb,pl, short lengths of yarn, used by weavers to piece up
broken ends^in a warp. Possibly for beetings, i.e. mendings; from
Mid. E. bete, to mend.

BEETLE, sb. a large wooden hammer, with more handles than one.
The phrase "^<?^//<?- finish*' is applied to cloth in the bleaching of
which a large hammer is used. A.S. betel, bytl, a mallet \ from
bat Properly a diminutive, but generally used when the instru-
ment is of large size.

995- In the A.S. translation of Judges iv. 21, it is said

that Jael smote Sisera by driving the tent-peg ** mid
anum bytle,'"* with a mallet.

S»AKESPERB. Chief Justice: Fare you well. Commend mee to

*^°°' my cosin Westmerland. \Exit.

Falstaff: If I do, fillop me with a three-man-^«//e'.
Second Pari K. Henrv I V.y \. a , t^*^.

34 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY,

[Nares (1822) says a three-man-beetk was one so
heavy that it required three men to manage it.]

Beaumont & F. Have I lived thus long to be knocked o' th' head

'610. With half a washing-?if^//if ?— Tamer Tamed, ii. 5.

BEE'TLTN*-STEAN (Fumess), sb. Pron. of heetling-%tont \ a stone
upon which clothes are beetled or beaten.

BEET-NEED, \ sb. a help that may be had at will.

BOOT-NEED (Mid. Lane.) I A.S. bot, a remedy, boot; from A.S.
bet, better ; betan, to make better, to amend. See Beet.

BEGGAR-BERM, sd, barm of the poorest kind, given away to those
who beg barm, because it is hardly good enough to sell. The
word is commonly applied to anything worthless, especially to
worthless talk.

Waugh. «*I don*t believe i' none sich like things." said the

^^74. landlord. "It's o' beggar-berm an' bull-scutter."

Chimney Corner : Manch. Critic y May 31, 1873.

BEGGAR-INKLE, sh, a coarse narrow tape, hawked by beggars.

Of inkle^ Wedgwood says : Fr. ligneul^ lignol, strong thread \

O.E. liniolf, Lynyolf or inniolf, threde to sow with schone or

botys; indula, licinium (Prompt. Parv.). The loss of the initial

/, of which we have here an example, would convert lingle into

ingle or inkle,

Shakesperb. Hee [Autolycus] hath ribbons of all the colours

'^^'* i'th rainebow ; . . . inckles, caddysses, cambrickes,

lawnes. Winter"* s Tale, iv. 4, 205.

[Also : *' What's the price of this yncleV L. L,
Lost, iii. I, 139. ** Her inkle, silk, twin with the
rubied cherry." Pericles, v., Chorus ]

BELEAKINS, intj, for " By our ladykin," a diminutive of " By our
* Lady."

Shaksperb. ByW lakin, a parlous fear.

'°*^ Mids, N. Dream, iii. I, 14.

Lancashire Author. ** Thou udgit," quo hoo, ** but where dus he dwel ? '*
1548. *■'' Belakin,'^ quo hee, ** but I connau tel."

** Warrikin Fair:^^ Gentleman' s Mag., Sept., 1740.
See also, Ballads and Songs of Lane., p. 52.

BELDER, V. to ma^e a noisy cry, to roar; lit. to bellow. From
A.S. bellan, Icel. belja, to roar.

Coll. Use. Make less noise, mon ; it'll do thi no good to

^^75. bolder loike that.

BELIKE, adv, surely, certainly, probably.

Chaucer. For sche was wilde and yong, and he was old,

'370' And demed himself ^^/j'i a cokewold \i.e., a cuckold.]

Milleres Tale, 1. 40.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

35

AscHB. Whitgift.
iSTa

Sir Thomas North.

Shakspbrb.
1603.

Wordsworth.
1805.

Ibidv

Coll. TJsb.
1875.

I have spoken before, and declared why I do vse it
rather than any other ; I have laboured it, noted it,
I am acquainted with it, and belike^ I red it, before
3rou knew whether there was any such booke or no.

Defence^ p 508.

Moreover he received fourscore milch kine to the
pail, and neatherds to keep them, having need of
cowes milke belike^ to heal a disease that fell upon
him. Plutarch^ p. 252.

Ophelia, What meanes this, my lord ?

Hamlet. Marry this is Miching Malicho, that
meanes mischeefe.

Ophelia, Belike this shew imports the argument
of the play.

Hamlet. We shall know by these fellowes : the
players cannot keep counsell, they'l tell all.

Hamlet^ iii. 2, 146.

[The word belike occurs forty-two times in Shake-
Bpere.J

Some female vendor's scream, belike
The very shrillest of all London cries.

Prelude^ p. 146.

Things that I know not of belike to thee are dear.

^—^^ Pet Lamb.

Thae'rt not gooin' jret belike i

BELIVE, adv. bye-and-bye, quickly. A.S. be^ by, and life, dat. of
tif^ life ; lit. with life.

This noble erl with the Britones ageyn ys fou wente

biliue^
And fagt, and slow faste. P. 162.

pe pore man hente hyt vp belyue^
And was ]>erof ful ferly bly]>e.

Handlyng Synne^ 1. 5619.

He sent hem word by lettres they schulden hye blyve^
Yf they wolde speke with him whil he was on ly ve.

Cokes Tale of Gamely n^ 1. 19.
[See also "ride blyve^*^ Freres Tale, 1. 222 ]

And so bliue doynge down into the erthe the sackis,
eche opnyde. Genesis jMv. 11.

[Authorised Version : Then they speedily look
down every man his sack to the ground, and opened
every man his sack.]

HobbinoL God shield, man, hee should so ill have
thrive,
All for he did his devoyre belive,
Sheapherds Calendar, September, 227.

Robert of Gloucester.
1298.

Robert Mannyng.
1303.

Chaucer.
1380.

Wyclif.
1380.

Spenser.
"579-

Lancashire Author.
1515-

To Skipton in Craven then he come belive.

Ballads and Songs of Lane., p. 21.
(Flodden Field.)

BELL, V. to roar, to cry loudly. A.S. hellan^ to roar.

John Collier. Then th' battril coom, on whether it lawmt [lamed]

th' barn ot wur ith' keather [cradle] I know naw, foi
I laft it rooaring an belling, Works, ^. ^^.

1750.

36 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

BER, sb. force. Icel. byrr, a fair wind. The peculiar sense of the
Mid. E. bur^ impetus, force, is not found in Icelandic.

West. Mid. Dial. (Lane). Such a burre my3t make myn herte blunt.

1377- Allit. Poems, A.l. 176.

Ibid. |)en is better to abyde J>e bur vmbe-stoundes.

Allit, Poems, C, 1. 7.

,^^. Brethly bessomes with byrre in berynes sallies.

Morte Arthur e^ L 3662.

Waugh. a dog sprang from the kennel. Ben sprang for-

1867. ward, right into the fat cook's arms. ..." Thae's

knockt th' breath eawt o' me, welly I'' said the cook.

**Thae'd no need to come i' sich a berl Th' dog

would ha' bitten noan on tho."

Owd Blanket, c. ii. p. 37.

BERM-BO, sh. Pron. of harm hcUL A light pudding, made of
flour, yeast, and suet.

Waugh. The children were all eating a kind of light pud-

*^7' ding, known in Lancashire by the name of berm-bo^

or 3^r»i-dumpling, made of flour, and yeast, mixed
with a little suet.

Home Life Lane. Factory Folk, c^ xix. p. 166.

BERM-YED, sh, Pron. o^ harm-head, App. to a man of confused

thought, and also to one of flighty and excitable mind — frothy,

fitful, and wild. Burns uses it in something of this sense when

he says • My barmy noddle's working prime.

Waugh. Aw'II be bund 'at Enoch's hooked it on in a mis-

^^^' take. Th' berm-yed doesn't know what he's doing

th' tone hauve of his time. — Besom Ben, c. ii., p. 25.

BERRIN', sb, Pron. of burying, a funeral.

Waugh. I' tho dees through it, aw'll bi' fourpence or fippence

"55- toawrd thi' berrin\

Lane. Sketches (Bury to Rochdale), p. 29.

BESSY (Furness), sh, the yellow-hammer, or yellow bunting.
Emberiza citritiella,

BETHINK, V, to call to mind.

Robert of Gloucester. Tho the emperour herde this, he by gan hym hy»
^298- thenche.

And hys wraththe toward the kyng, for drede of the
erl quenche. !*• 58.

Dan Michel. Ri3Uolnesse zayj). ** Yef we longe godes drede and

'340* be-^enchinge of dya))e were stille i ri3t hit is ]>et ]>e

spekinde wel more we by stille."

Sermon on Matthew xxiv. 43, I lOO.

Shaksperb. Othello, If you bethinke your selfe of any crime

160a. Vnreconcil'd as yet to HeaueU; and grace,

Solicite for it straight Othello, v. 2, 26.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

37

fiiSHOP Bbvbridgb.
X700.

Coll. Usb.
1875.

Bethink yourselves beforehand what mercies you
want, for which you should pray unto him.

Works, vol. ii. Ser. 1 45.

Aw've seen him afore, that's sartin; but, for mi
loife, aw conno bethink me wheer.

Z298.

Chaucbs.
1370.

BETHOUGHT, //. t called to recollection. Fl. Bethoughten.

Robert of Gloucestke. And some byihogUy and told wat the bytokne was,

That the dragon of by Weste bytokned the king
Arture. P, 203.

But atte laste his mayster him bythoughte

Upon a day, when he his papyr soughte

Of a proverbe, that saith this same word,

Wei bette is roten appul out of hord

Than that it rote al the remenaunt. Cokes T, 1. 39.

Polonius. What ist, Ophelia, he hath said to you ?
Ophelia, So please you, something touching the

lord Hamlet.
Pol. Marry, well bethought: .

Tis told me he hatifi very oft of late
Giuen priuate time to you.

Hamlet ^ i. 3, 88.

Shakspbrb.
1603.

Coll. Usb.
1875.

1. Hast bethowt thi yet ?

2. Han yo bethowten yoursells ?

EiEZZLE, V, to waste, to squander ; generally applied to drinking.
JProb. a dimin. of E. booze^ to drink freely. Cf. our present
word embezzle, to make away with wrongfully.

O mee ! what odds there seemeth *twixt their chere
And the swolne bezell at an alehouse fyre,
That tonnes in gallons to his bursten paunch
Whose shiny droughts his draught can never staunch.

Satires, Bk. V. Sat. 2.

They that spend their youth in loitering, bezzling,
and harlotting. — Animad. upon Remons. JDef,

Bishop If all.
^597-

Milton.
1641.

John Collibr.
1750.

Ibid.

So I seete on restut meh, on drank meh pint o ele ;
boh as I'r naw greadly sleckt, I cawd for another, on
bezzilt tut, too ; for I'r as droy as soot. — Works, p. 54.

In idd'n made strushion, on bezzilt awey moor brass
inney hadd'n, yo met*n ha tawkt. [= If you had made
destruction and squandered away more money than
you had, you might have talked.] — ^t/r^j", p. 55.

BEZZLER (Fumess), sb, anything very great.

BIB-AN-TUCKER, s3. Primarily, certain parts of dress, but used
figuratively to express the whole costume.

Coll. Usb. i. Wheer's he for ? He*s getten his best bib- an-

'^^' tucker on.

2. Aw put him his best bib-an-tucker on an' went
to look for a place for him.

38

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

BIDDEN-WEDDING (N. Lane), sb. a wedding to which it was
formerly the custom in North Lane, to invite the whole country-
side. From Mid. E. bidde^ to invite. The custom seems to be
alluded to in Piers the Plowman, b. ii. 54, where it says that
a large number of retainers

Were boden to J>e brydale on bothe two sydes,
Of alle maner of men, j'e mene and ]>e riche.

BIDDY, sb. a louse.

BIDE, V, to dwell, to live with ; to endure. Pt. t. bode,

T. Hardy. IVe been with her all through her trembles, and

»874' was with her at the time of Mr. Troy*s death and all.

And if she were to marry again I expect I should

bidt with her. — Far from the Madding Crowds c. 49.

Waugh*
1859.

Ibid.
1875.

**Forgi' ma, lad, do :

For aw'm nobbut a foo, —
An bide wi* mo, neaw, till aw dee ! "
60 we'n bide one another, whatever may come.

Lane. Songs (Jamie's FroUc).

So he gran' an bode^ fro day to day; an' he'd a
deeol to bide, for Nan went wur an' wur.

Old Cronies f v. 52.

BIG, s3, 2l teat, where the "familiar" was said to draw blood from
the body of a witch. From the same root as big and bulge;
applied to the breast, it means that which dulges, Ray has,
" ^/^(?, a pappe or teat Essex,^*

BIGG, V, to build. A.S. byggan, to build, inhabit ; perhaps not a
native word, but taken from Icel. byggja, to build ; from the root
of buuy to prepare. Cf. A.S. buanf to inhabit.

1272.

Ibid.

Robert Mannyng.
1303-

Ibid.

Hampolb.
1340-

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.)
136a

Of box and of barber^, byggyt ful bene.

E, Eng. Met. Rom. A. st.

VI.

1440.

WAUGHf
Z869.

That is batelt aboute, and biggutte fuUe bene.

Ibid. St. lii.

And of Grjrme, a fisshere, men redes git in ryme,
That he bigged Grimesby, Grime that ilk tyme.

Kirkes and houses brent, nouht than wild he spare.
Ther the Inglis had bigged, he mad it wast and bare.

Men ete and drank, shortly to telle,
Ilkan with other, and salde and bought,
And planted, and bygged, and houses wroght.

Fr. ofCA. 4848.

I haf bigged Babiloyne, bur3 al])er-rychest,
Stabled )>er-inne vche a ston in strenk])e of myn armes.

Allit. Foemsy B, 1. 1666.

When erthe appone erthe hase bigged vp his bourris.

Religious Fiecesy p. 95, 1. 1 1.

Then they bigged yon new barn upo* th' knowe.

Lane, Sketches, p. 205.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY, 39

BIGG (Furness), barley. Icel. dyg§y barley,

T. Stagg. An' southy crops o* beans an* ^i^jf.

About 1804. (;^^i^ Ball. p. 221.

BIGGIN, sh. a building. See Bigg. Icel. byggtng^ a habitation ;
from by^gja^ to build.

Uampolb. ])e sevend day byggyns doun sal falle,

^340* And grete castels, and tours with-alle.

Pr. of C 1. 4782.

West Mid. Dial. (Lanc.) I se no hy-gyng nawhere aboute

^360. Alltt, Poems, A, 1. 931.

Waugh. Th' orchart*s gwon ; an th* gardens an o' are gwon ;

^859- nobbut a twothre at's laft o'eranent this l^ig^in.

Waugh : Lanc. Sk, (Grave of Griselhurst
Boggart), p. 205

BILLET, sb, a piece of wood pointed at each end, used in farming.
Fr. billot^ a block ; dim. of bilUy a log , of Celtic origin. Cf.
Irish bille^ a tree-trunk (Brachet). *

BIN, pi. of Be.

Shaksphre. Gower, He, doing so, put forth to seas,

*^°^' Where when men been, there's seldom ease.

Pericles ii. i. 1. 27.

Dr. John Byrom. Folk cry out, *' Hard times," but I never refrard

1804. For 1 ne'er did, nor will, set my heart upo' th' word ;

So *tis all one to me, bin they easy or hard.

Misc. Poems, vol. i. p. 22.

•

BIRK (N. Lanc), sb, a birch tree. A.S. birce; Icel. bjork,

John Barbour. Than byrkis on athyr sid the way,

*375' That young and thik war growand ner,

He knyt to-gidder, on sic maner,
Tha*^ men moucht nocht weill throu thaim rid [ride].

The Bruce^ ed. Jamieson, xi. 394 ;
Edinb. MS. fol. 54.

»44o« He fande the rede knyght lyggand,

Slayne of Percyvelle hande,
Besyde a fyre brynnande

Off byrke and of akke.
Ther brent of birke and of ake
Gret braudes and blake.

Thornton Romances^ p. 30.

BIRL (N. Lanc), v, to pour out Icel. byrla^ to pour out ; bor-
rowed from A.S. byrdian, to give to drink, which from byrel, a
cupbearer.

*272- In holies birlutte thaf the wyne.

Met. Rom, C, st. xlvi. 1 1 4.

'330* And seruanz wur at this bridaie

That birled wm in cupp and schal.

Met. Homilies.^ I. 120.

40 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Wkst-Mid. Dialect (Lane.) We5e wyn in ]na won, wassayll" he cryes.
'3 Swyfte swaynes ful swy])e swepen ]>er-tylle,

Kyppe kowpes in honde kinge3 to seme,
In bry3t bolle3, ful bayn birUn |>ise oj^er,
And vche mon for his mayster maehches alone.

Allit. Poems B, 1508.

Wycua Take thou the cuppe of wyn of this woodnesse fro

'380- myn hond, and thou schal birle thereof to al hethene

men to whom Y schal sende thee. — Jer, xxv. 15.

•

Hall. The olde god of wyne called Baccus birlyng the wyne.

Skelton. (They) Dame Elynour entrete

1508. Tq f^y^i^ jl^gm Qf ^j^g Ijgg^^ j^i ^^ ^ 269.

Coll. Use. Birl out th* beer.

1875.

BISHOP, sb, a pinafore \ a kind of smpck or overall, worn by
children.

Wauoh. Here ; tak him, an' wesh him ; an' put him a clen

"^^ bisj^op on, — Chimney Corner Manch, Critic^ March.

7. 1874.

BISHOPPED, adj\ Said of milk, which whilst on the fire, has been
burnt against the sides of the pan, and received a peculiar and
not altogether pleasant flavour. Grose, in his Provincial Glos-
sary, says : ** Formerly, in days of superstition, whenever a
bishop passed through a town or village, all the inhabitants ran
out to receive his blessing. This frequently caused the milk on
the fire to be left till burnt to the vessel, and gave origin to the
above allusion." Tyndale (see below) seems to point to a more
specious origin of the word, in the rancour of the reformers,
which ascribed every ill that might betide them to the Popish
bishops. Grose's story is obviously an invention.

Tyndale. "When a thing spedeth not well, we borow speach

'530- and say, the bishop hath blessed it, because that

nothing spedeth well that they medle with all. If
the porage be burned* to, or the meate ouer rosted,
we say, the bishop hath put his foote in the potte, or
the bishop hath played the cooke, because the bishops
burn who they lust, and whosoever displeaseth them.

IVorhes, p. i66i

1875. Neaw, Mally, this is too bad ! Th' milk's bishopped

again.

BIT, sb, a short time ; as, " I*m coming in a bit." A.S. bitt, a bit
or bite ; from bltan, to bite.

Waugh. «< Wheer are yo beawn to tay ino too ? " " Thae'U

^* see in a ^//," replied Roddle.

Besom Ben, c. vii. p. 89.

Dr. Barber. Efter a bit I landt at top o' Hasty Gill Brow. I

1870. rested a bit, for I's gittin rayder pufty ye kna.

Furness Folk, p. 3.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

4'

BI'TH, by the.

Waugh.

x868.

They very near poo'd me bith scuft o* th* neck

Sneck'Bant^ c. L, p. 8.

mTSiMllliNS. 1 » f°'- °^ °** = ''y "^^ '^^

Collier.
1750.

Waugh.
1859.

Miss Lahsb.
1865.

Neaw, byth maskins if I be naw fast.

Works^ Intro, xxxv.

He begged that aw*d wed him i* May ;-^
Bith mass J iv he'll let me, aw will.

Lane, Songs' Th' Dule's V this Bonnet.

Humph, beth' mass^ there's olez somebody after thee
for brass. — 'J he Carter's Struggles^ p. 25.

BITH-MON, an oath, frequently used in the form of By-gum ;
which latter, if not a corruption of the word ** God," may be con-
nected with Mid. E. ^ome^ A.S. guma, a man.

Thir't a reet im ; bith"* mon^ arto !

Lane, Sketches (Bury to Rochdale), p. 30.

Beth^ mons, aw '11 tell thi what, Ned, aw dunnot
care heaw soon tha gets a woife.

The Carter^ s Struggles^ P» 25.

"Ay,

Waugh,

1855.

Miss Lahbx.

1865.

Coll. Usk.

1875.

•* Am aw to goo at this time o' neet ?
bith mon^ mun tha'."

BITIN'-ON, sb. a snack or lunch.

John Scholbs.
1857.

Miss Laheb
1865.

Waugh.
1875.

on.

Throddy
Nance." Jaunt to see th" Queen^ p. 19.

Iv tha taks after thi fayther, tha con do wi a boitin^-

Betty 0* yepSj p. 19.

" Please, sir," she said " I was to ask if ye would
have some bread an' cheese for a bitin^-on V* ** For
a what?" ** For a bitin'-on till t' goose is ready."

Jannock, c. ii. p 14.

BITTER-BUMP, sb. the bittern, Botaurus stellaris. The syllable
butnp refers to the booming sound made by it. The Welsh name
is aderyn y bwrnp, the booming bird. " The bittern is now rare
in Britain, owing to drainage. It has a peculiar bellowing cry,
which has obtained for it such English provincial names as
Mire-drum, Bull- of- the -Bog, etc., and many of its appellations
in other languages, as Bitour^ Botur^ BotaurusJ^ (Chambers's
Encyclopaedia, vol. ii.)

Chaucer. And as a bytoure bumbleth in the myre

^386. Sche laid hir mouth unto the water doun.

•* Bewrev me not, thou water, with thi soun,"
Quod scne. Wyf of Bathts2alt^\ vi^.

42 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

•

Sir Thomas Browns. That a biitor maketh that mugient noyse, or as we

1640. Xjtrm it bumping^ by putting its bill into a reed as

most believe, or as Bellonius and Aldrovandus con-
ceive, by putting the same in water or mud, and
after a while retaining the ayr by suddenly excluding
it again, is not so easily made out.

Vulgar Errors, bk. iii. c 27.
Drydbn. Then to the water's brink she laid her head,

170O' ^jj^ ^g ^ bittour bumps within a reed,

** To thee alone, O Lake," she said, ** I tell,
(And as thy queen command thee to conceal.)"

Fables: Chaucer's Wife of Bath's T. (See above.)

Tennyson, Moast loike a butter bump^ fur I 'eei'd um aboot an'

^^^+- aboot. Northern Farmer : Old Style, st. 8.

CoLLWR. Thoose ot connot tell a bitter bump fro a gill-hooter,

ijso* Works : Intro, xxxiv.

BLACKBERN, sb. the blackberry.

BLACK-CLOCK, sb, the cockroach or black-beetle; more com-
monly called twitch-clock. See Clock.

BLACK-LAD MONDAY, sb. The term in Lancashire originated
in the custom at Ashton-under-Lyne of carrying through the
town on Easter Monday the effigy of "the Black Lad," said to
represent a former lord of the manor, who, through a course of
cruelty and oppression, had become obnoxious to his tenants
and dependants. It seems probable that the real origin was
simply the perambulation of the boundaries. See The Black
Knight of Ashton, by W. E. A. Axon. 187 1.

BLACK-OUSEL, sb, the blackbird, Turdus merula,

BLAIN, sb. a little boil A.S. blegen; Mid. E. bl^ine.

BLASH, sb. a sudden flame. A variation of blaze; A.S. blo'ese,

BLASH-BOGGART, sb, a fire-goblin, or flash-goblin ; that is, a
goblin that flashes and diappears. It is more commonly used
figuratively, and is applied to persons who are fiery, wild, or
strange in appearance, either in dress or person.

Waugh. When it geet toaurd Setturday, he wur some dirty

^^^* an tatter't — a gradely blash-boggart I Aw use't to

think he slept among th' coals or else on a shelf
somewheer. SneckrBant, c. IL p. 31.

BLEA (N. Lane), ) adj, livid from cold. The old sense "livid"

BLUA (E. Lane), J is retained in the phrase to "beat black and
blue." Icel. bldry blue ; Mid. E. bla^ blaa, bio. The word is
found in Bled Tarn (there are three small lakes so called ; one

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 43

in Langdale, another in Eskdale, and a third near Watendlath),

and BUa Water, near the south end of Hawes Water. There is

also Bkds, or Blue Things, the lower part of one of the Uils-

water mountains.

Hampolk, He henged on ])e rode tre

^340' Alle bla and blody. — Pricke of Conscience y 1. 5160.

Wbst-Mid. Dial. (Lane.) (The Dead Sea is described as) —

^360. Bio^ blubrande, and blak. — Allit, Poems ^ B., 1. 1017.

Langland. Fyre shal falle, and brenne al to bio askes

i377» ' The houses and the homes of hem that desireth

Yiftes or yeres yives bicause of here offices.

Piers Plowm^t B. 3, 97.

Coll. Use, (E. Lauc) Thy skin's turned blua,

'874-

BLEB, or ]
BLOB,

sb, a bubble; a raised spot or blister on the skin. Blob
is the usage in South Lancashire ; bleb in North Lanca-

shire. Cf. Mid. E. blubber, a. bubble ; and as a verb, to bubble.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) (The Dead Sea is described as)—

'3^* Bio, b/ubrande, and blak, unblythe to neghe

Al/ii. Poems, B , 1. 1017

West Mid. Dial (f North). Till the bloberond blode blend with the rayn.

About 1360. f = Till the bubbling blood blent with the rain.]

Gest HystoriaU of Tray, 1. 7642.

Coll. Use (E. Lane.) He scalded hissel, an' his skin wur a' i' bUbs.

1875. »

BLEFFIN, a block or wedge.

BLEFFIN-YED (i.e. Bleffin-head), sb. a blockhead.

BLETHER, sb, nonsense, emptiness of meaning ; that which is
noisy and senseless. Also, v, to talk nonsense, to chatter.
Icel. bla'Sr, nonsense ; bla^ra, to talk indistinctly.

Burns. But I shall scribble down some blether

^785- Just clean aff-loof. £p, to J Lapraik.

Waugh. He bletherU abeawt religion as iv he'd bin i' full

^' trainin for heaven o' his didiys.— OwdBLf c. iv., p. 89.

B- Brierlky. Aw wouldno' care if Jammie o' Turn's didno know

"°7- on't ; but he'll blethur an' talk abeawt it o' winter,

Marlocks of Merriton, p. 26.

BLETHER-YED sb. (pron. of Blether-head), a noisy babbler.

Coll. Use. Eh ! what a blether-yed thae art : when wilto give

^875. o'er talkin'.

BLINKERT, sb. a person who is blind of one eye ; or that winks
much with his eyes. Cf. Mid. E. blinken, to blink. Archdeacon
Nares has " Blinkardy one who blinks."

Withal. A blinkard alwayes good doth mis.

'^^- DUtionarit^ V- •^^'^-

44 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

CoLLisx. "Humph,** said I, "you understand astrology. I

*7So- perceive.*' *'Eigh,'* replied /^//«>&ar^, ** l*ve studit

it e*er sin I*r fifteen yer owd.'* IVorks^ p. 293.

BLOWPOKE, sb.^ a fat pursy fellow ; generally one who assumes an
air of great importance.

BLUFFIN-YED, sb. (i.e. Bluffin-head). Mr. Waugh thinks this is
a corruption of "muffin-yed," which is more common, and has
some affinity in meaning with bowster-yed (^.z/.), as representing
a person of soft and spongy brains — ^yielding, strengthless, and
flabby. See Bleffin-yed.

BLUN, adj. blind.

BLUND, /. part blinded.

BLUZZ-BOGGART, sb, (Darwen), blindman's-buff.

BO, sb, Pron. of Ball, as beef-bo^ a beef pudding ; Ayster-bOy a pud-
ding made for Easter Sunday ; berm-bo^ a light pudding.

BOBBERSOME, adj. impatient, obtrusive; also, frisky, gay, lively.

Collier. To comparen me to an urchon [hedgehog], ot has

^^so* noather heead nor tele. Is not it like running me

deawn, an a bit too bobbersome 1

V^orks : Intro, xxxviii.

BOBBIN', parf. fishing for eels with a number of worms strung
upon a piece of worsted and tied in a bundle.

BODE, /. part remained, stayed, did abide. A.S. bdd, from bidan.

West Mid. Dial. (? North), He bounet to his batell, bode he no lengur.

About 1360. Qgst HystoriaU of Troy, 1. 6939.

Chaucer. This joly prentys with his mayster bood.

1380. Cokes Tale^ 1-35.

Spenser. So there all day they bode^ till light the sky forsooke.

'589- F, Q. bk. vi c. xi., st. 40.

W^uGH. He determin't to make th' best on't. so he gran an'

* ^^' bode fro* day to day ; aji' he'd a deeol to bide, for Nan

went wur an' wur. — Old Cronies, P- S'*

BODLE, sb. half a farthing.

Burns. I'U wad a boddle,

'785. The Brigs of Ayr ; Auld Bi^ig, 1. 5.

Collier. 1st naw hav one boadle t' spere o meh hoyde silver.

'750- Works, p. 55.

Waugh. **God bless this little lad o* mine !" cried Betty.

1868. "He's worth five hundred theawsan million peawnd

i' guinea-gowd— every yure ov his yed I An aw'U not
bate a bodle noather ! ^^—Sneck-Bant, c. iii. p. 58.

LANCASHIBE GLOSSARY.

45

BOGGART, ) 5^. a spirit, a ghost. Welsh dw^, bwgan, by gel, a
^XJGGART, ) hobgoblin j Gaelic bocan. Spenser and Shakspere
use the word in its shorter form bug or bugge.

Each trembling leafe and whistling wind they heare,
As ghastly bug, does greatly them affeare.

F. Qt bk. ii., c. iii , s. xx.

Hermione, Sir, spare your threats.

The bugge which you would fright me with I seeke.

Winter^ s Tale^ act iii , sc. 2, 1. 93.

[See also Hamlet^ v. 2, a2, "With ho, such busies
and goblins;" T, of S.^ i. 2, an, **Tush, tush, feare
boys with bugs;" and Cymbeline^ v. 3, 51, "The
mortal bugs o°th* field."]

Spenser.
1589.

Shaksprrb.
z6xx.

John Scholbs*
1857.

Collier. On then I'r ill breed [frightened] ogen, for I thowt

^750- rd seen a boggart. Works^ p. 52.

Waugh. When one gets a few miles off any of the populous

'855- towns in Lancashire, many an old wood, many a

lonesome clough, many a quiet stream and ancient
building, is the reputed haunt of some local sprite or
boggart. . . In such places the legends and super-
stitions of the forefathers of Lancashire are cherished
with a tenacity which would hardly be credible to
the inhabitants of great cities in these days. — Lane.
Sketches : " Grave of Grislehurst Boggartj"" p. 198.

When we wur gooin* by Boggart-\io\t Cloof,
Throddy towd us o tale ov o boggart ot us't to haunt
theerabeawts. Ghosts un boggarts ar not hauve us
mich tawkt abeawt neaw us thae us't to be.

yaunt to see th^ Queen^ p. 60.

Then he lookM i' my face, an he said,

*• Has th' boggarts taen houd o' my dad ? '*

Poems and Lane. Songs ^^^ 54.

At that toime ther'n no new-fangled things code
foire engins, an' railway styemers skrikin' away through
th' country, enoo to flay a buggart eawt o' th' greaund.
^ Betty 0' Yeps, p. 6.

^C)GGLE, V. to blunder, to hesitate. See Boggart. Cf. Welsh
bygwl^ to threaten ; bygel, a scarecrow, from bwg^ a spectre.

Bertram — My lord, I do confesse the ring was hers.
King. — You boggle shrewdly, every feather starts you.

Love's Labour Lost^ v. 3, 1. 23 [.

When a sinner is first tempted to the commission
of a more gross and notorious sin, his conscience is apt
to boggle and start at it. Sermons^ vol. i., ser. 10.

Waugh.

Miss Lahbe.
1865.

Shaksperb.
1598.

Archbp: Tillotsok.
1664.

Rev. W. Gaskrll.

1854.

Coll. Use.
1875.

We sometimes hear Lancashire people say, he
** boggled'^'' at a thing, when they mean that the per-
son of whom they are speaking, started from, or took
fright at it. I might very well have said that I boggled
at my lecture to-night. — Lectures Lane. Dial, p. 10.

What dost boggle at it so lung for ! Get done, mon,
or gie it up 1

46 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

BOGIE, sd. a small hand-cart, a rude contrivance for moving heavy
articles, consisting of a simple plank on low wheels.

BOH (S. E. Lane),)
BUD (E. Lane).
BOD,

prefi. (var. pron.) But. Robert of Gloucester,
Robert Mannyng, and Gawin Douglas have
dofe and dot-

Collier. Bo/i heaw went'n ye on ? Wur th* justice awhoam ?

'750. IVcrks, p. 45.

James Butterworth. BoA aw soon towd um, awre gooin to Owdham,
»79o. Un aw'd ha'e a battle wi' th' French.

Harlancfs Ball, <Sr* Songs of Lane, : ** Jone 6*
Greenfilt;' 1. a 18.

Waugh. They nan bod one bed, yo see.

'867. Home Lifij Factory Folk (Preston), c. ix. p. 81.

John Almond. *' Bud yo\e hit th* wrong mon," sed th' parson's

(Blackburn, E.L.) voice fro' t'other side ** Never mind," sed Mary

'^72- Ann ; ** pass it on to th' reight un."

l)ay at Blackpool, p. 7.

BOKE, V. to point the finger at.

John Schqles. ' Betty wur bokin hur finger at um, un aw crepe

'^57' behoint hwx.^yaunt to see M' Queen, p. 57.

^g"°"- I went quietly up to him, an* bcked my finger at his

' ^^' oppen e'e.

Chimney Corner: Manch, Critic, Aug. 14.

BOLL, sb. a boggart, an object of fear. Probably a cx)ntraction
from boggle

BONK, sb. (var. pron.) a bank. A.S. banc.

West-Mid Dial. (Lane) Quer at l^e IIoly-Hede, til he hade eft bonk
^^^° In j>e wyldrenesse of Wyrale.

Sir Gawayne, 1. 700,

Ibid. And by ])yse bonke^ ]>er I con gele.

^3^** And I se ne by-gyng nawhere aboute.

E. E, Allit, Poems, A. 1. 930.

^^'° And bowed to j>e hy3 bonk ])er brentest iiit wern.

Ibid,, B. 1. 379.

Gawin Douglas. Quhil the reflex of the diurnal bemys

^513- The beyn bonkis kest ful of variant glemys.

Spec, Eng. Lit. p. 129, 1. 61.

BOOF, sb. the bough of a tree ; also, the shaft of a cart.

BOON-PLOO (N. Lane.) sb, a day's ploughing given to each other
by neighbouring farmers, or to the lord of the manor, or by a
sub-tenatit to the holder of the land. From boon and plough,

BOON-SHEARIN' (N Lane), sb, a quantity of shearing given as
in the case of a boon-ploo.

BOORTREE (S. Lane), | sb, the elder tree. Tomlinson (in Ray)
BORTREE (N Lane.), J gives the form bore-tree^ and derives it
from bore. There is no proof of this.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

47

BOOSE, I sB. B. cattle-stall. Often used for the upper part of the

BOOST, ) stall where the fodder is placed : as, " Yo'U find it in

th' cow's doose.'* Figuratively, a seat. A.S. d6s, bosigy a stall,

manger, crib.

X440. ' Booc or booSf netystalle {boce, K. base, netis stall,

H.P.) trompt Parv.

H. FiSHWICK.

1871.

Waugh.
i«74-

One of the every-day proverbs in use here ( Goos-
nargh, in the Fylde) is: **A famine begins in the
cow boosi.^^

Hist. Chapelry of Goosnarghy c xi. p. 200.

•* Now lads," said Giles, "are yo getten sattle*t
into yer booses ?" — Old Cron Vj, p. 33.

Ramsbottom.
Z864.

BOOTHER-STONE } ^^' ^^^^' i^rox\.) a boulder-stone.

O ! it wur hard eawrsels to dhraw
Fro' th' things i' th' heawse we'd awlus known ;

For eawr warm beds t' put up wi' sthraw ;
For every cheer a boother-stone !

Lane. Rhymes^ p. 66.

Jenny, bring him a cheer [chair], lass. Thae stons
theer as gawmless as a boother stone /

Tattlin' Matty, p. 9.

Waugh,
1867.

BOOZER V, to drink hard. Du. Buizefi; Swiss bausen, to take deep
draughts, drink deep, to tope.

[SyllaJ falling into such company, by drinking,
bowsing, and making good cheer, he suddenly became
another manner of mzxi,— ^Plutarch, p. 387.

Still as he rode he somewhat still did eat,
And in his hand did beare a bouzing can.

Of which he supt so oft, that on his seat
His drunken corse he scarse uph olden can.

F. Q., bk. i. c. 4, St. 22.

Come, prithee, let's shog off, and bowse an hour or
two ; there's ale will make a cat speak at the Harrow.

Coxcomb, act ii. sc. i .

Sir Thomas North.

Spenser.
1589.

Ceaumont & Fletcher.
1613.

Pope.
1728.

Coll. Use.
1875.

Rous'd at his name, up rose the bowsy sire.
And shook from oat his pipe the seeds of fire.

Dunciad, iv. 493.

He's done nowt but booze for a for: nit.

BOYRN 1 ^* ^^ swill, to wash. Cf. A.S. burne^ a stream.

Collier.
1750.

John Scholbs.
1857-

Theaw meh be shure I*re primely boyrnt^jsn. os
weet as ewer eh could sye. I lookt licker a dfeawnt
meawse in [than] o mon. — Works, p. 49.

Theaw wur thur thinkin' abeawt boymin^ an*
weshin' when we lookt at them fountains.

J^wtt to set ttC Queen, ^. «Jb.

48

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Waugh.
X867.

Ibid.
1868.

Whatever arto doin areawt [outside] sich a day as
this ? What, its enough to borne th' buttons off thi
clooas. Thae'rt fair sipein' fro yed to fuut.

Owd Blanket^ c iii p. 52.

Eh, heaw it did come deawn ! It's a good while
sin aw wur as primely borneU as awVe bin this time.

Sneck'Bant^ c. i. p. 7.

BORRANS (North Lane.) sh, rough, craggy places, to which foxes
run for safety. Gael, borr^ borra^ a knob , borrach^ a projecting
bank.

BORTREE-JOAN (N. Lane.) sb. elderberry wine. The Rev.
Addison Croft on writes : " Nurse says it used to be the custom
[at Lancaster] to invite friends to take bortree-joan, usually served
in coffee-cups, and always hot. The housemaid proffered us all
some one day here [Burnage], sent by her mother from Lan-
caster." 1875. See BooRTREE.

BOSKIN, sb, a cattle-stall. From boose^ with the suffix kin. See
Boose.

BOSS, sb, a fat, lazy woman ; a term of reproach. Cf. Fr. bosse^ a
boss ; Du. bos^ a bunch, bundle.

Hoo's a great idle boss. Look al her childer, they'n
tell thi what hoo is.

Coll. Usb.
1875-

BOSTIN* (Mid. Lane), sb, the rack or trough in a stable, in which
the fodder is placed. See Boose and Boskin.

BOTE, p,p, did bite. Earle (Philology English Tongue) gives pres.
bite; preterite, bote^ bit ; part, bitten^ bit; and says the form flou-
rished chiefly from the fifteenth to the seventeenth century.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) And bote ])e best of his brache3 [hounds] >e bakkej

in sunder. Sir Gawayne^ 1. 1563.

Lourede he foule,
His body was boiled, for wraj>])e he bat his lippes.

Piers Plowman^ A-text, v 66

He was the burlokke [st] blonke, ther evyr bote brede

Met. Rom,^ A. xliii., 1 2

1330

Langland.
136a.

Z400.

Waugh.
1855-

Ibid.
1867.

Ramsbottom.
Z864.

«(

That's just reet," as Pinder said, when his wife
bote hur tung i* two I Lane. Sketches^ 26.

His wife's as nice a lass as ever bote off th' edge ov
a cake. Owd. Bl.^ c iii., p 51.

Mi feyther lookt eawt into th' sthreet,
An' bote his lip, bo never spoke.

Lane. Rhymes^ p. 73.

BOTH', prep, but the : as, •* Aye, both' time's past."

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

49

Shakspsre.

BOTS (N. Lane) sb, pL intestinal worms m animals. Gael, hoius^ a
bott : boiteagy a maggot.

Why Petruchio is comming, in a new hat and an
old jerkin ; ... his horse . . . possest with
the glanders, and like to mose in the chine ; troubled
with the lampasse, infected with the fashions full of
windegalls, sped with spavins, raied with the yellows,
past cure of the fives, starke spoyl'd with the staggers,
begnawne with bots.

Taming of Shrew ^ act iii. sc. 2, 1. 49.

Second Carrier : Pease an beanes are as danke here
as a dog, and this is the next way to give poore jades
the Mies. — Firsi King^ Hen. /P'. act ii. sc i. 1. 9.

If the same be conveighed downe by a home into
the throat of horses and such like beasts, they will
cure the wringing torment of the hotts that fret and
gnaw them in the bellies. — Plinie, b. xxviii. c. 1 1 .

After he [the chapman] had examined the horse
round, finding him blind of one eye, he would have
nothing to say to him : a fourth knew by his eye that
he had the botts, — Vicar of Wakefield.^ c. 14.

BOUGHT, I sK the bend, as the bought or boot of the elbow. A.S.
BOOT, j bUgan, bebgan\ to bow, bend, stoop, give way,
Mid. E. boght, bight; Dan. bugt^ a bend.

West-Mid. Dial. (Lane.) Bi ])e by^ al of ])e >y3es. — [= By the fork of the

Ibid.

1598.

Philemon Holland^
x6oi«

Oliver Goldsmith.
1764.

1330-

Sir p. Sidney.
1583.

Spensrr.

1589.

Milton.
1645.

thighs.] Sir Gawayne^ 1. 1349.

Now of her knees
My tongue doth tell what fancy sees.
Whose bought incavd doth yield such sight,
Like cunning painter shadowed white.

Arcadia^ b. ii.

And as she lay upon the durtie ground,
Her huge long taile her den all overspred,
Yet was in knots and many boughtes up wound
Pointed with mortall sting.

F. Q., bk. I., c i., St. 15.

In notes, with many a winding bout
Of linked sweetness long drawn out.

V Allegro ^ 1. 139.

"RUGTH ' I ^^' bigness, bulk. Cf. Icel. biikr^ bulk.

John Collier.
1750.

John Scholes.
1857.

Waugh.

X865.

B. Brierlby.
X869.

This wur a nice trick oth* bookth on*t, wur it navv ?

Works^ p. 68.
Wi his beein' sich a bookth^ an* so clumsy ov his
legs, he*d o bin toilt to deeoth e wamblin' deawn theer.

Jaunt to see th^ Queen^ p. 46.

Hasto forgetten me pooin* tho eawt o' that greight
tub i' Bull Robin back-yard, when thae'er abeawt th'
bugth ov er Billy % Whau thae'd happen be five year
owd, or so. Besom Ben^ p. 43.

* * O wd Tabby's getten her hay in ? " « * Good crop ? "
"Middlin' i' bukth^ an' as sweet as a posy."

Red Windows Hall^ c ^.^^.^-s^.

50 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

BOOLER (Lancaster), sb, a child's hoop. This is not " bowler^'
but is probably formed from the word boot or bule {^.v.), the
hoop being generally made from pieces of wood similar to those
used for the handles of osier market-baskets.

BOVVSTER, sb. a carriage for timber. A.S. bolster.

BOWSTER-YED (Lit Bolster-head), sb. applied to a light-headed
person, or one of confused brain, with no power of orderly
thought ; and, as bolsters are generally stuffed with feathers or-
some kind of light, fluzzy, yielding stuff, there is a certain figura-
tive fitness in the application.

Waugh. If a poor lad happens to be born wi a hair-shorn

^ ^ lip, or his yure a bit cauve-lickt. he's sure to be

punce't for't, oather by one bowster-yed or another —

though he's no moor to do wi't nor he has wi makin

moonleet. Yeth-Bobs^ c. i., p. 12.

BOWT-RUSHES, sb. pL choice rushes used in the making of rush-
carts.

BRABBLE, v, to chatter noisily. Cf. Du. brabbelm, to confuse, to
stammer.

BRABBLEMENT, sb. noisy talk.

John Scholks. In a bit ther wur sich o clatter an' brabblement

'^57' oraung us, us made rare spooart fur thoose us wur

eawt on't Jaunt to see th* Queen, p. 56.

BRACKEN-CLOCK (Fumess), sb. a small beetle.

BRAD, ] V. to spread, to open wide, to extend, to make broad.
BREAD, I AS. brcB'dan, to extend.

West. Mid. Dial. (Lane). He were a bleaunt of blwe, that bradde to the
*32o. erthe. [ = He wore a robe of blue that extended to

the earth ] Sir Gawayne &» G. JC., 1. 1928.

i3So« He made hire to knele a-doun and a bok bradde,

^ Radde a gospel j>er-on and bad hire up rise.

Joseph of Arimathie, 1. 642.

John Collier. Nor ist oboon two eawrs sin furst time ot eh brad

*75°- meh een on him. Works, p. 63.

John Scholes. A noice clen cloth wur brad up o' th' table.

^^57' Jaunt to see th^ Queen, p. 22.

BRADE, sb. a board, a shelf. A.S. bred^ a plank, board ; Swed.
brdddy a board.

West-Mid. Dial. (Lane.) He [Jonah] wat3 flowen for ferde of ))e flode lotes

^360. jjjjQ j)g bo]>em of J?e bot [boat] and on a brede lyggede.

E. E. Allit. Poems, C, 1. 183.

1440. Brede, or lyttel borde. Mensula, tabula, as^erulus.

Prompt. Parv.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

51

Bamford.

1840.

Waugh.

1857.

Ibid.
x866.

BRADE, sb, bread, but usually applied to oaten cake.

Waugh. "Win yo have hard brade ? "Which side dun yo

'^57» come fro?" **I come from Manchester," said I.

" Fro Manchester, eh ! Whau, then, yoddn rather
ha' \o2S'brade^ aw'll uphowd yo." "Nay, nay, "said
I, " I'm country-bred ; and I would rather have a bit
of oat-cake. " That's reet ; aw'U find yo some gradely
good stuff I An it's a deeol howsomer nor loaf, too,
mind yo."— Ztfwr. Sketches (Bury to Rochdale), p. 24.

BRADE-FLEIGH, I sb, a, wooden frame, crossed by cords, and
BRADE-FLAKE, J hung below the ceiling, used to lay oatcakes
upon to dry and harden.

The large bread-flake in the kitchen was speedily
unthatched. Life of Radical^ vol. i., p. 234.

When I asked a villager whether Gamershaw
Boggart was ever seen now, he said, " Naw ; we
never see'n no boggarts neaw ; nobbut when th'
brade-fleigh's empty I" — Lane. Sketches (Birthplace
of Tim Bobbin), c. ii., p. 79.

Upon a bradefleigh or bread-rack, which was sus-
pended from the ceiling, like a great square harp, a
few oat-cakes were spread, with their ends curled up
about the strings. — Ben an* th* Bantam^ c. i., p. 1 1.

BRAGGAT, ) sb, new ale spiced with sugar ; a sweet drink, piade
BRAGGET, j of the wort of ale, honey, and spice ; mulled ale,
prepared and drunk in many places on Mid-Lent Sunday, which
is hence called Braggat Sunday. W. bragawd ; Sc. bragwort,

Hir mouth was sweete as bragat is or meth.

Milleres Tale, 1. 75/

Bragett, drynke. Mellibr odium bragetum.

Prompt. Parv.

Before she putteth her first woort into the furnace,
or mingleth it with the hops, she taketh out a vessel
full of eight or nine gallons, which she shutteth up
close, and suffereth no aire to come into it till it
become yellow, and this she reserveth by itself unto
further use, calling it brackwoort.

Descrip. of England, c. vi.

Captaine, if ever at the bozing ken.
You have in draught of Darby drilled your men ;
And we have serv'd there armed all in ale
With the browne bowle, and charg'd in bragget stale.
Masques : Gypsies Metamorphosed.

Chaucer.

1386.

144a

HOLUNSHBD.
Z586.

Ben Jonson
z6xa

Rev. W. Gaskbll.
1854.

Consulting my school recollections again, there
used to be, and there may be yet, and I hope there
is for the sake of school-boys, a Sunday in the year
known as Bragget'%yir\d2.y, because on that day they
were indulged in a kind of sweet drink which bore
this name, and was composed, I believe, of ale, sugar,
and nutmeg This evidently corresponds to the
bragawd of the Welsh, which denotes a liquor made
of the wort of ale — brag aigmX^'m^ vxvaXx va. \JtvaX

52

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

language, as in Cornish and Gaelic — mixed witlir
mead and spiced. We find it mentioned both by
Aneurin and Taliesin, two British poets flourishing in
the sixth century, and in the laws of Hoel Dha, in
the tenth century. — Lect. Lane, Dialect, p* 8.

BRAID, V. to resemble ; to be like. Icel. bre^a vi^, to resemble.

Coll. Usb. He braids or th* lot : he's nooan a good un*

1875. ' **

BRAK, broke. A.S. br^c.

Robert Mannyng. Out of hys mouth me thoghte draJt

A flamme of fyre bryght and clere.

Handlyng Synne, 1. 5922.

He smot the wyket with his foot, and brak awey
the pyn. Coke^ Tale of Gamelyn, 1. 298.

1303-

Before
1380.

BRANDRETH, sb. a gridiron. A.S. brandreda; IceL brand-reilS^
3L grate.

BRANGLE, sb. a quarrel or squabble.

BRAN-NEW, adj. quite new. See brand-new in Jamieson.

Coll. Usb. Come that's bran-new. thae's never towd that afore.

1875.

BRANT, adj. steep, as applied to a hill. Thus, Branf Felly near
Windermere ; jBranlwood, Coniston, a wood on a steep hill side,
Sw. branfy steep ; Icel. braltr, steep. Cf. W. bryn, a hill.

West-Mid. Dial. (Lane) [He] se3e no syngne of resette, by-syde3 nowhere.

1320.

Ibid^
1360.

ROGBR ASCHAM.
1544-

John Briggs.
1822.

Bot hy3e bonkke3 and brenl.

Sir Gawayne &* G, JC., 1. 2164.

]>e byggyng thay leve3
And bowed to j>e hyj bonk ]?er brentest hit wem.

E. E. Allit. Poems, B., 1. 378.

A man maye, I graunt, sit on a brante hyll syde. -
Toxophilus, A., p. 58 (Arber's reprint).

Ye*ll find it a lang way an' varra brant.

Remains, p 106.

BRASH, adj. rash* Gael, bras, rash. Cf. W. brys^ haste.

BRASH, sb. an eruption. Cf. GaeL briseadh^ a breach, a bursting ;
W. brechy an eruption*

BRASS, 5^. money.

John Coluer,
1750.

Ramsbottom.
1864.

Waugh.
1867.

I thowt 111 know heaw meh shot stons ofore I'll
wear [spend] moor o meh brass o meh brekfust.

Works, p. 55.

Beawt wark, thae knows weel, there's no brass.

Lane. Rhymes y ?• 'S-
"Dost want any brass V said she. "Well, ay,"
replied Ben. *• Thae may gi mo sixpence "

Owd BL, c. i , p. 23.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY,

53

33RAST, V, to burst. A.S. berstan^ p. t. barst

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.)
1360.

Wyclif.
1380.

Chaucbs.

1386.

«Gawin Douglas.

1513-

Spenser.

Miss Lahsb.

1865.

Waugh.
1869.

|>e bur ber to hit baft )>at braste alle her gere.

E. E. Aim. Poems^ Cm 1. 148.

This Judas hadde a field of the hire of wickednesse,
and he was hanged, and io-brast in the myddil and
alle hise entrailis weren shed abrood. Ads, c. i.

And bothe his yen brast out of his face.

Man of Lawes Tale^ 1. 573.

The fyry sparkis hrastyng from his eyn.

Prologue Eneidf b. xii. 39.
When he was hanged brast asonder in the myddes
and all hys bowels gushed out. — Bible : Acts^ c. i.

No gate so strong, no locke so firm and fast,
But with that piercing noise flew open quite or brast,

F. Q.y Book L, c. viii , L 4.

Aw had mi fayther an* ir lads laughin' fit to brast
their soides. Betty 0^ Yep's TaU, p. 10.

Eawr Billy cried, poor lad. . . . Every time that
aw slipt, or gav a bit ov a clunter again a stone, he
brast eawt again, as iv his heart wur breighkin.

Yeth-BobSf c. ii., p. 33.

BRAST-OFF, v. to start, to begin.

Waugh.

Silence, lads ; Jem's gettin* his top-lip ready.
Brast-off^ Jem. Old Cronies^ c. vii., p. 85.

BRAT, sb, a coarse apron. A.S. bratt^ a cloak, probably borrowed
from the Celtic ; cf. Gael, brat^ a mantle \ W. brat^ a rag.

Chaucer. And a bratt to walke in by daylight.

'386. Ed, Tyrwhitt, 1. 16349.

J. P. Morris.
1867.

Waugh.
1867.

Bbaley.
1870.

Them *at hednH any pots held owt theV brats^ *an
gut a scowp-ful put in. — Invasion o* ITstony p. 6.

Aw'd rayther see it nor a brat-fvll o' guinea gowd !

Owd jB/.,c. i.,p. 19.

Hoo awlus like't to gather flowers.

An bring 'em whoam to me ;
Hoo'd bring her brat full mony a time,

An sort 'em on her knee.

Poems : Eawr Bessy, p. 157.

BRAWSEN, or ] p, p. and adj> burst \ also, overfed. A.S. borsten ;
BROSSEN, ) Mid. E. brestcn, brusten, brosien. Cf. Dan.
brost, hurt, damage.

, Chaucer. For with the fal he brosten had his arm.

'386. Milleres Tale, 1. 641.

^^^^- For I am hole, al brosten ben my bondes.

Troylus and Creiseide^ 1. 976.

John Collier.
1750.

If I'd naw bin eh that wofo pickle 1st a bross'n
weh lea wghing. M^or fes , ^ » ♦jo .

54

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Waugh.
1857.

Ibid.
X874.

Ibid.
1874.

Rev. W. Gaskell. I have heard of a person who, when charged at

* ^** table with not eating, said, '* Aw've eyten till o'm

welly brossen^'' to which the response was, " Brossen^

for sure I We wishen we'd owt for t' brossen yo wi ! **

Lect. Lane. Dialect^ p. 25.

There's plenty o' chaps i' Rachdaw teawn at's so
bravjsen wi wit, whol noather me, nor thee, nor no
mon elze, con may ony sense on 'em.

Lane. Sketches (Bury to Rochdale^ p. 33.

There's nowt at a' coorse, nor brawsen [overfed
or bloated] aboot him. He's a well-leukin', clear-
skinned, healthy man. yannock^ c. v., p. 36.

*' Come, Gavlock, owd brid, wakken up ; thour't
noan sto'in, arto?" **By th' mon, it's gettm' time, I
think. Thou doesn't want to see me brawsen^ doesto ?
I measur't a hond-bradth off between my singlet an'
th' table afore we started, an' they're welly met."

Old CronieSy p. 34.

BRAZIL, sh. anything very hard. " It is not a little singular," says
Way, in his notes to Proniptorium Parvuiorum, " to find so many
notices as occur of Brazil-wood, considerably anterior to the
discovery of Brazil by the Portuguese captain, Peter Alvaris
Capralis, which occurred 3rd May, 1500. He named it the land
of the Holy Cross, * since of store of that wood called BrasilL *
Purchas's Pilgrimes, vol. 1. In the Canterbury Tales, the host,
commending the Nonnes Preeste for his health and vigour, says :

Him needeth not his colour for to dien
With Brasi/f ne with grain of Portingale."

Waugh. ** Aw could like to gi' tho summat that would talc

'^' tho off whoam " said the doctor. " Aw'ra as hard as

brazUl," said Tip ; " kdl mo ! "

Owd Bl , c. iv.» p. 85.

Ibid. "How didto goo on wi Owd Sniggle f" "Oh,

^^74- he's as hard as brazzil ! But I banted him i' th' end."

Chimney Corner : Manch, Critic^ Maya, 1874.

BREAD-AND-CHEESE, sh, the leaves of the hawthorn. Also, in
N. Lane, the leaves and flowers of the Oxalis acetosella. A phrase
used by children.

BREAST-HEE, sb, the mouth of a tunnel leading to a coal-pit
which has been made in the side of a hill, the shaft being
horizontal instead of vertical.

At the time when Tim Bobbin was spending his
days at Milnrow . . . the collier brought his coal
to daylight at the mouth of a tunnel, or what was
called a breast-hee. generally opening out, not unlike
a large black sough, on some hill-side.

Ed. of Tim Bobbin : Intro, iii.

A long-limbed collier lad began to hum, in a jolt-
ing metre, with as much freedom of mind as it he was
at the moulh of a lonely breast-hee on his native moor-
side a long countiy ditty.

Lane. Sketches : Cottage of Tim Bobbin, p. 44.

Bam FORD.
1850.

Waugh.
1857.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 55

Ibw>» He took me up one street an* down another till we

*^7^ coom to th* end of a ginnel 'at looked as dark as a

breast hee col-pit. — Chimney Corner : Manchester

Critic^ March 21, 1 874.

BREED, adj. frightened. Icel. bregtSa^ to startle, to be amazed.

John Collier. I'r SO feerfully breed at meh hure stood on eend.

'750. Tim Bobbin : Works, p. 51.

COLL.^USE. Jjg ^^ f^ ^^^^^^

BREOD, sb, 2l cake — not bread.

Coll. Use. Wilto have breod or loaf ?

1875-

BRETHER, sb,pL brothers. In the oldest English the plural of
brother was brothru (brothra). In the thirteenth century this
became, i, broihr-e; 2, broihr-e-n ( brother en ) ; ^^brethr-e; 4,
brethr-e-n ; ^, brother es (brothers). In the Northern dialects in
the fourteenth century we find brethre becoming brether, ** These
be my mother, brether^ and sisters." Bp. Pilkington (died 1575).
The e in brethren seems to have arisen from the dative singular
(brether). Dr. Morris's English Accidence^ p. 96.

West Mid. Dial. (Lanc.) pis kyng lay at Camylot upon kryst-masse
'3*o. With mony lutlych lorde lede3 of ]>e best,

Rekenly [nobly or princely] of l>e-rounde table alle
)>o rich brewer. — Sir Gawayne ^ G. K ^ 1. 37.

Hampolb. That ilka tyme when yhe did oght

iSio- Until ane of l>e lest ]>at yhe myght se

Of my brether, yhe did til m^.—Pricke of C, 1. 61 76.
Dunbar. ^y i^rethir oft hes maid the supplicationis.

About 1500. ' Cm XT' T -^ _i.^

^ spec. Eng. Ltt.^ p 117, st. 6.

BRERE, sb. a briar. A.S. brer ; Mid. E. brere. Names of places
in Lancashire, BrerecYi^Q, Brerecroft

William of Palhrnb. Blake-beries that on breres growen.

'350. ^. ofPalerne, 1. 1809.

West-Mid. Dial. (Lane.) His browes bresed [rough] as breres aboute his brode
'3^ cheekes. E. E, A Hit. Poems, B, 1. 1694.

WvcuF. That is brynginge forth thornes and breris.
'^ Hebrews^ c. 6.

Gawin Douglas. Welcum the byrdis beild upon the brer.

^5^3- Proioug of the xii. buk of EneadoSy 1. 257.

Spenser. The gentle shepheard satte beside a springe,

^579- All in the shadowe of a bushye brere.

Shepheardes Calender ^ December, 1. i.
William Browne. I wonder he hath soft'red been

^ ** Upon our common heere,

His hogges doe rent our younger treen,
And spoyle the smelling breere.

Shepheard* s Pipe, Ec. 2.

^*6^^ A thicket close beside the grove there stood.

"With breers and brambles choked, and dwarfish wood.

Theodore 6* i/onoria,V \o-jj

56

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

BREWIS, sb,, oatcake or bread toasted, and soaked in broth or

stew. Welsh hrywes; A.S. briw^ briwas^ the small pieces of meat

in broth •, pottage.

We were weary of the comfortable manna, and a
pleasure to return unto Egypt, whfere we might sit
among greasy fleshpots, eating beef and brewis
knuckle-deep. A Comfortable Epistle, c. iii.

Brcon.
i5Sa

Rhv. W. Gaskbll.
X854.

John Scholes.

1857-

In Lancashire, bread soaked in broth, or in the fat
that drips from meat when being roasted, is known
as brewis. A writer in the reign of Edward VI.
refers to ^*browess made with bread and fat meat."

Led. Lane. Dialect, p. 13.

Ut last theym as scarce to be fund as drops o* fat on
Owdham breawis, — Jaunt to see M' Queen, p. 13.

BREWITS (S. E. Lane.) ) sb, the rim or brim of a hat, A.S. brerd;
BRUART (E. Lane.) ) Mid. E. brurd, top, brim.

And hig gefyldon \i, oS J>one brerd [ = and they
filled them up to the brim].— J^^« ii. 7.

A. S. Gospels.
zooo.

Waugh.
z868.

Theer stoode Sneck-bant i'th dur-hole, as quiet as
a dreawnt meawse, wi th' rain drippin' off his hat
brewits. Sneck-Bant, c. ii., p. 38.

BREWSTER, sb. a brewer.

Langland. Brewesteres and baksteres, bocheres and cokes.

Fiers Plowman, B text, Passus iii., I. 79.

1377-

BRICKLE, \ ^^'. fragile, brittle. A.S. ^r^^^«, to break. Mid. E.

BRITCHEL

,1

Sir Thomas More,
About 1500.

Spenser.
I59I'

bruchel, brukel, brikle,

Suche as didde their endevour to break his bondes,
and to shake his yoke from them, those he shall spyte
of their teeth, rule with an yron rod and as a brickell
earthen pot in pieces al to frush them.

Workes^ p. 1398.

But th* Altare, en which this Image staid,
Was (O great pitie !) built of brickie clay,
That shortly the foundation decaid.
With showres of heaven and tempests wome away.

Ruines of Time, 1. 498.

Rev. W. Gaskei.l.
1854.

John Scholes.
1857-

Brickie is a true Lancashire adjective, formed just
as properly from the A.S. brecan as brittle is from
brytan ; only as the Maeso-Gothic is brickan, it may
boast most likely of a higher antiquity than " brittle.**
By the same process as that which changed circ into
church, and cicen into chicken, brickie is sometimes
converted into britchle. — Led. Lane. Dialect, p 21.

Thoose ur yoar Manchistur cheers [chairs], ar thi ? —
us britchel us egg-shells, ur o cake o' brayd uts bin on
th' fleak fur o thri wik. They amah fit to peeorch o
hen on. Jaunt to see th* Queen, p 47.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

57

Waugh.

1874.

Thou costs moore tor breighkage than thi wage
comes to ! Thou'rt like as if thou'd a malice again
aught *at*s britchel. — Chimney Corner : Manchester
Critic, Feb. 28, 1874.

BRID, $b. a bird. A.S. hrid.

X300.

West Mip. Dial. (Lane)
1320.

Ibid.
X36a

WiCLlF.
'1380.

Wauoh.

1859.

Ramsbottom.
1864.

Waugh.
1868.

Bbaley.
1870.

Lenten ys come wij) k)ue to tounc,
Wi]> blosmen and wi)> briddes roune,
\zX. ul l>is blisse bryngel>.

Proverbs of Hendyng : Sp. E. Eng., p. 48.

Bryddes busken to bylde and bremlych syngen
For solace of l>e softe somer ]>at sues ]>er- after.

Sir Gawayne &> G. JC., 1. 509.

Fro l>e burne to J>e best, fro brydde^ to fysche3

E. Eng. Allit. P., B, 1. 288.

It shal make grete braunchis, so that briddis of
hevene mowe dwelle undir the shade we ther-of.

Mark iv. 32.

He're very fond o* singin-^n'^/x
That's heaw he geet his name.

Lane. Songs: Chirrup.

O* reawnd agen aw kiss mi brids
Afore hoo packs *em off to bed.

Lane, Rhymes^ p. 13.

" Middlin o* briis upo' th' moor this time, aw think."
said Ben. "Ay," replied Randal, ** but they're tier-
rible wild upo' th' wing." Sneck Bant, ii. 24.

An' seemed to sing an' nestle theer,
Just like a little brid, Poems^ p. 156.

BRIDE- WAIN, sk a bidden wedding, q.v.

BRIG (North and Mid. Lane.) sb. a bridge. The most southerly
point of the county where "brig" is used instead of ** bridge'* is
believed to be Bamber Brig, a few miles south of Preston. It
occurs, however, in Collier's Tim Bobbin, A.S. bricg; Icel.

^ bryggja.

And he ful chauncely hat3 chosen to )>e chef gate,
]?at bro3t bremly )>e burne to l>e bryge ende, in haste ;
f e bryge wat3 breme vp-brayde.

Sir Gawayne &* G. JC, 1. *J^Z.

At vch brugge a berfray on basteles wyse.

E.E. Allit. -P, B, 1. 1 187.

pe brugge is of bidde-wel, J>e bette may ]>ow spede.

Piers P., B-text, Pass, v., 1. 601.

Franche men put J>am to pine
At Cressy, when ^i brak )>e brig.

Sp. E. E.y p. 136, 1. 77.

At Trompyngtoun, nat fer fro Cantebrigge,
Ther goth a brook, and over that a brigge.

Reeves Tale, 1. i.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.)
1320.

Ibid.
136a

Langland.
1377-

Laurence Minot.
1352-

Chaucer.
1386.

John Collier.
1750-

Coll. Use(E. Lane.)
1875.

I saigh two rotten pynots ot tis seme bT^g os eh
coom. fVorks, p. 50.

Pig wouldn't o'er t' brig.

58 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

BRIGGS, sb. irons to set over the fire. Welsh brigwn, andirons.

BRINDLE, to be irritated, to show resentment, to bridle up.

Coll. Use. He brindled up as soon as aw spoke to him.

1875. ^ ^

BROCK, sb., a badger, from the white-streaked face of the animal.
Names of places in Lancashire, Brock\\o\ts, Brocksbottova,
Gael, broke, a mole, a freckle ; brucach, spotted ; breac^ speckled ;
Welsh brech, brych, brindled, freckled; Icel. brokkr, a badger;
Dan. brok, a, badger; A.S. broc.

Langland. And go hunte hardiliche to hares and to foxes,

'377' Xo bores and to brockes pat breketh adown myne

hegges. Piers Plowman^ B-text, vi. 30

WycLiF. They wenten aboute in brok skynnes. — Heb. xi. 37.

Shaksperk. Sir Toby : Marrie, hang thee, brocke !

1602. Twelfth Night, ii., v., 11 4.

Bkn Jonson. Or with pretence of chasing thence the brock,

^^33* Send in a curre to worry the whole flock

Sad Shephera, act i., sc. 4.

Rev. J. Relph. ** Nea mair i' th' nights thro' woods he leads,

^740- To treace the wand'ring brockV

Cumberland Ballads, p. 8.

BRODDLE, V. to assume, to swagger. Broddlin', adj\ assuming,
swaggering. Cf. Gael, brodail, proud, arrogant.

John Collier. So I gen um her; on still this broddlin fussock

'750- lookt feaw as Tunor [a dog's name] when I'd done.

Works, p. 55.
Bamford. See heaw he broddles.

'^5°* Edition of Tim Bobbin, p. 145.

BROG (N. Lane), sb, a branch, a bough, a broken branch; Cf.
Welsh brigyn, a top branch, a twig ; brigau, the tops of trees.

Dr. Barber. Re t' time we'd gitten by t' last brog an' off" t' sand,

'^70* it rooar't an' blew fit to thiraa a body over.

Forness Folk, p. 37.
J- ^- Morris. Ye men-fo'k er sic buzzards, if ye sa a brog on

'* t' sand ye wod think it wos t' French

Siege d* Brouton, p. 6.

Note. After obtaining a safe ford, the guides, on the

'^^' Ulverston and Lancaster sands, mark out the track by

inserting branches of trees. This is called ''^ broggin^
t' channel."

BROG )

BROr'n F [ ^- ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^y leaking the water muddy.

BROKKEN-YURE'T, adj, broken-haired ; only half-bred. AppL
to anything spurious, especially, in a sarcastic way, to anything
pretentious or hypocritical in human character — anything that is
not what it seems to be. As regards dogs, it is appHed to mon-
grels : thus, a " brokken-yure't spaniel" is a dog that is not all a
spaniel

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 59

B. Bribrlby. Aw ha* no' had so mich o* that brokken-yurt sort

'^^*'* o* livin as aw' re us't have. Bunk Ho\ p. 17.

Waugh. It was a short, bloated man, with a pale, puffed

2867. face . . He was dressed in faded Jslack and he

carried a large blue umbrella. **Who is it? asked

Gablock. '* He favvoura a brokken-yureU doctor, or

summat." Owd S/,, c. iv., p. 88.

BRONG, ) V, brought. Dr. Richard Morris ( ^ ist Outlines English

BRUNG, I Accidence^ p. 172), among the verbs peculiarly formed,

includes, " Pres. bring, Past, brought, P. part, brought ; O. E.

bringe, brohte, hroht In the oldest English we also find brings

brang, brungen^ from which we see that the root is brang= brag''

C^DMON. He tha bysene from gode brungen haefde ; 1 ^ , he

^^ had brought those commands from God.

Ccedmony ed. Thorpe, p. 41.

Coll. Usb. i. I brung it an* he sent it back.

2. Has*ntthae^r«/»^mibaggin? Off wi' thi back,
sharp.

BROO, sh. a brother.

BROODY, adj, wanting to sit, applied to fowls.

BROWN-TOMMY, sb, a kind of brown bread, made of inferior

^^"^C LL. Usb ** ^ two-pund loaf, mester." " Which win yo'

*^i87s. ^^ have — white or brown?" "Oh brown-tommy — its

good enough for t' childer."

BRUART, 5^. a shooting forth or sprouting of corn, fruits, or vege-
tables ; also, V, to sprout. The A.S. brord^ a shooting blade of
corn, occurs in the Northumbrian version of Luke viii. 6.

Coll. Use. i. Yo'n a fine bruart o' strawberry.

2. Yo'r taties are bruartih' finely.

BRUN, V, to burn. A.S. byman^ brennan.

Anon. For thei had lutherli here lond brend and destrued.

'350. Will, of Palerne, 1. 2646.

Waugh. Th' chylt cries i*th key ther ;

^^^ Th' cake bmns i'th oon :

Th' cow moos i'th milkin-gap,
Bi'th leet o' th' moon. Besom Ben^ p. 13.

^IJP' Yo'n sin that owd yoUo rag ov a blanket o' mine,

'^^7- ^' th' hole brunt in it, ha'not yo ?

Owd Bl., c. iii. p. 61.

BRUNFIRE, sb, a bonfire.

BRUZZ'D, p,p, broken, dulled, bruised, blunted. A.S. brysan^ to
bruise.

SsPENSKR. And, being downe, is trodde in the durt

1579' Of cattell, and brouzed^ and sorely hurt.

Shepheirdes Calender : Februwla . 7.y^,

60 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Collier. I'd no hurt boh th* tone theawm stunnisht, on th'

'75°* skin bruzz'd off th' whirlbooan o* mi knee.

Works y P 45-
Coll, Usk. " Aw've bruzzed mi clog-nose wi puncin' that owd

'«7S. can."

BUCK, sb, 2i piece of wood, shorter than the ordinary billet, for use
on hard ground.

BUCKED-UP, smartly dressed.

Coll. Usb. ** Hello, Jim, what art' bucked-up for ?" " Goom'

'^75- to Manchester, owd lad."

BUCKFAN, sh, a throw in wrestling.. A term common in the
Burnley Valley and Todmorden district. At and about Roch-
dale, the word is applied to riding a culprit, or unpopular person,
on a stang, or pole, as a punishment.

BUCKLE-TO, V. to begin in earnest. Probably related to A.S.
bugan^ to bow, rather than to Fr. boucle,

Spenser. Eftsoones again his axe he raught on hie,

^S90' Ere he were throughly buckled to his geare.

F. Q. bk. v., c. xi. st. x.

Waugh. j gi^ down, sometimes, just to gether mi wits

* ^*' together a bit ; an' then I have to buckle-to again.

There's nought else for't, yo known.

Chimney Corner: Manchester Critic^ April ii.

BULE, sb. the handle of a pot, pan, or other utensil. At Lancaster,
the flat wooden handle of an osier market-basket. The word is
obviously a contraction of bow, in the sense of something bent,
with the suffix -el, from A.S. bugan, to bend. In exactly the
same way we have Icel. bygill, a stirrup, from bogi, a bow -, and
G. biigel, a bent piece of wood or metal, from bug, a bend. The
Dan. boile, a bent piece, comes very near to the Lancashire form.

BULIN', V. Hnking arm in arm.

BULLART, sb, the warden of a bull ; lit. a bull-ward,

Waugh. A greight brawsen bullart, wi' a neck like th' bole

'^74- of an oak tree.

Chimney Comer: Critic, Feb. 28, 1874.

BULL-HEADS, ) . , , ,
BULL-JONES, I '^' tadpoles.

Waugh. Rolling into the wet ditch at the bottom, to the

'^7* dismay of sundry limber-tailed bull-Jones and other

necromantic fry that inhabit such stagnant moistures.
Lane. Sketches • Heywood and Neigh-
bourhood, p. 189.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 6 1

Ibid. It*d be summat like th' raisin-puddin* *at owd Mall

»865. made, wi' bull-jones in it. ** Hello, mother!" says

little Jerry, ** what dun yo' co* this ? " ** Whau, it's
a raisin," said Mally ; **get it into tho'." " Well,"
said Jerry, howdin' it upo' th* end ov his fork, ** aw
never see'd a raisin wi' a tail on afore ! "

Besom Ben^ c i. p. 7.

BULLOCK, V, to plague, tease, or bully ; to interrupt or baulk by
a feint.

Coll. Usb. That'll noan do ; fair play I yo' munnot bullock

'^75. him like that.

BULLOE, sh, the sloe or wild plum. Welsh bwlas^ winter sloes.
BULL-SCUTTER, sb, anything worthless and nasty.

Waugh. << I don't believe i' none such-like things," said the

'^3- landlord. ** It's o' beggar-berm an' bull-scutUr r'

Chimney Comer: CriliCj May 31, 1873.

BULLYRAG, v, to abuse ; to abuse with intention to intimidate.

Coll. Use. It's no use bullyragging me : thaell get nowt by it.

1875.

BUM, or ) sb. b. bailiff who distrains for rent ; figuratively, a

BUMBAILIE, ) loud and overbearing person. To bum, to dun
(H alii well), and bai/ie, a contraction of bailiff,

Shakspkre. Go Sir Andrew : scout mee for him at the comer

^^*^ of the orchard like a bum-bay lie.

Twelfth Nighty iii 4, 1. 193,

CoKGREVE. Wit : The rogue has no manners at all ; that I

^yo* must own;— no more breeding than a bumbaylie,

that I grant you. — IVay of the Worlds act i.

B- Brierlkt. «. I'm in a solicitor's office." " Is that bein' a bum-

^^^ bailyV '»Bum.bailifri I should think not. Do I

look like anything of the sort ? "

Red Windows Hall^ c. viii., p. 58.

Coll. Use. I. Bi sharp, bi sharp, lads ; here's t' bum-bailies

1875. come to owd Ned's.

2. Ilowd thi tongue ; thae'rt worse nor a bumbaily
i'th' heawse.

BUMMEL-BEE, sb. the humble-bee. W. hwmp^ a hollow sound.
BUN, V, bound, in the sense of going ; also, tied, apprenticed to.

Coll. Use. i. " Wheer't 'a bun f " " Whoam, to bi sure."

'^^^ 2. " What han they done wi that lad o' theirs? "

** Bun him to a blacksmith."

BUNHEDGE, sb, a hedge made oi twisted sticks.

BUNHORNS, sb, pL briars to wind yam on.

BUNT, V, to pack up. Dan. bundt^ a bunch, a buudte*

62 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

BUNT, V, to take work home.

BURLY-MAN, sh, an officer appointed at a court leet to examine
and determine respecting disputed fences.

BURN, sb. a burden ; by contraction to hur'n,

Waugh. Gathering on their way edible herbs, such as

*^* ** green-sauce" or **a burn o' nettles," to put in

their broth.

Lane, Sketches : Cottage of Tim Bobbin, p. 50.

•Ibid. Eh Dimple, thae may well prick thoose ears o*

*^^ thine I Thae never had as bonny a burn o' stuff upo'

thi back sin thae began weariii' a tail.

Sneck'Bant^ c. iii. p. 60.

BURY-HOLE, sb, a grave : a word generally used by children.

Waugh. The child croodled thoughtfully to himself a minute

* or two. whilst his mother went on dressing him ; and

then, suddenly turning up his face, he said, ** Elawr
little Ben's i'th bury-hole, isn't he, mam ? "

Sneck'Bant^ c. iii. p. 53.

BURYIN', sh, a funeral.

Miss Lahee. When her husband deed Tim wor axt to th' berryin\

^865. Betty o' Yefs Tale, p. 6.

Coll Use. Ay, aw'm better now ; but there'd like to bin a

'^75* buryin^ at eawr heawse, aw con tell thi.

BUSK, V, to dress smartly. Icel. him^ to make ready, to dress,
equip. Busk is a remnant of the old reflex, bHasky i.e. bHa sik,
to prepare oneself; see Dasent, Burnt Njal^ pref. xvi. note.
(Cleasby and Vigfusson.)

She had nae sooner buskit hirsel,

And putten on hir goun,
But Edom o' Gordon and his men
"Were round about the toun.

Percy's Reliques : Edom o' Gordon.

William Morris. Now the next morn, when risen was the sun,

1868. Men 'gan to busk them for the quest begun.

Jasony p. .46.

Coll. Use. "Come busk up, an' let's be off."

1875.

BUSS, sb, a kiss. Cf. Fr. baiser^ to kiss ; but the connection is not
certain ; cf. Gael, bus, a lip. In the fifteenth century, according
to Richardson, basse was the form used.

xs6i« For lyppes thynne, not fatte, but ever lene.

They serve of naught, they be not worth a bene ;
For if the basse ben full, there is delite.

Court of Love, 795.

Spbnsbk. But every satyre first did give a busse

1590. To Hellenore ; so busses did abound.

F, Q. bk. iii., c. & st. xlvi.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 63

Waugh. God bless it ! Daddy*s noan far off ;

^^59- X^t mammy have a btiss. — Lane. Songs: Neet'fo\

B. Brierlhy. If t' meeans ay, give me a buss ; if t* meeans nawe,

^ ^ give me a smack i' th' face.

Red Windows I/ally c. xiv. p. 112.

BUSS, V, to kiss. See Buss, ante.

About 1430. Lende me your praty mouth, madame,

I wis dere hert to basse it swete
A twyse or thryse or that I die.

Ritson: Harleian MS., temp. Hen. V.

Sir Thomas Mors. Thys good minde, good Lord, will I keepe sty 11,

About 1500. a„^ jjgygr Igj it fj^ii Qut Qf ^y hart al the while that

I lye bassing with Besse. Workes^ p. 557.

Shaksperk, Ulysses: For yonder wals that pertly front your

*^°9« towne, [the clouds,

Yond towers, whose wanton tops do bwise
Must kisse their owne feet.
^ Troylus and Cressida, iv. 5, 1. 119.

Tennyson. Buss me, thou rough sketch of man,

'^*"* Far too naked to be shamed I Vision of Sin.

BUTCH, V, to kill animals for food, as a butcher does.

Coll. Use. He use't to be a farmer, but he butches neaw.

1875.

BUTTLE, V, to pour out drink. Probably buttle originally meant a
pitcher, and is a dimin. of A.S. byt^ a flagon or bottle.

^j^^^"- **Come," said Enoch, takingup the pitcher, "we'n

buttle once reawnd again." — Besom Ben^ c. vi. p. 78.

S- Brierley. The broad village green buttled round its cheap

^' delights, in pitchers of home-brewed, innocent of any

notion of inebriety. — Marlocks of Merriton, p. 5.
Waugh. << buttle out. free ! " cried Giles to the servants, *' an

^^' look after these plates ! " — Old Cronies^ c. iii. p. 34.

BUTTY, sb. a confederate.

BUTTY, sb. a slice of bread and butter.

Coll. Use. Here, little lad, con ta ate a butty ?

1875-

John Scholes. A wm us fond o' fun us a chilt is ov a traycle butter -

'^57- cake. yaunt to see th* Queen, p. 6.

Waugh. Aw remember thi mother ga' mo a traycle butter-

cake an* a hawp'ny when aw geet tho whoam.

Besom Ben, p. 43.

1866.

BUZZERT, sb. a moth or butterfly, the cockchafer. Mr. Wedg-
wood says : " The name buzzard is given to a beetle from the
buzzing sound of its flight, and it is to be thus understood in
the expression blind buzzard. We also say, as blind as a beetle,
as heedless as a cockcliafer, from the blind way in which they

64

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

fly against one." On the other hand, it is certain that hosarde in
the Rom. of Rose, 4033, meant a hawk; O. Fr. busard. Mr.
Wedgwood's suggestion lacks proof.

He*s olez after buzzerCs and things.

Coll. Use.
1875.

BYNG, V. to bewitch.

Harland.

1867.

A year of ill-luck comes. . . . The milk is
hynged or will not chum, though a hot poker has
been used to spoil the witchery. — Lancashire Folk-
lore : East Lane. Superstitions, p. 165.

BYRE, sh, a cowhouse. A.S. b&r ; Icel. hiir.

He ["Wonderful Walker*! ^ed an' looked after
his own cattle ; he cleaned his own byre,

Jannockf c. viii. p 83

A.S. biseriy blind.

Lamech ledde long lif til than

That he wurth bisne^ and haued a man

That ledde him ofte wudes ner.

Story of Genesis and Exodus^ 1. 471.

Thys manne was not purblynde, or a lyttle appayred
and decayed in syght, but as bysome as was possible
to be. Marke, c. 8.

First Flayer : But who, O who, had seen the mobled

Waugh.
1874.

BYZEN, adj. blind.
1350.

*Udall.
1560.

Shakspbrs.
1603.

queen,

[the flame

Ibid.
i6a3.

Run bare-foot up and downe, threatning
With bisson rheume.

ffamlety ii. 2, 524.

Coriolanus : How shall this bisson multitude digest
The senate's courtesie ?

Coriolanus, iii. i, 131.

COLUER.

1750.

All Englandshire'U think at yoar glen ting at toose
fratching, byzen, craddingly tykes. — IVorks, p. xxxix.

BYZEN (N. Lane), sb, an example ; also, a sign or spectacle in the
sense of warning, an example to be avoided. A.S. bysen, an ex-
ample ; bysenian^ to give an example ; bysenung, a resemblance.
Cf. Icel. b/sn, a strange and portentous thing.

NoRTHUMB. Dialect. And of child Jesus bisen take.

^330- Met. Homilies, p. no

Hampolb, Yhit ]>e bodys of ]>e world JJair kynde,

^340* Shewes us for bisens to haf in mynde,

How we suld serve God in our kynde here.

Fricke of Conscience, 1. 1026.

Waugh.
1874.

What it'll be a sham fshame] an' a bizen if we
connot find him a menseful bit of a dinner.

Jannock, c. ii. p 13.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

65

c.

CAAKERS'(N. Lanc.)» ) sb.fL iron rims on the under side of
C AWKERS (Mid. Lane.), V wooden-soled shoes. Prob. it means
CAWKINS (East Lane), J treaders ; cf. Lat. calcare^ to tread;
Gael, calc^ to ram, drive. The Mid. E. cauke^ = to tread, occurs
in Piers Plowman^ xi., 1. 350; and B-text, xii., 1. 229. See Calkins
in Nares and Halliwell. Nares gives " Calkyns or Calkins^ appa-
rently from calx^ a heel ; the hinder parts of a horse-shoe, which
are sometimes turned up." He adds two illustrations, one from
Holinshed's Hist, of Scot., sign. U. 3 b. ; the other from the Two
Noble Kinsmen^ v. 4. See also Cawker in Brockett's N. C* Gloss.

CAAKERED,/ar^. bound with iron. See Caakers.

CADGE, V. to beg ; to skulk about a neighbourhood. Cadger, sb,
one who skulks about for a living.

Coll. Usb.
1875.

Well, wi' wdttchin' a bit an* cad^tC a bit, he maks
out t* best road he con.

Hampolb.
1340.

Sir David Lyndbsay.
'S3S»

CADGE, V. to tie or bind a thing.

CADGE, V. to stuff the belly. Cf. cadge-htV^y = a full fat belly.
(Halliwell.)

CoLUER. While I'r busy cadging mey wem, hoo towd me

^'^°' hoo lipp'nt bur feather wur turn't strackling.

Works, 68.

CAFF (N. Lane), sb, chaff, refuse. A.S. ceaf; Du. kaf.

For als fyre ]>at caffe son may bryn
Gold may melt )>at es lang }>ar-in.

P.ofC, 1. 3148.

Cum down dastart and gang sell draff,
I understand nocht quhat thow said ;

Thy words war nouther come nor caff;
I wald thy toung agane war laide.

Satyre of the Thrie Estaits.

1440. [In the sense of refuse.]

Caffe of creatours alle, thow curssede wriche !

Morte Arthure, 1. 1064.

CAFFEL (N. Lane.) v, to entangle. Icel. kefla^ to gag; kefliy a gag.
Mid. E. kevel^ 2l gag.

CALD (N. Lane), 5^. and aSj, cold. A.S. ceald^ cdld; Icel. kaldr,

Hampolb. For now es cald, now es hete,

«340' Now es dry, and now es wete.

Fricke of ConsciencCyX \\'^^
F

66 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Hampolb. And I fand Ihesns wery in ]>e way, turment with

^340- hungre, thirste, and caidg. Prose TractSy p. 5.

West-Mid. Dial. (Lane.) py corse in dot mot calder keue.

^^^' E. Eng. Allit Poems, A, 1. 320.

^. . ^ ?',P^?®^' » It was a cali. sleety, slattery sooart of a day.
(Dialect of H^igh Fumess). Folk-Sptech 0/ Cumberland, p. 68.

CALE, sb. a turn in rotation. Cf Icel. kall^ a call, a calling on, a
claim.

Waugh. There's a deal on *em 'ud go deawn afore me.

x857« Aw'd may somebody howd back whol their caie

coom I — Lane. Sketches: "Bury to Rochdale," p. 32.

John Scholes. Th* Prince o' Wales comes next: he'll ha* th'

*^57' creawn when his cale comes.

f Jaunt to see tfC Queen ^ P* 4i-

CALE; V, to supersede unjustly ; to take a place, turn, or opportu-
nity from a person by force or fraud.

Coll. Usb. It's noan reet ; awVe bin waitin' moor nor an

^^75- hour, an' he's gone in and caled mi.

CALF- LICK, ) sb, a word u%ed to describe the hair on the fore-
CAUVE-LICK, I head when it lies obstinately backwards.

Coll. Use. Yo' may comm his yure as yo' like, but it'll noan

^^75. lie down ; he's a cauve-lick, like his fayther.

CALLET (N. Lane.) sb, a drab, a dirty woman ; a contemptuous
term for a woman. Cf. Gael, caiky a quean ; caiileach^ an old
woman.

Ben Jonson. Mos : What is the injurie, lady?

'^S. Lady: VJ hy, the ea/tet

You told me of, here I have tane disguis'd.

Volpone, iv. 3.
A callat
Shakspeke. Of boimdlesse tongue, who late hath beat her hmsband

i6"» And now bayts me. \ Winter's T,, iii. 3, 90

[See also **base borne cailot as she is," Second
Ben. VI., i. 3, 86; **to make this shamelesse callet
know her seife," Third Hen, VI, ii. 1, 145; "a
beggar in his drinke could not have laid such termes
upon his callet,^"* Othello, iy. 2, 120.]

CALLIERD (Fylde), sb, a hard blue stone. Cf. Calyon, rounde
stone. Rudus. Hie rudus esto lapis, durus, pariterque rotun-
dus. (Prompt, Parv,) Mr. Way, the editor, in a note, says:
" In the accounts of the churchwardens of Walden, Essex, in
1466-7, among the costs of making the porch, is a charge *for
the foundacyons, .and calyon, and sonde.* Hist, of Audley End,
p. 225. Among the disbursements at Little Saxham hall, in
1505, is one to the chief mason, for the foundation within the

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 67

inner part of the moat, * to be wrought with calyons and breke.*
Rokewode's Hundred of Thingoe, 141." Cf. Fr. caillotty a flint ;
Welsh callesir, flinty W. cellt, a flint-stone. Although this is
marked as a Fylde word, there is a country place near Rochdale
called " Th' Callierds."

CAM, sb, contradiction, crooked argument. Welsh cam, sb. an in-
jury, wrong.

^^^x^^^' Sicinius [referring to the crooked reasoning of

Menenius^grippa] : This is cleane kamme,

Brutus • Meerely awry.

Corio , act iii., sc. I, L 304.

Coll. Usb. i. When he meets wi cam there's no good to be done.

* 2. It*8 dean camj an' nowt else.

OAM, V, to wear awry : generally applied to a shoe. Welsh cam^
crooked.

Rev. W. Gaskell. When I was a lad, an old cobbler, who mended

1854. ^y shoes, used constantly to charge me with what he

called a sad trick of ^* camming" them, which meant

wearing them out of shape, either at the heel or at

the side. Lid. Lane, Dialect ^ 7.

Coll. Use. jje cams his shoon at th' heel.

1875.

CAM, V, to cross or contradict ; to oppose vexatiously ; to quarrel.
Welsh cam^ sb. an injury j camu^ to bend.

Coll, Use. I'll cam him, an' get up his temper.

CAMMED (South Lane), ) adj\ and adv, crooked ; also, bad-
CAIMT (North and E. Lane), ) tempered, ill-natured. W. canty
crooked ; camu, to bend. A cammed nose in Mid. E. •= a flat
nose. Cf. "rdr/«/^hores" - crooked rough hairs. Early Eng,
Allit, Poems, B, 1. 1695. Chaucer, in the Reeves Tale (1. 14), has
"round was his face, and camois was his nose,'* ue, crooked or
curved was his nose ; again. Reeves Tale, 1. 54,

This wenche thikke and wel i-growen was.
With camoys nose, and eyghen gray as glas.

Cf. also, Morecambe Bay = the crooked sea bay; Cam, the
crooked river; Camden, the crooked wooded vale.

Collier. Good lorjus deys! it's not to tell heaw cammed

*'^°' things con happen ! Works ^ ti.

Rev, W. Gaskell. Cammed is an epithet which is often applied to a

'^54* temper that is not quite so even and straight as it

should be, as ** Eh ! hoo*s in a terrible cammed

humour to-day !" Lect. Lane. Dialect^ p. 7.

Waugh. I doubt this bit o' supper hasn't agreed wi' tho

*^7S- very weel, for thou'rt gettin' cammed as a crushed

whisket. Old Cronies^ c. \l., ^. (iO.

68 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

CAMPERKNOVVS, s^, ale pottage, in which are put milk, sugar^
and spices.

CAMPLE (N. and S. E. Lane.),) v. to retort^ to contend. W. and
CEMPLE (E. Lane), ) A.S. camp, Sw. kamp, a conflict.

W. camptOf to strive at games ; Mid. E. kimpe, to strive, to fight.

** There es no kynge undire Criste may kempe with hym one.^'

( Morte Arthurty 2633.) A.S. cempa^ Mid. E. keni'pey a soldier,

champion. Ger. kampdn, to debate, dispute.

Waugk. * • Ger off witho, Ben, do I" replied Betty. " Thae*U

^•^'* aton here o' dly catnpHn an* talkin thi stuff ! "

Owd Blanket^ c. i., p. 25,

Tbid. Then Nan lost no time, but coom back to hersel';^

^^75- An* hoo cample' t an* snapt, as no mortal can tell ;

An* poor Turn o' Fobs soon found out that his wife.
Though an angel at first, wur a divul for life.

Old Cronies, c. ▼., p. $».

CAMPLE, sb, a chat, a conversation.

WituGH. "Well,** said she, "drop in some day tV next

'^'* week, iv yor this gate on. Yo know aw*ve no neigh^

bours to have a bit ov a cample to."

Tattlin Matty, c. ii., p. 33.

CAMRIL, ) sb. the lower part of a horse's leg. Cf. W.

CAMMEREL (Fylde), j cambren, a crooked stick. Mid. E. gam-
brely a. bent stick ; from cam, crooked.

Coll. Use. Hit it o'er tb' camril an it*ll goo.

1875. ^

CANDLE-BARK (Fylde), ) sb. a candle-box. See Bark in
CANNEL-BARK (N. Lane), J Brockett's Glossary.

CANK, V. to talk, to chatter. Cf. Icel. kank, gibes ; kankast, v, to
jeer, gibe.

John Scholes. Peg Yep and me wur suyne awhoam, un mony o'

'^57* pleasant cank win had o'er eawr jaunt, bith* fire-side

sin. Jaunt to see ih^ Queen ^ p. 61 .

'^ theau maks so mich trouble.

Red Windows ffall^ c. xiv., p. 108.

CANKERT, part. iU-natured. Lat. cancer.

John Skblton. h^ ^^ges and he raues,

'^*** And cals them cankerd knaves.

Poems: •♦ Why come ye nat to Courte ?" 1. 33 r.

Waugk. €« aw think hoo's a bit cankert is tV owd besom, "

said the landlord. ^^ Cankert? Eh, aw think hoo
is. Yo should hear her when she's in a tantrum "
*• Then her ailment hasn*t touched her tung, like?"
continued the landlord. "Tung I no I Aw believe
she'll talk in her coffin."

Ben an tA* Bantam, c. v., p. 78.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

69

CANKIN'-PLECK, sd. a place to chat in. Cf. A.S. p/ac, a space.

CoLLiBR. Boh here*s a fine droy canking-pUck under this thurn.

"750- Works, p. 41.

Waugh. Come, dwd lad, let's wind a bit ! There's a nice

^^7^ eonkin'-pleck bi th' side o' th' well, here. What

saysto !

Chimney Corner: Manchester Critic, May 2.

OANNEL-BONE (N. Lane), sb. the collar bone.

1272. The squrd [sword] squappes in toe.

His canel'bone allsoe,
And clevet his schild clene. Met. Rom.^ p 19

•CANT, t adj, cheerful, lively, comfortable, chatty ; very old but

',)

CANTY, J in good health. Mid. E. cant, bold, vigorous.

Lausbncb Mivot.

X440.

BORMS.

X786.

^e King of Berne was cant and kene,
Bot ]>are he left both play and pride.

Sp, E, Eng., p. 137, 1. 107.

A kaunte herte. Morte Arthure, 1. 2195.

Contented wi' little, and cantie wi' mair.

J^t. Works, Aldine Ed. ii| p. 353.

Miss Lahib.

1865,

Waugh
1868.

" Hoo's a gradely cant owd lass, an' can tell some
Tum skits," 6a3rs xxof mother.

Betty o' Yefs Tale, p. 3.

The farmer's wife came to the door. She was
about sixty-five years of age ; but she was a fine,
healthy, cheerful woman still . . . round, and
sound, and as fresh-coloured as a well-grown apple.
•*Hoo is yon, sitho," said the old farmer, "hoo is
yon — as roM/ AS a kitlin'."

Sneck'Bant, c. iv., p. 76.

CANTLE, sb. a canfuU.

CANTLE, sb, a piece of anything. Mid. R cantie, O. F. chantel,
Dan. kant, an edge, border; It. canta, a side, corner. Cf. W. cant,
2l rim or edge of a circle.

For nature hath nat take his bygynn3mg
Of no partye ne cantel of a thing.
But of a thing that parfyt is and stable.

Knightes Tale, 1. 2149.

There armours forged were of metal frail,

On ev'ry side a massy cantel flies. Tasso, vi., 48.

Hotspur . See, how this River comes me cranking in.
And cuts me from the best of all my land,
A huge halfe Moone, a monstrous cantie out.
First JC. Hen. IV., iii. i, 98.

Scarus : The greater -cantie of the world is lost

With very ignorance ; we have kist away
Kingdomes and provinces.

Ant. <5r* Cleo., iii. 10, 4.

Do you remember
The cantel o{ immortal cheese ye carried with ye ?

Queen of Corinth^ *u*

Chaucer.
X386.

Fairfax.
160a

Shaksperec.

Z598.

Ibid.
1623.

Beaumont & Fletcher.
X600-Z625.

JO LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

CAP; ) V, to out-do, to surpass, to astonish, to crown. Cf. Welsh
COP, ) cop, top ; A.S. copp, cop, head, top.

Bhakspbrr. Orleance : 111 will never sayd well.

1600. Constable 0/ France: I will cap that proverbe with.

There is flatterie in friendship.

K, Hen. V., iii. 7, 123.

Waugh. Eawr Johnny gi's hi8 mind to books ;

^^59* Eawr Abram studies plants, —

He caps the dule for moss an' femsj'
An' grooin' polyants. Lane. Songs, p 47.

Ibid. ** Well," said Twitchel, "it caps o\ iv th' maister's

'^S* taen it into his yed to goo into th' jackass line ! "

Besom Ben, c. ii., p, 16,

Miss Lahbb* Well, that caps o' at ever aw yerd.

^865. Carter's Struggles, p. 60.

Dr. H. Barbbr. ^t*s a queerly mannisht job, an caps many a yan.

1870. Furness Folk, 22.

CAP-RIVER, sh. a termagant. Lit. a cap-tearer.

Waugh. He's a terrible hen-peckt chap, too, for their Sally's

*^73' a gradely cap-river when hoo starts.

Chimney Corner : Manchester Critic, May 17.

CAPPEL, sh. a patch on a shoe. Lit. a small cap.

Coll. Usb. Nay, that shoe's noan done yet ; thae mun get a

• *^7S- cappel put on it.

CAPPER, sh. something which another cannot do; something
which cannot be excelled. See Cap.

Waugh. "Well," said Betty, as she stirred the fire, after

^^^' Ben had disappeared, ** that's a capper of a tale, as

heaw ! " Sneck-Banty c. i., p. 9.

Coll. Usb. That's a capper for him, an' no mistake.

1875.

CARKIN* V. to talk in an anxious or harassing manner ; pertina-
cious grumbling. Welsh care, care.

CARLIN'S, sh. boiled peas. Brockett says, " In the North carlings
are served at table on the second Sunday before Easter, called
Carling Sunday, formerly denominated Care Sunday, as Care
Friday and Care Week were Good Friday and Holy Week; sup-
posed to be so called from being a season of great religious care
and anxiety."

CARR, sh. a marshy place ; a flat, low-lying land. Dan. kar, a
marshy place. Cf. Sc. carse. See N. and Q. 4th s., vols. xi. and
xii. for discussion on carr, as connected with names of places in
the Northern counties and Lincolnshire. There is a place called
Gatley Carrs a few miles south of Manchester.

CARRWATER, sh. red peaty water.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 71

CARRY, adj, red, peaty.

CARRY-PLECK, sb. a place boggy with carrwater. Cf. A.S. plac,
a space.

CART-SWOE (Fylde), sh. the rut made by a cartwheel Cf. AS.
swcBthy a track.

CATTY ^N Lanc^ I ^^* * game played with a small piece of wood.

CATTER, V, to lay up money, to thrive. Cf. Sc caUr^ money ;
Eng. cater^ to provide ; O. Fr. acater; Fr. acheter.

CAUSEY, sb. a sidewalk.

CAWVE(S.Lanc.),K^ ^ ^^
CAWF (E. Lane), J ^^' * ^^

CoLLiBR. On me kawve (the dule bore eawt it een for meh)

''SO- took th* tit for it mother, on woud need seawk her.

IVorkSj p. 41.

B. Bribrley Theau fastened on me like a clemmed leech, or as

^^^' a hungry cattn/g does its moather.

FratchingtonSf c. iii., p. 35.

CECKLE {c hard), v. to retort impertinently ; to laugh derisively.
Lit to cackle.

CECKLY (Mid. E. and S. Lane.),).. „„,,^,j„ „«..,.„
COCKLY (North Lane), \ ^^^- ^^^teady, uneven.

CEFFLE {c hard), v. to cough slightly and sharply. A dimin. of
cough,

CHAFF, V. to chew.

CHAFFS (N. Lane), ) sb. pi jaw bones. A.S. ceaflas, jaws ; Icel.

CHUFFS (S. Lane), ) kjaptr^ the mouth, jaws ; Dan» kjaft^ jaw;
Sanskr.ya/«Mtf, the jaws. Mid. Eng. chaft^ jaw; chaft-ban^ jaw-
bone.

CHANG (N. and E. Lane), sb, noisy talk.

CHAP, sb, a man j also a sweetheart. Mid. E. chapman.

Dr. John Byrom For you are to consider, these critical chaps

«75o« Do not like to be snubbed ; you may venture, perhaps,

An amendment where they can see somewhat amiss ;
But may raise their ill blood, if you circulate this.

Misc, Poems^ vol. i., p. 214.

N. Lanc Dialbct. Thear was ya chap weaven some red stript stuff,

«8a3. like Betty Dixon window cortans ; and another chap

was meakan a thing like a girt lang sile.

Lonsdale Magazine^ iii., p. 339.

John Scholes. There wur women un* fellis, un lasses un their chaps.

'857. 7^««/, p.15.

Waugh. I geet croppen into th' kitchen, amung a rook o*

*^74- chaps ho th' moor-ends.

Chimney Corner : Manchester Critic^ Aug, i^

72 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

CHAPPIN', sb. courting; applied to a woman..

B. Bribrlby. «* Matty," said he, ** heaw is it theaa*s ne'er begun

*867- o' chappin yet?" "What's that yo sen, Sam?"

said Matty, without turning to her interrogator, as ir
the question did not interest her. ** Heaw is it
theaus ne'er begun o* cooartin* ?" ** Nobody's ne'er
axt me ; that's heaw it is," was the ready and unex-
pected reply. Marlocks of MerritoHy'^, 15.

CHAR, ) V. to work at occasional jobs ; applied to house work.

CHARE,) A chare (not used in Lancashire as a sb,) is a turn of
work. A.S. cyre^ a turn ; cerran^ Du. keerm, to turn ; Gael, car,
turn, twist. Swiss, es ist mi cheer, it is my turn ; cher urn cher, in
turns, turn about. See Wedgwood.

Twelfth Cbntury. Wiken and cherres [= services and turns].

O, E, Horn., First Series, p. 137.
Wbst-Mid. Dialect. Thou schal cheve to the grene chapel, thy charres

"3*° to make. Sir G, <Sr* G, Knight, 1. 1674.

Shakspbrb. Cleopatra : Commanded

^^°^' By such poore passion as the maid that milkes

And does the meanest chares.

Ant. <&• Cleop,, iv. 15, 1. 73.

Coll. Usb. Hoo weshes for th' folk at th' Rectory, and chars

X875 for a day now and then.

CHAR, V. to Stop or turn back. A.S. cerran, Mid. E. cherren, to
turn. To turn (cf. E. chum) is the primary meaning. Cf. ajar,
older form z-char, on-char.

Twelfth Century. Hwan ic a3en cherre [return].

O. Eng, Horn., First Series, p. 79.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) Bi that I charre hider [= by that I return hither].

'380- Sir Gawayne ^ G, JC., 1. 1678.

CHAT (Mid. and E. Lane), sb, a small potato.

CHATS
CHAT WOOD

\ sb. small twigs for lighting fires.

CHATS, sb. the catkins of the maple and other trees. Cf. J>e chattes
of hasele. Voiage of Maundevile, ed. Halliwell, p. 168. F. chat,
a cat. Catkin is the dimin. of cat,

CHATTER- BASKET, sb, an incessant talker ; gen. appl. to a child.

Coll. Use. Come, little chatter-basket, it's toime for bed.

1875.

CHASE (E. Lane), | ^ ^
CHASS (N. Lane), j ^^' ^^^^'

Coll. Use. Wot are yo in sich a chase for ?

1875. ^

CHAW, 1 V. to chew. A.S. cehwan, Mid. E. chcowen, to chew. The
CHOW, I form chaw, says Nares, occurs in the version of the Bible

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 73

of 1611 (Ezek. xxix. 4, xxxviii. 4), but the spelling was altered
without remark early in the eighteenth century. Dryden used
both forms, chaw and chew,

x44o> Chowynge (or chewynge), masticacio.

Prompt, Parv.

^^«S""' ^^^ ^^^^ *° ^*"^ malicious Envie rode

Upon a ravenous wolfe, and still did chaw
Between his cankred teeth a venmous tode.
That all the poison ran about his chaw ;
And inwardly he chawed his own maw
At neighbours welth, that made him ever sad.

/^ Q. b. i., c. iv. st. 30.

Ibid This with sharpe teeth the bramble leaves doth lop,

And chaw the tender prickles in her cud.

VirgiPs Gnat, st. ii.

Drvdbn. This pious cheat, that never sucked the blood

1700. Nor chawed the flesh of lambs, but when he could.

The Cock and the Fox, 1. 484

Coll. Usb. What's to do ? Thae looks as if thae*d fair chaw

'^^^- me up.

OHEAN (S. Lane), sb. a woollen warp.

CHEEP, V. to chirp ; to make a slight sound; to tell only a little.
Cf. So. chiepcTy a cricket.

Waugh. Aw couldn't find i' heart or mind

1859. To cheep o' weddin' for a while.

Lane. Songs : Bonny Nan, p. 64.

^I"' He'll sit by th* fire, hour after hour, an never

' cheep. But, eh, yo should yer him when he's had a

gill or two. — Tattlin* Matty , c. i., p. 10.

CHEWTER-YED (E. Lane), ) , , , , , ,
CHOWTER-YED (Mid. Lane), | '^' "" blockhead.

CHIEVE, V, to prosper, to thnve, to succeed. Mid. K cheve, from
Fr. chevir, to compass, manage.

Langland. And somme chosen chaffare; they cheven the bettere,

*377' As it semeth to owre sight that such men thryveth.

Piers Plowman : Prologue, 1. 31.

Chaucer; He took out of his oughne sleeve

^380. A teyne of silver (evil mot he cheeve !j

Chanounes Yemannes Tale, 1. 213.

CHIG (E. and N. Lane), v, to chew. Cf. W. cegio, to mouth ; Gael.
cagainn, to chew.

Coll. Use. I, IVe gin him sommat to chig,

2. Let him chig that.

CHIG (Fylde), v, to remove the stalks from gooseberries.

74 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

rHTT THFR I ^^'P^' clii^clren. A.S. cild, pi. cUdra, sometimes dldru,

Orrmin. ** Orrmin (whose book, the metrical paraphrase of

***• the Gospels, is the most Danish poem ever written in

England, that has come down to us) uses chilldr'e for

the plural of child. Our corrupt plural children came

from the south, as did also brethren and kine,

OliphanVs Standard English^ pp. 93 and 102..
NoRTHUMB. Dialect. of mouth of childer and soukand
«aso« Made ]>ow lof in ilka land

For ^i faes. Northumbrian Psaltery Ps. viiL, 1. 5

(Surtees Society.)
West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) Nay, frayst I no fyst, i fayth I >e telle,

i3aa jjj^ jy.jj aboute on J>is bench bot berdle3 chylder.

Sir Gawayne &* G» K., 279.

Hampolb. Thay ere lyke unto the childir that rynnes aftere

1340. . buttyrflyes. Prose Treatises, p. 39.

WvcLiF. Forsothe the childer, wymmen, and the 3eldingus

^380. wenten in, and tolden to hir. Esther iv. 4.

Waugh. God bless tho, my lass ; aw'll go whoam,

*858» An aw'll kiss thee an th' childer o* reawnd.

» « « « «

But awVe no gradely comfort, my lass.
Except wi' yon childer and thee.

Lane. Songs : " Come whoam to thi childer
an me," p. 7.

CHILDERS'-DAY (Fylde), sd. Innocents' Day.

CHOILT I ^^- P^^"* ^^ ^^^^^'

Waugh. Besides, he's somebory's chylt, an' somebory likes

*^55- him too, aw'll uphowd him. — Lane. Sketches, p. 27.

John Scholbs. Then hoo clipt chilt in hur arms.— ^««/, p. 59.

CHIMBLEY,) ^ a chimney
CHIMDY, J ^^' ^ ^"^™"^y-

Waugh. Tum Kindle lope fro' the chimbley nook

^^SQ* As th' winter sun wur sinkin.

Lane. Songs: "Tum Kindle," p 69.

B. Bribrlby. a church wi a chimdy o'th top ud be moore i' thy

*^^^- road, aw think. Fratchingtons, c. iv., p. 48.

CHINCOUGH, sb, the whooping cough. Cf. Sw. kikhosta, G keich-
husten, Du. kieck-hoesty kink-hoesty the whooping cough, from the
sharp chinking sound by which it is accompanied. To chink with
laughter, to lose one's breath with laughter and make a crowing
sound on recovering breath. Wedgwood,

Coll. Use. Yo' mun tak him onto th' Whoite-Moss every day

^^75* if yo' want'n t' cure him o' that chin-cough,

CHINK, ix, to lose one's breath with coughing or laughter.

Coll. Use. He fair chinked again.

1875. ^

i

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 75

CHIP (N. Lane), v, to trip a person up. Icel. ki/pa, W. d/io, to
pull or snatch. Cf. Du. kippen^ to seize.

C HITTER (K and N. Lane), v, to talk quickly. A dimin. of
chatter. Mid. E. chiter, to chirp as birds to.

WycLiF. These hethen men, the londe of which thou schalt

laSo* welde, heren hem that worchen by chiteryng of

briddys. Dent, xviii. 14.

Chaucbs. They may wel chiteren^ as doon those jayes.

But to her purpos schal thay never atteyne.

Chanoune Yemannes Tale^ 1. 386.

*44o. Chyteryn as byrdys, supra in chaterynge.

^ Prompt, Parv,

CHITTY (K and N. Lane), sb, a cat; also, the wren, commonly
called Chitty-wer-wren.

CHITTY (S. Lane), sb. the lesser red-poll linnet In Manchester
ajid the suburbs it is also called the greybob.

CHITTY-FACE, sb. a child with soft sleek cheeks.
CHOCK, sb. a wedge for fastening the cart to the shafts.

Coll. Use. Put thoose chocks in an* let's be eooin*.

1875. ^

CHOCK-FULL, adv, full to choking, i.e. to the cheeks. Mid. E.
cheke-ful^ choke-full, from A.S. ceoce^ Mid. E. cheke^ cheek.

x44o> Charotte3 chokkefuUe chargyde with golde.

Morte Arthure^ 1552.

Coll. Usb. He*s chock-full o' nowtiness.

X875.

C HOLES, sb. pi. the jaws. A.S. ceole^ the jaw, throat.

IdtDLAND Dialect. 'Blowen bretfull of bre]>, and as a bagge honged

^394' On bo]>en his chekes, and his chyn wi> a chol lollede

Peres the Ploughman's Crede^ 223.

1440^ Chavylbone or ^^aze^Z-bone, mandibula.

Prompt. Parv.

[See also, Chaul, Alisaunder of Macedoine, ed.
Skeat, 1 1 19; Choule, Poems of John Audeley
[Shropshire, 1426], 77 ; Chaules^ Mapes Latin
Poems, ed. Wright, 338; Chawle-s^ E. Eng. Allit.
Poems, c. 268 (West Mid. Dial., 1360).]

Waugh. Are yo noan flayed o* throwing yor choles off th*

^^'' hinges t—Lanc. Sketches : Bury to Rochdale, p. 30.

Ibid. Ay, it's a grand meawth ; and a rook o' th' prattiest

»857- teeth ut ever wur pegged into a pair o* choles !

Lane. Sketches : Birthplace of Tim Bobbin, p, 80.

76 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

CHOMP 1 ^* ^^ ^^^^* ^ champ.

Coll. Usk. He looks as if he wur awlus chommirC summut in

'^75* his meawth.

»

CHOUP (N. Lane), sh, the bright red fruit of the dog-rose (Rosa

canina),

J. p. Morris. Her cheeks were rosy as a choupy

'^72- Her een wi' hivv was breet. Maggie Bell.

CHOVE, V, to wear by friction.

Coll. Use. It's getten choved at th* edges.

1875. ^ ^

CHOTTY, sh. a blockhead,

CHUCK, sb, a hen. Cf. E. chick; K.%, cycen.

Coll. Usb. Thoose chucks are i'th garden again.

1875.

CHUCK, sb. a term of affection for a child or a woman.

Shaksperb. Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck.

i6«>- Macbethy iii. 2, 45.

Coll. Use. Come, my little chucky let mammy put it to bed.

1875.

CHUCK, V. to throw. tH'

Coll. Use. Get into th' water, aw tell thi. If thae doesn't,

*875- aw'U f^«f>& thi in 1

CHUFFIN-YED, sb. a blockhead.

1490- Choffe or chuffcy rusticus.— /V^w//. Parv.

Nash. That these men by their mechanicall trades should

'592* come to be sparage gentlemen and chuff-headea

burghomasters. Pierce Penilesse.

Shakspere. Falstaff: Are ye undone ? No, ye fat chuffes ; I

1598- would your store were heere.

First K. Hen. IV.y ii. 2, 93.

CHUNNER, V. to grumble in a low tone, to murmur.

John Scholes. Bob wur chunneritC siynmut to hissel abeawt th'

'^57' principul o' perpettyul motion. ^aunl, p. ^i.

CHURN (N. Lane), sb. the daffodil.

CHURN-GETTIN' (S. Lane), sb. a night feast after harvest

Waugh. a company of haymakers, on their way home from

^^^' a **churft-£etfin" — as the hay-harvest supper is

called — came up the road.

Ben an th* Ban/am, c. vi., p. 118.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 77

CHURN-MILK (S. Lane), sb. milk after the butter has been taken

from it ; buttermilk.

Waugh. There wur a chap stonnin' at a shop-dor, at th*

*^' side ov a mug-full o' churM-milk,

Owd Blanket^ c. iii., p. 76.

Coll. Use. " What has to had for thi dinner ? ** " Nowt but

^^75- a 'tatoe and a sope o' chum-milk^^

CHURN-SUPPER, sb.^ an evening feast to celebrate the close of
the ha3iR* harvest. See Churn-gettin*.

Waugh. We're o* up to th' neck, gettin ready for th* churn'

^^^^- supper, Sneck'Bant, c. iv., p. 81.

Ibid. The fiddler had been specially invited to enliven

'^^ the rustic gathering which thronged the old bouse at

Th' Nine Oaks Farm at the annual churn-supper^ as
the feast of the hay harvest is called in South Lanca-
shire. 'Dit chum-supper 9,t Nine Oaks was famous
all over the Forest of Rossendale, no less on account
of the number of the guests and the bounty of the
cheer, than on account of the presence of a minstrel
so wdl known and so universally welcome as Dan o*
Tootlers was in those days. — Yeth-Bobs^ c. i.,- p. 15.

CHURN- YED, sb, (pron. of Chum-head), a person of confused
wits.

Waugh. Nea, then. Twitch, has thae no moor sense nor

'^^- botherin' wi' sich a chum-yed as that ?

Ben an th^ Bantam j c v., p 97.

CHYLT-LITTLE, sb. childhood.

Waugh. In a bit, we wur as thick as iv we'd every one bin

'^^ mates together fro' chylt-little.

Yeth'BobSf c. ii , p. 34.

CIPHER, sb, an insignificant person; also, a name given to an
assistant operative in a cotton mill.

CLAAK, V, to catch hold of, to clutch. Mid. E. clechen, cleken.

Sir Clegis clynges in and clekes another.

MorU Arthure^ I. 1865.

CLACKl, V, to chatter. Icel. klaka^ to twitter, to chatter.

laas- fu clackest oft and longe.

Owl and Nightingale, 1. 81.

Coll. Usb. Thae'rt clack clack, o' day lung.

1875. ^

^.

CLACK, sb. continual chatter ; a sharp sound, frequently repeated.

Miss Lahsb. Wi' that mi mother ses to me, ** Do howd thi

^865. clack, Betty." Betty o' Yefs Tale, p. 8.

CLAG (N. and E. Lane), v. to adhere. A.S. dag, sticky earth,

clay ; Dan. klag, kleg, loamy, sticky.

Coll. Use. This bread's noan hauf baked ; it clags i' mi

^875. meawth.

78 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

CLAM (N. Lane), v, to dry up, to clog up. A.S. cldm, b, bandage ;
also clay.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) And >enne c/em^ hit with clay comly withinne
'3^ And al )>e endentur diyuen daube withouten.

£. £ng, Allit, Poems B, 1. 312.

CLAM-RATTAN (N. Lane), adj. app. to a farm where the soil is
poor and unproductive. See Clem.

CLAM-STAVE-AN'-DAUB, sb, a combination of clay or mud and
sticks, used in the making of walls. A.S. clam^ clay, and st(Bf^
a staff or stick.

Rsv- W. Gaskbll. Clam-stave-atC 'daub still, in some parts of the

*^** county, denotes the rude walls (such as are found in

the East, and referred to in the Scriptures as those

which "thieves break through") made simply of mud

and sticks. Led. Lane, Dialect, p. 18.

CLANTER (N. and S. Lane), ) v, to make a noise in walk-

CLUNTER (E., S., and Mid. Lane), ) ing.

Waugh. Every time that aw slipt, or gav a bit ov a clunter

i86q. again a stone, he brast eawt again.

Yeth'Bohs^ ii. 33.

CLAP, V, to put a thing in a place ; to pat. G. klappen, to do any-
thing with a clap. To clap in E. is used in the sense of doing
anything suddenly. (Wedg.) Icel. klappa^ to pat, stroke gently.

Shakspere. The silly boy, believing she is dead,

'593- Claps her pale cheek, till clapping makes it red.

Venus and Adonis, 467.

Ibid. Mercutio : Thou art like one of these fellowes, that

1597' when he enters the confines of a Taverne, claps me

his Sword upon the Table, and sayes, God send me
no need of thee. Rom. and y. iii., i. 6.

Waugh. it wur one o* th' leet horse, a fine 3ning chap as

^ ^' ever aw clapt een on. Yeik-Bobs, c. i., p. 22.

Coll. Use. I. He claps his hat deawn as if he belunged to th'

1875. place.

2. He's chokin'— r/<flr/ his back.

CLAP-BREAD, sb, a thin cake of oatmeal unleavened. Also called
haver-bread.

CLAP-CAKE, sb. The same as Clap-bread.

CLARTY, adj\ sticky ; also filthy. Cf. Mid. E. bi-clarfen, to defile.
Cf. also, Du. klad, a stain, spot of dirt ; kladaig, dirty, nasty,
slovenly ; E. clot, clotty, clotted, etc.

NoRTHUMB. Dialect. hat spatel ]>at swa Hclarted )n leor. [ = That

'330- spittle that 80 defiled or besmeared thy face ]

O, Eng, Horn., First Series, p. 279.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 79

CLASHY (N. Lane), adj, wet and uncomfortable, as applied to
weather.

Dr. Barber. " Slashy weather, maister," I sed. " Ey, varra

'^70. clashy^*' t' chap sed. Forness Folk, 39

CLAT (E. and Mid Lane)) sb. tiresome talk. Cf. Du. klatteren, to
CLATE (S. Lane) ) rattle.

r;r'f^i,pij' [ sh. a brood of chickens. Icel. klekja^ to hatch.

Waugh. It would ha' stode (wearied) a clatch of ducks.

^868. Sneck'Bant^ c. i., p. 7.

CLAW (Fylde), )

CLEAW (S. and E. Lane), I sh. a floodgate in a watercourse.

CLOOSE (N. Lane), | From Lat. claudere.

CLOW (E. and Mid. Lane), j

laao. Water et ter mulne cluse [= water at the mill-dam.]

After en Riivle, ed. Morton, p. 72.

*44»' ClowySy water schedynge (dowse, watyrkepyng ;

cUrwse^ water shettinge). Sinogloatorium.

Prompt Parv,

CLAWK (E. and Mid. Lane), v, to scratch. From Mid. E. claw,
to scratch, or tickle.. As in Second King Hen. IV. (act ii., se 4,
1. 281), the Prince says of Falstaff, "Looke, if the withered
elder hath not his poll claw'd like a parrot."

CLEAN, adv, entirely.

Bible. Is his mercy clean gone for ever ?

'^'°- Psalm Ixxvii. 8.

William Morris. Then loud they shouted, clean forgetting fear.

'^^* jason, p. 113.

Coll. Use. Aw his brass is clean gone.

1875. ^

CLEAVIN' (Cartmel), sb. the last furrow in ploughing.

CLECK, ) sb, a small catch, designed to fall into the notch of a

CLICK, J wheel ; also a door-latch. Cf*. G. klinke, klvige, a latch.

Fr. (patois of the Hainault), clicke, a latch. See Wedgwood,

Click ; Clicket. Cf W. elided^ a clicket, latch, catch ; Suio-Goth.

klirika^ a door-bolt ; Du. klink^ a latch.

Langland. For he hath ]>e keye and ])e cliket,

^377- Piers Plovjman, B-text, v. 1. 613.

Chaucer. This freissche May, that I spak of so yore,

'3^^* In warm wex hath empr)nited the cliket.

That January bar of the smale wiket,
With which into hys gardyn ofte he wente,
And Damyan, that knew al hir entente,
The cliket counterfeted prively ;
Ther nys no more to saye, but hastily
Som wonder by this cliket schal betyde.
Which ye schal heeren. if ye wol abyde.

Marchaundti Tafc.V ^•\^.

8o

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

CLECKl, ) V, to catch at hastily. Cf. A.S. ge-IcBccan, to catch,

CLICK, ) seize.

Thenne Sir Gawan bi the coler, clechis the kny3te.

E, Eng, Met. Romances^ p. 23.

He cUJ^s owthe CoUbrande fuUe clenlyche bunieschte.

Morte Arthure^ J. 2123.

About 1400.
X44a

Miss Lahb&
1865.

Dr. Barber.
x87a

CLEG, sh. the gadfly.

Coll. Use (£. L.)
1875-

CLEM (S. Lane),

Hoo cleekt howd o' mi hond, an' away we seet to
ir heause. Betty o^ Yep^s Tale^ p. 3.

She cikkt t' glass ofFteeable an' wod gie him nowte.

Forness Folk, p. 33.

Icel. kleggi, the horse-fly.
Hoo sticks like a cleg^ an' will hev it.

1360W

) V, to Starve from want of food.
CLAM (K, Mid., and N. Lane), J Du. klemmen, to pinch; O. L.
Ger. {hi')klemman ; O. H. Ger. (bi')cA/gmmen, to clam ; Du.
klettmen^ to be benumbed with cold.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane) Ne best bite on no brom, ne no bent nauj^er,

Passe to pasture, ne pike non erbes,
Ne non ox to no hay, ne no horse to water ;
Al schal crye iox-clemmed,

E, Eng, Allit, R, C, 1. 392.

Hard is the choice
When valiant men must eat their arms or clem.
Every Man out of his Humour y iii , 6.

My intrails
. Were clammed with keeping a perpetual fast.

Roman Actor ^ ii., 2.

Bbn Jonson.

Massinger.
X620.

Lees ft Coufb.
1790.

Booath clemmin, un starvin, un never a fardin.
It ud welly drive ony man mad.

Harlandfs Lane, Ballads: **Jone o'
Grinfilt," p. 217.

Wi s' niver, I's insuer us,

Be nee&kt or clemmed or cald.

Folk-Speech Cumb., p. 86.

There's a brother o' mine lives wi* us ; he'd a been
clemmed into th' grave but forth' relief. — Factory Folk
during the Cotton Famine^ c x., p. 92.

Theau fastened on me like a clemmed leech.

FratchingtonSy c. iii , p. 35.

CLEWKIN, sh, twine, string. A.S. cliwcy a clew, hank ; Mid. E.
cleowe.

Aw've nowt nobbut a shillin', an* some copper, an*
a knife, an' a bit o' clewkin.

Marlocks 0/ Merriton, c. ii., p. a 8.

' Gibson.
(Dialect of High Furness.)
1866.

Waugh.
1867.

B. Bribrlry.

z86S.

B. Bribrley.
1867.

CLEWKIN'-GRIN, sb, a game-snare, made of twine. Clewkin
(which see), and A.S. grin, a snare. A grin is the true Mid. E.
form ; corrupted to gin, from confusion with engine.

Collier. He throttlt eawr poor Teawzer in o cleivkin-grin.

Works i p 44-

1750.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

8l

CLICK, sk a blow. " We have the notion of a short quick move-
ment in E. dial, clicks clink^ a smart blow.*' (Wedgwood). Cf.
Du. klink, a blow.

Coll. Usb.
X875.

Be quiet, or thaell get a click i'th ear-hole.

GLIM, V, to climb. See Clom.

Coll. Usb.
1875.

He dim up th' broo an' wur off like a redshank.

CLINKER, sb. a strong nail for shoes. Cf. Du. klinkm, to rivet.

[In Tim Bobbin's time, 1750, the men wore] very-
strong shoes, nailed with clinkers^ and fastened by
straps and buckles.

Jnlro, to Ed. of Tim Bobbin, p. viii.

His feet were sheathed in a pair oiclinkered ancle -
jacks, as heavy, and nearly as hard, as iron.

Besom Ben, c. i., 1. 6.

** Aw*m beawn to a chum-supper at Th* Nine
Oaks," said the fiddler. " Th' dule theaw art !" re-
plied Ben ** Eh, thae will tickle yon owd clinkert
shoon o* theirs up aboon a bit !"

Yeth'Bobs^ c. i., 1. 16.

CI-.INKER, sb, a hard metallic cinder. Du. kiinker, a brick.

Coll. Use. His grate bars are o' full o' clinkers,

X875. ^

Bamford.

X850.

Waugh.
1865.

Ibid.
1869.

CLIP, V. to embrace ; to cling round the neck. A.S. clyppan, to
embrace, clasp, make much of, admire. Mid. E. clippen ; Icel.

klypa^ to clasp.

The whiche reverently he clyppvd to hym, and wiih
coffis and terys watryd the fete of the crosse

Revelation to Monk of Evesham.
Arber's Reprint, p. 25.

pe cherl ful cherli J>at child tok in his armes.
And kest hit and clipped

William of Palerne, Sp. E. Eng p 140, 1. 62.

^ For whiche ful oft ech of hem seyde, ** O swete !
Clippe Ich yow thus, or elles I it meete."

Troylni and Crysede^ Bk ii., 1. 1294.

O, let me clip ye
In arms as sound as when I wood.

Corio. I., vi., 1. 29

As a d)ring meteor stains a wreath
Of moonlight vapour, which the cold night clips.
It flushed through his pale limbs, and passed to its
eclipse. Adonais^ st. xii.

About 1x96.

Anon.

1350-

Chaucer.
1386.

Shakspbrr.
x6o8.

Shelley.

Z83Z.

Waugh.
X87Z.

He's gone I he's gone I
Aw'm lonely under th' sky !
He'll never clip my neck again
An' tell me not to cry.

Lane. Songs V«I\\\^'s C3\^.n^.

82 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

CLIPPINS, ^b. pL something cut off; used in Lancashire as applied

to wool. Icei klippa, to cut, clip, shear ; klipping, a shearing ;

klippingr^ a shorn sheepskin.' Dan. Mippe^ to cut

Bamford. Whilst Sir John Cop* mun sit at top,

^3^* Upon a seek o' clippins.

Homely Rhymes^ p. 136. •

CLIT-CLAT, sh, a noise made by a talkative person. Cf. Du.
klikklaky the clashing of swords.

Coll. Use. Aw con yur (hear) his clit-clat gooin* on yet, as if

'^75. he'd only just started.

CLOAK'N (S. Lane.),] sh. the sharp part or cramp of a horse-shoe.
COAKIN (E. Lane), j E. calkin.

Shakspkrk & Fletcher. On this horse is Arcite,

About i6ia. Trotting the stones of Athens, which the calkins

Did rather tell \i,e. count] than trample.

Two Noble Kinsmen^ ed. Skeat, act v ,
sc. 4, 1. 54.

^" ^875^^^^^' Calkins^ the parts of a horseshoe which are turned

up and pointed to prevent the horse from slipping. Also
spelt cawkins and calkers. It is the diminutive of A.S,
calcy a shoe, a word probably borrowed from the Lat.
calceus. Florio explains the Italian rampone as "a
calkin in a horse's hoof to prevent him from slipping."
l^ote on above passage in new edition.

Coll. XJs^ Th' mare up wi hur coakin. an knockt it deawn.

1875.

CLOCK, sb, a beetle : generally used with a descriptive prefix, as
bracken-clock, black-clock, twitch-clock, and so forth. The entry
" chuleich, scarabaeus" occurs in an Old High Germ, gloss. See
Garnett's Essays, p. 68. No such word as clock is to be found in
A.S. dictionaries.

Coll. Use. Lane. Proverb : If yo kill a clock, it'll rain to-morn.

1875.

CI-.OCKS, sb, pL ornaments woven into a stocking.

Bamford. He's stockin's wi' clocks.

^^50. £cl. of Tim Bobbin, p. 149.

Coll. Use. Young Girl log. : Eh ! but I like clock -siockm's.

i975-

CLOD, sb, the ground. Cf. Dan. klat, a bit of ground.

Waugh We asked him whether the spot we were upon was .

*^57' Grislehurst ; and he replied, **Yo're upo' th' very

clod." — Lane. Sk. : Grave of Gris. Boggart, p. 204.

^?^° *• Th' dog would ha' toucht noan o' thee, iv thae'd

'^^5- bin upo' thi own clod,'' said Sally. ** Who arto ?"

Besom Ben^ c. v. p. 54.

CLOD, V, to throw missiles. Originally clod - clot, a lump ; then
to throw a lump of something.

Waugh. ** Mistress, dun yo know at yo'ri laft a mug eawt ?"

'867. «' Eh, ay," hoo says, " aw have." " Weil," he said ;

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 83

" hadn*t yo better tak it in ? There's a rook o' chaps
bin cloddin' at W—Tattlin' Matty, ii., 1. 19.

Coll. XJss. "Jem, does ta know yon felly?" "Now [no]."

1875- " Then clodd a stone at him. "

CLOG, sb, a shoe with a wooden bottom. Cf. G. klotz, a. block,
log ; klotZ'Schuh^ a wooden shoe ; Wedgwood.

Lanc. Broausidb. To Lunnon aw'll walk, wi meh clogs on meh feet

About ifeo. ^^i ^^^ ^^„^^ ^f i^„c p. 1 74 :

Jone o* Grinfilt.
Ramsbottom. Doff thi clogs and warm thi feet.

'^^*' Lanc. Rhymes^ Pv4'»

CLOM,

GLOME, ^ ^- ^^^"^^^^•
CLUM,

Chaucer. , Bat up I clombe with alle pa3me.

^384- House 0/ Fame, hV. iii., 1. 28.

Milton. So clomt this first grand thief into God's fold.

'667. Paradise Lost, iv., 1. 192.

William Morris. So when she had clomb up the slippery bank

1868. ^nfl let him go, well nigh adown she sank.

yasoftf p. 17.

Rkv. W. Gaskbll. The Lancashire dialect has been peculiarly reten-

'854* tive of the Anglo-Saxon preterite, generally preferring

the strong conjugation to the weak. A Lancashire

man does not say ** he climbed a hill," but he ** clom '*

it. — Led. Lanc, Dialect, p 24.

Coll. Use. h^ ^^^^ o»er th' wall, an' set off loike leetnin'.

1875.

CLOMP, \ V. to make a noise in walking. Cf. Du. klomp, a log, a
CLUMP, j clog, a wooden shoe.

Rev. W. Gaskell. Dost think at aw's ha nowt for t'do, bo go clumpin^

*854« up an deawn a-seechin' yore Tummus ?

Led Lanc, Dialect, p. 29.

John Scholbs. Deawn stairs aw clompt i' mi clogs, o' purpose to

«8s7' ma* Peggy yer [hear] ut aw wur gettin* mi ready.

Jaunt, p. 14.

o^S^^I /m \^''^\ \ ^^- /^- Pron. of clothes.
CLEEAZ (N. Lanc), J ^

CoLUBR. * As I'r donning meh thwooanish [wet] clooas, *

«75o. Works, p. 55.

Lanc Broadside. Eawr Marget declares, if hoo'd clooas to put on,

About 1816. Hoo'd go up to Lunnun to see the great mon.

Ball, and Songs of Lanc, : Jone o' Grinfilt
Junior, p. 172.

Waugh. So aw iron't o' my clooas reet weel,

'859' An aw hanged 'em o'th maiden to dry.

Songs : Come whoam to thi' Childer.

Dr. Barber. He donn't some sailor's cleeaz an watch't at back

*^70' of a dyke till full seea. Forness Folk^ ^. v>.

84 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

CLOOF, sb. a dough, a wooded ravine. Icel. klqfi, a cleft or rift
in a hill closed at the upper end. Mid. E. dough,

I440* The cragge with cloughes fulle hye.

Morte Arthuret 9^1-

Waugh. ** a jackass !" cried Jem. " Wheer ban yo let o*

'865. this ? " ' * We fund it powlerin abeawt i* th' cloqf,

yon," replied Enoch. Besom Ben^ v., p. 59.

CLOT-YED (South Lane), ) sh. a lout, a stupid fel-

CLOT-HEEAD (Mid., E., and N. Lane), } low. Cf. Du. kioet,
3L pole ; also, a booby. Dan. k/o/isj a log ; also, a lout

Coll Usb. i^t it abee, tha greyt clot-yed,

1875.

CLOUDBERRY, sb, Rubus chamcBmoruSy which grows on Pendle —
a semi-arctic plant, which Prof. Forbes considered to belong to
the glacial era. See Murray's Handbook for Lancashire^ p. 220.

Philemon Holland. But when Ribell commeth into Lancashire . . .

'"**• Pendelhill advanceth itselfe up to the skie with a

loftie head, and in the very top thereof bringeth forth
a peculiar plant which, as though it came out of the
elowdes, they tearme clowdes-bery, — Trans, of Cam-
den's Britain (ed. of 1637), p. 749.

CLOUT, V, to Strike or beat. Du. klotsm, to strike.

Coll. Usb. Aw*11 clout thi yed for thi if thae*rt not oflf.

1875. ^

CLOUT, sb. a cuff or blow with the hand.

1440' That he na gafe hym swylke a dowte,

Thornton Romances^ p. 1 13.
Shaksphrb. Scarus : O my brave Emperor, this is foHght indeed,

^°°^ Had we done so at first, we had droven them home

With clowts about their heads.

Ant. and Cleo.^ iv., sc. 7, 4.

Goll. Use. Give him a clout, mon, an' ha* done wi' it.

1875.

CLOUT, sb, a piece of cloth used for domestic' purposes, as dish-
clout; a patch of leather or iron. A.S. clUt, a little cloth j
Mid. E. clout^ clulian, clutien^ to patch. Icel. klutr^ a kerchief.
Dan. klud. Welsh dwt,

1280- A kevel [= gag] of clutes, Havelok, 547.

Langland. They wesshen hym and wyped hym and wonden hym

'377- in cloutes. Piers Plowman^ B-text, ii., 1. 220.

'^*°* Clowte of cloth (cloute ot ragge), scrutum, panni-

cuius, pannucia. Clowte of a schoo [= shoe], pic-
tasium. Prompt. Paru.

A clout about that head
Shakspere. Where late the Diadem stood, and for a Robe

^^*'3 About her lanke and all ore-teamed Loines,

A blanket. Hamlet, ii. 2, 1. 529.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

85

Shakspbrb.
x6x3.

Milton.
1634-

I thought he slept, and put
My cl9wted Brogues from off my feete, whose rudenesse
Answered my steps too lowd.

Cymheline^ iv. a, 1. 213.

The dull swain
Treads on it daily with his clouted shoon.

ComuSf 1. 634.

Waugh. a tattered clout may lap

1869. A very noble prize ;

A king may be, by hap,
A beggar i' disguise.

Lane. Sottas : God bless thi Silver Yure !

Waugh. I doubt there's moore clout than dinner about this

'^75' taje o' thine. Old Cronies^ c. vii., p. 67,

CL.OUT-NAIL, sb. a large nail, used for fixing iron clouts on the
wooden axle-trees of carts.

CLOZZUM, V, to embrace, to held fast, to clutch.

CLOZZUMS, sb. pi. talons, embraces, clutches.

CLUDDER, I V, to crowd or heap together. Welsh cludair, a pile,
CLUTTER, [ a heap ; cludeirio, to heap together ; A.S. dud, a
little hill.

In Lancashire, when things are heaped higgledy-
piggledy, it is common to say "they're aw in a
clutter^" or, ** they're aw cluttered together.'^

Led Lane. Dialect, p. Ii.

O* t* poor wimmin i' t' town cludder'd round about
'em wi' basens, pots, an cans of o' kinds.

Invasion o* U^ston, p. 5.

Th' fields are aw clutter t wi* daisies.

Rbv. W. Gaskbll.
1854.

J. P. MojtRis
1867.

Coll. Use.
1S75.

C LUNCH, sb, a clodhopper or boor. Cf. Dan. klunt, Du. klont, a

log.

CoTGRAVE. Casois, a country clown, boore, cluttck^ hinde.

'^'^' French Dictionary,

CLUNTER-YED, sb. a stupid fellow. See above.

COAK (E. and Mid. Lane), ) ^ » • .
COWk\s. Lane), ^' ,U. to strain, to vom.t.

Collier. I con heardly tell the, I'm so whaugish [= faint,

'750* sickly], for I'm ready t' cowk'n with th' thowts ont.

Work^, P- 45-

COB, V. to excel, to surpass. A.S. cop, a cap, top \ W. cop, a top.

Rbv. W. Gaskell. A common expression in Lancashire is, " that cobs

aw," which is equivalent to ** that beats everything,"
— the same idea. Led. Lane. Dialect, p. 8.

1854.

COB, V. to catch, to take hold of.

Cob howd of it mon, and dunna shoo it into th'
waten

Coll. Use.
1875.

86 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

COB, V. to strike, to throw. In Mid. Lane, to thrash, applied to
the master's punishment of boys at school. Welsh cob^ a knock,
thump ; cobio^ to knock, thump.

Rev. W. Gaskell. "When boys are throwing stones, you may often

^^54* hear them say ** give o'er cobbin.'^

Led. Lane. Dia'eet^ p. 8.

John Scholbs. Aw'll eob him into th' steyme wayter th' furst toime

'^57* ut aw catch him gooin' o courtin' up yon lone.

Jaunt, p. 1 8.

COB, sb, something round, as a cob of coal, a cob of bread. Welsh
cobyUy a bunch, cluster.

R"v. W. Gaskell. Lancashire men call a round lump of coal a ^^cob

'^^* of coal," and distinguish the larger pieces from the

small as *'^(?^-coal." Leei, Lane. Dialect^ p. 8.

^^"°"* Aw've just mended th' fire wi a cob.

' Lane, Songs . "Come Whoam.'*

COBBLE-STONE, sb. a rounded stone.

My Gammer sure intends to W uppon her bones,

With staves or with clubs, or else with coble-stones.

Gammer Gurton's Needle ^ ii , sc. 5.

COCKERS, sb, pi, stockings ; hose without feet. A.S. cocer, a
sheath ; Du. koker, a sheath, case, quiver.

West-Mid. Dial. With rent cokre^ at the kne.

'360. ^ ^„^ j^iii^^ Poems, B, 1. 40.

Langland. And cast on me my clothes yclouted and hole,

^377- My coheres and my coffes for colde of my nailles.

Piers Plowman, B-text, vi , 1. 6£.

1440. Cocur, boote. Ocrea, coturnus. — Prompt. Parv.

Brockett. There is a small place not far from Bolton, called

'^ Duff- Cocker, where, my friend Mr. Turner informs

me, it used to be the fashion for the country people

who came from church or market to pull off their

stockings, and walk barefoot home.

Gloss. North Country Words, p. 10 1.

COCKLE, V. to wrinkle. Properly, like coggle^ joggle, to shake or
jerk up and down, then applied to a surface thrown into hollows
and projections by partial shaking, by unequal contraction. A
cockling sea is one jerked up into short waves by contrary cur-
rents. (Wedgwood.)

Coll. Use. It's poor stuff— it'll cockle th* first time thae gets it

'^75' rained on.

COD, sb, a husk, a pod of peas or beans. A.S. codd, a scrip, small
bag \ Sw. kudde, a sack, bag, pod ; Icel. hoddi, a pillow ; Welsh
cod^ cwd, a bag or pouch.

CODDLE, V, to make much of, to pet, to over-nurse; also, to
parboil.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

87

COKE (N. and E.^Lanc.) sb. the pith of anything; the core of a
fruit. Du. kolk, a, pit, hollow, whirlpool ; cf. Gael caoc/i, empty,
hollow.

Alle erthe by skille may likend be
Til a rounde appel of a tre,
That even in myddes has a colJ^t,

Pricke of Conscience^ 1. 6443.

Tille an appylle she is lyke,

» * « « «

Hampolb.
1340.

Yorkshire Dial.
i45o«

It is full roten inwardly,
At the colke within.

Townley Mysteries^ 281.

COLLOCK, sb, a large pail. Cf. Icel. kolla^ a pot or bowl without feet.

COLLOP, sb, a, slice ; a rasher of bacon. Mr. Wedgwood says :
" From c/qp or co/pf representing the sound of a lump of some-
thing soft thrown on a flat surface. Du. k/ofiy It. coZ/a, a blow."
Cf. Sw. klappa, Du. kloppen^ to beat. But the word occurs in
Old Swedish. Ihre says — " Koilops, edulii genus, confectum ex
carnis fragmentis, tudite lignea probe contusis et raaceratis."

I have no salt bacoun
Ne no kokeney, bi cryst, coloppes for to maken.

Piers Plowman^ B-text, vi., 1. 286.

Fye, Joan, that thou wilt be so obstacle :
God knowes, thou art a collop of my flesh.

First Hen. VI. v., 4, 1. 17.

Because he covereth his face with his fatness, and
maketh collops of fat on his flanks. — Job. xv. 27.

Langland.
1377-

Shakspbrb.
J592.

Biblr.
z6io.

Waugh.

1859,

Harland.
1867.

There's some nice bacon collops o*th hob,
An' a quart o* ale-posset i' th' oon.

Lane, Songs : *♦ Come Whoam."

Originally, collops were simply slices of bread, but
these were long ago discarded for slices or rashers of
bacon. — Lane, Folk-Lore ^ p. 217.

COLLOP-MONDAY, sb. the Monday before Lent.

Harland. In Lancashire and other Northern counties, three

'^^7* days in Shrovetide week had their peculiar dishes ;

viz.. Collop Monday ^ Pancake Tuesday, and Fritters
Wednesday. — Lane, Folk-Lore^ p. 217.

COLLYWEST, adj. in the other way, or opposite direction ; en-
tirely wrong ; contrary. This is said, in Hartshorne*s Salopia
Antiqua^ to have a proverbial reference to Colley Weston, in
Northamptonshire.

Never mind him ; he ne'er agrees wi' onybody ;
he's awluz collywest,

A.S. com^ pt. t. of cuman : Ic com, I came.

Coll. Usb.

187s.

COM,
COOM

'ki '■

came.

Langland.
1362'

K.EV. W. Gaskbll.
185.4^

Beestes that now ben mouwen banne the tyme
That evere that cursede caym com upon eorthe.

Piers Plowman, A-text, x., 1. 165.

A Lancashire man does not say he "came," but he
**Goome." Led, Latic, Dialect^ 1^. ie^.

88 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

COME-AT, V. to come near. •

Coll. Usk. Ilowd back ! Let me come-at him.

1875-

COME-BY, V. to obtain; also, obtained, won.

Coll, Use. Aw his brass hez bin honestly come-by.

1875.

COMFORTABLE, sb. a woollen wrapper for the throat.
COMM, V, to comb. A.S. cemhan, Mid. E. kemhen^ to comb.

Coll. Use. Wesh thi face an' comm thi yure.

1S75.

COMN. V, pL and fp, come, as " they are comn.'

Waugh. AwVe jusf time to gi' tho another bit ov a ditty

^^^' afore we comn to yon heawse. What's it to be ?

Sneck-Bant^ c. iv., p. 70.

CON (N. Lane), sb, a squirrel. Cf. E. co7ieyy a rabbit.

North Lang. Dialect. Our young friend dissipated our fears by telling us

'^''* that con was only the provincial name for a squirrel.

Lonsdale Magazine^ ii., 124.

CONDI.E, V. to get angry.

CONNY (N. Lane), adj, large ; app. to quantity or size.

J. p. Morris. There's a conny lock on *em thrang i' t' hay-field

^^^ owerbye. Furness Gloss., p 11.

Dr. Barber. Jim Jjad suppt a conny lot, but he was nin soft.

^^70. Forness Folk, p 4.

CONNY (North and East Lane), adj. handsome, good-looking,
agreeable, snug, clever, knowing. Cf. Icel. konr, royal ; A.S.
cyne, royal, gentle. Some of the meanings are to be referreil to
the root ken, to know. Cf. Sc. canny.

Coll. Use (N. Lane.) Ay, he's a gay conny fella, an' th' lasses like him

'^75- weel.

COOTER, sb, Pron. of coulter, a ploughshare.

roWTH I ^^' ^ cold. A.S. C0l/t, cotha, disease, sickness.

"SO* Cothe other qualm.

Old Eng. Horn., Second Series, 1. 177.

^440- Cothe, syncope. Prompt. Parv.

COP, sb, the top or head of anything. A.S. 'COpp, W. cop, the head,
top, apex. O. Fris. hop, the head.

Dorset Dialect. From the tures coppe. Ancrm Ri^ule^ 1. 228.

X220.

Wyclif. The coppis of the hillis. v Genesis, c. 8.

1380.

Chaucer. XJpon the cop right of his nose he hade

^386. A werte Prologue to Cant. Tales, 1. 554.

Ibid. Thoo gan I up the hille to goone

And fonde upon the cop a woone.

House of Fame, iii , 75.
Ben Jonson. Marry she's not in fashion yet ; she wears a hood,

' '^' hut 't stands a-cop. Alchemist, ii., 6.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 89

COP, sb. a small oval-shaped bundle of spun cotton thread, pre-
pared in that form for the manufacturer of cloth. W. cob, a tuft

COPPY, sb. a small field.

Dr. Barber. He hed a hvM-coppy i* t* front o' t' house, reet afoar

*^7o- t' winda, but bars went across to keep t' bull frae

brekkin it. Forness Folk, p. 44.

COPPY-STOOL (N. and E. Lane), sb. a. small stool for children.

COPSTER, sb. a spinner. See Cop. Cf. W. cob, a tuft ; also, a
spider.

CORBY, sb. a carrion crow ; the raven. Mid. E. corbyal ; Lat.
corvus; Icel. korpr ; Swed. korp ; O. Fr. corbeL

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) That wat5 the raven so ronk that rebel wat3 ever ;
'360. i^g ^2& colored as the cole, corbyal untrue.

E Eng. Allit. Poetm^ B. 1 455.

Gawin Douglas. Quhil corby gaspyt for the fervent heit.

'5X3- Prol ^neid, Bk. xii., 1. 174.

CORN-BOGGART, sb. a scarecrow, set up to frighten birds from
the wheat.

Waugh. It'd make a rare corn-boggart I There's no gradely

^^74- brids i* this world 'at durst come within hauve a mile

o' thoose brids 'at's i* that pictur I

Chimney Comer: Manchr. Critic ^ Feb. 27.

COSTN, /W. //. of the verb Cost.

COSTRIL, sb. a small barrel. Mid. E. costrelU, a small barrel.

Chaucer. And thferwithal a costrel taketh he tho

'3^^- And seyde, " Hereof a draught, or two,

Yife hym to drynke whan he gooth to reste."

Legende of Goode Women; Ypermystre, 105,

COTTER, sb. a blow.

Coll. Use. Aw gan him such a cotter as hell noan forget.

COTTER, V. to drive with blows.

Miss Lahbb. Beawt moor ado aw cotter* d th' cat out.

'^^5- Carter's Struggles, p. 24.

COTTER, V. to fasten, to secure.

Coll. Use. CotUr them shutters, an' let*s get to bed I

1875. * ^

COTTER (S. Lane), ) , . • * r . 1. u

COTTRILL (E. and Mid. Lane), [ '^^ ^" ^'^" P^" *^ ^^'^'^ ^ ^°^'-

COTTERS, sb. pi. entanglements.

Coll. Use. I can't get th' cotters out o* mi hair.

1875- ^

COUP (N. Lane), sb. a cart, i.e. a cart that can be couped or tilted

90

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

COW, V, to rake or scrape together. See Coui, to scrape; Coulrake,
a scraper, in HalUweirs Diet.

Mid. Lancashire. It was also ordered that "all persons refusing to

'734- clean or cow the streets opposite their respective

houses should be fined 6d. after notice from the Serjeant

with his bell " (Minute Book of Kirkham Bailiffs.)

Fiskwick's Hist. Kirkham, c. i., p. 24.

COW- GRIP, sb, a trench in a shippon, to carry off the water.

COW-QUAKES (Fylde), sb.pl. cold winds in May.

COW- RAKE, sb. a rake without prongs, for scraping up mud. See
Cow.

Miss Lahkb.
1865.

Beawt moor ado aw cotter'd th* cat out wi' th'
cowrake^ for aw wor feeort on it oather bitin' or
scratchin* mi. Carter* s Struggles, p. 24.

sb. COW dung. Skarn = Icel.
skam, A.S. scearn^Mxdi. E.
sharfif dung.

John Briggs.
1822.

COW-SKARN (N. Lane ),
COW-SHARN (E. and Mid. Lane),
COW-CLAP (S. Lane),
COW-SWAT (N. Lane),

CRAA (N. Lane), sb. a crow.

CRAAM (N. Lane.) sb. a curved three-pronged fork, used in getting
cockles. Called crofne in Norfolk, a form which occurs in the
Paston Letters. Cf. Du. krom, crooked.

They struck a small instrument with three crooked'
prongs, called a craam, into the sand, close beside
these holes, where they were sure to find a cockle.

Remains, p. 32.

Cf. Welsh creciiifi, to chatter.

Aw can do wi a crack o*er a glass.

Lane. Songs: Come Whoam to thi Childer.

I hope I'm not tirin' ye wi' these aad-warld cracks
o' mine. Jannock, c. vii., p. 62,

CRACK, V. to boast. A.S. cracian is to crack; but crake is to croak;
to crow. Cf. Icel. krdka, a crow. Mid. E. crake, to break, boast.

He crakkede boost [boast] and swor it was not so.

Reeves Tale^ 1. 81.
And Ethiopes of their sweet complexion crack.

Love's Labour Lost, iv. 3, L 268.

CRACK, sb. a chat.

Waugh.

1859.

Ibid.

(Furaess Dialect)

1874.

Chaucer.
1380.

Shakspbre.
1598.

Coll. Use.
1875-

He's awluz crackin* about his feyther, as if nob'dy
else could do nowt bur him.

CRACKED, adj. silly, foolish, witless.

Waugh. ** Some folk reckon't he're crack^t,^'* continued

Ben. " Well," replied Randal, * he happen wur,
a bit. Mon, he coom ov a crack't mak' ; an' he 're like
to keep th' owd system." — Sneck-Bant, c. ii., p. 28.-

1868.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 9 J

CRADDA (N. Lane), sb, a lean person or aniraaL

Coll. Usb. Wy thou^s grown a fair cradda,

1875. **

CRADDY (S. Lane), ]

C RATTAN (Leyiand), [ ^^' ^ ^*^^'' ^ surpassing act, a challenge.
C RODDY (Oldham), J

Rev. W. Gaskslu A common amusement with boys is to set one an-

'®5** other what they call "craddies," trials of strength

and daring ; and I have sometimes fancied that this
word (as no other better derivation has been given of
it) might be derived from the Welsh crad^ which sig-
nifies heat, vigour, strength, as in this game these
qualities are required. — Led, Lane. Dialect^ p. 10.
Waugk. They had made up their minds, as Enoch said, to

'^^' " set th' owd Jad a bit ov a craddy. "

Besam Ben^ c. vi. , p. 62.
B. BRifiRLEY. Geoffrey set a ^'craddie,'' as he called it. He

'^^* jumped the brook and dared you to follow.

Bed fVindaws Hall, c. xii., p. 96.

CRAMM'D, part, snappish, ill-tempered.

Miss Lahbh, *• Hello, theer, what the hangments don yo want

^^^5' here at this toime o'th* neet ? Donnot yo see at we're

o* i' bed?" ** Well, well, donnot be so cram'd,
mon." Carter* s Struggles, p. 56.

C RANCH, V, to grind anything with the teeth; to eat green fruit.

CRANKY, adj. difficult to deal with ; .awkward tempered.

Waugh. He're a fine, straight-forrud man, wi* no maffle

'8S5' abeawt him, for o* his quare, cranky ways.

Lane. Sketehes: Cottage of Tim Bobbin, p. 55.

CRAP, V, to put strips of leather on the sole of a clog or wooden
I shoe.

Coll. Use. He's a handy chap — he can crap his own clogs.

1875.

CRAP, sh, money.

Collier. "Tm poor, God wot." " Heaw so?" •* My

i75<^ crapes aw done." Works, p. 33.

CRAPPLE, V. to scramble.

Waugh. As soon as he could erapple up to his feet again, he

^^74* went at this gatepost, hommer an* tungs, wi' his fists.

Chimney Corner: Manch. Critic, March 28.

CRATCHINLY, adv, and adj, feebly, weakly.

Collier. There's an owd cratchenly gentleman, ot wooans

'750- [lives] ot yon heawse. Works, p. 56.

B. Brierlry. ** These owd timber-lifters," he said, taking stock

'^' of his legs, ** are gettin' as crate kin ly as an owd wis-

ket. They keepn foin' eaut wi' one another upo' th'
road." Bed Windows Hall^ c. xi.^ p. 82.

92 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

CRATCHINS, s"^. the riefuse or parched membrane left after lard,
tallow, or any fatty substance is melted or rendered.

CREAWSE, adj. amorous, lascivious. Mid. E cms, which occurs
in Havelok, 1. 1966; perhaps from Swed. krusa, (i) to curl, (2)
to compliment excessively ; see Atkinson. Sc. crouse.

CREE, V, to soften wheat, barley, or rice by simmering.
CREEAN (N. Lane.) v, to bawl, to shout.
CREEL, sb, a frame to wind yarn upon.

CREEM, V. to give or take privately , also, in the latter sense, to
steal.

Collier. 1 cawd for summot t*eat Hoo browt me some

'75o» hog-mutton on special turmits. I creant Nip neaw

on then o lanshun [/.^., I stole Nip (the dog) now
and then a luncheon]. Works^ p. 53.

CREETCHY, adj. sickly, ailing, feeble, shaky.

Coll. Use. His barns are creetchy-X^'t an* poorly.

1875.

CREWEL-BO, sb. a ball covered with parti-coloured worsted.

CRICK, Bb. a local pain, particularly applied to a pain in the neck.
Mid. E. criky spasms. Cf. W. crych^ a wrinkle. Allied to crock,

Thou might stomble and take the crik.

Rel. Antiq., ii. 29.

^A^^ Crykke, sekeness, crampe, spasmus, tetanus.

Prompt. Parv.

Coll. Use. Aw've got a crick i* mi neck wi' sittin' wi th' dui

'^75* oppen.

CRICKET, sb. a stool or low seat.

Wm. Cartwright. I'l stand upon a cricket^ and there make

'^♦'' Fluent orations to 'em.

Comedies • '* Lady Errant."

Collier I poo*d o cricket , an keaw'rt meh deawn i*th' nook.

'750- ^ Works ^ p. 52.

Bam FORD. Poo that cricket to th' foyer.

^850. Ed. Tim Bobbin p. 151.

CRILL, sb, a shiver.

Waugh. He began to be aware that there was a deeper

' ^ silence around him than before, and it sent a cold

crill all over him. Besom Ben, c. iv., p. 37.

J|3°* Aw felt a bit of a cowd crill, for summut towd mo

'* there wur misfortin afoot.

Dead Man^s Dinner^ c. ii., p. 18.

CRINKLE (S. Lane), v. to bend under a weight A.S. crincan, to
cringe, submit. Cf. Icel. kring^ round ; kringla^ a circle , Du.
krinkelen^ to wind about.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 93

CROMPY (S. Lane), ) ,. ^^^ of action restless.
CRAMPY (E. Lane.),) ^' ' restless.

CRONK, sb, the note of a raven. Also, croaking, prating. Icel.
kriinky the raven's cry ; krunka^ to croak.

Coll. Use (E. L ) ' Let's ha less o* ihxcronk ; thaa*rt wur nor a crow.

1875.

CRONK, V, to croak, to prate. See Cronk ante.
CRONKY, adj. rough, uneven. See Cranky.

CROODLE, V. to hum or murmur quietly to oneself.

Waugh. The child croodled thoughtfully \.o himself for a

'^^" minute or two, whilst his mother went on dressing

him ; and then, suddenly turning up his face, he said,
** Eawr little Ben's i'th' bury-hole, isn't he, mam ?"

Sneck-Bantf c. iii., p. 53.

CROOIN' (E. Lane), v, creeping close together.

CROOKELT, \ adj. crooked. Du. kreukelen, to crumple ; Piatt
CROOT, J Deutsch, >&r«>^/«.

R"v- W. Gaskell. There are some words common to the Dutch and

«854« tiie Lancashire that are not found in the Anglo-Saxon,

or appear in a difterent form. Thus, in Dutch,
kreukelen is to crumple ; and in Lancashire we hear
of a crookdt pin ; and when a person has displaced
or twisted things, ** he's gone an' crookeli 'em.''

Led, Lane. Dialect^ p. 27.

B. Bribrley. Aw'U stop here an' wind for thee till aw'm as croot

1868. as owd Ailse o' Beaukers. Fratchingtons^ p. 52.

CROP, V, to spring.

Ramsbottom. Bo jeighs [joys] crop up i' th' midst o* cares.

'^<' Lane. Rhymes^ p. 12.

CROPE, V, p. t. of the verb to creep = crept. A.S. Ic credp, I crept;
Mid. E. croPf creop.

Langland. Crope into a kaban for colde of thi nailles.

^377- Piers Plowman^ B-text, iii., 1. 190.

Chaucer. He wende have crope by his felaw Jon,

^380' And by the myller in he creep anon.

Reeves Tale, 1. 339.

Collier. Aw crope fur into th' chimney. Works, p. 52.

John Scholes. Aw slipt off mi shoon, un crofe sawfli eawt.

*857' Jaunt, p. 14.

Waugh. One neet aw crope whoam when my weighvin were

'859- o'er. Lane. Songs: "Jamie's Frolic," 1. i.

^* ^'ilf '*''^^- " Where's Jammie o' Tums ? " demanded Bowley.

'^' ** He crope eawt abeaut an heaur sin," replied Sogger.

Mar locks of Merriton^ ^, ^o.

94 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

CROPPEN, /.^ crept k,^, p. p. cropen,

Rbv. W. Gaskbll. The Lancashire dialect often retains the Anglo*

*®^ Saxon "en" of the past participle, in cases where it

is omitted in the present English. For instance, in*
stead of ** crept," we have ** croppen.^^

Led, Lane, Dialect^ p. 25.

John Scholks. Wi'n croppn close together, wi'm so feeurt, un

'857' durst goo na furr. yaunt^ p. 60.

Waugh. Just when tV storm wur ut th' height, aw geet

'^^^ croppen into a grand owd chimbley-nook.

Sneck'Banty c. i., p. 8.

CROSS-PATCH, sb. a peevish person. " Patch, a fool ; perhaps
from wearing z patched or parti-coloured coat. Thus Shakspere
in Mer, Ven. ii. 5, ^Iht patch is kind enough, but a huge feeder.'
The term cross-patch meant originally * ill-natured fooL' " (Nares.)

Coll. Usb. Eh, what a cross-patch hoo is 1 It's a wonder thae

*875- can live wi* her.

CROUSE (N. and E. Lane), adj\ brisk, pert. See Creawse.

O. E. cms, crouSy brisk, nimble, angry.

N.E. Mid. Dialkct. And drive hem ut thei he weren crus.

About J280. Havclok, 1. 1966.

Burns. Now they're crouse and canty baith,

'786. Ha, ha, the wooing o't. Duncan Gray,

CROVUKT (N. Lane), crushed up, crowded. Welsh crybwch^
shrunk.

J. p. Morris. We wer o' crovukt in a heeftp.

*^* Fumess Glossary ^ p. 23.

CROW-BOGGART, sb. a scare-crow.
CROWD, sb, a fiddle. Welsh crwth, a fiddle.

Spknskr. Harke ! how the minstrils gin to shrill aloud

'^^ Their merry musick that resounds from far.

The pipe, the tabor, and the trembling croud^
That well agree withoutcn breach or jar.

Epithalamiony I. 129.

CROW-GATE, sb, the du-ect road, as the crow flies.

Waugh. If he wishes to know the country and its inhabi*

'^55- tants, he must get off that, ** an' tak th' crow-gate:'

Lane. Sketches y p. 43.

CROWNER,) ,
CRUNNER, I '^- ^ ^^'^°^'-

Shaksperb. Oliver : Go thou and seek the crowner, and let him

'^»- Bit o* my coz. Twelflh Night, I 5, 1. 3.

^^ Second Clown : Therefore make her grave straight ;

* ^ the cr owner hath sate on her, and finds it Christian

buriall. Hamlet^ v. i., 1. 3

Coll. Usb. Eh dear o' me I Th' crunner '11 ha' to sit o'er him.

X875.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

95

CROW-SWING, 5^., a bar in a chimney to hang pans upon.

CRUD, \ V. to curdle. Welsh crwdy a round lump j Mid. E.

CRUDDLE, I

Wyclif.

crudden^ to curd, coagulate.

Whether not as mylc thou hast mylkid me, and as
chese thou hast crudded me ? Job^ x. 10.

1440- Cruddittj coagulare. Prompt Parv.

Spenskk. Comes the breme Winter with chamfred browes,

'579« Full of wrinckles and frostie furrowes,

Drerily shooting his stormy darte,
Which cruddles the blood and pricks the harte.

Shepheardes Calenaer^ Februarie, 1. 43.

Coll. Use
1875.

Th* milk*s crttddPt again ; it's that thunder.

CRUDS, sb,pL curds. Welsh crwd^ a round lump , Mid. E. crudde^
curd-

Langland. a fewe cruddes and creem.

^377. Piers Plowman, B-text, vi. 284.

1440- CruddCf coagulum. Prompt. Parv.

S. Gosson. Making black of white, chalke of cheese, the full

moone 01 a messe of cruddes

Schoole 0/ Abuse (Arber's Ed), p. 18.

1579-

Collier.
1750.

John Scholbs.
X857.

Ibid.

Waugh.
1868

Coll. Usb. Street cry ! ** Cruds an* whey, cruds an* whey I "

1875-

CRUDDLE, ) V, to bend ; to sink down from weakness. Allied to

CRUTTLE, ) crouch.

Vx ready t' cruttle deawn, for theau moot o knockt
meh o'er with a pey. IVorkSy p. 56.

He cudnah help hissel, boh he quoyutly cruttVd
deawn between th two cheers [ chairs] .

Jaunt, p. 47

Aw laight [laughed] till mi soides wur us cruttVt us
O pair o' blacksmith's ballys. Jaunt, p. 38.

He cruttle* t into th' nook, like a freetn't hedgehog.

Sneck-Bant, c. ii., p. 35

CRUMMOCK. sh, a crooked stick. Cf. Du. krom^ crooked.

T. T. Wilkinson. Lane. Proverb ! He'll go through th' wood, an' ta'

'^73- th' crummotk at last. — Lane, Legends, &*f., p. 201.

CRUMPER, sh, a big, strong, thorough fellow ; also, somethmg
done in a forcible and complete way.

Waugh. Jone : "Ned's some gradely good points in him,

'^53« too." Sam.: "There isn't a quarer o' this country-

side, as hea't be ; an' there's some crumpers amoon
th' lot." Lane. Sketches, p. 27.

Ibid. «« Well, if ever I " said Betty ; " that sheds [excels]

'^74. o' ! " •* It's a crttmper for sure," said Flop, ** an' it •

reminds me o' Ben o* th' Biggins an' th' gate-post."
Chimney Corner : Manch, Critic^ March 28.

CRUTCH, z/. to crowd.

95 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

CUCKOO-MEAT, sb, a large clover.

CUCKOO-SPIT, sb, the froth found on grass or plants, enclosing
an insect ( Cicada spumaria)^

Waugh. Yt was one of those old-fashioned hedges which

country Jads delight in * * where they could fight
and tumble about gloriously * * then roll slap
into the wet ditch at the bottom, among ''^cuckoo-
spit'''* and **frog-rud," and all sorts of greeik pool
slush. Lane, Sketches^ p. 189.

CUCKSTOOL, sh. the stool upon which shrews were formerly
ducked. It was in use in Manchester as late as 1775, and was
a wooden chair placed upon a long pole, which was balanced on
a pivot, and suspended over a pond called Pool-house and Pool-
fold ; afterwards it was placed over the Daub-holes (Infirmary
pond), and was employed for the punishment of scolds and pro-
stitutes. See Manchester Historical Recorder^ in which there is
a facsimile of an old engraving of the cuckstool. According to
Blount, this apparatus was in use in the Saxon era, when it was
named the sccalfing-stoL

Randolph. Plus. And here's a cobler's wife brought for a scold.

1643* Nim. Tell her of cooking-stooles.

Muses Looking- Glasse,

Harlan D &* Wilkinson. That the cuck-stcol was in request at Liverpool as
^873* late as the year 1695 "'^^y he inferred from an item in

the parochial expenditure of that year, which runs
thus : — ** Paid Edward Accres for mending the cuck-
stool^ fifteen shillings." According to Mr. Richard
Brookes { Liverpool from 1775 to 1800), it was in use
in 1779. At Ormskirk, the ducking-stool was re-
moved in 1780. It was in use to x late period at
Great Carlton, in the Fylde, and in the ancient
borough of Kirk ham.

Lancashire Legends' and Traditions^ p. 167— -,171 .

CUCKSTOOL-DUB, $b, the pool in which the cuckstool was used.

CUD'N, pi. of the verb could.

CULVER, sh» the dove or pigeon. A.S. culfre,

Spenser. Lyke as the culver on the bared bough

^595' Sit3 mourning for the absence of her mate.

Sonnet 88.

iBin. AH comfortlesse, upon the bared bow,

^590- Like wofuU culvers^ doo sit wayling now.

Teares oj the Muses ^ 1. 245.

CUMMINS, sb. pL sprouts of barley in malting.
CURTNER, sb. a curtain.

CUSH,
CUSHY,

sb, a child's name for a cow. Icel. kussa^ a cow ; kus^
a. word used to call cows.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 97

CUSHY-COW-LADY, sd. the lady-bird or lady-fly ; coccinella.

CUT, sb. a canal.

Wauoh. After the superintendent had gone away, some of

*867. tjie men g^i^j much and more, and ** if ever he towd

ony moor lies abeawt *em, they'd fling him into th'
r«/." Home Life Factory Folk^ iii. 30.

CUT, sh, a. weaver's term for a piece of calico when taken from the
- loom.

Bamford. ** How much may you have for weaving a yard of

*844' calico?" **A yard, mon ! they*n so mitch a cut."

** And how many yards are there in a cut?" *• Why,
theer*s thirty yards i* th* Smithy-nook cal' [calico] ;•
an they gettin' fro a shilling to eighteenpence a ait"
Walks in South Lancashire p. 27a

^^^ Toilonett is a neat light cloth, made of black cotton

warp, and shot with white wooUen yam in hand
The pieces, or cuts^ are thirty yards in length. A
weaver will be four days in dressing his warp, and
about eight in weaving a cut, — Jbid, pp. 29, 30.

CUTS, sb.pL lots, or chances; pieces of paper, sticks, or straw,
cut into different lengths, and then used in drawing lots.

Chauckk. Now draweth cut, er that we forther twynne ;

'3*^ Which that hath the schortest schal bygynne.

" Sire knight," quoth he, " maister and my lord.

Now draweth cut, for that is myn accord."
« • « « *

Anon to drawen every wight bigan,

And schortly for to tellen as it ^as.

Were it by aventure, or sort, or cas,

The soth is this, the cut fil to the knight,

Of which ful glad and blithe was every wight.

Prologue Cant, Tales, 1. 835.

Shakspere. Dromio S, You are my elder.

X598. Dromio E, That's a question, how shall we trie it ?

Dromio S, Wee'l draw cuts for the signior; till
then ; lead thou first.

Com, of Errors, v. i. 420.

IzAAK Waltoh. Piscator : Come on, my masters, who begins ? I

^^53' think it best to draw cuts, and avoid contention.

Peter: It is a match. Look, the shortest cut falls
to Coridon.

Coridon : Well, then, I will begin, for I hate con-
tention. Complete Angler, c. v.

Coll. Usb. Let's draw cuts for it ; that'll be fair enough.

X875.

CUTTER, vi to make much of. Allied to coddle, cuddle.

CoLLiBR. I dunnaw meeon heaw folk harbort'n't or cuttertnU

*7So. o'er thee. Works, p. xxxvi.

CUTT'RIN, sb, muttering, whispering." O. Sw. kuUra, to chatter;
Sw. kutira, to coo.

H

98

JLANCASUIRE GLOSSARY.

D.

DAB, sb. a blow with something moist or dirty.

Coll. Usb.
1875-

If lie comes conrtin' here again of a Friday neet
awll give him a dab wi* th* dish-clout

DAB, adj. clever, expert Probably as doing a thing at a dab, or
skilfully and quickly.

DAB, sb. a clever person, an expert.

Waugh.
X874.

I*ve often heard 'em say that he was qnite a dab
at a bit o' tailorin* or shoemakin'.

yannack, c. 8, p. 82.

DACKER, adj. unsettled ; generally applied to the weather.

DAD, sb. father. W. fad; Lapponic dadda (in children's language),
father. Almost, says Wedgwood, as univecsally spread as Baba
or Papa.

Bastard: Zounds, I was never so bethumpt with
words.
Since first I cal'd my brother's father dad.
King John^ ii. i, 466.

Shakspbrb.
1598-

Ramsbottom.

X864.

Waugh.
x86d

Ibid.
1875.

If ther wur bo some wark for his dad.
An' bis mam ud keep th* diings Will could do ;

For his velveteen breeches hoo'd sowd.
An' his jacket, his cap, an' shoon, too.

Lane. Rhymes^ p. 19.

** Here, <fe</," cried he, holding out the remains of
his bread and cheese to a tall mower who sat below ;
"here, dad^ aw connot height no moor." . . .
Then stretching out his arms, he said, ** Dady heighve
mo deawn. Aw want to goo and play mo wi' yon
tother.^' Ben and th' Bantam^ c. iii., p. 54.

Tom Pobs wur a good-nature't sort ov a lad ;
He wove for his livin', an' live't with his dad.

Old Cronies^ c. v., p. 50.

V. to lead. Richardson says dade is a word
peculiar to Michael Drayton (a native of
Warwickshire) ; and Dr. Johnson says it
means — ^to hold up by a leading-string. To dade, continues
Richardson, seems to = to move, or cause to move, cautiously,
slowly. Allied to dandle. »

Which, nourished and bred up at her most plenteous

pap,
No sooner taught to dade^ but from their mother trip,
And in their speedy course strive others to outstrip.

Polyolbion, s. i.

DAD,

DADE,

DA WD (E. Lane), J

DSAVTON.
1622.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 99

I>RAYTON. The little children when they learned to go,

•^**" By painful mothers €hded to and fro.

Earl of Surrey to Lady Geraldine.

Wattgr. ** Aw'm settin' done Hp,*' to their Betty he said ;

>8s9' «' Dost think thae could doff mo an dad mo to bed ? "

Lane, Songs : Owd Enoch, p. 73.

DADDLE (E. and Mid. Lane), v, to assist a child to walk.

D ADDLE, V. to red or waver on the road. Cf. F. dandiner.
"-'Dandintr^ to go gaping illfavouredly, looking unsteadily;"
Cotgrave.

DADIN'S, )

DADLIN'S (E. Lane) ( ,r ^/ u^ j:„„ cf«r>rro

DAWDLIN'S (E. Lane.), '^' ^^- ^^^^^^ ^*™«'-

DADIN'-STRENGS (S. E. Lane), J

John Scholbs. » AwVe livt e* Smobridge ewur sin* awre e' dadin*

«857' strengs,

DAFF, V. to daunt Allied to deave, q.v.

DAFFOCK, sb. a slattern. Mid. E. daffe-^ocV. See Daffey,

Coll. Use (E. Lane.) Whod a dajjfbek hoo is I

1875.

DAFFY (N. and E. Lane), sb, a foolish person. Mid. E. daffe, a

dolt. Cf. Old Sw. dofj stupid ; Moeso-Goth. daubs, dull, hard of

heart ; IceL dqfi^ torpor ; dofna, to be dead or numb, appl. to a

limb.

Langlanb. <• J)ou dotest <fe^," qua)) heo, "dulle are ]>i wittes."

'36a. Piers Plowman, A-text, i., 1. 129.

Ibid. ** fow doted daffe,'' quod she, ** dulle arne J4 wittes."

«377. iJu/, B-lext, i., 1. 138.

Chaucbs. And when this jape is told another day,

'380. I sal be held a daf, a cokenay. — Reeves Tale, 1. 287.

Z44A Daffe, a dastard, or he that spekyth not yn tyme.

Prompt, Parv.

Ye men-folk er sic buzzards, if ye sa a brog on t*
*869» sand ye wod think it wos t* French. I've nea patience

J. P. Morris.

wi* sic daffys. Siege *' Brouton^ p. 6

DAFFY-DOWN-DILLY, sb. the daffodil

Spensbr. Strowe me the ground with Daffadowndillies,

i579» And Cowslips, and Kingcups, and loved Lillies.

Shepheardes Calender : April, 1. 140.

Old Song. Roses and lilies and daffy-down^illies.

Com. in Lane.

DAFT, adj. soft, foolish, silly. See Daffey. Dqffe + ed, ue. verb
formed from sb., and then p. p. of verb used.

Sir D. Lyndesay. Thou art the digest fuill that ever I saw.

»5S«» Three Estaits,

ICX> LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY,

Burns. Or maybe, in a frolic daft^

1786. Yo Hague or Calais taks a waft.— T^a Dogs^ 1. 151J,

J. P. MoKRis. On he went croonin t'll his-sel scraps of a daft aid

^867. sang he'd ofFen heelUxl sung at t* Spavin*d Horse.

Lebby Beek Dobby^ p. 6.

Coll. Usil Come sharpen op mon, thae looks as if thae'rt daft.

1875.

DAG, V, to shear sheep. Mid. E. daggen, to cut into jagged edges-
The expression ** leet dagge his clothes " in Piers the Plowman,
B. XX. 142, means— "he caused his clothes to be curiously cut,''
in allusion to the fashion of the period.

DAG, sb. a leathern latchet.

DAG, sd, dew on the grass. IceL dogg, dew; see also Icel.y^^r,
damp, wet, lit. ** doughy." Cf. Icel. deig^ dough; Mceso-Goth.
daigs, dough, from a verb of which the earliest trace is the
Moeso-Goth. deigan^ to form by hand, as a potter forms clay.

DAG, V, to trail in the dew, wet, or mire. See Dag ante. IceL

doggva, to bedew.

B. Bribrley. The dame proceeded to pin up her dress, to prevent

^^^ itsbemg ^^dagged^"* as she expressed herself, in the

dew. Red Windows Hall, p. 25.

DAGGY (E. Lane), adj. dirty, wet, drizzly. See Dag ante.

Coll. Use. It*s varra daggy to-day.

DAGLOCKS, sh. pi. the wool cut off a sheep. See Dag, verb,

DALE (Chipping ; and Burrow, near Kirkby-Lonsdale), sb. an un-
separated portion of a field, belonging to a second owner, and
which is often unmarked, or only shown by stakes in the hedge
and stones at the comers of the dale. A.S. dcely a portion.

Coll. Use, i. (Burrow.) We've two dales in Hardgroves

*^75« Bodom.

2. (Chipping.) A dale of about a quarter of an
acre on Blade Moss belongs to this farm.

DANK, V. to depress; lit to damp.

Bamford. Put th* Kum-bill 1' the divel's hons

*^^^ 'At it no moor may dank us.

Homely Rhymes^ p. 135.

DONK I ^^^* damp, depressing. Akin to damp.

Collibr. I doft meh donk shoon on hoyse, on me doage

^^50* dooas. Works^ p. 54.

DANNET (N. Lane), ) j3. a term of reproach ; lit. dow-

DO-NOWT (S. and E. Lane), ) nought; from the verb dow, to

be worth. Cf. in E. D. S. Reprinted Glossaries, 1873, dannat

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. lOI

(North of England), sd. a bad person ; donnot (E. Yorkshire),
adj. good-for-nothing, bad ; dannot (West Riding), sh. a good-
for-nothing, a wretch. The verbs dow and do are confused even
in modem ordinary English. " That will do^^ is a corruption of
*' that will do7v:^

J, p. Morris. T'ald woman shouted, " Cu* thy wavs on, thou

1867. dannetJ'^ Siege 0* Browton^ p. 5.

Coll. Usb (S. and £. L.) He's a do-nowt an* maks his mother keep him.
1875.

dare; adj. blmd.

Coll. Use. Help him o'er th* road, poor lad, he's dark.

1875.

DARKENIN', sb. twilight. A.S. dtarcung, twilight.

A. C. Gibson He niver durst bide by his-seP efler t' darkening

(Dial, of I«|h Furucss). Cumb. Folk-Speech, p. 95.

I>ARRACK (N. Lane), sb. a day's work. A.S. dcegweorc, the
same.

DASHIN, sb. a tub used for kneading oatmeal dough.

Collibr. He nipt up th' dea^kon, ot stoode oth' harstone, on

^750. whirl*d it at meh. Works, p. 66.

DATALLER (S. Lane), \ sb. a day labourer. Marshall's

DAYTAL-LABOURER (Fumess),) East Yorkshire Glossary
(E. D. S. Reprint, 1873, p. 25) has ^^ Daitle (that is, day-tale) adj.
by the day; as, daitle-man, a day-labourer; daitle-work, work
done by the day." Brockett (Gloss. N. Country Words) has,
^^ Daytaleman^ a day-labourer, chiefly in husbandry — one who
works by day-tale, ue. a man whose labour is told or reckoned by
the day, not by the week or year." Cf. Icel. dagatal^ a tale of
days.

DATELESS, adj. stupefied, foolish, disordered in mind. For deed-
less. So ^cel. dd'6lams, lit. deedless, means lubberly, impotent.
See Deedless in Atkinson's Cleveland Glossary.

Miss Laheb. Theer sit Jinny starin' at th* owd lass loike one

'^5. dateless. Betty 0' Yefs Tale, p. 15.

Waugh. They carried her into Sally Grimshaw*s, an' laid

1867. her upo' th' couch cheer, as dateless as a stone.

Dead Man's Dinner, p. 19.

I?^' Th' White Heawse had to goo into other bonds, for

'^' th' poor owd crayter wur getten quite dateless, an hoo

wur takken to live wi some relations.

Yeth Bobs, c. ii., p. 40.

DATHIT (Fumess), interj. a mild curse on making a mishap.

DAUB, ) sb. clay or marl ; also, the clay mixed with chopped straw,
DOBE, J formerly used for filling in between t\\^ ^itcJc^^x^ ^i

102 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

wooden -framed houses, sometimes called " wattle and daub.'
See Clam-stave-an*-daub ante.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) )>enne cleme hit with clay comly withinne,

»36o- ^ii(j jjig j>e endentur drynen daube withouten.

E, Eng. Alia, P.,, B., 1. JI2.

'44o» Dawber or cleyman r dawbyn, lino, muro.

Prompt, Parv,

Coll. Usb. Fetch yon lad in, he*s messin' hissel wi that dobe,

1875. ^

DAUB-HOIL^ sh, i,e, daub-hole ; a clay or marl pit See Daub ante,

DAWK (Fylde), \ v, to stoop, to plunge. Lit. ^to duck,

DEAWK (S. and E. Lane), J Cf. Du. duiken^ to stoop, dive,
plunge.

Coll. Usb. I deawk'd deawn an' he misst his aim-

1875.

DAWKIN', j^. a dull, stupid person. See Daffy.

DAWKINLY, adv. stupidly, foolishly.

Collier. After looking dawkinly-Yf\st a bit. — Works^ p. 52.

1750.

DAZED (Furness), adj, starved, cold, stupid, frightened. Icel.
dasask, lo become weary and exhausted from cold or bodily ex-
ertion; dasa'Sr, exhausted, weary; O. Du. daesen, to lose one's wits.

Hampole* Brynned ay here in ]>e calde of malice,

i34o» And ay was dased in charit6.

Pricke of Conscience^ 1. 6646.

We&t Mid. Dial. (Lane.) I stoode as stylle Q.sdased quayle [as a dazed quail].
1360. E, Eng, Aim, Poems^ A, 1. 1084.

Chaucer. Thou sittest at another booke,

*^^^* Tyl fully dasewyd ys thy looke.

House of Fame^ iL, 149.
Gavin Douglas. aU ])e maisters were so mased

*^^^* . pat dom ])ai stode als j?ai ware dased.

Vol. ii., 567

DEAD-TONGUE (Furness), sh. the water hemlock.

DEAVE. V, to deafen; to stupefy with noise. Adj, Deavin, deafen-
ing. Icel. deyfa^ to stupefy; O. Sw. dojwa^ to deafen, dull, assuage,
stupefy , Dan. dovt^ to deafen, deaden^ blunt.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) pe dunte [=blow] >at schulde hym deve,

^320. Sir Gawayne <Sr» G. K., 1. 1286.

Burns. If mair they aeave us with their din.
"786- The Ordination, 1. 122.

John Scholbs.
1857-

Just then th^ queen's carridge un o' thoose ut win
sin i* th* mornin' rattlt by, un bang went th' deavin^
din [of cannon] ogen. — yaunt to See th^ Queen, p. 55.

Coll. Use. Howd thi din, thae fair deayes me.

^^75'

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. IO3

DEAWLDY, adj, doleful, depressed, dolorous, despondent. Cf.
Icel. dMigr^ wretched. E. D. S. Reprinted Glossaries, B. 7 (West
Riding) hac&^^dowly^dawly, adj. lonely, sorrowful;" andBrockett
(North Country Words) gives " Dowley^ lonely, dismal, melan-
choly, sorrowfid, doleful."

Wauoh. Then, Mally, fill it up again ;

^^Sd" An dunnot look so deawldy ;

There's nought can lick a marlock. when
One's brains are gettin meawldy I

Lane, Songs : Turn Kindle.

DEAWN, adj. depressed.

Coll. Use. There's summat wrung wi th* owd lad to-day— ho

^^75- looks so deawn.

DEAWN- BROO, adv. down hill , metaph. for failing or declining.

Waugh. Owd Roddle was now only the shrunken relic of a

'^^ very strong man. He had long since b^;un to grow

** aeawn-broo, like a keaw-tail.'*

Besom Ben, c. vi., p. 79.

DEAWN-FO. sb. i.e. down-fall. A fall of rain or snow.

Y^^^yQ^ A sawp o' deawnfo 'ud do a sect o' good just neaw ;

1855. ^Xi we'st ha some afore lung, or aw'm chetted.

Lane, Sketehes : Grave of Grislehurst
Boggart, p. 209.

DEAWN-LYING, sd. an accouchement

Coll. Usb.

1875. Hoo's just at th* deawn-lying ; poor body I we'd

better see ut hoo's looked after a bit.

DEAWNT, V. finished ; taken off or taken down. Deawnin\
finishing, part. Lancashire weavers call the web, or piece of cloth
they are working upon, whether woollen or cotton, a " cut ;"
and when the entire piece or web is woven, and taken oflf
the loom, the weaver says he has ^^deawnt his cut;^^ that is, he
has taken his finished web down from the loom. So, figura-
tively, a man who dies, has finished the web of his life.

Waugh. Aw thought it wur time to sell th' dog, when aw

1855. had to ax owd Thunge to lend mo a bite ov his

moufin whpl aw deawnt my piece.

Lane, Sketches : Birthplace of Tim
Bobbin, p. 81.
Bamford. And never would she let me wait

^^^ Whevf downing on a Friday,

Her wheel went at a merry rate,
Her person always tidy. Poems, p. 39.

Waugh. **Yer, tho', Tone, another cally-weighver [calico-

1867. ' weaver] gone 1 " * * Ay, " replied Jone, * * th' owd lad's

deawnt his cut. He'll want no more tickets."

Home Life Factory Folk, c. xiv , p. 127.

DECK, sh. a pack, applied to playing cards. Mr. Payne Collier
(Ed. Shakspere) says " the word continued in use [as aij^^Ued

104

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

to a pack of cards] as late as 1788, being found in the Sessions
Paper of that year. Possibly it is derived from the A.S. decan^ to
cover, because one card in a pack covers the other."

Gloucester : Alas, that Warwick had no more forecast,
But whiles he thought to steale the single

ten,
The king was slily finger'd from the deck.
Third K. Hen. F/., v. i, 42.

Shaksperb.
^595-

DEED, sb, doings.

Waugh.
1867.

We'n had very hard deed^ maister. Aw consider
we'n had as' hard deed as anybody livin, takkin o
together. — Home Life Factory Folk^ c. xvi. p. 145.

DEET, V. to daub, to sully. Also, adj. dirty. Probably deet is a
mere corruption of dirt^ formerly spelt drit, Gf. A.S. gedritan,
to dirty. The loss of the r is well seen in speak^ a corruption of
spreak^ from A.S. sprecan,

Betty wor not long afore hoo coome back wi' th'
owd paper in her hond, looking as deet an' yellow as
one of them foreign felleys at aw've sin i' Manchester.

Betty 0' Yefs Tale, p. 29.

An ill-grim'd an deet th' lad wur for shure.

Works^ p. 59.

He comes noan here! Awll not ha' th* heawse
deeted wi* sich like rubbidge \

Owd Blanket, c. i., p. 11.

" Come in," said the landlady, ** an sit tho deawn
while eawr lasses getten yon kitchen readied (made
right) a bit." " Aw*s deet this reawm o' yors," said
Ben, looking round the parlour. ** Deet, be hanged ! "
repUed she. " A saup o' clen wayter '11 deet nought."

Ibid, c. iii., p 53.

DEET (S. Lane), v, to dress with size or paste ; a term used by
weavers.

Miss Laheb.
Z865.

COLUSR.
1750-

Waugh.
1867.

Ibid.
x367.

Coll. Usb.
1875.

When he*s deeted his yam he'll come eawt.

DEG, V, to sprinkle water upon anything. Icel. doggva, to bedew ;
cf Icel. deigja, wetness, damp ; Sw. dagg, dew. This is probably
the same word as that which in Shakspere takes the form of deck,

SrtAKSPERE. Thou didst smile,

'^S* Infused with a fortitude/from heaven,

When I have decked the sea with drops full salt.
Under my burthen groaned ?

Tempest, act i., sc. ii., L 153

Rbv. W. Gaskbll.
1854.

Miss Laheb.
1865.

The word which a Lancashire man employs for
sprinkling with water is " to deg^"* and when he degs
ms garden he uses a deggin-cs^xv.

Lect. Lane, Dialect, p. 28.

Si'tho' what a deggin^ hoo's gin me, an' aw've o'
these moiles to gu i' mi weet clothes.

Carter's Struggles^ c. vii., p. 53.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. IO5

DELF-RACK, sb. shelf for crockery. Delf=^ pottery from Delft,
and rocky an open frame worL

DENE 1 sb. a little valley. A.S. denu, a

DEYN or DEIGN (K Lane.), ) valley.

A. Sax. Gospels. ^Elc denu bl> gefylled ; [every valley shall be filled].

995- St, Lukgy Ui., 5.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) j)ou says ]>ou trawe3 me in )>i8 dene^
'360. Bycause j^ou may with y3en me se.

£, £ng, Allit. /»., A, 1. 295.

Waugh. In the forest of Rossendale, between Derply Moor

z8S5* and the wild hill called Swinshaw, there is a lone

valley called Dean, The inhabitants of this valley
are so notable for their love of music that they are
known all through the vales of Rossendale as **Th'
Deign Layrocks," or "The Larks oi Dean,^^

Lane, Sketches : Wandering Minstrels, p. 276.

DESS (Fylde). sb, a pile, appl. to straw. Icel. des, a rick, whence
hey-desy a hay-rick. It exists in local names, as Desjur-myri in the
east, Des-ey in the west of Iceland.

DEVILMENT, sb. mischief.

Waugh. Yo'n some make o' divulment agate i*th chimbley,

^^55- aw declare. Lane, Sketches^ p. 29.

DICKONS, sb,, the deuce or devil

Shakspers. Mistress Page : I cannot tell what the dickens his

'^°*- name is. Merry Wives ^ iii. 2, 19.

Collier. «« i^^ Dickons it is ! * sed I. — Works, p. 70.

1750.

DIDDLE-DADDLIN', dawdling about.

Coll. Use. Hoo goes abeawt diddU'daddlin an' never gets

*^7S- nowtdone.

DILFA (Mid. Lane), ) adj, doleful, sickly. In Essex dialect dil-
DEALFA (E. Lane), J vered means exhausted.

DILL, V, to lull or soothe a child ; also, to dandle. Icel. dilla, to
trill, lull ; dillindo, lullaby.

Coll. Use. Naa ; thee dill that chylt an' get it asleep.

DING, V, to knock, to strike, to thrust ; p. t. dang and dung \ pi.
dungen : as " He dang [or dung\ him down \ " " They dungen
him to the floor." Icel. dengja, to hammer , Sw. ddnga : A.S.
dencgan, to knock.

Hampole. Right swa ]>e devels salle ay dyng

^340. On >e synfulle, withouten styntyng.

F, of Conscience^ l^^^V

io6

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Bbn Jonson.
x6xa

Dkayton.
1637.

Waugk.
X869.

Suriy : Down with the door.

Kustril: 'Slight I fl^m^itopen.

Lovewit : Hold, gentlemen, what means this violence.

Alchemist^ v. 5.
This while our noble king
His broad sword brandishing
Down the French host did ding.

Battle of Agincourt : Works, p. 1380.

Hoc use't to ding me up wi't a bit sometimes when
we wur cwortin. Yeth Bobs^ c. i., p. 9.

DING-DONG, 1 ^ 4: 11 A '.u .' . • •

DING-DRIVE (Furaess),; ^^^- ^"" 'P^^^' ^*^^^ intermission.

Coll. Use. He goes at it ding-dong,

DINNEL, V. to tingle : din + el.

CoLu Use. My ears dinnel as if bells wur ringing in 'em.

DINTLE, V, to indent. A.S. dynty a dint, blow, dent; IceL dynta,
sb. a dint ; and v. to dint

DITHER (general), ] v, to shake, to tremble. In some parts
DOTHER (E. Lane), ■ of England, didder, A certain kind of
DEDUR (N. Lane), J grass is called didder-grsisSy totter-grass,

and quaking-grass. The cognate form in High German is

zittern, to tremble ; a word in common use.

He began to dotur and dote
Os he hade keghet scathe.

E. Eng, Met, Rom,^ C, xvi., 1. ii.

Gif Menealfe was the more my3tie
3ette dyntus gerut him to dedur,

Ididy C, XXV., 1. 7.

Lancashire Dial.
About 1400.

Ibid.

Collier.
J750.

Elijah Ridings.
1848.

Ramsbottom.
1864.

Waugh.
z868.

I dithert ot meh teeth hackt i* meh heeod ogen.

Worksy p. 50.

My bonds shak'd loike an aspen leof,
Aw dithert i' my shoon.

Lane. Muse : Ale v. Physic, p. 8.

Hearken th' bonny layrock sing, —
A dark spot ditherin^ 1* th' blue sky.

Lane, Rhymes^ p. 100.

Eh, it ma*es me dother neaw, when aw think of a
pickin-peg. Sneek-Banty c ii., p. 29.

DIVERSOME, adj. fanciful \ hard to please,

Waugh. Musicianers cap'n the world for bein* diversome, an*

*^^5' jealous, an' hard to plez. Barrel Organ, p. 14.

Coll. Use. Thae'rt too diversomc\Xi live ; tha eyts nowt.

1875.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. IO7

DIVULSKIN, ) sb. a humorous term of reproach, generally applied

DULESKIN, I to a mischievous person. Mid. K deueles cynnes,

lit. of the devil's kind or kin.

Waugh. '• He's etten all t' goose." " Who hes ?" " Yon

1874- divulskin 1' t* parlour. Jannock^ c. iv., p. 19.

DO, } sb. an action or occurrence ; anything of a lively or

DOOMENT, J stirring nature ; a business, an entertainment.

Miss Laheb. When he started a readin' o'er Jinny's doomeni^ aw

'^^5. ne'er yerd sich laughin'.— -^^//y 6" Yefs Tale, p. 15.

W^GH- "Who are they?" said the landlord; "conto

1807. make *em eawt?" **Nawe," answered the carter;

**but they fawour'n Todmorden chaps. Aw'll be
bund they're upo th' same dooment^'* ** Aw dar say
they are," replied the landlord. "They're corned
up a-viewin', aw guess." Dulesgate, P* 19

Ibid* "What the bectum's yon lad doin'." Hoo said,

'^7S« ««I see him I He's comin' down th' brow, yon, full

pelt, wi' a gun on his shoulder." ** O' reet," said
Sam, rubbin' his bonds ; •* o' reet, keep still. This
is a grand do^^ Old Crontes, vii. , 89.

Xl>6, V, to thrive, to be healthy, Cf. Sc. dow ; A.S. dugan^ to profit,
avail, be good for ; cognate with Ger. tdugen, to be good for.

Coll. Use. Old folks will say of a sickly man, " He noather

^^75* dees nor dOesJ*^ Again, " He dies [i.^., thrives] well

in his business."

I^OAGE, V^^'. damp. A.S. ^w/^, dewy, wet Cf. Peg

l^OYCH (E. Lane.),) ante.

CoLUER. I doft meh donk shoon on hoyse. on me doage

^750- clooas. Works, p. 54.

^^^ Ysys.^^ ^ ^ Where he ^tyytsv&doych an' he's getten t' rheumatiz.

X>OBBER, sb. a lump ; also, a large marble.

Waugh. " Put thi bond o' th' top o' mi yed," said Ben,

^868. "Doesto feel nought?" "Some lumps," said Randal.

"Lumps!" replied Ben j '* Ay, an pummers too.
Ceawnt 'em. Aw think they'n come to seven —
gradely dobbers}^ Sneck-Bant, c. ii., p. 30.

Dobbin, sb, a familiar term for a horse.

Dobbin, sb, a small, thick glass tumbler, which holds a fourth or
fifth of a pint. Cf. W. dobyn, a half-pint measure.

Michael Wilson. Come, Robin, sit deawn, an aw'll tell thee a tale,

^^3*^ Boh first, prithee, fill me a dobbin of ale.

Songs of the Wilsons, p. 26.

DOBBY, sb, a ghost ; lit a stupid. See Dobbie in Jamieson's Scot-

' Ghosts I Eigh, me lad, we've bed plenty on 'em

1867.*^'*^ ^ Forness, but we'd anudder neellm for em ; we ol'as

co'd 'em dobbies or freetnins. Here about U'ston
we'd t' Plunton Ho' dobby, Swartmoor Ho' dobby.
Aid Ho' doJ^y, Lebby Beck dobby, 't Swing Gate
dobby, an' we had t' King's Arms dobby^ t\i.

T Lebby Beck Dobby,^. V

I08 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

DOFF, V. to take off or put off, to undress ; literally, do off.

1440. And thou my concelle doo, thow doji of thy clothes.

Morfg Arthure, 1 1023

Shakspbre. Faulconhridge : Thou weare alyon*s hide ! Doffit

^598. for shame.

And hang a calf 's-skm on those recreant limbs.

JC. John^ iii. i. 128.

Ramsbottom. DoffiHtix clogs and warm thi feet.

1864. Lane, Rhymes, p. 40.

Waugh. Come thi ways in, an dof tho. An get summat warm

1868. ' into tho— for thae*ll do yNi'L—Sneck-Bant, i., p. 8.

Dr. Barber. He hed do/i his clogs an stockin's, an was paddlin

*87o- amang watter an soft sand. Forness Folk, p. 39.

DOG-CHEAP, adj. excessively cheap.

Coll. Use. «« Buy it, Mally, it's dog-cheap^

DOG-DAISY, sh, the common field daisy, Bellis perennis ; some-
times applied to the ox-eye daisy. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum.

DOG-ROSE, sb. the common wild rose, Rosa canina.

DOIT, sb, a trifle j a small share. Cf. Icel. dot, trumpery, trifles.
The Dutch duit (pron. doit) was a small coin, the eighth part
of a stiver, 01 about half a farthing.

Shaksperb. Trinculo : When they will not gi;^ a doit to relieve

^^*'' a lame beggar, they will lay out ten to see a dead

Indian. Tempest, ii. 2, 32.

Ibid. Timon : How dost like this jewel, Apemantus ?

»623. Apem. : Not so well as plain dealing, which will

not cost a man a doit,

Timon of Athens, L i, 214.

Coll. Use. " He's not worth a doit^^ ; " He hasn't a doit in

'87s. his pocket."

DOITED, adj. silly, foolish. E. dote, dotard. Cf. Du. dutten, to
take a nap, from dut, a nap ; Icel. dotta^ to nod from sleep ;
dottr, a n odder.

Coll. Use. He's doited ; ne'er mind him.

1875.

DOLLOP, sb. a shapeless lump, a large piece. Cf. W. talp, a mass,
a lump.

Coll. Use. Heaw mich ? Tuppence I What a dottop thae's

^^75. getten !

1

DOLLY, sb. a wooden instrument used in washing clothes.

DON, V. to put on, to dress ; lit. to do on ; p. t. did on. In this

form the phrase appears in Morris's Jason (p. 15) ;

Then Jason rose and did on him a fair

Blue woollen tunic. '

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. IO9

This again is very near to the Lancashire expression, " He did

himself up," for " He dressed himself."

kaSo. That Grim bad Leve bringen lict.

For to don on his clothes. Havelok^ 1. 576.

SHAKSPkxB. What I should I don this robe, and trouble you ?

*^oa Be chosen with proclamations to-day ;

To-morrow yeeld up rule.

Titus Andronicus^ i. I, 189.

Bamfokd. On Sundays imd holidays, a pair of lighter shoes,

x85o* raised at the heels, would be donned,

Ed, of Tim Bobbin^ p. vii.

Waugh. Get the donned^ an come deawn ! Aw mun be

^^7- gooin. Owd Blanket^ c. L p. 14.

B. Bribrixy. Aw tell eawr Matty sometimes, ut if hoo stonds so

1869. lung starin' i'th looking-glass when hoo's donnin^ her-

sell, hoo'U Rnd hoo's getten int' an old maid afore hoo
knows gradely where hoo is.

Red Windows Hall^ c. iv p. 26.

DQNTLES, sh.pL clothes to be donned. See Don ante.
DQSOME, adj. healthy. See Do ante.

John Scholbs. Hoo did look sum plump un' dohsom,

^857- Jaunt to See th' Queen, p. 43.

T. T. Wilkinson. A quart o' this ale o*th' top ov a beef-steak 'ud

»873, jjjjj^j ^ chap's ribs feel dQsome,

Legends and Trad, of Lane, y 195.

I^OSSUCK, \ sb. a slovenly woman. Perhaps related to Icel. dasi^
DQSSY, ) a lazy fellow ; dasa'6r^ exhausted.

Waugh. Thou'll make a bonny dossy of a wife for sombry,

*®73' when thou comes to be laft to thisel*.

Old Croniesy ii. 20.
Coll. Usb. Hoo's a regular dossuck^ and lies i' bed till noon.

I)0-UP, V. to fasten. See also ^«(^ in Shakspere : ^^And^dupped
the chamber door." Hamlet, iv. 5, 53.

Coll. Use. Do-up mi dress ; aw connot catch th' hooks.

1875.

Dow, sb. alms, relief; lit. a dole, a pittance.

Ramsbottom. To get this dow aw still con goo.

'^^♦- Lane, Rhymes, p. 53.

DOWD, adj. flat, dead. Icel. dau'6r, dead ; dodi, deadness, insen-
sibility.

Coll. Use. It»s as dowd as dyke wayter.

DOWLY (N. Lane), adj, dull, lonely. See Deawldy ante.
DOYT, sb, a finger. Lat. digitus, a finger ; Fr. doi^t.

Coll. Use. Keep thi doyts off me.

1875. ^

no

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

DOYTCH-BACK, sb. {t.e. ditch back), a fence, a rampart above a
ditch.

CoLUER. Whether eh lost it ith' brack, or weh scrawmin

I7SO* o'er th' doytck'backs^ I no moor know than th' mon

ith' moon, Works^ 55.

DOXY, sb, a term for a sweetheart. The author of Tim Bobbin
(see below) applies the word to his wife. Also, an untidy, dirty
woman. Probably from the rogue's cant or gipsy language,
Nares observes that Autolycus, who sings the song in Win. 7aie,
has a spice of the cant language in his dialect. On the other
hand, Dr. Mahn connects the word with Swed. docka, a doll,
a baby. Cf. Dan. dukke^ a doll y and perhaps E. dtuk^ in the
sense of sweetheart.

Shakspere.
i6zx.

John Gay.
Z728.

John Colubr.
1768.

Coll. Usb.
1875.

When daffodils begin to peere

With heigh the doxy over the dale

Why then comes in the sweet o' the yeere.

Win, TaUy iv. 3, 2.

Thus I stand like the Turk with his doxies around.
From all sides their glances his passion confound.

Beggars* Opera: Finale,

My compliments to all friends ; and tell my doxy
that her son John is tired with living free as a hawk.

Works (Letters), p. 359.

Thae'rt a bonny do:^ — get thi weshed J

DRAD, V. (past tense and pp. of Dread), feared. A.S. dradan;
p. t. dred ; pp. drceden. Mid. E. dradde, drad.

He dradde hire so,
And his unworthynesse he ay acused.

Troylus and C, Bk. ii., 1. 1080.

Saw hys people governed with such justice and
good order, that he was both dradde and greatly
beloved. Vol, /., d. 1.

So from immortall race he does proceede,

That mortall hands may not withstand his might,

Drad for his derring doe and bloody deed.

Faerie Queene^ Bk. II., c. iv., st. 42.

Chaucbr.
X380.

HOUNSHRD.

1586.

Sprnsrr.
XS90.

Coll. Usb.
1875.

«(

He dings her so that hoo*s drad on him killin'hur. ''

DRAGGLE-TAIL, $h, a <3irty person ; one whose skirts have been
drawn through the mire.

'Twas Moll and Bet, and Doll and Kate, and Dorothy

Draggletail^
And John and Dick, and Joe and Jack, and Humphrey

with his flail.

Old Song.
Date uncertain.

Coll. Usr.
2875.

" Eh, what a draggle'tail—hoyf^ up thi' petticoats !

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Ill

DRAFF, sb, malt grains after brewing. Icel. draf^ husks, dregs ;
A.S. and Du. drabbe, dregs, lees.

fci [hogges] don bot dravele J>eron ; dra/ weort hem

levere
pen al l>e presdouse Peerles ]>at in Paradys waxen.

I^'^s Plowman f A-text, xi , ii.

Why schuld I sowen dra/ out of my fest.
Whan I may sowe whete, if that me lest ?

Persones Tale^ Prol., 1. 35.

Draffe^ or drosse, or matter stamped ; pilumen.

Prompt. Parv.

Fahtaff: I had a hundred and fiftie tatter'd pro-
digals, lately come from swine-keeping, from eating
draffe and huskes.— /i'rj/ K. Hen, IV., iv. 2, 38.

Langland.
136a.

Chaucbr.
Z380.

1440.
Shakspskb.

1598.

Coll. Usb.
X875.

We mun get some draff for these cows.
DRAPE, sb. a cow which has ceased to give milk. See Drippins.

COLUBR.
X7SO.

DREE, } adj\ tedious, protracted, monotonous, wearisome.

DREESOME, j IceL drjugr^ lasting; Swed. dryg^ longj Dan.
droi, large, ample. A.S. drebgan^ to endure, to suffer ; p. t. dreah,
Icel. drygfUj to lengthen ; Mid. E. dreghe (Hamp. Pricke of C,
1. 2235 j E, Eng, Allit, PoemSy B, 1224).

"Whooas lad arto?" "Whau," sed he, "I'm
Jone*s o' Lall's o* Simmys, o' Marriom's, o* Dick's,
o' Nethon's, o' Lall's o' Simmy's ith' Hooms.'' Odd,
thinks 1 1' mehsel, theaws a dree-tx name than me

Works, P- 51-
The rain having set in dree, — Life of Radical, xx., 135.

Lancashire people talk of *''dree rain," which often
puzzles those who fancy dree is a corruption of "dry."
And they say it rains ** dreely,^* meaning that it is
continuous and enduring. — LecL Lane, Dialect, p. 22.

Aw've brought thi top cwot, doesto know,
For th* rain's comin' deawn very dree.

Lane, Songs : ** Come Whoam to thi Childer."

I fudged away up Gamswell . . . till I began
to think it wos langsome and dreesome beath.

Fomess Folk, p. 3.

DRINKINS (Lancaster) sb, pL lunch, labourer's dinner.

DRIPPINS, sb, the last yield of milk.

DROIT (S. Lane.), sb, a draught of ale ; a team of horses. AS.

dragan, to draw.

Bessy, lass, bring Jone here a droite o' ale, an' a
boite o' brade an' cheese.— Carter's Struggles, c. i. p. 5.

But, come, winnot yo have a droight o' ale ? Jenny,
fill him a tot Tattlin Matty, c. i. p. 14.

Sogger seized him by the arm, and begged he
would partake of ** a droit o' charmed drink."

Marlocks of Merriton^ c,'\\. ^. 'j^'^

Bamvosd.

1840.

Rkv. W. Gaskbll.

1854.

Waugh.
1859.

Dr. Barbbr.
z87a

Miss Lahsb.
1865.

Waugh.
1867.

B. Bribrlby.
1867.

112 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

DUB, sb* a pool, a marshy place, a muddy hole. Probably of Celtic
origin j cf. Irish dobj a gutter ; W. dwfr^ water.

DUBERSOME, adj. doubtful, dubious.
DUBBIN", sb. an oily paste used for softening shoes.
DUBBLER, sb, a large dish. O. Fr. doblier^ a plate (Burguy).

West Mid. Dial, (Lane) A dysche o]>er a dohUr ])at dry3ten one3 served.

'3^* [= A dish or a dobler that the Lord once served.]

E, Eng. Allit. Poems^ B, 1. 1 146.

x44o> DobeUr, vesselle. Lat. parapses.

Prompt Parv,

DUD, sb. a teat Cf. Moeso Goth, daddjan^ to suckle.

Coll. Use. Hoo's a rare elder : an* what duds !

1875. '

DUDS, sb.pL clothes. Icel. dil'^a, to swathe in clothes, dil% swad-
dling clothes.

Coll. Use. Be sharp and get thi duds off, an* away to bed.

DULE, sb, the devil. Contracted from A.S. deofol.

Waugh. But aw're mazy, an' nattle, an' fasten't to tell

1859. What the dule it could be that're ailin mysel.

Lane. Songs i "Jamie's Frolic."
Ramsbottom. Aw*r bad enoof i' wark, for sure,

^ ^' Bo stoppin' plays the dule wi me.

Lane, Rhymes^ p. 33.

DUMMEL-HEEAD (N. Lane), sb. a blockhead. A.S. dumb, mute,

foolish ; cf Du. dom, dull, stupid ; (Jer. dum^ stupid. Cf- Ger.

dummel'kopf.

Dr. Barber. * * It's a fair sham, " she said, * ' a girt dummel-heead

'^7°* it hes ^ feass for owte." Forness-Folk, p. 32.

DUMPS, sb. a low-spirited condition. Cf Da dompig, damp, misty;
dompetiy to extinguish.

Shakspere. Baptista t Why, how now, daughter Katherine, in

*^* your dumps f Tarn, of Shrew, ii. i, 286.

CoLUBR. I from this cot, this Christmas eve,

T761. Write with a troubled mind, believe.

And wife in doleful dumps. Works, 467.

Coll. Use. Say nowt to him, he's in th' dumps to-day.

1875. - •* r J

DUNDER-HEAD, sb. a blockhead.
DUNG-PIKE, sb, a dung-fork.

DUMMOCK, sb, a small heap of soil or dirt. Prob. a dimin. of
dam, Cf Du. dam, a bank ; Icel. dammr.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. I I3

DUNNOCK, sd, the hedge-sparrow. From dun, as a colour j so

also ruddock^ a red-breast, from red. The IceL dunna, 3. wild

duck, seems to have been similarly named.

Bamford, It wTir nother gone-cock, ouzle, nor dunnock.

'8*'>- Life 0/ Radical, xx. 133.

Ibid. She was of middle stature ; and whilst he was as

1844* dark as a dunnock^ she was of an excessively fair

complexion. — Walks in South Lancashire, p. 39.

DUR, sb. pron. of Door. A.S duru, a door.

Written in Lancashire, Nerre the chapelle dur he 3ode,

About 1400. Auturs for to lere. E. Eng, Met, Eom, B vii. 2.

Waugh. When we'n getten fairly off, th^e mun lock th'

1^5* durs, an' pike eawt at th' back after us.

Besom Ben, c. iii. p. 34.

DUR-CHEEK, sb. doorpost

Waugh. When I geet to th' house, I fund a yello look in*

'^74- mak of a chap rear't up again th* dur-cheek.

Chimney Corner: Mane, Critic, Mar. 21.

DUR-HOLE, sb. the doorway. *

Waugh, Qwd Mally stoode i'th' dur-hole, watchin 'em.

^^°5- Besom Ben, c. iv. p. 45.

Ibid. They threatn't mich an* moor that if he didn't howd

i86q. his din they'd throw him eawt at th' dur-hole,

Yeth'Bobs, c. ii. p. 35.

DUR-STONE, sb. the threshold.

Coll. Use. He wur stondin' on th' durstone, an' would no goo

'375. inside.

114 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

E.

EA (N. and E. Lane), sb, a river or the channel of a river ; applied
also to water generally. A.S. ed, water. Moeso-Goth. ahwa,
Icel. a. The word ed occurs four times in the A.S. version of
Genesis ii. ii — 14, where the authorised version has river,

EALIN*, sh, a shed set against another building ; a lean-to. Lit. a
heeling, from the verb to heel or lean over. Heel is a corruption
from Mid. E. helden, A.S. hyldan, to incline. See Helden in
Stratmann, and Heel in Wedgwood. For the loss of the initial
hy see Elder.

EASINS, sb. the eaves of a house ; also applied to sloping land.
Thus Habergham - Eaves = Habergham slopes (properly slope,
as eaves is singular). For evesings, from A.S. efesung, a shearing
round, from the verb efesian, to shave round ; which from A.S.
efese, '^ brim, edge, margin. Mid. E. evesunge, evesinge,

Lancland. *'Ysekeles in eue^es,'^ i.e., icicles upon the eaveses,

*377- p. Plowman, B. xvii 227, where four MS S. read

euesynges ; also the C-text (xx. 193) has "Isykles
in euesyngesP

*^^' Evese or evesinge of a house. — Prompt. Parv,

CoTGRAVE. Severonde, the caue, eauing. or easing of house-

i6zx.

French Dictionary,

John Scholks. g^g yo^ Tim, hoo sed to me, iv ther is nah o felley

* ^^ peeorcht on th' yeazin^s^ wi o choilt in his arms.

Jaunt to See th^ Queen, p. 31.

Coll. Usb. Hearken heaw th' rain's dhrippin' off th* easins (or

*^75- yezzins).

EASIN-SPARROW, $b, the common house-sparrow. From Easin,
q, V.

Coll. Use. It's nowt but an easin* -sparrow.

1875.

EAVER (sometimes Ether), sb. a quarter of the heavens, as " the
wind i& in a rainy eaverJ'

EAWL-LEET <pron. of Owl-light), sb, twilight

Waugh. «< Heaw quiet everything is," said Betty drawing

'^^* her chair nearer to Ben's. ** Very," replied he, ** aw

olez think there's summat fine abeawt th' eawl-leety

Sneck'Bantf c. i., p. 15.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. II5

ER^^^^' 1 ^- P"*^"- ®^ Ourselves. See also Ursels.

Ramsbottom. O I it was hard eaiorsels to draw

^^*- Fro th* things i' th' heawse we'd awlus known.

Lane. Rhymes^ p. 66.

Waugh. Ben jaid his hand upon his shoulder and said,

^ ^ "Dan, owd lad; we'n o' th' world to ersels yet.

There isn't a wick soul i' sect." — Yeth-B. c. i., p. 28.

EAWT, adv, pron. of Out. A.S. ut \ Icel. iit

Waugh. He ails nought, not he. Go poo him eawt.

'3^7. Owd Blanket^ c i.. p. 8.

EAWT-COMER, ) sb, one from another district'; a stranger.
EAWT-CUMLIN, j From A.S. cuman, to come ; cf. O. H. G.
chomeling, a new comer, stranger.

John of Trkvisa. ])e longage of Normandy ys r^»*/y«^of ano))er lond.

'3^7. bescrip, Britain, 1. 193. (Sp, E. Eng^

Pt. ii., p. 243.)
Hampolr. For I am a commelyng toward j)e,

i34o» And pilgrim, als alle my faders was.

Pricke of Conscience, 1. 1 385.

Wyclif. a comelynge which is a pilgrim at 30U.

»38o« Levit, xviii., 26.

Ibid. Most dere I biseche you as comelingis and pilgryms.

/. Peter, ii., ir.

144a Comelynge, new cum man or woman ; Adventhius,

inquilinus. Prompt. Parv.

William Harrison. The lawes of Malmutius .... indured in

'507' execution among the Britons, so long as our homelings

had the dominion of this He. Afterwards, when the

comeling Saxons had once obteined the superioritie of

the kingdom, the maiestie of those lawes fell for a

, time into . . . decaie —Description of England :

Ed. by Fumivall for New Shakspere Soc, Bk. II.,

■' c. ix., p. 189.

John Scholbs. One o theese same hauve-clemm'd eawtcumblin^ s

'^57' sed ut Englond awt to bi guvern'd by commun sense.

Jaunt, p. 55.

EAWT-0-FLUNTERS, adv, Phr. Out of order. It is obvious that
flunters can hardly mean order here ; the phrase is probably a cor-
ruption of eawt-/^-flunters, i.e, out to splint/ers. See Flenders,
shreds, splinters, in Brocket t. To "fly to flinders ^^ means to fly
to pieces. The Dutch flenters means tatters. So Nares gives
the Mid. E.^/«^ with the sense of a trifle ; lit. a fragment. The
root is the verb io fling, which is best illustrated by the Old Swed.
flenga, to beat, and Lat. fligere : cf. Lat. affligere,

Waugh. When he geet th' organ into his cart, they towd

'^^5' him to be particular careful an* keep it th' reet side

up ; and he wur to mind an* not shake it mich, for it
wur a thing that wur yezzy thrut eawt o' flunters.

Barrel Organ, p. 18.

'l™* ' " Yo'n catched us eawt-o-/lunters,^^ said the pcor

X807. woman when we entered ; but what con a body do ?

Home Life Lane, Factory Folk^ c. xix , 166,

1 1 6 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

EDDER (S. Lane), )
EDTHER (N. Lane),
ETHERD (E. Lane),

sb. an adder. Mid. O. E, addre, eddre,
probably = naddre, neddre. A.S. tueddre,
ncedre ; etym. disputed.

xaao. " |)e nddere,'' seiS Salomon, " stingeS ul stiUiche."

Ancren Riwle^ p. 82, 11.

Wyclif. Yee sarpentis, fruytis of eddris, hou shulen yee

^380. flee frQ the dom of helle ? Matt, xxiii , 33.

Chaucks. Here may ye see, that dedly symie hath first sugges-

tioun of the feend, as scheweth here by the neddir.
The Persones Tale^ Aid. ed., vol. iii.,
p. 287, 1. 23.

14401 EddyTf or nedd3T, wyrme ; Serpens.

Prompt, Parv.

Coll. Usb. He's bm bitten by an edder \edtker or etAerd],

1873.

EDDISH or EDDITCH, sb. the first grass after mowing. A.S,
edisc, aftermath, where prefix ed= again. Mid. E. edisck.

Sir Anthony Fitzhbrbbkt. If all shulde lye common, than wolde the edyche
'Sa3« of the come feldes, and the undermath of all the

medowes be eten in x. or xii. dayes.

The Boke of Surveying.

Bp. Kennbtt. Eddish^ roughings or after-math in meadows, but

more properly the stubble or gratten in com*fields.
This word is in some southern parts corrupted into
ershy and in Surrey into esh^ as a wheat esh, a barley
esh. — Glossarial Collections^ Lansdowne MSS., 1035.

Coll. Usb. This ram 'ull fotch th' eddish up.

1875. ^

EDGE-O'-DARK, sb. twilight.

Waugh. It '11 tak thee a greight while to gether fifty shillin*

^^^ i' tow-brass [toll money], at th' rate we're gooin at —

a keaw i' th' forenoon, a wheelbarrow i' th* afternoon,
an' happen a jackass at th* edge-o'-dark.

Sneck'Bantf c. ii., p. 39.

Ibid. We'sbeback again abeawt th'r<3!fi?-^'-d^ar>^, when

th' crow flies home. Ibid, c. iv., p. 72.

EDGRO or ETGRO, sb, the aftermath. A.S. ed, again +^r^7a/.
Cf. A.S. edgrbwungy a re-growing.

X440' EdgroWf gresse. Bigermen, regermen.

Prompt. Parv.

Coll. Use (E.L.) So mitch for t' gress and soa mitch for t' etgro.

1875.

EDTHERBOWr I ^^' ^^ dragon-fly. See Edder, Edther -i- bolt.

Coll. Use. It'll sting like an edder^out.

EDDERCROP, \ sb. a spider. Formed like A.S. dtter-coppa, a
EDTHERCROP, J spider, with a variation in the second part.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

117

It is therefore from A.S. dtter, poison, and crop^ a top, or bunch,
alluding to the supposed poison bag.

John Scholbs. Aw met weel foind o eddercrop creepin' o* mi

i857* cwoats, hoo sed. Jaunty p. 15.

Coll. Usb. Th* edges are full o* edthercrop neesus (nests).

1875.

EE-BREE, sb, the eyebrow. A.S. edge^ eye, and braw^ brow.

Coll. Usb. He's a fause un, aw con tell bi his ee-brees.

1875.

EE, sb, the eye ; Een, pi. A.S. edge^ pi. edgan.

Hire nose streight ; hire eyen grey as glas.

Prologue C. T.^ 152.

All present wer in twynkling of ane E^
Baith beist, and bird, and flowr, befoir the quene.

Thistle and Rose, 13.

Me thocht Aurora, with hir cristall ene.

In at the window lukit by the day. Ibid^ 2.

The fyry sparkis brastyng from hys eyn

To purge Uie ayr, and gylt the tendyr greyii.

Prologue XII. Book of the ^neid^ 1. 39.

His belly was upblowne with luxury,

And eke with fatnesse swollen were his eyne.

Fairy Queen: I., iv., 21.

My star is falne, my comfort done,
Out is the apple of my eine.

An Elegie: Astrophel^ 1. 69.

Chaucer.
1386.

DUNBAB.
1503.

Ibid.

GAwm Douglas.
X5i3«

Spbnsrb.
1590.

Ibid.

Rbv W. Gaskbll.

1854.

Waugh.
1859.

Ibiq.
1859.

B. Bribrlby.
1870.

In Anglo-Saxon, one declension of substantives
formed the plural in **an," the only relic of which
in modem English is in the word "oxen." In Lan-
cashire we have two words as least beside "oxen,'*
in which this form is preserved. They occur in this
passage from the "Okeawnt uth Greyt Eggshibi-
shun '°: — "They 'me sum uth grandest carpits us ever
aw clapt my een on ; aw wondur heaw they cud foind
e' ther hearts fur to set ther shoon on um."

Z^ct, Lane. Dialect ^ p. 23.

Thi cheeks are grooin thinner,
An th' leet has laft thi ee.

Lane, Songs : What ails thee, my Son Robin.

He cried till his een were quite red.
He likes thee some weel, does yon lad I

lb. : Come whoam to thi childer.

He oppent a pair o* een as wide as a sheead.

Bundle o* Fents^ I., p. 32.

EEM, V, to spare time; to find an opportunity; to be able to
compass an object ; to get into the way of doing a thing. A.S.
efnan, to be able to perform ; Icel. efnUy to perform, chiefly to
fulfil a vow or the terms agreed upon ; Dan. evnCy to have ability ;
Swed. dmnuy to form, shape. In like manner, the A.S. efen^ even.

ii8

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY,

becomes erne in provincial English. Shakspere uses even as a
verb.

CiBDMON. Efndon finrihtd6m [i e., they performed unrighteous-

ness.] Ed, Thorpe, p. 227, 1. 7.

About 680.

Dr. Byrom.
1745-

Collier.
1750.

Coll. Usb.
1875.

We warken hard as't iz for meeat and clooas,
An connot eem to be so feert, God knooas.

Misc. Poemsy vol. i., p. 157.

E law, whot o cank han we had I I mennaw [may
or must not] eem to stey onny lunger.

Works, p 71.

1. Aw've tried mony a time but aw could never
eem to do it.

2. If aw wur thee aw'd eem to do that or elze aw*d
see what it sticks on.

EEND-WAY,
EEND-WAYS,

' adv. outright; at once ; to the end-
ing or finish. Cf. Spenser's use
ENDAS (Mid. and E. Lane), J of endlong : —

That who from East to West will endlong^ seeke,
Cannot two fairer Cities find this day.

Fairy Queen, III. ix , 51.

Also Dryden : —

Then, spurring, at full speed, ran endlong on.

Palamon and Arcite, iii., 1. 691.

So I took eendwey, for it wur welly neet.

Works ^ P- 59-
Get eendwey ; its prime rime efeath.

WorkTy p 39.

AwVe done seventy odd year beaut bein* drawn
like a dobby-hoss ; an* aw meean to do eendway.
Red Windows Hall, c. xiii., p. 104.

**Rora a bit o' talk in," said Rondle o' Rogers,
"an' get eend-way^'' Old Cronies, c. v., p. 51.

Collier.
1750.

Ibid.

B. Bribrley.
1869.

Waugh.

1875-

EEN-NEAW (pron. of Even now), adv. directly, bye-and-bye, in a
short time, a short time ago.

Shakspere. Nurse : What's this ? What's this ?

^595- Juliet : A rhyme I learned even now

Of one I danced withal.

Rom. and Jul., i. 5.

^'^^"^ Moreover the Lord shall raise him up a king over

Israel, who shall cut off the house of Jeroboam that
day : but wliat ? even now. — i Kings^ xiv., 14.

z6iz.

Collier.
1750.

B. Brierlby.
2870^

I'st tell the moor o that eend-neaw.

Works, p. 60.

E'enneaw wi seed Jonathan Grimshaw comin'
deawn bi th' side o' th dingle.

Bundle 0* Fents, i., 26.

EET,] V. ate, did eat. Pr. t., ate ; imp. t, eet or et ; per. t., eetn

ET, I" or etten ; pr. par., atin. Thus: "Canto ate this bread?"

" Aw eet [or eti what thae gan mi." " He's etten o' th lot."

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

119

*' Be quiet, aw'm atin mi baggin." A.S. etan, pt. t. dt, pi ceton,

Icel. eta ; pret. d/, pi. «/« / pres. et

ijaob j^r ]>ai ofTerd. praid. and suank,

Thre dais no)>er tie ne dranc.

Cursor Mundi. (Sp. E Eng. , pt. ii. p. 70, 1 40.)

Alswa in J>e days of Loth befelle.

Men ete and drank, shortly to telle.

Ukan with other. Pricke of C. 1. 4847.

Therfore whanne thei hadden etyn^ Ihesu seith

John xxi. 15.

Ful sooty was hir hour, and eek hir halle.
In which she eet fill many a sclender meel.

Norme Prest his Tale, 1. 12.

Hampols.
1340-

Wyclif.

1380-

Chaucer.
1386;

EGADLINS, tnt, a diminutive oath. Egad^ for begad^ with dimin.
suffix.

Egodlins^ Betty, sez aw, aw think win no need to
goo ony furr. Jaunty p. 19.

Egadlins ! wi mun bi sharp eawt o' this pleck or
they*n catch us. .

John Scholes.
1857-

Coll. Use.
1875.

EGODSNAM, int a form of oath ; contraction of " in God*s name."

Collier. "RtZM^s \jaX e Godsnum ? — Works, p. xxxvi.

1750-

EGG, V, to urge on, to incite. A.S. eggian^ to incite. Icel. eggja^ to
egg on, incite, goad; from AS. ecg^ Icel. egg^ an edge, point.

Bacbitunge, and fikelunge, and eggunge to don eni
vuel Ancren RiwU, p. 82.

And next was peynted coveitise
That eggetk folk in many gise.

Romaunt of Rosty 181.

Fader of Falsness, he foundede it him-seluen ;
Adam and Eue he eggede to don ille.

Piers Plowman : A. Passus 1. 1 63.

Z220.

1350.

Langland.

136a.

West Mid. Diai. (Lan&)
1360.

Chaucer.
Z386.

1440.

Coll. Usb.
1875.

Bot \\xxi )>e eggyng of Eue he ete of an apple.

Allit. Poems: "Cleanness, 1. 241.

January hath caught so gret a wille,
Thorugh eggyng of his wyf, him for to pleye
In his gardeyn. Marchaundes Tale^ 1 890.

Eggyn^ or entycyn, to doon* welle or yvele; InatOy
provoco. Prompt. Parv.

He eggs him on to o' sorts o' mischief.

EGG-CLOCK, sb, a cockchafer. See Clock.

Coll. Use.
1875.

Lancashire Proverb . Kill a egg-clock an' it 11 rain
to-mom.

EGGS-AN'-COLLOPS, sb. toad-flax, Linana vulgaris.

EHyffron. I. Cf. Icel. ek, egy I.

Waugh. «* Aw'm donnin this lad as fast as ek con," replied

Betty. Sneck-Banty c. iii., p 50

1868.

I20

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

EH, interj, oh or ah.

Wattgh.
1867.

6. Bribrlbv.
187a

EIGH, adv, aye, yes.

Collier.
1750.

J. P. Morris.
X867.

Eh^ Ailse— that blanket, that owd blanket ! Eh^
iv that blanket could talk, Ailse, it could oather make
folk laugh or cry ! — Owd Blanket^ c. iii., p. 61.

"^i, whatever is ther* t* do," hoo shrikt eawt.

Bundle o* Fents^ i., p. 31.

Mary : Is Seroh o' Rutchots so honsome ?

Tim : Eigh^ hoos meeterly. Works, p. 54.

Tom ex'd t' priest if it was trew 'at ther' wos sich
things. ''Eigh,'" said t' aid fella, an' his lile black
eyes fair twinkled wi' fun, **Eigh, ther's many a
million on *em." Lebby Beck Dobby, p. 5.

EISCH-KEYS (N. and Mid. Lane), sb. the pods containing the
seed of the ash. A.S. cesc^ ash-tree ; whether the ending is
really A.S. cceg, a key, is not proven.

'440. Esch keyy frute ; Claya in fructinus. ^Prompt, Parv,

^"" ^1875^ ^"^ ChUd log, : Let's ga an' gedder some eisch^keys

an' lake at conquerors. [In this amusement the
wings of the seed are interlocked ; each child then
pulls, and the one whose "keys " break is conquered]

ELDER, 1 adv, rather, more easily. Icel. heldr. more, rather.

ELTHER, j Dan. heller. Vigfusson says " Only Scandinavian,
not being found in Teutonic dialects." Yet it is found in Moeso-
Gothic in the form haldis. The literal meaning of haldis is more
favourable, and A.S. hold^ friendly, is from the same root. Thus
elder really means " with more pleasure." Cf. A.S. hyld^ inclina-

tion, favour.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.)

133a

Waugh.

1857.

Gawan got3 to )>e gome, with giseme in honde.
And he baldly hym bydez,.he bayst neuer ^ helder.
Sir Gawayne and Grene Kt,<, 1. 375.

Ibid.
•874.

Aw*d go as fur as oather grace grew or waytur ran.
afore avrd live amoon sich doins. One could either
manage we't at th' for-end o' their days.

Lane, Sketches : Bury to Rochdale, p. 26.

I declare I'd elder see 'em wortchin for th' next to
nought nor see 'em doin nought. It keeps 'em ^out o'
lumber, an that's summat.

Chimney Corner: Manchester Critic ^ Feb. 21.

ELDER, sb, the cow's udder.

Coll. Usb.
1875.

When thaer't milkin', Nancy, thae mun' bi gentle
wi hur, hur elder'* s a bit sore.

ELDERS, sb. ancestors, parents, betters. A.S. eldran, yldran,
elders, parents.

God sende to seie, by Samuel mou)>e,
pat Agag and Amalec and al his peple aftur,
Schulden dye for a dede )>at don hedde his eldren
A3eynes Israel and Aaron and Moyses his broker.
Piers Plowman^ A-text ; Passus'iii. 246.

Langland.
Z363.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

121

Wyclif. And I profitide in the lewerie aboue manye of

^3^ myne euene elderis in my kynrede, and was more

aboundantli a folowere of my £eKlris tradicions.

Galat. c. i.
[The Authorized Version, in place of "manye of
myne, euene elderis in my kynrede" has "many my
equals in mine own nation.*']

For he was boren of a gentil hons
And had his eldres noble and vertuous.

Wyf of Bathes Tale, 298.

Hereof it came, that the word [elder] was always
used both for the magistrate, and for those of age and
gravity ; the same bailing one signification in almost
all languages. ffist. World, b. i. c 9. s. I.

CcBsar: Forget not in your speed, Antonio,
To touch Calphumia ; for our elders say,
The barren touched in this holy chace,
Shake off their sterrile curse. Jul, Cas,, i. 2, 6.

ELDIN' (N. Lane), ) sb. fuel or fire. The word is

EILDIN' (N., Mid., and S. Lane), j appL to any kind of fuel,

and to the brushwood of which fences are made. Icel. elding,

firing, fuel ; Scot, eilding, from Icel. eldr, fire ; A.S. cded, fire ;

A.S. (Blafi, to kindle.

I440- Eyldynge, or fowayle \ Focale. — Prompt, Pa^v.

Chaucbs.
1386.

Silt Walter Ralbigh.
z6xa

Shakspbre.
1623.

Wauoh.
2857.

Ibid.
1866.

Dr. Barbbs.

1870.

He fetched a great handful of heather from the
inner room, and, cramming into the fire-place, put
a light to it. Up blazed the uiHammable eliding,
with a crackling so\md.— Lane. Sketches : Rochdale
to Blackstone Edge, p. 156.

These coals were burnt very sparingly, with dried
roots, brushwood, and other bits of dried *^eildin*.^*

Ben an^ tfC Bantam, c. i., p. 14.

She'd just thraan down a girt leadd o' fire eldin\
she'd fetdit off t* fell. Forness Folk, p. 15.

ELLY-MOUTH (N. Lane), sh, a bound or goal in the game of
football. Probably a corruption of Mid. E. hell-mouthy a com-
mon expression due to the fact that the entrance to hell was
commonly represented by a widely opened mouth. See the nu-
merous illustrations in Nares' Glossary, s, v. Barlibreak. Herrick
wrote an epigram, with the title " Barlibreak, or Last in HelL"
Hell was the middle compartment of the three which were
marked out in playing this game.

ELSIN (S. Lane), ) sb, a sort of shoemaker's awl. The Dutch
ELSON (E. Lane.). ) word for an awl (A.S. dl, awel) is els, from

which elsin is formed by the addition of the diminutive suffix in.

Tauchnitz's Dutch Diet, has the entry : ** Els, f. an awl, elsin.^^

Elsyn ; Sibula. — Prompt. Parv.

In the inventory of the goods of a merchant as
Newcastle, A.D. 157 1, occur **vj dossVZf^n heftet
I2d. j clowte and ^ a c elson blades."

Wills andlnv. : Surtees Soc. i. 361.

1440.
1571.

122 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

£LT (K Lace.) v. to stir oaten dough some time after kneading.
IceL eUa, (i) to chase ; (2) to knead, to work. Mid. E. eiteftj to
knead.

Coll. Usb. Hoos eliin t' doff an canno' come.

1875.

END-IRON (S. Lane), ) sb, a moveable plate

END-ARNS (E. Lane, and Goosnargh dist), I to eontraet the fire-
place. End may be a corruption here, as the common word is
andiron.

Coll. Usb (E. Lane) Put them endarns in an idl nod brun so monny

i87S' coyls.

ENTY (N. Lane), sk the last furrow in a rigg. A.S. ende ; Icel.
endi^ the end, conclusion.

ER, /r<?«. our. A.S. Hre, lit of us, gen. pi. oiwe.

Waugh. We'n live't together, an* we'n had th' best ov er

^867. jj^yg together. Qzvd Blanket^ c. iii., p. 63.

ESHLE-TREE (N. and E. Lane), sb. an axle-tree. A.S. eax^ an
axle-tree, with the dimin. suffix el,

I440' Axyltre or exyltre. Axis. — Prompt, Parv,

ESLINS (N. and E. Lane.), sb. a salmon-fly.

ESS (S. and S. E. Lane, and Goosnargh dist.), sb, ashes. A.S. asce^
dsce ; IceL aska ; Mid. E. asche, esche, esse,

Dan Michel. Huet am ich bote esssse [i e. what am I but ashes.]

'3*®' Ayenbite of Inwyi^-p. lyj.

[This, however, only illustrates the vowel; the con-
8on£uit is quite different, since the Kentish ss means
sh; and the doubling of sh is indicated by the four
esses ; hence esssse = esh-she, a disyllable. Dr.
Stratmann seems not to have noticed this, and spells
the word wrongly.]

Coll. Usb. Come, lass, sweep th' ess up, an' let's bi lookin'

^875. tidy.

ESS-HOLE (S. and S. E. Lane), sb, the hole under the fire which
receives the ashes. See Ess.

Collier. Deawn he coom o th' harstone, on his heeod i th

'7SO- esshole, IVorks, p. 52.

B. Brierlev. Theau'rt farrantly yet, if the^u'd nobbut keep eaut

*®^* o'th* essAo/e, an' smarten thisseP up.

Fratchingtons^ p. Ii.

ETTLE (N. and E. Lane), v, to intend, to purpose. Icel. cetlay
(i) to think, mean, suppose; (2) to intend of oneself, piupose.
Mid. E. ahtiien^ atlien^ etlen.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) For)>i an aunter in erde I attle to schawe.

*3^ .Sir Gawayne and Grene Knt.^ I. 27.

Wkst Mid. Dial. (Lane.) Me bos telle to ))at tolk ]>e tene of my wylle

*3^ And alle m)m attlyng [purpose] to Abraham vn-haspe

bylyne. Allit, Poems^ B, L 687.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. I 2$

William (Sunume iinknownO pe emperour entred in a wey euene to atiele^
1300. ^Q hai\xQ bruttehet J^t bor at >e abaie sel>)>en.

Will, and Werwolf^ 205.

CoLL^sE. East Lancashire Saying : He*s ready to etile but

*^* never to do.

ETTLE (N. and E. Lane), adj\ stingy. A.S. etoi^ greedy, occurring
in the compound ofer-etoL

Coll. Use (E. Lane) Hoo's varra ettU to-day, an' gi*s next to nowt.

1875. •'» »

E WEN-DOWN, adv. (N. and R Lane), ue. even-down; thorough,
downright

Coll. Use (E.Lanc). I gav him a euven-down blow.

1875. ^

EWEN-FORRIT (N. Lane). 1 adv,, le. even fore-right or even-
EWEN-FURRUD (E. Lanc.),J forward ; directly forward.

Coll. Use. He went ewen-forrud an' nowt could stop him.

EVVEN-ON, adv. (N. and E. Lane), i.e. even-on ; close to the
mark.

Coll. Use. (E. Lane.) That wur ewen-on t' hoyle.

1875. ^

■ V. pron. of Ax and Asked (^. z/./in Fumess and K Lane.

EX,
EXT,
ESHT, J

J. p. Morris. A chap i* U'ston . . wos ga'n tH ex neabody

'^7- kna's how mitch a pund for it.

Invasion 0^ CPslon, p. 4.
Dr. Barber. ^ slonkin sooart of a chap exl for a leet job o'

^ ^* some maks at t' pits. Forness Folk^ p. 2 1 .

EYSEL, sh. 2L kind of vinegar made from the juice of the wild crab.
O. Fr. aist'l, vinegar (Roquefort) ; which is said to be from the
Greek i^oXw, which from Hv^, sharp.

Anon. That lad her life onely by bread

I370* Kneden with eisell strong and egre.

Romauntofihe Rose^ 1. 217.

WicLiF. And thou shalt greithe [make ready] ^j^/veselis

^3 and phiols. Exodus^ xxv. 29.

1440- Esylle. Acetum. Prompt, Parv.

Shaksperb. Whilst, like a willing patient, I will drink

^^ Potions oieysellf 'gainst my strong infection.

Sonnet, c. xi.

Rev. W. Gaskbll. I have not heard the word for some thirty years. . .

'^S^* I have heard Lancashire people formerly make use of

the expression **as sour as ^ryJ^/."

Led. Lane. Dialect, p. 12.

124 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

F.

FADDER (Mid. and N. Lane), sb. father. h,S. fader ; Du. vader;
Dan. and Swed. fader. Professor Skeat (Etymological Dic-
tionary) says ** the spelling fader is almost universal in Middle
English ; father occurs in the Bible of 155 1. The change from
M-.^nfadery tnoder^ to father^ mother y is remarkable, and perhaps
due to the influence of th in brother (A.S. bro^or\ or to Icel.
foAir^ Father occurs in Tyndale's New Testament of 1526.

i«. t'S" ^^^soN. He was niver seen ageean wi neibody. .He partit wi'

(High Fumess Dialect.) gg^ty ^t her fadder duer i* Tilberthet, an' that was t'

last on him ! Folk-Speech of Cumberland^ p. 94.

Waugh. Ye see, my fadder an' mudder lies buried there — an'

(Furn^ Dialect) ^^ ^zxif adder, an' my great gc^-fadder, an' I know

not hoo mony mair o' my awn im,

Jannock, c. vi., p. 55.

FADDLE, sb. nonsense, evasive trifling. (Bamford's Glossary.)
Usually used with the addition of the ^oxh fiddle.

Coll, Use. Com€^ no fiddle fuddle ; out with it at once, mon.

i88o«

FADGE, sb, a burden, part of a horse's load. (Bamford's Glossary.)
FADGE, V, to toil.

Dr. Barber. I set oflF by t' Gillbanks, an' fudged away up Gams-

FAFFMENT (N. Lane), sb, nonsense.

FAIN, adj, and v, glad, delighted, eager, fond, willing, compelled or
obliged. A.S. fcegen^ glad. The word in the forms fayn^ fayne^
and feytiy is to be found in the Alliterative FoemSy West Midland
(Lancashire) dialect, 1360 ; Piers Plowman, Chaucer, and is
indeed common in Mid. Eng. See also Shakspere's 2 Hen. VI,.,
act ii., sc. I.; Bacon's Essay ** Of Empire;" Burns' Tarn 0^
Shanter; Sir W, Scott's Blcu:k Dwarf chap, ii.; Morris's Jason^
p. 91 ; Forster's Life of Dickens^ vol. i., p. 182.

Miss Lahee. Aw'm rare an' fain at yo could cheat yon owd stingy

^^S- beggar out of ought. Carter's Struggles, p. 28.

Waugh. **Wed folk, be hanged!" answered Ben. "Aw'm

1867. yjjj-^ t^^ ^g are wed, lass ; an' that's moor nor some can

say." Owd Blanket, c. i., p. 25.

FAIR, adv, really, actually, completely.

Coll. Use. Aw vrntfair shuddering wi' cowd.

1880. jjg ^m. ^,y gioppent (completely astonished).

He WQxfair done up.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 25

FAIRIN', sd. a gift from the fair.

FAIRISH-ON, adj. elderly ; also partially intoxicated.

FAND (W. Lane), v. found. Cursor Mundi^ a.d. 1320, Cotton
and Gottingen MSS., 1. 10,993 i Alliterative FoemSy a.d. 1360,
A. 870 ; and in other Northumbrian and West Midland texts.

J. p. Morris. Ivery roum an' celler wos rumiged ower an* ower, but

(FumessDialect.) they/ff«</ nowte. Invasion 0* Vston, p. 5.

Waugh. He fand that his breeches were getten sadly aat o*

(Furaess Dialect) g^ar. Jannock, c. vii., p. 61.

FARMOST, adj, farthest. Also pronounced furmost. Dryden has
"Within Xhtfarmosi entrance of the grot." {Sigismonda, 1. 264.)

Coll. Use. He lives at ^ furmost house i'th* lone.

1880.

FARRANT, adj. becoming, decent, nice, applied to action or
dress. See Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (a.d. 1320),
1. 1 01, for ^^faranditst'' = goodly feast ; E. E. Alliterative Poems,
West Mid. (Lane.) dialect, a.d. 1360, Bk. A., L 864, for *' talle
farande^^ = pleasing tale.

FARRANTLY, adv, decently. See E. E. Alliterative Poems, Bk. C,
L 435, for /arandely = p\easBXitly.

FARRANTLY, adj. reputable, decent.

Collier. Yo'ar a ninyhommer t' heed *ur, for there's none sich

^7S»- farrantly talk abeawt *ur. — Works : Tim Bobbin, p. 72.

John Scholbs. Hoo's as hard a wortchin', howsom, farrently, day-

^^57' sunt o body us is to bi fund e Smobridge.

Jaunt to see W Queen, p. 14.

Waugh. Aw'd tak him just while he*re inclined,

^^59* An* 2^ farrantly bargain he*d be.

Lane. Songs: TTu Bute's € this Bonnet,

B. Bribrlet. Theau*rt farrantly yet, if theau'd nobbut keep eaut o*

1868. ^ esshole, an* smarten thisel up.

Fratchingtons, p. 11.

FASH, V. X.O trouble, annoy, vex. OJF, fascher, "to anger, dis-
please, offend" (Cotgreave.) See Bums' Epistle to fames Smith.

Coll. Use. Tha* doesn't need to fash thisell abeawt it It *11

"^ come reel i*th* end.

FASH, sb. the leaves of a turnip or carrot. (Bamford's Glossary.)

FASH (Ormskirk), v. to pare, to cut off

FAST-GATED, adj. reckless, thoughtless. Lit. : quick-paced.

Waugh. He didn't like th* notion of his hard-getten brass bein*

"75- squander't bi 2i fast-gated spendthrift.

Old Cronies, c iv., p. 40.

FATTERT, v, embarrassed.

Bamford. He's quite/fl//^ wi' it,— Glossary.

126 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

FAUSE or I ,. . . ,

FAWSE, f ^^' "^^^^ cunning, sly.

Collier. Odd ! but that wur o mtety/awse owd felly.

'7SO- WbrJ^: Tim BobHn, p. 57.

Waugh. He're 2tsfause as a boggart, as th* neighbours weel knew,

^^76- Though — when he'd a mind — he could look like a foo.

Poems and Songs : TTie Grindlestone,

Ibid. Mi faither wur about 2&fause a chap as ever I let on.

^^76. Chimney Corner^ c. vii.

FAVVOUR (favour), v, to resemble, to have the same outward
appearance or form. This verb is formed from the noxm favour
in its old sense.

Waugh. /one, Yo reckelect*n a *tomey co*in' here once't What

^^55. dun yo think o' him ?

Sam. He fawurs a foo, Jone ; or aw'm a foo mysel*.

JohnScholes. WhotI thoose show dolls? sed Tum. 1\i\ fawum

^^^* us iv thid bin tryin* to jump thru th* hoop un ud stuck'n

fast i' th' middle oWt,— Jaunt to see tJC Queen, p. 23.

Waugh. "Who are they?" said the landlord; "conto make

^^^* *emeawt?" **Nawe,*' answered the carter; "but they

y&ti^fwr'w Todmorden chaps." Dulesgate,^, 19.

FAWN-FRECKLED, adj\ freckled, having small spots on the face.
A Lancashire folk-rhyme runs thus —

Fawn-freckles han made a vow,
Theyll noan come on a face that's feaw.

This is because freckles are usually found on a fair skin.

FAYBERRY, sb. = fairy's berry ; a gooseberry.

Waugh. " Well," said Randal, ** heaw arto for gooseberries ?"

1868. "Eh," said Ben, "aw ha'not a fayberry-\xt^ i* th'

garden." Sneck-Bant, c. ii., p. 26.

Ibid. There's a hare under th' fayherry tree, at th' bottom

^^75- o' yo'r garden. Yo' mun be sharp.

Old Cronies^ c. vii., p. 89.

FEAR, V, to frighten, to terrify. Frequent in Shakspere. See
Venus and Adonis, 1. 1,094 ; Ant and Cleo., ii., sc. 6 ; Tarn.
Shrew, i., 2, 1. 211. See Feart.

FEART or )

l^'FAR'D I ^* ^^'*2ii^> frightened, terrified. See Fear, Afeard.

John Scholbs. Feeurt, sez tah I Aw've sin naut e Manchistur ut con

i857« feeur me. Jaunt to see tW Queen, p. 27.

Miss Lahee. Aw'm feert on it deein', cose it's bin ailin* this day or

1865. ty^o, an' ud eyt nought. — Carter's Struggles, p. 33.

Waugh. Yo'n nought to be feeor't on. He's fuddle't to-neet

^ but a quieter chap never broke brade.

Ben arC tfC Bantam, c. vi., p. 114.

FEATHER- YED, sb, a light and brainless person. Tennyson's
Queen Mary, v. i., *' A fool and featherhead."

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 127

FEAW, adj, ugly, unhandsome.

Waugh. There never wur Vifeaw face i' this world but there wur

'^S5« Sifeaw &nc7 to match it, somewheer.

Lane, Sketches : Bury to Rochdale,

FEExAG (Fumess), sb, a flatterer. 'K,%, fagniatiy to flatter.

FFORIN' I ^^' ^^' ^^^ spirits, fearful things.

Waugh. In the lonely detached dwellings which are scattered

iSsS' among the hills and doughs of the ** Edge " [Blackstone

EdgeJ they cling to the speech, and wa3rs, and super-
stitions of their rude forefathers. A tribe of hardy,
industrious, old-fashioned, simple-hearted folk, whose
principal fear is poverty and boggarts. They still gather
round the fire, in comers where factories have not reached
them, on dark nights in winter, to feed their imagination
with scraps of old legend, and tales of boggarts, fairies,
and feeorin^ that haunt their native hills and dales. —
Lane, Sketches : Rochdale to Blackstone Edge^ p. 124.

John Higson. As for fact'ry lads, they caren nowt noather for bog-

1852. garts xiyafeorin\ — Gorton Historical Recorder, p. 17.

John Scholes. Wheer aw wur browt up at, it fair swarmt wi feeorifC,

1857. Jaunt to see th^ Queen, p. 60.

Waugh. Neaw, mother, dunnot fret yo ;

^^859* Aw am not like mysel* ;

Put, *tis not lung o* ih^ feeorin*
That han to do wi* th' deil.

Lane, Songs : What ails thee, my son Robin ?

FEERSUNS-EEN, sb, Shrovetide. Such is Collier's spelling. The
more recent form is Fasten-een. See Burns' Epistle to Lapraik : —

On Fasten-een we had a rockin.

To ca' the crack, and weave our stockin.

Collier. For I should be lose ot Feersuns-een, on it matter't

'7S«. naw mitch. Works: Tim Bobbin, p. 68.

FEGGUR, adj, fairer. (Bamford's Glossary.) A.S. fegetyfegr^ fair.

FELD, past tense of v. to feel.

FELLY, sb, a fellow, a man, a sweetheart.

Waugh. Little Billy put his arm round his mother's neck, and

^^^' said, " Aw's be 2. felly, soon, shan't aWj mam?" **Ay,

in a bit, my love," replied Betty, with a long-drawn
sigh ; **in a bit, iv God spares thi life." " Little lads
o* groon into fellys, don't they mam?" "Ay, if they
liven, my love," answered Betty, in a quiet tone.

Sneck'Bant, c. iii., p. 53.

Coll. Use. Sithee, that first is 2k felly ; t'other are o' women.

XooO.

Ibid. Mam, eawr Mary's getten a felly neaw : aw met 'em

i'th lone to-neet.

FELLON (N. Lane), sb, a sore, a disease in cows.

FELLON-WOOD (N. Lane), sb, the plant Bitter-sweet (Solanum
Dulcamara).

128

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

COLLIBR.
1750-

Gaskell.

1854.

Waugh.

1859.

Waugh.
1867.

Dr. Barber.

1870.

FEND, V. to provide for, to seek, to strive. A.S, fandian^ fandigan^
to try, tempt, prove, seek, search out. Fend is used by Bums.
See Poor Mailic,

Nip [a dog] I \tti fend for hur sit\xi.r— Works : Tim
Bobbin^ p. 49^

Another common expression is ^^fendin* and provin*."
The former word is not, as might be supposed, a cor-
ruption of defending, but is from the Anglo-Saxon
fandian, to try, to seek, to search out. And when a
man is **fendin^ for a livin' for hissel'," or ^^fenditC for
his family," he is seeking a means of subsistence for
himself or them. Lect, Lane, Dialect, p. 17*

God bless him ^ih2X fends for his livin*.
An' houds up his yed through it o' !

Lane, Songs : God bless these poor folk I

The Board gave orders for the man and his wife and
three of the children to be admitted to the workhouse,
leaving the other two lads to ^^fend for theirsels," and
find new nests wherever they could.

Factory Folk during Cotton Famine, P- S^*

FENDY (N. Lane), ) ^. j •. , ^ v

FENSOME (ditto), j '''^- ^^""^^^ ' ^^^^ ^^^*' becoming.

She's a g2iy fendy lile body, an* a terble favourite
amang o' maks o' foke. Forness Folk, p. 32.

FERRUPS, int. an exclamation, as "Wot ih! firrups arto doin'?"

Whoy, what ikitferrups don yo myen, felley ?

Betty 0' Yefs Tale, p. 20.

FEST (N. Lane), v, (i) to put out to board ; (2) to put out cattle
to grass at a rate per head ; (3) to let off any work.

FET, V, fetched. See Fox.

FETTLE, sb, condition.

Yo'r long traunce '11 ha* made yo' i' rare fettle for yo'r
breykfast. Betty 0' Yefs Tale, p. 6.

" Bravo, Jem," said Giles. "By th' mass, thou'rt i*
^nxA fettle. Thou mends as thou gets owder."

Old Cronies, c. vii., p. 86.

FETTLE, V, to mend, improve, set right, dress. Shakspere uses
the word in Rom, and/,, act iii., sc. 5, line 154.

I think t' be an ostler, for I con fettle tits.

Works: Tim Bobbin, p. 71.

One neet aw crope whoam when my weighvin* were o'er,
To brush mo, an' wesh mo, ^.n* fettle my yure.

Lane, Songs : Jamie's Frolic,

Peggy, Aw'U fot thi cooat. Should aw co at little
Flanker's to get it fettled? Or should aw try to do it
misel ?

Tim, Theau con just ha' thi own road. Ift' thinks
theau con fettle it, theau may try. — Fratchingtons, p. 41.

T' bonny lile lan'lady com in a minute, wi' her ySr
[hair] o^ fettled ui^, Forness Folk, p. 32.

Miss Lahrb.
1865.

Miss Lahee.
1865.

Waugh.
1875.

Collier.
1750.

Waugh.
1859.

B. Brierley.
1868.

Dr. Barber.
1870.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. I 29

FEWTRILS, sb, little things. In Bums' Address to a Louse this is
given *' fatt'rels," and in the glossary is described as "ribbon-
ends " : —

Now baud ye there, ye're out o' sight,
Below atit fdtt^rels, snug an' tight.

John Scholbs. Peg had hur hoppet ov hur arm wi her odd fewtrils

^857. in*t. Jaunt to see th' Queen, p. 28.

FEY, V. to remove the earth over stone or slate.

FIR-BOB, sb. a fir-cone.

FIRE-POTE, ) ^ ,

FIRE-POTTER, J ^^' ^ P^^^'^*

John Scholes. Th' monkey wur makkin o foyar-potter ov it neebur's

*^57« paw. Jaunt to see th* Queen, p. 56.

Waugh. We went towards this place with the poker, . . Out

1867. came John from the kitchen. "Here, John, owd brid,"

said one of the carters, "weigh this fire-potter for us,
wilto?'* Dulesgate, p. 25.

Waugh. Iv aw wur her mother, see yo, aw'd tak that pouse at

1867. top o' th' yed wi* th* fire-pote iv ever he darken*t my

dur-hole upo* sich an arran^ as that

Tattlin^ Matty, c. ii., p. 19.

FIRTLE (N. Lane), v. to intermeddle in small matters ; also, to
fidget.

FITTED, V, suited, served.

Coll. Use. " Thae'rt a lung time a getttn fitted"

'^^* "Aye, this mon*s so slow: aw nobbut want a bit o*

calico."

FLAIGHT, sb. a light turf.

FLAKE, \ sb. a shelf, or a number of cords stretched between
FLEAK, V two pieces of wood upon which to hang oatcake.
FLEIGH, J See Brade-flake, Brade-fleigh.

John Higson. [About the middle of last century] the domestic

1852. arrangements included boilers, flour and meal coflfers,

apple arks, and oat-cake fieak, oaten cake and bread
forming a considerable portion of their ordinary diet.

Gorton Historical /Recorder, p. 12.

B. Brierlby. Pointing to a fiake oxfieigh well thatched with crisp-

* looking and nicely browned oat-cakes, which curled over

the strings that held them like a bishop's hat-brim
inverted. Irkdale, p. 45.

FLANG, V. flung.

Waugh. Grippin' th' poker tight in his reet bond, he shot th*

1868. bowt wi* his left, ?lX!l fiang th' dur wide oppen.

Sneck'Bant, c. ii., p. 38.

FLANNIN, sb. flannel. The more correct form. W. gwlanen^
flannel.

Burns. I wad na been surprised to spy

1786. YQ^ QQ ^jj j^^i^ wife's yZaiwn I07. — To a Louse,

130 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

FLASH-PIT, sb. a pit nearly grown up with reeds and grass.
FIASKER, V. to struggle, to flounder.

Collier. Deawn coom I i'th weter, on flaskert int' eh geete

'^so* howd on a sawgh. [= Down I came into the water,

and floundered t^ I got hold of a willow].

Works : Tim Bobbin^ p. 49.

B. Brirrlby. a lot o' cowts (colts) ut han kicked zxC flaskert thersels

^^^' eaut o' wynt (wind). Irkdale, p. 23.

FLASKET, sb. a shallow basket. Welsh fflasged, a shallow basket.

FLAY, \v, to frighten. See Flay. Fley is A.S. flegan (not in

FLEY, J the dictionaries), another form oi flygan, to put to

flight, in Leo's Glossar{noi in Bosworth). It is the causal of

K.S. fleon, to flee, fly. See Flezen in Strutmann, and Allit,

Foemsy ed. Morris, B. 960 [W. W. S.] .

Collier. True, Tummns, no marvil ot o wur so flay d ; it wur

^750- so fearfoo dark ! Works : Tim Bobbin^ P» SL

Ibid. These wur'n th' boggarts ot flayd*n thee !

Works: Tim Bobbin^ Intro, p. xxxvii.

Dr. Barber. i yfz&flayte o* missin' t' train, so meadd t' best o' me

* ^^ way to San* side. Fomess Folk, p. 16.

Waugh. <« What, thae'rt noan fleyed ov a cat, arto ?" asked the

^^^' landlord. '*Xvr'm fleyed o' that cat," replied Ben.

Ben an^ th* Bantam, c. ii., p. 46.

Waugh. «« Craddy," said Giles, "draw nar to th' table. Thou

' '^' looks as if thou were beawn to fire a gun. Thou*s no

'casion to ht fleyed.** Old Cronies, c. iii., p. 33.

FLAY-CROW (N. Lane), sb, a scarecrow, a ridiculous object
Pronounced: Flay-craa.

FLAYSOME, ) •. . .„,

fleysome; I '^^' ^^'^''^'

Waugh. "What, th' boggart?" "Ay ; an* th' warst boggart

'^75- there is upo' this country-side for flaysome deed, an'

powlerin' about i' th' neet time 1"

Old Cronies, c. ii., p. 24.

FLEAZY, adj. dusty, linty, fibrous.
FLECK, sb. a flea.

Coll. Use. Aw sent him ofif wi' a fleck in his ear-hole aw con tell

"*^ yo : he'll noan come a courtin' here again.

FLEED, V. flayed, skinned.

FLEET (N. Lane), v. to skim. See Flet.

FLEETINS, sb. pi. the curd of milk from which cream is made.
A.S.flety cream.

Gaskell. We have 2^sofleetins, from the K.S.fliete (cream, that

'^52. which floats) signifying the curds from which cheese is

made. Lect. Lane, Dialect, p. 19.

FLEET-TIME (Ormskirk), sb. break of day, twilight.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. I3I

FLEIGH. See Flake.

FLET, p,p, skimmed. See Fleet and Fleetins.

FLET-MILK, sb. skimmed milk.

John Scholbs. The*ad bettur may o roice puddin', fur win o deyle o

1857. JUt^milk laft Jaunt to su ih* Queen, p. 19.

FLINDERS, sb, pi. small pieces, fragments. See Bums' On a

Scotch Bard: —

'Twill mak ber poor, auld heart, I fear,
Infiinders flee.

FLIPE (N. Lane), sb. the brim of a hat

Dr. Basbbx. He hed a terble grand white hat on top of his heead,

1870. ^» gjrt breadd^j^j tul it like a collegian ameastt.

Fomess Folk, p. 57.

FLIT, V. to move from a house, with the household goods. Mid.
Eng. flitten ; Dan. flyite. See " flitting" in Tennyson's " Walking
to the Mail."

Psalms of David. Thou tellest my flittings. — Ps, Ivi. 8, Pr, Bk. Ver.

i62S» Edmund Piatt pledges himself ^^tojlitt remove and

depart out of and from all that capitaU messuage or
dwelling-house called the Piatt."

Booker's Birch, p. 23.

Miss Lahbb. He towd me to tell you ut th' notice stons good, un

^^55. yo man jut. Neddy Fitton's Visit, ^. ij,

FLITTIN', sb. the removal from a house.

FLimN',}"^-^'?^*^"^-
FLOOS (Fumess), sb. a sluice.

FLOSS 1 ^^' ^^^^® threads, fibres ; a loose texture.

Collier. Sitch difloose o hay follot me ot it driv me shiar deawn.

'7SO- Works: Tim Bobbin, p. 68.

FLOP, V, to throw or put down anything suddenly, in such a
manner as to make a noise.

Coll. Use. Whoile they wur o* sittin' round th' foire as quiet as

'*^ mice, a greyt lump o' soot flopped deawn th' chimney.

FLOP, sb. a noise, a hollow sound.

FLOSH (Fumess), sb. water, or a watery place. CL flush,

FLOTE, V. (past tense of Flyie) to scold or upbraid sharply.

Collier. Mezzil fease [Mezzil-face] startit to his ittt,floie none,

^750- boh gran like a foomurt-dog. — Works : Tim Bobbin, p. 52.

Waugh. An* er Btityflote me, as if aw'd bin th' instigation o'

1865. ^» ^hoie consam. Besom Ben^ c» iv,> ^, iS^V

132 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

FLUET (Furness), sb. a blow with the back of the hand.
FLUNTER, I sb. order; correct arrangement, as in machinery.

a

FLUNTERS, ) See Eawt-o'-flunters.

FLUSK, sb, a whirring sound.

Collier. I heard th* eawl come into th* hoyle, on presently

1750- summot come with a ^^iflusk thro* th* riddle.

Works : Tim Bobbin^ p. 45.

FLUTTERMENT, sb. fluttering excitement.

Waugh. Dan, owd lad, let's have a doance I These toes o*^

'^^9- mine are ram-jam full o* fluttennent! Strike up *The

Flowers of Edinburgh ;' aw*ll fuut it ! Just thee hearken
my feet, neaw. Yeth-Bobs, c, i,, p. 28.

FLUZZ (N. Lane), v. to blunt.

FLUZZED (N. Lane.), adj, blunt and jagged, or turned up at the
edges; bruised.

FLYRE, V. to smile improperly, impertinently, or scornfully. Pro-
bably pron. of the old vfoxh fleer,

FLYTE, V. to scold. A.S. Fhtan^ flite, he flit; ^tfldt, wefliion;
pp. fliterij gefliten. To strive, contend, dispute, quarrel, rebel.
Fht^ geflvt^ strife, wrangling.

Burns. And gin she take the thing amiss,

'790. E'en let \i^flyte her fiU, Jo.

**0 steer her up.'*

Gaskell. When a Lancashire man scolds, Yntflyies', from fly^afty

^^5** to quarrel. Lecf, Lane. Dialect^ p. 17.

Waugh. Yor noan beawn \.oflyte mo, owd crayter, are yo ?

'^55- Lane, Sketehes : Bury to Roehdale^ p. 25.

Miss Lahkb. Dunnot yo see Mally dar but say so, freetened Bob

*^S' met [might]^2V^ her for stoppin' Jinny off her feed.

Betty 0^ Yefs Tale, p. 27.

FOG, sb. the later growth of grass ; the aftermath.
FOISTY, adj. having a musty or bad smell or taste.

CoLLiBR. We'n had enough o thisy&w/y matter.

'^5°* Works: Tim Bobbin, Intro., p. xxxvi.

FOLD, \

FOWD, or • sb, a cluster of houses.

FOWT,

Waugh. Wardle Fold, near Wardle Hall, was fifty years since

'^^* only a small sequestered cluster of rough stone houses.

Lane, Sketehes, p. 124.

Waugh. Thou 'rt a town's talk, mon ! Th' childer putten their

' ^ * tungs out at tho, as thou gwos through Hcl fowd.

Chimney Comer, N. S., chap. ix.

FOO-GAUD, sb. a plaything.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

I3S

Waugh.
z868.

FOO*-HARD, adj. foolhardy.

He ails nought 'at aw know on, nobbut he talks to-
mich off at th* side, neaw an* then ; an* ht^sfoo-hard,

Sneck-Bantf c. ii., p. 25.

sb, a martin, polecat, or fitchew. Mid. Eng.

folmart. Prof. Skeat (Etym. Dictionary) says^

** A hybrid compound j Mid. "E./ul^ A,S.jftily

foul, stinking ; and old French marte, martre, a

marten. Thus it means *foul marten.' "

FOOMERT or
FOOMART,

Collier.
1750.

Waugh.
1855.

Waugh.
1865.

He gran like a./oomui-dog.

Works: Tim Bobbin^ p. 52.

The moors north of Hejrwood afford great sport in the
grouse season. Some of the local gentry keep harriers ;
and now and then a /oomart-hxiXiX. takes place, with
the long-eared dogs. — Lane. Sketches : Heywood and its
Neighbourhood^ p. 182.

They tum*t up at th* edge-o'-dark, as hungry as two
foomart-diOg^, Besom Ben^ c. iv., p, 45.

FOOR (N. Lane.), sh. a furrow.
FOOR-BREST (N. Lane.), adv. right in front.
FOO-SCUTTER, $b. silly boasting talk. Foo = fool. F. fou.

Waugh. "An* aw*ve a uncle *at owns two mills i* Darbyshire —

1866. jjjy ujjQie Joe, Thoose two mills are mine when he dees.

Crack that nut.'* ** Iv thy uncle Joe owns ony mills i*^

Darbyshire,** said Twitch, ** they*re coffee mills. Thae

desarves joUopin' for talkin* sich-likey&<7.ja<//^ as that.'*

Ben an^ tlC Bantam^ c. v., p. 96.

FOO-SIDE, sb. foolish side, the part most open to be gulled or
deceived. Foo = fooL F. fou.

Waugh. There is'nt a wick soul i* th* world at hasn*t z.foO'Side,

1876. •'

FOR-ALL, con. although, notwithstanding.

CollJUse. Well, yo know, he would goo for-all it wur so rough

^^^- and dark ; an* th* eend on*t wur he slipt into th' cut,

just at th* bridge comer an' wur drownt.

FORCE (N. Lane.), sb, a cascade or waterfall. A fall of water in
a narrow gorge. Icel. fors ; Dan. fos.

FORE-ELDERS, sb. pi. forefathers.

The entire population [about Hejnvood], though engaged
in manufacture, evinces a hearty love of the fields and
field sports, and a strong tincture of the rough simplicity,
and idiomatic quaintness, of their forefathers, or fore-
elders^ as they often call them. — Lane. Sketches, p. 183.

Some on 'em hes left bams behint *em *at m*appen
wodn't like t^ see the'r for-elders^ nee^ms mix*t up wi*
sic a bit o* Fomess Linch-ta. — Invasion 0^ ITston, p. 7.

He*s. a farmer, an* his fadder afore him was a farmer^
zs^ zXilais fore-elders were iaxmtxs.^Jannock, c. v., p. 3,6»

Waugh.
1855.

(^,

. P. Morris.
umess Dialect.)
1867.

Waugh.

(Fumess Dialect.)

1874.

134 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

FORE-END, sb, early spring ; the beginning of a thing or time j
used as the opposite of far-end.

Waugh. One could either manage we*t at ih! fbr^end o' their

'^^^ days. But what, we hannot so lung to do on neaw.

Lane, Sketches^ p. 26.

FORMER, V. to order or bespeak. Vxohibly former used as a verb.
Cf. \.o further a thing.

John Scholes. As fur mi shoon, awd gettin' o spon-new payre to put

'^57. on, ut ud hm fomurt o tnri wik gon.

Jaunt to see t)C Queen, p. 13.

B. Bribrlby. " Aw'm come a.-/ormerin a weddin'."

'^59. *^Formering a wedding! Oh, I see." replied the

clerk ; "you mean putting up the banns.

Lane, Tales and Sketches, p. 219.

FORRUD, adv. forward.

Bui^s. Yes 1 there is ane ; a Scottish callan —

1786. There's ane ; comt /orrit, honest Allan !

On Pastoral Poetry.

Waugh. Get forrud wi' thy deein'.

"^5^- Lane. Songs : Owd Pinder.

FOR-SET (Furness), v. to waylay.
FOR-SURE, adv. certainly, undoubtedly.

Coll Use. " Wilta come ?" " Aw will, fir-sure:'

looO.

FOR-THINK, V. to regret, to reconsider.

Waugh. When it geet th' edge-o'-dark, an' nought but th»

^ ^' wild cloof abeawt us, it made me rayther for-think ever

settin* eawt. Yeth'Bobs, c ii, p. 32.

FOR-TO, adv. in order to.

Bible, Author. Ver. And it came to pass, that there went out some of the

people on the seventh ^zyfor to gather, and they found
none. Ex. xvii. 27.

FOR-WHY, adv. wherefore. A.S. for-hwi.

^°^^«^^^ **For-why? Because he wur a foo', an knew no

'«^- better."

FOT or I V, fetched. A.S. fetian^ perfect tense; fette, to fetch, to
FET, J bring to.

Chaucer. And thereupon the wyn was fet anoon j

i38«. -^g dronken, and to reste went echoon.

Cant. Tales: Prologue, 1. 19.

Spenser. He was unhable them to fett.

'^^ F. Queene, Bk. ii., canto 9, v. 58.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 35

Shakspere. On, on, you noblest English,

1599. Whose blood is/et from fathers of war-proof I

King Hen. f\, iii., I, I. 18.

Bamford. Whilst Bet-at-Joe's nipt up her toes,

*^«- And fit owd John wi th' fiddle.

Poems: Siakehill Ball, p. 144.

Gaskbll. The Lancashire dialect has been peculiarly retentive

^^5«' of the Anglo-Saxon preterite, generally preferring the

strong conjugation to the we^. A Lancashire man
does not say he " fetched," but he **y^/" or ">/."

Lect Lane. Dialect^ p. 24.

Waugh. Send yo'r Alick to him, an' tell him to crack 0^ fiitin

^^^* law iv he doesn't turn up some brass.

Ben arC tJC Bantam^ c. iv., p. 77.

FOUGHTEN, part, of v. to fight. Shakspere, Henry V., act iv.,
sc. 6 ; W. MoTiiSy Jasofty p. 146.

B* Brikrlbv. I'd a quiet victory, but like mony a battle of a bigger

^^ sort, it wur unfairly fowten^ an' had to be bowt (bought)

at last. Ab-o-th*- Yate in London, p. 76.

Coll. Use. < « Hasto foughten .?"

1880. «*Nawe."

".Then gQtfiughten ; an' come whoam wi' thee."

FRAM (N. Lane), adj, brittle, tender.

FRAMPIT (Ormskirk), \sb. an iron ring which slides on the boose-
FRAMPUT (S.E. Lane), ) stake to fasten cows in their stall.

FRAP (N. Latic), sb. a blow. 'F.frapper.

FRAP, sb, a fit of temper or passion.

Collier. Come, come, dunnaw fly up in a /rap,

^750- Works : Tim Bobbin, Intro,, p. xxxvii.

Waugh. Dunnot tee fly up i' sich a fiap, mon, — what, aw

^^7* nobbut want a bit ov a wort (word) wi him.

OTvd Blanket, c. i., p. 10.

FRATCH, adj, and v, quarrelsome ; to quarrel, to dispute. '

Collier. Theydn some o'th' warst fratchingst cumpany ot e'er

I750' e saigh. Works : Tim Bobbin^ p. 52.

A. C. Gibson. As I Cud hear, they wor fratchin cruelly o' t' way as^

(High Fu^ Dialect) t»ey com. Folk-speech of Cumberland, p. 92.

Waugh. " Come, come, lads ; let's ha' no fratchinU Jone

1875. thou'rt gettin' terribly riwen o* at once."

Old Cronies, c. vii,, p. 90.

FRAWZIN' (Ormskirk), sb, a gossiping person.

FREETNIN* (N. Lane.), sb. a ghost, spirit, or anything uncanny.

J. p. Morris. " Ghosts ! Eigh, we've hed plenty on 'em i' Fomess,.

(Furaess Dialect) ^J^^ ^g»^ anudder nee^m for 'em; we ol'as co'd 'em
^* dobbies 6r^^/^w//w." Lebby Beck Dobby, ^, ^,

136 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

FREMD, sb. 2l stranger or guest.

FREMD, adj. strange, not related. Thus, a person living with
a family to whom he is not related is termed " z,fremd body.**
If it were asked, "Is he akin to you ?" the answer would be,
" Nawe, he's fremd," i.e. " he's one of us, but not a relation."
A.S. /remedy foreign; Moeso-Goth, framatheis ; G. fremdcy
strange. Bums uses ^^w// for strange. A "fremit man" is a
stranger.

Chaucer. Now alle is wd, for al the world is bl3nide

^380- In this matere, bothe fretned and tame.

Troylus and Crysede^ Bk. iiL, 1. 479.

Ibid. A faucon peregrjni than seemed she

Oifremde londe. Squieres Tale^ pt. ii., 1. 82.

Spenser. So now his frend is chaunged for Sifrenne,

^579* Shepheards Calender^ April, stanza 7,

Gaskell. Fremed or fremd in Anglo-Saxon meant foreign,

^852. strange ; or, as a substantive, a stranger or guest. We

meet with it in Chaucer as fretnde. In Spenser we
have it altered into frenne. Sir Walter Scott uses the
expression, "like a cow in ay^/»j^/ loaning." Precisely
the same meaning is given to the word by Lancashire
people. When an individual has been adopted into a
family, they say " he is a fremd,^'*

J^cU Lane, Dialect^ p. 20.

FRIST, sb. trust.

FRITH (N. Lane), sb, a wood ; also unused pasture land. "W.ffrith.

FROG-RUD, sb. the spawn of the frog, which may often be seen
floating on stagnant pools or ditches.

Waugh. [Lads] soiling their " good clooas," as country mothers

^^SS' used to call them, by tumbling among the dry soil of tie

hedge-side, and then rolling slap into the wet ditc^ at

the bottom, among cuckoo-spit, ^xAfrog-md^ and aU

sorts of green pool-slush. Lane. Sketches^ p. 189.

FROSK (N. Lane), sb. a frog. A.S. frox ; Icel. froskr. See
Frog in Skeat's Etym. Diet.

FRUM, adj. brittle.

^* ?6^^* Frum means fragile, or short, in the sense of short-

' ^ * cake, a common word in South Lancashire. A story is

told of a country girl giving some pears to the late Lady
Houghton, then of ^tley Hall, Chorley, and saying,
**The*re varra gud, an* if yoal nobbut put em under the
bowstert abaat a faurtnit they'll be zs frum as muck"
(soil). — Manehester Guardian Local Notes and Queries^
No. 1,107.

FRUMMETY oi\sb. new wheat boiled in milk ; from I.2X. frumen-
FURMETY, J turn. See Frumenty in Skeat's Etym. Diet.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 37

FRUMP, sb. a mock or jeer.

FRUPP (N. Lane), adj\ loose, spongy, easily broken.

FUB (Ormskirk), sb, long withered grass on old pastures or meadows.

FUD (N. Lane.), sb, the hair of a hare or rabbit.

FUDGE (Ormskirk), sb, a fat person.

FULL-MICKLE (N. Lane), adj. too much ; literally, full much.

FUN, V, pt, t, of verb find ; for fund, i,e. found.

p * j> ^^ \ adj. and adv. further ; also distant.

Waugh. Aw mun clear these brokken pots eawt, afore we

1865. gwon ony fur! Besom Ben, c. ix., p. 102.

Ibid. Let's see ; my aunt Matty lies i* yon fur nook.

*S^- SextotCs Story, p. 24.

Coll. Use. Stond /S/r ; i.e, move further back.

1880. "^

FUR-END, sb, the furthest end ; the last of any thing.

Coll. Usb. Well, we'n getten to t\i^ fur-end now ; an' the Lord

^^^ only knows what we mun do for eawr next meal.

FUSSOCK (S.E. Lane.),)

FUZ,

FUZZOCK,

• sb. an idle fat woman.

Collier. This broddling fussock lookt feaw os Tunor [a dog]

*75o- when I'd done. Works: Tim Bobbin, p. 55.

John Scholbs. Yoih I boh that ovrd fussock ov o woife ov hiz tuk it off

^^57' mi ogen. Jaunt to seeth^ Queen, p. 20.

Waugh. "Nay," cried Billy ; "thae'rt noan beawn to run off

1868. tjji bargain becose o >i}0A% fuzzock makin* her din, arto ?"

Sneck'Bant, c. ii., p. 40.

FUUTIN, sb. = footing ; condition, understanding.

Waugh. Aye, marry : thou may sattle wi' the dule his-sel' upo'

^^76- th2Ltfuutin\ Manchester Critic, March 3.

FUUTIN, sb, = footing ; a fine or contribution paid by an apprentice
or other person on the occasion of his entering upon a new trade
or situation ; also the entertainment provided by such payment.

Coll. Use. «« Has he paid his footin'V

1880. "Nawe."

** Then he starts no work here, aw con tell yo'."

138 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

G.

GA (N. Lane), v. to go. A.S. gd, go.

A. C. Gibson. But wrote-for punds go's farder far

(High Furness Dialect.) j^or hundreds gien or fund ;

^ ^^' An* sum' may be to t' fooer for t' bames

When we gd under t' grund.

Folk-Speech of Cumberland, p. 87.

GABLOCK,
GAVLOCK,

;' y sb. an iron crowbar, a weapon.

CoixiER. Truth on honesty gooin* hont eh hont howd*n one

'750' onother*s backs primely, on ston os stiff os o gablock.

Works, p. 62.
GAD-ABOUT, sb. an idle, rambling person.

GADWAUD (Cartmel), sb. a long stick.

GAFFER, sb, a master. ^

Coll. Use. Neaw then, shift sharp — ^here's th' gaffer comin'.

x88o.

GAIN, adj. direct, near, convenient, handy. Icel. gegn^ short, also
serviceable.

Coll. Use. Come back, mon ; this is th' gainest road.

1880. ' ,

GAIT (N. Lane), sb. pasturage for cattle during summer in a
common field.

GAITINS (N. Lane), sb. pL single sheaves of com set up on end
to dry.

GALE (N. Lane), sb. the wild myrtle or bog-myrtle, Myrica gale.
GALKER, sb. a tub to hold wort

John Scholes. Some o* thir own brewin' wur browt eawt, ut aw

1857- believe coom fro under th* galker, fur it wur onkommon

fresh o* berm. Jaunt to see tJC Queen, p. 22.

GALLIVANT, v. to go about in a loose or aimless manner.

Coll. Use. He*s gallivantin^ up and down wi* pkty-actors instead

'^^' o* mindin' his wark.

GALLOWSES )

CALLAGES * I ^^' ^^' ^^^^^^^ straps to hold up the trowsers.

Waugh. Goo an* get that jackass in, aw tell>«tho I An* then come

1865. njjj unbutton my gallowses, — Besom Ben, c. 11, p. 28.

Ibid. His breeches wur nobbut &stened wi* one gallace ;

'^^^' tother hanged down beheend, like a razzor-strap in a

barber's shop. Sneck-Bant, c. ii., p. 38.

Ibid- I can leet o* nought but two gallows-hyxttons an* a

'^75. *bacca papper. Old Cronies, c. ii., p. 25,

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 39

GALLOWS, adj. cunning, designing, full of duplicity.

Coll. Use. Tha mun look after yore Jem. He's a gallows young

1880. ^og^

GAM (game), sb, sport, rollicking, fun.

Waugh. Thoose b^[an o' snow-bo*in* one another, wi* breek

^^79- an' stones. . . . It's rare gam too— as lung as

a body doesn't get hit theirsel'.

Chimney Comer, p. 41,

GAMASHES (N. Lane.), sb,pL short gaiters or leggings.

GAM-LEG, sb. a crooked or feeble leg. Gatnmy^ meaning crooked or
feeble, is also frequently used as an adjective. Cf. Welsh cam,
crooked.

Gaskbll. I remember that a poor schoolfellow of mine who had

*^54« a bent leg, which obliged him to use a crutch, was com-

monly said to have a gam leg, I fancied that this was
because he was made **game" of, but the reason evi-
dently was because it was bent.

LecU Lane, Dialect, p. 8.

GAMMERSTANG (N. Lane), sb, an awkward, tall, slender person,
male or female.

GAN, V, gave, given.

Waugh. My mother's gan me th' four-post bed,

1859. wi' curtains to't an' o'.

Lane, Songs : Come, Mary, link thi arm,

r A\r I ^' ■^"^•)» ^' ^o go- A'S- g(^ngan, Icel. ganga, to go.

Dr. Barbbr. He com i' contact wi' t* middle o* t' beck whar t' stream

*^7o- was ganging at a cruel speed. Forness Folk, p. 6.

Ibid. T' miners gang to wark at o' hours o' t' neet.

Ibid,, p. 26.

Waugh. "Adam,*' said she, "if I wur thee, I'd gan down

*^74« to t' meadow, an' see what's goin' on. "

/annock, c. ii., p. 16.

GANG (Cartmel), sb. a lobby in a farm-house.

GANG-BOOSE, sb, a narrow passage from the cow-house to the
bam. See Boose. A.S. gang^ a way, path, passage.

GANK, sb. a deep, narrow footway.

GANTY, sb, a wooden frame on which barrels are placed.

GAR (Cartmel), v. to compel.

GARDEN-TWOD, sb. a large toad.

Wauoh. Hutch't of a lump, like a garden-twod,

* ^^' Chimney Corner,-^, \^\.

140 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

GARTH (N. Lane), sb. a small field or enclosure adjoining a
house, church, or other building; usually an affix, as school-
garth, church-garth, chapel-garth. W. gardd^ an enclosure.

Tennyson. Past into the little garth beyond, — Enoch Arden,

1864.

Waugh. When ye get to Seathwaite, ye must gan by all means

* '^74- into t* chapel-garth ; an' there ye'll find his gravestone.

Jannock, c. viii., p. 78.

GARTH, sb, a hoop ; a child's bowling hoop.

Waugh. Aw seed nobory abeawt, nobbut a bit of a lad mar-

^^^^' lockin* wi' a garth, — Ben an' th^ Bantam, c. iv., p. 81.

GARTHIN', V, repairing a tub by re-hooping it.

Waugh. 1*11 have a penk at her piggin', if I have to pay for th'

1879* garthin^ on *t. Chimney Comer, p. 154.

GATE, sb, a road, a way ; also, a manner or fashion ; speed, rate
of movement. Icel. gata, A.S. geat^ a way.

Waugh. One never knows a mon by nobbut meetin' him i*

'^5- smooth wa3rter a time or two. Yo mun see *em tried o'

gates [ = all ways] afore yo known 'em !

Besom Ben^ c. vii., p. 84.

Ibid. Then Mally trode upo' th* cat, an' away it shot on to

1868. ^ ^Qp Q» ^ drawers, eawt o' th' gate o' th' row.

Sneck'Bant, c. ii., p. 36.

Ibid. Well, thae'U be sure to co' when tho comes this gate

on again, an' let's have another look at tho I

Ibid,y c. ii., p. 49.

GATE, V. to begin ; to put a loom in order for working.

Waugh. Afore tho gates a-talkin', goo an' don these dry things.

^^^S- Sneck'Bant, c. i., p. 9.

Coll. Use. Aw con gate a loom wi' ony chap i' Owdham (Oldham).

1880.

GATHERING sb. a suppuration.

Coll. Use. "Oh my I this gatherin' does lutch ! " ** Well, lass,

^^^' we mun poultice it, an' then it '11 soon come to a head."

GAUD-GATHER (Ormskirk), sb. a tax-collector.
GAUK-HANDED (N. Lane), adj, left-handed.

GAUP, V. to stare.

Gaskell. In Lancashire, to stare is iogaup. When, for instance, .

'^54- one person runs against another while looking a different ^

way, it is not unusual to hear, '* Na, stupid, what art ta
gaupir^ at?" LecU Lane. Dialect, p. 27.

GAURDIN (Cartmel), sb. wood for hedging.
GAWBY, sb. a lout, a silly fellow, a clown.
GAWM, V. to understand, to comprehend.

Collier. Hoave a duzz'n on um would geaw t' see if they

'^^*'* coud'n mey shift i* gawm it, boh it capt um aw.

Works : Intro,, p. 37.

\

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. I4I

Gaskell. There is one word that is not found in the Anglo-

^^54- Saxon language ; nor, as far as I know, in any of the

kindred tongues, except that which is the oldest and
most venerable of them all. And, if so, this is one of
great interest. It is the word gaum, to understand. As,
for instance, a Lancashire man says, **I conno gaum
what tha means ;" and from it is formed the adjective
gaumless. In the version of the Gospels by Ulphilas,
"they saw" or **they perceived" is, in one instance,
Mark xvi. 4, **^a»»iidedun." It seems to me there
can be little doubt that we have in this the original of the
Lancashire word. It is the past tense, and the root
would evidently be gaum, — Lect» Lane, Dialect, p. 14.

GAWMBLIN, y^. a silly fellow ; a half fool.

Bamford. " As for that gawmblin o* mine," she continued, ** he

1840. jjjg^ jjj^» ijg^jj ijjg coo-dove lung sin, iv he*d nobbut ha'

foUod th* advice o' Limpin Billy at Ratliffe."

Life of Radical, c. xx., p. 134.

GAWMIN', V, understanding; also considering, cogitating; at a
loss, but trying to understand.

GAWMLESS, adj, dull or slow of comprehension ; vacant-minded ;
foolish, silly, senseless ; insensible ; idiotic.

Collier. I steart like o wilcat, on wur welly gawmless.

'750. Works : p. 55.

Waugh. **Theer," said Joe, stopping to take breath, **aw

*^5« think they'n yer that, if they aren't both deof an' gcnvm-

less,^^ Sexton's Story, p. 20.

B. Bribrlsv. Aw'm nobbut a poot yet, an' happen a bit gawmless,

*8^^' Irkdale, c. ii., p. 102.

Coll. Use. i. He up wi' his foot an' knockt him ga2vmless,

^^^' 2. He wur olez a gawmless foo'.

GAWMLIN, adj, silly, senseless, stupid.

Collier. Boh mind neaw, theaw gamdlin* tyke.

*75o- Works : Intro., p. 37.

Ifi^D* This wur mad gawmlin* wark. Works, p. 53.

GAWSTER,) , , ^ ,
GOSTER I ^' ^^ boast, to swagger.

Waugh. An' that set him agate o' bletherin' ^xC gosterin^ up an'

^^75. down like mad. Old Cronies, c. viii., p. 98.

^sfl^' ^® began o' gosterin* an' talkin' about th' horses —

^^^' he'd ha' this done, an' he'd ha' that done, or else he'd play

th' upstroke wi' somebry. Chimney Corner, p. 89.

GAWSTERIN', sh. boasting.
GAY (N. Lane), adj, considerable.

.«• ^'S' ^''*soN. Jack Slipe foUow't by his-sel' a gay bit behint 'em.

(HiRh Furness Dialect.) Folk-Speech of Cumberland, ^c, , v« ^«

142 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

GAYLY (N. Lane), adv. very moderately.

Dr. Barber. T* rooad now wo8 o* down bank, sooa I manisht gayly

'^70. weel. Fomess Folk.

GAYLY (Fylde), adv, heartily.

GEAL (N. Lane), v. to smart or itch with cold.

J. P- Morris. Mi fingers iecagetU wi' cald. Fumess Glossary^ p. 39.

GEAWL, sb, a rheumy discharge from the eyes.
GEAWLT, part, festered with a rheumy discharge.

Waugh. It're very frosty, an' his een looked white an* wild ;

X865. ^jj> j^g ggawVt as a whelp.

Lane. Sketches: Rochdale to Blaeksione Edge, p. 130.

GEBBY (N. Lane), sb. a hooked stick.
GEET, v.p. t. got j plural, geet'n or gett'n.

Waugh. When it geet past midneet, I couldn't prop my een

^^79- oppen no lunger. Chimney Comer, p. 245.

Ibid. We*n o*ertay yo afore yo getten to th* Owler Nook.

Chimney Corner^ p. 3,

Coll. Use. i. What has to geet i' thi hond ?

1881. 2, What han ihsy geefn i' that cart?

GERSE, sb. grass.

John ScHOLEs. "David," hoo sed to one o* tV lads, "thee moind

'^.57' o* th* stirk breakin' thru yon gap intuth' hsy-gerse. "

Jaunt to see th"* Queen, p. 19.

Dr. Barber. Ther* wos jenny-spinners, ^w^-hoppers, an* midges,

1870. an' bees bumman about i* thowsands.

Fomess Folk, p. 7.

GERSINS', sb. moorland pastures.
GETS, sb. wages.

Coll. Use. Tha'U noan marry him, wench, surely. Why his gets

^^^'* wouldn't keep hissel, mon, let alone booeth on you.

GEX, V. to guess.

Collier. ^ Rex I'm him ot to meeons. Works, p. 57.

1750. * '^ ^'

Ibid. I heard um say vXgexin^s o kint lying. — Works, p. 73.

GIB (Fylde), sb. a hooked stick.

GIFT, sb. a small white spot on the finger nail, said to foretell the
coming of. a gift \ sometimes called, also, " a sweetheart."

GILBERT (N. Lane), sb. a snare of horse-hair.

GILLERS, sb. pi. bands of twisted hair.

GILLHOOTER, sb. an owl.

Collier. Thoose ot connaw tell a bitterbump fro a gillhooter.

»7So. Works: Intro., p. 34.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 43

GILLIVER, sb. the gilly-flower.

GIMMEE (N. Lane), sb, a two-year old sheep.

GINGER-TOPPIN', sb. applied to the head of a person whose hau-
ls red.

GINN, I (Fylde), sb. a road or passage down to the sea. A.S. ginn,
GYNN, J an opening, an abyss.

GINNEL, sk a narrow entry ; a covered passage between houses.
See GiNN.

Miss Lahke. Underneath this reawm wor a ginnel coed th' dark

'865. entry ... an' dark it wor, sure enough.

Betty 0' Yep's Tale, p. 2-1.

GIRDLE (N. Lane), ) sb, an iron plate used for baking, and
GRIDDLE (S. E. Lane), J laid upon or suspended over the fire.
Welsh, greidyly a bakestone.

GIRN, vb. to grin.

GIRT (N. Lane), adj. great.

Dr. Barber. T* aad man meadd a girt blast wi' t* horn.

^^70- Forness Folk, p. 6.

GISE {g soft ; N. Lane), v. to put cattle out to grass at a sum agreed
upon per head.

GIST {g soft ; N. Lane), v. to pasture out cattle upon hire.

GISTIN' (N. Lane), sb. the pasturage of catde at a price.

GIVE-0'ER, V. to cease doing a thing ; to discontinue.

Coll. Use. If tha doesn't give-o^er this sort o* wark, tha *U come

^^^'* to a bad end, aw con tell thi.

GIV'EROUS, I adj. greedy; also avaricious. A.S. gifer, greedy,
GIVERSOME, ) voracious, desirous.

Dr. Barber. He*d hed nowt to itt [eat] o' t' day, an' wos varra

1870- gyversom. Forness Folk, p. 13.

GIZ, V. pronun. of "gives."

Coll. Use. He giz nowt for th' money mon. Wi mun tak eawr

^^^^' brass somewheer else.

GLEAD, sb. 2l hawk.

GLENTHUR I ^' ^^ ^^^^ intensely or abstractedly ; to stare.

Waugh. Wheer the heart will be,

^^59- Th' wits are sure to wander ;

What one likes to see
At it they mun glendur.

Lane. Songs : These Maund*rin' Fen.

Ibid. Then he grunted, an' mumble't, an' glendur't around.

**7o- Lane. Songs : The Grindlestone.

144 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

GLENT, sb, a glance, a quick view.

Collier. I gan o glent into th* shipp'n, on seed o mon stonnin'.

'750- Works, p. 56.

Waugh. *« Ay," said Judd, givin' a ^\y glent round th' kitchen ;

'^^' **IVe stopt to lung." Old Cronies , c. iv., p. 44.

GLEY, sb, a squint.

John Scholks. It yoan tay notis yoan see ut aw've o sooart ov o gley

^^57- wi mi een. Jaunt to see th^ Queen, p. 6.

GLIFF (N. Lane), sb, a glimpse, a transient sight.

J. p. Morris. I've niver seen yan, an' if ther wos sic a lot we'd o'

(Fumess Dialect.) j^g^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^g ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ anudder.

Lebby Beck Dobby, p. 7.

GLIME (N. Lane), v, to glance aside, to look askance.
GLISK, V, to glitter, shine, sparkle, glisten.
GLIZZEN, V, to sparkle.

Bampord. It wur as fair a gowden yallo as cvqt glizzent, wi' white

1840. wings o' th' untherside. —Life of Radical, c. xx., p. 133.

GLIZZEN, sb, lightning.

Bamford. Away it went i' th' glizzen an' th' thunner-din, o'er th'

"*°* moor. Life of Radical, CTusi,,^, i-^^.

GLOAR (Fylde), v, to squint.
GI-.OOR, V, to stare fatuously.

Collier. He glooart at it a good while. — Works : Intro, p. 38.

Bamford. He didno come glooring at th' chimney reech an' then

"^4**' maunder back agen. Life of Radical, c. xx., p. 134.

Waugh. Aw're forc't dray back a bit, at th' first, he glooart so

^^^^' flaysome.

Lane, Sketches: Rochdale to Blackstone Edge, p. 130.

GLOPPEN, V, to astonish, to surprise.

Old Ballad. Bounce gus hur hart, an hoo wur so glopen

1548. That out o' th' windo hoo'd like fort' lopen.

Warrikin Fair : Genfs, Mag,, Sept., 1740.

Ramsbottom. Theer aw stoode, an' kept starin' awhoile ;

1864. Aw wur gloppent wi* th' sentence they'd passed.

Lane, Rhymes, p. 21.

B. Brierley. Well, i'sted on him bein' gloppent when he seed me,

^868. an* beggin' me for t' know nowt, he slapt me on th' back,

an' coed me Old Cockylorum. — Irkdale, c. ii., p. loi.

J. P. Morris. What du ye say ? Wos nowte done to stop 'em ?

(Furness Dialect.) Why, yes, t constables tried, but they wer' nea use.
'^' They wer' ioSxXy gbppen'd. Siege 0' ITston, p. 6.

GLOPPERS (N. Lane), sb, pi blinkers for a horse.
GNATTER, v, to gnaw, to bite small with the teeth.

Coll. Use. He's olus gnatterin^ at his finger-nails.

1881. *

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 145

GOAD, sb. a custom, a way of doing a thing.

Coll. Use. Nay, theau '11 not act i* that goad^ will to ?

lOoI.

GOB, sb. a lump of anything, a large piece of meat, a mouthful.

John Scholbs. Summut ut wur loik lumps o' cnid began o' leckin fro

^^57' under hiz hat, un slur'd deawn hiz face e gobs.

Jaunt to see M' Queen, p. 28.

GOBBIN, sb. an ignorant, clownish person.

Collier. Th' gobbin ne*er considert o' hongin* wou'd naw be

1750- cawd good spooart be ony body eh ther senses.

Works, p. 62.

John Scholes. Awm noan o thoose awkurt^(C^^ww ut newurventurn o

^^57- moile off thir own dur-stone. ^-Jaunt to see th^ Queen, p. 6.

GOBSLOTCH, sb, a glutton ; one who takes his meat in large pieces.

Collier. Theaw'rt glenting ot tat flopper-meawth't gob-slotch

1750. Biu o' owd Katt/s. Works, p. 72.

GO-BY-THE-WALL, sb. a creeping, helpless kind of person.

Coll. Use. , Neaw then, owd go-by 'the-wall, shift eawt o' th' road.

GODDIT, sb. Shrovetide.

GODSTONE, sb, a small, round, white stone found by children and
kept in the pocket as something valuable.

GOD'STRUTH, sb. the simple truth ; that which cannot be gainsaid.

Coll. Use. It's GocTstruth, aw tell thi, an' nowt else, whether tha

*^^^* believes it or not.

GOIT or f , ^ ^ .,,

rOYT watercourse to a mill.

GOLCH, V. to swallow ravenously.

GOWDSPINK- [ (^^^' ^^^ ^' L^inc.), sk a goldfinch.

GOLLIN, sb, the marsh marigold. Caltha palustris,
GOLLOP, V, to swallow hastily or greedily.

Coll. Use. Try him, an' then tha'U see. Why, he'll gollop it up

1881. i» no-time.

GOMERAL, sb, a stupid fellow.

J- P' Morris. T* girt gomerals hed tacken some brogs on t' sand for

1867. ^ French masts. Siege 0' Brou'ton, p. 7.

Dr. Barber. He wos nea gomnural, thattan — Forness Folk, p. 2?.

1S70. » r J

GONNER, I ^ ^

GONTHUR, J ^^' ^ ganaer.

Bamford. 'Tis Feargus O'Connor

^^^** r search of a ^^»«^n Homely Rhymes, ^, i^j .

Miss Lahbb. «« What has tha done wi' th' gonners .?" ** Conner s,

'8^5. says ta ; aw tell thee they're geese."

Carter's Struggles^ p. 68.

146 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Waugh. It makes me maunder up an' deawn, like a gonner wi

'^^7. a nail in its yed.

Home Life of Factory Folk^ c xri., p. 142.

B. Bribrley. An' made her squeeal as leawd as a twichelt gonner

^^^* wi' th' squeeze he gan her. Irkdale^ c. xii., p. 193.

GONNER-HEAD, sh, a stupid person, a gander-head.

GOOD-FOR-NOWT, sb. a useless or disreputable person. The
Lancashire equivalent for Ne'er-do-weel,

GOOD-WAY, sb, a long distance.

Coll. Use. He went wi' me a gpod-Vfay^ an' carried mi things

1881. £Qf mg^

GOODE (N. Lane), sb, the ox-eye daisy. Chrysanthemum leu-
canthemum,

GOOER, ) sb. a triangular piece of cloth stitched into a shirt or other
GORE, I garment when greater width is required at one end
than at the other.

GOOR (W. Lane), sb, a seagull.

GOOSEGOB, sb. a, gooseberry.

GOOSEFLESH, sb. a term used to describe the skin when roughened
by a shock of cold or by fear.

Waugh. But let's not talk about it. It makes me o' goose-flesh.

'^79* . Chimney Comer, p. 204.

GORRISH, \ adj. thick and luxuriant, sometimes coarse and
GORRY, ) luxuriant, applied to grass.

GOSTERIN', adj. boastful. See Gawsterin'.

Collier. I con fettle tits os weel os onny one on um aw, tho*

^750- theaw mey think \\& gawstring. Works, P» 7i-

Waugh. Doesn'to yer what he says, thae gosierin^ foo ?

"^^' Sneek-Bant, c. ii., p. 39.

GO-TO, sb. beginning of an action ; a bout or an attack.

Coll. Use. Feight I He can feight noan, mon ; he wur done up at

1880. ti^, g^gj ^^.^^^

GOUL, sb. a. yellow secretion in the eyes of children. See Geawl.

GO-UNDER, V. to undergo ; to suffer, as in the case of a surgical
operation.

Coll. Use. Si tha, aw would no' go-under it again, not for fifty

^^'- pound.

GOWK (W. Lane), sb. the cuckoo.
GOWK,

GOWK, 1 , r T I, r 11

GAWK 1 ^ foolish fellow.
GOWL (W. Lane), v, to howl, to yell.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 147

GRADELY, adv, properly, completely, truly, handsomely. Cf. Icel.
grei^r^ ready ; grei^-liga^ readily, promptly.

Old Ballad. To Rondle's hoo hied, an* hoo hov* up the latch,

1548. Afore th* mon had tied th* mare gradely to th' cratch.

Ballads and Songs of Lane, i p. 53.

Bamford. a clothes washing, in those days [Tim Bobbin's time],

"^so- was never consider^ to be **greadly dun" unless all the

woollen things had been thoroughly scoured by the great

purifier, and afterwards washed and wrung out of clean

not water. Intro, to Tim Bobbin^ p. viii.

Waugh. For when hoo's gradely donned, hoo'U look

*^^s« As grand as th' queen o* Shayba.

Lane, Songs : Turn Rindle,

GRADELY, adj, decent, becoming, proper, good, right

Collier. Yed's OS greadly o lad as needs t' knep o'th' hem of a

'750- keke [cake]. Works, p. 67.

Bamford. "Why bless yur life, Mesthur Nadin," said George,

1840. « yQj.g ^ graidUy felley for owt *at I kno' to th' contrary ;

an' I never sed nowt ogen yo' i* my l3nre."

Life of Rcuiicaly c. xiii., p. S4.

Waugh. He's had thoose hens mony a year; an* they rooten

"^7- abeawt th' heawse just th' same 2& greadly Christians.

Home Life of Fcutory Folk, c. xi., p. 105.

Ibid. Aw go a fishin' a bit neaw an' then; an' aw cotter

'^7- abeawt wi' first one thing an' then another ; but it comes

to no sense. Its noan lUce gradely wark.

Ib,y cxvi., p. 142.

GRAIN, sb. the prong of a fork.

Coll. Use. What's th' owd mon doin' i'th* garden? Oh he's

^^^'* diggin' up roots wi' an owd itaee-grained fork.

GRAN, V, grinned.

Collier. So I gran, on I thrutcht, till meh arms wartcht ogen.

'7SO- ^ fVorks, p. 44.

GRANCH, V, to grind up with the teeth ; to eat voraciously.

GRASSED, parf, discharged from work for a time; usually for
misbehaviour.

Coll. Use. What's up wi* yor Jim? Why, he wur drinkin'; an'

^^^'' th' mestur grassed him for a fortnit.

GRATTER'D,/«r/. adj, grated.

Bamford. A jug of warm ale with some grattered ginger in was

'^^ placed on the table. Life of Radieal, c. ix., p. 58.

GREAVE OR GREAVE-BY, phr, right, or very nearly so. A
common saying in the Rochdale district, meaning that anything
which may be the subject of dispute is either what it is said to
be, or so near as to make no difference.

Collier. Beleemy mon, I think theaw'rt oather greave or

1750. greave-by. Works, p. 65.

Ibid. Sed I, is yoar neme Mr. Scar ? Sed he, theaw'r oather

greeof or greeofby Works, p. 57.

148 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

GREAVIN' (N. Lane), v, delving.

J* P- Morris. Jinny Dodgon ran into t* garden, whar her aid man

^ °7* was greavin\ Siege d* Brou'ton, p. 5.

Dr. Barber. Thor ofif-come chaps seaun began prowlin' about,

1870- grubbin* 2i.Vi greawitC an' pickin*. — Fomess Folk, p. 20.

GREAWPIN', sd. the joining in the binding of a tub.

GREAWT, sb, the cheap thin ale drawn off after the first brewing.

GREAWT-NEET, sb. a feast of cheap ale. Also called a
** Brewin'-main."

B* Brierley. They con make tables an* cheears doance abeawt like

'^^* Little Gorton at a greawt-neet stir.

Irkdale, c. vi., p. 140.

GREENEY (N. Lane), sb. the green grosbeak, or green linnet.

GREEN-SAUCE, sb. a kind of sorrel with an acid flavour (Rumex
acetosa).

Waugh. Gathering on their way edible herbs, such as * * payshun

^^55- docks, " and * * green- sauce. "

Lane. Sketches : Cottage of Tim Bobbin, p. 50.

GREESE, sb. stairs, steps ; also a little brow, an ascent. Latimer
has " greesings,** meaning steps.

GREET, V, to weep ; past tense, grat, A.S. gr^tan, to cry.

Gaskell. In Lancashire we sometimes hear it said, when a child

^^54* is crying, ** Give o'er greetin^ /* and when a person has

wept much for another, it is said, * * Hoo grat sadly. "

Lect. Lane. Dialect, p. 29.

GREVE, ) sb. a division of a district, as the greves or gryevs in the
GRYEV, J ancient forest of Rossendale.

CRUANt' 1 ^^' pronunciation of greyhound.

Collier. Why, yoad'n be os gaunt os o grewnt, on welly

^750- femmisht. Works^ p. 59.

GRIDDLE, sb. See Girdle.

GRIG, sb. a cricket ; a lively or restless child.

Coll. Use. That's a bonny little grig yo*n getten. What's its

^^^^' name ?

GRINDLE, ) , . , ,

GRINDLESTONE, [ '^' ^ grindstone.

Waugh. Body's axe wanted grindin', one wark-a-day mom,

1870. When there nobry about to gi' th* grindle a turn.

Lane. Songs: The Grindlestonf.

GRIP-YARD, ) sb. a platting of stakes and twisted boughs filled
GRIP-YORT, ) up with earth; generally made to confine a

water-course, and occasionally to form artificial banks and seats

in pleasure gardens.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 49

GRON (a5 a prefix), adj, grand, dj& gron-chylty a grandchild ; gron-dad
and gron-feyther^ grandfather; gron-mam and gronny^ grand-
mother.

GROON, V. grow.

Waugh. Little lads o* groon into fellys ; don't they, mam ?*'

^^^- Sneck-Bant, c. iii., p. 53.

GROOP, sh. a channel in a shippon behind the cows.
GROO-WEATHER, sb, growing-weather.

Waugh. Wi'n had grand groo-weather as week or two. But a

'^55- sawp o' deawn-fo' *ud do a sect o' good.

Lane, Sketches: Grtsle hurst Boggart , p. 203.

GROYN, sb, 2l swine's snout.
GRUG (Fylde), sb, a dandy hen.
GRUMBLE-BELLY, sb, a discontented person.

Coll. Use. Neaw then, owd grumble-belly, tha'rt at it again —

^*^^* nowt reet, and never satisfied.

GRUMMEL, sb, pL small coal, riddlings.

GRUN-GRON, adj, grown on the ground; a native of a given
locality ; homespun.

Coll. Use. He*s one o* th* owd sort, grun-gron — none o' yer new-

*88i. catcht uns.

GUIDER, sb, 2L tendon.

GULLION, sb, a soft, worthless runagate.

GULLOOK, infj, begone ; go and look ; see for yourself.

GUMPTION, sb. ability combined with good sense. The Lanca-
shire equivalent for not^,

B. Brierley. Aw*ve bin surprist, Dick, ut theau's had no mooar

x868. gumption abeawt thee nor what theau's shown yet.

Irkdahy c. ii., p. loo.

GURD, sb, a fit, as ** A gurd o' laughin' " = a fit of laughter.

Collier. Th* fly'rin karron seet up o* gurd o* leawghin'.

'750. Works, p. 42.

GUTTER, V, to make a channel; applied to a candle when the
tallow runs down wastefully.

Coll. Use. SnufF that candle, mon. Doesn't tha see how it's

1881. gutterirC ?

GYRR, V, to purge. A gyrrd cauve is a calf purged by having had
too rich milk.

150 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

H.

HACK (N. Lane), sb. a pickaxe, a stone-pick or mattock, used by
excavators.

HACK, V. to shake or knock together.

Collier. Meh teeth hackt eh meh heeod ogen. — Works, p. 50.

1750.

HACKSLAVER, sb, an objectionable blockhead ; a disgusting and
silly fellow.

HADLOONT (E. Lane), sb. pronunciation of Adlant ; the headland
of a ploughed field.

HADLOONT-REEAN, sb, the gutter, ditch, or space between the
head lands and others.

Collier. A tealier i' Crummil*s [Cromwell*s] time wur thrung

^750- pooin* turmits in his pingot, an* fund an urchon i' tlr

hadtoont-reean. Works, p. 37,

HAFFLE, V. to hesitate, to prevaricate.

Coll. Use. Come, eawt with it mon. We*ll ha* noan o' thi hafflitC

^^^^* wark here.

HAG (N. Lane), sb, an enclosure, a wood. A.S. haga, what is
hedged in, a garden, a field ; Icel. hagi^ a hedged field.

HAG (N. Lane), sb, a lot or set portion of work, as distinguished
from day work.

R. B. Peacock. I wark be t' hag, an' not be t' day.

'^^^' Lonsdale Glossary, p. 39.

HAGGUS, } "^- ^^^ ^^^^y-

HAG-A-KNOWE, sb. an ungainly blockhead.

Waugh. Sit to deawn, thae gawmbless hag-a-knowe, or awll

1866. j^Qjjj ^jjj y^j.g £qj. ^^ — ^^^ ^^» ^^> Bantam, c. v. , p. 98.

HAGBERRY (N. Lane), sb, the bird-cherry ( Prumus padus ) .

HAGGUS, 1 , ,^ A ex. X.

HEYGUS I pottage made of herbs.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. I51

HAGUE, ) sb. the hawthorn, but especially the hawthorn berry.
HAIG, ) Fruit of Cratcegus Oxyacantha, A.S. haga, a hedge,

also haw or hedge thorn ; hagan^ haws, fruit of the haw, hedge,

or white thorn.

B. Brierley. «< Wilt ha* this bit o' ^a,^w-blossom ? Aw geet it eawt

'^^ o* th' hedge wheer aw seed thee la)rin* th* clooas eawt,"

and Joe produced a bunch of hawthorn blossom of a
delightful fragrance, and offered it to Mally.

IrkdaUy c. iv., p. I16.

HAGWORM (N. Lane), sb, the common snake ; lit. hedgeworm.
HEALO 1^^' ^^^' bashful. See Ayla, Aylo, ante^ p. ao.

HALCH, sb, 2L noose. O.E. AalcA, a loop; hakhed^ looped,
fastened.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) And 3et hem halche-i al hole }>e halves to-geder.

'3*®* Sir Gawayne, 1. 16 13.

Ibid. A lace lapped aboute, ]>at louked at J^e hede,

And so after )>e halme hatched ful ofte.

Sir Gawayney 1. 217.

HALFEl^DOLE I ^^' ^ ""^^^^y ^^ ^*^^* ^^^ ^^^o Haughendo.

Spbnser. Now the humid night was farforth spent,

'5 And hevenly lampes were halfen-deale ybrent.

Faerie Queene, Bk. IIL, canto ix., 1. 3.

X5B6. The name of Thomas Smith, vicar of Kirkham, occurs

in a lease dated 15th September, 1526, by which he
''graunted, demised, sett, and to farme lettyn'* to Sir
Richard Hoghton, Knt., "the moyte or hallfendell and
of all profetts, &c., of a certain tacke or bargain belong-
ing to the chappell of Gosenarghe."

Fishwick^s Hist, Kirkham, p. 72.

HALIDAY, sb. holiday. A.S. h6dig, holy.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane) Er ^ halidaye^ holly were halet out of toun.

"3*®* Sir Gawayne, 1. 1049.

Ibid. I herde on a halyday at a hi3e masse.

'3^ E, Eng, Allit, Poems, C, 1. 9.

Coll. Use. He'll wark none. It's haliday o' th* year reawnd wi' him.

x88x. ' ^

HALIDAY-JACK, sb. a man fond of holidays and of display in
clothes.

Coll. Use. Look at him neaw. He's a bonny haliday-jack — is n't

*^^'' he ? — wi' his mester's foine shirt on.

152 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

HALLIBLASH, sb, a great blaze ; something which dazzles.

Collier. I»st ha set th' how leath on a halliblash.

"750- Works, p. 46.

B. Bribrlbv. Aw'd ha* sich a blaze as ther hasno bin sin' owd George

'^^8* o' Jammie's bam wur ov a foyer, for aw'd mak a* hally-

blash ov every factory i' Englandshire.

Irkdale, c. i., p. 7.

HAMMIL, sb, a hamlet. A.S. ham, a home, dwelling, village.

John Scholbs. Nanny Clegg's peggy-tub, ut goas o reawnd th' hammil,

^^7- Jaunt to see th' Queen, p. 6.

Waugh. Aw know o' that country-side, deawn as far as Rip-

^^^ ponden, — hill an* dale, wood an' wajrter-stid, hamil an'

road-side heawse. Yeth-Bobs, c. i., p. 30.

HAMMIL-SCOANCE, sb. the lantern or light of the village ; the
village Solomon.

Collier. They look'nt on him as th' hammU-scoance, an* thowtn

^750' he'r fuller o' leet than a glow-worm. Works, p. 37*

Waugh. Randle Holt, or "Rondle o' Raunger's," a school-

1875. master, who was looked up to by his neighbours as a

kind of " hamel-scoance,'' or Ian thorn of the village.

Old Cronies, c. iii., p. 27.

HAMSHACKLE, v. to fasten the head of a vicious animal to one
of its forelegs.

HAMSTERS, sb, pi, a kind of knee-breeches ; literally, a covering
for the hams,

Bampord. His hamsters were similar in material and condition to

1840. jjig j.Q^^ 2:?^ of Radical, Vol. I., p. 50.

Ib^^' His hamsters of dark kerse3anere, grey at the knees.

Ibid,, p. 51.
E. Ridings. Wi* stockins deawn, unteed his shoon,

^^^5« His hamsters loosely hung.

Lancashire Muse, p. 6.

HAN, v,pi, have.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) ])enne he . . criande loude,

X3aa «. je han demed to do J>e dede ])at I bidde."

Sir Gawayru, 1. I088.
Spenser. jt ^^s upon a holiday

'579" When snepheardes groomes han leave to playe.

Shepheardes Calender: March.

Waugh. What han jro to do wi' me ? Aw want my jackass.

^^^5- Besom Ben, c. viii., p. 95.

MissLahee. "Win gettin' o soarts for yo to-neet, hannolt we

'875. Hannah?'^ ''^^han,\zA:'— The Chanty Coat,^,\%,

HANCH, V, to snap, to bite at.

Bamford. Th' dog hancht at Vxm.'—Diakct of S, Lane,, p. 185.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 53

HANCH-APPLE, sb^ the game of snap-apple, which consists in
biting at an apple floating in water or suspended by a cord. It
is usually played at Halloween.

HANDY-DANDY, sb, a game played by children. Common in
Lancashire. Frequently given as ^^ handy-pandyy Something
being hidden in one hand, both are presented by the player to
his opponent with the words, " Handy-dandy y sugar candy, which
hand is it in ?"

Shakspkrb. Hark, in thine ear : change places ; and, handy-dandy^

which is the justice, which is the thief?

Lear^ act iv., sc. vi., 1. 157.

HANGMENT, sh, mischief. Frequently used as an expletive.

Waugh. "Where's that jackass?" cried he, almost out of

=^^5. breath. ** It's i' th^^nook, here," said Twitchel. " What

the hangment has to sent it up to us for?"

Besom Ben, c. iii., p. 33.

HANKLE, V, to twist, to entangle.

HANSEL, sb, a gift given to the first purchaser; also v, to have
the first use of anything. Icel. handsal ; hanselling^ the trans-
ference of a right or bargain by joining hands. Dan. and Scot.
handsel

Spenser. That who so hardie hand on her doth lay,

^586* It dearely shall aby, and death for handsell pay.

Faerie Queene, Book VI., c. xi., stanza 15.

HAP, V. to cover up, to smooth down.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) Je schal not rise of your bedde, I rych yow better,

"S*®* I schal happe yow here. Sir Gawayne, 1. 1223.

Ibid. For hit wat3 brod at ]>e bo)>em, bo3ted on lofte,

X360. Happed \x^on ay])er half a hous as hit were.

E» Eng. Allit Poems, C, 1. 49.

X440* Happyn or whappyrC yn clopys. Involvo.

Prompt. Parv,

1450- Lord, what [to] these weders ar cold, and I am ylle

(Yorkshire.) happyd. Towneley Mysterus, p. 98.

Waugh. Then hoo geet him to bed, an* hoo happed him up weel,

"^59* Lane, Songs : Owd Enoch,

Ibid. He happed the clothes about his sleeping wife.

'^^* Ben an' th* Bantam, c. i., p. 9.

HAPPEN, adv. probably, perhaps, possibly.

Waugh. Aw's happen be lectin* on tho up Whit'oth Road on

^^^^' afore th* next fay-berry time.

Ben an' th' Bantam, c. v., p. 98.

B. Brierlby. Theaw*ll happen be i* time for th' leeavins, if theaw*ll

'^^^' be sharp ! Irkdale, c. i., p. 46.

154 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

HAR, adj, com, and adv. higher.

HARDSET, adv. in difficulties, closely pressed.

Coll. Use. He's hard-set^ aw con tell thi — eawt o' wark an* his

^^^^* woife deawn wi' twins.

HARD-YEDS, sh. scabious; also called deviFs-bit (Scabiosa Succisa),

HARE-GATE, sb, an opening in a hedge, sufficient for the passage
of hares.

Waugh. The hedge on each side was full of holes and ^^hare-

^879' gatesy'^ and tunnels, and rans, where the mole, the

weazel, and the urcheon wandered at will.

Chimney Comer, p. 5.

Proverbial Saying. "He knows both th* hare an* th' hare-gate,'*^ i.e. he

^^^ knows both the hare, and the way the hare runs — a pro-

verbial saying commonly applied to a person who is
supposed to be thoroughly acquainted with any particular
matter.

HARRISHT, V. harassed, vexed, tonnented.

Waugh. They dunnot know *at they're wick, Matty,— they

'^7^' dunnot for sure. They mun be harrisht an* parisbt,

. . . an* then they'n lam summat 'at '11 last their
time. Chimney Comer, p. 141,

HARSTONE-TALK, sb, boastful talk; promises made at night,
and not intended to be kept in the morning.

Coll. Use. Dunnot moind *em, mon. It*s o* har stone-talk.

'S^'- They*U do nowt i* th' mom.

HATCH-HORN, sb. an acorn. See Akran, ante^ p. 7. Icel.
akam ; A.S. acorn,

Waugh. Come, aw think o's reet an' square. Reet as a hatch-

^ °5- horn. Besom Ben, c, i., p. 14.

HATELY, adv, hateful, bad tempered. A.S. hetel, heiol, fierce.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) So fro heuen to helle ])at hotel schor laste.

"3°*^ £, Eng, Allit, Poems, B, 1. 227.

Bamford. Dunno be so hately. Gloss, to Tim Bobbin,

1850. -^

HATTOCK, sb. 2l com sheaf.

HAUGHENDO, ) sb, a half part or half measure. The Rev.
HAUGHENDOLE, J W. Thomber, in his Iftstory of Blackpool,
p. 108, gives ^*' Haughendo, seven quarts." See Halfendeal.

Pott. lohn Device . . . did covenant with the said

'^^3- Anne [Chattox] that if she would hurt neither of them,

she should yearely have one aghen-dole of meale.

Discoverie of Witches, p, 23.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

155

Jambs Crosslev. One Aghen-dole of Meale, — This aghen-dole, a word

*^5' stiU, I believe, in use for a particular measure of any

article, was, I presume, a kind of witches' black-mail.
My friend, the Rev. Canon Parkinson, informs me that
aghen-dole, sometimes pronounced acken-dole^ signifies a
I]^-measure of anything, from half>hand-dole. Mr. Halli-
well has omitted it in his Glossary, now in progress.

Since writing the Note, p. 23, I am indebted to Miss
Clegg, of HalUbot, near Clitheroe, for information as to
the exact quantity contained in an aghendole^ which is
eight pounds. This measure, she informs me, is still in
use in Little Harwood, in the district of Pendle. The
Archdeacon of Manchester [J. Rushton, D.D.] considers
that an aghendoU^ or more properly, as generally pro-
nounced, a nackendole^ is a kneading-dole, the quantity
of meal, &c., usually taken for kneading at one time.
There can be no doubt that this is the correct derivation.
Notes to Cheiham Society* s reprint of Potts* s
Discoverie of Witches,

HAUT, sh. a finger-cover used to protect a cut or wound.
HAVER, sh. oats.

HAVFR PAICE | '^^* ^ *^^^ ^^^^ made of oatmeaL

Langland.
1377'

A few cruddes and*creem, and an haver cake.

P. Plowman, B, vi., 284.

Joseph Fielding.
1852.1

Waugh.

1865.

Ibid.
X879.

Formerly the bread chiefly eaten by the labouring
classes in this parish (Rochdale) was oat-cake ; and the
same kind of food was in pretty general use in the manu-
facturing parts of Yorkshire. In the districts where
this peculiarity prevailed the people were proud of the
distinction ; and a regiment of soldiers, raised in the east
of Lancashire, and the west of Yorkshire, at the beginning
of the French war, took the name of the ** Haver-cake
Lads ;'' assuming as their badge an oat-cake which was
placed, for the purpose of attraction, at the point of the
recruiting sergeant's sword. Oat bread is still eaten
here, but its use is by no means general as it was in the
latter, and the beginning of the present century.

Rural Gleanings in South Lancashire,

Oatmeal porridge, and oatcake, enter largely into the
diet of the country people in this part of Lancashire.
They used to pride themselves on the name of the
Havercake Lads. A regiment raised in Lancashire
during the war bore this name. This oatcake is baked
upon a peculiar kind of stone slab, called a back-stone ;
and the cry of *^ Haver-cake back-stones" is a familiar
sound in Rochdale, and the villages around it, at this day.
Lane » Sketches: Rochdale to Blackstone Edge, p. 128.

"Here; what's this? Bring me some loaf! I want
noan o' thi baked moonshine ! Ay, my lad, thinks I,
thou'll be fain of a bit o' haver-brade yet afore thou dees !

Chimney Corner^ ij 28^*

156 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

HAW (Ormskirk), adj. on one side of the perpendicular. " All of
a haw^^ - all on one side.

HAWBUCK (N. Lane), sb. a country clown.

HAWMBARKl, sh. a horse-collar. See Hawms.

Collier. It slipt o'er his sow, an leet like a hawmbark on his

^750. shilders. Works, p. 52.

HAWMPLE, V. to walk awkwardly, to limp.

B. Brierlby. ** Thank yer, guv*nor," he said, as he haumpled eviVfi,

^^70. Ab'O'-th'- Yate in London, p. 21.

Waugh. He hawmpUs in his walk, like a lame duck.

^^76. Hermit CobbUr, p. 6.

Ibid. He wur nobbut a hawmplin^ mak of a walker at th*

^^79' best. Chimney Corner, p. 116.

Ibid* Thou'U keep hawmplin^ and slutterin' through it

^^79* onyhow. Ibid,, p. 209.

HAWMS (Ormskirk), sh, pL the hames ; the part of the collar by
which horses draw. Pronun. of ** hame.*' " Hame and chain
maker" common in Manchester.

HAY, V. to lay bare ; to remove the top earth off gravel. A farmer
at Flixton had fetched some gravel and complained of his pay,
sapng, " I had to hay it as well."

HAYBANT, sh, a twisted band of hay.

Waugh. Here, lass, tee this on for mo. It looks like a haybant,

^^^7- when aw tee it for mysel'. — Owd Blanket, c. i., p. 22.

HAY-MOO, sh, a stack of hay. Moo is the pronunciation of moWy
which means the pile or stack of hay which has been mowed.
A mow is also the loft or chamber in which hay or corn is laid
up. The ** Barley Mow" is an alehouse sign in Manchester.

Waugh. He's sprain't his anclif a bit, wi' jumpin* off th' hay-

^^^^' moo yesterday, Ben an^ th^ Bantam, c. ii., p. 39.

HEAD-AN'-HEELS, adv, altogether, completely without reserve.
The Scottish equivalent is "heels-o'er gowdie." See Burns'
Poem on Life: **Soon heels-o'er-gowdie ! in he gangs."

Coll. Use. i. His foot slipped, an' in he went, head-an-heels,

lOOla

2. He's th* reet sort of a chap ; when he starts he gwos
in for it, head-an-heels,

HEADBOLT (Ormskirk), sh, a road over a bog or morass, stopped
at one end.

HEARTY-ETTEN, adj. hearty, having a good appetite.

Waugh. The poor woman said that her children were all

1867. «« hearty-etten, " especially the lads.

Home Life of Factory Folk, c. xix., p. 166.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 157

HEAWSE-MONEY, sb. a wife's allowance for house expenditure.

Coll. Usb. <• Does he turn up his wages ?" ** Nawe, he gies me

'^'* what he loikes for th' heawse-maney, an* keeps th' rest

for hissel."

HEAWSE-PLACE, sb. the living-room in a cottage.

Coll. Use. Come, my wench, let*s have \i}aS.%hecewse'place cleaned up.

ZooX.

HEAWSE-PROUD, adj. admiringly fond of home.

Waugh. We had some talk with that class of operatives who

^^' are both clean, provident, and heawse-primd, as Lanca-

shire folk call it.

Home Life of Factory Folk, c. vi., p. 56.

HECK (N. Lane.) sb, a half-door or hatch ; a gate.

X735' Heckf a door, a rack for cattle. North Country.

Baileys Diet, t vol. i., ed. 1735.

HEDGE-BACKIN', sb, the bank under or behind the hedge.

B. Bribrley. We'st ha' nowt to do then i*th' summer nobbut lie in

^^70* hedge-backinsy hearkenin' brids sing.

Ab-o^'th^- Vote on Times and Things, p. 94.

HELVE, sb. the haft of a spade. AS. helf.

2350* He hedde an hache uppon hei5 wi]> a gret halve,

Joseph of Arimathie, 1. 503.

HEM, pr, them. A.S. hem^ heom, dat. pi. of hi^ they.

Langland. I batered hem on ])e bakke and bolded here hertis,

^377* And dede hem hoppe for hope.

Fiers Flowman, B-text, iii. 1. 198.

^"^ 8^*^* "^^^ y^^ ^® ^yQ nought sayd hem, leeve brother,

^^ In o bok, he hath seyd hem in another.

Man of Lawes Prologue y 1. 5i»
Spenser. Wolves, ful of fraude and guile

^^^ That often devoured their owne sheepe.

And often the shepheards that did hem keepe.

Shepheardes Calender, May, 1. 127.

Rev. W. Gaskell. I believe that " hem," in such phrases as ** 1*11 give it

^^54* hem,*^ is not a contraction of **them," but simply the

A.S. dative plural, which we find retained by our poets
to a comparatively late period.

Juect. Lane, Dialect, p. 23.

HEMPLAND (N. Lane), sb. a small piece of land set apart for
growing flax for family use. Mr. J. P. Morris says the practice
has fallen into disuse, but the patches of land still retain the
name.

HENKY-PENKY, sb. trickery ; shaffling conduct.

Coll. Use. Now mi lad — none o' thi henky-penky here ; stand up^

»88i. fair.

158 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

■ (Ormskirk), sb. an outlet for cattle.

HENRIDGE,
HAINRIDGE,
HAINING-GROUND, J

HEP, sb. the fruit of the briar. Pron. of hipj the fruit of the dog-
rose.

Chaucer. And sweet is the brambel-flour

^380- Thatbereth the rede hepc^Cant, TaUs^ L 13,677.

Waugh. AVll keawer me deawn, an' pike a two-thre o' these

1869. heps. Yeth'Bobs, c. i., p. 12.

HERBY, sb, a shop for the sale of herbs and simples. The word
was used in a paragraph in the Preston Guardian during January,
1877.

HE-WITCH, sb. a wizard

HIDDLE, V. to hide. A.S. hydan^ to hide ; hydels^ a den, a hiding-
place. Mr. Skeat (N. and Q.^ 5th s., voL vi., p. 209) says:
^^ Hydels occurs in the Rushworth MS. of the Northumbrian
Gospels, where the phrase * speluncam latronum (Mark xi. 17) is
glossed by * cofa vel hydels fJeafana/ a cove or a hiding-place of
5iieves. ... As the word became obsolescent, the false
form hidel or hiddel arose, with a false plural hideles or hiddelis.
Of this there is an example in Barbour's Bruce (bk. v., L 306 of
my edition), where Sir James Douglas is said to have lurked
*in hiddilis and in prevatfe,* that is, in hiding-places and in
privacy." See Hidlance.

HIDE, sb. skin or body. Hide is the skin of an animal, but used
for skin of a man and figuratively for body. ** Tan his hide" is
used figuratively for " beat his body."

Waugh. Iv ony mon says wrang to me,

i859' Aw'U tan his hide to-day ! Lane, Songs : Chirrup.

HIDE, V. to beat, to flog.

HIDIN', sb. a flogging, beating, or chastisement

Miss Lahee. Tha desarves a gradely good hidin^y an tha shall hav

'^5S» it too afore this job's getten o'er wi*. — Owd Yenit p. 22.

sb. a place of secrecy or con-
cealment. The word is
always used with thtprep.

HIDLANCE (S. Lane),
HIDLANDS (Preston and Lonsdale),
HIDLINS (Lancaster),

"in," forming an adverbial phrase. See Hiddle.

Coll. Use. He's not bin seen for mony a month. He's in hid-

^^^^- lance somewheer; and has bin, ever sin' he left his

woife.

HIG, sb. passion ; pettish anger.

Collier. Wi' that I leep off th' tit in a great hig, — Works, p. 6 1 .

1750.

Bamford. He's in a great hig. Dialect of S. Lane, p. 187.

J854.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 59

HIGH TIME, sb. time fully arrived.

Bible. And that, knowing the time, that now it is high time

^^'°* to awake out of sleep. Romans xiii. ii.

Coll. Use. Aw*m feart for yon lad : it's high-time he were back.

1881. ^

HILL, \ V, to cover. A.S. helan, to cover, conceal; Icel. hylja,
HULL, ) to hide, cover; O.H.G. huljan ; Gtrm. hiUlen ; Dan.
hylle and hcele.

NoRTHUMB. Psalter. Depnes als schroude his hilingzHX^, — Psalm ciii., 1. 6.
Before 1300.

Spenser. Else would the waters overflow the lands,

1586. And fire devoure the ayre, and hell them quight,

But that she holds them with her blessed hands.

Faerie Queeney iv. x. 35.

Collier. Sitch a floose o hay follud meh, at it drove meh sheer

^750- deawn, an Seroh atop o meh, an quite hilPd us booath.

Worksy p. 68.

Rev. W. Gaskell. A Lancashire man, when he wishes to be covered up,

^^54' as with bed-clothes, says '* hill m^ up." And he caUs

the husk or covering of the pea "a ^eak-hull^'^ and
removing it is ** hullin^" it.

Led, Lane, Dialect, p. 15.

B. Brierlev. Th' owd lad wur hillin^ hissel up nicely.

^^70- Ab'O^'th^- Yate on Times and Things, p. 121.

HINDER-END, sb. the back part of a thing ; the posterior.

Waugh. He let wi* his hinder-end thump o' th' top-bar, an*

1869. ^jjgn j.Qll»t deawn upo' th' har 'stone.

Lane, Sketches, p. 30.

HINDERSOME, adj. obstructive.

HIPPIN' or 1 sb, a napkin, a cloth in which something is

HIPPIN'-CLOUT, J " happed" or folded.

Waugh. Mary, reach me yon hippin^ oflf th' oon-dur.

^867' Home Life of Factory Folk, c. xix., p. 165.

He caps me ! A mon o' three score gettin' wed to a
bit of a snicket that's hardly done wearin hippins I

Hermit Cobbler, p. 44.

HIPPINGS, ) sb,pL Stepping-stones in a brook. Bungerley

HIPPING-STONES, J Hipping-stones, across the Ribble, near
Clitheroe, so called to this day, are mentioned in Warkworth^s
Chronicle^ a.d. 1470, where the word is spelt ^^ hyppyngstones.^^
Hipping IS a form oi hopping: ** ThaXhippe aboute in Engelonde"
{Piers Plowman, B, xv. 557).

1879. Pendle Forest district may almost be said to be shut

up from the people of Burnley, so far as a field-walk is
concerned. For, by far the greatest portion of the year,
there is no passing whatever for foot passengers for
the whole length between Padiham asvd ■5«i^€a<i\XG\!CL

Ibid.
1876.

l6o LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

bridges. There are two sets of stepping-stones— one
known as the '*Pendle Hippings^** the other as the
^*'TyQX^\\ Hippings/* The public have an undoubted
right to travel over both these places ; but, in the case of
Pendle Hippimgs^ there is no passing at all for travdlers
except through the water ; and, in the other case, they
can only be crossed at the diyest seasons of the year.

Bumley GazeUe,

HI&SEL, /r. himsdf:

Wai*ch. He*s as poor as a crow kis^seL

^^^ The Ckiwmiy Corner^ p. 144.

HOASTy sh. a coogh. IceL hoshr^ the throat ; hosti^ a cough.

<44^ Hoose, or cowghe (host or boost). Prmmpt Pant.

Wacgb. Eh, IhavesidiailMuf/ My throttle's as reawsty as

'^'^ a boDe<>boase^iir lo^ Ckimmey C^nur^ p. 169.

HOB£IL» ^ a dunce, an idiot. See M>^ a down, a rustic, a fuiy,
in Skeat's Etym. Diet : ^^IM^ strange as it may appear, was a
popular coiTuption of J^Mm. The name I^Mm is Frendi, and,
like A^>^^, is of O.H.G. origin ; Littn^ consid^s it as a mere
pet corruption from I^i:iherfy a name early known in England, as
bdng that of the eldest son of William L"

Xidt. X'Mxju Ye are soch a caUe, sadi an asse^ sadi a bkxke,

^"^ SikIi a lilbmoe, SM^ a ^a^ib:; sacfa a kboot^e.

^Msier Zkister^ act in., sc 5, L 17.

HOBTHURST, ii^. an ungainly dance. In Tim Boblxn's time, a
wood goblin — Hob o' di' Hmst^ or Hob of die Wood. CL
Sliakspeie, Zt^tr TV. L 62 : ^ Hobludidaiioe,'' a dumb fiend or

goblixk

Co&xnK. Th^ ^Sbfin war awtert wWb tkey poodn \am eawt, an'

^^^ w^iot a hM:iwni be k»kt wT o' tbat beim abeawt him.

»*nb;p. 55.

l^»»n«uv IVgn c<«iA Aff^dbirsl Tim Bolsfani aescnbes it as

^^«^ Ml amoiM '^'InHBdi^ cak woods^ {U. Hob o' th'

Imrsii. btt in daft sene k ss m wyv wBdecatood.

jyuue.'i £f S, fmmr.^ p. 188L

HOG. r. to cover a beiqp with euth or satntw.

I pBft ^g* at pPSMfc, beo^ dfi^ fc^gM^ ' i9» some of

C, ^ a je»-oUi diee|k
HOL£» r*. to hide, or ^ wnder oc^kk.

^^^ I Mb, « a Ki^ <d Rdo;^ Maa;, miKR o^ »

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. l6l

HOLLIN, sb, the holly. A.S. holen, holegn. The spellings holin^
holie both occur in the Ancren Riwle, p. 418. See holly in Skeat's
Etym. Diet.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) Bot in his on honde he hade a holyn bobbe [ue, a
^sao* holly bough]. Sir Gawayne, 1. 206.

Collier. Meh carkuss wnr pratty yeasy, boh meh mind moot

^75o» OS well ha line in o rook o' hollins or gorses.

Works, p. 54.

HOMER (Fylde), v. to incommode.

HOND-RUNNIN' (hand-running), adv, consecutively, quickly.

Coll. Usb. He'd feight the whole lot on *em, hond-running, as

1881. gasy as ninepence.

HOND'S-TURN, sb. a small service.

Waugh. Folk 'at never did a hofuTs-turn for theirsels sin they

1876. ^ym. ^Qj-n ini-Q tjj» world. Chimney Corner, p. 141.

HONISHT (N. Lane), p. adj. wearied, tired out. See three capital
illustrations of this remarkable word in Skeat's Notes to R Plow-
man, pp. 237, 238. The etymology there suggested is wrong ;
it is not allied to hunch, but derived from O.F. honnir, honir, to
disgrace (as in honi soil),

HONTLE, sb. a handful.

E. Ridings. A hontle o' woise saws

^^*5- Or moral rules an' laws. Lancashire Muse, p. 1 1.

HOO, pr. she. A.S. heo. Dr. R. Morris, in his Historical Outlines
of English Accidence^ p. 120, says; ^^ She, in the twelfth century,
in the Northern dialects, replaced the old form heo. The earliest
instance of its use is found in the A. Sax, Chronicle^ it 40
(Stephen) : * Daer efter sccb ferde ofer see! In the thirteenth
century, the ordinary form of she is scoy found in Northern
writers ; sche (scce) is a Midland modification of it."

West. Mid. Dial. (Lane.) Into a comely closet coyntly ho entre3.

'3^* Sir Gawayne and G, K,, 1. 935.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane.) Ho profered me speche.

^360. E, Eng, Allit. Poems, A, 1. 235.

Lancashire. Bounce gus hur hart, an hoo wur so glopen

1548. That out o' th' windo hoo'^d like for t' lopen.

Hoo staumpdt, an hoo star'dt, an down stairs hoo run.
Warrikin Fair : GentlematCs Mag,, Sept., 1740;
and Ballads and Songs of Lane,, p. 53.

About 18x5. Hods nout agen th' king,

Bur hoo loikes a fair thing,

Un hoo says hoo con tell when hods hurt.

Ballads and Songs of Lane, : fone d Grinfilt
funior, p. 169.

1 62 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Waugh. An' aw kiss'd her agen ; but hoo said

^^59* At hoo wanted to kiss thee an' o'.

Lane, Songs : Come Whoam to thi Childer,

Ibid. "When koo^d getten o' reet, hoo set off after a place ;

1867. and when hoo geet theer, th' mistress said hoo thought

hoo'd suit 'em, but hoo wur to co' again at six o'clock.

Owd Blanket f c. iii., p. 72.

HOPPET, sb, a small basket.

JohnScholes. Hoo put hur hont deawn fur hur hoppet ; boh th'

^^57- hoppet J wi' Peg's fewtrils in, wur gwon.

Jaunt to see tIC Queen, p. 29.

HOPPLE (Fylde), v, to fetter.

HOP-SHACKLE'T, p, adj,^ cumbered or hindered in walking, by
some natural or other impediment or defect.

Waugh. " Well ; come on then ! What's to do witho ? Thou

1879. walks as if thou were hop-shackle' t T "Thou'd be

hop-shackle^ t too, if thou'd as mony corns o' thi toes as I
have." Chimney Comer , p. 17.

HORN, sb, 2l comb for the hair.

Waugh. Here ; tak how o' this horn, an' ready thi 3mre a bit —

^^79* for thou'rt moore like a corn-boggart nor aught belungin'

this world. Chimney Comer, p. 168.

HORSE-NOP (N. Lane), sb, the knap weed (Ctntaurea nigra),

HORSE-STANG (N. Lane), sb. the gad-fly.

HOTFOOT, adv, in great haste. The same z.%fut'hate (foot-hot) in
Barbour's Bnue, iil 418, xiii. 454. See note in Skeat's edition,
p. 557. M^o foot-hoot in Chaucer, Man of Lawes Tale, 1. 340.

Coll. Use. He coom deawn hot-foot, bent on havin' a quarrel.

1881.

HOTTERIN', V. fidgetting, or trembling with emotion.

JohnScholes. Hoo'd o face loik o turkey-cock, un hoo wur fayr

^^57- hotterin^ wi' vexashun. faunt to see tW Queen, p. 28.

HOTTERIN'-MAD, very angry.
HOWLE, adf hollow. A.S. hoi, a hole.

Chaucer. And he was not right fat, I undertake,

^3^' But lokede holwe, and therto soburly.

Prologue, C, T., 1. 288.

Waugh. ** He must be varra howle when he's hungry," said the

^874. landlady. ''Howler said Adam, "why he'll be like

a two-legged drum, about t' middle o' t' forenoon.

fannock, c. iv., p. 30.

HOYT, sb. a long road.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 63

HUBBONS, ) sb. pi, the hips. In the Lincolnshire dialect this word
HUGGINS, ) appears as "huck." See Tennyson's ''Northern
Cobbler"—'* I slither'd and hurted my huckJ'

John Scholes. Aw shud o shaumt wur nur o thief when aw're o lass

^^S7« t' ha* bin sin wi' mi cooatts brad eawt o yard un o hauve

across th* hubbons. Jaunt to sfe th^ Queetif p. 23.

HUCKLE, V. to stoop, to bend from weakness or age.

Rev. W. Gaskell. In Lancashire, a person who stoops is said to "huckU;"

^^S4« and ** hunch-backed" is expressed by ** huckle-backed ;''^

this may come from the A,S.h6c, a hook ; or from what
seems more like it, the Welsh hwcaf hooked.

JLect, Lane, Dialect, p. 13.

HUD, V, to hide ; also hid or hidden.

Miss Lahee. Mi feyther coom back wi* a greyt top-quot on ut welly

"^75. ^^^ him eawt o* seet. The Charity Coat, p. 9.

Waugh. Had thiser i' th* buttery theer, till hoo's gone.

^^79* Chimney Corner, p. 186.

Ibid. He ga* me howd of a greight stang, about twelve fuut

^^79' lung, at they had htid in a nook.

Chimney Comer, p. 172.

HULL, V. to cover. See Hill.

HULL, sb, a husk ; used especially for the husk of the pea, which
is called a ^t^^-hulL

HULLET, sb. an owl. See also Ullet.

J. p. Morris. Folk used to say it wod scree^m like a hullet,

"^<57. Lebify Beck Dobby, p. 4.

HULLY-BUTTERFLEE (N. Lane), sb, any heavy-bodied night-
flying moth.

HUMBUGS, sb, an old-fashioned sweetmeat, made of mint and
sugar.

Waugh. I remember gooin' wi' him once into owd Nanny

*^79« Shackleton*s to%-shop, a-buyin' a hawporth o' hum*

bugs ; an' as soon as he'd getten th' humbugs, he popt
one into his mouth, an' tother into his pocket.

Chimney Comer, p. 240.

HUMMABEE, sb^ the common field bee ; i,e. hummer-bee.

Collier. As thick as wasps in a hummobee-nttsX, — Works, p. 43.

1750.

John Scholes. O th' folk i' th' hammil wur huzzin' abeawt loik a

1857- swarm o' hummobees. Jaunt to see th^ Queen, ?• ^S*

B. Bribrlev. Theere they're at it, pell-mell, like wasps in a

^^70- hummabee neest.

Ab-o^-th^- Yate on Times and Things, p. 64.

HUMP-BACK, sb, a person with a hunched back.
HUMP-STRIDD'N, adv. astride a person's back.

Collier. Nick may ride hump-striddn a' beggin.

^7S»» Works^ p. y^

1 64 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

HURE, sb. hair. See also Yure.

Collier. Aw find teaw con tell true to o hure» — Works, p. 55.

1750.

John Scholbs. Aw con clog mi own clogs, pow hure, fettle clocks.

^^57« Jaunt to see th* Queen, p. 6,

HURKLE (N. Lane), v. to stoop or squat. Du. hurkeuy to squat \
cf. M.E. rntke^ to squat.

West Mid. Dial. (Lane) Ouer ))e hi3est hylle >at hurhled on erj>e.

'3^' [Over the highest hiU that rested on earth.]

E, Eng, Allit, Poems, B, 1. 406.

HURR, V, to snarl like a dog. Cf. Lowland Scotch hur, to snarl
See hurdy-gurdy in Skeat's Etym. Diet

HURRY (Oldham), sb, a spasm, a fit, a sharp attack of illness, or
even an outburst of temper.

Coll. Use. Hoo's had a bad cryin' hurry (said of a passionate

"881. child).

HUTCH (Fylde), v, to hoard.
HUTCH, V. to sit close, to get nearer.

Miss Laheb. Hoo never oflfer't to hutch up to make reawm for me

'855- bi th' side on her. Owd Yem, p. 20.

Waugh. Come, Dimple, let's be hutchirC a bit nar whoam I

^8^5' Besom Ben, c. i., p. 10.

Ibid. < « We're o' reet, ' ' said Jone o' Gavelock's, * * if I can get

^875. Craddy, here, to hutch a bit fur off," "Craddy," said

Giles, ^^ hutch up lower, mon."

Old Cronies, c. iii., p. 33.

HUZZY, sb. a daughter, a female child. See hussy in Skeat's Etym.
Diet.

B. Brierley. They co'en me odd, aw know, an a mon may well be

when he con see other folk wi' ther bits o' huzzies reawnd
'em an' noane o' ther own for t' mak 'em even.

Irkdale, c. i., p. 55.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

165

I.

ICCLE, sb. an icicle.

Collier.
1750.

Waugh.
1855-

John Scholbs.
1857.

Gaskbll.

1854.

A.S. isgicel.
Beside, yoad*n be os cowd os iccles, — Works, p. 49.

An* feel at it nose ; it's as cowd as iccles.

Lane, Sketches : Birthplace of Tim Bobbin, p. So.

Mi hure stood up in o minnit us stiff us iccles, strejrt
up, loik o rush cap. Jaunt to see th* Queen, p. 60.

The Anglo-Saxon for what was "eel," chill, or con-
gealed, was gicel, and the Lancashire for an icicle is only
another form of the same word, iccle. We meet with it
in the time of Charles II. in some lines by Cotton, who
wrote a continuation of Walton's Complete Angler, He
says: —

Be she constant, be she fickle,
Be she firm, or be she ickle.

Led, Lane, Dialect, p. 19.

I'GADLIN, 1 . ^ . ,^ ,,
I'GODLIN, I ^^*^^' ^ P^^^ ^^*^-

Waugh. " He says I'm to clear t* table. " " Clear t* table, eh I

*^74- Pgodlin, he's done a good stroke at that, hissen 1"

Jannock, c, iv., p. 28.

Ibid. " Hello, Snip !" said Giles. . . "A merry Christmas

1875- to tho, owd craiter ! rgadlin, we's never look beheend us

after this." Old Cronies, c. iii., p. 29.

IGNAGNING (Fylde), sb, the name given to a morris or sword-
dance, common in the Fylde some fifty years ago.

Rbv. W. Thornbbk. Others performed a kind of morris-dance or play,

*837' known by the name of ignagning, some mjrstery in

honour of St. Ignatius, but more probably its derivation
is from ignis Agnae, who suffered martyrdom at the stake.
Ignagning has almost fallen into disuse, and a band of
boys, called Jolly Lads, has succeeded.

History of Blackpool^ p. 92.

I'GODDIL, interj. if God wUl.

CoLLiBK. Tim, I think lunger ot fok liv'n an th' moor mis-

choances they han.
Mary, Not awlus, o Goddil, Works, p. 40.

1750.

I'GODSNAM, interj, in God's name ; a petty oath.

Let um speyk greadly, os we dun, tgodsnum.

Works, p. 35.

Get some'at into tho lad, i Go^s-nam, for thou'U
need it. Hermit Cobbler, p. 16.

Collier.
1750-

Waugh.
1876.

1 66 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

IKE, sb. abbreviation of Isaac.

ILL-DOIN', adj. in bad condition ; sickly.

ILL-DONE-TO, adj. badly treated ; ill used.

ILLrGETTEN, adj. dishonestly obtained.

IN-FOR-IT, ad. in circumstances of danger or difficulty ; overtaken
by calamity.

Coll. Use. Tha'rt in-for-it, neaw, owd mon ; aw wouldn't be i*

^^°^* thy shoes for summut (something).

INGLE-NOOK, sh. the corner of a fire-place.

INGLUN-SHIRE, sh. England.

INKLE-WEAVER, sh. a tape weaver. See Beggar-inkle, ante,
P- 34.

Waugh. Thick ! We*re as thick as a pair o' owd reawsty inkle-

^^^^* weyvers, Sneck-Bant, c. i., p. 11.

INSENSE, V. to convey a meaning ; to make a stupid person com-
prehend.

O. Ormerod. It's no mak o use me troyin' for to inserts yo into o us

^^^^- aw seed. Felley fra Rachde,

INSIDE, sh. the stomach or bowels.

Waugh. Th' lad had bin wrang in his inside a while, an' one

1876. jjay he says to his faither, "Eh, faither, I do like th'

bally-warche!" "Thou likes it? Why, what for?"
" Becose it's so nice when it gi's o'er ! "

Manchester Critic.

INTACK, sh. an enclosed piece of common. Cf. Icel. %tak.
IR, pron. of our.

Waugh. There wur ir Jammy lad, an' me, an' some moor on

1869. y^^ Lane. Sketches, p. 206.

IRNIN', sh, cheese-making. A farmer when he has begun to make
curd for cheese is said to have begun irnin\ An imitC-tub is
the tub in which the milk is placed for curding. A.S. yman, to
run, t,e. to coagulate. See Rennet in Skeat's Etym. Diet

I'ST, pro. and v. I should, or I shall.

Collier. Tim. Neaw, Meary, whot cou'd onny mon doo ?

^750- Mary, Doo ! Pst o gon stark woode [«.^., mad].

WorkSf p. 42.

Ibid. Pst naw have one boadle t' spare. Works, p. 55.

IT^fron, used for " its." Prof. Skeat in his Etjon. Diet says ** the
. genitive case its was just coming into use in Shakspere's time.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 67

but we find // (with the sense of its) in the first folio, in thirteen
passages."

Waugh. An' look at it een ; they're as breet as th' north-star ov

'^ a frosty neet I Lane, Sketches, p. 80.

Coll. Use. If he can catch howd o* that dog he'll have it life, as

^^^* what comes on it

I'TAW 1

I'TEAW I ^^^PO^^d i ^^ two, or in two pieces.

Waugh. An* bith light in her een,

^^59- It were fair to be sin,

That hoo're ready to rive me ^teaw.

Lane, Songs : Jamie's Frolie,

IVIN, sb. ivy.

6. Bribrlkv. "Isn't your name over the door?" **Ay, but yo

"^ couldno' see it ; for it's groon o'er wi' ivin, an' has bin

mony a year." Red Windows Halt, c ii., p. 12.

1 68 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

J.

JACKSTONES, sb. a child's game, played with a large marble and
the knuckle-bones of a sheep ; also with small white pebbles or
jackstones. The same game is also known as "Bobber and
kibs ;" the kibs being the sheep's bones.

JAMBLES, sb, the hames ; the part of the collar by which horses draw.

JAMMY-CRANE (N. Lane), sb. the heron.

JAMRAGS (N. Lane), sb. anything overcooked.

JANNOCK, sk a dark-coloured bread or cake made of oatmeal, or
of coarse wheat-meal ; also, metaphorically applied to anything
or any action that is honest or thorough.

Rev. p. Walkden. Paid i/- for a new cheese and 2ijanecke, — Diary ^ p. 44.

1725.

Rev. W. Thornber. [At Easter] jannockj introduced by the Flemish

*837' refiagees, [was] eaten with zest by the hungry labourer.

IlisL of Blackpool, p. 93.

Waugh. The thick unleavened oatcake, called jannock, is

1855. scarcely ever seen in South-east Lancashire now ; but it

used to be highly esteemed. The common expression,
"That's noan jannock" applied to anything which is
not what it ought to be, commemorates the fame of this
wholesome old cake of theirs.

Lanc» Sketches: Rochdale to Blackstone Edge, p. 129.

JAWMS, sb, pL pronun. of jambs, the side-posts of a window, fire-
place, or other portion of a house.

JERRY, V. to cheat.

JERRY, adj, bad, defective, and deceptive ; Le. a jerry building is
one that is badly built, although it may look well outwardly.

TERRY-SHOP 1 ^^' ^ public-house.

JIDDY, V, to agree.

Coll. Use. They n&y^tjiddy together. (Heard in Bolton and Bury.)

i88o>

JILLIVER, sb. a termagant.

JIMP, adj, neat, spruce, tidy, slender. Bums has —

I see thee dancing o'er the green,

Thy waist sae jimp, thy limbs sae clean.

And see also Scott's Minst. Border (" Lord Thomas and Fair
Annie") —

She maun lace on her robe sae jimp
And braid her yellow hair.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 69

JIMPLY (Ormskirk), adv. smoothly.

JINDERIN' (Ormskirk), v. seeking a mate.

JINNY-GREEN-TEETH, sb. literaUy the green scum on ponds,
but supposed to imply the presence of a water-sprite or ** boggart f
a terror to children as they pass the pond on which the appearance
is seen.

JINNY-SPINNER (N. Lane), an insect, Tipula.

JOBBERNOWL, sb. a dunce or dolt Cf. nowl in Mids. N. Dream,
iii. ii. 17.

JOHNNY-RAW, sb. a foolish or stupid person.

Coll. Use. What a Johnny-raw he must be, to swallow a tale o^

^^'- that soart !

JORUM, sb. a large quantity.

Rev. W. Thoknbbr. A jorum of * * browess, *' and roasted wheat or frumenty,

1837. £qj. dinner, was the treat of Good Friday.

HisU of Blackpool, p. 93.

Coll. UsB, Neaw lads, set-to — there's 2i jorum o* porridge for you ;

' in wi your spoons an' start feir.

JOW, V, to jog j to push or knock against. Seeyba//in Shakspere —
" They may jowl horns together :'* As You Like It, i. iiL 59 ;
" How the knave jowls it to the ground :" Hamlet, v. i. 84.

B. Brierlev. It'll end i' folk jowin' ther yeds together till they'n be

^^^^ fain o* quietness at any price. Irkdale, p. 23.

Waugh. **Whoareyo? Foryo'renotmichtolookat." "Reet

1867. again, owd craiter,'* answered Tim, ** Reet again I —
jow thi yed !" " What mun zmjow mi yed for, yo greight
starin' rack-an-hook?" replied Betty. *^Jow yor own
yed I It's o' at it's good to. " — Owd Blanket, c. i . p. 9.

Ibid. Then, th' wife an' him jowed their yeds together, as

1868. tjjgy ^y^J. bendin' deawn to reitch their stodtin's up.

Sneck-Bant, c. ii. p. 36.

JOYST, sb. pasturage for cattle let out to farmers or others for a
consideration. A corruption of agist

Rev. p. Walkden. Received from Seath Jolly oflf haOdjoyst, £4. o. o.

'725. j)iary, p. 161.

JUD, sb. familiar substitute for George.

JUMP, sb, a Sunday coat, gown, or other outer garment ; probably
a well-fitting coat. In Shakspere the word means jusf, exactlyy
also to tally. See Hamlet, act i., sa i., 1. 65 ; Othello, act ii.,
sc. 3, 1. 392.

Coi-LiER- Soh I donn'd meh Sunday /«/»/, o top o meh singlet.

'7SO. Works, p. 41.

JUST-NOW, ad. in a short time ; after a little interval, as " e'en-now"
means without interval, immediately. Also a little while before
the present time.

170 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

K.

KALE (N. Lane), sb. broth or pottage.

Waugh. «<I never had mich traffic o' that mak." "Nor me

(Fumess Dialect.) nawther ; mine's bin chiefly poddish an' ^eas-kaU, an'
* ^'** blue-milk cheese." Jannock, c. ix., p. 97.

ElALE, sb. a turn in rotation. See Cale, ante, p. 66.

B. Bribrlby. Yo'st o' be wed when yor kale comes.

^^^* IrkdaU^ p. 225.

Waugh. They keepen droppin* oflf, an' comin' on. It's once

*^79- a-piece for us, o' round. It'll be our kaU in a bit,

Snaffle. Chimney Corner^ p. 231.

KALES, sb, the game of ninepins, See kails in Skeat's Etym. Diet
Of Old Low German origin ; Du. kegel^ " a pin, kail ; mid kegels
spekriy to play at ninepins : SeweL"

KAME, sb. a comb. A.S. camb ; IceL kambr ; Dan. kam.

KAYTHURorl ^ ^1

KEYTHER,

CoLLiBR. Whether it lawmt [lamed] th' bam ot wuri' th'

^750' keather^ I know naw. Works, p. 66.

Bamford. I»11 put th' chylt i' th' keyther an' set at yon wark.

*^^**' Life ofRadicaU c ix., p. 6i.

Waugh. Keep th' keyther stirrin' gently ; an'

"^59. Make very litde din. Lane. Songs : "Neet-fo'."

B. Bribrlby. if theaw hasno' bin rocked enough i' thy younger days,

it's time theaw'd a new kaythur made for thee.

Irkdale, p. 74.

KAYVE, vb. to overturn, to upset. Kayvty upset, turned over.

KEAWER, V. pron. of cower ; to shrink, to crouch, to squat.

CoLLiBR. Let's keawer us deawn o' th' yeoarth o bit.

'750- Works, ^./^i.

B. Bribrlby. He'd keawer up th' stairs o' day if aw did no fotch

'868. iiinj by th' skuft o^ th' neck. Irkdale, p. 47.

Waugh. I wonder how thou can for shame o' thi face sit

'87^* keawerin^ theer hutch't of a lump. Critic.

KEAWL, V. to crouch, to quail.

KEAWLT, part, repulsed, intimidated.

KEAWNT, sb. account ; as "Aw ma no keawnt of it."

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 17I

KEBBIN' (Morecambe), part, fishing for flat fish with four hooks
hanging from the ends of a weighted wooden cross.

KECK, V. to upset. A variant of kick.

Dr. Barbsr. Lads wos . . . bringin' girt clogs o* stuflf to t'

*^7o- chaps i' thor shades as they ca ryvers, to be keckt up

reet in front o* them. Forness Folk^ p. 10.

Coll. Usb. " Who's spilt this milk ?" " Me, mother : aw couldn't

*^"* help it J aw keckt it o'er wi' my sleeve."

KECKER (Ormskirk), sh, the bar which connects the body of the
cart with the thills.

KECKIN* (N. Lane), part, spying. Cf. Icel. kaga^ knkja^ to pieep ;
Scot keek^ to look with prying eye, or with stealth.

KECKLE, sh. prate, cackle, idle or foolish talk.

KECKLE (N. Lane), v. to giggle, to laugh.

KECKLE, adj. pert.

KECKLETY )

KECKLY ' f ^^* unsteady, likely to topple over.

John Scholbs. Aw'm as kekUty us o owd waytur tub after o twel-

*^57« munth's drouth. Jaunt to see tK Queen, p. 20.

Waugh. ** What's to do wi* tho ? Thou stonds very keckley.''

'^79* ** Rheumatic or summat. I've never bin reet o' mi pins

sin' Rushbearin." Chimney Comer, p. 112.

KECK-MEG, sb. a pert, meddling woman.

KECKS, ) sb.pl. the hollow stems of the common hemlock; used
KEX, ) by lads to shoot peas with, also for making a rude
flageolet.

Shakspkrb. Nothing teemes

X599- But hatefull dockes, rough thistles, keksyses, burres,

Loosing both beautie and utilitie.

Henry Fifth, act v., sc. ii., 1. 51.

TsNNYsoN. Tho' the rough kex break

1850. The starr'd mosaic. The Princess, iv. 59.

B. Bribrlby. Thoose . . . wi' texts o' Scriptyer i' ther meawths

»868. ^i tjjgy cqh shoot eawt as readily as paes eawt of a kex.

Irkdale, p. 48.

Rev. W. Gaskbll. As boys, the name we gave to the stalks of the wild

x8s4- hemlock, which we used for pea-blowers, was kecks. I

am not aware that this is to be found in the Gk)thic with
any similar meaning ; but in Welsh we have cecys, plants
with hollow stalks ; and in Cornish kegaz means hem-
lock; and I see no reason why this should not be
regarded as a genuine British relic.

Lect, Lane. Dialect, p. 9.

CoLu Usb. As dry as a kex (meaning thirsty).

M

172 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

KEDDLE-DOCK, j^. common ragwort. Senecio /acobcea,

»776« July 30. This summer is remarkable for the great

(quantity of keddUdocks, — A Middleton Farmet's Diary
in Manchester Guardian^ Feb, 26, 1877.

X877. In the rural part of Mid-Lancashire (near Goosnaigh),

where I was reared, the word was pronounced ^* kettle-
dock,^* It is the broad-leafed common dock, and the
name is used in contradistinction to sour dock and
patience dock ; it is totally different to the "ketlock"
\Sinapis arvensis,)

Edward Kirk^ in Manchr, Guardian^ March, 1877.

KEEL, V, to cool, to assuage, to allay, to moderate. A.S. celan,
to chill ; formed from c61, cool, by the usual mutation of to e.
See Skeat's Notes to Fiers the Plowman^ p. 434.

About X37a Then downe on knees ful humbly gan I knele,

Beseeching her my fervent wo to kele.

Court of Lave (Aldine Chaucer), 1. 774.

X440. Kelyny or make cold. Frige&cio. — Prompt Parv,

Shakspbrb. While greasie Jone doth keele the pot.

1598. Lovers Labour Lost, act v., sc li., 1. 930 and 939.

Collier. Fear me not, sed I, for I*m as hungry as. a rott*n. . . .

1750. Yq jjjgy come on* begin, sed hoo, for they need'n no

keelirC, Works, p. 68.

KEEMIN'-COMB, sb. a small tooth comb.
KEEN, V. to kindle.

Coll. Use. What, is ther no foire keened yeil Aw mun have yo'

^^^' wenches eawt o* bed afore this toime in a momin*.

KEEN-BITTEN, adj\ eager, sharp, hungry; ready to take advantage.

Collier. Yx so keen-bitfn I mede no bawks at o heyseed.

'750- Works, p. 68.

Waugh. There were no symptoms of indigestion about Ben.

X865. pjg ^^ ^ keen-bitten as a starved ostrich.

Besom Ben, c. i., p. 6.

Ibid. It wur Dody o' Joseph's, a joiner by trade,

*^76' A comical cowt, an* a keen-bitten blade ;

He're as fause as a boggart.

Lane, Songs: The Grindlestone,

KEEP, sb, food, board, maintenance.

Coll. Use. "What does he get?" "Nine shillin' a-week an*

^^®** his keep; an* noan bad wages, noather.**

KEEPIN' COMPANY, part, courting, being betrothed.

Coll. Use. "How lung does ta say they kept company?'*

'^''* "Why, for seven years; an* walked many a thousand

mile, mon, while they were at it.**

KEEVIL (Lytham), sb. a candle.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 73

KEEVIL, sb, the person who stands on the centre of a sway-plank.

KEIGH-NEIGHVT, adj. = key-fisted, malformed, applied to the
hand, and referring to a hand chronically shut or half-shut.

Waugh. ** Had he a hair-shorn lip ?" " Ay, he had ! An* he

1865. yfyj^^ keigh-neighvt r* Besom Ben, c vii., p. 90.

KEISH (N. Lane), sd. the hollow stem of the hemlock. See Kex.
KELCH (Ormskirk), sb, a sprain. See Kench.
KELK (N. Lane), v. to strike.
KENCH, sb. a sprain.
KENCH, V. to sprain.

Coll. Use. i. "What's up Ned?" "Nowt mich— a bit of o'

»«8»- kench V my back."

2. Aw slipped offth' kerb-stone an* kench^d my ankle.

KENT ' [ ^' Lane), v, knew.

Dr. Barbek. « * That's a bit o* aad Bat's wark. " * * Wha's he ?" I ext.

1870. « I g^jjj y^ thowte iwery body kent aad Bat."

Fomess Folk, p. 13.

KENSPAK (N. Lane), adj. easy to know.

Dr. Barber. It's t sleatts et gev that bye-neamm to t' spot, 'cos

^^7°" the'r kenspak amang udder sooarts.

Fomess Folk, p. 11.

KENSPECKLE, adj. conspicuous from some oddity of person or
attire; easy to recognize. Icel. kenm-spekiy the faculty of
recognition.

Waugh. He's a kenspeckle mak of a face, as far as I can judge.

*^^^ Chimney Comer, p. 127.

KEP (N. Lane), v. to catch.

KERSEN, 1 , K • .
KESSEN, I ^- ^^ ^^"«^^"-

Collier. Eh, truth, Meary, I never lee eh sitch bed sin eh wur

'7SO- kersunt. Works, p. 54.

Wauoh. Did'n yo never hear tell on 'em gooin a-kessunin*

*^79« that chylt o' theirs ? Chimney Comer, p. 32.

KESMAS. ) , Christmas

KERSMUS (N. Lane), J ^'•"stmas.

Waugh. Aw's be seventy-one come Kesmas momin*.

^^7. Owd Blanket, c, iii., p. 62.

KEST (N. Lane), sb. a ride ; a lift on the way.

J. p. Morris. I gat a kest in a coup er I wod a' bin teer't.

*^ Fumess Glossary, p. 52.

KESTER, sb. Christopher.

174 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

KESTLIN, sk a calf dropped before its time.

KESTREL, sb, a flawed and inferior earthen vessel. — ^Whittaker.

KET (Fylde and Lonsdale), sb. carrion.

KET-CROW (Fylde and Lonsdale), sb. the carrion crow.

KEEVILLY, adj\ unsteady.

KIB, sb, a small bone in the sheep's foot, used in playing the game
called " Bobber and kibs."

KIBBLE (Fylde), sb. a stick.

KIBBLER (Fylde), sb. a bad walker.

KIBBO, sb. a long stick.

Collier. Aw* th' rest on nin had hoyts, or lung kibboeSf like.

*75o« swinging sticks or raddlins. Works, -p. ^'^.

Iwix A felly with a wythen kibbo in his hont. — JVorksy p. 5*.

KIBE, V. to pout the lip in scorn, to gibe, to mock.

KILL, sb. a kiln.

Rev. W. Gaskbll. In the Welsh word for a furnace, we have that which

'^^* is constantly used in Lancashire ; not kiln, with the n

at the end, but cyl, as a Wmokilly a hnc\JiUl.

Lett, Lane. Dialect, p. 10.

KIM-KAM, adv. to walk with a throw of the legs athwart one
another. Whittaker.

KIN-COUGH, sb. the whooping-cough. See Chincough, ante
P- 74.

KINDLE, V. to bring forth ; chiefly applied to rabbits.

Shakspbre. The cony that you see dwell where she is kindled.

^^- As You Like It, iii. ii. 358.

KINGDOM-COME, sb. heaven ; a state of happiness.

Coll. Use. Poor owd lad I He's gone to Kingdom-come at last

1881. **

KINK, V. to lose the breath with coughing or laughing. See
Chink, ante, p. 74.

John Scholes. Hoo set Throddy agate o laffin at hur till e kinkt

^^57- ogen. Jaunt to see th* Queen, p. 57.

KINK (N. Lane), sb. a crease.

KINK-HAUST, ) sb. a violent cough or cold. See Chincough,
KINK-HOOST, J ante, p. 74.

KINKIN' (N. Lane), part, laughing.

KIPE (N. Lane), v. to retort.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 175

KIPPER, adj, amorous.

KIPPLE, V, to lift a weight from the ground on to the shoulder
without help or stay.

KIST, sb. a chest A.S. cist ; Icel. kista; Dan. kiste.

West Midland Dialect. And he with keyes uncloses kystes fill mony.

^360- AlliU Poems, B, 1438.

Bamford. If it were during winter, or in broken cold weather,

1850. tjie great oaken kist would have to yield up its most
substantial article of attire. — Intro, to Tim Bobbin, p. vii.

John Scholes. Aw stare't at him, un weel aw met, fiir aw thowt o'

1867. ^ njgyi j^f^ Jaunt to see th' Queen, p. 41.

Dr. Barber. Fellas wos runnin' abowt as rank as mice in a meeal

1870. kist, Fomess Folk, p. 12.

KITE (N. Lane), sb. the belly.

Vaugi
sss D

1874.

Waugh. Noo an' then I*ve starken*t my kite wi' bacon an'

(Fumess Dialect) cabbish. Jannock, c. ix., p. 97.

KITTER (S. Lane), ) ,. ^^i- of«
KITTLE (N. Lane), [ ^^- ^^^^'^-

KITTLE, V, to miss, to fail in an attempt

KITTLE, V, to tickle. Icel. kitla,

KITTLE, adj\ ticklish, nicely-balanced.

KITTLE, V. to bring forth, applied to cats.

Waugh. Owd Ben had a daughter wed, an' a keaw cauve't, an'

^^75- a mare foal't, an' a cat kittle* t, o' in one day.

Old Cronies, c. vi., p. 56.

KITLIN', sb, a kitten. Professor Skeat in his Etym. Diet, art
Kitten, says: "The true English form is kit-ling, where-ling
( = — / + ing) is a double diminutive suffix."

Robert Herrick. The brisk mouse may feast herself with crums,
^^^^' Till that the green-ey'd kitting comes.

A Country Life,

Wauch. Aw connot ston it. Aw'm as wake [weak] as a kitlin*

1867. jjijg minute. — Home Life of Factory Folk, c xxii. , p. 194.

KIZEN'T (N. Lane), adj, parched, dried up.

KNAP (N. Lane), sb, a blow.

KNOBLUCKS, sb. pL small lumps.

KNOCKUS, sb, pi knuckles.

Collier. Hal o' Nabs had his knockus lapt in his barmskin.

176 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

KNOGGY, adj, knotty.

KNOWE, sb, pronun. of knoll.

Waugh. I went out at th* town-end till I geet at th' top of a

*^79' bit of a htowe. Chimney Comer, p. 252.

KNUCKLE-DOWN, v. to submit, to consent to indignity.

Coll. Usb. Aw shall never knuckU-down to that chap, aw con

^881. teUthi'.

KNUCKLE-UNDER, v. to humiliate oneself; to take the second
place.

CoLL« Usb. If hoo once gets thee to knuckle-under tha*s done for.

KOBNOGGLE (Fylde), v. to pull the hair and then hit the head
with the knuckles.

KRINDLE, sL kernel.

Waugh. Onybody may ha* th' shell, Mary, if they'n lev me th'

1879. krindle. Chimney Comer, p. 203.

KUSS, \ sb, a kiss. A.S. coss; Mid. Eng. cos, kos, kus; IceL
KUSSIN', I koss; Du. kus, sb., whence kussen, vb. See Xiss in

Skeat's Etym. Diet. "The form kusse is as late as Skelton,

Phylyp Sparowe, 361."

Waugh. Aw could just like to kuss tho once, afore we starten,

1868. jy thae's no objection, for thae looks hondsomer nor ever

this momin'. Let*s just ha' one kuss, lass.

Sneck-Bant, p. 59.

Ibid. ** Give us a kussin^ /" And hoo gave him one.

^^75- Old Cronies, c. iv., p. 43.

KYE, sb, pi, cows, kine. A.S. cu, a cow ; cy, cows.

West Midland Dialect. Bothe to cayre [drag] at the kart and the kuy mylke.
'360- Allit, Poems, B, 1259.

Burns. The kye stood rowtin* i' the loan. — The Twa Dogs,

X786. '^ ^

Rev. W. Gaskell. Another relic of an Anglo-Saxon plural we have in the

iBs4* word which Wickliffe uses when he says, "And thus we

blame childre,^* In A.S. this was cildru. Our word
''children*' is a double plural, and really not so good a
form as^**childre." And so with **kyne," the A.S.
being cy, to which the Lancashire kye answers.

Led, Lane, DicUect, p. 24.

KYSTY (N. Lane), adj, dainty.

J. p. Morris. Some weshed out the*r chammer-pots — ^ye may be suer

X867. jijgy ^om*t keisty — an* hed *em filled.

Invasion 0^ IPston, p. 5.

Dr. Barber. Ooer kysty to be amang dacent foke.

"^7°- Fomess Folk, p. 31.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 77

L.

LACE (S. Lane), | v. to beat, to castigate. Literally to strike
LEACE (N. Lane), I with a leather thong.

Thomas Wilson. Hoo towd me hoo'd get me weel lacgd,
^^** If aw didna' that minute goo whom.

Sony's of the Wilsons^ p. 45.

LAD, V, led.

Waugh. It'll do noan I I'll not be lad into temptation wi* yo.

^^79- Chimney Corner^ p. 277.

T ADS-T OVF ' I ^^* southernwood. Artemisia Abrotanum,

LADYBIRD, | sb, the small scarlet beetle with black spots. Cocci-
LADYCOW, I nella punctata. Lancashire children sing the
following song : —

Lady-cow, lady-cow, fly away home,

Your house is on fire and your children all gone.

LADY-SMOCK, sb. the plant cuckoo-flower. Cardamine pratensis.
Most commonly known in Lancashire as the ** May-flower."

Shakspbrb. Daisies pied and violets blue

^S97» And lady-smocks all silver-white.

Lovis L, Z., act v., sc. ii.

LAFTER (N. Lane), sb, one brood of chickens; the eggs which a
hen sits upon during incubation. Cf. Icel. Idtr, the place where
animals lay their young (which Mr. Vigfusson wrongly identifies
with E. litter).

LAGS,
LAGGINS,

sb. pi. the staves of a tub or cask.

B. Bribrlbv. The fence, his own making, was but a rickety fabric of

^^^^* ^^ lagginsy"* worn-out treadles, and discarded weight

ropes. Marlocks of Merriton^ p. 68.

LAIGH, V. to laugh ; laighin^ laughing ; laighless^ laughless, without
laughter.

LAITH, V. to laugh.

B* ^^^fjf^"^* "Aw da*say," said Jacob, "hoo'll want summat to

1808. i^^^^ abeawt. Irkdale, c. xvii., p. 241.

LAITH, ) sb. a bam or storehouse. IceL hla'6a^ b. bam, a store-
LEATH, J house.

Chaucbr. Why nad thou put the capul [horse] in the lalhe ?

'3^ Reeves Tale, 1. 168.

^^1^75™ Just as I'r gett'n to th' leath dut. W^orfes, ^. ^n-

178 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

LAITHE, V. to invite. A.S. lathian^ to invite, bid, send for,
assemble. Icel. la^^Sa^ to bid, to invite a guest.

A.D. 995. «< j-^a se sunder-halga, ]?e hine in-geMode" — when the

Pharisee, who had invited him.

A,S, Gospels f Luke vii 39.

Waugh. « Come, poo a cheer up," he said, " an' need no moor

'^55- laithein\ ''—Lane, Sketches: Cottage of Tim Bobbin, p. 53.

Ibid. Aw*11 laithe a rook o* neighbour lads, —

^ ^' Frisky cowts, an' bowd uns.

Lanc» Songs : Turn Rindle,

B. Brikrley. O' th' folk i* Irkdale wur laithe to th' buryin'.

*^^^- IrkdaU, c. i., p. 30.

LAKE, V. to play. A.S. Idc^ play ; Icuan^ to play. Icel. leika,
1440- Laykyny or thynge that chyldryn pley wythe.

Promp. Parv,

J. P. Morris. a lot of us lads wer' lakin down ^t t* la end o'

1867. Brou'ton. Siege 0* Brou'ton, p. 3.

LAM, V, to beat soundly. Icel. iemja^ to thrash, flog, beat, so as to
lame or disable ; A.S. lemian,

LAMMAS, V, to run, to disappear quickly.

Waugh. Thae'm mind te hits, an' when aw sheawt

^^S9« Be limber-legged, an' lammas eawt.

Lane. Songs: Margit's Coming,

B- Brierlby. Aw'm noane feart on thee gooin' back. Theau con

* lammas oflF agen, if t* thinks theau con do better some-

wheere else. Fratchingtons, p. 62.

LANGEL (N. Lane), v, to tie the forelegs of cattle to prevent them
from straying.

X440- Langelyny or b)^d to-geder. Prompt, Parv,

LANG-LENGTH (N. Lane), \ ^ . ^i^j^^^^j^

LUNG-LENGTH (S. Lane), J ^^^' ^^ ^^^^ ' ultimately.

Collier. Yoan pood truth eawt ov a dirty pleck at lung-length.

^750. Works, p. 65.

Waugh. At th' lung-length aw geet 'em laid still.

"^59. Lane, Songs: Come Whoam to thi Childer,

Ibid. Well, at th' lung-length we geet to th' White Heawse.

'^ Yeth-Bobs, c. ii., p. 33.

LANKISTER-LOWP, sb, leap-frog.

LANT, V, to beggar, to disappoint. Cf. Icel. hlanna, to pilfer.

LANT, sb, stale urine. Generally spoken of as "owd lant.*'
Formerly much used by Lancashire cottagers for scouring or
cleaning blankets and other woollen cloths; also for sundry
medicinal purposes. In every yard or garden would have been
found a receptacle for storing it. Icel. hland.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 79

LATCH, V, to take, to catch; as **to latch a distemper." A.S.
Iceccatiy to catch.

LATE, V. to seek. Icel. leita, to seek, to search. See Laitandin
Spec, of Eng., ed. Morris and Skeat.

B. Bribrley. There's a gentleman at th* back ut aw dar say yo'

^^7' known ; so aw*ll leeave yo to lait up owd acquaintance

while aw get ready. — Red Windinus Hall, c. iv., p. 22.

Dr. Barbbr. They heven*t time to lait th6r lost sheep.

^870- Fomess Folk, p. 23.

LATHER, sb, a ladder (sometimes pronounced ladther).
LATTER-END, sb. death, the time of death.

Coll. Use. Ifs toime for thee to begin o* thinkin* o* thi latter-end^

'^^^* owd mon.

LAWRENCE, sb, used figuratively for idleness.

Coll. UsB. «« Is he poorly?" "Not him, belike. He*s getten

'^^'* Lawrence on his back — that's his ailment."

LAYERS-FOR-MEDDLERS, sb. anything which it may not be
desirable to describe ; a term used in answer to the impertinent
or inconvenient question of a child.

Coll. Use. "What hav yo' getten i' that bag?" ^^ Layers-for-

1881. meddlers — does ta want to know ?"

LAYROCK, ) sb, the lark. Icel. Icevirki, Chaucer in Cant, Tales
LEAROCK, I hsiS laverock ; /^omaunt of/^ose, 1,66 2 y laverokkes ;
Bums, ^loly Fair^ st. i. See Lark in Skeat's Etym. Diet.

Bamford. a climb of about two miles brought us upon the level

"^**** of the hill at Ash worth Moor, soon after which we came

in sight of Learock Hoyle, in modem English, " Lark's
Hole," a substantial hostel and farm house.

Life of Radical, vol. i., c. viii., p. 53.

Ramsbottom. Yo'll ne'er find swallows uppo th* wing,

i»04« jijQr hearken th' bonny layrock sing, —

A dark spot ditherin* i' th' blue sky.

Lane, Songs : Lancashire Emigrants, p. lOO.

Waugh. The inhabitants of Dean valley are so notable for their

^^^' love of music, that they are known all through the vales

of Rossendale as "Th' Deighn Layrocks^' or "The
larks of Dean."

Home Life of the Factory Folky c. xxiii., p. 199.

LEA (N. Lane), sb, a scythe. Icel. U, Ijdr,

LEAF, sb, the inner fat of the pig, which, when melted, is called lard.

LEAN-TO, sb, a building erected against another ; also used as an
adj., and applied to a roof, as — " a lean-to roof."

LEASE \

LEECe' I ^^* ^^^ dividing of the thread in a warp.

l8o LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

LEATHER, v. to beat, to thrash.

Miss Lahee. As for Ned Buttereth, bith' mass, aw'll Igath^ him

^^* i* th* sect ov himsel, when aw see him again.

Carter^ 5 Struggles^ p. 52.

LEATHERINS adj, large.

J* P- Morris. Ther* wer' some gert letherin* young chaps (fell-bred,

*®^^* I*se uphod *em), stackerin' abowt.

Siege 0^ BrotCtony p. 3.

LEATHERIN', ) part going at a great rate or with much

LEATHERING AWAY, I vigour.

B. Bribrlby. LeatherifC away at one's loom as if it we*m feightin'

*^7o. a battle. Ab-o'-th'- Vote on Times and Things^ p. 14.

S- Laycock. He sprang eawt o* th* heawse witheawt jacket or hat ;

" "^^ went leathering deawn th' street to an uncle o' minci

Lane, SongSy p. 45.

LEATHER- YED, sb, a blockhead, a stupid person.

B. Bribrlby. When I come for t' calkilate heaw mony scamps it tak's

^^7o« for t' keep one o* these leathery eds i' concait wi' hissel, I

break eawt in a cowd swat.

Ab-o^-tK- Yate on Times and Things^ p. 34.

Waugh. " I can't say that I quite understand what it is that you

^^75. want, exactly." "Well, then," said he, "thou'rt a

leather-yed,** Old Cronies ^ c. vii., p. 70.

LEAVINGS, sb, anything left ; remnants ; also ofFaL Icel. lei/ar^
leavings, remnants, esp. of food.

Coll. Use. Nay, aw'st ha' noan o' thy leavings — tha mun ate 'em

^88x- thiser.

LEAWK, V, pron. of lowk; to beat, to thrash.
LEAWKS \^^'P^* ^^^^ ^^ barren dry grass ; locks of hair.

John Scholes. Theaw mun recollect ut Jim wur browt up omung th'

^^^' leawk ut top o' Breawn Wardle.

Jaunt (0 see th* Queen, p. 40.

LEECE-ROD, sb. a rod to divide the threads of a warp.

LEECH, sb, a pond or pool of water ; water lying in the hollow of
a road. In old Lancashire deeds and inquisitions the word
appears frequently as iachcj as in Blake-/ar^, Brad-^^, Grenelow-
iache^ GoS'lache, and Melshaw-/a^^^, always indicative of a marshy
locality. See Chetham Society's Publications.

Coll. Use. Comin' tearin' alung i' th' dark, aw went reet through

"^^** a leach o' watter, an* o'er my shoe-tops.

LEEM (N. Lane), v, to free nuts from their husks.
LEEMERS (N. Lane), sb. ripe hazel nuts.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. l8l

LEET )

LEETEN I ^' ^^ alight ; let, alighted j also to happen, and to find.

Waugh. One leets o* few sich nooks as this,

^^59- An th* journey ends i* th* gravel.

Lane. Songs: Come, Limber Lads,

'Si?' ^*^ ^^^ ^^ ^P®* ^* tow-bar. — Sneck-Bant, c. ii., p. 35.

Ibid. « How did yo sattle it ?" " He tanned my hide for

"^79- me." "Well, come; that's done wi'— till we leeten o'

one another again." Chimney Comer, p. 182.

Coll. UsB. i. We'll see how it leets (happens).

"^^'- 2. If aw leet on him (find him), aw'll tell thi.

LEET, sb, pron. of light, as in ^^y-Uet; leeter, lighter; leetntn\
lightning.

LEET-LOOKIN', adj. light, in full daylight.

Waugh. To goo an' come straight out o' thi looms, an' walk

^^79- three mile, i'th leet-lookin' day, to feight a battle.

Chimney Comer, p. 153.

LEETSOME, adj. light, cheerful, pleasant-looking.

Waugh. Th' cat pricks up her ears at th' sneck,

1859. Wi' mony a leetsome toot. Lane, Songs : Neet-fo,

Miss Lahbb. Qne leetsome neet, abeawt hay-time. — Owd Yem, p. 5.

LEG-DOWN, V, to cause to fall or stumble by putting forward the
leg in the way of another ; figuratively, to bring into trouble.

LEISTER (N. Lane), sb. a fish-spear. Icel. Ijbster.

LENNOCK, adj. pliant, nimble ; also long, pendulous.

R«v. W. Gaskell. Another word, not so often heard, which he [the Rachda

^^54" Felley] makes use of, is lennoek, I can only charge my

memory with having heard this once, and that was some
years ago ; it means limber or pliant.

Leet, Lane, Dialeet, p. 21.

W^uGH. Thae's a fuut like a angel, Ben ; an, by th' mon, thae'rt

^^' as lennoek as a snig. Yeth-Bobs, c. i., p. 29.

LEP (Fylde), v. to steep.
LET, V, lighted.

Waugh. He took me into a long, dark room, wheer there wur

^^7^* a hawp'ny candle let. Chimney Comer, p. 245.

LET-ON, V. to tell a secret ; to admit knowledge of a thing.

Coll. Use. Whatever he sajrs, dunnot thee let-on 'at tha knows

I88I. Q^ ^^Q^^ jj^

LEY, sb, the carnation.

Waugh. She was the queen of all flower-growers in humble life

*^^^* upon her native ground ; especially in the cultivation of

the polyanthus, auricula, tulip, and **/(py," or carnation.
Lane, Sketehes: Ifeyufooaand Ntighbw,rKoo6..;s^^'&k^

1 82 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

LEY, s^. pasture or grass land, as distinguished from plough land or
such as is kept under tillage.

LICK, V, to beat ; also to excel, to surpass.

Waugh. I could ha* /ickt him m)rser — wi* one hont teed beheend

^^79- mo ! Chimney Corner^ p. 153.

Coll. Use. Tha'U not lick (excel) that, if tha* tries for a week ; so

^^^'* tha* may as weel give in.

LICKIN', I ^*- ^ beating.

B. Brierlby. TheauM want byettin' [beating] twice a-day wi' an odd

*^^- lick extry neaw an agen. Fratchingtons^ p. 68.

LICKIN*, sb, provender for cattle.

LIEF, adv, soon, in the sense of willingly or preferably.

Shakspere. I had as lief have been m)rself alone.

^^- As You Like It, iii. ii. 269.

Waugh. Iv it*s o* th' same to yo, aw'd as lief yo wouldn't co' me

1868. jjQ jjjgj^ Q» nick-names. Sneck-Bant, c. iv., p. 73.

B. Brierley. Aw'd as lief goo to a comfortable corner o' th' tother

1868. shop. Irkdale, c. i., p. 49.

T T7ArT7T» /XT T \ \ ^^^« rathcr, sooner.
LEVER (N. Lane), J '

Tennyson. Myself would work eye dim, and finger lame,

'^59- Far liefer than so much discredit him.

Idylls of the King: " Enid."

Collier. I'd leefer ha* taen forty eawls. Works, p. 72.

1750.

Waugh. But, he that would liefer drink wayter,

^^59- Shall never be stinted by me.

Lane. Songs : God Bless these Poor Folk,

Miss Lahee. Nawe, aw'd liefer Wait till they com*n.

1865. Betty 0' Yefs Tale, p. 12.

LIEW, adj. thin, poor, diluted.

LIG, V, to lie. A.S. licgan ; Icel. liggj'a,

Spenser. Tho gan shepheards swaines to looke aloft,

1580. ^^j leave to live hard, and leame to ligge soft.

Shepheardes Calender: May, 1. 124.

Rev. W. Gaskell. Another word retaining the Anglo-Saxon form, which

'854* occurs in our older poets, and also prevails in the Lanca-

shire dialect, is the verb to * * lig,'' which has now become
lie, A medical friend of mine, being once sent for to
visit a person who was ill, asked the messenger, by the
way, whether the person he was going to see was a
respectable man. He wanted to Imow what was the
rank of his patient. The answer was, "Aw dunnot
knoa disaktly what yo koen * respectable,* but he wears
a watch an* ligs aloan.** Lect, Lane, DicUect, p. 16.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 83

Miss La.hk]e. * *Aw could do neaw to lig me deawn a bit. " * * Humph, "

*S^S« aw ses, "aw shouldn't wonder iv tha ligged deawn an'

brast, for aw ne'er see'd a woman eyt so mich."

Betty 0' Yefs TcUe, p. 7.

Dr. Barber. jje ligged i' bed a lang while afooar he deed.

*^7o- Fomess Folk, p. 13,

LIKE, adv, used in a curious manner for the purpose of intensifying
an expression — as, ** I'm all of a dither, like^'' meaning, " I am
trembling violently."

LIKED, V. obliged, compelled, almost.

Coll. Use. i, "Tha'rt never gooin to make that journey to-neet,

"^^^* surely." " Yea, aw am : aw'm liked,^^

2. " What did tha hit him for ?" "Aw couldn't help
it : aw felt as if aw wur liked to do it."

3. Get out o'th' way, aw'd liked to knock'd thi deawn.

LILE (Ormskirk and N. Lane), adj. little. Dan. ////?, little.

Dk. Barber. He meadd a deeal o' fancy things i' his aan lile smiddy.

'^70- Fomess Folk, p. 13.

LILT, V. to step lightly.

Waugh. Come, Mary, link thi arm i* mine,

"^59- An' lilt away wi' me. Lane. Songs,

LIMB, sb. a wild or frolicsome or over-clever person.

Coll. Use. What a limb that wench is I

x88z.

LIMBER, adj. supple, flexible.

Waugh. He're straight as onjr pickin'-rod,

'^^* An' limber as a snig. Lane. Songs : Chirrup,

Ibid. Xh' cowt's as pratty a /tfw^^r-legged craiter as ever I

* ^'' clapt een on. Chimney Comer, p. 157.

LIME-GAL, sb. a pony used for the carrying of lime ; gal is pro-
bably a contraction of ** galloway.''

About 186a Clitheroe, in the reign of Henry the Eighth, was a

paltry, poverty-stricken borough, its staple, and indeed
Its only, commodity being lime, which was brought from
the neighbouring kilns upon the backs of small, shaggy-
coated ponies (there denominated ^* lime-gals"), and
disposed of in the adjacent country.

Ned of the Fell, p. 12.

LIN, sb. linen. A.S. //«, flax. Prof. Skeat in his Etym. Diet has
"Linen, used as a sb., but really an adj. with adj. suffix -eriy as
in wooll-en, gold-en ; the original sb. was lin, preserved in lin-seed.
Mid. Eng. lin, sb. ; linen, adj."

Waugh. It's a quare thing about ghosts comin' back, wi' their

^3^5. clooas on, too ! That caps me ! Think o' th* ghost of

a lin sheet 1 SextofCs Story, p. 25.

Ibid* I can see him sittin* there ... drest in a check

*^7** lin shirt, wi' a strap round his neck for a stock.

Jannock, c. viii.^ p. 8a.

184 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

LINDRINS, sb.pL ropes put round a weaver's beam when the woof
is nearly finished.

B. Bribrlby. Wi' mi pickers an* pins,

An' mi wellers to tn* sluns,
Mi linderinsy shuttle, and yeald-hook.

Wayvero* Wellbrook,

LINES, sb, 2l marriage certificate.

LINTHER, V, to make fast the end of a warp so that it can be
woven close and finished.

LIPPEN, V. to expect, to calculate.

Collier. Hoo towd me hoo lipp^nt hur feythur wur tumt

'750. strackUn'. Works, p. 68.

Waugh. Eawr Tummy's at th* fair, where he lippens

^^59- O' swappin* his cowt for gowd.

Lanc» Songs: Yestemeet,

Ibid. Aw lippen on him breighkin* his neck some o* these

1868. days. Sneck-Bant, c. ii., p. 25.

Ibid. Hoo HppenU o* bein* wed, yo known — but it fell

*S79« through. Chimney Corner^ p. 27.

LISH (Fylde and N. Lane), adj, smart, active, nimble. Cf. E. lithe.

Dr. Barber. Afooar t* men gat down, a lish young fella hed setten

*^7o. off on horseback to tell *im. Forness Folk, p. 48.

LISK (N. Lane), sb, the groin.

LITHE, V. to thicken broth or soup with oatmeal or flour.

Waugh. There'll be broth to-mom, weel litheU, an plenty o*

*^^5« pot-yarbs in 'em. Besom Ben, c. i., p. 15.

^' ^*g?^^* The old woman was engaged in ^Uithing" the broth,

^' when her spouse rushed m to tell her dreadful tidings.

" Whatever s to do neaw?" she exclaimed, hurriedly
placing the Hiking bowl on the hob.

Marlocks of Merriton, p. 69.

LITHER, adj, idle, lazy. See LitherdHidi Luther in Spec of English.

Miss Lahbb. Theyr*n too farrently litker to give a gradely deawnfo*

^875. an' be done wi' it.

Robin o* Dick^s Ckarity Coat, p. 12.

Waugh. Well, thou knows, Ben were olez to lUker to wortch,

'*79' fro bein' a lad. Chimney Comer, p. 278.

Ibid. Lither folk wi* their stomachs so dainty.

They wanten their proven made fine.

Ibid,, p. 234.

LIVEN, V, plural of live.

Waugh. Thae's wit enough to know

x8S9. That daisies liven weel

Where tulips connot grow.

Lane, Songs : God Bless thi Silver Yure,

Ij"g' ** Little lads o* groon into fellys ; don't they, mam?"

* **Ay, if they liven, my love," answered Betty, in a

quiet tone. Sneck-Bant, c. ill., p. 53.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 85

LOADEN, V, to load.

LOANE, $b. a lane. A.S. Idne^ lone.

*^8*' William Hunt fined one shilling for keeping geese in

the hatus, — Bailiff"* s minute-book^ Fishwtck^s Hist* of
Kirkham^ p. 20.

^* ^"JJ*^*^* His shirt no lad would ha punced if he*d seen it lyin'

"^^ i* th' hane. Ab-o'-tK- Yate in London, p. 19.

LOAVE (N. Lane), v. to offer.

LOB, sd, a clown, a clumsy fellow. W. I/odf an unwieldy lump ;
also a blockhead.

Rev. W. Gaskbll. We sometimes hear a heavy clumsy man called " a

1854- great /ob of a felley." Lect, Lane, Dialect, p. 13.

LOB (Ormskirk), sb, an assistant gamekeeper.

LOB, V* to run with a long and irregular stride. Cf. Dan. lobe^ to run.

LOBCOCK, $b, a great, idle, young person.

LOBSCOUSE, sb, a dish consisting of hashed meat, cooked with
potatoes and onions.

Waugh. Aw*m partial to butcher's chips ; aw wish they wer'n

^^5- abeaut twopence a peawnd ; we'd oather ha' lobscouse, or

beef-bo', every day, bi go 1 Besom Ben, c. i., p. 15.

LOBSIDED, adj\ on one side, out of proportion.

Coll. Use. He's a lobsided sort of a chap — body an* moind,

"^"- booeth (both).

LOCK (N. Lane), sb. a quantity.

LOIT, adj, few.

Waugh. "It's close upo' puddin'-time," said the old man.

X869. •< it»u be within a light minutes o' noon, aw'll be bund."

Yeth'Bobs, c. iii., p. 47.

B. Bribrlby. If anybody had axt me heaw mony friends I had, I

"870- should ha* bm bothered to ha' said how loit,

Ab'd'th'- Yate on Times and Things, p, 48.

LOLLOPIN*, part, loose, hanging, limp.

Waugh. Thou greight, o'er-grown, idle, lollopin* hount (hound) !

*^79' Chimney Comer, p. 153.

LOMPER, V. to walk heavily.

LONDON-BOBS (Calder Vale, near Garstang), sb. Sweet WilUam.

LONG-SETTLE, ] sb. a sofa with a high wooden back. A.S. setly
LUNG-SETTLE, | a seat.

Waugh. Old Sam, the landlord, sat quietly smoking on the

^^55' long-settle, in a nook by the fireside.

Lane, Sketches, p. 23.

Ibid. Come thi' ways to th' fire. There's plenty o' reawm

*876' [room] upo' th* lung-sattle here. — Hermit Cobbler, p. 3a.

1 86 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

LONK, sb, a Lancashire-bred sheep.
LOOK-AFTER, v. to watch, to attend to.

Coll. Use. Aw'U look-after thi, my lad; tha'U not get so far

^^^^' without me knowin*.

LOPE, V, leapt. See Leop in Spec, of Eng.

Waugh. Turn Rindle lope fro* th* chimbley-nook.

'^59- Lane, Songs : Turn Rindle,

LOPPER, V. to boil slowly.

LOPPERIN'.

Waugh. iVe bin wheer there*s roast an* boiled — an* a lopperit^

*^79' stew, that it would make a mon's yure curl to smell at.

Chimney Comer, 126.

LOPPERT-MILK, sh, boiled milk or curdled milk.

LOPPERT, part, coagulated, clotted.

LORRY or )

I IJRR Y [ ^^' ^ lo^g <^2^> without sides, and with four wheels.

LORRY, V, to pull or drag a person along against his will.

Coll. Usb. Aw*l not be lorried in that way oather by thee or

*^^'' onybody else.

LOSSY, adj. unprofitable, causing waste.

Coll. Use. These potatoes are very lossy ; aw have to cut haaf on

1881. >gm away.

LOTCHIN', V, limping.

LOUND (N. Lane), adj, calm, or out of the wind Icel. logn^
Swed. lugn^ calm, said of weather.

LOUNDER (N. Lane), v. to lounge idly about,

LOUP, V, to leap.

LOOVER, ) '^- ^ chimney.

LOW, sb, a flame. Icel. log^ a flame.

LOWK (Fylde and N. Lane), v, to weed. Icel. M, a weed; A.S.
lyccan, to pull, weed.

LOWMOST, adj, lowest.

Waugh. The fire was dying out in the lowmost bars of the

1865. grate. Besom Ben, c ix., p. no.

LOW-SIZED, adj. little, short of stature.
LOZZUCK, V. to loll, to rest idly.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 87

LUG, sb, the ear. Cf. Swed. lugg, the fore-lock.

LUG, V, to pull the hair. Swed lugga^ to pull by the hair; lugg,
the fore-lock.

John Scholes. Hoo pood his ears for him, an lugged him reel weel

^^57. when hoo found eawt. Jaunt to see th^ Queen, p. 61,

Waugh. " That big un*s gone an* cut every smite o* th' lad's

^867. toppin' off." " WeU," said the elder lad, "Aw did it

so as nobody could lug him." And it certainly was a
close clip. Ifome Life Factory Folk, c. xx., p. 178.

LUM, sb, a chimney.
LUM, sb, a deep pool.

LUMBER, sb, mischief.

B. Brierley. I begin to think I shall never see Walmsley Fowt no

1869. moore, for if I dunno' get lost, or kilt, or takken up for

dooin* summat I never intended dooin', I shall be i'
lumber o* some sort. — Ab-o^-th- Vote in London, p. 49.

Waugh. "What's keepm' Robin till this time o'th' neet?" I

'876- hope he hasnt getten into lumber, for he's hardly to be

trusted on a market day — as owd as he is.

Hermit Cobbler, p. 12.

LUNGE, V, to strike heavily.

Coll. Use. He lunged out wi' his fists to some tune, aw con tell

"88'. yo.

LUNGEOUS, adj. rough and clumsy. ^ See Lounge and Lunge in
Skeat's Etym. Diet.

John Scholes. Weft into th' jrung rascot. Maw hont's raythur too

*857- lunjus, or aw'd ge'et him to some bant.

Jaunt to See tK Queen, p. 29.

Waugh. He leet fly at Antony wi' a greight strap 'at he had,

'^79. an' he said, " Hasto catched that?" "Come, give

o'er 1" said Antony, ** give o'er ; yo're too lungous /"

Chimney Comer, p. 161.

LUNG-LENGTH, adv. See Lang-length.
LURCHER, sb. one who lurks ; also a kind of dog.
LURDEN, sb. an idle fellow.

About 1390. He loketh al lour3mg, and lordein hym calleth.

F. Flowman, c. vi. 163.

LURRY, V* to drag, to. pull ; lurried, dragged along. See Lorry.

LUTCH, V. to pulsate y lutchin\ pulsating painfully, as in a tumour,
or in tooth-ache.

Waugh. It steawnges an' lutches to that degree that I sometimes

"®79- ^h my yed would fly straight off".

Chimney Corner^ p. v^V
N

1 88 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

M.

MACK (N. Lane), sb. 2l maggot. Mid. Eng. mawk. See Mawkish
in Skeat's Etym. Diet

MADDLE, V. to confuse, to irritate ; parallel to madden.

Waugh. Make a less din, childer, win yo : for my yed's fait

"^7. maddUU wi one thing an* another.

Home Life of Factory Folk, c. xix., p. 165.

Dr. Barbbr. They wor £Edrly maddlet amang it, an* gev it up as a

1870. j)ad job. Fomess Folk, p. 20.

MADLIN', sb, a flighty, extravagant person.
MADLOCK, sb, a wild, giddy person. From mad,
MAES, V, makes. See May.
MAFFLE, V. to hesitate, to falter, to stammer, to mumble.

MAFFLEMENT, 1 "*' hesitation, dilatoriness.

Waugh. He're a fine, straight-forrud mon, wi* no maffle abeawt

or o* his quare, cranky ways.
Lane, Sketches: Cottage of Tim Bobbin, p. 55.

Ibid. " Come noo,'* said the landlord, ** I like that !

»874- There's nae mafflement aboot it. ^^—Jannock, c. v. , p. 34.

MAFFLEHORN, sb, an incapable, blundering, inefficient person.

MAID (N. Lane), ) sb, a clothes-horse. See Tamsin in Pegge's
MAIDEN (S. Lane), J Kenticisms.

Waugh. Aw iron*t o* my clooas reet weel,

^859* An* aw hanged 'em o* th* maiden to dry.

Lane, Songs: Come Whoam to thi Childer,

MAIKIN (N. Lane), sb. the common yellow iris. Iris psmdacorus,
MAIN-SHORE, sb. the principal sewer in a street

MAK, sb. sort, kind, appearance.

B. Bribrlsy. What sort o' sons an' dowters-in-lawhast getten? Are

x866. they of a farrantly mcJil

Red Windows Hall, c. xiv., p. 107,

Waugh. Th' shopkeepers an' th' ale-heawses are in for it as ill

1867. as ony mcM. — tlome Life of Factory Folk, c. ii., p. 21.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 89

MAKE, V. to fasten. Shakspere uses the word in this sense : Com,
Errors^ iii. i. 93 4 As You Like It^ iv. L 162.

Coll. Use. It*s toime we wur gooin* to-bed. Hasto made aw

**^* t' durs (doors) ?

MAM, sb, mother. W. mam. See Mamma in Skeat's Etym. Diet.

B. Bribrlbv. Well, an* heaw hmg*s thy mam bin deead ?

'^^ Iridale, c. i., p. 42,

MANGY (Ormskirk), adj, ill-tempered, peevish,

MANIGATE (Ormskirk), sb. a straight road over bog or moss land.

MANK, sb. a sportive trick.

Waugh. " Neaw for a mcmkT* said Ben, as he drew the patient

^^^' companion of his wanderings under the rope.

^ ^ Besom B^X^^.V'^i'

MAPMENT (N. Lane), sb, nonsense.

A. C Gibson. Mapment^ Martha, mapmeni ! Thow kna'sn't what

<High Furn^ Dialect) ^i^^^ ^y%.-^Faik-Speech of Cumberland, &>€., p. 86.

MAPPEN (N. Lane), adv, perhaps, possibly. See Mebbe and
Happen.

Dr. Barbbr. He seed a woman liggin deead, which put him in a

1870. gj^^j pucker, for she'd mappen bin murder d or summat

o' t* mak, Formess Folk, p. 31.

MARKET-FRESH, sk a stage of inebriation.

MARLOCK, sb, a playfill trick, a prank, a game, a joke, fun,
mischief. Probably = merry lark.

CoLUBR. He made sitch mariocks that if I'd naw bin i' that

'750- yfoio pickle I'st a bross'n wi' laughin'. — Works, p. 70.

Waugh. Aw'll bet tho a hawpenny he*s done it for a marlock,

*^5« Besom Ben, c. ii, p. 28.

fi. Bribrlby. He'd be makin' o' sdearts o' mariocks wi' th' bedclooas

1868. ^m> cheers an' drawers, tumblin' 'em o' of a rook like an'

owd goods-shop. Irkdale, c. L, p. 47.

MARLOCK, % to play. The suffix -lock is clearly the same as laik
or lake^ to play. South E. lark.

Ramsbottobi. Ther'U nobMy tak yo into th^ cloof,

X864. p^ jg^ yQ lomp an marlock theer.

Lane. Rhymes, p. 99.

Waugh. He's been marlockin^ at th' front, wi' two or three

x866. jjjQjg ^Qjjjj Littlewood Schoo'.

Ben an^ tJC Bantam, c. iv., p. 84.

MARRIAGE-LINES, sb. the certificate of marriage.

MARROW, sb. a match, a mate, an equal ; also likeness, resem-
blance.

X440' Marwe, or felawe yn travayle or mate.

Promp. Parv..

igO LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

TussBR. Though buieng and selling doth woonderful well,

^^^^ To such as have skill how to buie and to sell :

Yet chopping and changing I cannot commend.
With theefe and his marrow^ for fear of ill end.

Chap. 57, St. 40.

Waugh. Hoo'll never meet thy marrow,

'^SQ- For mony a summer day.

Lane, Songs: What Ails Thee.

Ibid. Eh, Ben, onybody may know who's chylt this is. He's

^^^' just thy marrow to nought, temper, an' o'.

Sneck'Bani, c. iii., p. 51.

Miss Laheb. His curls lay quite flat, like a parson, so ut he wor th'

'^70' marrotv ov his brother Dick. Owd Yem, p. 15.

MASH (Ormskirk), sb, a large quantity.

MAULP, \ sb, a bullfinch. The low, plaintive cry of the wild
MAWP, J bullfinch sounds not unlike mope or moup. In the

Fylde district, maup is the common name for the blue-tit, and

Spink for that of the bullfinch,

i673« Payd for maulpp taken 38 in Rostheme, 79 in High

Leigh, 63 in Overtabley ; for every malpe id. ; the whole
number 180 : o. 15s. ad.

Rostheme Churchwardens^ Accounts,

MAWKIN, sb, a scarecrow. Rob-mawkin is a poor fellow who
exchanges his hat or coat for that which has been used for a
scarecrow.

MAWKIN, sb, a slattern. See Grimalkin in Skeat's Etym. Diet

Waugh. He co'de her a mismanner't daggle-tail an* a mawkin\

^^76. Manchester Critic, March 31.

MAY, V, make. See Maes. Hampole (a.d. 1340) has mas for
makes, Pricke of Conscience^ lines 255 and 702, and mase^ 1. 242.
See also Sir Gawayne (a.d. 1320), 1. 106, "Much mirthe he
mcts with alle."

Waugh. Thae mays mo war [worse] nor aw am,, wi' thi talk.

'^7- Owd Blanket, c. i., p. 18.

MAY-FLOWER, sb, the lady-smock. Cardamine pratensis.
MAZZERT, excessively vexed.

Coll. Use. He'd his best Sunday black on, and he came smack

'^^' i'th' slutch and he wur mazzert, I'll a-wamt yo.

MAZZLIN*, adj, confused, foolish. See Maze in Skeat's Etym. Diet.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. I9I

MEBBE (may-be), adv, perhaps.

MEEM AW, sh an antic or grotesque action or expression of face \ an
affected manner. See Mow (3), a grimace, in Skeat's Etym. Diet.

Yf )>on make mawes on any wyse,
A velany jHjn kacches or euer pon rise.

Book o Curtasye, Sloane, 1986 (Fumivairs Manners

and Meals, p. 300).

Waugh. «< A*wm noather partial to th' teawn nor teawn*s folk,"

^^^* said Randal. " Nor me noather," replied Ben. **They'n

too mony meemaws abeawt 'em for me."

Sneck'Bantf c. ii., p. 34.

MEETEN, V, pL of meet.

Waugh. I»U tell tho moore when we meeten again.

'^79- Chimney Corner^ p. 200.

MEETERLY, adv. tolerably well, comfortably. Literally "mea-
surably," from the verb to mete.

Collier. Mary: That wur clever too; wur it naw? Thomas:

1750. Yigh, meeterly. Works, p. 47.

B. BRreRLBY. "Well, Mary, heaw art ta wench?" *^Meeterly, Jone ;

'^^* heaw art theaw?" was the widow's response. **Well,

a'wm meeierly as theaw ses, considerin* like."

Lane, Tales and Sketches, p. 127.

Waugh. They'n getten meeterly weel sarv't this time.

'^7- Owd Blanket, c. iii, p. 52.

MEEVERLY, adv, modestly, gently, handsomely. '^

Collier. Aw carrid mesell meety meeverly too, an' did as yo

'750. bidd'n meh. Works, p. 37.

John Scholes. Aw thowt aw'd nare sin hur lookin' more meeverly,

*^57. Jaunt to see th* Queen, p. 14.

MEIGHT, sb, meat.

Waugh. Fat I Yo connot ha' good meight beawt fat.

^^79- Chimney Comer, p. 221.

MELCH, adj, moist and warm.

Waugh. "Nice melch mak o' a momin'." "Grand groo-

'^79» weather, for sure. Weet an' warm, like Owdham

brewis." Chimney Comer, p. 113.

MELDER (N. Lane), sb, a quantity.

J. p. Morris. Under a pile o' hay they fand a melder o* meeal — girt

^^7- seeks full. Invasion <?' IPston, p. 5.

MELL, V, to meddle, to have to do with. The M. E. verb medlen^ often
spelt mellen^ means " to mix." See Meddle in Skeat's Etym. Diet.

Chaucer. Now let me melle therwith but a while.

'3^' Chanoune Yemannes Tale^ U i^v

192

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Shakspbrb.
1597-

And say a soldier, Dian, told thee this^
Men are to null widi, boys are not to kiss.

Lovers Z. Z.^ iv. iii. 257,

About X40(v

In Whalley Church there are eighteen antique oak
stalh from the dismantled abbey, eadi with its quaintly-
carved •* miserere " or folding seat, under which, m
admirable workmanship-, grotesque figures are sculptured,
with ludicrous jokes — for whicm the holy men seem to
have had a remarkably keen appetite. Among the most
noticeable is one representing a man forcibly shoeing a
goose, with the inscription

Woso melles of wat men dos»

Let him cum hier anoT^oe the ghos»

MELL (Fylde and N. Lane), sb. a mallet.
MENSEFUL, adj, managing, creditable.

Waugk.

1874.

It'll be a sham [shame] if we connot find him a mensefid
bit of a dinner^ Jannock, c. ii., p. 13.

MET, V. might

Waugh.
x«67.

Ben kissed her again. "Eh, Ben," said she, "do
give o'er I Thae met be sweetheartin'."

Owd Blanket^ c. i., p. 24*

MEXEN, V, to cleanse a stable or shippon. Literally to clean a
mixeriy as it is called. Tennyson uses mixen for a midden : " And
cast it on the mixen that it die.*' — Enidy 1. 672.

Collier. I think t' be an ostler, for I con mes^n^. keem, or fettle

'^so* tits as weel as ony one on um. Works, p. 71*

MEZZILrFACE, sh. a fiery face> full of red pimples.

MICKLETH 1 ^^' ^^^» ^"^^ ^*^' ntycely great.

" That wur indeed a strange brid," said Bangle; "but
ot mickle wur it, and wot wur it like i' shap ?'

Life of Radical, vol. i., p. 133.

That's just th' length an' bradth on't to th' mickleth of
a yure. Red Windows Hall, c. v., p. 38.

MIDDEN, sb, a heap of dung or refuse; the ashpit at one time
commonly attached to most houses in Lancashire. Dan. moddmg,
a dunghill

A fouler mydding saw thow never nane.

PrickeofCyL 628.

The myddyng, sette it wete as it may rote.
And saver nought eke sette it ought of sight
The sede of thorn in k wol d<ede and dote.

Bampord.
z84a

B. Bribrlev.
z866.

wot

Hampolb,.
1340*

Palladium
1420.

Waugh.
1879.

He leet eo th' rope, an' roll't oflf th' slate into a
midden at tV back o' th' house.

Chimney Comer, p. 297.

MIDDEN-HOLE, sb, the receptacle for dung.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 93

MIDDEN-STID, sb. a place for dung.

MIDDLE, sb. the waist, the middle part of the body.

Coll. Use. i. He wur up to his middle i' watter (water).

'^®*- 2. He geet him by th' middU an' pitch'd him upo* th*

floor.

MIDGE, sb. anjrthing very small

Coll. Use. " Jone wur married o* Monday. Hasto seen his

1881. woife? " " Aye, hoo's nowt but a midge.^^ " Hoo is a

little un, for sure."

MIMP, adj. prim, precise, affected.

MINDER, sb. the name given to one of the workers in a spinning mill.

MISTAL, sb. a cowhouse = mist-stall ; mist = dung.

MITS, sb.pl. a woollen covering for the hands which leave the
fingers and half the thumb bare; also strong leathern gloves
without partitions for the fingers, used when hanging thorns and
prickly shrubs, or repairing fences. See Mittens in ^eat^s Etym.
Diet.

MIZZY, sb. a soft, boggy place ; allied to mist in mist-stalL
MOITHe'r I ^^ ^nibarrass, to confuse, to perplex.

Collier. Neaw aw*r so strackt woode, I'r arronly moydert,

'750- Works, p. 58.

Waugh. Aw declare it's enough to moighder a stoa*-fuut (the

1868. jgg q|- ^ stool). Sneck'Bant, c iii., p. 50.

B. Bribrley. Aw b^;un o* thinkin' till aw*re welly tnoidert,

'^^ Irkdale, c. i., p. 50.

Dr. Barber. At t* end of o' they wor fairly tnoidert amang it, and

1870. gg^ it up as a bad job, Fomess Folk, pt 20.

MOLLART, sb. a mop for a baker*s oven. Cf. tnalkin^ the old name.
MOOF I ^^' ^ hay-mow. See Mom (2) in Skeat's Etym. Diet.

MOO'D, crowded, stowed to an inconvenient pitch, put away.
Articles laid by to be out of the way are said to be pwoed up.

MOOIN', putting hay on the mow.

MOONLEET-FLITTIN', sb. the stealthy removal of household
furniture in the night to avoid payment of rent.

Coll. Use. Aw met a cart i' th loan — ^they wouldn't speyk (speak) —

'°^'* it wur some*dy makkin a inoonleet-Jlittin\

MOOT, ) ^, ...

Collier. That moot be, sed I, for after theau laft me eawr

'^^o* Seroh browt me meh supper, an' hoo m^tt leave it

oppen-. Works, p. 70.

194 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

MOOTER, sb. mill-toll ; a quantity of meal or flour taken by the
miller as his due for grinding. Latin molitura; Fr. mouturcy
spelt moulture in Cotgrave*

MOPSY, sb. a slattern.

MORNIN*-PIECE, sb. a small piece of bread taken before going
to work in the morning.

Coll. Usb. When aw come deawn stairs aw awlus foind mi momin^-

*®®** piece on th' table; mi mother puts it eawt before hoo

goos to bed.

MORT^m [ ^^» 3- rustic dance.

Bamford. My new shoon they are so good,

^®^9* I could dance Morris if I would ;

And if hat and sark be drest,
I will dance Morris with the best. Early Days.

MORT, sb. a lot, a quantity.

Rev. W. Gaskbll. We sometimes hear a Lancashire man talk of a **fnort

^^54- of people," or a ** mart of things."

Lect, Lane. Dialect^ p. 30.

MOSS-CROP, sb. cotton-grass. Eriophorum.

Waugh. Three neet-geawns o*th best gray calico, an* they wur

^867' eawt i' eawr yard, bleachin', nearly a fortnit, till they wur

as white as a moss-crop. — Owd Blanket ^ c. iii., p. 72.

MOT (N. Lane), ) sb. a word. Fr. mot^ the same word as ItaL
MOTTY (S. Lane), J motto.

Waugh. He couldn't bide a minute longer beawt puttin' his

»879- motty in. Chimney Comer, p. 355.

MOTHERIN', part, the visiting of parents by their children on
Mid-lent Sunday — an ancient custom. Mid-lent Sunday is also
called **Motherin' Sunday."

MOTH-ULLET (Lytham), sb. a small butterfly = moth-owlet.

MOTTY, sb. an aggregate of small deposits of money ; a kind of
small money club.

MOW, V. to cover up, to heap together. See Moo and Moo*d.
MOWDYWARP, sb. the mole. IceL moldvarpa.

Collier. Hoo's as fat as a snig, an* as smoot as a mowdywarp.

'750- Works, p. 57.

Waugh. Eh, he has bin gooin* on I He's getten a mowdiwarp

1867. jjj ijjg pocket. Owd Blanket, c. iii., p. 76.

MOZZLY (Oldham), adj. Equivalent to muggy : damp, warm, and
heavy. Used as follows : Butcher says " he never knew such
bad-keeping weather as there has been this back-end, it has been
so moist and mozziy^ and it turns the meat foist."

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 95

MUCK, V. to manure.

Waugh. Like Jerry o' th* Knowe, 'ut muck^t wi* sond, an' drain't

1879. ^» cinders. Chimney Comer, p. 195.

MUCKOT (Rossendale), sb. a tub or vessel carried between two
men, and used for bearing manure to hilly ground. Also, a name
given in derision to a naughty boy.

MUCK-SWEAT, sh a state of great anxiety.

Coll. Use. I wur o* of a muck-sweat to know what'd coom ov her.

x88o.

MULL (N. Lane), sh, dust Swed. mulL

SSllocks, 1 (Fyi**^)' '^- ^'•°'^«'» ^-

MULLOCK (Ormskirk), sh, a bundle of dirty clothes.

MUMP, V, to thump, to beat.

MUMPS, sb. sulkiness. See Mump in Skeat's Etym. Diet.

MUN (N. Lane), sb. the mouth. Icel. munnr. See Mouth in Skeafs
Etym. Diet

MUN )

MUNT I ^* "^^st. Icel. munu.

Collier. I asht 'im whot way eh muni gooa ? On he towd meh.

'750. Worksy p. 47.

Waugh. It will not do, my lass ! Go aw mun !

^^7' Home Life of Factory Folk, c. xxii., p. 195.

MUNGE, V. See Meawnge.

MURTH, sb. a large quantity or number. Another form of mort.

MUSE, sb, a gap for game ; a run in a hedge for rabbits or other
game. Old Fr. mussette. Shakspere, Venus and Adonis^ line 683,
referring to the hare, speaks of " the many musets through the
which he goes.

MUSICIANER, sb, a musician ; one who plays upon an instrument

Waugh. An* thee, too, owd musictaner, —

Aw wish lung life to thee, —
A mon that plays a fiddle weel
Should never awse to dee !
_ ____ Lane, Songs: Eawr Folk,

MUX, V, must ^

Waugh. If I mut ha my mind, you would ha* to dangle at th*

^^79- end of a bant. Chimney Comer, p. 30.

MUZZY, adj, sleepy, dull ; also bemused with liquor.

MYCHIN, part, pining, out of humour. The same, probably, as
Shakspere's miching. See Mich^ to skulk, hide, play truant, in
Skeat's Etym. Diet

196 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

N.

NAG, V. to torment or irritate with the tongue, to scold incessantly.
Icel. nagUy to gnaw.

Dr. Barber. T' aad fella said she was olas terble reedan ; he let her

^^70- knag away. Famess Folk, p. 37.

Coll. Use. jje's awlas tiaggirC at me ; aw *ve no peace o* mi loife.

NAG AS (N. Lane), $b, a greedy, stingy person.

NAGGLE, V. to gnaw. IceL naga^ to gnaw.

NAGNAIL, sh» a sore, caused by the peeling of the skin from the
roots of the finger nail.

NANGNAIL (Ormskirk), sh, a tyrant ; an ill-tempered, troublesome
person.

NANNY, sb, a she-goat; generally takes the form — "Nanny-goat"

NAP-AT-NOON (N. Lane), sb. the purple goat's-beard {Trapogon
porrifoliuSy Linnaeus), which opens its flowers only in the fore-
noon, after which they close.

NAPLINS, sb.pL small round coal, as distinguished from the cob
and slack or dust Also, **Nibblins.'*

Waugh. These coals are noan so good as t'other. We's ha to

1866. ^yy another pit th' next time. Put some naf>Hm under

that pon. Ben arC th^ Bantam, c. li., p. 30.

NAPPERN, sb. an apron (Whittaker). See Appern.

Spenser. And put before his lap a napron white.

'S90- /r. Queene, Bk. V., c. v., st 20.

NAPPY, adj, merry, joyous, under the influence of liquor.
NAR, adj, and adv. nearer ; superl. narst

Spenser. To Kirke the narre, from God more farre,

^579' Has bene an old-sayd sawe.

Shepheardes Calender: July.

John Scholes. Aw hardly know iv aw awt to ventiur ony narr, yor

'^57- look*n so smart. Jaunt to See th' Queen, p. 19.

Waugh. " It's o' reet ! " said th' singers, in a whisper. ** He's

1867. better nor expectation 1 " an' they begun a-drawin' nar

to th' heawse. Owd Blanket, c. iv., p. 95.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 97

B. Bribrlby. If eaur Dick wur t* dee, aw should feel as if aw wanted

^^^' to goo i' th* coffin wi* him, isted o' letten somb*dy else be

nar to him nor me. Irkdale, c. xiii., p. 198.

Waugh. " By th* mon,'* cried one of them, ** aw believe that

'^7» chap *s th* narst ov ony on us," Dulesgate^ p. 24.

NATTER, V. to nibble, to bite; also to tease, to irritate. IceL
gnaddaj to murmur, to vex; also, knetta, to grumble; see
Appendix to Vigfusson's Icelandic Dictionary.

Coll. Use. i. Hello, there's bin a mouse i' th' bread -mug; sitho

*^*- heaw this loafs nattered,

2. Aye he's a natteritC soart of a chap^they'U nobody
ha' mich rest as is near him.

Waugh. Hoo're as hondsome a filly as mortal e'er see'd,

*^7S. But hoo coom of a racklesome, natteritC breed.

Old Cronies i c. v., p. 50.

NATTLE, adj. irritable, touchy, cross.

Waugh. But aw're mazy, an' nattle, an' fasten't to tell

^^59- What the dule it could be, that're ailin' mysel'.

Lane, Songs: Jamiis Frolic*

lB">- " Eh, Sam," I said, " thou's never bm nettlin' of a

*^7. Sunday again, hasto ? " " Why, what for ? " he said, as

nattle as could be. " They groon on a Sunday, donnot
they?" Tattlin' Matty, c. i., p. 14.

lBn>. He's a quare un, is tat. Terrible nattle betimes ; but

^^^* noan o' th* warst mak for o' that.

Sneck-Bant, c. ii., p. 25.

Miss Lahbb. Jinny begun, for th' first toime, to think at folks had

'*^S' bin laughin' at her, an' hoo geet ra3rther nattle, an'

wouldn't eyt no mocwr. Betty 0* Yep^s Tale, p. 27.

NATTY, adj. neat, handy.

TussBR. How fine and how nettie

'5^ Good huswife should iettie,

From morning to night. Husbandrie, 68, I.

Coll. Use. He's a rare mon to have abeawt th' heawse — ^he's so

1881. natty at a bit o' joinerin' an' that soart o' wark.

NATURE, sb. softness, kindliness, when applied to the texture of
cloth ; nutritive quality, when applied to food.

CoLL.UsB. 1. It's a noice bit o' cloth this, mon; there's some

"^^- nature in it.

2. Aw wouldn't gi' tuppence a pound for stuflf loike
that. It'll fill no bsdlies (bellies) ; there's no nature in it.

NAYTHER (N. Lane.), ] ^ .,,

NOATHER (S. Lane), K''^' "^^*^^'-

Waugh. Hoo's noather feyther nor mother.

'^^7. Home Life of Factory Folk^ c xxi„ p. 185.

198

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

NAZZY, adj, peevish, cross, short-tempered.

Coll. Use. Dunnot speyk to him — ^he*s as nazzy as he can hutch

^®^** (as peevish as it is possible for him to be).

NEATRIL, sb, a bom fool, a natural " He*s a nattral foo' " is a

common phrase.

Collier.
1750.

Ibid.

John Scholes.
1857.

NEAVE (S. Lane), \
NEYVE „
NEAF (N. Lane),

Shakspbrb.

Mary: " Eh, Tummus ! Aw deawt team mayin* a
parfit neatril on yo." Thomas: " A neatril? Eigh, th'
big'st at ever wur made sin Cain kilt Abel."

Works, p. 58.

I stoode like a gawmblin or a parfect ne<Uril till welly
day. Worksy p. 69.

He mun be o pure neatril^ hoo sed ; did he think ut a
pow [pole] could stond on th* woint [wind].

Jaunt to See tIC Queen, p. 25.

sb, the fist. Icel. hnefi, the fist ; Swed. nafve ;
Dan. ncBve. The word is not found in A.S.
or Ger.

Give me your neaf, Mounsier Mustardseed.

Mid, N, Dream, iv. i. 20.

Collier.
1750.

Shaw.
1853.

John Scholes.
1857.

Miss Lahbb.
1865.

Dr. Barber.
1870.

I up weh meh gripp*n neave, on hit him o good wherrit
o* th* yeear [in the ear]. Works, p. 59.

My kneoves wum gript, my yure stood still,
Aw durst na hardly look.
Lancashire Muse : Sequel to Tim Bobbin* s Grave,

Aw giv hur sich o grip o* mi neyve as hoo never feldt
afore. Jaunt to See th* Queen, p. 12.

Tha*s nare bin bout nother sugar nor butter ; nor tha
nare shall be whol aw've kneaves o* th* end o* mi arms.

Carter^ s Struggles, c, vi., p. 39.

He darted his neeaf down aside on it, to bring out a
girt slapper. Fomess Folk, p. 40.

NEB, sb. the nose. A.S. nebb^ the face, John xi. 44 ; Du. neb^ bill,
beak, nib, mouth.

Waugh. "Win ye bring me some?" said a little, light-haired

^^T' lass, holding up her rosy neb to the soup-master.

Home Life of Lancashire Factory Folk, c. vii., p. 62.

NEB, sb, the peak of a hat, cap, or bonnet, the edge of a cake.
In Shakspere, the bill of a bird — " Go to, go to ! How she
holds up the neb, the bill to him !" — Winter's Tale, i. ii. 182.

What soart of a cap had he on? Blue cloth, wi' a
shoiny neb.

Coll. Use.
x88z.

NECK (Fylde), v, to beat, as a watch.

NECK-HOLE, sb, the nape of the neck.

Coll. Use. Put that umbrella deawn — th* waater's runnin' into mi

Tieck-hole,

x88x.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 1 99

NECKLIN', part, to clatter, as with iron pattens on a stone floor.

B-BRJ?^^- Nanny's pattens were heard ^^ neckling^* over the

^^^- kitchen flags. /r>&^^, c. ii., p. 73.

NECK-OR-NOWT, ad. entirely, altogether. Literally up to the
neck or not at all.

Coll. Use. Aw'm in for it neaw — neck-or-nowt.

x88x.

NED, V. needed.

Bamford. I hanno ned it=I have not needed it; nedno^ needed

^^54* not ; nedn^ we needed ; nednno, we needed not.

Dialect of S, Lancashire^ p. 205.

Ramsbottom. We took no thowt wi* th* childher ill,

^^^4. Bo geet em what they ned fro' th' teawn.

Lane. Rhymes y p. 51.

NEE, adv. near. A.S. nedhy nth ; Mid. Eng. neh, neih^ ney^ nigh.

NEELD, sb. a needle.

John Scholes. Hur hussif [her needle-case, called a ** housewife "] wur

^857' eawt, un hur neeld thredud e quick toime.

Jaunt to See th^ Queen, p. 47.

Ramsbottom. Well, want yo pins or neelcb to-day,

^^^' Or buttons, threed, or hooks an eyes ?

Lane. Rhymes, p. 54.

NEET, sh. pron. of night

Waugh. <« Good neet, Matty," said I, walking out of the garden

1867. gj^^g t( Qood neet^ to yo ! " replied the old woman.

Tattlin' Matty, c. ii., p. 27.

NEET-CROW, sb. a night-bird. Figuratively a person fond of
staying up late.

Coll. Use. What a neet-crow thou art ! Get thee to bed ; tha'U

^^^^* never grow if ta stops up o' this ¥^y.

NEET-GLOOM, sb. the gloaming.

NEET-HAAK (N. Lane), sb. the night-jar. Caprimulgus Euro
pcsus.

NEMINIES, sb. the wind-flower. Anemone nemorosa. In Tennyson's
" Northern Farmer" the flower is called " Enemies" — ** Doon i'
the woild enemies.^^

NEPS, sb. pi. the dried flower-buds of lavender.

B. Bribrley. "Dost keep thy clooas i nepsV^ "Ay; aw awlus

^^^7. do." Red Windows Hall, c. xiv., p. iii.

Ibid. Ther Sunday clooas boxed up nicely wi' neps t'keep

^^8- »em sweet. IrkdcUe, c. x., p. 48.

Coll. Use. Aw've awlus a bunch o' lavender neps i' mi clooas

^^^*' drawer to keep th' moths away.

200 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

NESH, adj, tender, weak, delicate, soft. A.S. hnesc^ tender \ cf. IceL
hnjbskr.

Oaskbli.. a very expressive adjective (of which the current word

1854. « nice," in tne sense of ** dainty," has only half Uie force)

is neshy meaning weak and tender, not able to bear pain;
in Anglo-Saxon, **nesc" [correctly, hnesc^. Thomas
Wilson, in his Art of Rhetoric^ perhaps the earliest
writer on any such subject in the language, uses the
Lancashire noun, and writes, '*To be bom of woman
declares weakness of spirit, neshnese of body, and fickle-
ness of mind." Lect. Lane, Dialect ^ p. 20.

Coll. Use. Oh, he's too nesh for owt ; they*n browt him up that way.

XooX.

NEST-EGG, sb, an egg left in the nest for the purpose of inducing
the bird to lay. Figuratively a small sum of money kept back or
saved to induce further savings.

Coll. Use. Yore Jim's getten a nest-egg somewheer, aw'll be

^S8i. bound ; he's a saving chap.

NESTLE-COCK, sb. the nestling, the last child.

Waugh. My young'st brother, eawr Joe, deed wi' Nelson, at

*^9* Trafalgar. Eh, aw thought my mother would ha' brokken

her heart 1 He're like th' nestle-cock at eawr heawse.

Yet h- Bobs arC Scaplins^ c. i., p. 21.

Ibid. It seems that this lad — ^bein' th' nestle-cock — ^had been

1869. much marred when he wur yung, both bi his feyther an'

mother. Ibid,.^ c. ii., p. 37.

NETTLIN', sb, the act of gathering nettles.

Waugh. Thou's never bin nettlirC of a Sunday again, hasto ?

^^7. TattlifC Matty, c. i., p. 14.

NEVER-HEED, v, don't notice, take no care.

Coll. Usb. i. Tha mun never-heed what he says to thi. If ta does

*^^'- tha'll goo wrung.

2. Its roof (rough) wark, aw know ; but jog on, an

never-heed,

NEW-CATCH'D, adj\ raw, inexperienced.

Coll. Use. They'll make him believe owt. He's a new-caiclCd un.

x88i.

NEW-COME, adj, fresh, newly arrived.

Shakspere. a messenger with letters from the doctor

xS96« New-come from Padua. Merchant, iv. i. 108.

NEW-ON, adj, new, fresh. Applied to clothes.

Coll. Use. He's got everythin* new-on — ^it met be Ayster (Easter)

*^^*- Sunday.

NIBBLINS. See Naplins.

NIGGERT (N. Lane), sb, a piece of iron placed at the side of a
fire grate to contract its width and save coals.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 201

NINNYHAMMER, sd. a blockhead.

Collier. Yo'ar a ninnyhommer t*heed hur. JVarks, p. 72.

1750.

NIP, sd. a small portion of food or drink taken between meals.

NIPPER, sd, a carter's assistant ; a lad who accompanies a lurry or
cart.

NIT, sd, a small louse. A.S. kni^y Icel. nifry a louse.

TussBR. jjQt season be drie when ye take them to house,

'S^o* For danger of nittes, or for fear of a louse.

Husbandries 21, 23.

NOAG, V. to hit the knuckles by flirting a marble against them.

NOAG-HOLE, sb. a game at marbles.

NO AGUR, sb. an auger. A more correct form ; the n being original.
A.S. nafegdr, an auger.

NO AN, adj\y adv,y and/r^?. pronun. of none.

Waugh. Eh, thatll do noan^ lass. — Chimney Corner^ p. 143.

X879.

NOAN, sb, an aunt

NOATHER. See Nayther.

NOBBIN',/tfr/. striking the head.

NOBBUT, con, but, only, nothing-but (naught-but), a peculiar
negative or emphatic form of the conjunction but

B. Brierley. If th* rain*ll nobbtU keep oflf a bit, we*st get whoam

»868. beawt havin' a fither [feather] tumt.

IrkdaUi c. i., p. 36.

NOBRY, sb, nobody.

Waugh. Wi* a lot o* little childer yammerin' round tho, an*

»879' nobry to feight and fend for *em nobbut thisel*.

Chimney Comer ^ p. 144.

NODDLE-YED, sb, a person of loose, unsteady head or brain. A
curious instance of the duplication of a word. Wedgewood says
" the noddUy noddocky or niddock is properly the projecting part at
the back of the head, the nape of Uie neck, then ludicrously
used for the head itself."

NOGGIN, sb. a measure of liquid — the quarter of a pint What is
called a ''gill" is not in Lancashire the fourth part of a pint,
but the half of a pint There are therefore two noggins to the gill.

Coll. Use. " "What does ta say to a drop o' rum in us (our) tay ? '*

*^^^' *• Aye sure, let's have a noggin between us.'*

NOMINY, sb. a long, wordy, and tiresome speech.

202 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

NOMPION, sb. a leader, a great man.

NONSUCH, sb, one who is not to be equalled. Generally used in
irony — a "superior" person.

NOONIN', sb, the rest from labour at noon.

NOONSCAWPE, sb, rest taken at noon. See Noonin'.

NOPE (Fylde), sb. a small blow.

NOR, con, than.

*^' 1854^^*^^^^^' Lancashire people almost invariably use nor for than.

I have never been able to make out satisfactorily the
derivation of this ; but it seems to me not improbable that
it may have been originally the same as the Welsh no or
nogi which means " than." I give that very doubtfully.

Z^ct, Lane, Dialect, p. 1 1.

Waugh. Let thoose chaps go their ways whoam ; it would seem

^^^' 'em better nor sittin' slotchin' theer.

Sexton* s Story, p. n.

NOTCHEL, sb, a warning; to cry ** notchel" is to give notice that
a certain person or persons will not pay the debts of another
person.

NOTCHELS, sb.pl, fragments, broken meats, leavings of a feast.

NO-TIME, sb, a short time.

Coll. Use, Come, be sharp wi that baggin; thi fayther 'ill be here

1881. i» no-time,

NOUS, sb, sense and ability, combined with quickness of apprehen-
sion ; cleverness, combined with common sense. A word of
various import, and almost untranslatable. Similar in meaning to
the word gumption, Gk. wvs, mind ; a piece of university slang.

NOW, adv, pron. of no. Sometimes the sound is nearer to that of
nawe,

NOWMUN, sb, a term of contempt : possibly = no-man.

Waugh. Get tee forrud, wilto, nowmun; thae met ha' bin

^^55* deawn again by neaw.

Lane, Sketches: Bury to Rochdale, p. 29.

Ibid. An' there's mony a miserly nowmun

^8S9' At's deed ov a surfeit o gowd.

Lane, Songs: Tickle Times,

B. Bribrlbv. Peggy, after giving a glance at the stairs: "Theau

.»^>»

iRiERLEv. J^eggy, alter giving a glance at tne s

x868. great knowman ! Dost co this cleanin' ?

FrcUchingtons, p. 19.

NOWT, sb, nothing.
NOWT, adj, bad.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 203

NOWTY, adj. naughty.

Bam FORD. An' though he shift, unless he mend,

^^^' He's still a ncrwty felley. Homely Rhymes ^ p. 135.

NOZZLE, sh. the nose.

NOZZLE, ] V, to nestle, to lie close to. See Nuzzle in Skeat's
NUZZLE, I Etym. Diet.

NUMB, adj. stupid.

Coll. Use. He's oather new at his job, or a bit numb,

i88x. ^

NUMSKULL, sb, a stupid peison.

Coll. Use. Yo'll make nowt on him chuz what yo do. He's a

^^^^' regglar (regular) numskull,

NURR, sh, the ball beaten to and fro in the game of bandy. M.E.
knor^ a knot in a tree; O.Du. knorre^ a knot in wood, a hard
swelling, hence a hard ball. Similarly, Icel. knottti a ball (perhaps
the same as nurr) is allied to Icel. kniltr^ a knot

NYFLE, sb, a delicacy, a dainty.

Waugh. Aw guess thae's bin wearin' [spending] thi brass o' bits

^ ^' o' dainty nifles i' th' teawn. — Besom Ben, c. ix., p. 105.

Ibid. She took Betty's basket and crammed it with fruit,

^^^^* and with all sorts of sweet " nifles" to the ^eat delight

of Billy. Sneck-Banty c. iv., p. 89.

204 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

O.

O, adj, pron. of aU.

Waugh.1 " Is this 0^ aw mun have ?" said the lad, looking at the

^^- shiUing. **It*s o' thae mun have, my lad," said the

landlord. Ben arC tK Bantam^ c. iv., p. 8 1.

B- ^^?^^^^* Aw da* say hoo's gooin' t* leave him o* her brass.

^ Irkdale, c. xvii., p. 235.

O*, prep, on or upon ; also of.

Collier. I towd a pardl thumpin* lies purpose.

'7SO- Works, p. 73.

OANDURTH, sb. afternoon. Icel. undom.

Collier. He sowd it et Owdham that oandurth for twopence

'7So« hawpenny o peawnd. Works, p, 43,

GATHER, pro. pron. of either.

Waugh. Iv aw*d th* pikein' o' th* world to m3rser,

1859. Aw*d Gather ha' Jamie or noan.

Lane, Songs : The Dule^s € this Bonnet,

Ibid. They were'n o' on em oather yarb doctors or planet

^^^' rulers. Sneck Bant, c. ii., p. 29.

B. Brierley. *« Oather '11 do," said the joiner. Irkdale, p. 236.

1 868.

Coll. Use. " Which is the right pronunciation of either — is it

^881. eether or eyether?'' " Oather wiU do." (Said to have

been a L^cashire schoolmaster's answer to the question
of his pupil.)

OBBUT, conj. but, except. See Nobbut, which has the same
meaning.

B. Brierlev. What right has theau t' think abeawt her, obbut as a

^^^^' brother should think abeawt a sister ? — Irkdale, p. 74.

Ibid. " Aw've finished," said Dick, *^ obbut polishin' ofFwi'

summut ut'll mak it feel smoot i' th' meawth.

3id,, p. 244.

ODDMENTS, sb,pl. scraps, fragments, trifles, remnants, pieces of
furniture.

Ramsbottom. Un hoo said,

^^^ Ut if th' wust coom to th' wust we should then

Ha' for t' turn some o' th' oddments to bread.

Lane, Rhymes, p. 16.

Waugh. An' I bought a two-thre oddments 'at we wanten

^•76. a-whoam. — Chimney Comer: Manehr, Critie, March 31,

ODD-OR-EVEN, sh, a child's game, played by holding in the closed
hand one or two small articles, the opposing player having to
guess the number.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 205

ODDS-BOBS-AN'-BUTTYCAKES, interj. a humorous expression
of surprise.

Coll. Us^ Odds-bobs-ofC -butty cakes ^ here's a bonny mess !

x8ox«

OD-ROT-IT, interj. a corrupted oath.

O'ER-LAY, V, to kill by lying upon, as in the case of a child.

CoLL.UsB. «<Is th* chylt dead?" "Aye, hoo wur drunk, an'

»^^- overlaid W

O'ER-TH'-LEFT, adv. not at all ; by the rule of contrary.

Coll. UsB. "Has he raised thi wages?" "Aye, o'er-th'-lefi--

^^^^' he's bagg'd me" (discharged me).

OF, prep, used in place oi for.

HoLLiNGwoRTH. Which could not be done ^some months after the

About i6s«. consecration. Chronicle of Manchester.

Coll. Use. He's not been here of ever so lung (for a long time).

looZ.

OFF-AN'-ON, adv. in an irregular manner.

Coll. Use. He's bin courtin' that lass off-an^-on, now, for ten

*^®** year. It's a shame to see it. Aw'd scawd (scauld) him

if he were comin' to eawr heawse.

OFF-COME (N. Lane), sb. a stranger ; not a native.

Dr. Barber. T' landlord thenk't him, . . . praisin' t' off-cum

'^^o* chap o' t' while, cos he wos sewer he wos gaan to stop a

weeK at t' varra leeast. Fomess Folk, p. 58.

J. Stanyan Bigg. Morkim Bay ye off-cotnes ca' t'.

^^^ Alfred Staunton^ p. 6.

OFF-HIS-YED (head), adj. mad.

Coll. Use. He's graidly off-his-yed, mon — they'll ha' to send him

'®^'- to th' 'sylum (asylum).

OFF-IT, adj. insane ; also, mistaken, having missed the mark.

Coll. Use. I . He's gooin' off-it, sure enough — tha should yer (hear)

'^^*- him talk.

2. Nay, tha'rt off-it this toime — tha mun try again.

OGREATH, adv. right, straight, perfect.

Collier. So I seet eawt, on went ogrectth till aw welly coom

irso* within a mile o' th' teawn. IVorks, p. 41.

OLEZ, adv. always.

Waugh. Aw olez fund tho a mon o' thi wort, Ben.

^^7. Owd Blanket, c. i., p. 20.

Ibid. We're olez pincht for coverin', thou knows, when winter

«879» comes on. Chimney Comer, p. 143.

• OMAKS, sh. pi, all kinds, all sorts or makes. See Awmaks,
ante, p. 18.

\

206 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

ON, prep, used for of,

B. Brihrley. « Eh, whatever will be th* upshot on it ? " exclaimed

''^^ Nanny. Irkdale, c. viii., p. 164.

Coll. UsK. He makes nowt on him (makes nothing ^him; i.e,^

'^^'* does not consider him of any consequence).

ONELY, adj, lonely, solitary,

Waugh. When aw'd mended thi stockin's an' shirts,

1859. p^^ gj^. (Jeawn to knit i' my cheer.

An' aw rayley did feel rather hurt —

Mon, aw'm onely when theaw artn't theer.

Lanc» Songs: Come Whoam to thi Childer,

Ibid. Sich a onely place as this is. — Besom Ben, c. ix. , p. 104,

1865.

ON-FOR, compound prep, about, near to.

Coll. Use. i. He's on-for a spree, aw con see that,

2. What's that lad i?«^rneaw ? Some mak o' mischief.

ONNY-BIT-LIKE, adv, in tolerable condition.

Coll. Use. < « Will ta be comin' across to-morrow ? " "Aye, if th'

^^^^- weather's onny-bit-loike:'

ON-SETTER, sb. ancestor.

Waugh. They liv't i' th' heawse 'at he's speykin' on ; an' so did

^^55- their on-setters afore 'em.

Lane, Sketches : Birthplace of Tim Bobbin, p. 93.

OON, sb, oven.

Waugh. There's some nice bacon collops o' th' hob,

^^59" An' a quart o' ale-posset i' th' oon.

Lane, Songs : Come Whoam to thi Childer,

Ibid. "Hasto a pair o' leather breeches cookin' i'th oon^

^^7- Mary?" "Nay," said Mary, opening the oven-door,

" there's nowt at o' i' th' oonr

Owd Blanket, c. iv., p. 105.

B. Bribrley. Win yo just shift back a bit, while aw put a bit o' fire

1867. under th' oon ? Red Windows Hall, c. xiv. , p. 1 1 1.

OON-CAKE, sb, a loaf baked without a tin or dish ; would be
described as ** baked on the oven-bottom."

Waugh. "Ben," said Betty, " wilto ha' loaf-brade, or thaell

^^^- ha' oon-cake .? " " Oon-cake for me, " replied Ben.

Sneck-Bant, c. i., p. 11.

Ibid. Eh, mother, couldn't yo* gi' me a lump o' oon-cake to

*87S- be gooin' on wi' ? Old Cronies, c. iii., p. 29.

OSS, V, to offer, to try, to attempt. See Awse, ante, p, 18.

Collier. His scrunt wig fell off, on when he os t' don it, on

^750- unlucky karron gan it o poo. Works, p. 52.

Ibid. I'r ot heawse in o crack, on leet o' th' owd mon i' th'

fowd, ossifC t' get o tit-back. Works, p. 57.

Ramsbottom. They'd gether reawnd some choilt wi' mayt,

1864. An' every bit it ost to tak

Their little meawths ud oppen too.

Lane, Rhymes, p. 67.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 207

OTHERGATES, adv. otherwise.
OTHERSOME, compound sb. others, other persons.

)me o*er other some ca
Mid, N, Dream, act L, sc. i., 1. 226.

^"'^sgqf *"* H°^ happy some o*er other some can be !

Waugh. Thae looks hondsomer nor ever this mornm' ! Wed-

1868. din> becomes some folk better nor othersome,

Sneck'Bant, c. iii., p. 59.

Ibid. They chargen moor at some places than ut othersome,

*S79- Chimney Comer, p. 53.

OUMER (Fylde and Lonsdale), v. to shadow.

OUSEN, sh. pi oxen.

OUT-AN-OUT, adv, altogether, entirely, extreme.

Coll. Use. He's out-an-out th* best hand at puncin*, as we'n getten

iSSx. j» tijis shop (place).

OUT-COMLIN', sb. a stranger. See Eawt-cumlin, p. 115.

OUT-RAKE (N. Lane), sb, a common near enclosed land.
OUZEL, sb, the blackbird.

Spenser. The ouzell shrills ; the ruddock warbles soft.

^595' Epiihalamion, st. 4.

Shakspere. The ousel cock so black of hue.

1599. Mid, N, D,y iii. i. 1. 128.

Collier. Now th' ouzel whistles, wheet-wit, wheet-wit, whee'u.

'750. Works (Poem : The Blackbird), p. 413.

Bamford. It wur nother gorse-cock, ouzle, nor dunnock.

^^40- Life of a Radical, vol. i., p. 133.

OWD, adj, pron. of old. See Ald, ante, p. 7.

Ramsbottom. While th' owd folk bear as best they con,

^^^*' An' th' young uns o' forget to play.

Lane, Rhymes, p. 42.

Ibid. Some owdest son may stayle for bread,

Some owdest dowther sink to shame.

Lane, Rhymes, p. 43.

OWD-LAD, sb, the devil (generally used with the definite article).

Coll. Use. If th* owd-lad were in him, he couldna be worse.

1881. '

OWLER, sb, the alder ; alder timber. Also, used metaphorically as
a synonym for clogs, the soles of which are made of alder ; as,
" He up wi' his foot an' gan him some owler*^ — i,e. kicked him.

B. Brierley. Aw could mak one eawt of a lump o* ffwler any day.

^S^^- Irkdale, p. 198.

Waugh. I'd some'at to do to bant him, but I leet him taste o'

'^74- mi owler, now an' then.

Chimney Comer: Manchr^ Critic, August 14.

208 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

OWL-LEET, sb. twUight.

Waugh, An* th' mvl-leefs comin* on too. It*s getten to th'

^*79- edge-o'-dark, an' there '11 be boggarts abroad in a bit.

Chimney Corner^ p. 359.

OWT, sh. aught, anything.

CoLLiBR. Too mitch of owfs good for nowt. Works^ p. 35.

1750.

B. Bribrlby. '< Is thy feyther hearty, an' thy moather ?" "Ay, for

x868. ^^^ ^^ know." IrkdaUy c. ii., p. 94.

Coll. Usb. The following is said to be a common laconic morning

^^^^' colloquy in the Oldham district : — " Momin' " (good

mornmg). "Momin"' (the reply). ** OwtV^ (is there

anything new) ? " Nowt " (not anything). "Momin"'

(the farewell). " Momin' " (the reply).

OWT-LIKE, adj, satisfactory, in fair quantity. Nowt4ike is used
to express the opposite meaning.

Coll. Use. " Is it (ywt-like of a job ? " "Aye, it'U pay weel enoof "

^^^'- (enough).

OYTCH (S. E. Lane), pron. of each.

Collibr. Oytch public trust is choyng'd into a job.

'750. Works, p. 33.

T. Wilson. They wur men wi big cooats an' a stick i' oytch bond.

^S*4- Songs of the Wilsons^ p. 35.

Waugh. Says he, "I thought oitch body kno wed

^859. Gentle Jone."

Lane, Songs: Gentle Jone,

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 209

P.

PA AM AS (N. Lane), comp. v. palm us, ue, give us alms. See
Aamas, ante^ p. 2.

PACE-EGG, sb. a hard-boiled egg, dyed or stained, and presented
as an Easter oflfering. Pace = Pasque, Old French form of
Pascha,

Rbv.W.Thoxnber. Easter introduced a change. The slothful now

^^37' demanded his ^^ pace-egg^* (Paschal-egg) as a privileged

dole ; the young of both sexes, on the ailernoon of Easter

Sunday, amused themselves in the meadows with eg^s

dyed by the yellow blossoms of the "whin."

History of Blackpool, c. iv., p. 92.

PACE-EGGERS, sb, pi, mummers, who go about in bands at Easter-
time, usually performing the old masque of George and the
Dragon,

PADDOCK, sb, the toad or frog. Icel. padda.

PADDOCK-STOOL, sb. a fungus, a toad-stooL

PAN (N. Lane), v. to fit or tally.

PANBINDIN* (Cartmel), sb. a, payment or compensation for an
injury.

Coll. Use. l»se g^' thee money to pay th* panbtndin\

1870.

PANCAKE-TUESDAY, sb. Shtove Tuesday.

PANT (Cartmel), sb. mud.

PANTLE (Fylde), sb. a bird-snare made of hair. O.Y . pantiere, a
kind of snare for birds. See Painter, a rope for mooring a boat,
in Skeat's Etym. Diet.

PANTLE (Ormskirk), v. to snare for snipes.

PAPPER, sb. pron. of paper. Icel. pappir.

Waugh. « My advice to thee is this-^eet no papper" " Bi th*

i879» heart, Bill ; I connot do that, except I fling th* ink-bottle

at it, — ^for I con noather read nor write."

Chimney Comer, p. 210.

perish' I ^* ^^ starve with cold or hunger.

Waugh. Come, SaUy, let's poo up to th' fire a bit. I'm gettin'

^^79* quite /flmA/. Chimney Comer, p. 30.

They mun be harrish't, an' parish^ t, an' ham|)er't, an*
)incer't, an' powler't about th cowd world a while.

Ism.

pincer'

Ibid,^ ^. I4ti>

2IO LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

PARITOR, sb, the name always applied to a verger ; an apparitor.

Shakspere. Sole imperator and great general

1597. Of trotting 'paHtors, Z. Z. Z., iii. i. 1 88.

PARLISH (N. Lane), adj, very great, terrible. Same as parlous,
ue, perilous.

J. p. Morris. Th&c's parlish lile I du believe in.

'^^7- Zeii^ Beck Dobby, p. 4.

Dr. Barber. Ned hed bin lectur't be t' maister for not gangin' tul a

. '^^' church, z.parli5h lock o' times. Fomess Folky p. 23.

PARROCK (N. Lane), sb. an enclosure. A.S. pearroc. Prof.
Skeat in his Etym. Diet., Art Paddock (2), says it is tolerably
certain that paddock is a corruption of parrock, another form of
park.

PART-AN'-PARCEL, adv. belonging to, being of the same kind.

Coll. Use. He may say what he loikes ; but he*s pari-an* -parcel

1881. Q» tjj> g^jjjg iQt^

PARTLY-WHAT, adv. partially, imperfectly.

Dr. Barber. T' ca^p^n partly-what kent t* fella.

^^70- Fomess Folk, p. 21.

Coll. Use. «* Does ta know him ?" ** Partly-what.''

1881. "^

PASH, sb. a sudden gush ; a fall ; a blow. Shakspere in Tk and
Cressida (act ii., sc. iii., 1. 213) uses it as a verb in the sense of
to strike : " If I go to him, with my armed fist VWpash him o'er
the face.'* It is similarly used by Langland in F, Plowman,
Text A., V. 16, B. XX. ^% and by North in his translation . of
Plutarch.

Waugh. "Fine weather for yung ducks," said Ben. "It's

^^^7« come'n wi' a gradely posh this time. Aw'm wringin'

weet." Owd Blanket y c. iii., p. 52.

PAYSHUN-DOCK, sb. patience-dock or passion-dock ; called also
poor-man's cabbage.

Waugh. Gathering on their way edible herbs, such as ^^payshun-

^855- docks, ''^ and " green-sauce," to put in their broth.

Lane. Sketches : Cottage of Tim Bobbin, p. 50.

PEART, adj. cheerful, lively, smart, self-confident This word in
its provincial sense is a curious variation on the literary meaning
of peri.

Waugh. He walks by me i'th street as peart as a pj^ot, an*

*^^7- never cheeps. But he's no 'casion.

Home Life of Factory Folk, c. xi., p. 106.

Coll. Use. (Applied to a baby. ) It's a little un, for sure, but it's

^^^^* peart enough.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 211

PEA-S WAD, sb. the hull or husk of a* pea.

Waugh. He wur badly clemmed. IVe sin him pike peigh-

^879- swads out o* th' swillin*-tub mony a time.

Chimney Corner^ p. 225.

PEAWK or I sb. 3. small boil or swelling resulting from inflammation,
POUK, J a pimple. A.S. poc, a pustule.

Coll. Use. He does na need to mak sich a greyt to-do abeawt it ;

*^^** it's nobbut a bit of z.peawk,

PEED (Cartmel), (idj. blind of one eye.

PEEDLE (Cartmel), v. to look slyly about.

PEET-LARK, sb, the meadow-pipit or titlark. Anthus prafensis,

PEG, V. to walk ; also to proceed with determination.

B. Brierley. « Nay," I said, ** Y\\ trust yo* no furr, I'U pegW An'

1869. J ^j^j pg^ j^ . j^j^j ^ weary treaunce it wur.

Ab-o^-th^- Vote in London, p. 80.

PEGGY, sb. a wooden instrument used in the washing of clothes.

B. Brierley. How well she looked at a tub — ^how dexterously she

i860. twisted her fat arms about when plying the ** peggy."

Tales of Lane. Life : Traddlepin Fold, p. 144.

PEG-LEG, sb, a wooden leg.

Waugh. When Billy heard the sound of Body's wood leg upon

^^^' the kitchen floor, he looked down at it very earnestly,

and then turning to Ben he said, ** Dad, he's getten a
table-leg." ** Theer, Dody," said the landlady, laughing,
**it's thy turn this time. Thae'd better tak that peg-leg
o' thine eawt o' seet, or else he'll be at it again."

Sneck-Banty c. iv., p. 91.

PEIGHL, sb, hurry.

Waugh. «< Twelve o'clock's my time," said Ben, " an' it wants

'^^9. an hour yet." " Well, then," said the fiddler, " thae'rt

i' Tiopeighl, So come an' sit tho deawn."

Yeth-Bobsy c. i., p. 17.

PELT, sb, speed, rate.

Waugh. Now then, Bob, doesto yer ? Wheer arto for at sich a

^879. pelt 9

PEN-FED (N. Lane), adj, stall-fed.

PENK, V, to strike a small blow ; also to work ineffectually, to make
a feeble attempt.

Waugh. Judd nipt up a knobstick, an' began a weltin' at th'

* 75- seek as he said, Xopenk th' dust out on't a bit.

Old Cronies y c. iv., p. 46.

Ibid. Two foos, — stonnin' up, an' penkifC at one another's

^^79' faces, like a couple o' nailmakers.

Chimney Comer, p. 154.

212 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

PENKLE, V, to trifle ; to waste time on things of small consequence.
See Penk.

B. Brierlby. If they'd lemmi goo to ther heawse neaw an* agen, an*

^^^* be a brother to \iSX-^enklifC abeawt th* heawse an'

garden, an' doin' bits o jobs for 'em — ^aw could be con-
tent. Irkdale^ c. ii., p. 102.

PENNORTH, sb. a penny's worth.

PERCH (Lytham), sb. a pole surmounted by a barrel and set up to
mark a shoal.

PERRY, V, to scatter money or other objects amongst a crowd.

Thornber. At the church-door, an idle crowd was always ready

^^37- for the **/^rr;/," /.^., to contest for the scattered half-

pence. History of Blackpool, c. iv., p. 97.

PESTIL, sb, the shank of a ham.

Collier. Hoo browt meh some hog-mutton, an' as prime veeol

^750- an'/^j/iVas need be toucht. J^f^^j, p. 53.

PETTLE (Cartmel), v, to coax ; also to play with.
PEYL, V, to beat severely.

B. Brierlby. Eawt we tumbled, th' owd woman o' th' top o' me,

^^^9* palin^ me abeaut th' yead wi' her empty reticule.

Ab-o^-tV- Yate in London, p. 12.

Miss Lahbb. Aw'd getten Bob deawn, an' wur peylin him i' gradely

^^70. Lancashire style. Owd Yem, t^, y.

PICKIN'-PEG,
PICKIN'-ROD,
PICKING-STICK, J

sb, a wooden rod or handle by which the shuttle
is thrown in weaving.

Waugh. He're straight as ony pickin* -rod,

'^59- An' limber as a snig. Lane, Songs : Chirrup,

Ibid. When the horn sounded, the weaver lads used to let

^^55- go their picking-pegs, roU up their aprons, and follow the

chase afoot.

Lane, Sketches: Rochdale to Blackstone Edge, p. 127.

PICKLE, sb, a condition of difficulty or disgrace ; confusion.

Coll. Use. Tha's getten into a bonny //f^^ this toime, lad.

1881.

PICKS (Cartmel), sb.pl, diamonds at cards. See Pip (3), a spot on
cards, in Skeat*s Etym. Diet.

PIECE, sb. a recitation.

Coll. Use, "What are yo for neaw?" "We're gooin' a-sayin*

1881. pi^f.gs at schoo'.^'

PIECE- POKE (Eccles), sb. a weaver's work-bag.
PIG, V, to crowd together.

Coll. Use. They/(f o' of a rook i' one room.

X081.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 213

PIGGIN, sb. a small wooden paiL Vf.picyn,

Waugh. I'll have a penk at her/^gjVw', if I have to pay for th'

"^79- garthin' on't.*' Chimney Corner^ p. 154.

PIGNUT, sb. the earth-nut. Bunium flextosum.

Shakspbrb. I with my long nails will dig XhR&pigntits,

*^"- Tempest, ii. ii. 172.

PIKE, V. to choose, to select ; also to pick one's way ; to gather
one's-self together. A word of peculiar use, for which it is diffi-
cult to find a literary s3monym.

Waugh. When we'n getten fairly off, thae mun lock th' durs,

^^^5« an' pike eawt at th' back iJler us as nicely as thae con.

Besom Beuy c. iii., p. 34.

B. Brierley. That wur enoogh, for ihty piked thersel's off.

*^- Ab-o'-tk' Vote in London, p. 12.

Waugh. If I had ony company, I*d pike somebry 'at wur some

^^79- bit like daycent. Chimney Comer, p. 155.

PIKE-FORK, sb. a pitch-fork.

Waugh. Aw tell yo what, maister, yo're gettin new thing;s fast !

*^' Posies an' o' ! Eh, dear ! there'll be no touchin°yo wi'

2i pike-fork in a bit. Yeth-Bobs, c. i., p. 8.

^PIKEIN', sb. picking, gathering, getting.

Waugh. It*s thin pikeitC for poor folk just neaw.

*^7. Home Life of the Factory Folk, c. ii., p. 21.

PIKEL, sb. a pitchfork ; a hay-fork,

B. Bribrlby. Her clooas same as if they'd bin tossed on her back

^^70- wi' 2ipikel.—Ab-o'-th'' Vote on Times and Things, p. 38.

PIKELET (gen.), \ sb. a kind of thin cake or muffin; in Scot-
PIKELIN (Cartmel), J land called a scone.

PIKETHANK (Cartmel), sb. a hanger-on.

PILDER, V. to wither, to shrivel.

B. Brihrley. [Hoo] had waited for a fine husbant till hoo're as

^870- pildert as an owd apple ut's been tumblet abeawt in a

drawer a year or two.

Ab'O^'tV' Vote on Times and Things, p. 36.

PILGARLICK, sb. a term used to describe a pitiable or distressed
person.

Coll. Use. He's a poor pilgarlick as ever crept upo' two l^s.

XooZ.

PILL-GILL (Cartmel), sb. a raree show or any kind of itinerant or
public entertainment.

PINCER, V. to pince with pincers — metaphorically to torment, to
harass.

B. Brierley. Aw should be soory for anybody ut were pincert wi*

i868. t^Q [wives] at once't. Irkdale, c. xii., p. 192.

214 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

PINDER, V, to burn, to over-roast meat

Coll. Use. Nay, tha mun tak that back ; aw'st ate none on it ;

i88x. it's//«^i<?r*/ toacinder.

PINGOT f ^^' ^ small inclosure of land.

Collier. A tailor wur thrung pooin' turmits in his pingot,

^7So. Worksy p, 37.

PINAFORE, \

PINNER,

PINNY,

sh. a large linen apron worn by childen and used as
a covering for the ordinary clothes. See Bishop,
antCy p. 40.

Thomas Hardy. Honest travelling have been so rascally abused since I

'^76- was a boy in pinners, — Hand of Ethelberta^ chap. xlvi.

PINS-AND-NEEDLES, sh, the sensation of pricking felt in the
limbs when the circulation is stopped.

PISSABED, sb. the dandelion flower.

PISMOTE, sh. an ant. Cf. A.S. md^ay a maggot, a bug.

PITCH- AN'-TOSS, sh. a game played with coins, a form of gambling.

Bamford. There's a deal o' sin committed thereabeawts ; pitchin^

'^59- an^ tossin\ an' drinkin', an' beawlin', i' Summer time."

Early Days^ p. 169.

PLACE, sh. occupation, work.

COLL.USB. "He's lost his place:' "What for?" "Fuddlin'

^*3^- again."

PLANTIN*, sh. a plantation.
PLAYIN', part, being out of work.

Coll. Usb. Aye, they're in a bad way, poor childer — thur fayther's

*^^'' been playitC for nearly a twelvemonth.

PLECK, sh. a place. The A.S. plcRC^ cited by Mr. Gaskell in the
passage quoted below, is only found in the O. Northumbrian
version of Matt vi. 5. See Patch (i) in Skeat's Etym. Diet.

Collier. He cudno be i' two plechs at one time, yo known.

'750- Works, p. 65.

Rev. W. Gaskell. Instead of ** place," the old Anglo-Saxon vtoxdiplac is

^^54- still used unchanged. I have heard of a raw recruit from

this neighbourhood, who, in his first battle, as soon as

the firing began, cried out, ** I say, Cap'n, yo mun move

us from this/^r, or we's some on us be hurt !"

Led, Lane. Dialect , p. 19.

B. Brierley. Owd Tummy Trotter creepin' abeawt th' pleck, wi' a

^^9* roll o summat in his hont.

Red Windows Rally c. v., p. 38.

PLOG, V. to plug, to close. Gaelic ploc. See Plug in Skeat's
Etym. Diet.

Waugh. Sit tho still ; an' plog thi ears up !

^^79- Chimney Comer, p. 151,

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 215

PLUCK, sb. the lungs of a sheep, cow, or other animal.

PLUG, V, to pull the hair, to lug.

POBBIES, ) sb. a child's dish of bread and warm milk. Welsh pobt\
POBS, ) to bake.

Rkv. W. Gaskell. The word generally used by Lancashire people for

^^54* young childreirs food, bread soaked in milk or water by

the fire, is ** pobs^^ or ** pobbies;" and the most probable
derivation of this which I have been able to find is from
the Welsh pob^ which means a baking; pobi being to
bake or roast. Led, Lane, Dialect^ p. 9.

Laycock. Toimes are bad ;

1866. We're short o' pobhies for eawr Toe,

But that, of course, tha didn't know,
Did ta, lad ?

Lane, Songs : Welcome^ Bonny Brid,

POCK-ARR, sb. a pock-mark.

POD (Ormskirk), v. to sulk.

PODGY, adj. stout and of short stature.

POLLYWOG (Preston), sb. a tadpole.

POOT, sb. a young hen just ready for or beginning to lay. Applied
metaphorically also to a young, inexperienced person. Poot =
poult. See Poult in Skeat's Etym. Diet.

B. Brierley. Aw'm nobbut a poot yet, an' happen a bit gawmless.

^^^^ Irkdale^ c. ii., p. 102.

PORRIDGE-STICK, sb. a piece of hard wood, used for stirring
oat-meal porridge in the pan.

POSSET, sb. a warm drink, usually made of milk and ale.

Waugh. The country people in Lancashire have great faith in

^^55* simples, and in simple treatment for their diseases. One

of their receipts for a common cold is " a whot churn-
milk posset^ weel sweet'nt, an' a traycle cake to't, at bed-
time. Lane, Sketehes : Bury to Roehdale^ p. 22.

POSSET, sb. the flower of the meadow-sweet.

Waugh. That tall, white flower, which country folk call

^^55- ^^ posset^^^ spread out its curdy top among the elegant

summer grasses.

Lane. Sketehes: Heywood and Neighbourhood^ p. 163.

POST-AND-PATRIL WALL (Ormskirk), sb. a mud wall

POSY, sb. any single flower ; not a bunch of flowers, as in literary
English. Clock-posy is the flower of the dandelion.

Coll. Use. "What a pratty posy tha's getten. What is it?"

*^^^' **0h, it's nobbut a woild un — a bit o' honeysuckle 'at

aw geet i' th' cloof."

POT-BO' (pot-ball), sb. a dumpling.

Collier. What wofo' times are theese I

17SO. Pot'baws are scant, an' dear is seawl an' cheese.

Works^ p. 33.

2l6

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

B. Bribrlsy.
1870.

Waugh.
X879.

POTE, V, to push with the feet. A variation of poke. See Poke (2)
in Skeat's Etym. Diet

A choilt looks forrad when it poUs i* th' gooin-cheear,
an' feels itsel* gettin' o*er th* floor for th' fust time.

Ab-o^-th^' Vote on Times and Things^ p. 80,

Fve had th' young'st lass sleepin' wi* mo, an' th' little
^itaxigpotes clooas off i' th' neet-time.

Chimney Corner^ p. 143.

POT-MARJORAM, sb. a savoury herb used to season broth.

POTTER, V, to make a feeble attempt ; to meddle and muddle ; to
vex, puzzle, confuse, or perplex. A frequentative form of pote.
Old Dutch poteren, "to search one throughly," from the notion
of poking a stick into every corner. See Pother and Potter
in Skeat's Etym. Diet.

It wur as mitch a wagtail as theaw'rt a dagtail, an'
theaw'd be pottert if onybody co'd the' so.

Life of a Radical^ vol. i., p. 134.

There are many forms of speech and peculiarities of
pronunciation in Lancashire, that would sound strange,
and, to use a Lancashire expression, ^ spotter" a. Southern.

Lect, Lane, Dialect ^ p. 13.

When a Lancashire man is a little vexed or excited,
he says he's ^^ pottert y^ and ** it's enough for't potter ony
mon's plucks." I do not know any Anglo-Saxon word
from which this can come ; but the Dutch poteren, to
stir, 3delds a not inappropriate meaning. — Ibid., p. 27.

An' aw felt izxtly pottered at th' trick aw'd bin sarved.
Lane, Songs : John Booth an^ tiC Vicar,

Thou's bin a long time potteHrC about yon stables.
Whatever hasto bin doin' ? Hermit Cobbler, p. 24.

Bamforo.
1840.

Rev. W. Gaskbll.
1854.

Ibid.

Laycock.
x866.

Waugh.

1876.

POTTER-OUT, V. to pay, to deliver.

Coll. Use.
1881.

Come, potter-out thi brass — ^tha's had it, an' tha mun
pay for't.

POW, V, pron. oi poll ; to cut the hair.

Ramsbottom.
1864.

Waugh.
1867.

B. Brierlev.
x868.

Aw had t' begin an' shave mysel',
An' get mi vrife to pow my yure.

Lane, Rhymes, p. 47.

The mother, seeing us laugh at the lads, said, "That
big un's been powin tother, an' th' little monkey's gone
an' cut every smite o' th' lad's toppin' oflf."

Home Life of Factory Folk, c. xx., p. 177.

Aw'd ate my yed, an' have it powd o' purpose.

Irkdale, c. iv., p. 118.

POWFAG, V, to tire.

POWFAGGED, part, wearied, worn out, distressed.

Coll. Use.
x88i.

"Joe, tha looks itxrAAy powfag^d,^* "Aye, aw'Ve
been wanderin' abeawt seechin' for wark for weeks."

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

217

POWLER, V, to live in a state of exigency and vicissitude ; to go
about in a shiftless or confused way.

Wi* x£^ch. powUrin* I geet eawt o' th* poo.

Works, p. 69.

A person who leaves his work and goes spreeing and
fuddling about the country is said to ** ht p<ywlerin\** A
rambling, unsettled, dissipated person is said to *^*' powUr
through the country." The hooters, shouters, clappers,
and other noisy rabble described by Tim Bobbin at the
Eawl-takin' yttxe powierers, — MS, Glossary, p. 139a.

Collier.
1750.

Bamfgro.
1843-

Waugh.
z868.

Billy an* th' wife vt\ix powlerin^ abeawt i* th' dark.

Sneck'Banty c. ii., p. 37.

POWLERT, part, distressed, broken down, impoverished.

Bamforo.

1843.

POWSE,
POWSEMENT
dirty child.

Collier.
1750.

Rev. W. Gaskbll.

1854.

He's sadly powlert. He's bin off a week an' has comn
whoam f^i<& powlert, MS, Glossary, p. 139a.

) sb, something worthless, waste, rubbish ; often
, ) applied metaphorically to a mischievous or

Waugh.

1867.

Ibid.
1867.

I'd scorn t' touch sich powsments wi' tungs.

Works, p. 33,

A strong and expressive word, as many of these are in
the mouths of the Lancashire people, is *^powse,'^ de-
noting dirt that is thrown out, generally into a heap ;
and as a term of contempt applied to a person, though
in that case it is more frequently converted into *•*• powse-
ment^^ or *^ powsedurt.^* The only origin which I have
been able to discover of this word is the Welsh pws,
which means what is expelled or rejected, refuse. This
agrees very closely with the Lancashire signification.

Led, Lane, Dialect, p. 11.

** Come," said the mother, " yo two are makin' a nice
floor for mo. . . Go thi ways, an' dry thisel', thae
Walt pouse, thae."

Home Life of Factory Folk, c. xx., p. 178.

Neaw, Sammul, thaew'll ha' that pot upo' th' floor
eenneaw — thae X\\!(\it pousement, thae ! Do keep eawt o'
mischief. IHd,, c. xix., p. 165.

POWSE-DIRT, sh. a worthless person.

Ger off my dur-stone, aw tell yo ! Yo'r a pouse-dirt
' somebory s ! Aw'll not have him lad [led] off wi'

Owd Blanket, c. i., p. 10.

Waugh.
1867.

noan sich like wastrels.

PREASE (Cartmel), v. to invite.

PRIAL, sb, three, a trio, i,e, pair-royal. See Prial in Skeat's Etym.
Diet

He closed the door upon the merry prial of conspira-
tors. Besom Ben, c. vi., p. 82.

Waugh.
Z865.

PRICKET (Ormskirk), sb, six sheaves of com.

2l8 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

PRICK-METE, adv. neither more nor less ; exactly the complement
or measurement of anything.

Waugh. Their mother's just prick-mete their dur-hole full, to an

. ^^* inch ; an' hoo has to bend deawn, and come eawt side-

ways. Yeih-BobSi c iii, p. 45.

PRIMILY, adv, excellently.

PRISON-BARS, sb, a rustic game, in which the players on each '
side run after each other and wait their turn in enclosures called
prisons,

PRITTLE-PRATTLE, sb. small talk ; also childish conversation.

Phillip Stubbes. PrUtU-prattle and tittle-tattle, the evils of 'em.

'5^3- Anatomy of the Abuses in England^ pt i., p. 93,

PROD, V, to poke, to prick, to stab,

PROUD-FLESH, sb. diseased flesh surrounding a wound.

PRO WEN, ) sb, food, provender. Shakspere in Coriolanus (act ii.,
PRO WIN, J sc. i., 1. 267) hdiS provand : —

Camels in the war, who have their provand
Only for bearing burdens.

Prof. Skeat, in his Etym. Diet., Art. Provender, says the final r
is an English addition, just as in lavender. Shakspere's /wtw;«//
is, strictly, the better form of the word.

Collier. Theaw may sleep if t'l lay th' proven ready.

'750- Works, p. 67.

John Scholes. Awl giv onybody leeov to pack mi i barrels fur winter

i8s7' proven. Jaunt to see th* Queen, p. 46.

PROWSE, V. to stir.

Waugh. By th' mon, it has prowst my inside up — to some

1865. guage. Sexton's Story, p. 14.

PROWT, sb. worthless, trumpery stuff; rubbish.

Waugh. It»s my own brewin', and there's no mak o' precewt

'^7. in it. Tattlin' Matty, p. 14.

B. Brikrlev. Factories an' railroads, an' o' sich ne'er-do-good /r^zt/^.

'®^^- Irkdale, c. i., p. 7.

PULLEN, sb.pl. poultry.

Waugh. This wur his buttery, wheer he kept pullen, an' cam,

»S55. an' sich like. v r . ^ .

Lane. Sketches : Cottage of Tim Bobbin, p. 54.

PUMMER, sb. anything very large.

Waugh. «« Well," said Ben, " aw'U just taste wi' tho. Hello I

'^5. there's no quart here, Enoch I" "Well; aw nobbut

had one poo [pull] at it, — ^but it wur a pummer, owd
lad ; for aw wur as dry as soot."

Besom Ben, c. iii., p. 31.

Ibid. "Lumps!" said Ben; ^* Ky, z.vl pummers too, some

^^^- on 'em." Sneck-Bant, c. ii., p. 30.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

219

PUNCE, V. to kick. The same as M.E. bunsen. See Bounce in
Skeat's Etym. Diet.

Bampord. Iv th' dur wumo oppent when he coom, he'd ha punst

»84o. it oppen. Life of a Radical, vol. i., p. 134.

Nawe I lev th* dur oppen, or else YLe^^Wpunce it in.
Lane. Sketches: Heywood and Neighbourhood, p. 183.

Iv awd been at th' back o* that chap, aw could ha'
punceU him, see yo I

Home Life of Factory Folk, c. xL, p. 106.

Aw've a good mind to gie thi shins z.punce, an' see if
that'll rooze thee. Fratchingtom, p. 55.

PURR, V, to kick. Gaelic pirr^ to push, thrust, drive. See Pore (2)

in Skeat*s Etym. Diet.

Coll. Usb. Howd ! (hold) tha munnot /»rr him when he's deawn.

x88x.

Waugk.

1855.

Ibid.
1867.

B. Bribrlbv.
x868.

PUSH, sb, energy, determination.

Coll. Usb.
x88i.

He'll never make nowt on it — ^he's no push in him.

PUTTIN*-ON, sb. a makeshift

Wauoh.
X879.

I thought it would be a bit of a puttin-on, till to-mom.

Chimney Comer, p. 99.

PUT-TO, V, tried, perplexed.

Coll. Usb.
x88x.

He wur hard put-to, poor lad, to make ony sort of a
livin'.

PYANET (N. Lane), \
PYNART (S. Lane),
PYNOT (general),
PYOT (Cartmel),

sb, a magpie.

COLLIBR.
X750.

Ttm, I saigh [saw] two roX^^Vi pynots.

Waugh.

X867.

Edward Kirk.
X876.

Mary, That wur a sien o' bad fortin, for I yerd meh
gronny say faoo'd as lief ha* seen two Owd Harrys as
Xviopynots, Works, p. 50.

He walks by me i'th street as peart as a pynot.

Home Life cf Factory Folk, c. xi., p. 106.

The magpie, locally called a **pynet,^* still crosses
your path, when you correct its forebodings by making a
cross with your foot on the ground, and repeat

One for anger, two for mirth.

Three for a wedding, and four for death.

Papers of Manchester Literary Club, vol. i. Art. :
A Nook of North Lanccuhire, p. 109.

PYANOT, sb. the peony.

PYTCH, sb, a hive for bees. Probably cognate with " pitch'' of a
roof, or '^ pitch*' a covering of anything as a defence against
weather. A breakwater is said to be "pitched" with stones on
the surface.

220 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

QUALITY, ) ^ h

QUALITY-FOLK, J ^^- ^"* S^"'"^'

Coll. Use. They wanten us t* think ut they're qftcUity-folk ; but

'®^*' they're nowt o'th soart, mon, — ^not they.

QUARLES (Worsley), ) sh. pi square, or rather diamond-shaped,
QUARRELS, J panes of glass in a latticed window.

QUELT, $b, a blow.

Coll. Use. He gan him a quelt at th' side of his yed ut nearly

i88i. knock'd him o'er.

QUERK, sh, a moulding in joinery.

QUERK (N. Lane), v, to cheat, to over-reach.

QUERN (N. Lane), $k a hand-mill for grinding com. A.S. cweorn ;
Icel. kvem,

Shakspbre. Skim milk, and sometimes labour in the quern,

'599. Mids, N. Dreamy ii. i. 36.

QUEST, sb. an inquest.

Shakspbre. What lawful quest have given their verdict up

'^** Unto the frowning judge ?

Richard Thirds i. iv. 1899.

Ibid. "But is this law?" Ay, marry is't; crowner's quest

1603. Jaw. Hamlet, v. i. 23.

Coll. Use. Th' crunner's (coroner's) quest is sittin' o'er him to-day.

xBoX*

QUICK-STICKS, sb. a short space of time.

Coll. Use. Aw'U shift thee in guick-sticks. see if aw dunnot

1881. ^ '

QUIFT, V. to quaff, to tipple.
QUIFTIN', part, quaffing.
QUIFTIN'-POT, sb. a half-gilL

Collier. Beside, there's two tumblers, three quiftin^-pots^ an'

^750* four pipes masht. Works, p. 53.

Waugh. Here, Betty, bring us a quart an' a quiftir^-pot.

*^79- Chimney Comer, p. iSa

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 221

OTTIT ON I ^^^/^^/^^' without, delivered from.

Coll. Use. " Han yo* getten quit-on him ?" ** Aye, he*s gone at

*88x. 1j^5^ . Y)yxi he were a hard un to shift."

QUOCK (Fylde), v, to vomit

OTTOKE I ^* '^ ^° a-shearing or harvesting from home.

QUOCKER, sb, one who goes harvesting to a distance.

222 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

R.

RABBLEMENT, s6. a crowd of disorderly folk ; a mob.

Spbnssk. And after all the ra^aH many raai,

iSQo- Heaped together in rude rablement.

F, Queenct canta xii., at. g^

iSbf AKSPBBB^ Still its he refused ft the rabblement hooted^

*««>' /. Casar^ i. fi. 245.

CoLLiBH. Bonfied mo Rke a steawntybank't foo^ to mcj [make]

*75*>' th* rabblement fun. Works^ y, xxxvi.

Waugm. Aw don't want to be a show for ony mak o* rahblgment

'at happens to be i' th' tap-reawm^ — Sneck-Bant, p, 88.

RABBLETY> sd. a small rabble or crowd.

]RAGKAN-H00K, ] sd, a hook placed in the chimney so that it
RECK.IN-HOOK, J can be swung over the fire, and intended to
hold a pot or kettle. Applied figuratively to an idle^ lazy fellow,
who prefers sitting in the chimney comer to working. [See
Reek-aim in Atkinson's Cleveland Glossary. The suggestion
there made^^ that reckin or rackan stands for reek-aim, i.e. reek-
iron or smoke-iron, is a very plausible solution of a difficult
word.— -W. W. S.]

Waugh. An* then we sang glees,

X875. Till th' rack-an'-hook niHg. Old Cronies, p. $4.

Ibid- Thou'rt too idle to make ony brass for thisel' — ^thou

*^7^' loungin' rack-an^-hook — ^an' if onybody else con make

ony, thou'll make it away for 'em.

Chimney Corner^ p, 152.

RACKETTY, adj. careless, thoughtless.

Waugh. That's another racketty riotch !

"79. Chimney Comer ^ p. 155.

RACKLE, adj. reckless} also hasty, rash. M.E. rakel, rash. See
Chaucer's Mauncipk's Tale, lines 174 and 235. This rakel is
the word which was afterwards corrupted into rake-hell.

Waugh. Qwd Tip's th' better chap i' th' bottom, iv he be a bit

*^7. rackle, Owd Blanket, c, iw., ^, ^.

!»»!>• ** Is there ony news o' that rackle brother o' thine?"

1876. «i^y» *« that's he doin'?" **He's wrostlin' th'cham-

pion." *• What champion ?" " Drink."

Hermit Cobbler, p. 29.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY, 2 23

RACKLESOME, adj. reckless.

Waugh. Hoo're as hondsome a filly as mortal e'er see'd^

'^^^* But hoo coom of a racklaome, aatterin' breed.

Otud Cronies, p. 50.

RACK-O'-MUTTON, sb. a saddle of mutton-

RAD (Fylde), 4uij\ loosely knit

RADDLE, V, to thrash, to beat — i.€, to thrash with a rod ; from
rcui = rod,

Waugh. They raddle* t my bwons to some tune, I can tell tho';

^^79- an» that's how I geet these lumps upo' my yed.

Chimney Comer, p. 173.

RADDLE-AN'-DAUB, sb. a material anciently used for building,
and consisting of stones and wood, mixed with mud or plaster;
or of twigs and plaster only. Raddle = little rod ; dimin. of rad,

RADDLIN, sb. wicker work on which plaster is laid*

RADLINS, sb.pL hazel or other twigs used for laying plaster upoa

RAG, sb. hoar frost.

RAGAMUFFIN, sb, a disreputable and ill-clothed person. See
note to P. Plowman^ Text C, xxi. 283, where Ragamqffin occurs
as the name of a demon.

Shakspbkb. I have led my ragamuffins where they are peppered-

'«^-. / Henry IV., v. iv. 36.

RAGGED-ROBIN, sb. the meadow-lychnis. Lychnis flos-cuculu

Tbnnysqk. The Prince

'^** Hath picked a ragged-robin horn the hedge.

Enid, 1. 724.

RAGGOT, sb. a rough, disorderly person ; a ragged vagabond.
RAGGOTIN*, part rambling about; living in a disorderly way.
RAGGY, adj. broken and stormy.

Waugh. There's bin so mich raggy weather upo' th' moors that

»8y9- there's bin a great lot o^ sheep lost.

Chimney Comer, p. 376.

RAITHER-OF-OATHER, adv. almost ; equivalent to the phrase
** on the whole."

Waugh. Owd Mary 11 be tum't three-score; an* I think her

'^^^' hurimn' would be raiiher-of-oather th* owder o' th* two.

Chimney Comer, p, 146.

RAKE, V. to cover or heap up a fire with coals or cinders in order
to keep it alive.

Coll. Use. We mun ha* this foare re^d afore we goo to bed — there

'®^'- '11 be no toime to leet it i* th* mom.

RAM, \ adj. strong-scented, offensive to taste or smell. IceL
RAMMY, I ramr.

224 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY*

RAM-BAZZ, adv, suddenly and with great force. Cf. Ram-jam.

Waugh. As owd Ben wur waddlin' whoam fuddle't, one winter

*^5* neet, he coom ram-bazz again th* gate post, an* down he

went. Chimney Comers p. 276.

RAMBLIN', adj, loose, talkative, untrustworthy.

Coll. Usb. Never heed him; he*s a ramblirC soart of a chap.

XOoX.

RAM-JAM, adv, tightly packed, superlatively full.

Waugh. Aw geet ram-jam into th* middle,

'^yg* Chimney Corner^ p. 40.

Ibid. If I wur ramjam full o* sixpences, I shouldn't feel

comfortable. Ibid.,^ p. 46.

RAMPAGE, sb^ a loose, disorderly, or riotous condition.

Coll. Usb. Owd Ned's on the rampage again— drunk from momin*

'88»* till neet.

RAMPS (N. Lane), sb, wild onions. Allium ursinum. Short for
ramsans.

RAMSHACKLE, adj\ disjointed, dilapidated. Icel. ramskakkr.

Coll. Usb. Aw'st trust none o' my bones i* that ramshackle con-

^^^' sam — ^its haaf i' pieces a ready. [Alluding to an old and

broken-down carriage.]

RAN-TAN, sb. a loud noise or knocking.

Coll. Use. What's yon' ran-tan at th' dur [door] ?

z88z.

RAPSCALLION, sb, a wild and reckless person.

Coll. Usb. What a rapscallum thou art ! When wilt'a sattle deawn

*8*'- an' be quiet?

RASCOT, sb. a rascal.

Collier. This mays [makes] me neaw, to cross these rascofs ends,

"'SO* To send agen to my owJ trusty friends.

Works^ p. xxxiii.

RASPS, sb, pi, raspberries.

Lord Bacon. In May and June come Rasps,

'597. Essay 46: Of Gardens,

John Philips. Now with the Corinths, now the Rasps supply

^708- Delicious Draughts. Cyder: A Poem,

Coll. Usb. Goo into th' garden an' get a twothree rasps — ^there's

*8^*' plenty on 'em ripe.

RATCH, V, to stretchy to extend ; figuratively to exaggerate. Low-
land Scotch rax.

Waugh. I think thoose that chatter'n so mich mun raich a bit

'^76. Hermit Cobbler, p. 66,

RATCH, sb. the space in a loom betwixt the yam-beam and the
healds.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 22$

RATEY (Rossendale), adj. rough ; applied to the weather.

RATTON, ) sh, a rat Icel. rotta^ which is, however, a borrowed
ROTTON, J word from F. or Low Latin. M.E. ratoun, O. Fr.
ratoufiy from Low L. ratonem^ ace. of raio^ a rat.

Waugh. a sharper, seawnder set o' dog-teeth never snapt at a

ration I Lane, Sketches, p. 80.

RAW-HEAD, sb. a term of horror, used to frighten children. Pro-
bably the monumental skull in connection with the cross-bones.

Coll. Usb. Husht I go to sleep — raw-head an* bloody-bones '11

'^^'- fetch thee.

RAWKY (N. Lana), adj. damp, foggy. Roky in Norfolk; the same
as reeky,

RAYLEE, adv. pronun. of really.

Waugh. Raylee o* me, Matty, I dunnot like takkin* it.

*^79- Chimney Comer, p. 144.

READ, V, to perceive, to make out, to understand. A common
Lancashire saying among old folks is " Aw con read that as ne*er
wur printed."

Waugh. <* Are they for gettin* their baggin* up yon, thinksto?

X867. They're seechin* summat, bith look on 'em." "Nay,"

replied the other, **aw connot read yon."

Dulesgate, p. 29.

REAR AN' FERRIN (Fylde), sb. the ridge and furrow in a field.

REAWK, V. to get together ; to associate ; to spend time in idle
gossip in neighbours* houses. See Rook, sb.

REAWLY, adj. sleepy, unwashed.

RECKLIN, I sb. the last of a litter, which is generally the smallest ;
RICKLIN, ) the youngest of a family or brood IceL reklingr.

REDDY, V. to prepare, to set right; also to comb or straighten,
applied to the hair. A corruption of Lowland Scotch red, which
is allied to IceL ry^ja^ to clear, and to E. rid. Turned into ready
or reddy by a popular etymology.

Waugh. Come in, an' sit tho deawn while eawr lasses getten

yon kitchen readied d^ bit. — Owd Blanket, c. iii., p. 53.

Ibid. Here ; tak howd o' this horn, an' ready thi yure a bit.

'^79. Chimney Comer, p. 168.

REDDYIN'-COMB, sb. a comb for the hair.

RED-RADDLE, sb. soft fibrous iron ore, used for marking sheep.
Raddle = ruddle, i.e. red stuff. Red-raddle is tautological.

RED-ROBIN, sb. the redbreast.

RED-SHANK, sb. a bird, Scolopax calidris ; applied figuratively and
contemptuously to any bare or red-legged person. It has been

226 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

commonly used in Lancashire ever since the retreat of the bare-
legged Scotch rebels in 1745.

Waugh. Dody felt at his axe, an' he said, **Thou young foo*;

*^59» Thou'lt get a rare twiltin* for stoppin* fro' schoc?;

Hie tho' off like a red-shank^ or th' dur may be teen'd,"
An' he gan him a bit of a lifter beheend.

Lane, Songs : Grindlestone.

REEAM, sb, cream. Icel. rjSmi,

Collier. Estid o' hittin' me, it hit th' reeam-mug ot stood o' th'

'750- bob, an keyvt aw th' reeam into th' foyar . — Works, p. 66.

REEAMIN', part foaming.

REECH, sb, smoke. A.S. rh:. Cf. Scotch reek,

Waugh. Neaw, win jro have a reech o' bacco ?

'®SS. ixtnc. Sketches, p. 53.

Ibid. This is th' reet mak of a country for takkin' th* white

^^^9' out o' yo'r shirts. There's bin nought nobbut reech an'

rain sin' I coom. Chimney Comer, p. 251.

REECH, V. to emit smoke or steam.

Waugh. Afore lung my clooas began o' reechin^ like a lime kil'.

'^79. Chimney Comer, p. 170.

REELER, sb. a mill operative who winds yarn on to a large reel or
barrel.

REE-SUPPER, sb, a second supper.

REESTY, adj, rusted or discoloured ; also applied to bacon which
has become strong and rancid.

RENDER, V. to melt

RICKIN', part, making a noise ; also scolding.

Waugh. «♦ Awve plenty o' brass, mon," said Tip, rickitC abeawt

^^'f' four-pen'oth o' copper in his pocket.

Owd Blanket y c. iv., p. 86.

RICKLE, V, to make a noise, to chatter.

B. Brierlbv. Aw con tell him by th' rickle of his dog buckles.

^^^' Marlocks of Merriton, p. 26.

RICKLIN, sh gambling. Rickltn^'i^-th!-haty shaking pence in a hat

RID, V. to separate. Icel. ry^fa, to clear, to rid; all one with
Mod. E. rid,

RIF-RAF, sb, worthless odds and ends ; the residuum; low company.

Coll. Use. What a lot o' rif-raf we'n getten at this end now. It

'^®'' used to be a quiet, daycent place.

RIFT, V, to belch. Icel. repta^ pronounced refta,
RIGGIN, sb, the ridge of the roof.

Waugh. Away he went on to th' riggin o' th' house, an' started

*®79» o' sweepin' like mad. Chimney Comer, p. 296.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 22^

RIGGOT, $b, a narrow channel, a gutter.

RINDLE, $b, a small stream or brook. A.S. rynel^ a stream or
runnel.

Waugh. Yon dainty rindUs, dancin' deawn

*^59' Fro* meawntains into th* plain.

Lane, Songs : Auve worn my bits o* Shoon,

RIPPER, sb. a thoughtless dare-devil.

Coll. Usb. He*s a reg*lar ripper — ready for owt i' th* way o'

'88x. mischief. ^ ^ ^

RIPSTITCH, sh. a reckless person; literally, one who tears his
clothes.

Coll. Usb. What a ripstitch that lad is ! If aw send him out i' th'

'^** momin' wi* his things o* reet an* tidy, he*ll come back at

neet like a scarecrow.

RIVVEN [ ^^^" ^^^" ^ ^^^ figuratively, vexed, out of temper, angry.

Waugh. A pratty sect he looked 5 his clooas wur riwen^ and

*^'' daubed wi' slutch. Owd Blanket^ c. iii., p. 64.

Ibid. What*s th* matter that thou*rt so riwen to-neet ?

■^79- Chimney Comer, p. 255.

ROADY, adj, mixed ; applied to bacon which has alternate layers
of fat and lean.

Coll. Use. Gi* me an egg an* a collop o* roady bacon — that's the

^^3'' sort of a breakfast for me.

ROBIN-RUN-I*-TH'-HEDGE, sb. the plant bedstraw. Gallium.
ROB-MA WKIN, sb. a scarecrow. See Mawkin.
ROG, V. to shake with a rattling din.

Waugh. Well ; what does he do, but starts ^-roggin* at th' dur,

'^7» as iv th* heawse wur a-fire.

Tattlin' Matty, c. ii., p. 21.

I»io« Then he roggeddX the door, and shouted ** Hello !*'

^^7. Owd Blanket, c. i., p. 7.

ROM, V. to force with violence ; to ram.

Coll. Use. Tha'll not rom that deawn my throat, aw con tell thi —

*®^** ue,<t you will not get me to accept or believe what you

say, however much persuasion you may use.

RONDLE, V. to pull the ears as a punishment.
ROOK, sb, a heap, a number together, a lot.

B. Brikrlev. He*d be makkin* o* sorts o' marlocks wi* th* bed-

'^*' clooas an* cheears an* drawers — tumblin* *em o' of a rook

like an* owd goods shop. Irkdale, p. 47.

Waugh. I*ve made fourpence, to-day, wi* gettin* a rook o* coals

^^f^ in. Chimney Corner^ p. 2^u

228 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

ROOT, V, to search for anything by feeling with the fingers, or with
a stick. Icel. rdta, to turn up ground, as a swine ; to rout about.

Waugh. "Wheer*s mi purse?" said Jack, rootitC amung th*

*^79- slutch i' th* pig-pen. " Nay, thou doesn't need to root

theer !" Chimney Comer ^ p. 271.

ROOTIN', part, adj. meddlesome, inquisitive.

Coll. Use. He's a rootitC tootin* sort of a chap.

i88x. ^

ROPS, sb, the bowels, intestines. A.S. roppas, the bowels, entrails.
ROTTON, sb. a rat. See Ratton.
ROUGH-SPUN, adj\ coarse but honest.

Coll. Use. He's a bit rough-spun; but he's o' reet.

RUBBIN'-STONE, sb. a small stone used for scouring and whitening
the flagged floors of cottages. "White sand an' rubbin^ -stones
for rags and bones" was the cry formerly used by men who went
about the country with small carts or panniered asses, selling the
sand and stones to the cottagers, or exchanging them for rags
and bones.

RUBBIN'-STOOP, sb. an upright pillar of stone or wood, set up
in the pastures for the cattle to rub themselves against

Waugh. Billy stons bi hissel' i' th' world, like th' rubbing-stoop

X876. i» ^1 middle o' th' ten-acre feelt yon.

Hermit Cobbler^ p. 18.

Ibid. It's like shoutin' to a lot o' rubbin^ -stoops in a moor-end

»879. pastur ! Chimney Corner^ p. 361.

RUCK, sb, a heap, a lot Another form of rook.

RUD, adj. red.

RUN-A-BER, 1 sb, a run to get a force, an impetus. ^^r= Lowland
RUNBER, j Scotch beir^ force, impetus.

B. Brierlev. On we went, as if th' train wur takkin a run-a-ber, an'

^'^' wur gooin' to jump o'er Lunnon, an' land somewheer in

France. Ab-o^-th^- Yate in London^ p. 10.

RUNAGATE, sb, an unattached person ; one ready to run at any
one's bidding. In the Old English authors, Tyndale, Latimer,
Raleigh, Shakspere, and Thomas Fuller, the word means a fugi-
tive, a runaway. A singular corruption, due to popular etymo-
logy, of renegate, which occurs in Chaucer. See Renegate in
Skeat's Etym. Diet

Tyndale. A vagabond and a runagate shalt thou be in the earth.

^578. Genesis^ iv. 12.

Shakspere. Stanley: Richmond is on the seas.

i6oa. ^ ^^-^^ . White-liver'd runagate, what doth he there ?

Richard Thirds iv. iv. 464.

Prayer Book. But the runagates continue in scarceness.

Psalms bcviii. 6.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 229

RUNT, sb. a dwarf; a stunted animal or tree.
RUSH-BEARIN', sb, a Lancashire rustic festival

Bamford. xhe rush-bearing was the great feast of the jrear, and

'^^' was held on the anniversary of the dedication of the

church. Early Days, p. 147.

Harland and Wilkinson. The festival of rush-bearing does not always, however,
*^3' coincide with the feast of the dedication. At Altcar the

church is dedicated to St. Michael, September 29, yet
the rush-bearing is celebrated in July. Mr. Roby speaks
of it as an unmeaning pageant still practised in the
northern and eastern parts of Lancashire, for the purpose
of levying contributions.

Legends and Trad, of Lancashire y p. 1 10.

RUSH-BOWTS, sb,pl sheaves of rushes used in making a rush-
cart. See Rush-cart.

Bamford. Others, again, are culling the finest of the rushes, and

*^59' making them into bowts. Early Days, p. 152.

RUSH-CART, sb, a cart trimmed with newly-cut rushes, and used
at the festival called Rush-bearing.

RUSHLEET, sb, a candle made of rush pith dipped in tallow;
used also for any small candle, and metaphorically for a feeble
attempt or display.

Coll. Use. Come on wi' thi iBxHtajD^-rushleety an* let's see what

*^*- tha con do.

RUTE, sb, a hasty, violent determination ; a fit of passion, a
paroxysm of anger.

Bamford. He went away in a great rhute,

'^54- 2)iai, S, Lane, p. 216.

RYEN, sb, a narrow channel or footpath. See Rindle.

RYZEN, adj, twisted. Not the original sense. A.S. hris^ brush-
wood, small twigs; M.E. rys^ ris ; prov. K rice, A ryzen hedge
is a hedge twisted with hedge growth and stakes — called stake and
ether hedge in Wilts Glossary (E. D. S.).

230 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

S.

SACK, V, to dismiss from work ; also sb, dismissal.

Coll. Usb. i. He sacked me straight off, bout (without) a word.

2. "Is yon lad eawt o* wark again?" **Aye, they
gan him t' sack a week sin*.*'

SAD, adj. heavy, solid ; mostly applied to bread which has not been
successfully leavened.

Rev. W. Gaskbll. When a pudding or paste, or any mixture of a similar

*^54» kind, is made too mick, not sufficiently fluid, it is spoken

of as being too **sad" Such a meamng may perhaps be
obtained from the Anglo-Saxon sadian, to saturate ; but
I am disposed to think we get it more directly from the
Welsh word sad, which signifies **firm;** sadiaw, to
make firm ; just as the Lancashire people say of a mixture
for a pudding — " sadden it a bit.** — Lect Lane, Dialect,
p. 9.

[The A. S. sadian, verb, is a mere derivative of sad,
adj., sated, satisfied, firm; and the W. sad is merely
borrowed from the same A.S. adjective. — W. W, S.]

SAFE, adj\ sure, certain.

Rbv. W. Gaskell. In Welsh sc/ signifies certain, and in Lancashire the

*^** ordinary expression instead of " he is sure to do it,** is,

** he is safe to do it,** which is not quite the meaning of the
word in common English. — Led, Lane, Dialect, p. ii.

SAID,/./, silenced, commanded.

Coll. Use. Be said, wilto, or aw*ll knock thi deawn, tha young

'^^'- whelp !

SAIN (N. Lane), sb. lard, fat M.K saim (Stratmann); but also
F. sain.

SAL (N. Lane), v. shall.

SAND-KNOCKER, sb. a sand-grinder. This occupation was
formerly much more common in Lancashire than now, sand
being more frequently used, not only for the purpose of cleaning,
but as a kind of ornament, and to preserve cleanliness. After a
floor had been washed, to **sand'* it was almost the universal
custom.

Waugh. There is a race of hereditary sand-sellers or ** stmd-

'^5* knockers,'** in Smallbridge; a rough, mountain breed,

who live by crushing sandstone rock, for sale in the town
of Rochdale and the villages about it. This sand is
used for strewing upon the nagged house-floor, when the
floor has been clean washed. — Lane. Sketches, p. 130.

SAP, sb. an apple.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 23 I

SAP-SKULL 1 (^* ^^^^O* ^^- a blockhead ; a soft, silly person.

Dr. Barbbr. T* sapheead rooart owt for help. — Fomess Folk, p. 6.

1870.

SAPLESS, adj, foolish, witless.
SARK, sb. a shirt. Icel. serkr.

Burns. There's some sark-nex^ I wad draw tight.

^786. The Cry and Prayer.

Bamford. An* if hat an' sark be drest. — Early Days, p. 153.

1859.

SARKLESS, adj. shirtless.
SARRA (N. Lana), v, to serve.

Dr. Barbbr. IVe a lile pig, an' I went out ya day to sarra it.

*87o- Forness Folk, p. 60.

SATTLE, V. to settle, to sit down.

Waugh. Come, Jamie, an' sattle thisel in a cheer.

^^59. Lane. Songs : Jamie's Frolic.

SAUCE, V. to scold ; also sb, blame, recrimination, impertinence.

Coll. Usb. i. Hoo'U sauce thi weel for that, owd lad.

z88i.

2. If tha 'd hit mo, an' gi* me less o' thi sauce, aw

should be better pleaz'd (pleased).

SOPe' 1 ^^' ^ ^^P' ^ drink.'

Waugh. What '11 tho ha' to sup ? A sau^ o' summat warm

1867. would be th' best, aw think. Owd Blanket, p. 57.

J Sup up, woman ; an' have a saup moor. — IHd. , p. 6 1 .

SAUT-PYE, sh. a salt-box.

SAUT-PYE-BIGGIN', sb. a building slated only upon one side— (of
the same shape as a salt-box).

SAWGH, sb. a willow. A.S. sealh^ cognate with (not derived from)
Lat salix,

SCALE, ] V. to stir, to root out, as, "Skail that fire " = root out the
SKAIL, ) ashes.

Waugh. Ben took up the poker to scale the ashes out of the

'^^^* firegrate. Ben arC th^ Bantam, c. i., p. 14.

SCALLION, sb. a young onion, a shallot [O.F. escalogne ; Lat.
ascalonia^ so named from Ascalon in Philistia. — W. W. S.]

B. Bribrlby. I*d as lief have a buttercake an' a scallion as owt. If

*^^' yo'n no scallions, a two-thri o' thoose tother 3rarbs ud do

as weel. Ab in London, p. 94.

SCAPLINS, sb.pl. stone chips, broken stones.

Waugh. Robin fawurs a chap at's bin brought up o' yirth-bobs

*^5' 2ixC scaplins, Barrtf Cfrgan^^^'sS*-

232 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

SCAW (Ormskirk), sb. the scalp.

SCOANCE, \ sb, a lantern. [From O.F. escons^ hidden, due to Lat

SCONCE, ) absconsus, used for dbsconditus^ hidden. It hence

meant any kind of protection. The Du. schansy a fort, and IceL

skonsy are merely borrowed from O. French. The O. F. esconse,

fem. of esconSy occurs in the sense of a dark lantern, — W. W. S.]

Collier. It begun t* be dark, an* I*r beawt scoance in a strange

»7So. country. Works, p. 5a

SCOG, V, to argue, to dispute ; also (Ormskirk) to tell ironical jokes.
SCOG, sb, B. quarrel or dispute. Allied to shock,

Waugh. Tummus wur too mony for her. Never a day passed

^^79' but they'd a bit of a sco^ o* some mak.

Chimney Comer, p. 129.

SCOPPEREL, sb, a round flat piece of bone with a hole in the
middle, frequently made into a spinner or teetotum ; also applied
metaphorically to a young rascal. Icel. skoppa^ to spin like a
top ; skoppara-kringloy a top (the toy).

Waugh. Give o'er wuzzin up an* deawn th* floor. Thae turns

x866. jjjg mazy. Thae*rt war [worse] nor a scopperil,

Ben arC iJC Bantam, p. 211.

Dr. Barber. T* wind fair-ly tuk me an* skirled me round like a

*^7o. scoppereL Fomess Folk, p. 60.

SCORRICK, sb, a fragment, a crumb. *

Coll. Use. He ett (ate) it o' up in hauve o' minnit — they *r not a

*^^'- scorrick laft.

SCOWBANK, V, to loiter in idleness ; to hang about a place without
an object.

Coll. Use. Come, tha mun shift thi shop ; aw *11 not ha' thi scow-

^^^'' bankirC abeawt here ony lunger.

SCRAN, sK food, bread ; sometimes refuse food.

Waugh. Nat*s bin out o* wark a good while ; an* he*s bin ill

'^79» put to*t for a bit o* scran now an* then.

Chimney Comer, p. 116.

SCRANNEL, \ . ^ . ,„ ^^^
SCRAMMIL, I '*• * ^^ ^^"^

Milton. Their lean and flashy songs

^^37* Grate on their scrannel pipes of wretched straw.

Lycidas, 123.

Coll. Use. He*s a poor scrammil as ever crope on two legs.

iBoZ.

SCRANNY, adj. poor, meagre, generally applied to food.

Waugh. Hard wark, an* pitiful pay, an* poor scranny livin*.

^^7. Owd Blanket, c. iii., p. 71.

SCRAT, V, to scratch. Cf. Swed. kratta, to scrape.

B. Brierley. Th* owd sweeper wur scrattin* away wi* his stump of

*^* a besom. Ab in London, p. 23.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 233

SCRAT, sb, the devil ; generally used with the adjective ** owd '* —
i,e. Owd Scrat.

SCRAUM, V, to scramble awkwardly.

B. BwKRLEY. As I seed IM no chance o' gettin* nowt beaut I helped

^869. mysel', I scraumt howd of a hontful o' buttercakes.

Ab in London^ p. 94.

SCRAUMIN, adj, large and straggling.
SCRAWL, sh, a mean or despicable person.

Shakspbrb. By heaven, these scroyles of Anglers flout you.

'595- K,John, ii. ii. 373.

Coll. Usb. As mean a scrawl as yo *11 meet m a day's walk.

i88i. ' '

SCREED, sb, a shred, a fragment. A.S. scredde^ a shred.

SCREEVE, V. to froth at the mouth, as in a fit.

SCRIMPED, ) adj, small, pinched. Mr. Blackmore in Christowell,
SCRIMPY, J c. 4S, says, ** Dartmoor is not often scrimped

with drought." Cf. Lowl. Sc scrimpit^ dwarfish; allied to

shrimp and shrink.

Coll. Use. He *r a little scrimpy chap — ^moor loike a choilt than a

SCROG, sK a fragment

SCROWE, sk a disturbance, an uproar; a bewildering state of affairs.

Waugh. Dunnot stop a minute upon 't road, or thou '11 be to

*^74' lat, an' there 11 be sic a scrcwe as niwer.

Jannockj p. 63.

SCRUNCH, V, to crush, to crush with a grating sound.

SCRUNT, adj, over-worn or worn out.

Collier. A felly weh o little reawnd hat on' o scrunt wig.

'7SO- Works, p. 63.

SCRUNT, sb, brushwood, stunted undergrowth.

SCUFF, I sL the nape of the neck. " Frisian, skuft^ the withers of
SCUFT, ) a horse, properly the tuft of hair which a person
mounting lays hold of to help himself up. Goth, skuft^ hair of
the head." — Wedgwood. Mr. R. D. Blackmore in his Devon-
shire story, Christowell^ chap. 39, has " scruff of the neck."

Waugh. They very near poo'd me in bith scufl o'th neck, or

'^^^* else aw'd ne'er a stopt theer, thae may depend.

Sneck-Bant, p. 8.

Ibid. Turn him out, I tell ye, or I'll rive him out bi' t' scuft

*^7** o' t' neck. Jannock^ p. 90.

SCUFT, V, to Strike, to beat.

Coll. Use. Aw *11 scuft him warmly if aw catch him — ^see if aw

'^*- dunnot.

234 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

SCUFTER (N. Lane), 1 ,, ^„^
SCUTTER (S. Lane), T^* ^""^•

SCUT, sb, a short coat or other garment.

SCUTCH, V. to beat ; to clean by beating or tearing opea
Scutching is a process in the preparation of cotton, which is now
performed by a machine usually called the ** devil;" formerly
this was done by women who beat the cotton with what were
termed "batting-sticks." Allied to Norweg. skoka^ a ** scutch"
or swingle for beating flax.

SCUTTER, V. to run. The same as Prov. E. scuttle, to run.

Waugh. Witches scutterin* through th* slifters o* th' wole by

*^5S- theawsans. Lanc» Sketches, p. 199.

B. Bribrlby. If childer meeten him anywhere, they scuttem away

*^7o- like a lot o* chickens when there*s a dog abeawt.

Ab on Times and Things, p. 41.

SEA-NEE, sh. a small fresh-water eel.

SEAWL, ) sb, a relish taken with bread ; water mixed with sugar,
SEWL, ) treacle, fat, or other condiment, to take along with
bread. In Rossendale the word is or was applied to anything
eaten with bread and potatoes. Cf. Icel. sufl, whatever is eaten
with bread ; A.S. sufol; Dan. suuL See Havelok, lines 767, 1 143,
2905.

Collier. What wofo times are these I

*7So- Pot-baws are scant, an* dear is seawl an* cheese.

Works D 'K'K

SEAWTERSKULL, sb. a blockhead.
SEECH, V. to seek.

Ramsbottom. To help mi mother, ut*s so kind,

*^^*' Aw'm here an' seechirC wark so late.

Lane, Rhymes, p. 7.

SEED, V, saw.

SEELY, adj, silly, foolish, simple. This word in its older sense —
simple, happy — is spelled by Chaucer as it is pronounced in
Lancashire — sely, and sometimes by Shakspere as seely. A,S.
scslig, orig. happy, lucky, seasonable ; from sal, a fit season, time.

Waugh. Sich seely wark I — Chimney Comer, p. 153.

1879.

SEEMIN'-GLASS, sb, a looking-glass, a mirror.

Waugh. She handed him the looking-glass, or ** seeming-glass,*^

"867. as country folk call it. Owd Blanket, c. i., p. 18,

Ibid. ** I wish thou could see thisel !" " Well ; fot (fetch)

*879» a seemin* -glass, an* let*s have a look.'*

Chimney Comer, p. 151.

SEET, sb, sight, a spectacle.

Waugh. An* eh, hoo wur sich a seet when hoo londed ! Hoo*re

»^^* as thin as a lat (lath). Owd Blanket, p. 73.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 235

SEETH (Ormskirk), v. to sift.

SEG, sb, a. small hard place on the skin of the hand or foot, caused
by much work, or by friction.

B. Brierley. They startn o* feightin* theere as soon as they con

^^^* walk, an' never gi*en o'er till they'n se^ ole o'er 'em.

Irkdale^ p. 64.

SEN, Z'./fW.//. say — ue, "they5^«."

Ramsbottom. My prattiest things they co'n em feaw,

*^** Or quietly sen they're wantin* nowt.

Lane, Rhymes^ p. 55.

B. Brierley. Well, they sen it's better for t' be bom lucky than rich.

^^70. Jit on Times and Things, p. 52.

SEN (N. Lane), since. Short for Mid. Eng. sithen,

J. p. Morris. When I was a varra lile lad — that's a conny lang time

^^7- sen now. Siege o' Brou'ton, p. 3.

SENNIGROON, adj\ having stiflfened sinews.

Coll. Use. I. He's as stifif and sennigroon as an owd tit (horse).

2. Stir abeawt mon ; tha 11 be sennigroon if ta sits i*
that cheer much lunger.

SETS, sb, pi, large paving stones.

SETTLE, sb. a long wooden couch, with arms and wooden back.
A.S. setl^ a seat See Long-settle, ante p. 185.

West Midland Dialect. And he sete in that settel semlych ryche.

^320. Sir Gawayne, 1. 882.

Rev. W. Gaskell. A kind of rude sofa or long wooden seat, with a back

^^54* and arms to it, goes by the name of a settle ; and under

A.D. 796, in the Saxon Chronicle, we meet with **dom-
setl" the judgment seat In the Saxon version, Christ's
overturning the seats of them that sold doves is rendered,
** Hyra-j^//«, he to broec;" and in the translation of
Psalm i., even in Edward the Third's reign, we have,
** Ne sat in setel of storme ungode."

Lect, Lane, DiaUcty p. 17.

SET-TO, sb, a fight, a contest, a dispute.

Coll. Use. They'd a rare set-to deawn i't' kloof ; but t' constables

*^^** dropt on 'em an' stopt ther gam (game).

SET-TO, r. to begin.

Coll. Use. Come, may (make) no moor bawks, but set-to,

i88x.

SHAD \

shed' [ ^* ^^ surpass, to excel.

Collier. This had lik't to shad 9.^ th' Xa'Cd'tx,— Works, p. 40.
1750-

B. Brierley. I*re in as good romancin' fettle as ever Fause Juddie

1869. ypjj^ ^ hg shcui Gulliver. Ah in London, p. 98.

Waugh. « Well if ever 1" cried Betty ; ** that sheds o'.»

^^79- Chimney Corner^ ^, 2*i6,

236 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

SHAFFLE, V. to excuse, to delay.

SHAFFLE-HORN, sb. one who shirks work; a shiftless person.

SHAMMOCK, V, to hesitate, to trifle deceptively, to act awkwardly
or in a shame-faced way.

Waugh. Wheerever hasto bin shammockitC an* doin* till this

"^^5* time o* th' neet ? Besom Ben, c. ix., p. 104.

B. Brierlev. Men wi* blank faces are shammockirC wearily in an'

1869. ezMX» Ab in London^ p. 74.

SHAMMOCK, sh. an awkward, confused, shame-faced person.
SHAMMOCKIN', adj. shy, abashed, bungling, confused.

B. Brierley. Hoo wonders heaw soon some shammockifC lad *11 be

*^7o. lookin* soft at her. Ab on Times and Things ^ p. 80.

SHAN, V. pi. of shall— /.^. " they shanr

SHANDRAY, sb. a one-horse carriage.

SHANDRYDAN (N. Lane), ^b. a cart fitted with springs; an
ancient and dilapidated carriage. Also, a shandray with a hood
or cover set up behind.

SHANK, V, to walk.

B. Brierlev. WeU, I set eaut, shankifC it o th* road, an' a weary

*^^9* treaunce I find it. Ab in London^ p. 67.

SHANKLE, V. to shuffle and idle about

SHANKS'S-PONY, sb. a person's legs. One who walks is said to
"ride on shanks s-ponyP

SHAP )

SHAPF I ^' *^ S^' *^ finish, to manage, or contrive, or attempt.

Waugh. Roddle said, ^^ Shap off" whoam as fast as tho con."

^^55. Lane. Sketches^ p. 13a !

Ibid- Come, lads ; aw want to be shappirC off"— Lobden gate

^^^5* on. Besom Ben^ c. iv., p. 41.

Ibid. «« Theer, thae's shap't that at last, as how ! " said one

'^' of these to his friend, who had just finished [his basin

of soup], and stood wiping his mouth complacently.

" Shapt that," replied the other, **ay, lad, aw can do a

ticket and a hafe (three pints of soup) every momin*."

Cotton Famine^ p. 61.

Coll. Use. He shaps weel at any rate — i.e. he manages or attempts

SHARP-SET, adj. hungry.

Waugh. Beefs noan sich bad takkin, if yor ony ways sharp-set.

*^5S. Lane, Sketches^ p. 103.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 237

SHEED, V. to spilL A.S. sceddatiy to divide ; parU shed.

Waugh. His jackass knocked my gronmother o'er, an* broke

'^^ her pitcher an* sheeded th* milk, an* hoo*ll ha to be paid.

. Are yo aoan beawn to pay for th* milk *at
wur shed^ then ? — Ben an M* Bantam^ c. iv., pp. 79, 80.

SHEEDER, sb. one who spills hquor.

Waugh. «< Hello, Sam, I*ve knocked my ale o*er I** "That*s

1879. leeif my lad,** said Sam (the landlord) ; "one good

sheeder's'WQxih two fiiddlers,** — Chimney Comer ^ p. 178.

SHEPSTER, sb, the starling. So named from settling on sheeps'
backs.

It

SHIFT, tK imperative^ equivalent to ** move out of the way,

SHIFT, sb, energy, power of motion.

Coll. Usb. He*s no moor shift in him than a kittlin (a kitten).

z88i.

SHILTHER, \ , .u„.,,^^,
SHOOTHER, I '*• '''°"^<^«'-

B. Brierlby. Th* little waiter kept on grinnin* at me, an* hutchin*

x86g. jjjg shoothers up. Ab in London^ p. 61.

SHINDY, sb, a game played with a stick and a round piece of wood
or cork. Sometimes called "nurr and spell" — a form of golf.

SHIPPON, sb, a place for housing cattle. A.S. scypen^ the same.
See Chaucer, C 2^, L 2000 \or 2002].

Collier. I gan a glent into th* shipfn^ an seed a mon stonnin*

^75* i» th' groop. Works, p. 56.

SHIRL, adj. shrilL The following appears on a tomb-stone in the
grave-yard of Rochdale Parish Church : —

Here must he stay till Judgment day,
While Trumpets shirl do Sound,
Then must he Rise in Glorious wise.
And Gloriously be Crown*d.

SHIVE, \ sb. a slice, generally a slice of bread ; sometimes used
SHOIVE, } for bread itself. Icel. skifa. Hence Mod. E skivers^
splinters, bits.

Shaksperb. Easy it is

^594- Of a cut loaf to steal a shive.

Titus Andron,, ii, i, 87.

Miss Lahbb. Mi mother fetched her a gradely shive o* curran* loaf

*^5. an' cheese. BeUy 0' Yep, p. 4.

Coll. Use. Tha foo I wear thi brass (money) o* shoive, an* not o'

^88^- drink.

SHOE-LEATHER, sb. used figuratively for a shoe.

Waugh. A honsomer, sweeter-lookin* owd couple never stept

'879- shoe-leather, Chimnty Corner^ ^. \ft^.

238 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

SHOG, V. to jog or jolt ; to go uneasily.

Drydbn. Which with a shog casts all the hair before.

'^^^; Epilogue to The Man of Mode.

SHOO, V* to drive anything before you, at the same time making a
sound like that of ** shoo."

Coll. Use. Here, Nanny, shoo these geese cawt o* th' ficlt,

x8oz«

SHOOF, sb. a shoe.

SHOOL, sb. a shovel A.S. scofl. See "Who Killed Cock
Robin?"—

"I," said the owl,
" With m^ spade and showl,
m dig his grave."

Waugh. Come, shap off, afore aw fling a shool-fsjXL o' red cinders

1W7. at yo ! Owd Blanket^ p. 11.

SHOON, sb.pl. shoes.

Chaucer. His shoon of cordewane. Sir Thopas, 1. 21.

1390.

Shakspbrb. Jack Cade, Spare none but such as go in clouted

^SQa* shoon. Second Henry Sixth, iv. ii. 192.

Milton. The dull swain

^^37- Treads on it daily with his clouted shoon,

Comus, 635.

Kbats. When the soundless earth is muffled,

X817. And the caked snow is shuffled

From the ploughboy*s heavy shoon. Fancy,

CoLLiBR. I thowt meh heart wou*d ha* stmk int' meh shoon,

1750- Works, p. 59.

Waugh. AwVe just mended th* fire wi* a cob ;

1859. Owd Swaddle has brought thi new shoon.

Lane, Songs: Come Whoam,

SHOOTHER, V. to push, to hustle. See Shilther.

B. Bribrlby. Sam shoothered T£i<t into th* cab. Ibid,, p. 88.

X869.

SHORE, sb, a sewer.

Shakspbrb. Empty

*^' Old receptacles, or common shores, of filth.

Pericles, iv. vi. 185.

Coll. Usb. They're breakin' into th' rxaivkrshore again.

x88x.

SHOT, sb, an account owing, a reckoning. IceL skot. See Ale-
shot, ante^ p. %,

CoLLiBR. I thowt t*il know heaw meh shot stons« — Works, p. 55.

1750.

Albx. Wilson. When th* shot wur paid, an' th' drink wur done.

X843. Songs : Johnny Greenes Wedding, p. 58.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 239

SHUDE, sb. the husk of grain, chaff

Coll. Use. " What's to do wi* thi porritch ?" " What's to do wi*

*^*- it ? It could na be mich worse. It's sour, «auty (salty),

shudy, and scaudin' (scalding) hot"

SHULL, sb. the husk or integument See also Hull. Shakspere
gives the word as " shale :" " Leaving them but the shales and
husks of men.*' — Hen. K, iv. ii. 18.

SHUT, V. to be rid of, quit of.

Waogk. Howd te din, an' lie stfll a bit, till aw get shut on

^^- him. Owd Blanket, ^, IZ.

Miss Laubb. Tha con howd it up when tha's getten shut o' thi load.

'875. Charity Coat, p. 14.

SHUTS, sb.pl. shutters.

Wauch. I wur pattia* shuts to, wi th' long brush i' my hands,

'^79- an' th' brush hit th' window.— CA*aMf<y Conur, p. 301.

SHUTTANCE, sb. riddance.

Waugh. Good neet to tho, my lad, an' a good shuttance.

^^79- Chimney Comer, p. 317.

Coll, Usb. ** Is he gone ?" ** Aye ; an' a good shuttance it is."

(Used also as an ironical ** God-speed," f.^., "^Good
shuttame to thi." " Good shuttance to bad rubbish"
is a common expression.)

SHUTTER, V. to slide off, out, or down, as snow from a roof. A
variant of scutter.

Waugh. Bodle lost his howd, an' he coom shutteritC deawn

"855. again, an' o' th' soot i* th' chimbley wi' him.

Lane. Sketches, p. 30.

B. Bribrlbv. Aw could shutter eawt o' th' world as yessily as gooin'

«868. ^ sleep. Irkdale, p. iq2.

SHUZ or \ ,^ ^

Coll. Usb. I, Aw'st goo to-mom shuz what comes.

i88s

2. Shuz heaw tha talks, it '11 mak no difference.

SIB, adj, related, akia A.S. sib, peace, relationship ; Icel. sifjc^r^
adj. related ; Maso-Goth. sibja^ relationship. Langland has sibbe
and syb, P. Plow.^ B-text, Passus V., IL 634 and 636.

SPEifSBx. If that my grandsire me sayd be true,

'^79« Sicker {sure] I am very sibbe to you.

Shepheardes Oilender: May, 1. 267.

CoLLiBR. Yoar sib to thoose Gotum tykes otteh [that you] com-

^750* plen'n so, on ar ne'er satisfy'd. Works, p. 33.

ILsv. W. Gasksll. Another old word which has clung to this part of the

*^54- country is sib, signifying related to. In the Mceso-Gothic,

one term for disciples is siponia. In Anglo-Saxon sibbe

or sib meant alliance or rektionship. In the HarroTtdng^

240 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

of Hell., the earliest of the mirade-plays in English which

has been preserved, we meet with a later form of the

noun :-^

For thi godnesse art thou myn.
More for thi godnesse
Than for eny sihnesse.

The adjective frequently occurs in the old Engfish stage
of the language. We have it in Robert of Gloucester,
and in Chaucer. It is one of the words, too, which
Spenser employs both in the Faerie Queene and the
Shepheardes Calender, Led, Lane, Dialect ^ p. 21.

Waugh. O* th* childer i* th* country met (might) ha* belnnged

1879- to *em, for everything *at they let on seemed to tak to

'em, as if they were*n ever so sib (akin).

Chimney Corner^ p. 146.

SICH-LIKE {i,e, such-like), adj, of the same kind.

Waugh. Sich-like sleeveless ¥^ark as that. — Tattling Matty, p. 1 8.

1867.

SIDE, adj, deep, long. A.S. sid; IceL sf6r^ long, hanging.

Bamford. A curtain or garment is said to be side when it hangs

'^50. low : " A side s£irt ; " "it hangs very side ;" " it's made

toojiflfe." MS, Glossary,

SIDE, V, to clear, to make tidy.

Waugh. Get this place sided up ; th' coach '11 be here directly.

*^7S. Old Cronies, p. 20.

Ibid. Here, Sally, help me to side this table.

*879' Chimney Comer, p. 36.

SIDLE V, to go aside or sideways ; to get away unnoticed.

Coll. Use. He sidled up to his mother an* axed her t' forgive him

x88x. fQj ^jjjg Qjjjjg^

SIDTH, sb, depth, length. See Side, adj,
SIKE, V, to sigh, to sob. A.S. sican,

Chaucer. For fere of which he quook and syked sore.

'380. MonkesTale,\,^y^

Ramsbottom. An' his mother, eh, Lord I heaw hoo soikt,

'^*- Lane. Rhymes, pw 17.

SIKE, sb, a drain, a gutter. M.E. sike (Stratmann) ; Icel. sik,

SILE (Lytham), v. to strain milk. Icel sia, to filter. See Halliwell.

SIMNEL, sb, a cake, made of flour, spice, and currants, eaten in
Lancashire on Mid-Lent Sunday, usually with the accompaniment
of braggat or spiced ale.

Rev. W. Gaskell. There is a kind of cake for which the town of Bury is

'^^* famous, and which gives its name in these ports to Mid-

Lent Sunday — I mean symnel. Many curious and ^mciful
derivations nave been found for this ; but I feel no doubt

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 34 1

that we must look for its true origin to the Anglo-Saxon
simbU or simU, which means a feast, or, symblian, to
banquet. Simnd was evidently some kind of the finest
bread. From the Chronicle of Battle Abbey we learn
that, in proof of his regard for the monks, the Conqueror
granted for their daily use 36 oz. of ** bread fit for the
table of a king, which is commonly called sinuml ;^'* and
Roger de Hoveden mentions among the provisions
allowed to the Scotch king at the court of England
* * twelve simenels, " " Banquet bread, " therefore, would
seem to come very near the meaning of this word. I
may just observe, in passing, that the baker's boy who in
the reign of Henry VII. personated the Earl of Warwick,
was most likely called '* Lambert Simnel" as a sort of
nickname derived firom his trade.

Led, Lane, Dialect^ p. 18.

[But it is now well known that the word is French*
It is spelt simenel in Havelok and in Old French ; simi'
nellus in Low Latin (Ducange). It is a corruption o
similellus (the double / being differentiated), a derivative
of Lat. simi/a, wheat flour of the finest quality. It was
so called because made 6{ the best flour. Cf. G. semmel,
wheat-bread, borrowed from Latin. The A.S. word
has nothing whatever to do with it. — W. W. S.]

SIMNEL-SUNDAY, s^. the festival of Mid-Lent
SIMPLE^ adj. poor, lowly.

Coll. Use. Gentle an' simple, o' together^ an' o' alike.

x88i. ^ ^

SIN', adv. since.

SINGLET, sd. a waistcoat ; also a woollen under-shirt

Collibr. I donned meh Sunday jump o' top o' meh singlet.

"7SO- IVorks, p. 41.

Waugh. The most remarkable part of his dress was a slack,

*^5« short jacket, or singlet, with sleeves. The front of it was

of undressed calf-skin, with the hair outside.

Besom Ben, c. i., p. 6.

SINK, sb. a drain, the eye of a sewer.

SINK-STONE, sb. a stone slab or shallow trough connected with
the drain, and used for washing dishes, &c See Slopstone.

Waugh. Hoo lays howd of a greight tin can 'at stood upo* th*

^*79' sink-stone. Chimney Comer, p. 129.

SIPE, V. to drink. Allied to sip and sup.

SIPEIN, part adj. dripping.

Waugh. One day, when th' rain vmr peltin' down, Tummy

'879- coom runnin' into th' kitchen, out o' th' garden, sipdn^

weet. Chimney Comer, p. 129.

SITTER, sb. a festered burn.
SKARN, sb. dung. IceL skam.

242 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

SKEDLOCK, sb. charlock, a weed which grows among com and in
waste places. Sinapis arvensis. See Keddle-dock {ante^ p. 1 7 2),
which, however, is not the same plant

Waugh. Eawr Billy 'd ha* to wear a skedlock in his hat.

^^^7. Ben an' th' Bantam^ p. 52.

SKEER (N. Lana), sb. a stone patch or bed on the sea-shore or
on sand-banks.

SKELBOOSE, sb, a passage by the side of a cattle stall, made so
that a man can get to the fodder-rack in front of the cattle. See
Boose.

SKELP, V. to hit or strike violently. See Jamieson's Scottish Diet

SKELP, sb. a blow.

Coll. Use. He gan him a skelp o*t* side of his yed 'at sent him

*^^** spinning into t' ditch.

SKEN, V, to squint

Waugh. He shens ill enough to crack a looking-glass, welly.

^^55' Lancashire Sketches: Bury to Rochdale^ p. 27.

B. Brierley. Aw connot help thinkin' abeawt booath on *em at

1868. onct ; a sort o* skenntn thowt, yo* seen, same as lookin'

at two pint pots till they booath go'n int* one.

IrkdaU^ p. 196.

SKEP, sb, a hive. See Skip.

SKEW (Ormskirk), v. to fly sideways. A hawk skews about

SKEW-WHIFT, adj. awry, askew, on one side ; used also meta-
phorically to express an awkward temper.

Coll. Use. He*s a bit skeW'Whift in his mind, tha knows.

1881. -^ *

SKIFT, V. to remove, shift

Waugh. . The instant Dimple felt his touch he shot out his hind-

*^^S' feet like lightning, catching Twitchel a little below his

dinner-trap. **0 — oh!" cried Twitchel, laying his

hands upon his belly, "that*s shifted vxy ba^in above

a bit I" Besom Ben^ p. 26.

SKILP (N. Lane), sb. a shelf.

SKINFLINT, sb. a stingy person, a miser.

SKIP, sb, a large and coarse wicker basket. Such baskets, square
in shape, are much used in the Lancashire mills for packing
cotton weft Icel. skeppa^ skjappa. See Skep.

Rev. Rich. Morris. Skep^ a basket, in the Cursor^ is widely known. In

*^76« the North it is a deep, round, coarse basket. In Sussex

it means a flat bushel, a vessel for yeast, a bee-hackle, a
bee-hive (as in Norfolk), and even a hat.

Survival of Early Eng. Words*

SKIP, sb, an infant's gown.

SKIRL (N. Lane), v. to cry, to call loudly, Cf. E. shrilL

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 243

SKRIKE, V, to shriek ; sb, a shout, an outcry, a shriek.

Dr. John Dek. Somewhat like the shrich of an owle, but more longly

*58*» drawn, and more softly, as it were in my chamber.

Private Diary, p. 11.

Waugh. I thought Td go too, an' give a bit of a shrike for

^^79* summat or another, among th* lot.

Chimney Comer, p. 40.

B. Bribrlev. Th* wimmen seet up a skrike as loud as if Owd Sooty

'^^* had popt his horns in at th* dur. IrkdaU,

SKRIKE-O'-DAY, sb. daybreak. Literally, the first voice or call of
the day.

Collier. I geet up be skrike-o-day on seet eawt.

"7SO- Works, p. 41.

Waugh. They crope off one momin* just afore skrike <?* day,

^^75. Old Cronies, p. 13.

SKUG (Oldham), sb, dirt

SKYME, V, to refrain, to decline a thing, to be indifferent or disin-
clined, to draw up the nose scornfully. As : " What arto skytnirC
at ?" ** Eat, an' dunno skymeJ'

SKYMOUS, adj, squeamish, fastidious in eating, indifferent. Skoy-
tnose in Halliwell.

SLACK, sb. the loose or baggy part of the trousers.

Waugh. I took it bi th' slack o* th* breeches, an' chuckt it into

^^79* th' pond. Chimney Comer, p. 229.

SLACK, sb, a hollow place; a hollow between sand-hills on the
coast Also a depression between hills, corresponding with that
which in Welsh is called a " Bwlch.'* Icel. slakki.

Anon. The great interest of the sandhills is the ^^ slacks" as

1880. ^jjg country people call the low-lying hollows between.

Every here smd there the hills have receded and formed
a little fiat valley, where there is something like soil, and
where the rain lodges and the mosses grow. This is a
''slack ;** and in the Lancashire slacks may be found
some of the most beautiful, and certainly one of the
rarest — ^perhaps the very rarest — of English flowers.
Arenaria, or the sand pyrola, is to be found
nowhere except among the slacks of me Lancashire sand-
hills. Pall Mall Gazette, Sept 11, 1880.

Lbo H. Grindon. At Birkdale, in the moist hollows among the sand-

1882. jjjllg^ called the '' slacks, ^^ the marsh epipactis and the

Orchis latifolia grow in profusion.

Illustrations of Lancashire, p. 7^*

Ilack-jaw, ) '^- ^"^^"^ *^^

Waugh. I never seed a lot o* chaps so altered sin' th' last

*^^7' February. At that time no mortal mon hardly could

walk through 'em beawt havin' a bit o' slack-jaw, or a
lump o' clay flung at him. But it isn't so neaw.

Factory Folk, p. 122.

244 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY,

SLACK, sb, small coals.

Coll. Use. Come, wi mun ha' some cobs ; this coal 's aw slack,

i88x.

SLACK, V, to cover the fire with small coals so as to make con-
sumption slow.

SLACK, adj, not busy ; short of work.

Coll. Use. «< Is yore factory stopped ?" "Aye, we've bin slack now

^^^** for mony a month."

slank' [ ^^* ^^^i ^^^^> ^^^

Waugh. I'm as slamp as a sack-full o' swillin's.

^^79. Chimney Comer, p. 113.

SLANCE, V, to Steal, to pick up furtively, to take pickings from meat.
SLAPE, adj. smooth, bare, slippery. Icel. sletpr,

SLAT, V. to dash water or other liquid on anything ; to spill. Icel.

sletta,

*

Waugh. How would to like me to slcU tho o' th' face wi* a

*^S- stockin'-fuU o* slutch, some Sunday, when tiiae 'rt

swaggerin' at front o' th' parson ?

Barrel Organ, (Altered to "j/a/" in last edition.)

SLATTER, V. to spill (as water) or scatter (as sand). Frequentative
of slat Hence E. slattern.

B. Bribrlby. Some on *em took to an* slattert ther tears same as if

^^'^' they'd lost th' corks o' ther e'en. Irkdale, p. 49.

Wa^gh. Do be quiet, an* let me set these things. Thae'U make

1868. jjjg slatter 'em Sneck-Bant, p. 14.

SLAY, sK th^ hand-board of a loom. See Sley in HalliwelL
SLECK, sb. small fine coal. See Slack.

Waugh. Th* fire '11 tak care ov itsel*. Aw put some sleek on.

^^' Sneck-Bant, p. 55.

SLECK, V. to slake.

SLECKIN', sb. the slaking of thirst.

Waugh. Seven pints ! What*s seven pints to a mon o' my size?

X879. I need more sleckin^ than these under-size't kitlins.

Chimney Comer, p. 362.

SLED, sb. a sledge. M.E. sUde. Prompt. Parv. IceL slelSi.

Waugh. The lad darted into the house with his wooden ^^sled*'

^^75' upon his back. His mother said, " Put that sled o' thine

out o' th' gate." Old Cronies, p. 28.

SLEDS (Lancaster), sb. shoes.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 245

SLEEVELESS, adj\ useless, unprofitable, shiftless See Shak.,
Troilus and C, v. iv. 9.

Collier. Meh mind misgives meh ot 3roar*n gooin' a sleeveless

*75o- amt [arrant, errand]. Works, p. 42.

Waugh. He thinks o* nought i* th* world but race-runnin* an*

1867. wrostlin*, an* pigeon-flyin', an' single-step doancin*, an*
sich like sleeveless wark as that. — Tatlin* Matty, p> 1 8.

SLIFT, V. to slide.
SLIFTER, sb. a crevice.

Waugh. He could see witches scutterin' through th' slifters o* th*

^^55* ^ole [wall] by theawsans. Lane, Sketches ^ p. 199.

Ibid. There is'nt a slifter, nor a ginnel, nor a gorse-bush *at

^^79* »ud house aught bigger than a mowdiwarp.

Chimney Comer, p. 170.

SLIM, V. to do worthless work. Cf. IceL slcemr^ vile.
SLIPPY, quick.

B. Brierlby. Goo whoam an' be slippy* IrkdaU, p. 34.

1868. -^^^ ^ **^

SLIWIN, sb. a number of hanks of yam put together.
SLOPSTONE, sb, a place for washing. See Sink-stone.
SLOTCH, sb, a drunkard, a disgusting fellow.

Waugh. Owd Trmal ! That's another racketty x/^/rA /

*^79- Chimney Comer, p. 155.

SLOVEN, part, adj, split, cloven, /./. of slive; M.E. sliven^ from
A.S. slifafiy to cleave.

SLOYTHER, "\v, to loiter; to go about carelessly; to draw the
SLUTHER, J feet listlessly dong the ground.

SLUBBINGS, sb. pi, slightly twisted cops of woollen or cotton yam,

SLUR, sb. a slide on the ice.

SLUR, V. to slide.

Waugh. Betty cried out, "Stop it ! Do stop it ! Aw*m slurrin*

x868. offj» Sneek'Bant, p, Ss,

SLUTCH, sb. mud. Also, sludge in Southem Eng.

Waugh. A drunken slotch, as thou art, — ^keawerin' i* th*chimbley

'^79- barkle't wi* slutch f Chimney Comer, p. 152.

SMIDDY, sb. a smithy. IceL smi'^ja.

SMIDDY-SMUDGE or SMITHY-SMUDGE, sb. The fine coal-
dust of a blacksmith's shop and forge.

Waugh. Of his caligraphy he seemed particularly proud, for he

'^55' declared that " Tim [Bobbin] could write a dear print

bond, as smo' [small] as smithy-smudge,''*

Lane, Sketches, p. 55.

Ijjo- Aw*m as dry [thirsty] as smithy-smudge,

"^5- Besom Ben,, r^. q. '

246 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

SMITE, sb. a bit; a small portion of anything. Lit. **a smear;"
the K verb smiU meant originally to smear or rub, as well as to
hit Hence smut.

Waugh. If thae gets thi back tum't, thae doesn't care a smite

^^5- for noather me nor th* childer. Besom Ben^ p. 104.

Ibid- *« Nonsense I" said the landlady. " It '11 not do tho

*^^7' a smite o* harm, lass." Owd Blanket^ p. 61.

SMITTLE (N. Lane), adj, infectious. A.S. besmitan^ to pollute.
SMOOR, V. to smother. A.S. smorian.

Waugh. He seized her round the neck, and kissed her so

*^7« heartily that she cried out, ** Oh, Ben ; thae'U smoor mo !

Give o'er; do I" Owd Blanket, p. 22.

Ibid. Another woman took her clog off, and held it up,

^867. saying, **Look at that. We're o' walkm' o' th' floor;

an' smoort wi' cowds" [colds].

Home Life of Factory Folk, 18.

SMOOT, adj. smooth.

Collier. Hoo's OS smoot os o mowdiwarp. Works, p. 57.

SMOUCH, sb. a kiss.

Collier. Ney, Meary, le meh ha' one smeawtch ot partin'.

^750. IVorks, p. 71.

SMUDGE-HOLE, sb. the chimney.

Waugh. He set tone foot onto th' top bar, an' up he went

'^^s* into th' smudge-hole. Lane, Sketches,^, 28.

SMUSH, adj. smart, finely dressed.

Coll. Use. What's up this momin' — thae'rt as smush as if it wur

1881. Sunday.

SNAFFLE, V, to speak through the nose. Cf. Du. snavel^ a horse's
muzzle ; whence E. snaffle-bit.

SNAPE, V. to pinch or starve ; to check or restrain ; to snub. Icel.
sneypa, to disgrace ; Tudor E. sntap^ to chide.

Shaksperb. Like little frosts that sometime threat the spring,

»S93» To add a more rejoicing; to the prime.

And give the sneaped birds more cause to sing.

Lticrece, 331.

Waugh. When they snapen your heart, an' they stinten your fare,

*875« It's time to be joggin' away.

Old Cronies y p. 24.

Coll. Use. Tha's snafd him neaw ; he '11 not speyk (speak) again

^^^*- to-neet.

SNARL, V. to twist, to entangle. From E. snare.
SNARL, sb. a knot or tangle in a thread of yam.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 247

SNECK, sb. 2l small catch or latch upon a door. Cf. Icel. snikka^
to cut, in allusion to the notch of the catch.

SNECK-BANT, sb, a string coming through a hole in a door just
below the " sneck," by means of which the latch is lifted from
the outside.

Waugh. In some of these old settlements [about Smallbrid^e

^^55' and Wardle] there are houses where the door is still

opened from without by a ** sneck-banty** or "finger-
hole." Lane, Sketches i p. 124.

SNERP, 1 /XT T ^ ^ I, • 1

SNERPLE I ^ Lane), v. to shnvel up.

SNICKET, sb. a naughty or forward girl.

Waugh. Nay, sure ; is it that impident snicket ?

*^79. Chimney Comer, p. 26.

SNICK-SNARLES, sb. pi. entanglements in thread, the result of
being too much twisted. See Snarl.

SNIE, I V. to rain or snow thickly. Halliwell gives snee^ to abound,
SNEE, j swarm.

SNIFT, V. to whimper. Allied to snivel and sniff,

SNIFT, sb. a moment, a short space of time, as: " Aw con do it in
a snift.^^

Collier. I clum th* steigh [ladder] in o mift, — Works , p. 44.

Waugh. Stop a minute ; aw'U be deawn in a snifi.

*^7. Owd Blanket, p. 14.

SNIG, sb, an eeL Snig-^it was formerly a common dainty in Lan-
cashire. Cf. Icel. snigill, a snail.

Waugh. By th* mon, Ben, thae'tt as lennock as a snig,

^^^^' Sneck'Bant, p. 29.

SNIG, V. to snatch.

SNIGGED (Failsworth),/^;'/. twisted suddenly and roughly.

SNIGGER, V. to laugh derisively or in a hidden manner.

Waugh. Ay ; thou may weel snigger and laugh !

^^79- Chimney Comer, p. 151.

SNIGH, V, to draw the nose together ; to sniff.

Coll. Use. «« Ate (eat) thi dinner : wot arto snighin' at? Wot

^^^^* dosto snigh up thi nose at ? Is it no good enough ?"

SNIPPET (Ormskirk), sb, a dish of baked meat and potatoes.

SNOD, adj, smooth, easy, snug, comfortable. IceL snau'^r. Cf.
Snodgrass.

Waugh. Rough and free as so many i^^^-backed mowdiwarps

*^5* \i,c. smooth^backed moles]. Lane. Sketches, p, 189.

248 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

SNOOZE, V. to sleep.

SNOOZE, sb, sleep, a short sleep.

SNOUT-BAND, sb. the iron on the toes of a clog sole.

SNUDDLE, V. to lie close together. Cf. snod.

SNUFT, sb. the burnt wick of a candle.

Waugh. Then he deed. He went out as quiet as th' snuft o* a

^^79. ^ candle. Chimney Comer y p. 146.

SNURCH, V. to snort or snigger in a smothered kind of way.

Waugh. Nae then, come. Aw yer yo* snurchirC an* laughin'

^^5' theere. Besom Ben, p. 43.

B. Bribrlby. "Dick, dunno sit snurchirC theere." "It*s yo uts

*868. snurchin\ noa me,*' Dick retorted. Irkdale^ p. 237.

SODDEN, adj. heavy with water ; applied also to bread which has
been imperfectly leavened. See Thodden.

SOLCH, ] sb. the noise made by treading or falling on a morass or
SOLSH, J damp place ; adv. in a mass, heavily.

Waugh. My shoon made a weet sokh every time aw planted a

^^^- hoof. Sneck-Bant, p. 7.

Ibid. I let [alighted] solsh up to th* middle i' some slutch.

^^79- Chimney Comer, p. 174.

SOLOMON'S-SALE, sb. Solomon's-seal. Polygonatum miUtiflorum.

Waugh. It *11 cost thrippence or fourpence for Solomon' s-sale to

*^79' get thi een reet ! Chimney Corner , p. 154.

SOMEBRY, sb. somebody. [In Norfolk, I have heard noburu—r
pronounced nearly as E. no-borough — for nobody. W. W.* S.]

Waugh. If I had ony company I*d pike somebry *at wur some

"879- bit like daycent. Chimney Comer, ^. i^^.

SOOF,

SOUGH,

SUFF,

sb. a drain or sewer. Sough in Halliwell.

B. Bribrlby. Like rottens [rats] in a soqf, — Ab in London, p. 119.

1869, 1. J ^ » *^ •

SOSS, sb. the sound caused by a soft body falling.

SOSS, V. to sit down heavily or clumsily.

SOUR-DOCK, j^. meadow sorrel. Runux acetosa. Called also in
\j2XiC2^\ri— green-sauce.

»44o« Sowre dokhe (herbe) Prompt. Parv.

SOWE, sh. the mixture of flour and water used by the hand-loom
weaver for sizing the warp. Now called size.

B. Bribrlby. iVe known th* owd lad sit at his loom wi* a stick at th'

"^®' side on him fort* keep th* childer fro* atin his sowe,

they*m so clemmed. — Ab on Times and Things, p. 15.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 249

SPACK, V. to entice, to prevail upon, to reconcile. Perhaps merely
a form of speak.

Waugh. Hoo took a deeol o* spackin (enticing, reconciling)

'^76. to th' shop when we first geet wed.

Hermit Cobbler^ p. 59.

SPANK, V, to provoke, to irritate ; also, to beat

SPANKIN', part. adj. dashing, bold. A certain Roger Aytoun,
formerly a well-known commander of volunteers in Manchester,
was always called "Spanking Roger."

SPAN-NEW, adj. quite new.

Coll. Use. Ther's bin a wind-fo* somewheer ; everythin* *at he's

'^^^* getten on *s span-new.

SPARK-OUT, adv. entirely extinguished.

Coll. Use. He'U goo spark-out — ue. be entirely lost or forgotten.

Xeol.

SPARRABLES, sb.pl sparrow-bills, small nails used by shoemakers.

SPEAN (N. Lane), v. to wean. See spane^ speans^ in Halliwell.

SPEAR, 1 sb. a wooden partition beside the door of a cottage, which
SPEER, J opens directly into the living room of a house. Lit.
a spar.

B. Brierley. * < Mally, this spear wants painting. " * • Aye, " aw said,

x868. « |j^^ ther*s a ale-shot wants papir an' rubbin' off afore

we can paint it." IrkdaUy p. 266.

SPEEL (Preston), sb. a splinter. M.E. speld^ a splinter.

SPELK, sb. a chip of wood ; a splinter to bind a broken limb. Cf.
E. spelicans^ a word of Dutch origin.

Waugh. We mun ha' tho spelkU up a bit, owd craiter, or else

"^79. thou'll be tumblin' i' lumps. — Chimney Corner^ p. 113.

SPER, V. to enquire, to ask. A.S. spyrian^ to track, from spor, a
track; IceL spyrja; Sc speer.

West Mid. Dialect. Not fer fro that note place

'S***' That ye han spied and spuryed so specially afler.

Sir Gawayne^ 1. 2092.

Collier. I went t' Rachdaw [Rochdale], on sperr'd this mon

1750. eawt. Works, ]^.SS.

Rev. W. Gaskell. Instead of to ask, or inquire, a word frequently used

*^S4' by a Lancashire man is spir, equivalent to the tJcotch

speer. This, again, is genuine Anglo-Saxon. In his

translation of Boethius, King Alfred uses it when he

says "he wile spyrian," meaning he will inquire.

Lect, Lane, Dialect^ p. 16.

Waugh. " Mistress, can yo tell me wheer Jenny Pepper lives ?"

^^79' *<I know nought about her. Sper fiir [ = ask further

on], an' shut th' dur." Chimney Corner, p., 31.

250 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

SPICK-AN'-SPAN, adj. neat and new ; bright and fresh.

Coll. Use, He's as sfdck-arC -span as a new hauf-creawn (The

^^^' meaning is the same as in the more modem phrase, " He

looks as if he came out of a band-box.")

SPINK, sb, the chaffinch. Fringilla coslebs,

SPOON-MEAT, sb, soft or liquid food, in opposition to meat which
has to be masticated

Waugh. "Thou*rt welcome, if thoull have a bit." **Nayj

*^7^* aw'm livin' o' spoon-meight at present."

Chimney Corner^ p. 39.

SPREE, sb, a frolic ; a bout of drinking. Introduced from Ireland }
Irish spre^ animation.

Waugh. A frolic '11 just be the physic for me !

"^59. Aw'll see some fresh places.

An' look at fresh faces —
An' go have a bit of a spree,

Lancashire Songs : Jamiis Frolic,

SPRIG, sb. a small sharp nail having no head.

SPRINT, sb. a short quick race. See sprunt in Halliwell ; allied to
E. spurt = a violent exertion.

Waugh. Kempy was a famous **^nW-runner," well known

1867. jji ^j^gj ^jjg country side. Owd Blanket y p. 82.

SPROD, V. to swagger, to pretend.

SPROD, sb. salmon-trout.

SPROTE, V. to brag, to amplify, to exaggerate, to display.

SPROZE, V. to talk big, to swagger. Bamford gives Sproziri,
self-exalting; Sprozt^ self-exalted.

STADLES, sb. pL marks of the smallpox.

STAGGED-UP, participial phrase^ exhausted. Cf. Scotch stuk,
E. sticky verb, stucky i.e. stuck fast.

Waugh. << Is that one of thy childer at sits atop o' th' jackass?"

*^^^' "Nawe," replied Ben in a whisper, **it belungs this

woman here. Aw let on her o' tother side Yealey Ho*;
quite stagged'up," Ben atC th^ Bantaniy p. 71.

Ibid. Th' owd lad wur as clemmed as a whisket, an' he wur

i879' fair stagged'Up o' gates [all ways].

Chimney Comery p. 116.

STALE, sb. a long handle for a brush or mop. M.E. stahy sidcy
handle; A.S. stely a stalk. Allied to stalk. Mr. R. Jeffries
\Wild Life in a Southern County y p. 70) says: **The peculiar
broad-headed nail which fastens the mop to the stout ashen

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 25 1

* steak * or handle, is also made in the village. I spell * steale *
by conjecture, and according to pronunciation. It is used also
of a rake : instead of a rake-handle they say idke-steale,**

Spbnssr. And in his hand an huge pole-axe did beare,

IS90* Whose siea/e was yron-studded,

F, Queene, Bk. V., c. 14.

STAWm?' 1 ^'''■'- ^"" *° repletion.

Coll. Use. " Wilto have another plate o' beef before aw put mi

^^^'* tools away ?" "Nay, aw'm stalled at last ; aw couldn't

find another comer shuz what aw did/'

STALL-OFF, sb, a pretence, an equivocation.

Coll. Use. Tae no notice on him — it's nobbut a stall-off,

1881. ^

STANG, sb, a pole. A.S. steng; Icel stong (gen. sing, stangar^
whence the prov. E. word).

Waugh. Dan o' Swapper's said, "Now, then, Caleb, — we'n

x879« made it for thee to carry th' pow." An' he ga' me

howd of a greight stang, about twelve feet long.

Chimney Corner^ p. 172.

STANG-RIDIN', sb, sl mode of punishment, consisting of the riding
of a man on a pole.

Rev. W. Gaskell. In Anglo-Saxon a pole was steng, and in Danish it is

^^54' stangy which is the word used in Lancashire, especially

in connection with a curious custom which formerly pre-
vailed, and may still in some parts of the county, called
" riding stang." The only time I can recollect witnessing
it, it was intended for the punishment of a wife who had
beaten her liege lord. A boy was mounted on a pole,
the stangy and carried through the street in which she
lived, reciting some doggrel rhymes, in which the offender's
name was brought in and held up to scorn, and accom-
panied by a drumming of pans and kettles. Mr. Bamford
gives a somewhat different account of stang-ridin\ He
says, * * The unfortunate wife is carried through the village
on a stangy while some witty neighbour proclaims, often
in rude rhjnne, the poor fellow's sufferings and humilia-
tions at home, in some such words as these : —

* Ting, tang, to the sign of the pan 1
Our good neighbour's wife
She has beat her good man.
It was neither for boiled nor for roast.
But hoo up with her fist, an'
Knocked down Mesther, post.' "

Led, Lane, Dialect, p. 30.

Harland and Wilkinson. The practice of what is locally called stang-ridin^ was
'^^a* practised in Lancashire some forty years ago. When a

man or woman is detected in an act of unfaithfulness, a
framework of two long poles is procured, across which
is placed a fiat board, to serve as a seat. The person
who has offended is caught by the crowd, and tied fast
to the seat with cords. A procession is formed, and the

R

352 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

culprit is carried aloft on the shoulders of four men,
attended by a crowd, who make all the discordant noises
they can, on pots, pans, and tea-trays, as they pass along
the road. Arrived at the front of any house, the pro-
cession halts, and the leader proclaims the names of the
parties, with the time and place when the fault has been
committed. When the real parties cannot be captured a
substitute is found, and the procession takes place as if
the offenders were really present. The writer accom-
panied one of these processions, in the neighbourhood of
Blackburn, when quite a youth ; and the feud thus created
was not allayed for many years.

Leg, and Trad, of Lane », p. 174.

STANNER (Lytham), sh. a ridge of stones formed by the sea.

STARK, adj. superlative or duplication of stiflfi as " Aw'm stark wi'
walkin*," and " He's stiff an' stark by this time," ue, — " He is
dead." A.S. stearc,

Shakspsrb. Shall, stiff and stark and cold, appear like death.

^59Jt-3' Romeoy iv. i. 103.

STARK-NAK't, adj, entirely naked; an emphatic form of "naked"

Shakspbrb. Stood stark-naked on the brook's green brim.

^599. Passionate Pilgrim, p. 80.

Coll. Use. " Had he nowt on ?" ** Not he — ^he was as stark-

^8^'' nak^t as when he wur bom."

STAW (Ormskirk), v, to stop : a horse if pulled up when drawing a
cart is staved, Staw = stall; see Stall (5) in HalliwelL

STAWMP, if. to stagger clumsily.

STEAWND, U, astound, Le. confound.

Waugh. The dule steawnd thee and thi Uncle Joe too I

'^- Ben an' th' Bantam, p. 96.

STEAWNGE, v, to cause a sharp, intense, and poignant pain. Allied
to E. sting, Cf. LowL Scotch stang^ a sting. Bums begins his
Address to the Toothache, " My curse upon thy venom'd stangP

Waugh. Every time I set my foot down there's a steawngin'

"Syg* pain strikes straight up from my toe to th* top o* mi yed.

Chimney Comer, p. 18.

Ibid. It steawnges an* lutches to that degree that I sometimes

wish my yed would fly straight off. Ibid,, p. 143.

STEE (N. Lane.), ) a ladder, a stile. A.S. stigan^ to climb, to
STEIGH (S. Lane), ) rise, to ascend; Icel. stegi, stigi.

Collier. I clum th* steigh in o snift. Works, p, /ul,

x7Sa

STEGG (N. Lane.), sb, a gander. Same as E. stag ; see Icel. steggr,
steggi.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 253

STEP-MOTHER'S-BLESSING, ib. a little break or soreness in the
skin below the nail.

STICK-FAST, V, to take firm hold. Stuck-fast^ to be in a dilemma
or position of difficulty.

Coll. Use. 1. Neaw lads, stick-fast; if that rope slips we're dun for.

2. He's stuck'fast neaw, if ever he wur in his loife.

stithy' [ ^^* ^" anvil. Icel, stedu

Chaucer. The smyth

X380. That forgeth scharpe swerdes on his stith,

Knightes Tale^ 1. 1167.

STINGO, sk Strong ale ; metaphorically, anything powerful.

STIR, V, to depend, to rely ; literally to move upon.

Waugh. Well, he^s nought mich to stir on, for sure ; but he

^879- helps me as weel as he con. — Chimney Corner^ p. 144.

STIR, sb, 2l merry-making, a party, a tumult

Coll. Use. **Yo'n had a rare stir last week." **Aye; it wur

*^^^- eawr Mall's first christenin'."

STON, V, to stand.

Bampord. Yon's eawer Daniel wife spirit, as sure as I ston heer.

^^59. Early Days, p. 167.

STOOP, sb. 2l Stump.

Collier. A mon restin' 'im on a stoop ith' lone. — Works, p. 52.

Waugh. Whatever's th' lad stonnin' i' th rain for — like a stoop !

^8^7- Come in witho 1 Owd Blanket, p. 52.

STOUP-AN'-ROUP, sb. a complete clearance ; ** He's eatin' o',
stoup-afC-roup,'"

STRACKLIN', sb, a giddy foolish person.

STRACKT, /df/T^. distracted, distraught, demented.

STREY, sb. straw.

STRIKE, sb. a measure of capacity. Bamford defines it as con-
taining two pecks.

Miss Laheb. Tha mun start an' brew another strike at once.

^^^5- Carter's Struggles, p. 26.

STRINES, sb. handles of a barrow ; the sides of a ladder.

STROLLOP, sb. an untidy woman, commonly used without the
« s ''—trollop.

STROPPIN',/drr/. (Ormskirk), giving milk slowly. Allied to strip.
See Strippings in Halliwell.

254 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

STUBBY, adj. short and stiflC Applied to the stature or ** build "
of a man, and also to the hair of the beard.

STUT, V, to stutter, stammer. M.E. stoten; IceL stauta,

Waugh. Thou's had plenty to sup, I doubt, for thou stiits a bit.

"^^- HermU Cobbler, p. i6.

SUAGE, ) V, to soften ; to remove a swelling by fomentation.
SWAGE, J Short for assuage.

Coll. Use. He*ll siiage it away wi* camomile an* poppy-heads.

x88i.

SUMMAT, sb, something ; adv. somewhat

B. Brierlev. Dost think theaw could make summat [something] o'

'^^- that sort. Irkdaie, p. 27.

Waugh. It's no use lettin' it lie theer. It '11 come in for summat

^^^' [something] better nor mendin' th' hee-road wi.

Sneck-Bant, p. 10.

Coll. Use. I want a thing summat [somewhat] like this.

z88z.

SUMPH, sb, 2l soft fellow, a simpleton.

SUMS, sb. pi. exercises in arithmetic ; used also for arithmetic itself.

Coll. Use. He's lamin' readin' an' writin', but he's not getten into

i88x. sums yet.

SWAD, sb. a husk or shell. See Shull. Cf. E. swathe.

Waugh. Like peighs i' one swad. Besom Ben, p. 24.

1865. » r -T^

^WATHELINS 1 ^^* wrappers for children. See Swad.
SWAILER, sb. a wholesale dealer in corn and provisions.

SWARM (General), J ^

SWANKIN* (N. Lane), adj. very large.

SWAP, I V. to exchange or barter ; to change or alter, and, figura-
SWOP, ) tively, to be disappointed or mistaken.

Geo. Eliot. But how could a fellow push his way properly, when

'^76. he objected to swop for his own advantage ?

Daniel Deronday Book II., p. 324.

Waugh. Th' owd lad wur i* sich a fluster, that istid o' stoppin'

*^^5' it, he swapped ih^ barrel to another tune.

Barrel Organ,

Ibid- He's a pluck't-un is that lad, or else aw'm swapi.

^^- Ben an' th' Bantam, p. 86.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 255

Waugh. Iv ever thae swaps, thae'U ha* to mend, for thae*rt as

^^^7- ill as tho con be neaw. Owd Blanket, p. 18.

Ibid. He made me ston o* one leg two hours, an* every five

x868. minutes aw had to swap legs. Sneck-Bant, p. 28.

SVVEEL, V, to burn, to blaze, to bum and melt. A.S. swelan, to
burn ; Icel. svceia, A candle is said to sweel when the wick
bums down upon the tallow and causes it to melt or run. A fire
or anything else is also said to sweel when it burns fiercely.

SWEEL, sb, a great blaze.

SWEEL (Ormskirk), v. to singe. Icel. svceia,

SWEELIN', V. firing the heather on the moors in winter.

SWELTED, part, well boiled ; hot and perspiring. Allied to E.
sweltry^ now spelt sultry ; and to sweel (above).

Spenser. Which like a fever fit through all his body swelt,

F, Q.y Bk. L, c. vii., st. 6.

Rev. W. Gaskell. When a Lancashire man is overheated, he says he is

1854- « welly swelted," Lect, Lane, Dialect^ p. 17.

SWING, adj, sloping. A swing-road has a ditch at one side only,
and slopes uniformly towards the ditch, so that the top side is
dry for foot passengers.

S WINGIN' (g soft), part, adj, big, bulky, large.

SWINGIN'-STICK:, sb, a hazel stick for beating wool In the
cotton manufacture the same thing was called a battin^ -stick.
See Scutch.

SWIPPER, adj, active, lithe. Cf. Icel. svipall, svipull, shifty,
changeable.

B. Brierlev. Hoo's as swipper as a new tipt shuttle, hoo is.

^868. Irkdale, p. 176.

Waugh. They were a lot o' th' swippet^st lads i' Christendom

1875. jfixyx th* Lancashire Volunteers. Old Cronies^ p. 95.

Ibid. He *re as swipper as a kitlin', an' as strung as a lion.

^879' Chimney Comer ^ p. 199.

SWITHEN (Ormskirk), adj crooked.

SWITHER, sb, a great heat; a swoon. Allied to sweat, Cf.
Sanscrit svidy to sweat ; Icel. w/5/, a bum.

B. Brierley. Lorjus, heaw I swat ! I felt as if I're gooin* ofif in a

1869. swither, Ab in London^ p. 93.

SWITHER, V, to dry up, to scorch. IceL svi^ar, to bum, singe.
SWOL, V, to fasten by the neck; as **To swol a, beast in a shippon.*'

256 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY,

SWOP, sb, pronufi. of soap.

Waugh. Two peawnd o' breawn [brown] swop. Ay 1 Aw'll

'^* put th* swop into these clogs ; or else eawr Betty '11

happen be slappin' it into th' pon wi' th* beef.

Besom Ben, p. 7.

SWORD, sb, the outside skin or rind in a rasher of bacon.

I440' Swarde, or sworde of flesche (swad or swarde), Coriana,

A.S. sweardf cutis pordna. Prompt. Parv.

Coll. Use. It 11 ate owt mon — potato-pillin's, bacon- JWK^r^r, an'

'^^'- cabbage-stalks.

SYKE, sb, a ditch, a hollow place. Icel. sik^ a gutter. In York-
shire it is also a channel for water ; also the current of water
along a channel, which sometimes runs with great impetuosity
down the side of a moor.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 257

T.

TACK, sb, a flavour, a disagreeable taste.

TussER. Martilmas beefe doth beare good tack

1580. When countrie folke doe dainties lack.

Husbandries c. 12.

What tacke in a pudding, saith greedy gut wringer.

Ilnd,^ c 'jd.

Coll. Use. There's some soart of a nasty tack abeawt this broth ;

^^^' tha's had it in a dirty pon (pan).

TACKLE, V. to attempt, to take in hand.

Rev. W. Gaskell. A Lancashire man talks of tacklirC a horse, for har-

'^54. nessing it; and he says, " I'll tackU the felly," meaning

'* I'll set him right," generally by what he calls ** giving
him a dressing*' Lect, Lane, Dialect ^ p. 11.

Coll. Use. It*s too big for him, mon ; he'll noan tackle a job like

'^^'^- that.

TACKLER, sb. a name given to an overlooker in a weaving mill.

TAISTRIL (Fylde and N. Lane), ) sb, a vicious, ill-conditioned
TEASTRIL (S. Lane), J person.

Collier. This teastril profFert bring meh clear off for hoave o

«750' ginny [half a guinea]. Works^ p. 65.

J. P. Morris. Thow drukken taistril, iYiovr.—Lebby Beck Dobby^ 8.

1867.

TAK-ON, V. to exhibit grief or anger in a violent manner.

^°^!r«^*^ Tha munnot tdk-on o' thattens — tha'll only mak thisell

188.. iu^

TALLY-BOARD, sb, a tally, a piece of wood on which an account
is notched or chalked ; a board on which a record of a weaver's
work is kept

TAN, V. to beat A figurative expression used only in connection
with the word " hide *' or skin.

Waugh. Iv ony mon says wrang to me,

1859. Aw'll tan his hide to-day ! Ijmc, Songs: Chirrup,

TANG (Lytham), sb, a long tongue-like seaweed. Danish tang;
IceL ^ng,

TANGLE, sb, seaweed. Icel. IpongulL
TANGLES, sb. locks of hair ; also entanglements.

258 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

TANKLIN', sb. a dangling thing; a pendant.

Waugh. «* Hello, Dick, what's that bit o' th* tanklitC thou's

^^79- getten thfut o'er thi shoolder?" "It's a cock-chicken,

owd lad. I'm beawn t' ha' this brid to mi tay."

Chimney Comer, p. 216.

TANTRUM, sh. a fit of rage or passion; a silly exhibition of
impatience.

Coll. Use. Aw'll ha' none o' thi tantrums here ; dunnot thee think

1882. tha'U get owt wi' sich wark as that.

TASTRIL, sb. a small keg or bawel.

TATCHIN'-END, sb, a thread with a bristle attached to it; used in
shoemaking.

'TATOE-HASH, sb. flesh-meat and potatoes boiled together, a dish
very common in Lancashire.

Coll. Use. What, han we Uatoe-hash again to-day ? Let's have a

*®^^' bit of a change to-morrow !

TATTER-CLOUT, sb. a beggar, a poorly-dressed man or woman.

Waugh. A mon owd enough to be thi faither — a poor tatter-clout

*^79« »at's nought noather in him nor on him — a clemmed

craiter 'at doesn't get a gradely belly-full o' meight in a
week's time. Chimney Comer, p. 153.

TAX-WAX, ) sb. gristle ; the tendon in a leg of mutton.

TAXY-WAXY (Preston), j In other parts of the coMnXxy^pax-wax
2Si^fix-fax.

TAK } ^* *° ^^^®' Scotch ta\

Waugh. Tay thy wynt a bit, Bodle; thir't safe londed, iv it be

*^S5« hard lectin'. Lane. Sketches, p. 3a

TEAGLE, sb. a wooden crane projecting from the upper part of a
building, and used for raising or lowering goods.

TAY-THINGs' I ^^' *^^ earthenware or other vessels used at tea.
TEDDISOME (N. Lane), adj. tedious, fretful.

Dr. Barber. He duddent set mich be the'r teddisum bis'ness.

"^70- Fomess Folk, p. 25.

TEEM )

team' I ^' '^ P^^^' ^^^^' ^^^^> ^^ empty out, from tSmr^ empty.

B. Bribrlby. Hoo temmed me a cup o' tae eaut.

'^9. Jib in London, p. 92.

Coll. Use. Come, teem eawt, an' let's be suppin'; aw'm dry.

ZoOX.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 259

TEEN, V, to shut or close. See Tine.

Waugh. The folks in the house used to say, " Hello I so-an-

'^55' so*s comin'; teen th* dur !" whereupon the landlord

would reply, ** Nawe, nawe, lev it oppen, or else he'll
punce it in !" Lane, Sketches, p. 183.

Ibid. Hie tho* off, like a red-shank, or th' dur may be teen^d,

*^59- Lane, Songs: Grindlestone,

TEEND, V, to light, to kindle. A.S. tendariy tyndan^ to set fire to.
Icel. tendra^ to make a fire, to light

Spknsbr. In their stubbome mind.

^596* Coles of contention and whot vengeance tind,

F, Queene, ii. viii. xi.

Rev. W. Gaskbll. Another common phrase is " teend th* fire,** that is,

X854. lig^t it. This is only a slight change from the Anglo-

Saxon verb tendon, to set on fire, from which "tinder"
is, no doubt, derived. We are told that in the Fylde
district, "the last evening in October is called the
' Teanlay night ; ' at the close of the day, till within late
years, the hills which enclose that district shone brightly
with many a bonfire, the mosses rivalling them with their
fires, kindled for the object of succouring their firiends in
purgatory." Lect, Lane, Dialect, p. 15.

[Strictly speaking, tinder \s not "derived" from A.S.
tendan, but both words are firom the same root. — ^W. W. S.J

TELIrTALE-TIT, sb. a tale-bearer ; one who discloses a secret.
TEMS (Fylde and S. Lane), sb. a sieve. See Temse in HalliwelL
TENNIL, sb. a large basket.
TENT, V. to watch, to mind.

William Morris. And sheep, and swine, fed on the herbage sweet,
^^9' Seeming all wild as though they knew not man.

For quite untented here and there they ran.

/ason, p. 179.

Waugh. Eawr Matty helps my mother, an'

'859. Hoo sews, an' tents eawr Joe.

Lane. Songs: Eawr Folk.

Waugh. I wish thou'd mans^e to do thi wark beawt so mich

1875- tentin\ Old Cronies, p. 20.

TENTER, sb. a watcher ; one who has charge of certain machines
in a mill.

TEWIN', /df/1^. toiling. Same as E. taw^ to curry leather. A.S.
tawian, to prepare, get ready, also to scourge ; always with the
sense of violent exertion.

Waugh. Aw sometimes think it's very weel that four ov eawrs

1867. ^g j> heaven — ^we'n sich hard tewtn^ to poo through wi'

tother, just neaw. Factory Folk, p. 35.

Ibid. Owd wed folk finden one another's bits o' ways eawt,

1867. ^» livin', an' tewin\ an' pooin', an' feightin' th' world

together. TcUtlin^ Matty, p. 12.

26o LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

TEWIN*, part, teasing, persuading, urging.

Rev. W. Gaskell. When a Lancashire man would express strongly the

^^^* way in which another plagues or teases him, he says,

" Yo're awlus tewirC on me, that yo are !'* This seems
to be the same as the Anglo-Saxon teogan, to pull,
whence our. word ** tug." We have it in the Lancashire
form in Drajrton's Polyolbion, where he sa)rs —

The toiling fisher here is tewing of his net.

Lect, Lane, Dialect ^ p. i6.

TEWIT, sb, the lapwing or green plover. Vamlltts cristatus.

TEWITISH (Fylde), adj. wild, foolish.

THARCAKE, sb, a cake made from meal, treacle, and butter, and
eaten on the night of the fifth of November. Short for Tharf-
cake, M.E. thetf-cake in P. Plowman. A.S. theorfy iharf^
unleavened.

Collier. Qs thodd'n os a tharcake. Works, p. 57.

1750.

Waugh. [He thought] of the carols and festivities at Christmas,

*^^7- the Thar-cake or Thor-cake, and the nightly fun of Hallow-

mass Eve. Owd Blanket, p. 34.

THAR-CAKE MONDAY, sb. the first Monday after Halloween,
which is the vigil of All Saints' Day, which is on the first of
November. The second of November is All Souls' Day. In
the Festa Anglo-Romano we read, " The custom of Soul Mass
Cakes, which are a kind of oat cakes, that some of the richer
sorts of persons in Lancashire (among the Papists) use still to
give the poor on this day.'' The name, however — Thar-cake, or
Thor-cake, suggests a still older origin.

Waugh. " How owd arto ?" " Five-an*-twenty, come Thar-

'^79- cake Monday, ^^ Chimney Comer, p. 366.

THAT, adv. used for the adverb " so."

Coll. Use. He's that nowt (naughty) he doesn't know what to

^881. do wi' his-sel.

THEAWM-ROPE, sb. a hay band.

THEFNICUTE or
FEFNICUTE,

THEIRSELS, pro. themselves.

Waugh. Folk 'at never did a hond's-tum for theirsels sin they

1879. ,^,y^y j^Qj^ jjj^Q ^ world. Chimney Comer, p. 141.

THIBBS, sb. the shafts of a cart.

THIBLE, sb. a porridge stick; a piece of flat wood used to stir meat
in cooking.

Collier. I went for t' borrow their thible, to stir th* furmetry

^750- weh. Works, p. 40.

Waugh. Sin th' day hoo broke my nose i th' fowd

1859- Wi' th' edge o' th' porridge thible.

Lane, Songs: Margins Comin\

sb. a sneaking person, a hypocrite.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 26 1

THICK, adj, friendly, intimate.

B. Brierlby. The children were already **as thick as inkle-weavers,"

^8^- notwithstanding their short acquaintance.

IrkdaUy p. 60.

Coll. Use. Thoose two are a deol too thick^ aw con tell thi ; tha*

^881. mun watch *em ; they're brewin summat o* no good

between 'em,

THICK-AN*-THIN, sb, all sorts of things, difficulties, obstacles.

Coll. Use. He's the mon to do it : he'll feight thro' thick-an'-thin,

^^^^' but hell have his own road at last.

THICK-AN'-THREEFOLD, adv. in great numbers.

Coll. Use. They'd nobbut been married abeawt three months

*^^'' when trouble begun o' comin' on 'em thick-an* -threefold,

THICK-NECK (Heysham), sb, a false growth in corn; the growing
of several stalks together.

THICK YED, sb, (thickhead) an obtuse or stupid person.

Coll. Use. He's a born thUkyed: he knows nowt, an' he'll lam

^^^'- nowt.

THFDD'N, pro. and v. pi, they had.

Waugh. After Owd Neddy an' Bodle had been fuddlin' o' th*

'^55» o'emeet, thCdctn just getten a yure o' th' owd dog into

'em. Lane, Sketches^ p. 28.

THILL, sb. the shaft of a cart or waggon. See thylle in Prompt.
Parv.

THILLER, sb, the horse between the shafts. See thylle-horse in
Prompt. Parv.

THILLIN*, part, working in the shafts.
THINGS, sb, pi. clothes, personal apparel.

Spenser. Set all your things in seemely good aray.
^595- Epithalamim,

Coll. Use. "Arto' gooin' to th' owd lad's bunrin'?" "Nawe;

'^^^* aw've no things good enoof to goo in.'

THINK-ON, V, to remember.

Coll. Use. i. Be sure an' think-on what aw tell thee.

x88x.

2. Mi head's noan worth a rap ; aw connot think-on

beawt (unless) aw put it deawn.

3. Tha mun think-nu-on to-mom j if tha doesn't, aw'st
be sure to forget it.

THISEL, pro. thyself.

Waugh. Now, rap thiseV weel up ! — Chimney Corner^ p. 145.

262 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

THISSEN, ) V • *i.-
THISSENS, { ^^^- ^" ^^'^ ^^y-

Collier. Theyd*n better t' be o tktss'n. Works, xxxv.

1750.

Waugh. Thae *11 be gettin' wrang again. Aw never like to see

1866. ^jjQ Q» thissens, Ben an' th' Bantam, p. 18.

THO', pro. thee.

Waugh. Wi' a lot o* little childer yammerin' round tho\

^^79- Chimney Comer, p. 144.

THODDEN, flj^'. applied to bread or dough which has not risen in
consequence of failure in the yeast; and, figuratively, to any-
thing which is close-grained or heavy.

Collier. Qs t hodden os a tharcake. Works, p. 57.

1750.

B. Bribrley. Childer, drinkin' nowt strunger than chum-milk, till

1869. ^jjgjj bones are gradely set an' their flesh as thodden as

leather. Ab-d-th'- Yate in London, p. 64.

THOLE, V, to suffer, to endure. A.S. tholian; M.E. tholen;
formerly very common.

Burns. Poor tenant bodies, scant o* cash,

'^S^- How they maun thoU a factor's snash. Twa Dogs,

THREEP, \ V. to argue, to contend for a special point, to dispute.
THREAP, J A.S. thredpian; c£ Icel. \refa^ to wrangle.

Coll Use. He'd threap o* neet if yo'd hearken him.

XoOI.

THRIMBLE, v. to crumble bread; also to tremble, to trifle, to

hesitate.

Bampord. Whot dusto ston thrimblin* theer for ?

*^54. j)iaL S, Lane,, p. 247.

THRINTER, sb, a three-year-old sheep.

THRODDY, a^j^'. short, dumpy. Cf. Icel. prufinn, swollen; prtitna,

to swell.

Collier. A fattish, throddy gentleman coom in a trice.

'7SO. Works, p. 56.

Edward Kirk. Throddy means stiflf, or low and stout ; dumpy, if you

1876. -^fj^^ <<A little /Ar<?i^ fellow" is applied to a fine fat

child or a short stout-set man.

Manch, Guardian, Jan. 3, 1876.

THRODKIN, sb, a cake made of oatmeal and bacon.

Edward Kirk. Throdkin is the name of a cake peculiar, I believe, to

1876. ^jjg jTyide district, where it was reckoned a staple dish a

quarter of a century ago. It is made of meal and water
kneaded well together, and afterwards placed upon a
large deep plate, often made of tin, and in depth not
unUke a soup plate. The cake was about an inch and a
half in thickness, and was well pressed with the thumb
upon the plate. The surface was covered with slices
or scraps of fat bacon. When baked the throdkin was
cut tart fashion, and served with the slices of bacon.
Eaten fresh and warm it was not an unwelcome dish, and
a little of it went a long way with the keenest appetite
of a thresher. Manch, Guardian, Jan. 3, 1876.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 263

THROE, sb, a forked stick, laid across a mug to support a sieve
whilst milk or other liquid is strained through.

THRONG, ) adj. busy, full of work. Icel. ^rongr. C£ A.S.
THRUNG, J thringatiy to press, urge.

Burns. Twa dogs, that were Ti&thrang2,\. hame. — The TwaDogs,
1786.

Albx. Wilson. *Twur thrung as Eccles wakes, mon. — Songs of Wilsons,

1842.

Waugh. They wur as thrung as Throp wife together.

*^S- Sneck-Bant, p. 25.

Coll. Use. i. We connot do with you to-day, mestur — ^we're too

^^^'- thrung,

2. It's a thrung shop is this, an' no mistake.

THRUMS, sb, pL the ends of a warp. Icel. \rdtnr^ an edge.
THRUT, V. threw ; also thrown.

Waugh. Hoo wur welly thrut eawt o' bed.

*^55» Lane, Sketches^ p. 208.

Ibid- Owd Jud thrut him o*er th* hedge — just like cob'in

'^^' a catch-bo*. Old Cronies^ p. 40.

1®^°' One said it was a jackdaw, an' another he said ** Nay;

It's nobbut an' owd blackin'-brush 'at somebry's thrut
2iWSiy," Old Cronies^ p. 59.

THRUTCH, V, to push, to press, to crowd; and, figuratively,
thrutched is to be troubled or distressed. A narrow ravine on the
river Spodden, near Rochdale, is called the **Thrutch." A.S.
thryccan^ to press.

Collier. Yet I'm war [worse] thrutcht between two arran rogues.

'750- Works, xxjSi.

Waugh. "Aw thmk thae'rt a bit thrutch't i' thi mind this

^867. momin' abeawt summat, artn'to ?" ** ThrutcKt or no

thrutchUy aw'U thank yo to be thrutchin* off this dur-
stone !" Owd Blanket y p. 10.

Ibid. There wur three folk i' that hole that wur as ill

^^75* thrutched i' their minds as ony poor craiters i' Christen-

dom could be. Old Cronies, p. 45.

Ibid. They olez say'n there's th' most thrtUchitC wheer

i879» there's th' least reawm. Chimney Corner, p. 40.

THRUTCHINS, sb, the whey which is last pressed in the making
of cheese.

Collier. A l)rte weter-podditch an' some thrutchins,

"75«>- Works, p. 68.

THATTEN, ) ^ • .u .
THATTENS l^^^* ^^ ^"^^ ^Z-y.

Coll. Use. If tha' gwos on o' thattens ony lunger tha'll be ruin't

'88x. (ruin'd). ^

264 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

THUNGE, V. to knock in a violent fashion.

Miss Lahkb. One o' th* women fot me a thungitC rap between th

'^5. sheaulders. Betty 0' Yeps, p. 9.

Waugh. They thunged at owd Fullocker's dur [door],

'^79- Chimney Corner^ p. 173.

THWANG, sh, a thump, a blow.

THWITE \

THWITTLE I ^' '^ ^"^' ^^' thwiiariy to cut.

Waugh. IVe seen tho thwite very hondsomely at a goose afore

'^75- now. Old Cronies^ p. 32.

THWITTLE, ^A a knife. Cf. Icel. ^veita, \vita, a kind of axe or
chopper. See above.

Chaucer. A Scheffield thwUel bar he in his hose.

Reeves Tale, 1. 13.

Collier. Qs good veeol [veal] os ever deed on a thwittle,

'750- W(n'ks, p. 42.

B' ^^J?f ^"^' A bit of as nice mutton as ever greased a thwittle,

^^^' Ab-o'-th'Yate in London, p. 55.

Waugh. j see*d him with a pluck-an-liver i* one hond, an* a

'^79- thwittle V th* tother. Chimney Comer, p. 376.

TICKLE, tf^'. nice, dainty; also precarioua M.E. tikel^ unstable.
Chaucer, Miller's Tale, 1. 242.

Waugh. Hoo's nobbut m a tickle state of health.

^^^- Sneck-Bant, p. 79.

Ibid. " What are yo for havin' ? " said the landlady.

1879. "Well," said Bockin, " we'n just have aught *at yo'n a

mind to give us, Mally. I'm noan tickle; an* I*m sure
Billy isn't.*' Chimney Comer, ^^^ T^,

TICKLE-BUT, adv. headlong, impetuous.

Waugh. An ill- willed keaw (cow) coom tickle-but bang through

1876. jjj» fjjjj^ ^i> ^YC yed down, an' th' tail up.

Hermit Cobbler, p. 16.

Ibid. At it he yrexii, tickle-but, like a bull at a gate.

*^79- Chimney Comer, p. 115,

TICK-TACK-TOE, sb. 2l child's game.

S. Rowlands. At Tick-tc^ke, Irish, Noddie, Maw, and Ruffe;

1600. ^j hot-cockles, leape-frogge, or blindman-buffe.

Notes to Stubbes^s Anatomy 0/ Abuses,

TIE-IN (Oldham), v, to set in ; especially used of a sickness which
follows in addition to one already there.

TIG, V. to touch. M.K fek, sl slight touch ; Prompt. Parv.

TIMMERSOME, adj, timid, afraid.

Collier. Boh yoar'n bowdj Vst o bin timmersome.

'750. fVorks, p. 48.

Waugh. Ever sin it happened hoo fi;ets quite timmersome as

'B55. soon as it draws toawrd edge a dark.

Lane, Sketches, p. 208.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 265

TINE, V. to shut or close. See Teen. A.S. t^naity to enclose, to
shut in, formed (by regular change of iti to ^) from /««, an enclo-
sure = E. town.

CoLLiBK. It wur one o'clock afore I could toyn me een.

'750- Works^ p. 54.

Rev. W. Gaskbll. In Anglo-Saxon, tynan meant to shut ; as '* tynde he

*854- his bee, he shut has books. In Lancashire it is still

common to say, **/«» th' dur," that is, shut the door.

In Tim Bobbin we read, " Owey they seete to* th' leath

on toyn t' dur." Led, Lane, Dialect ^ p. 15.

TINGE, sb, a small red bug.

TIPPLE, sb, any kind of intoxicating drink.

Coll. Use. Sup up ; it's a good tipple — ^it '11 warm thi.

z88i.

TIT, sb, a nag, a small horse.

TUS^R. gy ^^y^ ^^^ g^^jj

Few gaineth much. Husbandries c. 15.

Collier. Sum cryed'n eawt a Doctor, a Doctor, while others

'750- mead'n th^ londlort go saddle th' /// to fotch one.

WorkSy p. 52.

B. Brierley. Dost think theaw could mak' summat o' that sort for

1868. yQn fn Q» mine ? Irkdale, p. 27.

Waugh. "Jack, that's noan an ill mak of a /jV." **Nawe,

'^75- bi th' mass," replied Jack, "it's as bonny a bit o' horse-

flesh as ever I clapt een on." Old Cronies ^ p. 22.

TITHERUP, sb, a hand-gallop. From the sound. Also called
tit-up,

TITTER, sb, a ringworm.

TITTER-OR-LATTER, adv, phrase, sooner or later. Icel. mr, fre-
quent ; Mid. Eng. titter, more quickly. See Hampole's Pricke
of Conscience, \, 2,354.

Waugh. It brings 'em down, titter or latter, as how strong they

^^79- are. Chimney Comer, p. 8.

TITTIVATE, V, to dress up, to adorn.

Coll. Use. Hoo'll stond tittivating hersel afore th' glass for an

TITTY, sb, the breast, also the milk from the breast.

TIZIKY, adj, asthmatical, short of breath, having a troublesome
cough. From tisic, corruption oi phthisic, adj. ixom phthisis,

Shaksperb. a whoreson rascally tisick so troubles me.

^594. Troiltis and C, v. iii. loi.

Coll. Use. He's like a tiziky owd mon, \.W W^ xtf»Xk.\<cfsN?i ^^»

266 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

TO, pro, thou ; as wilto^ hasto^ conto,

TOAD-RUD, sb. the spawn of toads.

TO-BE-SURE, adv, phrase^ equivalent to certainly, without question.

Coll. Use. " Do'st think he'll come ?" " To-be-sure he will."

x88z.

TOD (N. Lane), sb. the fox. Cf. Icel. ta'6^ dung; prob. from the
smell

TO-DO, sb, a row, a bustle, an uncommon occurrence or occasion.

William Black. Dear, dear, what a to-do there was when he ran away.

Three Feathers^ c. xl.

Coll. Usb. i. What's to-do ? (What is the matter ?)

x88i.

2. There wur a rare to-do (famous doings).

TOIT (N. Lane.), v, to turn over, to upset.

TO-MORN, sb. to-morrow.

Waugh. It*s Kesmass to-tnom thou knows.

'^75- Old Cronies, p. 29.

TONE, adj. one. Due to the old phrase the tone, corruption of thet
one = that one, Le,^ the one. The initial / is due to the final / of
that. So also in the tother=- that other,

Albx. Wilson. We donned eawr bits o' ribbins too,

^^^°* One red, one green, an' tone wur blue.

Songs of Wilsons,

Waugh. Tay thy cheer to th' tone side a bit, an' may reawm for

x855' him. Lane, Sketches, p. 25.

Miss Laheb. Yo hannot yerd tone hauve [half] on it yet.

^865. Betty 0' Yeps, p. 13.

B. Bribrlby. He're like a mon ut had lost tone hawve of hissel afore

*^^^* he'd been wed three months. Irkdale, p. 26.

TONE-AN'-TOTHER, adj. phrase, the one and the other.

TussBR. Of two sorts of men, the tone good, and tother bad,

^580. Q^^ Qf s^ Augustine.

Since first the world began, there was and shaU be still,
Of humane kind, thon good and thother ill.

Husbandrie, c. no.

Waugh. There'd be about six o' tone an' hauve-a-dozen o' tother.

Chimney Comer, p. 349.

TOOT, V. to search, pry, meddle. M.E. toten, to peep out.

Spbnshr. With bowe and bolts va either hand,

'^/P- For birds in 'busties tooting.

iiKc|)Heardes CoXender: '^•aiOEi.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

267

TUSSKR.

1580.

Ill huswiferie tooieth,
To make hir selfe brave,

Good huswiferie looketh
What houshold must have.

Husbandries c. 94.

Waugh.

1859.

Ibid.

Coll. Use.

xBBz.

Through th* woodlan' green aw tooted keen,
For th little window winkin*.

Lane. Songs: Goblin Parson.

An* he tooted about o*er th* neighbourin* ground ;
Still, never a soul to turn th' stone could he find.

Ibid.: Grindlestone,

He's alius rootin' an' tootirC abeawt.

TOOTH-AN-NAIL, adv, with determination, with all one's strength.

He's at it mon tooth-an^-nail firom momin' till neet.

Coll. Usb.
xBBz.

TOOTHSOME, adj. dainty, palatable.

Waugh.

1B55.

We'n a bit o' nice cowd beef, an I'll bring it eawt.
But it's bhoylt (boiled), mind yo ! Dun yo like it bhoylt ?
Yo'n find it middlin' toothsome, — Lane. Sketches, p. 24.

TOOTH-WARCHE, sb. toothache.

Waugh.
1879.

It isn't to tell how a bit of a thing like th' tooth-warche
can potter a body. Chimney Comer, p. 143.

TOOTLE, V, to flute, to whistle.

B. Brierlev.

Z869.

Waugh.
1B75.

"Handel!" I said, "has Handel o' Jone's getten to
that height wi' his tootlin^ ?" He said he wur no Handel
o' Jone's, but th' great Handel of o.

Ab'd-th^- Vote in London, p. 39.

** An odd tot a-piece bring,"

Said Rondle, **an' then, —
Like layrocks o' th' wing,

We'n tootie again."
We tootleH an' sang

Till midneet coom on. Old Cronies , P« 55*

TOPPER, sh. something surpassingly great or better than common.

Eawr Tummy's taen to preitchin' —
He's a topper at it, too !

Lane, Songs: Eawr Folk,

Waugh.
x8s9-

TOPPIN, sh, the hair of the head.

Waugh.

X867.

Let him alone, wilto ? — or else aw'll poo that toppin o'
thine, smartly, aw will ! Factory Folk, p. 166.

TOPPIN-FAT, sb, hair oil.

Waugh.
1B79.

(Referring to an over-dressed woman) Yotv's '"wcswv
[spent] some brass o' n\ibivns odl toJ>^in-Jai, ^1"^ -a^N-scs.-^^
yo I CKimnc-y Corner^ ^. "i-^

268 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

TORE, V. to try hard, to endeavour strenuously ; torin\ labouring
assiduously and faring hardly; tortn^-on, to contrive to exist by
the hardest labour and on the barest means. Perhaps a corrup-
tion of taw^ the same as tew. See Tewin'.

Bamford. Poor things, they hanno a gradely livin*, the3m nobbut

^^54- a torin on. Dial. S, Lane., p. 249.

Waugh. So they toarft on, o' this ill fashion, year after year,

'®75. till at last Nan wur ta*en ill. Old Cronies^ p. 52.

TO-RIGHTS, ) adj, right, straight, in proper order or condi-
TO-REETS, i tion.

Coll. Usb. He'll put 'em to-reets if ony body con.

x88i«

TOT, sb.z. small drinking vessel ; also a small quantity of drink.

Waugh. Their aXt-tots stood, some on the hob, and some on the

1865. round table, at the landlord's elbow.

Sextants Story y p. 6.

Ib^d. Theer they sit ; an' nought would do but I mut have a

^^76- tot wi' 'em. Hermit Cobbler, p. 18.

TOTHER, adj, the other. See Tone.

Waugh. Him an' this tother wur as thick as inkle-weighvers.

^'^^' Sneck-Bant, p. 25.

B- Brirrley. Clinker ! stick to her tother hont. Irkdale, p. 6.

ZOOo«

Coll. Usb. I'll tak tone hawve if tha'U tak tother,

1881.

TOUCHER, sb, a shave, />., a close shave.

B. Brierley. Hoo're as nee as a /<w«-A^rmakkin a mistake.

^^' Ab-o'-th'- Vote in London, p. 5.

TOWEL, V. to beat.
TOWELLIN*, sb, a beating.

Waugh. He started o' givin' him a gradely good toweilin\

' ^^' Chimney Corner^ p. 161.

TRAPES, V. to walk to no purpose ; to go about foolishly or on an
useless errand. Mr. Thomas Hardy {Far from Madding Crowd,
c. viii.) has " they all had a traypse up to the vestry."

TRASH, V, tO" go slipshod.

TRASHES, sb, worn-out shoes ; also slippers.

Coll. Use. He'd nowt on his feet but a pair o' /rojApxthat let o'

'^^^- his toes through,

TRAWNCE, sb, a tedious walk, a roundabout journey.

Collier. I've had sich o' trcmnce this momin' as eh neer had e'

^750. meh life. Works, p^ 40.

•

Waugh. "Arto tire't, my lad?" "Ay— a bit." "Ay— an'

'79- thou may weel. It's a lung trawtue, an* thou's walked

it like a drum-major. " Chimney Comer, p. 86.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 269

TRAWNCE, V. to tramp.

Waugh. Thae'rt th* owdest o' th* two, an* thae*rt noan fit to

^^^7* trawnce up an* deawn o* this shap.

Factory Folk, p. 195^

TRAYCLE, sb, treacle, molassess.

Waugh. I've bin havin' baum-tay, sweeten*t wi* traycU, for a

^^79* while. Chimney Corner^ p. 142.

TREST, sb, a strong bench ; a butcher's block. Cf. E. trestle,

TRIG, V, to evade by moving quickly round corners or obstacles.

TRINDLE, I sb, a hoop ; the wheel of a barrow ; the neck rufflie

TRUNDLE, ) of a shirt. A.S. tryndei, a circle, hoop.

B. Brierley. We seed a hippopotamus — a thing wi* a meauth ut ud

'^9- howd a wheelbarrow, trindle an* o.

Ab'O^-tK' YcUe in London^ p. 47.

TRIPPIT, sb, a quarter of a pound.

TROD, sb, road, highway. M.E. trod^ Ancren Riwle, p. 380, note^.

Waugh. The district is far out of the common trod, as Lanca-

^^55- shire people say. Lane, Sketches, p. 72.

TROLLOPS, sb, a slattern, a slovenly woman.

Waugh. He*s taen up wi* some mak ov a durty trollops *at he's

'^^^' let on upo* th* road, an* he's carrpn' her chylt upo' th'

jackass. Ben an* th* Bantam, c, iv., p. 74.

Ibid. Aw should as soon think o* gettin* wed to a co*n-

1868.

boggart as sich a trollops, Sneck-Bant, p. 91.

Ibid. «« It's th' new sarvant at th* Buck. What a trollops to

^^79- be sure ! " " Aye— hoo's a gradely daggle-tail.**

Chimney Comer, p. 28.

TROT, V, to joke, to chaff, to make sport of. A " Bolton Trotter"
is one who practices upon another the kind of chaff common in
Bolton.

TRUCK, sb, trade, business, communication. M.E. trukken, to
barter ; Ancren Riwle, p. 380 ; from F. troquer^ to barter.

Waugh. " Well, bring it [a cat] in,*' said the landlord. ** Nay,**

1866. replied Ben, "aw'll ha' no moor truck wi't. Tak it for

yoursel." Ben an* th* Bantam, c. ii.,..p. 47.

Ibid. "Ben, here, would do it for a trifle; wouldn't tho,

^867. Ben?" "Nay," replied Ben, "aw'd rayther ha* no

truck,** Owd Blanket, p. 102.

Ibid. As soon as Td stable't Brown Jenny, I set off into th*

'^76- market to look after mi truck [trade].

Hermit Cobbler, p. 16.

Coll. Use. Aw'U ha* no truck wi* thee, aw con tell thee ; so tha

^^^'* con pike off.

TULLET (Fylde), sb, a small gull.

270 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

TUN, V. to pour.

Coll. Use. (Said of a man drinking) " Eh, he did tun it into him."

ZooZ.

TURMIT, sb. a turnip.

Waugh. Sam, get some potitos, an* a two-three carrits an'

^^^* turtnits, Ben an^ th^ Bantam^ c. ii., p. 31.

TUSH, sb, a tooth ; tushie, a baby's tooth. See Shakspere, Venusy
1. 617. A.S. tusc.

Collier. Ho, *onist mon whot munneh gi' yo t* drea

^^^^' A tush ot pleagues me awmust neet un dea.

IVorkSf p. 448 : Hod and the Quack Doctor.

TWELL, sb, a turn or twirl, as of a wheel. E. twirl.

Waugh. I connot howd th* axe an* turn th* hondle mysel* ;

^^59' ThQU*st a nice lad o* somebry's — come, give us a twell!

Lane, Songs: Grindlestone,

TWILTIN', sb, a beating. Also a quilting in some parts.

Waugh. Thou young foo*,

^^59- Thou'll get a rare twiltin* for stoppin' fro* schoo*.

Lane, Songs: GrindUstone.

TWINDLES, sb, twins.

TWINTER, sb, a two-year-old sheep. Lit. two-winter,

TWITCH-CLOCK, sb. the common black beetle.

Waugh. Nay ; it's nobbut a twitch-clock, or cricket, or summat.

'^79- Chimney Comer, p. 325.

TWITCHEL, sb, 3. short wooden lever with a loop of rope fastened
to ^one end ; the rope is put round the lower jaw of an unruly
horse, and the stick is twisted round so as to get a tight hold of
the jaw and subdue the horse.

TWITCHEL, V, to pinch, to nip; more correctly, to get into a
noose. See Twitchel, sb,

B. Brierley. If ever I catch *em among dacent folk, I'll twitchel

*em, if ther's a pair o' owd cans or tin kettles to be fund
i' Lunnon. Ab-o^-th^- Vate in London, p. 44.

TWITCHELT, adj, in a noose.

Waugh. He wacker't an stare't like a twichelt dog.

'^55. Lane, Sketches, p. 130.

B. Brierley. He made her squeal as leawd as a twichelt gonner.

'^^* Irkdale, p. 193.

Waugh. Theer he stoode, swillin' it round, an' starin* like a

»879» twichelt earwig. Chimney Comer, p. 9.

TWO-DOUBLE, adj, bowed with age or infirmity.

Coll. Use. Tha*ll never have a mon loike that, wilto ? Why, he's

'*^'* nearly two-double.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 2/1

TWO-THRE, adj. two or three ; a few.

B. Bribrley. He's a two-thri letters want 'liverin*.

'^^- IrkdaU, p. 252.

Waugh. Clock's just upo' th' stroke o' twelve. It'll be Christ-

x875- mas Day in a two-thre minutes. — Old Cronies^ p. icx>.

Ibid. I flang a two-thre oddments mysel*.

*^79. Chimney Corner^ p. 41.

TYKE, j^. an overgrown man or beast ; a queer or awkward fellow.
Icel. ttk^ a bitch, dog.

TYPE, V, to overturn. Cf. mod. E. tip over,

TYPE-0'ER, V. to fall ; figuratively, to die.

Waugh. " How's Owd Grime gettin' on ?" ** Oh, he's gone !

1868. Tjj» Q^j i^jj ^yp^^^ ^»^^ abeawt a fortnight sin."

Sneck-Banty p. 27.

Ibid. In a bit he type^t der^ an' o' wur still.

'^73' Chimney Corner^ p. 377.

272 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

U.

UM, /r. them ; also, when pronounced with closed lips and accom-
panied by an inclination of the head, equivalent to "yes." Um
in the former sense answers to M.E. A^m, them, common in
Chaucer.

UMBRELL, 5^. an umbrella.

Waugh. It's a good job yo brought yo'r umbrelL

'^79. Ckimruy Comer , p. 361.

UN, con, and.
UN, adj, one.

Coll. Use. There's another un corain' up th' loan (lane).

1883.

UNBEKNOWN, ) ^ ^ ,

UNBEKNOWNST, j '"^^- "°^ ''"°'^' ^^^'^^"y-

John Scholks. Aw've slipt thoose things in unbeknown to her.

'^57- Jaunt to see th* Queen, p. 25.

Miss Lakes. He bought it for me unbeknown to Jim.

^870- Esther's Divvy , p. 30.

UNBETHINK, v. to remember, to reflect Lit. " to think about."
The prefix un- is for um-; A.S. ymb-^ about. " J)att te birrth
ummbethenhkenn agg," i,e. that it behoves thee always to consider.
Ormulumy 1240.

Collier. On then I unbethonutxat o'mesawt. — Works y p. 49.

1750.

Waugh. Aw*11 have a wift o* *bacco whol aw unbethink mo a

^866. bit. Ben an^ th^ Bantanty c. iii., p. 51.

Ibid. That's hur 'at I wur beawn to get wed to at first ; but

^879- I've unbethought mysel' sin then.

Chimney Comer, p. 2a

Ibid. He forgeet Jone, as clean as a whistle, an* he drove

through Middleton, an' straight on to Rachda', afore he
unbethought Yiis-^tW Ibtd,,-p, 353.

UNCUTH, adj. strange. A..S. wn-ciiS, Miskivown.

Langland. UnkotUh Vni^Ves ^\\\. comt ^ V>3Xv^^w!cl \a Oves^.

1377. p. Plowman, ^-XexX^'^^ss^NrCv^ V \t^'e^.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

273

Spbnsbr.
1590-

They three together travelled
Through many a wood and many an uncouth way.

F, Qu^gne, Bk. III., canto x., st. 34.

T. L. O. Davies.
>875-

Uncouth once meant * 'unknown. " Bishop Hall speaks
of an apparition of a good angel as being in modem days
"wonderful and uncouth^^ {Invis, Worlds i. 8); but the
prejudice which is often felt against that which is strange
led to its present sense of "rough" or "awkward."

Bible English^ p. 183.

Waugh.
1877.

** How are things shappin* down i' th* clopf, yon ?"
"About th' owd bat. There's nought uncut h agate 'at I
know on." Chimney Comer , p. 114.

TJNriTTHS [ ^^'P^' something new, strange, or uncommon.

Collier.
1750.

B. Brierley.

1867.

Waugh.

x868.

Then (as I thowt he talkt so awkertly) I'd ash him for
th' wonst whot uncuths he'd yerd sturrin'.

Works y p. 51.

" What is it theau has to tell me ; an uncouth or a
tale ?" " An uncouth^ Mary ; the feyver's abeaut."

Atar locks of Meriton, p. 73.

They were telling one another the ^^ uncuths'*'' (bits of
strange news) of their separate neighbourhoods.

Sneck-Bant, p. 24.

UNDERBREE (N. Lane), sb, a bright light appearing under clouds.

UNDERNEIGH, adv. underneath.'

UNFORBIDDAN (N. Lane), adj. disobedient. A.S. un, not, and
forbeddan, to forbid.

J. p. Morris.
Z869.

Thou's a v^xi2^forbiddan barne.

Words of Fumess, p. 104-

UNGAIN, adj, awkward, inconvenient.

The lady seyde, We ryde ylle,
Thes gates [roads] they are ungayne.

Le Bone Florence, 1. 1420 ; in Ritson's Metrical
Romances, vol. iii., p. 60.

Coll. Use.

z88a.

He's taen th' ungainst road he could find.
UNHOMED (Fylde), part adj. unpolished.

UNKERT, adj. strange. See Uncuth. Also unkid^ unked, in other
dialects ; all corruptions of uncouth. " Into ati uncod, ^W.^" \x.
into a strange place ; Political Poems and S>oxi^^, ^d. T.^xv^x.^
p, J64 (Record Series).

2 74 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

UNNISH (Fylde), v, to starve. [Put for hunish. In my notes to
P. Plowman, p. 237, I give examples of the rare M.E. word
honesschen^ to chase away, do away with, kill, &c. I there connect
it with huncky to push ; but I now think it was originally due to
the O.F. honiry to disgrace (as in honi soit qui mal y pense) ;
hun-isk being formed from the stem of the pres. part haniss-ant.
It may have been confused with E. huncK to push, as it is used
in a considerable variety of senses. — W. W. S.]

UN-SNECK, V. to unlatch or unfasten a door.

UP-END, z;. to set on end, to raise up.

Waugh. I left him about two minutes sin* up-ended i* bed yon,

'^'^ croodlin' a bit of a tune. — Manchr, Critic^ January 14.

UPHOWD I ^'' ^^ guarantee, to vouch for. Lit. " to uphold."

Waugh. Beside, he*s somebory*s chylt, an' somebory likes him

'^55. too, awll uphowd him.

Lane, Sketches : Bury to Rochdale^ p. 27.

J. P. Morris. Gert letherin* yung chaps, fell-bred, I'se uphod *em.

^^^' Siege 0' Broutony p. 3.

Waugh. There wur a bonny racket i* that hole for a bit, I'll

X879. uphowd to I Chimney Comer, p. 90.

UPPISH, adj. proud, conceited.

UPS-AN'-DOWNS, sb.pL changes, good and ill fortune.

Coll. Usb. Th' owd lad's had his ups-an^-downs aw con tell yo,

'^"* tho* he's getten into a quiet shop at last.

UPSET, sb, a round loaf of bread, baked like a cake on the oven-
bottom.

UPSIDES, adj equal.

Coll. Use. Aw'll be upsides with him yet — see iv aw dunnot !

1882. "^

UPSTROKE, sb, end, finish.

Waugh. Thou'd better look out, or thou'll find thisel' i'th'

'^79* wrung shop when th' upstroke comes.

Chimney Corner^ p. 53.

URCHIN, sb, an hedgehog. See irchon in Specimens of English,
ed. Morris and Skeat, p. 32; and urchin in Tempest, i. iL 326.

Colli KR. A tealier fund an urchon i'th' hadloont-reean.

'750- Works, p. 37.

URLED (N. Lane), adj, stunted.
URSEL8ypr,pL ourselves.

Waugh. At ih* mosl 6* times, 'W^i ti Vo V-^ ursels VckVeie^ urseU^

'855' welly. Lanc» SfeetcHcs^^, '^2..

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 275

US, pro, our. In a Friesic version of the Merchant of Venice^ printed
at Groningen in 1829, Shakspere*s line — "Like as God's sun
sweetly our world o'ershines" — is translated "Lyk az God's
sinne swiet uus wrid oerschijnt." A.S. user^ our; more com-
monly ure.

Coll. Use. It*s a wild soart of a neet, lads ; we's be best off at us

'^^'* own fireside.

USHEAW, adv, so how ; equivalent to ** no matter how.**

Coll. Use, Yo need'nt fear : he*ll come usheaw it is.

1882.

UT, pro, that. M.E. at, that. " Thai slew the veddir at thai bar" =
they slew the weather which they bore ; Barbour's Bruce, vii. 152.

Ramsbottoh. We're mixt wi* stondin paupers, too,

'^** Ut winno wortch when wark*s t* be had.

Lane, RhynuSj p. 24.

UZZIT, sb, the letter Z. Also called in other dialects izzard, izzet
(Halliwell).

B. Brierley. When aw*re th' age o' yon lass, aw're as straight as a

' ^' pickin'-peg. But neaw, aw*m as croot as a uzzit.

Red Windows Hall^ c. ii., p. 12.

V.

VARRA (N. Lane), adj, and adv, pron. of very. The same pro-
nunciation is given by Shakspere — ** No, sir ; but it is vara fine."
Lov^s JL Losty V. ii. 487.

Dr. Barber. I sud ha' thowte iwery body kent aad Bat varra near.

»87o- He was varra notable, wos Bat. — FomessFolk, p. 133.

VIEWLY )

VIEWSOME ) ^' Lane), adj, handsome, striking to the eye.

276 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

W.

WACKER, V. to shake, tremble, quiver. Cf. E. wag, waggle.

Collier. As soon as I could speyk for whackerin\ I asht him

^750* wher ther wur on aleheawse. IVorks, p. 52.

Elijah Ridings. My yure stood up, my pluck wur deawn,

'^^5' Aw wackert cowd an pale. Lane, Muse^ p. 30.

Waugh. Thou wackers about like a tripe doll.

^^^^' Chimney Comer, p. 113.

WAENY, adj. tending to wane or grow less.
WAFT, sb. a draught.

Coll. Use. He took it deawn at a wafi.

1881.

WAKIN*-TIME, sb. the time or period of the wakes.

Waugh. Aw wish that Candlemas day were past,

^^59. When waking-time comes on.

Lane, Songs: Sweetheart Gate.

Ibid. Aw'st ha* sarve't thoose folk wi' besoms neaw aboon

^^^' seven year, come waking-time.

Ben an^ th^ Bantam, p. 53.

WALK-MILL, sb. a fulling mill. M.E. walker, a fuller. See
Walker in Ray, p. 71. In the early Manchester directories all
the fullers and cloth-dressers were called walkers.

Waugh. He wur a walk-miller when he're young.

^^^^' Ben an' th' Bantam, p. 64.

WALLOW, adj. (Fylde and E. Lane), insipid. See Walsh in Ray.

WAMBLE, V. to shake, to stagger, to move unsteadily from side to
side. The word is often applied to food in the stomach.

Waugh. I lost about nine on 'em o' together ; an* thoose *at*s

^^79- left are wamblin' about like chips in a ponfiil o* warp-

sizin*. It'll be a good while afore my teeth getten sattle't
again. Chimney Corner, p. 39.

WAMBLY, adj. weak, faint, shaky, sickly. See above.

Waugh. He used to be as limber as a treawt (trout) when he're

*^55« young ; but neaw he's as wambly an' slamp as a barrow

full a warp-sizin'. Lane. Sketches, p. 130.

B. Brierley. I went as wambly as a lad after smokin' his first pipe.

^^^ Ab in London, p. 43.

Waugh. I feel very wambly, for sure. I'm as slamp as a seck-

'^^' full o' swillin's. Chimney Comer, p. 113.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 277

WANG-TOOTH (N. Lane), sb, a molar tooth. A.S. wang, cheek,
jaw. See wanges in Chaucer's Reeves Tale, 1. no.

WANKLE, adj, weak, unstable. A.S. wancol^ unstable, fluctuating.

J. p. Morris. "That bame's terble wankle on its legs," is a very

'^^* common expression in Fumess.

Words and Phrases of Fumess^ p. 107.

WAP, sh, a glance, a glimpse.

Waugh. It wur th* cat ; I just geet a wap o' its tail as it wur

'^79- gooin* out o* seet. Chimney Comer y p. 176.

WAP, I V. to move or turn quickly ; to go by swiftly ; as " He
WHAP, J wapt eawt o' th* dur ;" " He wapt past me like leetnin'
(lightning)." Cf. M.E. wippen^ to move quickly.

WAR, adj\ worse. A.S. warra, worse.

Spenser. They sayne the world is much war than it wont.

^579- Shepheardes Calender: September.

Waugh. Hoo co'de [called] me war than a pow-cat.

^^79. Chimney Comer ^ p. 91.

Coll. Use. Aye, lad ; things are gettin' war and war (worse and

'^^'' worse) ; we*s come to *t fur-eend soon.

WARCH, V, to ache. A.S. wcerc^ pain ; Icel. verkr^ pain ; M.E.
werk^ pain, werchen^ to ache.

Sir T. Mallorv. But I may not stonde, myn hede werches soo.

^^^ Le Morte Darthur, Lib. xxi., cap, v., 1. i.

Collier. I gran, an' I thrutcht, till meh arms wartcht agen.

'750. Works, p. 44.

B. Brierley. I shaked his bond till my arm wartcht, then he shaked

1869. mine till his arm wartcht, Ab in London, p. 78.

Waugh. Dick o* Belltinker*s is for bavin' one of his front teeth

^^7^' poo'd out, if it doesn't give o'er warchin\

Chimney Comer, p. 114.

WARM, V, to beat.

Waugh. Shaking the lad by the shoulder, she whispered in his

^7* ear, "I'll warm thee, gentleman, when we getten

whoam!" Chimney Comer, p. 15.

WARTY, sb.pL working-days. Short for wark-day,

B. Brierley. Ther's very little difference neaw between ther Sunday

^^^7" an' ther warty clooas. — Marlocks of Merriton, p. 61.

Coll. Use. He ne'er stops, mon ; he's at it Sunday and warty o'

• "^^'* alike.

WASTREL, sb, a good-for-nothing fellow, a spendthrift. Also
applied as an adj, to articles spoilt in the making through some
flaw in the material, as a wastrel casting in iron, a wastrel bobbin,
which splits in the turning. From the verb to waste. M.E.
wastour. Piers Plowman, B-text, vi., 1. 176.

B. Brierley. Look at his feyther, a gamblin', thievin', chettin', black-

^^^' le^in', God-forsweaiiii' wastrcL Irkdale^ ^« *W

278 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

Waugh. it»s Dick o* Fiddler's. A bigger wastrel never kommed

' ^^ (combed) a toppin' ! He*s bin sold up three or four times,

an* he owes brass o* up an* down this town.

Chimney Corner^ p. 3a

WATER-GAIT, sb, a gully or reft in the rock, which in summer is
the bed of a streamlet, but in winter is filled by a torrent.

Grindon. The desolate complexion of these winter-torrent gullies

^^^** (in Lancashire phrase, " water-gaits^'') in its way is com-

plete, though often charmingly redeemed by innumerable
green fern-plumes on the borders.

Illustrations of Lancashire^ p. 49.

WATER -PORRIDGE, sb, oatmeal porridge. Oftener called
** Thick-porridge."

WAUGHISH, adj, weary, faint. Cf. wallow, Waugh-ish -
wailow-ish.

Collier. I*r wofo weak an* waughish, Works^ p. 60

1750-

WAUT, V, to upset ; to turn completely over ; to fall on one side.
M.E. walten. See Allit. Poems and Sir Gawayne ; also Walt in
Ray, p. 72.

B. Brierley. If aw want my cart i* theere, Nan, awse want a

'^^^* strunger tit nor thee for t* poo me eawt.

IrkdaU, p. 161.

Waugh. At th* end of o*, th' Smo'bridge chaps wanted th*

X879. Marian*" cart into th* river. — Chimney Corner^ p. 196.

WEAN, j^. a child.

Burns. Himsel, a wife, he thus sustains,

'786. A smytrie o* wee duddie weans. Twa Dogs.

Collier. Theaw*rt none sitch a feaw whean nother.

^750- Works y p. 71.

WEAR )

WARf' I ^' ^^ spend. See Ware in Ray, p. 72.

Spenser. That wicked wight his dayes doth weare,

'590- F. Queene, i. i. 51.

Collier. I thowt 1*11 know heaw meh shot stons afore 1*11 ivear

I750' moor o meh brass o* meh brekfast. fVorks, p. 55.

Waugh. There may be here an* there a collier *at*s no moor wit

*^79' nor wearin" his hard-won brass o* sich like prout as
champagne. Chimtuy Corner^ p. 56.

Coll. Use. He*ll ware his brass wheer he loikes.
z88x.

WEARY, adj. sad, disreputable, Tegtella\Ae.

CoL.!^ UsB. It's a weary )ob, Vids ; aw vn^ vj^^T\.€«\je.-^\!k.aaVu

lOoZ.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 279

WEBSTER, sb, 2l weaver. M.E. webstere,

Langland. WoUe websteres and weveres of lynnen.

^377- /> Plowman, B-text, Prol., 219.

Burns. Wabster lads

'785' Blackguarding firae Kilmarnock. The Holy Fair.

WEEK, sb. pron. of wick — the wick of a candle or lamp. M.E.
weke,

Langland. As wex and a weke were twyned togideres.

*377. /> Plowmatty B-text, xvii. 204.

Spenser. True it is that, when the oyle is spent,

iSQo* xhe light goes out, and weeke is throwne away.

/^ Queene, ii. x. 30.

WEEMLESS (N. Lane), adj. spotless; without a fault. A.S.
wem^ spot, blemish ; Icel. vammlauss^ spotless.

WE'N, ) pro, and v. we have ; also, we will have. (1) W^n = we
WE'EN, } ^<J«, wehave, (2) We^n-7ve7villen,yityi\\\, See Win.

B. Brierley. We^n [we have] made it up for t* have a buryin'.

'S^' IrkdaU, p. 29.

WEET, prep, and pro, with it.
WEIGHS, sb, pi, a pair of scales.

WELLY, adv, well-nigh, nearly. Put for wel-ny, M.E. «y, nigh.

Waugh. Ejt Joseph's welly blint, poor lad.

'^59* La*ic, Songs: Eawr Folk,

B. Brierley. Aw welly geet eawt o' conceit wi* folk.

'^^- Irkdale, p. 42.

WELLY-NEAR, adv, very near.

Coll. Use. He wur welly-near drownt when they geet him eawt ;

'^®^* another minute *ud 'a* done th' job for him.

WENCH, sb, a girl, a young woman ; usually but not exclusively
used to describe an unmarried woman.

B. Brierley, Gone deawn to th' Grange wi* some moore schoo'

'^^®' wenches ut wanted to see that lad. Irkdale, p. 191.

WESH, V. pro. of wash.

Tyndale. Goo wesshe the in the pole of Siloe.

'^ Trans, : Gospel of St, John, chap. ix.

WE'ST, pr. and v. we shall.

Waugh. a sawp o' deawnfo* *ud do a sect o* good just neaw ;

^^5- an' we^st ha* some afore long, or aw*m chetted.

Lane, Sketches, p. 203.

B. Brierley. This comes o* thi workin* ov a Sunday. We'st ha*

^^^7' some sort o* bad luck beside, aw reckon, through it.

Marlocks of Merrtton^ ij* "jo*

WHA (N. Lane), pro, who. A.S. /iwd, y?\vo.

28o LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY-

WHANG (N. Lane), sb. a shoe-tie ; a thong.
WHANG (N. Lane), sb, a blow.
WHAU, adv, why.
WHEANTLY, adv, hearty, pretty well

Collier. Aw could ha* gone on wheantly. Works, xxxvi.

1750-

Bamford. " Heaw arto this momin' ?" ** Well, awm weantly,

'^54- thank yo." Dial, S, Lancy p. 255.

WHEEM, ad;\ handy, convenient. See Wheam in Ray, p. 73.

WHEEM (N. Lane), adj, innocent-looking, quiet.

WHEMMEL (N. Lane), v, to knock down, to upset E. whelm,

WHEWT, V. to whistle.

Collier. Whewt on Tummus an' Mary. Works, p. 39.

Waugh. Hoo*d hauve-a-dozen colliers whewtitC an tootin' after

'^^' her every neet. Chimney Comer, p. 29.

WHICK, «^*. alive, sprightly. A.S. cwic, living, quick, active.

Collier. It's moor in bargain o't I'm oather whick or hearty.

^750- Works, p. 40.

Waugh. The trippers looked the brighter for their out, and, to

^^55- use their own phrase, felt **fain at they'rn wick.'''*

Lane. Sketches, p. 44.

B. Brierley. We persuaded Donny for t' bury th' wife while hoo're

1868. yji^j^^ Irkdale, p. 28.

WHICKS, sb.pL quicks, thorns.

WHIRLBONE, sb, the round of the knee; '*but,'* says Bamford,
" all large bones of the thigh and leg are included in the term."
Properly the round end of a bone, which whirls or turns round
in the joint.

Collier. I*d th' skin bruzzed off th' whirlbooan o' meh knee.

'75°- Works, p. 45.

WHIRLERS, sb.pL extra stockings, or hay-bapds, worn around the
ankles.

WHISHT, adj. quiet, noiseless.

Waugh. Nea then ; yo mun be as whisht as mice !

Besom Ben, p. 52.

WHISKET, sb. a wicker basket. See Whisket in Ray, p. 73.

B. Brierley. Theau gets as writhen as an owd wisket.

^^^^' Fratchingtons, p. 68.

Waugh. Th' owd lad wur as clemmed as a whisket.

^^79- Chimney Comer, p. 116.

WHITSTER, sb, a bleacher. This word is now almost obsolete,
but " Whitster's Arms'* is sUW a commoxv 2\^\vQ\i^^ ivgcv.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 28 1

WHOAM, ) . ^^^„ . .^^
WHOM, 1 • P^ • ^ ^

WHOR, pro, what.

Waugh. ** What's your son getting, Mary?" said the chairman.

X867. «i Whor?'' replied she. "Aw'm rayther deaf What
say'n yo ?" Factory Folk, p. 18.

WHOT, ^^^ hot.

Dr. John Dee. Wheruppon rose whott words between us.

^581- Private Diary ^ p. 12.

Spenser. Nether to melt in pleasures whott desyre,

'590- Nor frye in hartlesse grief. F, Queene, ii. ii. 58.

Waugh. a wot churn-milk posset, weel sweet*nt.

^ ^^* Lane, Sketches, p. 22.

WHUT-CAKE, I ^ ^
WUD-CAKE, J • o^^^^^^-

Wl\prep, abbreviation of wM,

WICHURT, 1 .. , , ,
WITCHOD, t ^^^- ^''■'^'^^-

Langland. Wolleward and wete-shoed went I forth after.

^377. /> Plowman, B-text, xviii. i.

Waugh. One woman pleaded hard for two pair of clogs, saying,

^^7- ** Yon chylt's bar-fuut ; an' he's witchodj an' as ill as he

con be." " ^Tio's witchodV* asked the chairman.
"My husban' is, an' he connot ston it just neaw."

Factory Folk, p. 18.

WICKEN, sb, the mountain ash, the rowan tree of Scotland. At
Seal'Bank, near Greenfield, Saddleworth, there is a place called
the Wi'cken-holc, from the abundance of trees of this kind
growing there.

WICKEN-WHISTLE, sd. a whistle made out of a piece of the
mountain ash, the tender bark of which is easily manipulated.

Waugh. She saw him cutting a twig with his knife. * ' William ! "

'^79- cried she, "whatever arto doin'?" "I'm makin' a

wicken-whistle. Chimney Comer, p. 5.

WICKEYIN', part, reversing a suit at cards.

WICKSTART, sb, an upstart. Cf. M.E. wippm. See Wap, p. 278.

Waugh. A lot o' camplin', conca)rted wickstarts, 'at hannot had

^^79* time to reckon their limbs up gradely.

Chimney Comer, p. 141.

WI'DD'N,/r. and v,pL we had. Wi'dd'n = we hadden, we had.

Waugh. Sam an' me's gettin owd, an' w^dcCn raythur be quiet

'®55- for th' bit o' time at wi' ha'n lo do oiv.

Lane. SketcKes,^* 1.^-

282 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

WIMBLE (Lancaster), ] v, to tilt, to raise one end, to incline.
WIMLE, J Variant of Whemmel, q,v,

WIN, pr. pi, will = willen,

B. Bribrlby. Well, but heaw win th* two wimmen do when they

1868. gjjjj jj ts^iX. ut they booath belung to one husbandt ?

IrkdcUcy p. 197.

WINBERRY, ) sb, the whortleberry. Vaccinium myrtillus, A.S.
WIMBERRY, ) wln-berige; lit. wine-berry, from the resemblance
to a diminutive grape.

WINDLES, sb,pL blades of grass, or corn, or anything blown astray
by the wind.

WINDLESTRAW, sb, coarse wiry grass.

WINROW, sb, a row of hay in the meadow = wind-row. See
Windrow in Ray, p. 95.

WISEMAN, 1 A r . * n
WISEWOMAN, I ^^- ^ fortune-teller.

Potts. The said Peter was now satisfied that the said Isabel

'3- Ratey was no Witch, by sending to one Halesworths,

which they call a Wiseman,

Discovery of Witches^ p. 46.

WITHIN, prep, against, opposed to.

Coll. Usb. Aw'm not within gooin*, if aw*m wanted.

zooz.

WITHOUT, conj, unless.

Coll. Usb. Aw*st not put a hond to it without tha'U help at same

'88'- time.

WOBBLE, V, to move from side to side.

WOISTY \

WYESTY ^^* large and empty.

Collier. So Margit shewed meh a wistey reawm (room).

'750- Works, p. 54.

John Scholes. Awm gooin* ov o* lung wysty journey.

^57' /aunt to see th^ Queen, p. 20.

WOLE, sb, pron. of wall.

Waugh. He's hardly wit enough to keep fro* runnin* again woies

1855- i' th' dayleet ! Lane, Sketches, p. 28.

WON, V, to reside, live at. A.S. wunian, to dwell \ M.E. wonen^
to dwell.

Chaucer. A Schipman was ther, wonyng fer by weste.

'3»°- Prol, Cant, Tales, 388.

Spenser. In those same woods ye well remember may

I590* How that a noble Hunteresse did woune,

F, Queene, iii. v. 27.

Collier. An owd cratchenly gentleman wooans ot yon heawse.

'750. Worfes^p, 56.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 283

WUD ' I ^^' ™^^' insane. A.S. wbd^ mad.

Spenser. Through unadvized rashness woxen wood,

'59®* F, Qtieene, i. iv. 34.

Collier. «* Neaw, Meary, whot cou*d onny mon do?" " Do !

'75o» I*st o* gone stark woode" Works, p. 42.

WOPPER, sb, anything very large of its kind.

Coll. Use. **Is it a wench ?" **Nawe, it's a lad, an' a wopper^

1881. too^»

WORCH, V, to work. A.S. weorcan; M.E. werchm,

Waugh. There isn't a wick thing i' this world can wortch as it

^^5S« should do, if it doesn't heyt (eat) as it should do.

Lane, Sketches, P« 3i»

Ibid. Colliers worchen for their livin' — that's one thing i'

iSrg- their favour for a start. Chimney Comer, p. 56.

WORKY-DAY, sb, working-day as opposed to Sunday.

Geo. Herbert. The worky-daies are the back-part ;

i633« The burden of the week lies there.

The Temple : " Sunday. "

CoLU Use. Which clooas (clothes) mun aw put on — ^my worky-day

*^8*« or my Sunday uns ?

WORRIT, V, to harass, to perplex, to annoy by trifling irritations.

Coll. Use. Hoo means nowt wrung ; but hoo worrits me till aw'm

^^®** fit to knock her deawn.

WOTZEL, $b, a spindle used for making holes by burning.
WOUGH, sb, a wall M.E. wowe. See Wogh in Ray, p. 74.

West Mid. Dialect. In the palays pryncipale upon the playn wowe,

'3^ E, Allit, Poems, B. 1531.

*44o« Wowe or wal, murus. Prompt, Paru,

IS53- The jury order that James Oldom shall on penalty

uphold a wough or wall betwixt the houses.

Manchr, Court Leet Records,

WRYTHE, V, to twist ; allied to wreathe, A.S. wri^an^ to twist ;
whence wrci^, a wreath.

B- ^'"J*''"^* Aw'U wrythe thy neck reawnd till it's as twisted as a

*^^* cleawkin' bant. Irkdale, p. 71.

WRYTHEN, part. adj. twisted, gnarled. A.S. wrl^en, p. p. of the
strong verb wri^an, to writhe.

WUTHER, adj. swift, forcible,
r

284 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

WUTHERIN', part, adj. rushing, overpowering. A " wutheriii
felley" is a powerful, overbearing man.

Waugh. He'll be a greight, stark, strung-backed, wutherirC

1879. Englishman, o' th* owd breed, if he's luck.

Chimney Comer ^ p. 157.

WYE-CAUVE, sb, a she-calf. See Whye in Ray, p. 74.

B. Bribrley. Aw've bin browt up as marred as a wye-cauve ut*s bin

'^^^' licked with its mother till it con do nowt for itsel'.

Jrkdale, p. 263.

WYNT (j long), sb, breath.

B. Bribrlby. He're an owd Jacobin, wur my feyther, an* cusst church

an' king as lung as he'd wynt, Irkdale, p. 47.

W^uG"- He oppen't his gills, for he lippen*t o' lettin' th' ale

' ^^" down o' at a ivynt. Chimney Comer, p. 9.

WYTHINS (y long), sb.pL osiers, withies.

WYZEL {y long), sb. the haulm or stalk of the potato.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 285

Y.

YA )

YAN J (^' Lane), adj, one.

J. p. Morris. Sooa yd day, bless ye, ther* wos sich a noration as

^^^7* niwer wos seen. Invasion 0^ U^sion, p. 4.

Ibid. Anudder fella oppen'd t* secVs yan by yan,

Ibid», p. 5.

YAD or \

YATTD I ^' Laiic.), sb, a horse. Cf. E. jade.

YALLOW-YORIN' (N. Lane.), sb. the Yellow-Bunting or Yellow-
Hammer. Etnheriza citrinella,

YAM (N. Lane.), sb. pron. of home.

J. p. Morris. It wos varra lee^t at neet when o' t' Coniston fellows

^^^7» gat^aw. Invasion d' IT stont'p* *j.

Dr. Barber. What a deal o' things a body may larn if he hobbut

1870. gangs {T2ieyam a lile bit ! Fomess Folk^ p. 35.

YAMMER, V. to long for, to yearn after; also to cry or whimper.
M.K yeomerian^ to lament ; AS. gedmrian, to lament Cf. Icel.
jarma, to bleat.

Collier. Boh aw yammer t' hear heaw things turnM eawt at th*

^750- eend of aw. Works, p. 62.

Bamford. His feyther, dead an' gwon as he is, wud no ha' ston

^^^°* sighen' an' yammerin* as this does.

Life of Radical, i. 134.

Waugh. Eh, dear o* me I To see poor folk's little bits o'

1855. childer^awwm«' for a bite o' mheyt, when there's noan

for 'em. Lane, Sketches : Bury to RochdaUy^i 32.

Ibid. We wandem abeawt to find rest on't,

*8S9' An' th' vform yammers for us i' th' greawnd.

Lane, Songs : God Bless these Poor Folk,

Ibid. The lads of the village lingered about the doorway of

^^7S» the Boar's Head, yammering and sniffing at the odours

of the kitchen. Old Cronies, c. iii., p. 28.

YANCE (N. Lane.), adv, once.

J. p. Morris. O' at yance ther' strack up a mee^t ter'ble rumpus.

^^7» Inversion 0^ U^ston, p. 5.

YARB, f^. herb ; also occasionally used for hay-grass.

WAuGk. I bethought me of an old herbalist, or **yarb doctor,"

^^55* who lived somewhere thereabouts — a genuine dealer in

simples. Lane, Sketches, p. 21.

1bid« We'n the finest yarb (grass) i' yon top me^jicw -aX. ^:*^^x

I clapt een on. IHd»^^» 'i.iSi*

286 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

YARBER, sb, a gatherer of herbs.

YARBIN*, part, gathering herbs.

YARK, V. to strike hard, to hit earnestly. Cf. K jerk,

YARKIN', sb, 2l beating, a thrashing.

YARRISH, adj, of a harsh taste.

YARY, adj, acrid, strong-flavoured.

YATE, sb, a gate, a fence. AS. geat, a gate.

West Mid. Dialbct. Vch pane of that place had thre yates,

'3<5o. E^ E^ jiiiit^ Toems^ A. 1033.

B. Brierlby. Hoo says th' owd yate^s nowt like what it wur th' day

^^^o* I took her through it. — Ab on Times and Things, p. 28.

YEARNSTFUL, adj, earnest, with great yearning j lit earnest-ful.

Collier. Bless me Meary ! theaw'rt so yearnstful, 'at teaw'il

*75o« naw let me tell me tale. Works, p. 69.

John Scholes. Oytch body lookt wi* sich yeamstfo een as iv thi lipp'nt

^857« o* summut leetin* eawt o* th* cleawds.

Jaunt to see tW Queen^ p. 42.

YEARNSTFULLY, adv. earnestly.

Waugh. Bodle begun o' lookin' very yeamstfully at th' fire-hole.

^^55- Lane, Sketches : Bury to Rochdale^ p. 28.

YEARTH, sb, pron. of earth. The use of y before the vowel, as
in this word, is very common in Lancashire. It also frequently
takes the place of H, as in head^ pronounced yed. The same
thing will be found in Tusser —

Thresh cleane ye must bid them, though lesser they
yam (earn). Five Hundred Pointes : November.

And in Spenser —

My due reward, the which right well I deeme

I yearned have, F, Queene, vi. vii. 15.

So also in Shropshire, yep = heap,
YEBB, sb, Edmund.
YED, sb, pron. of head.

Bamford. "Sithe," said the latter, **if ta dusna say *Deawn

'359« wi' th' Rump,' theawst goB. yed fost inta that dam."

Early Days^ p. 17.

YED-BEETLER, sb, the head beetler, the head man of a company
of beetlers j also applied figuratively to any foreman or man in
charge.

Waugh. He wvlt a xoak oi «l yed-beetler ^xkotv!^>Qcl ^ortVsr^xs.^

1879- at th' mlvjav-sUWoti. Chimney Comer, ^. \fi^^.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY. 287

YEDDERS (N. Lane), sd. pi wattling bands for hedges. Yeather
in Ray, p. 75.

YED-WARCH, sb. headache. See Warch.

YEL, A. an awl.

YELLS, %h,pL healds of a weaver's loom.

YEM, sh, Edmund.

YEPSINTLE, sb. two handfuls. See Yaspen in Ray, p. 95.

Collier. Of aw th* spots i* th' ward [world], there wou'd not I

1750. ha comn for a yepsintle o* ginneys [guineas].

JVorks, p. 67.

YERR, V. to hear.

Waugh. **Aw con tell tho heaw to cure th* worms," said Ben.

1869. "Let's be^'^rriV then," replied Skudler.

Yeth'Bobs^ c. iii., p. 45.

Ibid. If hoo yerd a foot passin' th' house, hoo geet up, an

^^79- looked through th' window. Chimney Comer, 147.

YERST, sb. a hearse.

Waugh. "But it's a berrin-coach." "A what?" ''Kyerstr

1866. 1 1 w^hat's that ? " * * One o' thoose coaches 'at they carry'n

coffins in at funerals." Ben an* th* Bantam, p. 226.

YETTER, sb, = heater, le, a piece of iron which is made red-hot in
the fire and then used for heating a kind of smoothing-iron
called a "box-iroa" Also, in another shape, for heating what
is called a "tally-iron."

Others, like Nut Nan, prowling about shady recesses
of the woods, **wi' a poke-full <? rtdi-yihoi yetters, to
brun nut-steylers their een eawt."

Lane, Sketches : Heywood and its Neighbourhood,

p. 190.

Ibid. Her fece wur as red as z.yetter, — Tattlin* Matty, p. 24.

1867.

YEZZINS, sb,pL the eaves. See Easins, ante, p. 114.
YEZZY, adj, pron. of easy.

Waugh. Go thi ways whoam, Ann ; neaw do ; or else aw shan't

^867. be^'^zyabeawt tho. Factory Folk, ^, \^^,

Ibid. It '11 be a good deal yezzier when it comes to a yed.

*^^^ Chimney Comer: Manchr, Critic, March 17.

Waugh.

1855.

Yoi,^' 1 ^^^- y^^^

Waugh. « « This is th' house, isn't it, Matty ? " * * Yigh. We're

*»76. just i' time."

Chimney Cortier: Maiichr^ Critic^ ^"axdc^vv.

288 LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

YIRTH-BOBS, ) r ^, ^ r, r u ..i.
YFTH-T50BS I ^^'^^' ""^^ ^* neatn.

Waugh. If yo 'm up at th' Smobridge, yo*dd'n be fit to heyt

'^55- yirth'bobs an* scaplins, welly.

Lane, Sketches : RochdcUe to Blackstone Edge,^, 131.

Ibid. Hello, Ben! Is that thee? Heaw arto gettin* on

bs upo' Lobden Moor ?
Yeth'Bobs arC Scaplins, c. i., p. 16.

^^9* among yon yirthbobs upo^Lobden^oor ?

~th-i

YO, pron. you.

Waugh. **What dun yo want?" "Mistress, can j/^ tell me

1879- wheer Jenny Pepper lives ?" ** Who, sayn yo ?"

Chimney Corner^ p. 31.

YOANDURTH, sb, the forenoon. See Aandom in Ray, p. 29.

CoLLiBR. Sed I, aw'r theer th* last oandurth, an hee*d leet o' one

1750. \h' yoandurth afore. Works, p. 56.

YO'DD'N, ) you had ; also you would. For (i) yo hodden^ (2) yo

T, J

YOAD'N, J wolden.

Waugh. Whau, mon, yo^dctn sink into a deeod sleep, an' fair

*®SS- <jee i» tii» shell, iv one didn't wakken yo up a bit, neaw

an' then. Lane, Sketches, Bury to Rochdale, p. 26.

YO'N, pron, and v. you will, you have, (i) Yo willen; (2) yo han
( = haven),

Waugh. <« Cant or not cant, aw'll shap this job for yo, yo^n

'86s. see," replied Roddle. Besom Ben, c. vi., p. 82.

Ibid- ** Aw'll not have sich gooin's on I " cried she. " Look

^^^ what lumber ydn made. "

Ben an^ th* Bantam, c. ii., p. 41.

YONDERLY, adj\ anxious, absent-minded, vacant.

Waugh. Come, Jamie, an' sattle thisel in a cheer ;

■ '^^ Thae's looked \Qry yonderly mpny a day ;

It's grievin' to see heaw theawr't wearin' away.

Lane, Songs : Jamie's Frolic,

B. Brierlby. What's do wi' thee ; theaw's lookt o momin as yon-

1868. ^^^ly ^ j£ theaw'd lost th' guiders o' thy een ?

JrkdcUe, c. ii., p. 74.

YO-NEET (Fylde), sb. a merry night. Short for yule-neet.
YORNEY, sb, a fooL

B. Brierlby. Did t' think he'd bin such ?iyomey as he is?

'^^' Mariocks of Merriton, p. 29.

YORT, $b, a yard, a fold.

YO'ST, pron, and v, you shall See Aw'st, anlCf p. 18.

Waugh. " Iv yo two connot agree," said the mother, " aw'll

'^^7. tak that dish away ; an' yo^st not have another bite this

day." Factory Folfe^ c, idx.., p. 166.

FO W£R (N. Lane), sb. t\ve uddet oi a co\». \c€i- j4^r.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

289

YOWL, V. to howL M.E. yollen; allied to K yell.

"Jem," cried the landlady again, **heaw lung are
yo beawn to siiyeawlin* theer ? " — Sexton* s Story , p. 1 1 .

The QxgzxLyowlt on. Barrel OrguUf p, 29.

Waugh.
1865.

Ibid.

YURE, sd. hair.

Waugh.

1859.

Ibid.
1879.

One neet aw crope whoam when my weighvin* were o'er,
To brush mo, an* wesh mo, an* fettle my yur£.

Lane, Songs : Jamie* 5 Frolic,

He wur like a ^ty-yure^t [grey-haired] chylt, in his
wa3rs. Chimney Comer, p. 146.

YUREY, adj. hairy, furry.

Waugh. There coom in a rough-lookin' chap wi' a yurey cap on.

Chimney Corner: Manchr, Critic^ August 14.

1874.

LANCASHIRE GLOSSARY.

PREFATORY NOTE TO PART II.

The First Part of this Glossary was published in 1875.
The Authors regret the delay in the issue of the present
section, which, however, has for various reasons been
unavoidable.

The Third and concluding Part will contain introductory
chapters on the Literature, Grammar, and Pronunciation of
the Dialect. There will also be an Appendix of omitted ' ''}\..' ^cf
words, towards which contributions will be welcome. It is i* ^/' ^ ' ' '
hoped that the Third Part will be ready early in 1883. ^^' \ 1 '' ^

Manchester^ Aprils 1882,

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