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GLOSSARY OF TERMS 



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WITH A 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, 



ILLUSTRATIVE OF ITS RISE AND PROGRESS. 



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PREFACE. 



At a time like the present^ distinguished by such frequent 
additions to heraldic literature^ some apology may possibly be 
expected for the publication of another work relating to that 
science. Should this be the case^ the plea for the present 
volume must be^ first, the difierence of its plan from that of 
any other recent work on the subject, and, secondly, the need 
of a work containing information upon points which have been 
in a great measure, if not altogether, overlooked. Not, indeed, 
that the present volume contains anything absolutely new, — for 
it claims no higher merit than that of a careful compilation 
from authentic sources, — but that it comprehends a far greater 
number of terms than has hitherto been collected into one 
body. 

The plan, it will be observed, is that of a vocabulary or glos- 
sary, — ^a system of British heraldry digested into alphabetical 
order. The terms have been collected from all available sources, 
and their definitions from the writings of the most eminent 
heraldic authors of Great Britain. The arms quoted in illustra- 
tion of the definitions are almost exclusively those of British 
families or societies. Foreign heraldic terms, with the excep- 
tion of a few which have been employed by British heralds, 
have been excluded. 

It may be proper to mention in passing, that the names of 
animals have generally been omitted, except such as are borne 
with any conventional peculiarity of form, or called by technical 
or provincial names. The same remark will apply to the pro* 
ductions of the vegetable kingdom. 



11 PREFACE. 

Every bearing pertaining to the older mercantile Companies 
has been noticed. It has not been deemed expedient to pursue 
the same course with respect to the complicated ensigns of the 
more recent companies, because all the terms of language are 
insufficient to describe them adequately, without the aid of 
figures of the entire shields with their crests and supporters, 
and the insertion of such barbarisms could only have been 
accomplished by greatly increasing the bulk and expense of the 
work, without any corresponding advantage, since reference to 
them is but rarely necessary, and engravings easily accessible. 
The same may be said of the supporters of several recent Peers 
and Knights of the Bath. 

The engravings have been copied from the best accessible 
authorities, including seals, monumental brasses, and manu- 
scripts. 

Although it has been the earnest endeavour in the com- 
pilation of the present volume to distinguish between truth 
«nd error, the many instances in which ancient arms are 
known to have been corrupted by successive generations of 
painters, and the numerous misstatements and contradictions 
which have been detected in the writings even of the most 
skilful heraldic authors, both English and foreign, forbid the 
hope that this object has always been accomplished. A few 
inaccuracies and omissions discovered during the progress of 
the work are noticed in the Addenda. 

In conclusion, the editor desires to express his grateful 
obligations to several gentlemen who have materially assisted 
him in his undertaking. 

November 30, 1846. 



THE WORKS CHIEFLY MADE USE OF IN THE PRESENT COMPILATION, 

ARE THE FOLLOWING. 



Akstis (Jo.), Garter, The Register of tbe most noble Order of tbe Garter. 

2 Tols. London^ 1724. foL 
AsHMOLE (Elias), Windsor. Tbe Institution, I^aws, and Ceremonies of tbe 

Order of tbe Garter. London, 1672. foL 
Baker (Sir Biebard), KnU A Cbronicle of tbe Kings of England. London^ 

1670. fol. 
BossEWBLL (Jo.). Works of Armorie. London, 1572. 4o. 
Cambridge Camden Society. Ulustrations of Monumental Brasses. Cam- 

bridge, 1840, etc. fol. 
Camden (Will.), Clarenceux. Bemaines of a greater work concerning Britaine. 

London, 1623. 4o. 
Chalmers (Geo.). Caledonia. 3 vols. London, 1807-24. 4o. 
CoTMAN (Jo. Sell.). Engravings of Sepulcbral Brasses in Norfolk. London, 

1819. foL 
Dallawat (Rev. James). Inquiries into tbe origin and progress of Heraldry 

in England, [witb an Appendix containing tbe Heraldic portion of tbe Boke 

of Saint Albans.] Gloucester, 1793. 4^. 
DnoDALE (Sir Will.), Knt,, Garter, Tbe Antiquities of Warwicksbire. Xo»- 

don, 1656. fol. 
Duke (Rev. Edw.). Prolusiones Histories ; or Essays illustrative of tbe balle 

of Jobn Halle, citizen and mercbant of Salisbury. Vol. 1. Salisbury^ 

1837. S\ 
Edmondson (Josepb), Mowbray Herald extr, A complete Body of Heraldry. 

2 vols. London, 1780. fol. 
Edwards (Edw.). Tbe Great Seals of England. London, 1837. fol. 
Fa vine (Andre). Tbe Tbeater of Honour and Knigbtbood. London, 1623. 

fol. 
Fbnn (Jo.). Original Letters written in tbe reigns of Henry VI,, Edward IV., 

and lUcbard III. 3 vols. London, 1787-89. 4". 
Froissart (Jean). Cbroniques. Also tbe translation by 'John Boucbier 

knygbte, lorde Bemers,' 
Gibbon (Jo.), Blue-mantle. Introductio ad Latinam Blasoniam. London, 

1682. 8«. 
Glossary of Arcbitecture. 3 vols. Oa?/orrf, 1840, 41. 8°. 
GouoH (Richard). Sepulcbral Monuments. 2 vols. London, 1786. fol. 
GuiLLiM (Jo.), Rouge Dragon. A Display of Heraldry. London, 1724. fol. 
Hearnk (Tho.). A Collection of curious Discourses, written by eminent Anti- 
quaries, etc. 2 vols. Oxford, 1720. 8*. 



iv WORKS MADE USE OF. 

Hbylin (Dr. Peter). A Help to English History. London, 1709. 8». 
Holme (Handle). The Academy of Armorie. Chetter, 1688. fol. 
Johnston (Audi.). Notitia Anglicana. 2 vols. London, 1734. 8o. 
Kent (Sam.). The Grammar of Heraldry. London, 1716. 8*. 
Leoh (Gerard). The Accedence of Armorie. London, 1502. 4*. 
Long (Cha. Edw.). Boyal Descents. London, 1845. 4°. 
Lower (Mark Ant). The Curiosities of Heraldry. London, 1845. 8o. 
Mackenzie (Sir George), Knt. The Science of Herauldry. Edinburgh, 

1680. fol. 
Metbiok (Sir Sam. Bush.), Knt, A critical Inquiry into ancient Armour. 

8 Tols. London, 1824. fol. 
MiLLES (The). The Catalogue of Honor. London, 1610. fol. 
Montague (J. A.). A Guide to the Study of Heraldry. London, 1840. 4^ 
Morgan (Sylvanus). The Sphere of Gentry. London, 1661. fol. 
MouLE (The). Bibliotheca Heraldica Magnas Britannis. London, 1822. 4<*. 

The Heraldry of Fish. London, 1842. 8". 

Nichols (Jo.). The History and Antiquities of the county of Leicester. 4 vols. 

London, 1795-1815. fol. 
Nicolas (Sir Nic. Harris), K.CM.G, The History of the battle of Agin- 

court. London, 1832. S"". 

The Chronology of History. London, 1838. 12©. 

NisBET (Alex.). A System of Heraldry. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1722, 42. fol. 
Noble (Rev. Mark). A History of the College of Arms. London, 1805. 4**. 
Oxford Architectural Society. Some Account of the Abbey Church at 

Dorchester, (by the Rev. Hen. Addington.) Oxford, 1845. 8°. 
Rolls of Arms. 
Edw, I, The Siege of Carlaverock, translated, etc., by Sir N. H. Nicolas. 

London, 1828. 4". 
Edw. II, A Roll of Arms of Peers and Knights, edited by Sir N. H. 

Nicolas. London, 1828. 8o. 
Rich. II, A Roll of Arms of the reign of Richard II., edited by T. Wille- 

ment London, 1834. 4o. 
Hen, VIII, Fac-simile of a Roll of the Arms of Peers, A.D. 1515, edited 

by T. Willement. London, 1829. obi. fol» 
Sandforo (Fra.), Lancaster. A Genealogical History of the Kings of Eng- 
land. London, 1707. fol. 
ScROPE AND Grosvsnor. The Scrope and Grosvenor Controversy, edited by 

Sir N. H. Nicolas, vols. I. II. London, 1832. 40. 
Sblden (Jo.). Titles of Honour. London, 1672. fol. 
Shaw (Henry). Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages. London, 

1840. 4'. 
Stothard (Cha. Alf.). The Monumental Effigies of Great Britain. London, 

1817. fol. 
Tanner (The), Bp. of Saint Asaph, Notitia Monastica. Cambr. 1787, fol. 
Upton (Dr. Nich.). De Studio Militari libri qualuor, etc., cum notis Ed. 
BisssBi. Xron/fm?, 1654. fol. 



WORKS MADE USE OF. v 

Waller (J. G. and L. A. B.). A Series of Monumental Brasses. London, 

1840, etc. fol. 
Wallis (B.). The Arms, Crests, etc., of every distinct Company and Corporate 

Society in the Honourable City of London. London^ 1677. fol. 
Weeveb (Jo.). Ancient Funerall Monuments. London^ 1631. fol. 
WiLLEMENT (Tho.). Bcgal Heraldry. London, 1821. 4o. 
Heraldic Notices of Canterbury Cathedral. London, 

1827. 4*. 
YoBKE (James). The Union of Honour. London, 1640. fol. 



To the above might be added : — 

(1.) Numerous works relating to the Peerage, Baronetage, and Orders of 
Knighthood. 

(2.) Journals and Magazines; as the Archseologia, Archaeological Journal, 
Gentleman's Magazine, Military and Naval Magazine, and Betrospective 
Beview. 

(3.) Poets: including Chaucer, (ed. Tyrwhitt, 1830,) Spenser, Shakspere, 
Drayton, etc. 

(4.) And finally, a considerable number of Heraldic MSS. in public and pri- 
vate collections. 



M 



V 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, 

ILLUSTRATITE OF TH£ RISE AND PBOOBE88 OF ARMOBT, BSPECIALLT 

IN ENGLAND. 

(«EB ALSO SHIELD, BADGE, AND CROWN.) 



*•* 4fier the names rf the kings are placed the titles which they bore hrfore their sue- 
eetsion to the eroum. The reign of every king preceding Edward I. is reckoned fiom the 
day cfhM coronaiion. (See Sir N, H. Nicolas' s Chronology of History , p. 283 et seq.) 



A.D. 1066. Dec. 26, William I. The Conqueror. Duke of NoTmandy. 
Arms, p. 17. 

Several authors have given the arms of the adventurers who followed William 
to England. As there is no proof of their authenticity, but on the contrary, 
the strongest presumptive evidence against it, we shall only cite the examples 
of Ferrers, Granville, Lupus, and Saint-John, which will be found in subsequent 
pages of the present volume (165. 267. 125. 230.) Most of the arms attributed 
to personages of this era appear to have been either first borne by some of their 
descendants, or invented by heralds of subsequent times. A few (e. g. Lupus) 
may possibly be derived from devices, not strictly armorial, used by the alleged 
bearers of the arms, upon seals or otherwise : but if it could be proved that 
Hugh Lupus » had a wolf's head upon his seal, it would be no better evidence 
that personal or family heraldic insignia were known to the Normans, than the 
well known instance of the crow of Corvinusb is that such distinctions were 
used by the Romans. 

That arms were not borne at the time of the Conquest may be inferred from 
the absence of every thing of the kind in the Bayeux tapestiy, as well as in 
all seals, coins, and tombs of the era. The celebrated Caen tiles (see Gloss, of 

* It should be noticed that Lupus was given to earl Hugh for his excessive 
in all probability merely a nickname gluttony. 

^ Corvinus Phoebea sedet cui casside fulva, 
Ostentans ales proavitse insignia pngns. 

Silins lulicus, v. 78. 
b 



vui CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

Arch. 3rd ed. p. 260.) hare been cited as eTidence that arms were borne as 
early as the Conquest, but the antiquity assigned to them by the advocates of 
this theory is sufficiently disproved by internal evidence. 

The superior antiquity of national insignia cannot be doubted. It is certain 
that the horse was depicted upon the banner of the Saxons, and the raven upon 
that of the Danes, but it does not follow that those nations possessed anything 
like a system of heraldry. 

1070. The first hereditary earl. William gave to his half-brother «, Hugh 
of Avranches, sumamed Lupus, the earldom of Chester, to hold of him as freely 
by his sword, as he himself held England by his crown. By virtue of this 
grant Hugh constituted barons of his county palatine, and the same pre- 
rogative was exercised by some of his successors <i. 

1087. Sept. 26. William II. Bufus. Arms, p. 17. 

1094. The first crusAde excited by the preaching of Peter the Hermit 

1095. March. At the council of Plaisanoe in Lombardy Alexis Com- 
nenius the Greek emperor besought the assistance of the Christian princes 
of the West against the infidels. This request was answered by cries of" God 
wilts it," which became the war-cry of the crusaders. 

. Nov. The crusade ratified in the council of Clermont. 

1096. The commencement of the first crusade. The principal leaders 
were Godfrey of Bouillon, afterwards king of Jerusalem ; his two brothers ; 
Bobert II., duke of Normandy ; Bobert II., earl of Flanders ; Baymond IV., 
earl of Toulouse ; and Stephen, earl of Blois. 

1098. *'In the year of our Lord 1098, Corborant, admiral to Soudan of 
Perce [t. e. the Sultan of Persia] was fought with at Antioche, and discom- 
fited by the Christians. The night cumming on yn the chace of this bataile, 
and waxing dark, the Christianes being four miles from Antioche, God, willing 
the saufle of the Christianes, shewed a white star or molette of five pointes on 
the Christen host ; which to every mannes sighte did lighte and arrest upon 
the standard of Albry de Vere, there shyning excessively.* (Leland's Itinerary, 
vi. 37.) This is the origin of the arms of Vere, (p. 230.) and of their badge, 
which was a mullet. (See p. 36.) 

1099. Friday, July 15. Jerusalem taken by the crusaders, who shortly 
afterwards elected Godfrey of Bouillon king, and introduced the feudal 
system of Europe. The insignia soon afterwards assigned to Jerusalem will 
be found at p. 103. 

1100. Aug. 5. Henbt I. Beauderc. Arms, p. 17. 

1101. Bichard, earl of Chester. Going on the crusade, he is said to have 
changed his arms from those borne by his father (p. 125) to gules, crutiily or, 
a wolfs head erased argent 

' The degree of Lupus's relationship contains an illumination representing 

to the Conqueror is uncertain. He is earl Hugh and his eight barons sitting in 

generally called his half-brother, but parliament It has been copied in King's 

some consider that he was his half- Vale Royal, and Ormerod's Hist of 

nephew, or cousin. Cheshire. 

* A MS. in the city library at Chester 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. ix 

1102. Abbats are restrained from conferiing knighthood. 
* 1104. Acre (othei^Rfise called Ptoleinais) taken by Baldwin, king of Jeru- 
salem. 

c. 1 1 10. The Hospital of S. John of Jerusalem, Clerkenwell, founded. 
This Was the chief establishment of the order in England, and probably the 
earliest. 

1 113. The rule of the order of 8. John ratified by Pope Paschal II. 

1114. Bodolphus, archbishop of Canterbui^. Arms, p. 102. 
c. 1119. Theoider of Templars .foiunded. 

1121. The Knights of S. John received a body of statutes from their 
superior^ • : . ♦ . , . 

1128. Jan. 13. A council was held at Troyes in Champagne, concerning 
the rule ftnd habit proposed to ht giyen to the Knights Templars. 

* * * 

. 1135. Dec. 26. Stephen. Earl of Boulogne. Arms, p. 17. 

1144. Geoffrey de Mandeville the first earl of Essex died this year. The 
arms upon the shield borne by his effigy in the Temple church have been con- 
sidered as one of the earliest examples of heraldic bearings in England. (See 
EscABBUKCLE, and Addenda.) 

1146. ^he second crusade excited by S. Bernard. The principal leaders 
were Conrad III., emperor, and Louis VII. (called the young) king of 
France. From about this time may be dated the ordinary use of arms by the 
English nobility. 

1149. The date of the earliest label that has been noticed. See p. 199. 

I^ottit^ . of ipiantagrnttt 

1154. Dec. 19. Henbt II. Fitz-Empress. Duke of Normandy and 
Aquitaine, and earl of Anjou. Arms, p. 18. 

c. 1157. Kaditob ap Dynatai. was a Welsh chieftain who distinguished 
himself in the defence of his country against the English under the earl of 
Clare, from whom he recaptured the castle of Cardigan. Bbys, prince of 
South Wales, rewarded this service with lands and a coat of arms, consisting 
(it is said) of a castle, three scaling-ladders, and a bloody spear. These arms, 
or a slight variation of them, (sable, a spear-head argent, embrued proper, 
between three scaling-laddets of the second,) were borne by his descendants, 
the Lloyds, baronets, of Milfield, co. Cardigan, extinct in 1750. 

1162. S. Thomas a Becket, archbishop of Canterbury. Arms: argent, 
three birds (beckits, resembling Cornish choughs) sable. These, with the addi- 
tion of a lion of England on a chief gules, are now the insignia of the city of 
Cantebbcby. 

c. 1165. Robert Fitz-Harding, baron of Bebkeley, was descended from 
the royal blood of Denmark, and bore gules, a chevron argent Engaging in 
the holy war, he added to these arms ten crosses pattee of the second, six in 
chief, four in base, as still borne by his descendants. 



X CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1 1 72. The ooD quest of Ireland. 

1187. Th3 earliest representatioii of arms upon a seal in England accord- 
ing to Dallaway. 

. Oct. 2. Jerusalem retaken by the Saracens, under Saladin. 

1 188. Preparations for a third crusade. The kings of England and France 
assumed the cross at a council held in January, between Gisors and Trie. 
See p. 40. 

1189. Sept. 3. Richard I. CcBur de Lion. Earl of Poictou. This 
king's first great seal is the earliest in the series with arms upon it See 
p. 18. 

The manner of his coronation is related in the Annales of Roger de 
Hoveden. 

. The third crusade. The chief leaders were the emperor Frederidi 

Barbarossa, (who died in Cilicia the next year,) Philip IL (sumamed 
Augustus,) king of France, and Richard, king of England. 

1 190. June. King Richard received the palmer's scrip at Tours. 

1191. July 12. Acre or Ptolemais taken by the kings of England and 
France. Leopold, duke of Austria, having taken one of the towers, placed his 
own banner upon it in token of conquest. This being regarded by king 
Richard as an insult to himself as supreme commander, he ordered it to be 
thrown into the ditch. To this period may be referred with great probability, 
the name and arms of the family of Dacre. See p. 127. 

. Sep. 16. The taking of Ascalon. From this siege are traditionally 

derived the crests of Darrell and Gomay, (afterwards used by the Newtons of 
Barr^s Court, Glouc.,) and the arms of Minshuix, of Cheshire: — azure, 
an estoile issuant out of a crescent argent ; together with their ancient crest, 
viz. two lion's paws holding a crescent «. 

1192. King Richard returning to England by the way of Germany, is 
seized by his rival the duke of Austria, and imprisoned for more than a year. 

Many bearings common in English heraldry were evidently introduced by 
the crusaders; as crosses of various forms, crescents. Moors' and Saracens' 
heads, bezants, martlets, and escallops. Wreaths seem to have been copied 
from the turbans of the Saracens. Some heraldic terms too, are of eastern 
origin, e. g. azure, gules, sinople. llie crosses in the arms of Ghetwode, 
Knowles, Tynte, Vesci, Villiers, and numerous other families, are traditionally 
attributed to the age of the crusades. It has been supposed that surcoats were 
first used to screen armour from the heat of an Asiatic sun. 

1195. The second great seal of King Richard has three lions upon it. 
See p. 18. 

1 199. May 27. John. Sans terre. Earl of Mortaigne and Lord of Ireland. 
The years of his reign are reckoned from Holy Thursday in one year of our 
Lord, to its eve in the next. Arms, pp. 52, (note,) and 18. 

* All the aboye-mentioned crests are other erest was granted to the AUnshuUs 
doubtless of much later date than the so lately as 1642, in remembrance of the 
events which they commemorate. An- same event. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. xi 

1202. The fourth crusade sets out from Venice. 

1208. The commeucement of the crusade against the Alhigenses under 
Simon Montfort, the exiled earl of Leicester, who was slain at Toulouse in 
1217. 

0. 1210. Saer de Quincy, earl of Winton. Arms, p. 199. 

c. 1214. The family of Wiijjajis of Talyllyn, Wales, is said to have 
received from King John the following coat, as a reward for faithfulness 
to his cause, in his contests with the harons : — ^Argent, a stag trippant proper, 
attired and unguled or, between his horns a royal crown of the second ^ 
(The family of Wiujams, hart, of Eltham, was descended from this ancient 
house, and bore the same arms, sometimes alone, sometimes quartered with 
gules, three towers argent.) 

1216. Oct 28. Henbt III. Crowned at Gloucester. Arms, p. 18. 

1217. The fifth crusade, under Andrew II., king of Hungary. 

1219. Boger de Quincy, earl of Winton, second son and successor to Saer 
de Quincy (see 1210 supra), adopted a coat totally different from his father s, 
riz. that represented at p. 219. See a paper on the seals of the eails of 
Winchester, by Mr. J. G. Nichols, in the Proc. of the Arch. Inst, for 
1845. 

1220. Jo. DB FoNTiBUS, bp. of Ely. He bore a very singular coat of 
arms, viz. azure, the sun, moon, and seven stars or, the two first in chief, the 
last in base ; or, according to Nisbet, the sun in chief, the moon in base, the 
atars in orle. 

About this time Edneyebt Vtchan, a Welsh general, in an engagement 
against Banulph, earl of Chester, slew three of the English commanders, in 
reward for which he received from his prince a new coat of arms, viz. gules, 
a chevron ermine, between three Saxons' heads couped proper, which arms 
were borne by his descendants, the family of Williams, hart of Penrhyn. 

1224, or 25. '' Bichard [earl of Cornwall,] second son of King John, in the 
ninth year of King Henry III. his brother, being crowned king of the Romans, 
writ himself Semper Augustus, and had his arms carved upon the breast of the 
Boman eagle" (Sylvanus Morgan.) He died 1272. He bore the insignia of 
his earldom of Poictou, with a bordure of Cornwall. See p. 55. 

1226. Died Will. Longespee, earl of Sarum. He was buried in the new 
cathedral church there, where his tomb yet remains. The shield is charged 
with arms. See p. 205, and Stothard's Mon. Effigies. 

1228. The sixth crusade, under the emperor Frederick II., who in 1229 
took Jerusalem, but was not able to retain it. 

1234. S. Edmund (le Bichb) of Abingdon, abp. of Canterbury. He bore 
or, a cross patonce, gules, between four birds sable, now the insignia of 
S. Edmund's Hall, Oxford. 

1235. The Emperor Frederick II. sent King Henry three leopards in token 
of his armorial bearings. 

c. 1240, or 45. This is supposed to be the date of one of the earliest 
heraldic rolls in existence, viz. that numbered Ixiv. in the College of Arms. 

' The field is sometimes azure, and the stag argent. 



xn CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1245. The red bat appointed as the distinction of a cardinal, by Innocent 
IV., at the council of Lyons. 

1248. The seventh crnsade, under S. Louis, Idng of France. 

Between 1254 and 1261 pope Alexander IV. prohibited all but pilgrims 
who were truly noble from assuming escallop shells as armorial insignia. 
(Nisbet.) 

1259. Henry de Wingham, bp. of London. Arms, p. 161. 

1270. The eighth and last crusade, led on by Louis IX. (afterwards canon- 
ized) king of France, and prince Edward, afterwards king of England. 
Louis departed this life at Tunis, Aug. 25. 

Of about this date are the arms of several contributors to the erection of 
the abbey church of Westminster, depicted upon the internal walls of the 
aisles of the flave. There vrere originally forty, but several have been destroyed 
or concealed by the erection of monuments. 

About this time arms appear to have become generally hereditary. They 
also began to be commonly assumed by ecclesiastics. (See the arms of 
Walter de Merton, bishop of Rochester, p. 78.) Most of the arms attributed 
to bishops before this period are probably supposititious^ 

1272. Nov. 20. Edwabd I. (otherwise IV.) Longshank. His reign is com* 
puted from the day of his proclamation. Arms, pp. 109. 19. Caparison, p. 72. 

1274. Aug. 19. The king is crowned at Westminster. 

1275. S: Thomas [Cantelupe] of Hereford. Arms, p. 172. 

1283. The conquest of Wales. 

1284. Aprit. The title of Prince of Wales is conferred upon the king's 
son and heir apparent, Edward of Carnarvon. 

1290. Nov. 29. Queen Eleanour departed this life. The insignia of 
Castile and Leon, (p. 15,) upon her tomb at Westminster, and upon the 
crosses erected to her memory, are the earliest quartered arms known to exist 
in England. 

1291. May 18. The Holy Land utterly lost. Acre, the last town pos- 
sessed by the Christians, was this day taken by the infidels. Termination of 
the crusades. 

1293. This is the date of one of the earliest mottoes that has been noticed. 
See p. 227, note. 

1295. Edmund Crouchback, titular king of Sicily and Apulia, and earl of 
Lancaster, died this year. Arms, pp. 199, 205. Caparison, p. 72. A seal of his 
exhibits one of the earliest examples of a crest 

. The banner of S. John of Beverley was at this period borne in the 

English army by one of the vicars of Beverley College. 

1800. Febr. The siege of the castle of Carlaverock, or Karlaveroke, in 
Dumfriesshire. The banners of the knights who followed the king in this 
expedition are emblazoned in a Norman-French poem, written, as it is 
believed, by Walter of Exeter, a Franciscan friar. It has been published and 
translated by Sir N. H. Nicolas. (Lond. 1628. 4to.) 

The banner of S. Cuthbert was borne in the English army at this period, 
by a monk of Durham. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. ^m 

1304. Edward^ Prince of. Wales, is created Earl of .Chester, a title which 
has been bestowed upon the princes of Wales ever since. 

1306. At the battle of MethUen, Sir Chri8tot>her Sbton (ancestor of the 
earls of Wintoun) rescued Ring Bobert Bruce from the English. For. this 
sernce the Icing, gare him the lady Christian his sister in marriage, and aj(i 
augmentation of his paternal arms (or, 3 crescents gules) viz. gules, a sword 
in pale proper, hilt and pomel gold, supporting a royal crown ; all within a 
tressure of the last. This has usually been borne by his. descendants upon an 
escutcheon surtout, impaled with azure, a star of twelve points argent, this 
latter for the title of Winxoun. 

1307. July 8. Edwabd II. (otherwise V.) of Camarron. Prince of 
Wales. His reign is computed from his recognition at Carlisle. Arms, 
p. 19. 

1308. Jan. 10. The Templars are arrested throughout England. 
. Feb. 24. The king's coronation is solemnized at Westminster. 

1309. A council held at London against the Templars. (Wilkins. Cone.) , 

1310. Councils are held at Bavenna, Paris, Salamanca, and Senlis, to 
enquire into the accusations brought against the Templars. 

1311. An ermine spot of this date will be found at p. 126. 
1312^ The Templars condemned by the eounoil of Vienne: 

1313. Walter Betnolds, abp. of Canterbury. According to a MS. at 
Lambeth (executed for Abp. Laud) he bore, azure, on a cross or, between the 
symbols of the evangelists of the last, four lions rampant gules. 

1322. The date of the earliest example of quartering in England, with Ihe 
solitary exception of the anns of Castile and Leon, which were borne by Queen 
Eleanour. See Mabshallihg (Addenda.) 

1323. The first instance (in England) on record of the degradation of a 
knight, in the case of Sir Andrew Herklay, earl of Carlisle. 

— . In consequence of the decision of the council of Vienne, the English 
possessions of the Knights Templars were transferred to the order of S. John by 
act of parliament. 

. See the crest of Hamilton, p. 276. 

A roll of arms of the reign of King Edward II. has been published by Sir 
N. H. Nicolas. \ 

1327. Jan. 25. Edwabd III. of Windsor. Duke of Aquitaine. Arms, 
p. 19. . . 

, Not having as yet received knighthood, he was solemnly invested with 

the sword by the earl of Lancaster, and on Feb. 1. crowned at Westminster. - 

1331. The augmentation of the arms of Douglas is a memorial oT Sir 
James Douglas, who was this year slain by the infidels in his return from this 
Holy Land, whither he had conveyed the heart of King Robert the Biruce. 
See p. 161. [ 

1337. March 1 7. Edward, commonly called the Black Prince, was created 
duke of Cornwall in full parliament, since which the eldest son of the king has 
always been duke of Cornwall without any further creation. This was the firs^ 
dukedom ever created in England. ^ 



XIY 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 



1337. Oct. 7. In several documents of this date Edward styles himself 
King of France. 

1338. Henry Darcy, lord mayor of London. Arms, p. 202. 

1 340. Jan. 25. The commencement of King Edward's reigpn over France, 
and the probable date of his first assumption of arms of that kingdom'. 

1343. Dimidated arms still in use. See p. 213. 

1 344. Some place the institution of the order of the Garter in this year. 
1346. Aug. 26. The battle of Crescy, — at which no less than 1200 French 

knights were slain. Sir Richard de la Bere, knight banneret, having rescued 
Edward the Black Prince from extreme danger, was rewarded by the Prince 
with the following crest, which is still borne by his family : — a plume of five 
ostrich feathers, per pale, argent and azure, issuing from a ducal coronet 
proper. See also p. 132. 

. Nicholas lord Bumell and Sir Robert de Morley, both appeared at 

the siege of Calais arrayed in the same arms, which led to a suit in the court 
of chivalry held upon the sands there. See Arch. Joum., ii. 330. and 396. 

1349. Sir Aymery (or Emeric) de Pavia, govemor of Calais. See p. 3. 

. This is probably the true date of the institution of the order of the 

Garter. 

1356. Sep. 19. The battle of Poictiers. After the conflict Edward the 
Black Prince sent for James, lord Audlbt, and gave him 500 marks per 
annum out of his inheritance in England. Lord Audley, calling to mind the 
services rendered to him by his four esquires, immediately divided the gift 
amongst them, and at the same time gave to each a coat of arms derived from 
his own, which was gules fretty or**. The arms which he gave to the four 
esquires were as follows : — 

Delves : argent, a chevron gules, fretty or, between three delves sable. — 
Maokworth : per pale indented ermine and sable i, a chevron gules, fretty or. 
— Hawkestone : ermine, a fess gules, fretty or, between three hawks. (The 
hawks were in later times omitted.) — Foulshurst: gules, fretty or, a chief 
ermine. Lower's Cur. of Her., p. 33 *. 

The badges of Pelham (p. 52>), and De la Warr (p. 92^, are memorials 
of the same victory. 

1357. Feb. 26. William lord Graystock granted, by letters patent, arms 



t It is said by some writers that King 
Edward at first placed England before 
France, but that he soon afterwards re- 
versed the order, probably because 
France was the more ancient monarchy. 

^ Froissart 

^ Sable and ermine ? 

^ The chevron seems to have been an 
addition to the coat already borne by 
Delves, as does the fess to that of Hawke- 
stone. One authority states that the arms 
of Mackworth were granted Aug. 1, 1404, 



by John Touchet, lord Audley, grandson 
of the lord Audley mentioned above, to 
John and James Mackworth, in considera- 
tion of services done by them and their 
ancestors to the family of Audley. As 
the arms of Touchet are ermine, a chev- 
ron gules, and as ermine occurs in three 
out of the four coats above blazoned, is it 
not probable that they were all granted in 
14047 

^ See also the Addenda to these 
articles. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. xv 

to Adam de Blencowe, wbo bad fought under him at Crescy and Poictiers. 
The g^nt is printed in Hutchinson's Cumberland, (i. 314,) and Lower's Cur. 
of Her., (p. 35.) 

1360. May 8. By the treaty of Bretigny, King Edward renounced all 
claim to the crown of France, but nevertheless continued to use the arms 
of that kingdom. 

c. . The arms of the six sons of Thomas Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, 

are distinguished by certain brisures or marks of cadency. See p. 69, note. 

1 366. Edward the Black Prince confers the rank of knight banneret on 
Sir John Chandos. The ceremony is described by Froissart 

1369. June. King Edward now resumed the title of King of France. 

1375. John Hastings, earl of Pembroke, who died this year, has hitherto 
been considered as the first subject known to have borne quartered arms. 
An earlier instance has however been lately pointed out See A.D. 1322, 
supra. 

Supporters were probably first used about this time. 

1376. Edward, prince of Wales, called the Black Prince, departed this life 
at Canterbury. See pp. 86, 132. The arms of his natural son, Sir Roger de 
Clarendon, will be found at p. 129. 

In the reigpD of Edward III. surnames had become all but universal. Until 
about the close of this reign, and perhaps for some time subsequently, it 
appears to have been usual for persons of rank to assume arms upon their own 
authority. A roll of arms of this reign has been published by Sir N. H. 
Nicolas. 

1377. June 22. Richabd II. of Bordeaux. Prince of Wales. He began 
to reign the day after the decease of his grandfather. Arms, p. 19. 

. July 16. His coronation. 

1380. King Richard and King Charles VI. of France, institute an order 
of knighthood called the Passion of Jesus Chbist. See p. 191. 

1381. William Courtney, archbishop of Canterbury. Arms, p. 225. 
. Sir John Philpot, who slew Wat Tyler after he had been struck 

down by Sir William Walworth, received instead of, or in addition to his 
paternal coat, (sable, a bend ermine,) another ; viz. gules, a cross between four 
swords erect argent, hilts and pomels or. The similarity of this augmentation 
to the well known insignia of the city, might be adduced in favour of the 
popular tradition that the sword or dagger in the latter was added upon the 
same occasion, but there is greater reason to believe that as the cross is that of 
the patron saint of England, so the sword is the emblem of S. Paul, the 
gruardian of the city. The arms granted to Sir John Philpot, are borne 
(alone) by Dr. Phillpottb, the present lord bishop of Exeter. 

. John Northampton, lord mayor of London. Arms, p. 204. 

1384. This is the date of the earliest wreath that has been noticed. 

1385 — ^90. The controversy between Richard, lord Scrope, and Sir Robert 
Grosvenor about the right to the arms, azure, a bend or. Before this there 
had been a dispute about the same coat between lord Scrope and the Cornish 
fiumily of Carminow. Lord Scbope pleaded that his ancestors had borne the 

c 



xvi CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

aforesaid arms from the Conquest: C4Uiniow asserted that his femilybad 
used them ever since the time of king Arthur ! Trial hj single combat having 
been resorted to without a satisfactory issue, it was decreed that both families 
should continue to use the arraa as hitherto. In 1385, lord Scrope com- 
menced a process against Sir Bobert Grosvenor, a knight of the county of 
Chester, before the High Constable and the Earl Marshal, for bearing the 
same arms. The constable pronounced sentence in fiiTour of the claim of 
Scrope, and assigned the same arms with a border argent, to GrosFenor, who, 
refusing to bear them in this manner, appealed to the king. The king, on 
May 27, 1390, decided that the arms belonged to Scrope, and that Grosrenor 
had no right to them at all. The proceedings were printed in 1832 (2 nth 4\) 
from the records preserved in the Tower of London. 

1366. The first marquess. ** Creata est in hoc parliamento nova dignitas, 
Anglicis insueta, nempe comes Ozonie, Robertus de Veer, appe&atur et &ctus 
est marchio DublinisB in Hibemia." (Tho. Walsingham.) Augmentation, 
p. 170, note. 

1387. Oct 10. The first baron by patent See p. 45. 

1391 or 92, (15o. Ric. II.) Thomas Grendall, of Fenton, made over to Sir 
William Moigne, his heirs and assigns, the arms which bad escheated to him 
at the death of his cousin, John Beaumys, of Sawtrey. Montague, Study of 
Her., App. A. 

1395. The singular crest of Dudley, of Northamptonshire, bart, represents 

Agnes, daughter and heiress of Hotot, who was married to an ancestor 

of the Dudleys in this year. The story of its assumption may be seen in Mr. 
Lowers Cur. of Her., p. 172. 

1396. Feb. 5. The insignia of the office of earl marshal appointed. 
1399. Sept 29. Richard resigns the crown. 

During the reign of Richard II. impaling and quartering became usual, and 
also crests. Supporters occur but seldom. Badges were occasionally used by 
subjects. 

A roll of arms temp. Ric. II. has been published by Mr. Willement 

LANCASTERIAN LINE. (VlantagntetO 

1399. Sept 30. Hxnrt IY. of Bolingbroke. Duke of Lancaster. Arms, 
p. 20. 

. Oct. 13. His coronation. Forty-six » knights of the Bath were 

created the day before. 

c. 1400. The Stuart augmentation. See p. 111. 

1404. Aug. 1. See note to A D. 1356, supra. 

1408. A witness in a certain case this year alleged that although of a 
noble family, he bore no arms. See p. 287, n. 

1413. Mar. 21. Henrt V. of Monmouth. Prince of Wales. He began 
to reign on the day after the decease of his ikther. Arms, p. 20. 

— . April 9. His coronation. 

" Some say fbrty-one, others only twelve. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. xvii 

1414. Henry Chkjhble, abp. of Canterbury. Arms, p. 237. (Or, a cheTron 
between three cinquefoils gules.) 

. May 6. King Henry gave the earldom of Richmond to his brother 

John, duke of Bedford, with the feudal arms thereunto belonging. See 
p. 13. 

1415. Oct 25. The yictory of Agincourt Sir Richard Waller, who 
then bore for a crest a walnut-tree proper, captured the duke of Orleans, in 
memory of which achieirement he suspended a shield to the tree, charged with 
the anna of his royal prisoner, viz. France, with a label of three points 
argent 

The same day the king is alleged to hare instituted **the order of the 
Esses,*' but see pp. 182, and 271, n. 

141 7. The office of Garter King of Arms instituted. 

. June 2. The king issued a writ addressed to the sheriffs of several 
counties, forbidding all manner of persons thenceforth to beai any arms not 
derived from their ancestors, without license from himself or the officers of 
arms, excepting such as had borne arms at Agincourt. Sir N. H. Nicolas's 
Hist of the battle of Agincourt, p. 169. 

1420. Jan. ^ The first regular chapter held by them [the heralds] in a 
collective capacity was at the siege of Rouen, in 1420." Dallaway, 

• April 9. Henry V. relinquished the title of King of France during 

the life-time of his father-in-law, Charles VI., and styled himself *' Henricus 
Dei gratia rex Angli®, h»res et regens Franciss, et dominus Hibernise," 
(Nicolas.) This arrangement was ratified by the treaty of Tioyes, which was 
signed on the 21st of May. 

1422. Sept I. Henbt VI. of Windsor. Prince of Wales. He suc- 
ceeded the day following the demise of his father. Arms, p. 21. 

1424% This year deceased Edmund Mortimer, earl of March. Arms, 
p. 93. 

1420. John Coventry, lord mayor of London. Arms, p. 83. 

1429. Egle vert, pursuivant to the earl of Salisbury. See p. 257. 

. Nov. 0. Crowned at Westminster. 

1431 Crowned at Paris. 

1435, 39, 42. Armorial ensigns were granted to the Ironmongers, Drapers, 
and Vintners, of London. These are the earliest instances of such a practice 
that have been noticed. The crests and supporters have been granted since. 

1440. Feb. 10. The title of viscount first given by patent as an honorary 
distinction. 

In the reign of Henry VL lived Dr. Nicholas Upton, an ecclesiastic, the 
first strictly heraldic writer of England. His treatise, '* De officio militari," 
consists of Aye books, viz. I. Of officers of arms. II. Of veterans, now called 
heralds. III. Of duels. IV. Of colours. V. Of figures. This treatise was 
printed in 1654. 

1442. Sir Simon de Felbrigge. Crest, ^c, p. 93, n. 

. April 6. Sir John Lisle created his servant Tho. de Launey a 

pursuivant by the name of Espoir, 



xviii CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1443. Tho. de Beckingtou, bp. of Bath and Wells. Afps, p. 325. 
Rebus, p. 264. 

1447. William (Patten) of Waynflete, bp. of Winton. Arms, p. 203. 

1449. See the label of Jo. de Foix, earl of Kendal, p. 199. 

1450 — 85. The wars of the Roses. The frequency of roses in English 
heraldry, especially red ones, is to be primarily attributed to the long and 
deadly contest between the rival houses of York and Lancaster. It would 
however be wrong to consider that all or even the majority of existing coats 
containing roses are of so early a date, as roses, having continued to be badges 
of the royal house ever since, have frequently been granted, both as principal 
charges and augmentations. *' The ancient family of Lower of Cornwall 

originally bore a chevron between three red roses*, but espousing, it is 

supposed, the Yorkist, or white-rose side of the question, they changed the 
tincture of their arms to sable, a chevron between three white roses, the coat 
borne by their descendants to this day. The interest taken by the Cornish 
gentry in these civil dissentions may account for the frequency of the rose in 
the arms of Cornwall families.** (Cur. of Her., p. 43.) Mr. Lower proceeds to 
quote the example of Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, commonly called the 
king-maker, (slain 1471,) who placed in the centre of his paternal arms arose 
of Lancaster, as still borne by the earl of Abergavenny. 

1452. John Kemp, abp. of Canterbury. Arms, p. 107. 

1460. Feb. 2. The battle of Mortimer's Cross. See p. 36. 

. Of about this date is the mark of John Hall, engraved at p. 222. 

LINE OF YORK. (iPIantagfiictO 

1461. Mar. 4. Edwabd IV. Earl of March. Arms, p. 21. 
— . June 28, or 29. He is crowned at Westminster. 

1463, 64. Insignia, with cresti^ were granted to the Tallow-chandlers and 
Glovers of London . 

1464. May 4. The abacot or cap of estate *' garnished with two rich 
crowns," of King Henry VI. was presented to King Edward at York. Some 
say that he was crowned with it. 

. Sir Ralph Grey was degraded from his knighthood at Doncaster, by 

chopping off his gilt spurs, rending his coat of arms, and breaking his sword 
over his head. He was then beheaded. 

1466. An order of the Garter instituted in Ireland. See p. 185. 

1468. John Oxney, prior of Ch. Ch. Canterbury. Rebus, p. 265. 

1470. Oct 9. Henry VI. reassumes the regal title. 

1471. Apr. 14. The battle of Bamet, by which Henry is driven from the 
throne. See p. 36. 

— . The parliament of Scotland ordered that the double-tressure in the 
arms of that kingdom should be disused. See p. 277. 

■ There are a few other instances of accession of the house of Lancaster, e. g. 
red roses in arms of earlier date than the Wykeham, p. 78. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. xix 

1477. George Nenlle, duke of Bedford, was degraded by act of parliament, 
for poverty. 

1479. The Crown of Love. See p. 182. 

. Arms granted to the Company of Pewterers. See p. 204. 

1480. Tho. Compton, abbat of Cirencester. Rebus, p. 264. 

Edn'ard IV. issued a commission to enquire what were the arms of Ireland, 
perhaps with a view to quartering them. (See pp. 170. 337.) He is the 
first of our monarchs who is known to have surrounded his arms with the 
garter. It was not commonly used for more than thirty years afterwards. 

1483. Apr. 9. Edward V. Prince of Wales. Arms, p. 22. 
— . June 26, Richard III. Duke of Gloucester. Arms, p. 22. 
— . July 6, or 7. Crowned at Westminster. 

. Sept 8. King Richard crowned a second time in the chapter-house 

at York. On this occasion the keeper of the wardrobe was directed to furnish, 
amongst other things, banners of the Holy Trinity, our Lady, S. George, 
S. Edward, S. Cuthbert, and the king's arms ; four standards of sarcenet with 
boars; and no less than 30,000 'quinysans' [cognisances] of fustian with 
boars. Noble, Hist of C. A., p. 51. 

1484. Mar. 2. The officers of arms received a charter of incorporation. 
See Noble, App. A. 

f^Ott)(e of Vttdor. 

1485. Aug. 22. Henry VII. Earl of Richmond. 
. Oct 30. He is crowned. 

1486. The Boke of Saynt Albans was printed within the precincts of the 
abbey there. The greater part of it relates to ' Cotarmures.' The entire 
work is commonly attributed to dame Julyan Barnes or Bemers, prioress of 
Sopewell, and sister to Richard, lord Bemers, but Dallaway supposes the 
heraldic portion (which he has reprinted) to be the work of some monk of 
8. Albans. 

1494. The Irish order of the Garter abolished. 

, 95. (10* Hen. VII.) An act was passed forbidding such war-cries 

as tended to promote discord among the nobility, who were enjoined thence- 
forth to call only upon S. George and the king. 

1501. Henry Dearie, abp. of Canterbury. He bore argent, on a chevron 
gules, between three birds sable, as many crosiers, erect, or. 

1504. Sir Tho. Docwra. Arms, p. 190. 

1506. Philip, king of Castile and Leon, elected K. G. and installed at 
Windsor with great magnificence. See Noble, p. 79. 

1509. Apr. 22. Hehrt VIII. His reign is reckoned from the day after 
the demise of Henry VII. Arms, p. 23. Caparison, p. 72. 

. June 24. The coronation. 

1511. Henry Guldeford, and Wolstan Brown, esquires, were honoured by 
Ferdinand and Isabella with knighthood and augmentations to their paternal 
arms for offering their services towards the conquest of Granada. The former 
received a canton charged with the pomegranate ; the latter a chief of the 



' 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

anns of Sieily*. About the same time another English adveniorer, John 
Callard, esquire, receiTed a new coat, which is carious on account of its en- 
tirely Spanish character. It was gyronay of six, or and table, on each of the 
first, a Moor^s head couped proper. 

1512. William Comptok, of Compton Wodyales, alias Compton in the hole, 
CO. Warw.i esq., (afterwards knighted,) who had hitherto borne sable, three 
esquires' helmets argent, received from the king the augmentation of a lion o£ 
England, to be borne between the hebnets, (see p. 58,) and also a new ciesly 
viz. upon a wreath argent and vert, a demi-dragon erased guiles », gorged about 
the loins with a ducal coronet proper. The warrant under sign manual is 
dated Not. 7, and Oarter's patent Dec. U, 4*. Hen. VIIl. This William 
Compton was the great grand£ither of the first earl of Northampton. 

1513. The emperor Maximilian enlisted into the army of king Heniy, 
wore the cross of S. George, and received pay, one hundred crowns per diem. 

. Aug. 6. The battle of the Spurs. Sir John Gierke took the duke of 

Longueville prisoner, and assumed his arms. See p. 14. 

— . The banner of 8. Cuthbert was still borne in the wars with Scotland. 

— . Sept. 9. Flodden-field. Here the Howards won their celebrated 
augmentation. See p. 30. 

. The title of * Most Christian Majesty' was conferred upon the king 

by Pope Julius II. 

1514 — 30. Tho. Wolsey, abp. of York, and cardinal. His arms, (p. 59,) 
are an admirable specimen of the complex and debased heraldry of the day. 

1515. A roll of the arms of the lords spiritual and temporal assembled in 
parliament this year, has been printed by Mr. Willement, but not published. 

1517. Thomas Goldstone, prior of Ch. Ch. Canterbury. Bebus, p. 264. 

1520. June. King Henry meets Francis I. of France at the field of Cloth 
of Gold. 

1621. Edw. Stafford, duke of Buckingham. Arms, p. 184. 

■ Pope Leo X. confers upon the king the title of " Defender of the 

Faith," which had nevertheless been used by English sovereigns long pre- 
viously, as, for example, by Richard II. in his charter to the University of 
Oxford. The king received Pope Leo's bull Feb. 2, 1522. 

1522. Sir John Peecbe. Bebus, p. 265. 

1525. Thomas Pownder, merchant Mark, p. 222. 

, June 18. Thomas Manners, baron Boos of Hamlake, was created 

earl of Butland, and (at the same time, it is believed) honoured with an aug^ 
mentation of arms, in consideration of his descent from a sister of King 
Edward IV. His paternal arms were or, two bars azure, a chief gules, which 
chief was changed to quarterly azure and g^es ; in the first and fourth, two 
fleurs-de-lys or ; in the second and third, a lion of England. 

' On the same day Henry Courtenay, earl of Devon, descended from 

* According to some accouDts Sir ' It will be remembered that a red 

Henry Ouldeford was the only one dragon was at this time a favourite royal 

knighted. His companion is sometunet badge, and that the colours of the wreath 

called William Browne, esq. are those of the then royal livery. 



X 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. xxi 

Katherine, daughter of Edward IV., was ereated marquess of Exeter. He 
bore a Tery singular augmentation, which was probably granted to him upon 
this occasion. His arms were, quarterly — L The augmentation, viz. per cross 
azure and gules, a bordure counterchanged, each piece of the first charged 
with three fieurs-de-lys or, and each of the latter with as many lions of Eng- 
land. II. and III. Or, three torteaux; Coubtenat. IV. Or, a lion rampant 
azure; Pebot. 

1528. This is the date of the earliest commission under the great seal, 
commanding the provincial kings of arms to visit their provinces. 

1530. Insignia granted to the Salters. See p. 273. 

1536. The arms of Thomas lord ObouwbIiL, afterwards earl of Essex, afford 
an excellent specimen of the complicated heraldry of the times. They were 
azure, on a fess between three lions rampant or, a rose gules, between two 
Cornish choughs proper. 

. An augmentation granted to the family of Seymour. See p. 30. 

1537. Feb. 21 . Arms of Parker, p. 245. 

1538. Sept Thomas Cromwell, Lord Privy seal, enjoined all curates 
throughout the realm to keep registers of baptisms, marriages, and burials. 

1540. The English branch of the order of S. John of Jerusalem dissolved 
by act of parliament, and its possessions assigned to the crown. 

. About this time the order of ihe Thistle was revived by James V. 

king of Scotland. 

1541. Henry is declared king of Ireland, by an act of the parliament of that 
country, (Irish Statutes, 33 Hen. Till. c. 1,) which was con finned by an act 
of the parliament of England, (Stat of the Realm, 35 Hen. VIII. c. 3.) 

1544. July. The siege of Boulogne. Sir Philip Chute, standard-bearer 
to the king, (ancestor of the baronets of that name,) recdved an augmentation 
of arms for his services on this occasion, viz. a canton per fess vert and argent, 
(the livery colours of the house of Tudor,) charged with a lion of England. 
His paternal arms were, gules, seme of mullets or, three swords barwise proper, 
the hilts of those in chief and base to the dexter, the other to the sinister. 

1547. Jan. 19. Henry Howard, earl of Surrey, beheaded for high- 
treason. One of the charges against him was that he had quartered the arms 
of S. Edward the Confessor, which were given to one of his ancestors by 
Bichard II. See p. 30. 

During the reign of Henry VIII. much complicated heraldry was intro^ 
duced. The Cornish chough, hitherto peculiar to Cornish families, was now 
granted indifferently to any, (e. g. Wolsey and Cromwell.) Supporters were 
now generally used by peers and knights of the Garter. 

. Jan. 28. Edwabd YI. Prince of Wales. Arms, p. 24. Badge, 

p. 133. 

. Feb. 20. His coronation. 

. Sept. 10. Three bannerets made at the battle of Musselborough. 

(See p. 178.) No others occur until 1642. 

1549. June 4. llie king granted another charter to the heralds. Noble, 
Appendix B. 



xxii CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1553. Feb. 2. Ulster king of arms appointed for the kingdom of Ire- 
land. 

. July 6. M4BT. Arms, p. 24. 

. July 10. The lady Jane Grey is proclaimed queen. Her reign 

appears to have been computed from the death of king Edward. 

. July 19. The lady Jane Grey relinquishes her claim to the crown. 

. Aug. 9, 10. King Edward's funeral. An interesting account of the 

ceremonies is printed in the 12ih yoI. of the Archieologia. 

. Oct 1. Queen Mary is crowned by the bp. of Winchester. Forty- 
six knights of the Bath were created on this occasion. 

1554. July 25. Queen Mary married king Philip II. of Spain ^, who 
thereupon assumed the title of King of England, France, and Ireland. Arms, 
p. 24. 

1555. July 18. The queen grants Derby House to the college of heralds. 
Noble, Appendix C. 

1557. The queen restores the hospital of S. John of Jerusalem by charter. 

1558. Nov. 17. Elizabbth. Arms, p. 25. 

. At Queen Mary's funeral, Lancaster bore the banner of 

S. Mary Magdalene, York that of S. George, Windsor that of the Holy Trinity. 
Noble, p. 151. 

1559. Jan. 25. Elizabeth was crowned by the bp. of Carlisle. 

1560. Supporters were granted to the Ironmongers. This is the Urst 
instance that has been noticed of the use of supporters by a corporate body. 

1561. Will. Harvey, Clarenceux, gave a crest and supporters to the com- 
pany of Skinners. 

1562. By a statute made in this year (5o. Eliz. c. 15.) a penalty is imposed 
upon *' all fond phantastical prophecies upon or by the occasion of any arms, 
fields, beasts, badges, or like things accustomed in arms, cognisances, or 
signets.'' 

■ This year was published the first edition of Gerard Legh's * Acce- 

dens of Armorie,' long the most popular work on that science, but Guillim's 
' Display' at length superseded it 

1566. An act passed to confirm the privileges of the corporation of 
heralds. 

1572. The date of the first appearance of the ' Workes of Armorie' of 
'John Bossewell, gentleman.' 

1575. The visitation of Durham, made this year, has been printed under 
the editorial care of N. G. Philipson, esq., F.S.A. 

1576. Bouge Croix pursuivant was severely censured for presuming to 
wear his tabard after the manner of a herald. See p. 257. 

1586. Sir John Feme, knt, published his ' Blazon of Gen trie,' in two 
parts, (I.) 'The Glorie of Generositie,' treating chiefly of the art of blazon, 

* Philip was not king of Spain till the marriage he bore the title of King of 
abdication of the Emperor Charles Y. in Naples and Jerusalem, 
the following year. At the time of hit 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. xxiii 

(2.) * Lacie 8 Nobilitie,' refuting the claim of relationship set up by Albert 4 
liBACO, count palatine of Syradia, to the noble English family of Lacy. 

1595. Dec. 4. Sir Thomas Arundel, afterwards lord Arundel of Wardour, 
was made a count of the Homan empire by itodolph II. for his services against 
the Turks. About the same time the fiimily of Bowles, of Wilts, received a coat 
of arms (azure, a crescent argent, in chief the sun or) for services of a similai^ 
kind. The £unily of Smith, of Lincolnshire, too, received an augmentation. 

1597. Dec. 3L The earl of Essex issued a warrant directed to Rob. Tres- 
well, Somerset, to apprehend one W. Dawkyns, " a notable dealer in armes 
and maker of fidse pedigrees," for which offence he had about twenty years 
previously lost one of his ears, and about one year before had been imprisoned. 
The warrant contains the names of nearly one hundred families, (chiefly of 
Essex, Herts, and Cambridgeshire,) for whom he had compiled spurious pedi- 
grees'. Noble, p. 162. 

The arms granted during the reign of Elizabeth are exceedingly numerous: 
Rob. Cooke, Clarenceux, granted &ye hundred, and the two Dethicks more. 
Many of these arms are striking examples of the progress of heraldic debase- 
ment Chapeaux and crowns of various forms were often indiscriminately 
granted instead of wreaths to support crests. The fur called erminois seems to 
have been an invention of this period. See p. 127. 

1600. Aug. 5. The conspiracy of William Ruthven, earl of Gourie and 
others, against king James of Scotland. John Ramsay, afterwards earl of 
Holdemess, Tho. Erskine, earl of Kelly, and Sir Hugh Hanis, knt, received 
augmentations of arms for their services in connection with this plot. 

^C ^ouu of <ibt1Ultt. 

1603. Mar. 24. James I. (James VI. king of Scotland.) Arms, p. 25. 
. July 25. He is crowned, 

1604. Aug. 20. Robert Cecil, who was this day created Viscount Cran- 
boome, was the first nobleman of his rank who was permitted to wear a 
eonmet 

1606. Apr. 12. A royal proclamation issued for uniting the flags of 
S. George and S. Andrew. See p. 315. 

161 1. May 22. The order of baronets of Great Britain instituted. 

1612. The baronets' badge granted. 

1616. Dec. Sir WiQ. Segar, knt. Garter, being imposed upon by the 
notorious Brooke or Brookesmouth, York herald, inadvertently granted or con- 
firmed to one Brandon, the public executioner, the arms of Arragon, with a 
canton of Brabant York having succeeded in obtaining Garter's confirmation 
lor the fee of 22«., shewed it to the king, who was highly displeased. The case 
having been enquired into both Garter and York were sent to the Marshalsea, 
the former for his credulity, the latter for his malicious stratagem. Sir Wil- 
liam was liberated a few days afterwards. Noble, p. 231. 

' In one of the Suffolk Oough MSS. the Heveninghara pedigree :— *' a forged 
(BibL Bodl.) is a note by P. le Neve on pedigree in all the upper part" 

d 



XXIV 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 



1619. Sep. 30. The order of baronets of Ireland founded. 

1621. June 16. Sir Francis Michel was degraded from his knighthood. 
Noble, p. 193. 

■. Deceased John Ouillim, Bouge-croix, author, or rather editor, of 
the * Display of Herald rie,* the most popular of heraldic treatises. 

1623. In the Tisitation of Wilts, the heralds at Salisbury publicly dis- 
claimed the arms which had been wrongfully assumed by fifty-four persons. 

■. Nov. 2. William Camden, Glarenceux king of arms, departed this 
life. The arms granted by him are blazoned by Morgan in his ' Sphere of 
Gentry.* They are in some cases exceedingly appropriate. The coat which 
Camden granted to the family of Pitt, refers to their employment in the 
Exchequer. It is sable, a fess checquy* argent and azure, between three be- 
zants, (gold coins.) 

1625. Mar. 27. Charles I. Prince of Wales. Arms, p. 25. 
■ The order of baronets of Nora Scotia instituted. 

1626. Feb. 2. King Charles's coronation is solemnized at Westminster. 

1627. Sept. 26. Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, gare an augmenta- 
tion to Sir Henry Saint-George. See p. 31. 

1628. Sir David Kirke, knt., conquered Canada and captured the French 
admiral, De la Boche, whose arms (azure, a talbot sejant argent, with a collar, 
having a leash fixed thereto and reflexed, of the last, holding a faulchion proper) 
he assumed upon a canton '. 

1640. James Yorke, of Lincoln, blacksmith, published his * Union of 
Honour,' containing the arms, matches, and issue of the dukes, marquesses, 
and earls of England since the Conquest An appendix contains the arms of 
the gentry of Lincolnshire. 

1642. Oct. 23. The battle of Edge-Hill. Colonel John Smith, who 
recovered the royal standard, was made a banneret. He seems to have been 
the last banneret regularly created". See 1547, 1743, 1764, and 1773. 



• The royal family of Stuart (or 
Steward) bore a fess checquy in allusion 
to their name, which they derived from 
their ancient office, and there can he 
little doubt that the fretty quarters of 
Spencer (anciently Le despenser) had a 
similar origin. A checquer table, upon 
which were set the king's scutcheons of 
arms, was carried by six earls and barons 
at the coronation of Richard II. 

t Ouillim, however, gives a somewhat 
different version of this narrative, making 
the canton an augmentation granted to 
Sir David Kirke, and to two other mem- 
bers of that family and their descendants, 
''for their good services done in en- 
countering and vanquishing the French 
navy, under the command of M. de 



RocJcnumd, then admiral, and bringing 
the said admiral prisoner to England; 
and for taking the said country of Canada, 
then belonging to the French, ... in 
which expedition the said Sir David 
took M. Champlaine, their governor, and 
brought him prisoner to England." The 
arms of Kirke are per fess, or and 
gules, a lozenge counterchanged. Guil- 
lim makes the canton azure, charged 
with a Hon passant holding up a cutlass 
argent 

" A Sir Jo. Mor daunt, knt banneret, 
Mate of Tangier,* died Sept 12, 1728, 
aged 86, and was buried at Islington. 
The manner and occasion of his receiv- 
ing the title are not mentioned. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. xxv 

1644. When King Charles held bis parliament at Oxford, the lord of the 
manor of Stoke-Lyne, in that county, having rendered him some service, the 
king offered him the honour of knighthood, which he declined, but solicited the 
king's permission to place his arms upon a displayed hawk. This request the 
king granted, and the lords of Stoke-Lyne have borne their arms thus ever 
since. 

1649. Jan. 30. Charles II. Prince of Wales. Arm.s, p. 26. 

1650. Sept. 29. ^*For defacing of the king's arms, £0. 1. 0." Church- 
wardens' accounts. Great Marlow, Bucks. 

1651. Jan. 1. The king is crowned at Scone in Scotland. 

. Feb. An order was issued that ^ the king's arms be removed, and 

those of the state be placed in their room.** The expense of this alteration 
was ordered to be defrayed out of the parish rates, and all justices, church- 
wardens, etc. were charged to see that it was effected. 

^ "Paid to the painter for setting up the states' arms, £0, 16. 0." 

Churchwardens' accounts, Great Marlow, Bucks. 

. Sept. 3. The battle of Worcester. For his conduct on this occasion, 

the ancestor of the Newmans, harts, (extinct 1747) acquired an augmentation, 
viz. an inescutcheon gules, charged with a portcullis imperially crowned or. 

1653. Dec. 16. Oliver Cromwell assumes the title of Lord Protector, and 
is proclaimed by the heralds. Arms, p. 25, note. 

1658. An augmentation granted by the legitimate, but exiled Garter, Sir 
£dw. Walker, to Stephen Fox, esq., afterwards knighted. See p. 30. 

• Sep. 4. Bichard Cromwell proclaimed Protector. 

. Nov. 23. The funeral of Cromwell was performed with great pomp, 

in Westminster Abbey. The expense was £28,000. The body had been 
privately buried several days previously. 

1659. May. Bichard Cromwell resigns his office. 

1660. May 29. The king's restoration. 

1 Sep. 4. The grants of arms made by Sir Edward Bysshe, intruder 

into the office of Garter during the Great Rebellion, were declared null and 
void. 

Dec. 24. The royal assent is given to '' An act for taking away the 

court of wards and liveries, and tenures in capite and by knight's service and 
purveyance, and for settling a revenue upon his majesty in lieu thereof." 

. About this time King Charles gave arms to the families of Carlos 

and Pendrell, and augmentations to many others, for services rendered to him 
during the usurpation, or for assisting in his restoration. An order of knight- 
hood was contemplated, to be called the Royal Oak, but this design was aban- 
doned. (See pp. 193. 337.) The oak-leaved crowns of the kings of arms are 
of this period. 

1661. Feb. 9. Several coronets appointed. See p. 87. 

» Apr. 23. King Charles crowned at Westminster. Sixty-eight 

knights of the Bath had been created on the 1 9th in honour of the occasion. 
A very full account of the ceremonies of this coronation will be found in 
Phillips's continuation to Sir Richard Baker's Chronicle. 



xxvi CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1661. Jnlj 0. The barons' coronet appointed. See p. 88. 

1662. The sum of £l. 12s. 6d. paid at Wobum, Beds, for erasing " Um 
rebel's arms,** and setting up the king's. 

b Sir Andrew Dunham, the new Loid Lyon King of Arms, was crowned 
in full parliament at Edinburgh. 

1665. The king concedes to the peers of Scotland and Ireland, permission 
to wear coronets similar to those of the peers of England. 

1672# Oct. 19. Heniy Howard, earl of Norwich, (afterwards duke of Nor- 
folk,) is constituted hereditary Earl Marshall of England by letters patent 

1677. The ensigns, with their crests and supporters, granted this year to 
the Clookmakers (see p. 80.) and Coaohmakers of London, are so confused that 
to describe them intelligibly is beyond the power of language. 

1685. Feb. 6. Jakbs II. Duke of York. Arms, p. 25. 

. Apr. 23. His coronation is solemnized with great magnificence at 
Westminster. A history of the ceremony was published by Francis Sand- 
ford, Lancaster. 

1686. Mar. 29. An account of the ceremonies performed at the creation 
of two kings of arms, one herald, and one pursuivant, is printed by Noble, 
(p. 295,) from a contemporary MS. 

, May 13. The last royal commission for a Tisitation. 

1687. May 29. The king restores the ancient Scottish order of the 
Thistle. 

1688. Dee. 1 1. King James quits the kingdom. 

1689. Feb. 13. William and Maby. Prince and princess of Orange. 
Arms, p. 26. 

. April 11. The coronation. 

1692. The arms granted this year to Sir Cloudesley Shovbx^ are in better 
taste than was usual at the period, being an appropriate memorial of two 
yictories oyer the Turks, and one over the French. They are gules, a 
chevron ermine, in chief two crescents argent, in base a fleur-de4ys or. 

1694. Dec. 28. The queen died. 

1702. Mar. 8. Anne. Consort of George, prince of Denmark. Arms, p. 26. 
. Apr. 13. She is crowned. 

. Dec. 23. An order of the earl marshall issued, changing the royal 

motto to BEMPEB EADEM. 

1703. Dec. 31. The order of the Thistle again restored. 

1705. June 1. Laurence Cromp, York herald. *' The lords proprietors of 
the province of Carolina gave him a patent, dated June 1, 1705, appointing 
him Carolina herald, with power to grant arms to the Casiques and Land- 
graves." Noble, p. 359. 

1707. The union of Scotland with England. Henceforth no English nor 
Scotch peers could be created, but only peers of Great Britain, or of Ireland. 

. July 28. A proclamation issued concerning the union flag. See 

p. 31. 

1708. Oct 28. Prince George of Denmark, duke of Oumberiand, the 
queen's consort, died. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. xxvii 

)^tt0( of l^anoto* 

1714. Aug. 1. Geoboe I. Elector of Hanorer, etc., also duke of 
Cambridge. Arms, p. 26. 



Oct. 20. The coronation. 



1716. Nov. 10, 11. Francis Tyssen, esq., buried at Hackney, Middz., with 
splendour far aboye his degree, and at an expense of about J^OOO. The 
heraldic body remonstrated by means of an advertisement in the Gazette, but 
do not appear to have proceeded any further. See Lysons' Environs. 

» . July 12. James Butler, duke of Ormond, degraded from the order 
of the Garter under the pretext of treason. 

1720. To this date Edmondson assigns the introduction of the partition- 
line called dancette. 

1722. Aug. 9. The magnificent funeral of Jo. Churchill, duke of Marl- 
borough, and prince of the German empire. See Noble, p. 349. 

1725. May 18. The order of the Batb restored. 

1727. An impostor, named Robert Harman, pretending to be a herald, was 
prosecuted by the college at the Suffolk quarter sessions held at Beccles, 
and being convicted was punished with fine, imprisonment, and the pillory. 
Noble, p. 952. 

— . June 11. Geobge II. Prince of Wales. Arms, p. 26. 

Oct. 11. The coronation. Noble, p. 368. 

1732. An attempt made to revive the court of chivalry. Noble, p. 373. 

1743. July. The title of knight banneret was conferred upon two dukes, 
five earls, and several officers of inferior rank (all English) after the battle of 
Dettingen. 

1760. Sept. 10. The wretehed taste of the heraldry of this period cannot 
be more plainly exemplified than by the arms granted this day to a family 
named Tbtlow, seated at Haughton in Lancashire. They are azure, on a 
fess argent, ^M musical lines^sMey thereon a rose gules, between two escallops 
of the third ; in chief a nag's head erased, of the second, between two cross 
crosslets or ; in base a harp of the last. Crest, on a wreath a book erect gules, 
clasped and ornamented or, thereon a silver penny y on which is written the Lord's 
prayer ; (crests were originally assumed for the purpose of prominent distinc- 
tion ;) on the top of the book a dove proper, in its beak a crow-quill sable. This 
crest was invented to commemorate an achievement performed by one of the 
fieunily, namely, writing the Lord's prayer within the compass of a silver penny 
with a crow-quill I Motto : PBCBMixm vietutis Honob. Many other coats in 
equally bad taste might be noUced, but one more must suffice. In a land- 
scapcy a fourUainy (not the heraldic fountain, but one spouting water, which 
falls into a bason, the whole standing upon a foot,) a palm-tree issuing there' 
fromy all proper. This was granted to one Fbanco in the same year. 

. Oct 25, Geobge III. Prince of Wales. Arms, p. 26. 

1761. Sept 22. The coronation. Noble, p. 400. 

1764. Sir William Erskine created a knight banneret at a review in Hyde 
Park. 



xxviii CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1773. The king conferred ihe dijpity of knight banneret upon five narkl 
officers iX Portnnoulh. 

1783. Feb. i. The order at S. Patrick founded for the kingdom of 

1780. The Anglo-Bararian brand) of the order of S. John organized. 

1788. For a specimen of the heraidrj of Una date, kc the arms of Thojl*, 
under the head Pi^szre, p. 249. 

leoi. Jan. I. The union between Great Britain and Ireland. The 
union flag appointed. The arms of France relinquiihed. 

1814. HanoTer declared a kingdom. See p. 62. 

18ld. Jan. 3. The order of the Balh remodelled and enlarged. 

. Aug. 13. The Hanoverian or Gudphic order founded. 

1616. June 8. The Crown of Hanover. See p. 106. 

1818. Ha; 27. The order of S. Michael and S. Georgie founded. 

The heraldry of the reign of George III. was, if possible, worse than 
that of the last reign. In confirmation of this statement it is onl; necessary 
to refer the reader to the suppoiten assumed bj many new peers, and to the 
augmenUtions granted to others. What, for example, could be in worse taste 
than the arms of lord Nelson f 

1820. Jan. 29. Gbobob IV. Prince of Walts. Arms, p. 37. 

1831. Julj 19. The coronation celebrated with great magnificence. A 
richly illustrated account of it was pubUshed some years afterwaids, by Sir 
George Nayler, Garter. 

1830, June 36. WiLtiAM IV. Duke of Clarence. Arms, p. 37. 

1631. SepL 8. He is crowned. 

1837. June 20. Victoau. Arms, p. 37. 



A LIST OF ALL THE ABBATS AND PRIORS OF ENGLAND 



WHO ABB KNOWN TO HAVB BEBN MITBED OB TO HAYB SAT IN PABLIAMENT 8UB- 
8BQUEKT TO THB BEQIMNING OF THE BBION OF EDWABD III. 



In tbe 49tb year of Henry III., sixty-four Abbats and tbirty-six Priors bad 
seats in pariiament Edward III. reduced this number to twenty-five Abbats, and 
two Priors. 



Nmm«. 



I Coantjr. | Ordar. | Title. 



S. Albans. 

Abingdon. 

Bardney. 

Battle. 

Burton on Trent 



Herts. 

Berks. 

Lincoln. 

Sussex. 

Stafford. 



Bury S. EdmondV Sufibllc. 



Canterbury, S.\ i^-^^. 
Augustine's. / *^®°^' 



Benedictine. Abbat 



^;;;;^'**} '^•■ 



} 
} 



Cirencester. 

Clerkenwell, 
S. John's. 

Colchester, S. 
John Baptist's. 
Coventry. 
Croyland. 

Durham. 

Evesham. 

Glastonbury. 

Gloucester. 

Hulme. 



Hyde. 

Leicester, S. 1 
MarydePratis./ 



Gloucester. 



Middlesex. 



Essex. 

Warwick. 
Lincoln. 

Durham. 

Worcester. 

Somerset 

Gloucester. 

Norfolk. 



Hants. 
Leicester. 



Prior. 



Augustinian. Abbat. 



Prior. 



S. John of 
Jerusalem. 

Benedictine. 



Abbat 

Prior. 
Abbat. 

[Prior. 

lAbbat 



Augustinian. 
Benedictine. 

Augustinian. 



Generally considered as the 
chief of the mitied abbats. 
Mitred 1268. 



Not mitred. He sat in par- 
liament 28<'. Hen. YIII. 

First mitred c. 1059. The 
mitre was shortly after- 
wards relinquished in con- 
sequence of the op]>08ition 
of abp. Ijanfranc, but re- 
granted 1179. 

Mitred 1378. Seldom called 
to parliament. 



Not mitred. He assumed 
the title of '* primus baro 
Anglise.*' 



Mitred c. 1374. But never 

called to parliament. 
Mitred c. 1230. 



The bishop of Norwich is 
still titular lord abbat of 
Hulme. 

In the northern suburbs of 
the city of Winchester. 

Occasionally called to parlia- 
ment, but not mitred ? 



XXX 



A LIST OF MITRED ABBATS AND PRIORS. 



NUIM. 



I Coantj. I Order. | Tide. 



Malmesbury. 


Wilts. 


Middleton. 
Northampton, 1 
S. James's. I 


Dorset. 
Northamp. 


Peterborough, 






Ramsey. 
Reading. 
Selby. 
Shrewsbury. 


Hants. 
Berks. 
York. 
Salop. 


Tayistock. 


Devon. 


Tewkesbury. 


Gloucester. 


Thomey. 


Cambridge. 


Waltbam. 
Westminster. 
Winchcomb. 
Worcester. 
York, S. Mary's. 


Essex. 

Middlesex. 

Gloucester. 

Worcester. 

York. 



Benedictine. 



Augustinian. 



Benedictine. 



Augustinian. 
Benedictine. 



Abbat 



Prior. 
AbbaL 



Summoned to parliament 

temp. Edw. III. Mitred 

3-. Ric. II. 
Fuller, Ch. Hist. p. 367. 
Occasionally summoned to 

parliament. Not mitred? 
Summoned to parliament 4*. 

Edw. III. Mitred about 

1397. 



Mitred 1458. Called to par- 
liament 1514. 

One of the latest mitred 
abbats. 

Mitred about 1200. Called 
to parliament 1338. 

Mitred 1191. 

Mitred 1167. 

Mitred 1351. 



A list of all the Abbats and other superiors 
ment from 49 Hen. III. to 23 Edw I V. will 
Dugdale, vol. ii. Append, p. 11. 



of religious bouses called to parlia- 
be found in Stevens's Additions to 



»ti t(»6 fteralBra. 



IN heraldic memorfuida and sketches of arms in 
trick, ^ or a is employed to sig^fy Argent, and 
not Ar., which might he mistaken for Az. la 
• like manner B is the sign of htue^ and not Az., 
which might he mistaken for Ar. The use, too, of a single letter 
ensures clearness. 

A and other letters are sometimes used as chargee. See 
Letters. 

Abasku, or Abaiasi: this term is used when a chevron, fesse, 
or other ordinary, is borne lower than its usual situation. 

Abatements, sometimes called Bebatementa, are marks of 
disgrace attached to arms on account of some dishonourahle act 
of the hearer. They are nine in number, yiz. — 

1. Delf. 2. Inescatcheon reversed. 8. Point dexter. 4. Point 
in point, or Point pointed. 6. Point champion, or shapoome. 
6. Plain Point. 7. Gore sinister. 8. Gusset dexter, and, 
9. Gusset sinister. 

These marks must be either sanguine or teon^, which the old 
writers call " staynande colours," otherwise thqr are no abate- 
ments hut honourable charges ; as they also are when charged, 
and when two or more (gussets excepted) are borne in the same 



2 ABATEMENTS— ACCRUED. 

As the use of arms is not compulsory^ a bearer would of course 
rather relinquish them than publish his own disgrace by bearing 
them abated. Abatements such as the above (or, as Menestrier 
calls them, ^^sottises Angloises'') exist only in systems of heraldry. 
As no instance of their actual use is on record, it will be unne- 
cessary to occupy further space by describing them^ but as some 
of the figures above mentioned are occasionally employed as 
charges^ an explanation of each term will be found in its alpha- 
betical order. 

Sir Oeorge Mackenzie conjectures that broken chevrons^ and 
beasts turned towards the sinister, were originally given as abate- 
ments. "And Edward the Third of England," he says, "ordained 
two of six stars which a gentleman had in his arms to be effaced, 
because he had sold a seaport of which he was made governor .'' 
He seems to refer to Aymert of Pavia, a Lombard, governor 
of Calais in 1349, who bore azure, four mullets or. 

There is another mark of disgrace which is due only to the 
traitor : it consists in reversing the entire coat. 

Abbat. See Cbosier and Mitre. 

Accoll£ : This word has two significations ; first, (from the 
French, col, a neck,) it is synonymous with gorged or collared, 
and occasionally, with wreathed or entwined. Secondly, (from 
coUe, glue,) it denotes the position of two shields joined side by 
side ; a practice sometimes adopted previous to the introduction 
of impaling. See Marshalling. 

Accompanied, or Accompagn6: the old heralds often use this 
word for between, as a cross accompanied by four crescents, etc. 

Accosted : a term used when charges are placed on each side 
of another charge, as, a pale accosted by six mullets, or, as 
English heralds would generally say, between six mullets pallet- 
wise. Another application of the word is to two beasts walking 
or running side by side. Unless they are accosted passant 
counter-passant, the more distant should be a little in advance 
of the other. 

Accrued : full-grown ; a term sometimes, very unnecessarily, 
applied to trees. 



ACHIEVEMENTS. 8 

AcHiEVBMBNTs : Coats of arms in general^ and particularly 
those funeral escutcheons^ which being placed upon the fironts 
of houses or elsewhere^ set forth the rank and circumstances of 
the deceased. The arms upon the latter may in all cases be 
either single or quartered. 

When the deceased is the last of his line^ a death^s head may 
be placed over his arms instead of^ or besides^ the crest. The 
general form of funeral achievements will appear from the cut 
upon p. 5. It is believed that the following rules for the 
arrangement of their several varieties will include all but a few 
very extraordinary and unusual cases. See also Marshalling. 

I. OFFICIAL PERSONAGES. 

1; 2. A king or reigning queen, whether married or not, — ^The 
royal arms complete^ upon a ground entirely black. 

3. A queen consort. — The achievement of a queen consort 
should be arranged in a manner similar to that of the lady of a 
peer. 

4. Archbishops and bishops, — An archbishop or bishop has 
his paternal arms impaled after the insignia of his see^ both 
being surmounted by a mitre. The ground must be per pale^ 
white on the dexter side^ signifying that the see never dies, and 
black on the sinister^ denoting the decease of the bishop. 
Whether the bishop be married or unmarried will make no 
difference in the arrangement of his achievement. 

The arms of the bishops of Winchester and Oxford^ (until 
lately Winchester and Salisbury^) prelate and chancellor of the 
order of the garter^ should be encircled by the garter^ and have 
their badges pendent. The archbishops of Armagh and Dublin 
bear the badge of the order of S. Patrick in the same manner. 

Prelates having temporal jurisdiction^ (as the bishops of Dur- 
ham had^) may bear a crosier and sword saltirewise behind their 
arms ; the hilt of the sword should be uppermost. 

The arms of a bishop who is a temporal peer may be mar- 
shalled upon his achievement in two ways. — First, two distinct 
shields may be placed side by side, one containing the episcopal 



4 ACHIEVEMENTS. 

inBignia to the dexter^ and the paternal arms to the sinister^ and 
ensigned with the mitre^ and the other shield containing the 
temporal arms with helmet, crest, mantle, coronet, supporters 
and motto. Which of these escutcheons is to be placed to the 
dexter, depends upon whether the secular or ecclesiastical be the 
higher dignity*. 

The second method is to impale the insignia of the see and 
the arms of the prelate's family in the same shield, placing the 
mitre over the former, and the helmet, crest, and coronet, over 
the latter. The mantle, supporters, and motto, will surround 
both. 

In either of the above cases, the ground of the achievement will 
be black except that part which is beneath the insignia of the see. 

5, 6. The dean of a cathedral or collegiate churchy or the head 
of a coUege, whether married or not. — ^The insignia of the deanery 
or college impaled with the paternal coat must be placed upon 
a ground parted per pale white and black. A dean or other 
clerk should by no means bear a helmet, mantle, or crest. 

The deans of Windsor, Westminster, and S. Patrick's, 
Dublin, should bear the badges of their respective orders. 

7. Kings of Arms. — ^The achievement of a king of arms should 
contain the insignia of his office and his paternal coat impaled 
together, and surmounted by his helmet, crest, mantling, and 
crown. Some kings of arms have encircled their shields with 
the collar of SS. belonging to their office. The ground of this 
achievement must be per pale white and black. 



II. BACHELORS. 

All bachelors (bishops, deans, heads of colleges, and kings of 
arms, only excepted) must have their arms complete, that is to 
say, with all the external ornaments^ belonging to the same, 
upon a black ground. 



a I'hc order of precedency is as earl, viscount, biskopt baron, 
follows: archbishop, duke, marquess, *> The helmet, crest, mantling, coronet, 



ACHIEVEMENTS. 



III. HUSBANDS. 



1. In general. — ^All husbandaj except those whose wires are 
peeresses in their own right, should have a shield (with the ex- 
ternal omamenta proper to their rank) containing tbeir own 
arms impaled with their wives', or if the latter be heiresses theirs 
must be upon an escutcheon of pretence. In all cases the 
ground will be per pale black and white. 

According to some modem heralds it is not proper for a knight 
to include the arms of his 
wife within the collar,ribbon, 
or other insignia of his order. 
In compliance with this opi- 
nion it is customary for the 
achievement of a knight' 
(whether a peer or not) to be 
arrangedthus: — Two shields 
are placed side by side, the 
first, which is encircled by 
the garter or other distinc- 
tion of the order, contains 

the husband's arms alone, and the second those of the hus- 
band and wife. Both these shields are included within the 
external omameDts pertaining to the husband's rank. The 
ground is perpendicularly divided at the middle of the second 
shield, the dexter side black, the sinister white. 

Marriages previous to the last should not be noticed upon 
achievementd. 

2. A husband of any ratik, whose lady is a peereaa in her ovm 
right. — Two escutcheonsj the dexter contaimng the arms of the 
husband with the lady's upon an escutcheon of pretence ensigned 
with her coronet: the sinister lozenge-shaped, with the lady's 
alone. Each must be accompanied by all its proper external 

iQppoTten, and motto, alio the garter, ' This doeinotapplftoknightabache- 
or ribbon, gdIIrt, or bidgt o( my order of lurs, or any other knighia wliow arms are 

knighthood. not encircled. 



6 ACHIEVEMENTS. 

ornaments. The ground should be perpendicularly divided at 
the middle of the dexter escutcheon^ and painted black and 
white. 

If the husband be a knight of an order having a circle or collar 
(See III. I.) it is now customary to have two shields in the place 
of the first above mentioned. In this case the ground of the 
achievement is to be perpendicularly divided at the middle of the 
second. 

rV, WIDOWERS. 

Their funeral achievements only differ from those of husbands, 
under similar circumstances, in the ground being totally black. 

WOMEN IN GENERAL. 

The arms of spinsters and widows must always be painted in 
lozenges^. 

The arms of a wife, whose husband survives, may be impaled 
with the arms of the latter in a shield, or, in the case of an 
heiress, borne upon an escutcheon of pretence. 

Women^ may not bear helmets, crests, or mantlings, but a 
peeress is entitled to her robe of estate. 

Y. UNMARRIED LADIES OF ANT RANK. 

The arms of an unmarried lady must be placed in a lozenge, 
but no external ornaments of an heraldic nature should be 
used, unless she were a peeress'. In that case her supporters, 
robe of estate and coronet, should be added. The ground 
entirely black. 

VI. WIVES. 

1. In general. — ^Their achievements are arranged precisely as 
their husbands' would be, except that the helmet, crest, mantle, 
and motto, are omitted, and the ground painted per pale, white 

^ Sovereign princesses excepted. or bows of ribbon, are often placed above 

■ See the last note. the arms of women, whether apinsters, 

' Shells, cherubims' heads, and knots wives, or widows. 



ACHIEVEMENTS— ADUMBRATION. 7 

and black; or, to speak more accurately^ black under the arms 
of the wife^ and white under those of the husband. 

2. The wife of an archbishop or bishop, — ^It is customary to 
arrange the achievement of the wife of a prelate thus : — Two 
shields, the first containing the impaled arms of the see and the 
bishop, surmounted by a mitre, and the second, the family arms 
of the bishop with those of his wife, and over them a knot of 
ribbons or a cherub^s head. The ground all white except that 
part under the arms of the wife, (i. e. about one third per pale 
on the sinister side,) which must be black. 

VII. WIDOWS. 

The achievements of widows differ from those of wives in two 
respects; the escutcheon or escutcheons are lozenge-shaped', 
and the ground is entirely black. The arms should be encircled 
by a silver cordon **. 

As the episcopal dignity is one in which a wife cannot partici« 
pate, the achievement of a prelate's widow should not differ 
from that of the widow of a private gentleman. The same may 
be said of the achievement of the widow of a knight 

Addorsed, or AdossS, and Efidorsed: said of two animals 
turned back to back. These terms (generally the latter) are 
also used with reference to keys, wings, etc. For a bird with 
wings endorsed, see Pelican. 

Adoption, Arms of. See Arms (VII.) 

Adorned : a chapeau or other article of dress, charged, is, by 
some, said to be adorned with such a charge. 

Adorsed, Adorssed, or Adossed. See Addorsed. 

Aldumbration, or Transparency: the shadow of a charge, 
apart from the charge itself, painted the same colour as the field 

8 Escutcheons of pretence always ex- around the arms of ladies who have never 

cepted. been married. This is an abuse of long 

^ The cordon or cordiliere being the standing, as appears from Ashmole (Ord. 

symbol of widowhood, it is manifestly of the Garter, p. 126.) but no less an 

abaord to place it, as painters often do, abuse on that account 



8 ADUMBRATION— ALEMBICK. 

upon which it is placed^ but of a darker tint ; or^ perhaps^ in 
outline only. This is of rare occurrence. It is said to have 
been sometimes adopted by families who^ having lost their 
possessions^ and consequently being unable to maintain their 
dignity^ chose rather to bear their hereditary arms adumbrated 
than to relinquish them altogether. 

Adze : a common axe. 

Affront^ : facing the spectator^ as the lion in the crest of 
Scotland. Also used when two animals face each other, but in 
that case the terms Confronti and Respecting each others are 
more generally employed. 

AoACBLLA : the gazelle (?) 

Aqnus Dei. See Lamb, Holy. 

AiQVintj or EquisS : sharply pointed. See Cross, pointed. 

AiLETTES. See Emerasses. 

Ajnent: running; applied to beasts. 

Aisle : winged. 

Aland, or Alant : \_^an, Alano. " Canes alanos/^ Muratori ;] 
a mastiff with short ears. The dexter supporter of the arms of 
Lord Dacre, although commonly called a wolf, appears to have 
been meant for an aland. 

^' About his char' ther weDten white <dauns 
Twenty and mo, as gret as any stere**, 
To hunten at the leon or the dere." chaneen. 

**• Foure coursers and two aUans of Spaygne, fayre and good*" 

FroiaMrt, tniulated hj Lord B«nien*. 

A LA QuisE. See Quibe. 

Alaunt. See Aland. 

Alberia : a shield without ornament or armorial bearings, so 
called from being white. Festus says, '^Because used by the 
Albenses.'' (Meyrick.) 

Alembick. See Limbeck. 



i Chariot • Knighte's Tale, 2150. 

k A young bullock. "• B. iv. c. 24. 



ALISE— ANGLES. 



9 





Ali86 : rounded. See Caoss^ pattie alisSe. 

Allebion: an eagle displayed^ without beak 
or feet. The points of the wings downward. 

Alliance^ Arms of. See Arms (VI.) 

Allocamelus^ or As9^amel: a fictitious 
beast bomeasacrest by theEASTLAND Company. 

Altar : a tall circular pedestal^ generally borne inflamed^ as 
in the arms of Smijth, of IRU Hall, Essex, 
which are sable^ on a fesse dancett^ (of four)^ 
between three lions rampant gardant argent^ 
each supporting an altar or, flaming proper, 
nine billets of the field. 

Ambulant: walking. The term Co-ambulant is used for walk- 
ing side by side. 

Amethyst. See Purpure. 

Amphisien Cockatrice. See Basilisk. 

Anchor : this is frequently used as a charge, 
emblematical of hope, or of naval service. In 
old examples it is not unfrequently ringed at 
the point.. 

Argent, an anchor sable. Skipton. 

Or, an anchor sable. Chafpell, Devon, 

Anchored : Anchry, or Ancri, See Cross, 
Anchored, 

Ancient, or Anshent : a small flag ending in a point. 

Ancred. See Anchored. 

Andrew, S., the Apostle : the patron sidnt of Scotland. The 
arms attributed to him, and emblazoned upon the banner bearing 
his name, are azure, a saltire argent. 

Cross ofS. Andrew. See Saltire. 

Order of 8. Andrew. See Knighthood, Thistle. 

Angles: three pairs of angles interlaced saltirewise^ and 
having an annulet at each end, are borne by a family 
named Wastley or Westley. The ancient name of ^. ,v 
this bearing does not appear, but it seems most Ukely 'VV/ 
that it was intended to represent the hook or fastening 





10 



ANGLES— ANTELOPE. 




of a waist-band^ and that the arms of Wastley are allasive. 
The cross annuletty, represented below^ is in all probability 
merely another way of representing the same thing. 

Anille. See Millrind. 

Anim£. See Incensed. 

Annodated: bowedembowed,orbentin theform of the letter S. 

Annulet : a ring^ probably derived from the links composing 
chain armour. It is of frequent occurrence 
as a charge^ and is likewise the difference 
assigned to the fifth son. 

Azure, three annulets argent, (another 
branch, or.) Anlbtt. 

Argent, three annulets azure. Richers, 
or Ryckers, Norf. 

Ermine, three annulets, one within another, gules. Fytton. 

Two annulets are sometimes linked in fesse. Three may in 
like manner be interlaced in triangle. 

Annuletty, AnmUated, or Binged: crosses 
and saltires are occasionally couped and 
ringed at the ends, as in the following ex- 
ample. The couping is implied. 

Argent, a cross annuletty sable. Westle y. 

Anshent. See Ancient. 

Antarctic Star. See Stab, Pole, 

Ant£. See EntI;. 

Antelope : it is now customary with herald-painters to draw 
animals as they appear naturally, which is, p 
generally speaking, directly contrary to the 
practice of ancient artists, who drew them 
conventionally. Hence arises the distinction 
between the heraldic antelcpe and the natural. 

The form of the antelope, as drawn by the 
old heralds, will be better "understood by a 
figure, than by the most elaborate'description 
without one. The antelope thus drawn has, in some instances, 
maintained his post in modem heraldry, but has been, for the 





ANTELOPE— ARGENT. 



11 




most part^ superseded by the natural. The difference is therefore 
only an accidental one. 

Anthony^ 8., Cross of. See Cross Tau. 

Antic: antique. 

Antient. See Ancient. 

Antique Limbeck. See Limbeck. 

Anvil: the arms of Smith of Abinffdon, 
Berhs, are per chevron argent and sable^ three 
anvils counterchanged. The anvils are repre- 
sented as the figure in the margin. 

Apaum^^ or Appalmed : said of a hand open^ 
shewing the palm. The term is however quite needless^ as every 
hand not blazoned as aversant^ or dorsed^ is supposed to be ap- 
pahned. 

Apple of Granada : the pomegranate. 

Apres: a fictitious animal^ resembling a bull 
with the tail of a bear. It is the sinister sup- 
porter of the arms of the Company of Muscovy 
Merchants. 

Arch : this may be single or double^ spring- 
ing from two or three pillars. 

Grules^ three arches^ two single, and one 
double^ or. Arches. 

Archbishop. See Crosier and Mitre. 

Arched, or Archy : said of an ordinary em- 
bowed. 

Purpure, a bend archy, argent. Archby. 

Arctic Star. See Star, Pole. 

Argent: silver, sometimes called Luna in 
the arms of princes, and Pearl in those of 
peers. AlS silver soon becomes tarnished, it is 
generally represented in painting by white. 
In engraving it is known by the natural colour 
of the paper. In the doubling of mantles it may be called 
whitey because (as the old heralds say) it is not in that case to be 
taken for a metal, but the skin of a little beast called a Lituite. 





12 ARM— ARMING-BUCKLE. 

Arm : the human arm is often found as part of a crest, 
although not very frequent as a charge. It should be carefully 
described as dexter or sinister, erect, embowed or oounter- 
embowed, vested, vambraced, or naked, as the case may be. If 
couped, care should be taken to describe where. When couped 
at the elbow, it is called a cubU-arm, Two arms sometimes 
occur as a crest, as that of Bentinck, which is, out of a ducal 
coronet proper, two arms embowed counter-embowed, habited 
gules, with large gloves or, each holding an ostrich feather 
argent. 

Gules, three dexter arms conjoined at the 
shoulders, and flexed in triangle, (like the 
legs in the ensign of the Isle of Man,) vested 
or, with fists clenched, proper, are the armo- 
rial insignia of the Cornish family of Tre- 

MATNE. 

Sable, three dexter arms conjoined at the 
shoulders, and flexed in triangle, vested or, 
cuffed argent, the fists clenched, proper. Armstrong. 
See also Embowed. 

Armed : when any beast of prey has teeth and claws, or any 
beast of chase (except stags, etc.) horns and hoofs, or any bird 
of prey beak and talons, of a tincture different from his body, 
he is said to be armed of such a tincture. 

When the term is applied to arrows, it refers to their heads. 

When a man is said to be armed ai all points, it signifies that 
he is entirely covered with armour except his face. 

Aau'r^ parlantes. See Arms, Caniing. 

Jrmes pour enquirir : armorial bearings in which metal is 
placed upon metal, or colour upon colour; so called because such 
deviations from the general rule, were intended to excite enquiry 
into the causes which prompted the assumer or granter to make 
them. Such are the arms of Jerusalem, which will be found 
under the head. Cross potent. 

Armined: Ermincd. 

Arming-buckle. See Buckle. 




ARMING-DOUBLET— ARMS. 1 3 

Abmino*doublet : a surcoat. Sir John Paston, in one of his 
letters says, — " Item, I praye you to sende me a newe vestment 
off whyght damask ffor a dekyn, whyche is among myn other 
geer j I will make an armyng doublet of it°/' 

Armour, Coat. See Coat of Arms. 

Arms, or Armorial bearings, are usually divided into public, 
including those of kingdoms, provinces, sees, and corporate 
bodies, and private, or those of families. They may be more 
accurately classed under eleven heads, as follows : — 

I. Arms of Dominion, or those borne by sovereign princes; 
not the arms of their families, but those of the states over which 
they reign. Such are the arms of England, which are not pe- 
culiar to any family or dynasty, but the insignia pertaining to 
the regal office. 

These, in strict propriety, should not be called arms, but 
ensigns, which remark is equally applicable to No. II. III. 
X. and XI. 

II. Arms of Pretension : arms of dominion borne by sove- 
reigns who have no actual authority over the states to which 
such arms belong, but quarter them to express their right there- 
unto. Thus the kings of England quartered the arms of France, 
and assumed the title of king of that country, from the time of 
Edward III. to 1801, when the claim was relinquished. 

in. Arms of Succession, otherwise called feudal arms, are those 
borne by the possessors of certain lordships or estates. Thus 
the earls of Derby, as lords of Man, quartered the arms of that 
island ; the duke of Hamilton quarters the arms of the earldom 
of Arran, and the duke of Argyll those of -the lordship of Lorn. 

King Henry V . in his second year, gave the earldom of Rich- 
mond to his brother John, d\ike of Bedford, ^'cum armis integris 
comitatui, honori, et dominio de Richmond annexis,'^ and hence 
he probably bore the ermine spots on his label, that fur being 
the arms of the dukes of Bretagne, who had formerly possessed 

■ Letters, toI. ii p. 140. The deacoD's to make a surcoat Its colour too, was 
proper Testment was a tunic, which would that of the field of Sir John Paston's 
require but very little alteration of form arms. 



14 ARMS. 

the earldom. His arms were^ France ancient and England 
quarterly^ a label of five points^ the two first argent^ each charged 
with three ermine spots (in pale)^ the others azure^ on each as 
many fleurs-de-lis (likewise in pale) or. Several other earls of 
Richmond bore ermine with their arms^ generally a canton of 
that fur. 

IV. Arms of Family, which are hereditary, being borne (with 
proper differences) by all the descendants of the first bearer. 

Y. Arms of Assumption, are such as may rightfully be assumed 
without grant or descent. Thus, if a man (whether a gentleman 
of coat-armour or not,) take prisoner, in lawful war, any noble- 
man or prince, he may lawfully assume the arms of that prisoner, 
either adding them to his own, (if he have any,) or bearing them 
alone ; and such arms will lawfully descend to his posterity. 

Examples of this practice are not very numerous, but the arms 
of Sir Clement Clerke, (baronet, 1661) are an instance in 
point. He bore argent, on a bend gules, between three pellets, 
as many swans proper ; with the addition of a sinister canton 
azure, charged with a demi-ram mounting argent, armed or, 
between two fleurs-de-lis in chief of the last, and debruised 
with a dexter baton silver; which were the arms of Louis 
d'OBLEANs, duke of Longueville, whom Sir John Clerke took 
prisoner at the battle of Bomy (or the Spurs), Aug. 6, 1513**. 

Arms wrongfully assumed are also sometimes called assumptive, 

VI. Arms of Alliance: the arms of a wife, which a man im- 
pales with his own, and also those which he quarters, being the 
arms of heiresses who have married into his family. 

VII. Arms of Adoption : the last of a family may adopt a 
stranger to bear his name and arms, and to possess his estates. 
In this case the stranger (having obtained permission from his 
sovereign, or being authorized by an act of parliament,) may 
relinquish his own name and arms altogether, or bear the two 
names and quarter the arms, his own name and arms having the 
precedence of the others, if he be more noble than the adopter. 

^ "No Christian/' says Camden, "may whom he taketh in warre." Remainet, 
beare entirely the armes of a Christian p. 226. 



ARMS— ARMS (CANTING.) 15 

YIII. Arms of ConcetHon, or augmenialums of konour. See 
Adghentationb. 

IX. Arms of Patronage. Upon the conqaeat of EDglaod by 
William the Norman, the lands were, for the moat part, divided 
amongst his followers, whose dependents again held lands under 
them, and when the bearing of arms became general, those of 
the lesser nobility or gentry, were frequently derived from the 
arms of the greater. Thus the ancient earls of CnesTEa bore 
azure, three garbs or, and the earls of Leicester, gules a 
dnqnefoil ermine; and many old famihes of those counties 
bore garbs and cinquefoils in token of the patronage of their 
lords. AsTLET, for example, a distinguished family of Leicester- 
»&ire, bore azure, a cinquefoil ermine. Camden has collected 
many instances of arms of patronage in his " Kemaines con- 
cerning BritaineP." 

X. Artas of Office, such as those borne by the kings of arms. 

XI. Armt of Community, are those borne by cities, towns, 
abbeys, universities, colleges, guilds, mercantile companies, etc. 
The arms of abbeys and colleges are generally those of their 
founders, to which the abbeys usually added some charge of an 
ecclesiastical character, as a crosier, mitre, or key. 

Arms, Canting, sometimes called cdlugive or pwan^ arma, and 
by French heralds, armet parlantei, may be of any of the kinds 
just enumerated. They are arms containing chaises, which 
allnde to the name of the bearer. A few examples are an- 
nexed. 

The kingdom of Castile and Leon. Gules, a 
castle triple towered or, and argent, a lion ram- 
pant gules, (sometimes purpure, and often crowned 
or,) quarterly. 

AauNDEL, fVardour, Wilts. Sable, six swallows, 
(Fb. kirondelles) 3, 2, 1, argent. 

BARav, Ireland. Barry of six, argent and gules. 

Butler : this family was originally named Fitzwaltbe, and 

bore or, a chief indented azure^, but one of them being appointed 

i> P. 200. ■> Still bome by Bome of the BuTLEli. 



16 ARMS (CANTING.) 

to the office of lord butler of Ireland^ they took the surname of 
BuTLEB^ and for their arms gules, three covered cups or. 

Eglesfield, Cumb. (Founder of Queen's College, Oxford, 
1340.) Argent, three eagles displayed gules. 

Ellis, Noff, Argent, three eels naiant in pale sable. 

Evans, Wales, Crest, a holy lamb. This is an allusion 
to S. John the Baptist; Evan being the Welsh form of the 
Christian name John. 

FsTHEBSTON, Hcrts. Gulos, on a chevron between three ostrich 
feathers argent, a pellet (or g^xa-stone.) 

Goring, Sussex. Or, a chevron between three annulets gules. 

Grey, Leic, etc. Barry of six, argent and azure. 

Flower, Yorkshire. Ermines, a cinquefoil argent. 

Harthill. Argent, on a mount in base vert, a hart lodged 
gules. 

Hayward, Surrey. Crest, a talbot's head couped argent, col- 
lared sable, to the collar a ring of the first. This is a speci- 
men of heraldic allusions of a more recondite character, the 
reference being to the Saxon ha^an-peapb, a house-dog. 

HussEY. Or, three boots {hosen) sable. 

Lucy, Cumb. Gules, three Iticies (or pikes) haurient argent. 

Molineux, Hawkley, Lane. Azure, a cross moUne or. 

QuATREMAYNE, Owfordsh. Gulcs, R fcssc betwecn/ouT dexter 
hands couped argent. 

Sevenoke, (Ld. Mayor of London, 1418.) Azure, seven acorns, 

2, 8, 2, or. 

Starkey, Chesh. Argent, a stork sable, beaked and mem- 
bered gules. 

Trumpington, Cambr. (Sir Roger de Trumpiugton, ob. 1289.) 
Azure, two trumpets pileways, between eight cross crosslets, 

3, 8, 2, or. 

Turner, Salop. Argent, a ndllrind sable. 

Wood, Devon. Or, on a mount in base vert, an oak acomed 
proper. 

The majority of early coats of arms allude, in some way or 
other, to the names of their bearers. Many that are not com- 



ARMS (CANTING)— ARMS (ROYAL.) 17 

monlf sQSpected to be of this kind, would doubtless prove bo if 
we could recover the forgotteo names of the charges of which 
they are composed. Armes parlantes do not often occur of later 
date than K. James I., about which time they began to grow 
into disrepute from ignorance and misapplication, and were 
nick-named canting or punning arms. They were numerous at 
all preceding periods, not only in England, but throughout 
Christendom. 

Arms, Coat of. See Coat op Akhs. 

Arrnt, College of. See Colleoe op Asms. 

Arms, Composed. Before marshalling was introduced, a man 
sometimes added a portion of the arms of his wife or ancestors 
to his own, to shew his alliance or descent. Thus R. Henry II. 
took an additional lion upon his marriage with Eleanor of 
Gnyenne. See Akhs, Royal. Hen, II, 

Arms, Royal. Arms hare been assigned in subsequent times 
to all the Saxon kings of England &om Egbert the Great, but 
the earliest English sovereign for whose armorial insignia we 
have contemporary authority, is Richard Coeur-de-Lion. Those 
of his predecessors, beginning with the Conqueror, are 
here given, but from tradition only'. 

William I. Oules, two lions (or leopards*) pas- 
sant gardant in pale or. 

William II. The same. 

Henrt I. The same. 

Stephen. He is said to have borne the same arms, but 
more frequently to have used three Sagittarii, because 
he ascended the throne when the sun was in the sign j 
of Sagittarius. His arms are thus described by 
Nicholas Upton: "Scutum rubeum, in quo habuit 
trium Iconum peditautium corpora, usque ad coUum, 
cum corporibus humanis superius, ad modum signi 

' The BADOEi amiTned by English tt length by Ansds (Reg. of the Gxrtcr, 

MTcreigna will be found nnder tW toI. i. p. 245.) and ntlier heraldic writen. 

head. The tnitbii.lhat IbeleopiiTdofhenldrr. 

■ Th« qaeation Hhethcr th<> anna o( tad the lion puMDt gudant, ue identi- 

Engluid ire lioni or leopordi i« treated cal. 



18 ARMS (ROYAL.) 

Sagittarii, de auro^'^ The arms of Stephen are sometimes 
represented with but one Sagittarius. Brook and Milles thus 
describe them, but without giving any authority. It is not un- 
likely that he bore two lions for his arms, and that the Sagit- 
tarius was his device or cognizance. 

Henrt II. Until about two years before his accession he 
bore the same arms as Henry I., but upon his marriage with 
Eleanor, daughter and heiress of William V., duke of Aquitaine 
and Guyenne, he added her arms, which were gules, a lion 
passant gardant or, to his own, making them gules, three lions 
passant gardant in pale or, which have continued to the present 
day to be the insignia of the kingdom of England^. 

Some continental coins of this king are impressed with a lion 
or leopard. 

Richard I. His first great seal, which he used before his 
expedition to Palestine, has a shield upon it, of 
which only the dexter half is visible ; that half has 
a lion counter-rampant, (See Shields,) from which 
it may be inferred that if the whole shield could 
be seen the arms would be two lions combatant. 
This is the earliest great seal with arms upon it. 
His second great seal has three lions passant gardant in pale. 

John. The same as those last mentioned. Great m 
seal. I 

Henry III. The same. Authorities : his great 
seals, and an emblazoned shield remaining in the 
south aisle of Westminster abbey, which was com- 
pleted in his time. 

In 1235 the emperor Frederick II. sent K. Henry three 
leopards, in token of his armorial bearings. 

' De Officio Militftri, lib. iv. Richard and John, each during his 
" It is remarkable that all these lions father's life bore two lions. Richard bore 
are the insignia of territories which have them combatant, and John passant gar- 
long since been separated from the crown dant, though some have said that he bore 
of England. The first is said to denote his father's arms with a bendlet azure. 
Normandy, the second Poictouy or Maine, Richard did not alter his arms for some 
and the third (as stated above) Aquitaine, time after his accession to the throne. 
The sons and successors of Hen. II., 





ARMS (ROYAL.) 19 

Edward I. The same. Authorities: great seal, and private 
seal. 

Edwabd II. The same. Great seal. 

Edwaed III. For some years after hie accession he bore 
the same arms, as hia earlier great seals testify ; but in 1340 he 
asaomed the following, which appear for the first time upon 
a great seal engraved abroad : — 

Qoarterlf, I. and IV. azure, sem^ of fleurs- 
de-lis or; France ancient. — II. and HI. Eng- 
land, as before*. 

Crest, (upon the same seal,) a liou passant 
gardant on a chapeau. In 1335, K. Edward is 
said to have given " Am own crest, an eagle," to William 
Montacute, earl of Salisbury. 

Supporters are attributed to this king, but upon somewhat 
doubtful authority. They are a lion gardant crowned or, aud 
an eagle or falcon with expanded wings, argent, membcred (and 
as some say, crowned) or^. 

Another authority attributes the following supporters to this 
king. A lion proper, armed azure, langued gules, and a falcon 
proper'. 

Richard II. Arms, the same. Authorities : great seal, and 
a shield carved upon the north front of Westminster hall. 
Sandford remarks that " in his eecocheona of glass of bis arms 
set up in his time, and now in being in the west window of the 
abbey of Shrewsbury, and of several princes of the royal house 
there also depicted with their distinctions, the arms of England 
are placed in the dexter quarter, as also in an east window of 
the north isle of Christ Church, in tiondon, there remaining 
till the late dreadful fire, anno 1666"." 

Towards the end of his reign he often impaled the arms of 
hia patron saint, Edward the Confessor, (azure, a cross patonce 

I Ai ■overeigni of the Order of the latter. 

Oarter, the kings of Engluid have same- ' MS. HuL 1073. 

times impaled their anna with those of ' MS. Harl. 304. 

S. George, giving (he dexter aide to the ■ Gencalo^cal history, p. 191. 




20 ARMS (ROYAL.) 

between fire martlets or,) upon the dexter side of the above, as 
in a window of S. MichaeFs church, Coventry^. 

His arms thus impaled, and having for supporters white 
harts, attired, collared, and chained or, for- 
merly existed in a north window of the 
church of S. Olave, in the Jewry, London^. 
A lion gardant and a hart, and also two 
antelopes, are likewise attributed to him. 

The king's banner, as represented upon 
the sepulchral brass of Sir Simon de Fel- 
brigge, K. G. " vexillarius illustrissimi dni r^is Ricardi scdi,'' at 
Felbrigge church, Norfolk, also bears the arms impaled in the 
same manner, and a shield thus arranged remained in Sandford's 
time in a south window of the church of S. Bartholomew the 
Less, London. The same practice is referred to several times in 
the wardrobe accompts of the 22nd year of this king, (1398-9,) 
•when several articles were embroidered ^'de armis sancti Edwardi 
et domini regis nunc partitis.^' 

Henrt IV. Arms, France ancient and England quarterly, 
as before. Great seal. 

His supporters are said to have been an antelope argent 
ducally gorged, lined, and attired or, and a swan argent. The 
former for the earldom of Derby, the latter for that of Hereford. 
These were unquestionably badges of Hen. V., but their use 
as the supporters of the arms of Hen. IV. is doubtful. Other 
writers mention a lion and antelope as his supporters, but upon 
no better authority. 

Henry V. Arms. Charles VI. of France, having reduced the 
number of fleurs-de-lis in the arms of that kingdom to three, 
Henry V. (before his accession) and his successors followed the 

^ Dugdale's Warwickshire, p. 111. wh^e, his arms are supported by aogels, 

* MS. Lansdowne, 874. Br. Mus. It which (if not rather ornamental than 

will be noticed that in this instance the heraldic) were possibly intended to denote 

arms of France have but three fleurs-de- his claim to the crown of France, being 

lis, which seems to prove that the arms the supporters to the royal arms of that 

were not set up during K. Richard^s life- kingdom, 
time. At Westminster hall, and else- 



ARMS (ROYAL.) 21 

example, bearing, qoarterl; I. and IV., azure, three fleurs-de-lis 
or; FaANCB taodem; and II. and III. England, as before. 
Autbority : great seal 

Stqfportera. A lion gardant, (crowned?) and an aDteloi>e. 
Somewhat doubtftil. 

Henkt VI. Arms, the same. Great seal. 

Supporters. Two antelopes argent, attired, un- 
gnled, and spotted or; gorged with crowns. 
Authorities: stained glass at Ockwells, Berks; I 

(see woodcut;) roof of the south aisle of S. 
Geoi^s chapel, Windsor ; upper part of the 
inner gateway of Eton college. The ainister sup- 
porter is sometimes a panther rampant or, in- 
censed proper, and sem^ of roundles alternately 
sa. gu. az. and vert. Others give a lion end a 
hart, or antelope. There are instances of tbe 
shield being supported by angels, but tbey are probably to be 
considered rather as religious symbols than heraldic ornaments. 

Motto. 9ftu rt mon Dtoit. Stained glass at Ockwells. 

Edwabd IV. Armt. The same. Great seal. 

Supporters. A lion rampant argent, 
(for the earldom of March,) and a 
bull sable, armed and unguled or, (for 
the honour of Clake.) 

These supporters (untinctured) are | 
carved npou the front of the George 
Inn, Glastonbury. .^^___ _ 

A bull and a lion. Authorities : sculpture over the gate of 
Hertford Castle, (see the figure,) and stained glass in Trinity 
church, Chester. 

A lion argent, and a white hart 
attired, unguled, ducally gorged, and 
chained or. A painting near the 
tombof01iverKing,bi9hopofExeter, < 
in S. George's chapel, Windsor. See 
the second cut. 



22 ARMS (ROYAL.) 

A MS. in the old royal library at tlie British Museum has 
the arms encircled by the garter'': crest, upon a chapeau gules, 
turned up white, (placed upon a royal helmet,) a lion passant 
gardant or, having a fleur-de-Iia of the last standing upon his 
back. The mantling (which is much jagged) is gules lined with 
white. Supporters: two lions argent. The same supporters 
were over the old library gateway at Cambridge. 

Motto. Bfni tt noit Dtoit. Authority : the Shrewsbury book, 
circ. 1445. (Eoyal MS. 15. E. vi. Brit Mm.) 

Edward Y. Amu. The same. Great seal. 

Supportere. A lion argent, and a hind (?) of the same, un- 
guled or. Authori^ : a painting opposite the tomb of Bishop 
King, at Windsor. 

A lion or, and another ai^nt. 

Richard III. Amu. The same. Authority : his great seal. 

Cregts. Upon a roll in the College of Arms is the figure of 
K. Bichard surrounded by six crests, upon as many mantled 
helmets*. These crests are as follows : — 

1. A cross patonce or, out of a ducal crown. S, Edward. 

2. A lion or, upon a chapeau. Er^lartd. 

8. A fleur-de-lis or, out of a ducal crown. Fr<mce, 

4. A wolf or, standing upon a cradle sable, out of a ducal 
crown. Walet. 

5. An oak slip proper, with an 
acorn or, out of a ducal crown. 
Gascoyne and Gvyenne. 

6. A harp or, out of a ducal crown. 
Irelaad. 

Supporters. Two white boars, 
armed, nnguled, and bristled or. 
Authority: MS. Bibl. Reg. Ant. 18. 
A, xii. (Brit. Mus.) 

•^ This is the euUMt iiutance which fint of Ueniy VIII., lunce which it has 

hoi been noticad of the royal anni being been uied aiiiiasl cDnstanll;. 
tunounded by the Garter. The eiriieat • Engraved in DaUaway'a Beseatchea, 

great leal apon which it appeara, ia the p. 133. 



ARMS (ROYAL.) 23 

A lioQ gardant crowned or, and a boar as above. 

Heney VII. Arms. The same. Great seal 

Sappoiierg. Two greyhoimds. A chimney-piece in the epi- 
scopal palace at Exeter. 

A dragon gnles, (being the ensign of his ancestor Cadwaladyr, 
the last king of the Britons,] and a 
greyhonnd argent, (for the house of 
York,) collared or, the collar charged 
with a rose gales, (the badge of the 
honse of Lancaster.) Authotity : a 
contemporary painting near the tomb 
of Bishop King at Windsor, (see wood- 
cat.) The greyhound is generally simply collared gnles. 

A greyhound and a dragon. Boss at Merton College, 
Oxford. 

Motto. SEtn tt mon tftoit. 

Henkt YIU. Amu, the same, within the garter and 
crowned. Two great seals. 

Supporters. A dragon and a greyhound. First seal. In 
MS. Bibl. Reg. (Brit. Mus.) 8 G. ra. 
is an illumination of his arms sup- 
ported by a red dragon, and a white 
greyhoand, with a blue collar fimbri- 
ated or, but he afterwards assumed a 
lion gardant or (in some instances . 
crowned) for his dexter supporter, and i 
placed the dragon on the sinister side. (J 
The annexed cut is copied &om a 
sculptured stone panel at Caerhaya, ' 
ComwaU. 

A lion or, and a greyhound argent. 

Handle Holme mentions as K. Henry's sinister supporter, a 
boll argent, crowned, horned and hoofed or, (MS. Harl. 3085,) 
and in another place, (MS. Harl. 2076,) a cock argent, combed, 
wattled, and armed or, holding in his beak a slip of flowers of 
the last, leaved vert. 



24 ARMS (ROYAL.) 

Motto. Bieu et moii btoin Often in Roman letters. 

Edward VI. Arms, and motto, the same. 

Supporters, A lion gardant crowned or, and a dragon gules. 

Mary. Upon her first great seal, made before her marriage 
with Philip II., king of Spain, the arms are the same as those 
of K. Edward VI.> crowned, but without the garter. After her 
marriage, the great seal bore the arms of the two sovereigns 
impaled. On the dexter side the arms of K. Philip, viz.« — ^per 
fess, the chief quarterly: I. and IV. coimter-quartered; 1. and 4. 
Gules, a castle triple-towered or; Castile: 2. and 3. argent, a 
lion rampant gules, (sometimes purpure and crowned or); Leon : 
II. and III. impaled, on the dexter side or, four pallets gules ; 
Arragon : the sinister per saltire, chief and base or, four pallets 
gules, flanks argent, on each an eagle displayed sable, crowned 
or; Sicily. And on a point in base between the two last 
quarters argent, a pomegranate erect, slipped, proper; Granada. 
The base quarterly : I. gules, a fess argent ; Austria modem : 
II. azure, three fleurs-de-lis or, within a bordure gobon^ argent 
and gules; Burgundy modem : III. or, four bendlets aziure, and 
a bordure gules; Burgundy ancient: IV. sable, a lion rampant 
or; Brabant. An escutcheon over these four last quarters im- 
paled : the dexter side or, a lion rampant sable ; Flanders ; and 
the sinister argent, an eagle displayed gules; Tyrol. The whole 
impaled with the arms of Q. Mary, viz. France and England 
quarterly, and ensigned with the crown of England. 

Upon another great seal of Philip and Mary, their arms are 
impaled, surrounded by the garter, and crowned. 

Supporters, A lion gardant crowned, and a greyhound, or 
sometimes a dragon, when alone, but when impaled with King 
Philip^s arms, an eagle and a lion^. 

Motto, DIEY ET MON DROIT, Or SOmetimCS VERITAS TEM- 
PORIS FILIA. 



> The tinctures are here supplied from actly as a king does. Her arms are not 

authentic sources, (like those of any other lady) to be home 

i> A reigning queen is entitled to bear upon a lozenge, but a shield, 
tlie royal helmet, crest, and mantle, ex- 



ARMS (ROYAL.) 



25 



Elizabeth. Arma. As Edw. Vrs.^ with garter and crown. 
Great seal^ 

Supporters. A lion gardant crowned, and a dragon, both or. 

A lion as before, and a greyhound. 

Motto. piEV ET MON DBOTT, or somctimes semper eadem. 

Jambs I. Arms. Quarterly; I. and lY. counter-quartered; 
1. and 4. France : 2. and 3. England : II. or, a lion rampant 
within a double tressure flory counter-flory gules, Scotland : 
III. azure, a harp or, stringed argent, Ireland. All within the 
garter and crowned. Authority : great seal^. 

The Supporters adopted by James I. and all his successors, 
are a lion gardant imperiaUy crowned or, and a unicorn argent, 
armed, unguled, crined, and gorged with an imperial crown ^, 
having a chain affixed to it, or. Two such unicorns were the 
supporters of the royal arms of Scotland. 

Mottos. BEATi FACTFici, aud sometimcs semper eadem. 

Charles L Arms and Supporters^ the same. 

Motto. DIEV ET MON DROIT. 

Charles II. The same^ 
James IL The same. 



* A singular but tasteful arrangement 
of her arms is engraved in Mr. Wille^ 
ment*s Begal Heraldry, from the MS. 
Harl. 6096. They are engraved nearly, 
if not precisely, in the same manner in an 
Atlas published during her reign, refer- 
ence to which is unfortunately mislaid. 

^ Nisbet says that K. James at first 
gave the precedence to Scotland as the 
more ancient monarchy, and that after a 
contest, the arms of England were allowed 
precedence in that country only. K. 
Charles II's. achievement is marshalled 
in conformity with tliis decision in Sir 
Geo. Mackenzie's Herauldrie, Edinb. 
1680. 

* The crown with which the unicorn is 
gorged varies, but is generally (at least 
from the time of James T.) the circle of 
the royal crown, ornamented with crosses 



pat6e aud fleurs-de-lis alternately. 

" The supporters upon the Exchequer 
seal of this sovereign are an antelope and 
stag, both ducally collared and chained. 

» The arms assumed by the two Crom- 
WELL8, as Lords Protectors of England, 
were the following :— quarterly I. and 
IV. argent, a cross gules, (being the cross 
of S. George,) for England : IL azure, 
a sal tire argent, (the arms of S. Andrew,) 
for ScoTL AN D : III. argent a saltire gules, 
(the arms of S. Patrick,) for Ireland: 
and on an escutcheon surtout sable, a lion 
rampant gardant argent for Cromwell. 
These arms are engraved upon the great 
seal of Richard Cromwell, with the royal 
helmet, mantle, and crest, and the crown 
imperial of these realms. Supporter*: a 
lion gardant croumed, and a horse having 
the wings and tail of a dragon. 



E 



26 ARMS (ROYAL.) 

William and Mary* The same arms, with those of Nassau^ 
(azure^ seme of billets and a lion rampant or,) on an escutcheon 
surtout. Great seal. Their arms are sometimes impaled : the 
dexter side as above; the sinister the same without the es- 
cutcheon of Nassau^. The whole within the garter. 

Supporters, The same. 

Motto. JE MEINTIEN DRAT. 

Anne. She at first bore the same arrns, kc., as those of 
K. James II., but upon the union with Scotland, in 1707, the 
royal arms were marshalled as follows: I. and IV. England and 
Scotland, impaled : II. France : III. Ireland. 

Motto. (By Earl Marshall's order dated Dec. 28, 1702.) 

SEMPER EADEM. 

George I. Arms. Quarterly; I. England and Scotland 
impaled: II.. France: III. Ireland: IY. Gules, two lions 
passant gardant in pale or, for Brunswick, impaled with or, 
seme of hearts gules, a lion rampant, azure, Luneburg, having 
the arms of ancient Saxony, viz., gules, a horse courant argent, 
ent^ en base, and in a shield surtout, gules, the crown of Charle- 
magne proper^ being the badge of the arch-treasurer of the holy 
Roman empire. This fourth quarter taken altogether is the 
arms of Hanover. 

Motto. DIEU ET MON DROIT. 

George II. The same. 

George III. The same, until Jan. 1, 1801, when, in conse- 
quence of an article in the treaty of Amiens, the arms of France 
were abandoned, and the royal arms arranged thus: — quarterly; 
I. and IY. England : II. Scotland : III. Ireland : and the 
arms formerly borne in the fourth quarter upon an escutcheon 
surtout cnsigned with the electoral bonnet. (See Bonnet 
E/ecforal.) 

" William no doubt placed the es- in the same manner. The other arrange* 

cutcheon of Nassau oyer the royal arms ment mentioned above, was of course 

of Great Britain as an elected king. The intended for the arms of William and 

German Emperors used to place their Mary as joint sovereigns, 
hereditary arms over the imperial eagle 



ARMS (ROYAL.) 27 

Hanover having in 1814 been declared a kingdom, the elec- 
toral bonnet was exchanged for a crown, in pursuance of a pro- 
clamation, dated June 8, 1816. (See Crown of Hanover,) 

Supporters and motto. The same. 

George IV. The same as the arms of Geo. III., after 
1816. 

William IV. The same. 

Victoria. Arms. Quarterly; L and IV. England: II. 
Scotland : III. Ireland. 

Supporters, motto, etc. as before. 

With respect to the practice of setting up the royal arms in 
churches, it may be observed that it appears to be sanctioned 
by custom only, and not required by lawJ*. Notices of a few 
examples are annexed in chronological order. 

" 5 P. and M. 1558.^' In Waltham abbey, upon the front of 
the organ gallery, which was erected in 1819, are the arms of 
Prance and England quarterly within the garter, and sur- 
mounted by a crown. The supporters, a lion crowned and a 
dragon, have both been gilt. Motto, dieu bt mon droit. The 
date is of rather doubtful authority, but the anas cannot be 
later than the reign of Elizabeth. 

James I. The arms of this monarch and his queen remain in 
the east window of Bisham church, Berks. 

Charles II. It appears from an item in the accompts of the 
parish of Wobum, Beds., that in 1662 the sum of £\. 12s. 6d. 
was paid for erasing "the rebePs arms'' and setting up the 
king's. (See also Febr. 1651 in the chronological table.) 

There are many examples of the arms of Charles II. in the 
London churches. They are generally carved and painted, — 
but there is one in stained glass in the west window of the 
church of S. Michael, Comhill^. 

William and Mary. East window, Lincoln's Inn chapel'. 

» Several letters on this subject ap- ' Engraved in Mr. "Willement's Regal 

peared in the Gentleman's Magazine for Heraldry. 
1840 and 41. ' Ibid. 



28 



ARMS (ROYAL)— ARROW. 



Anne. The arras of this sovereign^ set up in ''the memorable 
year of union^ 1707/* remain in a north window (immediately 
over the altar) in the church of S. Edmund the king, Lombard 
Street, London'. 

George I. East window, S. Katherine Cree, Loudon^. 

George II. In the lower part of the great west window of 
Westminster abbey, 1735*. 

George IY. Carred and painted, upon the altar-screen of 
S. Mark's, Clerkenwell, Middlesex, 1827. The situation of this 
example, though by no means singular, was the subject of some 
severe remarks in the Gentleman's Magazine shortly after- 
wards. 

Arondi. See Arrondi. 

Arras wise : said of a solid square charge set with one of its 
angles towards the spectator, and the top visible. 

ARRi]hRE : The back. Volant en arrih'e is a term proper for 
a bird or insect flying from the spectator upward. 

Arrondi : made round. 

Arrow : the ordinary position of an arrow is in pale, with the 
point downward, but to prevent the possibility 
of a mistake, it would be better always to men- 
tion it. Arrows are emblazoned as barbed or 
armed of the colour of their points, and flighted 
or feathered of that of their feathers : for ex- 
ample, vert an arrow in pale, point downwards, 
or, barbed and feathered argent. Standard 
O^cfordsh.'' 

When arrows are in bundles, such bundles are called sheaves 
of arrows, the number and position being in most cases men- 
tioned. 




* The churches erected between 1666 
and 1700 by Sir Christopher Wren, have 
for the most part about one third east- 
ward a raised step, forming a kind of 
chancel, which is filled with pews more 
elaborately carved than the others. On 
each side of the entrance into this chancel, 



the royal supporters, carved in oak, are 
very frequently placed upon the pews. 

' Engraved in Mr. Willement's Regal 
Heraldry. 

^ This is a canting coat. There was a 
particular kind of arrow called a stan- 
dard. 




ARROW— AVERLYE. 29 

A broad arrow differs from the above in the head, which re- 
sembles a pheon except in the omission of the jagged edge on 
the inside of the barbs. The head alone is sometimes meant '^. 

Ascendant : said of rays, flames, or smoke issuing upwards. 

Ascents, or Degrees : steps. 

Ashen Keys: the seed-vessels of the ash 
tree. Argent, three ashen keys vert between 
two couple-closes sable. Ashford, Devon. 

Aspect: a term expressive of the position 
of an animal, as in fiM aspect : full-faced, or 
affironte, in trian aspect : between passant and affironte. 

AsPECTANT : respecting each other. 

Aspersed : the same as semi, strewed, or powdered. 

AssAULTANT, or AssoUant : synonymous with Salient. 

Ass-CAMBL. See Allocamelus. 

Assis. See Sejant. 

Assumption, arms of. See Arms (V.) 

AssuRGENT : rising out of. 

Assyrian Goat. See Goat, Assyrian. 

AsTROiD : an ordinary mullet. 

AsuRE. See Azure. 

Atchievements. See Achievements. 

At Gaze : a term applicable to beasts of the stag kind, as 
statant gardant is to beasts of prey. 

Attire: clothing; also a single horn of a stag. Both the 
horns are commonly called a stag's attires, and are generally 
borne affixed to the scalp. The word attired is used when stags 
and other beasts of the kind are spoken of, because it is sup- 
posed that their horns are given them as ornaments, and not as 
weapons. 

Avellane cross. See Cross AveUane. 

Ayerdant : covered with green herbage : applied chiefly to a 
mount in base. 

AvERLYE. See Sem£. 

* After all it is doubtful whether this common arrow. The pheon is sometimes 
is not an accidental yariation from the home shafted and feathered. 



80 AVERSANT— AUGMENTATION. 

AvERSANT^ or Dorsed : said of a hand of which the back only 
is seen. 

Augmentation: an additional charge^ granted to a person 
hj his sovereign as a special mark of honour. Such marks 
frequently consist of portions of the royal arms, as lions, or of 
roses, that flower being one of the royal badges* 

Richard II., is the first EngUsh sovereign who is known to 
have granted augmentations of arms to his subjects. Having 
added the arms of S. Edward the Confessor to his own (See 
Arms, royal, Rich. II.) he granted the same (in 1394?) to 
Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk, to be impaled by him in 
the same manner. One of the charges brought against this 
nobleman's descendant, Henry Howard, earl of Surrey, in the 
reign of Henry VIII., was the bearing of this augmentation, 
which, it was alleged, implied a claim to the crown. King 
Richard also gave the same arms with a bordure ermine, to 
Thomas Holland, duke of Surrey, and earl of Kent, 

The augmentation of arms granted by K. Henry VIII., to 
Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk, for his victory over the 
Scots at Bramston, or Flodden-field, where James IV., king of 
Scotland fell, (Sep. 9, 1513,) is an escutcheon or, charged with a 
demi-lion rampant, pierced through the month with an arrow, 
within a double tressure flory counter-flory gules. It will be 
observed that this augmentation bears a considerable resem- 
blance to the arms of the vanquished king. 

K. Henry granted an augmentation to the family of Seymour, 
upon his marriage with his third queen, Jane, in 1536. It is or, 
upon a pile gules, between six fleurs-de-lis azure, three lions 
passant gardant in pale or, and is generally borne quarterly 
with their paternal coat, in the first and fourth quarters. 

Sir Stephen Fox, who faithfully served K. Charles II. during 
his exile in France, was very appropriately rewarded with a 
canton azure, charged with a fleur-de-lis or, being a portion of 
the insignia of that kingdom. 

Anciently the chief, the quarter, the canton, the gyron, the 
pile, flasques, and the inescutcheon, were the figures which. 



AUGxMENTATION— AXE (CHIPPING.) 



31 



being chai^edj were most frequently granted as augmentations 
of honour. In modem times the chief and canton are generally 
used. 

Many of the augmentations granted for naval and military 
services about the commencement of the present century, are so 
absurdly confused, that all the terms of heraldry cannot intel- 
ligibly describe them. Indeed they sometimes rather resemble 
sea views and landscapes than armorial bearings. 

Foreign sovereigns have occasionally granted augmentations 
to British subjects. In 1627 Gustavus Adolphus, king of 
Sweden, knighted Sir Henry Saint George (who was sent to 
him with the Gturter), and gave him the arms of Sweden (azure, 
three crowns or) to be borne in an inescutcheon ; and the king 
of Prussia, and the prince of Orange, conferred certain augmen- 
tations of arms upon the earl of Malmesbury, which K. George 
m. gave him permission to assume in 1789. 

AuLNED, or Bearded: words used when ears of com are 
spoken of. 

Aunt. See GuttA (Tor. 
AuRiTLAMMB. See Oriflamme. 
AwNED. See Aulned. 

Axe : (fig.l .) thecommon hatchet, 
which must not be confounded with 
those which follow. 
Battle-axe: (fig. 2.) 
Azure, a battle-axe in pale or, 
headed argent. Oldhixon, of Old- 2\ 
mixon, Somerset. 

Brick,oT Bricklayers' -axe: (fig.3.) 
a charge in the armorial insignia 
of the company of Bricklayers and 
Tilers, of London. 
Broad axe : (fig. 4.) 

Azure, three broad axes argent. Wright, Scotland. 
CMpping-axe : (fig. 5.) this occurs in the arms of 
the extinct company of Marblers. 






32 



AXE (DANISH)— BADGE. 



Danish aaee ; probably so called because it occurs 
in the royal arms of that kingdom, in which it is 
drawn like a Lochabar axe, but some apply the name 
to an axe whose blade is notched at the back, like 
that represented in the woodcut : (fig. 6.) See also 
Hatchet, Danish. 

The Lochabar axe (fig. 7.) has a curved 
handle and a very broad blade. 

Pick-axe. See Pick-axe. 

Pole-axe. See Halbert. 

Slaughter-axe: (fig.8.) such an axe occurs 
in the arms of the Butchers' Company. 

Aylet. See Chough, Cornish. 

Ayrant. See Eyrant. 
AsuRE : bright blue, sometimes called Inde 
from the sapphire, which is found in the east. 
Hjemlda who blason by planets call it Jupiter, 
and when the names of jewels are employed, it 
is called Sapphire, Engravers represent it by 
an indefinite number of horizontal lines. 








ACHELOR, Knight. See Knight Bachelor. 

Badge, or Cognizance: a mark of distinction 
somewhat similar to a crest, but not placed on a 
wreath, nor worn upon the helmet. It was often, 
and is still occasionally embroidered upon the sleeves of ser- 
vants and followers. 

The badges borne by the Kings of England, so far as it has 
been possible to collect them, are as follows^ : 

TLbt )9ouj{e of ^lantagdtrt 

used the broom plant [planta genista) from which they derived 
their name. It occurs on the two great seals of Richard I. 
See Planta Genista. 

y The royal supporters have often been uaed as badges. For tl em see Arms, roytU, 



BADGE. 33 

Another badge of this house was a genet passing between two 
broom-trees. (MS. Harl. 6085.) Edward IV. gave this to his 
illegitimate son Arthur Plantagenet (whom Henry YIII. created 
Viscount Lisle) for a crest. 

Stephen. A Sagittary? {See Arub Royal.) 

Ostrich feathers in plume^ with the motto vis nulla inver- 

TITUR ORDO. GttUUm. 

Henrt II. An escarbnncle or, the ancient device of the 
house of Anjou. Sir Geo. Mackenzie in MS. Harl. 3740. 

A sword and olive-branch, with the motto utrumque. Sir 
Bobert Cotton*. 

Richard I. A star (probably that of Bethlehem) issuing 
firom between the horns of a crescent ; perhaps 
symbolical of the ascendancy of Christianity 
over the errors of Mahommedanism*. This 
device appears on his first great seal. 

A star of many points, and a crescent, sepa- 
rately. Second great seal. 

AlU armed arm holding a shivered lance. Sir Bob. Cotton. 

A sun on two anchors, with the motto christo duce. 
Guillim. 

John. A star between the horns of a crescent. This is on a 
silver penny of K. John. 

Hen ry III. A star between the horns of a crescent. Great seal . 

Edward I. A rose or, stalked proper. MS. Harl. 304. 

Edward II. A hexagonal castle with a tower thereupon. 
Great seal. This is an allusion to his descent (on his mother's 
side) from the house of Castile. 

Edward III. Bays proper descending from clouds argent. 
Camden. 

* In Hearne*s <<Discounet of Eminent Amongst the lymbolt upon the vaulting 
Antiquariefl." Vol. i. p. 112. of the Temple church, Londoni is one 

* Such, it 18 probahle, was the meaning nearly similar, yiz. a cross standing 
attached to this device by the crusaders, upon a crescent, on each side of the 
but that such was not its primary mean- former, a star. The signification of this 
ing is evident, from the fact that it ap- is evident, and it was doubtless copied 
pears upon coins of pagan Greece, from some existing authority. 





34 BADGE. 

The stump of a tree eradicated^ couped, or^ with two sprigs 
issuing therefrom vert. MS. Harl. 1073. 

An ostrich feather. MS. Harl. 804. 

A falcon : hence the title of a herald supposed to have been 
appointed by this king. 

A griffin : private seal mentioned by Rymer^ v. 106. 

A sword erects enfiled with three open crowns upon a chapeau. 
MS. Harl. 1471. 

Richard II. The sun in splendour. MS. 
Harl. 1319. 

The same behind a cloud. Embroidered 
upon the robe of his effigy at Westminster. 

A peascod (or broom?) branchy the cods 
open^ but without peas. Upon the same. 

A white hart couchant on a mount under a tree proper^ 
gorged with a crown^ and chained or. He in- 
herited this badge from his mother Joan, called 
the fair maid of Kent, daughter, and at length 
sole heiress of Edmund Plantagenet, surnamed 
of Woodstock, earl of that county. West- 
minster Hall, (whence the annexed woodcut is 
taken,) and a window in the chapel of St. Michael, Canterbury 
cathedral. 

The stump of a tree as before. This perhaps also alluded to 
his maternal descent, being probably a rebus of the name Wood- 
stock. 

A white falcon. HoUingshed. 

"lie Sine of Zancatfter. 

A red rose. . 

The same, en soleil ? /^'^^kli^ 

The collar of SS. -#^^^^= 

Henry IV. A genet. Upon his tomb at ^^^^^^^^ 
Canterbury. ^^^^p^ 

An eagle displayed or. The same. ™ 




BADGE. 

The tail of a fox pendent. Camden's Remains. 

Crescents. HoUingsbed. 

Panthers and eagles crowned. MS. Harl. 379. 

See also his supporters under A&ms Rm/al. 

HENRy V. A beacon or, inflamed proper. 

An antelope gorged with a crown, and chained. 

A swan adorned in the same manner. 

The annexed representation of all 
these badges united, is taken from the ^ 
scnlpturedcomiceof K. Henry's chantry 4 
at Westminster. 



Henkt VI. Two feathers in saltire, the sinister argent, sur- 
mounted of the dexter or. MS. Bibl. Beg. Ant. (Br. Mus.) 
18. C. xvii. 

An antelope, generally collared and chained. 

A panther passant gunrdant, spotted with many colours and 
incensed. This belonged to the Beauforts. MS. Harl. 6085. 

Two white feathers in saltire? 

Zi)t Zini of ¥orfi. 

A white rose. 
. The same en soleil. MS. Bibl. Beg. Antiq. 
(Br. Mas.) 14. E. i." Another example exists 
beside the statue of K. Edward IV. over the 
western portal of the chapel of Magdalene 
College, Oxford, c. 1481. 

Edwabd IV, A falcon displayed argent, within a closed 
fetterlock or, for the dukedom of York. The 
example is taken from the brazen gates of 
K. Henry VII.'s chapel at Westminster. 

A bull sable, for the earldom of Clare, or 
Clarence. 

A dragon sable, with gold claws, (sometimes crowned,) for the 
earldom of Ulster. 

^ The badge ii indrpendeut of the quatreToil, motto, etc., jilaced iround it. 



36 



BADGE. 



The sun in splendour. "Before the Battel [at Mortimer's 
cross, on Candlemas day, 1460] it is said the sun appeared to the 
earl of March [afterwards king, by the name of Edward IV.] 
like three suns, and suddenly it joyned altogether in one ; for 
which cause some, imagine that he gave the sun in its full 
brightness for his badge or cognizance^/' 

At the battle of Bamet, April 14, 1471, "a strange misfortune 
happened to the earl of Oxford [John Vere] and his men, for 
they having a star with streams [a mullet] on their liveries, as 
King Edward's men had the sun; and the earl of Warwick's 
men, by reason of the mist not well discerning the badges so 
like, shot at the Earl of Oxford's men that were on their part<>." 

A white hart, as used by Richard IL 

A white wolf, in token of his descent from the house of Mor- 
timer. MS. Lansdown, 870. 

Edward Y. The falcon and fetterlock as before. Painting 
opposite the tomb of Bp. King at Windsor. 

Richard 111. A rose and sun, either separately (Great Seal) 
or the former within the latter. 

A falcon with the head of a maiden hold- 
ing the white rose. Sculpture in the Somer- 
set chapel, Windsor. 




Kit )^ou5(e of VuDor. 

The red and white roses variously united, 
pale, sometimes quarterly*, but generally one 
within the other. 

The roses separately : often crowned. 

The portcullis, in allusion to their descent 
from the Beauforts. They sometimes added 
the motto altera securitas. See Port- 
cullis. 



Sometimes per 




" Sir Rd. Baker. Chronicle, p. 197. 

d Ibid., p. 211. 

* The example nearly resembles an 



illumination in a MS. marked 16. F. 2. 
in the old royal libnury at the British 
Museum. 



BADGE. 37 

A fleor-de-lis, for tUe kingdom of France. 

Hbkry VII. A hawthorn buah fructed and 
ro7ally crowBed proper between the letters H R or. 
Tradition says that K. Richard's crown wks found 
in a hawthorn bush after the battle of BoBworth 
field. The figure is from a quany in a window oi 
K. Henry's chapel at Westminster. 

A red dragon, as descended from Cadawaladyr. 

A dun cow, which be claimed in token of descent from the 
famous Guy, earl of Warwick. Shortly after the battle of 
Boswortb " he took his journey towards London, where at his 
approaching near the city . . the mayor . . and . . sheriff, with 
other principal citizens, met him at Shoreditch, and in great 
state brought him to the Cathedral Church of Saint Paul, where 
he offered three standards : in one was the image of St. Geoi^j 
in the other was a red fiery Dragon, beaten upon white and 
green sarcenet [the livery colours of the House of Tudor] ; in 
the third was painted a dtm cow, upon yellow Tartem^" 

A greyhound current, collared, as duke of York, or as Wille- 
ment conjectures, in token of descent from the house of Beau- 
fort. 

Henrt VIII. The white greyhound as before. 

Katherine of Arrt^on, his first queen, daughter 
of Ferdinand VI. king of Spain, used the badge 
of a pomegranate buret open, conjoined with the 
red and white roses. MS. Bibl. Reg. Antiq. 
(Mus. Brit.) 8. G. vii. 

Also a sheaf of arrows. In a wiudow of 
Yamton church, Oxfordshire, is a double white 
rose crowned, behind which are nine arrows, one in pale, the 
rest starwise, points downward, or, feathered ai^nt. This is 
evidently a combination of the last-meutioued badge with one 
of the king's. 

Anna Boleyn, K. Henry's second wife also, had a cognizance, 

which appears in the initial letter of her patent as Marchioness 

' B&ker'i Chronicle, p. 336. 



88 



BADOE. 




The annexed 




of Pembroke. It consists of a stump <^ a tree 
couped and erased or^ thereon a falcon argent^ 
crowned with the royal crown^ and holding a 
sceptre proper : before him a bunch of flowers 
issuing from the stump, some gules, some argent, 
all stalked yert. 

Jane Seymour, third queen of Henry VIII. 
badge is emblazoned upon a grant of certain 
lands to her, (dated June I, 1536,) in the 
possession of the duke of Somerset,^ whose 
crest^ it may be observed, is a part of this 
badge, viz. a phoenix or, in flames, issuing from 
a ducal coronet proper. The tinctures of the 
badge are as follows: — ^The walls argent, the 
ground vert, the tree of the same fructed gules, the phoenix or, 
in flames proper, and the roses alternately white 
and red. 

Katherine Partes badge was a maiden-head 
royally crowned proper, crined and vested or, 
conjoined to a part of a triple rose, red, white, 
and red. MS. in Coll. Arm. L. 14. fol. 105. 

Edward YI. The sun in splendour, with the motto idem 
PER DivERSA*^. Probably a temporary device or impress rather 
than an heraldic badge. 

Q. Mart. One of her badges seems to be a combination, or 
rather impalement of those of her parents. It 
may be described as the dexter half of a double 
rose (gules upon argent) barbed and seeded 
proper, impaled with a semicircle, per pale, 
vert and azure^ therein a sheaf of arrows or, 
armed and feathered of the second, and tied 
together with a tasselled cord (forming a knot) of the first. 
The whole rayonnant and ensigned with a royal crown without 
arches, proper. This badge occurs in a MS. in the College of 
Arms. 

t Sir Robert Cotton, in Hearne's Discourses, vol. i. p. II 2. 





BADGE. 39 

The roses and pomegranate as borne by her mother. 

The pomegranate alone. 

Q. Elizabbtu. a harp or^ stringed argent^ ensigned with 
the crown royal, for Ireland. 

A rose with the motto rosa sinb spina. This is upon some 
of her coins. She is also said to have used the badge which 
belonged to her mother. 

)^u0e of ibtttart 

The roses, both united (one within another) and separate, for 
England. These, as well as the other badges, were now almost 
always crowned. 

The fleur-de-lis, for France. 

A thistle slipped and leaved, for Scotland. 

A rose and thistle impaled by dimidation. 

The harp, for Ireland. 

i^oujte of Vtun0fo(ci(. 

The roses, fleur-de-lis^, thistle, and harp, as before. 

Oeo&os III., and his successors. 

The present royal badges, as settled by sign manual in 1801, 
are as follows : — 

A white rose within a red one, barbed, seeded, slipped, and 
leaved proper, and ensigned with the imperial crown, for England. 

A thistle, slipped and leaved proper, and ensigned with the 
imperial crown, for Scotland. 

A harp or, stringed argent, and a trefoil vert, both ensigned 
as before, for Ireland. 

Upon a mount vert, a dragon passant, wings expanded and 
endorsed, gules, for Wales. See Arms, Royal, Hen. VII. 

Other badges, said to belong to Wales, though not now in 
use, are : — 

A golden castle. (MSS. HarL 1471 and 2166.) And 

A cock gules, crowned or. MS. Harl. 304.^ 

** Until 1801. are extracted from Mr. Willemcnt's valu- 

' Many particulars in the above article able work entitled '* Regal Heraldry." 



40 BADGE— BADGER. 

In the first crusade, the Soots, according to Sir George 
Mackenzie, were distinguished by the cross of S. Andrew, the 
French by a white cross, the English by one of gold, the 
Germans by a black cross, and the Italians by a blue one. The 
Spaniards, according to Columbiere, bore a red one, which in 
the third crusade (A.D. 1189) was appropriated by the French, 
the Flemings using a green cross, and the English a white one^. 
The adherents of Simon Montfort, the rebellious earl of Leicester, 
assumed the latter as their distinguishing mark, thus making 
the national cognizance the badge of a faction. 

. The cross of S. George has been the badge, both of our kings 
and the nation, at least from the time of Edward III. Its use 
was for a while nearly superseded by the roses, but revived upon 
the termination of the wars between the rival houses. It still 
continues to adorn the banner of England. 

The king's badge was formerly worn only by his own retainers, 
and the men of free corporations, which is probably the reason 
why the city of London bears the red cross. The sword which 
has been added is the symbol of S. Paul, the patron of the city. 

From about the time of Richard II. badges have been occa- 
sionally borne by subjects. This practice is alluded to by 
Shakspere, who confounds the cognizance (as some professed 
heraldic writers have done) with the crest. 

OU Clifford, 



Might I but know thee by thy household badge, 
Warwich, — Now by my father^s badge, old NeviVs crest. 

The rampant bear chained to the ragged staff, etc. * 

The Percies have a crescent for their badge, and the Verbs, 
as we have already seen, used a mullet. The Hame of Saint- 
John will be found in its alphabetical order, and the cognizances 
of several other families under Knots. 

Badger : in blazon this animal is often called a Gray, and 

k Matth. Paris, ed. Wats. p. 146. of Neville, but of the Beauchamps, whe 

> Hen. VI. pt 2. act v. sc. 2. The preceded him in the earldom, 
bear and ragged staff were not the badge 



BADGER— BANDED. 41 

occanonally a Brock. In allusion to tbe latter name it is borne 
by the name of Brooke. 

Bao op Maddxk. The arms of the com- , 

pany of Dvias of London are sable, a 
cheTTOii engrailed argent, between three 
bags of madder of the last, corded or. 
Madder is a plant used in dying. 

Baqfifeb. Argent, three bares sejant playing upon bagpipes 
gnles. HopwBLL, Devon. 

Argent, three hares sejant gules, play- 
ing upon bagpipes or. Fitz-krrald. 

A hare is represented playing upon the 
bagpipes in MS. Harl. 6563. written in 
the fourteenth century, in which is 
ako a figure of a cat similarly engaged. 
The former is here given in the absence of 
any ancient delineation of the arms of Hopwell or Fitz-ereald. 

Baowtn : an imaginary beast like the heraldic antelope, but 
having tbe tail of a horse, and long boms curved over the ears. 
It was the dexter supporter of tbe arms of Carey, Lord 
Hunsdon. 

Balcanivsr, or Baldakmtfer, was tbe designation of tbe 
standard-bearer of the Knights Templars, Baldannm being a low 
Latin word for standard. 

Bale : a package of merchandize : it 
occnn in tbe arms of the company of Silk- 
men. 

Ball, j!re. See Fire-ball. 

B(Ul teutelled. Ai^ent, a chevron be- 
tween three baUs sable, with four tassels 
cot^oined to each crossways, or. Ball, Devon. 

Some blazon these charges, fire balls sable, fired in four places 
proper, which indeed seems more correct. 

Bands : the French term for a bend dexter. 

Bamded. "When a garb is bound together with a band of a 
different tincture, it is said to be banded of that tincture. 



42 



BANDEROLLE— BANNER . 




Banderolle. See Bannebolle. 
Bannee. 

" Be myn baner sleyn will y be." 

D. of York, in Lydgate'f Agincoart. 

In the old French Ban. The same word in the Teutonick 
signifies conspicuous^ public^ exalted. A banner is a square flag 
painted or embroidered with arms, and of a size proportioned to 
the rank of the bearer. The banner 
of an emperor was six feet square^ 
that of a king five feet, that of a 
prince or duke four feet, and that of 
a nobleman of any rank from mar- 
quess to knight banneret, (the lowest 
rank entitled to a banner,) three feet. 
Whether these rules were strictly ob- 
served is doubtful. Banners were 
often (but not, it would seem, until 
a rather late period) fringed with the 
principal metal and colour of the arms. 

The banners most frequently borne in the English army during 
the middle ages (besides those of knights bannerets and other 
noblemen) were that embroidered with the arms of the sovereign, 
and those of SS! George, Edmund, and Edward the Confessor, 
patrons of England. The former is alluded to by Ariosto : — 

'* Tu vedi ben quella bandiera grande 
Ch' insieme pou le fiordUig^ e i purdim." 

A red banner, charged with the symbol of the Holy Trinity, 
was borne at the battle of Agincourt, A.D. 1415. 

The banner of S. John of Beverley was borne in the English 
army 24 Edw. I. (1295) by one of the vicars of Beverley 
college. 

S. Cuthberf s banner was carried in the English army by a 
monk of Durham in the wars with Scotland, about 1300, and 
again upon the borders as late as 1513. 

A military banner may contain quarterings, but not impaled 
arms. 

« Orlando Furioso, canto x. stanza 76. 



BANNER— BAR. 48 

The banners of SS. Andrew^ Edmund^ Edward^ George^ and 
Patrick, will be found noticed under the names of those Saints. 

Funeral banner: a square flag whereon the arms of the 
deceased are painted upon a shield, with crest or coronet, but 
without helmet, mantle, or supporters. The colour of the banner 
itself follows the same rules as that of the grounds of achieve- 
ments. It is usually fringed with the principal metal and 
colour of the arms. 

The great banner y used at funerals, contains all the quarterings 
of the deceased, occupying the entire field, the edge being 
fringed. Funeral banners are not restricted to bannerets and 
persons of higher rank, but may be carried at the interment of 
any gentleman bearing arms, and even at the frmerals of women. 

Banneret. See Knight Banneret. 

Banverolle, or Banderolle: a flag usually about a yard 
square, several of which are carried at great funerals. They 
generally display the arms of the matches of the deceased's 
ancestors, especially of those which brought honours or estates 
into the family. In the case of a bishop, the banneroUes are 
painted with his arms impaled with those of the sees which he 
has successively occupied. These arms fill the entire flag, which 
is fringed with the principal metal and colour of the arms of the 
deceased. 

Bar : an ordinary resembling the fess in form, but occupying 
only one fifth of the field. It is not reckoned 
a diminutive of the fess, but a distinct ordi- 
nary. It is seldom (perhaps never) borne 
singly, and consequently is not confined, like 
the fess, to the middle of the shield. It 
has two diminutives, the closet which is 
half the bar, and the bamUet which is a 
quarter. As the bar occupies one fifth of 
the field, a greater number- than four cannot be borne together. 
When three or four bars are borne in the same arms, they are, 
for the sake of proportion, drawn considerably narrower than one 
fifth of the height of the shield. 





44 BAR— BARNACLE. 

Gules^ two bars or^ Harcourt^ Stanton Harcourt, Oxon. 

Argent^ two bars gales^ Mattduit^ Someford MauduU, Wilt$. 

Gules^ three bars ermine. Kyrkton. 

Gules^ four bars dancett^ argent. Totenham. 

Tn bar: a term signifying the horizontal arrangement of 
charges in two or more rows ; the term in /esse being proper 
only when there is but one row^ because 
it signifies placed across the fess-point. 

Bar-Kernel: bars-gemels are bars voided^ 
or closets placed in couples. They de- 
rive their name from the Latin gemellus^ 
double. 

Argent^ threebars-gemelssable. Ercall. 

Barbed: bearded; an expression chiefly applied to the five 
green leaves of a rose^ and to the point of an arrow. 

Barbel: a fresh water fish^ occurring in the arms of the 
duchy of Barre/ which are azure, seme of cross crosslets fitchy 
at foot or, and two barbels embowed and endorsed of the same, 
eyes argent. This is quartered by Queen's college, Cambridge. 

Argent, two barbels haurient, respecting each other sable, are 
the arms of Colston. 

Barnacle, or Barnacle goose: Gibbon mentions a ^'fowl which 
in barbarous Latine they call Bemicla, and more properly (from 
the Greek) Chenalopex : a creature well known in Scotland, yet 
rarely used in arms.'' He goes on to observe that he ''never met 
with it in any bearing, except only of Sir William Bernake, a 
knight banneret of Leicestershire, sub Edw. I., viz. argent, a 
fesse between three barnacles sable °." 

It is however borne by two families named 
Barnacle. The first bears sable, a barnacle 
goose argent ; the other azure, three barna- 
cles argent. 

Barnacle. Hone-barnacle, or Pair of 
barnacles: an instrument used by farriers 

^ Introductio ad Latinam blajioniam, known in Scotland as the cleg or dark 
p. 1. The barnacle is probably the bird goo«e. 




BARNACLE— BARONETS. 45 

to curb unruly horses. It is occasionally borne extended^ that 
is^ horizontally. 

Gules^ a barnacle argent. Wyatt^ Kent. 

Argent^ three pair of barnacles^ expanded in pale sable. 
Bray^ CamwaU, 

Baron : the fifth and lowest rank of the British peerage. 
The word seems to have been introduced into England at an 
early period^ and was applied originally to all the nobility. 
Barons^ according to Spelman^ were first made by the king's 
writ summoning them to parliament^ in the reign of John. 
The first baron by patent was John Beauchamp of Holt^ who 
was raised to the peerage by K. Richard II. in the eleventh year 
of his reign (Oct. 10. 1387.) by the title of baron of Kidder- 
minster. No other instance occurs until 10 Hen. YI.^ See 
Coronet. 

Baron and Femmb : husband and wife : these words are often 
employed in describing impalements. 

Baronets. 

i. baronets of great britain. 

An order founded by King James I. May 22^ 1611, for the 
encouragement of plantations in the province of Ulster. The 
dignity is bestowed by patent and is hereditary, but generally 
limited to the heirs male of the grantee. It was in the first 
instance bestowed upon knights and esquires, (being duly 
qualified,) each of whom stipulated to maintain thirty foot 
soldiers in Ireland at 8d. per diem for the term of two years. 
Upon the establishment of the order, it was arranged that the 
number of baronets should never exceed two hundred, and that 
upon the extinction of a baronetcy, no other should be created 
to fill the vacancy, but these regulations were soon dispensed 
with, and the nimiber became unlimited. 

The qualifications required of those who were admitted into 
the number of baronets, are thus described in the instructions of 

o For a comprehensive historical and writ, and by patent, see Sir N. H. Nico* 
legal account of Baronies by tenure, by las's Synopsis of the Peerage, vol i 



46 BARONETS. 

the royal founder to the commissioners^ for the admission of 
proper persons into the order : — " Men of quality^ state of 
livings and good reputation^ worthy of the same, ... at least 
descended of a grandfSftther by the father's side that bore arms, 
and [who] have also a certain yearly revenue in lands of 
inheritance of possession, one thousand pounds per annum de 
claro, or lands of the old rent, as good (in account) as one 
thousand pounds per annum of improved rents, or at the least 
two parts in three to be divided of lands to the said values in 
possession, and the other third part in reversion, expectant 
upon one only Kfe, holding by dower or in joynture.'' 

The precedence assigned to baronets is, before all knights 
bannerets, except those made by the king himself, or the prince 
of Wales under the royal banner in actual war, and next after 
the younger sons of viscounts and barons. 

The badge of baronetage (argent, a sinister hand, erect, open, 
and couped at the wrist gules ; being the arms 
of the province of Ulster) was granted in 1612. 
It may be borne upon a canton, or upon an 
inescutcheon, which may be placed either upon 
the middle chief point or the fess point, so as 
least to interfere with the charges composing 
the family arms. It should never be placed 
upon the intersection of two or more coats quartered, unless 
the baronet has two surnames, and bears the arms belonging 
to them quarterly. 

In the same year in which this badge was granted, K. James 
knighted the heirs of all existing baronets, and ordained that 
their eldest sons might for the future claim knighthood upon 
attaining their majority, but in all recent patents this clause 
has been omitted. 

II. BARONETS OF IRELAND. 

An order established by K. James I. in 1619. Their qualifi- 
cations, privileges, and badge, are the same as those of the 




BARONETS— BARRY. 47 

baronets of Oreat Britain. It is believed that this dignity has 
not been conferred since the union of 1801. 

III. BARONETS OF SCOTLAND AND NOVA SCOTIA. 

An order similar to those before mentioned^ projected by the 
same monarch, but founded by K. Charles I. in 1625, imme- 
diately after his accession. The object of this order was to 
encourage the plantation of Nova Scotia, in which colony each 
baronet had granted to him by his patent eighteen square 
miles of land, having a sea-coast, or at least the bank of some 
navigable river, three miles in length, and an extent of six miles 
inland. 

The arms of baronets of this order are not now distin- 
guished by any badge, although one appears to have been in use 
until the year 1629. No creations have taken place since 1707. 

< 

Barb. See Bar. 

Barre: the French term for a bend sinister. What the 
English call a Bar, they term Fasce en devise. 

Barrulet, Barrelety or Bracelet : a diminutive of the Bar, of 
which it is one fourth, that is to say, a twentieth part of the 
field. It is seldom or never borne singly. 

Barruletty : a term used by some writers in describing a 
field horizontally divided into ten or any higher even number of 
equal parts. Barry is however more generally used for any even 
nimiber. 

Barrt, or £arrtt/y. ''Barring.'* ChaucerP. 
A word denoting that the field is horizon- 
tally divided into a certain even number 
of equal parts. If the number of divisions 
were odd, the same tincture would appear 
in chief and in base, and the pieces of the 
other tincture would be so many bars. 

Barry of six, argent and azure. De Grey, 
Duke of Kent 

Barry of six, ermine and gules. Hussey, WUta, etc, 

» See under Indented. 




48 



BARRY. 





Barry bendy: a tenn used when a field 
is divided bar-wise and bend- wise also^ the 
tinctures being countercharged. Milles very 
improperly uses the term for per pale indented 
throughout, or barry pily. 

Barry bendy sinister is in like manner a 
combination of barry and bendy sinister. 

Barry bendy dexter and sinister is also 
called Barry lozengy\ and 

Barry indented, the one in the other. It is 
a bearing but seldom met with in English 
armory. Besides the names mentioned above, 
it is also called Lozengy couped per fess, 

Barry of six argent and sable, indented, 
the one in the other. Gisb, Ouisb, or Gysb 
Ghmc. 

Barry of — indented, the one in the other, or and azure, on 
a chief gules, three cross crosslets of the first. Mountaine, or 
MouNTEioNB of Westminster, granted 1613. Borne also by 
Oeorge Montaigne, archbishop of York, who died 1628. 

Barry lozengy. See the last. 

Barry pily : divided into an even number of pieces by piles 
placed horizontally across the shield. If 
the number of pieces were uneven, it 
would rather be called so many piles bar- 
wise, proceeding from the dexter or sinister 
side. It may also be called PUy of — pieces 
traverse, or Per pale, indented throughout, or 
again, so mKoy piles bar^taise, point in point, 
or counterplaced^, 

Barry pily of eight, gules and or. Holland, or Hotland, 
Line. 




4 This application of the term is de- 
cidedly incorrect In Barry Iwengy only 
each alternate row of losenges should be 
parted per fess. 

' When the points do not quite reach 



the sides of the escutcheon perhaps the 
best blazon is per jKde indented per long, 
or per pale dancette. Many heralds say 
per pale indented only, but this is mani- 
festly wrong. 



BARS-GEMELS— BATH KING OF ARMS. 



49 




Bars-qemels. See Bar. 

Barwise : horizontally arranged in two or more rows. 

Base: the lower part of the shield. See Voihts of the escutcheon. 

Base^ Base-bar, or Baste : a portion of the base of a shield, 
equal in width to a bar, parted off by a horizontal line. It is 
identical with the plain point. 

Based, or Bas't. See the arms of Mortimer, under the head 
Esquire. 

Basilisk : a fictitious creature resembling the cockatrice, but 
having an additional head, (like that of a dragon,) at the end of 
the tail. It is sometimes called an amphisien cockatrice. 

Argent, a basilisk, wiugs endorsed, tail nowed, sable. Lano- 
LEY, Rathorpe Hall, Yorksh, 

Basket. Several kinds of baskets are used in 
arms. 

Sable, three baskets (like fig. 1, the ordinary 
shape) argent. Littlebury. 

Sable, a bend or, between six hand-baskets 

(fig. 2.) or. WOLSTON. 

Sable, three baskets argent, full of wastel cakes 
or, Milton or Middleton Abbey, Dorset^. 

Gules, three covered baskets or. Pentney 
Priory, Norf. 

Winnowing basket. See Vane. 

Basnet, or Basinet: properly a plain circular helmet re- 
sembling a basin. Argent a chevron gules, between three 
basnets proper, are the arms of Basnet. These are usudly 
drawn as esquires' helmets. 

Bast. See Based. 

Baste. See Point, ot plain point. 

Baston. See Baton. 

Bat. See Reremouse. 

Bath, Order of the. See Knights, Bath. 

Bath Kino of Arms. See Kings of Arms. 

* These baskets are in some instances fig. 1. but in the position of ftg. 2. 
drawn like fig. 3; in others nearly like 

H 



jfirr' 




50 



BATON— BEACON. 




S s 



••-^i^i 



Baton, BastoUy Battocm, or Batune; often called a Sinister 
baton, and by some (though erroneously) a 
Fissure : a diminutive of the Bend sinister^ 
of which it is one fourth in width. It 
resembles that ordinary in general form, 
but is couped at both extremities. The 
sinister baton is invariably a mark of the 
illegitimacy of the first bearer : it may be 
of metal when assigned to the illegitimate descendants of 
royalty, but must, in every other case, be of colour, even though 
placed upon another colour. It is said that the baton should 
not be laid aside until three generations have borne it, and not 
then, unless succeeded by some other mark assigned by the 
king of arms, or unless the coat is changed. Dexter batons 
are but rarely met with. One is mentioned under Arms. (V.) 

Cross baton. See Cross potent. 

Battering-ram : this charge occurs only in 
the arms of the family of Bertie, who bear 
argent, three battering-rams barwise proper, 
headed azure, armed and garnished or. 

Battle-axe. See Axe, Battle, 

Battled. See Embattled. 

Battoon, or Batune, See Baton. 

Bauceant. See Beauseant. 

Baudrick : a sword belt, which was one of the distinctions 
of a knight. It was no doubt the prototype of the Bend. 

Bauteroll. See Botteroll. 

Beacon : (from the Saxon Becan, 
discernible:) an iron cage or trivet, 
which being placed upon a lofty pole, 
served to guide travellers across un- 
frequented tracts of country, or to 
alarm the neighbourhood in case of an 
invasion or rebellion. The cressets, or 
lights anciently used in the streets of 
London and other large towns, were somewhat similar in form. 





BEACON— BELFRY. 



51 



The CoMPTON fiimily bear for their crest^ upon a wreath^ a 
mounts thereon a beacon inflamed^ all proper^ about the same a 
label (or scroll) inscribed nisi dominus^ 

Sable^ three beacons with ladders or^ fired proper. Daunt. 

Azure^ three beacons^ etc. as before. Gebvays. 

See also Badges^ Hen, V. and Fire-chest. 

Beakee. See Ewer. 

Bean-cod. Argent^ three bean-cods barways in pale proper. 
Hardbeanb^ Line, 

Bearded. See Aulned. 

Bearing: a charge: anything included within the escutcheon^ 
so called firom the old French formula " H portoit/' he beareth. 

Beauseant^ or Bauceanij was the name of the banner of the 
knights templars in the thirteenth century. It was an oblong 
flag^ per fess^ sable and argent^ one of the longer sides being 
affixed to the staff. 

Beauvoir. See Beaver. 

Beaver : the beast so called. It occurs in the insignia of the 
corporation of Beverley, Yorkshire. 

Beaver or Beauvoir : that part of the helmet which opens to 
shew the face. 

Bebally : a word used by some old 
writers for party per pale. 

Becqu£. Beaked. 

Bee, Gad. See Gad-bee. 

Bee-hive : argent a bee-hive, beset with 
bees diversely volant, sable, was granted to a 
Cheshire family named Rowe, during the 
Usurpation. 

Beetle : a maul. 

Beffroy, or Beffroy de vair : the French term for vair. 

Belfry: the crest of Porter. It has been blazoned a 




t From this motto, which is evidently 
a quotation from Ps. cxxvii 1, ("Except 
the Lord keep the city, the watchman 
waketh but in vain,'') it is likely that 
the Comptpn crest is intended for a light 



upon a watch tower. Iron frames for the 
purpose of holding fire were lately re- 
maining upon the church towers of Fon- 
taine, Normandy, and Hadley, Middle- 
sex. 



52 



BELFRY— BEND. 




cliurch-bell^ argent between two pillars roofed and spired or^ on 
the spire, a vane of the last. It is, however, one of those bear- 
ings of whose form no words can convey an exact idea. 

■ 

Belic : a word sometimes used for gules. 

Bell, or Church bell; to distinguish it from that 
which follows. Sable, three church bells argent are 
the coat of Porter. 

Bell, Hawk's. See Hawk's bell. 

Belled : an epithet applied to a hawk or falcon, 
having bells affixed to his legs. 

Bellows : argent, three pair of bellows sable, are the arms of 
SciPTON or Skipton. The bellows are of the usual form, and 
are borne with the pipes downwards. 

Belt, Hay^, or a Piece of a belt. A quarter belonging to the 
Pelham family is gules, two half belts in fess, argent, 
the buckles in chief. Some say this was given as an 
augmentation in memory of Sir John Pelham, taking 
John, king of France, prisoner at the battle of Poictiers, 
but that achievement appears to have been performed 
by a knight of JS. Omer's, named Dennis de Morbecque. 
It is quartered by his grace the duke of Newcastle. 

Bend [i. e. Bend dexter] : an ordinary probably derived from 
the Baltheus, Cingulum militare, or Baud- 
rick, which was often a mark of knighthood; 
but as bends are frequently raguly and en- 
grailed, many have supposed them to repre- 
sent scaling-ladders. According to Legh and 
other heraldic writers, the bend should occupy 
one third of the field when charged, and one 
fifth when plain. The latter proportion is 
however generally adopted whether the bend be charged or not. 

Bends were originally marks of cadency. " The first bend,'* 
says Sandford^ "which I find used, was that of Henry of 

• Genealogical History, p. 60. Ac- in 1199. If this be correct, Sandford 
cording to Yorke and others, K. John must have overlooked it 
bore the same arms before his accession 





BEND. 



53 



Lancaster, lord of Monmouth (and afterwards earl of Lan- 
caster) second son of Edmund [Crouchback] earl of Lancaster/' 
about 1310. He bore the arms of England surmounted by a 
bend, or rather bendlet, azure. That the bend was used as an 
ordinary charge not long after, appears from the arms of Petrus 
de MoLo Lacu, or Mawley, temp. Edw. III. which were or, a 
bend sable. Or, a bend gules, is borne by Cottell. 

A bend is sometimes charged upon the upper party as in the 
case of Howard's augmentation. This should be noticed, 
because when a bend is simply described as charged^ it signi- 
fies upon the centre or fess-point. All charges placed upon 
a bend, in bend, or between cottices, must not stand perpen- 
dicularly but bendwise. Even the furs follow this rule, although 
generally upright on all other ordinaries. With respect to the 
lines expressing tinctures, it should be observed that although 
different heralds have varied in their practice, the principle on 
which the lines are used seems to require that they should 
always be placed with reference to the entire shield. 

The diminutives of the bend are the bendlet, garter or gartier, 
which is half its width, the cost or cottice which is one fourth, 
and the riband which is one eighth. 

Bend debruised, removed or fracted, other- 
wise doumaet : a bend of this form is inserted 
in almost every English heraldic book, but 
it may be questioned whether it occurs in 
any coat of arms in this country. Perhaps 
the latter term is more applicable to a bend 
whose dexter side is fallen, the sinister 
remaining fixed. This is merely a conjec- 
ture founded on the generally recognised 
distinction between a chevron downset or 
rompu, and a chevron debruised'. 

Bend double dancette, or rather dotdfle 
downset. These terms are often erroneously 
applied to the bend last mentioned. 

* See the note under Fr acted. 





54 



BEND— BENDY. 



In bend is a term used when bearings are 
placed bendwise. See Icicle. 

Per bend. See Party. 

Bend Sinister : an ordinary resembling 
the Bend in form^ but extending firom the 
sinister chief to the dexter baise. Its diminu- 
tives are the Scarpe which is half its widths 
and the Baton which is half as wide as the 
Scarpe and couped. 

Bendlet: a diminutive of the bend, 
nominally half the width of that ordinary, 
though often much narrower. According 
to Ouillim, a single bendlet should be 
placed as in the sketch in the margin, 
which position however, is not observed in 
practice. A bendlet azure over a coat, was 
of old frequently used as a mark of ca- 
dency. 

Argent, a bendlet gules. Botrinoham. 
Another branch bears three bendlets. 

Or, two bendlets azure. Doylby, Oxford- 
shire, 

Bendlets are occasionally enhanced or 
placed in chief sinister, as in the arms of 
Byron : argent, three bendlets enhanced 
gules. 

Or, three bendlets enhanced gules. 
Grylls, Devon. 

Bendy: "Bending," Chaucer y. Said of 
a field or charge divided bendwise into an 
even* number of equal parts. 

Bendy of ten, or and azure. Mount- 
fort. 

Bendy of ten, argent and gules. Talbot. 

Bendy barry. See Barry bendy. 







* See under Indented. 



' For the reason of this see Barry. 



BENDY— BEZ ANTE. 



55 



Benify lozetiffff*^, and Bendg lozengy rimtter: lozengy, each 
lonenge being placed in bend, or in bend 
sinister. 

Bmdy paly, often erroneously called 
Lozengy bendy, is a combination of bendy 
and paly. 

Bendy paly** or and azure, a canton 
ermiae. Buck, (Bart.) lAnc. 

Bendy pily or pUy bendy : divided into an 
even number of pieces by piles placed bendwise across the 
escutcheon. (See Barry pily-) 

Bendy ainuter .- the same as Bendy, but drawn the con- 
trary way. 

BEQtri: Beaked. 

Bbklv : an ancient term for Barry. 

Bbzant, Beaant or Beaaunte: a roundlet or. It represents a 
coin of Byzantium, and should therefore be 
drawn flat. This, and all the other round- I 
lets, were probably introduced into English 
heraldry by the crusaders. The French 
term it BeaatU ^or, and the plate BesaiU 
d'argent. 

Oules, three bezants. Dynohah. 

Purpure, three bezants. Facy. 

A crost Bezant, is a cross composed of 
Bezants conjoined. It would be better to men* 
tion their number. 

BczANTE : SemS of Bezants. 

Argent, a lion rampant gules, crowned or, 
within a border sable bezanti (or rather charged 
with eleven bezants, as the number is often 




■ Ver; nearlj resembling the next. are here dnwa, paly of lix, and bendy of 

* Some uy of eighl, by which the; eight, u they ue engraved in ",The 

probablj meui pdy of eight, and bendy English Baronela," vat. ii. pi. 49. 1727. 

of eight, but as thii would make the The number of piecci TBiiei in other 

lozenges very diaproportionate, the arms examples. 



56 BEZANTE— BISHOPS. 

eight or ten). Richard Plantaoekit, king of the Romans, and 
earl of Cornwall, son of King John. 

Bible. See Boor. 

Bicafitated: having two heads. 

BiQ'WHEAT. See Wheat, Big, 

^iLL, Fbre»i, or Wood ; an instrument 
used hy woodmen for the purpose of 
lopping trees. The head alone is more 
frequent as a charge than the entire 
instrument. Sable, three bill-heads (like 
fig. 1.) argent, are borne hj Leversege. 
The other (which occurs in the arms of Fust) is generall}' called a 
wood-bill] though more probably a war-bill. 

BUI, Stone. See Wedge. 

Billet: a small oblong figure, generally 
supposed to represent a sheet of paper folded 
in the form of a letter. Its proportion is 
two squares. 

Or, three billets gules. Merlino. 

The word occurs in another sense : argent 
a billet, raguled and trunked (otherwise a ragged staff in pale) 
sable, inflamed in three places proper, is the coat of Billettes. 

BiLLETTY or £t/fe^/^.- 8em£ of billets. 

BUletty cotmter biUetty : barry and paly, the divisions of the 
former being as wide ^ain as those of the latter. 

BiUetty counter billetty gules and argent. Billinoee. 

BiPARTED. See Parted. 

Bird-bolt : a bluut-headed arrow used to 
shoot birds. As the number of heads varies 
it should be mentioned whenever there are 
more than one. 

Birds. When birds are mentioned in blazon, 
without expressing their species, they should 
be drawn in the form of the blackbird. 

Bishops in general, and the Bishop of Durham in particular. 
See Crosier, Marshalling, and Mitre. 





BISHOPS— BLAZON. 



57 




A figure of a bishop in his pontifical vestments occurs in the 
arms of the see of Clogher^ as well as in 
those of some of the Scotch sees. 

BiT^ Manage : a charge in the armorial 
ensigns of the Loriners or bit-makers of 
London. 

Bit, Snaffle: sable^ three snaffle-bits or. 
MiLNER^ Pudsey, Yorksh. 

Boss of a bit: this is another charge in 
the arms of the Lobinsbs. They bear 
azurCj on a chevron argent, between three 
manage-bits or, as many bosses sable. 

Bl. An abbreviation of the word blue, often found in sketches 
of arms instead of azure. B alone is preferable. 

Black. See Sablb. 

Blackamoob's head. See Head, Moor's. 

Bladed : an expression used when the stalk of any grain is 
of a colour different from the ear. 

Blanch : [Fr. Blanc, fern. Blanche.] as Blanch sanglier, that 
is, white boar, the name of a pursuivant retained by King 
Richard III., when duke of Gloucester. 

Blasted : leafless, applied to trees. 

Argent, three scrogs, blasted, sable. Blastock of thai Ilk. 

Blazino stab. See Comet. 

Blazon : a word derived from the German Sloven, to blow 
[a horn or trumpet] . It signifies to describe a coat of arms in 
such a manner that an accurate drawing may be made from the 
description. In order to do so, a knowledge of the points of the 
shield is particularly necessary. See Points of the escutcheon. 

1. In blazoning a coat of arms the first thing to be mentioned 
is the field, whether it be of one tincture, as 
Gules ; parted, as Per fess argent and gules ; 
Per saltire or and vert, etc.; or of any of the 
patterns frequently used; as Checguy argent 
and azure (Gatton) ; Bendy of eight or and 
sable. 





58 BLAZON. 

2. The first charges which should be noticed are those which 
are laid immediately upon the field; if the field therefore be 
seme, or strewed with any small charges without regard to 
number, they are to be mentioned next after the field itself; 
as azure, seme of trefoils argent, a lion*' rampant of the last. 
Holland. If the field be fretty, that circumstance must be 
noticed in the same place. 

3. The principal ordinary^ is next to be 
mentioned, with its peculiarities of form (if any) 
and tincture, as azure, a chevron or. D'Auber- 
NouN, Surrey. Argent, a bend engrailed sable. 
Radcliffe, Sussex. Per saltire argent and 
azure, a saltire gules. Gaoe, Hengrave, Suffolk, 

If there be no principal ordinary, that charge should first be 
named (if it be a principal charge, i. e. one differing from the 
others) which covers the fess-point, as, sable, a lion passant guar- 
dant or, between three esquires' helmets argent. Compton, 
Northamp. 

If two or more principal charges stand in the midst of the 
field, let them be named first. As an example, see the arms of 
Trumpington, under Arms, Canting, and Wake, p. 59. 

If there be no charges of the kinds already mentioned, what- 
ever charges there may be must be named after the field, notice 
being taken of their position^ with regard to one another, as, sable, 
three ducal coronets in pale or. The see of Bristol. Azure, ten 
estoiles, four, three, two, one, or. Alston (Bart.), OdeU, Beds. 

When three charges are borne two and one, it is superfluous 

'^ Any charge whose position is not billet as erect, because that is their 

specially mentioned, or at least implied natural position, but there are many 

to be otherwise, is understood to be in charges which may be placed several 

the middle of the shield. ways with equal propriety : keys, for 

<* Any honourable ordinary except the instance, may be in pale, (palewUe m 

chief, or any diminutive of an honourable paie is implied,) barmte in pa!e, hendwite 

ordinary. in pakt palewise in feu, and in many 

e It is also highly necessary to describe other positions which it would be use- 

the position of each charge individually, less to enumerate here. The wards need 

whenever there is the possibility of a not be described as turned to the dexter, 

mistake. It would of course be quite because that is their ordinary position, 

Hupcrlluous to describe a crescent or a though they are often endorstd. 



BLAZON. 59 

to aay so, as they are always to be drawn id that position if no 
other be mentioned. Example: — or, three torteaus. Coubtenay. 
The arms of England are not rightly blazoned, ttnlesa the lions 
are said to be tn pale. 

8. The chaises, if any there be, between which the honourable 
ordinary or principal chai^ is placed are next to be mentioned, 
as gulea, a chevron [or] between three mullets of six points, 
pierced, or. Danveks, Notihamp. Argent, a lion rampant 
gules, between three pheona sable. Eqerton. 

Charges placed above, below, or beside the i - — > 

principal bearing follow the same rule, those in \ V> ^ ^ i 
chief being named before those in base, and the ' 
dexter taking precedence of the sinister. Ex- 
ample : — Ai^ent, two' bars gules, in chief three 
torteanx. Wake, Line. 

4. Next come charges npon the central charge, as, argent, on 
a fess sable, between three hawks rising proper, a leopard's face 
[or] between two mullets or. Stonehouse, Radley, Berks. 

6. The bordure with the charges thereon are next to be 
mentioned. 

6. The canton and chief with all charges upon them are to be 
emblazoned next. Example : — 

Sable, on a cross engrailed 
argent, a lion passant gules, 
between four leopards' faces 
azure; on a chief or, a rose 
of the third, seeded of the fifth, 
barbed vert, between two Cor- 
nish choughs proper. The 
arms of Cardinal Wolsey, now 
borne by Cbbibt Chcech 
Oxford. 

7, Lastly, come the differences or marks of cadency, and the 
baronet's badge. 

In blazon repetition should be avoided : the name of a tinc- 

' Here ue twa principal or prinmry charges. 



60 BLAZON. 

ture should never be used twice in describing the same coat. 
To avoid this it is customary to say of the third, etc., as in the 
arms of Wolsey just blazoned. If the field be all of one tincture, 
a charge of the same maybe said to heof the field, but otherwise 
of the first or second. Many heralds of the seventeenth century 
used the word gold to avoid the repetition of or. The word silver 
was sometimes, though less frequently, used for argent . 

If two charges consecutively named are of the same tincture, 
it may be mentioned after the latter only, as in the arms of 
Danvers and Stonehouse ; but except in very simple cases it is 
better to name the tincture after the former, describing the 
latter as of the last. 

The way to avoid the repetition of numbers may be shewn by 
the arms of Archbishop Laud. Sable, on a chevron or, between 
three estoiles of the second (or last), as many crosses patt^e 
fitchee gules. 

While conciseness in blazoning is sought after, it should 
never be forgotten that the best blazon is that which is the 
most perspicuous. Tautology and diffuseness in describing a 
coat of arms are undoubtedly faults, but ambiguity is a much 

greater one. In the choice of technical terms, English ones are 
in general to be preferred to French, and those whose significa- 
tion is undisputed to those which different heralds have used in 
different senses. 

The above rules, will, it is believed, be found to contain direc- 
tions applicable to all but a few extraordinary cases. By follow- 
ing them closely and attentively, and by carefully observing and 
describing the peculiarities of each separate charge, any person 
may shortly attain considerable skill in the art of blazon. 
Practice alone will make perfect. 

It may, perhaps, be mentioned with greater propriety here than 
elsewhere, that every charge in which there is the distinction of 
front and back, is ordinarily to be turned towards the dexter 
side of the escutcheon, unless directed to be placed otherwise ; 
(see Counter Couch ant, etc.) but in banners the charges should 
be turned towards the staff, and upon the caparison of a horse 




BLAZON— BONES. 61 

towards his head. In the oldest plates remaining in the stalk 
of the knights of the garter^ at S. George^s Chapel^ Windsor, 
all the shields and charges are inclined towards the altar, so 
that those on the north side are turned contrary to the usual 
practice. 

Blemished: having an abatement. A sword having the 
point broken off is said to be blemished or rebated. 

BuoHTED. See Blasted. 

Block-brush : a bunch of the herb called knee-holm, or 
sometimes knee-holly, (the knee-holly of monastic, and 
rascus of modem botanists,) used by butchers to clean 
their blocks, and borne in the insignia of their com- 
pany. It has often been incorrectly drawn as a garbe 
or wheatsheaf. 

Blodius. See Oules. 

Blood-colour. See Sanguine. The term Bloody, which is 
of firequent occurrence in the works of old heraldic writers (as a 
bloody hand, etc.) does not however signify sanguine but gules. 
See Heart. 

Blue. See Azure. 

Blue-bottle : the flower of the cyanus. 

Argent, a chevron gules, between three blue- 
bottles slipped and leaved proper. Cherly. Pre- 
cisely the same arms are borne by Bothell. 
Another branch of the latter family bears the 
chevron between tfoo blue bottles, a very imusual 
arrangement. 

Blue-mantle pursuivant. See Pursuivants. 

Boar : this word implies the wild boar. 

Bodt-heart. See Heart. 

Bolt, Bird. See Bird-bolt. 

Bolt, Prisoner's. See Shackbolt. 

BoLTANT, or Bolting: said of a hare or rabbit springing 
forward. 

Bomb-shell. See Fire-ball. 

Bones, Human, Sable, two shin bones in saltire, proper. 




02 



BONES— BORDURE. 




^ ^ 



the sinister surmounted by the dexter^ are 
the arms of Newton. Another branch of 
the family bears the sinister uppermost^. 

Sable, a shin-bone in pale, proper, sur- 
mounted of another in fess. Baynes, 
Cumb, 

Bonnet : the velvet cap within a coronet. 

Bonnet, Electoral: A cap of crimson 
velvet turned up with ermine. This was 
borne over the arms of Hanover until some 
time after the erection of that state into a 
kingdom in 1814, when a crown was substi- 
tuted. (See Arms, Royal, Geo. III. and Crowns.) 

Book : books are borne in arms, either 
open as in those of the University of Oxford^, 
or closed as in those of the University of 
Cambridge and the Company of Stationers. 
Their position, and clasps or seals, if they 
have any, should be mentioned. 

The Music, or Song-book, borne by the 
parish clerks of London, is of oblong form and 
has strings at the top, bottom, and fore-edge, instead of clasps. 

BoRDURE, or Border : this bearing occupies one fifth of the 
field. It is generally used as the mark of a younger branch 
of a family. A bordure company (which 
should consist of sixteen pieces) is now 
often a mark of illegitimacy, but was not so 
aaciently. Charged bordures, especially in 
ancient armory, often allude to maternal 
descent. They are also not unfrequently 
augmentations. It is however evident from 
the arms mentioned below that the bordure 





V Or is this merely an accidental dif- 
ference ? 

I* Azure, on an open book proper, 
having on the dexter side seven seals or. 



between three ducal coronets of the last, 
the words dominvs illvmimatio mea. 
(Pa. xxvii. 1.) 



BORDURE— BOTTEROLL. 63 

is sometimes the only charge in a coat, and consequently not 
always an augmentation or mark of cadency. 

Ermine, a bordure gules. Hundescote. 

Or, a bordure vair. Gwine, or Gynes. 

When a coat having a bordure is impaled with another coat, 
the bordure must be omitted where they join. If it be charged 
with eight bezants (for example) only three whole ones will be 
seen, and two halves. Quartered coats retain their bordures 
entire. The bordure is placed over all ordinaries, except the 
chief, the quarter, and the canton, which invariably surmount it. 

The bordure has no diminutive, but it is said that one may be 
surmounted by another of half its width. 

When a bordure is bezante, billette, or the like, the number of 
bezants or billets is always eight, unless some other number is 
particularized. Bordures charged with bends or other ordinaries 
shew only those portions of the charges which would have faUen 
upon the bordure if it had composed a part of a field so charged. 

Bordure enaluran: charged with eight birds of any kind, 
which form of blazon is far preferable to such terms as this and 
some others mentioned below. 

Bordure of England: gules, charged with eight lions of 
England. Some would say enurney of lions, or charged with 
an enurney of lions. 

Bordure enioyer or entier : charged with eight figures of any 
kind, except animals or plants. 

Bordure enurney : charged with eight beasts. 

Bordure of France: azure, charged with eight fleurs-de- 
lis or. 

Bordure of Scotland: the double tressure flory counter flory 
gules, or more properly, a bordure or, charged with such a tres- 
sure. 

Bordure verdoy : charged with eight leaves or flowers. 

Boss of a bit. See Bit. 

BoTEROLL or Bauteroll. See Crampet. 

BoTONNi^. See Cross botonnie, 

BOTTEROLL. ScC BoTEROLL; 




64 BOTTLE— BRIDGE. 

Bottle, Bbte. See Blue-bottle. 

Bottle, Leather: borne by the Company of Bottle- 
makers and Homers of London. 

Bottom. See Fusil (or Spindle.) 

Bouchieb's-knot. See Knots. 

BouGET. See Wateb-bouoet. 

Boubdon. See Staff, Pabner^s. 

Boubdonn£ : terminating in a round knob, or pomel. See 
Cboss pomelUe, 

Bousb : a French term for a water-bouget. 

Bow : the long bow and the cross bow are of frequent occur- 
rence in coat armour. Their position should be mentioned, and 
also whether they are bent or not. 

Bowed. See Embowed, and also Abched. 

Bowen's Knot. See Knots. 

Bowl. See Wassail-bowl. 

Bot's head. See Head. 

Bbaced: interlaced, as the chevronels in 
the arms of Fitz-Huoh, which are azure> 
three chevronels braced (or interlaced) in the 
base of the escutcheon or, a chief of the last. 

Bbacelet. See Babbulet. 

Bbanch. If unfructed, a branch should, according to some 
writers, consist of three slips, but four leaves with firuit are said 
to be sufficient. 

Bband: a sword. Hence swords are borne by several 
families bearing that surname. See also Fibe-bband. 

Bbased or Brazed. See Bbaced. 

Bbeathing: this word applied to the stag, has the same 
meaning as at gaze. 

Bbeast-plate. See Cuibass. 

Bbetess£. See Embattled. 

Bbick : a charge resembling a billet, but shewing its thick- 
ness in perspective. 

Bbick-axe. See Axe, Brick. 

Bbidge. When a bridge occurs in coat-armour, the number 




BRIDGE—BUCKET. 65 

of its arches, and all its other peculiarities should be carefully 
noticed. 

Gules, a bridge of one arch argent, masoned 
sable, with a stream transflueut proper. 
Bkidqe, Scotland. 

Or, on a bridge of three arches gules, 
masoned sabte, the streams transfluent proper, 
a &ne ai^nt. Tbowbridge, WUta. 

Another, the field argent, the flag or. 

Another, or, on a bridge, etc. as above, a 
tower gules, thereon a fane argent. 

BaiQ&NDiNE or Briganline: a jacket quilted with iron, much 
worn by archers during the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. 
The word however occurs much earlier. 

Brimbey. See G-ad-ply. 

Brisubes, or Srtawca. See Cadency, Marks qf. 

Broach. See Broche. 

Broach, Wine. See Wine-fiercer. 

Broad Arrow. See Arrow, Broad. 

Brochb : an instrument used by em- ^^^ — ~~~—^ n—m 

broiderers, and borne by their company. 

Brock. See Badger. _ 

Brogue, or Iriah brogue : a kind of shoe. J^ia 

Gulee, a chevron between three brogues or. ^^r'^^__. j 
Abthure, Ireland. 

Bronchant : a French heraldic term signifying placed over a 
field seme of any small charges. 

Bbooh-flant. Sec Planta genista, 

Brusb, Block. See Block-brcsh. 

Bruse. See Tenn6. 

Buck. See Stag. 

Bucket. Of buckets there are several varieties. 
That most usually borne in arms is the common well- 
bucket, but they are sometimes hooped and have feet, 
as in the arms of Fembebton, of Yorkshire, which are 
Bi^nt, three well-buckets with feet aable, hoops and handles a 



6C) 



BUCKLE— BUGLE-HORN. 







Buckle, or Fermaille. From a very early period buckles have 
been marks of honour and authority. In 1 Mace. x. 89. we 
read that Alexander sent Jonathan, the brother of Judas 
Maccabeus, " a buckle of gold, as the use is to be 
given to such as are of the king's blood.'* 

As buckles of various forms occur in heraldry it 
is necessary to mention the shape. An arming 
buckle is in the form of a lozenge ^ 

Argent, three lozenge- (or mascle-, or arm- 
ing-) buckles gules. Jerningham or Jernegan, 
Suff. 

In some examples the tongues are turned to the 
dexter, in others to the sinister. 

Sable, three round buckles, argent, tongues 
pendent. Joddrel, Cheshire. 

The two next figures represent buckles erect. 

Azure, three gar-buckles argent. Stukeley. 

It does not appear what kind of buckles is 
meant by this term. 

Buckler : a circular shield. The name is derived from the 
leather with which it was anciently covered, SSocf being the 
German for a goat. 

Budget. See Water-bouget. 

BuFFALOE : the bull was sometimes so called by the earlier 
heralds. 

BuGLE-HORN, or Hauchet. Tyrwhitt 
says that "In some parts of the north, 
a bull is still called a Boogie.'' The bugle- 
horn is generally painted with virols and 
strings as in the margin; the mouth-piece 
is however as often turned one way as the 
other, and the strings arc sometimes omitted, 
in which case the words sans strings should be employed. 

Argent, a bugle-horn sable, stringed gules. Downes. 

* Oval bucklcR are not uncommon, tioned above is attached to the half belt 
One of a form differing from any men- borne by Pelham. 




BULLET— CADENCY. 



67 



> 



^-. 



\' f 



Bullet : a name sometimes given to the ogress or pellet. 
Burgonet: a helmet or steel cap, worn 
chieiBy by foot soldiers. 

" This day 111 wear aloft my burgonet." 

Bhakspere^. 

See also Morion. 

BuRLiNo-iRON : an instrument used by 
Weavers. It occurs in the arms of their 
company at Exeter. 

Butchers^ Axe. See Axe, slatighier. 

Butt : the flounder. 

Butterfly: this insect is generally borne 
volant en arriire, its four wings being expanded. 
When borne so, it is not necessary to add any 
intimation of its position. The harvest-fly is 
nearly similar but shews two wings only. 








^^ ABOSHED, Cabossed, or Caboched, 
> otherwise TVunked : terms applied 
to the head of any beast, except a 
leopard, when borne full-faced, no 
part of the neck being visible. 

Argent, a buck^s head caboshed gules, at- 
tired or. Trye, Glouc, 

Cadency, marks of, otherwise called Brisures, Distinctions, or 
Differences: variations of the original arms of a family, or marks 
attached to them for the purpose of pointing out the several 
branchqp, and the relation in which they stand to each other 
and to their common ancestor. 

In ancient heraldry "a plai label,*' (as Sir N. H. Nicolas 
remarks*,) ''most frequently azure, appears to have been the 



'' Hen. VI. Pt. 2. Act v. Sc. 2. p. xviii. Sec also Camden's Remaines, 

' A Roll of Arms, etc. 1828, 8^ prcf. p. 223. 



68 CADENCY. 

distinction of the eldest son and heir apparent /' 
'* Ou iin label dasore avoit, 

Poroe q'ces pereS riTOit" siege of CarlaTeroek. 

It also appears ''that younger sons bore the label variously 
charged^ sometimes with the whole or part of their mother's 
arms^ or the arms of a distinguished family from which they 
were descended; that more distant branches changed the colours^ 
or charges of the coat ; placed a bend over it ; surrounded it 
with a bordure^ or assumed a canton^ plain or charged/' Sir 
N. H. Nicolas then proceeds to state that '' except as regards 
the label he has not been able to decide whether either or any 
of these distinctions depended upon certain rules^ according to 
the degrees of kindred ; whether they were arbitrarily adopted^ 
or were assigned by the officers of arms." 

Although the charge of tinctures^ and the addition, removal^ 
or alteration of charges are very frequently marks of cadency, it 
must not be supposed that all families of the same name, and 
between whose arms there is some resemblance, are descended 
from the same ancestors, for the arms of ancient families have 
often been very unjustly granted with slight alterations to per- 
sons whose relation to such families consisted only in similarity 
of name. 

The differences now in use may be divided into two classes ; 
those used by the royal family, and those which should be borne 
by all others. The sons and daughters of the sovereign all bear 
labels of three points argent. That of the Prince of Wales is 
plain, but those of the other princes and princesses are charged 
with crosses, fleurs-de-lis, hearts, or other figures for the sake 
of distinction. Princes and princesses being the sons and 
daughters of the above are distinguished by labels of five points 
charged in the same manner"^. These differences, as well as 
those which follow, should be borne on the arms, crest, and sup- 
porters. Marks of cadency somewhat similar to these were 
assigned to the children of King Edward III. 

^ The differences at present used by the royal family are engraved in most of 
the Peerages. 



CADENCY— CALVARY CROSS. 69 

The differences now in use for all families except that of the 
sovereign maybe partially traced to the time of the same king°. 
They are as foUows : — 

First house. 

First son (during the life of his father) . A label of three points. 

Second son. A crescent. 

Third son. A mullet 

Fourth son. A martlet. 

Fifth son. An annulet. 

Sixth son. A fleur-de-lis. 

Seventh son. A rose. 

Eighth son. A cross moline. 

Ninth son. An eightfoil. 

The first son of the first son of the first house bears a label 
upon a label (or more agreeably to ancient custom a label of five 
points). The second a label charged with a crescent^ and so on 
for all other sons of this branch. 

Second house. 

First son. A crescent charged with a label of three points. 

Second son. A crescent charged with a crescent. 

And so on for the rest^ but it is not usual to bear more than 
double differences. There are no differences for sisters^ (except 
in the royal family^) as they are all equal, but they should bear 
the differences which pertain to their fathers. 

Crescents, mullets, etc., used as differences, should be drawn 
smaller than usual, to distinguish them from ordinary charges. 
They may be placed upon any part of the arms which is most 
convenient. There does not appear to be any rule respecting 
their tinctures. 

Calf : the young of the cow, from which it is chiefly distin- 
guished in heraldic drawing by the absence of horns. 
Calthrop or Caltrap. See Cheval-trap. 
Calvary Cross. See Cross, Calvary. 

" The sons of Thomas Beauchamp, of our Lady at Warwick, the burial place 
earl of Warwick, are distinguished by of that distinguished family, (c. 1360.) 
some of them in the windows of the chapel See Dugdale's Warwickshire, p. 319. 



70 



CAMELEOPARDEL— CANTONED. 




Cameleopardel: the cameleopard^ or giraffe^ with two long 
horns slightly curved backward. 

Camp. See Compon£. 

Candlestick. The iaper-candlesiick, which is borne 
in the arms of the Founders' Company^^ has a spike, 
or, as it is technically termed, a pricket, upon which 
the taper is placed. See also Mortcour. 

Cannet : a duck without beak or feet. 

Canting Arms. See Arms, Canting, 

Canton : an ordinary resembling the quarter in form, but of 
smaller dimensions ; its size does not appear to be fixed, but is 
generally about one third of the chief. 

When the word canton is used alone, a 
dexter canton is intended, but it may be 
placed upon the sinister side, or even upon 
either side of the base. Cantons in base are 
perhaps never used in English armory. 

The canton is, in at least one case, the 
only charge in a coat; but generally an 
augmentation of the original arms, or a dif- 
ference. It always surmounts a bordure, and when borne upon 
a coat consisting of three charges, (2 and 1,) generally covers 
the whole or greater part of the first. 

Argent, a canton sable. Sutton. 

A canton of S, George (as in the arms of 
the duke of Marlborough) is argent, charged 
with a cross gules. 

A canton and fess of the same tincture, 
as in the arms of Woodvile, (argent a fess 
and canton gules,) should join, without even 
a line to part them. The same remark will 
apply to the uppermost of two or more bars. 

Cantoned. A cross between four charges is sometimes said 
by French and Scottish heralds to be cantonnie, or cantoned with 





" This is usually drawn as in the resemblance to an ancient altar-candle- 
margin. It bears but a very distant stick. 



CANTONED— CAPARISON. 



71 






such charges. A fess joined to a canton is also sometimes called 
a fess cantoned. 

Cap : the principal caps in use as charges, parts of crests, or 
accessories to coats of arms, are the following. 

The cap usually placed over the insignia of 
the city of London, or of a lord mayor of the 
same. It is of brown fur. 

The cap borne by Maundbfelb is of a 
peculiar form. The arms of that family are 
quarterly, or and azure, four such caps counter- 
changed. 

The family of Capper of Cheshire, bear 
argent, three caps (like the figure annexed) 
sable banded or. 

A Cardinal' s capP or hat, is always red, and has tassels pendent 
from its labels in five^ rows. The continental archbishops and 
bishops (especiaUy those of France) bear green hats of the same 
form over their mitres, the former with five rows of tassels, and 
the latter with four. A black cap of the same shape with three 
rows of tassels, belongs to abbats. Prothonotaries use a similar 
hat with two rows of tassels. A black hat with one tassel on 
each side, belongs to all other clergymen. We know of no case 
in which any of these except the first, was ever borne in Eng- 
land. A cardinal's hat is placed over the arms of Wolsey, under 
the head Blazon. 

Cap, Capped. See Morion. 

Cap of dignity or maintenance. See Chapeau. 

Cap, Lonff, or Ir\fula : as in the crests of Wal- 
pole and Brydges. / 

Caparison, or houring : the embroidered cover- 
ing of a hoi*se, which was often charged with the arms of 
the knight to whom the horse belonged. 

' Instituted by Innocent IV., at the ^ Examples occur of canUnals' hats 

Council of Lyons, 1 265. Its colour de- with a less number of tassels. The same 

notes that a cardinal should be even ready remark applies to those of the continental 

to shed his blood in the seryice of God bishops, 
and for the defence of His Church. 




72 CAPARISON— CASTLE. 

An early instance of an heraldic caparison is the seal of Edward 
Crouchback^ earl of Lancaster. The horses represented upon 
his monument^ and that of Aymer de Valence^ earl of Pembroke^ 
both in Westminster Abbey^ are extremely curious examples of 
the same practice. 

The horses upon the great seals of King Edward I. and many of 
his successors are caparisoned with the royal arms. The housing 
of Henry VIII. is seme of roses and fleurs-de-lis alternately. 

All animals embroidered upon the housing of a horse should 
face his head. The same may be said of all charges which are 
different on each side ; thus a bend upon the right side of the 
caparison of a horse would appear as a bend sinister. 

Cappeline. See Mantling and Wreath. 

Carbuncle. See Escarbuncle. The word is also used for or. 

Card. See Stock-card and Wool-card. 

Cardinal's Cap. See Cap^ CardinaPs. 

Careering : a term applied to a horse in a position which 
would be called salient if a beast of prey were spoken of. 

Carnation : flesh colour. The word is used by some French 
and a few English heralds to describe the natural colour of the 
face of a man^ but no such tincture is recognised in heraldry^ 
and it is totally unnecessary^ as the word proper should be used 
whenever a charge is of its natural colour^ unless that colour be 
variable^ or different in different examples. 

Cartouche: an oval escutcheon used by popes and other 
Italian ecclesiastics. 

Casque : a helmet. 

Castle : the word castle used alone generally signifles either 
a single tower^ or two towers with a gate between them. A 
castle triple towered is a tower with three turrets thereon — such 
a castle (or in a field gules) is the ensign of the kingdom of 
Castile. 

The two castles upon the great seal of King Edward 11. refer 
to his maternal descent'. 

' This seal was in (act that of his Edward IIL used the same seal in the 
father Edward I., with this addition : — beginning of his reign, with the farther 



CASTLE— CHAIN-SHOT. 73 

Amongst other varieties which occur, are triangidar and 
square castles seen in perspective^ and castles extending quite 
across the field. The turrets are often domed. 

Argent^ a castle (or tower^) triple-towered sable, chained 
transverse the port or. Oldcastle, Kent. 

See also Citadel and Tower. 

Cat-a-mountain : the wild cat, which is generally, if not 
invariably, borne gardant. 

Argent, three mountain-cats passant in pale sable. Keate, 
Herts. 

Sable, on a fess argent, between three mountain-cats or, a 
cross pattee of the field. Hill, Bucks. 

Cate&foil. See Quat&efoil. 

Catherine-wheel. See Wheel. 

Celestial crown. See Crown, Celestial. 

Celestial sphere. See Sphere, Celestial, 

Centaur. See Saoittary. 

Centre-point : the fess-point. 

Cerceli^. See Cross cerceUe and Sarcelled. 

Chad, S., Cross of. See Cross potent, quadrat in tlte 
centre. 

Chafant ; enraged, applied to the wild boar. 

Chains are often fixed to the collars of animals, and are 
sometimes borne as distinct charges, as in the insignia of the 
kingdom of Navarre, which maybe blazoned gules, a cross and 
saltire of chains, affixed to an annulet in the fess point, and to 
a double orle of the same, all or. 

Argent, three circles of chains sable. Hoo. 

Chained. See also Ooroed. 

The .arms of Colston, Essew, are argent, two barbels haurient, 
respecting each other, sable, collared and chained together or; 
the chain pendent and ringed at the end'. 

Chain-shot; called by Ouillim a murdering chainrshot, and 

addition of a small fleur-de-lis above * The chain in this example takes the 

eaich castle. See Arch. Journal, vol. ii. form of the letter Y. 
p. 16, etc. 

L 





74 CHAIN-SHOT— CHARGE. 

by others a fiint stone spiked and cJiained. Azure^ ^a. 
three chain shots or, was granted as an augment- pp^Z^^w^ 
ation to the Clifford family^ and borne by the I ^V^ J 
earls of Cumberland of that house^ in the quarter 6 i 

next to the paternal coat. 

Chalice: generally drawn in old examples 
as in the margin^ though often with an octangular 
foot. 

Chamber-piece. See Culverin. 

Champagne^ Champaine, or Champion, otherwise 
Urdi, . and tVarriated: pointed. It is used, 
though very rarely, as a line of division. See 
also Point champaine, and Cnoss pointed. 

Chape. See Crampet. 

Chapeau, or Cap of dignity, or tnaintenance: 
a cap, generally of red velvet turned 
up with ermine, formerly peculiar to 
dukes, (whence it is sometimes called a 
duciper,) but now often used to place 
crests upon instead of a wreath. The chapeau occurs as a 
charge in the arms of Halworth, which are argent, three 
chapeaus sable. 

Ctiapeau defer. See Morion. 

Chaperonne, Chapoum, or Shafferoon .* a name given to the 
small shields containing crests, initials, deaths' heads, etc. placed 
upon the heads of horses at pompous funerals. 

Chaplet : a garland of leaves with four flowers 
amongst them, at equal distances. 

Argent, three chaplets gules. Hilton, Nor- 
thumb, and also Lascells, Notts, and Yorksh, 

Characters. See Letters. The astronomi- 
cal characters also occur. See Planets and Sphere. 

Charboucle. See Escarbuncle. 

Charge : any thing borne upon an escutcheon, whether upon 
the field or upon an ordinary. Charges were, generally speak- 
ing, most anciently borne upon the field. Some heralds have 





CHARGE— CHERUB. 75 

divided them into propcTj or those which are peculiar to heraldry, 
aa the ordiDaries ; and common, or those Trhich are not bo ; bat 
the correctaesa of this divisioii may be questioned, for there is 
probably no charge which is not derived from something inde- 
pendent of the science of heraldry. 

Charged : a term applied to a shield or banner having any 
object depicted thereon, and also to any charge having another 
charge upon it. See a feas charged with three chevronels 
couched sinister, under Chevron. 

Charger : a dish. See Heads, S. John the Baptist. 
Chausse-trap. See Cheval-trap. 

Checqut, Cheeky, Checquar-bearing : terms apphed to a field 
or charge divided by perpendicular and 
horizontal lines, into small squares of 
metal and colour alternately. 

Checquy, or and azure. Warren, an- 
aent earlt of Surrey. 

This pattern was probably derived from 
the game of chess, which though not 
originally introduced into Europe by the 
Crusaders, waa certainly revived by them. 

In the case of a field the number of pieces is considered to be 
indefinite, but a fess or other ordinary checquy must contain 
three rows of squares, for if there be but one, the ordinary will 
be compony or gobony, and if but two, counter-compony. 
Or, a feas checquy argent and azuro. Steward, Scott. 
This is an allusive coat, the checqaered fess representing the 
steward's board. The checquers atill frequently seen at the 
doots of taverns have the same origin. 

When a bend, chevron, or saltire is checquy, the squares are 
not placed perpendicularly, hut slanting in the direction of the 
ordinary. 
CBBRRy. See Sanouine. 

Cherub, or Chentb'a head: this is drawn aa the head of an 
infont between a pdr of wings. A aeraph's head has three 
pairs. 



76 



CHERUB— CHEVRON. 



t 






Sable, a chevron between three cherubim or. Chaloner, 
Yorksh. 

Chess-rook: the figure called rock in the game 
of chess, from the Italian rocca, a tower or castle. 
The chess-rook is an ancient bearing, and of frequent 
occurrence. 

Oules, three chess-rooks argent. Walsingham, 
Noff, 

Azure, a fess between three chess-rooks or. Boden- 
HAM, Here/. 

See also Zule. 

Chester Herald. See Heralds. 

Cheval-traf, sometimes called Caltrap, or Gal- 
trap, and (chiefly by French heralds,) Chausse-trap : 
an instrument thrown upon the ground to injure 
the feet of horses, and consisting of four iron spikes, 
one of which is ever uppermost. 

Argent, three cheval-traps sable. Trap, GUmc, 

Chevron : an ordinary derived from a 
pair of rafters, and occupying one fifth of the 
field. (1.) It has two diminutives, the chev- 
ronel, which is half its width, (more or 
less,) and the couple-close, which is half the 
chevronel. 

Or, a chevron gules. Stafford, duJce of 
Bucks, 

Or, a fess between two chevrons gules. 
Fitzwalter. (2.) 

A Chevron arched, resembles a semi-cir- 
cular arch across the field. It should be 
rather elevated to distinguish it from a fess 
arched. 

Chevron couched: (3.) one which springs 
from one of the sides of the escutcheon. It should be de- 
scribed as dexter or sinister. But few instances of such chevrons 





occur. 



CHEVRON. 



77 








Or, a chevron couched 
(dexter ?) ^les. Tour- 
ney. 

Or, a chevron couched 
(dexter?) azure. Doub- 
let. 

Argent, two chevrons, 
couched (and counter- 
pointed?) vert. Couch- 
master. 

Argent, on a fess sable, 
three chevronels couched 
sinister of the field. Tre- 
NowETH, Comw.* (4.) 

The Chevron coupled or 
paired might be otherwise 
described as a fess dancette of two. 
Chevron debruised or fr acted, (5.) 

Argent, a chevron debruised sable, between three cross-cross- 
lets fitchee of the last. Greenway". 
Chevron fracted. (6. See also the last.) 
Chevron inarched. Of this there are two varieties. 
Argent, a chevron inarched sable. Holbeame', lAnc. (7.) 
Purpure, a chevron inarched argent. Archever, Scotl. (8.) 
Chevron rompu, double dancette, or downset. (9.) 
Or, a chevron rompu between three mullets sable. Salt, 





* Quartered by the Saint*Aubyns in 
right of a co-heiress of the Trenoweths 
who married into their family temp. Ed- 



ward IV. 

" Glover's Ordinary. 
^ Quasi Hall-beam. 



78 



CHEVRON— CHIEF. 




Yorks. It is also borne by the name of Allen, (sheri£P of 
London 18<>. Jac. 1.) 

Cheybonel: a diminutiye of the cheyron, of which it is nomi- 
nally one half the width. 

Or^ three chevronels gules. Clare. 

The arms of Walter de Merton, bishop 
of Rochester, and founder of Merton College, 
were or, three chevronels per pale, the first 
azure and gules, the second gules and azure, 
the third as the first. It is said that these 
arms were changed from those of Clare, from 
which family Walter de Merton inherited 
a portion of his wealth^. 

William of Wykeham, bishop of Winchester, and founder of 
New and Winchester colleges, bore argent, two chevronels 
sable, between three roses gules, barbed and seeded proper. 
He probably assumed the chevronels in allusion to his employ- 
ment as an architect. 

Cheveronny : divided into an even number of equal portions 
chevronwise. 

Cheverons : an ancient term for party per chevron. 

Cheyne : an old word for acorn, from the French chSne, an 
oak. 

Chief, from the French chef, head: an 
ordinary occupying about one third of the 
shield from the top downward. The fillet 
is by some considered its diminutive, while 
others hold that it can have none'. 

Gules, a chief argent. Worsley, Yorksh. 

Or, a chief gules. Lumley, Essew. 




T Dr. Ingram's Mem. of Oxford. Holy- 
well parish, p. 5. 

* Instances might be adduced of two 
chiefs in the same coat A chief argent, 
charged with a cross gules, is the distinc- 
tion of a knight of S. John of Jerusalem. 
The shield of a knight who has a chief be- 



longing to his hereditary arms, would be 
divided horizontally into three parts ; the 
first containing the cross of his order ; the 
second, the chief belonging to his pater- 
nal coat; and the third, (which should 
be somewhat larger than the other divi- 
sions,) the remainder of his arms. 



CHIEF— CIRCLE OF GLORY. 



19 



In chief: upon the upper part of the escutcheon. See the 
third cut below. 

Chief points. See Points. 

Chimera : an imaginaiy animal^ having the face of a maiden^ 
the mane and legs of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of 
a dragon. 

Chimerical : imaginary : an epithet applied to the fabulous 
animals of heraldry. 

Chipping-axe. See Axe, Chipping. 

Chough, Cornish, See Cornish Chough. 

Christ, Passion of Jesus. See Knighthood, Passion, 

Christiferus : the bearer of the standard in which was dis- 
played the figure of Christ on the cross. (Meyrick.) 

Chronel. See Cronel. 

Chrtstal : . this word is sometimes used 
(in blazoning the arms of peers) for argent, 
instead oi pearl, 

Church-rell. See Bell. 

Cimetar. See Sctmetar. 

CiMiER. See Crest. 

CiNABAR, or Cinabre, See Gules. 

CiNOPLE, or Sinople, See Vert. 

Cinquefoil: a bearing derived from a 
plant of the clover kind, having five leaves 
upon one stalk. Oules, a cinquefoil pierced* 
ermine, was the ensign of the ancient earls 
of Leicester, as it now is that of the town. 

Azure, three cinquefoils or, Bardolphe, 
Norf. 

Argent, two bars gules, in chief three 
cinquefoils of the second. Stokwith. 

Circle of Glort : the nimbus or ring of 
light placed around the heads of the Holy 
Lamb and of saints. Modem painters often 

* There is mach reason to believe that that they are only drawn otherwise by 
cinquefoils should always be pierced, and nustake.. 





80 CIRCLE OF GLORY— CLOSING NAIL. 

represent it as a circle of sun rays. See Heads, 8. John the 
Baptist. 

Citadel : a fortress within a walled town ; the wall extending 
quite across the shield, and the citadel being seen over it. The 
number of towers and other peculiarities should be carefully 
described. 

Civic crown. See Crown, Civic. 

Clam : a local English word for the cockle or escallop. It is 
sometimes used by the Scottish heralds in the same sense. 

Clarencetjx King of Arms. See Kings of Arms. 

Clarendon, Claricimbal, Claricord, Clarion, or Clavecimbal. 
See Best. 

Clech^;. See Cross, Clechie. 

Clenched : said of a hand when closed. See Arm. 

Clock : this charge is believed to be confined to the bearings of 
the company of Clockmakers of London, which have been thus 
blazoned. *' Sable, a clock, each of the four corner pillars of the 
case erected on a lion couchant, and on each capital a mound 
ensigned with a cross pattee, and on the dome of the case an im- 
perial crown supported by circular arches springing &om the 
pillars, under which arches the bell appears, and on the centre 
of the dial-plate a double rose, all or.'^ The crest and supporters, 
which are in the same bad taste, need not be described here. 
The credit of this confused and, it may be added, perfectly inde- 
scribable piece of heraldry, which is as great a contrast as possible 
to the simple insignia of some of the more ancient companies, 
is due to Sir Edward Walker, Garter, who granted it in 1677. 

Close : a term applied (for the most part very needlessly) to 
the wings of birds. Helmets with the visor down may be de- 
scribed by the same word. 

Close couped. See Couped. 

Closet: a diminutive of the Bar, of which it is half the 
width, and consequently a tenth of the shield. 

Closetty : barry of many pieces. The term harry is more 
frequently used for any even number of pieces. 

Closing nail. See Nail. 




CLOSING TONGS— COCKE. 81 

Closing tongs. See Tongs, Closing, 

Cloth, Piece of : this is a charge borne 
by the Company of Tailors of Chester. A 
somewhat similar bearing in the insignia of 
the Merchant Tailors of London is called a 
P%rliament-robe. 

Clou£ : nailed. See Lattiseb. ^ v«r 

Clove : the spice so called. It is usually drawn /I /I 
not exactly in its natural form, but as in the margin. 

Argent, a chevron between nine cloves, in groups )l 
of three, sable. Groce&s' Company, Lond, \W 

Clouds sometimes occur as bearings, as in the cases of the 
Mercers' and Drapers' Companies, and a few families. The 
partition line called Nebuly, which may be considered as a 
conventional representation of clouds, is common in heraldry. 
See also Bats and Tiara. 

Club : frequently carried by a wild man. It is sometimes 
beset with iron spikes. See also Icicle. 

Clymant, Saliant : applied to the goat. 

Coach : such a charge wiU be found in the arms of the 
Coachmakers' Company. 

CoAMBULANT : Walking side by side. See Ambulant. 

Coat of Arms, or Coat-armour: the general term for the 
escutcheon or shield of arms, but properly applicable to the 
surcoat, and especially to that of a pursuivant. See Surcoat. 

Cock, sometimes called DunghUUcock, as a distinction from 
the heath-cock, etc., but as the other species are never mentioned 
without some additional epithet, no such distinction is necessary. 
See Heath-cock, Moor-cock, and Turkey-cock. 

Cockatrice : an imaginary monster resembling a wivem with 
the head of a cock, the tongue barbed. It occurs displayed, but 
is ordinarily borne with the wings endorsed. 

Ai^ent, a cockatrice sable, combed, wattled and membered 
gules. Langley, Chesh. 

Amphisien Cockatrice. See Basilisk. 

CocKE : a chess rook. (Legh.) 

M 



82 COCKLE-SHELL— COLLEGE OF ARMS. 

Cockle-shell. See Escallop. 

C(EUE : the heart. SemS of ccBurs is used by some heralds 
in blazoning the arms of Lunenburgh. 

C(EUR-PoiNT : the fess-point. 

Cognizance. See Badge. 

CoiNTisE : a tabard or surcoat. 

Collar of SS. See S. Collar of SS. 

Collared. See Gorged. 

Collateral position. See Marshalling. 

College of Arms. From the twelfth century there existed 
certain officers of arms known as Heralds (one of whom was the 
chief and bore the title of King of the Heralds) and Pursui- 
vants ; the latter being noviciates and candidates for the supe- 
rior offices. Other kings were subsequently appointed^ to whom 
provinces were assigned^ and at length Oarter was constituted 
chief officer of the whole establishment* 

The body was incorporated by King Richard III., and received 
further privileges from Edward VI. Queen Mary, on July 18, 
1555, gave the society Derby house, in the parish of S. Benedict, 
Paul's Wharf, now called Heralds' College. 

The corporation consists of thirteen persons, namely, tlie 
three Kings of Arms, — Garter, Ckrenceux, and Norroy, — with 
six heralds, and four pursuivants, whose precedence is regulated 
by seniority of appointment. 

The insignia of the college are argent, a cross gules between 
four doves, their dexter wings expanded and inverted, azure^. 
Crest : in a ducal coronet proper, a dove rising azure. Sup- 
porters : two lions rampant gardant argent, ducally gorged or. 

The Lyon Office, Edinburgh, and the Office of Arms, Dublin, 
have cognizance of the heraldry of Scotland and Ireland respec- 
tively, as the College of Heralds has of that of England and 
Wales. Each has one king of arms ; — Lord Lyon and Ulster. 

^ These seem to haye been the arms of bolical of his office ; the cross being that 

the family of Wryth, a member of which of S. George, and the doves (or pigeons ?) 

was Garter at the time of the incorpora- significant of messengers or pursuivants, 

tion of the College. It is not unlikely The arms of Wryth are however some- 

that they were granted to him as sym- times differently tinctured. 






COLOURS— COMPARTMENT. 83 

Colours. See Tincttjreb. 

CoLCMBiNE : the flower so ealled. It occurs 
in the -insignia of the Cooks' Company, as well 
as in the arms of several families. Coventrt, 
lord mayor of Londoa an. 4 Hen. VI. bore 
argent, a chevron sable, between three colum- 
bines azare slipped proper. Hall of Coventry 
(no doubt connected with the iamily of the lord mayor) bore 
the same, with an eatoile or upon the chevron. 

The columbine was a badge of the House of Lanca8ter<=. 

CoLUHN. Columns or pillars as generally borne in arms 
somewhat resemble those of the Tuscan order. 

Comb. Sable, three combs argent, are the 
arms of Tunstall of Yorkshire, one oi whose 
ancestors was barber to William the Con- 
queror. 

Jersey-comb. See Wool-comb. 

Combatant : a word expressive of the position of two lions 
rampant face to lace, as in the arms of King Eichard I. (See 
Arms, Royal.) 

Or, two lions (rampant) combatant galea, armed and langned 
azure, are the arms of Wycombe. The word rampant, though 
often used, is superfluous. 

CouBEL. See Fillet. 

Comet, or Blaztng-atar : an estoile of six points, with a tail 
extending from it in bend. 

Azure, a comet or. Cartwrioht, Scotland. 

CoHHiSB cross. See Cross Tau. 

CoHMDNiTT, Arms of. See Arms (XI.) 

Compartment : a term pecuHar to the heraldry of Scotland. 
An ordinary compartment is a kind of carved panel placed below 
the shield. It usually bears the motto, and the supporters stand 
upon it. It has no fixed form, but may be varied at pleasure. 

Other compartments are mentioned by Scottish heraldic 

writers, as that of the earls of Douglas, which was a circular 

* Archsologia, loL xxl. p. 240. 



\ 



84 



COMPARTMENT— CONJOINED. 




field or park enclosed by a wreathed hedge^ (similar in construc- 
tion to a Weir,) all proper. The Drummonds, earls of Perth, 
placed their escutcheon upon a mount strewed with cheval- 
traps, accompanied by the motto (on an escroll above the arms) 
Gang warily. 

Compasses. In the carpenters' and other 
arms, this instrument is borne expanded 
chevronwise. 

Complement: fulness. The moon in her 
complement (the only case in which the word 
is used) signifies a full moon. 

CoMPON^, or Gobone: said of an ordinary composed of small 
squares of two tinctures alternately, in one row. If there be 
two rows it is called counter compony (or compony counter 
compony) and if three checquy. 

Or, a bend compony, sable and ermine. 
Style. 

Argent, a fess counter compony, or and 
gules. Hillary, Norf. 

A bordure compony should consist of six- 
teen pieces or gobbits gyronwise. 

Composed Arms. See Arms, Composed. 

Compound. See ComponI:. 

Concession, Arms of. See Arms (VIII.) 

Coney: the rabbit. The family of Conisby, of Norfolk, 
bears gules, three conies argent. 

Confanon. See Gonfanon. 

Confront^ : said of two animals facing, or respecting each 
other, 

CoNOER, or Conger eel: a large eel found 
upon the British coasts. Argent, upon a 
pale sable a conger's head couped and 
erected or, is the arms of Gascoigne of 
Yorkshire. Some have erroneously described 
the charge on the pale as a demi lucy. 

Conjoined, or Conjunct : joined together. 










CONJOINED— CORDON. 85 

Wlien applied to annulets the term is sometimes confounded 
with interlaced. 

CoNTouRN^: turned (contrary to the general rule) towards 

the sinister. 

Contrary coonyed : an ancient term for gyronny. (Upton.) 

CoNTRE. See Counter. 

CoNTRE Hermines : the French term for ermines. 

CoNTRE trevis : an old term for party per fess. 

CooTE : the water-fowl so called. 

Copper : an instrument used by wire-drawers, 
and borne by their company in the city of London. 

CoppER-CAKE: this charge occurs in the arms granted to 
Chambers of London, 1723, viz. ermine, three 
copper cakes proper, on a chief gules, a chamber 
or. 

Corbie, Corbeau, or Corbie crow: a raven. This bird is 
borne by several families named Corbet and Corbyn. 

CoRDALs : the tasselled cords sometimes attached to mantles 
and robes of estate. 

Corded: said of a cross or other ordinary, or indeed any 
charge bound with cords. 

Cordon, or CordUihre : a silver cord which sometimes encircles 
the arms of widows. Its institution has 
been attributed to Anne of Bretagne, 
widow of Charles VIII. King of France, 
''who," says Ashmole, '^instead of the 
military belt or collar, bestowed a cordon 
on several ladies, admonishing them to live 
chastly and devoutly, always mindful of 
the cords and bonds of our Saviour Jesus 
Christ ; and to engage them to a greater esteem thereof, she 
surrounded her escocheon of arms with the like cordon^." 

^ Order of the Garter, p. ] 26. Ash- is not the slightest foundation. He also 

mole makes Anne of Bretagne the foun- attrihutes the cordon to unmarried ladies, 

dress of an order, of which the cordon whereas its only use is to distinguish the 

was the badge — an idea for which there arms of widows from those of wives. 






86 CORDON— CORONET. 

The cordon does not appear to have ever been much in use 
in England; it is, however^ occasionally painted upon funeral 
achievements. Tlie precise form and number of the knots is 
arbitrary®. 

Cornet : the musical instrument so called. The 
name is sometimes applied to a guidon. 

Corniced, or Comished: adorned at the ends 
with cornices or capitals. Crosses are sometimes so 
borne. 

Cornish Chough : a bird of the crow kind, very common in 
Cornwall. It is black, with red or orange-coloured 
beak and legs. This bearing was confined to 
Cornish families until Barker, Clarenceux, temp. 
Hen. YIII. granted it indiscriminately to any 
applicants for arms, and amongst others to Cardinal Wolsey, 
who was born in Suffolk. 

Argent, three Cornish choughs proper. Peneston, Corn- 
wall. 

Coronated. See Coronetty. 

CoRONEL. See Cronel. 

Coronet. Coronets do not appear to have been worn in any 
thing approaching their present form, except 
by females, till the reign of Edward III. 
From about that time coronets of various 
forms were worn (as it seems indiscrimi- 
nately) by princes, dukes^ earls^ and even 
knights, but apparently rather by way of 
ornament than distinction^ or if for distinc- 
tion, only (like the collar of SS) as a mark of gentility. The 
helmet of Edward the Black Prince, upon his eflSgy at Canter- 
bury, is surrounded with a coronet totally different from that 
subsequently assigned to his rank. 

Selden shews that coronets had acquired some approxi- 
mation to their present form in the reign of Henry IV., 

« Tlie amiB within the cordon repre- sable, RadclifpEi and sable, a saltirc 
sented above, are argent, a bend engrailed argent, Aston. 




CORONET. 87 

but it is probable that they were not strictly assigned to 
the several orders of the peerage until a period considerably 
later. 

The coronets at present in use in England are the follow- 
ing. 

I. Prince of JVales. The coronet of the Prince of Wales only 
differs from the royal crown in the; omission of one of the 
arches. It was formerly only the rim of the crown ; the arch 
was added in pursuance of a warrant of King Charles II. 
in February, 1660'. The coronets numbered III. and IV. were 
assigned by the same instrument. 

II. The Princess royal has a coronet composed of four fleurs« 
de-lis, two crosses, and two strawberry leaves ; one of the crosses 
appearing in the centre. Within the circle is a cap of crimson 
velvet turned up with ermine and closed at the top with a 
golden tasseL 

III. Other Princes and Princesses, sons and daughters of a 
sovereign. Their coronets resemble that of the Prince of Wales, 
but are without the arch. The cap as before. 

IV. Princes and Princesses, sons and daughters of the above, 
A similar coronet, except that strawberry leaves are substituted 
for the fleurs-de-lis. 

No coronet belonging to any peer not of the royal family 
should be adorned with jewels. 

V. Dukes. A circle of gold richly chased, 
and having upon its upper edge eight 
strawberry leaves, only five of which are 
seen in profile. The cap is of crimson 
velvet lined with white taffeta and turned 
up with ermine. At the top is a gold 
tassel. 

The expression ducal coronet signifies one of the form described 
above, without the cap, and usually shewing but three leaves. 
Such a coronet is often simply called a crotvn. See the arms of 
S. Edmund, p. 1. 

' This coronet is sometimes placed with one end of the arch towards the spectator. 




88 



CORONET— COTE HARDIE. 




Three of the 





VI. Marquesses, A rim of gold 
richly chaaed, supporting four straw- 
berry leaves and as many large pearls 
(or rather balls of silver) upon short points, 
leaves are seen in profile. The cap as before*. 

VII. Earls. A rim of gold richly 
chased, on the upper edge of which are 
eight strawberry leaves, and the same 
number of pearls set upon high points. 
The cap as described above. 

VIII. Viscounts, A chased circle of gold supporting twelve, 
or, as some say, sixteen pearls. The 
cap resembles those of the other coro- 
nets. This coronet was appointed by 
King James I. 

IX. Barons, A plain circle of gold having six large pearls 
upon it, four of which are seen in a drawing. ^^ ^ ^-^ 
The cap as before. This coronet was as- ^ J -^^ ^ 
signed to barons on their petition to King 
Charles II., soon after his restoration. Before that period they 
wore caps of crimson velvet turned up with ermine, and at a 
still earlier period, scarlet caps turned up with white fur. 

In 1665, King Charles II. granted his royal warrants to 
the kings of arms for Scotland and Ireland, for the peers 
of those kingdoms to wear coronets similar to those of the 
peers of England. 

See also Crest and Crown. 

CoRONETrfe : adorned with strawberry leaves, like the coronet 
of a duke. See Crown of Rue, which might otherwise be called 
a bend arche and coronett^. 

Cost: [Lat, Costa, a rib.] a diminutive of the Bend, con- 
taining one fourth part of the breadth of that ordinary. 
When in pairs they are called Cottices, 

Cote hardie : a surcoat. 



V In heraldic drawings the caps are frequently omitted. 




COTTICED— COUE. 89 

CoTTicBD, Cottised, or Accosted : said wf a bend borae between 
cottices, as in the annexed examples. 
Or,ahendcotticedBable. Ha.rlby, //er^. 
Gules, a bend argent, cotticed or. Cote. 
Azure, a bend argent, cotticed or, be- 
tween six lions rampant of the last. Bohon. 
The same term is often, thoi^b perhaps 
not quite correctly, osed with reference to 
fesses, chevrons and pales. 

Cottices, Cottisea, or Cottizet. See Cost. 
Cottices are mostly, if not invariably, borne 
in pairs, with a bend, or a charge or charges 
beadwise between them. See CoTTicEn, 

Unless wavy, nebulS, or dancett^, cot- 
tices beside bends are generally plain on 
the inner side. When otherwise notice should be taken of the 
pecnliaritr. 

Although the term cotticed is strictly applicable to the bend 
only, it is not un&equently applied to fesses, pales, chevrons, 
etc., and ordinaries are occasionally to be met with double, and 
even treble cotticed. An instance of cottising with demi fleurs- 
de-lis may be seen under the name of that bearing. 
Cotton-hank, or Btmdle of cotton yam. 
Azure, three cotton-hanks argent. Cotton. 
The usual position of cotton-hanks is upright, but they I 
likewise occur bar-wise. 

ConcHANT, or Couched; lying down**. Beasts thus blazoned 
should be drawn with their beads upright, to distinguish their 
position &om dormant. Their tails should be coward. See 
also Lodged. 

Couched. When applied to the chevron this term implies 
tiisA it issues from one of the sides of the escutcheon. The 
word dexter or sinister must be added to shew &om which. 
See Chevron couched. 
Cov£. See Coward. 

> G*ii xlix. 9i Numb. jsi». 9. 



8 




90 COVER— COUNTER-COUCHANT. 

Coy EB, of a cup. See Cup. 

Coulter, Lover, or Ploughshare, 

Counter. This tenn is employed with several variations of 
meaning. When applied to two animals it signifies that they 
are turned in contrary directions, as two foxes counter-salient 
in saltire. If but one animal is spoken of, it means that it faces 
the sinister, as a lion counter-rampant. Other applications of 
the word will be found under the heads Fleurt and Potent. 
For Counter-embattled see Embattled, and so for all similar 
terms not otherwise specified. 

Counter-camp. See Compohy -counter-compony. 

Counter-changed. This word, which is of very frequent 
occurrence in British heraldry, signifies that the field consists of 
metal and colour separated by one of the lines of partition 
named from the ordinaries, (per pale, per bend, etc.,) and that 
the charges, or parts of charges, placed upon the metal are of the 
colour, and vice versa. The arms of S. Bar- 
tholomew's Hospital, London, afibrd a 
simple instance. They are per pale argent 
and sable, a chevron counter-changed. 

When roundles occur in counter-changed 
arms, (whether cut through by the line of 
partition or not,) they are not called bezants, 
torteaux, etc. as in other cases, but retain the 
appellation of roundles. 

Counter-coloured. The same as the above. 

CouNTER-coucHANT. The prccisc signification of this term 
depends upon the words with which it stands in connection. 
Two lions accosted counter-couchant* means that they lie side 
by side, with their heads in contrary directions. Again, two 
lions counter-couchant in pale^ denotes that one occupies the 
upper part of the shield, and the other the lower, one facing the 
dexter, the other the sinister. One lion counter-couchant always 

i To these words should he added ^ To this form of hlazon should he 
« the dexter surmounted hy the sinister/' added the words <' that in chief to the 
or vice versa. dexter" or ''sinister" as the case may be. 




COUNTER-COUCHANT— COWARD. 91 

faces the sinister. The terms counter-passant, counter-rampant, 
etc. are used in the same way. 

Counter-ermine : the fur more commonly called Ermines. 

CJouNTER-GOBONY. See Co^YO^Y -counter-compony. 

Counter-pointed : two chevrons are sometimes thus bome^ 
one issuing from the base^ and the other from the chiefs their 
points meeting in the centre of the shield. 

CoupA : the French term for party per fess. 

CouPED^ or Coupy : cut off in a straight line^ as is often the 
case with the heads and limbs of animals. It is often important 
to say where a head or limb is couped. The same word is some- 
times applied to the extremities of ordinaries^ but they are more 
often said to be humetti. 

It is necessary to observe that an ordinary couped and voided^ 
differs essentially frt>m the same ordinary voided and couped. 
The cross^ for example^ would in the first case consist of but one 
piece^ and in the latter of four. 

Couped-biparted. See Parted. 

Couped, Close : cut off close to the head. 

Couped-fitched : couped^ but having a projecting point. 

CouPLE-CLOSE : a diminutive of the chevron^ of which it is 
one fourth the width. Couple-closes are always borne in pairs^ 
from, which circumstance they derive their name. They are 
often borne with the chevron^ which is then said to be between 
couple-closes^ or^ by some^ cotticed. 

Coupled : conjoined in pairs. See Chevron coupled, 

CouPY. See Couped. 

CouRANT; Current, or Cursani : running at frill speedy as the 
white horse of Hanover. 

Courb£. See Embowed. 

Cousu : sewed to. Some heralds use this term in blazoning 
arms^ containing a chief or canton of the same denomination 
as the fields (i. e. both of metal or both of colour^) to avoid the 
breach of the rule which forbids metal to be placed upon metal, 
or colour on colour. 

Coward, Cowed, or CouL A lion or other beast having his 
tail hanging between his hind legs, and usually reflected over 



92 



COWARD— CREST. 




his back^ is said to be coward. See the lions supporting the 
arms of Mortimer^ p. 93. 

Cramp^ or Crampoon : a piece of iron bent at each extremity, 
nsed for the purpose of strengthening a building. Cramps are 
generally borne in pairs, and are some- 
times (perhaps erroneously) called Fleams or 
Grapples. 

Ermine, two cramps in saltire, sable, 
TiDERLEiGH, or Tytherley of Tjftherleiffh, 
Dorset. 

Argent, a chevron gules between three 
crampoons erect, sable. Chetham, Stff. 

Crampet, Chape^ or Boteroll: the metal termination of a 
scabbard. A crampet or, the inside per pale 
azure and gules, charged with the letter X o^ 
the first, is a badge used by earl De la Warr. 

The name crampet is sometimes errone- 
ously given to the habicks in the arms of the 
Clothworker^s company. See also Spade- 
Iron. 

Crampoon. See Cramp. 

Crane : a bird which in heraldry is often confounded with 
the heron and stork. 

Crenelle. See Embattled. 

Crescent : a half-moon with the horns uppermost. The other 
positions of the half-moon will be found men- 
tioned under Increscent and Decrescent. 

A crescent is the ensign of the Turks, and 
was without doubt introduced into heraldry 
(properly so called) by the crusaders. It is 
also the mark of cadency assigned to the 
second house. 

Azure, a crescent argent. Lucy, Lond. 

Gules, a crescent or. Otterborne. 

Cresset. See Beacon. 

Crest : a figure anciently affixed to the helmet of every com- 
mander, for his distinction in the conAision of battle, and 





CREST. 9» 

certainly la uae long before the hereditary bearing of coat 
armour. It is not unfreqnently confounded with tbe badge or 
cognizance, which is a totally different thing. 

Though the use of crests in actual warfare may be traced to 
a Tciy remote periodj they do not appear to have been coa- 
sidered as in any way connected with the family arms, until about 
the end of the thirteenth or the commencement of the foUowing 
century. The royal crest of England, a lion upon a cap of 
estate, appears for the first time during the reign of King 
Edward III., either upon his third (?) great seal, or upon a 
quarter-florin piece coined about the same time. It continaes 
the same to the present day, but is now generally placed upon 
the royal crown. 

Crests were originally confined to a few, and g^ven by 
royal grant, and even to this day there are several old families 
who have never used them. Some families bear two or 
three. 

Ancient crests were, for the moat part, the heads of animals, 
or plumes of feathers. Such inappropriate figures as rocks, 
clouds, and rainbows, were never used for crests while heraldry 
was in its purity. 

Unless the contrary be expressly mentioned, a creat is always 
to be placed upon a wreath, and such was, in general, the most 
ancient practice, nor was it until the time of Cooke, Clarenceux 
snb Eliz., that the ducal coronet and the chapeau (which 
is also proper to a duke) were indiscriminately granted'. 

' Tha crest of Edmimd Honimet, taxi many eaquire* bued of the second, orer 

of Mirch, (who &11 uiiDescutcheoD of the flnl: Mosti- 

died in 1434,) mer. 2. uiA 3. or, > emu gulea: Db 

ii pUeed upon Buroh. CTCSt, out of b ducal coronet 

a ducal coronet proper, ■ plume of feithen azure. Snp- 

upoD his (caL porters, two lions gardant a^tlit, tlieir 

The anni are , tails eowud and reflected orer their 

I. and 4. harry backs. 

of six argent i The crest of SiiSitnonde FELBkiooK, 

and aiure, on K. O. (a plonie of seven feathers in one 

a chief of tlw height, ermine) is placed upon a ducal 

flrst, two pal- coronet gules upon his stall-plate at 

lets between » Windsor; "which erown in that age," 



94 CREST— CROSE. 

Mural and other crowns are occasionaUy used in the same 
way. 

The assumption of crests by clergymen^ as commonly practised 
in England^ is very improper in itself^ and unsanctioned by 
ancient precedent. 

No ladies are entitled to bear crests^ with the exception of 
sovereign princesses. 

With respect to corporate bodies^ it will be generally admitted 
that they may bear the arms of their founders just as the 
founders themselves bore them^ but upon what other principles 
societies can use helmets and crests (as many of the mercantile 
companies of London do) is a question not easily answered. 
The oldest crest (as far as we can ascertain) used by a corporate 
body, is one of the two borne by the Tallow-chandlers. This is 
said to have been granted in 1463. 

Crested : a term used when the crest of a bird is spoken 
of. 

Crevice: the cray-fish: a corruption of the French Are- 
visse. 

Cri de Ouerre. Many ancient mottoes were war-cries, as 
that of the kings of France: — mont joye et saint denis, or, 
more properly, mon joye saint denis. Scottish heralds term 
such cries Slughoms. See Motto and note 1, p. 93. 

Crined : a word used with reference to the hair of a man, or 
the mane of a horse, etc. when of a different tincture from their 
bodies. 

Crocodile. See Sea-dog. 

Croix, Rouge, See Pursuivants. 

Cronel or Coronet: the head of a jousting 
lance, somewhat resembling a crown, whence its 
name. 

Argent, a bend between three cronels sable. 
CoRNALL, or Crownall. 

Crose. See Grose. 

says An8tis, " wa« a proof that he was a tTarmes, Sf de cry, which cry or motto 
gentleman (as the term was) de nom, was nmzjuver." He died 1442. 




CROSIER. 



95 



Crosier^ or CrosAer. This word is properly restricted to the 
crook of a bishop or abbat. We shall 
however notice the cross-staff of the pope, 
and those of patriarchs and archbishops, 
under the same head for the sake of con- 
venience. 

The staff of the pope is a triple cross, 
that of a patriarch a double cross, and 
that of an archbishop a single one™ 
These, as well as all other pastoral staves, 
greatly vary in detail in different ex- 
amples. The annexed cut represents the 
cross-staff of Archbishop Warham, (who 
died 1520,) from his tomb at Canterbury. 
It is borne of this form, but not so highly 
ornamented, in the ensigns of the archi- 
episcopal sees of Canterbury, Armagh, 
and Dublin. See Pall. 

The crosier of a bishop ends in a curve re- 
sembling that of a shepherd^s crook, from 
which there is every reason to believe it 
was derived, notwithstanding the opinion 

of Dr. Clarke" and others, that its 

origin is to be traced to the lituus 

of the priesthood of pagan Rome. 

There are many existing specimens 

of episcopal staves, which, while 

they all retain the general form of 

a crook, differ very much in their 

enrichments. In heraldry the 
simple form shewn in the margin is gene- 
rally adopted. 

The pastoral staves of abbats resembled 

n There is at least one instance (and accompanied by the staff patriarchal, 

that in a MS. at Lambeth, executed by a ■ '' On the Lituus of the ancient 

herald for Archbishop Laud himself) of Romans," Archsologia, vol. xix. 
the arms of an archbishop of Canterbury, 





96 



CROSIER— CROSS. 




those of bishops. " Though" says Dr. Milner® '^ there was no 
law to restrain them from vieing with the bishops in the magni- 
ficence of their crosiers^ as was the case with respect to their 
mitres^ yet there was a rule which required them to hang a 
sudarium or veil to their staffs^ by way of token, that their 
authority was of a secret and subordinate nature. This token, 
however, was generally laid aside by the abbats of exempt abbeys, 
but it is always seen attached to the crosiers of ab- 
besses, from which it is seen floating like an orna- 
mented flagP. The bishop is directed to turn the 
crook of his crosier as he holds it in his left hand for- 
ward towards the people, whereas the abbat ought to 
turn his backward towards himself^." Although there 
is reason to believe that these rules were never strictly 
observed in England, the crosier is perhaps more fre- 
quently placed in the left hand of the effigy of a bishop, 
and in the right hand of that of an abbat. The hand which 
does not hold the crosier is generally extended in the attitude 
of benediction. 

Cross : the principal ordinary amongst those termed honour- 
able. The word cross without any addition, 
signifies a plain cross, which, it is said, should 
occupy one fifth of the shield when un- 
charged, but when charged one third. Its 
use as an heraldic ensign may be traced to 
the time of the first crusade, in which the 
principal nations of Christendom were dis- 
tinguished by crosses of different colours, as 
has already been noticed under Badges. 

** And on his brest a bloodie crosse he bore, 
The deare remembrance of his dying Lord, 
For whose sweete sake that glorious badge he wore, 




u **0a the Limerick crosier." Arch., abbey of S. Benedict at Hulme in Nor- 

vol. xvii. folk. 

p A pastoral staff with the sudarium <i Ceremoniale episcoporum. lib. ii. 

attached, occurs in the insignia of the c. 8. 



CROSS. 97 

And dead, as liring ever, him ador'd : 

Upon liis shield the like was also scor'd, etc. Spenser.' 

Several ancient famiUes bear plain crosses without any other 
charges. A few examples follow. 

Argent, a cross sable. Raynsford. 

Argent, a cross vert. Hussey, Line, 

Azure, a cross argent. Ayl^esbury, Wartv, 

Azure, a cross or. Shetton, Norf. 

Or, a cross gules. Corsby, Scotl, 

The plain cross as well as many of those following, may be 
engrailed, invected, couped, voided, parted, and treated in many 
other ways, which to recapitulate here would only lead to con* 
fusion, but which are sufficiently explained under the terms 
themselves. 

Two or more crosses are sometimes borne in the same coat. 
They are then couped, but it is not necessary to mention that 
circumstance, because they could not be otherwise. 

Or, three crosses gules. De la mayne. 

The other crosses occurring in British heraldry are those which 
follow. Others are mentioned in some heraldic treatises, but the 
following are all (with the exception of a few compound ones) 
that are known to have been at any time used in this country, 
and of these some are only accidental varieties. 

Cross anchored, or anered. This seems to be an accidental 
variety of the cross moline, from which it differs only in the 
greater comparative length of the claws. 

Cross ofS. Andrew, See Saltire. 

Cross anntUetty. See Annuletty. 

Cross avellane. So called from its re- 
semblance to four filberts (nuces avellanse). 

Vert, a cross avellane argent. Syden- 
ham, Comb, Somers. Granted 1757. This 
is the only instance which has been ob- 
served of the use of this cross as a 
charge. 

' Faerie Queen, b. i. c. 1. st. 2. 
O 




VH 



CROSS. 




Cross bolionnee, sometimes called trejflee. 

Argent^ a cross bottonnee gules. Holm. 

Argent, a cross bottonnee sable. Win- 
AvooD, Bucks. 

Cross Calvary, A passion cross elevated 
upon three steps, which it is said are sym- 
bolical of the three Christian graces, Faith, 
Hope, and Charity. 

Cross cerclde, cercelee, or recercelee, that is 
to say circled, often confounded with the 
cross sarcellee, which implies cut asunder. 
It is an accidental variety of the cross 
moline, from which it differs in being curled 
round at the points. Such a cross appears upon 
the seal of Anthony Bee, Bp. of Durham. 

Cross of S. Chad. See the Cross potent qttadrat in the centre, 
infra. 

Cross clechie. This signifies voided, but 
is also used for a cross similar to that in the 
margin. The arms of Sir Thomas Banaster, 
K. G. as depicted upon his stall plate at 
Windsor, were argent a cross clechee sable, 
though some say that he bore a cross pointed. 
Ob. 2°. Ric. II. 

Cross crossed. See Cross crosslet fixed. 

Cross counter-quartered. Any description of cross may be so 
termed when the field is quarterly of two tinctures and the cross 
counter-changed. 

Cross crosslet, or Croslet. 

Vert, a cross crosslet or. Berry, Oxon. 

One of the Beauchamps, (afterwards earls 
of Warwick,) upon going to the Holy Land, 
added to his former coat, (gules a fess or,) six 
crosslets of gold. 

This sort of cross is perhaps more often 
borne fitchcd than otherwise. 





CROSS. 



99 



Cross crosslet crossed*. 

Gules^ a cross crosslet crossed^ or. Chaderton. 

Argent^ a cross crosslet crossed (or^ as Leigh expresses it^ 
double-crossed^) pattee [at all the extremities] sable. Barrow. 

Cross crosslet fixed^ or Cross crossed. This resembles the cross 
crosslet^ but extends to the sides of the escutcheon. 

Cross crosslet pattSe. Each extremity being formed like those 
of the cross patt^. 

Argent^ a cross crosslet pattee sable. Wykersley. 

Cross degraded and conjoined: a plain 
cross, having its extremities placed upon 
steps joined to the sides of the shield. The 
number of the steps should be mentioned, as 
it is sometimes four, and sometimes as many 
as twelve. 

Argent, a cross degraded and conjoined, (or 
issuing from eight degrees,) sable. Wynt- 




WORTH, 

Cross disjointed. Rather a cross (first) 
voided and (then) couped. 

Cross enirailed. This cross, which is 
always sable, is said to be borne by the 
name of Carver. Being an outline only, 
the colour of the field is seen through it. 

Cross erminSe, See Cross of four ermine- 
spots. 

Cross fleury^: a plain cross couped, having 
the upper part of a fleur-de-lis attached to 
each extremity. It is often confounded 
with the cross patonce. 



oflp 



<? 




T 




* Tlic true signiiication of this term 
seems to be a cross 
composed of four cross 
crosslets, but Gerard 
Leigh represents it 
otherwise. How it is 
drawn in the arms of 
Chaderton we have 
no means of ascertaining. Diff^'rcnt 




branches of that family bear several un- 
usual forms of crosses. 

* Some writers term the cross repre- 
sented above a cross couped fieury, and 
say that the cross fleury resembles the 
patonce, except that the outer leaves are 
more curved and not so pointed. This 
is doubt fuL 



100 



CROSS. 




Or, a cross fleury sable. Lamplugh, Lamplugh, Camb. 
Sable a cross fleury argent. Braham, Windsor, 
See also Parted. {Triparted II.) and Cross moline sar- 
celled. 

Cross four cMe, or Cross miller rebated. 
Per pale, or and vert, a cross fourch^e 

gules. HlNGHAM. 

Cross gemelle : the cross potent crossed. 

Cross of S. George, Argent, a plain cross 
gules. 

Cross of S. Jtdian ; a cross crosslet placed 
saltirewise argent. Such a cross sable is 
borne by the family of Julian. 

Cross, Long, See Cross, Passion, 

Cross Maltese, or of eight points, A cross 
of this form is the badge of the knights 
of Malta, and of many other orders. The 
points symbolize the eight beatitudes. 
Matt. vi. 

Cross miller, or millrind. This seems to 
be an accidental variation from the cross 
moline. 

For the same rebated, see Cross four- 
chee. 

Cross moline. So called from the fer de 
moulin or millrind, from which it is derived. 
It is not to be pierced unless the blazon 
directs it. 

Azure, a cross moline or. Moltneux, of 
Hawkley, Lane, Many other families of the 
same name bear crosses moline variously 
pierced and tinctured. 

Argent, a cross moline gules. TJve- 

DALL. 

This cross is also employed as a mark of 
cadency. 





CROSS. 



101 




Cross moline sarcelled, or voided throughout, cross recerceUe, 
or recersile, or recerceUe voided or disjoined, 
which has also been called a ci'ossfleury bi* 
parted. This is borne by the names of 
Enollys^ or Knowles, and Vemey. 

Gules^ a cross moline sarcelled argent. 
Beg. 

Cross of four batons, otherwise biparted. 
See Parted. 

Cross of four ermine-spots, or tails, by 
some very ambiguously called a cross ermine, 
and also a cross erminee. It consists of four 
ermine-spots placed in cross^ their heads 
meeting in the fess-point. 

Argent, a cross of four ermine-spots sable. 
HuRSTON, Chesh.^ 

Cross of four pheons. Disposed in the 
same manner, their points nearly meeting 
in fess. 

Cross pall. See Fall. 

Cross, Passion, or Long. This resembles the true cross in 
form, but seldom occurs. When raised on 
three steps it is called a Calvary Cross. 

Cross pater-noster. Composed of two 
strings of beads< It differs from a cross of 
roundles in size and in the number being 
indefinite. 

Cross patonce. Sometimes incorrectly 
called pattee, and very often confounded 
with the cross fleury. We give two ex- 
amples, slightly differing in form. 

Azure, a cross patonce or. Ward, 
Yorksh. The same arms have been ascribed 
to King Egbert. 





>^ The compiler has seen a MS. wherein are placed tail to tail. This seems de- 
the ermine-spots in the arms of Hurston, cidedly a mistake. 



102 



CROSS. 




Oules^ a cross patonce or. Latimer, Northamp. 

Gules^ a cross patonce vair. Aubemarle. 

A cross patonce occurs in the arms of King Edward the Con- 
fessor. See p. 1. 

Cross patUe, or/orw^e. 

Sable^ a cross pattee^ or. Allen. 

Argent, a cross patt^e, per saltire, gules and 
azure. Ingham Abbey, Norf. 

This cross (like many others) may be 
fleury. A family named Dymock bears one 
(gules in a field argent) with one engrail (or 
semicircular cavity) in each end. They are 
very often fitched, or fitched at the foot. 

The Cross patt^e alis(e, or globical, is a circle in general 
outline instead of a square. 

The Cross pattie entire, fixed, ferme, or throughout , extends to 
the sides of the shield. 

Argent a cross pattie fixed sable. Woodhouse. 

As an example of a somewhat unusual application of the 
cross pattee, we add the arms of Newland of Southampton, 
Argent on a chevron, the upper part terminating in a cross 
patt^ (i. e. three arms of such a cross, and the upper part 
of the chevron itself, which makes the fourth) gules, three 
bezants. A similar chevron is borne by the families of Strong 
and Methuen, of Scotland. 

Cross patriarchal, A double cross, that 
is one having two horizontal bars. See 
Crosier. 

The arms attributed to Rodolphus or 
Ralph, archbishop of Canterbury 1114 — 
1122^ are sable a cross patriarchal argent. 

Or, on a cross sable, a cross patriarch of 
the field. Vesey, Fmc. de Vesci, 

A cross patriarchal gules fimbriated or, was a badge of the 
Knights Templars. 

Cross of S. Patrick, Argent, a saltirc gules. 




CROSS. 



103 



Cross, plain. See Cross, 

Cross pointed, aiguissie, champaine, or 
urdSe, 

Argent, a cross pointed and voided sable. 
DuKENPiELD, Bart, 

Cross pomel, or bourdonnee. A plain 
cross terminating in four round knobs. 

Argent, a cross pomel sable. Wasseley, 
or Wasterley. 

Cross potent. So called because its arms 
terminate in potents. It is also called a 
cross baton, and Jemsalem cross, from its 
occurrence in the insignia of the kingdom of 
Jerusalem, established by the Crusaders. 
These arms are argent, a cross potent be- 
tween four plain crosslets or. It is observ- 
able that in this coat metal is placed, con- 
trary to the general rule, upon metal, a 
peculiarity which is said to bear allusion to 
Ps. IxviiL 15. The five crosses unquestion- 
ably symbolize the five wounds of Christ. 
Motto, or war-cry, Beu^ uult. 

Sable, a cross potent or. Allen, Flnchley, Middx, 

Azure, a cross potent fitchee or, is the coat ascribed to King 
Etheldred. 

A somewhat unusual variety of the Cross 
potent occurs in the insignia of the episcopal 
see of Lichfield and Coventry — per pale 
gules and argent, a cross potent quadrat in 
tlie centre (or nowy quadrat) per pale of the 
last and or, between four crosses pattee, those 
on the dexter side silver, those on the sinister 
side gold*. These arms are attributed to S. Chad, the first 
bishop of Lichfield. 

« Tliis appears to be the most correct blazon, but the five crosses are often counter- 
changed. 





104 



CROSS. 




Azure, a/cross potent engrailed or. Brenchesley. 

This should not be engrailed on the outer sides of the 
potents. 

Gules^ a cross potent crossed, or. Chederton. 

Argent, a cross potent crossed sable. Crowcher. 

This implies that each arm of the cross is crossed by another 
piece, halfway between the potent and the 
fess-point. 

Crosa gtuirter-pierced, or quarter-voided, 
called by some heralds Checquy of mne panes 
or pieces. It is generally borne with four 
charges upon it, or between five. 

Some call this a cross sqtuire pierced, but 
that term should be confined to a small 
quadrangular aperture. 

Cross recerceUe. See Cross cercelee, and Cross moline sar^ 
celled, A cross voided and couped is sometimes called by the 
same name, and a cross borne within the voiding of another a 
cross recercelkd of another, but this should rather be blazoned a 
cross cottised. 

Cross ringed. See Annuletty. 

Cross saltire. See Saltire. 

Cross tau, commisse, or of S. Anthony, who is always repre- 
sented with such a cross embroidered upon 
the left side of his garment. 

Or, a cross tau azure. Friary of S. An- 
thony, London, 

Ermine, on a chief indented gules, three 
cross taus or. Thurland, Notts. 

Argent, a cross tauy gules, in chief, three 
crowns of thorns proper. Tauke. 

Cross urdie. See Cross pointed. 

Cross tareathed. See Wreathed. 




y Some say a quarter of a cross potent, 
oouped at the l>ottoni,but Ihis is certainly 
wrong. Modern painters have changed 



tlic cross into a Roman T, and the crowns 
of thorns into garlands ! 



GROSS— CROWN. 105 

Fer Cros9 : a division made by two lines^ one perpendicular^ 
the other horizontal, crossing each other in the centre of the 
field; usually termed quarterly. 

Cross-bow. See Bow. 

Cboss-stapp. See Crosieb and Stavp, Cross. 

Crossed. See Cross potent crossed^ 

Crosslet : a small cross of whatever form : a term sometimes 
used when several crosses are borne in the same coat, but usually 
to signify a cross crosslet. 

Crouch, or Ootc^(;Ae; across. Cross crouch. See Cross /K>/6n/. 

Crow, Cornish. See Cornish Chough. 

Crown. This word occurring in blazon without any addition, 
usually implies a ducal coronet without the cap, and generally 
shewing but three leaves. 

Crown royal of England, often called an Imperial croum. The 
forms of the crowns worn by the kings of 
England, may be seen in the series of royal 
heads in the Companion to the Glossary of 
Architecture, but in this place they must be 
considered only in their connection with 
armorial bearings. The earliest instance of 
the royal arms being ensigned with a crown of which we are 
aware, has already been noticed under Arms, Boyal, Hen. 
YI. At this time the crown had attained its present form 
with the exception of the number of arches. The arms of 
Edward IV. (as shewn under the same head) are surmounted 
by the rim of the crown only, which is adorned with crosses 
pattee and fleurs-de-lis' as at present, but without the same 
restriction of number. The crown of Richard IIL shews five 
semi-arches, that of Henry VII. (see Badges) shews but four, 
and his successor's only three, as usual at present, although 

■ This combination of crosses and land, renders this supposition yery im- 

flowers seems to symbolize our Lord and probable. The Blessed Virgin, moreorer, 

the Blessed Virgin Mary. Some hare is continually symbolized by lilies, which 

supposed the flowers to denote France, the flowers upon the circle of the Royal 

but their association with crosses patt6e, Crown may be supposed to represent 
which are certainly not insignia of Eng- 




106 



CROWN. 



seldom met with so until about the time of James 11.^ before which 
five semi-arches were generally shewn. The crown last referred 
to is^ however^ irregular in the number of its crosses and flowers. 
In the earlier examples of the royal arms the circle alone is not 
imusual, as in the case of Edward IV/s arms noticed above^ and 
the Badge of Queen Mary. 

The crown of Spain, as used by King Philip 11.^ consort of 
Queen Mary of England^ was a circle of gold jewelled^ supporting 
eight strawberry leaves. Four ogee arches^ pearled, were some- 
times added^ meeting under a mound and cross pattee. No cap. 

The croum of Scotland, as borne by James VI. before his 
succession to the throne of England, exactly resembled the 
imperial crown of Great Britain. It is represented under 
Scotland, Crest. This differs essentially from the actual 
crown of Scotland, discovered in Edinburgh castle in 1817. 

The croum of Hanover. The electorate of Hanover having 
been constituted a kingdom, the bonnet which had hitherto 
been placed over the insignia of that state, was exchanged for a 
crown in pursuance of a royal proclamation dated June 8, 1816. 
Its form may be seen under Knights, Hanoverian order. 

The croum of Charlemagne. This crown 
having been borne by five kings of England 
as Archtreasurers of the Holy Roman Em- 
pire, claims a place in the armory of Oreat 
Britain. No minute account of its decora- 
tions will be necessary here; we therefore 
merely give its form as generally depicted in the arms of our 
kings. 

The croum of a king of arms is of silver gilt, and consists of a 
circle inscribed with the words miserere 

MEI DEUS SECUNDUM MAGNAM MISERICOR- 

DiAM TUAM% supporting sixteen oak leaves, 
each alternate leaf being somewhat higher 
than the rest. Nine only of these leaves are 
seen in profile. The cap is of crimson satin, 

• Psalm li. 1. 





CROWN. 107 

turned up with ermine, and surmounted bj a tassel of gcJd. 
The crowns of kings of arms formerly resembled that of the 
aovereign, or sometimes ducal coronets. 

The other crowns used in British heraldry follow in alpha- 
betical order. 

Aniigue crovm. The Eastern crown is sometimes so called, 
as is also that with which the unicorn supporting the royal arms 
is gorged. The latter is in fact the rim of the crown royal. 

Celestial crown : a. crown resembling the Eastern, with the 
addition of a radiant star in the form of a mtdlet npon each 
point This is used chiefly, if not exclusively as an ornament 
npon the achievements of deceased ladies. 

Civic crown ; a wreath of oak acomed. This crown was highly 
esteemed by the Romans, who conferred it upon public bene- 
factors, especially upon him who had saved the life of a citizen 
in battle. This, like all crowns composed of leaves, should be 
tied with a ribbon. 

Ducal crmoa. See Cosonbt. 

Eaatem, or Antique crown. Crowns like \ 
this were anciently worn by Orientfd princes, 
as appears by their coins. 

Imperial crown: the crown peculiar to the 
German emperor, which forms part of the 
crest of Stokes of Cambridgeshire. In 
English arms the crown royal of these 
realms is olten so called, as being depen- 
dent upon no earthly power whatever. 

Mural crown; formed of battlements 
masoned. Among the Romans such a 
crown was given to the soldier who first 
ascended the walls of a besieged fortress 
and planted their standard. 

Naval erowm : a circle, having upon its 
upper edge four masts of galleys, each with 
a topsail, and as many stems placed alter- 
nately. It is said to have been invented by 




108 



CROWN— CROWNED. 





the Emperor Claudius as a reward for sea-service. The form of 
this crown varies considerably in different examples. 

Crown palisado. A circle with paHsades 
upon it. It was given by the Roman generals 
to him who first entered the enemies' camp 
by breaking through their outworks. It is 
also called crown vallar, or vallary, in Latin 
corona vaUaris, from vallus^ which is equi- 
vocal with the English palisade. It is often 
(though less correctly) represented as the 
second figure. 

Papal crown. See Tiara. 

Crown of Rue. The ancient arms of the dukedom of Saxony^ 
were barry of eighty or and sable. The bend 
was added by the Emperor Frederick Bar- 
barossa^ when he confirmed the dukedom to 
Bernard of Anhalt, who desiring some mark 
to distinguish him from the dukes of the 
former house^ the emperor took a chaplet of 
rue which he had upon his head^ and threw 
it across the shield. These are the paternal 
arms of His Royal Highness Prince Albert. 

This bearing is sometimes called a ducal coronet in bend, and 
sometimes^ more properly, a bend archy cortmetty. Its tincture 
in the arms above named is vert. 

Crown of Thorns. As in the itrms of 
Tauke, blazoned under Cross potent. 

Triple crown. See Tiara. 

Triumphal crown : a chaplet of laurel or 
bay, with berries. 

Crown vaUary, or vallar. See Crown 
palUado. 

Crowned. A ducal coronet is implied 
unless some other be expressly mentioned. 

Argent, a lion rampant gules, crowned 
or. Hilton, Lane. 






CROWNED— CURRENT. 



109 





Or^ a lion rampant aznre^ carowned gales. Cltybbon. Essex. 

Cbozier. See Cbosibb. 

Crucifix. Such a chai^ occurs in the arms of Butler^ earl 
of Glengall^ and in the insignia of the episcopal see of Water- 
ford. 

Crucily, Crusilly, or Cnuuh/i sem^ of 
cross crosslets. 

Crutch^ PUgrimfs, See Staff. 

Crt of war. See Cri de Guerrb. 

Crystal. See Chrybtal. 

CxjBiT ARM : an arm couped at the elbow. 

Cuirass^ or Breastplate : a charge in the coat of 
Balbemji of Scotland. 

GvissE. See Quisb. 

CULTBR. See COULTBB. 

CuLYERiN, or Chamber-piece: a short 
cannon. Example: argent, a culYcrin dis- 
mounted in fess sable. Leigh. 

CuF. There are scYcral kinds of cups 
which occur in heraldry. What is generally 
meant by the term resembles a plain dialice. 
Another kind is represented in the margin, 
but this seldom occurs. Argent, three such 
cups azure, are the coat of Athull. 

The second figure represents the ooYcred 
cup, which is borne by many families of 
the name of Butler. Cleyerb or CiiEaybr 
bears argent, a coYered cup sable. 

Sable, three coYcrs for cups argent. 

KOYBRDAU. 

Cuf£. See Couped. 

« 

CuFPA, or (hgppy. See Potent ccvnter 
potent. 

CuPFULEs, Bars. Bars gemeUes. 
Curlew. See under Sea-mew. 
Current, or Cursant. See Courant. 




110 



CURRIER'S SHAVE— DANISH HATCHET. 




Currier's shave. See Shave. 

Curved-recurved : bent in the form of the letter 8, synony- 
tnons with Flexed refiexed^ and Bowed embowed. 

Cushion. The arms of Becard are argent three cushions 
lozengewise gules^ tasselled or; those of 
Oreystock^ gules^ three square cushions 
argent. There is no necessity to mention 
the tassels unless they are of a different 
tincture. Cushions are sometimes fringed. 

CuTTiNG-iRON : R tool uscd by patten- 
makers^ and borne by their company. 

CuTTiNO-KNiFE. See Knife. 

Cyonet royal : a swan gorged with a ducal coronet^ having 
a chain afiSxed thereunto and reflexed over its back. It should 
rather be blazoned a swan proper, ducally gorged and chained 
or, a cygnet being properly a young swan. 

Cynkfoil. See Cinquefoil. 





ACRE'S KNOT. See Knots, 
Damasked. See Diaper. 
Dancett£ or Dancy : one of the Unes of par- 
tition, differing firom indented (with which the 
old heralds often confound it) only in its 
comparative size. The division called |7er 
fe88 dancett6 has but three indentations, 
unless particularly described otherwise. 

Or, a fess dancette sable. Vavasour, 
Yorksh. 

Dancetti per Umg. See the arms of 
Poynter, under Pily. 




Double dancette, or rather, double doumset. 
Chevron. 
Danish axe. See Axe. 
Danish hatchet. See Hatchet. 



See Bend and 




DEAN— DECRESCENT. 1 1 1 

Dbah. See Achieteuknts. 

Debasid: Berersed. 

Debeoised : B term applied to an animal having an ordi- 
nary or other charge placed over it, and over part of the field. 
Example: argent a lion rampant gules, 
debnused with a ra^^ staff in bend 
thronghont or, being an angmentation given 
hy King Charles VI. of Franee, to Sir Ale- 
xander Stuabt, knight, and since borne by 
the fomily npon an inescutcbeon over their 
paternal arms"; (or, a fess checquy ai^nt and 
aznre.) It will be observed that this differs 
essentially from a lion charged with any 
bearing. 

Azure, a lion rampant argent, debnused 
with a bend gulea. Wayland, Kent. 

The word debrnised is occasionally applied 
in a somewhat different sense, viz. to express 
the way in which one charge overlays another : e. g. a chevron 
fretted with a barrulet, the former debrnised on the dexter side. 

For another application of the word, see Bend delnruued, and 
Chbtbok debruised. 

DECBAvssfi. See Disueubkrbd. 

Deckbd : said of feathers trimmed at their edges with a 
different colour. 

Declinant, or Reclinant. Applied to the tail of a serpent 
when hanging down. 

Dechxhent : the moon in her decrement is what is generally 
termed a decrescent. 

Decsescent: a half moon whose horns are turned to the 
sinLster. 

' Or, In Boine inaUncc*, quarterlj of the funiljr haTiDg ilun ■ lion with ■ 

with their patcm*! coat, in the fint uid club,) aee ui intemting paper by Mr. 

fbnrth quirten. For further informa- J. C. Brooke, read before the Sac. of 

tioa reepecliDg thii vnj' mrious aug- Aniiq. Jul; 6, 1775, end printed in the 

mentation, (whicb wu, in all probabiUlj', Archaologift. 
intended to commemorate the fact of one 



112 



DEER— DEVICE. 




Deer. See Bbin-deeb and Stag. 

Defamed : a term applied to a lion or other beast who has 
lost his tail. Drfamed looking backwards^ occurs in ancient 
blazon for counter rampant regardant, the lion being supposed 
to be flying firom an enemy. 

Degoutt£. See Gurri. 

Degraded: placed upon degrees, grieces, ascents, or steps. 
See Crosses Calvary and degraded. 

Degrees: steps. 

Dejected: hanging down, as the head or tail of an 
animal. 

Delf, or Delphf (plural Delvei.) This word (derived from 
the verb delve, to dig) is the name of a charge re- 
presenting a shovelful of earth. When tenne, it is 
the abatement due to the revoker of his challenge. 

Argent, a chevron between three delves gules. 
Delves. 

Demembr£. See Dismembered. 

Demi, or Demy : half. When an animal is spoken of, its upper 
or fore half is always intended; when any thing inanimate, 
generally the dexter half per pale. 

Demufleur-de-lis, The fleur-de-lis may be divided either per 
pale, or per fess ; the former is usually intended. 

Demi-garter* See Garter. 

Demi-kutt. See Hull. 

A demi-lion may be passant, rampant, or 
in any of the other positions. 

Argent, (another or,) a demi-lion rampant 
gules, is the coat of Mallort. 

See also Issuant. 

Demi-vol: one wing. See Vol. 

Dented, or Dentelle. See Indented. 

Depressed : surmounted or debruised. 

Detriment. The moon in her detriment, is the same as a 
decrescent, or according to some the same as when eclipsed. 

Device: "A motto, emblem, or other mark by which the 




DEVICE— DIMINUTIVE. 1 18 

nobility and gentry were distinguislied at toomaments'." It 
differed from a badge or cognizance only inasmucb as it was an 
arbitrary and often temporary distinction, whereas tbe badge 
was often borne by many of tbe same bouse succeasively. 

Dbvelloped : unfurled. 

Dktoueino. See Vobant. 

Dbxthk : tbe right hand side of tbe shield, being that to the 
left of the spectator. 

Deiter base point, and 

Dexteb chief foiht. See Points. 

DiACLE : a term used by Legb, by which I 

he probably means the escallop shell. 

Diamond. See Sable. 

DiAPEB : a very ancient mode of relieving 
the plain tinctures of fields and charges by 
arabesque and other patterns, generally of a 
darker shade of the same colour. Such deco- 
rations being considered merely ornamental, 
and not as essential parts of tbe arms, were 
left to the &ncy of the painter or sculptor. 
Some species of diapering have been mistaken 
for fretty. 

Die. 

Oules, three dice ai^ent, on each five (six?) 
spots in front, two upoo the top, and three on 
the sinister side, sable. Mathias, Land. 

This coat of arms evidently alludes to the election of S. Mat- 
thias to the apostleship. 

DiFrAM£. See Defaued. 

Differences. See Cadency, Marks of. 

Dihidiation: a halving: chiefly used with reference to a 
method of joining the arms of a husband and wife, which was 
used before the introduction of impaling. See Mabbhallino. 

DiMiNPTioNB OP ARMS. See Cadency, Marks of. 

Dihinutivb. The diminutive of an ordinary is of the same 
' Nfeyrick. 



114 



DIMINUTIVE— DISTILLATORY. 




form as the ordinary itself, but narrower, and never charged. 
See the name of each ordinary. 

Disarmed : said of a beast of prey borne without teeth or 
claws, or of a bird of prey destitute of beak and talons. 

Disclosed : said of a bird with the wings open, but pointing 
downwards. It is synonymous with the terms overt, flotant, 
hovering, and displayed wings inverted. When the points of the 
wings are upward, the term disclosed elevated 
is sometimes used, but more often displayed. 

Dish, or Standish, 

Azure, three dishes argent. Standish,!^. 

Dismembered, or Dechaussi, These epi- 
thets are applied to a lion whose head, feet, 
and tail are cut off, but left so near the parts 
whence they were severed that the outline 
of the animal remains the same. An in- 
stance occurs in the arms of Maitland, 
earl of Lauderdale, which are thus blazoned: 
or, a lion rampant dechausse, within a double 
tressure flory coimter-flory gules. 

Displayed : expanded. Principally used 
to express the position of the eagle and other 
birds. The first figure shews an eagle dis- 
played {wings elevated) which is what is 
generally intended by the phrase ' an eagle 
displayed,' and the second the same, wings 
inverted. The difference appears to be an 
accidental one. 

Or, an eagle displayed vert, armed sable. 

MOVTHERMER. 

Or, an eagle displayed gules, armed azure. 
Pevensey. 

Distillatory: borne by the Distillers' 
company, and usually blazoned 'a distilla- 
tory double armed, on a fire, with two worms 
and bolt-receivers.' See also Limbeck. 






DISTILLATORY— DOLPHIN. 



115 




Another still is represented in fig. 2. 
Such an one argent, is the crest of Wynino- 
TON, London. 

Distinctions. See Cadency, Marks of. 

DisvELLOPED : displayed or outspread. Applied to a flag. 

Diverse. The arms of Stapleton of Cumberland^ (argent 
three swords, the pomels meeting in fess, the points extending 
towards the comers of the escutcheon, gules,) have been blazoned 
' three swords diverse.* Others say ' in triangle, pomel to pomel.* 

Divisions. See Party. 

Dog. See Aland, Talbot, and Sea-dog. 

Dolphin: a fish, which though in reality straight, is (in 
English heraldry) usually, if not always, 
borne embowed. The word dolphin alone, 
implies that its position is naiant, but for the \ 
sake of accuracy it is better to describe it as 
such. 

Azure, a dolphin naiant embowed argent. 
FiTz-jAMEs, Dorset. 

Sable, a dolphin naiant embowed proper, 
vorant a fish of the last. James. 

Sable, a dolphin haurient^ or. Dolfin- 

TON. 

Two dolphins haurient are occasionally 
borne together, sometimes endorsed, some- 
times respecting each other. 

The dolphin was one of the insignia of 
the Eastern empire : hence it is used as a crest and badge by 
the Courtenays, three. of that illustrious family having been 
emperors of Constantinople. 

In France the king's eldest son, who was called the Dauphin, 
bore or, a dolphin haurient embowed azure, quarterly (in the 
first and fourth) with the arms of France. He had a crown 
closed with four dolphins. 

' Dolphins being almost always borne understood to be so unless blazoned 
bowed-embowed, (like fig. 2,) are usually otherwise. 




116 



DOMED— DRAGON. 




Domed: having a semi-globular roof. 
Towers are not unfirequently so borne. 

Azure> a tower embattled and domed 
argent^ the port gules. De la tour. 

Dominion^ Arms of. See Arms (I.) 

Dormant : sleeping^ with the head resting 
upon the fore paws. 

DoRSED : shewing the back. Particularly 
applicable to hands. 

Dosser. See Water-bouoet. 

Double dancett^^ etc. See Dancett£^ etc. 

Doubling : the lining of a mantle or robe of state^ which 
should in all ordinary cases be of the principal fur or metal of 
the arms. If or^ or argent^ it is supposed to be of cloth of gold^ 
or white fur. 

Dove-cot^ or Dave-house. Sable^ 
three dove-houses argent^ are the arms 
of Sapcot^ or Sabcotes; and argent^ 
three dove-houses sablej those of Cop- 
cot. 

Dovetail: a line of partition of re- 
cent origin. Edmonson says that it was 
first introduced into English heraldry in 
1720. 

Quarterly per pale dovetailed, gules 
and or. Bromley, Horse-keath, Cambr. 

DowNSET. See Dancett^, Double, and 
Fracted. 

Dragon : a fictitious animal very 
common in heraldry, especially as a 
crest or supporter. It occurs sans 
wings. 

Argent, a dragon rampant sable. Dau- 

NEY. 

Argent, a dragon volant in bend sable. 
Ratnon, Kent. 





DRAGON— DUPARTED. 1 1 7 

** After Ambrosius succeeded Uter . . . called Pendragon, of his royal 
banner bom ever before him; wherein was pourtrayed a dragon with a 
golden head, as in our English camps it is at this day bom for the Imperial 

standard*" Baker'R Chronicle*. 

Rouge Dragon ; a favourite badge of King Henry YII. and 
the title of a pursuivant established by that monarch. 

See also Sea-dbaoon. 

Deaoon's head. See Tenn£. 

Deagon's tail. See Sanguine. 

Deapeav: a standard or other flag. Drapeau quarrie: a 
square banner. 

Dea WING-BOARD. See Oeose. 

Deawing-ieon : a tool used by drawers of 



i 



gold and silver wire^ and forming part of 
the armorial insignia of their company. 

Ducal coeonet. See Coeonet. 

Ducipee: the chapeau^ which formerly pertained to the 
ducal rank only. 

DuFoiL. See Twyfoil. 

Duke : the highest title in the British peerage. While our 
sovereigns styled themselves dukes of certain portions of their 
continental dominions^ as Normandy and Aquitaine^ they did 
not bestow the title upon even the highest of their subjects. 
Edward 11.^ nearly at the close of his reign^ gave his title of 
duke of Aquitaine to his heir apparent^ in whose person it was 
ere long merged in the higher style of king of France. The first 
dukedom created in England was that of Cornwall^ which king 
Edward m. in the eleventh year of his leign^ A.D. 1337> con- 
ferred upon the Black Prince his son^ since which every eldest 
son of a sovereign has been duke of Cornwall firom his birth. 

DuN-ELY. See Gad-fly. 

DuNG-FOEK. This differs from a trident only in the handle 
being quite plain^ and the teeth not barbed. 

Argent, three dung-forks two and one, prongs in chief, sable. 
WoETHiNGTON, Wofihington, Yorksh. 

DuPAETED, or Biparted. See Paeted. 

• p. 4. 



EAGLE— EARL. 



^ AOLE. An eagle was emblazoned upon the 
X standard of the Romans, and 

Iv^Xn* *l™08t every state which haa • 
^ since assumed the designatioD 
of an empire, has likewise taken the eagle 
for its ensign. The German emperors 
(who claimed to be considered the suc- 
cessors of the Ceesars of Rome) bore or, 
an eagle with two heads' displayed aable, 

armed gules. An eagle is also home by the emperor or 
C2ar (that is Cteaar) of Russia. The eagle of the so called 
empire of France, under Napoleon Buonaparte, must occur 
to all. 

For the several positions of the eagle, see Displayed, and 
Preying. 

Argent, three eagles displayed gules, 
armed or. Robert de Eolesfield founder 
of Queen's college, Oxford. Borne by 
the college. 

An Imperial eagle is one borne as in the 
arms of the German emperors*. 

Eaglet : the diminutive of eagle. When two or more eagles 
occur in the same coat, (not being a royal coat,] and are not 
separated by an ordinary, they are by some heralds blazoned 
e^lete. See Lioncel. 

Ear op corn. See Wheat. 

Earl : the third order in the British peerage, corresponding 

' In some eximplea > crown is placed bonic by UTer*) subjectn of Oreat Bri- 

■boTB the heads oF ihe eagle. The heads Uin) are placed upon the iinpenat 

tie geoenlly encircled bjr ninihi, (ume eagle. The arms of the duke of M«rl- 

U.J placed before bewuit*,) a» in the an- borough, the earl of Denbigh, earl Cow- 

Dexed cut. per, etc., may be seen tliua dispoied in 

a Tbe etcutcheona of princes and EdmandsoD, and other works relating to 

Gountaof theHoly Boman£nipire(lille* the peerage. 



EARL— EEL-SPEAR, 119 

with the French Comte^ and the Oerman Grave. The name is 
of Saxon origin^ an Goyl amongst that people being the governor 
of a shire. The first hereditary earl in England was Hugh 
of Avranches^ sumamed Lupus^ to whom William the Conqueror 
gave the county palatine of Chester. 

Earl Marshal. See Marshal. 

Eastern crown. See Crown. 

Eau, Giitt^ (T. See Gutt£. 

Eclipsed. The sun or moon when borne eclipsed^ is drawn 
exactly as when in his glory^ or her complement^ but black. 

EcvssoN. See Inescutcheon. 

Edged. For the di£Perence between this term and Fim- 
briated^ see the latter. 

Edmund^ S. King of East Anglia and Martyr. The banner 
of S. Edmund was azure^ charged with three crowns or. Lyd- 
gate describes another banner called by the name of the same 
Saint^ being a red flag embroidered with Adam and Eve stand- 
ing by the tree^ around which the serpent is entwined. Above 
the tree are the agnus Dei within a circle^ and seventeen stars^ 
each of five points. Both these banners are represented in an 
iUnmination in the Harleian MS. No. 2278. 

Each coronet in the arms of S. Edmund is sometimes repre- 
sented transfixed with two golden arrows in saltire^ points 
upward. They were so borne by the abbey of S. Edmund^s 
Bury. 

S. Edmund is one of the patrons of England^ and of the most 
noble order of the Garter. 

Edward, S. King of England and Confessor, one of the 
three patrons of the kingdom and the order of the Grarter. 
The arms attributed to him and emblazoned upon the banner 
bearing his name are azure, a cross patonce between five mart- 
lets or. 

Eel, Conger, See Conoer-eel. 

Eel-spear : a kind of fork used in taking eels. 

Sable, a chevron between three eel-spears, (fig. 1,) 
points downwards, argent. Stratele, or Stratley. 




120 



EEL-SPEAR— EMBORDURED. 




There is a charge in the bearings of the company 
of Soapmakers^ called an eel-spear^ which is altogether 
different from the aboTC. Its shape is that of the 
third figure. See also Harpoon. 

Eguisc£. See Aiouisi. 

EioHTFoiL. See Huitfoil. 

Electoral bonnet. See Bonnet. 

Elevated. When applied to wings, this term 
signifies that the points are upward. 

Emanche. See Maunch. 

Emaunche : a term applied to a fess^ which may be otherwise 
described a dancette of two (i. e. with two 
points uppermost) and couped. 

Embattled, Battled, CrenelU, or Ker- 
nelled: a line of partition resembling a row 
of battlements, from which it derives its 
origin and its name. When a fess or other 
ordinary is said to be embattled, it implies 
upon the upper side only. 

Per bend embattled argent and 
gules^. Boyle, Middx, 

Or, a fess embattled sable. Abber- 
BVRY, Owon, 

Battled embattled, or Battled grady. 
This is of very rare occurrence. (*) 

Bretessi: said of an ordinary em- 
battled on each side, the battlements 
being opposite to each other. 

Embattled amnter embattled : when 
the battlements on one side of an ordinary are opposite to the 
indentures of the other. 

Emblazon. See Blazon. 

Embordubed: a term seldom or never found in British 





h That is to say, the upper part argent, 
the lower gules. Another branch bears 
per bend embattled gules and argent, and 



another per fess embattled gules and 
argent 




EMBORDURED—EMER ASSES. 1 2 1 

heraldry^ signifying that the bordure is of the same tincture as 
the fields and only distinguished from it by the shadow. Such 
a coat is blazoned thus : — gules^ embordured. 

Embowed^ or Courbe: bent, or bowed; 
as the arm of a man. See also Dolphin. 

On a wreath or and sable, a dexter arm 
embowed vambraced proper, the gauntlet 
holding a sword below the hilt, in bend 
sinister, point downwards, argent, hilt and 
pomel gold. Crest of Gwin, Wales and 
Berks. 

Sable, three dexter arms vambraced, couped at the shoulders, 
embowed to the sinister, two and one, the upper parts in pale, 
the lower fesswise, each holding in the gauntlet a sword erectj 
all proper garnished or. Strongithabm. 

Bowed counter embowed: said of two arms bowed in opposite 
directions, as in the crest of Bentinck described under Abm. 

Bowed embowed: bent in the form of the letter S : it is also 
called Annodated, Torquedy and Flexed reflexed. See Dolphin, 
(fig. 2). 

Embraced. See Braced. 

Embrued : bloody, or dropping with blood. Weapons are 
often thus blazoned. They should then be drawn with drops of 
blood falling from them. 

Emerald. See Vert. 

Emerasses, or Ailettes : small escutcheons affixed to the 
shoulders of an armed knight ; sometimes shield-shaped as those 
of Sir Simon de Felbrigge, K.6., on his sepulchral brass at Fel« 
brigge, Norfolk, which are charged with the cross of S. George, 
and sometimes circular as those of a knight of the Turvile 
family at Wolston, Warwickshire*, which are charged with the 
arms of the knight himself. 

Square emerasses with the arms of the bearer, generally 
denote that he was a banneret^. 

* Engnyed in Dugdale's Warwick- ^ See the figure of a knight of the 

shire. Howard family at East Winch church, 



122 ENALURON— ENGLAND. 

Enaluron : a term applied to a bordure charged with eight 
birds. A bordure enaluron of eagles^ signifies a bordure charged 
with eight eagles, which is indeed a much better way of blazon- 
ing it. The word enaluron is, according to Sir George Mac- 
kenzie, a corruption of the French en orle, but more probably 
from en aileron. 

Enarched. See Chevron inarched. 

En arriere. See Arriere. 

Encefp^: girt or collared about the middle, as apes and 
monkeys are often borne. 

Endbnted. See Indented. 

Endorse, Endorce, or Indorse : a diminutive of the pale, of 
which it is one fourth, or according to some authorities, one 
eighth. It bears exactly the same relation to that ordinary as 
the cottise does to the bend. 

Endorsed. See Addorsed. The word is also used to signify 
placed between two endorses, as, a pale endorsed. 

Enfiled. When a sword is drawn with the head of a 
beast, a coronet, or any other object so placed that the blade 
pierces it through, the sword is said to be enfiled with such an 
object. 

England, Armorial insiffnia of. The insignia of England as 
borne by King William I. (if indeed he bore 
any,) were gules, two lions (or leopards) pas- 
sant gardant in pale or. Upon the marriage 
of Henry II. with Eleanour of Aquitaine he 
added another lion for that duchy, and no 
alteration has taken place since. 

The ensigns used as those of England during 
the great rebellion, were the cross of S. George, which was 
placed in a shield, having another with the harp of Ireland on 
its sinister side. 

For the alterations which have taken place in the external 

Norfolk, in Weever's Funerall Monu- Cambridge Camden Society's Monu- 
ments, p. 847. and that of Sir Roger de mental Brasses, No. II., and also in the 
Trumpington, which is engraved in the Archaeological Journal, vol. i p. 199. 




ENGLAND— ENSIGNED, 123 

ornaments of the arms of the kings of England, see Arms, 
Royal. 

Bordure of England, See Bordure. 

Crest, Royal: a lion passant gardant uro:i a chapeau. See 
ArmSj RoyaL Edw. III. 

Hon of England: a lion passant gardant or. 

English falchion. See Falchion. 

Englishman's head. See Heads. 

Englislet : an escutcheon of pretence. (Feme.) 

Engoulant, or Ingullant: swallowing or devouring. See 
Vorant. 

Engrailed, or Ingrailed: a term applied 
to the cutting of the edge of a border, bend, 
or fess^ &c., into small semicircular indents, 
the teeth or points of which enter the field : 
the contrary of invected. 

Argent, a bend engrailed sable. Rad- 
cliffe, SusseXy etc. 

Crosses (pattee generally excepted) and 
saltires are not to be engrailed at their ends. This remark is 
especially applicable to two or more plain crosses or saltires 
occurring in the same coat. 

Engrossing block : a part of the crest of the 
company of gold and silver wire drawers of ^ 
London. 

Enhanced^ or Enhansed: applied to a fess, chevron, bend, 
or other ordinary borne higher than its usual place. See 
Bendlet. 

Enlev£ : raised or elevated : often synonymous with en- 

hanced. 

En pied. See Pied. 

Enquiry, Arms of See AvLUEspour enquirir. 

Enraged. Some heralds apply this term to the horse, when 
borne in the position which, in the case of beasts of prey, would 
be called saliant. 

Ensigned. a shield or charge having a crown, coronet or 





124 



ENSIGNED— ENURNEY. 




mitre placed above it^ is said to be ensigned with such a 
crown^ etc. A staff is sometimes said to be ensigned with a 
flag. 

Enti^^ or Ante: a French word signifying engrafted* It is 
used in several senses by foreign heralds^ but ^ 
the only cases in which it was ever employed 
in the heraldry of Britain^ are in the arms of 
King Philip^ consort of Queen Mary^ and 
the royal arms as they were borne while our 
kings were sovereigns of Hanover. See 
Arms, Royal, Maby^ and Georob I. In the 
first instance the pomegranate of Granada^ 
and in the other the white horse of ancient Saxony is enie en 
bascy or enpointe, or^ as others have blazoned the arms^ borne on 
a Tfoii^T pointed, (which see.) 

Entier. See Entoire. 

Entire^ Throughout, Fixed, or Firm : words chiefly used with 
reference to crosses (as the cross pattee^) which are ordinarily 
disjoined from the sides of the escutcheon^ when borne other- 
wise. They are equally applicable to labels^ lozenges, mascles, 
etc. 

Entoire, or Entoyer : a term analogous to enaluron, but only 
used when the charges are things without life, as roundlets, 
escallops, and the like. The remarks under Enaluron are 
equally applicable to the present word. 

Entoured : (derived, like the last, from the French entour^, 
surrounded.) A shield decorated with branches, (an ornament 
not strictly heraldic,) is said by some to be entoured with 
them. 

Entrailed : outlined, always with black lines. See Adum- 
bration, and Cross entrailed. 

Entwisted, or Entwined: terms applicable to any charges 
around which serpents, or laurels or other plants are loosely 
twisted. See also Enveloped. 

Enurnby : a word analogous to Enaluron, used when a bor- 
dure is charged with eight beasts. 



ENVECKED— ERECT. 



125 




Envecked. See Inyected. 

Enveloped^ or Enwrapped. The arms of Yauohan (or 
Vahan^ Wales, etc.) are azure^ three boys' 
heads affront^^ couped at the shoulders 
proper^ crined or^ each enveloped (or en- 
wrapped) about the neck with a snake vert. 
The words enttoiated and entwined are some- 
times used in the same sense. 

Environed^ or EnvbronnS : said of an animal having a wreath 
about the head or neck^ and also of a principal charge sur- 
rounded by secondary ones. 

Enwrapped. See Enveloped. 

Epimacus. See Opinicus. 

Episcopal staff. See Crosier. 

Eploy£ : an unusual term for displayed. 

Equire. See Squire. 

Equis£. See Aiouis£. 

Er : a contraction of the word Ermine^ often used in armorial 
memoranda. 

Eradicated : said of a tree torn up by 
the roots. 

Oules^ the trunk of a tree eradicated and 
couped^ (or rather snagged^) in pale^ sprout- 
ing two slips argent. Stockden^ alias Bo- 
rough. Borough, Leic. 

Erased, Eraced, or Erazed : violently 
torn off, leaving a jagged edge. The term 
is chiefly applied to the heads and limbs of 
animals. 

Azure, a wolfs head erased argent. Huffh 
de Abrinds, called Lupus, earl of Chester. 

Erased close, signifies that the head is torn 
off without any part of the neck remaining 
attached to it. 

Erect : placed perpendicularly as the hand in the baronet's 
badge, and the conger's head in the arms of Gtiscoigne. (See 






126 ERECT— ERMINES. 

p. 84.) The word should not be used with relation to any 
charge whose ordinary and natural position is upright^ as a 
flower or a tree^ but is very proper for leaves and fruit* The 
tail of a lion may also be erected^ that is^ stretched out perpen- 
dicularly« The word is used with relation to elephants^ beavers, 
and reptiles, instead of rampant, and to crabs and lobsters 
instead of haurient. 

Ermine, or Ermin : the fur most frequently used in heraldry. 
It derives its name from the ermine or mus Armenicus, a small 
white beast whose fur it is. The black spots 
are the tails of ermines, sewed to the white 
fur for its enrichment. 

The word Ermin is used by Chaucer in 
the sense of Armenian. 

^'Ne non Ermin, ne non Egiptien*." 

The arms of the ancient dukes of Brit- 
tany were pure ermine. 

The following examples of ancient ermine spots will shew 
some of the changes which have taken place in the form of that 
bearing. 

The first is an ermine spot as represented upon the 
surcoat of Sir Robert du Bois, upon his tomb in Fers- 
field church, Norfolk. He died 1311. 

Ermine spots like the second figure, appear upon the 
stall-plates of Sir Walter Paveley, one of the first 
knights of the Garter, and Sir Thomas Banaster his 
successor in the stall. The first died 1375, the other 
1378. 

The third figure is an ermine spot from the stall- 
plate of Sir Simon de Felbrygg, K.G., who died A.D. 
1422. 

When a bend is ermine, the spots (like all other 
charges placed upon a bend) must be beudwise. 

Ermin^e, Cross. See Cross of four ermine spots. 

Ermines: a fur resembling ermine in pattern, but having 

» Tlie Monk's Tale, 14344. 






ERMINES— ESCALLOP. 



127 



the tinctures reversed^ the field being sable^ and the spots 
argent. 

Erminites^ or Erminetes: a far exactly resembling ermine 
with the addition of one red hair on each side of every spot. 
This absurd fur (for it is contrary to the first principle of 
heraldry — prominent distinction) is happily seldom or never 
used. 

Erminois™ : a fur (like the two last) of comparatively recent 
origin. The earliest example which the compiler has noticed 
is in the crest of a family named More, residing at Newington 
Butts, Surrey, A.D. 1576. Its form is the same as ermine, 
the field gold, the spots black". 

Ermtn. See Ermine. 

Errant. See Haurient. 

Escallop, or Escallop shell. This is the badge of a pilgrim^. 
Thus Sir Nicholas de Villiers who followed King Edward I. 
into Palestine, is said to have laid aside his 
ancient arms, and to have assumed the 
cross of S. George in token of his country, 
and five escallop shells thereupon, or, in re- 
membrance of the expedition. The family 
of D^ACRE too, derives its name and arms 
(gules, three escallops argent) from an 
ancestor who distinguished himself at the 
siege of Acre. The escallop is also a sym- 
bol of the Apostle S, James the Great, who 
is generally drawn in the garb of a pilgrim. 
The abbey of Reading, Berks, being under 
the patronage of that saint, bore azure, 
three escallops or. 





" ** That vilest of all modem heraldry." 
Sir N. H. Nicolas. 

n The French call all the above furs 
and pean, Hertnines, adding (except in 
the case of simple ermine) the names of 
the tinctures. Thus instead of Erminois 
they say d'or, temi d*hermines de sable. 
What we call ermines they generally call 



contre-hermines. Besides Ermine, Er- 
mines, Erminois, and Pean, a solitary 
instance occurs of red spotted with white. 
This is in the arms of Deobodt, Ireland, 
which are argent, a cross gules, sem^e of 
ermine spots argent 
o " Give me my scidlop^sheU of quiet 
My ttaff of faith to walk upon ; 



128 



ESC A LLO P— ESCROLL . 




Argent, an escallop gules. Prelate, Glouc. 

Azure, an escallop or. Boytonne. 

EscABBUNCLE, or Carbuficle : a precious stone of such bril- 
liance that it was formerly believed by the vulgar to be capable 
of shining in darkness. In heraldry this brilliance is repre- 
sented by rays or spokes. Some however prefer the name 
Escarboucle, and say that the heraldic charge is intended for a 
buckle used for the purpose of fastening a 
military scarf to the shoulder of the wearer. 

'* His sheld was all of gold so red, 
And iherin was a bores bed, 
A cbarboDcle beside." Chancer p. 

The escarbuncle appears in perhaps the 
earliest remaining example of armorial 
bearings in England — upon the shield of 
G-eofiOy de Magnaville or Mandeville, earl of Essex, in the 
Temple church, London. He died 1144^. 

The number of rays should always be mentioned, as it is some- 
times six, and sometimes as many as twelve. Some authors 
have called the staves pomettee and floretty, nor is this alto- 
gether needless, as some examples are noioyed, 
or pometty, and others only floretty. Many 
ancient examples (that of Magnaville above 
mentioned amongst the number) are formed 
somewhat after the manner of the escarboucle 
in the arms of Anjou as represented in the 
margin. They are gules, a chief argent, over all an escar- 
boucle or. 

EscABFE. See Scabfe. 

EscHECQUE. See Checquy. 

EscocHEON. See Escutcheon. 

EscBOLL, or Scroll: a long strip of parchment bearing the 




My scrip of joy, immortal diet ; 
My bottle of salvation ; 
My goum of glory (hope's true gage) 
And thus I'll make my pilgrimage." 

Sir Walter Ralegh, 



P Rime of Sire Thopas, 13798. 

4 It is, however, doubted whether the 
effigy is older than 1185, the date of the 
consecration of the church. 



ESCROLL— ESQUIRE. 



129 





motto. It is for the most part placed below the arms^ but 
sometimes^ especially in Scotland^ above the crest. Scrolls are 
occasionally found in both these positions. 

Escrolls occur as charges in the arms of 
Sir Roger de Clarendon^ natural son oi 
Edward the Black Prince^ who bore^ or^ on 
a bend sable^ three ostrich feathers argent, 
the quills transfixed through as many escrolls 
gold. 

Escutcheon : The shield whereon arms are usually depicted. 
For its various forms see Shield. 

Argent, three escutcheons gules are the 
arms of Hay of Scotland. A single one borne 
as a charge is called an inescutcheon. 

Escutcheon of Pretence : a shield contain- 
ing the arms of an heiressi placed in the centre 
of her husband's arms instead of being im- 
paled with them. See Marshalling. 

The Escutcheon reversed, or, more properly, reversed inescut- 
cheon, is mentioned as an abatement. 

Points of the escutcheon. See Points. 

EsPALLADE, Croum. See CRowiJ palisado. 

EsQUiBE, Equire, Esquierre, or Squire [from the French 
esquerre, or ^querre] : a figure similar in form to a gyron but 
capable (it is said) of being extended quite across a shield, which 
a gyron is not, as it must proceed from the fess-point. 

The arms of Mortimer (earls of March) 
are barry of six or and azure, on a chief 
of the first, three pallets between two based' 
esquires (some sKygyrons or gyronnies) of the 
second; over all an inescutcheon argent. 
Others have blazoned the chief thus : on a 
chief azure between two cantons per bend 
or and the last, dexter and sinister, as many 




' In old books this word is often spelled hatU 

S 



1 30 ESQUIRE— ESTOILE. 

pallets gold. It is hardly necessary to say that the former 
blazon is much better. 

EsQuiBE : [Lat. Armiger, Fr. Escuyer :] a gentleman of the 
rank immediately below a knight. It was originally a military 
office, an esquire being (as the name implies) a knight's attend- 
ant and shield bearer. 

Esquires may be divided into five classes : he who does not 
belong to one or other of them, ixi&y> or may not, be a gentle- 
man, but is no esquire. 

I. The younger sons of peers and their eldest sons. 

II. The eldest sons of knights and their eldest sons. 

III. The chiefs of ancient families are esquires by prescrip- 
tion. 

lY. Esquires by creation or office. Such are the heralds and 
Serjeants at arms and some others, who are constituted esquires 
by receiving a collar of SS. Judges and other officers of state, 
justices of the peace, and the higher naval and military officers 
are designated esquires in their patents or commissions. Doctors 
in the several faculties and barristers at law, are considered as 
esquires, or equal to esquires. None, however, of these offices 
convey gentility to the posterity of their holders. 

Y. The last kind of esquires are those of knights of the bath, 
each of whom appoints two to attend upon him at his installa- 
tion and at coronations. 

White spurs were formerly the distinction of esquires, as gilt 
ones were of knights. See also Helmet. 

Esses. See S. and Knights, Esses. 

EssoBANT. See Rising. 

ESTENDART. ScC StANDABD. 

EsTOiLE, or Star: a star of six points wavy. 
Estoiles sometimes occur with a greater num- 
ber of points, as eight, or sixteen : in such 
cases the points should be waved and straight 
alternately, unless especially directed to be 
otherwise. 

Sable, an estoile argent. Inoilbt, Yorksh, Other branches 




ESTOILE— FEATHERS. 



131 



of the same family bear the estoile with eighty and sixteen 
points. 

See also Stab^ Pole. 

Ewer. See Layer-pot. 

Expanded^ or Expanaed: displayed. Some writers would 
confine the term displayed to birds of prey^ and apply the word 
expanded to tame fowls, but such a distinction appears to be 
totally groundless, and unnecessary. 

ExTENDANT. This is also used in the sense of displayed, and 
likewise to signify that some charge generally found curved, (as 
a serpent,) is borne straight. 

Eyrant, or Ayrant: applied to eagles and other birds in 
their nests. 

Eyry : the nest of a bird of prey. 




see.) 




AGGOT. This was borne by the now 
extinct company of Woodmongers, of 
London. 
Falchion : a kind of Sabre, (which 
That represented in the annexed figure is 
often termed an ancient English falchion. 

Falcon. This bird is generally represented 
with bells and jesses. The falcon and fetter-lock 
were a badge of Edward IV. 

False heraldry : incorrect blazon of any kind, 
but generally understood to signify the placing of colour 
upon colour, or metal upon metal, which is, except in a few 
extraordinary cases, contrary to a fundamental principle of 
heraldry. 

Family arms. See Arms (IY.) 

Fan, or Fane. See Vane. 

Feathers were anciently much used as crests and badges, 





132 FEATHERS. 

and sometimes as charges. Thus a plume or 

pyramid of feathers azure^ issuing from a ducal 

coronet^ was the crest of Mortimer. An example 

of their use as charges may be seen in the coat of 

Sir Roger de Clarendon^ given under Escroll. 

In case the quill should differ in colour from the 

rest of the feather^ the term penned, quilled, or shafted, may 

be employed. 

A plume of ostrich feathers is now the cognizance pecuUar to 
the Prince of Wales, although such feathers were formerly borne 
by other members of the royal family, and even by the house of 
Somerset [Beaufort] illegitimately descended therefrom. Thus 
in the MS. Harl. 304, we read that 

'* The ostrich fether sylver and pen gold is the kings. 
The ostrich fether pen and all sylver is the princes. 
The ostrich fether gold y* pen ermyne is the duk of Lancasters. 
The ostrich fether sylver and pen gobone is the duk of Somersetts." 

The usual account of the reason for the assumption of the 
plume of ostrich feathers by the Princes of Wales, is thus stated 
by Sandford, in his description of the battle of Crescy : — 

" Among many eminent persons which died that day [Aug. 
26, 1346] on the French part, John of Luxemburg, king of 
Bohemia, fell by the conquering hand of prince Edward, who 
deplumed his casque of those ostrich feathers, which in memory 
of this victory became his cognizance, sometimes using one 
feather, sometimes three, (as appeareth by his seals and on his 
tomb%) with scroles containing this motto^iCH dien, that is, 
I serve; meaning thereby John, king of Bohemia, that he served 
the French king in his wars, and was his stipendary/^ 

That Sandford himself did not place much faith in this rela- 
tion appears from what follows : — 

■ Upon the monument of this prince sable, charged with three ostrich feathers 

at Canterbury cathedral, are several erect, 2 and 1 or, each quill passing 

shields containing France ancient and through an escroll argent, inscribed 3£c^ 

England quarterly, with a label of three Oicne. Contrary to general practice these 

points argent ; alternately with others feathers droop to the sinister. 



FEATHERS. 133 

"Others make it prince Edward's devise, alluding to the 
Tords of the Apostle, 'That the heir, while he is a child, differeth 
nothing from a servant*:' and this is the 
more probable conjectnre, seeing that 
the feathers and this motto have ever 
since been borne byourprinces of Wales, 
heirs apparent to the kings of this 
realm, with the addition (by the more 
modern) [i. e. from the time of Edward, 

Prince of Wales, afterwards king Edward VI.] of a coronet 
within which they are encircled. Nor were these feathers and 
motto so confined to the direct line of these princes, bat that 
they have been made use of as a device, (with due distinctions,) 
by collateral branches, both of the royal house of Lancaster and 
York"." 

"In opposition," says Mr. Willement, "to the foregoing ac- 
count, which is not supported by any earlier writer than 
William of Walsingham, we find that on all the seals of this 
John, king of Bohemia, hia crest is the expanded wing of an 
eagle, probably derived from the ancient arms of that kingdom, 
which were gules, an eagle displayed with two heads, checqu€e, 
or and sable j and if the prince's cognizance took its origin from 
the event before alluded to, how did it become applicable to the 
other members of the royal family' ?" 

The MS. before quoted, states that the ostrich feather was a 
badge of King Edward III. The private seal of King Bichard 
11., has one on each side of the arms, and many other 
instances of its use by various branches of the royal fm 
house may be seen in the plates to Sandford's Genea- fm 
logical History. vM 

A feather ermine, the pen issuing from an escroll, ,31 
was a badge of John of Ghent. He sometimes bore T^ 
three such feathers in a sable field. 

A plume of feathers strictly consists of three; if more, the 

' GiL W. 1. ' Heraldic notice) of CuiltrborjrCaUie- 

B Gened. Hist, of England. £d<r. III. dni, p. 4S. 



134 



FEATHERS— FESS. 



number should be mentioned. If there be more rows than one 
they are termed heights; as a plume of nine ostrich feathers in 
two heights, which may also be designated a double phone of nine 
ostrich feathers. Triple plumes sometimes occur^ in which^ as in 
double plumes^ each height contains one feather less in num- 
ber than that immediately below it. The number seems in 
some cases (as in the crest of Mortimer already mentioned) 
to be indefinite. Such plumes are often called pyramids of 
feathers. 

Femme : the heraldic term for a wife. See Baron. 

Fer-de-mouline^ Millrindy MiUrine, or Inke de mouUne: 






" that piece of iron that beareth and upholdeth the moving mill- 
stone ^^' Perhaps no charge has a greater diversity of forms 
than the present. It is indeed generally dravm like the first 
figure^ but frequently resembling the others. The cross and 
saltire moline are in fact the same thing as that under con- 
sideration^ although custom has made a distinction in their 
forms and names. 

Oules^ a fer-de-mouline argent. Ferre. 

Or^ a fer-de-mouline azure. Moltners. 

Or^ a fer-de-mouline gules. Marshall. 

The ordinary position of the fer-de-mouline is erect^ but it 
may be borne fesswise. 

Fermaile. See Buckle. 

Fess^ or Fesse : an ordinary derived from a military belt or 



7 Gibbon. 



FESS— FIELD. 



135 




girdle. It should contain^ according to most 
heralds, one third of the height of the es- 
cutcheon, but this proportion is almost always 
considerably diminished in practice. The bar 
is not considered as a diminutive of the fess, 
although similar to it in form. 

Oules, a fess or. Beauchamf (the ancient 
arms). 

Argent, a fess gules. Oldbuay. • 

Checquy or and azxure, a fess gules. Clif- 
70RD, Devon, etc, 

A fess arched, must be curved but slightly, 
lest it should be mistaken for a chevron 
arched. 

A fess and canton of the same tincture, borne together, 
should be conjoined, as shewn under the name of the latter. 

A fess of two pieces should rather be called two bars. 

Per fess. See Party. 

Fess-point. See Points. 

Fess-tarost, or Fessy target : an old term for an inescutcheon, 
because it covers the fess-point. 

Fsss-wisE : horizontally placed in the middle of the field. 

Fessely : an ancient term for party per fess. 

Feswe : a fusil. The word occurs in a grant of arms to 

Edgar, temp. Hen. YIIL 

Fetlock, or Fetterlock : the falcon and fetterlock were a 
cognizance of King Edward lY. See Badges, and Lock. 

Fetter. See Shackbolt. 

Fettered. See Sfancelled. 

Feudal arms. See Arms (III.) 

Fich£. See Fitche. 

Field: the ground or surface of the shield, upon which 
all charges are placed. When several coats are marshalled 
in one escutcheon, each has its different field. Fields may be 
of one tincture, or of more than one, as when parted per fess, 
etc., or when lozengy, checquy, and the like. 




136 FIEND'S HEAD— FIRE-BUCKET. 

Fienb's head. See Heads. 

FiEEY Furnace. See Furnace. 

FiouRED : the sun, moon, and some other charges are termed 
figured when drawn with human countenances. 

File : a label. What Leigh terms a file with three labels, is 
more generally caUed a label of three points. See Label. 

Filiations. See Cadency, Marks of. 

Fillet : a diminutive of the chief, being 
one fourth of that ordinary. Its position is 
across the honour point. 

Fillet of bastardy. See Baton. 

Fimbriated: said of an ordinary or other 
charge having a narrow edging of some other 
tincture all round it. It differs from edged 
(or welted) inasmuch as that term applied to an ordinary signifies 
that the edging is placed only between the ordinary and the 
field, and not where it joins the escutcheon. The crosses in 
what is termed the Union flag, are edged, and not fimbriated, 
although thus blazoned officially. 

A fess azure edged or, can only be distinguished fi:om a 
fess or surmounted by another azure, by the difference of 
shading. 

Fire. Argent a chevron voided azure between 
two (another three) flames of fire proper, are the 
arms of Wells. 

Fire-ball : a bomb-shell or grenade with fire 
issuing from a hole in the top, or sometimes from two 
or more holes. See also Ball tasselled. 

Fire-beacon. See Beacon and Fire-chest. 

Fire-brand : generally borne raguled, as by Billettes, 
whose arms are argent a fire-brand (or staff) with one ragule 
on each side, sable, and inflamed in three places proper. Some 
call it a billet, but that term being heraldically used to de- 
scribe a different figure is objectionable in blazon, although the 
coat is unquestionably an allusive one. 
Fire-bucket. See Bucket. 





FIRE-CHEST— FLANCHES. 1S7 

Fire-chest : a box of iron ased to contain fire 
to warm a hall. Some liaye erroneously called 
it a Fire-beacon. It is e^d to be borne as a 
crest by a family named Pryce. 

Fi&HE. See Entire. 

Fish. When this word occotb in blazoiij a fish shaped like a 
trout or herring ia to be understood. The precise kind of fish 
intended may often be ascertained by the name of tbe bearer^. 

flying fish. Until a comparatiTcly recent period, this fish 
was drawn, not as it appears naturally, but like a herring with 
the wings of a bird. 

FiBH-HooK. The arms of Mbdvillb are sable, a chev- 
ron between three fish-hooks ai^nt. 

FisH-wEEL. See Weei. 

FiBscKE : a name erroneously given in the Book of S. Alban's 
to the baton. 

FiTCH^, Fitchy, or Filched, called by some i 
Piiehy and Pitched .- pointed, generally at the 
lower part ; chiefly applied to crosses, which 
may be^cA^, that is, from tbe middle down- 
wards, or only fiteh^ at the foot. Crosses jOtrv 
fitehSe of aUfowr are mentioned by heraldic ^f 
writers. I 

Double fitchSe signifies that there are two points, and r'.^il 
yet in a different manner from what is called Biparted. \/-^ 

Treble fitchie has three points. It is sometimes called wtv^jt 
fourchy of three poitUs. Iw^ 

Fixed. See Entike. 

Flag-stone : a charge in the insignia of the Com- 
pany of Favionrs. 

Flames. See Fire. 

Flahant: enflamed. 

Flanches, F^mmehet, or Flanquet, are always borne in pairs. 

■ "The heraldry of BA" forms the which likewi«e treat* ot shells, set. mon- 
tabject of ta intereatiiig and beuitifull; alen, uid InaCruments uaed in Schery. 
QliMtntad voliunc b; Mr. Tho. Monle, 



b 

ban'i 

f 



138 



FLANCHES— FLEUR-DE-LIS. 




Flcugues are^ according to many writers^ a 
distinct charge^ similar in form to flanches^ 
but not projecting so far into the shield^ but 
Gibbon considers them to be the same^ and 
his opinion seems correct. Voiders are of 
similar form^ but of very slight projection, 
and incapable of being charged. They are, 
according to Ouillim, proper as a reward to a gentlewoman for 
service to her sovereign, but then, he says, they should be of one 
of the nine furs or doublings. Voiders form part of the augmen- 
tation granted by Henry YIII. to Queen Katherine Howard. 

Sable, an estoUe or, between two flanches ermine. Hobart^ 
Suffolk. 

Or, two flaunches gules. Lanercost Priory, Cumb. 

Flanks, or Flanques : the sides of the escutch- 
eon^ especially when parted per saltire. 

Flasques. See Flanches. 

Flax-breaker. See Hemp-break. 

Fleam, Fleme, or Flegme: an ancient lancet 
borne by the Company of Barber-surgeons. See also Cramp. 

Flecteu, or Flexed: the same as embawecL ^ 
Fleeted reflected signifies bent in the form of the 
letter S. 

Fleece. See Toison. 

Flesh-hook : a fork for the purpose of taking 
meat from the cauldron. The second figure is 
by some erroneously caUed a Pike-staff. 

Argent, three flesh-hooks, (generally like fig. 2, but 
sometimes like fig. 1,) sable, two and one. Wallby. 

Flesh-pot : an iron cauldron standing upon three 
feet. 

Argent, three flesh-pots gules. Montbochier. 

Argent^ on a chief azure two flesh-pots or. Potter. 

Fleur-de-lis. There has been much controversy concerning 
the origin of this bearing, some supposing it to represent the 
lily^ and others the iron head of a warlike weapon*. Fleurs- 

■ Upton calls it " flos gladeoli/' the flower of the glader, or sword grass. The 






FLEUR-DE-LIS— FLEURY. 



139 




de-lia have long been the dietinctive bear- 
ings of the kingdom of France, and it is to the 
almost constant wars between that country 
and our own that its frequent nse in English 
armory is to be attributed. 

From the time of King Charles VI. the 
royal insignia of France have been azure, 
three fieurs-de-lis or. Before his time the 
escutcheon was seme de lis, which bearing 
was probably assumed by King I/ouis (IJoys) 
VII. in allusion to his name. While our 
sovereigns were called kings of France, and 
especially under the Tudors and Stuarts, the 
fleur-de-lis was much used as one of the 
royal badges. 

The examples immediately following, and 
those under Flbcky, will shew that the 
fleur-de-lis is often used otherwise than in 
the simple form depicted above. 

Per fess dancett^ argent and sable, each 
point ending in a fleur-de-Us. Woodmeh- 

TON. 

Argent, a cross cottised with eight demi- 
fleurs-de-lis, their bottoms toward the feas- 
point, sable, between four mullets pierced 
of the last. Atkins. 

Fleur-de-lis^ is generally to be understood in the sense of 
seme of fleurs-de-lis, but sometimes occurs iorfleitry: thusjTew- 
de-lise contreflear-de-lise is the same as fieury counter floury. 

Fleoev, Flory, Flewty, Flurly, Floreiiy, or Flurt ; adorned 
with, or ending in fleurs-de-hs. Piles sometimes terminate in 
this manner, and the cross fleury has already been noticed. 
Besides the plain cross, the crosses pattee, potent, and others 
may be thus adorned. 

The words flory and florettj are used by some old writers in 
IS of France u " iij fiowrii in miner of swerdis 



140 



FLEURY— FLURRY. 




another sense^ viz. charged with fleurs-de-lis (not seme) as 'a 
border floury^^ which means charged with eight. 

Some heralds make a distinction between flory or flurt^ and 
floretty or fiurty^ asserting that the former terms imply that 
the head only is used^ while the latter signify that both head and 
tail are employed^ and placed alternately. This distinction is 
however groundless and confusing^ and the latter arrangement 
should be described by the term which follows. 

Flbuey counter FLEURY, or Fiery counter 
fiory : adorned with fleurs-de-lis alternately 
placed, as in the tressure of Scotland, and 
the annexed example. 

Or, a bend fleury counter fleury azure. 

Gk)LBINOTON. 

In the case of a tressure, or any other 
ordinary borne double or cottised, no part of 
the fleurs-de-lis is seen in the space between the pieces. 

Flexed. See Flected. 

Flint-stone spiked and chained. See Chain-shot. 

Float : a tool used by Bowyers and borne 
by their Company. Two forms 
occur. 
Floatant: floating, either in 
the air as a bird (see Disclosed) or flag, or 
in the water. 

Floretty, Flory, FUmrty. See Fleury. 

Flower gentil. See the arms of Caius under Senoreen. 

Flower op the flag. The fleur-de-lis is so called either 
from its resemblance to the flower of the plant called flag, 
or because it was formerly one of the principal charges upon the 
royal banner of England. 

Flower-pot. See Lily-pot. 

Vert, a flower-pot argent, with gilly flowers gules^ leaved of 
the first. New Inn, or Our Lady's Inn, London. 

Fluke: fl.j Flounder. 

Flurry, Fiurt, See Fleury. 




r^s) 



^//|*^^^AAA^A/*w^AW^*A 



It is almost certain that these flowers were originally white lilies. 



FLY— FRANCE. 141 

Ply. See Butterfly, Gad-fly, Haevest-fly. 

Flying-fish. See Fish, Flying, 

Forcen£ : a French word, which means furious, and is applied 
to a horse represented rearing, or standing on his hinder legs. 

Fore-bioht: affronte. 

Fore-staff. See Staff, Cross. 

FoREST-BiLL. See Bill. 

Forks of various shapes, and varying in the numher of their 
prongs, are borne as charges. See Dung-fork and Hay-fork, 
and also Eel-spear, Flesh-hook, and Harpoon. 

Forked. See Fourch^. 

FoRMig. See Patt£. 

Fountain : a roundle, harry wavy of six, argent and azure. 

Argent, three fountains. Welles. 

Fountains are occasionally called Sykes, in 
allusion to which a family named Sykes, 
bears argent, a chevron sable, between three 
fountains. 

Argent, three roundles harry wavy of six 
ai^ent and vert, are the arms of Themil- 
ton. 

FouRCH^ : forked as the cross so called. The word has been 
erroneously used for fitch^. 

Fracted : broken. The marginal figure will shew the signi- 
fication of the word as applied to the fess^, 
which is otherwise said to be debruised or 
removed. See also Bend and Chevron. 

Frame, Knitting. See Knitting frame. 

Frame-saw. See Saw. 

France, Label of: this is a very indefinite expression, as it 
may signify a label azure seme of fleurs-de-lis gold, or charged 
with three fleurs-de-lis, or again, with three upon each point. 
It often occurs in old genealogical works, but its precise 

' Some would call such a fess doumset, naries whose dexter sides have fallen, 
but there is strong reason to believe that Perhaps the best way would be to say 
that term should be restricted to ordi- downset on the dexter or sinister side. 






142 FRANCE— FRET. 

meaning in any particular case^ can only be ascertained by 
reference to existing monuments. 

England^ a label of five points azure^ E^5 
each charged with three fleurs-de-lis or. 
Edmund Plantagenet^ sumamed Crouch- 
back^ earl of Lancaster^ etc. second son of 
Hen. II. 

Franc-quarter. See Quarter. 

Frasier^ orFraze. In blazoning the arms of Fraser^ (azure^ 
three cinquefoils argent^) the Scottish heralds often call the 
cinquefoils frasiers^ (the French word for strawberry-plants,) in 
allusion to the name. 

Fret : a charge consisting of two narrow 
bendlets placed in saltire, and interlaced 
with a mascle. The family of Harring- 
ton, bears sable a fret argent**, whence 
it is often called Harrington' 8 knot: it 
was however borne in earlier times by the 
family of Verdon, whose arms are or, a firet 
gules. 

When two or more frets are borne in 
the same arms they are couped, unless 
each occupies an entire quarter as in the 
arms of Spencer, of Althorpe, Northamp. : 
quarterly argent and gules, in the second 
and third a fret or, over all a bendlet sable, 
charged with three escallops of the first®. 

A fret fretted, or double fretted^ or in true lover^s knot, is by 
no means a common bearing. It differs /^\ 

from the last only in the angles of the ^^X. 

mascle being formed as shewn in the 
margin. 





' Their motto is nodo firmo. The 
fret represents a fishing net, in allusion 
to their name, which is derived from 
the seaport of Harrington (i. e. Ilerring- 



town) in Cumberland. 

« The mullet (or) is a mark of ca- 
dency. 




FRETTED— FURS. US 

Fbetted : interlaced. Thus, azure, three 
tronts fretted in triangle, testes aux queues, 
ai^ent, compose the coat of Trodtbeck. of 
CormoalV. See also the cross triparted and 
fretted under Farted, and likewise the head 
Kmotb. 

Fretty ; a pattern composed of inter- 
laced fillets crossing the shield or charge 
lozenge-ways. The number is generally in- 
definite, but always even, 
Azure, fretty a]^nt. 
^ Cave, Kent. 

Or, fretty azure. Wil- 

LOtroBBT. 

Argent, a cross azure, 
fretty or. Verdon, Warw. 

Friohted : applied by some to a horse reared upon his hind 
legs: the same taforceiU. 

Fhinoed : edged withfringe, as the pall of the see of Canterbury. 

FancTED : bearing fruit. 

Frcitb of various kinds are used as charges. Their usual 
position is erect, but they are not unfrequently to be seen pen- 
dant or fesswise. 

Frdttle, or Winnowing-batket. See Vane. 

FcLOENT : with shining rays. 

FuHANT: smoking. 

Funeral Aohieteuentb. See Achievements. 

Furnace, Fiery, with a melting pot 
therein : part of the crest of the Company 
of Founders. ' 

Furs. See Ermine, Ermines, Ermin- 
ITE8, Erminoib, Fean, Potent counter- 
potent, Vaih, and White. All these except the last are com- 
posed of skiuB of different colours sewed together. Being mixed 
tinctures, that is, consisting both of metal (although not con- 

' For three serpeiits lomewhit BimUarlj fretted aee SERrEMI. 



144 



FURS— FUSIL. 




sidered as such) and colour^ they may be placed upon either, 
and metal and colour may be indifferently placed upon them* 
In the use of the first five furs enumerated above, some atten- 
tion is however generally paid to the colour of the ground. 

FuBCHY. See Fourch£. 

Furnished : a horse completely caparisoned is so termed. 

Fusil : a charge much resembling the lozenge, but narrower 
in proportion to its height. It is derived &om the spindle. In 
a few cases it is borne in its primitive form, as in the arms of 
Badland, afterwards assumed by Hoby of Bisham, 
Berks, viz. argent, three fusils (or spindles) in fesse 
gules, threaded or. (fig. 1.) The family of Tre- 
7USI8 bear another variety of the fiisil in its origi- 
nal form. Their arms are argent, a chevron be- 
tween three wharrow-spindles (or ancient fusils) 
sable, (fig. 2.)« 

But the fusil as commonly delineated resembles 
the third figure. Fusils are perhaps more often 
borne conjoined in the form of ordinaries than otherwise. 

The cross fusil, or rather ofJusUs, (which it should be remarked 
differs essentially from the cross fusilly, though 
often confounded with it,) generally consists 
of about nine, whereof five should be entire, 
and four halved for the extremities, for every 
ordinary of fusils usually begins and ends 
with a demi-fusil. When otherwise it is 
better to say so many fusils conjoined in 
fess, etc. 

The bend fusil should consist of about five 
entire fusils, and two halves, each individual 
fusil being placed bend-sinister-wise. 

Vert, a bend fusil or. Knight. 

In a cross of fusils, all the fusils are gene- 
rally placed upright ; in a saltire they diverge 
firom the fess point. 

% A striking example of a canting coat 




FUS1I>— GAKBE. I4S 

Sometimes ordinaries are described as of so many fusils, and 
it would be well if this practice were followed universally. 

Or, five fiisils conjoined in fess azure. Pennington, Mun- 
caater, Cumb. 

FusiLLY : chequered in compartments shaped like the fusil : 
often confounded with lozengy. A bend 
fusil, i. e. composed of fusils, is often called 
fusilly, but this is a mistake. Ordinaries 
foailly should contain one row of entire 
checquers, and consequently also two rows 
of halves. 

Fusilly, ermine and sable. Pahen, Stoke 
Newington, Middx. 



^ an abbreviation of the word gules. 
Gad : a plate of steel as home by 
' the Company of Ironmongers. 
Bellebby, or Billesbv, of Bylethy, lAnc., 
.bears a^nt, a chevron between three steel- 
gads sable, of a different form. Some call 
them demi-lozenges. 

Gad-bes, or Gad-fly, other- 
wise called the Horse-fly, Dun- 
T'^ fly, or Brimtey. 

Sable, three gad-bees volant en arriere argent, 

BUNNINOHILL. 

Gally. See Lyhphad. 

Galthbap. See Chbval-tkap. 

Gahbe. See Jambb. 

Gakbe, {_Fr. Gerbe :] a wheat-sheaf. When a sheaf of any 
other grain is borne, the name of the grain must be expressed, 
as, ^garbe of oats. The crest of a family named Harvey is a 
garbe of trefoils vert, banded or. 




14G 



GARBE— GATE. 





When the stalks are of one tincture and 
the ears of another^ the term eared must be 
used with reference to the latter. 

AzurCj a garbe or^ (sometimes banded 
gules). Grosvernor^ Chesh. 

Azure^ five garbes or. Huoh^ sumamed 
KiviLiocKj earl of Chester^ ob. 1180. His 
son and successor in the earldom^ Ralph^ 
sumamed Blundeville, reduced the number of garbes to three. 

Gar-buckle. See Buckle. 

Gardant: haying the face turned towards 
the spectator. Cats and leopards are ahnost 
always so depicted. 

Azure^ a lion rampant gardant or. Fitz- 
HAMOND^ GUmc. 

Gardb-visure : the vizor of an helmet. 

Garland. See Chaplet. 

Garnished: ornamented; as an esquire's helmet argent, 
garnished or. 

Garter: the garter^ as represented around the escutcheon 
of a knight of that order, but usually without the motto, 
occurs as a charge, as does the demirgarter or lower half of the 
same, which is often called 'the perclose of a demi-garter, 
buckled and nowed.' 

An entire garter is a charge in the official insignia of the king 
of arms so named. 

Argent, three demi-garters azure, buckled and garnished or. 
Gbranted by King Henry VII. to Peter Narborne. 

Garter, or Gartier, is a name occasionally applied to the 
bendlet. 

Garter, Order of the. See Knighthood, 
Gtrrter. 

Garter Kino of Arms. See Kings of 
Arms. 

Gate : a charge chiefly borne by the name 
of Yates. 




GAULES— GENTLEMAN. 147 

Gaules. See Gcles. 

Gauntlet : a glore of mail. In blazon it ia necessary to 
distinguish between the dexter and sinister. 

Asure, three dexter gauntlets (see fig.) or. Vane, 
Ra»eU, Kent. 

Azure, three sinister gauntlets or. Vane, Lord 
Bernard. 

Gauntlets sometimes occur with separate fingers. 
An arm vambraced is not in general understood to have a 
gauntlet unless it be specially mentioned. 

Gazb. See At gaze. 

Geo : another name for the fish called a lucf/ or pike. 

Azure, three geds haurient argent. Ged of thai Hk. 

Azure, two geds in saltire argent : Crest, two geds as in the 
arms. Oedney, of Hudderley, Line. The Gednets of Enderby 
in the same county, bear argent, two geds in saltire azure. 

Gemel or Gemew. See Bar genielie. A coUar gemel is two 
narrow collars. 

Oeuhow-binq. See Gihbal-bino. 

Geu-rino : a ring set with a jewel, as in the arms 
of EoLiNoTorN, of Scotland: gules, three rings (or 
annulets] or, gemmed azure, (or enriched with sap- 
phires proper.) 

Gehclet : a bar gemelle. 

Genet : an animal somewhat resembling a fox, but consider- 
ably smaller, and usually grey spotted with black. It was 
highly valued on account of its skin, and was the badge of an 
order of knightbood said to have been instituted by Charles 
Martel, king of France, in the year 726. See also Badges. 
House of PlarUagenet. 

Gentil Floweb. See Flower obntil. 

Gentleman : a person of noble descent, however high his 
rank. Hence the French proverb, "Je suis un gentilhomme 
comme le roi." The word was not employed as a legal addition 
until about the time of Henry V. 

The gentry may be divided into three classes. 



'(5 



148 



GENTLEMAN— GEORGE, S. 



I. They who derive their stock with arms from their ancestors, 
are gentlemen of blood and coat-armour. They are of course 
the most noble who can prove the longest uninterrupted con- 
tinuance of nobility in the families of both their parents. 

II. They who are ennobled, by knighthood or otherwise, with 
the grant of a coat of arms, are gentlemen of coat-armour, and 
give gentility to their posterity. Such have been scornfully 
designated gentlemen of paper and wax. 

III. They who by the exercise of a liberal profession, or by 
holding some office, are gentlemen by reputation, although their 
ancestors were ignoble, as their posterity remains after them. 
These are not really gentlemen though commonly accounted such. 

Genuant: kneeling. 
George, S. 

•* ■ sayt george whyche had whyte armes 

with a red crosse w * * * * * 

This blyssed Sc holy martyr saynt George is patrone 
of this reame of Englod : &c y® crye of me of warre 
C Id ye worshyp of whome is founded y^ noble ordre 
of a garter: Sc also y* noble college in y^ castell of 
wyndesore, by Kynges of englond. In whyche college 
is the herte of saynt george : whyche Sygysmond y® 
emperour of alamayn brought : and gaf it for a grete and precyous relyque to 
kynge harry the fyfte. And also the sayd sygysmond was broder of the sayd 
garter. And also there is a pyece of his heed : whiche college is nobly en- 
dowed to thonour Sc worshyppe of almyghty god and his blyssed martyr saynt 
George Then late vs praye vnto hym that he be specyal protectour & de- 
fendour of this royaumel" 

S. George of Cappadocia appears to have been selected as the 
patron of England not long after the Norman conquest^. He 
has often been confounded (by Gibbon amongst others) with an 
Arian bearing the same name, who was thrust (for a time) by 




^ According to Harding's Chronicle, 
the arms commonly called S. George's 
were given by S. Joseph of Arimathea to 
Arviragus, a British king, whom he con- 
verted to the Christian faith. 

i Golden Legend. Pynson, 1507. fol. 



cxix. 



^ The anniversary of S. George's mar- 
tyrdom (Apr. 23.) was ordered to be oh- 
served as a festival of the lesser rank by 
the national synod of Oxford, A.D. 1222. 



GEORGE, S.— GLAZIERS' NIPPERS. 149 

the populace into the see of Alexandria^ during the episcopate 
of S. Athanasius. 

With reference to the cross of S. George, Sir N. H. Nicolas 
observes, ^^that in the fourteenth and subsequent centiuries, 
even if the custom did not prevail at a much earlier period, 
every English soldier^ was distinguished by wearing that simple 
and elegant badge over his armour. . . . The following extract/^ 
he adds, " from the ordinances made for the government of the 
army with which Richard II. invaded Scotland in 1386, and 
which were also adopted by Henry V., will best shew the regu- 
lations on the subject. 

^ Also that even man of what estat, condiciou, or nation thei be of, so that 
he be of owre partie, here a signe of the armes of Saint G eorge, large, bothe 
before and behynde, upon parell that yf he be slayne or wounded to deth, he 
that hath so doon to hym shall not be putte to deth for defaulte of the cross 
that he lacketh. And that non enemy do here the same token or crosse of 
Saint George, notwithstandyng if he be prisoner, upon payne of deth"." 

The republic of Genoa also claims the patronage of S. 
George, and bears his arms. 

The Banner of 8. George, and 

The Canton of S. George (as in the arms of the duke of Marl- 
borough) is white, charged with the red cross. 

Gerattie : an ancient word for sem^, 

Geronny. See Gyronny. 

GiLLY-FLOWER, Gtllofer, or July-flower^ [Fr. Gilo- 
fre :] a flower resembUng a pink or carnation in form, 
and of a bright crimson colour. 

Argent, three gilly-flowers slipped proper. Jorney. 

GiMBAL RINGS, or Gimmul rings, may be double, triple, or 
of a greater number. A triple gimbal ring consists of three 
annulets interlaced in triangle, which is indeed a more heraldic 
form of expression. 

GiRON. See Gyron. 

Glaziers' nippers. See Grater. 



* Being in the immediate service of tlieir respective lords, 
the crown. Others wore the liveries of "* MS. Harl. 1809. 





150 GLOBE— GORGE. 

Globb. See Sphbkb. 

Globical. See Ali8£. 

Olory. See Circle or Glory. In his glory. See Sun. 

Glove^ Falconer^s, or Hawking. 

Sable^ three dexter hawking gloves (fingers down- 
wards?) tassels pendent^ argent. Vauneyb. 

Gk>ARB. See Gk>RE. 

GoAT^ Assyrian or Indian. This beast is nearly like 
the common goat^ but has horns more curved^ and 
ears like a talbot*s. Two such goats argent^ attired and unguled 
or, support the escutcheon of the Haberdashers of London. 

Gobon£, Gobony, or Gobanated : synonymous with Cohpony, 
which see. ^' It is/' says Gibbon, ^^ a word used in carving, as to 
Gobon a lamprey, or the like, into seven or eight pieces.'^ 

Gold. See Or. The former term was not unfrequently used 
by the old heralds to avoid repetition. 

Golden fleece. See Toison. 

GoLPE : a roundlet purpure. Some have called it a toound. 

Gonfanon. According to Sir N. H. Nicolas, "it diflfers from 
a banner in this respect, that instead of being square and fast- 
ened to a tronsure bar, the gonfanon, though of the same figure, 
was fixed in a frame made to turn like a modern ship's vane, 
with two or three streamers, or tails. The object of the gon- 
fanon was principally to render great people more conspicuous to 
their followers, and to terrify the horses of their adversaries. 

" Li Barons ourent gonfanons, 
Li Cheraliers ourent penons." Wace. 

Gobdian Knot. See Knots. 

Gore: a charge which may be either 
dexter or sinister. The former is always an 
honourable charge, but the latter, being 
tenne, an abatement for cowardice in battle. 
See also Gusset, a charge with which the 
gore has been confounded. 

Gorge. Leigh uses this term for a water- 
bouget. See also Guroes. 




GORGED— GRAY. ISl 

QoBOZD : collared. Wlien the worA is tued alone, a pltun 
collar is implied, but animals are often gorged witli ducal and 
other coronets. 

When a beast is gorged and chained^ the 
chain must be affixed to the collar and 
reflected over the back, as in the following 
example. 

Argent, a lion rampant, gules, dncally 
gorged and chained or. Philipps, Pembr. 

GoaoE : a water-bouget. (Leigh.) 

GoROEe. See Odkoes. 

GovLis. See Gules. 

GouBNET. See Gtjenet. 

Goctt£, or Goutty. See Gutt^. 

GowLYS. See Gules. 

" The feeld of gowljB " Lyigttt: 

Gradient : walking, as the tortoise : q. v. 

Gradt. See Deobaded, and Embattled, Battled grady. 

Grain-tree : a tree, the berries of which are used 
in the process of dying. The crest of the Dters' ^vi^ 
Company is, upon a wreath argent and sable, three ^^^- 
aprigs of grain-tree erect vert, fimcted gules, 

Gbanada, Jpple of. See Foheobanate. 

Gbannapyb, See Shoveller. 

Grapple, See Crahpoon. 

Grapplino-iron : an insbnment used in naval 
engagements. As the number of flukes varies : 
should be noticed. Some grappling-irons are double- "" 
ringed. 

Grater, or Glazier^ mppers, called also Grazier, and Grosing- 
iron : a tool used by glaziers, and borne ^ \ —y ^ 

by their company. It occurs also in the •^^^^^^^^^^■^ 
arms of Kelloway, Wilts, and Devon. 

Gray: r badger. 



152 



GRAZIER— GUELPHIC ORDER. 



Boars are found in the arms of 



A. 



6 



Grazier. See Grater. 

Greces, or Degrees : steps. 

Green. See Vert. 

Green man. See Savage. 

Grenade. See Fire-ball. 

Gbice : a yoang wild boar, 
several families named Grice. 

Gridiron. This charge is borne by a 
family named Laurence^ in allusion to the 
martyrdom of the Saint of that name. 
Their arms are argent, a chevron between 
three gridirons sable, handles downward. 

Grieces: steps. 

Griffin, or Gryphon : a fictitious animal 
compounded of the eagle and the lion. Its 
ordinary positions are rampant segreant, 
(generally blazoned segreant only,) and pas- 
sant segreant. 

Azure, a griffin segreant or. Bead, 
Herts. 

Gules, a griffin segreant, or. Bivbrs, 
Earl of Devon, 

The Mak Griffin has ho wings, but rays or spikes of gold 
proceed from several parts of its body. Sometimes it has two 
long straight horns. 

Grittie. a field was sometimes so called when composed of 
colour and metal in equal proportions. 

Grose, or Dratoing board: a tool used by 
Coopers. It forms part of the insignia of 
their companies in London, Chester, and 
Exeter. 

Grosino iron. See Grater. 

Gryphon. See Griffin. 

Guardant. See Gardant. 

Guelles, and Gueules. See Gules. 

Guelphic order. See Knights, Hanoverian order. 





GUIDON— GURGES. 158 

Qdidon, or Gtadhomme: a flag resembling the standard in 
form, but less by one third. 

" Item, a G;ton for Uie shippe of Tiii yetdis longe, poudrid full of raggid 
Etaves, foi the Ijmmjmg and workmanship, 00. 0*^ 00." Bill of Will. Sebur^ 
citizen and painter of London, to the eari of Warwick, 1437". 

See also Standako. 

Hie guidon carried at fdneraU was also called an ancient. 

G-uiNEA-WBEAT. See Wheat. 

GuiRON. See Gvron. 

CrULEs: the heraldic name of the colour usually called red. 
The word is derived either from the Latin 
gulSj a throat, or the Arabic gule, a rose. 
If the latter supposition be correct, the word 
was probably introduced by the Crusaders. 
Gules is denoted in engravings by numerous 
perpendicular lines. Heralds who hlazoued 
by planets, and jewels, called it Mara, and 
Suby. 

Sir Eurmenions de la Brecte, who was at the siege of Car- 
laverock in 1300, bore pure gules. 

GuLY. See Gules. 

GoN-STONB, or Gunshot. See Pellet. 

Gorges, or Whirlpool. This charge has been erroneonsly 
called a cable nowed. Argent, a gurges 
azure, is borne by Goroeb, of Longford, 
Wilts, created a Baronet 1612. As the 
guides (like the fountain) represents water, 
argent and azure are its proper tinctures. 
An instance however occurs (probably the 
only other instance of its use at all) in 
which another tincture is employed — viz. 

Argent, a whirlpool gules. Chellery. 

In a very ancient roll of arms, the whirlpool of Gorges is 
represented not as a continued line, but a number of rings one 
within another. 

• DugdaU's Wuw., p. 327. 



154 



GURNET— GUZE. 




GiTKNET^ Ovmard, or Gaumet : a fish called in the Cornish 
dialect Tkibbe, and borne by the Cornish family of that name. 

Gusset^ (called also Gore, bnt erroneously.) This may be 
either dexter or sinister. The former (when 
sanguine) is an abatement for adultery^ the 
latter for drunkenness. 

As honourable charges gussets occur in 
the arms of Coninoham^ which are sable^ 
(another gules^) two gussets argent. 

Gutt6, or Gutty : bestrewed with an in- 
definite number of drops. The French say 
Chitti d'argent, etc., but in Englisli heraldry a peculiar term is 
used for each tincture. 

Gutte d^eau: sem£ of white drops, representing drops of 
water. 

Gutt6 de larmes: blue, representing tears. 

Gutte depoLff: black, drops of pitch. 

Gutti de sang : red, drops of blood. 

Gutti d^huUe, or d* olive : green, drops of oil. 

Gutte ^or : drops of gold. 

Sable gutte d'eau. Boys. 

Azure, gutte d'eau. Winteebottom, 
Lord Mayor of London, 1752. 

A single drop is called a gutte, or gutteS, 
as in the following examples. 

Per chevron argent and sable, three 
guttees counterchanged. Crosby, alias 
Drop. 

Argent, fifteen guttees gules, (or de sang,) five, four, three, 
two, one. Lemming, Essex. 

From this last example it will appear that the indefinite term 
gutt^ is only applicable when the drops are borne, as they gene- 
rally are on ordinaries, sans nombre. 

Gutt4 reversed. See Icicle. 

Guydhomme, or Guydon, See Guidon. 

GuzE : a roundlet sanguine. 




GYPSY'S HEAD— HAKE. 



155 



Otpst's head. See Heads. 

Oybation : a winding. 

Gy&on : a charge probably of Spanish origin^ as the word in 
that language signifies a gusset^ or triangular piece of doth 
sewed into a garment. In English heraldry gyrons are never 
found otherwise than forming the pattern called 

Gyhonnt. The usual number of pieces is eighty but there 
may be six, ten, or twelve. Party per saltire 
is sometimes called gyronny of four, which 
is an objectionable phrase not only as being 
unnecessary, but because in English armory 
one of the lines forming the pattern called 
gyronny should ever be in fess. 

Gyronny of eight, argent and gules. 
Acton. 

Gyronny of eight, or and sable. Campbell, ScoiU 

Gyronny of ten, or and azure. Bryanson. 

Gyronny of twelve, argent and aziure. Bryanson. 

Gyronny of twelve, vair, or, and gules. Bassingbornb. 

Gyronny of sixteen, argent and gules. Bassingbornb. 

Gyronny of sixteen, argent and sable. Stapletord. 

The gyron upon which the tinctures begin, is the uppermost 
upon the dexter side. 

Gyton. See Guidon. 





ABEBGEON : a diminutive of Hauberk. A short 
coat of mail without sleeves. 

Habick, or Habeck: a tool used in 
the process of dressing cloth. It occurs 
in the insignia of the Clothiers' Company. 
Habited : clothed, or vested. 
Hache, Hacke. See Axs. 
Haib. See Wbir. 
Hakb : a fish found in the British seas. In general form 
it nearly resembles the cod, (although much smaller,) but 




156 



HAKE— HAND. 





is rather more slender, and comparatively larger about the 
head. 

Halbert, or Pole-axe. 

Argent, two halberts in saltire azure. 
EccLES, Scotland, 

Half. See Demi. 

Half-Belt. See Belt. 

Half-Spade. See Spade. 

Half-Spear. See Spear. 

Hame, or Heame: the collar by which a horse draws a 
waggon. A hame (or, as some call it, a pair of 
hames) is used as a badge by the family of 
Saint John, in memory of William de Saint 
John, who came into England with the Con- 
queror, under whom he held the ofSce of 
master of the baggage-waggons. The sup- 
porters of viscount Bolingbroke, are each 
charged with this badge or, the inside per pale, argent and 
gules. ' 

Hammers of several kinds occur as charges. 

Gules, three hammers with claws argent. 
Martell. 

Sable, three square hammers (or mallets?) 
argent. Browne, Suffolk. 

Sable, a chevron or, between three hammers p argent, handled 
of the second, and ducally crowned of the 
same. The Blacksmiths' Company, Lond, 

The Plasterers* hammer^ which forms a 
part of the ensign of their Company, is repre- 
sented in the second figure. 

See also Mallet, and Fick-axe. 

Hanchet. See Buole-horn. 

Hand. The human hand is often borne in coat armour. 
When no other position is mentioned it is understood to be 
apaume, as in the Baronets' badge. 

' Generally like the fint figare, but sometimes without claws. 





HAND-HARROW. 



157 



Azure, a deiter hand apaum^, couped, ai^nt. Brohe. 

The hand of a lance ia the part which is made thin for the 
purpose of holding it. See Lance. 

HAND'Curr. See Manacle. 

Hank. See Cotton-hank, and Silk-bank. 

Hanovebian order. See Kniohts, Hanoverian. 

Hanover, Crown of. See Crown. 

Hare. See also Bagfifes, 

Hariant. See Haurient. 

Harntsed : clad in armour. See Yambraced. 

Harp. This is not a common charge, but 
is veil known as the ensign of the kingdom 
of Ireland, azure, a harp or, stringed 
argent. The head and wings of an angel 
are seldom, perhaps never, seen except in 
late examples. 

Harp, Jew's. See Jew's harp. 

Harpoon, Harpoon-head, Harping-iron, or 
Salmon-gpear. The ordinary position of this 
chaise is with the points downwards. 

Argent, three harpoons sable. Glynn, Comw. 

See also Hel-sfear. 

Harpy : an imaginary creature represented as a vulture with 
the head and breast of a woman. Azure, a harpy or, existed in 
Huntingdon church in the time of Guillim. 

Harrington's knot. See Fbzt. 

Harrow. Two forms of the harrow 
occur in armory, the first is square, the 
other triangular. 

Ermine, three triangular harrows gules, 
toothed or, and conjoined in the fess point 
by a wreath argent and of the second. 
Harrow, or Harwe, 

Another coat belonging to the same name, 
is ermines, the harrows or, the wreath argent 
aadw. 





158 



HART— HAWK. 



Hart. See Stag. 

Haryest-flt. This resembles a butter- 
fly in form, but has only two wings, whereas 
the latter has four. 

Sable, a harvest-fly volant en arri^re, 
argent. Bolour, or Bolowrb. 

Hat. One similar to the figure is borne 
by the Feltmakers' Company. See also 
Cap. 

Hat-band. Two forms of this bearing 
occur. The first is wreathed, as in the 
arms of Bury (sable, a chevron argent 
between three hatbands wreathed, of the 
last and azure), and the second is believed 
to be peculiar to the Companies of Felt- 
makers, and Hatbandmakers. 

Hatchet. See Axe. 
A k Hatchet, Danish. This name is 
I ^JL^ given by some heralds to an axe 
Y^Tlike that in the margin. ''Hackes daneys'* are men- 
I tioned as the bearing of Hakelut, in the roll, temp. 
I Edw. 11. 
J See also Axe, Danish. 

Hatchments. See Achievements. 

Hauberk, or Hauberg : a cuirass, from the German ^alid)ttQ, 
i. e. a protection for the neck. 

EL^uMETTT. See HubiettI;. 

Haurient : breathing, a term applied to a fish in an erect 
position. 

Hauss£. See Enhanced. 

Hautboy : a musical instrument. 

Azure, three hautboys, wide ends downwards, two 
and one, between as many cross crosslets or. Bour- 

DEN. 

Hawk. This bird, like the falcon, is frequently 
belled, jessed, and varvelled. 




m 



^ 



HAWK'S BELL— HEADS. 



159 






Hawk's bell : a little circular bell, which 
is attached to the hawk's leg by jesses, or 
thongs of leather. 

Sable, three hawk's bells or. Bells- 
chamber. 

Hawk's lure : a decoy used in falconry, 
consisting of two wings joined with a line, to 
the end of which is attached a ring. The 
line is sometimes nowed. 

Gules, a hawk's lure argent. Warre. 

Hawmed. See Humett£. 

Hawthorn bush. See Badges, Hen. VII. 

Hat-fork. See Shake-fork. 

Hat-hook: a very unusual charge, by 
some called a Horsepicker. It is probably 
peculiar to the arms of Metringham, which 
are vert, a chevron between three hay-hooks 
argent. 

Headpiece, Sidled, or Salade : a helmet. 

Heads of men and children are common in the arms of 
Welsh families. Unless other words are added they are gene- 
rally intended to be drawn in profile, but for the sake of accu- 
racy their position should always be specified. 

Boy's head. See Ekyellofed. 

Cherul/s head. See Cherub. 

Englishman's head. The heads in the arms of Lloyd, 
of Plymog, a family which in the times of Welsh indepen- 
dence signalized itself in fighting against the English, are so 
called. 

Fiend's or Salaries head. The head of a man with ears like 
the wings of a dragon. 

Gypsy's head. The crest of Maclellan, Lord Kircudbright, 
is on a wreath a cubit arm erect grasping a dagger, enfiled 
with a gypsy's head couped proper. It is sometimes blazoned a 
Moor's head^. 

<i See Lower's Cur. of Her., p. 193. 



160 



HEADS. 




S. John the Baptisfs head. One of the 
crests of the Company of Tallow-chand- 
lers is, upon a wreath argent and azure, 
a charger (or dish) argent glorified or, 
therein the head of S. John the Baptist 
proper. 

Maiden-head, The head and shoulders of a woman affrontee, 
couped below the breasts, (her hair dishevelled,) and usually 
wreathed with a garland of roses, and crowned with an eastern 
crown, 

Man^s head. The head of an old tnan with a beard is intended. 

Maoris or Blackamoor^ s head. 

Or, a cross gules, between four blackamoors' heads couped 
at the shoulders proper, wreathed about the temples gold. 
Dr. William Juxon, Abp. of Canterbury. See also Wreathed. 

Mo%e^% head. The crest of the family of Hil- 
ton, of Hilton Castle, Durham, was the head of 
Moses proper, with two rays or horns or. The 
annexed figure is from the east front of Hilton 
Castle. The arms are argent, two bars azure. 

Saracen's head. A bearing introduced by the 
Crusaders. It is depicted as the head of an old 
man with a savage countenance. 

Azure, three Saracens' heads conjoined with 
one neck erased proper ; the faces looking towards 
the chief, dexter and sinister. Morison, fife. 

Satyr's head. A man's head with ears like 
those of an ass. This was the crest of Sir Sandich 
de Trane, knight-founder' of the Garter. Anstis calls it ' the 
head of Midas, with asses' ears.' 

Saxon's head. The heads in the arms of the ancient family 
of Williams of Carnarvon, are so called, because their ancestor 
Ednevert Vychan took three Saxon princes prisoners, about 
1240. These heads have no other peculiarity than their name. 
The arms are gules, a chevron ermine, between three Saxons' 

' That is to say one of the first knights of that order. 




HEADS— HELMET. 



161 



T^iki^ 



mn. 



heads affiront^^ conped at the shoulders proper. They are gene- 
rally drawn without beards. 

SerapVs head. See Seraph. 

WhUtaPs head. A man's head with short horns. 

Woman's head. Generally drawn with dishevelled hair. 

Healme. See Helmet. 

Heame. See Hame. 

Heart^ Human heart, or Body heart. The 
arms of Douglas are argent^ a heart impe- 
rially crowned • proper, (i. e. gules, crowned 
gold,) on a chief azure three mullets of the 
field. This heart is an augmentation in 
memory of Sir James Douglas, who under- 
took to carry the heart of King Robert, 
called the Bruce, to the Holy Land to be 
buried there in the year 1328. 

'* The blodye faarte in the Dowglas annes 
Hys standere stode on hye, 
That every man myght full well knowe : 
By side stode starres three." — 

The Battle of Otterboome : a poem, written about the time of Hen. VI. 

Henry de Wenoham, or Winoham, bishop of London, 1259, 
bore gules, a body-heart, between two wings displayed or. 

Heath-cock. This bird, which differs 
firom the common or dimghill cock, is repre- 
sented as in the annexed figure. It has 
yery frequently been confounded with the 
moor-cock. 

Hedgehog. See Hebisson. 

Height. See Feathers. 

Helmet. Helmets of different forms are placed above 
shields of arms to denote the rank of the bearers. They are 
never placed over the arms of any women except the sovereign. 

The helmets at present employed to distinguish ranks, can 




s The fonn of the crown varies in old drawn like the royal crown of Great 
examples. It has heen for a long time Britain. 

Y 




scarcely be traced fortlier back, as ao used, than the reign of 
Queen Elizabeth. The helmet of Edmund Mortimer earl of 
March (oh. 1424) as shewn nnder Ckebtb, resembles that now 
appropriated to the rank of esquire, and lucb was the prevail- 
ing form upon the seals and tombs of all ranks of the ancient 
nobility. 
The helmets now used in British heraldry are of five kinds : 

I. For the Boverttgn and prmeet of the l%~^J 
blood, a full-&ced helmet of damasked gold ' *"' -^ 
with six bars. t ^ t ^ j 

II. For duket (not of the blood royal) and f. :| f.^' 
marqueues, a full-faced helmet of steel ' 
damasked vrith gold and with five gold i \ » > 
bars. ■' ' 

III. For earh, vitcountg, and baront, a ' 
sidelong steel helmet with five gold bars, 

three shewn in profile. 

IV. FoTbaronetiBJiilmiffhii, 
a full-faced helmet of plain 
steel with the viaor open. 

V. For eaqmrea and private gentlemen, a 
sidelong helmet of plain steel, with the visor 
closed'. 

In England, clei^ymen commonly place helmets over their 
armorial bearings, but this is a decided anomaly unless they are 
peers or knights. Several bishops of Durham have indeed 
placed helmets, mantles, and crests upon their seals, but this 
has been in token of their temporal dignity as earls palatine. 

When several helmets are placed over the same shield, which 
is not very oflen done in England, the central one (if the 
number he uneven) may be full-faced, and the othera directed 
towards it. 

Helmets (generally esquires') are sometimes home as charges. 

■ Esquirei' helmeu will be f^oDd Marbhallino. Helmets of all kindl 
figured under the hewl Mantli:, and in an g«nenllj lined with criouon. 
the aecond plate belonging to the itticle 



HELMETS— HEBALD. 168 

Sable^ a helmet argent. Bobtock^ Salop. 

Azure, three hehnets or, between two bars aigent. A&migbb, 
Noff. 

Hemisphere, Northern, or Demi-globe : the upper half of a 
terrestrial globe. It occurs as part of a crest. 

Hbmp-beeak, or Hemp-hackle, 

Argent, three hemp-breaks sable. 
Hampson, London. (Granted 1602.) 

A hemp-break was the device of Sir 
Reginald Bbay, which is often repeated 




upon the vaulting of S. George's chapel Fl j I 

at Windsor. The word bray signifies to 
bruise or pound". 

Heeald. The duties of a herald were originally of a military 
and diplomatic character, but have for centuries been confined 
to matters relating to armorial bearings, genealogy, and the 
superintendence of public ceremonies. 

There are at present six heralds, who rank according to their 
seniority in office. They derive their titles £rom certain districts, 
with which, however, they have no official connection.]^ They are 
as follows. 

Chester herald, whose office is said to have been instituted in 
the reign of King Edward III. Others assign its origin to 
Richard II., who in the 21st year of his reign appointed William 
Bruges to the office, by letters patent under the seal of the 
county palatine. 

Lancaster: perhaps instituted by King Edward III. in the 
84th year of his reign, when he created his son John of Gaunt, 
duke of Lancaster. Henry lY. made it the title of a king] of 
arms. Edward IV. reduced it to a heraldship, and afterwards 
abolished it. It was revived by Henry YII. 

Richmond : probably instituted by King Edward lY ., in the 
12th year of whose reign this herald was made Guienne king 
of Arms. This officer derives his title from Richmond in York- 
shire, the ancient earldom. 

u See the authorized version of Prov. zxviL 22. 



164 HERALD— HILL. 

Somerset, is said to have been instituted by King Henry VII.^ 
in the 9th year of his reign. 

WtTulsor: instituted by King Edward III. in the 38th year 
of his reign^ at which time he was in France. 

York. Of the establishment of this office there does not 
appear to be any record. It has been attributed to Edward III., 
when he gave the dukedom of York to his son Edmund. 
According to others Edward lY. was the founder. 

The official costume of a herald consists of an embroidered 
satin surcoat of the royal arms, and a collar of SS. 

There have been at different periods several other heralds, 
whose titles are now laid aside. Such were Falcon, first ap- 
pointed by King Edward III., and Blanch sanglier by 
Richard III. Heralds extraordinary have also been occasion- 
ally created, as Edmondson was by the title of Mowbray, in 
1764. 

See also College of Arms, Kings of Arms, and Pursui- 
vants. 

Heraldic antelope. See Antelope. 

Heraldry, False : incorrect blazon of any kind, but especially 
placing colour upon colour, or metal upon metal, which (with a 
few exceptions) is a breach of one of the first laws of the science. 
See Armes pour enquirir, 

Heraud, and HerauU. See Herald. 

Herce. See Harrow. 

Herisson [Fr.] : the hedgehog, which is allusively borne by 
several families named Harris. 

Hermines : the French word for Ermine. What the English 
call ermines, they with greater propriety call contre-hermines. 

Heron, or Hemshaw. Modem heralds generally confound 
this bird with the crane and the stork. 

Heurt. See Hurt. 

Hiacinth. See Hyacinth. 

Hill. See Mount. When there are 
two or more hills in the same shield, they 
are often called Hillocks, or Mole-hills. 




HILI-r-HOUCE DES ARMES. 165 

Argent^ a chevron between three mole-hills vert. Shaker- 
ley^ Lane, and Chesh. (Granted 1610.) 

Hillock. See Hill. 

Hilt : the handle of a sword. * 

HiRONDELLE. See Swallow. 

Holy Lamb. See Lamb^ Holy. 

Holy Sepulchre. See Knights^ Holy Sepulchre. 

Honour point. See Points. 

Honourable ordinaries. See Ordinaries. 

Honoured. This word is occasionally used by ancient 
writers in the sense of croumed. 

Hood. Falcons are sometimes borne hooded. 

Hoofed. See Unouled. 

Hook. See Fish-hook^ Flesh-hook^ Hay-hook^ Fruning- 
hook^ Beaping-hook, Shave-hook^ and Tenter-hook. 

Horn. See Bugle-horn^ and Cornet. 

Horn, Ink. See Ink-horn. 

HoRSE^ Sea. See Sea-horse. 

HoRSE-BARNACLE. ScC BaRNACLE. 

Horse-fly. See Gad-fly. 

Horse-picker. See Hay-hook. 

Horse-shoe. In the oldest examples horse-shoes are gene- 
rally turned up at their extremities. The 
nail-holes are occasionally not of the colour 
of the field. 

Argent, a horse-shoe azipre. 7%e burgh 
royal cfDoKsocu, Scotland. 

Argent, three horse-shoes sable. The 
Farriers' Company, London. 

Argent, six horse-shoes sable, 3, 2, 1. Ferrers. Both name 
and arms commemorate Henry de Ferrariis, who came to Eng- 
land with William the Norman in the capacity of chief farrier. 

Hospitallers, Knights. See Knights, John, 8. 

Hovering. See Disclosed, and Floatant. 

HoucE DES ARME8: R surcoat embroidered with armorial 
bearings. 




166 



HOUSE-LEAK— IBEX. 




HouBE-LEAK. See Sknobesn. 

House-snail. See Snail. 

Housing : the embroidered caparison of a horse. See Capa- 
rison. 

HuERT. See Hurt. 

HuiT-FoiL^ EiffM-foil, or Double qwUr^fM: an eight leaved 
flower used as a mark of cadency for the ninth son. It 
resembles a cinquefoil except in the number of its leaves. 

Hull : the body of a ship. DemuhuUs, 
drawn as in the margin, occur in the in- 
signia of several sea-coast towns, as Ipswich, 
and Sandwich. 

Humet : a fess or bar couped. 

Humetty: couped. Applicable to ordi- 
naries only. 

Sable, a fess humetty argent. Bostock 
Chesh. 

Hunter's horn. See Buole-horn. 

Hurst, or Wood: a small group of trees, 
generally borne upon a mount in base. 

Hurt : a roundle azure, named from the hurtle or whortle- 
berry. 

HuRTY : sem^ of hurts. 

Hyacinth. See Tenn^. 

Hydra : a seven-headed dragon. A hydra, wings endorsed, 
vert^ scaled or, is the crest of Barret of Avel^f, Essex. 




BEX. The heraldic animal caUed by this name is not 
the ibex of nature, but a beast resembling the heraldic 
antelope, with the exception of the horns, which are 
straight and serrated. Perhaps it would not be erroneous 
to consider it as identical with the heraldic antelope. 





ICICLE— INCRESCENT. 167 

Icicle : a charge of the same shape aa a 
drop in the bearing called gntt^, but re- 
versed. Some call them Clubt, others Gvtth 
reversed, and others Locka of hair. 

Azure, three icicles heudwise in bend 
nnister or. Hahbottle, Brecon. 

Ihbattled. See £ubattled. 

IifBOEDuais. See Bordcbed. 

Ihbowkd. See Ehbowed. 

Imbrued. See Embbced. 

Ihpalb: to conjoin tro coats, as it is 
usual to place those of a husband and wife. 
See Mabshallino. Bishops', deans, beads 
of colleges, and kings of arms, impale their 
own arms with the insignia of their offices, 
giving the dexter, as the place of honour, to 
the former. Bordures, orles, and tressnres in 
impaled arms, are always omitted on the 
side bounded by the line of impalement. 

Impbbial cbown. See Crown. 

Imarchbu. See Chevron inarched. 

Incensed, or ArumL Said of panthers and other wild beasts 
borne with fire issuing from their mouths and ears, as in the 
case of the dexter supporter of the earl ]■ 
of Pomfr^t. See Panther. 

Incbbhent : the moon in her increment is 
the same as an tturetcent. 

Increscent : a half moon on the increase, 
which is known by her horns being durected 
to the dexter side of the shield. 

1 The eiunpla pTcn in the margin ii tbsbdet ; impaled wHh ^ee, thiee 
the urn* of John Kemp, abp. of Cultr- farbei within a bndnre engrailed or, tot 
biuy, 1452. They are aiure, a paatoral Keur. The earlier Inshnpa generallj 
ataff in pale or, enaigned wilh a emu added a mitre, sr aome othec ecclaiiaati- 
pitUe BTgcut, •ann<nmted by i pall of cal chuge to their patenial arms, or 
the laat, edged and Cringed of the laeond, merely euiigned tbam irith a mitre, in- 
charged with four croaaea pattte fitchfe Mead of iinpaliag them m noticed above. 
■ablei for the archiepiecopal lee of Can- 




168 



INCRESCENT— INESCUTCHEON. 




Oules^ an increscent or. Destunes. 

Ermine^ three increscents gules. Stmmes^ Northamp^ 

Inde. See Azure. 

Indented : notched in the manner of dan- 
cett^^ but much smaller. 

Or^ a chief indented azure. Boteleb^ or 
Butler ; also Middleham. 

Azure^ a chief indented or. Dunham, 
Line, 

Indented per lonff, Deeply indented, or /n- 
dentelly, signifies that the indents are much 
deeper than usuaL 

Indented point in pointy or throughout^ 

Argent, a fess per fess indented through- 
out vert and sable, cottised counterchanged. 
HoDY, Dorset. 

See also Babrt indented, and Barry pUy. 

It would appear irom the following extract 
that in the time of Chaucer, this and several other terms now 
peculiar to heraldry, were in ordinary use. It relates to ^'super- 
fluitee of clothing.^^ 

-— the cost of the embrouding, the disguising, endenting, or barring, 



TTTTTT 



i€. 



aunding, [i. e. waving], paling^ winding, or bending, and semblable wast of 
cloth in Tanitee," etc. 7 

Indian Ooat. See Ooat, Assyrian. 

Indorce. See Endorce* 

Indorsed. See Endorsed. 

Inescutcheon : a single shield borne as 
a charge. When there are two or more they 
are called escutcheons, for an inescutcheon 
always occupies the fess point. An escut- 
cheon of pretence is quite a difierent thing, 
not being a charge at all, but an entire and 
distinct coat. 

Or, an inescutcheon gules. Constable. 

r Penones tale, p. 43. (Ed. TyrwhiU, 18S0.) 




INESCUTCHEON— INVECTED. 160 

Azure, an inescutcheon or. Harleston. 

Impahkd. See Depaubd. 

iNrLAMBD : burning with fire. See Beacon. 

Inpula. See Cap, Long. 

Inoots op gold. Three ingots of gold 
pallet-wise, iretted with another in bend, 
form a part of the arms of Wilson of Snea- 
ton Castle, Yorkshire. 

Inorailed. See Engrailbd. 

Inoullant. See Enooulant. 

Inhancbd. See Enhanced. 

Ink-horn. See Penneb and Ink-horn. 

Ink-holine, or Inke de mouUn. See Fer de houlin. 

Inquire, Arma to. See Arhes pour enguirir. 

Inbaced. See Indented. 

Insiqmed. See Emsiqnbd. 

Inter. Some have used this word for between. 

Intsrchanqeablt posed. Said of three 
arrows, swords, fishes, or other long charges 
placed as in the arms of Norton, which 
would be better blazoned thoa : 

Azure, three swords, one in pale, point \^ 
uppermost, surmounted b; the other two in 
saltire, points downward, ai^nt. 

Interchanqed. See Codntebchanoed. 

Intebpbetted, or Interlaced. See also Braced, Fretted, 
and NowED. The keys in the insignia of the episcopal see of 
Winchester are interlaced in the bows, or rings. 

Invected, Invecked, or Invecgued: there- 
verse of engrailed, the points being turned"^ 
inwards. 

Gibbon says that he never observed more than two instances 
of the use of this line of partition in English heraldry, viz. the 
Levant or Turkey company, (a chief,) and Leftwich, oiLeftwich 
in Cheshire, viz. argent, on a fess invected azure, three garbes or. 
It is rather remarkable that most authorities make both these 




,<^^v^S'&^>ijiyi^i^f'i£^ 



170 



INVECTED— ISSUANT. 



engrailed. Au iuvected fess occurs in a coat granted in 1737 to 
a family named Beynall. 

Inverted: reversed. 

Involved. See Serpents. 

Ireland, Insiffnia of. These have been very differently 
described by early heraldic writers'; indeed so much doubt has 
prevailed concerning them, that in the reign of Edward lY. a 
commission was issued to enquire what they were*. Although 
our kings were styled lords of Ireland from the time of its con- 
quest, and even though Henry YIII. was in 1541 declared king 
of that island by an axjt of parliament, its armorial ensigns were 
not quartered with those of England until the accession of 
James I. They are now held to be azure, a harp or, stringed 
argent. Crest : upon a wreath or and azure, a tower (sometimes 
triple-towered) gold, from the port, a hart springing argent. 
Another crest is a harp or. 

Badges of Ireland. See Badges. 

Irish brogue. See Brogue. 

Iron. See Cutting-iron, Drawing-tron, Soldering-iron, 
Spade-iron. 

Iron-ring : a charge in the insignia of the 
gold and silver wire-drawers of London, being 
a tool used in their trade. 

Issuant, or Isant : arising from the bottom line of a field or 




* The following variations are men- 
tioned in MS. Harl. 804. quoted by 
Mr. Willement in his "Regal Heraldry," 
p. 81. 

Gulesi three ' old harpea' or, stringed 
argent, two and one. 

Oules, a castle argent, a hart issuing 
out of the gate proper, horned or. 

" The armes of Yrland after the des- 
cription of strangers is pty pale gules and 
argent, in the gules an armed arme w 
the poldron ar. holding a sword in the 
gantlet, garnished gold ; in the silver 
a demy splayed egle sable, membred 
gules." 



* This commission found that the 
arms of Ireland were azure, three crowns 
in pale proper. It is rather remarkable 
that when Robert Vera, earl of Oxford, 
was made duke of Ireland, and marquess 
of Dublin in 1386, he received as an 
augmentation, azure, three crowns pro- 
per, two and one, within a border argent, 
to be borne quarterly with his paternal 
arms, in the first and fourth. 

One more variety still remains to be 
noticed. The national flag of Ireland 
exhibits the harp as commonly borne 
in the royal arms, but in a field vert. 



ISSUANT— JESSANT. 



171 








chiefs or from the upper line of a fess^ or from 
a coronet. Naissant^ a term with which 
issuant is often confounded, has a somewhat 
different signification. 

Azure, on a chief or, a demi-lion rampant 
issuant gules. Markham, Noitz. 

Argent, a fess gules, a demi-lion issuing 
therefrom sable. Chalmers, Scotland, 

The difference between demi-lions, demi-lions issuant, and 
demi-lions naissant, has not been sufficiently attended to. They 
are sadly confused in almost every ordinary and alphabet of 
arms. 

Jack, Union. See Union Jack. 

Jacynthb, or Hyacynthe, See Tenn^;. 

Jambe, or Gambe: the leg of a beast. 
If couped or erased at the middle joint, it 
is not a jambe but a paw. 

Or, a lion's jambe inverted and erased 
in bend gules. Powis. 

Gules, three lion's jambes erased and 
inverted argent. Newdigatb, Newdigate, 
Surrey, 

Jaune: a French word which means yellow, often met 
with in old English heraldic poetry, with the signification 
of or. 

Javelin : a dart with a barbed head. 

Jelloped, Jowlopped, These words are used to describe 
the comb and gills of a cock when of a tincture different from 
his body. 

Jerset-comb. See Wool-comb. 

Jerusalem cross. See Cross potent. 

Jess A NT : springing forth. It is often used for issuant y and 
sometimes, though erroneously, for naissarU. 

Jessant'de-lis. This phrase is used with respect to a leo- 
pard's head having a fleur-de-lis passing through it, as in the 




172 



JESSANT— JULY-FLOWER. 




insignia of the See of Hebevobd^ (gules^ 
three leopards^ heads reversed^^ jessant-de- 
lis or,) which seem to have been the arms of 
S. Thomas de Cantelupe, who was bishop 
of the diocese in the thirteenth century. 

Sable^ a leopard^s head argent^ jessant a 
fleur-de-lis or. Morley^ Hants, etc. 

This bearing, it may be remarked, renders 
it extremely probable that the fleur-de-lis was originally the 
head of a lance or spear. 

Jesses : the thongs by which bells are fastened to the legs of 
a hawk or falcon. They may be borne floatant and vervelled. 

Jesus Christ, Pasrian of. See Knights, Passion. 

Jewels. The tinctures of the arms of peers are by some 
heralds called by the names of precious stones, but this practice 
is now almost laid aside as inconvenient and absurd. The 
tinctures in this system of denomination are called as follows. 

Argent. Pearl or Chrystal. Sable. Diamond. 



Sanguine. Sardonix. 
Tenn£. Jacynth. 
Vert. Emerald. 



Azure. Sapphire. 
Gules. Ruby. 
Or. Topaz. 
Purpure. Amethyst. 

Jew's harp. Argent, a Jew's harp (or scoop?) in bend sable, 
between six leaves of the last, are the arms of Scopham, Line. 
John ofJemsalem, S. See Knights, John, S. 
John, Prester. See Prester John. 
John, S., the Baptist. See Heads. 
Joinant: conjoined. 
JowLOPPED. See Jellopped. 
Julian Cross. See Cross of S. Julian. 

JULY-PLOWER. See GiLLY-PLOWER. 



b They are generally bo drawn, but in 
all probability erroneously. Edmonson 
notices that in his time many herald 
painters always drew leopards* heads jes- 



sant-de>lis reversed, which, as he e* 
marks, should never be done unless the 
blazon directs it. 



JUMELLE— KINGS OF ARMS. 



173 



JuMELLE. See Bab gemeUe. 

Jupiter. See Azure. 

JupoN^ or Ju8t au corps : a surcoat. 




Kernels' is 




ATHERINE -WHEEL. See Wheel. 
Kernellated. See Embattled. 
used for battlements by Chaucer^. 

Key : a very common bearing in the insignia of sees and 
religious houses^ especially such as are under 
the patronage of S. Peter. They are often 
interlaced in the bows^ i. e. rings. 

Azure^ two keys in saltire or. The See of 
Gloucester. 

In secular heraldry keys frequently denote 
office in the state. In the following instance 
they obviously refer to the name^ which was 
no doubt derived from such an office. 

GuleSy two keys in saltire or. Chamberletn**. 

Kino. See Arms^ Royal, and Crown. 

Kings op Arms. The principal herald of England was of old 
designated king of the heralds, a title which seems to have been 
exchanged for king of arms about the reign of Henry lY . 

The kings of arms at present existing in England are three ; 
Grarter, Clarenceux*, and Norroy®, besides Bath, who is not a 
member of the college. Scotland is placed under an officer 
called Lyon king of arms, and Ireland is the province of 
one named Ulster. 

Garter principal king of arms was instituted by King Henry V. 
A.D. 1417, for the service of the most noble order bearing that 



« Rom. of the Roie, 4195. 

^ In a yery ancient roll the keys of 
Chamberleyn are represented in saltire 
(as above) but the wards are turned to 



the sinister side of the shield, and the 
bows to the dexter. 
* Called provincial kings of arms. 



174 KINGS OF ARMS. 

name, which had hitherto been attended by Windsor herald. 
He was also made chief of the heralds, which although con- 
sidered a distinct office, has always been held by Gurter. He is 
required to be an EngUshman and a gentleman of coat armour, 
and empowered to grant arms, to assign supporters to new peers 
and knights of the Bath, and to administer the oath to the 
inferior officers of arms, besides performing many other duties 
connected with the order and public ceremonies in general. In 
the capacity of king of arms of the order of the Garter, he has 
apartments within the castle of Windsor, and a mantle of blue 
satin with the arms of S. Greorge upon the left shoulder, besides 
a badge and sceptre. His official costume as principal king of 
arms of the English is a surcoat of velvet, richly embroidered 
with the arms of the sovereign, a crown, and a collar of SS. 

The insignia belonging to the office are borne by every Garter 
king of arms impaled with his own upon the dexter side. They 
are, argent, S. George's cross, on a chief gules', a ducal coronet 
encircled with a garter, between a lion of England on the dexter 
side, and a fleur-de-lis on the sinister, all or. 

Clarenceux is the second in rank of the kings of arms. The 
date of the establishment of his office has never been satis- 
factorily ascertained, although it has been traced to the reign of 
Henry Y .^ His ancient title was Roy des armes des Clarencetix, 
that is of the people of Clarence, a district which comprehends 
the castle and town of Clare in Suffolk, with the surrounding 
country. His province is not, however, confined within such 
narrow limits, but comprises the east, west, and south parts of 
England, from the river Trent. 

Clarenceux has a crown, collar of SS., and surcoat like those 
worn by Garter. The insignia of his office are argent, S. 
George's cross, on a chief gules, a lion of England ducally 
crowned or'. 

' Noble. mentioned aa early as the reign of 

s Surroy, an officer whose jurisdiction £dw. III. It is probable that Claxen- 

appears to have been commensurate with ceux was originaUy a herald retained by 

that now pertaining to Clarenceux, is a duke of Clarence. 



KINGS OF ARMS. 175 

Norroy is the most ancient of the three kings of arms, but 
the lowest in order of precedence. The name first occurs in the 
reign of Edward II. The province assigned to this officer is 
that part of England which lies north of the river Trent, whence 
his title. Boy des armes des Norreys, a word used by Peter of 
Langtoft and other old historians in the sense of Northmen. 
His crown, surcoat, and collar, resemble those of the other 
kings. His official arms are argent, S. George's cross, on a 
chief per pale azure and gules ^, a lion of England, ducally 
crowned, between a fleur-de-lis on the dexter side, and a key, 
wards in chief, on the sinister, all or. 

Bath king of arms, although not a member of the college, 
takes precedence next after Garter. His office was created in 
1725 for the service of the order of the Bath. On the 14th of 
January 172i he was constituted Gloucester king of arms, (an 
office originally instituted by Richard III., in whose reign it 
also became extinct,) and principal herald of the parts of Wales. 
He was likewise empowered to grant arms (either alone, or 
jointly with Garter) to persons residing within the princi- 
pality. 

Bath has a crown like the other kings, and a peculiar costume 
directed by the statutes of the order. 

Lord Lyon king of arms is the chief heraldic officer for Scot- 
land. The title is derived from the Hon in the insignia of the 
kingdom. 

Ulster king of arms has Ireland for his province. A king of 
arms called Ireland existed at least as early as the reign of 
Richard II. There is reason to believe that the succession 
remained uninterrupted for about a century, after which it 
probably became extinct. Ulster was created to supply the 
vacancy by Edward YI. on Candlemas day, 155?. His official 
arms (as given by Noble) are argent S. George's cross, upon a 
chief gules, a lion [of England ?] between a harp and a port- 
cullis, all or. 

^ Noble makes the chief per pale azure and gules. 



176 



KNIFE— KNIGHTS. 



Knife. 

Oules^ a knife argent^ hafk or. Blood. 
Azure, three knives argent, hafted gules. 
Knyvett. 

Knives also occur in the insignia of Croy- 
land abbey. 

Cutting knife: a tool used by 
Plumbers, and borne by their Com- 
pany in London. 




7> 




Paring knife. See Shave, Currier^s. 
Pruning knife. See also Pruning-hook. 

Knights. Knight is a title of honour derived from the 
Anglo-Saxon Cniht;, a servant or attendant, which refers to 
those who attended kings upon horse-back, whence the names 
by which knights are distinguished in many other languages, 
eques^, chevalier, ritter, etc- 

AU the orders and other kinds of knighthood which have 
existed in, or been connected with Great Britain and Ireland, 
will be here noticed in alphabetical order. The costumes and 
decorations required by the statutes of these orders are, gene- 
rally speaking, only noticed as far as they are connected with 
the arms of the knights. Every knight whose order has a collar 
may surround his arms with the same, but this is seldom done. 

Andrew^ S. Order of See Thiatley infra. 

Bachelor, Knight^ is the lowest rank of knighthood but the 
most ancient. The title is generally considered to be a corrup- 
tion of bas chevalier. Every holder of a knight^s fee, that is, a 
certain quantity of land, varying at different periods, was, from 
the introduction of knight-service by William the Conqueror, to 
its abolition in the 12th of Charles II. capable of receiving 
knighthood; indeed early in the sixteenth century it became 
usual to compel every such holder either to receive knighthood 
or make a composition with the sovereign for the loss of his ser- 
vices, for every knight was bound to attend the king in war for 
forty days, reckoned from the time of arrival in the country of 

< Knights are never called Equites in medieval Latin, but always Milites. 



KNIGHTS. 177 

the enemy. Since the abolition of knight-service^ knighthood 
has been conferred without regard to property^ as a mark of the 
esteem of the sovereign^ or a reward for service^ whether military 
or civil. 

The privilege of conferring knighthood was originally vested 
in every member of the knightly order^ and even prelates'', 
but was afterwards restricted to personages of rank, and finally 
to the sovereign or his representative, as the commander of 
an army. The lord lieutenant of Ireland still possesses the 
power of conferring knighthood, though he does not often exer- 
cise it. 

The ceremonies performed at the creation of a knight have 
greatly varied at different periods. In the middle ages fasting 
and bathing were the usual preparations, and the title was con- 
ferred by binding a sword and spurs upon the candidate, after 
which a blow was given him upon the cheek or shoulder, as the 
last affront he was to receive unrequited, and an oath was ad- 
ministered to him, the general purport of which was that he 
would protect the distressed, maintain right against might, and 
never by word or deed stain the honour of his character as a 
knight and a Christian. In modem times knighthood has occa- 
sionally been conferred upon persons absent from the realm, by 
patent. 

The ceremonies used at the degradation of a knight consisted 
chiefly in chopping off his spurs with a hatchet, breaking his 
sword, and reversing his arms. Religious observances were 
sometimes added. But very few instances of degradation from 
knighthood are on record. 

The arms of a knight bachelor are only distinguished from 
those of an esquire by the helmet. 

Banneret, Knight, the knight bachelor bore a forked or 
swallow-tailed pennon, the tails of which were cut off when he 
was made a knight banneret, or of the small banner, into which 
the pennon was thus transformed* The title could not, it 

^ Archbishop Lanfranc is recorded to quently. Abbats were forbidden to do 
have conferred knighthood very fre- so by a synod held in 1102. 

A a 



178 KNIGHTS. 

seems^ be conferred except in the field and under the king's 
standard. It is not known to occur in England previous to the 
reign of Edward I. 

The manner in which the title of knight banneret was con- 
ferred by the Black Prince upon Sir John Chandos immediately 
before the battle of Najara (or Navaretta) in 1366 is related 
by Froissart. 

From about the commencement of the sixteenth century^ the 
title seems to have been almost entirely laid aside. After the 
battle of Musselborough in Scotland (1547, 1 Edw, VI.) the 
duke of Somerset made many knights bachelors and three 
bannerets, Sir Ralph Sadler, Sir Francis Brian, and Sir Ralph 
Vane, who, says Baker, " were the last that from that time to 
this did ever receive this dignity ^'' Sir Ralph Sadler, the last 
surviving of these bannerets, died in 1587. 

Colonel John Smith, having recovered the royal standard from 
the rebels at the battle of Edge-hill, (Oct. 23, 1642,) was made a 
banneret by King Charles I. 

From this time we read no more of knights bannerets until 
July 1743; when the title was given to several English officers 
(including two dukes and five earls) upon the field of Det- 
tingen. 

King George III. gave the title to General Sir William 
Erskine on his return from the battle of Emsdorff, in 1764. 
The ceremony was performed at a review in Hyde Park, the 
general being invested with the colours of the 9th Light 
Dragoons, but the proceeding being considered irregular his 
rank was not generally recognised. . The same king bestowed 
the dignity of knight banneret upon five naval officers at a mari- 
time review at Portsmouth in 1773, but great doubts were 
raised as to the validity of the creation, for although the dignity 
was conferred under the royal standard, it was not in actual 
warfare". 

1 Cbroniclci p. 302. Thiin passage was were not the first that were 80, for we find 

probably written before the bailie of that King Edward III, by letter* patent 

Edge-hill. charged William de la Pole *'ut sUtum 

"* If these creations were irregular they et honorem teneret et continueret Ban- 



KNIGHTS. 179 

Bath, Order of the, [LaL Ordo de Balneo: Fr. Ordre du Bain.] 
Bathing appears to have been a customary preparation for 
simple knighthood from a very early period. Matthew Paris 
says that King Henry III. made his brethren by his mother's 
side knights, ''secundum regum Francorum consuetudinem^' 
after fasting, watching, and bathing. The orikr of the Bath 
does not, however, seem to be of greater antiquity than the reign 
of Henry IV., who at his coronation gave the title to forty-six 
esquires. It became usual from that time to confer the dignity 
at coronations and other great national ceremonies, such as the 
marriage of the sovereign, or the creation of a prince of Wales. 
Forty-six knights of the Bath were made at the coronation of 
Queen Mary, and sixty-eight at that of King Charles II. 

Knights of the Bath were anciently distinguished by an 
emerass or escutcheon of azure silk upon the left shoulder 
charged with three crowns proper, the arms ascribed to King 
Arthur. The motto placed above this escutcheon, (from which 
the bearers were often called knights of the crowns,) was TVois 
en un. 

From the coronation of King Charles II. the order (if indeed 
it was an order in the usual acceptation of the term) was disused 
until revived by letters patent of George I. dated May 18, 1725. 
It was then directed to be a military order consisting of the 
sovereign, a grand master, and thirty-six companions besides a 
dean, register, king of arms, genealogist, secretary, usher, and 
messenger. The office of dean was annexed to the deanery of 
the collegiate church of S. Peter at Westminster, but the other 
officers were directed to be appointed by the grand master. 
The genealogist was shortly afterwards made a herald with the 
title of Blanc coursier, and Bath king of arms was made also 
Gloucester king of arms, principal herald of the parts of Wales, 

neretti," and even made the title heredi- declared Nicholas de Grey ** de familia 

tary in his family. These instances are, Regis tanquam Bannerettus/' thereby 

it is believedi unparalleled in England, giving him the precedence and pay of 

though not without precedent in France, a Banneret, though not the dignity 

Before this, King Edward II. had by writ itself. 



180 



KNIGHTS. 



and Hanover herald. The uslier of the scarlet rod vfts made 
Brunswick herald, and, with the otheri, received permission to 
impale insignia of office with his own arms, as Garter, Norrojr, 
and Clarencenx had done long before. 

By an instrument given under sign manual on the first of 
June following, a collar° was appointed. It was ordered to be 
of gold of 30 oz. weight, and to consist of several imperial 



It dkted Hanover, Not. 
16, i72B, detciibea thii collar more 
definitely. It is eompoied of mat im- 
perial crowns of gold, (fire demi arches 
visible, no caps,) and eight roaea and 
thiatlea (the shamrock hu been added 
lUbsequently) iisuing from a scepbe, all 
enamelled proper, linked together with 
■eventeen white knoti. The badge, vhich 
waa appended to one of tlie knots, was an 
oval plate aiuie, charged with a Bcepire 
in pale, from which issued a rose and a 
this lie, between three imperial crowns 
proper; the whole within tho ciielc of 



the order. Upon the enla^ement of the 
order in ISIS, it wai altered to a white 
Maltese ciosa, cantoned with four lioni 
of England. Upon the centre is a cir- 
cular compartment charged as the old 
badge with the addition of a shamrock, 
and (as borne by all the aililary knights) 
encircled with a wreath of laurel taauing 



from 






bribed II 



in letters of gold. 

The old circle surroimdiug the shield 
waa like the present one, but without the 
wreath and escrolL The oval badge was 
usually appended to it. 



KNIGHTS. 181 

The firat iDBtaoce of the nominatioti of an extra knight was 
in the case of Sir G. M. Keith, in 1772. In 1812, eleven extra 
knights were admitted by an especial statute. 

The order continued in this fonn antil January 2, IS15, when 
the Prince Regent, in commemoration of the termination of 
war, orduned that the order should henceforward consist of 
three classes. 

(1.) Knights grand crosaea, corresponding with the late com- 
panions. These were never to exceed the number of seventy- 
two", of whom twelve might be nominated for civil services. 
The arms of knights of this class are distinguished by supporters, 
and by being placed within the red 
circle of the order edged with gold, 
and having the motto tria jcncta 
IN UNO, in gold letters. This is snr- 
roimded with a wreath of laurel, and 
has the badge of the order pendent 
by a red ribbon, over this badge 
is an escroll azure, with the words 
iCH DiBN, or. Knights who have 
received the order for civil services 
omit the wreath of laurel and the 
escroll P. 

(2.) The second class consists of Knights commanders, who 
must be ofEcers holding commissions in the British army or 
navy. They are not permitted to use Sfipporters, but may place 
their arms within the red circle of the order as the knights 
grand crosses do, with a similar, but somewhat smaller badge 
pendent. The number was originally Ssed at 180, exclusive of 
ten honorary knights, who were to be foreigners holding com- 
missions in the English service. 

' EzcludTe of the lovereign, and cat (or, on a chief indenled sable, three 

princes of tlic blood layti holding naval creicenis ugeat} are thoxe of the late 

or military officea. The numbei has Adm. Sit Eliab Harvey, G.C.8. The 

aiace been coniiderably increased. badge ia «hcHii more in detail in Ihe cut 

t The arms represented in the above preeeding. 



182 KNIGHTS. 

(3.) The third class consists of an unlimited number of Com' 
panions, who^ although they take precedence of all esquires^, are 
not authorized to assume the style of knighthood. This class 
is also exclusively composed of naval and military officers. 
They may bear the badge (which is similar to those borne by 
the other classes^ but smaller) pendent by a red ribbon below 
their arms^ which are not otherwise distinguished from those 
of esquires. 

Crown of Love. Besides the regularly constituted orders 
of knighthood^ various knightly associations ore on record, 
possessing no corporate or permanent characters, which have 
been erroneously reckoned by some writers among the orders. 
To this class may be referred the Crown of Love, said to have 
been instituted by James III. of Scotland in 1479, and of 
which no further mention is found; and the Knights of the 
Esses, (called an order by Favine,) from the collar conferred by 
Henry Y. on certain of his followers on the festival of SS. 
Crispin and Crispinian, Oct. 25, 1415, the day of the victory 
of Agincourt* See S. Collar qf 88. 

Garter, Order of the, \Lat. Ordo Garterii, seu ik Feriscelide : 
Fr. Ordre de la Jarretiere.] The precise date of the institution 
of this order is uncertain. Froissart, a contemporary writer, says 
the 18th year of King Edward III., but most authorities the 
23rd or 24th. 

The circumstances which led to its institution are less doubt* 
fill than the precise time of that event'. Edward having lately 
assumed the title of King of France, and reduced that kingdom 
into his power, seems to have instituted the order of the garter 
in commemoration of these events, as well as to reward some of 
the most distinguished persons by whose assistance he accom- 
plished the conquest. Hence the colour of the garter is blue, — 
the royal livery of France, and the motto honi soit qui mal t 
FENSE, which (as Sir N. H. Nicolas remarks) should not be trans- 
lated " Evil be to him that evil thinks," but " Dishonoured be 

' The tradition respecting the countess of Salishory is too improhahle to deserve a 
moment's consideration. 



KNIGHTS. 188 

he who thinks ill of it/^ which may be understood to refer 
either to the expedition against France or to the order itself. 
Why the garter was chosen as the badge of the order is not 
clear. 

The order originally consisted of the sovereign, and twenty- 
five companions, of whom the Prince of Wales was first. 
Members of the royal family, (i. e. lineal descendants of 
George II.") and foreign princes^ are not now included in this 
number". 

The original statutes of the order are lost. Others were given 
by Henry V. and Henry VIII., and a few trifling alterations 
have been made since. No person can be admitted into the 
order of the garter unless he be first a knight bachelor. 

The principal officers of the order are, 

(1.) The Prelate, who has always been the bishop of Win- 
chester. He may encircle his arms (impaled with the insignia 
of the see) with the garter. The badge of his office may be 
suspended beneath by a dark blue ribbon. The prelate is 
one of the three officers appointed by the founder. 

(2.) The Chancellor. Until the reign of Edward IV. this 
office was fulfilled by one of the companions. That king having 
annexed the chancellorship to the see of Salisbury, it re- 
mained so until the reign of Edward VI., when it passed into 
lay hands* In 1669 the chapter of the order re-annexed 
the office to the see of Salisbury, upon the next vacancy. 
In consequence of this. Bishop Seth Ward became chancellor, 
Nov. 25, 1671. Recent alterations in the ecclesiastical division 
of England having placed Windsor in the diocese of Oxford, the 
bishop of that diocese is now chancellor of the garter. His 
arms are arranged in a similar manner to those of the 
prelate. 

(3.) The Reffistrar, whose office was instituted at the founda- 
tion of the order, and annexed to the deanery of Windsor, 

' By statute of June 3, 1786. a special statute in 1814, but no further 

^ By subsequent statutes. elections took place until the number was 

■ Two extra knights were admitted by reduced below twenty- five. 



184 KNIGHTS. 

8 Hen. YIII. His arms (nith the insignia of the deanery, — 
argent, a cross gules) may be encircled by the garter, the badge 
being appended below. 

(4.) Garter king of arrtu, an office instituted by Henry V., 
the order having hitherto been attended by Windsor herald. 
See Kings of arhb. His badge (which may be suspended 
beloT his arms) consists of the arms of S. George and the royal 
arms impaled within the garter, and ensigned with the imperial 
crown. 

(5.) The Gentlemim vtker of the black rod, who is required to 
be a natural bom subject of Ei^land, and a knight bachelor. 
The office was instituted by the founder. His badge is a knot 
(Uke those in the collar) within the garter. 

To describe the costume of the order, any further than it is 
immediately connected with armorial bearings, is beyond our 
limits. We shall therefore only notice the garter and the 
collar. 

The garter does not appear to have been commonly placed 
around the arms either of the sove- 
reign, companions, or officers, until 
the reign of Henry VIII., the earlier 
stall plates in S. George's chapel at 
Windsor being without it. The first 
instance which we have observed of 
the royal arms being so encircled, is 
of the time of Edward IV., as already 
noticed under Arms, Royal'. The 
colour of the garter is blue, the motto 

and edging being of gold. The motto was anciently in the old 
English character, but of late in Koman^. 

The collar (which may be placed around arms, outside the 

■ "There were an. 31 Cor. I. [16M] of the 0«rter, p. 207. 

eertUD h»lf-crowni stamped in the weit ' For the gsrter as t. chRTge »pc 

of England, h&ving the Borereign'i trtnt QiIhter. The anna in the cut nre thone 

H encomptuied, and this wai the firtt of Edw. St&ffiird, duke of Buckinghati), 

money whereupon the royal garter ap- (ob. 1S2I,) vii. or, a chevron giilei. 
prated amongit as." Aalimole, Order 




KNIGHTS. 185 

garter) consists of twenty- 
six garters enclosing red 
roses^ barbed and seeded 
proper, upon a blue ground, 
and as many golden knots'. 
To one of the garters the 
George* is suspended. This collar was ordained by King 
Henry VIII., whose arms occur within it. 

It has been doubted whether a knight of the garter (or indeed 
of any other order) can with propriety impale the arms of his 
wife within the insignia of his knighthood. The usual modem 
practice is to have two escutcheons placed side by side, the dexter 
containing the knight's arms surrounded by the garter, and the 
sinister the same arms with his wife's, not so encircled^. There 
is however quite sufficient precedent to justify the simpler 
arrangement, namely, surrounding the impaled arms of the 
knight and his lady with the garter, but this must be laid aside 
by the lady should she survive her husband, for the garter must 
never encircle a lozenge^. 

Garter, Order of the {in Ireland.) In 1466 King Edward lY. 
instituted an order of the Garter in Ireland, but it was abolished 
by parliament in 1494'*. 

Hanoverian, or Guelphic order. This order was instituted by 
King George IV. when Prince Regent, Aug. 1 2, 
1815. Although no longer connected with the 
British empire, it must be briefly noticed, as 
having been founded by an English sovereign. 

The Grand Mastership is annexed to the crown of Hanover. 
The order consists of three classes, viz. Grand Crosses, Com- 
manders, and Knights, each class being divided into military 
and dvil knights. The number is unlimited. 

* The number refers to the sovereign ^ See the cut upon p. 5. 

and twenty-five companions. c For a more extended account of the 

* A figure of S. George on horseback, order of the Garter the reader is referred 
piercing the fallen dragon, which lies to the elaborate volumes of Ashmole and 
upon a mount. The details of these Ansti8,and also to Mr. BelU*8 Memorials, 
figures vary in different examples. ^ Noble, Hist, of the Coll. of Arms, p. 27. 

Bb 




186 



KNIGHTS. 




The collar^ circle^ and other decorations of the order^ are fully 
described in the statutes ; an English translation of which was 
published in 1828, by Sir N. H. Nicolas*. The circle within 
which all members of the first two classes may place their arms, 
is blue, edged with gold, and inscribed nec • aspera • terrext. 
Military knights surround this with a wreath of laurel; civil 
knights with one of oak. The Grand Crosses include both 
wreath and circle within the collar, to which is appended the 
badge. The two lower classes may bear the badge pendent 
below their arms by a blue ribbon. 

John of Jerusalem, Knights HospUaUers of 8. ; often called 
Knights of Rhodes, and afterwards of Malta, 
from their temporary occupation of those 
islands. 

In the year 1048, almost half a century 
before the first crusade, some merchants of 
Amalfi in the kingdom of Naples were per- 
mitted by the infidels, who had now been 
masters of Jerusalem for nearly five hundred 
years, to erect three religious edifices ; a church, called S. Mary 
ad Latinos ; a convent for women, of which S. Mary Magdalene 
was the guardian; and an hospital for pilgrims, dedicated to 
S. John the Baptist. From the latter sprung the most cele- 
brated order of knighthood that ever existed in Christendom. 

The first Crusade was undertaken about the year 1092, but 
the conquest of Jerusalem was not effected until July 15, 1099. 
The brethren of the hospital of S. John, under Gerard,, their 
first superior, materially assisted the crusaders by affording 
relief to their sick and wounded; and in gratitude for their 
services many of the European princes gave them considerable 
property in their respective states. A few 
years afterwards, the brethren, by the advice 
of Gerard, took vows of obedience, poverty, 
and celibacy, before the patriarch of Jeru- 
salem, and assumed a long black habit, with 
a cross of white cloth, of the form since 

c London f 4to. 




KNIGHTS. 187 

called Maltese, upon the left breast. The rule which they 
adopted was that of S. Augustine. These arrangements were 
ratified in 1113, by Pope Paschal II. 

The first body of statutes was given in 1121, by Raymund du 
Puy, (in Latin de Podio,) the immediate successor of Glerard in 
the office of superior, and confirmed by Pope Calixtus II. in the 
same year. 

Within ten years after the promulgation of their first statutes^ 
the Hospitallers (through Raymond their superior) made an 
offer of their services to King Baldwin II. to fight against the 
Saracens. This offer was accepted by the king, and in 1130 
approved by Pope Innocent II., who ordered that the standard 
of the knights should be a white cross in a red field. In their 
military capacity they wore red surcoats, with the white cross 
before and behind^ 

The order, having become military as well as religious, was 
soon joined by many persons of very high rank, and rapidly in- 
creased in wealth and influence. Upon the downfall of Chris- 
tian power at Jerusalem, (1187) the Hospitallers retired first to 
Margat in Phoenicia, which they lost in 1285, and then to Acre, 
(or Ptolemais,) their last possession in the Holy Land, whence 
they were driven, after a desperate resistance, in 1291, where- 
upon Henry II., king of Cyprus, afforded them a temporary 
asylum in his seaport of Limosso. 

In 1310, the knights under the command of Foulkes de 
Yillaret, their grand master, besieged and conquered Rhodes^ 
with seven smaller islands adjacent. In 1315 their newly 
acquired territory was attacked by the Saracens, against whom 
they successfully defended it, with the assistance of Amadous Y . 
earl of Savoy^. They again defended Rhodes in 1481, against 

'The Hospitallers seem to have ordeTt it &ntcaXied the order qf the Collar, 

assumed a military character as early as and afterwards of the Annunciationf was 

1121, the first year of the superiority of founded by Amadeus VI., earl of Savoy, 

Raymund. in 1355. The letters F.E.R.T., borne as 

' The addition of the cross to the arms a device by the house of Savoy, have also 
of the house of Savoy is dated from this been considered as a memorial of the de- 
victory, in commemoration of which an fence of Rhodes, and explained Fortitude 



188 KNIGHTS. 

the sultan Mahomet 11.^ but were, in 1523, compelled, after 
sustaining a severe siege of six months, to surrender the islands 
to an immense army under the sultan Solyman, called the 
Magnificent. They retired for a time to Candia, but Pope 
Adrian VI. offering them an asylum at Yitubo, they accepted 
the inyitation and remained there for about six years. Upon 
the 24th of March, 1530, the emperor Charles Y., to whose 
neglect to assist the knights the loss of Rhodes was attributed, 
ceded to the order the sovereignty of the island of Malta, 
together with Tripoli and Oozo, stipulating that the Grand 
Master should annually present a falcon to the king or viceroy 
of Sicily, a state which then belonged to the emperor as king 
of Spain. 

In 1565 Malta was invaded by an immense army of Turks, 
who were repelled with a tremendous loss. In the year follow- 
ing the knights founded the city of Yaletta, which derives its 
name from La Yalette, who was then Grand Master. From 
this period nothing which it is necessary to mention here 
occurred until 1798, when the island, although so strongly 
fortified that it was deemed impregnable, was, through the 
treachery of some French knights and the pusillanimity of 
Ferdinand d'Hompesch, Grand Master, smrrendered without 
resistance, to Buonaparte. 

Upon the 24th of November, 1798, Paul, emperor of Russia, 
was elected Grand Master. Since the death of that prince in 
1801, the office has not been filled, an officer denominated 
Lieutenant of the Grand Master having been substituted. On 
the loss of Malta, a majority of the knights retired to Trieste, 
and subsequently to Messina and Catania. Their chief settle- 
ment is now at Ferrara in the States of the Pope. 

By the rule of Baymund du Puy the order is divided into 
three classes, distinguished as Knights, Chaplains, and Serving 

ejus Rhodum tenuit, but Guichenon, in his FERT, undivided by stops. This word, 

Genealogical History of that family, men- it may be proper to notice, is repeated 

tiohs a coin of Louis of Savoy, baron of several times in the collar of the order 

Vaud, who died 1301, with the word of the Annunciation. 



KNIGHTS. 189 

brotliersj or Serjeants at arms^. Candidates for admission as 
knights must prove their noble descent for four generations, 
both on the father's side and the mother's, which condition 
may however be dispensed with to a certain extent by a general 
chapter. All sovereign princes and their sons, whether legiti- 
mate or otherwise, are qualified. Chaplains, or conventual 
priests, are required to be of noble families. They were 
formerly assisted in the celebration of divine offices by clergy- 
men of an inferior rank, called priests of obedience. Seijeants 
at arms should be of good families, but this condition may be 
dispensed with. 

When in its fiill prosperity, the order was divided into eiglit 
languages, as follows. 

I. Provence, the head of which branch was designated 
Qrand Commander of the Religion. 

II. AuvERONE : Grand Mareschal of the order. 

III. France : Grand Hospitaller. 

IV. Italy : Grand Admiral. 

v. Arragon : Grand Conservator. 

VI. England' : Grand Turcopolier, or Colonel of the horse. 

VII. Germany : Grand BaiUff. 

YIII. Castile and Portugal : Grand Chancellor. 

Each language or nation has, or had, several grand priories, 
imder each of which were a number of commanderies or pre- 
ceptories. The chief establishment of the order in England 
was the magnificent hospital of S. John of Jerusalem at Clerk- 
en well, founded by Jordan Briset, a baron, about 1110^. The 
prior of this Hospital had a seat in the upper house of parlia- 
ment, and was commonly styled first baron of England. This 

^ There were also sisters of the order, place was filled in 1786, by a newly 

of whom there was but one preceptory in constituted branch under the denomina- 

England, viz. that at Buckland in tion of the ANaLO-BAVARiAN. 

Somersetshire, placed there by King ^ Many documents relating to this 

Henry II., A.D. 1180. house are printed in Dugdale's Monasti- 

I When England withdrew, Germany con, where there are also references to 

became the sixth language, and Castile many more, 
and Portugal the seventh. The eighth 



190 



KNIGHTS. 



hospital^ with all its dependencies^ was dissolved by act of pa]> 
liament 32 Hen. YIII.^ (1540^) but restored by charter of 
Queen Mary in 1557. About a year afterwards the knights 
being called upon to take the oath of supremacy to Queen 
Elizabeth^ chose rather to surrender into her hands all their 
possessions. 

The ensign of the order of S. John is gules^ a cross argent. 
In official seals^ etc.^ the Grand Masters quartered this cross in 
the first and fourth. Knights bear it upon 
a chief. The annexed woodcut represents 
the arms of Sir Thomas Docwra^^ the last 
prior but one of ClerkenweU before the dis- 
solution^ as sculptured upon the gateway 
(1504) which still remains^ though in a 
fearful state of dilapidation. Knights of 
S. John may also place their shields upon a large Maltese cross. 
A cross of this form^ enamelled white^ and edged with gold^ is 
worn by all the knights as a badge^ with certain variations 
denoting their several countries. 

While the knights occupied Malta they elected their Orand 
Master in the following manner. The knights of each language 
selected two of their number : half of this body agreed to with- 
draw^ and the other half nominated a knight^ a chaplain^ and a 
serving brother^ to whom was committed the task of electing 
any one of the sixteen grand crosses as the head of the whole 
order™. 




' According to Fuller the tinctures 
are as follows: — sable, a chevrou en- 
grailed argent, between three plates, each 
charged with a pallet gules. The pallets 
are not visible in the sculpture. 

B We have thus endeavoured to give as 
extended a notice of the order of S. Juhn 
as our limits would admit Persons de- 
sirous of further information may profit- 
ably consult Oiac. Bosio, Historia dell 
S. Religione ed III. Militia di S. Gio- 
vanni Gerosolimitano, 2 vols. Roma, 



1594. foL : (there are subsequent editions 
and also a French translation, 2 vols. 
Par. 1648. fol.): R. A. de Vertot, His- 
toire des Chevaliers Hospitalliers de 
S. Jean de Jerusalem, 4 vols. Par. 1726, 
4ta (an English translation, 2 vols. fol. 
Lond. 1728:) and particularly Fault, 
Codice diplomatico del Sacro Militare 
Ordine Gerosolimitano, 2 vols. Lucca, 
1732, 37. fol. To these we might add 
L. de BoisoBLiN, Ancient and Modem 
MalU, 3 vols. Lond. 1804. 4to. 



KNIGHTS. 191 

Michael and S. Creorge, The most distinguished order of S. 
This order was founded by King George IV. when Prince 
Regent, April 27, 1818, in commemoration of the republic of 
the Ionian islands being placed under the protection of Great 
Britain. The Sovereign of Great Britain being protector of 
the United States of the Ionian islands, is also Sovereign of the 
order of SS. Michael and George. The Grand Master is the 
Lord High Commissioner of the United States of the Ionian 
islands for the time being. The order consists of three classes. 
Knights Grand Crosses, Knights Commanders, and Knights 
Companions. The principal officers are two Prelates, a Chan- 
cellor, a King of arms, and a Registrar. 

The ribbon of the order is blue, with a red stripe of one third 
of its width down the centre. The badge appended to it is a 
white star of seven double rays, edged with gold and ensigned 
with the royal crown. Upon its centre is a circular plate upon 
which is a representation of the archangel Michael overcoming 
Satan. In his right hand is a flaming sword, and in his left a 
chain. This is surrounded by a blue fillet edged with gold, and 
inscribed auspicium meliobis jbvi in letters of the same. 

The order has a collar, but it is rarely used with arms. 

Passion qf Jesus Christ. An order founded by Richard II. of 
England and Charles VI. of France in 1380, for the recovery 
of the Holy Land. It was to have consisted of one thousand 
knights, each attended by one esquire and three men at arms. 
Its officers were a Grand Justiciary and a Grand Bailiff. 

The badge of the order was a plain red cross fimbriated with 
gold, upon the intersection of which was an eightfoiled compart- 
ment (composed of four pointed leaves in cross, and four round 
ones in saltire) sable, edged or, and charged with an agnus Dei 
proper. This cross was sewed to the upper garment of the 
knights, which was white". 



1^ In Ashmole's' 'Order of the Garter" a board shaped thus,- 



^ 



(1672, p. 86.) may be seen figures of inscribed with the letters pf^s, the 
knights of this order attended by their second letter being crossed, which is 
esquires, one of whom bears upon a pole a mark of contraction. This manner of 



The duration of this order appears to have been very brief. 
Patrick, Order qf 8. An order instituted by King George III. 
for his kingdom of Ireland, Feb. 5, 1783. It consista of the 
Sovereign, the Grand Master, who is the Lord Lieutenant of 
Ireland for the time being, and knights, originally fifteen in 
number but at present more", the first of whom is always a 
prince of the blood royal. Each knight has three esquires. 
The first investiture took place at Dublin Castle, March 11, 
1783, and the first installatioa in the cathedral of S, Patrick on 
the 17th of the same month. 

The officers are the Prelate, who is always archbishop of 
Armagh; the 
Chancellor, 
I the arch- 
bishop of 
Dublin; the 
aneied to the 
r king of arms, 
salogist, Secre- 
rod. 

B knights may 
mre gold, and 
e rosesP alter* 
ted by twelve 
h rose is occn- 
;h the badge is 
appenaea oy anotner barp. The badge is 

vmtiiig the nune of Jbiub (■llhough it splendid noodcut ia the NnremlHTg 

hu eacaped the vigiUiitreieKrcbeB of the Chronicle, 1498. The only inituice that 

■uthoc of " An argument for ths Greek has been noticed of its emploj'inent in 

origin of the monogram IH«," piibliihed any other country ia that fint mentioned 

by the Cambridge Camden Society) ii abore. 

common in Italian MSS. and occura in ■• Six extra hnigblB were nominated in 

the worka of Pietto Liuiali, or Loien- 1821. 

letti, ■ painter, who flouriahed at the end P Each loae ia donble, a red one within 

of tlie thirteenth century and the com- a white, and placed apon a circular plate 

tnencemeut of the next It waa also ot, having a border argent, charged with 

Died in Oermany, aa in a large and nine trefoila alipped proper. 



KNIGHTS. 193 

an oval plate argent^ charged with a saltire gules^ surmounted 
by a trefoil slipped proper, on each leaf an imperial crown of the 
last. This oval plate has two borders, the innermost or, with 
the motto quis separabit. mdgclxxxiii., the other argent, 
charged with about sixteen trefoils proper. When the collar is 
not placed around the arms of a knigfai;, this badge may be sus- 
pended below them by a light blue ribbon. 

Poor Knights: anciently knights bachelors, in distinction 
from bannerets. 

Rhodes, Knights of. See John, S, supra. 

Bich Knights : knights bannerets were sometimes so called 
in distinction from simple knights. 

Round Table .- an imaginary order of knighthood, the institu- 
tion of which is attributed to King Arthur in the sixth century, 
when, it is said, he entertained twenty-four of his chief warriors 
at a table, which, in order to prevent disputes about precedency, 
was made circular. The names and arms of these warriors, 
supplied of course by the fancy of an age long after that of 
Arthur, are given by Favine, and a round table, probably made 
about the time of Henry VII., in commemoration of the order, 
is preserved in the county hall at Winchester. 

On the first of January 1344, King Edward III. kept a great 
festival at Windsor, upon which occasion he is recorded to have 
erected a hall 200 feet in diameter, wherein he feasted many 
knights at a large round table. This seems to have been rather 
a commemoration of the supposed order, than, as some have 
endeavoured to shew, a revival of it. 

Royal Oak, Knights of the. This was to have been the desig- 
nation of an order contemplated by King Charles II. Six 
hundred and eighty seven baronets, knights, and gentlemen, 
whose fortunes varied from £600 to £4000 per annum, were 
selected as its recipients, but the project was relinquished, lest 
it should keep alive that party spirit which it was the policy no 
less than the duty of the restored sovereign to conciliate. A 
list of the persons nominated is preserved by Ashmole. 

Sepulchre, See Holy Sepulchre, supra. 

c c 



194 KNIGHTS. 

Table, Round, See Round Table, supra. 

Templars, Knights: an order founded in the Holy Land in 
or about 1119, by Hugo de Perganes, Godofredus de Sancto 
Amore, and others^ who formed themselves into a band to guard 
the supposed site of the Temple of Solomon, and to protect pil- 
grims who resorted thither. The original number of knights 
was only nine. They voluntarily bound themselves to chastity, 
obedience, and poverty. Baldwin II. king of Jerusalem 
approving of their designs, took them under his special patron- 
age and assigned them a residence within his own palace, not- 
withstanding which they were for some years so poor, or rather, 
perhaps, so affected poverty, that they rode two on one horse'', 
and subsisted chiefly on alms. They received a rule' from Pope 
Honorius II., who directed them to wear a white dress, to which 
they afterwards, by order of Pope Eugenius III., added a red 
cross. The order of Templars, like that of S. John, consisted 
of three classes, Knights, Priests, and Serving brothers. As a 
religious order they conformed themselves to the rule of 
S. Augustine. In a comparatively short time they became so 
rich, that according to Ileylin they possessed no less than 
sixteen thousand lordships. Their first settlement in England 
was in Holborn", London, which was soon eclipsed in splen- 
dour by their house in Fleet Street, still known as the Temple. 
The round church erected by them here in imitation of the 
Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem was dedicated 
by Heraclius, patriarch of the Church of the Resurrection in 
that city, Feb. 10, 1185. The chancel was consecrated in 
1240. 

Early in the following century, the Templars were charged 
with many great crimes, perhaps with the view of seizing their 
vast possessions. However this may be, they were on the 
Wednesday after Epiphany (Jan. 10,) 1308, arrested throughout 

1 Two knights upon one horse appear Jan. 13, 1128, and again by Alexander 

upon the first seal of the order. A sub- III., in 1172. 

sequent seal exhibits an Agnus Dei. * On the site of Southampton build- 

. ' Confirmed in the council of Troye??, ings. 



KNIGHTS. 195 

England by command of the king, (Edward II.,) and by autho- 
rity of a papal bull; and a council held at London, A.D. 1309^^ 
having convicted them of various crimes, the king seized all 
their possessions. In 1312 a council" held by Pope Clement V. 
at Vienne in Dauphiny, condemned the order throughout 
Christendom, and gave their property to the knights of S. John. 
Tlieir English possessions were formally transferred to the said 
order, by an act of parliament made in the 17th year of King 
Edward II., A.D. 1323. 

The badge of the order was a red patriarchal cross edged with 
gold, and their banner (called Beauseant) per fess sable and 
argent, signifying terror to the enemies of Christianity, and 
peace to its friends. 

Thistle^ Order of the, or of S. Andrew. The following tradi- 
tional account of the origin of this order is recited in the charter 
of King James VII., dated May 29, 1687, by which the order 
was restored. 

'^Quuin serenissimus decessor noster, Scotorum Rex, Achaius, Ordinem 
Cardui, ex summo principe et duodecem equitibus fratribus constantem ad 
Salvatoris et Apostoloruin suorum numerum alludens, sub protectione Andres 
Scotiffi patroni instituisset, in xnemoriam insignis victoris ejusdem Acbaii'^, 
adveisus Atbelstanum, Saxonum Begem, post^ prelium craentum ibidem pug- 
naretur, in coelis effulsit crux alba decussata, ad formam illius qu» Sancti 
Andres martyrio est sacra, quo fausto portento animati coti, bostes in fugam 
dedere." 

Notwithstanding this traditional account of its institution, 
nothing can be said of the order with any degree of certainty 
until the time of its revival by King James V. in or about the 
year 1540. It became disused within half a century after- 
wards^, but was revived, as we have already seen, by King 



' Wilkins, Concilia, ii. 304. et seq. Northumberland, A.D. 787. 

" Known as the fifteenth general ■ That the order of the Thistle was 

council. considered to be in existence even so late 

' Hungus king of the Picts was also as 1(:80, appears from the achievement 

present of King Charles II., prefixed to Sir 

T Bp. Leslie says on the evening Geo. Mackenzie's " Herauldrie," pub- 

before the battle, which was fought in lished in that year at Edinburgh. 



James II., May 29, 1687, the chapel of Holyrood house being 
the place appointed for installations. 

The order was once more OTerthrown by the revolution of the 
year following its revival, but was restored by Queen Anne, 
Dec. 31, 1703, and has flourished ever since. The statutes of 
Queen Anne directed that the order should consist of the 
sovereign and twelve knights, which was "to be the precise 
number of that order in all time coming," but it was increased 
to sixteen by King George IV. upon his coronation. Simple 
knighthood is a necessary condition of admittance into the 
order of S. Andrew. The officers of the order arc a Dean, a 
Secretary, Lyon king of arms, and an Usher of the green rod. 

As the collar and badge of the order may be used in connec- 
tion with armorial bearings, it is 
necessary to describe them. The 
first is composed of golden thistles 
and sprigs of me enamelled proper, 
being the ancient insignia of the 
Scots and Ficts. The badge, which 
is appended to the collar, consists 
of a radiant star or, charged with 
a figure of S. Andrew proper, (his 
gown green and surcoat purple,} 
standing upon a monnt vert, and 
supporting his cross argent'. The 
jewel, worn attached to a green 

ribbon, consists of an oval plate argent, chai^d with the same 
figure proper, within a border yert, fimbriated (both internally 
and externally) or, and inscribed, in letters of the same, nemo 
ME iHPVNE lacessit''. In the base of this border is a thistle of 
the last. 

The ribbon of the order may encircle the arms of knights 
instead of the collar, the jewel being appended to it. 

' Until Feb. 171) the badge consisted ' Or, as some say, in (he future, 
of the figure of 5. Andrew vilhoul the 



KNIGHTS— KNOWED. 



197 



The dignity of a knight of the Thistle is vacated by accepting 
the Garter. 

Knitting Frahb. This is borne by the frame-work knitters 
of London, a company incorporated 1663, 

Knots of different kinds are borne by several families as 
badges. 

Bottchier'g Knot. This device is many times .^gig^^:^ 
repeated upon the tomb of Abp. Bouchier at U^^^rVZilTi 
Canterbury, and also in the east window of the *-^^^S-^^^^ 
Dean's chapel in that cathedral. In the latter instance it is 
tinctured or. 

BowerCs Knot. Gules, a chevron between 
three such knots argent, is the coat of 

BOWEN. 

Dacre's Knot. The escallop upon the dexter 
side is a charge in the arms of the family. 

Gordian Knot, or Knot of Navarre. The 
insignia of the kingdom of Navarre are some-, 
times described by these terms, but should 
rather be blazoned a cross, saltire, and double 
orle of chains (the two former humettee) linked to each other, 
and to an annulet in the fcss point. 

Harringtoa'a Knot, (borne alao by other families.) See 
Fket. 

Heneag^i Knot: a cognizance belonging 
to the Heneages of Lincolnshire, to which they 
add the motto fast thouoh cnited. 
Laq/'g Knot, * and 
Stafford's Knot,i are badges ( 
' belonging to those families. 

fFake's Knot. This is borne 
by the family as a crest. 
See Raoitlt, 
See NowBD. 






198 



LABEL. 




Ip ABEL: a charge generally used as a temporary 
(^,\^mark of cadency. In the ordinary system of dif- 
fv)Jll(^ ferences a label of three points (which has also 
been termed a file with three labels) is the distinc- 
tion of the eldest son during the lifetime of his father^ and 
some say that the grandson^ being an heir, r — 
should bear a label of five points during pT. 
his grandfather's life, and that hia heir ' 
should bear one of seven, and so on, adding 
two points for each generation. This is not 
however often practised except in the royal 
family, in which the Prince of Wales, as 
eldest son of the sovereign, bears a label of 
three points argent, and all the other chil- 
dren of the sovereign similar labels, charged 
as the sovereign may direct by sign manual 
registered in the College of Arms. All the 
children of these princes and princesses 
bear labels of five points charged in like 
manner. 

Labels were anciently formed throughout, as in the two first 
figures, which also shew the proper position of the charge. 
The points were first straight, then pattee, 
and at last labels were formed as they / _~ — i. \ 
generally are at the present day, without 
any connection with the sides of the shield, the points dove- 
tailed. 

Besides being used as mere temporary marks of cadency, 
labels are also employed as permanent distinctions, that is to 
say, they are borne by every member of some particular 
branches of certain families, just as any other charge is borne« 
Thus the Courtbnays of Devonshire bore the family arms, 
(or, three torteaux,) with a label of three points azure, on each 




LABEL— LAC Y'S KNOT. 199 

point a bezant; and the Nbvulbs of Leicestershire, argent, 
a saltire gules, a label of three points vert. 

The 6r3t instance found on record of the use of the 
label in England is that of Gilbert de Clare, earl of Pem- 
broke and Montgomery, who died 1149. He bore or, three 
chevToneb gulea, a label of five points azure. Soon after this, 
Geoffery Plantaoenet, earl of Anjou, Poictiers, Britanny 
and Eichraond, fourth son of King Heniy II., bore England 
with a label of five points azure. He was born 1159, and died 
1186. 

Saer de Qcincy, first earl of Winton (circ. 1210) bore or, a 
fess, gulea, a label of eleven points azure. His second son, who 
succeeded him, adopted a coat totally different. 

King Edward I. before his accession differenced his arms 
with a label azure, sometimes of five points, and ^ 
sometimes (even on the same seal) of three F 
points, joining the head of the shield, and ' 
interlaced with the tail of the uppermost lion. 
Such peculiarities are difficult to account for, 
but shew that labels in those times were not 
regulated by the principles recognised at a later 
period. 

Edmund Flantagenet, called Crouchback, earl of Lancaster, 
second son of Henry III., bore England with a label, sometimes 
(as hia seal testifies) of three points, and at other times of five 
points, as upon hia monument at Westminster. In both in- 
stances each point is charged with three fleurs-de-lis. York 
says he bore a label of three points ermine, which is probably a 
mistake. 

A label of a very unusual form was borne by John de Foix, 
earl of Kendal 1449. It was sable with three points, each 
formed like a plain cross and charged with five escallops 
argent. 

The ribbons pendent at the sides of a mitre arc also called 
labels. 

Lacy's Knot. See Knots. 



200 



LADDER— LANCE. 




Ladder^ Scaling: a common charge in 
Welsh arms. 

Argent^ three scaling ladders bendwise, 
two and one^ gules. Killinoworth. 

Lamb, Holy, or Paschal. This bearing 
varies considerably in different examples^ 
particularly in the shape of the flag, but the 
annexed figure may be considered as a fair 
type. The nimbus should be or, with a red 
cross : the flag argent, cross and ends gules. 
The Holy Lamb is, however, not unfre- 
quently borne all of one colour. 

Argent, upon a cross gules, a holy lamb 
or. Middle Temple, London. 

Gules, three holy lambs argent. Rowe, Lamerton, Devon. 

Lambeauxed : dovetailed. 

Lambel. See Label. 

Lambrequin: the mantling placed upon a helmet: also the 
point of a label. The word is sometimes applied to the wreath. 

Lamp. Several forms of this charge are found 
in arms. 

Sable, a chevron argent, between three lamps 
(like the first figure) of the same, inflamed proper. 
Farmer, Leic. (granted 1668.) 

The Company of Tin-plate-workers bear three 
lamps like urns with covers, (fig. 2.) One of 
them has two branches with lights, the others 
but one. 

A Roman lamp (copied from one in their 
possession) occurs in the insignia of the Society 
of Antiquaries. 

Globular Lamp. See Lantern, Ship. 

Lampass£. See Langued. 

Lancaster, Rose of: a red rose. 

Lancaster Herald. See Heralds. 

Lance : a tilting spear. See Spear. 




LANOUED— LEG. 201 

Langces : Ku animal haying the tongue of a colour different 
from that of the body, is said to be langned of such a colour. 
See also Armed. 

Lantern, Ship, or Globular lamp. Such a lan- 
tern, eosigned with a royal crown, all proper, U . 
the crest of the Company of Tin-flate-wobkebs 
of London. 

Lapwino. See Tyewhitt, 

Labues, or Larmettes, Gutti de. See GcTxi. 

Lattised, Treillf, or Portcullised: a pattern resembling 
fretty, but placed cross-ways. It may be interlaced or not, and 
is sometimes clou^ or nailed at each intersection. 

Laijnce. See Lance. 

Lavrel. Branches of this plant have oRen been granted, 
especially of late years, as rewards for mihtary service. They 
may be frncted. 

Lateb, or Ploughshare. See Codlter. 

Laveb-fot, or Ewer. Borne by the Founders' 
Company. 

Gules, three laver-pots (or pitchers) argent, are 
the arms of Conddit. 

Lead-line. See Fluhhet. 

Leaf. See Leaves. 

Leash : the thong of leather by which a hawk is held : also, 
a line affixed to the collar of a greyhound. 

Leatheb bottle. See Bottle. 

Leaves of various kinds are common in coat armour. Care 
should be taken accurately to describe their position, which is 
generally erect. 

Leo. See Jambe. The legs of men 
are not unfrequent bearings, both naked 
and in armour. The knee is always em- 
bowed. 

The insignia of the Isle of Man are gules, ' 
three legs embowed, armed proper, garnished 
or, conjoined at the thighs and flexed in 

Dd 





802 LEG— LETTERS. 

triangle. The motto belonging to these insignia is quocunque 

JCCERIS STABIT. 

Leish. See Leash. 

Leopard. This beast is almost invariably borne gardant. 
When rampant^ the French call it a leopard lionn^ &s 
they call a lion passant gardant a lion leoparde. A leopardPs 
head should shew part of the neck, but 
the phrase is generally used for what 
should be termed a leoparJPs facey which 
shews no part of the neck. See Jessant 
delis. 

Azure, a leopard's head affronte erased or. 
Mitchell. 

Azure, three leopards' faces argent. 
Barnes, Line., and Barkey, Kent. 

Letters of the alphabet are occasionally employed as 
charges. The following instances may suffice to shew the 
different ways in which they have been used. 

... an eagle displayed . . . , in chief the letters iohs. . • 
Henry Darcy, Lord Mayor ofLondon, 1338. 

The signification of this charge does not appear. It was 
no doubt borne in characters of the form then generally 
used. 

Sable, on a fess between two dnquefoils in chief argent, and 
on a mount in base, three sprigs of oak proper, acomed or, the 
letters ^SSODID® Jp of the field. Lano. 

Per pale, sable and argent, three Roman B's counterchanged. 
Bridlington Priory, Yorkshire. 

Three text G's in a shield were borne by Tho. Gore, parson 
of Islington, Middx., and West Ham, Essex, who departed 
this life in 1499. This was not a coat of arms, but only a 
mark. 

Gules, three text ^'s or. Kekitmore. 

Argent, a chevron (another two chevronels) between three 
text ^'s sable. Toftb. 

Argent three garlands vert in chief, and a text ^ (sometimes 



LETTERS— LILY. 203 

a BomRn T<^ gules in base. Talke, Taukb, or Tawke, 
HmU. 

Azure, a crou argent charged with the letter 3E, in the fesa 
point, and the letter f, in the honour point, both sable. Christ 
Chvkch PriokYj Cantskbdbt. 

These letters were evidently intended as a contraction of the 
word Chriati. Since the Reformation the above insignia have 
been nsed for the Deanery, the ancient letters having generally 
been changed to x and i. 

Sable, on a pale ai^ent, a Greek « gules. Chabk, Load. 
Granted 1604. 

liEua. See Lubc. 

Levxl. 

Azure, three levels with plummets or. Col- | 
brand, Suaaex. 

A level reversed (fig. 2) occurs in the insignia L 
of the Plumbers' Company. 

Lever: the cormorant: part of the insignia c 
the town of Liverpool. 

Lewbe. See LrRE. 

Lkzard. See Ltzabo. 

LiBARDE, or lAbbarde, anciently used for leopard. 

Lily. 

Sable, three lilies slipped a^ent, a chief per 
pale azure and gules, on the dexter side a fieur* 
de>lis or, on the sinister a hon of England, Eton 
CoLLEos, Bucka. 

William Fatten, (commonly called Watnflite, from the 
place of his birth,) bishop of Winchester, 
havii^ received his education at Eton, 
added to his paternal arms (fusilly ermine 
and sable) a chief of the second, charged 
with three lilies shpped argent. These 
arms are now used by Maodalemi Col- 
lege, Oxford, founded by him. 

' Tha girlinda were nriBinall? ctowhb of thom«, ind the T a ctotb tau. 



I. 

If 



204 



LILY— LION. 




^ 



^ 



lAly ofthefiag, or (^France: the fleur-de-lis. 
Lilt-pot, 

AzurCj K pot of liliea argent, is the ensign 
of the Boyal Burgh of Dundee. 

Limb qf a tree. Often borne in arms, 
sometimes extending throughout the shield, 
and sometimes couped or snagged. It differs 
from a bend, fess, etc., raguly, chiefly in the 
appearance of convexity which it possesses. 

Limbeck, or A/embick; the charge represented in the an- 
nexed cut is so termed by numerous heraldic 
writers, but the connection between the 
name and the figure is not very apparent. 

Azure, on a chevron or, between three 
antique limbecks argent, as many roses 
gnles, seeded of the second, barbed, shpped, 
and leaved proper. The Fewtebers' Company, London. 
Granted 1479. See also Distillatobt. 

Lines of Partition. See Party, and also Champaone, Dan- 
CETT^, Dovetailed, Embattled, Enorailed, Indented, In- 
VECTED, Nebul£, Potent6, Raouly, and Wavy. 

Lined. This vord is used in two senses, as (1.) a mantle 
gules, lined ermine, and (2.) a greyhound gorged and lined, that 
is, with a line affixed to his collar. See Gohobd. 
Links o/feiiert. See Sqackbolt, 
Lion. This beast is perhaps the most fre- ] 
quent of all bearings. In very early heraldry \ 
it is generally rampant. 

Lions in their ordinary 
positions, rampant, pas- 
sant, etc., wilt be found 
noticed under those terms. 

Gules, a bicorporate lion gardant, ram- 

\ f pant counter-rampant coward, or, ducally 

crowned azure. John Northampton, 

Lord Mayor </ London, 1381 and 1382. 




LION— LION-DRAGON. 205 

The BBiue coat appears to belong to the name of Com- 
be hton. 

Edmund Crouchback, earl of Lancasterj | 

sometimes bore gules, a tricorporated lion I 

(that is, three lions rampant extending from 
the angles of the shield, and conjoined with 
one head gardant in the fess-point) or, as 
appears by his seal. The same charge, azure 
in a field or, is the eoat of Nashe. 

Demi lion. See Demi. 

Lion of England: a lion passant gardant or, as in the royal 
arms, often home in a canton or otherwise as an augmenta- 
tion. 

Lion, Sea. See LioN-i 

Lion's Jambe. See Jahbe. 

Lion's taii. Sable, three lions' tails erected 
and erased argent. CoaKE, Cornwall. 

LioNCEL. When two or more lions occur 
in the same coat not separated by an ordi- 
nary, they are properly blazoned (except in a royal coat) aa 
lioncels, the dignity of a lion not allowing a competitor in the 
same field''. But this blazon though used by Leigh and GuiUim, 
lell into disuse in later times. 

Azure, six lioncels rampant, 3, 2, 1, or. 
William Lonqesfee, earl of Sanun, natural 
son of Hen. II. (oh. 1226.) These arms are 
slightly varied from those of Amov, the 
ancient inheritance of his father's fiunily, 
which were azure eight lioncels, (or perhaps 
lioncels sans nombre,) or. 

LiON-DRAOON : the foremost half of a lion conjoined to the 
hinder part of a dragon. 

' Two lioni combaUnt are an cicep- striving for the mssler; of the flelil 
tion to Ihii rule, never being lenncd Some henldi reject the dUtinction b«- 
lioDcali, became tJiey u« luppoied to be tween lioul aad lioneeU sitogether. 





206 LION-POISSON— LIZARD. 

L10N-P0188ON9 or Sea-lion : the foremost half of a lion con- 
joined to the tail of a fish. See Sea-hobsb. 

Lionn£. See Lbofard. 

Lis. See Fleur-db-us. 

LisTON : a French term for the escroll, or ribbon containing 
the motto. 

LiTYiT^s skin: a pnre white fur used for lining mantles. 
See White. 

Liveries of servants and retainers should in general be of 
the principal colour and metal of their lords' arms. ''Iff ye 
knowe any lykly men, and ffair condyconed and good archers'' 
says Sir John Fasten, ^' sonde them to me, thowe it be iiij, and 
I wyll have them, and they shall have iv marks by yer, and my 
levere*." 

The liveries adopted by the kings of England have been as 
follows. 

The later Plantagenets, white and red. 

The house of York, murrey and blue. 

The house of Lancaster, white and blue. 

The house of Tudor, white and green. 

The house of Stuart, yellow and red. 

William III. the same; but before his accession, blue and 
orange. 

The house of Hanover, scarlet and blue. Before their 
succession to the English throne they used yellow and 
redf 

Lizard, or Lezard: a beast, somewhat resembling the wild 
cat, found in several countries of 
northern Europe. Its fur is 
brown, with large spots of a 
darker shade. It is the dexter 
supporter of the Skinners' and 
Muscovy merchants' companies, 
as well as the crest of the former. 

• Paston Letters, vol. ii. p. 140. 




LIZARD— LOZENGE. 



207 





The reptile called a lAzard is also used in heraldry. Its 
proper tincture is vert. 

LoBSTER^s claws. 

Argent, two lobster's daws in saltire gules, 
the dexter surmounting the sinister. Tre- 
GARTHicK, Cornwall, and Devon. 

LocHABAR AXE. See Axe. 

Lock of hair. See Icicle. 

Lock. See Fetlock, and Padlock. 

Lockets. See Manacles. 

Lodged: a word equivalent to couchant, 
applied to beasts of chase. 

Azure, (another sable,) a stag lodged 
argent. Downes, Chesh. 

Lolling. See Preying. 

Long, Per. Indented per long is a phrase 
often used by the old writers, implying that 
the indents are much deeper than usual. 
See also Dancett^. 

Long cross. See Cross, Pasnon. 

Lopped, or Snagged. Said of a limb of a tree, oouped in 
such a manner that the transverse section is exposed to view* 

Lou, Loup : the wolf. 

Lowered. See Abased. 

Lozenge. This chaise differs from a fusil in the horizontal 
diameter being at least equal to the sides, which in the fusil 
are longer than the diameter. The arms of spinsters and 
widows are not to be borne upon shields but lozenges. Accord- 
ing to Sir George Mackenzie, Muriel, 
countess of Strathem, bore her arms upon 
a shield, ensigned with a coronet and having 
one supporter, the whole within a lozenge, 
as early as 1284, but the engraving which 
accompanies his work was most assuredly 
not copied from any contemporary au- 
thority. 




208 



LOZENGE— LUTRA. 



Cassyl, or Cals- 




Azure, three lozenges or. Freeman^ Herts. 

Lozenges are sometimes conjoined in the form of ordinaries. 
A fess of lozenges^ or as it is often called a fess lozenge^ should 
begin and end with a half^ otherwise it will be so many 
lozenges conjoined in fess. The same may be said of the cross^ 
bend^ and pale. In all these it is better to mention the number. 
See Fusil. 

Oules, a lozenge flory at the points or. 

HILL. 

Lozenge voided. See Mascle. 

LozENGY : entirely covered with lozenges 
of alternate tinctures. On an ordinary it 
consists of the entire width of one lozenge. 

Lozengy, argent and gules. Fitz- Wil- 
liam^ Northamp,, etc, 

Lozengy^ gules and or. Crome^ Lond. 

Lozengy barry, or Lozengy couped fess- 
wise. See Barry indented, etc. 

Lozengy barry bendy. See Barry bendy. 

Lozengy bendy. See Bendy paly. 

Lozengy masculy. See Masculy. 

Lucy^ or Luce : the fish commonly called a pike. 

^** and many a breroe, and many a luce in stew." chancer'. 

Gules, three lucies haurient, or. Lucy, Hants. 

Lumieres : the eyes. 

Lumfhad. See Lymfhad. 

Luna. See Argent. 

Lure. See Hawk's lure. 

Conjoined in lure: applied to a pair of 
wings with their tips downwards. 

Gules, a pair of wings conjoined in lure 
or. Saint-Maur. 

Lutra : the otter, in French Loutre, and 
Louterel, whence it is borne by the family of 
LutterelL 




Prologue, 352. 




LYBBARDE— MALLARD. 

LvBBA&DE. See Leopabd. 

" Upon his shouldera a scheld of Htele, 
With the Ijbbardes painted wele." 

Lthphad, or GaQey : an aQcient ahip 
with one mast, not unirequent in the 
heraldry of Scothmd. The accompanying 
figure is copied from a Scottish MS., circ. 
1580, in which it is given (sable, in a field 
or) Bs quartered by the earl of Argyll. It 
ia the feudal ensign of the lordship of 
Lorn*. 

Lyon. See Lion. 

Lton King of Arhs. See Kings of Arms. 

Lyoncel. SeeLioNCEL. 

Lrs, See Fleub-oe-lib. 



^ ACLE. See Mascle. 

Maddee-bao. See Bag of Madoeb. 
Magnet, or rather Magnetic 
'' needle. 

£rmine, on a bend azure, a magnetic 
needle pointing to the pole-star or. Fbtty, 
Ireland. 

Maiden head. See Heads. 
Maintenance, Cap qf. See Chapead. 
Majesty, /n Am. Said of an eagle crowned 
and holding a sceptre. 

Malk Grifpin. See Griffin. 
Mallard : a wild drake. 

■ Few chirges vuy more in tbdr fonn Mid furled »«il, with o«l» in iction, witli 

than the Ljmphid, which occurs (and red flags, and even with thwe muta. 

that in olher repreaentationi of Ihe Terf The field of the insignia at the lordship 

enaign aboxe mentiaDed) with a yard of Lorn is commoDl; argent. 




210 MALLET— MANTLE. 

Mallet : a hammer used by masons and i i * ^ 
others. ygmlll^ 

Azure, three mallets or. Fitz-Stefhens. j| 

Oules, a chevron between three mallets or. 
SoAME, Bart. 1684. 

The mallet in the insignia of the Marblers' 
Company (now united to the Masons^) was 
of a different form £rom the above. Others 
are sometimes square. 

Malta, Cross of. See Cross Maltese. 

Knights of Malta. See Knights of S. John. 

Man, Green or Wild. See Savage. 

Parts of men. See Arm, Hand, Head, Heart, Leg. 

Manacles, or Handcuffs. See Shackbolt. 

Manche. See Maunch. 

Mancheron. Used (chiefly by the French) for any kind of 
sleeve. 

Manchet : a small circular cake of bread. See Peel, and 
Wastel, 

Maned, or more frequently Crined, which see. 

Mangonel. See Swefe. 

Mantiger, Montegre, or Manticora: a fictitious animal 
having the body of an heraldic tiger, and the head of an old 
man with long spiral horns. Some heralds make the horns 
more like those of an ox, and the feet like a dragon's. Those 
supporting the arms of the earl of Huntingdon, have no horns 
at all. See also Sattr. 

Mantle, Mantling, or Cappeline. 

'* A mantelet upon his shoulders hanging.** ChancerV 

This is generally understood to represent the lambrequin, or 
covering of the helmet, the jagged fonn which it usually 
takes representing the cuts which it is supposed to have 
sustained in action. In England it is now generally of red 
lined with white, but it should properly consist of the principal 
colour and metal of the bearer^s arms, the latter being con- 

^ The Knightes tale» 2165. 



MANTLE— MA EQU ESS. 21 1 

«idered as cloth of gold, or 

white fur. This kind of maDtle 

cannot be used by ladies, being 

inseparable from the helmet. ' 

The mantle, hoirever, is often I 

taken to be a robe of estate, in 

which sense it may be borne by 

all ranks of gentlemen, and by 

peeresses. Such mantles may 

be of the principal colour and 

metal of the anna, or the ont- 

■ide may be embroidered with 

the arms themselves. Peers 

may appropriately use their 

coronation robes as mantles for 

their arms. 

The military mantle hanga 
from the top of the helmet, and 
cannot be borne apart from it, 
but it seems most proper that 

the robe of estate should include the crest as well as all the 
other external ornaments of the arms. There are a few in* 
staoces of the use of tents for the same purpose. 

The royal mantle, at least since the time of Elizabeth, has 
generally been of cloth of gold, lined with ermine or white. 

No man of lower rank than a knight, should double his 
mantle with ermine. 

Mantle, Blue. See Pdrbuitants. 

Marble-stone. See Stone. 

Marcassin : a young wild boar, distingoished from an old 
one by having its tail hanging down instead of twisted. 

Makine wolp : the seal. 

Marined : a term applied to an; beast having the lower parts 
of a fish. lAon marmed. See Lion foisson. 

Marlet, Marlum, Merlion. See Mabtlet. 

Mabqdesb. The second order in the peerage of England, 



212 MARQUESS— MARSHALLING. 

being below a duke^ but above an earl. The title seems to have 
been originally given to certain officers to whom was committed 
the government of the Marches, or borders of Wales. We find 
the word Marchio used in this sense as early as the reign of 
Henry III. The first marquess in the modem sense of the 
word was Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford, whose elevation for 
life to the marquisate of Dublin by King Richard II. (in the 
year 1386) gave no small ofience to the earls, who were obliged 
to yield him precedence. In Sept. 1397, the same king made 
John Beaufort, earl of Somerset, marquess of Dorset, which 
title was taken from him in the next reign. The House of 
Commons petitioned that it might be restored to him, but the 
earl himself requested that it might not, because it was an 
innovation. From this time no marquesses are mentioned until 
the reign of Edward YI. The oldest existing marquisate is 
that of Winchester, created by that King in 1551. See also 
Coronet. 

Mars. See Gules. 

Marshall, Earl, until 1379 called Lord Marshall. This 
office was anciently granted by the sovereign at pleasure, some- 
times for Ufe, and sometimes durante bene placiio. It was more 
than once made hereditary, but never continued long in one 
line, until King Charles II., in 1672, annexed it to the dukedom 
of Norfolk. 

The insignia of the office (granted by King Richard II.) are 
two gold batons, the ends enamelled black, having engraved 
thereon, the arms of the king at the upper end, and at the 
lower those of the Earl Marshall, who bears the batons in saltire 
behind his shield of arms. When the office is executed by 
deputy, the person performing it sometimes bears one of the 
batons behind his arms in bend dexter. 

Marshalling is the art of arranging several coats of arms 
in one shield, generally for the purpose of denoting the 
alliances of a family. See Achievements, Baronet, Impale, 
and Lozenge. 

Perhaps the earliest way of placing the arms of a husband 




MARSHALLING. 

and vifb was side hy side. Shields thus r 
placed are said to be accolKeg, or in coUate- 
ralposiUon^. Contemporary with this prac- 
tice, but continning much longer, was the 
custom of impaling arms by dimidation, the 
dexter half of the husband's arms being joined to the sinister half 
of the wife's. This was much practised about 
the time of King Edward I. The arms of 
Aylmer de Valence, earl of Pembroke and 
Montgomery, and Mary his wife, daughter 
of Guy de Chastillion, earl of S. Paul in 
France, are to this day borne dimidated 
by the Society of Pehbkoes Hall, Cam- 
bridge, which she founded in 1343. The 
coat of Valence is barry of ten aigent and azure, over all ten 
martlets in orle gules, and that of Chastillion, vair, three 
pallets gules, on a chief or, a label of three points azure^. 

In some cases the husband's arms only were dimidated, the 
wife's being borne entire. Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy, 
is recorded to have home his arms thus dimidated with those of 
bis wife, the heiress of Lodowick, earl of Flanders. In this case, 
as the duke bore four quarters, the second and fourth were con- 
cealed. Dimidation being in such cases as this found incon- 
venient, was at length exchanged for impaling the coats entire, 
though bordnres, treasures, and orlea are still omitted on the 
side next the hue of impalement. 

As an instance of impaling we give the arms of ' Sbgbave 

and his wife, daughter of Bootb- 

TOKT, from Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire, 
viz. sable, a lion rampant argent crowned 
or ; and or, a saltire engrailed sable. 

In a few early instances, in which the 
wife was of a more noble family or of higher 

■> The inugnia of some Engliih 
towns at insUncea of dimidation, pir- 
tienlarly those of the cit; of Chester, 



214 MARSHALLING. 

rank than the husband, her arms were placed upon the dexter 
side. John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, bore the arms of his 
second wife Constance, eldest daughter and coheir of Peter, 
King of Castile and Leon, in this manner upon his seal, and 
also upon his surcoat, which till the great fire remained in 
S. FauFs Cathedral, London. It may here be proper to notice 
that the arms of a wife should not in general be borne upon 
any banner, surcoat, or official seal, but that John of Graunt 
bore his arms as above mentioned because he was in right of his 
wife, titular King of Castile and Leon. 

When the wife is an heiress (even in expectation) it is now 
customary for the husband to bear her arms upon an escutcheon 
of pretence, though heraldic writers in general are of opinion, 
that until the husband has issue by the 
heiress, and until the death of her father, 
he should impale her arms, because until 
then he cannot transmit her inheritance to 
his posterity^ An escutcheon of pretence, 
may, it is said, be borne even in the field of 
battle. When the fashion of bearing them 
began does not clearly appear, but it is cer- 
tain that in ages not very remote husbands generally impaled 
the arms of their consorts whether heiresses or not. Sometimes 
indeed a husband quartered the arms of his wife, being an heiress, 
especially if he enjoyed any honour in her right, in which case 
he generally placed her arms before his own. 

Many modern heralds condemn the practice of a knight im- 
paling the arms of his wife within the garter or collar of his 
order, but, as the honour is to a certain extent participated by 
the wife, and as there are many precedents for so doing, there 

which are England^ impaled with the Oxford Arch. Society's Guide, p. 178. 

arms of Randolph de Meschines, earl The date is prohably 1830. 

of Chester, viz. azure, three garbs or, 1 An escutcheon surtout does not 

two and one ; both dimidated. See also always contain the arms of a wife, as 

the arms of Harcourt and Beke thus im- may be seen by the arms of Will. III. 

paled upon a brass at Stanton Harcourt and George III. p. 26. 

Church, Oxfordshire, engraved in the 




MARSHALLING. 



215 



does not seem to be any valid objection to it, except in a few 
cases, such as a king's arms upon the coin of the realm, or an 
official seal. The widow of a knight, though she continaes to 
impale the arms of her deceased husband in a lozenge, must of 
course relinquish his insignia of knighthood. 

When a man marries a second wife, he shonld certainly cease 
to impale the arms of the first. Some however have thought 
proper to impale both, which may be done in two ways, as shewn 
in the annexed cuts (fig. 1. 2.), the bend shewing the position of 




the man's arms, and the numerals those of his wives. The 
other figures shew how the arms of three, five, and seven wives 
have been borne. 

When a widow marries a second time, her huabimd impales 
her paternal arms only. 

Arms may be quartered"' for several reasons, which must each 
be noticed. First, a sovereign quarters the 
ensigns of his several states, generally giving 1 
the precedence to the most ancient, unless 
it be inferior to some other in importance". 
The first English monarch who bore quartered 
arms was Edward III., his mother, in whose 
right he claimed the crown of France, being 
daughter and heiress (^ Philip the Fair. (See Arms, Boyal, 
Edw. III.) An elected king generally places his heredi- 
tary arms upon an iuescntchcon over the insignia of his do- 



°> QuuteringB an to be counted hori- 
lontklly. beginning at the desler chiell 

■ The cut represent! the arms of a 
kipg of Spuu, as given in MS. K. tS. 
(p. S49.) ttu. ColL Oion., viz. argent, a 
lion rampant sable, (Leon) quartering 



gules, s GBstte triple lowered or, (Cai- 
TILE.) The latter waa ilnioat invariably 
placed first, (as on p. IS,) but a ihield 
similar to the above once eiiatcd in 
stained glaia at Dorcliester Chuceh, 
Oxfordsliirc. 



216 MARSHALLING. 

minions. Thus did William Prince of Orange^ when raised to 
the throne of Great Britain. (See Arms, Royal, Will. III.) 

Feudal arms (see Arms, III.) are sometimes quartered by 
subjects, as arms of dominion are by princes. Their arrange* 
ment cannot be reduced to any particular rule, being a point 
left to the determination of the heralds. 

Another cause for quartering arms is the grant of an 
augmentation, which is sometimes so borne. The arrangement 
of course depends upon the tenor of the grant. 

But the most common reason for quartering is to shew what 
heiresses have married into the family. The practice of bearing 
quartered arms was introduced into this country in the reign of 
King Edward III., who himself set the example °. The first 
subject who is recorded to have quartered his arm^ is John 
Hastings, earl of Pembroke, who married King Edward^s 
youngest daughter Margaret, and died 1375. Their arms, as 
blazoned upon the north side of the king's tomb at West- 
minster, are as follows, 1 and 4, or, a maunch gules, Hastings. 
2 and 8, barry of twelve, argent and azure, over all eight mart- 
lets in orle gules. Valence, impaling 1 and 4 France ancient, 
2 and 3 England, being the arms of his wife. 

The manner in which quarterings are acquired is shewn in 
the two plates annexed, which were copied from a pedigree of 
the Willoughby family drawn up in the reign of Queen 
Elizabeth. 

I. Sir Philip Marmion, Knt, nat. circa temp. R. Jo. = Joan, d. and coh. of Sir 
Hugh, Baron of Kilpeck. 

Sir P. M. bore the paternal arms alone, viz. vair, a fess gules, fretty argent The 
arms of his wife (which, according to modern practice, would be borne upon an 
escutcheon of pretence) were sable, a sword in pale, point downward, argent, hilt and 
pomel or. The lady being an heiress, this coat descended to her children. 

II. Joan, d. and coh. = Sir Alex. Frevile, Knt. 

The arms of Sir A. F. were or, a cross patonce gules. His wife being a coheiress 
of the families of Marmion and Kilpeck, bore their arms quarterly. 

<> One earlier instance occurs, namely, and her tomb are the first instances of 

that of Eleanour, queen of Edward I., quartered arms in this country. She 

whose arms (Castile and Leon quarterly) died 1296. 
as sculptured upon her beautiful crosses 



illSKiSHA.llimiC 



(lAiBSiHAiiJl^J-r. 




tAjTRESURE ET TENIR:, 



I 



t 



MARSHALLING. 217 

IIL Sir Baldwin Frevile, Knt s. and h. =s Maude, d. of . . . . Dbvb&eux. 

He inherited the arms of Freyilefrom his father, and those of MarmioH and Kilpeek 
from his motiier. As his wife was not an heiress, the coat of Devereux (argent, a fesa 
gules, in chief three torteaux) was impaled by him during her lifetime only, after 
which the family of Fievile had nothing further to do with it 

IV. Sir Baldwin Frevile, Knt, Baron of Henley in Arden, a. and h. = Eliza- 
beth, d. and coh. of John de Mountforte, Baron of Beaudesert 

The quarters belonging to this Sir B. F. were the same as those borne by his 
father, without any addition. His wife (whose pedigree is giren below) inherited the 
arms of Motmtforte, (bendy of ten, or and azure,) De la Plaunche, (argent, billett^ 
sable, a lion rampant of the last, crowned or,) and Haotrsham (azure, a fess between 
six cross crosslets argent) 

y. Sir Baldwin Fretilb, Knt, Lord of Henley in Arden, s. and h. = • . . . d. of 
. . . Lord Strange. 

This Sir B. F. was entitled by inheritance to the foUowing quarters — FrevUe, MoT" 
mioHf Xilpeck, Mountfortet De la Plamche, and Haoereham, His wife's arms (argent^ 
two lions passant gules, armed and langued azure) were borne in the same manner 
as those of Deyereux, (vide III. sup.) 

YI. Sir Baldwin Frevile, Knt, Lord of Henley in Arden, s. and h. = Joice, 
d. and coh. of John, Lord Buttetourt, of Welley Castle. 

His mother not being an heiress, he bore his f&ther's quarters without any addi- 
tion. His lady (whose descent is given below) inherited the arms of Buttetourt, (or, a 
saltire engrailed sable,) Dudley, (alias Somerie, or, two lions passant azure, armed and 
langued gules,) and De la Zoueh, (gules, ten bezants, 4, d, 2, 1,) which descended to 
her posterity. 

VII. Margaret, d. and ooh. = Sir Hugh Willoughbt, of Willoughby on the 
Wold, Knt. 

Sir H. W. bore the paternal arms (or, on two bars gules, three water-bougets 
argent) alone. His lady inherited Frevile, Marmion, Kilpeck, Mountforte, De la 
Pknmehe, Havereham, Buttetourt, Dudley, and De la Zoueh, 

VIIT. Richard Willoughby, Esq. s. and h. ob. s. p. 1471. 

He bore the arms of WiUoughby, followed by the quarters which he inherited from 
his mother. His arms, as represented in the plate, afford an example of the atchieve- 
ment of an esquire complete, viz. shield, helmet, manUe, crest, and motto. 

Detcemt rfEUataibeth de Mountforte, ehewmg her right to the arwu t^Mamutforte, 

De la Plaunche, and Haveraham, 

Peter de Mountforte,=. . . d. of . . . Sir James De= Maude, d. and 



Baron of Beaudesert, 
(grandson and h. of 
Peter who was slain 
at Evesham, 1261.) 



Lord De la Mare. la Plaunche, 

Knt 



h. of Sir Nich. 
de Haversham. 



I 1 



John de Mountforte,=Alice, sister and Sir William. 

Lord of Beaudesert eventually h. to 

Will. De U 
Plaunche. 

Sir Baldwin Frevile=j=£lizabeth de Mountforte, 
Knt (Na IV. supra.) I second d. and coh. 

pf 



218 



MARSHALLING— MARTLET. 



Dttcent ofJoice Buttetourt, fhewwg her right to the armi qf Butietouri, Dudley, 

and De la Zouehe, 

Sir Tho. (or John?) Battetourt,^Johane, aister and coh. of John, 
Knt Baron of Welley. I Baron Dudley, aliaa SomeiL 



John Buttetourt^ Baron=Joioe, d. of Will. De la Zouehe, 
of Welley. aunt and h. to Hugh De la 

Zouch, of the Castle Richard. 

Sir Baldwin ==Joice Buttetourt» d. and coh. 

Frevile, Knt. 

(No. VI. supu) 

When a person is entitled to an odd number of coats^ he usu- 
ally fills up in the last quarter by repeating the first. The royal 
arms brought into any family by an heiress^ are usually placed in 
the second quarter^ indeed some heralds assign them the first i^. 
If a man marries two or more heiresses successively, the arms 
of each will descend only to her own children. 

It is not uncommon, to avoid confusion by marshalling too 
great a number of coats in one escutcheon, to select a few of 
the principal, leaving out, for example, the secondary quarters 
brought in by heiresses. Many families entitled to a hundred 
or more quarters use but four, and even this is condemned by 
some heralds as destructive of the simplicity by which arms 
should ever be characterized 4. 

In conclusion, it may be proper to observe, that quartered 
arms may be borne on banners, surcoats, and ofiicial seals, just 
as single coats are. 
MarteL: a kind of hammer. See Hammer. 

Martlet : a bird resem- 
bling a swallow, with thighs 
but no visible legs. It is 
a very common bearing, as 
well as the difference of the 
fourth son. 
Sable, a martlet argent. Munny. 
Gules, a fess between six martlets or. Beauchampe, Glouc, 

P a recent work, " Royal Descents, by the royal houses of England. 

0. £. Long, M.A.,*' contains the names ^ There is an escutcheon containing 

of more than three hundred living persons 334 quarters in the hall at Fawsley, 

who are entitled to quarter the arms of Northamptonshire. 






MASCALLY— MATCH. 219 

Mascally. See Mascdlt. 

Mascle: a loseoge-ahaped figure voided. Masclea were 
(Higinally lioks which composed chain 
armour. 

GuIeSj three masclea or. Andrew. 

Sable, three mascles argent. Whitacke, 
Yarhh. 

Gules, seven mascles conjoined, 8, S, 1, 
or. Db QriNCY, E. of Winton. 

Crosses and other ordinaries may be 
formed of mascles as of fuails and lozenges. (See FtrstL.) A 

fesa matete, or rather of tnatclea, should 

begin and end with a half, otherwise it will 
be so many maacUa confomed in feu. 

M AsccLT : covered with mascles either 
conjoined at their angles, or on all their 
sides. The former may be distingnished as 
lozengy mcuculy', being a pattern formed of 
lozenges and mascles alternately. The latter 

shonld be called matculy and 

eouaterchanffed. One row of either of these 
patterns placed lozengewise is sufficient for 
an ordinary. 

Masculy, argent and gules counter- 
changed. PooEis, Bucks. 

Ma$ady aowtf. See Nowv. 

Masoned: a term used to describe the 
lines formed by the junction of the stones in 
a building. 

Argent, masoned sable, a chief embattled 
of the last. Rxynell, Devon. 

This should perhaps rather be blazoned 
sable, an embattled wall throughout ai^nt, 
masoned of the first. Others of the name 
bear the chief indented, and plain. 

Match. The match formerly used for the discharge of fire- 

' Another bluon is argeni wuuculji table. 




220 



MATCH— MERCHANTS* MARKS. 







arms is borne by Seet^ Hants^ etc., whose 
arms are argent, a fess gnles 
between two matches sable, 
kindled proper. 
Matchlock. 

Argent, a chevron between three matchlocks' 
sable. Leyebsege. 
Maunch: an ancient sleeve, sometimes 
called manch mal tailUe. 

** A lady's sleeve high sprighted Hastyngs bore." 

DmTto&t. 

Argent, a maunch sable. 
Hastings, Leic.y etc. 

Azure, a maunch or. 
CoNTBBs, Northamp.y etc 

Or, a maunch gules. Hastings, O^ordsh., 
etc. 

Oules, a maunch ermine, with a hand 
proper, holding a fleur-de*lis or. Mohun, 
E. of Somerset. 
Measuring yard. See Yard measure. 
Meir6, or MeirrS. See Potent. 
Melting pot. See Furnace. 

Membred refers to the legs of birds, as a crane argent, 
beaked and membered gules. 

Menu vair, that is, small vair: a word used by French 
heralds when vair consists of six or more rows, a distinction not 
recognised in this country. Miniver is the plain white fur with 
which robes are often lined. 
Merchants' marks^. 

' Sometimes bilUheadSi and sometimes 
plough-shares. It is exceedingly doubt- 
ful which is the original bearing. 

* Baron's War, i. 22. 

" It should here be observed that this 
term is too narrow in its import, as marks 
of the hind so termed were used not only 
by merchants* but by ecclesiastics, (see 
the mark of Thomas Oore, parson of 



Islington, imder Letters,) and many 
other persons of respectability not en- 
titled to arms. In times when the lack 
of a coat of arms was not considered (as 
it is by some persons in the present day) 
a disgrace, the merchant looked upon his 
mark with as much satisfaction as the 
baron did upon his lion rampant 



MERCHANTS' MARKS. 221 

** Wyde wyndowes ... 

** Shynen with shapen sheldes . . . 

*^ With merkes of merchants ymediled betwene.'* 

Viiion of Fiera Flowmaii'. 

" The honour" (says Favine) " of bearing shields, that is to 
say, armes, belongeth to none but noblemen by extraction, or 
by calling or creation. And it is not yet an 100 years'' (he 
wrote about 1615) " since such as were not of noble condition 
were punished with great fines and amercements if they but 
attempted to bear any. It was permitted to them to have only 
markes or notes of those trades and professions which they used : 
as a tailor to have his sheares, a cutler a knife, a shearman his 
doth-sheares, a mason his trowell and the compasse or squire, 
and so of other. Merchants (for their more honour) might 
beare the first letters of their names and surnames enterlaced 
with a crosse : as is to be scene in many ancient epitaphes, and 
as yet to this day, upon their packes or burthens of merchan- 
dises. All these were called but markes : they were not per- 
mitted to have shields but only targets, hollow at the chiefe 
and flankes, like them which are given to villages at the feast 
of the saint their patron, to manifest that they were not 
shields^ 

Notwithstanding these regulations, merchants and others, at 
least in this country, commonly bore their marks in shields, as 
monumental brasses and the devices of many of our early 
printers testify. Although this practice firequently excited the 
displeasure of the heralds, instances occur of marks even 
impaled or quartered with arms, as in the case of John Halle 
mentioned hereafter. Merchants sometimes bore the insignia 
of their companies upon a chief above their marks. 

Merchants' marks very frequently consist of a cross and a 
figure resembling the Arabic numeral 4 turned backwards, 
which, it has been conjectured, represents the mast and yard 
of a ship*. This is generally accompanied by the initials 

* 1550, SO. ■ If this" conjecture be well founded, 

7 Theater of Honour, p. 16. why did the early printers so often use 



222 



MERCHANTS' MARKS. 





of the bearer's name^ often interlaced with some geometrical 
figure. 

The first figure represents the mark of 
John Halle^ of Salisbury^ merchant of the 
staple^ (whence the staple which forms a 
portion of his mark^) in the reigns of Henry 
VI. and Edward IV. Having likewise a 
coat of arms, (argent on a chevron' sable, 
between three columbines^ blue stalked 
vert, an estoile or,) he sometimes impaled 
that and his mark (argent in a field sable) 
together, as in the hall of his house at Salis- 
bury^» 

Fig. 2. is a merchant's mark from stained 
glass in S. Michael's Church, Oxford**. The 
letters may possibly signify Thomas R . . . . 
Merchant of Oxford. Prom the white roses 
(barbed and seeded or) we may infer that he 
was attached to the house of York. 

Fig. 8. represents the mark of Thomas 
Pownder, merchant and bailiflF of Ipswich, 
upon his sepulchral brass in the chancel 
of S. Mary Key in that town, 1525*. 

Merchants' marks are, as might be ex- 
pected, most firequent in ancient commercial 
towns, and in the sea coast counties opposite to the continent. 





the figure ? See the Rebub of R. Graf- 
ton. It is much more likely that the 
triangle symbolizes the doctrine of the 
Holy Trinity, as the cross does that of 
the atonement 

• In allusion to his name. 

I* A badge of the house of Lancaster. 

* Duke, Prolusiones Historicae, etc., p. 
41. This is probably as early an instance 
of a merchant's mark as any that could 
be quoted. This assertion is of course 
not intended to convey the idea that 
merchants did not use certain marks to 



distinguish their packages forages before, 
but the above is believed to be an early 
instance of the use of such marks in lieu 
of arms. 

' Brought, it is believed, from some 
other building in Oxford, but from what 
building does not certainly appear. 

* Sixteen others are engraved in the 
Cambridge Camden Society's Monu- 
mental Brasses, (p. 51.) See also two 
curious examples of marks (temp. Hen. 
VII.) at Amesbury church, Wilts. 
Arch. Journal, ii. 194. 



MERCHANTS' MARKS— MITRE. 228 

Several occur in the church of Hitching Herts^ a town once 
celebrated for its trade in wool. 

Me&cubt. See Purpure. 

Meridian. See Sphere. 

Merillion : an instrument used by hat- J i 1 ( 



H^ 



band-makers^ and borne by their Company. 1 ' — I p 

Merlion^ Merlet, Merleiie. See Martlet. 

Mermaid: an imaginary creature composed of the upper 
half of a woman (with dishevelled hair) joined to the lower half 
of a fish. 

Argent, a mermaid gules, crined or, holding a mirror in her 
right hand, and a comb in her left, both gold. Ellis, Lane. 

Mertlbt. See Martlet. 

Mbsi^ : mingled. Used by a few old writers in describing a field 
of metal and colour in equal proportions, as gyronny, paly, &;c. 

Metals. The metals employed in heraldry are two, or and 
argent, that is to say gold and silver. 

Mew, Sea. See Sea-mew. 

Michael, (S.) and S. Oeorge, Order of. See Knights, 
Michael, &, etc. 

Middle bass point, and 

Middle chief point. See Points. 

Mill, SUk-throwert^. See Silk-throwers' mill. 

Mill-inkb, or Mill-rind. See Fer de moulin. 

Mill-pick : a tool used by millwrights. 

Sable, a chevron between three mill-picks 
argent. Moselet, Moseley, Staff. 

Mill-stone. Oenerally borne 
with the mill-rind upon it. 

Azure, three mill-stones argent, on each a mill- 
rind sable. Milveton, Chesh. 
Miniver. See under Menu yair. 

Mirror : a small circular looking-glass with a handle. See 
Mermaid. 

Mitre : one of the principal insignia of the episcopal office, 
although not belonging to it exclusively. Bishops had formerly 





224 MITRB. 

three different mitres, which are described in the Roman Cere- 

momal, in the words following : — 

** Mitre usus antiquissimus est, et ejus triplex est species : una, qas pre- 
tiosa dicitur, quia gemmis et lapidibus pretioeisy vel laminis aureis ?el argenteis 
contexta esse solet ; altera^ auriphiygiata, sine gemmis, et sine laminis aureis 
vel argenteis, sed vel aliquibus parvis margaritis composita, vel ex serico albo 
auro intermisto, vel ex tela aarea simplici, sine laminis et margaritis ; tertia, 
qu» simplex vocatur, sine auro, simplici serico Damascene, rel alio, aut etiam 
tinea, ex tela alba confecta, rubeis laciniis, sea frangiis, et Tittis pendentibus'." 

The privilege of wearing a mitre was first conceded to abbats 
and priors about the eleventh century. Soon afterwards it was 
decreed that mitred abbats exempt firom episcopal jurisdiction 
should wear the second mitre mentioned above, the third being 
assigned to non-exempt abbats and priors. These rules do not 
appear to have ever been very strictly observed or enforced. 

Though the use of the mitre as a part of the episcopal 
costume has become obsolete in the Anglican Church, its pre- 
lates continue to bear it above their arms. The mitres of the 
two archbishops, and the bishop of Durham, are usually encircled 
with ducal coronets, which however is, at least in the two former 
cases, a practice of late origin, and without authority. The 
bishop of Durham might (until lately) with propriety enjoy this 
mark of temporal dignity, as he was count palatine of Durham, 
and earl of Sedburgh^. In a roll of arms of the peers of Eng- 
land in 1615, this prelate's mitre is the only one coroneted; it 
is also in that, and several earlier examples, distinguished by 
a plume of ostrich feathers (4 and 8) ^^ 

issuing from the sinister side, possibly 
intended for the plume of a helmet placed 
behind it. 

The annexed figure of a mitre is taken 
from the roll above mentioned. The 
abbats' mitres drawn in that document 

' Csremoniale Epitoopomm. Ronu and the banner of Anthony Bee, another 

1606. 40. lib. i. cap. 17. prelate of the see, was in 1300 carried at 

I The seal of Thomas Hatfield, bp. the siege of CarUverock. It contained 

of Durbun, (1845,) has a helmet (like his paternal arms only, 
an esquire's) and erest above the mitre ; 




MITRE— MOILE. 225 

are precisely similar in fornix but differ in the colour of the en- 
closed triangular spaces'*. Earlier mitres were generally lower : 
in later times they have usually been represented much higher 
and more acutely pointed. 

A list of the mitred abbats and priors of England will be 
found in the Appendix. 

As charges, mitres occur in the insignia of several English 
sees and abbeys. 

Gules, three mitres* or. See qf Chester. 

Azure, three mitres or. See <2f Norwich. 

Preyious to the introduction of the practice of bishops im- 
paling the insignia of their sees, they often differenced their 
paternal arms by the addition of mitres or other official insignia 
within the shield. Thus William Courtenay, archbishop of 
Canterbury, 1381, differenced the hereditary coat of his family 
(or, three torteaux) with a label of three points azure, charged 
with a like number of mitres gold. Thomas de Beckington, 
bishop of Bath and Wells, 1443, bore argent, on a fess azure, a 
mitre or; in chief three bucks' heads caboshed gules; in base 
as many pheons sable. 

The only fiunily (it is believed) that bears mitres is that of My- 
TERTON of Newcastle : azure, three mitres or. Berkeley (Earl 
Berkeley) bears for a crest a mitre gules, labelled and garnished 
or, charged with a chevron between ten crosses patt^ argent, 
being his arms. This crest should not stand upon any wreath. 

MiTRY. The word occurs in blazoning a bordure charged 
with eight mitres. 

MoiLE : a provincial word signifying an ox without horns. 
It occurs only in the arms of Moile of CamwcUl, (gules, a moile 
passant argent,) in which it is generally, though in all proba* 
bility erroneously, drawn as a mule. 

^ The bishops* mitres in this MS. differ only in having the enclosed spaces 

(which has been published by Mr. aroand the quatrefoils white, as if studded 

Willement) are yellow, (for gold,) the with pearls. 

inaides and labels purple, the latter i Some say 'with labels,' but as a 

fringed of the first : the gems are red and mitre is not complete without labels, this 

blue alternately. The abbats' mitres is quite unnecessary. 



226 



MOLE— MOSSU. 




MoLB^ or Motet, See Mullet. 

Mole-hill. See Hill. 

MoLiNE Cross. See Cross moline, 

MoLLET. See Mullet. 

MoNTEGRE. See Man-tiger. 

Moon. See Crescent. The moon is occasionally borne in 
her complement, often figured^ i. e. with a human face. It may 
also be illuminated^ that is, surrounded with very short rays. Its 
proper colour is argent. When sable it is said to be eclipsed. 

MooR-cocK. This bird is borne by several 
families named Moore, Highmore, etc., in 
allusion to their names. 

Argent, a moor-cock proper. Moore, 
Bart. 1627. 

MooR^s HEAD. See Heads. 

Mooted (or MotUted) up by the roots: 
eradicated. 

Morion : a steel cap anciently worn by 
foot soldiers. 

Argent, a chevron gules between three 
morions proper. Brudenell, Earl of 
Cardigan, 

In many ancient examples, the points 
of these morions are turned to the dexter. 
A somewhat different morion forms part 
of the crest of Cecil, marquess of Salisbury. 

Mortar. The piece of ordnance so called, as well as the 
mortar of apothecaries, (generally with the pestle,) are both 
occasionally used as heraldic charges. a 

Mortcour: a candlestick used at fune- 
rals. It occurs in the insignia of the Com- 
pany of Wax-Chandlers. 

Moses. See Heads. 

Mossu, or Moussue: rounded at the ex- 
tremities, as the cross mossu, a French 
bearing. 






MOTTO. 227 

Motto : a word or sentence upon a scroll, generally placed 
below the shield^ but sometimes^ especially in Scotland, above 
it. It should never be inscribed (as it too often is) upon a 
garter or circle, nor should it accompany the arms of any 
woman except the sovereign. 

Many ancient mottos were war cries. Such it is probable 
were the following : — 

Courage sans peur. Gage, Viscount Gage, 

Butler a boo^. Butleb. 

Crom a boo (I will bum.) Fitzgerald, Duke of 
Leinster, 

Forward. Douglas, Duke of Queensbury^ 

Frappez fort. Wodehousb. 
Many mottos refer to the name of the bearer, as 

Bonne et belle assez. Belasyse, Viscount Fentconierg. 

Cavendo tutus. Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire. 

E sacro puteo. Halliwell. 

Fare, fac. Fairfax. 

Crede Biron*. Byron. 

Do no yll, quoth Doyle. D'oyley, Norfolk. 

Payme ^ jamais* James. 

Ille vivit qui bene. Bayne. 

Let Curzon holde what Curzon helde. Curzon. 

Manus justa nardus. Maynard. 

Ne vile fano. Used by Fane, Earl of Westmoreland, 
who quarters the coat of Neville. 

Per se valens. Perceval. 

Pie repone te. Pierreponte, Earl Manvers. 

Scuto amoris divini. Scudamore. 

Strike Dakyns, the Devil's in the hempe. Dakyns, 
Derbyshire, 

Time Deum, cole regem. Coleridge. 

Yigila et ora. Wake. 

^ See the chronological table, 1495. the motto Crede BerontL Mr. Lower 

^ The leal of Sir John de Byron, ap- says this is " perhaps the very earliest 
pended to a deed dated 21* Edw. I. has instance of a motto any where." 



228 MOTTO. 

The following is more recondite : — 

Sarissam fero placide. Phelps, or Phillips. 
In order to understand this it is necessary to know that the 
crest is an arm holding a broken spear, and that Sapiaa-a was 
a lance or pike used by the Macedonians. The allusion is to 
Philip king of Macedon. 

They are frequently alliteratiTC : — 

Sero sed serio. Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury. 
Time trieth troth. Trevbltan, Bart, 
.Un roy, une foy, une loy. De Buroh, Earl of Clanri- 
carde. 
Some have reference to a charge in the arms to which they 
are annexed, or to the crest above it : — 

Soyes si^ et simple. Spry. Crest: on a wreath a 

serpent nowed, thereon a dove. 
Sub cruoe Candida. Perceval. Arms: argent, on a 
chief indented gules, three crosses patt^ of the field. 
But the generality of mottos express a sentiment, hope, or 
determination. Such are the following : — 
Dum spiro spero. Dillon. 
Garde la foy. Cox, Povlet, Rich, etc. 
Humanitate. Curlock. 
Injuriarum oblitus. Holland. 
Spero meliora. Cort. 
Toujours prest. Carmichael. 
Mottos are often borne by several successive generations, 
but may be changed at pleasure. The languages most in use 
are Latin, French, and English. In Scotland they are often in 
the old dialect of that country, and in Wales, in the language 
of the principality. The character in which they are written is 
a matter of taste. Greek mottos are not common. ITXeoi^ 
fffiurv TravTo^ (Hesiod. Opera et dies, 40.) was that of Sir Robert 
HiLDYARD, Bart. 1660. A few peers use Italian mottos, and 
some recent ones are even in Oriental languages. 

The present royal motto, dieu et hon droit, was certainly 
used as early as the reign of Henry- YI. It was probably a war cry 



MOTTO— MOUSSUE. 



229 



long before^ as King Richard I. is recorded to have said^ " Not 
we^ but God and our right have vanquished France at 
Gisors"/' 

Moulin^ Fer de. See Fer db Moulin. 

Moulin E Cross. See Cross^ moline. 

Moulted. See Mooted. 

MouND^ or Mound royal: an orb surmounted by a cross, 
generally pattee. It is said to have been first used by the 
Emperor Justinian, and to have been introduced into England 
by King Edward the Confessor, upon whose seal it appears as a 
plain orb, but without the cross, which is first seen on the seal 
of William the Conqueror. The ball signifies extensive, or 
perhaps universal empire, and the cross the ascendancy of 
Christianity. 

** And when you see this orb set under the cross, 
remember that the whole world is subject to the 
power and empire of Christ our Bedeemer." 

Coronation 0flle«. 

Or, a mound sable, encircled gules, en- 
signed with a cross avellane of the last. 
Chawlas. 

Mount in base : the entire base of the 
shield occupied by ground slightly raised 
and covered with grass. 

Argent, on a mount in base an 
oak tree fructed, all proper. Wood, 
Devon, 

Mount mounted: a large mount with a 
smaller one upon it. 

Mountain cat. See Cat-a-mountain. 

Mounting : a term equivalent to rampant, applied to beasts 
of chase, and sometimes to reptiles. 

Mourned: blunted. 

Mouse, Rere, See Rere-mouse. 

MoussuE. See Mossu. 

" a town of Normandy. 





230 



MULLET— MUSIMON. 





Mullet. This bearing generally represents the rowel of a 
spur^ (Fr. molette.) It usually has five 
points, (which number is ever to be under- 
stood when no other is mentioned,) and is 
frequently pierced. When mullets are 
associated with crescents or other heavenly 
bodies, they doubtless represent stars. 
A mullet is the distinction of the third 
house. 

Or, a mullet sable. Ashton, Chesh, 

Argent, a mullet pierced gules. Harpden. 

Quarterly gules and or, in 

VV I the first quarter a mullet 

argent. Verb, Earl of Ox* 
ford\ 

Or, a fess, and in chief two 
mullets of six points pierced 
gules. Hastynges, Oxfordsh. 

Argent, on a chief gules, two mullets of 
eleven points or, pierced vert, are the arms of 
John de Saint John, as represented in stained 
glass at Dorchester, Oxfordshire. 

Mullet : the fish so called. Azure, three 
mullets haurient argent, are the arms of Waye, or We ye, Dorset^ 

Muraill^ : walled : that is, masoned and embattled. 

Mural crown. See Crown. 

Murrey. See Sanguine. 

Muschetor: said to be an ermine spot without the three 
specks usually placed at its upper end. 

Music-BARs, or Musical lines: five parallel lines extending 
across the shield horizontally. They occur in a very absurd 
coat of arms granted in 1760, to a family named Tetlow. 

MusiMON : a fictitious animal mentioned by Guillim and 
others. It nearly resembles a ram, but has, besides the horns 
belonging to that beast, a pair of goat's horns. 

n For the legendary origin of thii coat, see the chronological table, A.D. 1098. 




MUSION— NEBULY. 231 

Musion: an old heraldic name for a cat. It is used by 
Bossewell. 





AIANT: swimming; applied to a fish borne hori- 
l\ zontally. 

Nail. See also Wedge. 
Closinff-naiL A part of the insignia of the Glazier's 
Company. Its head is sometimes represented square. 

Passiofi-nttiL This is generally drawn square 
and with a pyramidical head. Piles when borne 
three together (especially if gules) probably re- 
present the same thing. 

Nailed. See Lattised. 

Naissant : issuing from the middle of an ordinary. Issuant, 
a term with which naissant has often 
been confounded, should be restricted to 
charges which rise from the upper line of a 
fess or bar, or the lower line of a chief. 

Or, a demi lion rampant gules, naissant 
from a fess sable. Sir Henry Eame, or 
EsME, E. G. temp. Edw. III. 

Narcissus: the heraldic flower so trailed resembles the 
cinquefoil except that it has one more leaf. 

Gules, three narcissuses pierced argent. Lambert, Earl 
Cavan, 

Nascent. See Naissant. 

Natant. See Naiant. 

Naval crown. See Crown. 

Navel point. See Points. 

Nayant. See Naiant, and Naissant. 

Nebuly : a line of division, which being intended to repre- 




232 NEBULY— NOWYED. 



sent clouds^ is rarely used otherwise than r _ 
horizontally. 1^-^ IS _iS\ 

Barry nebuly of six, or and gules. u_j Lj ( .' ^ ./ 
DoLSEBT^ Lond. ^ 

Bany nebuly of six, or and sable. VTTTJT^ 
Blount, Bart., 1642. 

Or, three bars nebuly gules. Lovell. 

Needle. See Magnet. 

Newb. See Nowed. 

Nippers, Glazier^s. See Gbateb. 

Nisl£. See Nyll£. 

Nobility. In its widest and only legitimate acceptation, 
this term includes the greater nobility, viz. the sorereign and 
royal family, the dukes, marquesses, earls, viscounts, and barons, 
and the lesser nobility, commonly called the gentry, which con- 
sists of baronets, knights, esquires, and untitled gentlemen, all 
of whom are further noticed under the names of their respective 
dignities. 

NoMBRiL POINT, See Points. 

NOBROY kino of ARMS. ScC KiNGS OF ARMS. 

Noui. See Nowed, and Nowy. 

Nova Scotia, Baronets of. See Baronets. 

Nowed : twisted or knotted : applied chiefly to serpents and 
the tails of lions. The garter also is sometimes said to be nowed 
and buckled. See Serpent. 

NowY implies a projection in the middle of a cross or other 
ordinary. Without any addition it implies a circular pro- 
jection. 

Notpy hzengy signifies that the projection . « 

is diamond shaped. j \^ 

Nowy nuuctUy. The same lozenge-pierced . f ^ ^ isQ> ; 

Nowy quadrat implies a square projection, ^^ ^^ 
See Cross potent, nowy quadrat. ^ ^ 

NowYED signifies that the projection is not in the centre of a 
cross, but in each of its limbs. 

Double Tunffyed, applied to a fess, pale, or bend, means that it 



NOWYED— ORB. 233 

has two semicircular projections on each side, opposite to eacli 
other. 

Ntll£, or NisU. The cross njrilee is, according to most 
heralds, nothing but a ver; slender cross moline. The word 
seems to be derived from the French aniUe, a miU-rind. 



IN sketches this letter stands for or. 
Oak, Royal, See Knights, Royal oak, 
Oge : a French term, used by a few English 
writers, for water-bouget. 

Ogles : the eyes. 

OoRESs. See Pellet. 

Olive, GultS (f . See GuTife. 

Ohbb£. See Advubration, 

ONDfi. See Wavy. 

Onset. See Downsett. 

Ofinicus : a fictitious beast compounded of the fore parts of 
a dragon, the hinder parts of a lion, and 
the tail of a camel. Such a monster 
with wings endorsed or, was the crest 
of the Company of Barber- Surgeons of 
London. Two opinici vert, beaked sable, 
wings gules, support the insignia of the 
Plasterers' Company. 

It is said that the opinicus may be borne sans wings. 

Opprsssino, as a fess oppressing a lion. This should rather 
be blawned a lion attrmounied, or debntued by a fess. 

Or: gold, called Sol by some heralds 
when it occurs in the arms of princes, 
and Topaz (or Carbuncle) when borne 
by peers. Engravers represent it by an 
indefinite number of small points. 

Orange : a roundlet teun^. 

Oranoe colour. Sea TENNi. 

Orb. See Mound. 

Hh 



234 ORDINARIES-ORLE. 

Obdinaribs are certain cliargeij in common use in arms, all 
formed by straight lines. Their number has nerer been pre« 
cisely agreed upon, though most heralds reckon nine principal 
ones which they call honourable, namely, the cross, the chief , 
the pak, the bend, the bend sinister, the f ess, the bar, the saUire, 
and the ehevrtm* The following charges are commonly called 
subardinaries, namely, the bordure, the canton, flanches, the fret, 
the gtP'on, the inescuicheon, the label, the orle, the pall, the pile, 
the quarter, and the tressure. The term sub-ordinaries, or sub- 
ordinate ordinaries, is also applied by some to the diminutires of 
those called honourable. 

Obeills: eared. 

Oboan-pipss. 

Gxdes, two organ-pipes pilewise, the 
wide ends in chief, or. Nevill. 

Oboan-best. See Best. 

Obiflamme, or Auriflamme : a banner 
anciently belonging to the abbey of 
S. Denis, near Paris, which the counts 
of Vexin, patrons of that church, bore 
in contests between the abbat and the neighbouring barons. 
When the county of Vexin fell into the hands of the kings of 
France, they made the oriflamme their prindpal banner, in 
honour of S. Denis. It was charged with a saltire wavy, with 
rays issuing firom the centre crossways. From these rays the 
name was probably derived. In later times this banner became 
the insignia of the French infimtry®. 

The name oriflamme appears to have been given to oth^ 
flags besides the above, probably on account of their colour and 
split form. 

The oriflamme borne at Agincourt was (according to Sir 
N. H. Nicolas) an oblong red flag, split into five points. 

Oble : an ordinary in the form of a bordure, but detached 
from the sides of the shield. Double and triple orles are some- 
times spoken of, but they should rather be termed tressures. 

o Me3rrick. 




ORLE— OVER ALL. 



235 





Gules^ an orle argent, was the arms of 
John de Balliol, founder of Balliol 
CoLLEGB^ Oaford, which bears the same. 

An orle qf bezants should rather be bla- 
zoned eight bezants in orle. The number of 

things placed in orle is 
always understood to be eight, unless some 
other number is mentioned. 

Barry of twelreP, argent and azure, over all 
nineP martlets in orle gules. Valencb, Earl of 
Pembroke. 

OSTSICH FBATHSBS. See FSATHXBS. 

Ottbb, [Fr. Lutre.] 

Argent, a fess between three otters sable. Crest : an otter 
sable, in his mouth a fish proper. Luttbbbll, Warw. 

OuNDT, or Undi. See Wavy. 

OuvBBT. See Overt. 

OvBB ALL, or Surtout : said of a charge 
placed over several other charges or a 
particoloured field, as also of an escutcheon 
placed over four or more quarters. 

Barry of six argent and azure, [over all] a 
bend gules, (as a mark of cadeni^.) Lord 
Obbt, of Botherfield Grey's, Oxon. (c. 1800.) 

In this and similar instances of particoloured fields, the 
words over all are needless and may be omitted, but in the next 
examples they are almost indispensable. 

Argent, three bars gemelles gules, over all a lion rampant 
sable, crowned or. Fairfax, Yorkshire. Another branch of the 
Faibfax family, sometime of Setton, Yorksh., and FramUng' 
ham, Noff.f bear the bars over all^ : in other respects their arms 
are precisely the same as the last. 




' Ab the numbers both of the pieces of 
barry and of the martlets vary in differ- 
ent examples, it is probable that both 
were anciently ooniideredindefinite. 



« This coat might be otherwise bla- 
zoned a lion, etc, debnuaed by three 
bars gemelles. 



296 



OVERT— PALE. 



Overt, or Overture : open : applied to birds. It is synony- 
mous with disclosed. 

Owl. This bird is always depicted full-faced. See the crest 
of Willonghby, Marshalling, pi. 2. 

OwNDY, or UndS. See Wavy. 





Writers say that 



THIS letter is sometimes used for the word purpure. 
Pack-saddle. See Saddle. 
Paddle. See Plouoh-paddle. 

Padlock. The form of this chaise varies. 

Sable, three square padlocks argent. Lovell, or 
LovBTT, Sticks. 

Pairle. See Pall. 

Paissant. See Pascuant. 

Pale : one of the honourable ordinaries, 
it should occupy one third of the width of 
the shield, but this rule is not adhered to 
except when a pale is borne on a chief, or 
when the field and pale are parted per 
fess and counterchanged. It has two 
diminutives, the pallet, which is one half, 
and the endorse, which is one eighth of 
its breadth, some say one fourth. 

Hugh de Grandemesnil, lord of Hinkley, and lord high 
steward of England in the reign of Henry I., bore gules, a 
pale or. 

Argent, a pale azure. Joyner. 

Palefurchi. See Shakefork. 

P€de of four pieces : a faulty blazon for four pallets. 

In pale : arranged in the form of a pale, as the three lions of 
England are. 




PALE— PALL. 287 

Azur% three eacallopB in pale or. Sthhes, Somer$et. 

Per pale. See Party. 

Pales, Park. See Park. 

Palisade. See Ckown paliaado. 

Pall. The heraldic figure bearing this name may be de- 
scribed as the upper half of a saltire, conjoined to the lower half 
of a pale, which in the insignia of archiepiscopal and metro- 
politan sees is couped at the base, but in other cases, not being 
fringed, is borne throughout'. It represents an ecclesiastical 
vestment, which " was ori^nally only a stole around the neck, 
with the ends hanging down behind and before. In the east 
the pall is called omophorion, {di/itnj>6piov,) and has been used at 
least since the time of Chr3W)stom, who was charged with 
accusing three deacons of taking his omophorion. It is worn by 
all the eastern bishops, above the phenoUon, or vestment during 
the Eachariat; and as used by them resembles the ancient 
pall* much more nearly than that worn by western metro- 
politans ^" 

Azure, a pastoral staff in pale or, ensigned 
with a cross patt^ argent, surmounted by a 
pall of the last, edged and fringed of the 
second, cbai^^ with four crosses patt^ fitch^ 
sable. 7%e (o-cfiUjntcopal see of Canter- 

BDKT". c„Bot-,-cH*ci., 

The insignia of the see of Yosk were formerly the same as 
the above, except the field, which was generally gules. Those 
now used (gules, two keys in saltire ai^nt, in chief a royal 
crown proper) were probably substitated during the primacy of 
Cardinal Wolsey, as instances are extant of his use of both the 
ancient and present ensigns'. 

■ This UtUr fbnn hu been colled a ■ See the cot upon p^s 167. 

eratt jmB, ta foU ermt. * Wi11emenl'iHer.NDt,ofCuiterburj 

■ Tbat i», the Teitment u called, wom Catii., p. T. note u. In Meain. WiHer'i 
bj tlie Romuii. Uonumental Bruiet, it U stated that the 

* Palmer, Originei Lituigiec, 1832, crown waa lubatituted at tbe lUibnni; 
•ol. iL p. 317- tlon fo' lb' papal tiara. 



238 



PALL— PALY. 




1 




pik 



tk« Piai or AV Stntfbfd 



M 



The insignia of the metropolitan see 
of Armagh are the same as those of 
Canterbury. Those of Dublin differ 
only in the addition of one more cross. 
On the recumbent effigy of abp. Strat- 
ford at Canterbury 
(ob. 1348,) the pall is 
fastened by pins, not 
in the form of 
crosses. 

Oules, a pall re- 
versed ermine. Kel- 
DON^ or Kblnedsn^ 
Esses. 

Pallet: a dimi- 




nutive of the pale, of which it is one half. 
Argent, three pallets azure. Thobn- 

TON. 

Pallisade. See Palisade. 

Palm. The branches of this tree are 
symbols of yictoryi though not frequently 
used in heraldry. 

Palmer's (or PUffrim's) Scrip. See Scrip. 

Palmer's staff. See Staff. 

Paly : divided by perpendicular Unes 
into an even number of equal parts, the 
first of which is generally of a metal, and 
the last of a colour. Chaucer terms it 
paUnff. (See under Indented.) 

Paly of six, or and azure. Gournay, 
or Ourney, Devon, 

Paly of six, argent and gules. Fitz- 
Neele, Bucks. 

Paly bendy may be either dexter or sinister. 
paly. 

Paly pily. See Pily paly. 





See Bendy 



PALY— PARTED. 239 

Paly saltiery. This term occurs for per pale and per saltire 
ooiinter-changecL 

Panss : pieces. Some heralds (for example) say ' checquy of 
nine panes/ instead of a cross quarterly pierced. 

Panthsb. This beast is always borne gardant, and gene- 
rally incensed^ that is to say^ with flames issuing from its mouth 
and ears. 

Papeoat. See Popinjat. 

Papal Cbown. See Tiaba. 

Pabd. See Lbopabd. 

Paring knife. See Shave^ Currier's, 

Pabk. There is probably but one instance of this bearing, 
which is in the insignia of the town of Debby, argent, a stag 
lodged in a park, all proper. The park is a 
circular space enclosed with pales, and having AA/ V \ 
a gate in front. 

Park pales are usually represented as in the 
margin. 

Pabliament bobs. See Bobx. 

Pabbot. See Popinjat. 

Pabted : divided. See Pabtt. 

Biparted, or Double parted, as a cross double parted, other- 
wise blazoned four fillets in cross. They are usually inter- 
laced. 

See also Cboss moHne sarcelled, which has been termed a 
Cross fleury biparted. 

The term biparted (or rather co^g^ed biparted) is 
alM> used to denote a particular manner of cutting 
off the end of any thing, as in the figure. This, it 
wiU be observed, differs from what is called double 
fitched. 

Triparted, or Treble parted, has at least two different applica- 
tions. 

(1.) A shield is triparted, or tierced, when divided by lines 
into three equal parts. This may be done in pale, in fess^ in 




240 



PARTED— PARTY. 



bend, in bend sinister, or in pall. The first only of these ways 
of tiercing a shield is known in England, and that only as a 
method, under peculiar circumstances, of marshalling three 
coats of arms in one escutcheon. Thus the society of Lincoln 
College, Oxford, bear the arms of their two founders, with the 
insignia of the see of Lincoln, of which they both were 
bishops, between them. Brasenose College bears the insignia 
of the same see between the arms of its two founders, (although 
one only was a bishop,) in exactly the same manner. Corpus 
Christi College also, bears the insignia of the see of Winchester, 
between the arms of Richard Fox, bishop of that see, its founder, 
and Hugh Oldham, bishop of Exeter, a con- 
siderable benefactor. 

(2.) The word triparted is applicable to a 
cross composed of six fillets. 

Argent, a cross triple parted and firetted 
sable. Skirlaw, or Scyblow, Yorkshire, 

A cross fiory triparted consists of six 
pieces ending in the manner represented in 
the margin. 

Pabtition lines. See Linbs. 

Party signifies divided, the name of some 
ordinary being added to shew in what direc- 
tion, as party per pale, etc. 

Some assert that these divisions are de- 
rived from the sword-cuts which shields 
received in action. They may be applied 
not only to fields, but also to charges, crests, 
and supporters. 

Party per bend^, or and vert*. Hawlby, 

Party per bend indented, gules and or. 
Febne, Sti^. 





y Many heralds say per bwd, etc., con- 
sidering the word party to be unneces- 
sary, as indeed it is. 



* That is, the upper part or, the lower 
yert 





PARTY— PATONCE. 24 1 

Party per chevron, sable and argent. 
AsTON^ Aston, Lane. 

Party per cross is oftener called Quarterly, 
bnt the former term is perhaps more proper 
when the quarters constitute one and the 
same coat. See Quabtebly. 

Party per pak, argent and gules. Walde- 
oRAVE^ Essex, etc. 

Party per saUire, ermine and gules. Bestwold^ Bucks, 

Paschal lamb. See Lamb» Holy. 

Pascuant, or Paissant : feeding : applied 
only to cattle and sheep. 

Passant : a word used to express the posi- 
tion of a beast walking past. Ifgardantbenot 
added, his head must look straight before him. 

Azure^ a lion passant argent. Palgbave. 

Counter passant, or Bepassant ; passant towards the sinister. 

Passant counter passant, or Passant repassant : walking side by 
side, but in contrary directions. It seems most proper that the 
beast passing towards the sinister should be uppermost, but as 
this is doubtful, it should be expressed in the words of blazon. 

The term is also applied to two beasts passant in pale, but in 
contrary directions*. 

Sable, two lions passant counter passant in pale argent, 
collared gules, that in chief towards the sinister. Oleoo, Scotl. 

Passion-cboss. See Cboss passion. 

Passion-nail. See Nail. 

Passion of Jesus Chbist: (the order of knighthood so 
called.) See Knights, Passion, etc. 

Pastobal staff. See Cbosieb. 

Pat6. See Patt£. 

Patent. See Patonce. 

Pateb nosteb. See Cboss pater noster. 

Patonce. See Cboss patonce. 



* These different pomdons should be 
distinguiBhed as * accosted passant 



counter passant/ and 'passant counter 
passaot in pale.* 



I I 



242 PATRIARCHAL CROSS— PEAR. 

Patriarchal cross. See Crosizr^ and Ckobb patriarchal. 

Patrick^ S. The arms ascribed to S. Patrick, are argent, a 
saltire gules. These are depicted upon his banner, and incor- 
porated in the union flag of Great Britain. 

Order of. See Knights, Patrick, S. 

Patronage, Ami9 of. See Arms. (IX.) 

Patt£: spreading: chiefly applied to the cross so called. 
See Cross pattie. 

Paul, S. Sword of. The sword in the insignia of the city of 
London is sometimes called the sword of S. Paul, that apostle 
being patron of the city. The common account, however, says 
that it is a dagger, and that it was given by Richard II. in 
memory of the courage of Sir William Walworth in slaying the 
rebel Tyler, A.D. 1381. This latter explanation seems to rest 
upon no very satisfactory evidence. 

Paumt. See Apattm^. 

Pavillion. See Tent. 

Paviour's pick : a tool nearly resembling a 
pick-axe. 

Pavon : a flag about four or five yards long, tapering from 
about half a yard in width to a point, the lower side being at 
a right angle to the staff. 

Paw. a lion's paw differs firom a lion's jambe in being cut 
off shorter, that is to say, at the first joint. 

Peacock. When the word is used alone, a peacock walking, 
with his tail close, is intended. When borne afl&ont^, or nearly 
so, with his tail expanded, he is said to be in his pride. 

Peal. See Peel. 

Pean, firom the old French pannes, a word signifying furs of 
any kind. It resembles ermine in form, but is differently tinc- 
tured, the ground being sable, the spots goLd. 

Ermine, a cross pean. Bridges. 

Pear. This, like other firuits, may be pendent, erected, or 
barwise. There is one kind called the Warden, or Warden-pear, 
which is borne by the family of Warden, as it formerly was by 
Warden priory, Bedfordshire. It cannot be distinguished in an 
heraldic drawing from any other species of pear. 




PEA-RISE— PELICAN. 



343 




Pea-bi8i : a pea-atalk with leaves and flowers. 

Peakl. See Argent. 

Pkel : a baker's shorel. 

Argent, on a baker's peel in pale sable, 
three maDdLets" of the first, two and one. 
PiBTOB, or Ptstob, Line, and Suff, 

Fkebs. See Arcbbisbof, DukBjMab- 
quKSB, Eakl, Viscodnt, Bishop, and 
Babon. 

Peoasus : a winged horse. 

The Bociet; of the Inneb Templx, 
London, bear azure, a pegasna aalient 
ai^nt. It has been already mentioned 
that a seal of the Knights Templars. ex- 
hibits two knights riding upon one horse. 
A recent writer has remarked that it is 
exceedingly probable that some rode and 
partially defaced representation of this device, was mistaken by 
tlie lawyers of the reign of Elizabeth, for a pegasus. The &ct 
that the Middle Temple adopted the device which appears upon 
the other seal of the ancient knights strongly confirms this idea. 

Pelican. Heralds always draw this bird with her wings en- 
dorsed, and woanding her breast with her 
beak. When in her nest feeding her 
young with her blood, she is said to be 
tn herpUty'. 

Azure, three pelicans ai^nt, vulning 
themselves proper. YiLiiA.i£,Somer8et,ete. 

Gnles, a pelican in her piety or. 
Chauntbeli.. 

A pelican's head erased or otherwise detached from the 
body must always be drawn in the same position. It must 
therefore be separated as low as the upper part of the breast. 

b They txK ■ometimM embkioned bntwea. That of WUL Prettwicic, dua 

platti, bvt an obTioiuljr inUnded tot of Hutisgi, in Warbleton church, Snuex, 

Tomid cikti. bu it, with the eipluutorj motto—" Sic 

" The pelican in her piety is not an Xpna dilexit Doi." 
uncommoD aymbol upon monninental 



244 



PELLET— PENNY YARD PENNY. 



Pellet^ Ogress^ or Gunstone : a roundlet sable. 

^ As suvfte as a pellet out of a gonne. 
When fier is in the powder ronne." cbaaeer'. 

Argent, three pellets. Lunb. 

Felletty : sem^ of pellets. 

Pencell, Pencil, or PenselL See Pennoncelle. 

Pendant. See Pennon. 

Pendent: hangingdown, asaleaforfruit with the stalk upwards. 

Penned. See Quilled. 

Penner and Ink horn, A penner and ink 
horn sable, stringed gules, oocnr in the in- 
signia of the Scrivener's Company, incorpo- 
rated in 1616. 

Pennon : a flag resembling the guidon in 
shape, but only half the size. Pennons are 
not to be charged with arms, but only 
with crests, heraldic and ornamental de- 
vices, and mottos^. 

The forked pennon, forming part of several 
crests, (as the duke of Wellington's,) is a 
long flag split at the end. It is commonly 
borne by a demi-lion. 

Pennoncelle, or Pensell: *Hhe dimi- » 

fllA I 




nutive of the pennon, on which was the 
cognizance or 'avowrye' of the warrior 
at the end of a lancet'' As used at 
funerals, they are very small pointed 
flags charged with crests and ornaments. 

Penny yard penny : a coin stamped with a 
cross moline between twelve roundles. Azure, 
three Penny yard pence proper, that is argent, 
are the arms of S pence. 





* House of Fame. 

* The small pointed flag anciently 
carried by knights bachelors, and some- 
times by esquires, which did contain 
arms, is, nevertheless, sometimes called 
a pennon. Others term it a guidon. 



^ Meyrick. ThcdeWalsingham men- 
tions a " vexillum vel peucellum displi- 
catum de armis S. Georgii,** which were 
a royal badge. 'Avowrye* signifies a 
patron saint. 



PENON— PHOENIX. 



245 



Penon. See Pennon. 

Pensile. See Pennoncblle. 

Per bend^ etc. See Party. 

Perch, to which a hawk is sometimes borne chained. It 
generally consists of two cylindrical pieces of wood joined in the 
form of the letter T- 

Perclose. The perclose of a garter is the lower part with 
the buckle, etc. See Garter. 

Perculaced. See Lattised. 

Perflewed. See Purflewed. 

Perforated. See Pierced. 

Per long. See Long. 

Pery : a term occasionally used to signify that a charge (a 
chain for instance) does not reach the sides of the shield. It is, 
however, quite needless, for when a charge (of course excepting 
the ordinaries) extends to the sides, it should be described as 
throughout. 

Pewit, or Lapunng. See Tyrwhitt. 

Petronel : a pistol. 

Pheon, or Pheon head: the head of a 
dart, barbed, and engrailed on the inner 
side. Its position is with the point down- 
ward, unless otherwise blazoned. 

Or, a pheon azure. Sydney, Earl of Leic, 

Argent, three escutcheons sable, on each 
a pheon or. Parker. 

Or, three escutcheons sable, on each a 
pheon argent. Parker, Essex. 

Or, three escutcheons sable, on each a 
broad arrow-head of the field. Granted to 
Henry Parker of Fryih Hall, Essex, 
Feb. 21, 1587. 

Sable, three pheons, their outer edges engrailed argent. 
Lotham. 

Pheons are occasionally borne shafted and feathered. 

Phcbnix: an imaginary bird resembling the eagle, always 
represented issuing firom flames. See Badge, Jane Seymour. 




Q 




246 



PICK— PILE. 



'^ 



Pick. See Paviour'b pick. 

Pick-axe. 

Sable, three pick-axes argent. Pioorr. 

Pie, Sea. See Sea-ptb. 

Pied, En: a phrase sometimes applied to a bear borne 
upright. 

Piebced: applied to any bearing which is perforated, the 
colour of the field or charge on which it is placed being seen 
through the aperture. If a different colour be seen it is gene- 
rally 8^ a charge and not a perforation. 

Pierced implies a circular aperture, but objects are often 
square pierced, and lozenge pierced. See also Caoss quarterly 
pierced. 

Pierced with an arrow generally means 
the same as transfixed, but is also used in 
the sense of vulned. 

Or, a chevron gules pierced with a bend 
ermine, is the coat of Hodstoke, or Had- 
stock, Suff. 

Piercer. See Wine-ptercer. 

Piety, In her. See Pelican. 

Pike : (the fish so called.) See Ged, and Lucy. 

Pike-staff. See Staff. 

Pile : an ordinary generally representing a stake used in the 
construction of a military bridge, or perhaps the point of a 
javelin. Thus the Romance de Garin : — 

** Volent piles plus pluie par pres, 
£t les saiettes et carriax empennes." 

* Piles flj thicker tlian rain, 
And arrows and feathered quarrels.' 

Perhaps there is no charge which requires to be more care- 
fiilly blazoned than the pile. A single one uncharged should 
occupy one third of the breadth of the chief, but if charged it 
may be double that width. Piles are always to be drawn in a 




■ See the mullets of Saint-John, (p. also occasionally of a colour diflerent 
280.) The nail-holes of horse-shoes are from the field. 




PILE. 247 

perpeDdicuIar position with the points downward, if not directed 
to be placed otherwise. They occasionally 
reach only to the fess-point. 

Argent, a pile gules. Sir Jofm Chan- 
D08, E. G. temp. Edw. III. 

Azure a pile wavy in bend, (or issuing 
bendwise &oin the dexter chief,) or. 
Aldam, Kent and Suttex. 

Argent, two piles sable. Hitlsb, or 
HuLLEB, Che»h. 

Etmine, two piles in point (i. e. meeting 
in or near the middle base point] sable. 
HOLLBB, lAiw. 

Or three piles in point aEure. Sir Gug 
de Bbtan. K. G. (ob. 1390.) 

Argent, a pile between two others re- 
rersed (or three piles, one issoing from 
the chief between two others reversed) 
sable. Hols, or Hullxb, Cfteth. and 
Berkt. 

Argent, (another or,) three piles (rather 
a triple pile, some say a pile triple 
pointed,) flory at the points, issuing 
from the sinister base bendwise sable. 
Wbotom. 

Or, a triple pile flory in bend sable. 
Norton. This issues from the dexter 
chief, as the words of the blazon 
imply. 

A piie trantpoted, is one whose point is 
upward. 

A pile in traoerie is one which extends across the shield. 
It is better to say issuing from the dexter or sinister side fess- 
vays. 

Per pile : a division of the shield into three parts, by two lines 
placed pilewise. It is not of very frequent occurrence. 




« 




248 PILGRIM'S SCRIP— PLACQUE. 

Pilgrim's scrip. See Scrip. 

PiLY^ or Paly pily, or Pily counter pily : is a division of the 
field into a certain even number of parts by piles placed perpen- 
dicularly and counterposed. The number of pieces should be 
mentioned. 

The piles are ordinarily throughout^ but 
occasionally otherwise, as in the arms of 
PoYNTER, LoruL, pily counter pily of seven 
traits (or pieces) or and sable, the points 
ending in crosses patt&, three in chief, and 
two in base''. 

PUy barry. See Barry pily. 

Pily bendy J and Pily bendy sinister. See Bendy pily. 

Pillars in heraldry generally somewhat resemble columns 
of the Tuscan order, or plain Norman shafts with cushion 
capitals. 

Pincers. 

Ai^nt, a fess between three pair of pincers gules. 
Russell. 

Pine- APPLE : the cone of the pine-tree. 

Azure, three pine-apples slipped, erect, or. Dickfield, or 

DUCKFIBLD. 

Also the fruit so called. This is found only in a few modem 
coats. 

PiNZON : an old French word for the chaffinch, which occurs 
in the arms of Mounpjmzon. 

Pipe : a musical instrument. 

Sable, three pipes two and one, the broad ends in chief, 
argent Piper. 

Pipe, Organ. See Organ pipe. 

Pitched, or Pitchy. See Fitchy. 

Pitcher. See Layer-pot. 

Placque : a name given to the tabard of a herald in distinc- 
tion from those of kings of arms, and pursuivants. 

^ Thin coat might othennse be bla- sable, the points terminating in crosses 
zoned per fess, dancett^ per long, or and patt^e counterchanged. 




PLAIN POINT— PLOUGHSHARE. 



249 



Plain point. See Point. 

Plaited. See Bbacbd, Fketted^ Interlaced^ Nowed* 

Planets. Some whimsical heralds have called the tinctures 
borne by kings^ by the names of the planets, and other heavenly 
bodies, as is more fully expressed under the name of each tine* 
tnre. In a few heraldic MSS. these tinctures are expressed by 
the astronomical marks denoting the planets, and at least one 
of these characters has been employed as a charge. They are 
as follows : — 

Sol, or, Luna, arg., ^ Jupiter, azure, IJ Mars, gules, (5 
Mercury, purpure, $ Saturn, sable, ^ Venus, vert, 9 • 

Azure, on a fess between three mullets of six points or, two 
characters of the planet Venus sable. Crest, on a wreath a 
heath-cock rising proper, charged on the breast with a like 
character or. Thoyts, Essex, (Granted 1788.) 

Plant A genista: the broom plant, a badge of the royal 
house of Plantagenet, who are said to have de- 
rived their surname from the circumstance of one 
of their ancestors having worn a branch of broom 
in his helmet, either by way of penance, or in 
token of humility, of which the broom is a symbol. 
Louis IX., king of France, instituted an order of 
knighthood upon his marriage with Margaret, eldest daughter 
of Berengarius, count of Provence, with the name of the Broom- 
flower, and the motto bxaltat humiliss. 

Plasterer's hammer. See Hammer. 

Plate : a flat roundlet argent. 

Gules, three plates. Mussard, Devon. 

Platy : seme of plates. 

Plenitude. See Complement. 

A Plough. The form of this bearing 

>f may be expected to vary a little in 
different examples. 

Plough paddle. This is carried by the sinister sup- 
porter of the arms of Hay, earl of ELinnoul. 
Ploughshare. See Coulter. 

Rk 





250 



PLUMBER'S CUTTING KNIFE— POINT. 




J 



Plumber's cutting knife. See Knife. 

P14UMBY. See PuRPURE. 

Plume. See Feathers. 

Plummet : a leaden weight. It is borne by the 
Plumbers' Company^ and by several families named 
Jennings. 

Poesy. See Motto. 

Point^ (see also Points^ and Points.) This is 
the name of a tool used by wire-drawers, and 
borne by their Company. The word is also com- 
monly used with reference to the points of stars, 
mullets, and weapons. 

Point, or Plain pdni : a small part of the base of the shield 
cut off by a horizontal line and separately 
tinted. It seldom occurs in English ar- 
mory. When sanguine, it is an abatement 
for him who lies to his king, but other- 
wise an honourable bearing. It is need- 
less to add ' in base,' for that is its usual 
and proper position. It is also called a 
Base, Boiie, or Base-bar, 

In point. See infira. 

Paint based. See Esquire. i 2 

Point champaine, champion, or sha- 
poume, (fig. 2.) When tenne, this is an 
abatement for one who kills his prisoner 
after demanding quarter. 

Point dexter, or Point dexter parted, 
(fig. S.) Such a point tenn£ is an abate- 
ment for him who boasts too much of his 
courage and warlike deeds. 

Point dexter base. This differs from 
the last only in its position. 

PotW ente in base. See Point pointed 
infra. 

Point in point. This generally signifies 






POINT— POINTS. 251 

the paifU poifUed, See also In point infra^ and Point in 

POINT. 

Paini pointed: a bearings which^ al- 
though not English^ has beeu twice 
introdaced into the royal arms of this 
country. See Arms, JRayal, Mary and 
Obo. I. 

When sanguine, it is an abatement for 
cowardice. 

Point 9hapouime. See Point champaine 
supra. 

Point sinister, and 

Point sinister base. These differ from the point dexter in 
position only. 

In point, signifies being or meeting in or near the middle base 
point of the escutcheon. See Pile. 

Sable, three swords in point proper, hilts and pomels or. 
Paulet. Some say in pile, which is preferable, because more 
intelligible. 

In point also signifies entire or throughout, as the lozenge in 
the arms of Hinxley, blazoned under Points. 

PoiNTE is the French term for what we call per chevron* 
They do not however consider it as a partition of the field, but 
a charge, which is one of their honourable ordinaries* What 
we call per chevron argent and gules, they blazon ' d^argent, k 
une pointe de guelles.' A few old English heralds blazoned in 
the French manner, saying, ' argent a point gules,' or ' chief and 
point, argent and gules.' 

Pointed. See Pitched, and Urd£, and also Cross 
pointed. 

Point in point. A fess per fess indented throughout, is 
otherwise said to be indented point in point, but the former 
seems the better method of blazoning it. 

Points. Example : three points, ermine, sable, and argent. 
This might be much better blazoned sable, a chief ermine 
and plain point argent, or (with a difference in the shading,) 



252 



POINTS— POLE STAR. 




per fess ennine and argent^ a fess sable. 
If the shading were altogether removed 
it would be triparted (or tierced) in fess^ 
or barry of three. 

Four points (i. e. the points dexter^ 
sinister^ dexter base, and sinister base) 
are, according to Holme, borne by the 
name of Hinxley, or Hincheslet. 
These arms may be blazoned per fess 
argent and vert, four points counter- 
changed. Some caU it per fess vert and 
argent, a lozenge in point (or throughout) 
counterchanged, but this would involve 
a difference in the shading K 

The word points is used by the French, and perhaps by some 
English heralds, for the squares or panes in the pattern called 
checquy. 

Points of the escutcheon : the principal parts of the shield, 
which are distinguished by certain names to facilitate descrip- 
tion. Nine such points are generally reckoned, but many 
heralds reject the fourth and sixth as unnecessary. They are 
named as follows : — 

1. Dexter chief point. 
ft. Middle chief point. 

3. Sinister chief point. 

4. Honour, or Collar point. 

5. Fess point. 

6. Nombril, or Navel point. 

7. Dexter base point. 

8. Middle base point. 

9. Sinister base point. 
Poix, Gutte de. See Gutte. 
Pole-axe. See Halbert. 
Pole stab. See Star. 

1 A similar coat is borne by Karraro, Venice, viz. per fess, argent and asure, 
a lozenge throughout counterchanged. 




POMEGRANATE— PORTCULLIS. 253 

Pomegranate : [Lat. Pomum granatum :] the 
fruit BO called. | 

Gules, a pomegranate in pale, slipped, or. ' 

Qbanoe, or Gramoeb. 

See also Basoeb, Katharine of Arragon, and the 
canting arms of Granada, p. 24. 

PouEL ; the knob upon the hilt of a sword. 

PoHELLED CBOss. See Cross pomel. 

FoHETTT : said of a eross or escarbuncle having a circular 
projection in the middle of each arm. See Nowyzd. 

PoHRT : a roundle vert. The name is derived from the 
French pomme, an apple. 

Popi. See Tiara. 

Popinjay, or Papegay: [/V-. Papegant, Ral. Papagallo:] the 
parrot, which when blazoned proper, should be vert, beaked 
and memhered gales. 

" mei; as ft popinjftj." Chuw^. 

POBPBIN. See PUBPUBE. 

Port, or Portal: the door or gate of a castle, often flanked 
with towers. The arch is generally semicircular. 
Gales, three ports, with double doors, open argent. Lzs- 

SINGTON. 

Portcullis, or Portgtaliee: a frame of wood strengthened 
and spiked with iron, used for the defence of « 
the gate of a castle. It was a device of the | 
house of Tudor in allusion to their descent |l 
from the Beaufort family, John de Beaufort, || 
earl of Lancaster, son of John of Gaunt, and W 
maternal grandfather of King Henry VII. 
haviog been bom at the castle of Beaufort in Anjou. The 
figure is taken irom the east window of the Chapel founded by 
that king at Weatminster. They often added the motto Altera 
secniftas, probably meaning, that as a portcullis is an additional 
defence to a gate, so their descent from the Beaufort family 
afforded them another claim to the crown. 

^ The Shipnuuuie'g tale, 19,109. 



254 



PORTCULLIS— POTENTE. 



Argent^ a portcnlliB sable^ chaiiis azure* Rbionold, or Rey- 
nolds^ Devon. 

Portcullis pursuivant. See Pursuivants. 

Posed : placed. See Interchangeably posed. The word 
is also used for Statant, but not often. 

PosTscRip. See Scrip. 

Pot : a metal vessel with three legs, as in the insignia of the 
Braziers^ Company, since united to the Armourers. This was 
formed like the Flesh-pot, which see, and also Flowbr-pot, 
Laver-pot, Lily-pot, and Melting-pot. 

The burgonet, or steel cap, is sometimes called a pot. See 

BURGONET. 

Potency. See Potent counter potent. 

Potent. This was the name anciently given to a crutch, or 

walking staff. Thus Chaucer, in his description of ' Elde,^ that 

is, old age, says, — 

" So olde she was, that she ne went 
A fote, hut it were hy potent" 

Again, in the Sompnoure's tale, (v. 7358.) 

*' And laied adoun his potent and his hat*" 

The word potent implies one piece of the fur which follows. 

Cross potent. See Cross. 

Potent counter potent. Potency counter- 
potency, or Potency in poitU: one of the 
heraldic furs, composed of any metal and 
colour. Some writers call it Vairy cuppy, 
Vairy tossy, and Meirri, and there is every 
reason to believe that it is nothing but an 
accidental variety of Yair. The cross patonce 
of Will, de Fortibus, earl of Albermarle, 
1126-79, (usually blazoned vair^,) is upon 
his seal represented as potent counter 
potent. 

Potent^, is a line of division. Example, 
a fess potent^ on both sides. 

1 Oules, a cross patonce, vair. 





POUCH-PRIDK. 245 

Pouch, Pilgrim't. See Scrip. 
PoQNciKO, said of a falcon Beizing bis prey. 
FoDKPLEp. See Pubfled. 
Powdered. See Sbm£. 

POTNT. See PoiNTE. 

Ppe: an abbreviation of the word 'proper,' very often used 
in heraldic memoranda. 

Frasin : green, from Upiaov, a leek. 
See Vbht. 

Fbecious stones. See Jewels. 

Preen : a tool used by clothiers. 

Azure, a preen or. Preener. 

Peesteb (or Pretbyter) John : 
figure of a roan, vested and hooded, 
sitting upon a plain seat, (commonly 
called a tombstone,) his right hand ex- 
tended in the attitude of benediction, 
(i. e. with the two foremost lingers raised, 
and the others closed,) and the left hold- 
ing an open book : in his mouth a sword 
fessways, the point to the sinister. Such 

a fignre or, the blade of the sword gules, in an escutcheon azure, 
is the ensign of the See of Chichester, the only instance in 
which the bearing occurs"". 

Pretence, Eteuteheon of. See Escutcheon. 

Pretension, Amu of. See Arms (II.) . 

Preyinq: devouring, aa the falcon in the 
arms of Madan, or Madden, WUtt., which are 
sable, a falcon or, preying upon {loUtriff upon, 
or trttssing) a duck ai^nt, on a chief of the 
second, a cross botonny gules. 

Fbide, In /us. Said of a peacock affronte, with his tail ex- 
panded. It is also applicable to the turkey-cock. 

" The above ia believed to be the raoit hi* bouda extended, (he siui iter holding 
correct form of the Preiter John, bal he ui orb. The point of Ihe inord too, i> 
Ib ofken drawn Tceled in epiicopalihua, not unfrequently turned to ibe dexter. 




256 



PRIMROSE— PURSUIVANT. 



Primrose. This name lias been applied to the quatrefoil. 

Prince op Wales. See Coronet^ and Feathers. 

Prisoner's bolt. See Shackbolt. 

Proper. When a charge is borne of its natural colour, it is 
said to be proper. It is not good blazon to say a rose proper, 
because some roses are red and others white. The same remark 
will apply to any object whose colour varies at different times, 
or in different examples. 

Prunino-hook : a part of the crests of Tay, and Nanfant. 

Pruning knipe. See Knipb. 

Punning arms. See Arms, Canting. 

VvnvjsEB, or Purfiewed: garnished: a term applied to the studs 
and ornaments of armour, the trimmings of robes, etc. Some 
call a border of ermine, or any other fur, 
a bordure purflew ermine, etc., but this is 
needless, and indeed unintelligible. 

PuRPURE : the colour commonly called 
purple, expressed in engravings by lines 
in bend sinister. In the arms of princes 
it was formerly called Mercury, and in 
those of peers Amethyst. 

Purse: stringed and tasselled. The 
purse of state, in which the great seal is 
kept, is of similar form, but more richly 
adorned, and embroidered with the royal 
arms, supporters, etc. See also Scrip. 

Pursuivant: a follower or messenger attendant upon the 
superior officers at arms, and regarded as a noviciate, and candi- 
date for the offices of herald and king. It has however been 
legally decided that a herald or king may be made per saltum. 

It was formerly held that a pursuivant might relinquish his 
office, though a herald or king might not, any more than a 
priest or bishop. The jurisdiction might indeed be given npj 
but the character was considered indelible* 

There are at present four pursuivants, distinguished by the 
names following : — 





PURSUIVANT. 257 

. Rouge croia?, instituted at an uncertain period, but generally 
considered to be the most ancient. The title was doubtless 
derived from the cross of S. George. 

Blue mantle. An office instituted by Edward III. or 
Henry Y., and named either in allusion to the colour of the 
arms of France, or to that of the robes of the order of the 
Garter. 

Rouge dragon. This pursuivancy was founded by King 
Henry VII., on the day before his coronation, the name being 
derived from the ensign of his ancestor Cadwaladyr. He also 
assumed a red dragon as the dexter supporter of his arms. 

Portcullis. This office was instituted by the same monarch, 
from one of whose badges the title was derived. 

Of old any peer, or even knight, might make a pursuivant on 
his own authority, but the heralds retained by subjects were 
always invested by the king. In 1429, Richard Nevil, earl of 
Salisbury, sent his pursuivant Egle vert, (so called from the coat 
of Monthermer, which the earl quartered,) to the duke of 
Bretagne; and an instrument, whereby Sir John Lisle made 
Thomas de Launey, his servant, (familiaris,) his pursuivant, by 
the name of Espoir, is printed by Anstis^^ from one of the Cotton 
MSS. It is dated April 6, 1442. King Richard III. too, when 
duke of Gloucester, retained a pursuivant, called, from his badge 
and supporters, Blanch sanglier. 

The ancient costume of the king's pursuivants was a surcoat^ 
embroidered with the royal arms, and worn sideways, that is, 
with one sleeve hanging down before, and the other behind. In 
1576, Rouge Croix was severely censured for presuming to wear 
his coat as a herald. At present however, this is not considered 
a crime, pursuivants being distinguished from heralds, not by 
this peculiar manner of wearing their coats, but by the latter 
wearing a collar of SS. which the former do not» Their tabards 
are of damask silk. 



" Register of tlie Garter, vol. i. p. 288. called a Coai of armSf that of a herald a 
o The siircoat of a pursuivant vtas Placqucy and that of a king a Tunique. 

l1 



258 



PURSUIVANT— QUARTERED. 



The pursuivants of the nobility wore coats of their lords' arms, 
in the same manner as the king's pursuivants did. 
Pyb, Sea. See Sea-pye. 
Pylb. See Pile. 
Pyot : the magpie. 
Pyramid of feathers or leaves. See Feathers. 





UADRATE: square. See Cross potent 
nowy quadrate, or quadrate in the centre. 
Quadrature^ In, signifies that four 
charges are placed at the angles of an imaginary square^ 
or^ in other words, two and two. 

Quarter, or Franc quarter: an ordi- 
nary occupying one fourth of the field, 
and placed (unless otherwise directed) in 
the dexter chief. 

Vairy, argent and sable, a quarter 

gules. ESTANTON. 

Argent, on a quarter gules, three lions 
of England in pale. The Royal Society. 

When two or more coats are marshalled together in a shield 
divided into squares for their reception, such divisions are 
termed quarters. 

Grand quarter. See Quartered, Counter, 

Quarter-anoled. See Quadrate. 

Quartered: is the term used when 
an escutcheon is divided into four or 
more squares for the reception of different 
coats of arms. 

Example: — 1 and 4, azure, a bend 
between six cross crosslets fitchee or, 
Drayton : 2 and 3, ermine, two bars 
gules, in chief a demi-lion issuant of the 
last. Segrave p. 

P In Dorchester Church. The crest is a Saracen's head wreathed about the temples. 




QUARTERED-^QUARTERLY QUARTERED. 



259 





Counterquartered is a word used when a quarter is itself 
quartered. See Arms, Royal, James I. This is sometimes 
called a grand quarter. 

The arms of Lorrayne (Bart. 1664.) have been blazoned 
* quarterly sable and argent, a plain cross counterquartered of 
the field ;^ but should rather be described as quarterly sable and 
argent, a cross counterchanged. 

QUARTERFOIL. See QUATREFOIL. 

Quartering. See Marshalling. 

Quarterly, or Party 
per cross. 

Quarterly, or and 
gules. Mandeyille ; 
also Say, of Devon. 

Quarterly, per fess 
dancette^, or and azure. 
Perot, Beds. 

Quarterly, per fess dancette^ gules and or. Bromley, Salop. 

Quarterly, per pale dovetailed, gules and or. Bromeley, 

Can^. 

Quarterly pierced. See Cross quarterly pierced. 

Quarterly quartered, when applied to a cross occasionally 

means no more than quartered, but generally parted per cross 

and saltire, or g]n*onny of eight. Both these applications of the 

words are very absurd, for their legitimate signification can be 

nothing but parted per cross, each quarter being subdivided 

in the same manner, — ^in other words, 

checquy of sixteen. The most intelligible 

term for a cross or saltire thus parted, 

would be that which is used for every 

thing else so parted, viz. gyronny of eight. 

Azure, a saltire quarterly quarted (or 

gyronny of eight), or and argent'. The 




1 The old heralds say indented, but ' Beginning with the highest piece on 

evidently mean dancett^, as the figures the dexter side, 
accompanying their works testify. 



260 



QUARTERLY QUARTERED— QUEUED. 



See Quarterly 




See of Wells, generally used for the united sees of Bath 
AND Wells. 

Quarter pierced^ or Quarter voided. 

PIERCED. 

Quatrefoil: a bearing probably de- 
rived from a species of clover, bearing 
four leaves on one stalk. 

Gules, a quatrefoil or. Boe, Middx. 

When quatrefoils are slipped, the stalk 
should join the lower leaf. 

Azure, three quatrefoils slipped argent. 
Hatcliffe, Haicliffe, lAnc. 

Double quatrefoil. See Huitfoil. 

Queen. A queen regnant is the only female who is, in 
her own right, privileged to bear her arms in a shield. She is 
also entitled to a helmet, mantle, crest, and motto, and may 
surround her shield with the garter, and the collars or rib- 
bons of all the other orders of knighthood of which she is 
sovereign. 

Queen consort. Until the time of George II. the queen 
consort was accustomed to bear the arms of the king her 
husband, impaled with her own, with the king's dexter sup- 
porter and the sinister supporter of her father's arms; but 
since that period, queens consort have used both the royal 
supporters. 

Some have doubted the propriety of placing the arms of a 
queen consort within the garter, and of late years such has not 
been the custom, but there are many precedents in favour of 
such an arrangement. 

Queue d'ermine : an ermine spot. 

Queued, or Queve: tailed. Double 
queued, or Quev^ fofurcM signifies with a 
double tail, like that of the lion in the 
margin. Such a tail is not unirequently 
passed in saltire, or (as some express it) 
nowed. 




QUEUED— RAGULY. 

Gules, a lion rampant, double queued, argent. 
MoNTPORT, Earl ofLeicetter, 

Quill (or Wheel quUl) of yam. See Fusil, 

(fig- 1.) 

An ettqtty guill resembles the annexed figure. 

See also Trunule. 

Quilled : a term employed in describing a feather when the 
quill differs in colour from the rest. It is also applied to the 
porcupine. 

QuiNYSANS. See Cogmsancb. 

Quintbfueil. See Cinqubfoil. 

QuisE, A ia, or A la cmsae : said of the leg of an eagle or 
other bird torn off at the thigh. 



ACK-POLE-BEACON. See Bbacon. 

Radiant, or RayotaU, or RadiatU raj/otme. 
pale radiated occurs in the arms ~ 
CoLUAN of Suffolk, viz., I 
azure, on a pale radiant or, a lion rampan 
gules. The same coat with a change of 
tincture, (the field vert, the lion sable,) is \ 
borne b;0'HARA,/reZaW. The cross radiant 
is a plain cross with the addition of four 
stnught rays, each between two waved ones, 
proceeding from its centre saltirewise. 
Raoqbd. See Raouly. 
Raqqed staff. See Staff. 
RaoulYj is a term applied to an ordinary 1 
having pieces like couped boughs projecting \ 
from it in a slanting direction. See also 
Trunked. 

Argent, a cross raguly gules. Lawrance, 
Gbme. 




262 RAGULY— RAMPANT. 

Argent, two bends ragnly sable, the lower 
one couped (or rebated) at the top. Wao- 
STAFF, Derbysh, (Granted 1611.) 

Rainbow. 

Argent, a rainbow, in fess throughout 
proper. Pont, Scotland. 

Rake, or TtUage-rdke. This charge is 
generaUy drawn in the usual form of the 
rake used by haymakers. Its head is sometimes borne sepa- 
rately, without any part of the handle. 

Sable, two rakes (?) in pale argent. Bromle. 

The Thatch rake is of a different 




form. Tim 

Argent, three thatchers' rakes bar- 
wise sable, are the arms of Zakeslet. The same charge is borne 
by Chowne, of Kent. 

See also Wool-comb. 

Rampant : reared on the hind legs. The word implies rage, 
and is therefore applicable only to beasts of 
prey, others being more properly said to be 
rearing^ erected, or mounting. Salient is a posi- 
tion very similar, but thrown rather more for- 
ward, and stretching out the fore-paws. 

'^ As it were a ramping and a roaring lion.** 

Pt. zsii. 18. 

Azure, a lion rampant argent. Montalt, Flintshire. 

Gules, a lion rampant argent. Mowbray, 

Or, a lion rampant azure. Percy, Northumberland, 

Vert, a lion rampant or. Robsart. 

Counter rampant. A lion counter rampant, signifies one ram- 
pant towards the sinister. As applied to two beasts this term is 
somewhat indefinite, being commonly used to denote that they 
are rampant contrary ways in saltire, but sometimes that they 
are rampant face to face, or combatant. The latter seems the 
meaning which should be annexed to the following passage from 
Harding^s Chronicle, which refers to Brute, King of Britain. 




RAMPANT— REBATED. 



268 



" He bare of goulis, twoo liones of golde 
Countre rampant, with golde only crouned, 
Which Kings of Troy in bataili bare ful bold." 

When two lions or other beasts are counter rampant in saltire^ 
(which is very seldom^) that which faces the sinister is ordinarily 
uppermost. 

Bapin : devouring^ or feeding.upon. 

Basbd. See Erased. 

Batch-hound. See Talbot. 

Baven. This bird was depicted upon the standard of the 
Danish invaders of England. Habdicanutb^ 
the third Danish king of this country, is 
said to have borne argent, a raven proper. 
Heralds often call the raven, a Corbie, or 
Corby-crow, in allusion to which, it is borne 
by many families of the names of Corbjm 
and Corbet. Or, a raven proper, is borne 
by Corbet, of Morton Corbet, Sakp, 

Bats. See Sun. 

Gules, a chief ai^nt, on the lower part 
thereof a cloud' with rays proceeding there- 
from proper. Leeson, Lesone, or Lysons. 

Motto, CLARIOR E TENEBRIS. 

Azure, one ray of the sim issuing bend- 
ways from the dexter chief, proper. 
Aldam. (See also Pile.) 

?Bayonnant. See Badiant. 
Beapino-hook, or Sickle. 
Gules, three reaping-hooks 
argent. Sawsefele. 
Bearing : said of a horse or stag standing upon 
his hind legs. 

Bear-house. See Bere-mouse. 

Bebated : having the points cut off, as a mullet, or a sword 




This seems to have been originally a chief nebuly. 



264 REBATED— REBUS. 

rebated. The word is sometimes used (as under Raguly) in the 
ordinary sense of couped. 

Rebatements. See Abatements. 

Rebent : bowed embowed^ or flexed reflexed. 

Rebounding has a similar signification to the last term, that 
is to say, bent in the form of the letter S. Some have applied 
it to the tail of a lion or other beast when so borne, the ordi- 
nary custom having formerly been to turn the end to the dexter, 
and not to the sinister, as at present. 

Rebus : " a word represented by a pictured" The term is 
not generally understood to include canting arms, though they 
answer to this definition, but only certain arbitrary devices, 
alluding to the names of the bearers, anciently assumed by per* 
sons who were not privileged to bear arms, as well as by many 
who were, especially ecclesiastics. A few examples are here 
given in the alphabetical order of the names of their 
bearers. 

Becky NGTON (Thomas), Bishop of Bath 
and Wells. Upon the rector's lodgings at 
Lincoln college, Oxford, to the cost of which 
this prelate liberally contributed, his rebus (a 
beacon and ton with the letter ^ for his 
Christian name) is carved in several places. 
He died in 1464, and the building is believed ^ „^^^^^^.„^^_^^ ,, 
to have been erected very shortly afterwards. '-- ■ : 1 !; i iilft'^^ '^^ 

CoMFTON (Thomas), Abbat of Cirencester, 1480. His rebus, 
a comb and ton, appears in a window of the chapel of our Lady, 
in Gloucester cathedral". 

GoLDSTONE (Thomas), the second Prior of Christ Church, 
Canterbury, of that name. A flint-stone or, ensigned with a 
mitre. This is seen upon the great gateway to the precincts, 
erected 1517. 

* Dr. Johnson. at Worcester college, Oxford. See 

w The rebus of W. [William or Dr. Ingram's Memorials, Wore Coll., 

Walter?] Compton, composed in the p. 4. 

same way, occurs upon the old buildings 





REBUS. 265 

Orafton (Richard)^ 1547. The devices of the 
old English printers were very often rebuses. 
Thus Grafton used a graft upon a stock enfiled 
with a ten fesswise, with an escroll inscribed 

SVSCIPITB INCITVM^ VERBVM &C. lACO. I. UpOU 

the ton is the cipher or mercantile mark exhibited 
in the margin. 

OxNBY (John), Prior of Christ Church, Canterbury, 1468-71. 
Upon a boss in the vaulting of the north transept of the cathe- 
dral, is a rebus of the names of this dignitary, described by 
Mr. Willement^ as ''an eagle with wings expanded, or, standing 
upon an ox couchant, of a dark red colour, armed and hoofed 
or, and charged on the side with the letters nt.^' The eagle 
stands for the Christian name John^ being the usual symbol of 
the evangelist of that name, and not unfrequently used as in the 
present instance*. The surname is implied by the ow and the 
syllable ne upon its side. 

Parker (Matthew), Archbishop of Canterbury 1669-75. The 
presentation copy to Queen Elizabeth of this prelate's treatise 
''De antiquitate ecclesise Britannicsey,'' is preserved in the 
British Museum. It is bound in green velvet, embroidered to 
represent a parky enclosed with pales, and furnished with trees 
and wild animals. 

Peeche (Sir John.) His arms, in stained glass, in a window 
of the chapel at Lullingstone, Kent, are encircled with a wreath 
of branches of the peach-tree, bearing peaches, Gvetj one of 
which is charged with the letter t for the termination of his 
name, which shows that the final letter was sounded. He died 
in 1522. 

Woodstock (Thomas [Plantagenet] of), sixth son of King 
Edward III. His seal has upon it the stock of a tree, to which 
his shield of arms is suspended. He died 20 Ric. II. 

* Rather tiifttein. James L 21. Hoc aquilae caput est signumque figura 
^ Heraldic notices ofCantCath., p. 21. Johannu. 

* Camden mentions a seal of Sir John Several curious instances of rehuses 
Eagleshead, whereon was the head of an occur in his < Remaines.' 

eagle with this motto : — 7 Printed in 1572. 

M m 



266 RECERCELLE— REINDEER. 

RscEBCBLLt, CereeUS, or CereU: that it, circled. See Csoas 
eercUe, and also 

Recx&CELLi, ReMOrcelU, or Sarcelfy. These terms are chiefly, 

not exoltuirely, applied to a cross. Some derive them from 
the French word resarceller, which, they say, signifies to edge, 
while others assert that it means to cut through. A cross 
resarcellfe sometimes means what we have called a cross moline 
sarcelled or voided throughout, and sometimea a plain cross first 
voided, then conped. 

A erott recercelled of another may he understood to signify, a 
plain cross borne within another voided, or in other words, a 
cross cottised. 

Rbclinant. See Dbclinant. 

Recouped. The signification of this word (which is used hy 
some of the earlier heralds) does not t^pear to differ from 
couped. 

Rbcbossbd. a cross recrossed, is oftener called a cross 
erosslet. 

Rbccktaht : bowed embowed, that is, bent in the form of 



Red. See Oules. 

Rebd. See Slay. 

Reel. See Tornpike. 

Reflected, or Reftexed, has a similar signification to Recttr- 
vatd. It is especially applied to a line or chain affixed to the 
collar of a beast and thrown over his back. (See Qokged.) 

Reqakdant : having the head turned 
backward. 

Or, a lion rampant regardant sable. 
Crett, a lion as in the arms. Jenkins, 



Reoi;l£. See Raodlx. 

Reindeeb. Heralds dis- 
tingoish this animal &om 
the stag, by double attires, one pur erect, the 
other pendent. 



REMOVED— REVERSED. 267 

Removed signifies that an ordinary has fallen from its 
usual and proper place. A chief removed (or lowered) is 
just the same as a fess enhanced^ or borne higher than 
usnal. See also Fracted. 

Renvers^. See Reversed. 

Rep A88ANV. See Passant^ Counter. 

Replenished with : seme. 

Gules^ the field replenished with martlets or^ (another, 
argent.) Tuchet. 

Rbre-mouse : the bat, which is always borne displayed. 
** Some war with rere-mice for their leathern wings." shabperoi. 

Argent^ a rere-mouse sable. Stetnino ; also Baxter. 

Or^ a rere-moose vert. Atton. 

Resarcell£. See Recercell£, or Resarcelle. 

Resionant : concealed : applied to a lion's tail. 

Respectant, or Respectinff each other : terms used in describ- 
ing two animals borne fiace to face. Rampant beasts of prey so 
borne^ are said to be combatant. 

Rest, or Spear-reet, called by Leigh and others Sufflue, and by 
OuiUim ClarioHy though he hints that it 
may be a rudder. Gibbon proposes the 
term Organ-reet, but mentions a MS. 
wherein it is called Claricimbal, or Cbwe^ 
cimbal. Morgan terms it a Clarendon, 
obviously a mistake for Clarion. It is 
otherwise called a Claricord. Rest is the 
term generaUy used, but there is much 
reason to believe that it is intended for some kind of horn or 
other musical instrument. 

Gules, three rests or. Granville. 

Azure, three rests or. Besstno, Stqff. 

Reversed : turned upside down. Reversed charges are no 
abatements of honour, but reversing the entire coat is the 
greatest possible mark of disgrace, being due only to traitors to 
their prince. 

■ Midsummer Night's Dream, Act ii. Sc. 3. 




268 REVERSED— ROSE. 

Argent^ a chevron reversed gules. Grendon. 

Argent, two chevronek reversed gules. Newton. 

Bevebtant : bent and rebent. 

Reynard : a fox. 

Rhodes, Knights of. See Knights, John, S. 

Riband, or Ribbon: a diminutive of the bend, of which it 
is one eighth in width. Some make it couped at each end, but 
this is not right : such a bearing would be a baton dexter. 

Rich coloub. See Gules. 

Richmond herald. See Hebalds. 

Ring. See Annulet, Gem-ring, Gimbal-rino, and Iron ring. 

Ringed. See Annuletty. 

Rising : said of a bird opening his wings as if preparing to 
take flight. 

RizoM : the grain of oats, agreeing with the ear of other corn. 

Robe of estate. See Mantle. 

Parliament robe. Two such, gules faced 
ermine, occur in the heraldic insignia of the 
Merchant Tailors of London. 

Rock, is generally borne proper; several 
families of this name bear the chess-rook on 
their shields. 

Roe-buck. See Stag. 

Roll, or Row, See Wreath. 

RoMPU : broken. See Chevron rompu, 

Rondeus. See Roundles. 

Rook : the bird so called, borne by the families of Rokeby, 
Rooke, &c. It is also sometimes (though improperly) used for 
Chess-rook. 

Rose. This flower is never to be drawn with a stalk unless 
such an addition be expressly directed by the words of blazon. 
It should never be called proper, for some roses are red, others 
white. The word proper applied to the barbs (or five leaves 
of the calyx) and seeds, implies that the former are green, 
and the latter gold or yellow. A rose is the difference of the 
seventh house. 




ROSE— ROUNDLES. 



269 




Ermine, arose gules, barbed and seeded 
proper. Beverley, Yorkshire. 

The use of the rose as a national em- 
blem may be traced to the wars between 
the rival houses of York and Lancaster, 
the former of which used the device of a 
white rose, while a red one was the badge 
of the other*. They are said to have 
been first assumed by John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, and 
his brother Edmund, duke of York. Both these roses were some- 
times surrounded with rays, and termed en soleil. See Badges. 

A double rose is one within another. The white and red roses 
were, and still are, often thus conjoined, either by placing a 
white rose upon a red one, or a red one upon a white. 

Rouge, and Rougecte : gules. 

*' Mais Eumenions de la Bbettb 
La baniere eut toute rougecte." sioga of CarUTeroek. 

Rouge Croix pursuivant, and 
Rouge dragon pursuivant. See Pursuivants. 
Round pierced. See Pierced. 
Round table. See Knights, Round table. 
RouNDLES, or Roundlets: certain circular 
charges distinguished (in this country) by 
different names according to their tinctures, 
though the French call the gold and silver 
ones besants, and all the rest torteaux, add- 
ing the colour. With us they are named as 
follows : — 

Or, Bezants. 

Argent, Plates. 

Azure, Hurts, or Huerts. 

Oules, Torteaux. 

Purpure, Golpes. 

Sable, Ogresses, Pellets, or Gunstones. 

' A red or white rose may with propriety be described in blazon , as a rose of 
Lancaster or York respectively. 




270 



ROUNDLES— RYE. 



Sanguine^ Guzes^ and 
Tenne^ Oranges. 

Some heralds would hare the two first always represented flatj 
but the rest shaded to appear globular. This idea is not borne 
out by ancient examples. 

When any roundles are parted, counterchanged, or of any of 
the furs, they retain the name of roundles, and should be 
shaded. 

Roundlets may be charged with ordinaries or any other 
figures. Argent three pellets, on each a bend of the field, are 
the arms of Benbvillb, Devon. 

Argent, three roundles cheveronny of six gules and azure. 
Caakant, sheriff of Dorset, sub Hen. YI. 

A roundle barry wairy of six, argent and azure> is called a 
fountain. 

The term ' faux rondeletts' occurs in a roll temp. Hen. III. 
for annulets. 

BousANT, or Rowsant. The word is generally understood to 
be perfectly synonymous with rising, but some restrict its use to 
birds attempting to fly, whose weight renders them unable to 
do so. 

Row. See Roll. 

RowELL of a Bpur. See Spur. 

Royal oak. See Knights, Royal oak. 

Ruby. See Gulbs. 

Rudder. The most proper position of a rudder 
seems to be with the hooks to the dexter, but as 
rudders occur turned the other way, the position 
should be noticed in the blazon. 

RuNDLES. See Roundles. 

RusTRB, or Mascle round-pierced: a 
lozenge with a circular perforation. Some 

y/ ancient armour was composed of rustres 
sewed upon cloth. 

Rye. In arms this grain is chiefly distinguished 
from others by drooping. 




s. 



271 




THIS letter frequently stands in heraldic notes and 

sketches for sable. 

Collar of S8* Collars studded with the letter S, or 

consisting of many of that letter linked ^^•^^y^-^rw^-^ 
together^ either alone or alternately with o^^^ci^v^^sSh ^. 
figures, have been at times much worn by persons [Vs \^ v^ 
holding great offices in the state, as well as by the '^"*— ^'^^"-^'■'"--^ 
gentry of various ranks from esquires upwards. They are still 
worn (with certain distinctions which it does not come within 
our plan to particularize) by the Lords Chief Justices, 
the Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, the Lord Mayor of 
London, the Kings of Arms, and Heralds, and the Seijeants 
at Arms. 

The signification of the letter S in connection with the collar, 
has been variously explained. To name the numerous impro- 
bable conjectures that have been formed would be useless. To 
arrive at any certain conclusion (without further evidence than 
has yet been adduced) seems impossible. Perhaps the most 
likely conjecture is that it stands for SbOtUraBlU^ the favourite 
motto of Henry IV.^ There is ample evidence that the collar 
of SS. was originaUy a badge of the house of Lancaster^. 



^ He bore this motto when earl of 
Derby, and continued it after his exalta- 
tion to the throne. 

c According to the Chronicle of the 
Ursins, quoted by FaTine, (EngL 1623, 
p. 67,) Hen. V. on the 25th day of Oct 
1415, gave to such of his foUowers as 
were not already noble, permission to 
wear ** un collier semi de lettres S de 
son ordre." Favine with his usual in- 
accuracy makes this an order of knight- 
hood, but it is evident that the degree of 
nobility which the king conferred was 
esquireship, which was often thus given. 



as it still is to the heralds and others. 
The right of knights to wear such a 
eollar of gold (esquires' coUan were of 
silver) was recognised by act of pari. 
24 Hen. VIII. The collar of SS. does 
not occur before the reign of Richard II. 
if then. The monumental effigy of Ma- 
tilda, countess of Huntingdon, daughter 
of Robert lord Fitzwalter, in the priory 
church at Little Dunmow, Essex, has 
such a collar, but the existing effigy is 
not originaL She lived in the reign of 
John, but the figure is of the fifteenth 
century. 



272 



SSS— SAGITTARY. 




Some kings of arms and heralds have encircled their arms 
with the collars pertaining to their degrees^. 

Sable : the heraldic term for black. 
It is called Saturn by those who blazon 
by planets, and Diamond by those who 
use the names of jewels. Engravers com- 
monly represent it by numerous per- 
pendicular and horizontal lines crossing 
each other. 

The original arms of De Gournat, or 
GuRNEY, a Norman family settled in Norfolk, were pure 
sable'. 

Sabre : a sword with a broad curved blade. 
See also Falchion, and Scymetar. 

Sacre, or Saker: a species of falcon. Its 
head is grey, the back dark brown, and the 
legs light blue. 

Saddle, or Manage sad- 
dle. 

Azure, a chevron between three saddles 
with stirrups or. 7%e Saddlers' Company, 
London. 

Pack^addle : a 
the conveyance 
thens. 

Azure, three pack-saddles or. 
TiddingtoUf Oxon. 

Saoittary, (from sagitta, an arrow :) a centaur, or creature 
half man and half horse, holding an arrow upon a bended bow. 
It is one of the twelve zodiacal signs, and King Stephen is 
said to have assumed it, because the sun was in that sign when 
he ascended the throne. See Arms, Royals Stephen. 




saddle for 
of bur- 

Hervey, 




' Much carious iDformation on the 
subject of the collar of SS, and other 
collars belonging to the royal liveries, is 
contained in a series of articles in the 



Oentleuian's Magasine for 1842-43. 

• Afterwards changed to argent, a cross 
engrailed gules. 



SAIL— SALTIRE. 



273 





Sail. Gules^ three sails argent. Lo- 
CAVEL^ or Cavell. 

This bearing is sometimes drawn with 
a portion of the mast before it. 

Saker. See Sacre. 

Salamander : a fictitious reptile represented as a lizard in 
the midst of flames. 

Salient: applied to a beast when 
borne as if leaping at his prey. 

Argent^ a lion salient gules. Pbtit^ 
ComwaU. 

Salient appears to be an accidental 
variation from rampant. The book of 
S. Albans^ 1486, (which, however, is not 
a very correct performance,) makes them 
synonymous. 

Counter-salient: leaping in contrary directions, that facing 
the sinister usually being uppermost. 

Argent, two foxes counter salient in saltire gules, the sinister 
surmounted by the dexter. Williams, Anglesey. 

Salmon-spear. See Harpoon. 

Saltant : a term sometimes applied to small animals spring- 
ing forward. 

Salt-cellar, or Sprinkling salt. 

Per chevron, azure and gules, three 
salt-cellars overflowing argent. The 
Salters' Company, London, Granted 
1530. 

Saltiery : parted per saltire. 

Saltire, or Saltier. This honourable 
ordinary probably represents the cross 
whereon S. Andrew was crucified. Some, 
however, say that it was an instrument 
to assist soldiers in scaling walls, the 
name being derived from the Latin salto. 
Upton, with great improbability, derives the 

n n 





274 



SALTIRE. 



word from saltus^ a forest^ and says that it was an instrument 
used to entrap wild beasts. 

The plain saltire is nothing but a cross placed in a different 
position. Almost all the forms incident to the cross are likewise 
applicable to the saltire. 

FiTZ-«EEALD^ Ireland. 

Maxwell^ Scotland. 

Neville. 



Argent, a saltire gules. 
Argent, a saltire sable. 
Gules, a saltire argent. 



«i 



Upon bi9 Burcoat valiant NevUle bore 

A silver saltire upon martial red." Dkatto^x'. 



XX 




When two or more saltires are borne in 
the same coat, it is superfluous to de- 
scribe them as couped, because they are 
invariably so, though not at right angles 
in the usual manner of couping, but 
horizontally*. 

Argent, three saltires vert. Grene- 

LAND. 

Sable, three saltires argent. Hilton. 

Saltire conjoined in base. 

Azure, an annulet ensigned with a 
cross pattee, or, interlaced with a saltire 
conjoined in base, of the last. The 
Borough of SouTHWARK, Svrrey. 

So this ensign is usually described, but, 
it must be admitted, not very satisfactorily. 
It has much of the character of a mer- 
chant's mark. 

A Saltire couped and crossed, is also called a Cross crosslet in 
saltire (or transposed), a Saltire saltired, a Saltire saltirelet, and a 
Cross of S. Julian, It is borne (sable, in a field argent) by the 
family of Julian, Line. The Company of Innholders, who claim 
S. Julian as their patron, bear it upon a chief. 

A Saltire fusil, or rather of fusils, is formed by a certain 




* Barons' War, i. 22. 



* Saltires are never engrailed at their ends. 



SALTIRE- SANGUINE. 27S 

number of fusils placed the long way in bend and in bend 
sinister, four of them meeting in the fess point. Domi-^sils 
shonld always form the terminations. 

The same remarks are applicable to Saliires of lozenges, and 
raascleB. 

SaUire guarierly quartered, or rather gyronny (j/" eight. See 
Qdarterlv quarteked. 

Saltirewibe, and In sallire, are words used to describe the 
position of charges placed in the form of that ordinary. The 
former is generally applied to two long charges, as swords or 
fishes, and the latter to five escallops or the like, placed 2, 1, 2. 

With reference to the former, it is necessary to state that the 
sword in bend sinister should be uppermost unless otherwise 
directed, because the dexter side, and consequently any thing 
placed in bend dexter, is more honourable than the sinister. 
The sword therefore in bend dexter should be laid upon the 
field before the other. This distinction is but little attended to 
in practice, many painters placing either uppermost indifferently, 
but it should be remembered that such a Variation is sufficient 
to make a distinct coat. Two families, or at least distinct 
branches (as it is believed) of the same family, named Newton^ 
are thus distinguished. See Bones. 

Saltorel: a little saltire. Some nse the term when two 
or more saltires occur in the same coat, but its use is not 
sanctioned by the practice of the most judicious heralds. 

Sang, GiUt4 de. See GuTife. 

Sanolant : bloody, embrued. 

Sanolier: a wild boar. King Richard III., when duke 
of Gloucester, had a herald called Blanch sanglier, a name 
derived from his favourite badge. 

Sanouine, or Murrey: blood colour, 
called in the arms of princes Dragon's tail, 
and in those of lords Sardonyx. It is a 
tincture of very unfrequent occurrence, 
and not recognised by some writers. In 
engraving, it is denoted by numerous bnes 
in saltire. 



276 



SANS— SCEPTRE. 



Sans : a word commonly used by heralds for without, as a 
dragon sans wings. 

Sans nombre : without any definite number. Some say that 
when a field is strewed with many of the same figure, and they 
are all entire, the term sans nombre should be used, but when 
parts of some of them are cut off by the outline of the shield, 
seme, or aspersed. 

Sapphire. See Azure. 

Saracen's head. See Heads. 

Sarcelled, or SarceUy. See Recercell£. 

Sardonyx. See Sanguine. 

Satan's head. See Heads, Fiends^, 

Saturn. See Sable. 

Satyr's head. See Heads. 

Satyral : an imaginary animal, composed of the body of a 
lion, the face of an old man, and the tail and horns of an ante- 
lope. It is probably identical with the man-tiger. 

Savage, Wild man, or Wood-man: a man wreathed about 
the head and loins with leaves, and generally carrying a club. 

Saw, Frame. The crest of Hamilton, 
duke of Hamilton and Brandon, is, out of 
a ducal coronet an oak-tree firucted proper, 
cut through the main stem by a frame-saw 
proper, the frame or. This crest was 
assumed in memory of the flight of Sir Wil- 
liam Hamilton into Scotland, c. 1323, in the 
garb of a woodman. Motto, above the crest. 
Through. 

Sawtry. See Saltiery. 

Saxon's Aearf. See Heads. 

Scaling ladder. See Ladder. 

Scallop. See Escallop. 

ScARPE, or Escarpe : a diminutive of the bend 
sinister, being one half of that ordinary. 

Sceptre : the ensign of royal authority. 

... a sceptre in bend . . . between two cres- 
cents . . . Watts. 




SCHALLOV— SCOTLAND. 277 

ScHALLOP. See Escallop. 

SCIHKTAR, See SCYMETAR. 

Scoop. This is a part of the arms of Scopham, 
of Settpham, lAncolnahire. They bear argent, a 
scoop sable, with water therein wavy purpure, 
between fonr leaves in aaltire of the second. See 
also Jew's harp. 

ScoppKRBLLE, (Leigh). See Escallop. 

ScoanoN : is generally borne erect. When it 
is borne with the head downwards it is described 
as reversed. 

One branch of the family of Cole bear argent, a fesa between 
three scorpions erect sable, and another branch of the same family 
argent, a chevron gules between three scorpions reversed sable. 

Scotch spitb. See Spur. 

ScoTCHKoN. See Escutcbeon. 

Scotia, Nova. See Nova Scotia. 

Scotland. The heraldic insignia of this very ancient king- 
dom are said to have been originally, or, a lion 
rampant gules, (assumed by Fergus I., who 
reigned from A.D. 403 to 419,) to which we ^ 
are told Archaius, who reigned in the begin- 
ning of the ninth century, added the double 
tressure, flory counter flory gules, in token of ' 
alliance with Charlemagne, emperor of Germany, and king of 
France : it is however, as Chalmers obser\'es, very likely that 
these two kings were not even aware of each other'a existence, 
and that the lion (which Brst appears distinctly upon the seal 
of Alexander II., 1214-49) was derived &om the arms of the 
ancient earls of Northumberland and Huntingdon, from whom 
some of the Scottish monarchs were descended. 

The parliament of James III. in 1471, "ordanit that in tyme 
to cum tbar suld be na double trezor about his armys, hot that 
he snld her hale armys of the lyoun, without ony mur." Not- 
withstanding this enactment, the double tressure is still a 
prominent part of the arms of Scotland. 




278 SCOTLAND— SCYMETAR. 

The Cregt is, upon aa imperiKl 
crown proper, (Boetius snys a 
crown rallary,} a lion Bejant 
affronte gules, imperiaUy crowned 
or, holding in hia dexter paw a 
sword, and in liis sinister a 
sceptre, both proper. The Sup- 
porlera are two unicorns argent, 
gorged with crowns'* composed 
of crosses patt& and fleurs-de- 
lis, chained, and sometimes im- 
perially crowned. The Motto 

(placed below the arms, on a compartment on which the sup- 
porters stand') is, in depencb. 

Badge of Scotland. See Bauqeb. 

Bordwe of Scotland : a double tressure, as in the royal arms 
of that kingdom. This has been given to many distinguished 
Scottish families, particularly to those descended from daughters 
of the royal house, as an augmentation of honour. 

Crown of Scotland. See Crown. 

ScoDROE. Scourges, with three lashes to each, occur in the 
insignia of Croyland abbey. 

Scrip, Pilgrim's, or Wallet, or Pouch^. 

Ai^nt, a chevron between three palmers' 
scrips sable, tassels and buttons or. Palmer, 
Kent. 

ScRoo ; a word used by Scottish heralds for a small branch 
of a tree. ^ 

Scroll. See Escroll. /) 

ScRCTTLE. See Vank. If 

Scutcheon. See Escutcheon, / 

Scthetar: a sword with a broad blade, sometimes {4vt 
engrailed at the back. See also Sabke, and Falchion. • 




ii tometiinu placed tbore 



SCYTHE— SEA.PYE. 



279 



Scythe : an instrament used to cut grass. Argent, a scythe 
in pale, blade in chief, sable, in the fess point a fleur-de-lis of 
the last, are the arms of Sneyd, of Staffordshire, a name derived 
from snydan, Anglo-Sax. to cut. 

Gules, two scythe blades, aaltirevise proper, were the arms of 
Dr. 'Williara Van Mildert, bishop of Durham. 

Sea-doo, sometimes erroneously called a crocodile. It is 
drawn like a talbot, with the whole body scaled, and the tail of 
a beaver. The feet are webbed and the back scalloped like that 
of a sea-horse. Baron Stockton has two such animals, sable, 
scaled or, for his supporters. 

Sea-draoon. This term occurs in a blazon of the crest of 
Sir Jacob Gerrard, bart. 1662. Otbers say a wyvem. 

Sea-horse : the upper half of a horse 
with webbed feet, joined to the tail of a 
fish. A scallopped fin is continued down 
the back. Two of these support the arms 
of the town of Cambridge. 

Sea-lion, or lion pmssoni a similar 
combination of the lion and a fish. Two 
such animals support the escutcheon of 
viscount Falmouth. 

Argent, a sea-lion couch ant azure, 
crowned, armed, and langued gules. 
Silvester, 

Sea-mew : the sea-gull, or curlew. 

Azure, a fess ermine between six e 
mews' heads erased argent. Spencer', 
Wormieighton, fVarw. 

Sea-pte : a maritime bird of a dark 
brown colour with a white breast. 

Argent, three sea-pyes, proper. "Wal- 

UEN. 

' The aneieat ann> of thii femiljr are desceuilant Sir John Spencer of Allhorpe, 

giren under Fket. Thecoat repreienled whodied 1600, resumed (lie iDcientanni 

■boTewMfint bome by Sir John Spencer and placed the above in the aecond 

of WorDileigblOn, who died IS21. His quarter. 






280 SEAL— SEMKR. 

Seal, or Marine wolf. 

Argent, a chevron between three seals' paws 
erased sable. The town of Little Yarmouth, 
Norfolk, 

Seals attached to a book. See the book in 
the insignia of the University of Oxford, 
(p. 62,) which has seven seals in allusion to Bev. v. 1. 

Seas : [Seax, Anglo-Sax.^ Sax, IceL a sword :] a broad curved 
sword with a semicircular notch 
at the back of the blade. 

Oules, three seaxes barwise 
proper, hilts and pomels or, form 
the insignia of the county of Middlesex. 

Sedant. See Sejant. 

Seeded : a word chiefly used with relation to the heraldic 
rose, but occasionally for botonny. 

Seoeant. See Sejant. 

Segreant: having the wings expanded: applied to the 
griffin, which when called segreant only, is understood to be 
rampant segreant. It is however sometimes borne passant 
segreant. See Grifpin. 

Sejant, called also Assis. It implies that the beast is sitting 
in his usual position. The position of a lion sejant differs from 
that of a squirrel sejant, the fore paws of the latter being raised. 
A lion thus borne would be Sefant rampant, 

Sefant affrontS, displayed, or eaetended, is applicable to a lion 
borne in full aspect, with his fore feet extended sideways. This 
is the position of the lion in the crest of Scotland, which is 
sometimes said to be Sefant in his majesty. See Scotland. 

Sem£, Aspersed, Averlye, or Gerattie : sown or strewed with 
an indefinite number of small charges, as fleurs-de-lis, escallops, 
or cinquefoils. When a field or charge is strewed with cross 
crosslets, it is commonly said to be crusilly. Special terms are 
also frequently used with reference to billets and roundlets. 
Sec Sans nombre. 

Semer, Semi, Semy, are all variations of the word Seme, 



SENGLIER— SERPENT. 



281 




Sbnglibb. See Sanglier. 

Sbngbeen : the plant called house-leak. It occurs in the very 
extraordinary arms of Dr. John Caius, or Kate^ which form 
part of the insignia of Gronville and Caius College, Cambridge. 
They are here given from the college book- 
plate, with the words of the grant as printed 
by Gibbon. 

**Gold semied with flowers gentil, a sengreen in 
chief over the heads of two whole serpents in pale, 
their tails knit together (all in proper colour) resting 
upon a square marble-stone vert, between theee a book 
sab. gamisht gul. buckled gold." 

Sepulchre, Holy, See Knights, Holy Sepulchre. 

Sefubtvrb: a term synonymous with endorsed, formerly 
applied to the wings of birds. 

Seraph, or Seraph's head: the head of an infant with six 
wings, two above it in saltire, two below it in saltire, and one 
on each side. 

Sergreant. See Segreant. 

Serpent. The terms invented by Holme and others to ex- 
press the positions of the serpent would fill pages. As but few 
of these positions are found in British 
heraldry, the greater part will be left 
unnoticed. 

A serpent nowed proper (fig. 1.) is the 
crest of Cavendish. The second figure 
is a serpent nowed reversed "'• 

Gules, an adder nowed (as in fig. 3.) or. 
Natheley. 

Argent, two serpents erect endorsed. . . 

LONGSHARE. 

Two serpents erect in pale, their tails 
knitted (or fretted) together, are figured 
in the arms of Caius, under the head 
Sengreen. 

" See also Nowed. 
O O 






282 



SERPENT— SHADING. 






Argent, three serpents volnted* (involved, 
or encircled,) vert. (fig. 4.) Digon, Teoon, 
or Tkooone, baron of Odron, Ireland, 

temp. Job. 

Azure, tbree serpents encircled, or. 
Whitbt Abbbt, Yorkih. 

Or, three serpents erect wavy sable. 

(fig. 5.) CODLBW, or CUDLBW. 

g Gnles, three snakes 

nowed in triangle 
argent. Ednowain ap 
BftAnwEN, Merioneth" 
shire. 

Serpents are also 
borne entwined aronnd pillars and rods, 
and around the necks of children, as in the 
arms of Vaughan. (See Envelloped.) 
Sesant. See Issuant. 
Sex-foil. See Narcissus. 

Shack bolt. Shackle, Manacle, Handcuff^, or Prisoner's bolt : 
a fetter for the hand of a prisoner. 

Argent, a shack bolt sable. Nuthall, 
Nuthatt, Lane, 

Sable, two single shack bolts and one 
double one argent. Andebton, Chesh, 
and Lane. 

The badge of Percy, commonlj called 
an ancient manacle, resembles the swivel 
borne by the Ironmongers. See Swivel. 

The shackles (or links of fetters) in the arms of Shakeblet, 
Worcestershire, are merely oval rings. That family bears gales, 
five shackles in fess argent. 

Shading. The manner in which coats of arms are shaded is 
often of material consequence, and therefore deserves attention. 
Every charge is invariably to be shaded on the sinister side, and 
generally on the lower, but if any charge (a bend for instance) 




SHADING— SHELL. 283 

cannot be shaded upon the sinister side and the lower ako^ the 
latter must give place to the former. Fields, simply parted 
should not be shaded at all. 

The coat of Andrews, of Bucki, (goles^ a saltire or^ sur- 
mounted by another vert,) will serve as an example of the errors 
caused by neglecting to shade arms correctly, being distin- 
guished by nothing but the shading from gules, a salture v^ 
edged or, which is possibly the coat of some other family. 

Shadowed. See Adumbrated, and Entbailed. 

Shaffeboon. See Chapebonne. 

Shafted ; applied to the quill of a feather, and to the shaft 
of an arrow. 

Shake-fobk, or Hay-fork. This is a 
Scottish bearing, resembling a pall 
couped and pointed. It has been termed 
apalefiirche. 

Argent, a shake-fork sable. Cunning- 
ham, ScotL 

Shambbouoh. a kind of ship has been so called. 

Shambock : the three-leaved clover, or trefoil, which is con- 
sidered the badge of Ireland, being- traditionally associated with 
S. !l^atrick, who is said to have drawn the attention of the Irish 
to it, as a symbol of the doctrine of the Trinity. See Tbefoil. 

Shapoubne. See Point champMne, 

Shave, Curriers', or Paring 
Knife. Borne by the Curriers' 1^ 
Company. In some examples 
both the handles resemble that on the dexter side of the figure* 

Shave-hook : a charge in the ensigns 

of the Plumbers' Com- 
pany. 

Sheaf. See 6abbe» 
Sheabs, Clothiertf : used 
in the process of dressing 
cloth. They were very anciently represented 
in the form of the annexed cut. 

Shell. See Escallop. 







284 SHELDRAKE— SHIELD. 

Sheldrake : a sea-fowl nearly resembling a duck. 
Gules, a fess between three sheldrakes argent. Jackson^ 
(Bart. 1660,) 

Shield, [Scylb, Angh-Sax., a cover or defence.] To describe 
the shields of the Normans and others, previous to the introduc- 
tion of armorial bearings, is a task which belongs rather to the 
historian of armour and costume than to the herald, but it is 
remarkable that no heraldic writer should have included in his 
plan an attempt, even upon the most limited scale, to form a 
chronological series of shields since that period. The shields 
represented under Arms, Royal, are useful to some extent, but 
very far from forming a complete series — and moreover, not all 
contemporary with the sovereigns whose arms they contain. An 
attempt to supply the deficiency in some measure will be made 
here, the date and authority being annexed to each example. 

1189. From the first great seal of Richard I. 
This is the earliest royal shield (at least in England) 
with arms upon it. 

- ^ 1226. From the monumental effigy of 
I William Longesp^, earl of Sarum, in 
I I Salisbury cathedral. He died in that year, usq 

\ / The shield upon a seal bearing his name resembles 
\ / that of King Edward III., figured below, but deeds 
\ / and seals were often renewed long after the time of 
Y their first execution. 
iss« c. 1230. This is the form of the shields 

borne by some of the images which adorn the west 
front of Wells cathedral. Some are flat, others 

convex. 

1827. From the second 
great seal'' of Edward IIL 
This is the first shield in the 
series of great seals of which luo 
we have a fiill view, all former ones being 
in profile. It is carried obliquely, the 
1S37 ^ sinister chief being uppermost. 

n That which Prof. Willis (Arch. Joura. ii. 17.) distingimhes by the letter B. 






SHIELD. 



285 




1S50 



1850. Shields of this form are common 
at all periods subsequent to about the 
middle of the fourteenth century, 
c. 1895. See Arms, Royal, Rich. II. 
1899. The seal of Margaret, countess of 
Norfolk, who died in this year, exhibits 
a shield nearly of the form shewn under 
1860. 

1418. The shield of Henry Y. upon 
his great seal, is similar in form to that 
of Edward IIL 

1422. A shield simUar to this is borne 
by the equestrian statue of Henry YI. 
upon the cornice enclosing the tomb of 

his father at West* 
minster. 

c. 1460. Stained glass in a window of 
the manor-house at Compton Murdack, War- 
wickshire, erected in the reign of Henry 
YI., and probably about this year. For 
another shield of about the same date 





14SS 



1450 



at Ockwells, Berks, 
Hbn. YI. 

The engrailed form first appears 

about this time. It occurs in the 
works of John of Whethamstede, abbat 
of S. Alban's, (qui ob. 1464,) as, for 
example, upon the sedilia of Luton churchy 
Beds. The engrailed shield was contem- 
poraiy with arches struck from yarious 
centres^ 

1461-78. See Arms, Royal, Edw. IY. 



see Abms, Royal, 




1404 



• Engrailed shieldi with the lance-rest 
upon the fmitter aide, occur upon the 
dripstones (external) of some windows at 
Wantage church, Berks. This pecu- 



liarity in the position of the lance-rest 
must have resulted from ignorance of its 



use. 



n 



C.1480. Stained gbsB 
ia a window ttl Cliwter- 
ton HaU, Warwick- 
shire. 

1483-86. See Asms, 
Royal, Rich. III. 

c. 1486. IVom a 
chimney-piece erected 
by Bp. Courtenay, in 
the episcopal palace, 




c. 1490. See Arms, 
Itoyal, Hen. VII. 

U 1609, (a.) A shield of 
this kind appears upon 
the great seal of Heniy 
Vni. (See also p. 23.) 

(b.) Rom the 

of Margaret, 
coontess of Richmond, 
' mother of King Henry 
VIII. She died 1509. 
1582. From a book 
printed in that year, by 
Robert Redman. 

1533. From a book 
printed at London, by 
William Rastell. 

1568. From the 
monamental brass of 
Robert Rugge, in S. 
John Madd^rmarket, 
Norwich. 

1659. Brass of John 
Corbet, Sprouston 

church, Norfolk. 







SHIELD. 



287 





1&6S 



1608 




\ 




1615 



1724 



1562. Brass of 

Richard Calthorp^ An- 

tringham churchy Suf- 
folk. 

1608. From the title 

of a hook printed at 

Oxford, 
c. 1615. In a house 

at Canonbury^ Islington^ 

Middlesex. 

1724. This is the 

date of the earliest shield 

that has been noticed of 

the tasteless though still 

prevalent form repre- 
sented in the annexed 

cut. 
What is commonly but absurdly called an 
antique shield, is generally of a form somewhat 
resembling that in the margin. Such shields 
form parts of several comparatively recent crests 
and supporters. 

"There are/' says Sir S. R. Meyrick, "in- 
stances^ even in the fourteenth century^ of 
gentlemen still bearing blank shields, because 
their progenitors had never performed any action to entitle 
them to a particular bearingi'.'^ To lose a shield was esteemed 
most dishonourable, and the knight who did so, was not again 
admitted to sit at table with his equals until he had purged 
himself from disgrace by fi^sh achievements. The reversal 
of a shield was considered by our ancestors as the greatest 




9 An instance of the lack of armorial 
bearings in a family esteemed noble, 
occurs so late as 1408, in which year a 
witness in a certain cause deposed that 
his family had never borne arms, because 



none of them had eyer served in war : — 
"nihil sibi insignii accidisse, quia nee 
ipse nee majores sui in hello unquam 
descendisseut" — Waterhouse, as quoted 
by Dallaway. 



288 SHIELD-^HIP. 

degradation which could possiblj be inflicted upon its 
owner. 

A distinction was sometimes made between the shield of war ^ 
and the Mdd of peace, the former containing the arms of the 
bearer, the latter his device. Both are represented upon the 
Black Prince's tomb at Canterbury. 

A shield suspended by the dexter chiefs denotes that its 
bearer fought on foot, and one hung by the sinister chief, that 
he was a horseman. Hence the latter is often found upon the 
seals of knights. A square shield denotes a knight ban- 
neret. 

Women of all ranks (the sovereign alone excepted) are now 
debarred from bearing their arms in shields, but formerly all 
ladies of rank bore shields upon their seals. Instances occur 
under the years 1899, and 1509, supra. 

In most countries ecclesiastics bear their arms in a circular 
or oval panel, the martial form of a shield being considered 
inconsistent with their spiritual character, but in England the 
oldest examples of the arms of bishops and priests are in shields. 
The assumption of helmets and crests by clergymen, cannot 
however be defended, either in principle, or by ancient pre- 
cedent. 

Shields are also commonly used to contain the insignia of 
cities, towns, and other corporate bodies. It will be generally 
admitted that corporations may with propriety bear the arms of 
their founders, just as those founders themselves bore them, as 
many religious houses did, and as the colleges in the universities 
do to this day. Upon the same principle some towns bear the 
arms of their ancient lords. The insignia of other corporations 
in this country, not derived from founders, have always been 
placed in shields, but upon what principle does not appear. 
Their use of helmets and crests has been considered elsewhere. 
See Crest. 

Shin-bone. See Bones. 

Ship. The form of this bearing varies greatly in different 
examples, being for the most part copied from the existing 



SHIP— SIDE. 



289 




fashion. When ships occnr in armory^ they should be most 
scrupulously blazoned^ care being especially taken to state the 
number of masts and tops^ whether there are any sails, and if 
any, whether they are furled or not. In the later examples the 
ports should be noticed. See also Ltmfhad, an antique ship 
borne by several distinguished families in Scotland. 

Ship-lantern. See Lantern. 

Shot. See Chain-shot. 

Shoveller: a species of the duck. It 
may be distinguished by two small tufts of 
feathers, one on the back of the head, 
another on the breast. 

Oules, a shoveller argent. Crest : a demi- 
shoveller, argent. Lanoford, London, 

Sable, a shoveller argent. Poplbr. 

Shrimp. The usual position of this fish may be described as 
displayed tergiant barwise, the head to the dexter. 

Gules, on three bars wavy or, as many shrimps of the field. 
Atsea. 

Shruttle. SeeVANE. 

Shuttle, Weaver's. 

Argent, three weavers' shuttles sable, 
tipped and furnished with quills of yarn, 
the threads pendent, or. Shuttle- 
worth, Yorksh. 

Sickle. See Reapino-uook. 

Side : a portion of the shield, not more 
than one sixth of its breadth, cut off by a 
perpendicular line. It may be dexter or 
sinister. The only instance in which it is 
known to be used in England is in the 
arms of Grote of Kent% Argent, on a 
mount vert, three pine-trees proper, a side 
dexter or. 





^ Originally of Germany ? 

pp 



290 



SILK— SLIP. 




SiLK^ Hanks of. Two forms occur in the 
insignia of the Silk-thbowers of London^ 
who bear^ argent, three hanks of silk in fess 
sable, on a chief azure, a silk-thrower's mill 
or. The difference between the hanks will 
be noticed in the cut'. 

Silk-throwers' mill. This is also 
borne by the Silk-throwers' Company, and is generally drawn 
as in the chief of the shield above. 

Silver. See Argent. The word is sometimes used to 
avoid repetition. 

Sinister; the left hand side. As shields are always sup- 
posed to be upon the arm of the bearer, the sinister side of a 
coat of arms is that to the spectator's right. 

Sinister bend. See Bend sinister. 

Sinister chief, and Sinister base points* See 
Points. 

SiNOFLE : a French term for vert. 

Sixfoil, See Narcissus. 

Skean, Skeen, or Skein : a Scottish word signifying a da^er 
or short sword, which occurs in the arms of several Scottish 
families named Skeen. 

Skiffino : occasionally applied to reptiles instead of 
erected. 

Slay, Slea, or Reed: an instrument used 
in weaving, and borne by the professors of 
that craft in the city of Exeter. 

Sling, Staff. 

Sable, a staff-sling in bend between two 
pheons argent. Carwardine, Cawarden, 
or Garden, Chesh, and Heref. 

Slif: a small twig of a tree with three 
leaves, at least that is the number assigned 
by some in distinction firom a sprig and a 
branch. 




' Those borne by the SiUunen are like the side ones. 




SLIPPED— SPANCELLED. S91 

Slipped : a word applicable to trefoils, and all flowers and 
leaves, implying tliat tbey have stalks. 

Slogan, or Slughom : [Scottish :] a war cry. 
Snapplb. See Babnacle. 
Snapplb-bit. See Bit. 
Snaooed : couped, so that the edge is seen 
in perspective. 
Snail, or Hou$e-»naU. 

Sable, a fess between three house-snails 
argent. Shbllrt. 
Snakb. See Sbbpint. 
Sol. See Or. 

Solbil : the sun. See Ross en mleil. 
Soldbbinq-ibon : a tool used by plumbers, and 
borne by their Company. 

Sohbbsbt hbbald. See Heralds. 
SoTEBEiQN. See Hblhetb. 

Spaoe. Generally pointed and shod 
with iron. The handle is sometimes like 
that of the figure, but often merely a short 
piece of wood at right angles with the 
upright piece. 

The ha^-tpade is also borne. 
Azure, three half-spades or, the side to 
the sinister. Datbbpobt. 
Spade-iron : the iron edge of a wooden spade. 
Azure, three ^ade-irons or. Beckton. 
It is not impossible that these are intended f< 
boterolls, or crampets. 

Spancelled : a term used for a horse 
when two of its legs are fettered to a log of 
wood. 

Sable, a horse passant argent, spancelled 
in. both legs on the near side gules. Pebci- 
tal, HatUt. 

The horse (cheval) alludes to the latter 
part of the name. 



292 



SPEAR— SPINDLE. 




Spear. 

Or^ on a bend sable^ a spear of the 
field. Shakspere^ Warw. (Granted to 
the dramatist.) 

A half spear signifies the upper hiUf of 
a spear like the above. 

A broken spear generally signifies the 
lower part^ the upper having been broken 
off. 

Spear head. 

Sable^ three sp«ar heads argent. 
Pryce^ Hunts. 

Spear, Eel. See Eel-spear, 

Spear, Salmon. See Harpoon. 

Spear-rest. See Rest. 

Speryer^ or Spurver : a tent or pavilion^ so termed in the 
grant of arms to the Upholders' C!om- 
pany^ 1465. 

Sphere^ Celestial. A celestial sphere 
with a foot^ is the crest of the Company of 
Clockmakers. 

The crest of Bull, watchmaker to 

Queen Elizabeth, was as follows : — On a 
wreath argent and gules, a cloud proper, 
thereon a celestial sphere azure, with the 
circles or ; on the zodiac the signs Aries, 
Taurus, Gemini, and Cancer. 

The Terrestrial Sphere, or Globe, is not 
uncommon as a part of a crest. It is 
often environed with a meridian, and 
sometimes placed in a frame, or stand. 

Sphinx : a monster of Egyptian origin, 
composed of the head and breasts of a woman, the body of a 
lion, and the wings of an eagle. 

A sphinx passant, wings endorsed, argent, crined or. Crest 
of AsoiLL, (Bart. 1761.) 

Spindle. See Fusil (figs. 1 and 2.) 







SPIRE— SS. 293 

Spire. 

Oules^ three spires argent^ on each a ball and 
cross or. Dakecombe, or Dakeham^ Unc. and 
Salop, (Originally, it would seem, of Stepleton, 
Dorset.) 

Splendour, In his. See Sun. 

Spool. See Spindle. 

Spread. See Displayed. 

Sprig : a twig with five leaves. See also Slip and Branch. 

Springing. Beasts of chase in the position in which wild 
beasts are called salient, are said to be springing. The same 
word is occasionally applied to fishes borne bendwise. 

Sprinkling-salt. See Salt-cellar. 

Spur. Oilt spnrs are proper to knights, and 
white ones to esquires. When employed as 
heraldic charges they are generally borne with 
the straps pendent, and the rowel downwards. 

The Scotch, or prick-spur has a spike instead of a rowel. 

Spur-rowel : a mullet, usually of six points, pierced. 

Spurver. See Spervbr. 

Square: an instrument used by masons and 
carpenters, supposed by some to be the prototype 
of the chevron. 

Argent, a chevron between three squares sable. 
Athowe, or Atlowe. 

The esquire in the arms of Mortimer is sometimes caUed a 
square. 

Square pierced : pierced with a small square orifice. See 
also Cross quarterly pierced. 

Squire, (as in the arms of Mortimer.) See Esquire. 

Squirrel. This animal is always borne sejant, and often 
cracking a nut. 

Argent, a chevron azure, between three squirrels sejant, 
cracking nuts sable. IjOvell, Norfolk. 

SauTFLE. See Vane. 

SS. CoUar of. See S. CoUar qf SS. 



M 




294 STAFF— STANDARD. 

Staff : a word applied by some to the rays of an escarbuncle^ 
and the spokes of a wheel. 

Cross-staff, or Fare-staff: an instrufnent which 
occurs in the insignia of the Plumbers' Company. • • • ^ 
Episcopal, or Pastoral staff. See Cbosibr. 

Palmer^ s, or Pilgrim* s stqjB^, or Bourdon. 
Argent^ three pilgrims' staves (fig. 1.) 
sable^ the heads^ ends^ and rests, or. 
Palmer, Line. 
In some examples the hook is wanting. 
Argent, a chevron sable between three palmers' 
staves, with pouches hanging on them of the last 
garnished or. Tasborouoh, Suffolk. 
Fig. 2. represents a pastoral stafi^, as borne by the monasteries 
of Kirkham, Malton, Newburgh, and Sempringham. 
Patriarchal staff. See Crosier. 

Pike-stcff. This generally resembles a palmer's staff without 
the hook. See also Flesh-hook. 

Bagged staff: a log of a tree, which is often borne in bend or 
otherwise. It may be throughout, or couped. Except when 
used as a badge, it would be better blazoned a bend, fess, or 
pale raguly and trunked. See Trunked. 
Stafford's Knot. See Knots. 
Stao, or Boebuck. 

A stag's attires, are his horns joined together by a part of the 
scalp. 

Stainand colours: tinctures, which being applied to the 
figures called abatements, are supposed to be disgraceful. They 
are sanguine and tenn€. 

Stalking : walking : a term applied to long-legged birds. 
Standard : a long flag, gradually becoming narrower towards 
the point, which, unless the standard belong to a prince of the 
blood royal, must be split. ''Every standard" (to quote the 
Harleian MS. No. 2,358.) " and guydhome [is] to have in the 
chiefe [L e. the part next to the staff] the crosse of Saint Oeorge, 
to be slitte at the ende, and to conteyne the crest or supporter. 



STANDARD. 



295 



with the poesji worde, and devise of the owner/' The cross of 
S. Oeorge woidd now give place to the union jack. 
The annexed figure is taken from a pedigree of the Wil* 




LovoHBT family, c. temp. Eliz. It contains the cross of S. 
Gteorge in the chief, the remainder being parted per fess or 
and gules, (the livery colours,) divided into three portions 
by the white scroll containing the motta The first of these 
portions is occupied by the cognizance — a griffin passant 
argent, armed blue : the second by the crest, an owl crowned 
proper, upon a wreath of the family colours. The fringe is 
green and white, the colours of the royal house of Tudor. 

A standard of different dimensions is on the authority of 
some writers assigned to each rank in the following manner : — 

An emperor's standard, eleven yards long. The same length 
is assigned to the great standard of a king, to be set up before 
his pavilion, but not to be borne. 

A king's ordinary standard, to be borne in war, nine 
yards. 

A princess, or duke's, seven yards. 

A marquess's six and a half yards. 

An earVs, six yards. 

A viscounf s, or baron's, five yards. 

A knight banneret's foiur and a half yards. 

A baronet's, four yards. 

What is now called the Eoyal Standard, namely, a square flag 



296 STANDARD— STEEL-GAD. 

of the royal arms^ is, properly speakings a banner, for a standard 
cannot be square, and can only contain crests, badges, mottos, 
and ornaments. 

Standard: (a particular kind of arrow so called.) See 
Arrow. 

Standish. See Dish. 

Staple. 

Argent, three staples sable. 



n 




Staplbton. 

Argent, on a pile sable, a staple affixed to 
the centre of the pile interlaced with a horse- 
shoe' or. DuNSTAPLE Priory, Beds. 

Star. See Estoile. 

The arms granted to Sir Francis Drake, the first English 
circumnavigator^ were argent, a fess wavy between the pole^ 
stars sable. These stars are precisely the same as ordinary 
estoiles. 

Star-fish, or Five Finger. This is drawn like a mullet 
shaded, edged, and pierced, or charged with a round spot. 
Gnillim says the mullet was the ancient name for this fish, and 
in confirmation of his assertion^ we find in Edmonson star- 
fishes described as forming part of the arms of Layard, which 
are now blazoned as mullets. 

Starved, Blasted, or Blighted: said of a tree wholly stripped 
of its leaves. 

Statant: standing stilly all the feet touching the ground. 
The head may be gardant or not. A stag is not described as 
statant gardant, but at gaze. 

Staves. See Stapp. 

Staynand colours. See Stainand. 

Steel cap. See Morion. 

Steel-oad. See Oad. 



* Or a ring 7 See " Verses concerninge Dibdin (Library Companion, 1825, p. 

the name and armes of Dunstaple," in 240.) suspects that these verses were 

the '*Chronicon sive annales prioratus forged by one of Heame's contempo- 

de Dunstaplc,'* published by Heame. raries. 



STEEPLE— STRINGED. 



207 





Steeple. See Spire. 

Stern : a bird ; probably the starling. 

Azure, a ehevron between three stems argent, beaked and 
legged gules. Duke, Suffolk. 

Also the hinder part of a ship. See Crown, Naval. 

Still. See Distillatory, and Limbeck. 

Stilts : wooden props strapped to the 
feet to elevate them. 

Argent, two stilts in saltire sable, gar- 
nished or. Newby, Yorksh. 

Stirrup. Gtenerally borne 
pendent, attached to a leather 
strap, with a buckle. 

Azure, three stirrups with 
leathers or. Gippord, Staff, 
Gules, three stirrups with 
leathers or. Scupamore. 

Gules, three stirrups with leathers in 
pale or. Deverell. 

Stock : the stump of a tree. 

Ai^ent, three stocks or stumps of trees 
cooped and eradicated sable. Retowre. 

Stock-card : a tool used by wool-combers, 
also Wool-card. 

Stone. See Flao-stone, and Tomb-stone. 

A square marble stone occurs in the arms of Caius, blazoned 
and depicted under Sengreen. 

Stonb-bill. See Wedge. 

Stork : this bird is seldom distinguished in heraldry firom 
the heron and crane. 

Argent, a stork sable, beaked and membered gules. Starrey, 
Derbyshire. 

Streamer : a long and very narrow flag. 

Stringed : a word chiefly used to describe bugle-horns and 
harps, when their strings are of a different tincture from the 
instruments themselves. 




See 




Q q 




298 SUB-ORDINARIES— SUPPORTERS. 

SUB-ORDIN ABIES. See ObDIN ABIES. 

Subvebted: reversed. 

Succession^ Arms of. See Abms (III.) 

SuFFLUE. See Rest. 

SuGAB*CANE : B moderu bearing, no doubt first 
assumed by persons who had accumulated wealth 
in the West Indian colonies. 

Sun. This luminary is usually borne in his 
glory f or splendour, that is to say, with a human 
countenance, and rays, (usuaUy sixteen,) alternately straight and 
waved. 

Gules, the sun in his glory argent. Richmond. 

The sun encircled by clouds and distilling drops of rain. 
DisTiLLEBs' Company. 

When borne eclipsed, (which is not very often,) the form is 
the same, but the tincture sable. 

The sun behind a cloud was a badge of King Richard II. 
See Badges. 

Bays qf the sun are occasionally borne. See Rays. 

SuPER-CHABGE : B chai^e which surmounts another, as the 
chevron in the arms of Dyxton, p. 301. 

SuPEB-EMBATTLED : embattled upon the upper side only. 
The prefix is perfectly needless, as an ordinary is never to be 
embattled on both sides, unless blazoned counter-embattled, or 
bretessed. 

Suppobted: a term sometimes applied to a bearing which 
surmounts or stands upon another bearing, as for eicample, a 
lion rampant supported by a fess, which would be much better 
blazoned a fess, surmounted by a lion rampant. 

SuppoBTEBs : the figures placed on each side of the shield to 
support it. There is much difference of opinion concerning 
their origin. Some think that they were at first merely the 
device of the engraver, who wished to fill the void space 
between the circular border of a seal, and the triangular shield 
within it. This theory is advocated by Anstis. Many however 
suppose that they were originally men in disguise, to whom 



SUPPORTERS. 299 

was committed the care of their lords' shields before a tourna- 
ment. 

At present supporters are used in this country by 

The Sovereign, and Princes of the bhod^. (See Arms, Royal.) 

Peer$, and Peeiresses, and their sons bearing titles of peerage 
by courtesy. The supporters are hereditary with the titles. 
Some peers upon their marriage with the daughters of other 
peers have laid aside their own sinister supporter^ and assumed 
that of the lady's father in its steady but this is an unwarrant- 
able practice, and contrary to the principle upon which sup- 
porters were originally (as they still are) taken^ which was 
generally to record some circumstance connected with the 
descent or history of their first bearer. The relict of a peer is 
entitled to bear the supporters of her lord during her widow- 
hood* 

Knights of the Garter, and Knights Grand Crosses of the Bath, 
are also dignified with supporters granted to them at their crea« 
tion by Garter king of arms. 

Some Baronets and untitled Gentlemen have also the right of 
bearing supporters, either by patent, or because their ancestors 
bore them before their ordinary use was restricted to the 
peerage. In the case of baronets they are usually confined 
to the holder of the title, but in some ancient families they are 
common to every member. Such is that of Tichboubne, 
Hants, who use two lions gardant gules. 

Supporters have been granted to the principal Mercantile Com- 
panies of the city of London. They are generally of later date 
than the insignia which they support, and in some instances in 
very bad taste. 

In Scotland supporters are more generally used than in 
England, being borne by all heads of clans, and baronets of 
Nova Scotia. 

^ In many instanced from about the lion often bore either the banner of 

reign of Henry VII. downwarda, the S. George, or one charged with a rose, 

royal supporters have been represented and the unicorn that of S. Andrew, or 

holding banners, generally charged with one charged with a thistle, 
the royal badges. Under the Stuarts the 



300 SUPPORTING— SURCOAT. 

StrppoBTiNO, as 'a lion rampant Bapporting an altsr.' See 
the armB of Smijtli under Altar, and also Sdpportid. 

Sdpfrkssed: debmiBed or surmonnted. 

Sdrcoat : a coat embroidered with the arms of the wearer, or 
in the case of heralds, etc., those of his lord. It was at first" 
without sleeves and girt with r belt, but in later times sleeves 
were added and the belt laid aside. The first English king on 
whose seal a snrcoat appears is John. 

At the battle of Bannockburu, 
A.I>. IS13, "there was slain Gilbert 
de Clare, earle of Gloucester, whome 
the Scottes would gladly have kept 
for a ransome, if they had known 
him ; but he bad forgotten to put on 
his coat of armes*." 

The first figure is that of a knight 
of the Tdevillr family, formerly in 
a north window of Wolston Cherch, 
Warwickshire, the arms (upon the 
snrcoat and emerasses) are gules, a 
chevron vair, between three mullets 
pierced argent. The other figure 
represents John Talbot, earl of 
Shrewsbury, temp. Hen. VI., and is 
taken from an ancient painting at 
Castle Ashbyx. 

Before quitting the subject of 
snrcoats, it may be proper to 
notice, that ladies formerly wore the 

* One of the eulinl inituicei of an ancient utIs of Warwick. On th« 

armorial aureoal ii that of WilL Long*- ileeve may be leen, galea, ■ lion »a- 

spie, earl of Salisbury, in the cathe- pant with a bordnre engiuled on T«l- 

dral there. Ob. 1226. boT: aiore, a lion rampant with a bor- 

' Slowe, Anualea, 1S92, p. 326. dure or; Talbot: guln, a f«aa between 

■ The quarters Men upon the body of aix croai-croaaleta or! Beaucsamf; 

the enrcoat ire, arfcent, a bend between a[^enl,twolionipauantgulea; STRARae 

aixmartleta; Furnivall: and, checquy, of Btackmere : together with FuRNITALL, 

or and azure, a chevron ermine; the and Warwick, u before. 




8URC0AT— SWAN. 301 

arms of their husbands upon their mantles^ and their own upon 
their vests. Eleanour^ countess of Arundel^ who died 1372, is 
thus depicted in the east window of Arundel churchy Sussex. 

The e£Bgy of Katherine, duchess of Norfolk, (who died 1452,) 
in the church of Stoke by Nayland, SuiFolk, has the quarterings 
of her husband upon the right side of her close gown, and the 
arms of her own family (Molins) on the left^. 

Suroeant: rising. 

Surmounted: a term used when a bearing is placed over 
another of a different colour or metal. It 
is needful to mark the distinction between 
surmounted and charged, which will appear 
firom the following example. 

Sable, a pile argent, surmounted by a 
chevron gules : the arms of Dyxton. If the 
pile had been charged with the chevron, the 
latter would not have extended beyond the 
bounds of the former. See also Over all. 

When a cross is surmounted by another cross, the upper- 
most is somewhat narrower than the other. 

Debmised has also the same meaning and is as frequently used. 

Surtout: over aU: generally applied to an escutcheon of 
pretence. See Over all. 

Swallow : in French hirandeUe, whence the family of Arun- 
del bears sable, six swallows, 3, 2, 1, argent, and the borough 
of Arundel in Sussex, argent, a swallow volant in bend sinister 
sable. 

Swan. Though this bird is generally borne with expanded 
wings, it seems desirable that the position should invariably 
be noticed. 

A swan gorged with a ducal coronet, to which is aflSxed a 
chain reflected over the back, is often called a cygnet royal. 

The head and neck of a swan are blazoned a 9wanf$ neck. 

f Weeper's Funerall Monaments, p. Sussex, (1513,) engrayed in Lower's 
774. See also the brass of Elizabeth, Curiosities of Heraldry, p. 38. 
wife of John Shelley, esq., at Clapham, 



302 



SWAN— TABARD. 





Sable^ a swan with its wings expanded ai^ent^ within a bor- 
dure engrailed or. Moore, HanUi, 

Sable, three swans' necks couped argent. 
Squire. 

SwEPE, Mangonel or BoHsia : an engine 
anciently used for the purpose of casting 
stones or other missiles into a besieged 
town. 

Argent, a swepe azure, charged with a 
stone or. Magnal. 

Swivel : a charge in the ensigns of the 
Ironmongers' Company, London, in which 
three swivels occur on a chevron. Their 
position is peculiar, the central one being barwise, that to the 
dexter in bend sinister, and that to the sinister in bend dexter. 
See also Shackbolt. 

Sword. The usual form of this weapon is a long straight 
blade, with a cross handle, as depicted under the title Inter- 
changeably POSED. In ecclesiastical heraldry it often refers 
to S. Paul, being the instrument of his martyrdom. 

Sable, a sword erect in pale argent, hilt and pomel or. 
Dymock. 

See also Brand, Dagger, Falchion, Scymitar, Seax, 
Skeen. 

Syres. See Fountain. 

Synamur. See Sanguine. 

Synobolt: used in the Boke of S. Albans, for sinople, 
i. e. vert. 

Syren. See Mermaid. 




a surcoat. 



THIS letter may be used as an abbreviation of 
the word Tenn^. 

Tabard: [Law Lai. Tabardum, Welshf Tabar :] 
The word was originally used for the firock com- 



TABARD— TASSEL. 



808 



monly worn by the peasantry. Thus Chaucer says of the 
ploughman^ 

*^ He toke his tabarde and his staffe eke 
And on his heed he set his hat *." 

The pilgrims of the same poet assembled 

''In South warke at the TaberdeV 

preparatory to their journey to Canterbury. Stow devotes a 
portion of his Survey of London to the inns of Southwark, 
''among the which'' he says ''the most ancient is the Tabard, 
so caUed of the signe, which (as we now terme it) is of a jacquit 
or sleevelesse coat, whole before, open on both sides, with a 
square collor winged at the shoulders/' Of late years this 
ancient hostel has been called the Talbot. 

The surcoats of the officers of arms are commonly called 
tabards, but see Tunique. 

Tabernacle. See Tent. 

Table, Round. See Knights, Round table. 

Tail, Forked, See Queued, Double, 

Talbot: a hunting dog, distinguished 
chiefly by the form of his ears. 

Argent, a talbot passant gules. Wol- 

VE8LBY, Suff^. 

Talent : a bezant. 

Taper-candlestick. See Candlestick. 

Tarjant. See Torqued. 

Targe, or Target : a shield, generally a circular one. 

" As brode as is a bokelar, or a targe." chanc«r>>. 

FesS'target : an inescutcheon. 

Tassel : an ornamented pendant or termi- 
nation at the comers of cushions, ends of 
strings, Sec. 

Gules, three cushions ermine tasaelled or, 
Redman, York$. 





* Plowman's prologue. 



" Prologue to the Canterbury Tales. 
* Prologue, 473. 



304 



TASSEL— TENT. 




Gales^ three taaseb or. Wools a. 

See also Ball tasselled, 

Tassy vaiby. See Potsnt countir potei^t. 

Tau. See Cboss Tau. 

Tawnby. See Tennb. 

Tbazel: a species of thistle, used in the 
process of dressing cloth. It occurs in the in- 
signia of the Company of Cloth^workers. 

Tbmplabs. See Knights Tenq)lars, 

Templb^ Antique: a very absurd bearing granted in 1765 to 
a family named Templar. 

Tenn£, Tataney, Orange, or Bruak: Orange colour. In 
engravings it should be represented by 
lines in bend sinister crossed by others 
barways. Heralds who blazon by the 
names of the heavenly bodies call it 
Droffon^i head, and those who employ 
jewels, Hyacinth, It is one of the colours 
called stainand. 

No instance of the use of this tincture is known to occur in 
coat armour^ but it was one of the colours forming the livery of 
the royal house of Stuart. 

Tent. If there be a pennon it must be noticed in the 
blazon. 

Sable, a chevron between three tents 
argent. Tenton. 

A Tent royal is of the same form as the 
last but not quite so plain. It has also a 
split pennon flowing towards the sinister. 

A tent royal gules, lined ermine, gar- 
nished or, tent staff and pennon of the last, 
is a charge in the insignia of the Merchant-Taylors of London. 

The word Pavilion and Tabernacle generally imply a tent like 
that first above mentioned, but sometimes one of some other 
shape, which should be more particularly described. 

See also Spebveb. 





:il 



TENTER HOOK— TIARA. 

Tenter book. Two fonns of this charge 
occur. 

Sable, three tenter hooks argent. Clakse^ 
or Clerkes. Another family named Clahk, 
bears argent three tenter hooks sable. 

^roiant: having the back turned towards the spec- 
tator. 

Tekkas : a mount in base. 

Terkebteial aLOBz. See Sphere. 

Testes aijx qubcbs : heads to tails. See the arms of Trout- 
beck, p. 148. 

Text ®, etc. See Letters. 

Thatch-eakb. See ILake, 

Thistle. A thistle slipped and leaved, 
ensigned with the imperial crown, all proper, 
is the badge of Scotland. 

Order ^ the Tkiatle. See Kniqbts, 
"matte. 

Thoison. See Toison. 

Three. Three charges of any kind are always to be placed 
2 and 1, unless the blazon directs otherwise. The words 'in 
pale' should therefore invariably be used in describing the lions 
of England. 

Thrbb-qoartered, or In trian atpeet, signifies that an 
animal stands in a position intermediate between passant and 
afi&ont€. 

Throdohoct; extending to the sides 
of the escutcheon, as a cross pattee, or 
a ragged staff in bend, throughout. The 
words Firtne, Fixed, and Entire, have a 
similar signification. 

Thunder- BOLT : a bearing derived 
from the classic mythology, in which 
it belongs to Jupiter. It is the crest 
of a branch of the family of Carnaoib. 

TiABA : the pope's triple crown. 



\|/ 



9M 



TIARA— TINCTURES. 




Aanirej three clouds proper^ rays issuing 
there&om downwards or^ surmounted by as 
many tiaras, tha caps gules, the crowns 
gold. DaAPERs' CoMPANT, Lotuhn. Granted 
1489. 

It is said that the royal crown in the 
insignia of the see of York was originally a 
tiara*^. 

TiERCSD, or Triparied, • See Parted, Tr^arted. 

Tiger. See Tyobr. 

TiLLAOE-RAKE. See Rake. 

Tilting spear. See Spear. • 

Timbre, or Tymbre: a crest. 

^ Le timbre sur le heaulme ung teste morien,'* etc. 

Grant of Aran to Alan Trowte, 1S70. 

Tinctures : the metals, colours, and furs used in armory. 

As a general rule, a charge of metal should never be placed 
upon a metal field, nor a coloured charge upon a coloured field, 
but to this there are several exceptions. First, what the French 
call armes pour enquerir, as the insignia of the kingdom of 
Jerusalem (see p. 103.) and the arms of Denham, of SuffoUcy 
which are gules, a cross vert^. 

Secondly, the rule does not extend to chiefs, cantons, and 
bordures, which however are in such cases by some called 
cousu, i. e. sewed to, not laid upon. Marks of cadency also, as 
labels, bendlets, and batons are exempt. 

The third and most frequent case to which this rule does not 
extend, is when animals are armed, attired, unguled, crowned, 
or chained with a tincture different from that of their bodies. 
For example, it is not false heraldry to bear argent, a lion ram- 
pant purpure, crowned or, which is the coat of Clemsbt, Leic. ; 
and the lions of England should, in compKance with a well 



« Waller's Bruses. Until Wolsey's 
time the indgnia of the see were alto- 
gether different 

d Many examples of the use of such 



arms by English families are collected 
by Gibbon, in his Introductio ad Latinam 
Blasoniam, p. 150. 



TINCTURES— TOISON. S07 

known heraldic role^ (see Armed,) have blue claws, tongues, and 
teeth, notwithstanding the red field in which they are placed. 

The fourth and last exception is, when charges are borne of 
their natural colour, not being one of the recognised tinctures 
of heraldry. Such charges are nevertheless generally placed 
upon a field of a contrasted tincture. 

A party-coloured field (as quarterly, gyronny, bendy, checquyy 
etc., or of one of the fiurs*) may receive a charge either of metal 
or colour indifferently, and vice versa. Barry of ten argent 
and azure,, a lion rampant gules, are the arms of StbatfobDj 
Ghue, Another branch of the family settled at Coverdry, bore 
barry of ten or and gules, a lion rampant argent. 

Tenne and sanguine, are, in connection with the system of 
abatements, styled stainand colours, that is, colours of dis* 
grace. 

The invention of the art of distinguishing tinctures by lines, 
is attributed to Francesco de Petra Sancta, an Italian Jesuit, 
whose book, entitled " Tessarse gentilitis,'' printed at Bome in 
1638, is said to have been the first in which it was used. 

See also Furs, Jewels, Metals, and Planets. 

Tines, or Tynes, are the antlers upon the horns of a stag. 
Their number is generally indefinite. 

TiRRBT : a manacle. See Shackbolt. 

Tod : a local name for a fox. Hence are the heads of foxes 
bome by the name of Todd. 

ToisoN : the fleece of a sheep. The Toisan d'ar, or golden 
fleece, owes its celebrity to the classical fable of 
Jason*s expedition to Colchis in the ship Argo 
to obtain it. This fleece gave name to the very 
celebrated order of knighthood in Spain and 
Austria, and formed part of the arms of Sir 
Robert Jason, created a baronet in 1^1. He 

• This applies chiefLy to vair, for on ennines, sach ftin are generally 

although it might not be a positiye treated as the tinctures which form their 

breach of the laws of armory to place groundwork would be. 
ermine on argent, or gules or sable 




SOS 



TOISON— TOWER. 



bore azure, a toisoQ or, within h double tressnre fleuiy coonter- 
fleuiyoftlielaat. 

TouB-BTONE. The seat apon which the Prester-John in the 
iadgnia of the see of Chicheater sits is commonly bo tenned, as 
is also the seat of S. Mar; in those of the see of Lincoln. It 
does not however seem at all probable that the bearing is in- 
tended for a tomb-stone in either case. See Fkbbtxb John. 
Tom. See Tcn. 

ToNoa, CUmng ; a part of the crest of 
the Founders' Companj. 
ToPAi. See Ob. 
ToECS. See Wkxath. 

ToBQUED, or Torguened: bowed-embowed, also wreathed. 
Tobss. See Wkxath. 
ToBTEAU ; a ronndle gules, said to repre- 
sent the host. Frendi heralds call all the 
roundlea (except the bezant and plate) tor- 
^aux, adding the tincture. 

Ai^ent, three torteaux. Betlby, or 
Bayly. 

Or, three torteaux. Codktenay, Devon. 
ToBTiLL^. See Wbeatbbd. 

ToBToisB. This animal is usually borne displayed tenant, 
barwise, which position is generally, though erroneously, de- 
scribed as passant. 

Argent, a tortoise displayed, tergiant barwise, vert. Gawdy, 
Norf. 
TouBN^. See Contoubn^. 

TowEB. A tower 
I eominonhr represented as 1 
I the first figure in the 
margin. The turrets 
upon a tower triple- 
towered (fig. 2.) are fre- 
quently placed sloping 
outwards. 






TOWER— TREFOIL. 309 

Azure, a tower or. Towebs^ Northamp. 

Azure, a tower triple-towered or. Towebs, Isle of Ely. 

Argent, on a mount yert| a tower triple-towered sable. 
Chiyebton, Lord Mayor of London, 1658. 

See also Castle, and Domed. 

Tbace, Tract, or TraUe : the tressure. (Upton.) 

Tbaits : pieces. See the arms of Pojmter under Pily. 

Tbanspixed : pierced through. 

Tbanspluent : applied to a riyer running under a bridge. 
See Bbidoe. 

Transmutation. See Countebchanged. 

Transpabency. See Adumbration. 

Tbanspiebcbd. See Tbanspixed. 

Tbansposed: reyersed, or otherwise placed contrary to the 
usual position. 

Tbansyebse, or Traverse : across the shield horizontally. 

Tbayersed is used, but not often, for contoume, that is, 
turned to the sinister. 

Tbee. Many kinds of trees, as well as their trunks, branches, 
leayes, and firuits, are often used as charges. The stump of a 
tree is generally couped (that is, the upper part oi it) and 
eradicated. If a sprig be left on each side, it is said to be 
sprouting. 

Or, on a mound in base an oak tree acomed proper. Wood. 

Oules, the stem or trunk of a tree couped at top, sprouting 
argent. Stockton, Leicester, 

See Tbunk. 

Tbepl£e. The cross botonny is by some called trefl^, and not 
inappropriately, though the former is its more usual designation. 

Tbbpoil. This charge probably represents 
the cloyer Iea£ (See Shambock.) It is 
always slipped. 

Argent, three trefoils slipped sable. Cham- 
pion, Berks. 

This is the ordinary form of the trefoil, but 
there are a few instances of deyiations from it. 





310 TREFOIL— TRICK. 

Or^ a trefoil double slipped raguly proper (i. e. ?ert.) Askba- 
TON. This trefoil has a single projection on each side of each 
stalk. 

Oulesj a chevron between three trefoils slipped raguly and 
couped or. Nicoll. 

Trellised^ or TVeille. See Lattised. 

Tressel : a three-legged frame to support 
a table, &c. 

Oules^ a fess humett^ between two tressela 
argent. Stratpord, Glouc, 

Tressure', JVeschur, or Tresheur: a subordinary, generally 
reckoned as a diminutiTe of the orle. It may be sin^e, 
double, or triple, but is mostly, perhaps invariably, borne 
double, and fleury-counterfleury, as in the royal arms of Soot- 
land. When impaled, it is always to be omitted on the side 
next to the line of impalement. Tressures have often been 
granted to the Scottish nobility as augmentations of honour. 
Nisbet says chiefly to families who had married daughters of 
the blood royal. 

Trestle* See Tressel. 

Trevet, See Trivet. 

Trian aspect. In: neither passant, nor affronte, but the 
medium between those positions. 

Triangle: the mathematical figure so called. 
This charge may be pierced. 

See also Oad. 

TVianffle counter triangle. See Barry indented, etc. 

In triangle is a phrase which has been used to describe a 
very unusual method of bearing three charges, namely, one 
and two, that is, one in chief and two in base. See also 
Diverse. 

Flexed in triangle. See Legs. 

Fretted in triangle. See Fretted. 

Trick, In, is an expression used to denote a method of taking 
down arms by sketching them, letters or other abbreviations 

* The tresfiure is figured under Scotland. 




TRICK— TRIVET. 



311 




being employed to mark their tinctures, nnd numerals to denote 
the repetition of a cliarge. 

Tricokporated : said of a beast having three bodies con- 
joined under one head in the fess point. See Lion. 

Trident : a fork of three prongs barbed. 

Tbikn : a triplicity. Some heralds have said a trien of fish 
interchangeably posed, instead of three fish. 

Trinity. The symbol of the Holy Trinily in an azure field, 
was the heraldic ensign of the monastery 
of Grey Friars, called Christ CeintcH, 
in the city of London. 

Shields charged with this device are 
of frequent occnrreuce in churches, bnt 
they are not to be considered as heraldic 
in any case except the above. The field 
is sometimes red, as at Canterbory. 

A red banner charged with the symbol of the Holy Trinity 
iras formerly carried in the English army. 

Tripartbd. See Pabtkd, Tr^arted. 

Triple cbowh. See Tiaea. 

Trifpaht, or Tr^iping: a term analogona 
to passant, i^iplied to beasts of chace. 

Vert, three roebucks trippant ai^nt, attired 
or. Trollop. 

CotaUer-trg)pmt. See Passant, Cornier. 

Triton: an imaginary animal, having the 
upper parts of a man, and the lower parts of a fish. The mer- 
maid is the female of the Triton. 

Triumphal crown. See Crown. 

Trivet: a circnlar or , 
jm I triangnlar frame of iron, 

^^^k I with three feet. 
I II Ai^ent, a round trivet | 
^^^A / sable. Trytett, Som. 
Argent, a triangular 



/V, 



trivet sable. 
Devon. 



Barclay, 





312 TRIVET— TURKEY-COCK. 

Both these trivets are sometimes internally tre* 
foiled. 

Tron-onn£. See Dismembebbd. 

Tbowel; an instrument used by plasterers^ and 
borne by the Plasterers' Company. 

Trumpet. This instrument has several shapes^ 
but that annexed is the most common. A handle is 
sometimes added. 

Azure^ two trumpets in pale between twelve 
crosses crosslet or, were the arms of the an- 
cient but now extinct family of Tbumpinoton, 
Cand>s. 

Truncated. See Tbunked. 

Truncheon : a short cylindrical staffl 

Trundle : a quiU of gold thread. That j 
borne by the Embroiderers resembles 
fig. 1. 

See also Fusil and Quill^ 

Trunk. See Tree. 

Trunked : composed of the trunk of a tree shaded to look 
cylindrical. (See Baguly.) It is also used in the sense of 
couped, and when applied to a stag's head is equivocal with 
cabossed. 

Trussed : this epithet applied to a bird is synonymous with 
close. 

Trussing. See Preying. 

Tubbe : a Cornish name for the fish called gurnet. 

Tun: a lai^e barrel* It was very com- 
monly used in rebuses for a termination. . 

Sable^ a chevron between three tuns bar- 
wise argent. The Vintners' Company^ 
London. Granted 14422. 

TuNiQUE : the tabard of a king of arms was formerly so 
called in distinction from that of a herald, called Kplaequej and 
that of a pursuivant, called a coat of arms. 

Turkey-cock. This bird, hke the peacock, is often borne tit 
his pride. 






TURKEY-COCK— TYGER. 313 

Argent, a chevron sable between three turkey-cocks in their 
pride proper. Yeo, Devon. 

Turned sp. A chnpeHu, for example, is generally gules, 
turned up ermine. 

TuBNFiKE, or TwnatUe, sometimes erroneously called a Reel. 
Three forms occur, as shewn by the figures following. 




ig_ 





Argent, three turnpikes sable. Woolston. 

A turnpike or, on a wreath ai^nt and gules, (fig. 3.) i 
crest of SKiPwrrH, Line. (Bart. 1622.) 

Tdrquine. See Azvre. 

Turret : a small tower upon the summit of a larger 
one. A charge in the arms of Johnson of Twyaell, Dur- 
ham, represented as in the annexed cut, is called a 
turret, perhaps by some mistake, though the ends 
have certainly some resemblance to the chess-rook, 
which is undoubtedly derived from a castle. 

Twisted. See Tobqubd, and Wreathed. 

TwYPOiL, or Dt^oil: a two leaved flower. See 
Unipoil. 

Tyoer. This beast, as drawn by ancient painters, is now o 
called the heraldic tyger, in distinction from the natural. £ 
distinctions are absurd, and tend to much 
confusion, for the old heralds drew the 
tyger as they did, not so much from igno- 
rance of its real form, as conventionally. 
The true heraldic form of the tyger ia shewn 
by the cut. 

Vert, a tyger passant or, maned and 
tufted argent. Love, Norf. (Granted 1663.) 



314 TYGER— UNICORN. 

Or^ a tyger passant gules. Lutwychb^ Luttaich, Salop. 

The tyger and mirror is an uncommon but very remarkable 
bearing. Amongst other extraordinary ideas which our ances- 
tors entertained respecting foreign animals was this — ^that in 
order to rob the tygress of her young, it was only necessary to 
lay mirrors in her way, in which ahe would stop to look at her 
own image, and thereby give the robbers time to escape. Argent^ 
a tyger passant regardant looking into a mirror lying feasways, 
the handle to the dexter, all proper, is said to have been the coat 
of Hadrian de Bardis, (probably an Italian,) prebendary of 
Thame, Oxfordshire. These arms still remain, or were lately 
remaining in a window of Thame church. Only two other ex- 
amples occur, viz. argent a tyger and mirror (as before) gules^ 
SiBELL, Kent, and gules, a chevron argent, between three 
tygers, etc. of the second, the arms of Butler of Calais. 

Tymbue. See Timbre. 

Tynes. See Tines. 

Tyrwhitt: the lapwing, or bastard plover. Oules, three 
lapwings close or, are the arms of Tyrwhitt of lAncolnghire. 

LSTER, Arms of. Argent, a sinister hand couped 
and erected gules. This is the badge of a baronet 
of Great Britain, being borne either in an escut- 
cheon or canton, so as least to interfere with the 
charges of his arms. See Baronet. 

Ulster Kino of Arms. See Kings of Arms. 
Umbraced. See Yambraced. 
Umbration. See Adumbration. 

Unde, Undated, or Undulated. See Wavy. Chaucer calls it 
' ounding.' (See p. 168.) 

Unguled: this word properly signifies having nails, claws, 
talons, or hoofs. It is, however, generally confined to the latter. 
Unicorn: an imaginary beast, well known as the sinister 
supporter of the present royal arms. 

Argent, an unicorn rampant, (sometimes sejant,) sable, armed 
and unguled or. Harling, Suffolk. 

Gules, three unicorns' heads couped argent. Parish. 




UNIFOIL— UNION JACK. 



315 



Unifoil : a charge which probably never existed anywhere 
but in the fancy of Bandle Holme^ who says that it is like a 
single leaf of the trefoil. The twyfoil no doubt derived its 
origin from the same source. 

Union Jack : the national flag of Great Britain and Ireland. 

The ancient national flag of England was the banner of 
S. George^ (argent, a cross gules,) to which the banner of 
S. Andrew (azure, a saltire argent) was united (instead of being 
quartered according to ancient custom) in pursuance of a royal 
proclamation, dated April 12, 1606. An extract from this pro- 
clamation follows. 

" Whereas some difference hath arisen hetween our subjects of South and 
North Britain, travelling by seas, about the bearing of their flags : for the 
aroiding of all such contentions hereafter, we have, with the advice of our 
council, ordered that from henceforth all our subjects of this isle and kingdom 
of Great Britain and the members thereof shall bear in their maintop the Bed 
Cross commonly called Saint George's Cross, and the White Cross commonly 
called Saint Andrew's Cross, joined together, according to a form made by our 
heralds and sent by us to our admiral to be published to our said subjects ; 
and in their foretop our subjects of South Britain shall wear the Bed Cross 
only, as they were wont ; and our subjects of North Britain in their foretop the 
White Cross only, as they were accustomed." 

"There is," says Sir N. H. Nicolas, "every reason to believe 
that the flag arranged by the 
heralds on this occasion, was the 
same as on the union with Scot- 
land [1707] became the national 
banner." It may be emblazoned 
azure, a saltire argent, sur- 
mounted by a cross gules, edged' 
of the second. The white edging 
was no doubt intended to prevent 
one colour from being placed 
upon another, but this precaution was, to say the least, unneces- 
sary, for surely no heraldic rule would have been broken if the 
red cross had been placed upon the white saltire. The contact 

« The term generally used is fimbriated, but that implies edged ali round. 







316 



UNION JACK— VAIR. 






of the red cross and blue field would have been authorized by 
numerous precedents''. This combination was constituted the 
national flag of Great Britain by a royal proclamation issued 
July 28, 1707. 

No further change was made 
until the union with Ireland, Jan. 
1, 1801, previous to which instruc- 
tions were given to combine the 
banner of S. Patrick (argent, a sal- 
tire gules) with the crosses of S. 
George and S. Andrew. In obedi- 
ence to these instructions, the pre- 
sent national flag of Great Britain 
and Ireland was produced. 

The word Jack is most probably derived from the surcoat, 
charged with a red cross anciently used by the English soldiery. 
This appears to have been called a jacque', whence the word 
jacket, anciently written jacquit. Some however, without a 
shadow of evidence, derive the word from Jacques, the first 
alteration having been made in the reign of King James I. 

Upright, or Erect : applied to all shell-fish instead of hau- 
rient, and to all reptiles instead of rampant. 

Urchin : the hedge-hog. 

Urd£;£, Cross. See Chosb pointed, and Champagne. 

Urinant: diving. Applied to a fish with the head downwards. 

Vert, a dolphin urinant (or in pale, tail in chief) or. Mony- 
PENNY, Kent. 

Urle. See Orle. 

Urvant : embowed upward. 




THIS letter often stands for the word vert. 

Vair, or Verry: a party-coloured fur, generally 
argent and azure, which colours are always implied 
when no others are mentioned. When other colours 



^ The arms of Dyxton for example, 
which occur under Surmounted. 



i " Savoit chascun un jacque {wr dcssus 
son haubert." — Bertrand du Guetdin, 



VAIR— VAIRE. 



317 




are employed, it is usual to say VairS (Lat. variatus) of those 
tinctures. They are generally two, but may be more. 

A curious and very ancient example of the use of vair, occurs 
in the lining to the mantle or outer garment of Geoflfry Plan- 
tagenet, count of Maine and Anjou, upon an enamelled tablet 
formerly in the church of S. Julian, at Mans, A.D. 1149. 
It is engraved in Stothard^s Monumental Effigies. 

There are three kinds of vair. (1.) The ordinary kind, (un- 
necessarily called by some Vair en point.) 
(2.) Counter vair, which differs only in the 
arrangement of the tinctures, and (8.) Vair 
ancient, in which the shields are differently 
placed. See fig. 3; vaire, or and gules, 
the arms of Robert de Ferrars, earl of 
Derby, (1254-65,) from Dorchester church, 
Oxfordshire. 
3 The usual number of 

rows of pieces in vair is 

about six, though some 

contend for four, calling 

six or more rows menu (or 

small) vair. Whatever may 

be the custom of other 
nations, no such distinction is known in English heraldry. On 
an ordinary the width of one little shield is sufficient. Four 
pieces of vair in cross, point to point, are sometimes called a cross 
vair, a designation likely to cause errors. 

Vair. Beauchamp, Cornwall. Maynell, 
London. 

Yair^, ermine and gules. Gresley, 
Derbyshire. 

Or, (another gules,) a saltire vair. Wil- 

LINGTON. 

Quarterly, or and gules, a bend vair. 
Sackville. 

VairA, or Vairy: included under Vair. 







818 VAIRY-CUPPY— VERMEIL, 

Yairt-cuppt^ or Vairy-tcLSsy, (from tassa, a goblet,) called 
also Metrri and Bar-meirri. See Potbnt-countek«potbnt. 

Vallary crown. See Crown. 

Vambraced. The word vambrace signifies armour for tbe 
arm, entirely covering it, but from the etymology of the term 
{avant bras,) it seems that it formerly covered the fore part 
only. See Embowed. 

Vamplbt: the projecting part of a tilting spear, which is 
before the hand of the person holding it. 

Vane, Van, or Fan, Fmttk, Scruttle, Sknittk, or Winnowi$^- 
basket. 

Azure, three winnowing-vanes, or. Sept- 
tans^, alias Harflete, Keni. 

This charge has sometimes been mistaken 
for an escallop. 

Vane also signifies a little flag, as in the arms of Trowbridge, 
blazoned under Bridge. 

Van net. This is said to be an escallop without ears, but the 
name would seem to imply an instrument similar to the vane, 
van, or fan. 

Yariated, or Warriated. See Champagne. 

Varrt : a single piece of vair. Used also for that fur com- 
plete. 

Varvells, Verveb, or Wervels: the rings often attached to 
the ends of the jesses of a hawk. 

Velloped. See Jelloped. 

Venus. See Vert, 

Verdot: an unnecessary term occasionally used to denote 
that a bordure is charged with eight flowers, leaves, or other 
vegetable charges; as a bordure argent, verdoy (or charged 
with a verdoy) of oak-leaves proper, which should rather be 
blazoned, charged with eight oak-leaves. 

Vermeil. See Oules. 

J Although the name of this family Septvans (who died A.D. 1306) in Char- 
would seem to imply that their armorial tham church, Kent, that as early as the 
bearings consisted originally of seven beginning of the fourteenth century three 
vans, we find from the brass of Sir VL de only were borne. 



VERREY— VISITATION. 319 

Veerbt, or Verry. See VairA. 

Vert: green, called Vetats in the arms 
of princes, and Emerald in those of peers, j 

and expressed in engravings hy lines in 
bend. The French and others call it 
Sinople, from a town in the Levant (pro- 
bably Sinope in Asia Minor) from which 
were brought the best materials for dying 
green. 

ViRTANT-BKTEBTANT : boTcd-embowed. 

VzRCLB. See ViBOL. 

VEBTEn : clothed. 

ViNB-HooK. See Pbumng-hook. 

Violin : usually borne with the handle downwards. 

Gules, three violins ai^ent, Btriuged sable. Sweeting, 
Sotnerael. 

ViKOLB : the rings which commonly encircle bngle-homs. 

Viscount : the fourth order of the peerage of England, being 
the intermediate rank between earl and baron. The title waa 
originally the official name of the depu^ of an earl, then the 
lord of a county. It was first granted as a title of honour to 
John, lord Beaumont, to whom King Henry VI., in 1440, 
gave by patent the titles of viscount Beaumont in England 
and France, with the feudal territory belonging to the latter. 
See also Cobonet. 

Visitation. 

" Only K henid, who that »b; doth pus, 
Hods bis ctack'd name at len^ in the church-glaM." 



Early in the reign of Heniy VIII., it was deemed advisable 
to adopt some more systematic plan than had hitherto been 
adopted, for collecting and recording genealt^cal and armorial 
information, and from this arose those journeys of the heralds 
termed visitations. The earliest visitation made by virtue of a 
royal commission, seems to be that of Gloucester, Worcester, 
Oxford, Wilts, Berks, and Stafford, in 1628-29. From -this 
time the several counties were visited at irregular intervals 



320 VISITATION— VOIDED. 

until the Great Rebellion. Soon after the Restoration the prac- 
tice was revived^ but no commission has been issued since the 
Revolution. The last is dated May 13, 16861". 

VisoK, Vizor, Garde- VUure, Beaver^ or Beauvobr: that part 
of a helmet which covers the face. A knight's helmet has the 
vizor up, an esquire's has it down. 

ViURE, Wiure, or fVyer. These terms, according to several 
authorities, signify a very narrow fillet, generally nebuly, which 
may be placed in bend, in fess, or otherwise. We can point to 
but one instance of such a bearing, viz. the arms of Haidon, or 
Hatdon, of Devon: argent, three bars gemels azure, on a 
chief gules a viure or. This is probably nothing but a wide line 
nebuly. 

Vizor. See Visor. 

Voided: having the middle removed so that the field is 
visible through it; thus a lozenge voided 
becomes a mascle, a plain chevron voided 
is the same as two couple-closes, and a 
voided bend the same as a pair of cottises. 

Azure, a chevron engrailed, voided, or. 
Dudley, Berks and Bucks. 

In this example it will be noticed that 
the voiding is plain, though the outer edge 
of the chevron is engrailed. Such is ever the case with an ordi- 
nary whose outer edge is formed by any of the lines of partition, 
except dancett^, nebuly, and wavy. It should also be noticed 
that by the shading alone is this example to be distinguished 
from a chevron engrailed surmounted by another, plain. 

Argent, a cross voided and double cottised^ sable, within a 
border or. Bromholme Priort, Norf. 

A cross or saltire (or indeed any ordinary) voided and couped, 

^ The following yisiUtions exist in 1623. WilU, and 1623, Somerset, 

print : — also printed at Middle HilL 

1575. Durham, ed. by N. J. Philip- 1663. Middx. pr. at Salisbury, 1820. 

son, esq. Sir N. H. Nicolas has printed an Index 

1615. Durham, ed. by Sir C. Sharp, to the Visitations which exist in MS. in 

and J. B. Taylor, esq. the British Museum, etc. 

1619. Cambridgeshire, pr. by Sir T. ' This looks like three voided crosses, 

Phillipps, at Middle HilL one within another. 




VOIDED— WALES. 



321 



differs essentially from one cotgted and voided, as the latter is en- 
closed at the ends, while the former is open. 
Voided per cross, is said of an oma- 
mented cross, voided in the form of a plain 



"W 



Voided per pale. The figure shews a 
cross so voided. 

Voided throughout. See Cross moUne 
sarcelled. 

VoiDZBS : diminutives of Flanches, which see. 

Vol : a pair of wings conjoined in lure, which is the more 
general term. Demi-vol signifies a single wing. 

YoLAHT : flying bendways towards the dexter. The position 
of birds so borne may be distinguished from rising, by their legs 
being drawn up towards their bodies. 

Diversely volant: fiying about indiscriminately. See the 
arms of Bowe, p. 61. 

VoLUTBD. See Szrpentb. 

VoRANT : devouring or swallowing whole. See the arms of 
James, p. 115. 

Ydlned: wounded and bleeding. When 
an animal is wounded with an arrow, 
the arrow should not pierce through the 
animal : the proper term in that case is 
transfixed. 

Vert, a lion rampant argent, vulned 
on the shoulder proper, Bdlbkck. 

VcLNiNO herself. See Pelican. 



•AKE'S KNOT. See Knots. 

Wales, Armorial intigma of. Quarterly gules 
and or, four lions passant gardant counter- 
changed. Upon the seal of Owen Glendwyr 
(1404] the lions are rampant. 

Tt 



322 



WALES— WATER-BOUGET. 



These insignia^ though commonly taken for those of Wales 
generally, properly belong to South Wales only. Those (^ 
North Wales are argent, three lions passant gardant in pale 
gulesj their tails passed between their hind legs and reflected 
over their backs. (MS. Harl. 4199.) 

Crest. A greyhound or, upon a cradle sable "^. 

Badges. See Badob, p. 89. 

Prince of Wales. See Coeonxt, and Feathers. 

Walled : masoned and embattled. 

Wallet. See Scrip. 

War-CRT. See Cai dx Guerre. 

Warden-pear. See Pear. 

Warriatxd. See Champagne. 

Wassail-bowl. This does not differ in armoury from 
an ordinary bowl, but is allusively borne in the following 
coat. 

Gules, (?) on a bend sable, three wassail-bowls or. Christ- 
mas, East Sutton, Kent. 

WasteLj or WasteUcake: a round cake of bread. It is 
usually blazoned a manchet. 

Water. This element was of old generally represented, as it 
is often still, (see Fountain,) by the bearing called barry wavy^ 
but many modem artists have drawn it in imitation of 
nature. 

Water-bouget : a yoke with two pouches of leather ap* 
pended to it, formerly used for the conveyance of water to an 
army. It has been differently drawn at different periods, as the 



^ This crest seems to refer to the fol- 
lowing legend. " Llewelyn the Great 
came to reside at Bedgellert [Caernar- 
vonshire] during the season of hunting, 
with his wife and children, and one day, 
the family heing ahsent, a wolf entered 
the house. On the prince's return, his 
greyhound met him covered with hlood ; 
Llewelyn, heing alarmed ran into the 
nursery, and found the cradle in which 
the child had lain overturned, and the 



ground covered with blood. Supposing 
that the greyhound had killed the child, 
he immediately drew his sword and slew 
him; but upon turning the cradle, he 
found the child alive and the wolf dead. 
He was so affected, that he erected a 
tomb over the grave of his favourite dog ; 
and upon this spot the parish church 
was afterwards built, and called from this 
accident, Bedd QiUart, or the Grave of 
Kill Hart.*' 



n 




WATER-BOUGET— WEATHER-COCK. 323 

figures^ which (indepen- 
dently of the last) are 
arranged in something 
like chronological order^ 
will shew. Many more 
slight varieties of form 
might be given. 

Gnles^ a water-bouget 
argent. Delamore. 

Or, a water-bouget 
sable. Johnson. 

Sable, a water-bonget 
argent. Wytton. 

Oules^ three water- 
bongets argent. Ross, 

Roos, or Rons. 

Argent, a pair of dossers (or a water- 
bouget, like fig. 6) sable, hooped or. 
Banistbr. 

Wattlbd: applied to the gills of the 
dunghill-cock, the heath-cock, and the 
turkey. 

Wavy, or Undi: one of the lines of division, generally repre- 
senting water. 

Argent, a bend sable. 
Wallop, (anciently Wel- 
HOP,) Hants. This repre- 
sents the river Welhope, 
from which the surname is 
taken. 

Ermine, three bars wavy 
gules. Lact. 
Barry wavy of six, argent and gules. Basset, Letc, 
Wear. See Weir. 

Weather-cock, or Vane. The arms ascribed to Henry 
Fitz-Alwyn, first mayor of London, and Roger Fitz-Alwyn 






324 



WEATHER-COCK— WELL. 






his sucoesaor, are gules, on a saltire argent, 
between four weather-cocks, (the supporters 
and yanes of the second, the cross crosslets 
or,) five martlets of the field. In Stow's Sur- 
vey the weather-cocks are drawn like the 
figure in the margin''. 

Wedge, or Stone-bill. 

Or, three wedges (or nails?) sable. 
Pboctor, Narf. 

Vert, three wedges (or nails?) argent. 
IsHAM, Northumb. 

WsEL, or FUh-toheel : a contrivance to 
catch fish. 

Or, a chevron between two weels, 
(like fig. 1,) sable. Folborne, or Fole- 

BARNE. 

Argent, a chevron ermine, between 
three weels^ (like fig. 2,) their hoops 
upwards, vert. Willey, or Wyl- 

LEY. 

Weir, Wear, or Haie: a dam, or fence 
against water, formed of stakes interlaced 
by twigs of osier. 

Argent, a weir vert. Zoryis of that 
Ilk, Scotland. 

Welke, or Whelk: a shell-fish, borne 
by several branches of the Shelley family, 
and some others. 

Sable, a fess engrailed between three 
whelk-shells or. Shelley, Sussex, 

Well. This is some- 
times borne as in the 
figure, although the roun- 
dle called a fountain, is an 

" This coat, it may be remarked, looks the sixteenth century than of the end of 
much more like one of the beginning of the twelfth. 






WELL— WHEEL. 



325 




heraldic representation of the same things and is accordingly 
borne by Weller^ as well as by a branch of the family mentioned 
below. 

Oules^ three wells argent. Crest^ a well gules. Hadiswell, 

or HODESWELL. 

Square wells also occur. 
Well-bucket. See Bucket. 
Welted. See Edged. 
Wervels. See Varvells. 
Whale. 

Gules^ three whales haurient in fess or^ yorant as many 
crosiers of the last. Whalley Abbet^ Lane, 

Argent^ three whales' heads erased, lying fess- 
wise, two and one^ sable. Cresty a whale's head, 
as in the arms. Whallbt, Whalley, Lane. 
Wharbow-spindle. See Fusil, (fig. 2.) 
Wheat, Big, This appears to be only an old 
and provincial name for barley. 

Azure, two ears of big-wheat (or bigg) in fess, 
stalked and bladed or, were the arms of Ralph 
BiGLAND, (afterwards) Garter, to whom they were 
granted or confirmed Feb. 21, 1760. 

Guinea-wheat is another sort of bearded wheat, nearly resem- 
bling the last. The arms of Oraindoroe, (de Orano-hordei,) 
lAnc.f etc., are usually blazoned azure, three ears of guinea- 
wheat couped and bladed or, but it is sufficiently evident firom 
the name that barley is the grain intended. 
Wheat-sheaf. See Garbe. 
Wheel, or Cart-wheel, usually of eight spokes. 

Gides, a wheel of 
eight spokes or. Mae- 
tejots. 
Fi8h-wheeL SccWeel. 
Katherine-wheel : the 
instrument of the mar- 
tyrdom of S. Kathe- 
rine. 






826 WHEEL— WIURE. 

Azure, a Katherine-wheel or. Bblvoik, or Bbtbk, 
Also Wythebton. 

Whirlpool. See Oubgbs. 

Whistle, Boatswain's: a charge in the arms of Baron Hawke. 

White. This word may be used instead of ai^ent for the 
lining of mantles, which are not generally taken for cloth of 
silver, but a pure white fur, which some call the litvit's skin. 
White is commonly used in painting for argent or silyer. 

Whittal's head. See Heads. 

Wild-man. See Savage. 

Windmills, and Windmill^aUs, occur in armoury. They 
may be expected to vary at different times and even in dif- 
ferent examples of the same date. 

Or, on a mount vert, a windmill sable. Sampson. 

Windsor herald. See Heralds. 

Wine-piercer, or Wine- broach. 

Argent, a chevron azure, between three wine- 
piercers of the last, screws or. Butler, Sussex. 

Wings. When the head of a bird is borne (as it often is) 
between or before a pair of wings, the latter are those that pro- 
perly belong to the bird whose head accompanies them ; but if 
the head of a beast, or any other charge, as a cross or spur, be 
borne between wings, they are always understood to be those of 
the eagle, unless the words of blazon direct otherwise. 

A pair of wings with the tips down- 
wards are said to be conjoined in lure. 
If the tips are upwards, the wings are 
said to be conjoined and elevated. 

Single wings are also borne. Gules, 
three (dexter?) wings elevated argent are 
the arms of Newport. 

Winnowino-baskbt. See Vane. 

WiSALLS, or Wisomes : the green tops of carrots, turnips, and 
other edible roots: an obsolete or provincial word used by 
Bandle Holme. 

Wittal. See Whittal. 

WiuRK. See ViURE. 





WIVERN— WREATH. 



337 



WivBBK, or Ifiwron. See Wyve«n. 

Wolf. 

Gnlea, a woJf • passant ardent. Lowi, 
Wiiig, etc. 

For R too/f « A«a</ see Ekabid. 

Marine woff: the seal. 

Woman's head. See Hiads, 

Wood. See Hurst. 

Wood-bill. See Bill. 

Wood-man. See Savads. 

WooL-CAED : an instmmeiit used for 
combiug wool. 

Sable, three wool-cards, teeth outwards, 
or. Cabdinoton. 

See also Stock-cabd. 

WooL-coHB, or Jertey-comb. 

Sable, three wool-combs orgeat. Bbom- 

LET. 

WooL-MCK, or Wool-tack, 

Azure, (some say gales,) a wool-pack 
argent. The Company of Wool-packzks, 
London. 

Yert, a wool-pack corded argent. 
Staple's Inn, London. 

Word. See Motto. Words are occasionally used as 
charges, though oftener in Italian and Spanish heraldry than 
in English. See also Lettibs. 

Wound. See Golfi. 

Wodwded. See Vulnbd. 

Wbaffed. See Entblofed. 

Wreath : the twisted garland by which the crest is joined to 
the helmet. It was perhaps copied by the crusaders from the 
wreathed turbans of the Saracens. The first noticed by Sir 
S. B. Meyrick is that of Sir John de Harsich, 1384. 

o InoldFiench Ian, WolTeiorthnr nuncdWolfe, Wo1rcrtan,«U.>bDt*1*abj 
hcadi *ra boma not oalj b; tjunilin Lord, Lotct, Lowth, Lupton, etc 




328 



WREATH— WYN. 




Wreaths should always shew an equal number of divisions^ 
(now restricted to six,) which are usually tinctured with the 
principal metal and colour of the arms alternately p. Every 
crest is understood to be placed upon a wreath, unless a cha- 
peau or some coronet be expressly mentioned. (See the crest 
of Moore infra.) 

A circular wreath is the same as the 
above, but viewed from a different 
point. 

Azure, a circular wreath argent and 
sable, with four hawks' bells joined 
thereto in quadrature, or. Jocblyn, 
Essex. 

For another circular wreath see Har- 
row. See also Hatband, as borne by Bury. 

Wreathed: encircled with a wreath, 
as the head in the crest of Moore, or 
More, which is, — on a wreath argent and 
sable, a moor's head in profile couped, 
proper, wreathed or, and of the second. 

Savages are frequently wreathed 
about the temples and loins with ivy, 
etc. 

Ordinaries are occasionally wreathed. 
Argent, a fess wreathed (or tortiU) azure 
and gules, is borne by Carmichael. 
Some say a wreath in fess throughout. 
Argent, a cross wreathed gules and azure, 
(or rather a fess wreathed gules and 
azure, depressed by a pale wreathed as 
the fess,) is borne by Seresby. 

Wyn : a vane or little flag. See Vane. 




"V'^'Y "V^ ^ ^"i 




P Sir George Mackenzie would have 
them to consist of all the tinctares of the 
arms, heginning with the field, and pro- 
ceeding with the immediate charge and 



80 forth. He eren includes the red claws 
of an eagle in the number, and considers 
ermine as axgent and sable. 



WYVERN— YOEK HERALD. 



Wytebn, [Sax. UJivere: a serpent:] 
an imaginary creature resembling the 
dragon, but having only tvo legs, which 
are like an eagle's. 

Argent, a wyrem, wings endorsed, 
gnles. Deakz, of Aahx, Devon. (Bart. 
1660.) 

Argent, on a bend sable, between two 
lions rampant of the last, a wyvem volant, 
in bend of the field, langued gales. 

RODINOB. 

There are instances of wyvems with 
their tails nowed after the manner of the 
Sehpent, fig. 1. 



ARD-MBASURE, or Meamrmg-yta-eL 
Gules, a chevron be- r—--~--:r———~. 
^ tween three yard-mea- 

sores erect or. Yard, Devonthire. 
Ya&n, Qwtf qf. See Quill. 






Yellow is sometimes employed in paintings as a substitate 
for gold. See Ob. 

Yndb, or Itide. See Azube. 

ToKB, or Double ox-yoke; 
part of the crest of the Scottish 
family of Hay. The first figure t 
is copied firom a MS. c. 1680; 
the second is later. 

YoBK, Sote of: a white rose. 

YoBK herald. See Heralds. 



ZODIAC— ZULE. 



3 ODIAC. See Sphbee, Celestial. 

Zdle : a cheas rook : so called in the coat of 
f^ ZuLEisTEiN (gules, three zoles argent, a label of 
three points of the last,) borne on an eacntcheon surtout by the 
earla of Bochford. 



ADDENDA & GORRiaENDA. 



A1.BBONB, or AUUet. See Ehebawks. 

P. 0. Allseion. The amu of tbe duohj of LosrjUKS, (01, on k bend 
gules, (hree alleriona argent,) are uid to hkte originated &om the drcum- 
■tMic« of Oodfiej of Boulogne, duke of Lorraine, shooting tliree allerions witb 
sn arrow from a tower at Jenualem " upon the direction of a prophetick pei- 
(on, who had thereupon prophesied hii success, which acoordingly happened." 
A fur more probable suppodtfon is, that the arms were iolended as a pun 
upon the natne of the dnchy. 

F. 10. Aktklope. Wo take thii opportunit; 
of introducing a more saiislactorj lepresentalion of 
the heraldic antelope. 

Sable, an antelope salient ai^ent, attired, nn- 
guled, tufl^d, and maned or. Habbis, 3foMM. 
and Devon. 

P. 13. Abked. The proper tenn for claws, 
talons, and hoofs, is tingled, which is however 
seldom used with reference to the two former. 

P. 31. Abh9, Rnyal. Hbnbt V. SupporUrt. Two antelopes are also 
mentioned. 

P.M. ■ , Uabt. Supporter*. Add 'or an eagle and a 

dragon.' 

P. 36. . Gbobob I. A while horse was the enrign of the 

ancient Saxons, from which are derived the arms here mentioned, as well as 
those of the county of Kkni: gules, a horse salient argent. The gigantic 
while horse formed hj the remocal of the tnrf from the side of a hill near 
Lamboum, Berks, is supposed to be a memorial of a Tit^iy orer the Dance 
in the year 871. 

P. 28, note a. , For ' a raised ' read ' raised a,' 

P. 33, AzcBE. Being of Eastem origin, [Jrai, Lazur, or Lazuli,] this 
term was in all probability introduced by the crusaden. 

B. In heraldic memoranda and sketches, this letter is the sign of 
Blue, as A is of Argent. 

P. 33. Badob. SIk I^oiui d ^laitiagtntt Stephen. For 'vis' read 'vt.' 

. RicHiKD I. The star issuant from between the horns of 

a crescent, was (as it still is) an emblem borne by the Turks, and assumed bj 
King Richard in token of his rictories over them. The arms of the Cheshire 
bmilj of Minshull (see Chron. Table, an. 1101) and those of the town of 
Portsmouth, (az. an esloile of eight points issuing from a orescent or,) are 
■aid to have been granted by this king. The anus of Batbhan (or, three 
stars issuing dota as many crescents gules) and Winn (different in tincture 




332 ADDENDA & CORRIGENDA. 

odIj, the field being sable, the charges argent) may probably be referred 
to a similar origin, as may also the ensign of the town of Ilcbesteb : a star 
of sixteen points between the horns of a crescent. 

P. 34. Badge. ^ ICinc oC XamasUr. The columbine flower. 

p. 35. . Henbt V. His coronation robes were powdered with 

golden roses. 

— . . For ' An antelope,' read * A white antelope.^ 

p. 40. . For much additional information respecting the royal 

and other badges, see Coll. Top. and Geneal. iii. 60 et seq., and also Betrosp. 
Renew, 2nd series, i. 302; ii. 156, 614, 618. 

P. 42. Bamnbb. Read, *■ that of a nobleman of any rank from marquess 
to baron, three feet. That of a banneret was still smaller.' 

In the quotation from Ariosto, for ' pou,' read * pon.' 

P 44. Babnacle, or Bamack-ffooae, In the roll temp. Edw. II. these 
birds are called '' Bemakt," 

P. 45. B ABNACLE, Horse-hamacUj or Pair of Bar- 
nackt. The most celebrated instance of the barnacle 
expanded is the coat of the illustrious French £unily 
of Joinville, or as the Englbh called it, Genevile. 
The arms of Geffrey de Genetile are thus blazoned 
in the roll of Hen. III. '*D'azure, a trois breys d'or, 
au cheif d'ermyne ung demy lion de goules." 

. Babon. For * The word . . . John,' read, * The title, introduced 

into England at the Conquest, was originally applied to all the feudal lords 
under the rank of earl, who held great fiefs of several knights' fees ; but was 
subsequently restricted to those summoned by writ to parliament, a practice 
which dates from the reign of John. Besides the barons of England, Hugh 
Lupus and his successors, as sovereign earls of Chester, had barons of their 
own county palatine, who sat in their parliament, and one, at least, of whose 
families, Venables, baron of Kinderton, retained the title long after the earldom 
merged in the crown.' 

P. 46. Babomets. For ' but in all . . . omitted,' read, ' This privilege was 
abolished by George IV., but has since been restored.' 

P. 61 . Beabino. For ' portoit,' read * porte.' 

Beckit: a bird resembling a Cornish chough. See the Chron. 
Tableau. 1162. 

P. 62. Belt, Half. The buckle has long been used by the Pelhams as a 
badge or cognizance, but the augmentation here mentioned was not allowed 
to them until early in the seventeenth century. They are also said to have 
occasionally borne the buckle, together with a cage, as a crest. In explanation 
of the seemingly contradictory accounts of King John's captor, we may add 
(in the words of Collins) that ** he yielded himself to Sir Dennis Morbeck, a 
knight of Artois, in the English service, and being afterwards forc'd from him, 
more than ten knights and esquires challeng'd the taking of the king. Among 
these Sir Roger la Warr and the before-mentioned John de Pelham, were most 
concerned; and in memory of so signal an action, and the king surrendering 



ADDENDA & CORRIGENDA. 333 

his sword to them, Sir Roger la Warr, lord la Warr, had the crampet, [q. y. p. 
92.] or chape of his sword, for a hadge of that hoDour ; and John de Pelham 
(afterwards knighted) had the buckle of a belt as a mark of the same honour." 

Several other interesting particulars relating to the Pelham buckle are given 
by Mr. Lower, Curiosities of Heraldry, pp. 145, and 170. 

P. 52. Bend. The instance quoted by Sandford is not a bend, but a bend- 
let Bends, strictly speaking, were never used as marks of cadency. Neither is 
there any reason to believe that bends were not borne until 1310. In the 
famous ScBOPE and Gbosvenob controversy, both families asserted that they 
had borne azure, a bend or, from the Conquest Another claimant, Cabminow 
of Cornwall, endeavoured to prove that his family had borne the yeiy same 
arms ever since the days of King Arthur! 

P. 64. Bend sinisteb. 

Argent, a bend sinister gules. Bizzet, Scotland, 

According to Nisbet, bends sinister were formerly much borne in Scotland, 
but have generally been changed to dexter bends of late, from a mistaken 
notion that they betokened illegitimacy. 

P. 65. Bendt, Bendy paly. The arms of Buck, Bart, are sometimes 
blazoned and depicted (as by Gibbon, Lat bias. p. 64.) bendy pily (incerto 
numero) o. and b. a canton ermine. 

Bebnak. See Babnacle, or Bamack-goose, supra. 

P. 66. Bezant^. Richard, king of the Romans, laid aside his paternal 
arms and assumed those here mentioned, which he sometimes bore upon the 
breast of the imperial eagle. They are the feudal arms of his earldom of 
PoiGTOU, with a bordure derived from the feudal arms of the county of 
CoBNWALL, which are sable, fifkeen bezants, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1. The extent to which 
bezants, (upon sable,) red lions, and imperial eagles are borne by families 
connected with Cornwall is perfectly surprising. A considerable number ot 
instances has been collected by Mr. Lower, (Curiosities of Heraldry, Appen- 
dix B.) and there are doubtless many others. 

P. 61. Block-bbush. For ' the knee-holly of monastic,* etc. read ' knee- 
holy.' 

BoAB. See also Gbice, Mabcassin, and Sanolieb. 

P. 62. BoBDUBE. For ' company,* read ' compony.' A bordure compony 
has of late often been imposed as a mark of illegitimacy, in cases where a 
natural son, on the absence or failure of legitimate heirs, has succeeded by 
bequest to the estates of his father, and become the representative of the family. 

P. 64 (and 197.) Bouchieb's Knot. Read * Bourchier.' 

Bout. See Wateb-bouoet. "Tres boutz," (gules in a field 
argent,) are the arms of Tbusbut. 

Bbets {Broye$P): horse-barnacles. (Roll. Hen. III.) 

P. 66. Bbigandine. Dele the entire sentence. 

P. 66. BucKXE. Those borne by Stukeley seem to be garter-huekltt. 

P. 67. Cadency, Mark* of. A short but curious treatise on ancient dif- 
ferences, compiled by Sir Edward Dering (created a baronet in 1629) and 
partly exemplified by the arms of the several branches of his own family, was 



334 ADDENDA ft CORRIGENDA. 

Unt printed in Mr. Lower's CuriositieB of Heraldry, (Appendix A) Other 
remarkable instances* from the fiunilies of Beauchamp^ and Zouche, are men- 
tioned in the body of that work, pp. 44, 46. There are treatises on the 
subject of cadency, by Sir Will. Dugdale, and Alex. Nisbet 
P. 71. note p. Cat, Cardinur$. For * 1266,' read * 1246/ 

P. 72. Capausok. For * Edward Orouchback,' read * Edmund Crouchback.' 

**J. eofvrtara |mr J. ehi^ dat mnam dm Hn«ft>rd." loTcntor^ of the gooda of Hampfarej d« 
BohaD, Mrl ofHarafbrd and Bmmk, 18SS. (Arch. Joani. U. S49.) 

P. 78. note e. Chibf. For * A chief argent, charged with a cross gfules,' 
read ^ A chief gules, charged with a croes argent.' 
Climakt. See CLTiCAinr. 

P. 82. note b. College of Abmb. This is the coat, with a variation in the 
tinctures, of John Wrtthe, who was Garter when the college was incorporated, 
and whose descendants, (having assumed the name of Wriothesley,) became eails 
of Southampton. ** Having," says Noble, '* no paternal arms, he took azure, 
a cross or, between four/a(coiu argent, in memory of his having been^ Falcon 
herald." 

P. 83. Comb. Gules, a chevron between three combs argent, are the arms 
of PoNsoraT, Cumb, and Irdand^ whose ancestor accompanied the expedition 
of William the Norman. One of the family being appointed barber to the 
king of England, assumed the above arms. 

CoNCHE : a term sometimes applied to the dolphin, denoting that it 
is curved, the head being bent round towards the tail. 

P. 86. CoEDON. After ' bestowed a cordon,' add * or lace,' etc. 

OoBUORANT. This bird is borne by the name of Warburton. Being 
sometimes called a Levety it forms a portion of the insignia of Liverpool, which 
are also borne (as an augmentation) by the earl of that town. 

P. 86. CoBNiBH Chough. For * Clarenceux,' read *" Garter.' 

P. 87. CoEONET. I. Prince of Wales. Edward son of Richard III. is re- 
corded to have worn *'a demy crown" on the day of his father's coronation at 
York. He was that day created prince of Wales. For * in February 1660,' 
read * February 9, 166?.' 

P. 89. COUCHANT. 

Gules, a lion coucbant, between six cross crosslets, three in chief, and as 
many in base, argent. Tynte, Somtrzet. 

Sable, six liuncels coucbant coward argent, 3, 2, 1 . Bateman, Essex, 

P. 90. Couktee-chanoed. The aims of S. Bartholomew's Hospital, are 
identical with those of the family of Lawson of Cumberland^ (hart 1688.) 
They are also ascribed to the name of Londees. 

P. 92. Cram pet. The reason of the assumption of this badge by the 
family of carl De la Warr, is mentioned under Belt, Halfy (p. 332 supra.) 

P. 93. note 1. Crest. Bead * harry of six or and azure . . . over all an 
inescutcheon argent.' 

P. 94. Cri db Guebbe. ' Mom jote Saint Denis.' Such is the explana- 
tion given of the motto of the Kings of France by a modem writer, but it is 
unquestionably wrong. Mont Joy, or Monte Gioia, is an eminence in Pales- 



ADDENDA & CORRIGENDA. 



335 



tine, from which European pilgrims caught the first glimpse of the Holy City. 
There was an order of knights called after this hill, upon which they erected a 
castle for the defence of pilgrims. It may he added, that Montjoy was the 
designation of the principal king of arms of the French. ' Slughoins ;' rather 
' Slogans.' 

P. 97. Cbobs. For ' Shbtton,' read ' Shblton.' 

. — , Croii anchofid. The cross patonce has heen termed anerie 

et poinUe hy some French writers. 

p. 98. , Crou crouUt. (For ^ CratUt; tet^ ' CrouUt:) The cross- 
lets were no douht added to the ancient anna of Beauchamp as a distinction, 
or mark of cadency, just as other hranches of that fiunily added hillets, mart- 
lets, (q. T.) trefoils slipped, mullets, and pears ; (of each six.) The crosslets, 
although traditionally said to commemorate an expedition to the Holy Land, 
would rather seem to have been taken from the supposititious arms of 
'* RoQAN Lord of Warwike, who lived in the rayn of Kinge Allured,*' (see 
Account of the Abbey Church of Dorchester, p. 109.) viz. gules, crusilly or. 
It should be added that in many ancient representations of the arms of 
Beauchamp, including the tombs at Warwick, and some encaustic tiles 
before the altar of Gloucester cathedral, the crosses are not crosslets, but 
botonnees. 

P. 99. — . CSrois degraded and amjained. The coat here given with 
the name of Wyntworth, is in truth that of Woodhoube, sometimes blazoned 
argent, a cross pattee fixed sable, as upon p. 102. A Wentworth married the 
heiress of William de Wodehouse of Wodehouse, (afterwards called Went- 
worth- Woodhouse,) CO. York, which long continued the prindpal seat of the 
Wentworths. 

P. 100. . CrouJUwry. For « Camh: read ' Cvmh: 

' ' Crois of S. Julian. Read * saltiiewise. Argent, such 

a cross sable, is borne by the family of Julian.' 

P. 104. . A cross of veiy singular 

character forms part of the insignia of the town of 
E[eyte8Bubt, Wilts, represented in the annexed 
cut The tinctures are not known. 

P. 106. Crown, King of Arms, The crown at 
present worn by the kings of arms was appointed 
subsequently to the Restoration. The oak-leaves 
refer to the preservation of King Charles II. in an 
oak, after the battle of Worcester. 

P. 109. Cbucilt. 

Gules, crusUly or: Bohan, lord of Warwick, 
crosslety supra. 




See Gboss 



Cup. The annexed figure of a covered cup is taken 

from the tomb of Johan le Botiler, in S. Bride's church, Gla- 
morganshire, circa 1290. (v. Arch. Joum. ii. 383.) 

Daunoelbt : a bar daneette. 

Dehach]^. See Dismsmbbbi). 




336 



ADDENDA & CORRIGENDA. 



P. 112. Delf. This bearing is sometimes drawn in the form of the 
gad (see p. 145.) borne bj the Ironmongers. 

P. 113. DIA.PBB, * Some species . . . fretty.* Add 'as that on the tomb 
of Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford, in the church of Hatfield-Broad-Oak, Essex, 
(Stothard's Mon. Eff. pi. p. 34.) which is blazoned by Hejlin as *' a quarter of 
France fiettj." Both fret and flowers are nothing but diapering.' 

P. 1 14. Displayed. For ' MouTHSKMEm/ r^ * Montuebmeiu' 

P. 1 19. Eabl. For « GraTe,' read * Graf.' 

P. 12K EMBBASSEt, otherwise Ailette$y or Alerotu. 

"Uy. yt&n d0 alattM das vmm U Coouim d« fiardbrd." Int antoty of Uie goods of HnmplirBj 
do Bohon, oorl of Hoioted Mid Imox. ISll. ( Aiek. Joun. tt. 349.) 

P. 122. Encbpp£. Add, 'e. g. the monkeys supporting the arms of the 
duke of Leinster, which have reference to a family legend.' 

P. 128. EscAmBouci.B. The escarboucle, or rather escarhunde^ was 
orif^nally nothing but an ornamental appendage to the shield, or rather, 
perhaps, a part of its very construction. Its name seems to imply that it was 
commonly adorned with a jewel in the centre. The protuberances in the 
spokes were doubtless bosses or rirets. The arms giren under this head as 
those of Anjou, are not so, although painted as such upon queen Elizabeth's 
tomb at Westminster. The true arms of that province will be found under 
LiONCBL. The escarbunde baring been mistaken in later times for a charge, 
was assigned as such to a famUy named Thobnton, (arg. on a bend gu. three 
escarbuncles or) unless, indeed, the supposed escarbundes in these arms are in 
reality wheels of some kind, perhaps Katherine-wheels. 

In the quotation from Chaucer, for ' charbonde,' read * charboucle.' 

P. 130. EsToiLE. The points, howeyer many, of estoiles should all be 
wavy. If it be not an error to draw them otherwise, it is at least an acddental 
▼ariation. 

Azure, an estoile of sixteen points, or. Huitbon, CUashy, Yorkthire. 

P. 133. Feathebs. The woodcut was copied from the Primer, London, 
R. Grafton, Aug. 17, 1546, S^. The coronet is anomalous, not being princely 
but ducal. 

P. 135. Fetlock, or Fetterlock, Dele 'and 
Look.' 

Argent, a heart gules, within a fetter-lock sable. 
LocKHABT, Scotland, 

A lion's head erased or, within a fetterlock of the 
last, is the crest of Wykdham, earl of EgremonU 
The semicircular part of this fetterlock is generally 
represented as a chain, but sometimes counter-oom- 
pone or and azure. 

P. 137. FiTCH^, Double, Gules, a cross 
double fitched afgent, is a coat existing at 
Quomdon, Leicestershire. It is not known to 
what &mily it belongs. (See Nichols's Leicester- 
shire, ii. pi. 16. p. 107.) 




ADDENDA & CORRIGENDA. 



337 



C 



P. 143< FaANGB, Label of. For * Henry II,' read < Henry III/ 
Ftlfot; a veiy ancient figure of some 
unknown mystic signification. See Waller's Brasses, 
an. 1370. 

Argent, a chevron between three fylfots gules. 
Leonard Ohambeblayve, of Yorkshire, (MS. HarL 
1394.) 

P. 146. Gabbb. For ^ Gbostebnob,' read ' Gbob- 

TEHOB.' 

p. 149. GiLLT-FiiOWBB. For * Gilofre,* read * Girofle.* 

P. 150. GoLPE. The Spanish word for a blow or wound. 

P. 152. Gbidibon. The company of Giedlbbs of ^ 
London bears the following device, which was granted 
in 1454 : per fess azure and or, a pale counterchanged, 
and three gridirons of the second. 

. Gbjffin. a male griffin was the sinister 




supporter of Carey, lord Hunsdou. 

P. 154. GuzE. Guz is Turkish for an eye. 

P. 155. Gybonnt. Gyronny of eight engrailed, or 
and sable, is borne by a branch of the family of Gamp- 
bell. The points of the engrailing must be towards 
the dexter. 

P. 169. Inveoted. Gules, a pale invected argent, is borne by the Scot- 
tish family of Veck, no doubt in allusion to their name. 

P. 170. Ibeland, Insignia of. Mr. G. Chalmers (Caledonia, ii. 463.) 
says that the commission temp. Edward IV. found the arms of Ireland to be 
three crowns in pale. Some writers fancy that these three crowns were 
abandoned at the Reformation, from a supposition that they denoted the 
feudal sovereignty of the pope, and that the king of England was lord of Ire- 
land as his vassal. Three harps occur as the arms of Ireland upon certain 
coins of Elizabeth, A.D. 1561. 

The subject of the arms of Ireland is discussed in the Gent. Mag. June 
1845. p. 603. 

P. 171. Jessant-de-lis. A recent author has conjectured that the 
leopard's head jessant-de-lis is merely a combination of the lion of England 
with the fleur-de-lis of France, and that the bearing originated in the wars 
under King Edward III. It is however believed that the arms of Cantelupe 
are of earlier appropriation. 

P. 174. Kings of Abms, Clarenceux. The locality of Clarence having 
been disputed, it is thought advisable to add the following testimony to the 
account given in the text 

** Nor did thk Lionel [of Antwerp, third ion of Edw. III.] aeqnire only the earldom of Ulster, 
in the kingdom of Ireland, with Elisabeth de Burgh his [first] wife, bat having also with hot the 
hononr of Clare in the coantjr of Soflblk, as parcel of the inheritance of her grandmother, Eliia* 
beth (the sister and coheir of the last earl, Gilbert de Clare) was in a parliament held anno 1362, 
in the 86th /ear of Edward the Third, [Sept. 15,] created dnke of Clarence, as it were of the conntrj 
abont the town, castle, and hononr of Clare, from which dntchjr ttie name of Clarenceanz (being 

X X 



338 ADDENDA & CORRIGENDA. 

tbe title of the king of arms for tho loath, eut, and wwt parti of Baglaad, on tkb tide Tient) i« 
dsriTed."— Sandford, Geneal. Hist. 1707, p. 22S. 

p. 175. , UUter, For * 155f; read ' 165J.' 

. note b. — — Add * but others say gules only.' 

P. 176. Knights. Bachelor, It is believed that simple knighthood by 
the imposition of the sword is now only conferred in Great Britain. 

p. 188. John of Jermalem^ etc. For * Vitubo,' read * Viterbo.* 

p, 193. Round Table, An elaborate dissertation, by Edw. 

Smirke, esq., on the round table preserved at Winchester, will be found in the 
Proceedings of the Arch. Inst, at Winchester, 1845. To another paper in the 
same volume. Prof. Cockerell's memoir of the works of Will, of Wykeham, 
(p. 2,) we are indebted for an explanation of the statement concerning the 
circular hall erected by Edw. III. This statement is traceable to a misinter- 
pretation, by Ashmole, of a passage in Tho. Walsingham, whose domus ** qute 
rotunda tabula vocaretur" is in all probability none other than the existing 
circular keep of Windsor castle. The diameter of this structure is only about 
100 ft., but it *' was doubtless," says the professor, ^ surrounded with an out- 
work which completed the diameter of 200 ft." 

. . Roiftd Oak, For *by Ashmole,' read *in a MS. of 

Peter Le Neve, Norroy.' The list has been printed in Burke*s Commoners, 
vol. i. Appendix, p. 688. 

Lateb. a kind of sea-weed, occurring in the arms of the town of 
Liverpool. 

P. 213. Marshalunq. For ' Chastillion,' read * Chastillon.' 

P. 216. ■ An earlier instance than that quoted of quartered 

arms borne by a subject, is mentioned in the Archaeological Journal, vol. ii. 
p. 343. It is indeed anterior to the adoption of the practice by any English 
king. 

** j. aatre [qaintepoiat, i. e. quilt,] qixartol6 dei arme« Dengleterre et de Hereford." InTentory 
of the goodi of Hamplirey de Bohon, earl of Hereford and Enez, 1322. 

P. 218. Mabti^et : the martin. 

« _— — The guest of mmmer, 
The Temple^haanting martlet." Shalupere, (Macbeth.) 

P. 219. Mascle. Before * De Quinoy/ insert * Roger.' 
Midas. See Heads, Satyr*s, 

P. 235. OrrEB. For * Lutre/ read * Loutre.' 

P. 244. Pennon. As an example of a pennon borne by a knight bachelor, 
see the brass of Sir John d'Abemoun, in Waller, and Arch. Joum. i. 209. 

Pennonoellb. The family of Bbomley Staff, and Warw, bears 

for a crest a demi-lion argent issuing from a ducal coronet, and holding a pen- 
noncelle gules charged with a lion passant gardant or, the staff of the last 
This represents the standard of Guyenne, which Sir John Bromley recovered 
at the battle of Corby, 4^ Hen. V. (Dugdale's Warwicksh., p. 163.) Per- 
haps it should be termed a standard ^ but this is of little consequence, as 
the shape is precisely the same as that of a pennoncelle. 



ADDENDA & CORRIGENDA. 339 

P. 246. Phsndc. 

Gules, a phoenix argent, in flames proper. Fenwigk, of that Ilk, Scotland, 

P. 253. PoBfSGRAKATE. The ensign of the town of Tbeoont, Cornwall, is 
a pomegranate erect, seeded, slipped and leaved. Sir Henry Guldeford, K. G. 
temp. Hen. VIII. who assisted at the reduction of Granada, received the aug- 
mentation of a canton of the arms of that province (see p. 24.) from King 
Ferdinand. 

PoTENOE. See Potent, 

Reooubsie: this term is usually explained, cut off, couped, or 
rehated. 

P. 273. Sai<ient, Counter. In hlazoning the arms of Williams, the words 
' dexter' and ' sinister' are transposed. 

P. 276. Sattral. Two satyrals supported the arms of the lords Stawell. 

P. 277. Scotland. For ' Archaius,' read * Achaius.' 

P. 280. Seax. In the insignia of the county of Middlesex, the seaxes are 
borne with the handles to the dexter, and the edges of the blades uppermost 

P. 286. Shield. (1609 b.) For * Henry VIII.' read * Henry VII.' 

P. 294. Stakdabd. There is a long article descriptive of the standards (in 
the widest acceptation of the term) anciently used in the English army, in the 
Retrospective Review, N. S. ii. 510. 

P. 296. Star-fish. The mullets (or whatever they may be) in the arms 
of Layard are generally represented as of six points. 

P. 298. Sun. After * rain,' add ' forms a part of the arms of.' 

P. 300. SuBCOAT. The original arms of the great and noble family of 
Talbot were those given at p. 54. On the marriage of Gilbert Talbot (qui 
oh. 1274) with the heiress of Rhts ap Gbiffith, prince of South Wales, he 
assumed her arms (gules, a lion rampant and bordure engrailed or) instead of 
his own. The other coat used by the Talbots (azure, a lion rampant and bor- 
dure or) belonged to the Montoombrts, ancient earls of Shrewsbury, and is 
generally looked upon as feudal arms for the earldom. The checquy and 
ermine coat is attributed to the famous Gut of Warwick. 

Top, Playing. This is borne by several families named Topp. 

P. 311 . Trinity. For ' monastery of Grey Friars . . . London,' read * pri- 
ory of Black Canons called Christ Church, near Aldgate, London.' This 
priory was dedicated in honour of the Holy Trinity. 

P. 312. Trumpet. For * pale,' read ' pile.' The number of crosslets in the 
arms of Trumpington varies in different examples. 



INDEX. 



Abberbury, Ar. 120, 

AbergaTeony, EarU o£ See Neville. 

Abernoun, D*. Ar. I>8. 

Abernoun (Sir Jo. d') 888, 

Abrincis (Hugo de). See Lupus. 

Achaius, k. of Scots, 195. 277. 

Acre, ix, x. zii. 127. 187. 

Acton, Ar. 155. 

Adrian VI., pope, 188. 

Agincourt, xyii. 42. 182. 234. 

Albemarle, Ar. 102. 

Albemarle (WilL e. of)- See de Fortibua. 

Albert, Prince, Ar. 108. 

Albigenses, xi. 

Aldam, Ar. 247. A variation, 268. 

Aldithley. See Audley. 

Alexander II., k. of Scots, 277, 

Alexander III., pope, 194. 

Alexander lY., pope, xiL 

Alexia Comnenius, emp. of Const, viii. 

Allen, Ar. 102. 

Allen, Finchley, Midd. Ar. 103. 

Allen, sberiff of London, 78. 

Alston, Ar. 58. 

Amadeus V., e. of Savoy, 187. 

Amadeus VI., e. of Savoy, 187. 

Amalfi, a town of Naples, 186. 

Ambrosius, k. of Britain, 117. 

Amesbury cb. Wilts, 222. 

Anderton, Ar. 282. 

Andrew, S., Ar. 9. 25. 315. Cross, 40. 

273. Order, 195. 
Andrew II., k. of Hungary, xl. 
Andrew, Ar. 219. 
Andrews, Ar. 283. 

Anjou, House, Ar. 128. 205. Device, 33. 
Anlett, Ar. 10. 
Anna [Boleyn], second queen of Hen. 

VIIL, Badge, 37. 
Anne, queen of Ot Br. and Ireland, 

Ar. 26. 28. 
Anne of Bretagne, queen of Cha. VIII. 

of France, 85. 
Anstis(Jo.) Garter, 17. 185. 257, etc. 
Anthony, S., Cross, 104. Friary of. See 

London. 
Antiocb, viii. 

Antiquaries, Society of, 200. 
Antringham cb. SnuBT., 287. 



Aquitaine, Dukedom, 117. Ar. 1 8. 

Arcbby, Ar. 11. 

Arches, Ar. 11. 

Archever, Ar. 77. 

Argyle, Earls and dukes of, 18. 209. 

Ariosto (Lod.) 42. 

Armagh, Abps. of, 3. 192. 

— ^ ' See. Ar. 238. 

Armiger, Ar. 163. 

Armourers* company. See London. 

Armstrong, Ar. 12. 

Arragon, 189. Ar. xxiil 24. 

-^— (Katherine of). See Katherine. 

Arran, Earldom, 13. 

Arthur, k. of Britain, Ar. 179. Round 

Table, 193. 
Arthure, Ar. 65, 
Arundel, Ar. 15. 301. 
Arundel (Tho.) lord Arundel of War* 

dour, xxiil. 
Arundel town, Ar. 301. 
— church, 301. 
-— (Eleanour countess of). SeeFitz* 

Alan. 
Arviragus, a British king, Ar. 148. 
Ascalon, x. 
Asgill, Cr. 292. 
Ashford, Ar. 29. 

Ashmole (£1.) Windsor, 85. 184, etc. 
Ashton, Ar. 230. 
Askerton, Ar. 310. 
Astley, Ar. 15, 
Aston, Ar. 86. 
Aston, Lane, Ar. 241. 
Athelstan, k. of the Saxons, 195. 
Athlone pursuivant, 192, 
Athowe, Ar. 293. 
AthuU, Ar. 109. 
Atkins, Ar. 139. 
Atlowe, Ar. 293. 
Atsea, Ar. 289. 
Atton, Ar. 267. 
Aubemarle, Ar. 102. 
Aubemoun, D*. Ar. 58. 
Audley (James lord) Ar. xiv. 
Audley (John lord). See Tonchet, 
Austria, Modem Ar. 24. 
Auvergne, 189. 
Avranches, (Hugh of). See Lupus. 



342 



INDEX. 



Aylesbury, Ar. 97. 
Aymery of Pavia, Ar. 2. 

BadUnd, Ar. 144. 

Baker (Sir Rd.) 36. 117. 178. 

Balbemy, 109. 

Baldwin I., k. of Jerusalem, is. 

Baldwin II., k. of Jerusalem, 187. 194. 

Ball, Ar. 41. 

Balliol (Jo. de) Ar. 285. 

Balliol college. See Oxford. 

Banaster, (Sir Tho.) 126. Ar. 98. 

Banister, Ar. 823. 

Bannockbum, Battle of, 800. 

Barber-surgeons' company. See Lon- 
don. 

Barclay, Ar. 811. 

Bardis (Hadrian de) Ar. 814. 

Bardolphe, Ar. 79. 

Barker (Chr.) Garter, 86. 

Barnacle, Ar. 44. 

Barnes, Ar. 202. 

Barnes (Dame Julyan) zix. 

Bamet, Battle of, 36. 

Barney, Ar. 202. 

Barre, Duchy of, Ar. 44. 

Barret, Cr. 166. 

BaiTOW, Ar. 99. 

Barry, Ar. 15. 

Bartholomew, S., Hospital ot See Lon- 
don. 

Basnet, Ar. 49. 

Basset, Ar. 323. 

Bassingboume, Ar. 155. 

Bath and Wells, Sees, Ar. 260. 

Bavaria, Anglo- Bavarian branch of the 
order of S. John, 189. 

Bsxter, Ar. 267. 

Bayeux tapestry, viL 

Bsyly, Ar. 308. 

Bayne, Motto, 227. 

Beanchamp, Ancient Ar. 135, Mod. Ar. 
98. 300. Badge, 40. 

Beauchamp, Cornw., Ar. (vair.) 317. 

Beauchamp (Jo.) of Holt, Baron of Kid- 
derminster, 45. 

Beauchamp (Rob.^ e. of Warw., 153. 

Beauchamp (Tho.) e. of Warw., 69. 

Beauchampe, Glouc, Ar. 218. 

Beaudesert, Barony, 21 7. 

Beaufort, Castle of, 253. 

Beaufort family, Badges, 36. 132. 253. 

Beaufort (Jo.) e. of Lane, 253. 

Beaufort (Jo.) e. of Somerset, marq. of 
Dorset, 212. 

Beaumys (Jo.) xvi. 

Beaumont (Jo. vise.) 319. 

Bee, Ar. 101. 

Bee (Ant) bp. of Durham, 98. 224. 

Becard, Ar. 110. 

Becket (S. Tho. k) Ar. ix. 



Beckton, Ar. 291. 

Beckyngton (Tho.) bp. of Bath and 

Wells, Ar. 225. Rebus, 264. 
Bedgellert, Caemarvonsh., 322. 
Beke, 214. 

Belasyse, Motto, 227. 
Bellesby, Ar. 145. 
Bellschamber, Ar. 159. 
Belvoir, Ar. 326. 
Beneville, Ar. 270. 
Bentinck, Cr. 12. 
Bere (Sir Rd. de la) Cr. xiv. 
Berenffarius, count of Provence, 249. 
Berkeley, Ar. ix. Ar. and Cr. 225. 
Bemake (Sir WUL) Ar. 44. 
Bernard, S. ix. 
Bernard of Anhalt, duke of Saxony, Ar. 

108. 
Bemers (Jo. lord) and 
Berners (Dame Julyan). See Bourchier. 
Berry, Ar. 98. 
Bertie, Ar. 50. 
Bessyng, Ar. 267. 
Bever, Ar. 326. 

Beverley, a town in Yorkshire, 51. 
■ The college, 42. 

Beverley, Ar. 269. 
Beyley, Ar. 308. 

Bigland (Ralph) Garter, Ar. 825. 
Billesby, Ar. 145. 
Billettes, Ar. 56. 136. 
Billinger, Ar. 66. 
Bisham ch. Berks, 27. 
Bit-makers' company. See London. 
Blacksmiths' company. See London. 
Blastock, Ar. 57. 
Blencowe (Ad. de) xv. 
Blood, Ar. 176. 
Blount, Ar. 232. 
Blue-mantle pursuivant, 257. 
Blundevile (Ralph) e. of Chester, Ar. 

146. 
Bodenham, Ar. 76. 
Boetius (Hector) 278. 
Bohun, Ar. 89. 
Bohun (Humph, de) e. of Hereford and 

Essex, 334. 336. 338. 
Bois (Sir Rob. du) 126. 
Boisgelin(L.de) 190. 
Boleyn (Queen Anna). See Anna. 
Bolingbroke, Vise. See St John. 
Bolour, or Bolowre, Ar. 158. 
Bomy, Battle of, 14. 
Borough, Ar. 125. 
Boscawen, vise. Fslmonth, 279. 
Bosio (Giac.) 190. 
Bossewell (Jo.) xxii. 231, etc. 
Bostock, Chesh. Ar. 166. 
Bostock, Salop, Ar. 163. 
Bosworth field, 37. 
Boteler, Ar. 168. 



IKDEX. 



343 



Bothell, Ar. 61. 
Botringham, Ar. 54. 
Bottetorte, Ar. 213. 217. 
Bottle-makers* company. See London. 
Boulogne, Siege, xxi. 
Bourchier, Knot, 197. 
Bourchier (Jo.) lord Bemers, S. 
Bourchier (Dame Julyan) xix. 
Bourchier (Tho.) abp. of Canterbury, 

197. 
Bourden, Ar. 158. 
Boutetort, Ar. 218. 
Bowen, Ar. 197. 
Bowlea, Ar. (crescent) xxUL 
Bowvers' company. See London. 
Boyle, Ar. 120. 
Boys, Ar. 154. 
Boy tonne, Ar. 128. 
Brabant, Ar. xxiii. 24. 
Braham, Ar. 100. 
Bramston, Battle of, 80. 
Brandon ( — ), the hangman, xxui. 
Brasenose College. See Oxford. 
Bray, Ar. 45. 

Bray (Sir Reg.) Device, 168. 
Braziers* company. See London. 
Brecte, or Brette (Sir £. de la) Ar. 158. 

269. 
Brenchesley, Ar. 104. 
Bretagne, Duke of, 257. Ar. 18. 126. 
Bretigny, Treaty of, xv. 
Brette (Sir £. de la) Ar. 158. 269. 
Brian (Sir Fra.) 178. 
Bricklayers' company. See London. 
Bridge, Ar. 65. 
Bridlington priory, Ar. 202. 
Briset (Jordan), 189. 
Bristol, See of, Ar. 58. 
Britanny. See Bretagne. 
Brome, Ar. 157. 
Bromeley, Cambs., Ar. 259. 
Bromhoune priory, Nort, Ar. 820. 
Bromle, Ar. (rakes) 262. 
Bromley, Ar. (wool-combs) 827. 
Bromley, Horseheath, Cambs., Ar. 116. 
Bromley, Salop, Ar. 259. 
Bromley (Sir Jo.) Cr. 888. 
Brooke, 41. 

Brooke (J. C.) Somerset, 111. 
Brooke, or Brookesmouth, (Ralph) York* 

xxiii. 18. 
Brown (Wolstan) xix. 
Browne, Ar. 156. 
Browne (Will) xx. 
Bruce (The lady Christian) xiiL 
Brudenell, Ar. 226. 
Bruges (Will.) Garter, 168. 
Brunswick, Duchy, Ar. 26. 
-^— — House of, Badges, 89. 

herald, 180. 

Brute, k. of Britain, Ar. 262. 



Bryan (Sir Guy de) Ar. 247. 

Bryanson, Ar. 155. 

Brydges, 71. 

Buck, Ar. 55. 

Buckingham, (Edw. duke of). See Staf- 
ford. 

Buckland, Som., House of sisters of the 
order of S. John, 189. 

Bugg. See Willoughby. 

Bulbeck, Ar. 321. 

Bull (— ) Cr. 292. 

Bunninghill, Ar. 145. 

Buonaparte (Nap.) 118. 188. 

Burgh, De, Ar. 93. 

Burgh, De, e. of Clanricarde, Motto, 228. 

Burgundy, Ancient and modem Ar. 24. 

Burke (Jo.) 338. 

Bumell (Nic. lord), xiv. 

Bury, Ar. 158. 

Bury S. £dmund*s abbey, Ar. 119. 

Butchers' company. See London. 

Butler, Motto, 227. 

Butler, or Boteler, Ar. 15. 168. 109. 

Butler, Calais, Ar. (tygers) 814. 

Butler, e. of Glengall, 109. 

Butler, Sussex, Ar. (wine-piercers) 826. 

Butler (James) d. of Ormond, xxvii. 

Buttetourt (Jo. lord) Ar. 217, 218. 

Byron, Ar. 54. Motto, 227. 

Byron (Sir Jo. de) 227. 

Bysshe (Sir Edw.) xxr. 

Byzantium, 55, 

Cadawalydyr, k. of Britain, 23. 87. 257. 

Caen tiles, Tiii. 

Caerhays house, Comw. 28. 

Caius (Dr. Ja) Ar. 281. 

Caius college. See Cambridge. 

Calais, xiv. 2. 

Calixtus II., pope, 187. 

Callard (Jo.) Ar. xx. 

Calshil, Ar. 208. 

Calthoro (Rich.) Shield, 287. 

Cambridge, Town of. Supporters, 279. 

— ^-^— — University, 62. 

GouTille and Caius coll. 

281. 

Queen's coll. 44. 

The old library, 22. 

— — - — Cambridge Camden Society, 

122. 192. 222. 
Camden (Will) Clarenceux, xxiv. 14, 15. 

265, etc 
Campbell, Ar. 155. See also Argyle. 
Campbell, Ar. (gyronny engr.) 887. 
Canaida, xxIt. 

Canonbury. See Islington. 
Cantelupe (S. Tho. de) bp. of Hereford, 

Ar. 172. 
Canterbury, City, Ar. ix. 
See, Ar. 167. 287. 



344 



INDEX. 



Canterlniry, Cathednl, 34. 95. 182. 197. 

2S8. 265. 288. 311. 

Ch. Ch. priory, Ar. 203, 

Deanery, Ar. 203. 

Capper, Ar. 71. 

Garden, Ar. 290. 

Cardigan, Earls oil See BrudenelL 

— — Caatle, ix. 

Cardington, Ar. 327. 

Carey, lords Hunsdon, 41. 337. 

Carlaverock, Siege of, ziL 68. 224. 

Carlisle, xiii. 

Carlos, xzv. 

Cannichael, Ar. 328. Motto, 228. 

Camiinow, Ar. xvL 333. 

Camagie, Cr. 305. 

Carolina herald, xzvL 

Carrant, Ar. 270. 

Cartwright, Ar. 83. 

Carver, 99. 

Carwardine, Ar. 290. 

Cassyl, Ar. 208. 

Castile, Kingdom of, 189. 214. Ar. 15. 

24. 215. 

Badge, 33. 

Castle Ashby, 300. 

Castle Richard, 218. 

Catania, 188. 

Catherine. See Katherine. 

CaTe, Ar. 143. 

CaTell, Ar. 273. 

Cavendish, Cr. 281. Motto, 227. 

Cawarden, Ar. 290. 

Cecil, marq. of Salisbury, 226. Motto, 

228. 
Cecil (Rob.) vise. Cranbume, (afterwarda 

1st e. of Salisbury,) xxiiL 
Chad, S., Ar. 103. 
Chaderton, Ar. 99. 
Chalmers, Ar. 171. 
Chalmers (Gea) 277. 337. 
Chaloner, Ar. 76. 
Chamberlayne (Leon.) Ar. 337. 
Chamberleyn, Ar. 173. 
Chambers, Ar. 85. 
Champion, Ar. 309. 
Champlaine ( — ) xxiv. 
Chandos (Sir Jo.) 178. Ar. 247. 
Chappell, Ar. 9. 
Chark, Ar. 203. 
Charlemagne, emperor, 277. Crown, 26. 

106. 
Charles Y., emperor, 188. 
Charles L, king of Gr. Brit and Ireland, 

47. 178. Ar. 25. 
Charles II. , Idng of Gr. Brit, and Ireland, 

27. 88. 193. Ar. 25. 
Charles Martel, king of France, 147. 
Charles VI., king of France, 111. 191. 

Ar. 20. 
Chartham ch. Kent, 318. 



ChastiUon (Guy de) e. of S. Paul, Ar. 

213. 
Chaucer (Sir Geof.) 8. 126. 128. 168. 

208. 210. 244. 253. 254. 303. 
Chauntrell, Ar. 243. 
Chawlas, Ar. 229. 
Chederton, Ar. 104. 
Chellery, Ar. 153. 
Cherley, Ar. 61. 
Chester, Earldom, viiL 
— — - Ancient earls, Ar. 15. 
■ (Hugh of Avranches, e. of). See 

Lupus. 
— — (Hugh, e. of). See Kiviliock. 
(Ranulph, e. of). See Blunde« 



vile. 



chines. 



(Ranulph, e. of). See Mes« 



(Richard, e. of). See Fits* 



Hugh. 

City, Ar. 213. 

Coopers' company, 152. 

Tailors' company, 81. 

See, Ar. 225. 

Holy Trinity ch. 21. 

Chester herald, 163. 



Chesterton hall, Warw. 286. 

Chetham, Ar. 92. 

Chetwode, x. 

Chichele (Hen.) abp. of Canterbury, Ar. 

xvii. 287. 
Chichester, See, Ar. 255. 
Chiverton, (Rd.) lord mayor of London, 

Ar. 309. 
Chowne, 262. 

Christ church. See Oxford. 
Christmas, Ar. 322. 
Chrysostome. See John. 
Churchill (Jo.) d. of Marlborough, xxvii. 
Chute (Sir Ph.) Ar. and augm. xxL 
Clanricarde, Earls of. See Burgh, De. 
Clapham ch. Sussex, 301. 
Clare, Ar. 78. 

Clare (Gilbert de) fourth e. of Clare, ix. 
dlare, (Gilbert de) e. of Gloucester, 

300. 
Clare, (Gilbert de) e. of Pembroke, Ar. 

199. 
Clare, or Clarence, Honour of^ 174. 

Badge, 21. 35. 
Clarenceux king of arms, 174. 
Clarendon fSir Rog. de) Ar. 129. 
Clark, Ar. (tenter-hooks) 305. 
Clarke (Dr. — ) 95. 
Clarke, or Clerkes, Ar. (tenter-hooks,) 

305. 
Cleaver, Ar. 109. 
Clement Y., pope, 195. 
Clemsby, Ar. 306. 
Clerke (Sir Clem.) hart, Ar. 14. 
Gierke, (Sir Jo.) knt 14. 



INDEX. 



345 



Clerkenwell, Hospital of S. John, iz. 189, 

190. 

S. Mark's ch. 28. 

Clerkes, Ar. (tenter-hooks,) 805. 

Clermont, Council, Tiii. 

Clevere,Ar. 109. 

Clifford, Ar. 185. Angm. 74. 

Clockmakers' company. See London. 

Clogber, See of, 57. 

Clothiers' company. See London. 

Cloth- workers' company. See London. 

Clyvedon, Ar. 109. 

Coachmakers' company. See London* 

Cockerel! (Pro£ C. R.) 888. 

Codlew, Ar. 282. 

Colbrand, Ar. 203. 

Cole, Ar. 277. 

Coleridge, Motto, 227. 

College of arms. See London. 

Colmao, Ar. 261. 

Colston, Ar. 44. 

Colston, Essex, Ar. 78. 

Colombidre (M. de Vulson, sieur de la) 40. 

Comberton, Ar. 205. 

Companies. See London. 

Compton, Ar. 58. Cr. 51. 

Compton ( Sir WilH Augm. and Cr. xz. 

Compton Murdack,Warw., Manor-house, 

285. 
Compton Wodyales, alias in the Hole, 

Warw., XX. 
Conduit, Ar. 201. 
Coningham, Ar. 154. 
Conisby, Ar. 84. 
Conrad III., emperor, ix. 
ConsUble, Ar. 168. 
Constantinople, 5S. 115. 
Conyers, Ar. 220. 

Cooke (Rob.) Clarenceux, xxiii. 93. 
Cooks' company. See London. 
Coopers' company. See London. 
Copcot, Ar. 116. 
Corbet, 85. 263. 
Corbet, Salop, Ar. 263. 
Corbet (Jo.) Shield, 286. 
Corborant, yilL 
Corby, Battle of, 388. 
Corbyn, 85. 263. 
Corke, Ar. 205. 

Cornwall, Dukedom, xiiL 117. Ar. 383. 
Coronation office, 229. 
Corsby, Ar. 97. 

Corpus Christi college. See Oxford. 
Coryinus, viL 
Cory, Motto, 228. 
Cottell, Ar. 53. 
Cotton, Ar. 89. 
Cotton (Sir Rob.) 33. 38. 
Couchmaster, Ar. 77. 
Courtenay, Ar. 59. 308. Badge, 115. 
Courtenay, Devon, Ar. 198. 



Courtenay (Hen.) marq. of Exeter, Ar. 

XX. 

Courtenay (Peter) bp. of Exeter, and 

afterwards of Winch., Shield, 286. 
Courtenay (WilL) abp. of Canterbury, 

Ar. 225. 
Cove, Ar. 89. 
Coventry. See also Lichfield and 

Coventry. 

S. Michael's ch. 20. 

Coventry (Ja) lord mayor of London, 

Ar. 83. 
Cowper, Earl, 118. 
Cox, Motto, 228. 
Crescy, Battle of, xiv. 132. 
Crome, Ar. 208. 
Cromp (Lau.) York, xxvi. 
Cromwell (OL) xxv. Ar. 25. 
Cromwell (Rd.) xxv. Ar. 25. 
Cromwell (Hio.) e. of Essex, Ar. xxL 
Crosby, alias Drop, Ar. 154. 
Crouchback (Edm.) e. of Lancaster. 

See Plantagenet. 
Crowcher, Ar. 104. 
Crovland abbey, 176. 278. 
Cudlew, Ar. 282. 

Cumberland, Earls of. See Clifford. 
Cunningham, Ar. 283. 
Curlock, Motto, 228. 
Curriers' company. See London. 
Curzon, Motto, 227. 
Cuthbert, S., Banner, xix. 42. 

Dacre, Ar. 127. Knot, 197. 

Dacre, Lords, 8. 

Dakecombe, or Dakeham, Ar. 293. 

Dakyns, Motto, 227. 

Dallaway (Rev. Jas.) x. xvii. xix. 22. etc 

Danes, their standard, viiL 263. 

Danvers, Ar. 59. 

Darcy (Hen.) lord mayor of London, 

Ar. 202. 
Darrell, x. 

D'Aubemoun. See Aubemonn. 
Dauney, Ar. 116. 
Daunt, Ar. 51. 
Dauphin, The, Ar. 115. 
Daverport, Ar. 291. 
Dawkyns (W.) xxiiL 
Deane (Hen.) abp. of Canterbury, Ar. 

xix. 
De Burgh. See Burgh, De. 
De la Bere. See Bere, De la. 
De la Warr, Earls. See West 
Delves, Ar. xiv. A variation, 112. 
Denbigh, Earls of. See Fielding. 
Denham, Ar. 306. 
Denis, S., 234. 
Denmark, 32. 
Deobody, Ar. 127. 
Derby, Earldom, 20. Earls, 13. 



Y V 



340 



INDEX. 



Derby Town, Ar. 239. 

Derby House. See London. 

Dering (Sir Edw.) 883. 

Despenser, Le, xxiv. 

Destunes, Ar. 168. 

Dethick (Sir Oilb. and Sir WilL) xzuL 

Dettingen, Battle, 178. 

Deverell, Ar. 297. 

Devereux, Ar. 217. 

Devereux (Rob.) e. of £m6x, xxiii. 

Dibdin (Dr. T. F.) 296. 

Dickfield, Ar. 248. 

Digon, baron of Odron, Ar. 282. 

Difion, Motto, 228. 

DistiUers' company. See London. 

Docwra (Sir Tho.) Ar. 190. 

Do1finton,Ar. 115. 

Dolseby, Ar. 232. 

Doncaster, xviii. 

Dorchester ch. Oxon., 218. 215. 280. 258. 

etc. 
Dornoch, Bnrgh royal, Ar. 165. 
Doublet, Ar. 77. 
Douglas, Ar. 161. 
Douglas, dukes of Queensbury, Motto, 

227. 
Douglas, earls of Douglas, 88. 
Douglas (Sir Jas.) 161. 
Downes, Ar. 66. 
Downes, Chesh., Ar. 207. 
D'Oyley, Norf., Motto, 227. 
D'Oyley, Oxon,, Ar. 54. 
Drake, of Ashe, Ar. 329. 
Drake (Sir Fra.) Ar. 296. 
Drapers* company. See London. 
Drayton, Ar. and Cr. 258. 
Drayton (Mich.) 220. 274. 
Drop, alias Crosby, Ar. 154. 
Dnimmond, earls of Perth, 84. 
Dublin, See, Ar. 238. 

Abps. 3. 192. 

Deans of S. Patrick's, 4. 192. 

Castle, 192. 

■ Office of arms, 82. 

Duckfield, Ar. 248. 
Dudley, Berks and Bucks, Ar. 820. 
Dudley, (hart) Northamp. xvi. 
Dudley, alias Somerie, Ar. 217. 
Dudley, alias Somerie, (Jo. baron) 218. 
Dugdale (Sir Will.) Qarter, 20.69.121. 

153. 189. 
Duke, Ar. 297. 
Duke (Rev. £dw.) 222. 
Dukenfield, Ar. 103. 
Dundee, Burgh royal, Ar. 204. 
Dunham (Sir And.) Lyon, xxvi. 
Dunstaple priory, Beds., Ar. 296. 
Du Puy (Raym.) 187, 188. 
Durham, 42. 

Bps. 8. 162. 224. 

Dyers' company. See London. 



Dymock, Ar. (cross) 102. 
Dymock, Ar. (sword) 302. 
Dyngham, Ar. 55. 
Dyxton, Ar. 301. 

Eagleshead (Sir Jo.) 265. 
Eame (Sir Heu.) Ar. 231. 
Eastland company, Cr. 9. 
Eccles, Ar. 156. 

Edgar ( ) 135. 

Edge-hill, Battle of, 178. 
Edinburgh, Castle, 106. 

Holy Rood house, 196. 

Lyon office, 82. 

Edmondson (Jos.) Mowbray, 116. 118. 
Edmund, S., of Abingdon, Ar. xi. 
Edmund, S.,k. of East Anglia, Ar. 1. 119. 
Edmundsbury, S. See Bury. 
Ednevert Yychau, Ar. xi 
Ednowain ap Bradwen, Ar. 282. 
Edward, S., the Confessor, k. of Eng- 
land, Ar. 1. 19. 80. 119. Cr. 22. Ban- 
ner, xix. Seal, 229. 
Edward I., king of England, Ar. before 
his accession, 199. Ar. 19. Badge, 
33. Seal, 72. 
Edward II., k. of England, xii. 179. Ar. 

19. Bad^e, 33. Seal, 72. 
Edward III., k. of England, 2. 163, 
164. 178. 182. 193. 257. Ar. 19. 
Badges, 33. Cr. 93. Seal, 72. Shield, 
284. Tomb, 216. 
Edward IV., k. of England, 83. 163, 164, 

183. 185. Ar. 21. Badges, 35, 36. 
Edward Y., k. of England, Ar. 22. 
Edward VL, k. of England, 82. 175. 

Ar. 24. Badges, 38. 133. 
Edward the Black Prince. See Plan- 

tagenet 
Egbert, k. of England, Ar. 101. 
Egerton, Ar. 59. 
Eglesfield (Rob. de) Ar. 16. 118. 
Eglintoun, Ar. 147. 
Eleanour of Castile, queen of Edw. I. 

Ar. 15. 216. 
Eleanour of Quyenne, queen of Hen. II. 

Ar. 17, 18. 
Elizabeth, queen of England, Ar. 25. 

Badges, 39. 
Ellis, Lane, Ar. 223. 
Ellis, Norf., Ar. 16. 
Emeric of Pavia, Ar. 2. 
Embroiderers' company. See London. 
Empire, The, Ar. 117. 
Emsdorff, Battle, 178. 
England, 189. Ar. 18. 122. Arms 
during the usurpation, 25. Badges, 
39. Cr. 22. 98. Crown, 105. 
English, The, 40. 
Ercall, Ar. 44. 
Erskine (Tho.) e. of Kelly, xxiil 



INDEXr 



S47 



Enkine (Sir Will.) 178. 

Esme (Sir Hen.) Ar. 2S1. 

Essex (Rob. e. of.) See DeTereuz. 

Estanton, Ar. 258. 

Etheldred I., k. of England, Ar. 108. 

Eton college, 21. Ar. 203. 

Eugenius ill., pope, 194. 

Evans, Cr. 16. 

Evesham, Battle of, 217. 

Exeter. Episcopal palace, 2S. 286. 

— ^— Coopers' company, 152. 

Weavers* company, 67. 290. 

FairfSu, Motto, 227. 

Fairfax, Yorksh., Ar. 235. 

Fairfax, Yorksh. and Norf., Ar. 235. 

Falmouth, Vise. See Boscawen. 

Fane, e. of Westmoreland, Motto, 227. 

Farmer, Ar. 200. 

Farriers' company. See London. 

Favine (And.) 182. 193. 221. 271. 

Fawsley hall, Northamp., 218. 

Felbrigg ch. Norfl, 20. 121. 

Felbrigge (Sir Simon de) 20. 121. 126. 

Cr. 93. 
Felt-makers' company. See London. 
Fenwick, Ar. 339. 
Fielding, earls of Denbigh, 118. 
Ferdinand, k. of Spain, xix. 87. 
Fergus L, k. of Scots, Ar. 277. 
Fermor, earls of Pomfret, 167. 
Feme, Ar. 240. 
Feme (Sir Jo.) xxiL 
Ferrara, 188. 
Ferrariis (Hen. de) 165. 
Ferrars (Rob. de) e. of Derby, Ar. (vair6) 

317. 
Ferre, Ar. 134. 

Ferrers, Ar. (horse-shoes) 165. 
Fersfield ch. Nor£, 126. 
Festtts, 8. 
Fetherston, Ar. 16. 

Fitz-Alan (Eleanour) countess of Arun- 
del, 301. 
Fitz-Alwyn (Hen. and Roger), mayors 

of London, Ar. 324. 
Fitz-Ereald, Ar.41. 
Fitz-Gerald, Ar. 274. 
Fitz-Oerald, d. of Leinster, Motto, 227. 

Supporters, 336. 
Fitz-Hamond, Ar. 146. 
Fitx-Harding (Rob.) baron of Berkeley, 

Ar. ix. 
Fitz-Hugb, Ar. 64. 
Fitx- James, Ar. 115. 
Fits- James, Dorset, Ar. 11 5. 
Fitx-Neele, Ar. 238. 
Fitz-Stephens, Ar. 210. 
FiU- Walter, Ar. 76. 
Fitz- Walter (Matilda) countess of Hunts. 

271. 



Fitz- Walter, alias Butler, Ar. 15. 

Fitz-WilUam, Ar. 208. 

Flanders, Ar. 24. 

Flemings, 40. 

Flodden-field, 30. 

Flower, Ar. 16. 

Foix (Jo. de) e. of Kendal, Label, 199. 

Folborne, or Folebame, Ar. 324. 

Fontaine ch. Normandy, 51. 

Fontibus (Jo. de) bp. of Ely, Ar. xi. 

Fortibus (Will de) e. of Albemarle, Ar. 
254. 

Foulthurst, Ar. xiv. 

Founders* company. See London. 

Fox (Rd.) bp. of Winton, 240. 

Fox(Sir St) Augm. 30. 

Frame-work-knitters' company. See 
London. 

France, 118. 189. Ancient Arms, 19. 
Modem Arms, 21. Cr. 22. Sup- 
porters, 20. Motto of the kings of 
France, 94. 834. Badge, 87. 39. Label 
of France, 141. Ar. of the Dauphin, 1 15. 

Franco, Ar. xxvii. 

Eraser, Ar. 142. 

Frederick I. (Barbarossa) emperor, x. 
108. 

Frederick IL, emperor, xL 18. 

Frederick William IL, k. of Prussia, 81. 

Freeman, Ar. 208. 

Frevile (Sir Alex.) Ar. 216. Other 
members of the family, 217. 

Froissart (Jean) xiv. 8. 178. 182, etc 

Fryth-hall, Essex, 245. 

Fuller (Tho.) 190. 

Fumivall, Ar. 300. 

Fust, 66. 

Fytton, Ar. 10. 

Oage, Vise., Ar. 58. Motto, 227. 

Garin, Roman de, 246. 

Oascoigne (family,) Ar. 84. 

Gascoigne (proTince,) Cr. 22. 

Gatton, Ar. 57. 

Gaunt (Jo. of). See Plantagenet 

Gawdy, Ar. 308. 

Ged, Ar. 147. 

Gedney, of Enderby, Ar. 147. 

Gedney, of Huddersley, Ar. and Cr. 147* 

Genevile (Geo£ de) Ar. 332. 

Genoa, Republic, Ar. 149. 

George, S.,37. 148. 191. Ar. 1. 25. Ban- 
ner, xix. xxii. Canton of S. Geo. 70. 
Cross of S. Geo. xx. 40. 257. 294. 315. 

George I., k. of Great Britain and Ire- 
land, 179. Ar. 26. 28. 

George IL, k.of G. B. and I., Ar. 26. 28. 

George III., k. of G. B. and I., 31. 178. 
Ar. 26. 28. Badges, 89. 

George lY., k. of G. B. and I., 185. 191. 
Ar. 27. 28. 



548 



INDEX. 



George, $n Arian, 148. 

Oenrd, superior of the order of S. John, 

186. 
Germany, 189. Emperors, 26. Their 

arms, 117, 118. insignia of the 

office of arch- treasurer of the empire, 

26. 
Germans, 40. 

Geirard (Sir Jacob) hart 279. 
Oervays, Ar. 61. 

Ghent (Jo. of). See Plantagenet 
Gibbon (Jo.) Bluemantle, 44. 134. I JO. 

169. 267. 281. 806,. etc. 
Gifford, Ar. 297. 

Girdlers* company. See London. 
Gise, Ar. 48. 

Gisors, Normandy, x. 229. 
Glastonbury, The George inn, 21. 
Glaxiers' company. See London. 
Glegg, Ar. 241. 
Gloucester, xi. 

See, Ar. 173. 



kingof arms, 175. 179. 



Glover (Robert) Somerset, 77. 

Glovers' company. See London. 

Glynn, Ar. 157. 

Godfrey of Boulogne, k. of Jerusalem, 
viii 331. 

Goldington, Ar. 140. 

Gonville and Caius college. See Cam- 
bridge. 

Gore (Tho.) Mark, 202. 

Gorges, Ar. 153. 

Goring, Ar. 16. 

Gomay, x. 

Goumay, Devon, Ar. 238. 

Goumay, De, Nor£, Ar., ancient and 
modem, 272. 

Gourde conspiracy, xxiii 

Gozo, Island, 188. 

Grafton (Rd.) Mark and Rebus, 265. 

Graindorge, Ar. 325. 

Granada, xix. Ar. 24. 

Granderaesnil (Hugh de) lord of Hink- 
ley, Ar. 236. 

Grange, or Granger, Ar. 253. 

Granville, Ar. 267. 

Grahme (Muriel) countess of Strathem, 

207. 
Graystock (^ill. lord) xiv. 
Greenway, Ar. 77. 
Grendali (Tho.) xvi 
Grendon, Ar. 268. 
Greneland, Ar. 274. 
Gresley, Ar. 317. 
Grey, Leic. etc., Ar. 16. 
Grey, De, d. of Kent, Ar. 47. 
Grey, Lord, of Rctherfield Grays, Ar. 

235. 
Grey (Lady Jane) xxii. 
Grey (Sir Nic. de) 179. 



Grey (Sir Ralph) xviiL 

Greystock, Ar. 110. 

Grice, 152. 

Grocers' company. See London. 

Grosvenor, Ar. 146. 

Grosvenor (Sir Rob.) Ar. xv. 333. 

Grote, Ar. 289. 

Grylls, Ar. 54. 

Guesclin (Bertrand du) 816. 

Guichenon (Sam.) 188. 

Guienne, Duchy, 18. Cr. 22. 

Standard, 338. 

— — king of arms, 163. 

Guillim (Jo.) Rouge-croix, xxiv. 33. 54. 

73. etc. 
Guise, Ar. 48. 

Guldeford (Sir Hen.) Augm. xix. 339. 
Gurney, Devon, Ar. 238. 
Gumey, Norf., Ar., ancient and modern^ 

272. 
Gustavus Adolphus, k. of Sweden, 31. 
Guy, e. of Warwick, 37. Ar. 339. 
Guyenne. See Guienne. 
Gwin, Cr. 121. 
Gwine, or Gynes, Ar. 63. 
Gyse, Ar. 48. 

Haberdashers' company. See London. 
Hackney, Middx., xxviL 
HadisweU, Ar. 325. 
Hadley ch. Middx. 51. 
Hadstock, Ar. 246. 
Haidon, Ar. 320. 
Hakelut, 158. 
Hall, of Coventry, Ar. 83. 
Halle (Jo.) Ar. and Mark, 222. 
Halliwell, Motto, 227. 
Halworth, Ar. 74. 
Hamilton, Dukes of, 13. Cr. 276. 
Hamilton (Sir Will) 276. 
Hampson, Ar. 163. 

Hanover, 27. Ar. 26. Electonl bonnet, 
62. Crown, 106. 

House of, Livery, 206. 

■ Hanoverian order, 185. 

herald, 180. 

Harbottle, Ar. 167. 

Harcourt, Ar. 44. 214. 

Hardbeane, Ar. 51. 

Hardicanute, k. of England, Ar. 263. 

Harding (Jo.) 148. 262. 

Harflete, alias Septvans, Ar. 318. 

Harleston, Ar. 169. 

Harley, Ar. 89. 

Harling, Ar. 314. 

Harman (Rob.) xxvii. 

Harpden, Ar. 230. 

Harrington, Ar. 142. 

Harris, 164. 

Harris, Monm., Ar. 381. 

Harris (Sir Hugh) xxiii. 



INDEX. 



349 



Harris (Jm.) e. of Malmesbury, 81. 

Harrow, Ar. 157. 

Haraich (Sir Jo. de) 827. 

Harthill,Ar. 16. 

Harvey, Cr. 145. 

Harvey (Sir Eliab) Ar. 181. 

Harvey (WilL) Clarenceux, xxiL 

Harwe, Ar. 157. 

Hastings, Leic. etc, Ar. 220. 

Hastings, Oxon., Ar. 220. 

Hastings, earls of Hantingdon, Support- 
ers, 210. 

Hastings (Jo.) e. of Pembroke, Ar. 216. 

Hasty nges, Oxon., Ar. 230. 

Hat-band-makers' company. See Lon- 
don. 

Hatclifie, Ar. 260. 

Hatfield (Tho.) bn. of Durbam, Seal, 224. 

Haversham (Sir Nic de) Ar. 217. 

Hawke, Baron, 826. 

Hawkestone, Ar. xiv. 

Hawley, Ar. 240. 

Hay, Ar. 129. 

Hay, e. of Kinnoul, 249. 829. 

Haydon, Ar. 820. 

Hay ward, Cr. 16. 

Heame (Tbo.) $S. 88. 296. 

Heneage, Knot, 197. 

Henley in Arden, Warw., 217. 

Henry I., k. of England, Ar. 17, 

Henry II., k. of England, 17. 189. Ar. 
18. Badges, 83. 

Henry III., k. of England, Ar. 18. 
Badges, 33. 

Henry lY., k. of England, 168. Ar. 20. 
Badges, 84. Motto, 271. 

Henry Y., k. of England, 18. 149. 178. 
182. 257. 271. Ar. 20. Badges, 35. 
Shield, 285. 

Henry YI., k. of England. Ar. 21. 
Badges, Z6. Shield, 285. 

Henry YII., k. of England, 168, 164. 
257. Ar.28. Badges, 37. (Hen.YII.'s 
chapel, see Westminster.) 

Henry YIII., k. of England, 22. 30. 33. 
185. Ar. 23. Badges, 37. Housing, 
72. Shield, 286. 

Henry II., k. of Cyprus, 187. 

Heraclius, patriarch of Jerusalem, 194. 

Herbert (Geo.) 319. 

Hereford, Earldom, 20. 

See, Ar. 172. 

Herklay (Sir A.) e. of Carlisle, xiii. 

Hertford castle, 21. 

Hervey, Ar. 272. 

Heveningham, xxiii. 

Heylin (Dr. Peter) 194. 

Heytesbury, Town. Ar. 335. 

Hildyard (Sir Rob.) bart Motto, 228. 

Hill, Ar. 73. 

Hillary, Ar. 84. 



Hilton, Ar. 274. 

Hilton, Durh., Ar. and Cr. 160. 

Hilton, Lane., Ar. 108. 

Hilton, Nortbumb., Ar. 74. 

Hilton castle, Durham, 160. 

Hinchesley, Ar. 252. 

Hingham, Ar. 100. 

Hinkley (Hugh, lord of). See Grande- 
mesnil. 

Hinxley, Ar. 252. 

Hitchen ch. Herts, 223. 

Hobart, Ar. 138. 

Hoby, Ar. 144. 

Hodeswell, Ar. 325. 

Hodstoke, Ar. 246. 

Hody, Ar. 168. 

Holbeame, Ar. 77. 

Holinshed (Raph.) 34, 35. 

Holland, Ar. 58. 

Holland, Motto, 228. 

Holland, Line. Ar. 48. 

Holland (Tho.) d. of Surrey, and e. of 
Kent, Augnu 30. 

Holies, Ar. 247. 

Holm, Ar. 98. 

Holme, (Handle) 28. 252. 281. 315. 326. 
etc. 

Holy Land, 186. 191. 194. etc. 

Holy-rood house. See Edinburgh. 

Hompesch, (Ferd. d') 188. 

Honorius II., pope, 194. 

Hoo, Ar. 73. 

Hopwell, Ar. 41. 

Homers' company. See London. 

Hotot (Agnes) xvi. 

Hoveden (Rog. de) x. 

Howard, (Qu. Katb.) See Katharine. 

Howard (Sir — .) 121. 

Howard (Hen.) e. of Norwich, (after- 
wards d. of Nor£) xxvl 

Howard (Hen.) e. of Surrey, 80. 

Howard (Tha) d. of Norfl, Augm. 30. 53. 

Hoyland, Ar. 48. 

Huitson, Ar. 336. 

Hulles, or Huls, Chesh. and Berks. Ar. 
247. 

Hulles, or Hulse, Chesh., Ar. 247. 

Hulme abbey, Norf. 96. 

Hundescote, Ar. 63. 

Hungus, k. of the Picts, 195. 

Hunsdon, Lord. See Carey. 

Huntingdon, Ancient earls, 277. 

Earis. See Hastings. 

• (Matilda, countess of) 271. 

• Church, 157. 

Hurston, Ar. 101. 

Hussey, Ar. 16. 

Hossey, Line., Ar. 97. 

Hussey, Wilts. Ar. 47. 

Hutchinson (W.) xv. 

Hyde Park. See London. 



350 



INDEX. 



Ilchetter, Town, Ar. 332. 
Inghmm abbey, Norf., Ar. 102. 
Ingilbyi Ar. 130. 
iDgntm (Rev. Dr. Jas.) 78. 
Inn-holders' company. See London. 
Innocent IL, pope, 187. 
Innocent IV., pope, 71. 
Ionian islands, 191. 
Ipswich, Town, 166. 

S. Mary Key, 222. 

Ireland, z. xxi. 192. Ar. 26. 157. 170. 

387. Crests, 22. 170. Badges, 89. 283* 

Baronets, 46. 

Ironmongers* company. See London. 

Isabella, queen of Spain, six. 

Isham, Ar. 324. 

Islington, Middx., zxiv. 202. Shield at 

Canonbury, 287. 
Ital^, 189. 
Italians, 40. 

Jackson, Ar. 284. 

James, S., the Great, 127. 

James, Ar. 116. 

James, Motto, 227. 

James I., k. of Gt Britain and Ireland, 

(VI. of Scotland,) 45, 46. Ar. 25. 27. 
James II., k. of Gt Britain and Ireland, 

(VILofScoUand.) Ar. 25. 
James III., k. uf Scotland, 182. Ar. 277. 
James IV., k. of Scotland, 30. 
James V., k. of Scotland, 195. 
James V I., k. of Scotland, Crown, 106. 
James YIL, k. of Scotland, 195. 
Jane [Seymour,] third queen of Hen* 

VIIL, Badge, 38. 
Jason (Sir Rob.) bt, Ar. 807. 
Jenkins, Ar. and Cr. 266. 
Jennings, 250. 

Jemegan, or Jemingham, Ar. 66. 
Jerus^em, viii. z, xL 186. 194. 331. Ar. 

103. 12. 
Jocelyn, Ar. 328. 
Joddrel, Ar. 66. 

John, Rebus of the Christian name, 265. 
John, S., the Baptist, 160. Knights of 

S. John, 186. 
John of Beverley, S., 42. 
John Chrysostome, S., 237. 
John, king of England, Ar. before his 

accession, 52. Ar. 18. Badge, 33. 

Surcoat, 300. 
John of Luxembourg, k. of Bohemia, 1 32. 
John II., k. of France, 52. 332. 
Johnson, Ar. 323. 
Johnson, Twysell, Durham, 313. 
Joinville, Ar. 332. 
Jomey, Ar. 149. 
Joseph, S., of Arimathea, 148. 
Joyner, Ar. 236. 
Julian, S., Cross, 100. 274. 



JvKaa, Line. Ar. 274. 
Julius II., pope, zx. 
Justinian, emperor, 229. 
Juzon (Will.), abp. of Canterbury, Ar. 
160. 

Kadivor ap Dynaval, Ar. ix. 

KarlaveroKe. See Carlaverock. 

Karraro, Ar. 252. 

Katherine, S., 825. 

Katherine of Arragon, first queen of 
Hen. VIIL, Badge, 87. 

Katherine [Howard,] fifth queen of Hen. 
VIIL. 138. 

Katherine [Parr,] sixth queen of Hen. 
VIIL, Badge, 38. 

Kaye (Dr. Jo.) Ar. 28L 

Keate, Ar. 73. 

Keith (Sir Q.M.)]8L 

Kekitmore, Ar. 202. 

Keldon, or Kelneden, Ar. 238. 

Kelloway, 151. 

Kemp (Jo.) abp. of Canterbury, Ar. 167. 

Kent, County, Ar. 331. 

— ^ (Edm., e. of). See Plantagenet 

— The fair maid of. See Plantagenet 
(Joan). 

Kidderminster, (Jo., baron of). See Bean- 
champ. 

Killingworth, Ar. 200. 

Kilpeck (Hugh, lord) Ar. 216. 

King (Dan.) viii. 

King (Oliver) bp. of Exeter. His tomb, 
21,22,23.36. 

Kircudbright, Lords. See Maelellan. 

Kirke (Sir Dav.) Ar. zxiv. 

Kirkham abbey, Yorksh. 294. 

Kiviliock (Hugh), e. of Cheater, Ar. 146* 

Kniffht, Ar. 144. 

Knoilis, or Knowles, x. 101. 

Knyvett, Ar. 176. 

Koverdau, Ar. 109. 

Kyrkton, Ar. 44. 

Lacy, xxiii. Knot, 197. 

Lacy, Ar. (wavy) 323. 

Lambert, e. of Cavan, Ar. 231. 

Lamboume, Berks, 331. 

Lamplugh, Ar. 100. 

Lancaster, House of. Badges, 23. 34i 83. 

132.222.269.271. Livery, 206. 
' (Henry of). See Plantagenet 

herald, 163. 
Lanercost priory, Cumb., Ar. 138. 
Lanfranc, abp. of Canterbury, 177. 
Lang, Ar. 202. 
Langford, Ar. 289. 
Langley, Chesh., Ar. 81. 
Langley, Rathorpe hall, Yorksh., Ar. 49. 
Langtoft (Peter of), 176. 
Lascelles, Ar. 74. 



INDEX. 



351 



Lasco (Alb. &) count pal. of Syradia, 

XXIU. 

Latimer, At. 102. 

Laud (Will.), abp. of Canterbury, 95. 

Ar. 60. 
Lauderdale, Earls of. See Maitland. 
Launey (Tho. de) 257. 
Laurati (Pietro) 192. 
Laurence, Ar. 152. 
Lawrance, Ar. 261. 
Lawrence, S., 152. 
Lawson, Ar. 33 K 
Layard, 296. 339. 
Le Despenser. See Despenser. 
Leeaon, Ar. and Motto, 263. 
Leftwich, Ar. 169. 
Legh, or Leigh (Gerard) xxii. 52. 81. 

99. 113, etc. 
Leicester, Town, Ar. 79. 
.i^.^^ Ancient earls, 15. 79. 

(Simon, e. oQ. Sec Montfort. 

Leigh, Ar. 109. 
Leland (Jo.) viii. 
Lemming, Ar. 154. 
Le Neve. See Neve. 
Leo X., pope, xx. 
Leon, Kingdom, Ar. 15. 24. 215. 
Leopold, d. of Austria, x. 
Leslie (Jo.), bp. of Roes, 195. 
Lesone, Ar. and Motto, 263. 
Lessington, Ar. 253. 
Levant company, 169. 
Leversege, Ar. (bill-heads,) 66. 
Leversege, Ar. (match-locks,) 220. 
Lichfield and Coventry, See, Ar. 103. 
Limerick crosier, 96. 
Limosso, Cypnis, 187. 
Lincoln college. See Oxford. 
Lincoln's Inn. See London. 
Lisle (Arthur, vise.) See Plantagenet 
Lisle (Sir John) 257. 
Littlebury, Ar. 49. 
Liverpool, Town, 203. 338. 
Llewellin the Great, 322. 
Lloyd, of Milfleld, Ar. ix. 
Lloyd, of Plymog, 159. 
Locavel, Ar. 273. 
Lockhart, Ar. 336. 
Lodowick, e. of Flanders, 213. 
London, City, Ar. xv. 40. 242. Cap, 71. 
Lord mayor, 271. Cressets, 50. 

Churches, 27. 28. 

S. Paul's cathedral, 37. 



London, Churches, S. Michael Comhill, 

27. 

S. Clave Jewry, 20. 



214. 



20. 



28. 



S. Bartholomew the less, 

Christ church, 19. 

S. Edmund the king, 

S. Katherine Cree, 28. 
S. Mary Temple, 33. 



Companies. 

Armourers', 254. 

• Barber- surgeons', 



138. Cr. 233. 
riners', infra. 

156. 
homers', 64. 



Cr. 292. 
155. 304. 



Ar. 806. 
151. 



312. 



201. 308. 
ters', 197. 



porters, 150. 
158. 223. 
makers*, supra. 



xxiL 145. 302. 



81.268.304l 



Bitmakers*. SeeLo- 

Blacksmitha', Ar. 

Bottle-makers' and 

Bowyers', 140. 
Braziers', 254. 
Bricklayers', 31. 
Butchers', 32. 
Clockmakers', Ar. 80. 

Cloth-workers', 92. 

Coach-makers', 81. 
Cooks', 83. 
Coopers", 152. 
Curriers', 283. 
Distillers', 1 14. 298. 

• Drapers', xviL 81. 

• Dyers', Ar. 41. Cr, 

• Embroiderers', 65. 

• Farriers', Ar. 165. 
Felt-makers', 158. 

• Founders', 70. 143. 

' Frame-work-knit- 

. Girdlers', Ar. 337. 

• Glaziers', 151. 231. 
■ Glovers', xviii. 

- Grocers', Ar. 81. 

• Haberdashers', Sup« 

- Hat-band- makers*, 

- Homers'. See Bottle* 

- Inn-holders', 27 4w 

- Ironmongers', xvii. 

- Loriners', Ar. 57. 

- Marblers', 31. 210. 

- Masons', 210. 

- Mercers', 81. 

- Merchant-tailors', 

-Parish -clerks', 62. 

- Patten-makers', 1 10. 

- Paviours', 187. 

- Fewterers', Ar. 204. 



352 



INDEX. 



London, Companies, Platteren', 156. 

233. 312. 
Plumbers', 176. 208. 

250. 283. 291. 294. 

Saddlers', At. 272. 

Saltera*, Ar. 273. 

^__. Scriveners*, 244. 

Silkmen's, 41. 290. 

— Silkthrowers', Ar. 



290. 



Skinners', xxii. 206. 

Soap-makers', 120. 

— ^^ Stationers', 62. 

■ Tallow-chandlers', 

xviii. 94l Cr. 160. 

Tin-plate-workers', 

200. Cr.201. 

Upholders', 292. 

Vintners', xvii. Ar. 

312. 

Wax-chandlers', 226. 

"Wire-drawers', 85. 

117. 123. 170. 250. 

Woodmongers', 131, 

Woolpackers', Ar. 



827. 

Hospitals, religious houses, col- 
leges, inns of court, etc. 

— Friary of S. AnUiony, Ar. 



104. 



Ar. 90. 



311. 339. 



Ar. 140. 



— S. Bartholomew's hospital, 
Chriflt church, Aldgate, Ar. 



College of arms, 22. Ar.82. 
Lincoln's Inn, chapel, 27. 
^ New Inn, or Our Lady's Inn, 



194. 



Staple's Inn, Ar. 327. 
The Temple, (Holbom) 194. 
The Temple, (Fleet St) 33. 

Inner Temple, Ar. 243. 



— Middle Temple, Ar. 200. 
Derby House, 82. 
Hyde Park, 178. 



Londres, Ar. 834. 

Long (C. E.) 218. 

Longshare, Ar. 281. 

Longspee (Will) e. of Sarum, Ar. 205. 

Shield, 284. Surcoat, 300. 
Longueville (Jo. duke of) Ar. 14. 
Lorenzetti (Pietro) 192. 
Loriners' company. See London. 
Lorn, Lordship of, Ar. 209. 13. 
Lorraine, Duchy, Ar. 331. 
LorraynC) Ar. 259. 
Lotham, Ar. 245. 
Louis VIL, k. of France, ix. 139. 
Louis IX. (S.) k. of France, xil 249. 
Louis of Savoy, baron of Yaud, 188. 



Love, Ar. 813. 

Lovel, 327. 

Lovell, Ar. (nebuly) 232. 

Lovell, Nor£, Ar. (squirrels) 293. 

Lovell, or Lovett, Bucks, Ar. (padlocks) 

286. 
Lovet, 327. 
I-owe, Ar. 327. 
Lower (M. A.) xiv, xv, xvi. 159. 227. 

801.333,334. 
Lower, Cornw., Ar. xviiL 
Lowth, 327. 
Lucy, Camb., Ar. 16. 
Lucy, Lond., Ar. (crescent,) 92. 
LuUingstone chapel, Kent, 265. 
Lumley, Ar. 78. 
Lune, Ar. 244. 
Luneburg, Ar. 26. 82. 
Lupton, 827. 
Lupus (Hugh) e. of Chester, vii, viil. 

119.832. Ar. 125. 
Luton ch. Beds. 285. 
Lutterell, Ar. 235. 
Lutwyche, Ar. 314. 
Lydgate (Jo.) 42. 119. 151. 
Lyon office. See Edinburgh. 
Lyons, Council of, 71. 
Lysons, Ar. and Motto, 263. 
Lysons (Rev. D.) xxvii. 

Mackenzie (Sir Geo.) 2. 25. 83. 40. 122. 

195. 207. 328. 
Mackworth, Ar. xiv. 
Mackworth (Jo. and Jas.) xiv. 
MacleUan,lord Kircudbright, Cr. 159. 
Madan, or Madden, Ar. 255. 
Magdalene college. See Oxford. 
Magnal, Ar. 302. 

Magnaville (Geof. de) e. of Essex, 128. 
Mandeville, Ar. 259. 
Manners (Tho.) d. of Rutland, Ar. xx. 
Mahomet II. sultan, 188. 
Maine, Province of, 18. 
Maitland, e. of Lauderdale, Ar. 114. 
Mallory, Ar. 112. 

Malmesbury (Jas. e. of). See Harris. 
MalU, Knights of, 186. 
Mai ton abbey, 294. 
Man, Isle of, 13. Ai. 201. 
Mans, Ch. of S. Julian, 317. 
Marblers' company. See London. 
March, Earldom, 21. 

(Edm. e. of). See Mortimer. 

(Edw. e. of). See Edw. IV. k. of 

England. 
Marches, 212. 
Mare (Lord de la) 217. 
Margaret, queen of Louis IX. of France, 

249. 
Margat, in Phoenicia, 187. 
Markham, Ar. 171. 



INDEX. 



353 



Marlborough, Dukes of, 118. 

Marlow, Great, Bucks, xxv. 

Marmion (Sir Ph.) Ar. 216. 

Marshall, Ar. 134. 

Martejoys, Ar. 325. 

Martell, Ar. 156. 

Mary, S. 140. Banner, xiz. 

Mary Magdalene, S., Banner, zxii. 

Mary, queen of England, 82. Ar. 24. 27. 

Badge, 38. 
Mary, queen of William III., Ar. 26. 

(See also William and Mary.) 
Masons' company. See London. 
Mathias, Ar. 113. 
Matthew Paris, 40. 179. 
Matthias, S. 113. 
Mauduit, Ar. 44. 
Maundefeld, Ar. 71. 
Mawley (Pet), Ar. 53. 
Maximilian, emperor, xx. 
Maxwell, Ar. 274. 
Maynard, Motto, 227. 
Mayne (De la) Ar. 97. 
Maynell, Ar. 317. 
Medville, Ar. 137. 
Menestrier (CI. Fra.) 2. 
Mercers* company. See London. 
Merchant-tailors' company. See London. 
Merling, Ar. 56. 
Merton (Walter de) bp. of Rochester, 

Ar. 78. 
Merton college. See Oxford. 
Meschines (Randolph) e. of Chester, Ar. 

214. 
Messina, 188. 
Methuen, 102. 
Methuen, Battle of, xiii. 
Metringham, Ar. 159. 
Meyrick (Sir S. R.) 8. 79. 113. 234. 244. 

287. 327. 
Michael, S., 191. 
Michel (Sir Fra.) xxir. 
Middleham, Ar. 168. 
Middlesex, County, Ar. 280. 339. 
Middleton abbey. See Milton. 
Milles (Tho.) 18. 48. 
Milner, Ar. 57. 
Milner (Dr. Jo.) 96. 
Milton abbey, Dorset, Ar. 49. 
Milveton, Ar. 223. 
Minshull, Ar. and Cr. x. 
Mitchell, Ar. 202. 
Mohun, Ar. 220. 
Moigne (Sir Will.) XYL 
Moile, Ar. 225. 
Molina, 801. 

Molo Lacu (Pet de) Ar. 58. 
Molyners, Ar. 134. 
Molyneux, Ar. 16. 100. 
Monmouth (Hen. lord of). See Planta- 

genet 



Montague (J. A.) xvi 

Montaigne (Geo.) abp. of York, Ar. 48. 

Montalt, Ar. 262. 

Montbochier, Ar. 138. 

Monte Gioia, 334. 

Montfort (Simon de) e. of Leicester, xi. 
40. Ar. 261. 

Montgomery, earls of Shrewsbury, Ar. 
339. 

Monthermer, Ar. 114. 257. 

Monypenny, Ar. 316. 

Moore, Cr. 328. 

Moore, hart, Ar. (moorcock) 226. 

Moore, Hants, Ar. (swan) 302. 

Morbecque (Sir Dennis de) 52. 332. 

Mordaunt (Sir Jo.) xxiv. 

More, Cr. 328. 

More, Newington -Butts, 127. 

More (De la) Ar. 323. 

Morgan (Sylvanus) xxiv. 267. 

Morison, Ar. 160. 

Mor]ey, Hants, Ar. 172. 

Morley (Sir Rob. de) xiv. 

Mortaigne, Earldom, x. 

Mortimer, earls of March, Ar. 129. Cr. 
132. 

Mortimer (Edm.) e. of March, Ar. 93. 

Mortimer's Cross, Battle, 36. 

Moseley, Ar. 223. 

Moses, 160. 

Moule (Tho.) 137. 

Mounpynzon, 248. 

Mountaine, or Mounteigne, Ar. 48. 

Mountfort, Ar. 54. See also Montfort 

Mountforte (Jo. de) baron of Beaudesert, 
Ar. 217. 

Mowbray, Ar. 262. 

Mowbray (Katherine) duchess of Nor- 
folk, 301. 

Mowbray (Tho.) d. of Norfolk, Augm. 30. 

Mowbray herald, 164. 

Munny, Ar. 218. 

Muratori (L. A.) 8. 

Muscovy merchants' company, 11. 206. 

Mussard, Ar. 249. 

Musselborough, Battle, 178. 

Myterton, Ar. 225. 

Najara, Battle, 1 78. 

Nanfant, 256. 

Narborne (Peter) Garter, Ar. 146. 

Nashe, Ar. 205. 

Nassau, Duchy, Ar. 26. 

Natheley, Ar. 281. 

Navaretta, Battle, 178. 

Navarre, Kingdom, Ar. 73. 197. 

Nayler (Sir Geo.) Garter, xxviii. 

Nelson (Hor. vise.) xxviii. 

Neve (Peter Le) Norroy, xxiiL 338. 

Nevill, Ar. (organ-pipes) 234. 

NeviUe, 227. 



Z Z 



354 



INDEX. 



Neville, Ar. 274. 

Neville, Leic, Ar. 199. 

Neville, earls of Abergavenny, xviiL 

Neville, earls of Warwick, 40. 

Neville (Geo.), d. of Beds. xix. 

Neville (Rd.), e. of Salisbury, 257. 

Neville (Rd.),e. of Warwick and Salisb. 

xviii. 36. 
Newby, Ar. 297. 
Newburgh abbey, Yorksh. 294. 
Newcastle, Dukes of. See Pelharo. 
New college. See Oxford. 
Newdigate, Ar. 171« 
New Inn. See London. 
Newland, Ar. 102. 
Newman, bart., Augm. xxt. 
Newport, Ar. 326. 
Newton, Ar. (bones) 62. 275. 
Newton, Ar. (2 chev. rev.) 268. 
Newton, Barr's court, Glouc. x. 
Nichols (J. G.)xi. 
Nicolas (Sir N. H.) vii. xii, xiii. xv. xvit 

45. 67. 149, 150. 186. 315. 320. 
Nicoll,Ar. 310. 

Nisbet (Alex.) xi, xlL 25. 310, etc. 
Noble (Rev. Mark) xix. xxi. xxiii. 336. 
Norfolk, Dukedom, 212. 

■ (Katherine, duch. of). See 

Mowbray. 
■ (Tho. d. of). See Howard. 

(Tho. d. of). See Mowbray. 



Normandy, 18. 

Northampton (John), lord mayor of Lon- 
don, Ar. 204. 

Northumberland, 195. 

Ancient earls, 277. 

Norton, Ar. (swords) 169. 

Norton, Ar. (pile) 247. 

Norwich, See, Ar. 225. 

S. John Maddermarket, 286. 

Nova Scotia baronets, 47. 

Nuremberg chronicle, 192. 

Nuthall, Ar. 282. 

Ock wells, Berks, 21. 

Odron, Baron of. See Digon. 

O'Hara, Ar. 261. 

Oldbury, Ar. 135. 

Oldcastle, Ar. 73. 

Oldham (Hugh) bp. of Exeter, 240. 

Oldmixon, Ar. 31. 

Orange, (William, pr. of,) 31. 

Orleans (Louis d') duke of Longueville, 
Ar. 14. 

Ormerod (Dr. Geo.) viii. 

Otterborne, Ar. 92. 

Otterboume, Battle, 161. 

Oxford, Synod at, 148. 

Bishops of, 3, 183. 

University, xx. Ar. 62. 

Balliol coll. Ar. 235. 

— ^ — Brasenose coll. 240. 



Oxford, Christ church, Ar. 59. 

Corpus Christi coll. 240. 

Lincoln coll. 240. 264. 

— S. Mary Magdalene coll. 35. Ar. 
203. 

Merton coll. 23. Ar. 78. 

New coll. Ar. 78. 

Queen's coll. 215. Ar. 118. 

■ S. Edmund's hall, Ar. xi. 
S. Michael's ch. 222. 

— (Jo. e. of). See Vere. 

Oxney (Jo.), prior of Ch.ch. Canterbury, 

Rebus, 265. 
Oyley, D'. See D'Oyley. 

Pacy, Ar. 55. 

Palgrave, Ar. 241. 

Palmer, Kent, Ar. (scrips) 278. 

Palmer, Line. Ar. (staves) 294. 

Palmer (Rev. Will.) 237. 

Paris, Council at, xiii. 

S. Denis's abbey, 234. 

Parish, Ar. 314. 

Parish-clerks- company. See London. 

Parker, Ar. 245. 

Parker, Essex, Ar. 245. 

Parker(Hen.). Fryth hall, Essex, Ar.245. 

Parker (Matth.), abp. of Canterbury, 

Rebus, 265. 
Parr (Queen Kath.). See Katherine. 
Paschal II., pope, 187. 
Paston(SirJo.) 13.206. 
Patrick, S., 283. Ar. 25. 242. 316. Order, 

192. 
Patten, Middx., Ar. 145. 
Patten (Will), bp. of Winton, Ar. 208. 
Patten -makers' company. See London. 
Paul. S., Sword, 40. 242. 302. 
Paul, emperor of Russia, 188. 
Paulet, Ar. 251. 
Pauli (Seb.) 190. 
Paveley (Sir Walter) 126. 
Paviours' company. See London. 
Peeche (Sir Jo.) Rebus, 265. 
Pelham, Ar. 243. Augnu 52. 332. 
Pelham (Sir Jo.) 52. 333. 
Pemberton, Ar. 65. 
Pembroke, Earls of. See Valence, and 

Hastings. 
(Anna, marchioness of). See 

Anna [Boleyn], queen. 
Pendrell, xxv. 
Peneston, Ar. 86. 
Pennington, Ar. 145. 
Penfney priory, Norf., Ar. 49. 
Perceval, Motto, 227. Ar. and Motto, 

228. 
Percival, Hants, Ar. 291. 
Percy, Ar. xxi. 262. Badges, 40. 282. 
Perganes (Hugo de) 194. 
Perot, Ar. 259. 



INDEX. 



355 



Perth, Earls of. See Drummond. 

Peter, S. 173. 

Peter the liermit, riii. 

Peter, king of Castile and Leon, 214. 

Petit, Ar. 273. 

Petra-saucta (Fra. de) 307. 

Petty, Ar. 209. 

Pevensey, Ar. 11 4. 

Pewterers' company. See London. 

Phelps, Motto, 228. 

Philip, k. of Castile and Leon, xix. 

Philip II. (Augustus) k. of France, x. 

Philip IV. (the Fair) k. of France. 215. 

Philip II., king of Spain, xxii. Ar. 24. 

Crown, 106. 
Philip the Bold, d. of Burgundy, 213. 
Philipps, Pemhr., Ar. 151. 
Philipson (N. J.) 320. 
Phillipps (Sir Tho.) hart., 320. 
Phillips, Motto, 228. 
Phillips (Edw.) xxv. 
Phillpotts (Hen.) bp. of Exeter, Ar. xv. 
Philpot (Sir Jo.) Ar. xv. 
Picts, 196. 

Pierrepont, e. Manvers, Motto, 227. 
Pieis Plowman, 221. 
Pigott, Ar. 246. 
Piper, At. 248. 
Pistor, Ar. 243. 
Pitt, Ar. xxiv. 
Plaisance, Council of, viiL 
Plantagenet, House of, Badges, 32. 249. 

Livery of the later Plantagenets, 206. 
Plantagenet (Arth.), visct Lisle, 33. 
Plantagenet (Edm.), Cronchback, e. of 

Lancaster, Ar. 142. 199. The tricor- 

porate lion, 205. Caparison, 72. 
Plantagenet (Edm.), of Woodstock, e. of 

Kent, 34. 
Plantagenet (Edm.), of Langley, d. of 

York, 269. 
Plantagenet (Edw.), prince of Wales, 

(the Black Prince,) 86. 117. 129. 132. 

178. 288. 
Plantagenet (Edw.), d. of York, 42. 
Plantagenet (Geof.), e. of Maine and An« 

jou, 317. 
Plantagenet (Geof.), e. of Anjou, Poic- 

tiers, Britanny, and Richmond, Ar. 

199. 
Plantagenet (Hen.), e. of Lancaster, xili. 

Ar. 53. 
Plantagenet (Joan), the Fair Maid of 

Kent, 34. 
Plantagenet (Jo.), d. of Bedford, 13. 
Plantagenet (Jo.), of Ghent, d. of Lan- 
caster, Badges, 133.269. Surcoat,214. 
Plantagenet (Marg.), dau. of Edw. III., 

Ar. 216. 
Plantagenet (Marg.), duchess of Norfolk, 

Shield, 285. 



Plantagenet (Rich.), k. of the Romans, 
and e. of Cornwall, Ar. xi. 55, 333. 

Plantagenet (Tho.), of Woodstock, d. of 
Gloucester, Seal, 265. 

Plasterers' company. See London. 

Plaunche, (Sir Jas. de la) Ar. 217. 

Plumbers* company. See London. 

Podio (R. de). See Du Puy. 

Pogeis, Ar. 219. 

Poictiers, Battle, xiv. 52. 

Poictou, X. 18. 

Pole(SirWill. dela), 178. 

Pomfret, Earls of. See Fermor. 

Ponsonby, Ar. 334. 

Pont, Ar. 262. 

Popler, Ar. 289. 

Portcullis pursuivant, 257. 

Porter, Ar. 52. Cr.51. 

Portsmouth, 178. Ar. 331. 

Portugal, 189. 

Potter, Ar. 138. 

Poulet, Motto, 228. 

Powis, Ar. 171. 

Pownder (Tho.), Mark, 222. 

Poynter, Ar. 248. 

Preener, Ar. 255. 

Prelate, Ar. 128. 

Prestwick (Will.), dean of Hastings, 243. 

Proctor, Ar. 324. 

Provence, 189. 

Prussia, (Fred. Will. IL, k. of,) 31. 

Pryce. Cr. 137. 

Pryce, Hants, Ar. 292. 

Ptolemais. See Acre. 

Pugin (A.W.) 105. 

Puy (R du). See Du Puy. 

Pystor, Ar. 243. 

Quartremayne, Ar. 16. 

Queen's college. See Cambridge, and 

Oxford. 
Quincy (Roger dc) e. of Winton, Ar. 219. 
Quincy (Saer de) e. of Winton, Ar. 199. 
Quomdon ch. Leic. 336. 

Radcliife, Ar. 58. 86. 123. 

Ralegh (Sir Walter), 128. 

Ralph, ahp. of Canterbury, Ar. 102. 

Ramsay (Jas.), e. of Holdemess, xxiiL 

Rastell (Will.) 286. 

Ravenna, Council, xiii. 

Raymond IV., e. of Toulouse, viii. 

Raynon, Ar. 116. 

Raynsford, Ar. 97. 

Read, Ar. 152. 

Reading abbey, Berks, Ar. 127. 

Redman, Ar. 303. 

Redman (Rob.) 286. 

Redvers. See Rivers. 

Reignold, Ar. 251. 

Kestwold, Ar. 241. 



S56 



IXDEX. 



Retowre, Ar. 297. 

ReynalU 170. 

Reyiiell, Devon, Ar. 219. 

Reynolds, Ar. 254. 

Reynolds (Walter), abp. of Canterbury, 
Ar. xiii. 

Rhodes, Knights of, 186. 

Rhys, pr. of South Wales, iz. 

Rhys ap Griffith, pr. of South Wales, 
Ar. 339. 

Rich, Motto, 228. 

Riche (S. Edmund le), abp. of Canter- 
bury, Ar. xi 

Richard I., k. of England, 229. Ar. 18« 
Badges, 32, 33. Shield, 284. The 
romance of Richard Cuer de Lyon, 
209. 

Richard II., k. of England, xx. xxir. 30. 
45. 149. 163. 191. Ar. 19. Badges, 
34. 133. 

Richard III., k. of England, 37. 57. 82. 
164.175.257.275. Ar. 22. Badge, 36. 

Richard, king of the Romans. See 
Plantagenet 

Richers, Ar. 10. 

Richmond, Ar. 298. 

Richmond, Earldom, 13. 163. 

herald, 163. 

Rivers, e. of Devon, Ar. 152. 

Robert Bruce, k. of Scotland, xiii. 161. 

Robert II., d. of Nonnandy, viii. 

Robert II., e. of Flanders, viii. 

Robsart, Ar. 262. 

Roche (Adm. de la) Ar. xxiv. 

Rock, 268. 

Rockmond (M. de) xxiv. 

Rodolphus II., emp. xxiii. 

Rodolphus, abp. of Canterbury, Ar. 102. 

Roe, Ar. 260. 

Rohan, lord of Warwick, Ar. 335. 

Rokeby, 268. 

Roman empire. Holy. See Germany. 

Romans, their Standard, 118. 

Rooke, 268. 

Roos, or Ross, Ar. 323. 

Rotherfield Grays, Oxon., 235. 

Rouen, Siege of, xviL 

Rouge croix pursuivant, xxii. 257. 

Rouge dragon pursuivant, 257. 

Rous, Ar. :)23. 

Rowe, Chesh., Ar. 51. 

Rowe, Devon. , Ar. 200. 

Royal Society, Ar. 258. 

Rugge (Robert) 286. 

Russell, Ar. (pincers) 248. 

Russia, Czar of, 118. 

merchants. See Muscovy mer- 
chants. 

Ruthven (Will.), e. of Gourie, xxiii. 

Ryckers, Ar. 10. 

Rymer (Tho.) 34. 



Sabcotet, Ar. 116. 

Sackville, Ar. 317. 

Saddlers' company. See London. 

Sadler (Sir Ralph) 178. 

Sahit- Albans, Book of, xix. 139, 273. 

Saint- Aubyn family, 77. 

Saint- Edmund's- Bury. See Bury. 

Saint-George (Sir Hen.) Augm. 31. 

Saint- John family. Badge, 156. 

Saint-John (Jo. de) Ar. 230. 

Saint-Jobn (Will, de) 156. 

Saint-Maur, Ar. 208. 

Saint- Paul, Earls of. See Chaatillon. 

Salamanca, Council, xiii. 

Salisbury, Cathedral, 284. 

Bishops, 3. 183. 

Hall of Jo. Halle, 222. 

Salt, Ar. 77. 

Salters' company. See London. 

Sampson, Ar. 326. 

Sancto-Amore (Godof. de) 194. 

Sandford (Fra.) Lancuter, xxvi. 19. 52. 

182, etc. 
Sandwich, Town, 166. 
Sapcote, Ar. 116. 
Savoy, House of, 1 87. 

(Louis of) baron of Vaud, 188. 

Sawsefele, Ar. 263. 

Saxony, Ancient Arms, viii. 26. 

Dukedom, Ar. ancient and 

modem, 108. 
Say, Ar. 259. 
Scipton, Ar. 52. 

Scopham, Ar. 172. A variation, 277. 
Scotland, Ar. 25. 277. Badge, 39. 305. 

Crown, 106. 

• Baronets of Scotland, 47. 

Scots, 40. 196. 

Scriveners' company. See London. 

Scrope (Rd. lord) Ar. xv. 333. 

Scudamore, Ar. 297. Motto, 227. 

Scyrlow, Ar. 240. 

Seburgh (Will.) 153. 

Sedburgh, Earldom, 224. 

Seet, Ar. 220. 

Segar (Sir Will.), Garter, xxiii. 

Segrave, Ar. (lion) 213. 

Segrave, Ar. (2 bars, etc.) 258. 

Selden, (Jo.) 86. 

Sempringham abbey. Line, 294. 

Senlis, Council, xiii 

Septvans, alias Harflete, Ar. 318. 

Seresby, Ar. 328. 

Seton (Sir Chr.) Ar. xiiL 

Sevenoke (Sir Will.), lord mayor of 

London, Ar. 16. 
Seymour, Ar. 208. Augm. 30. 
Seymour (Queen Jane). See Jane. 
Seymour, dukes of Somerset, 38. 
Shakerleigh, Ar. 165. 
Shakerley, Ar. 282. 



INDEX. 



357 



Shakspere (Will.) 40. 67. 267. S38. Ar. 

292. 
Sharp (Sir C.) 320. 
Shelley, Ar. (snails) 291. 
Shelley, Sussex, Ar. (welkes) 324. 
Shelley (Eliz. wife of Jo.) 301. 
Shelton, Ar. 97. 
Shoreditch, Midd3C 37. 
Shovel (Sir CI.) Ar. xxvi. 
Shrewsbury, The abbey ch. 19. 
Earls of. See Montgomery 

and Talbot 

The Shrewsbury book, 22. 



Shuttleworth, Ar. 289. 

Sibell, Ar. 314. 

Sicily, 188. Ax. xx. 24. 

Sigismund, emperor, 148. 

Silius Italicus, viL 

Silkmen's and Silk-throwers' companies. 

See London. 
Silvester, hart. Ar. 279. 
Sinope, Asia Minor, 319. 
Skeen, 290. 

Skinners' company. See London. 
Skipton, Ar. 9. 
Skipton, or Scipton, Ar. 52. 
Skipwith, Cr. 313. 
Skirlaw, Ar. 240. 
Smijth, Hill-hall, Essex, Ar. 9. 
Smirke(£dw.) 338. 
Smith, Abingdon, Ar. 11. 
Smith, Line, xxiii 
Smith (Sir Jo.) 178. 
Sneyd, Ar. 279. 
Soame, Ar. 210. 

Soap-makers' company. See London. 
Society of Antiquaries, 200. 
Society, Royal, Ar. 258. 
Solyman, the Magnificent, sultan, 188. 
Somerie, alias Dudley, Ar. 217. 
Somerie, alias Dudley (Jo. baron) 218. 
Somerset, Dukes of. See Beaufott and 

Seymour. 

herald, 164. 

Southwark, Borough of, Ar. 274. 

The Tabard Inn, 303. 

Spain, A king of, 215. 

Crown, 106. 

Spelman (Sir Hen.) 45. 

S pence, Ar. 244. 

Spencer, xxiv. 

Spenoer, Althorpe, Ar. 142. 

Spencer, Wormleighton, Ar. 279. 

Spenser (Will) 97. 

Sprouston ch. Norf, 286. 

Spry, Cr. and Motto, 228. 

Spurs, Battle of the, 14. 

Squire, Ar. 302. 

Stafford family. Knot, 197. 

SUlTord (Edw.), d. of Bucks, Ar. 76. 184. 

Standard, Ar. 28. 



Standish, Ar. 114. 

Stanley, earls of Derby, 13. 

Stanton Harcourt ch. Oxon., 214. 

Stapleford, Ar. 155. 

Stapleton, Camb., Ar. (swords) 1 15. 

Stapleton, Ar. (staples) 296. 

Starkey, Ar. 16. 297. 

Stationers' company. See London. 

Stawell, Lords, Supporters, SS9. 

Stephen, k. of England, Ar. 17. Badges, 

33. 
Stephen, e. of Blois, viii. 
Steward, Ar. 75. 
Steyning, Ar. 267. 
Stockden, or Stockton, Ar. 125. 309. 
Stoke by Neyland ch. Suff., 301. 
Stoke- Lyne, Oxon., xxv. 
Stokes, 107. 
Stokwith, Ar. 79. 
Stonehouse, Ar. 59. 
Stothard, (C. A.) 317. 336. 
Stourton, Barons, Supporters, 279. 
Stow (Jo.) 303. 324. 
Strange, Ar. 217. 
Strange, of Blackmere, Ar. 300. 
Stratele, Ar. 119. 
Stratford, Glouc, Ar. (lion) 307. 
Stratford, Glouc, Ar. (tressels) 310. 
Stratford, Coventiy, Ar. (lion) 307. 
Stratford (Jo.), abp. of Canterbury, Tomb, 

238. 
Strathem (Muriel, countess of) 207. 
Stratley, Ar. 119. 
Strong, 102. 
Strongitharm, Ar. 121. 
Stuart, Royal house of. Paternal Arms, 

75. Badges, 39. Livery, 206, 304. 

Supporters, 299. 
Stuart (Sir Alex.) Ar. and augm. 111. 
Stukeley, Ar. 66. 
Style, Ar. 84. 
Surrey (Hen. e. of). See Howard. 

(Tho. d. of). See Holland. 

Sutton, Ar. 70. 

Sweden, Kingdom, Ar. 31. 

Sweeting, Ar. 319. 

Sydenham, Ar. 97. 

Sydney, e. of Leicester, Ar. 245. 

Sykes, Ar. 141. 

Symmes, Northamp., Ar. 168. 

Synmies, Som., Ar. 237. 

Talbot, Anc. Ar. (hendy) 54. Two other 

coats, 300. 
Talbot (Gilbert) Ar. 339. 
Talbot (Jo.), e. of Shrewsbury, surcoat 

of Arms, 300. 
Talke, Tauke, or Tawke, Ar. 104. 203. 
Tallow-chandlers' company. See Lon« 

don. 
Tasborough, Ar. 294. 



358 



INDEX. 



Tay, 256. 

Taylor ( J. B.) 320. 

Tegon, baron of Odron, Ar. 282. 

Templar, 304. 

Temple. See London. 

Teuton, Ar. 304. 

Tetlow, Ar. xxvii. 230. 

Thame ch. Oxon., 314. 

Themilton, Ar. 141. 

Thomas (S.) of Canterbury, Ar. ix. 

Thomas (S.) of Hereford, Ar. 172. 

Thornton, Ar. (pallets) 238. 

Thornton, Ar. (escarbuncles) 336. 

Tho>U, Ar. and Cr. 249. 

ThuVland, Ar. 104. 

Tichhourne, Supporters, 299. 

Tiderleigh, Ar. 92. 

Tin- plate- workers' company. See London. 

Todd, 307. 

Tofte, Ar. 202. 

Topp, 339. 

Totenham, Ar. 44. 

Touchet (Jo.) lord Audley, Ar. ziv. 

Tour (De la) Ar. 116. 

Tournay, Ar. 77. 

Tours, X. 

Towers, Isle of Ely, Ar. 309. 

Towers, Northamp., Ar. 309. 

Trane (Sir S. de) Cr. 160. 

Trap, Ar. 76. 

Trefusis, Ar. 144. 

Tregarthick, Ar. 207. 

Tregony, a town in Comw., Ar. 339. 

Tremayne, Ar. 12. 

Trenoweth, Ar. 77. 

Trent, River, 174, 176. 

Treswell (Rob.) Somerset, zziii. 

Trevelyan, bart Motto, 228. 

Trie, x. 

Trieste, 188. 

Trinity, Banner, xix. xxii. 42. 311. 

Tripoli, 188. 

Trogone, baron of Odron, Ar. 282. 

Trollop, Ar. 311. 

Troutbeck, Ar. 143. 

Trowbridge, Ar. 65. 

Trowte (Alan) 306. 

Troy. Kings of, 263. 

Troyes, Council at, ix. 194. 

Treaty of, xvii. 

Trumpington, Ar. 312. 339. 
Trumpington (Sir Rog. de) Ar. 16. 

Ailettes, 122. 
Trye, Ar. 67. 
Tryvett, Ar. 311. 
Tubbe, 154. 
Tuchet, Ar. 267. 
Tudor, House of, Badge, 36. 253. Livery, 

206. 295. 
Tudor (Marg.) duchess of Richmond, 

Shield, 286. 



Tunstall, Ar. 83. 
Turkey Company, 169. 
Turks, 92. 
Turner, Ar. 16. 
Turvile(Sir— ) 300. 
Tyler (Wat) xv. 242. 
Tynte, x. Ar. 334. 
Tyrol, The, Ar. 24. 
Tyrwhitt, Ar. 314. 
Tyrwhitt (Tha) 66. 
Tyssen (Fra.) xxvii. 
Tytherly, Ar. 92. 

Ulster, Earldom, 35. 

' Province, 45. Ar. 46. 814. 

king of arms, 175. 192. 

Upholsterers* company. See London. 
Upton (Nic.) xviL 17. 85. 138. 
Uter Pendragon, 117. 
Uvedall, Ar. 100. 

Yahan, Ar. 125. 

Valence, earls of Pembroke, Ar. 216. 

235. 
Valence (Aymer de) e. of Pembroke, Ar. 

213. Tomb, 72. 
Valette(J. P. de la) 188. 
Valetta, city of, 188. 
Vane, lord Barnard, Ar. 147. 
Vane, Rasell, Kent, Ar. 147. 
Vane (Sir Ralph) 178. 
Van Mildert (WiU.) bp. of Durham, Ar. 

279. 
Vaud (Louis of Savoy, baron of) 188. 
Vaughan, Ar. 125. 
Vauneye, Ar. 150. 
Vavasour, Ar. 110. 
Veck, Ar. 337. 

Venables, baron of Kinderton, 332. 
Venice, xi. 
Verdon, Ar. 142. 
Verdon, Warw., Ar. 148. 
Vere, earls of Oxford, Ar. 230. Badge, 

40. 
Vere ( Albry de) viii. 
Vere (Jo.) e. of Oxford, 36. 
Vere (Rob.) e. of Oxford, etc. 212. 

Augm. 170. 
Vemey, 101. 
Vertot(R. A. de) 190. 
Vesey, vise, de Vesci, Ar. x. 102. 
Vexin, Counts of, 234. 
Victoria, queen of Ot Brit and Ireland, 

Ar. 27. 
Vienne, Council at, xiii. 195. 
Villaret (Foulkes de) 187. 
ViUiers (Sir Nic. de) Ar. 127. 
Vintners' company. See London. 
Viterbo, 188. 
Vychan (Ednevert) Ar. xi. 



INDEX. 



359 



Wace (Will.) 150. 

Wagstaff; Ar. 262. 

Wake, Ar. 59. Knot, 197. Motto, 227. 

Waldegrave, Ar. 241. 

Walden, Ar. 279. 

Wales, Ar. of North Wales, 322. Ar. 
of South Wales, 322. Cr. 22. 322. 
Badges, 39. 

Princes of, Coronet, 87. Label, 68. 

198 

Herald of, 179. 

Walker (Sir Edw.) Garter, 80. 

WaUer (Messrs.) 237. 337. 

Waller (Sir Rd.) Cr. xviL 

Walley, Ar. 138. 

Wallop, Ar. 323. 

Walpole, 71. 

Walsingham, Ar. 76. 

Walsinghani (Tho.) xvi. 244. 338. 

Walter of Exeter, xii. 

Waltham abbey ch. 27. 

Walworth (Sir Will.) xv. 242. 

Wantage ch. Berks, 285. 

Warbleton ch. Sussex, 243. 

Warburton, 334. 

Ward, Ar. (cross) 101. 

Ward, Ar. (crescents) 331. 

Ward (Seth), bp. of Sarum, 183. 

Warden, 242. 

Wardon priory, Bedf., 242. 

Warham (Tho.), abp. of Canterbnty, 95. 

Warr (Roger la) lord de la Warr, 332. 

Warr, Earls de la. See West. 

Warre, Ar. 159. 

Warren, Ar. 75. 

Warwick, Earls o£ See Guy, Beau- 
champ, and Neville. 

S. Mary's ch. 69. 

Wasseley, or Wasterley, Ar. 103. 

Wastley, or Westley, Ar. 9. 

Waterford, See, 109. 

Waterhouse (Edw.) 287. 

WaU(Dr.Will.)40. 

WatU, Ar. 276. 

Wax- chandlers' company. See London. 

Waye, Ar. 230. 

Wayland, Ar. 111. 

Waynflete (Will of). Sec Patten. 

Weavers' company. See Exeter. 

Weever (Jo.) 122. 801. 

Welhope, Ar. 323. 

Weller, 325. 

Welles, Ar. 141. 

Wellesley (A.), d. of Wellington, 244. 

Welley castle, 217, 218. 

Wells, Ar. 136. 

Wells, See, Ar. 260. 

Cathedral, 284. 

Wengham (Hen. de), bp. of Lond., Ar. 
161. 

West, earls de la Warr, 92. 



West Indies, 298. 

Westley, Ar. 10. 

Westley, or Wastley, Ar. 9. 

Westminster, The abbey ch., xii. xxv. 

18. 28. 34, 35. 72. 216. 285. Chapel 

of Hen. VII., 35. 37. 179. 253. 286. 

Deans, 4. 

Hall, 19, 20. 34. 

Weye, Ar. 230. 

Whalley, Ar. 325. 

Whalley abbey. Lane, Ar. 325. 

Whethamstede (Jo. of), abbat of S. Al- 

ban's, 285. 
Whitacre, Ar. 219. 
Whitby abbey, Yorksh., Ar. 282. 
Wilkins (Dav.) 195. 
Willement (Tho.) xvi. xx. 25. 27, 28. 

37. 89. 133. 170. 225. 237. 265, etc. 
WiUey, Ar. 324. 
William I., k. of England, 83. 119. 

Ar. 17. Seal, 229. 
William II., k. of England, Ar. 17. 
William III., k. of Gt Brit, and Ireland, 

Ar. 26. 27. Livery, 206. 
William IV., k. of Gt. BriL and Ireland, 

Ar. 27. 
William V., d. of Aquitaine and Guienne, 

Ar. 18. 
William V., pr. of Orange, 31, 
Williams, Anglesey, Ar. 273, and 339. 
Williams, Caernarvon, Ar. 160. 
Williams, (bart) EUham, Ar. xi. 
Williams, (hart) Penrhyn, Ar. xi. 
Williams, Talyllyn, Ar. xi. 
Willington, Ar. 317. 
Willis (Rev. Rob.) 284. 
Willoughby, Ar. (fretty) 143. 
Willoughby (anciently Bugg), Ar.(water- 

bougets) and pedigree, 216. Standard, 

295. 
Willoughby on the Wold, 217. 
Wilson, Sneaton castle, Yorksh., 169. 
Winch, East, ch. Norf., 121. 
Winchester, See, 169. 

Bishops, 3. 183. 

College, 78. 

County hall, 193. 338. 

Earls. See Quincv. 

m 

Marquisate, 212. 

Windsor, Castle, 174, 193. 338. 

College, 148. 

S. George's chapel, 21. 23. 86. 

61.93.98. 163. 184. 

Deans, 4. 1 84. 

herald, 164. 



Wingham (Hen. de), bp. of Lond., Ar. 
16L 

Winterbottom (Tho.) lord mayor of Lon- 
don, Ar. 154. 

Wiutoun, Earldom, Ar. xiii. 

Winwood, Ar. 98. 



d()0 



INDEX. 



Wire-drawers' company. See London. 

Wobum ch. Hed«., 27. 

Wodehouse, Mottp, 227. 

Wolfe, 827. 

Wolsey (Card. The), abp. of York, xjl 

86.237. At. 59. 
Wolston, Ar. 49. 
Wolston ch. Warw., 300. 
Wolverton, 327. 
Wolvesley, Ar. 303. 
Wood, Ar. 16. 229. 
Woodhouse, Ar. 102. 335. 
Woodmerton, Ar. 139. 
Woodmongers' company. See London. 
Wood&tock (Edm. and Tho. of). See 

Plantageuet. 
Woodvile, Ar. 70. 
Wooler, Ar. 304. 

Wool-packers' company. See London. 
Woolston, Ar. (lurnpikes) 313. 
Worcester, Battle, xxv. 
Worsley, Ar. 78. 
Worthington, Ar. 117. 
Wren (SirChr.)28. 
Wright, Ar. 31. 
Wroton, Ar. 247. 

Wryth (Sir Jo.), Garter. Ar. 82. 334. 
Wyatt, Ar. 45. 



Wycombe, Ar. 83. 

Wykeham (Will. oQ, bp. of Winton, Ar. 

78. 
Wykerdey, Ar. 99. 
Wylley, Ar. 324. 

Wyndham, e. of Egremont, Cr. 836. 
Wynington, Cr. 115. 
Wytton, Ar. 328. 

Yard, Ar. 829. 

Yarmouth, Little, NorC, Ar. 280. 

Yamton ch. Oxon., 87. 

Yates, 146. 

Yeo, Ar. 318. 

York, xTiii. xix. 

House of, Badges, 23. ^. 87. 

269. . LiTery, 206. 

Dukes of. See Plantagenet. 

See, Ar. 237. 

herald, 164. 

Yorke(Ja8.)xziT. 52. 199. 

Zakesley, Ar. 262. 
Zorvis, Ar. 324. 
Zouch (Dela) Ar. 217. 
Zoucb (Hugh and Will) 218. 
Zuleistein, Ar. 830. 



oxford: 
printed by i. 8hrim1ton.