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GRADUATE SCHOOL
OF EDUCATION
HAR-VARD:. ALU MNT ASSOCIATION .
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A HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
GRADUATE SCHOOL
OF EDUCATION
HAR.VARD: ALUMNI AgSOCIATlON.
[iiiiiiiiiiiimii777
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1,
A HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
JAMES CROPPER.
From a Portrait.
A
HISTORY
OF
PENKETH SCHOOL,
1834- -1907.
WITH THE ADDITION OK
A LIST OF TEACHERS AND OFFICERS,
AND A LIST OF SCHOLARS.
WITH 30 ILLUSTRATIONS.
BY
JOSEPH SPENCE HODGSON.
PUBLISHED FOR
THE PENKETH OLD SCHOLARS' ASSOCIATION
HY
HEADLEY BROTHERS,
14, Bishopsgate Street Without, London, E.G.
1907.
^ y^ r\ HARVARD UNIVERSITY
^/^ 7 7^ fiRWXIATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATJ<J<^
'^/^
9'?w^%/?i>3
HEAULEY BROTHERS,
PRINTERS,
LONDOxV ; AM) ASHFORD KEXT.
CONTENTS.
Preface 5
Penketh Township and Village . _ . . g
Initiation of the Friends* Boarding School,
, Penketh - -, 16
William Thistlethwaite's Superintendency - - 27
William Groom's ,, - - 59
- 66
- - 76
- - 83
- 86
- 90
- 119
Samuel Evens's First
Frederick Richardson's
Joshua Hopkins Davy's
Samuel Evens's Second
James Turner's
Joseph Thomas Gumersall's
Albert Pollard, B.A. - - - - - - 148
William Edward Brown, B.A. 168
Summary of Subscriptions, Donations and Legacies
TO Penketh School 184
Geology of the Penketh District . . . 185
Ornithology ,, ,, ,, . . . 189
Botany ,, ,, ,, - - - 192
Entomology ,, ,, „ _ _ - 1^5
List of Teachers and Officers of Penketh School- 197
List of the Scholars of Penketh School - - - 217
Index of History 263
Index OF List of Teachers and Scholars - - 268
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
James Cropper Frontispiece.
Old House in Penketh Village - - - - ii
Friends' Meeting-House, Penketh, 1736 - - 14
Isaac Cooke - -22
William Thistlethwaite in advanced life - - 27
Penketh House, built by Joseph Edmondson - - 31
Original Buildings of Penketh School - - 50
William Groom at eighty years of age - - 60
Barrow Hall, North of Penketh School - - 63
Samuel Evens in advanced life - - - - 66
Penketh School, with addition of Boys' Wing 69
Frederick Richardson in advanced life - - 76
Fiddler's Ferry Inn, Penketh-on-the-Mersey - 79
Joshua Hopkins Davy in advanced life - - 83
Overton Hills and Church, Frodsham, Cheshire - 87
James Turner when Superintendent - - - 90
First Rise of Overton Hills, Frodsham - - - 97
Penketh School at the Jubilee, 1884 - - - iii
Joseph Thomas Gumersall ----- 119
Bold Hall, three miles from Penketh - - 125
The Wye at Water-cum-Jolly, Derbyshire - - 142
Albert Pollard, B.A. .--.-. 148
Albert Pollard, at the Quarry, Overton Hills,
Frodsham -..---.. 156
Charles John Holmes, J. P. ----- 160
William Edward Brown, B.A. - - - - 168
View of Penketh School in 1901 - - - - 178
Plan of Penketh School, 1906 - - - - 198
Teachers and Scholars of Penketh School,
July, 1898 - - 204
Boys at Penketh School, at the Jubilee, 1884 - - 240
Girls and Teachers at Penketh School, at the
Jubilee, 1884 246
PREFACE.
npHE first aspiration of the Penketh Jubilee Committee,
on its appointment in 1882, was to have a history of
the School written, and a list of scholars compiled. Yet
before the Jubilee Memorial building was furnished, all these
cherished hopes were dissipated, without any prospect of
their being realised.
Time passed on — two Superintendencies finished their
course, and ere a third closed with the century, it fell to my
lot to contribute a very short history of the School to
*' Past and Present,'* the inter-school Journal.
This raised in me the query, '* Why, at the century's close
—this fitting time — ^might I not undertake the long delayed
and almost forgotten history of Penketh School ? " This,
perhaps, without fully considering all that such a task
involved.
However, this thought led me to suggest to the Annual
Meeting of the Penketh Old Scholars' Association in 1900,
of which I was the Secretary, that surely the time had come
wheji ^uch a history might be appropriately written, and that
the Association might sanction it.
The meeting cordially concurred in the suggestion and
further proposed that leave be obtained from the School
Committee to inspect their Minute Books, and to use such
items as might be required. I have to acknowledge the
kindness of the Committee for their ready assent to the
proposal. In the following year an estimate for the book
6 PREFACE.
was laid before the annual meeting, and that assembly em-
powered their Secretary to write the history of the School and
to submit it to the Executive of the Association, who were
authorised to publish it.
The labour of collecting material to fill up the gaps between
the minutes of Committee demanded increased attention, and
occupied all the leisure at my disposal, and it was not till the
Christmas of 1903, that I retired for a month from the unre-
mitting current of work, to the home of my cousin, Edward
Standing, at Birstwith, in Nidderdale, the valley of my maternal
ancestors, — to frame an outline of the seventy years of events.
In the following year I again sought its seclusion, to incor-
porate all the notes collected during the twelve-months. Yet
I am constrained to think that the seeming delay has allowed
time for the discovery of much important information, which
was well worth the waiting for. Also, recent events, such as the
erection of new buildings, the advances in methods of educa-
tion and the institution of scholarships, serve to form a better
historical conclusion than would have been the case a few
years ago.
It was, therefore, with much satisfaction that I was privi-
leged to stay with my cousins Thomas A. and Charlotte Cotton,
at Bishopstoke, Hampshire, during the Christmas and New
Year's holiday of 1905-6, to write out for the third time the
manuscript of the history.
A list of Teachers and Officers, with outlined biography, has
been compiled from the minutes of Committee, and from the
results of much correspondence. The official list of scholars
has been carefully revised and several new names added. I
have to thank Mary Emily Mason, and Frances Morrell Roberts
for their help in ascertaining the names of those within their
knowledge, to whom the Penketh girls were married. Infor-
mation as to the early years has not been obtainable.
Though the portraits of the nine Superintendents appear
in the volume, only those of James Turner, Albert Pollard,
PREFACE. 7
and William Edward Brown are likenesses taken during the
years they were in office. Those of William Groom and
Samuel Evens show them at eighty years of age.
I have to acknowledge the kindness of James Spencer, of
the Northern Photo-Engraving Company, Ltd., of Manchester,
who was so deeply interested in the School, that he spent
many days with me in photographing views, and subsequently
in engraving the illustrations for the book.
My thanks are particularly due to James Turner who, with
his late wife supplied me with much information respecting
their time — by far the longest of all — and also of the two
administrations of their father, Samuel Evens, and for revising
the manuscript of these three periods ; to Joseph T. and
Louisa Gumersall for reading the whole of the proof sheets,
and to Janet Pollard for verifying the account of the career
of her husband, the late Albert Pollard, B.A., and to William
E. Brown, B.A., for his ready aid with the present day
history. I would also mention the labours of Joseph T.
Gumersall in contributing an article on the Flora of the
Penketh district ; of James Arthur Jackson, of Warrington,
for his account of the birds ; and of John Edgar Smith, B.Sc,
for that on the insects. Also my thanks are due to Thomas
George Howell and Walter Wade Willmott for their
reminiscences.
It is pleasant to think of my personal acquaintance with all
the Superintendents of Penketh School except the second one,
William Groom, who emigrated to New Zealand in 1858, but
who has lately become known to me by correspondence ; also
of my knowledge of eighty of the teachers, and all the scholars
from my first visit to the school at the General Meeting of
1870 down to the present time, their number exceeding one
thousand. Of the members of the School Committee, I have
come in contact with all, from the year 1874, when I com-
menced my eleven years' membership of that body. Besides
all these I have many recollections of the times when I was a
8 PREFACE.
visiting master for the subjects of Reading, Writing, Drawing,
and Swimming, till I may say that, though Ackworth was my
own and only school, Penketh became the school of my
adoption, and this history is a testimony to my love for and
interest in it.
Having had so intimate a knowledge of the young hfe in
the School for thirty-iive years, I have been led to expatiate
on the infinitely little, which goes to make up the school lives
of girls and boys, whilst striving to pay due regard to the
weightier matters. I have quoted so much from the Minute
Books of the Committee, that I have thought it best to retain
the Quaker designation of personal names, and of the days
and months, whilst conscious that the use of them has long
ceased within the school itself.
Joseph Spence Hodgson.
Didsbury, Manchester.
May, 1907.
PENKETH SCHOOL.
TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE.
npHE village of Penketh, round which centres this story,
lies on the extreme southern boundary of Lancashire,
and the township of the same name extends to the waters of
the Mersey, which separate it from Cheshire.
The township comprises i,o6o acres of land and 69 of water,
with a population in 1901 of 1,735, to which number it has
gradually risen from 326 a century earlier.
The Friends' School is on the northern boundary, and the
adjoining township of Great Sankey takes in the school's
outbuildings. It lies three miles west of Warrington,
twenty-one from Manchester by road, seven miles to the
east of Prescot, to which parish it belongs, and fifteen miles
from Liverpool. The highway from Manchester to Liverpool,
a distance of thirty-six miles, runs within one hundred yards
of the school, and its estate abuts on this road. The district
is remarkable for the intersection of great commercial high-
ways ; — the first by priority of age being the tidal waters of
the Mersey as far as Warrington ; the second, the Sankey
Brook Navigation from Fiddler's Ferry on the Mersey, in
Penketh Township, to Sutton Heath Collieries, near St. Helens.
This was the first water conveyance for the purpose of trade,
cut, in the year 1775, out of the solid land,* since the
Romans made the Caer Dyke (now filled up) and the Foss
* " History, Directory and Gazetteer of the County Palatine of Lancaster," by
Edward Baines.
10 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
Dyke in Lincolnshire. The latter runs between Brayton
Mere (a natural pool in the river Witham, near Lincoln), to
the river Trent, eleven miles, near to Torksay in Nottingham-
shire, and by the aid of modern engineering is still an
efficient and flourishing water-way.
Before treating of the present modes of conveyance, history
must go back to the time of infamously bad roads, with no
Rural Council to mend them; when weary gangs of pack-
horses traversed the narrow paved bridle paths, to avoid the
tolls of the highways, conveying goods and passengers at a
walking pace. An instance of the latter may be given, when
Doctor John Coakley Lettsom, as a boy, was sent from the
Friends' Meeting School at Penketh, in 1760, all the fifty miles
to Settle on a packhorse, to be apprenticed to Abraham
SutcHffe, the apothecary. Next, the cumbrous but picturesque
fly wagon, with its tilted top, astonished the travelling world
with its five miles an hour speed, and yet it was the pre-
cursor of the stage coach in the good old days, with their
halo of romance and tales of encounter with highwaymen ;
the risks of overturning, the open air travelling by day and by
night, and ever and anon, through snowstorms, and still more
terrible floods. In that golden age, about 1824,* Warrington
alone supphed 800 horses that were gaily harnessed to the
fifty-four coaches, that amid infinite rivalry, daily passed
through the narrow-streeted town — between Liverpool,
Manchester, and London — at the hourly pace of ten and a
half miles. But this age passed away with the advent of
railways.
The first passenger railway was opened in 1830, between
Manchester and Liverpool. It was inconvenient for Penketh
people, as the nearest station for Liverpool was five miles
away, at Rainhill, and for Manchester, three miles off, at
Warrington ; but about 1852 a railway, subsequently acquired
by the London and North Western Railway Company, ran
• " Walks about Warrington," by William Beamont.
TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE.
II
from Warrington, through the township of Penketh, with a
station at Fiddler's Ferry, to Widnes and St. Helens, and was
in process of time continued to Liverpool.
Twenty years went by ere the district was again cut through.
This was by the Cheshire Lines Committee's Railway, from
Manchester to Liverpool, opened in 1873, with a station at
Sankey. This hne passed so close to the south of Penketh
School that it took away a strip of the school estate. It has
BLACK AND WHITE OR HALF-TIMBERED HOUSE IN PEXKETH VILLAGE.
been a great convenience to those visiting the School from
either of Lancashire's great cities.
The ancient family of the township was the Penkeths.*
who held the Lordship of that name until Margaret, daughter
and heiress of Richard Penketh, of Penketh, married Richard
Ashton, who became possessed of it, and in his right his
posterity made it their seat.
A pedigree, showing twelve descents of the family, was
entered at Flower's Visitation in 1567.
* Dictionary of National Biography.
12 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
The Ashton family ended in the He5^woods, of Heywood, in
1629. The manor of Penketh was then vested in the Irelands
of Bewsey, from whom it passed to the Athertons, whose
representative is Lord Lilford.
The old manor house was situated near the new building,
which is now used as a farm house.
The most illustrious native of Penketh must not be passed
over, seeing Shakspeare has given him a place in his play of
Richard the Third, in Act III., Scene V.
Gloucester : ** Go Level, with all speed to Dr. Shaw,
Go thou (to Catesby) to Friar Penker, bid them both
Meet me, within this hour, at Baynard's Castle."
This Thomas Penketh,* of the ancient family of that
name, born about 1437, was a monk in the house of the
Hermit Friars of the Order of Saint Augustine, at Warrington.
At Oxford he obtained the highest marks of honour the
University had to give.
He was called to be Professor of Theology and Philosophy
at Padua. In 1480, having acquired a European renown for
learning and scholarship, he returned to England. He was
at once appointed Provincial of the Hermit Friars of the
Order of St. Augustine throughout England and Ireland,
and was installed in that office, in the house of the Order of
the Austin Friars, London. This high office he filled till 1483,
the year in which Edward the Fourth died.
After the death of the King, Penketh fell under the wiles
of the Duke of Gloucester, who meditated excluding the late
king's sons from succeeding to the crown, on pretence that
they were illegitimate. To give a religious colour to his
intended usurpation, he hypocritically called to his councils
Doctor Shaw and Friar Penketh.
When Penketh, after the Usurper's coronation, attempted
to preach a sermon on his behalf, his voice failed him in the
* " Walks about Warrington," by Wm, Beamont.
TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE. I3
pulpit and he was obliged to leave his discourse unfinished.
Ever afterwards, he felt himself a dishonoured man, by thus
staining his former life and disgracing his Order, which daily
decreased, and was finally dissolved in England.
He did not long benefit by the grant of £io a year for Ufe
from the Usurper, for the consciousness of his fall brought
him to a premature grave.
Besides the agricultural return for the Township of Penketh,
from the arable and grass land, the manufacture of shoes for
exportation was a great house-to-house industry in by-gone
days, of which the mere name of Cobblers' Square is left to
keep alive the tradition. Quite in modern times, the making
of watch wheels, file cutting, cabinet making and brewing
were carried on in the village, nearly all of which occupations
have now gone, and tanning has become the main industry
in the place.
About one-tenth of the land in the township was formerly
a common called Greystone Heath and Doe Green, but in
1868 the inclosure of this waste was allowed, on condition that
six statute acres be allotted for a recreation ground, for ever,
for the village of Penketh, and four or five to the chapel of
Sankey, for a burial ground, for Penketh and Great Sankey
townships, the remainder being divided among the adjoining
landowners. In this cemetery, a mortuary chapel was built
by subscription.
No place of worship appears to have been built in Penketh
in the early days. The inhabitants were wont to attend the
services of the Church of England at Sankey Chapel, in the
next township. This was a Chapel of Ease to the mother
Church of Prescot, and was first built about 1640,* and rebuilt
in 1765, of brick, in the early English style.
The first place of worship in Penketh appears to have been
the Friends' Meeting House, in Meeting Lane, on the edge
of Greystone Heath. George Fox, the founder of the Society
• " History of Sankey," by Wm. Beamont.
1:4 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
•of Friends, visited William Barnes, of Great Sankey, three
times ; first in 1667 and twice in 1669, when he established
Ihe Monthly Meetings of Lancashire.
The Meetings for Worship of this body were mostly held in
WilHam Barnes's farm house, till in 1681 a Meeting House
was built, in the graveyard purchased in 1671. This house
was rebuilt on the same site in 1736. The registers of Friends
have been kept from 1657, so that Meetings for Worship must
have been held from that date.
More than eighty years passed before the Wesleyan body
built their chapel, in 1818. Much later, in 1890, a Church
Mission Room was erected.
The schools of the township date back as far as 1692, when
Ihe Society of Friends built a school-house, on the edge of the
graveyard adjoining their Meeting House ; Gilbert Thompson,
formerly of Sedbergh, who kept a Friends* Day School in
Penketh from 1687, removed his pupils to this new building.
This day school was kept on intermittently, for 191 years,
till the school-house was taken down in 1878. During these
years several boys passed through the school, who became
illustrious in the Society of Friends, and in the nation.
Springett Penn, great-grandson of William Penn, the
Founder of Pennsylvania ; Edmund Peckover, 1695-1767,
•a distinguished Minister in the Society of Friends ; Dr.
J. C. Lettsom, the leading physician in London after Dr.
Fothergill ; George Harrison, one of the first Committee, in
1783, for the abolition of the Slave Trade ; and John
Bright, the most illustrious of all, who was under Joseph
Edmondson for one year, 1821-2.
Over the border in Great Sankey was a school, attached to
Sankey Chapel, to which the children of Penketh went ; this
gave place to the Board School in recent times. The School
built by the Society of Friends in Penketh Township, in 1834,
had no connection with the much older school, that belonged
to the Friends of Penketh Preparative Meeting.
X
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X
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Ui
TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE. 15
The Day Star School, built by Robert Garnett, sen., for his
work-people's children, was opened in 1854, ^^ the corner of
Chapel Road and Station Road. It did excellent service as
a school, and for the holding of Wesleyan classes and Tem-
perance meetings, till in i860 it was found to be inadequate,
and the Wesleyan schoolroom was built by subscription, and
is now called the Elementary Day School. An Infants' School
in Warrington Road was built by Mr. Gaskell, late of Penketh
House, in memory of a deceased daughter.
THE INITIATION OF THE FRIENDS^
BOARDING SCHOOL, PENKETH.
n^HE subject of the education of the children of Friends
in low circumstances in Lancashire had its origin in a
proposition, addressed by the Marsden Monthly Meeting in
1817, to Lancashire Quarterly Meeting, that a fund should be
raised for the education of the children of Friends in needy^
circumstances. The Minute is as follows :
" Rochdale, 20th of 3rd month, 1817.
" Minute 17. A proposition is directed to be taken to the
Quarterly Meeting by our representatives, from this meeting,
requesting a Quarterly Meeting's fund for defraying the
expense of poor children sent to Ackworth School."
The Quarterly Meeting appointed a committee to consider
it. Its report came through the Monthly Meeting to the
Preparative Meeting of Penketh, which entered it on its
minutes on the 23rd of nth month, 1817, as follows : —
'* Upon the subject of the Education of the children of
Friends generally, the Committee is impressed with the belief
that a suitable school or schools for the education of the
children of the Society is much wanted in this county, and
though it has not seen its way clear to make any specified
proposition to the Quarterly Meeting relative to it, it strongly^
recommends that the care of the Quarterly Meeting be con--
tinued for the promotion of this desirable object.*'
FRIENDS BOARDING SCHOOL. I7-
The Quarterly Meeting retained the Committee, to carrjr
out the raising of a fund for the education of poor children
in the Society, and Charles Parker, James Cropper, Jacob-
Bright, William and James Midgley were chosen, and directed
to take under their consideration the report respecting the-
establishing of a school or schools. This committee met
at the house of Robert Benson, of Preston.
Penketh Preparative Meeting deferred taking steps to raise-
a fund for education, seeing the Quarterly Meeting had taken
it up. On the 22nd of 2nd month, 1818, the said meeting
directed that a " twelve fold " subscription be collected
towards the fund. The said *' fold *' was a unit that could
be multiplied as occasion required. The result was the small'
sum of ;f9 ; and as the value of the unit or ** fold " was then
i8s. 6d., the total raised fell short of the twelve times required.
This may be some guide to the value of the enthusiasm for-
the question of education at that time.
On the 22nd of nth month, 1818, a further report of the-
Quarterly Meeting's Committee occurs on the Penketh
Meeting's minutes : " The Committee on Education not being
able to come to any decided judgment as regards the estab-
lishment of one general boarding school, and being of opinion
that a part of the present wants of the Society in this Quarterly
Meeting, in regard to education, may be remedied by the
formation of suitable day schools, or local boarding schools,
proposes to the Quarterly Meeting to recommend to Friends,
of Penketh and Marsden Meetings to endeavour to establish
such schools, to be conducted by members of our Society, and.
further, that the Quarterly Meeting do offer out of the fund
already formed, such pecuniary aid to the meetings where-
schools may be established, as it may appear to the Quarterly
Meeting that they deserve and require."
It was reported also that the Yearly Meeting's Epistle on.
Education had been read in the Monthly Meetings and.
distributed.
l8 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
The Penketh Preparative Meeting appointed a committee,
to consider the subject of the Quarterly Meeting's Minute,
relative to establishing a school in Penketh Meeting.
This committee brought in the following report on the
i8th of 7th mo., 1819 : ** There is now a school at Penketh
conducted by a Friend, Joseph Edmondson. It consists
of thirty-one scholars, fourteen of whom are members of our
Society. Six of those who belong to Friends are day scholars,
and the remaining eight are boarders in Friends' families.
We believe the amount of the produce of the school according
to the preceding statement of numbers to be about £50 per
annum, which we consider inadequate to remunerate the
master for his exemplary care and attention. The average
expense of the boarders, including education, we believe to
be about twenty guineas per annum, exclusive of clothing."
Hardshaw Monthly Meeting made this minute on the
9th of 6th mo., 1822 : " Friends at Penketh having informed
this meeting that further convenience for the education of
girls at Penketh Meeting School is desirable, we appoint a
committee to examine the premises and report." A minute
of the following month states : ** The Committee on Education
of Girls at Penketh are of opinion, that the Meeting House
may be advantageously used for that purpose at present."
No record has been found which states that the Meeting
House was so used. Joseph Edmondson was carrying on a
boys' day school at that time in which were included a few
girls, as set forth in John Bright' s reminiscences of his school
year (1821-2), at the above school.
A concern had arisen in the Yearly Meeting in London in
1828, which was embodied in a minute of that meeting, and
sent down to all the Quarterly Meetings, with a recommenda-
tion to give it their particular attention, and to respond to
it at the next Yearly Meeting. It was to this effect : '' The
attention of this meeting has been closely turned to the
situation of children who attend our Meetings for worship.
FRIENDS BOARDING SCHOOL. IQ
but who are not in membership with us, such children being
the offspring of parents not in affluence. Their present
circumstances, both with regard to the moral and religious
instruction, and also the exercise of a Christian interest in
the welfare of the parents of such children, are recommended
to the particular notice of the respective Quarterly Meetings,
and the said meetings are desired to report to the next Yearly
Meeting whether they have paid attention to the subject.'*
The Lancashire Quarterly Meeting having had this subject
before them ten years previously, and having an earnest desire
for the education of the children in their meeting, took up
the matter spiritedly at the next meeting, and made the follow-
ing minute, 19th of 6th mo., 1828 : " The recommendation
of the Yearly Meeting respecting children who attend our
Meetings for Worship, but who are not in membership with
us, also respecting the parents of such children, is referred
to a committee of Friends, and to such other as are inclined to
unite with them, and they are to report to this meeting."
These twenty-two Educationists wrote a circular letter,
dated Liverpool, 7th mo., 1828, which was signed by Robert
Benson. It was sent round among Friends of the Quarterly
Meeting, together with a copy of the Minute of the Yearly
Meeting, and it contained the following suggestions : —
I. — The number of children whose parents are likely to
avail themselves of the education the Society has in view.
2. — Local situation.
3. — Whether now receiving education.
4. — Circumstances of parents.
5. — Suggestions for establishing either a day or boarding
school.
This Committee reported to the Liverpool Quarterly
Meeting on i6th of 4th mo., 1829, that they '* have had under
consideration the subject of the education of the children of
parents not in membership and not in affluence, but they
have not been able to form any conclusion as to the means
3
20 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
of providing for their education. They are of opinion that
this subject ought not to be lost sight of, and recommend
the re-appointment of the Committee. As a result of their
investigations they append the statistics of the children in
the Quarterly Meeting.
" Boys, 121 ; Girls, 133 ; total, 254, under eight years ;
117 of which are under five years.
" Boys, 68 ; Girls, 73 ; total, 141, from eight to fourteen
years — total 395 ; 81 of whom are receiving a moderate degree
of education."
At a later meeting of the same committee a further advance
was made as embodied in a minute, i6th of 9th mo., 1829 :
" It appears to be the judgment of this meeting that an
attempt should be made to establish a Boarding School for
the education of those in low and moderate circumstances,
upon a low scale of expenditure, and a sub-committee has been
appointed to arrange a plan and to make inquiries for a
suitable Superintendent and to make a report."
This sub-committee reported in 8th of ist mo., 1830, to this
effect : " That a Boarding School for about fifty boys should
be established in the neighbourhood of Liverpool. It is
recommended that donations be solicited from Friends in
the Monthly Meetings of Lancashire, to the amount of £600
and annual subscriptions to ;f400, which, with the addition
of what parents would pay as fees, would enable Friends
to rent and furnish suitable premises, and to maintain the
establishment."
In the fourth month of 1830, a printed circular, signed by
Isaac Cooke was issued to the members of the Quarterly
Meeting of Lancashire by this committee, stating : *' That
there were 395 children of persons not in affluence within the
Quarterly Meeting under fourteen years of age, whose parents
are connected with the Society of Friends, but who are not in
membership. Of this number, 105 are boys who are in the
habit of attending Friends' Meetings, and whose parents are
FRIENDS BOARDING SCHOOL. 21
desirous that they should receive a religious and guarded
education. A Boarding School for fifty boys is suggested
to be situated near Liverpool. As boys are more exposed
and less under care, they consider it best to commence a
school for them only. Friends are to rent and furnish premises,
in which useful instruction may be provided, combined with
some degree of agricultural or mechanical labour. The
charge to be regulated by the abilities of the parents, but in
no case to exceed £io per annum. In the Blue Coat School,
Liverpool, where 350 boys and girls are educated, the average
expense for each child was £10 los., that is, for food £5 los.,
clothing £2 los., salaries and wages, etc. £2 los. This scale
is deemed sufficient for the intended Friends' School, with
the addition of two or three pounds to defray rent and taxes
and salaries."
The Quarterly Meeting's Committee met at Manchester
15th of 9th mo., 1830, and reported the following promises
of money :
Don.
Sub.
£ s. d.
£ s. d.
Lancaster Monthly Meeting . .
6 16
Hardshaw East „
52 8
12 II
Preston
600
600
Hardshaw West „
. . 255
80
Marsden
£313 8
£ios 7
The Lancashire Quarterly Meeting deliberated upon this
report and embodied their conclusion in the following minute,
2ist of 1st mo., 1831 : —
" On consideration of the report from the Committee on
Education, this meeting does not think it suitable at present
to attempt establishing a Boarding School, for the education
of children of those in low or moderate circumstances, who
are in the practice of attending our meetings, but who are
not in membership, but recommend the education of such
22 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
children to the especial care of the Monthly and Preparative
Meetings in the compass of which they reside. The Committee
is discharged."*
This extended desire in the Quarterly Meeting was, however,
a step in advance ; — formerly the care was towards the children
of those in low circumstances, but now there was an awakening
to the fact that there were children in the practice of attend-
ing the Meetings of Friends who ought to receive consideration.
Some of these might be the children of parents who had
lost their membership by marrying contrary to the rules of
the Society of Friends. Such disownments were beginning
to be recognised as one of the main causes of the decline in
numbers of the whole Society, f
For the second time in the evolution of the movement,
there was a lull in the interest of setting up a boarding school.
On both occasions it might be said that the subject was
dropped by the Quarterly and Monthly Meetings.
Reasons have been sought for to account for the sudden
springing up of the old interest for a boarding school, at what
may be called a by-meeting for the care of the poor, of the
Hardshaw Monthly Meetings, when the subject of the school
was not on minute to be discussed.
The reason lay hidden in an article by William Thistle-
thwaite, in The Friend, of 9th mo., 1843, which happily has
come to light and given the solution as follows :
'' About the time of the agitation of the question of educa-
tion, the subject of the formation of " Colonies at Home,*'
had been warmly entered into by some of the most benevolent
and the best men in our own and other Societies ; and the
* There was no school in Penketh Village from the time of Joseph Edmondson's
retirement in 1834 till the year 1846.
t This decline may be shown in the following statement : —
Estimate for the early years according to William Tallack 80,000
Estimate for 1680 according to John S. Rowntree . . 60,000
Estimate for 1702 according to Wm. Thistlethwaite 40,000
Estimate for 1800 19,800
Estimate for 1831 16,000
Estimate for 1864 13,760
While at the last date there were 3,566 non-members or attenders of meetings.
ISAAC COOKE.
FRIENDS BOARDING SCHOOL. 23
building of Penketh School arose out of the establishment
of one of these colonies about 1830.
*' James Cropper, of Liverpool, associated with his friend,
Isaac Cooke, of the same town, conceived the idea of building
cottages with portions of land attached near Penketh Meeting
House and designed for the occupancy of poor Friends from
small country meetings, who would come and live, and love,
and work together. Yet somehow this scheme did not
appeal to the parties intended to be benefited, who seemed
to prefer their own independence. The result was that the
above two Friends, — ^both of whom had previously promised
to subscribe to a Friends' Boarding School — offered to transfer
to the Friends of Hardshaw Monthly Meetings, the five acres
of ground, worth about £400, and the two cottages on the
land, and to give £200 in money, provided a school were erected
on the spot and secured to trustees for a permanent estab-
lishment.*'
After this munificent offer of land and money, it is no
matter of surprise that at the close of the aforesaid meeting
for the care of the poor, in Manchester on the i6th of 4th mo.,
1834, the subject of a Boarding School at Penketh revived
and burst into flame.
It was then and there concluded that the proposal should
be adopted. A committee of twenty members was appointed
to collect donations and arrange for annual subscriptions,
as well as to use their endeavours to carry the same into
effect, on the most economical plan and limiting the school
fee to £6 per child.
The old interest awakened into new enthusiasm so that in
a fortnight's time the following amounts were reported :
Don. Sub.
;£ s. d. i s. d.
Hardshaw East Monthly Meeting .. 65 2 o 1313 o
Hardshaw West ,, ,, .. 125 o o 151 14 6
i\^ 2 o ;£i65 7 6
24 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
These amounts were considered sufficient to warrant the
Committee in proceeding with the scheme of estabhshing a
School. Isaac Cooke was appointed the Treasurer, and Joseph
Crosfield the clerk of the Committee.
The premises in Penketh village, called Penketh House, were
examined, and considered sufficiently eligible for making a
commencement. They had been built by Joseph Edmond-
son, the Master of the Friends' School, near the Meeting House,
for his own private boarding school, and he removed to
them in 1826. But after carrying on the school for several
years, one of his pupils was drowned whilst bathing in the
river Mersey, and on this account Joseph Edmondson was
compelled to discontinue his school.
The house was only about half-a-mile from the land, on
which it was intended to erect the permanent school buildings.
A rent of £65 for one year, commencing on the ist of 7th mo.,
1834, which included the taking of fixtures, was agreed
upon.
The school was to be conducted with rigid economy, and its
essential character was to be that of combining with religious
and moral instruction, the education of children in useful
knowledge, with the addition of extensive manual employ-
ment, chiefly in agriculture, with a view to diminishing the
expenses of maintenance and education.
James Cropper and Isaac Cooke were requested to prepare
a circular and publish it, with a statement that a Master was
wanted for the new school, whose salary would be about £45,
with such food as the children would be supplied with ; also
that a Matron would be required. Both these were to be
members of the Society of Friends. The number of children
was not to exceed twenty-five boys and fifteen girls.
This circular went into much interesting detail as to the
qualifications required of its first officers : —
" The Master, in addition to useful learning comprising
reading, writing, and arithmetic, should have some knowledge
friends' boarding school. 25
of agriculture and gardening, with some mechanical trade,
so as to enable him to instruct the children therein.
** The Matron, with the help of a young woman (whose
salaries should be moderate), would be required to superintend
the household, and teach the girls to sew, and to make and
repair articles of clothing. As no servants would be kept, the
girls would be taught to do housework, and be instructed in
the several branches of housewifery. Only one table would be
provided — economy in every respect being the watchword
of the establishment. If the managers wished for any food
different from that of the children, it must be supplied at
their own cost. The result of the children's labour at first
being uncertain, subscriptions should be obtained to the
amount of £250, and buildings erected on the five acres of
land, recently presented, to the extent of £800." At a subse-
quent meeting held at Liverpool, 13th of 5th mo., 1834, it
was decided that the fee for admission of children should be
from £6 to £14, and ;£io for those sent by the Monthly Meetings.
The two Liverpool Friends, James Cropper and Isaac
Cooke, who were so instrumental in founding and advancing
Penketh School by their continued benevolence, are worthy
of a passing biography as well as the presentation of their
portraits in this work.
James Cropper was born at Winstanley, Lancashire, in
1773. He was the son of '* honest " Thomas Cropper, pro-
prietor of the land which he farmed, and steward for several
neighbouring estates. James Cropper became a merchant
shipowner in Liverpool, and one of the pioneers of the Liver-
pool shipping trade with America.
While successfully engaged in commerce, he devoted a
vast amount of time to philanthropic objects. He worked
extremely hard, with Wilber force and others, in the anti-
slavery movement, interested himself very much in the
condition of Ireland and its peasantry, and travelled through-
out the country in this cause.
26 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
He founded an agricultural school and orphan house for
boys at Femhead, near Padgate, to the east of Warrington.
This was an institution on which James Cropper's mind had
dwelt for more than twenty years, as one over which he could
give a general superintendence. On the very day — the
1st August, 1834 — o^ which the Bill for the Abolition of
Slavery in the British Dominions was passed, did James
Cropper open his Femhead School as a memorial of the
occasion.
A month later the school at Penketh, three miles to the
west of Warrington, in which he haid been so interested, was
also opened. James Cropper died on the 26th of 3rd mo.
(March), 1840.
Isaac Cooke was a cotton broker in Liverpool and one of
the founders of the Bank of Liverpool. He continued from
the founding of Penketh School until his death, on the 13th
of nth mo. (November), 1862, a member of the Committee
and a constant and liberal supporter of the Institution.
WILLIAM THISTLETHWAITE.
WILLIAM THISTLETHWAITE'S
SUPERINTENDENCY,
1 834- 1 846.
T7ROM the foregoing chapter it will be seen that to James
Cropper in particular, and to his friend Isaac Cooke,
must be given the lasting honour of being the founders of
Penketh School.
The preliminaries for establishing the school having been
gone through, the response to the circular asking for a Master
was considered, and William Thistlethwaite, of Bainbridge
in Wensleydale, in the old Richmond Monthly Meeting,
was chosen as the first Superintendent.
He was born in 1813 in Widdale,* a lonely valley branch-
ing from the head of Wensleydale. His parents removed
seven years later, to the even more secluded, yet lovelier vale
of Dent, situate nearer the western boundary of Yorkshire.
The boy William was sent to John Alderson's school at
Lea Yeat, towards the head of the valley. In 1825, when at
the age of twelve years, he passed on to Ackworth School
where he stayed two years. He was then put apprentice to
James Thistlethwaite, of Bainbridge, dogger and leather
cutter, a trade which was not to the young man's liking.
His master, seeing that his apprentice was wholly bent
on the improvement of his mind, released him towards the end
of his term, and William Thistlethwaite, to his delight, was
♦ " Annual Monitor," 1871.
27
28 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
fortunate in securing the conduct of a school at Counterside,
higher up the lonely dale that runs up to Semer Water.
There he continued with satisfaction till the year 1834, and
freely turned his mind to those principles of education of
which he became so able an exponent.
At the age of twenty-one, a wider opportunity presented
itself, for taking up his favourite subject of the teaching of
youth, when on the 14th of 8th mo., 1834, the Penketh
Education Committee accepted him as the first Superintendent
of their new School.
Simultaneously with this engagement, Isaac Cooke,
on behalf of Christopher Bentham and James Cropper,
brought forward the following detailed scheme of regulations
for the government of the school, which they had been re-
quested to prepare.
REGULATIONS ISSUED FOR THE CONDUCT OF
PENKETH SCHOOL.
UNDER THE CARE OF A COMMITTEE OF HARDSHAW EAST
AND HARDSHAW WEST MONTHLY MEETINGS.
"A preference is to be given to those residing within the
Monthly Meetings above mentioned.
" The instruction is extended to reading, writing, arithmetic,
geography and grammar, with such other branches of learning
in English as circumstances admit of. Discretionary power
is given to admit at rates from £6 to ^f 14, which latter sum is
the full average cost of the Institution. One year's pa5mrient is
to be made in advance. Children can be placed on the list of
admission at eight years old, and none are to remain at school
after fourteen years, except they are allowed by the Committee.
''The expense of conve5dng children to and fro is to be borne
by the parents.
WILLIAM THISTLETH WAITERS SUPERINTENDENCY. 29
*' With a view of promoting the permanency of the good
eifects of education, it is reconmiended that parents who want
places for their children give six months' notice, and be
enrolled in a book kept for the purpose."
In the prospect of thus establishing a school at once, and
in consideration of the unavoidable delay consequent on the
building of a school-house upon the land just acquired,,
the Committee decided to seek for temporary premises.
The recently vacated school at Penketh House in the village,,
was rented from Joseph Edmondson at £65 a year, from the
1st of 7th mo., 1834. This afforded accommodation for
sixteen boarders besides the family, with detached school-
rooms adjoining.
Eight applications for the admission of children came
before the Committee. The first three children admitted
were George Griffiths, of Llangollen, aged eleven, Henry
Tregilgas, of Mold, and William Groom, of Chester, who was
ten years old ; all at the rate of £6 per annum.
Though these were the first admissions, yet they do not
appear in the same relation on the official register,* in which
book the scholars were entered in the order of arrival. Thus
the first four registered were Edward Barnes, of Liverpool ;
William Groom, of Chester ; Henry Tregilgas, of Mold ;
and George Griffiths, of Llangollen.
It was found necessary that the large preliminary Committee
of the School should have a few of its number appointed to
carry out the detailed work. Those chosen were Isaac Cooke,
of Liverpool, John PhiHp Milner and Joseph Crosfield, of
Warrington, and John Davies, of Penketh. This sub-com~
mittee was to meet once a month or of tener, while the General
Committee were to assemble every three months.
* This is a list kept by the Headmaster of the sdiolars as they enter and as they leave
the sdiool . No similar register of the Teachers and Officers has been kept. A list of Teachers
has been compiled for this history, and a list of scholars which will be found at the end of the
book.
30 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
The two Monthly Meetings of Hardshaw — East and West —
were asked to appoint a committee of Women Friends.
So far, no one had appHed for the office of Matron, which
necessitated the engagement of a servant. But on the
29th of 8th mo., 1834, th^t important post was taken by
Mary Airay, a Friend from Penketh village. Her duties were
defined as Matron-Housekeeper, and her salary was £20.
Very practical men were the members of this sub-committee,
and right cheerfully did they set about to do their fair share
of fitting up the Institution. John Davies, Yeoman, was
authorised to purchase a cow, to provide milk for the family ;
John Philip Milner, clothier, was the most fit and proper
person to buy a drugget, washing tubs, a mangle, a kitchen-
dresser and a twenty-gallon iron boiler. Isaac Cooke, the
cotton-broker, was commissioned to purchase chairs, fire-
irons and fender for the sitting-room ; Joseph Crosfield, the
soap-boiler, had the duty of buying a clock, and John P. Milner
and John Oddie, the grocer, were to order for the present
such provisions and coals as might be wanted, and the former
had to superintend the buying of the boys' shirts and caps ;
and finally Isaac Cooke was to get the '' Regulations '* printed,
ready for the opening of the school.
Some little, time would be needful to fit out the boys for
school after their admission on the 14th of 8th mo., for by
the first printed report of the Committee of Management the
actual opening day of the temporary school at Penketh House
is stated to have been the 30th of 9th mo. (September), 1834.
In two months' time this energetic sub-committee reported
that John Davies had transferred his commission of buying a
cow to Joseph Sim, who had paid £14 los. for one. The
first week's food had cost half-a-crown each for fourteen
persons, but towards the end of the year the cost of eleven
children was at the rate of £5 6s. each per annum.
The early diet was simple — oatmeal porridge for breakfast ;
:a piece of bread at eleven o'clock ; dinner, often of Irish Stew,
WILLIAM THISTLETHWAITE's SUPERINTENDENCY. 3I
with an occasional joint and suet dumpling and treacle, with
variations ; bread and milk for supper.
The contract for shoes was i6s. each child per annum,
and clothes £2, making the total cost per child of £S 2s.
in food and clothing. The labour of the eleven boys had been
so far confined to getting up potatoes and other work in the
garden, and it is possible that the one girl who had arrived
filled the office of dair5miaid and milked the cow.
PENKETH HOUSE, THE TEMPORARY PREMISES OF SCHOOL, 1834-6.
The large Committee of Management met at Warrington
on nth of 12th mo., 1834, ^tnd with them many other Friends.
Conversation was entered into as to the advisability of
building a house and school, on the five acres of land given
by James Cropper and Isaac Cooke. It resxilted in the sub-
committee being authorised to get clay cast, that would
make 80,000 bricks. This was to be got on the allotted
land, and the hole thus made was to serve for the cellaring
of the new building.
32 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
Three months from the opening of the School in Joseph
Edmondson's house, the sub-committee in their zeal, thought
well to have an examination of the children in attainment,
and moreover they initiated the wholesome custom of dining
with the family, and left on record that they approved of the
food provided. After dinner, these Friends took a short
stroll to look at the land so kindly given by Janies Cropper
for the school, and fix upon the site of the building.
William Thistlethwaite's kindness of heart no doubt
prompted him to consult this committee on the question of
the correction of the scholars. A careful consideration of
the subject led them to disapprove of corporal punishment ;
yet no absolute prohibition was determined upon.
Even at that early day, it was deemed most sanitary that
each boy should have a bed to himself, so additional bed-
stocks were ordered. Possibly they were of the same unique
design as the cosy high-sided ones generally in use in 1870,
which were nicknamed by the boys '' Knife boxes,'* that kept
the sleeper from rolling out, or kicking his neighbours.
The number of the General Committee was increased to
twenty-nine, till at length it was thought to be more workable
if reduced to a standard of twenty-four. This was fixed on
the 6th of 4th mo. (April), 1835, ^^^ the names were these :
Isaac Cooke, James Cropper, Isaac Hadwen, Jun., Isaac
Robson, Charles Holmes, George Crosfield, Christopher
Bentham, Mark Leicester, Robert Benson, Samuel Satter-
thwaite, Joseph Sim, Joseph Crosfield, John Philip Milner,
Joseph Compton, Ralph Neild, Joseph Eveleigh, Wilson
Crewdson, Joseph Rooke, Samuel Eveleigh, Thomas Binyon,
Benjamin Pearson, John Oddie, John Davies and Edward
West.
The Women Friends appointed to assist the Men's Com-
mittee in the supervision of the domestic part of the estab-
lishment were at first thirteen in number, and the date of
their appointment was the 19th of 9th mo. (September),
WILLIAM THISTLETHWAITE S SUPERINTENDENCY. 33
1836, at an adjourned General Meeting ; the names were
these : Ann Bolton, Hannah Crosfield, Sarah Cooke, Elizabeth
Fell, Martha Fletcher, Eliza Davies, Margaret Crosfield,
Tabitha Hadwen, Sarah Frankland, Hannah Harrison,
Elizabeth Crosfield, Margaret West and Mary Ann Satter-
thwaite.
The terms of the original gift of the property were altered
on the 12th of 6th mo. (June), 1835, which are recorded in
this important Minute of Committee :
" James Cropper and Isaac Cooke, having a lease for 1,000
years of the six acres of land on pa5mrient of £22 los. per
annimi, now change their original gift of five acres (valued
at £400), into a gift of the lease for 1,000 years of the six
acres and two cottages thereon, which latter let for £13, so that
the School would now be at the annual charge of £9 los. rent."
The school at Penketh House, opened, as before stated,
on the 30th of 9th mo., 1834, with eight children. This number
was increased in six months to thirteen boys and three girls ;
the extent of the accommodation being limited to sixteen
with the addition of the heads of the family. The average
cost all round was £12 15s. per child, exclusive of rent.
On the 9th of 9th rao., 1835, Robert Garnett, of Penketh,
produced his estimate, plans and specification for building
the school, amounting to £561 i6s. : this did not include
the porch and front door. To this the Committee agreed..
A month later, notice was given to Joseph Edmondson
that the school would vacate his premises at Penketh House
on the 1st of 5th mo., 1835. Many things, however, oc-
curred to delay the completion of the school house, and more
than a year elapsed ere the Committee could enter on its
Minutes on 4th of 7th mo. (July), 1836, " That the new
premises had been partially occupied for a few days, and that
this day the family intend to lodge in them." Thus the
temporary premises of Penketh House were used for the space
of one year and ten months.
34 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
The first General Meeting of Penketh School must have
created considerable interest, as being the occasion of the
first pubHc statement of the result of the new scheme. It was
held at Warrington on the 14th of ist mo. (January), 1836.
The meeting was important, for therein the Institution
became consolidated by the appointment of Trustees for the
new building and estate.
In Hardshaw East Monthly Meeting, the names were :
Samuel Satterthwaite, John Oddie, Wilson Crewdson, William
Edward Milnet, James Hall, Jun., Joseph Crosfield, Thomas
Binyon, William Neild, of Manchester.
In Hardshaw West Monthly Meeting : John Cropper,
Isaac Hadwen, Jun., William Blain, Roger Waterhouse,
Simon Crosfield, Isaac Bancroft Cooke, Henry EUerthorp
Robson, George Thompson.
The general management of the School was then and
there agreed to be invested in a General Meeting, which should
meet annually either at Penketh or Warrington, in the eighth
month, and occasionally, if summoned by the Standing
Committee of Superintendence.
" Such General Meeting to be constituted of seven repre-
sentatives, to be annually appointed by each of the Monthly
Meetings of Hardshaw East, and Hardshaw West, of the
Trustees of the School, of the Treasurer and the Standing
Committee, and of such other members of the said Monthly
Meetings as may be then present.
*' Further, that there shall be laid before it a Report of the
general state of the School, of the progress made by the
children, and of the income and expenditure.
'' That the Treasurer, Clerk and Standing Committee be
annually appointed. That this Committee shall meet each
month, or oftener if occasion require it. That they shall have
the power of admitting and dismissing the children, and of
appointing or removing the oflftcers or servants of the estab-
lishment, and of fixing the salaries of the same, and of settling
WILLIAM thistlethwaite's superintendency. 35
the terms of admission, subject to the directions and control
of the General Meeting.
" Caleb Haworth was to prepare a Trust Deed : ' The
Trustees shall convey to new Trustees, when the number is
reduced to five, and the conveyance to be to such Trustees
only as the General Meeting shall direct/ '*
To correct any misapprehension, it is well to give part of
the text of this Trust Deed, so as to make it clear that the
School was opened firstly for those children who were brought
up in the principles of Friends, but were not in membership,
and secondly for those who were members of the Society of
Friends and in Hmited circumstances.
The indenture of assignment was dated ist of 12th mo.,
1837, wherein the said James Cropper and Isaac Cooke did
bargain, sell, assign, transfer, and set over, unto sixteen Friends
the above said property on the same terms.
And this is the Declaration of the Trust, viz. : —
*' And whereas the persons assembling as the meeting
usually known by the name of Hardshaw East Monthly
Meeting of the Society of Friends commonly called Quakers,
and the persons assembling as the meeting usually known
by the name of Hardshaw West Monthly Meeting of the same
Society, have mutually agreed to concur with the said James
Cropper and Isaac Cooke in establishing a school at Penketh
aforesaid, for the purposes of giving a religious, moral and useful
education to children who are brought up in the principles
and practices of the said Society, but not members thereof,
also to children who are members of the said Society, and who
are orphans, or whose parents are in low circumstances in life
as to property ; such children in all the cases residing within
the limits of the said two Monthly Meetings of Hardshaw
East and Hardshaw West, yet not to the exclusion of Children
of the same description residing elsewhere at the discretion
of the Committee hereinafter named when the School is not
full; it being also the design of the founders of the said
36
HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
Institution to combine labour with instruction, and thereby
promote habits of industry in the children/' and so forth.
The whole of the deed is too long for insertion.
The first report of the Committee of Management was
printed and circulated on the 8th of ist mo., 1836.
It stated that great satisfaction was felt at the results of
the interesting institution at Penketh. The progress of the
children in the various branches of learning, including know-
ledge of Scripture had fully equalled expectations.
The statement of accounts showed the subscriptions to have
been from
;^ s. d.
Hardshaw West Monthly Meeting, 1834 . . .. 150 13 6
1835 .. .. 141 10 6
Hardshaw East ,, ,, • . • • • • 46 2 o
£Z2>^ 6 o
Donations for Investment.
£
s.
d.
Hardshaw West M.M.
128
Hardshaw East M.M.
198
Lancaster M.M.
25
Marsden M.M.
20
Hardshaw Estates
200
Jas. Cropper and Isaac
Cooke
200
Balance due to J. C.
and I.e.
252
£^
,023
Expendt. of Invested Capital.
£ s. d.
Building Contract 595 o o
Bricks & Flagging 99 o o
Brick making . . 103 o o
Wages . . 700
Draining, etc. . . 10 o o
Furniture, Fix-
tures and Stock 209 o o
^ 1,023 o o
Average number of children in the School, 3 1 .
Cost per child inclusive of Rent .. .. .. £1^ 12 3
Cost per child exclusive of Rent
;fl3.I2 o
The staff of officials mentioned in the first report
were William Thistlethwaite, Master: Mary Airay, Matron;
WILLIAM THISTLETHWAITE'S SUPERINTENDENCY. 37
the latter doing no teaching. The Master would therefore
have the general management and the whole of the teaching,
and that in a school which increased to thirty boys and
eighteen girls, by the end of 1836.
It must have required considerable arrangement to fit in
manual labour and domestic work with class teaching, in
which boys and girls were taught separately, for William
Groom (No 2 boy), in his letter from New Zealand, dated
31st of loth mo., 1906, said he had no recollection of boys and
girls being taught together for the first two years. For the
second two years, William Groom was at home, but on his
return as a scholar in 1838, he remembers that Maria Whitten
taught "a mixed class of boys and girls. This Maria Whitten
succeeded Mary Airay on the 15th 11 mo., 1836. She was a
woman of so great capability that she undertook both teaching
and housekeeping, till the year 1842, but during the last two
months of her time, she kept entirely to teaching and the
oversight of the girls, and was the first to be officially called
" Governess.*' She brought with her, her son Henry, two
years old ; a fortnight later, her daughter Maria — six and a half
years old, — followed, and in two years more, her daughtet
Eliza, aged seven, and all were entered on the official list.
Maria Whitten ended her valuable service for the School
on the 24th of 7th mo., 1842. It is pleasant to know that
the evening of her life was passed at the sunny seaside resort
of Southport, surrounded by many Friends, and there she died
at the ripe age of eighty-two years, on the 7th of 6th mo.,
1889.
Towards the close of 1836, the consideration of holidays
was brought forward, and it was agreed that the children
should be allowed to visit their respective homes for ten
days, the first trial of a holiday scheme which Edward West,
of Warrington, during the next ten years advocated so
strenuously for Ackworth School, and which he had the
satisfaction of seeing accomplished in 1847.
38 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
In 1838, the holiday term at Penketh was increased to
twenty-five days ; at which time the scholars numbered
thirty-seven, of whom twenty-two were boys and fifteen girls,
and only four of these were members of the Society of Friends.
It is refreshing to find that most of the husbandry was
done by the Master and his boys working together ; and
also that the girls made most of their own clothes, besides
taking their share of the household duties. It is not sur-
prising then, that after another year's experience, the Report
of 1837 ^^% confirmed the opinion of the advantage of
combining labour with education.
The Master, though in the prime of manhood, must have felt
the continued bodily and mental strain encroaching on his
powers of endurance. It is with a sense of relief that a minute
is found authorising William Thistlethwaite to engage a
countryman of his, one George Milner, of Bainbridge, at four
shillings a week, with no doubt *' all found " to attend to the
garden, field and cows.
The tenants of the two cottages on the land, one of whom
was Charles Lomax, the gardener, had two-thirds of their
garden ground taken from them and the rent reduced to £6
each. One of these houses was taken for a cottage hospital
for the school children at the end of 1839.
The school was considered full with the family and forty-
seven children, but as there was a prospect of continued
applications for admission, it became necessary to build a
new schoolroom in the beginning of 1839. ^^^^ was of one
storey, on the west side of the main building and at right
angles with it, but on a lower level by three steps. It was a
somewhat dismal looking room for light-hearted children,
with a blank wall on the sunset side, against the boys' old
playground, and the windows toward the sunrising looking
into the overshadowed courtyard, which was all the playground
the girls possessed. This room was divided by movable
shutters into three compartments. The one nearest the
WILLIAM THISTLETHWAITE's SUPERINTENDENCY. 39
iFont-deor was the boys' schoolroom, the second the girls'
-school, and the end one the girls' washing and bathing room.
All these had flagged floors, which occasioned a cold, damp
ieeling, and the walls were unplastered, but coated with
w^hitewash.
A capital alteration was made by throwing the two front
rooms of the main building together — ^hitherto devoted to
•dining and laundry— and making one large commodious
•dining and reading room. Prior to this, the girls had dinner
in their own schoolroom.
The burden of these alterations, added to the existing debt,
occasioned by the cost of the main building being £500 in
•excess of the donations, induced James Cropper to send a
letter to the Committee, in which he recorded the offer he had
made to pay ;£ioo when a further sum of £200 was granted
by the joint Monthly Meetings and ;f200 raised by subscrip-
tion ; this sum of £500 would, he considered, nearly pay off
the debt.
He also offered to provide a plunge bath — that most
desirable adjunct to a boarding school — and fit it up with all
the needful accommodation, when it should be determined
upon. But although several marlpits, bedecked with wild
flowers, were near at hand, suitable for open air baths, yet so
intent were the Committee on providing housing and school
rooms for the increasing number of scholars, that very many
renewals of flowers were seen, ere the marlpits were utilised.
Only a little more than a year after these generous offers
were made, the School had to mourn the loss of its principal
founder. This testimony to his worth was left on the Minutes
of Committee : —
** The Committee record the decease of James Cropper
on the 26th of 3rd mo., 1840, and the deprivation to the
Institution of one whom they regard, in connection with
Isaac Cooke, not only as its founder, but subsequently as one
of its most liberal patrons and whose life has been devoted
40 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
SO largely to the interests of humanity, and whose labours-
will be long held in grateful remembrance.*'
A year after the decease of James Cropper, a letter was
read before the Committee of 4th of 5th mo., 1841, from
John Cropper, of Liverpool, with accompanying certificates,
for a share and a half in the Liverpool and Manchester Railway,
along with £15 5s., one year's dividend upon the said shares,,
stating these to be the gift from James Cropper, the income
from which was to be given to the schoolmaster of Penketh
School for the time being, in addition to the salary fixed by
the Committee, as set forth by a copy from James Cropper's
private memorandum book, which with the certificates were
to be deposited along with the title deeds in the iron chest
at Warrington. Upon this additional remembrance, the
Committee on their Minutes, *' Give renewed expression of
the great benefits the Institution had received from the liberal
aid which their late revered Father rendered to it, from its
first establishment to the time of his decease, and that his
sons must have great satisfaction in witnessing the rich harvest
of benefits bestowed upon so many poor children, which
their father's example and influence have been mainly instru^
mental in procuring." The first master's bonus of £15 5s.
was then and there handed to William Thistlethwaite.
The watchful care of the Yearly Meeting of 1841 over the
Education movement in the Society was evidenced in the
following minute read before the Committee of Penketh
School : —
** This meeting has again been introduced into a feeUng of
religious interest on behalf of those children who, though
not members of our Society, are connected with us in a greater
degree than with any other religious community.
''It is gratifying to learn that the attention of Friends in
various parts has been increasingly turned to the right educa-
tion of this class and to the provision of schools for this
purpose. We desire to encourage the Friends, who have
WILLIAM THISTLETH WAITERS SUPERINTENDENCY. 4I
formed such establishments and who have the charge of them,
as well as those who have the care of our public schools in
which a limited number of children, not members, are admitted
—to take measures by which the children of this description
may, on their quitting the school, be introduced to the kind
notice of some well concerned Friend or Friends, in the places
where they may be settled as apprentices or otherwise, so
that the religious care which has been bestowed upon
them in their education may not be lost for want of the
exercise of a friendly oversight in the succeeding and often
dangerous steps of youth."
Additional land being required in 1841, three fields, con-
taining eight-and-a-half statute acres, were bought, and the
executors of Isaac Sharp lent £700 on mortgage upon the
purchase.
The Committee from time to time were not unmindful
of the urgent claims of the Superintendent, both as to increased
salary and additional help. On the 25th of ist mo., 1840,
the first apprentice was taken in the person of William Groom,
the second boy on the list, who had been re-admitted for two
years, after the leaving age of fourteen under an agreement
that he should follow on as an apprentice ; the terms were
" Board, lodging and clothing found. '*
The increase of scholars demanded additional accommo-
dation on the boys' side, including a nursery within the school.
The estimated cost was £200, half of which was granted from
the Monthly Meeting's property, and Jacob Bright, of Roch-
dale, added £50. This formed the second addition to the
original premises.
On Maria Whitten, the governess, leaving in 1842, the
Superintendent's sister, Betsy Thistlethwaite, came to take
her place. Tradition says she strove to teach manners to
the children by administering a tap on the head with her
thimbled finger, as she walked round the dining room. She
had only had experience in housekeeping, which made it
•42 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
absolutely necessary that a teacher should be provided for
the girls, one who could be more constantly with them and
-exercise a moral influence over them. Such a teacher was
found in Elizabeth Oddie, of Manchester, who entered upon
her duties on the 25th of '7th mo., 1842, at a salary of £20.
She was competent to teach Latin and French, which quali-
fication gave rise to some discussion in the Committee. William
Thistlethwaite, with liberal views on education, submitted
that it was desirable that French should be taught, and that
there were parents who were willing to pay extra fees for it.
It was natural that some should object to any subject being
-charged for extra, as it might lead to a departure from the
•essential character of the school. After prolonged deliberation
it was decided ''that it was inexpedient that French
■should be taught either for extra charge or without charge
:at all."
William Thistlethwaite' s practice, however, went beyond
the Minutes of Committee, for Thomas George Howell dis-
tinctly says in his '* Reminiscences," that Elizabeth Oddie
taught French in her own schoolroom to a section of the boys
-of the first class, himself included, and that she also taught
drawing to the same set. So Penketh may in 1842 * have been
^one of the first public Friends' schools in which French was
taught to the children.
It is also interesting to read in the above mentioned notes,
that the first class reading book at that time was '* Paley's
Theology," but spelling and derivation were learned from
the famiUar and unsurpassed '* Butter's Spelling Book."
At this period a movement arose for the holding of an
Educational Conference in which men with advanced views
•could meet to discuss the best means of conducting religious
and secular education in Friends' public schools.
♦ At Ackworth School in the years 1832, 1840 and 1849, French was taught by lady
visitors to the teachers and apprentices, and it was not till 1852 that the subject was intro-
•<iuced into the two highest classes on the boys' side, and in the next year to the highest class
•of girls.
WILLIAM THISTLETHWAITE^S SUPERINTENDENCY. 4^
The Penketh Committee received a Minute from the Ack-
worth School Committee dated 21st of 7th mo., 1842, to this,
effect : —
'* This Committee has been renewedly impressed with a
sense of the great importance of the right moral and religious,
education of the children in our public schools, and believing
that a serious investigation, in dependence on the Divine
blessing, of the means which are pursued for the accom-
plishment of so desirable an object would be productive of
benefit, concludes to refer the subject to the close attention
of a few Friends of this Committee in conjunction with such
members of the London Committee as may be appointed to-
the service, at which conference other matters connected
with the general plan of conducting schools might be brought
under consideration/'
This Minute was sent to all schools, and the conference was.
to be held at Ackworth on the i8th of nth mo., 1842.
The Penketh Committee sent Isaac Cooke, Charles Holmes,
and Joseph Crosfield to represent them.
Prior to the Conference, Josiah Forster, of Tottenham,,
who had taken a leading share in the movement, sent
round a paper of queries on behalf of the conference,,
regarding
**The general course of Scriptural instruction.
The course of public religious reading.
How the library is supplied with the approved writings,
of Friends for family and. scholars.
Are books given to scholars on leaving ?
Has each child a Bible of its own ?
Are there periodical examinations ?
What time is allotted to garden and field labour ?
What are the domestic duties?'*
The voluminous reply to these simple questions by William.
Thistlethwaite is historically valuable as showing the-
details of the curriculum of that day.
44 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
The subjects taught comprised reading and recitation,
grammar, geography, writing, drawing, arithmetic, mathe-
matics, calculation and tables, spelling, composition, dictation,
Scripture, scientific instruction, together absorbing forty-six
and a half hours a week, exclusive of time devoted to labour.
Books used in School :
''Older Christian,'' '* Pale/s Theology,'' ''History of
English Literature," " History of the British Empire,"
Graham's " Principles of Elocution," " The Works of the
Irish Commissioners on Education," " The Instruction
Extracts," "Younger Christian," "Lower Works of
Irish Commissioners," " Chambers's Educational Course,"
" Murray's Introduction," " Murray's Enghsh Reader "
and " Easy Lessons on Money Matters."
Labour Department :
Gardening, cultivation with the spade, husbanding of green
crops for the cows, a little corn and vegetables for the house-
hold — an average of three hours a day.
Girls :
Cleaning apartments, making of beds, getting up linen, and
attention to parlour, kitchen and dining room, needlework
in mending boys' and girls' linen and making their own clothes.
Housework one hour per day, two-and-a-half hours to
needlework, exclusive of play hours.
Statement of Children :
Total number, 60 : 36 boys, 24 girls ; 21 of them are members
— comprising 11 from Hardshaw East, 5 from Hardshaw
West Monthly Meetings, 4 Dublin, i Balby ; of the 39 non-
members, 16 are from Hardshaw West and 8 from Hardshaw
East Monthly Meetings ; the rest from York, Banbury,
Kendal, Worcestershire and Ireland.
william thistlethwaite s superintendency. 45
Officers :
William Thistlethwaite, Master.
Betsy Thistlethwaite, Housekeeper.
Elizabeth Oddie, Mistress.
William Groom, Apprentice.
One female servant.
Early in 1843, Thomas Richardson, of Great Ayton, North
Yorkshire, the founder and patron of the Friends' School
in that village, extended his benevolence to several other
schools in the Society of Friends, by the presentation of a
capital sum of £1,000, the interest of which was intended to
defray charges that did not strictly fall within the range of
ordinary expenses. The schools that thus benefit from
^' Thomas Richardson's Fund '* are Wigton, Rawdon, Sibford
and Penketh.
This generous Friend* was born in Darlington in 1771,
and after an early life of struggle was introduced to a Friends'
firm of bankers. Smith, Wright & Gray, of London. With
this firm he stayed till after his marriage with Martha Beeby,
of AUonby, in 1799. He started business for himself as a
bill broker, and inaugurated an entirely new style of business
with farmers. He took in, as a partner, John Overend, of
Settle, who married Thomas Richardson's sister. In 1810
Thomas Richardson was recognised as the chief bill broker in
London. These Friends were joined by Samuel Gurney,
and eventually the well known firm of Overend, Gurney & Go.
was formed.
It may be recalled that the nucleus of the children's library
was formed in 1835, in the temporary Penketh House, when
there were thirteen boys and three girls in the school.
To show the nature of the outside objects to which this
fund was devoted, a statement published at the end of 1844
may here be given :
* " History of Ayton School," by George Dixon.
46
HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
i s.
d.
£
s.
d.
To Balance . .
.. 5 17
9
By Books for Chil-
dren's Library
II
16
S
,, Dividend
. . 25
,, Lessons in Land-
surveying to a
class in field . .
I
5
0-
,, Drawing Materi-
als for a class of
ten
4
6.
„ Lecture on Nat-
ural History &
Lantern Slides
I
6.
,, Balance in hand
i
12
15
6.
izo 17
9
:zo_
17
9-
In 1843 the Committee re-engaged the services of William
Thistlethwaite for three years at ;f 135 a year, which sum they^
said was the utmost they felt justified in giving consistently
with the economical system upon which the school was
founded ; this, with the '' master's fund " of 3^15, made up
a total of £150.
Again the Institution had to mourn the loss of one of its
pioneers, Joseph Crosfield, of Warrington. A Minute of
Committee, 7th of 4th mo., 1844, makes mention of him as
one " who from the commencement of the school had filled
the important office of Secretary, and whose zeal and abilities
had been uniformly and successfully exercised for the pros-
perity and welfare of the establishment/'
One of the valuable outcomes of the first Conference on
Education at Ackworth was the tabular statement, drawn,
out by William Thistlethwaite up to the date of ist of ist mo.,.
1843, as to the previous character and habits of children at
Penketh School, the literary information they possessed,,
the time at school, after-school situations, and the actual
results of such procured situations.
It is an historical document which appeared in The Friend
of 9th mo., 1843, under the title " Education of Penketli
WILLIAM THISTLETH WAITERS SUPERINTENDENCY. 47
School." For purposes of reference most of the items are
here inserted.
Previous character and habits : —
Out of 60 children :
20 appear to have been carefully brought up.
30 apparently had not had much care bestowed upon
them, but they had not to any great extent been
exposed to bad company.
10 had suffered in various degrees from this cause.
Literary information, on entering, of the 20 last admitted :
9 could read very short words but could not write.
7 could read and write very imperfectly.
4 could read and write and knew a little of accounts.
A register is kept of all the children who leave the School ;
this is filled up with information respecting their situation and
conduct.
A certificate is sent with such as are not members of our
Society, addressed to some Friend resident in the meeting to
which the child removes.
Out of 93 who had left from the commencement to ist of
11 mo., 1842, 52 were boys who stayed an average of
zi years. 4 1 were girls who stayed an average of 2 J years.
Of these 93 :
67 attend Friends* Meetings ; 54 regularly, 13 occasion-
ally.
19 never attend ditto.
6 no account.
I deceased.
Of the 19 who never attend, 15 are placed out with those
not connected with Friends, and several reside where no meetings
are held.
Instead of the 93 take the last 60 who have left ; of these the
result is more favourable :
3 1 boys averaged a stay of 3 J years, and 29 girls, 2 J years.
40 attend meetings regularly.
9 ,, ,, occasionally.
7 ,, ,, not at all.
3 ,, ,, no account.
I ,, ,, deceased.
48 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
This improved result is due to the increased care taken to place
children out well, to the longer time at school, the improved tone
in the school, the refusal of improper applications.
The disposal of the children : —
Of the 93 children as above :
27 Boys and 1 3 girls — 40 are placed with Friends or
those attached to them.
13 „ „ 5 ,, — 18 are placed with those not
Friends.
6 ,, ,, 17 ,, — 23 are at home but not learn-
ing a regular business.
3 ,, ,,2 ,, — 5 are at School.
3 ,, ,,9 ,» — 12 no account received,
o ,, ,, I „ — I deceased.'
This table illustrates the remarks made before the Educational
Society, regarding the difficulty of procuring suitable situations
for girls, the comparison of boys and girls being :
6 Boys at home out of 52.
17 Girls at home out of 41.
Results of conduct in various situations : —
Of the 93 aforesaid :
48 are doing well.
34 ordinarily well.
4 doing ill.
6 no account.
I deceased.
At the close of 1845, the germ of a movement appears at
Penketh for the officers of one Friends' School to visit a similar
one, in order that both may become acquainted with new or
different methods of administration and teaching, which is
at the present day being recommended as advantageous by
the Central Education Committee of the Yearly Meeting.
William Thistlethwaite's style of teaching and his views on
education had a touch of originality, and had become known
beyond the limits of the school, and elicited general approval.
In the last month of 1845, a Penketh Minute records that
** The Housekeeper (Amelia Burke) and the Superintendent
WILLIAM THISTLETHWAITE's SUPERINTENDENCY. 49
(Frederick H. Rous) of Rawdon Friends' School (established
1832), are allowed to reside in the Institution free of charge
for a week or two, with a view to their becoming acquainted
with the routine of the School."
The ninth report of the Committee of Management, presented
in 1845, states that of the 121 children who have left the
school since the commencement, seventy-five are represented as
attending our religious meetings regularly, fifteen occasionally,
nine no account of, three deceased, and nineteen that have
altogether discontinued their attendance.
As William Thistlethwaite took so active a part in the
work of the Friends' Education Society,* it may be stated
that this Society took its rise at the General Meeting of Ack-
worth School, 1836, in a proposal to form an association for
enabling Friends engaged or interested in Education to
interchange their observations and experience for the general
benefit. A meeting was arranged to be held at Ackworth
for the purpose on the 28th of 7th mo., 1837, on the day after
the General Meeting ; the last of such meetings was held in
1856. During the twenty years of this Society's existence,
twelve reports were issued. The occasions were most inter-
esting and popular, some 200 Friends being in attendance,
forty of whom were directly engaged in teaching, and much
regret was expressed at. the discontinuance of the meetings.
William Thistlethwaite was placed on the Committee of
Management in 1843. He contributed papers on " Labour in
connection with Education in Schools," "The Books employed
by different Teachers," '* The Course of Instruction pursued
by the High School at Liverpool and the Mechanics' Institute,"
" Thoughts on Religious Education."
From the reports of this Society much may be gathered
of the elementary nature of the curriculum at Penketh.
The school did not come under the definition of a '' Labour
School," in which labour was the primary object and chief
♦ From Reports of the Friends' Education Society, Reference Library, Devonshire House.
50
HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
employment. In 1845 more hours were set apart for teaching
at Penketh than at other schools, for while Ackworth had
thirty-seven hours, Croydon thirty-seven-and-a-quarter,
Sidcot thirty-nine, and Wigton forty-one, Penketh had forty-
four hours in School, arranged each day from 8 a.m. to 12 noon,
2 till 5 p.m., and 7 to 8 p.m., with recesses of a quart er-of-an-
hour in the longer divisions. It was explained that Penketh
was in excess, because an hour was spent every evening in
reading the Scriptures and Friends' books to the school at
large. In these modern days of extended learning, when the
simple, yet still valuable arts, of reading and writing are dis-
carded by the Government and Syndicate examiners, it is
instructive to read the '' Table of Learning" in 1845 at Penketh,
and to compare the five-and-a-half hours devoted to reading
each week and the ten-and-a-half hours to writing, with the
two allotted to science and the single hour to history in the
highest class.
Reading and Recitation
Spelling and Definitions
Grammar, Composition and Dic-
tation
Total for English Language
Writing . .
Slate Arithmetic
Mental Calculation and Tables
Total for Arithmetic
Geography
History . .
Science and General Knowledge
Scripture
Friends' Books . .
Drawing
ist Class
5 J hours
2nd Class
6i hours
3rd Class
gi hours
A^
^^
5r
4i „
8
4
Hi „
17
19
loi „
Si „
Si ,,
9
9
9
2i „
2i „
3
Hi „
Hi ,.
12
2i „
4
2i ,.
I
2
I
3
3
3
2
2
2 ,,
5
i5i ,
10
7i ..
Q
'A
O
o
ac
H
o
9Q
WILLIAM THISTLETHWAITE S SUPERINTENDENCY. 5I
On the question of labour, William Thistlethwaite was
emphatic in his opinion that manual labour did not operate
unfavourably on the learning of the children, — that ample
compensation for the loss of time was afforded by the increase
of mental activity consequent on the open-air exercise.
Has there not been a curtailing of late years in open-air
offices or occupations, to meet the growing pressure of the
ever enlarging number of subjects in the curriculum, and has
there not been a fresh awakening in the later experiences
of some educationists to the benefit to be derived from
open-air labour in freshening the mind for study ? Yet at
Ackworth School in 1841, field labour was not considered
favourable to health, and was therefore discontinued. Also of
Penketh it was said that, " The boys had a great dislike to
field labour," yet the boy nature was manifested in the further
remark, " but they enjoy haymaking, gardening and house-
hold employments." Even these delights have lapsed into
past history. How many boys in after life have attributed
their love of gardening, amateur or professional, to the initi-
ation of working in the school garden, or tending their own
little plots by the playground edge, now alas, of ten laid waste
by the ruthless invasion of cricket balls. Thomas G. Howell
(scholar 1838), states that he was so fond of gardening, that
he bought up several of the boys' gardens, and after leaving
school he followed botany persistently, and until past three-
score and ten years, he cherished his hortus siccus of many
hundred dried plants and seaweeds. He died i8th January,
1907.
From a utilitarian point of view, the labour of the boys at
Penketh, and the domestic duties of the girls, were in the year
1841 calculated to have effected a saving of about £100, or
£2 a child.
These manual employments were given in a year's summary,
viz. : '* Eighty days of eight hours each by the boys to
gardening, husbandry of green crops for cows, and some
52 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
corn and vegetables used by the household ; and for the girls,
eighty days of eight hours each to domestic work and rather
more to needle-work, and to the mending of their own clothes
and those of the boys/'
Leisure time pursuits, that have so widened in interest,
variety and attainment of late years, even in proportion to
the range of school studies, were in comparative infancy at
Penketh about 1838.
A Juvenile Association of fourteen members was formed,
which met weekly with no defined programme.
A cabinet of minerals was provided to encourage a taste
for geology. Chemical lectures were delivered, and made inter-
esting by experiments. Familiar instruction was given in
science, which was comprehended in the more indefinable
term " General Knowledge." In summer, a class of twelve
members wandered by brook, pond and meadow in their
early attempts at field botany, a delightful prelude to a
life-long love for flowers.
The order of procedure on First-days — Sundays — was set
forth thus by William Thistlethwaite in his report to the
same Education Society. " The children attend the meeting
for Worship in the Meeting House in the morning. After
dinner they assemble in the schoolroom, where they read
two chapters in the New Testament and commit to memory
a passage to be afterwards repeated. At 3 p.m. the Scripture
reading commences in the dining room and lasts an hour.
The children are questioned on historical chapters, previously
read : one half repeat the passage they have learned. After
the reading, the children are allowed to go in the garden,
and in the summer to take occasional walks to a greater
distance. In the evening, some work of a serious character
is read aloud to the children, such as '* Piety Promoted,''
'' Memorials of Deceased Friends," '' Fruits of Piety " and
the " Annual Monitor." No restriction was placed on First-
days on the individual reading, except by persuasion and
WILLIAM thistlethwaite's superintendency. 53
influence. The Bible almost without exception was the book
to which the children involuntarily turned their attention
during nearly the whole of the day/'
Looking back on school games, only an elementary and
unscientific style is what can be expected. The report on
leisure time of 1838 aforesaid, speaks of the games of " I spy,'*
*' prison bars,'* "run across," ''stag,*' ''leap frog," and
"skipping." These may be said to have been the universal
school games of the period, of which "prison bars" modernised
into " prisoners' base" or " chivvy," was the most popular and
lasting. Tradition tells of a mysterious game called ' ' maddy , ' *
with no explanatory rules. Possibly it was one of those games
that were played at particular schools, as was that of " farmers
and robbers," the once grand sledge game at Ackworth School,
in 1846, so rough that it had to be forbidden. The modern,
all-absorbing football, whether Rugby or Association, had
not begun to exist, and even the national Cricket was in an
amusingly infant stage. Gymnastics comprised exercises
on the horizontal bar, parallel bars, swing, leaping frame, giant
stride and rope ladder, a wonderful set of apparatus for that
day.
Penketh had advanced so far in workshop equipment as
to have a lathe, bench and tools. In this lean-to workshop
on the side of the boys' playground, an eyewitness has left
on record that Thomas George Howell (1838-45), built and
rigged a fine three-masted model ship, for which he made
bales and barrels for cargo> and furnished it with guns in the
upper deck for protection from pirates. The guns were duly
charged with powder, and had fuses of touch-paper. The
mimic battery discharged itself as the vessel sailed towards
the middle of the pond on the common, not far from the
Friends' Meeting House.
This boy, in his after life reminiscences, tells of that day
of supreme excitement — the 5th of November — which the
school celebrated as Guy Fawkes day, with a good display
54 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
of fireworks, and a bonfire withal, for which their Quaker
friends, the Crosfields of Warrington, sent a cartload of resin
barrels from their Soap Works. What a blazing event it
must have been, for it attracted the people of the village
and the country around !
One of these celebrations, Richard Routh, the first Super-
intendent of the Friends' School at Sibford Ferris, in Oxford-
shire, had the good fortune to witness, on the occasion when
he visited Penketh School to get an insight into its working.
The school of the present has therefore a just claim of precedent
for keeping up the day, which is really the survival of the
much older custom of the old Beltane fires, which Druid
priests kindled on the hills of Lancashire.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ORIGINAL BUILDINGS.
The original block was not considered to be well adapted
for a school. There was no passage right through the building,
so that the only way of going from the girls' side to the boys'
was through the dining room. During all the alterations from
time to time, this main defect has not yet been remedied.
A narrow passage ran from the front door to the dining
room door on the girls' side, and a similar one from the boys'
side to the opposite door of the dining-room. A passage
extended from the middle door of the dining-room to the back
door, which led into the girls' playground on the north.
The main building had two rooms to the front with two
windows each — these were thrown into one room in 1839
for a joint dining and general assembly room. A pillar was
left in the inner and window side to support the beam which
carried the nine-inch wall above, and a wooden shield was
placed round to hide it. This left no space to pass between
the tables on the window side and the shield, and thus caused
much inconvenience. Underneath the front rooms were a
larder and washing cellar for clothes. A baker's oven was
WILLIAM thistlethwaite's superintendency. 55
in a side cellar 43fE the wash-house, where all the bread was
made — a. '^ery cramped, ill-lighted place it must have been,
for It was deemed advisable to discontinue its use in 1843,
and to contract lor the supply of bread.
A soft-water cistern was at one end of the washing cellar,
the drainage from the latter running into an open dit^h
which continued along one side of Stocks Lane to the sout^.
Behind the two front rooms was the back parlour, which ha^
one window, looking north, and the kitchen.
Upstairs were two rooms to the front, one used for a bedroon^
for the girls, and the other for the boys. Over the back parlour
was a spare bedroom. The kitchen department was built
out on the north-east side of the main building, and at right
angles to it. Over it was a big bedroom, a room for the
Superintendent, and a small bedroom over the scullery.
The staircase which led to the girls' bedroom was the present
one in the back passage, and that to the boys' was opposite
to the present office door and in the comer, where the washing
bowl used to be, prior to 1903, when it was removed into the
new corridor.
At the top of the house were two bedrooms, one for girls,
and the other for the servants.
The water supply was insufficient ; two small soft water
cisterns and a well in the girls* playground, twelve feet deep,
furnished all the water used in the school.
The playgrounds were on the north side or back of the
building : that for the boys was close up to the boundary
wall of Stocks Lane, and provided with a lean-to day lavatory
and workshop ; and the girls* playground lay between that of
the boys* and the kitchen — when the first addition, a one-
storey schoolroom, was built in 1839, these playgrounds were
•entirely separated by it, and the girls had to be content with
what might be called a court-yard, overlooked by the back
parlour window, and shaded from the sun by buildings on
three sides.
56 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
In the winter of 1839* there was a great storm, which is
said to be still chronicled in local almanacs. The whole
building was shaken, and the boys were kept awake with the
noise of the wind, the heavy rain, and the vibration of the
house. Early in the morning the boys were startled by a
shriek that alarmed the whole household. The heavy rain
in the night had flooded the basement, and a servant going
down early to her work in the washing cellar, plunged into the
water, which caused her to shriek out with fright. The
building was found to be so shaken that a tie-rod was put
through the house from the front wall. To hide the iron
washer on the garden side, the entablature of cement, on which
was moulded " Penketh School, 1834,'' was put up. It
will account for this design being absent in the original drawing
of the school. A reading desk, with pilasters up to the cornice,
was also made in the dining-room to cover further supports
on the front waU.
The division of Penketh and Great Sankey townships ran
through the gas plant and seed house, in the school's back
premises; the boys, with the Township Officers, used annually
to beat the bounds, and the youngsters had some difficulty
in scrambling through the windows and holes in the out-
houses to keep the line of demarcation true.
These buildings and gas plant were moved further away
into the newly purchased field in Great Sankey township,
and thus formed the third extension of the premises.
The country for miles around the school had in the olden
time a much more luxuriant appearance before the numerous
chemical works were set up at Widnes. Charles John Holmes,
of Warrington, used to tell, that when he was young, he heard
from the old inhabitants how well timbered the whole country
side was. This sounds almost incredible to those of the
present day. Bold Hall Park in the adjoining township of Bold
was especially richly wooded. The now blighted district of
* Thomas George Howell's " Letter Reminiscences."
WILLIAM THISTLETHWAITE S SUPERINTENDENCY. 57
Widnes was called Woodend, and was famous for its crowds
of excursionists.
Before Runcorn Bridge was built across the Mersey, to
carry the London and North- Western Railway's main line
from Liverpool to London, the passage of the river was made
by a ferry from Runcorn Gap to Runcorn, and the start-
ing point at the Widnes side was at the Snig-Pie Inn. The
route for Penketh scholars on their expeditions to Halton.
Castle that overlooks Runcorn town, was by the railway
from Fiddler's Ferry Station to Runcorn Gap Station, walk
to the Snig-Pie Inn, cross by the ferry, and proceed to the
landmark of the ruined castle on the hill.
The school estate was fairly well wooded, where few trees
are now to be seen. A long, narrow plantation ran from the
front entrance of the school to the two cottages of the '' Home
Colony," where the Midland Railway Bridge now stands.
From the front door of the school to the entrance gate were
at least twenty trees. On the site of the boys' present school-
rooms was a large marlpit, from which clay had been taken
for the land. It was sixteen feet deep, twelve feet being
water and four mud. At the end of the boys' wing there was
quite a dense plantation of trees, mostly tall poplars, which
served as landmarks in that level district. Round the two
marlpits further away in the field, were at least twenty flourish-
ing alders, ashes and poplars, and the banks of the ponds were
brilliant in summer with fringes of yellow iris, and purple
loosestrife. The old road which ran where the two present
cottages and the sanatorium now stand was lined with trees
almost worthy of being called a long plantation.
WILLIAM THISTLETHWAITE'S RETIREMENT.
The days of the first superintendency drew to a close in
1846. The value of the estate was £2,990, which, with other
effects amounted to ^^3,554. From 1834 to 1846, the Annual
Meeting for the property of the two proprietary Monthly
58 History of penketh school.
Meetings had griinted ^f 600 from their funds ; the subscriptions
from the Qualrterly Meeting of Lancashire and Cheshire
during the same period had been £2,444, ^^^ the special and
ordinary donations £2,451.
William Thifetlethwaite left the school after twelve years
of service on the 30th of 6th mo., 1846. A further change
occurred in the Staff through the resignation of the house-
keeper, Betsy Ttilstlethwaite, and the girls' teacher, EUzabeth
Oddie.
The number 6i children in the school at the end of 1845
was sixty, divided into thirty-seven boys and twenty-three
girls ; but at the close of 1846 only forty-two were in the
school, comprising twenty-nine boys and thirteen girls.
The administration of William Thistlethwaite was more
of a fatherly kiiid than one of successful discipline. He
was very kind to the young girls and boys when they entered
the school, and so gained their affections. His kindly nature
attracted the children generally, and they were wont to cluster
round him oil the playground. Even the most refractory
were fond of him. He held advanced views on the theory
of education, but did not with equal ability carry them to a
successful practical issue.
On leaving Penketh, William Thistlethwaite went as Master-
on-Duty to Ackworth School, where he remained six months.
In the summer of 1847, ^^ entered into partnership with
Dr. Satterthwaite, and they took from George Edmondson
the unexpired year of his lease of Tulketh Hall School, near
Preston. In the sam^ year, while at the aforesaid school,
he married Dr. Sattetthwaite's sister, Hannah. Owing to
the beautiful Tulketh woods being cut down, and the neigh-
bourhood becoming sp6iled and the lease of their school
expiring, the partners cohcluded to build new school premises
at Lindow Grove, Alderky Edge, in Cheshire, to which they
removed in 1853. William Thistlethwaite died in 1870,
aged fifty- seven yed^rs.
PENKETH UNDER WILLIAM GROOM,
1846-8.
T^7ILLIAM GROOM was of the schoors own rearing.
He came from Chester when ten years of age, in 1834,
and was registered as No. 2 scholar. Two years later
he was taken away, but was re-admitted after a couple of
years' stay at home, on the recommendation of William
Thistlethwaite, who proposed that as the boy had reached
the fourteen years of age limit, he should have two years
more schooling, and be trained for a teacher. He served
as apprentice from 1840 to 1846.
On the resignation of William Thistlethwaite, and until
a Superintendent could be met with, William Groom was
placed in charge of the school at the age of twenty-two,
on the 22nd of 6th mo., 1846, only eight days before the head-
master left Penketh. In nine months' time, no one having
applied for the head office in the school, William Groom was
appointed Superintendent at a salary of ;f6o on the 24th of
3rd mo., 1847. H^ ^^ ^^c^ o^ accepting office, received the
balance of ;fio 5s. 4d. from the master's fund left by James
Cropper.
The staff consisted of William Groom, Thomas Cartwright,
lately taken as apprentice, possibly Elizabeth Oddie, who
may have stayed till the arrival of Eliza Gowland as girls'
teacher from Ayton School on the 27th of 12th mo., 1846.
The scholars numbered thirty-four boys and eighteen girls
59
6o
HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
in the beginning of 1847. The master had two nephews in
the school, Wilham and John Brining ; the former was a
very smart boy, but so full of mischief that he got more cor-
poral punishment than any one in the school ; for the master
was especially careful not to show favouritism to his relatives ;
otherwise there was not much corporal punishment adminis-
tered except for flagrant offences, such as going out of bounds
WILLIAM GROOM.
and telling untruths. What a serious offence this " going
out of bounds '* was in all schools at this period, and how
tenaciously the management held to the strictness of the rule.
Indeed, it is only in quite modern days that it has been
relaxed.
The discipline at Penketh had been slackening towards the
end of the former superintendency, and it had come to pass,
that keeping within bounds by night as well as by day was
more honoured in the breach than in the observance. *' The
dark ages '* had indeed settled like a thick cloud over the
WILLIAM groom's SUPERINTENDENCY. 6i
school. Running away from school was not unknown in
those trying days. On one occasion, a girl was intent upon
running away and the Master just got to know of it in time
to stop the coach on which she was escaping to Liverpool,
and to bring her back. This event, as might be expected,
created a great sensation among the scholars.
The annual vacation must have come as a relief to the
Superintendent with his unruly boys and slender staff. Before
the end of the summer holiday the Committee decided to
postpone for the present the reassembling of the girls' school,
and the parents were informed that the discontinuance of
the girls' side was under consideration. A special General
Meeting was summoned at Hardshaw Meeting House, St.
Helens, to discuss the subject.
The Eleventh Report of the Committee of Management
mentioned the low tone of things prevailing, the school not
being full and the high price of provisions which caused the
cost per child to be advanced from £16 is. 5d. to ;f20 los.
In the Tenth Report, mention is made of the failure of
the potato and fruit crops, and the special General Meeting's
decision to suspend the girls' school.
The despondent tone of the Twelfth Report, that for 1847,
presented to the General Meeting of 1848, left little room for
hope. The question of re-opening the girls' school was left
for the consideration of the Committee of the school.
This body was fain to acknowledge that the objects of the
school had not been attained, owing to the difficulty of meeting
with competent officers. Add to this, the falling off in sub-
scriptions from the £469 in 1845-6 to ^^353 in 1847-8, the high
price of provisions and the consequent increase in the average
cost of the thirty-two boys to £22 15s. 8d., while the rate of
admission was only £12 i8s. 2d., and finally the excess of
expenditure over income of £254. The only grant from
the Monthly Meetings' property was £100 in these two
years.
c
62 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
A drop of comfort, however, had come in a legacy of ^^50
in 1846 from Thomas Christy, of Chelmsford ; the first of a
long line of such remembrances.
It is worthy of note, that on the 2nd of 4th mo., 1847,
Charles John Holmes, of Warrington, was placed on the
Committee of Management of the school ; the beginning of a
life of devoted attachment to the institution.
During 1846, the Irish Famine enlisted the S5mipathies of
the scholars. William Groom called the boys and girls
together, and asked them how much they would like to sub-
scribe for the starving people across the Irish sea. The
hearty response from many was threepence, from others
sixpence, and even one shilling, — ^large sums surely in those
days, which would well nigh empty the scanty pockets. So
spontaneous was this true spirit of benevolence, that one
boy, '' without either silver or gold,'* asked that he might
clean the Master's boots for threepence, to enable him to give
his share, and this was duly entered on the list of subscrip-
tions.
Once a year occurred the exceptional treat of a day of
airy life down the Mersey in boats to Hale, near Runcorn,
with the added charms of a ramble through the woods and a
bathe in the tidal waters of the river. A more frequent
treat was the visit to the Preparative Meeting when held
three miles away at Warrington, when the children walked two
and two, with freedom to talk to each other — ^then the return
walk — even though minus the buns and tea of modern days —
was full of expectation and mighty hunger for the meat,
suet dumplings and treacle which awaited their home coming.
The general dietary was on strictly economical lines ; hot
milk and bread for breakfast ; cold milk and bread for the
third meal, and meat and pudding for dinner. Tradition
says, that on one occasion, when a boy named Winter (No. 87),
was acting in the capacity of waiter at dinner, another boy,
who had a turn for alliteration, called out loud enough to be
WILLIAM groom's SUPERINTENDENCY. 63
heard all over the room, " WiUiam Winter, waiter, we want
water.'* Surely a modern verdict would have let the boy
off for his cleverness, as was said to be the case of one at another
school, who fell down stairs, and on the master calling out
''Who is the boy making that noise?" instantly replied with
the apt quotation, '' I, sir, rolling rapidly." But the Penketh
judgment at that early day ordered that the boy should be
punished, not so much perhaps for what he said, as for the
uproarious laughter that followed his alliterative request.
BARROW HALL, GREAT SANKEY, NEAR PENKETH SCHOOL.
Talking at meals was not allowed in those days of repression,
indeed, the restriction has been relaxed so very near the
present day, that its novelty is scarcely worn away in the
minds of some old scholars.
Communication was carried on by the sign alphabet on
face or hands, and this was deemed legitimate when asking
for bread, water and salt. To many these '' signs " have
been found useful in after life.
Tradition has handed down an instance from the early
Penketh days of these finger signs. A big tall girl had
64 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
acquired an ungentle nickname, and it so happened that a boy
of manners as ungentle made the sign to her during dinner
of B E A R, which had the effect of making her faint right
away, while retribution quickly overtook the boy.
Sleeping in meeting was an offence against propriety which
appeared continuously on the Penketh Preparative Meeting
books during a round hundred years, and it baffled all disci-
plinary attempts to prevent it. Nevertheless, the school
children were trained in abstinence from its subtle power
by the Master at times coming off his seat to speak to any
boy who was seen nodding, or by calling to him to stand up.
Vocal ministry in meeting was a rare thing at that day,
and it has been said that in summer time the attention of
the boys was diverted from sleep by stray birds from the
heath coming in at the open panes or by the humming flight
of blue-bottle flies from window to window.
Games were not played in sensible style ; it might be said
that the rougher they were the better. The closely walled
in yard or playground was so small that in what cricket
there was, the balls were continually flying over the bounds,
and punishment awaited anyone who was caught going after
them. In winter this yard was flooded by pumping water from
the marlpit adjoining to freeze for sliding on the next morning.
After a snow-storm the boys were wont to roll the snow
together into a monster ball, and then hollow it out for an
Esquimaux hut, which might haply serve for a shelter to some
luckless boy who was shut out of the school room for punish-
ment.
William Groom retired from the school early in 1848,
and from that time almost to the present, his old school and
schoolfellows knew little or nothing of him, save that he had
emigrated to the Antipodes. For the purposes of this history,
the author entered into searching correspondence with Austra-
lia and New Zealand, with the result that he was at last
rewarded by the receipt of a letter from William Groom
WILLIAM groom's SUPERINTENDENCY. 65
himself, dated 31st October, 1904, from his home in Upper
Moutere, New Zealand. Behold 1 here was found a Penketh
scholar who could bridge over the whole seventy years' history
of the school.*
William Groom went on to the Ulster Provincial School,
Lisburn, from Penketh. In 1856 he was certified to North
Warwickshire Monthly Meeting, and lived for a time in Birm-
ingham, and has remained a member of that Meeting all his
life. He emigrated to New Zealand in the year 1858, and has
only visited his native country on one occasion since. The
infirmities of age have compelled him to retire from active
business, after exceeding the age of eighty years. The desire
is that he may have a quiet and happy evening of life. He
has become a member of the Penketh Old Scholars' Associa-
tion, and his portrait has been engraved in its sixteenth
report.
It is a satisfaction that the photograph he so kindly sent
by request completes the portraiture of the nine Super-
intendents of Penketh School.
* The first two boys on the list of Ayton Friends' School ; John William Watson and his
brother Alfred Watson, who entered in 1841 from Norton, near Stockton-on-Tees, are still
living in the same district.
FIRST ADMINISTRATION OF
SAMUEL EVENS,
1848-1855.
OAMUEL EVENS, from Darlington, entered as Super-
intendent on the 24th of 2nd mo. (February), 1848,
and his wife, Anne Evens, as Housekeeper, and both were
welcomed with confidence and hope.
Born in 1792, Samuel Evens was a scholar at Ackworth
from 1801 till 1806 ; he continued as apprentice till 1813, and
was a writing master for a year longer.
In 1810, he with two others, was balloted for the militia,
and they refusing to serve, were imprisoned in Wakefield
House of Correction for twenty-four days.
Samuel Evens stayed so long at Ackworth without a
vacation that when he went home he did not know his brothers
and sisters. He became the first master in the Friends'
School, Wigton, when it opened at Highmoor in 1815, and
stayed on till 1819.* In 1824 he married Anne Drewry, of
Bolton, near Wigton, who came of an old Quaker family. After
residing for business purposes at Penrith, Manchester and
Darlington, the Penketh School Committee, to whom he was
well known, offered him the post of Superintendent.
Samuel Evens, with his scholastic and commercial experi-
ence, entered with determination upon his duties, with a
* William Rathmell was Superintendent at the opening of the School, but as he and his
wife only stayed for one year, it would appear that Samuel Evens acted as Superintendent till
John Richard Everett took the of&ce in 1820.
66
SAMUEL EVENS.
From a Painting by Man' Hodgson.
FIRST ADMINISTRATION OF SAMUEL EVENS. 67
balance in current account of £112 against the Institution,
and with £300 of debts. The Committee concluded to borrow
as much as would pay these off.
It was necessary to raise the terms of admission, the lowest
of which was £6, with clothing included. No child was to
be admitted or allowed to continue at less than £10 ; and
those pupils for the time being whose friends did not reside
within the limits of the two proprietary Monthly Meetings,
and who were admitted at cost price, were required in future
to pay £18 per annum.
The first thing Samuel Evens did was to make a thorough
inspection of the establishment and its inmates. There were
only twenty-eight boys, and their general personal appearance
and condition was disgraceful. One was on crutches with a
broken leg, another had his arm in a sling with a broken elbow,
while a third had a broken wrist. The demeanour out of
school savoured of the dark ages. As an instance, when on
the first Sunday, Samuel Evens rang the bell unexpectedly
for afternoon reading, he noticed only a few little boys about
with the disabled ones ; but presently he saw boys scampering
from all directions and clambering over the playground walls.
This was no new thing, for the boys had long been addicted to
raiding the neighbouring farms, and had acquired a bad name
for poaching.
Samuel Evens set himself to bring in law and order. The
boys were taken singly before the Committee to be thor-
oughly searched, which resulted in the finding of a number
of skeleton keys of all kinds and several pistols and bullet
moulds. It is always darkest just before the dawn, and
Samuel Evens was strong for the work he had undertaken.
The games on the playground were evidently of a like rough
nature, for it became necessary to remove the " swinging
pole," as it " had been attended with danger to the health
and limbs of the boys, as well as the destruction of their
clothing."
68 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
Samuel Evens strongly expressed the opinion before the
Committee, that he could not carry on the school satisfactorily
with the defective arrangements he found on entering, and
he declined to reinstate the Girls' School until increased and
more convenient accommodation was provided for them,,
and their side separated from that of the boys.
The Committee were earnest in their endeavours to remedy
the existing defects, and they met with large sympathy on the
part of their friends. A plan was produced at the Committee
in 8th mo., 1848, showing intended alterations in the premises,
with a view of resuming the girls' school. This was further
discussed in the following month, when it was agreed to carry
out the scheme. So great was the desire of Friends to
help, that £540 was promised, the work was energetically
carried out, and the full cost of the alterations was stated in
the Fifteenth Report to be £661.
Very considerable were these alterations, and they did
much to relieve the overcrowded state of things. A new
wing was erected at the east end of the main building — now
to be called the boys' side. On the ground floor was a flagged
playroom with iron pillar supports. At the further end
were two rooms, one for a workshop, the other a lavatory,,
in which there was a wooden bath, lined with lead, that stood
behind the door, but it was inefficient, as all the hot water
required for it had to be carried from the kitchen.
The flag floor of the boys' old schoolroom at the west side
of the Institution was at this time boarded over and made
more cheerful and comfortable for the girls to use as their
new schoolroom. The girls' old schoolroom beyond was
turned into their playroom. The boys' old playground
between the school and Stocks Lane was then given to the
girls, and a new playground was made for the boys at the east
end, close to their new playroom and along its north and east
enclosing walls ; twenty-four gardens were laid out, each about
two yards long by one wide, which created a new interest
FIRST ADMINISTRATION OF SAMUEL EVENS.
69
among the boys. A new staircase was made from the west
corner of this new playroom, behind the door, and this led
up to the storey above, which contained a schoolroom and
two small class rooms behind it, that were directly over the
lavatory. Two of these were warmed by stoves, and one of
the class-rooms had an open fireplace.
The wide passage, that stood back on the boys' side of the
main building, was brought forward in a line flush with the
front building, and this addition served as the Superintendent's
ADDITION' OF WING COXTAIXIXG PLAYROOM WITH SCHOOLROOM ABOVE, 1850.
office, there being no such convenience before. A nursery
for the boys was built over this office. Correspondingly, on the
girls' side, the front parlour was brought flush with the main
building at the front, and a comfortable bedroom was made
above it.
These alterations were considered so satisfactory, that an
advertisement was inserted in The Friend and British Friend
announcing that the school would re-open for boys only, after
the vacation : that the Institution was in excellent order,
that Samuel Evens and his wife had been engaged respectively
70 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
as Master and Mistress, and that the former had had
experience at Ackworth and Wigton Friends' Schools.
The Committee of 1848 formulated twelve rules for general
•conduct, which the Superintendent was desired to read to the
'boys every three months. They also deemed it an advantage
that Samuel Evens should have true and tried Friends of the
school to advise with, and they appointed Thomas Waddington
and Edward West, of Warrington as Counsellors.
The outcome of a conference between committees of the
Quarterly Meeting and Penketh School was a Minute made
15th of 6th mo., 1848.
'' The Friends appointed to confer with the Committee of
Penketh School report : — It appears that the school was
•established in 1834 W the Monthly Meetings of Hardshaw
East and Hardshaw West, for the education of children
l)rought up in the principles and practices of the Society of
Friends, but not in membership ; also of children who are
members, but who are orphans or whose parents are in low
circumstances. The property is to remain vested in the
present Trustees, but all the Monthly Meetings in the Quarterly
Meeting are to have equal claim to the benefits arising there-
from, yet not to the exclusion of similar children residing
■elsewhere at the discretion of the Committee."
By the end of 1848, the revised terms of admission were
to be from £12 to £20, for those within the Quarterly Meeting,
and for those outside its bounds not less than £20. Early in
1849, it was thought best to appoint agents in each Monthly
Meeting within the Quarterly Meeting, to aid in bringing the
school before the notice of parents and guardians.
A very useful custom was inaugurated, by which a boy
was presented with a Bible on leaving school, the cost of
which was to come out of Thomas Richardson's Fund. Yet
if a boy were already possessed of a book, and it was in good
condition, then an approved work on the Principles of the
Society of Friends might be given instead.
FIRST ADMINISTRATION OF SAMUEL EVENS. JX
Would it not have been still better if the Bible had been
given to the boy on entering the school, as was the case at
Ackworth, for use during his schooldays, and as a cherished
possession for the remainder of life.
The evening readings were times of solemnity and instruc-
tion under Samuel Evens, and there is reason to believe that
they had an influence for good in the after lives of many.
His custom was to read aloud from the Scriptures, and some
approved Friends' book, and so soon as the clock struck
eight, he shut up the book with his accustomed punctuality^
and sent his young audience off to bed.
The '* offices " performed by the boys were many and
various, and their good side was in enabling a boy to be handy
at all kinds of work, and able to adapt himself to the circum-
stances in which he might be placed, either at home or in
rougher colonial life. These * * offices " comprised those of shoe-
cleaners,' knife-cleaners, potato-peelers, manglers, gardeners
and field workers, and that of post-boy, the most honourable
of them all. The girls had a round of domestic duties, which
stood them in equally good stead in after days.
At the beginning of 1850, it was found that the increased
rates of admission authorised in 1848 had not answered the
expectation, and the Committee had under its consideration
a proposal to reduce the terms, as they thought the advance had
militated against applications. The decision arrived at was
the discontinuance of providing the clothing of the children
from the school funds, and the reduction of the range of
admission rates of /12 to £20 to the standard of £9 to £15.
The General Meeting approved of the alteration, and accord-
ingly issued a circular to parents, stating that Penketh School
would be again open for girls as well as boys after the mid-
summer vacation of 1850. Thus after a two years' probationary
course as a boys' school only, the old regime was restored
on the 14th of 6th mo., 1850. Hannah Evens, daughter
of the Superintendent, was installed as Governess, and her
72 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
sister, Anne Drewry Evens, as Assistant. Samuel Evens on
the boys' side had Thomas Cartwright, the apprentice, to assist
him, and in the following year Walter Wade Willmott entered
as apprentice.
An important communication was received at the close
of 1849, ^T^om the General Meeting of Sidcot Friends' School
in Somersetshire, established in 1808, suggesting, that benefit
might arise from the appointment by the Yearly Meeting
of a well-qualified Friend, as Inspector of the several schools
reporting to it. The Sidcot Committee invited the attention
of the Committees of Ackworth, Croydon, Wigton, Rawdon,
Penketh, Ayton and Sibford to this subject, for they had
already appointed a sub-committee to forward the circular
and undertake correspondence. The plan commended itself
to the Penketh Committee, but no further action is recorded
on their Minutes. At the commencement of 1850, it was
decided that all the meetings of the school committee should
be held at the school for greater convenience.
Notices of the Penketh General Meeting do not appear to
have been sent systematically to the British Friend since its
commencement in 1843, for the second mention occurs so far on
as 5th mo., 1852, when the meeting was held on Good Friday.
However, the report then given is valuable because of its
rarity. '* The girls read, spell and give definitions of words
correctly ; their needlework is neatly executed, also their
answers in grammar, geography and mental calculation show
that great pains have been bestowed upon them by the
teachers. The house is in good order, reflecting great credit
on those who have charge of the domestic arrangements.
The general opinion of the examination of the whole school
is, that there is great proficiency in all branches except spel-
ling. The writing is pretty fair, and there are a nimiber of
creditable pencil drawings exhibited."
The Seventeenth Report, 1852, states that the School
Committee had paid off the £600 mortgage necessitated by
FIRST ADMINISTRATION OF SAMUEL EVENS. 73
the recent alterations. The Quarterly Meeting ordered a
£600 subscription to replace it, but as it only realised ^^343,
the Committee were obliged to borrow £250 at four per cent.,
to reimburse themselves.
The discontinuance of providing clothing for the scholars,
by the regulation passed in 1850, had a good effect on the
school funds. For the cost of the clothing to the Institution
in 1849 w^s £90 i6s. 3d., and it dropped to £S 12s. lod. in
1853. Correspondingly, the cost per child all round for the
year was reduced from £23 6s. 2d. in 1849 ^^ £^5 ^^s. 8d. in
1853.
The steady increase in the number of scholars must also
have been gratifying to the authorities.
In i2thmo., 1850 the number was 34 boys and 10 girls.
1851 ., „ 34 M 22 „
1852 „ „ 40 „ 22 „
1853 n „ 40 ,» 22 „
The Seventeenth Report further states that the General
Meeting of 1853 was held out of its usual course in consequence
of the decease of Anne Evens, the wife of the Superintendent,
who died the 15th of 3rd mo., 1853. Her niece, Anne Hinde,
succeeded as Housekeeper.
The straitened circumstances of the school funds were
much relieved during these years by the receipt of several
welcome legacies, which helped to pay off much of the
borrowed money.
In 1851 Ann Hopkins Smith, of Olney . . £480
Henry Heald . . . . . . . . . . 64
1852 Mary Rogers . . . . . . . . . . 20
1853 Charles Cumber, of Manchester . . . . 200
£764
Very kind and sympathetic it was of Charles Cumber thus to
remember Penketh School on account of his friendship with
his Ackworth schoolfellow, Samuel Evens.
74 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
In thus introducing Charles Cumber, it is interesting to-
remember that in 1795, the Friends of Manchester founded
a day school for boys and girls in their Meeting House in.
Jackson's Row. It had successively John Taylor and John
Gott as Masters till in 1816, Charles Cumber, of Croydon,
took charge of it. He removed in 1819 to new premises,
built at the corner of Peter Street and Mount Street,
by Manchester Preparative Meeting ; here he carried on the-
school most successfully till the year of his death, 1853,
and James Cook kept it on till 1856 ; in the following year
it was transformed into The Manchester Friends' Institute.
The summer vacations at Penketh had proved so satis-^
factory, that a Christmas holiday of ten days was tried.
It was specially for those whose parents desired to have their
children come home. As it happened, five boys and three-
girls, not so favoured, were obliged to remain in the school.
On the return of the children it was reported that *' They had
come back punctually, and not much unset tlement had
resulted."
During the seven years of Samuel Evens's first adminis-
tration, the school had received grants from
The Hardshaw Monthly Meetings . . . . . . £200-
Annual Subscriptions from the Quarterly Meeting . . 1,408
Special and ordinary donations . . . . . . 1,029'
Legacies . . . . . . . . . . . . 764
Cheshire Monthly Meeting . . . . . . . . 20*
£3>42i
The year 1855 saw a great change in the Staff, when in
sixth month, Samuel Evens, his daughters Anne Drewry and
Hannah Evens, and his niece Anne Hinde, left the service of
the Institution. They retired to Clonmel, where they con-
ducted an endowed school belonging to the Society of
Friends.
FIRST ADMINISTRATION OF SAMUEL EVENS. 75
Samuel Evens was in appearance a Quaker of the olden
time, with broad-brimmed hat and light cravat. He was a
stern and strict disciplinarian, and his extreme liking for
punctuality may be instanced by the following story.
The apprentice, one morning, was for the moment oblivious
of his duty to ring the six o'clock bell, when hearing the said
bell ominously sounding, he rushed wildly in that direction,
and found that Samuel Evens had not only done duty for him,
but was ready to accost him sternly with the words, ** My lad,
this will not do for me, I like punctuality."
But though he was so strict in routine throughout the
year, it was remarkable how he relaxed at Christmas, by
indulging the children in a round of oranges, figs, nuts and
raisins, and, more surprising still, in allowing charades to be
acted, and dialogues to be recited in costume. It must not
go unrecorded, that in the summer he organised excursions
for the whole school to Overton Hills, by train to Frodsham,
in Cheshire. Whether or not he was the first who did this
is uncertain. He must also have often joined in the games,
for he was a fair cricketer, even till past three score years.
Samuel Evens's first administration closed on the 30th of
6th mo. (June), 1855.
FREDERICK RICHARDSON'S
SUPERINTENDENCY,
1855-1860.
T^HE new administration had a touch of romance in its un-
folding, when at the Committee meeting of 5th of ist mo. ,
1855, Frederick Richardson and Sarah Lamb, of Sibford,
his intended wife, were appointed Superintendent and House-
keeper at Penketh School. They were married at the Friends'
Meeting House at Sibford Gower, and very soon proceeded
to Penketh as part of their hone5mioon, and reached the
school in time for the re-opening after the summer vacation.
Frederick Richardson was born at Coventry in 1829, and
entered Sibford School as a boy of thirteen ; he continued
there as an apprentice, and stayed as a Master till twenty-
three years of age. For two years he was at the Flounders
Institute, Ackworth, under Isaac Brown. From this college
he went as Master to the Friends' School, Mountmellick,
Ireland, under Benjamin Wood, just before the joint school
was separated, — in 1855, ^^e boys moving to Newtown,
Waterford, and the girls remaining at Mountmellick.
During the summer holidays, a sub-committee consisting
of Hannah Stretch, of Penketh, Mary Neild, wife of Ralph
Neild, and Elinor Holmes, wife of Charles John Holmes,
had charge of the domestic arrangements.
The staff was composed of Frederick Richardson, the head-
master ; Sarah Richardson, housekeeper ; Louis Fry, assistant
master ; Walter Wade Willmott and John Maw, apprentices ;
Mary Hannah Lamb, governess ; and Jane Sadler, apprentice.
There were only twenty-six boys and fourteen girls in the school.
76
FREDERICK RICHARDSON.
FREDERICK RICHARDSON's SUPERINTENDENCY. ^^
Coming with fresh experience from other schools, Frederick
Richardson sought to improve the appearance of the school-
rooms by decorating them with large maps, introducing better
equipment of chemical apparatus, and providing a wider
range of books for the library. He believed in the efficacy of
games, and delighted to join in them. In the course of time
he put up a swing, giant-stride, parallel bars and other gym-
nastic apparatus out of doors. In school affairs, he arranged
to send John Maw, who was a scholar from 1849 ^^ ^^54'
and afterwards on trial as apprentice, to York Boys' School
for further instruction, free of any charge. Walter W.
Willmott was favoured to gain instruction in drawing at the
Warrington School of Art, on Saturday afternoons. By the
end of 1856, the school had forty boys and twenty-one girls,
an increase of twenty-one.
At the close of 1855, the allowance to the apprentices of
clothing, and sixpence a week pocket money till eighteen
years of age, and one shilling a week afterwards, with a bonus
of five pounds at the end of a satisfactory apprenticeship,
was altered to a scale of payment, in lieu of the provision of
clothing and pocket money, which began with those on the
boys' side at £7, from fifteen to sixteen years old, and gradually
increased till the allowance was ^fio, for the last year. It was
two pounds less on the girls' side till the revised scale of 1859
began at £5, and finished at f\o, the bonus at the close still
remaining in force.
By special subscription, a rain-water cistern to contain
3,000 gallons was built under the courtyard ; a new upstairs
lavatory on the girls' side with six bowls was a great con-
venience, even though the space had to be taken off two bed-
rooms ; a new bath in place of the wooden one was put up
on the boys' side ; and a force pump was placed in the
scullery by which boys pumped soft water to the top of the
house, no doubt with the solace of bread and cheese at the
finish.
78 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
In 1858, Charles John Holmes, who became a committee
man in 1854, was appointed Treasurer of the school, an office
which he valued till his death. He had already acted as
Secretary, and had fully taken upon himself that large share
of service, which earned for him the epithet of *' Father of
the School."
In 5th mo., 1858, James Turner, who had been a scholar
from 1854, 2Lnd had, because of his capability, been employed
for two years in teaching the junior class, was engaged as
apprentice at the same time as Samuel Lunt (scholar 1852-7).
Louis Fry in 1857 succeeded to the second class. This was
composed of an unruly lot of big lads, who were so difficult
to manage, that the master, being run down in nerve, was
obliged to leave and go home. The next master also left in
two months, and Frederick Richardson was placed in a great
difficulty, but he hit upon a new and bold idea of setting his
top boy, not then fourteen years of age, over this wilful class,
and thus James Turner began his career as a teacher, and
brought his class under good control, and obtained satisfactory
results. When entering on his apprenticeship, in midsummer,
1858, James Turner was allowed to date back to the time he
commenced teaching this second class.
Samuel Lunt, the other apprentice, was obliged to retire
in i860, through ill health, and he died in 1861. The earliest
photograph the Penketh Photographic Record possesses is
a copy of one, taken on glass by the collodion process, of the
boys Samuel Lunt, James Turner and John Fisher O'Brien, in
1856.
The engagement of a competent Drawing Master occurs
for the first time in 1859, ^^^ Jonathan Christmas Thompson,
of the School of Art, Warrington, came at stated times at a
salary of ^^35. - He continued his services for many years
with great benefit to the scholars.
Joshua Fayle, an Irish Friend, who had been at the Flounders
Institute, Ackworth, came to stay in Penketh, and while
FREDERICK RICHARDSON S SUPERINTENDENCY.
79
there he devoted some of his time to teaching in the school.
His service was acknowledged by the Committee with a gift
of three guineas.
The ploughing, carting, etc., on the school farm had
been done for some years by a farmer who lived near.
This custom not being altogether satisfactory, it was concluded
to procure a horse, cart and plough, harrow, manure, barrel
and harness at a cost of fifty pounds. Tradition says the
excitement among the boys on seeing a horse doing the heavy
FIDDLERS FKRRY IXX. PEXKETH, OX THE MERSEY.
work was something to be remembered. Joseph Goulden,
the faithful farm man, who had already served the school for
eight years at fifteen shillings a week, must also have felt his
spirits raised above their usual measure, not only by this most
welcome horse-power, but by the addition of two shillings to
his weekly wages as a reward for satisfactory service.
Penketh School had already received considerable grants
of money from time to time, yet so straitened were its
finances, that the Committee recorded in 8th mo., 1858, '' that
So HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
they find the payments and subscriptions have never been
equal to the expenditure, and they are of the judgment,
that they should in future make a yearly application to the
meeting for conducting the affairs of the Hardshaw estates,
(the property belonging to the two Monthly Meetings of the
Society of Friends in South Lancashire), for a grant of one
hundred pounds, as the only means of creditably and regu-
larly meeting the necessary expenses of the school."
From the year 1859 ^^is grant towards the current expenses
of the school has been continued.
The aggregate of grants from the above source during
Frederick Richardson's superintendency of six years was
3^300, and the subscriptions from the Quarterly Meeting of
Lancashire and Cheshire during the same period £1,199.
The subscriptions from the Quarterly Meeting, for the
twenty-seven years from 1834 to i860, were £5,210, or an
average of £193 a year. In ten of those years the amount
was over £200 a year, but from i860 these gifts began sensibly
to decline, and only in the year 1868 did they reach over £200.
In 4th mo., 1859, J^h^ ^^d Martha Holdsworth, of Eccles,
invited the whole school to Manchester. On arriving in the
city about noon, they were met by George Satterthwaite,
who took them to see the Infirmary and St. Ann's Square, and
to an exhibition of pictures in the Mechanics' Institution,
and lastly to tea at the Friends* Institute, in Mount Street,
which latter might be called the Friends* Club, for the use of
all Friends living in or visiting Manchester. John Holdsworth
not being present on the occasion, the boys and girls respec-
tively wrote a letter to him, describing the day's excursion as
being the pleasantest they had had while at school. These
letters were signed by eleven boys and nine girls.
The school land was from time to time subject to distraint.
The claimant for small tithes was the Vicar of Prescot, and
for the great tithes, the Provost and Fellows of Kings' College,
Cambridge.
FREDERICK RICHARDSON*S SUPERINTENDENCY. 8l
Frederick Richardson was a free, easy and modernised master,
and possessed of a good deal of tact. He was open-hearted, and
trusted the boys. His association with Joshua Fayle, at the
mixed school at Mountmellick led him to allow more intercourse
between boys and girls, on those favoured occasions when both
sides joined in playing ** Drop the handkerchief" or other
games, while indoors the generous sprinkling of Irish boys and
girls led to patriotic rivalry in recitation with the English.
Frederick Richardson was an enthusiastic promoter of all
outdoor sports, and being a swimmer, he soon prevailed on
the boys to go with him a mile-and-a-half,to bathe in the tidal
waters of the Mersey, above Fiddler's Ferry. He always
bathed with the boys, and tested the depths on the shifting
sandbanks, and placed floating logs to show any deep holes.
The distance, however, proved a drawback, and the boys,
when appealed to, declared in favour of the use of the marlpits
in the school field, out of which the clay had been taken to put
on the land. After a council of masters with the gardener,
the boys heard with joy that the scheme was carried, and
they set to work to ladle the water out of one pit into the
other close by, and men wheeled away the mud in a handcart
on to the land. The eels at the bottom were a perquisite
to the gardener. Lastly, the water was run in from the smaller
pit, and after being replenished by heavy rains, the bath was
complete. And now it was surely in better trim, than when
Louis Fry, one of the masters, used to bathe in its muddy
waters. An unforeseen difficulty arose from the pit being
wholly exposed to the high road. But eventually a Friend from
Liverpool brought a Crimean bell-tent, and the squad who
were told off for the first dip raced boisterously across the
field, and soon pronounced the bath a triumphant success.
The girls enjoyed their fair share of frolicking with infinite
glee, stirring up the water into a state of semi-liquid clay.
But the tent was stolen, and recourse was had to canvas
stretched round poles till a wooden shed could be erected.
82 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
Outdoor games were better organised than in the earlier
days, though cricket* and football had only reached an ele-
mentary stage. The favourites were " shepherd's warning,"
*' prisoners' base," ** leap frog," ** French and Enghsh,"
and last, not least, the cheerily named ** Hi-cock-a-lorum,"
a glorified form of leap frog.
Of natural history pursuits, shell hunting was a favourite
with the boys, and field botany and plant pressing with the
girls. Chess and draughts were played indoors. Boys with
tops and marbles occupied the playground in their seasons.
Others followed the quieter occupation of keeping small
gardens by the side of the playground, which often led to
larger aspirations in after life. Agricultural work was still
an important part of a boys* education, and the life had many
charms. Boys worked on the farm, fed the pigs, and had the
coveted pleasure of reaping the corn with sickles. To the
honour of the master be it said, that the joys of harvest time
were given to those boys, who in the dark days, had willingly
spread manure on the fields, and pulled up turnips for the cows
in the frosty mornings. All the boys took a share in looking after
the garden, gathering apples, and the delights of haymaking.
The number of children in the school at the end of 1859 was
thirty-nine boys and twenty-one girls, a full school of sixty.
Frederick Richardson left Penketh School on the 13th of
2nd mo., i860. He became private tutor to James King's
son at Rochdale ; next he had a private school in Bishop
Auckland, and finally he took a school at Lexden, Colchester,
for boarders and day scholars, — with a revived endowment for
the education of six boys, — which he conducted with honour
and success for about thirty-four years. He died on the 28th
of 4th mo., 1903, aged seventy-four years. His widow still
ives at Lexden, Colchester.
• Contemporary Cricket at Ackworth in 1848, Cricket like " Rounders," single wicket,
short bat, ball pitched on to it, boy either caught or run out. In 1857 Dennis Davy, the Clerk
of the School, showed how to set a field or pitch a ball correctly. 1859, First Ackworth
Cricket Club established, called " The Green Club." Essay on Cricket by Alfred E.
Bin yon.
JOSHUA HOPKINS DAVY.
JOSHUA HOPKINS DAVY'S
SUPERINTENDENCY,
1860-1863.
JOSHUA HOPKINS DAVY entered as Superintendent
J on the 13th of 2nd mo., i860, with his wife, Jane Davy,
as housekeeper.
J. H. Davy, son of James Smith Davy, of Sheffield, was
born in 1826. He was educated at Ackworth School from
1836 to 1839, ^^d became apprenticed to his uncle, Henry
Hopkins, grocer, of Scarborough. When out of his time he
began business for himself as a grocer in Sheffield. He married
Jane Wood, daughter of William Wood, of York. She was
previously a teacher at the Friends* School, Mountmellick.
Being a man of culture, he turned his attention to teaching,
but though of some literary attainment, he did not possess
the special qualifications for a teacher and disciplinarian, and
the order and tone of the school suffered in consequence. His
wife was a good teacher, and did her best to aid her husband
who suffered at times from ill health.
The Staff was composed of Joshua H. Davy, headmaster,
Charles Elcock, master ; James Turner, apprentice ; Anna
Jane Davies, governess ; Jane Davy, assistant mistress. At
the end of i860 there were thirty-three boys and twenty-one
girls in the school. The Twenty-sixth Report, 1861, contains
this comparative statement : —
«3
84 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
i S. d.
Balance of Property, 31st. 12 mo., i860 .. .. 4,041 14 7
Deduct : —
Excess of Expenditure . . . . 392 3 7
Loss on Drain Pipes . . . . 27 3 5
Repairs omitted i860 .. .. 11 7 6
430 14 6
3,611 o I
Add legacy from the late Robert Mason, of New
Lanark — ^less interest . . . . 198 o o
;f3.8o9 o I
This legacy of £200 left by Robert Mason, of New Lanark,
came in very opportunely in 6th month, 1861.
The principal alteration of this time was the making of a
great drain, leading from the school down Stocks Lane, and
entering into Penketh Brook. The idea was at first strenu-
ously opposed by the landowners in the neighbourhood, but
eventually the difficulty was overcome. The cost of the un-
dertaking was £150. The old stoves, which had served their
day in warming the class rooms, made way for open fireplaces.
On the 7th of 2nd mo., 1862, a memorable minute occurs,
though there is no mention of anything immediately resulting
from it, but it is the first searchlight thrown on that system of
mixed teaching which did not come into regular practice for
nineteen years; it runs thus : '' Teaching in Boys' and Girls'
Schools claims attention ; a committee is appointed to en-
quire into the teaching of boys and girls in the same class.'*
This committee, if it ever did find any school that had
mixed teaching to inquire into, must only have given in a
verbal report. It is possible that Jane Davy brought her own
class, when her husband was ill or away from the school, and
taught it in conjunction with her husband's first class, but
sufficient evidence is not at hand to conclude that mixed
teaching was tried to any appreciable extent.
JOSHUA HOPKINS DAVY*S SUPERINTENDENCY. 85
The practice of sending apprentices to be trained in higher
schools had not then obtained, nor had it come to be regarded
as a necessary part of the terms of agreement. Yet James
Turner may be considered as a forerunner of the movement, in
being set at Hberty in 1862 to go to the Flounders Institute,
Ackworth, for one year, on payment of his apprenticeship
allowance of jfg only.
The days of Isaac Cooke, one of the founders of Penketh
School, had run their course on the 13th of nth month, 1862.
He, in conjunction with his late friend, James Cropper, founded
the Institution in 1834. From that time to the date of his
decease, Isaac Cooke continued a member of the School Com-
mittee, and was always one of the most constant and liberal
supporters of the Institution. A portrait of him is presented
in this work, taken from the excellent photograph, which his
son, George Cooke, gave to the School in 1886. At the close
of J. H. Davy's time there were twenty-eight boys and nine
girls in the school. The subscriptions during these three and
a half years amounted to £387 and the donations to ;f 300.
Joshua H. and Jane Davy, left Penketh at midsummer,
1863. Afterwards they took charge of the Friends* School
at Colchester, with its small endowment, for a period. Later
on, they came to Manchester, where J. H. Davy was for a few
years editor of the periodical " The Sugar Cane,'* then issued
by the firm of Sugar Refiners, Fryer, Benson, and Forster.
Jane Davy died in 1873, aged forty years, and Joshua H. Davy,,
after a serious illness, died in 1882, aged fifty-six years.
SAMUEL EVENS
IN HIS SECOND ADMINISTRATION,
1 863 -1 869.
OAMUEL EVENS, on retiring from Penketh School in
1855, went, as before stated, to take charge of the
Friends' Endowed School in Clonmel , which, with the help of his
family, he carried on successfully for a few years. The recon-
struction of Mountmellick Friends' School, by removing the
boys to Newtown, Waterford, and making the old institution
into a school for girls only in 1855, so reduced the Clonmel
School, that the Trustees saw no chance of its ever again being
carried on satisfactorily. It was therefore sold and ceased to
be used as a school.
After spending a few more years in Ireland, Samuel Evens
returned to Penketh School in 7th mo., 1863, when at the age
of seventy-one years. His daughter, Hannah Evens, took
her old place as governess and another daughter, Anne Drewry
Evens, resumed her position of teacher and his niece, Anne
Hinde, as housekeeper. On the boys' side James Turner was
still an apprentice, and when his term expired in 1864, he con-
tinued as a master. Only twenty boys and eight girls were
in the school. In the beginning of 1867 the office of Super-
intendent was separated from that of teacher, and Samuel
Evens was authorised to leave his teaching, and undertake
the general superintendency.
In 1866 James Turner, who had passed through his appren-
ticeship, went to the Friends* School at Brookfield, Wigton.
SECOND ADMINISTRATION OF SAMUEL EVENS.
87
In a year's time, however, he returned to Penketh, in a new
estate, having been married to Hannah, daughter of Samuel
Evens, in 7th mo., 1867. He now became first class master
under his father-in-law. In the following year, James Turner
purchased a plot of land from the school estate for £100, on
the other side of Stocks Lane, upon which he built a house
for his own residence.
OVERTON HILLS AND CHURCH, FRODSHAM, CHESHIRE.
During these years the school received numerous gifts.
Joseph Pease, of Darlington, sent several sets of books, a large
telescope to take the place of the old one, and many useful
articles for the playroom and workroom. John Kitching, of
London, left a legacy of £50, and George Danson, of Manchester,
one of £20. The Trustees of Howard's Charity in London pre-
sented £25, which appears to be their first and only gift.
The subscriptions during the six years* Superintendency
were ^f 1,149, ^^® grants from Hardshaw East and West
Monthly Meetings, £990, and £5 from the Frandley Estate, in
88 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
Cheshire. No structural alterations were carried out. The
well in the courtyard was deepened from twelve to thirty-
two feet, and a plentiful supply of good water was the result.
The large marl-pit, situate where the Jubilee wing stands,
containing twelve feet of water and four of mud, was com-
pletely filled up.
Before the close of 1868, land was purchased from the school
estate, under the powers of the Manchester, Sheffield and
Lincolnshire (extension to Liverpool) Act, of 1865, together
with the two original " home colony '* cottages upon it, for
the sum of £750, for the purpose of allowing a thirty-four miles
line of railway to pass through it from Manchester to Liverpool.
This was eventually opened for traffic on 2nd September,
1873, and vested in the Cheshire Lines Committee. The Com-
pany agreed to pay £5 5s. 4d. as their proportion of the
original ground rent of £22 los. per annum.
The money obtained from the Railway Company enabled
the Committee to purchase a freehold field of about five
acres, adjoining their other land in Great Sankey Township.
Two cottages were erected on it, behind the school buildings,
to replace those pulled down, for the use of the gardener and
tailor respectively. By agreement between the Highway
Board and the School, the old road or Stocks Lane, which
skirted with an awkward turn the wall of the girls* playground,
as far as the courtyard, and then ran due north to the high
road, was made to continue in a straight line with the newly
constructed road over the railway bridge, through this field
to the high road. This diversion of way made the school
buildings more private and self contained.
A pleasant reminiscence of this period by an old Penketh
Scholar, the late Benjamin Bower Le Tall, M.A., in *'Past and
Present,** 1893, tells of the pleasure he had twenty-five years
ago, *' in possessing four gardens of the twenty-four along the
sunny side of the boys* playground, in which nasturtiums,
Indian cress, pansies and Virginian stocks were the favourite
SECOND ADMINISTRATION OF SAMUEL EVENS. 89
flowers. As for nasturtium leaves, we took them in to ' Bread
and Milk ' and fed thereon. But what didn't we eat then ?
Acorns, sloes, crabs, raw mushrooms, wild garlic leaves, root-
stocks of buttercups and of yellow water iris and pig nuts."
Let it not be supposed that these omnivorous and ever hungry
boys escaped their due share of suffering caused by these strange
indulgences of appetite. George Sykes, at school at this time,
1866-9, ^^lls of the woeful experience consequent on a kind
Friend giving the boys a lot of scarlet-runner beans to
set in their own little gardens ; instead of which the
boys very soon set them in themselves by- devouring them.
Then came the retribution ; when some dozen of them were
seen rolling on the schoolroom floor with the stomach-ache,
and taking an after course of medicine in the matron's room.
B. B. LeTall says further, in his reminiscences, ** One great
work in gardening consisted in scooping out all the soil on
to the asphalte, pounding it fine as dust and replacing it.
A laburnum tree flourished in an angle in the long side of the
playground. Its * golden rain ' of blossom bedecked nearly
all of us on Sunday at Meeting, for the Superintendent did not
object to buttonholes, and some of its flowers mysteriously
crossed the premises."
Samuel Evens with his neat Quaker costume had a dignified
bearing which, on the occasion of a visit to France, somewhat
mystified the Custom House officials, who took him to be a
Catholic Priest, and so let his luggage pass unexamined,
Samuel Evens finally left Penketh School in 6th mo., 1869.
He lived some years with his friend, John Nodal, at Sale, near
Manchester, and while there was much valued as a diligent
attender and supporter of the Friends' Meeting of Ashton-upon-
Mersey. In 1871 he returned to Penketh, and lived in the
house belonging to his son in law, J ames Turner, where he died in
1878, being nearly eighty-six years of age. He was interred in
the Friends* Burial Ground at Penketh by the side of his wife,
his daughter Annie Drewry Evens, and his first grand-child.
JAMES TURNER^S SUPERINTENDENCY,
1869.1885.
/^N the retirement of Samuel Evens at the end of 6th mo.,
1869, James Turner, the first class master, at once
succeeded to the Superintendency, and his wife became the
first who was officially called the Mistress of the Family. They
vacated the house they had built and went to live in the
school.
James Turner was born at Lancaster, on the i8th of 5th
month, 1843 ; he entered Penketh School as a scholar in 5th
month, 1854, when eleven years of age.
Commencing at the bottom of the school, with great
industry he worked his way up into the highest class during his
first year, and thus was under Samuel Evens for a short time.
He continued as apprentice till 1864 and was Master from 1864
to 1866.
After an interval of one year, which he spent as a teacher at
the Friends* School at Wigton, he returned to Penketh School
as a master from 1867 to 1869. Finally he entered on what
proved to be the longest Superintendency in the history of
the school, covering as it did a period of sixteen years and a
half. His connection with the school extended over thirty-
two years.
The staff consisted of James Turner, Superintendent, his
wife, HanAah Turner, Housekeeper ; Henry Crunden Sargent
and Samuel Ottiwell Wood, Junior Teachers, Mary Jane Hall,
a Wigton scholar and teacher, as Governess ; Mary Ann
JAMES TURNER.
JAMES TURNER S SUPERINTENDENCY. 9I
Walmsley, a Penketh scholar (1863-7) as apprentice. Besides
these there were three female servants, and also two farm men,
who hved out of the school. The number of children on the
last day of 1869 was thirty-one boys and twenty girls. The
total admitted since the commencement was 668, or an average
of nineteen a year.
The close of 1869, witnessed the first departure from the
restrictions imposed by the founders upon the admissions into
the school. These had been confined to those who were con-
nected with the Society of Friends but were not in membership,
and secondly, to those who were its members. But in the case
of the boy Frederick William Monks, of Warrington (1869-71),
there was no connection whatever with that Society. This
difficulty of securing the class of children for which the school
was founded was felt also at Ackworth School ; for two years
later, in 1871, the strict rule of admitting only those in
membership in the Society of Friends was relaxed, and the
doors were opened for those who were non-members.*
Rawdon School also, founded in 1832, and exclusively
reserved for those in connection with Friends, made way for
the admission of members in 1848, and in 1871 for those
unconnected with the Society, f
THE MARL-PIT MADE INTO A PLUNGE BATH.
Joseph Pease, with his kind consideration for schools,
presented £25 to Penketh towards a plunge bath, this in addi-
tion to the money already collected enabled the Superinten-
dent to proceed with the transformation of the marl-pit in
the field adjoining the school into a square structure about
fifty feet in length and breadth, flagged at the bottom, bricked
round the sides, and enclosed by a hoarding. The bath being
on a low level, received its water from the adjoining fields.
The water was very rarely changed, as it was a laborious
and expensive process to pump for three days with a
• " History of Ackworth School," by Henry Thompson.
t " History of Rawdon School," by W. J. Kaye, M.A.
92 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
hand pump. In course of time a substantial unscaleable
brick wall took the place of the boards. This expanse
of water was used for bathing in during summer and
skating on in winter.
A much needed play-shed was built at the end of the boys*
playground, which served as a most welcome shelter on rainy
days. A workshop was added at the garden end for those
who had a turn for carpentry.
Entrance gates were erected in Stocks Lane, and a wide
gravel walk was made to the front door of the school. Stone
pillars and a gate were put up at the beginning of the " Back
Lane/' now become school property ; and two other stone
posts and a wooden gate were placed between the front
garden and the boys' playground ; besides these the old six
foot wall between the kitchen garden and the boys' play-
ground was replaced by a two foot wall, which added greatly
to the cheerful aspect of the playground.
The girls' playground was drained and asphalted, and a new
high brick wall was built round two sides, separating it from
Stocks Lane and the Back Lane. This was soon well covered
with the ivy that had overgrown the old one. Iron palisades
were put up between this playground and the front garden
in place of the six foot wall.
The main addition to the school buildings and one that
continued till the Jubilee, consisted of a one-storey schoolroom
and classroom, built on the site of the great filled up marl-
pit, along the north side of the boys' playground. A year or
two later another room was added at the end, with a masters'
common room above it, a kind of watch tower, as shown in
the Jubilee view of the school. These additions enabled
the old schoolroom and classroom situate above the boys'
playroom to be converted into a dormitory which was called
" The Big Bedroom."
The old staircase opposite the office door was done away
with, and the one leading out of the playroom was used for
JAMES turner's superintendency. 93
ascending to the new dormitory or '* big bedroom/' which had
a door communicating with the *' long bedroom." This
arrangement brought all the boys out of the centre building
and liberated the room at the top of the house for a nursery.
Before these alterations the boys were compelled to come
down the staircase near the office door from their bedrooms
in the centre building and run across the space between the
passage door and the playroom door, which was open to the
elements and often blocked up with snow in winter, in order to
wash in the lavatory at the far end of the boys' playroom.
The washing cellar with its low ceiling, which had been in
use for forty years, was at last considered neither healthy
nor desirable ; a building was therefore joined on to the kitchen^
consisting of two rooms on the ground floor for washings
drying and mangling, and two rooms above for ironing and
airing off, and for a boys' bedroom. An engine and steam
machinery were placed in the wash-house, and a large cistern
was built underneath.
An improvement in the dining-room, which shed cheer-
fulness alike on boys and girls at meal times, was effected by
converting the four windows into two well thrown-out bays.
This gave also extended table room for the children, and
relieved the pressure at the crowded General Meetings.
On the girls' side, a room was provided for the lady
teachers in a one storey building which extended from the
library into the playground. This was a great convenience,
for the library was the only retiring room the girls' teachers
had, and it was not only used at times for a classroom, but
was the general highway for the girls to pass from the dining
room to their schoolroom. A fire-place was in one corner^
and there was one window, and altogether it was the most
disturbed room on the girls' side.
The girls' schoolroom and playroom were in great part rebuilt
and dormitories placed over them, thereby liberating the
girls' bedroom in the main building for the use of the
94
HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
Superintendent. The new wing was cemented on the inside of
the exposed west wall, and subsequently also on the outside.
A matron's room, with a new sitting-room for the lady
teachers over it, and a second storey over the previous
mistresses' room for a bedroom, were added to the west of the
main building, and the porch moved on to the west end, till
it was close upon a great tree. Minor alterations were also
made, consisting of hot water baths, heating of premises by
hot water pipes, a boys' as well as a girls' cloakroom, the
boarding of the girls' playroom, boys' lavatory enlarged,
new lavatories upstairs for the girls, a steam boiler and
cooking appliances.
From the thirty-fifth to the forty-first Report, extending
over seven years, the total cost of these alterations and
•extensions are stated to have been £2,302. During the same
years
The Special Donations were . . 680
Ordinary Donations
Annual Subscriptions
Special Subscriptions
Legacies
Excess of Income over Expenditure
710
1,062
136
100
760
s.
o
o
o
o
o
o
£3.448 o o
so that the forty-first Report, that for 1876, says, **The Com-
mittee have been enabled to pay off the whole cost of the
recent enlargements and they do not contemplate any
further extensions, at any rate for the present."
In 1872 a triangular plot of ground was purchased for
£270 by the side of the railway to the east, which made the
school estate quite compact. This plot was the only freehold
land the school possessed in Penketh township.
Though a Christmas vacation was tried in 1854 as an
experiment, with some satisfaction, yet the Committee did
JAMES TURNER S SUPERINTENDENCY. 95
not give it their unqualified approval, and in 1869-70, whilst
they did not recommend the practice, yet they liberated the
children at the request and charge of their parents. Twenty-
three boys and eighteen girls took advantage of it out of the
fifty-seven children in the school. This holiday was so far
from being a success, that it was decided in the following year
not to have a winter vacation, after the serious effects on the
health of the school produced by the experiment of the year
before.
FIRST EXAMINATION BY THE CAMBRIDGE SYNDICATE.
At the close of 1872, Walter Morris, who represented the
Conmiittee at the School Conference in London, brought
back the advice, that application be made to the Cambridge
Sjmdicate for Examiners for Penketh School. This school
made the initial step in examinations of this nature in Friends'
public schools.
Edmund Ledger, M.A., accordingly visited the school in
3rd mo., 1873, for the examination. His report stated that
the seventy children had been examined partly viva voce and
partly in the form of written questions, which were answered
on slates, as none of the classes were accustomed to work on
paper. The course of instruction was of an elementary char-
acter, comprising reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, mental
calculation, English history, geography, grammar, and drawing.
*' The attainment of the first class of girls — average age
thirteen years — was very satisfactory; the second class of
girls contrasted favourably with the lowest class of boys.
Great attention had been paid to the important occupation
of needlework. The specimens of freehand drawing on both
sides were in many cases decidedly above the average.
'' The boys' first class — average age thirteen — was so satis-
factory that it called for few remarks. The weak thing is
parsing, but excellently done by two boys. As a whole, the
work of the school is in a satisfactory state. It is evident
96 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
that great pains have been taken with the children. The
standard aimed at is attained, and the work is thorough."
Early in 1873, Professor Greenbank, of Manchester, a
leading elocution teacher, gave a week's lessons in reading.
This was prior to the examination by the Cambridge Syndi-
cate. A further course was given six months later. It was
a good step thus to call in the aid of an expert in order to lift
the practice of reading aloud out of the groove which, it may
be said, all schools are liable to drift into.
Penketh School at this time, and as it has been ever since,
was at a great disadvantage in having so few residential
Friends who could attend the meetings for worship. Charles
John Holmes lived for some years at a farm in Great Sankey,
but on his removal to Warrington there were only Philip-
Darbyshire and his wife at the Meeting House cottage, and
Henry Hall Beakbane near Fiddler's Ferry Station. During
the nine years' residence of the latter in Penketh, he was
wont to have small parties of children to tea, which was to
them a rare treat, though all too short. But when he left the
neighbourhood in 1878, there were only two Friends residing
in the village.
One Sunday morning in 4th mo., 1874, while the scholars were
quietly gathered at the Friends' Meeting, a quarter of a mile
away, a fire broke out spontaneously in some old material
that was stowed under the staircase that led to the masters*
room, then at the far end of the boys' wing. Joseph Goulden,.
the gardener, in going his round, discovered it, and instead
of running to the Meeting House to give the alarm, as a less
sagacious person might have done, he promptly put it out in
its infancy, with a damage of only £37 los.
The school numbered forty-eight boys and twenty-five
girls at the end of 1874, and it was thought a fitting time
to advance the lowest rate of admission from £12 to £14.
William Darbyshire, of Grappenhall, near Warrington,,
a member of the school Committee, occasionally brought a
JAMES TURNER S SUPERINTENDENCY.
97
basket of his apples for the fine fun of scrambhng them
among the uproarious boys on the playground ; and more
than this, he invited the whole school to tea at his farm.
These were delightful treats, when boys and girls roamed
unrestrained and free in the domestic menagerie of the farm-
yard, and clambered on the hay-mows and finally sat down
to a real farm-house tea, with a new laid egg for each, and
FIRST RISE OF OVERTON HILLS, FRODSHAM, CHESHIRE.
lovely fresh radishes and lettuce just pulled from his market
garden.
In 5th mo., 1874, the Committee recorded their feeling of
indebtedness in this minute, " William Darbyshire, of Morris-
brook Farm, having for the third time entertained the chil-
dren to tea, they desire to express their appreciation of his
kindness."
Infectious diseases were more liable to be introduced into
the school after winter than summer vacations. The Christ-
mas holidays of 1876-7 afford a baneful illustration of this
98 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
fact. Soon after the return of the children, four cases of
chicken-pox and fourteen of measles occurred, which had been
brought into the school by the children. After this, a bill
of health was required from parents and guardians before-
their children were sent back to school. This precaution
was extended in 1878 to the summer vacation.
" THE NATURAL HISTORY JOURNAL.''
A new interest was awakened by the starting of an inter-
school periodical entitled ** The Natural History Journal."'
It was conducted by the Societies in Friends' schools. Its
editors were masters at Bootham School, York, J. Edmund
Clark, B.A., B.Sc, and Benjamin B. LeTall, M.A., the latter
a Penketh scholar. The first number appeared on the 15th
February, 1877, and the journal became a most useful publi-
cation. Thomas Little, a junior teacher at Penketh, supplied
Penketh School news till he left, in 1878. His place was taken
successively by the teachers Arthur A. Hilton, John Ker
Simpson, and Arthur W. Foulkes. Penketh School is men-
tioned in the first number, and in the following one Arnold
Little and Charles Frederick Jesper, two of the boys, figure^
as the meteorologists of the school and report *' that the prevail-
ing wind was the west and that Penketh and Lisburn were the-
driest schools in the matter of rainfall."
From this journal can be gathered the number who attended
the General Meeting in those halcyon days when the gatherings
was held on Good Friday, and Friends took advantage of the-
holiday to visit the school. Here is the note, though possibly
it contains an over-estimate. " The General Meeting on
30th of 3rd mo., 1877 was attended by about 400^
Friends, including over seventy old scholars." Imagine the^
crowding at dinner time in that one dining room made to-
accommodate one hundred, and the providing for such a
multitude over and above the school's requirements. Three-
sittings-down became a positive necessity, and thus all thfr
JAMES turner's SUPERINTENDENCY. 99
spare time before the afternoon meeting was taken up. James
Turner showed his consideration for old scholars of limited
means by giving a free dinner to about twenty of them.
The boys all this time were fain to make a free and easy
repast on their pork pies under the shelter of the hedge in a
field ; and as for the girls, it never transpired where they
spread out their frugal meal. Such enthusiastic gather^
ings have not been seen since the General Meetings were
removed from Good Friday.
One of the popular customs during this Superintendency^
so freely allowed to both old boys and girls, was the staying
over the General Meeting night when they crowded in wherever
room was to be found ; and as there was no school on the
following morning, past and present girls took their usual
long walk to the windmill, while there were plenty of young
fellows to join with the boys in lively games on the play~
ground till the welcome dinner bell rang.
In the forty-second report, presented to the General Meeting
on Good Friday, 1877, was incorporated the report of the
Cambridge Syndicate, after the examination of the school by
T. J. Sanderson, M.A. It is historically valuable as the
school's standard of attainment measured by an outside
recognised test. The examiner says : —
The number of children is fifty boys and thirty girls.
Reading good.
Hand- writing excellent.
Spelling good in the ist classes.
Grammar and analysis very good indeed, the teachers and
taught deserve high praise.
In Girls' ist class, analysis is not attempted.
Geography ist and 2nd Boys, very good,
ist and 2nd Girls, fair in British Isles, but they are not able
to compete with the boys.
English History : the answers were written out in good style
and the knowledge is very creditable.
Girls ist and 2nd in the same, fair.
Arithmetic, Boys ist very good, as to methods and accuracy.
TOO HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
Boys 2nd much lower average of marks.
Girls' ist class had the same papers as ist class boys, and they
were done very creditably.
Mensuration : Boys ist Class, pretty good to poor. Disap-
pointed that this subject did not include land-surveying in
an agricultural school.
Algebra, very feeble, most of the attempts were failures.
In summing up, — The course of instruction is limited, but the
subjects taken up have been pursued in general, and particu-
larly by the ist class boys, with care and thoroughness.
Three subjects might be added to the programme if time
allowed, viz : — Euclid, Latin, and Elements of Science, the
last to be taught orally from Huxley's " Physiography."
THE TEACHING OF MUSIC.
The subject of the teaching of music in Friends' schools
began seriously to exercise the attention of the committees
of every school. The old Quaker bias against the waste
of time which the learning of music required persisted still
in the Society of Friends. The question occupied years
of great searchings of heart and animated discussions in the
General Meetings of the schools. It was not until girls who
would have been sent to Friends' schools if music had been
taught, were sent to others where it was taught, that general
meetings and committees of schools saw how inevitable
such teaching must be, and how much would be lost by
abstaining from it. It was only on this account that the
subject was allowed to be taught, but with the stipulation that
it be charged for separately from school fees.
The Penketh Committee were tenacious of the old Quaker
estimate of music and the non-utility of teaching it, even
though they were fully aware of the difficulty girls had on
leaving school of obtaining situations as governesses without
the qualification for teaching music.
On the 5th of loth mo., 1877, the propriety of teaching
music to some of the Penketh girls was first brought before
the consideration of the Committee. The question
JAMES TURNER S SUPERINTENDENCY. lOI
was postponed for two months for Friends to consider it.
When it at length came before a committee of men and
women jointly, it was unanimously decided that no facilities
should be afforded for learning music, either on or off the
premises. So conclusive and far-reaching was this decision,
that for eight long years the subject does not appear on the
minutes of Committee.
Yet during this period it was found absolutely necessary
for the obtaining of situations, that several girls should
receive musical instruction in Warrington.
The winter vacation of 1877-8 was again optional, six'ty-
five children availing themselves of it, leaving fifteen in the
school. In S5mripathy for those who were thus debarred
the cheery pleasures of home, one of the Committee was
accustomed year after year to go down to the school to com-
fort and entertain them. Tradition says that one Christmas
Eve, as he was tramping through the mile-and-a-half of deep
snow from Fiddler's Ferry station, he felt needles of frozen
moisture falling sharply against his face, till he said to him-
self, *' the thermometer must be at zero " ; and so he found
it had been all over the district. On the following day the
boys built a snow hut on their playground, into which the whole
family of fifteen girls and boys, with their visitor, managed to
pack themselves. Later on they made a general rush to the
blazing fire in the girls' schoolroom to thaw their half frozen
extremities. It will be in the remembrance of many an old
scholar how this Friend, during the eleven years he was on the
School Committee, used to scramble a parcel of lollipops
on each side of the school on every visit, and stay after the
business of Committee was over, to play games and to give an
hour's recitation to the children after their supper.
Testimonies to the value of the services of teachers and
officers were often gratefully given by the Committee. Two
such occur in 1877. * ^^^ Hazeldine, who had served as
laundress for ten years, now leaves on account of old age.
102 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
A gift of three guineas is awarded to her for her faithful
service." It may be added that she was very much Hked
by the children for her kind and motherly ways, and she had
a steadying influence over the younger servants. Also
Florence Helen Davis, who was a scholar 1868-9, in appre-
ciation of the manner in which she had served the school
throughout her apprenticeship, received a New Year's gift
of £5.
Early in 1878, the Committee accepted the proposed visit
of an examiner from the Cambridge Syndicate, in accordance
with the resolution of the School Conference of the Yearly
Meeting : — ** That it was desirable that all Schools in England,
in connection with the Society of Friends, should be examined
during the year." A report of this examination was printed
and circulated in the Quarterly Meeting.
TRAINEES AT THE MOUNT SCHOOL, YORK.
The duty towards apprentices in providing more educational
training for them than the ordinary course in vogue, increas-
ingly occupied the attention of the Committee, and having
procured from the Girls' School at The Mount, York, their
terms for trainees, they agreed to send the eldest apprentice,
Mary Mills, to that school for one year. The fee of £15, with
washing and pocket money was guaranteed by Penketh
School. The result of this first step proved so highly bene-
ficial, that the next girls' apprentice, Alice Dilworth, and
those following, were sent to The Mount School on the
same terms. The apprentices on the boys' side were sent to
the Flounders Institute, Ackworth ; James Kershaw being
the first.
friends' schools industrial exhibitions.
A movement entitled '' Friends' Schools Industrial Exhi-
bitions " was inaugurated in 1878, and energetically carried
out by Frederick William Follows, a scholar both at Penketh
and Ackworth. The object aimed at was to encourage the
JAMES TURNER S SUPERINTENDENCY. IO3
useful employment of leisure hours, and to offer inducements
to industry in subjects not included in the school curriculum.
The intention was to hold annual Industrial Exhibitions of
the work of Friends' Public Schools, which should include
drawing, hand- writing, and joiner's work, for which prizes
would be awarded. These exhibitions were held in five con-
secutive years from 1878, twice at Ackworth and once each at
Sidcot, Penketh and Rawdon. The Penketh Committee
approved of the movement, and granted two guineas in aid
of the first exhibition to be held at Ackworth, in 6th mo., 1878.
This was open to boys only, and Ackworth, Sidcot, A5^on, and
Penketh Schools entered into competition.
The excellence of this exhibition, so far as its stimulating
influence on the scholars of Penketh was concerned, is shown in
the report presented to the Penketh General Meeting on the
following Good Friday, relative to the display of school work
on that day.
'* In the drawing of the boys, we do not remember in former
years to have had so much good work, in so great a variety of
subjects, maps, model drawing, illumination, ornamental and
plain printing, and hand-writing ; subjects that were barely
noticed in former years are now represented by specimens
of decided excellence. One new feature is, that many of the
examples, all of which have been done since the last General
Meeting, were on view at the exhibition of boys* work from
Friends' Schools, held at Ackworth, in 7th mo., 1878. These
specimens obtained thirteen prizes in open competition, which
we mention as a mark of general merit, and as an encourage-
ment to teachers and scholars. With the exception of a
third prize to Charles E. Fessant, Frederic Walter Roberts
and Charles Frederick Jesper gained all the prizes for Penketh.
The girls' drawing, so little attended to aforetime, is now up
to the standard in freehand."
Referring to this exhibition, the *' Natural History Journal "
of June, 1878, says of Penketh, '* Frederic W. Roberts excelled
104 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
in ornamental penmanship, plain and business hand-writing,
figures and label-printing. Penketh stood high in freehand
drawing."
The improvement in drawing on the girls' side was very
much owing to the oversight and interest given by Jane Guy
Braithwaite, the governess, and to her endeavours to encour-
age an industrious spirit among the girls in leisure time
pursuits. Sewing in particular became a speciality that
always carried away the Bronze Medal, and the chief prizes
at the Industrial Exhibition.
Matthew King Clark, the first-class master for six years, whilst
noted for his diligence in school lessons, was very instrumental
in raising the standard of leisure time work, by the com-
pelling influence he exercised in getting boys to draw and
print on holiday afternoons, which many of his pupils have
gratefully remembered.
The taste for art was also encouraged by a member of the
Committee, not only by collecting money for annual prizes,
but in drawing specimens of maps, illumination and hand-
writing for the purpose of being copied by the boys and girls.
Many of the examples of these and the copies from them
hung for years in the schoolrooms.
In 1879, the second exhibition — open to both boys and girls
— was held at Ackworth School, at the time of the great
Centenary Celebration, when the productions of the schools
were on view for three days to the 1,600 people who attended
the gathering. The success of Penketh School was much
greater than in the former year, to the extent of thirty prizes
and six certificates of merit. More prizes still were gained
at the 1880 exhibition at Sidcot School, viz., fifty-six prizes
and thirteen certificates. But it was at the Penketh exhi-
bition in 1881, held at Warrington, with the Mayor of the
Borough and its Member of Parliament as patrons, that
Penketh School excelled itself by obtaining a total of /15 8s.
in prizes.
JAMES TURNER S SUPERINTENDENCY. IO5
In needlework, the girls gained £7 i8s. out of the total of
£11 i6s. 6d., won by the seven schools. In each of the four
years the Bronze Medal for Needlework was awarded to
Penketh ; in 1879, to Elizabeth Bragg ; 1880, to Alice Maria
Burton ; 1881, to Beatrice Hearn, and 1882, to Frances
Morrell Williams, an extra complimentary medal was also
given to Margaret Cragg. Penketh gained the highest amount
of prizes in drawing, maps and penmanship. Out of the grand
total of seventy-six prizes, Penketh secured fifty-seven ; and
nineteen out of the fifty-nine certificates.
Yet in the large display of workshop products, Penketh
showed feeble power, only three second prizes to Thomas
Carline, Thomas Wright, and William Yelland, for a Pembroke
table, step ladder, and clothes-horse respectively, and the only
prize, though it was but a third, for the best kite. Surely this
latter might be called a minor triumph, when the ancient glories
of the Ackworth kites are brought to remembrance, in the
days when Ralph Dixon flew his never-to-be-forgotten
** Condor of the Andes.*'
In the Natural History section of the exhibition, not one of
the thirty-six prizes offered fell to any Penketh girl or boy.
In the four subjects for essays, Madeline Ethel Haworth,
saved Penketh School from a total blank, by a second prize
for her " Recollections of a Country Ramble *' ; and the flat
blighted district of Penketh raised no inspiration to compete
for '* the best poem."
At the close of 1878, the Corporation of Warrington granted
the use of their infectious diseases hospital to Penketh School,
on payment of an annual maintenance charge of one guinea,
and a further sum of one guinea for each patient sent to the
hospital, and the usual charges for disinfecting ; this met
with the approval of the Committee, and a year's sub-
scription was at once paid. Yet such was the healthy state
of the school that the use of this hospital was not required
for many years.
I06 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
The year 1879 ^^^ ushered in by the receipt of two legacies ;
one of £50 from John Thwaite of Rochdale, " to carry on the
benevolent designs of the charitable institution," and the other
of £100 from Mary Martindale, of Wilmslow.
In the early part of the same year, Florence Helen Davis,
who had been a scholar, apprentice and mistress, resigned her
post. The Committee " accepted with regret the loss of so
valuable a teacher and disciplinarian, and expressed a hope
that her future services would be as highly appreciated by
others as they had been by the friends of Penketh School."
Florence H. Davis had a most successful career as first-class
mistress at Ackworth School, and married Joseph Neale, B.A.,
a master in that School.
DECORATION OF SCHOOLROOMS WITH PICTURES.
The beginning of an entirely new movement for decorating
the bare walls of schoolrooms, and one which eventually
became an object for the surplus funds of Old Scholars' Asso-
ciations, occurs in two minutes of 1878-9, when the Penketh
Committee were pleased.to accept thirteen large water-colour
drawings of her own painting, which Mary Hodgson, of Man-
chester, had offered to the school. The subjects were-
" Hardrow Scar," " Thornton Force and Weathercote Cave
Waterfalls," "The Strid," " Newton-in-Bowland School,"
" Calf Cop Meeting House," " Ingleborough," " The Swale
at Richmond," and others, all of Yorkshire scenery.
A charming touch of foreign element was introduced into
the school in 1880 by the Committee complying with the
Superintendent's request to have a Swiss girl — Enrnia
Roeder — from Geneva, to be a companion to his daughters^
and to join the school classes. Not only were French and
English mutually interchanged, but the whole school benefited
by having among them a living example of ease, sweetness and
grace.
JAMES turner's SUPERINTENDENCY. IO7
At the close of 1880, an advance was made in recognising the
equahty of men and women, by the Men's Conmiittee asking the
Women's Committee to unite with them in their deUberations.
THE FIRST MIXED TEACHING.
The inquiry into the subject of teaching boys and girls
in the same class, for which a committee was appointed so
far back as 1862, with apparently no result, seemed to be
entirely forgotten. But in April, 1881, the idea came into
James Turner's mind that he could, with mixed teaching, so
arrange the staff, that the children would come more or less
under senior teachers each day, and that they would further
come under masters or mistresses who were specialists in some
particular subject. Besides, the association of boys and girls
would have a stimulating effect on both. These views were
placed before the Committee for its consideration, and they
thought it advantageous to introduce the system.
The programme of arrangements brought before the Com-
mittee on the 5th of 6th mo., 1881,- was approved and
adopted; and it thus became an object lesson which several
Friends' Schools have followed with satisfactory results.
The popularity of the school during this administration,
is shown by the wonderful increase in the number of scholars
year by year. Commencing with fifty-seven in 1870, it rose to
seventy-three in 1873, to eighty-eight to 1878, to ninety-two
in 1881, till the Committee became alarmed as to where all
could be housed. This led to the passing of a minute — '' that
the school should be considered full when there were ninety
children." Nevertheless, on the 3rd of 2nd mo., 1882, the
climax was reached when there were fifty-four boys and forty
girls, a total of ninety-four, which stands unrivalled in the
annals of the school.
There was no difficulty, at such a time of prosperity, in rais-
ing the highest payment of those unconnected with the Society
of Friends to £28 for all future applicants.
I08 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
Athletic sports began to take an organised form under the
head of contests. The first recorded* was that inaugurated
on 1st April, 1881, by Christopher Bradshaw, Henry H.
Beakbane and Joseph S. Hodgson, members of the School
Committee, who awarded prizes to the first three boys in
each of the six events.
The first prizes were won by
William Alletson
Sam Williams
Thomas Turner
J. Herbert Jesper
Thomas Turner
John Routledge
Senior 100 yards.
Junior 100 yards.
High jump.
Stand long jump.
Running long jump.
Hop, skip, and jump.
This first contest was very creditable, and was witnessed by
members of the Committee, teachers and scholars.
The girls had also a skipping contest on the floor of their
playroom, which was entirely confined to " doubling."
The winners were Julia Mabel Barrow, Florence Williams,
Mary Eccleston and Edith Mary Kilner.
In August, 1881, swimming races were first put on record f
though one member of the Committee, who was a swimmer,
inaugurated swimming contests so early as 1874, and carried
them on annually, and awarded prizes. In the first one
noticed, William F. Yelland won the first prize in all the three
events of fast swimming, diving, and ornamental varieties.
Between this and the girls' contest, the master of ceremonies
gave one of his usual performances, showing many styles of
swimming. The first prizes for the girls were shared by
Julia Mabel Barrow and Annie Isabel Turner, for the three
events of one length breast stroke, back stroke, and plunge.
In the second annual sports, May, 1882, Richard Routledge,
of Penketh, won the first prize in senior 100 yards, long jump,
throw and kick ; Wm. J. Wilcockson, first for high jump ; and
John Edgar Smith, first for junior 100 yards. J
• "Natural History Journal," May 15th, 1881.
t " Natural History Journal," October 15th, 1881.
X "Natural History Journal," 15th June, 1882.
JAMES turner's SUPERINTENDENXY. IO9
An extract from a notice in the " British Friend *' of 5th
mo. 1st, 1882, is of sufficient value to be inserted here. " The
General Meeting on Good Friday was fine and sunny through-
out, 300 visitors were present, 100 of whom were old Penketh
scholars. The new plan of teaching boys and girls together,
which has been in operation since 5th mo. last, was considered
•quite successful, and bore evidence of good result.**
The report showed the value of the buildings and twenty
acres of land to be £6,949. The average cost per child had
beeai £23 8s. 9d. An outlay of £389 on improvements had left
a balance in hand of £1 8s. 2d. Fifty boys and forty-three
girls were in the school, twenty-six of them unconnected with
Friends. The total number admitted since 1834 was 1,003.
The examination was in four mixed classes, and all the school
together in Scripture. High commendation was bestowed on
the able and devoted efforts of the Superintendent and teachers
in helping forward the work of leisure hours for the Friends
School Industrial Exhibitions, in which Penketh School stood
so creditably.*'
In the same journal in 1883* are remarks with regard to the
increasing number in the school of those who had no claim
on the original foundation — thirty-one of the ninety-three being
unconnected with Friends. It says : " The introduction of
this class, whilst materially aiding the funds of the school, has
been found by the Superintendent and teachers an advantage in
other respects, as the pajonent of a school fee in excess of the
average cost, secures the admission of children who have had
the benefit of somewhat superior previous moral and intel-
lectual training.**
The first notice in the " Natural History Journal ** of a
iootball match at Penketh, was that which took place at the
general meeting of 1883. It was between the school and the
visitors. Frederick Wareing, one of the boys, captained the
school team, and John Altham Thistle thwaite, of Bradford,
• British Friend, 4th mo. 2, 1883.
no HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
the visitors. The latter were very strong, for they played
thirteen and the game was fast. However, William
Thistlethwaite, one of the masters, kicked the first goal, and
the visitors retaliated with one also.
This Association game was followed by a " Rugby " in
which Wm. Thistlethwaite secured four tries, and he and
Charles Crosland scored the two goals for the school against
nil.
THE YEARLY EXCURSIONS.
The summer excursion was an annual open air festivity
throughout this superintendency . The earlier ones were by rail
to BoUington, and thence to Dunham Park, or to Halewood
station for Hale, or to Weston Point and Halton Castle;
but the favourite of all was to the old sea-coast cliffs of Overton
Hills, above Frodsham. To these the boys and girls rode in
carts hired from the haymaking farmers. The small boys
were sent off an hour before the rest, in a cart drawn by
'* Bob," who, having been over-ridden in his young days,
had become broken-winded, and was therefore allowed to have
periodical rests to recover himself. About nine o'clock the
rank and file jaunted along — girls first — through the narrow
old coaching streets of Warrington, over the bridge, and along
the Roman Causeway of Wilderspool through Daresby, the
high road to Chester, till the cavalcade pulled up at the
"Bear's Paw*' in Frodsham, where the ascent of the hills
began. The donkey boys were wary enough to reduce the
length of their penny rides as the prospect of demand increased.
Lunch was taken on the hill side, in the shape of meat pies
and large fruit pasties, and a boy was seen in charge of a big
stone bottle of milk for the benefit of all. These excursions
were singularly favoured by fine weather, which added
to the dehght of the moorland hills. Tea was spread out
in the orchard at the " Bear's Paw," and the children jogged
back again singing songs as gaily as on the first setting out.
X
H
O
o
X
H
W
JAMES turner's SUPERINTENDENCY. Ill
The general health of the school from the first had beea
remarkably good, and had ever been a cause for thankfulness.
However, during the last three months of 1882 a serious out^
break of scarlet fever occurred. Two tents were borrowed
from the infectious diseases hospital at Warrington, and
erected in the field on the way to the swimming bath. These
tents were of double canvas, and the windows, being of the
same material, could be easily closed during passing storms.
In the evenings they were lighted with gas. At night the
porch doorway was laced up on the outside, and the inmates
were left snugly housed. As the boys affected were so few^
they were isolated at the top of the house, leaving the tents for
the use of the girls, one to live in and the other to play in.
If, perchance, a visitor wished to speak to one of the girls,,
he had to stand at a safe distance from the doorway, and call
lustily to her, while she, unseen, replied in fainter tones from
within. Sympathising friends from a distance deposited parcels
of fruit and toffy at the entrance, which Rebecca, the nurse
duly took inside.
These dwellers in tents enjoyed their cosy life very much
when convalescent. Paper-backed books were given them,
which were afterwards burned. One girl read aloud, while the
others were employed in crocheting antimaccassars in what
they were pleased to call " The Fever Pattern." In the day-
time they played their own gentle games, and the evenings
were whiled away with snatches of song.
By the 12th of ist mo., 1883, the usual routine of the
school was in full operation. Four of the patients who had
been sent home for change of air, had returned, but one
stayed away altogether.
The first record of an essay meeting in '* The Natural
History Journal *' on March 9th, 1883, bore some lingering
traces of the visitation of fever, in Lillie Wood's racy notice
of the period in her essay entitled '* Tent Life.''
A donation of £2 was handed to each of the women
112 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
servants, for their extra duty so cheerfully given, and the
thanks of the Committee were sent to the Warrington Cor-
poration, for the valuable loan of the hospital tents. The
cost of this fever visitation to the school was over £ioo,
which the Committee were able to pay out of the year's
surplus income.
There being no sufficient accommodation if another such
outbreak should occur, it was deemed expedient to erect a
sanatorium detached from the school. Such a building was
erected at a cost of about ;f 500, near the north-west corner of the
field adjoining Stocks Lane, and facing the high road. The
plaster tablet on the front of the house bore the simple legend
'* Penketh School Nurseries," which, by the passing country-
man, was oft-times supposed to mean '' Penketh School
Nursery Gardens.*'
The first matron, in the modern acceptation of the term
was Susan Baillie, who was engaged 9th mo., 1883, and the
office became from that time a permanent one.
Joseph Goulden, who was first hired as farm servant in
1853, and who filled the positions of farmer, houseman, and
gardener for thirty years, at length fell ill, and his sickness
was unto death. The Committee expressed their sjonpathy
for him by paying his wages in full during his illness, in con-
sideration of his long and faithful service. He died on the
24th of 8th mo., 1883. He will be remembered by those who
knew him, as a pattern of humility and industry.
PENKETH SCHOOL JUBILEE, 1884.
The Jubilee of Penketh School was drawing near, and
great enthusiasm was aroused among old scholars anxious to
celebrate it with becoming honour.
The General Meeting of 1882 gave the Jubilee celebration
its official sanction. The report of the day's proceedings
JAMES turner's SUPERINTENDENCY. II3
said : " It is intended to celebrate the Jubilee of the school
in 1884 : — Christopher Bradshaw, Frederick W. Follows,
Robert Bragg, George Sykes, John Harrison, Joseph Wm.
Glaister, Joseph Spence Hodgson, and Sarah R. Albright
are appointed a committee, with power to add to their number ;
with Charles John Holmes as president and James Turner,
secretary. These are to take such steps as may be thought
necessary and to report to our next meeting/'
This Committee added the names of Samuel Whalley Davies,
Joseph Fisher O'Brien, Jonathan Walker, and Benjamin B.
Wilson, and appointed Joseph Nodal their Treasurer. Twelve
of this Committee were old Penketh scholars. Their first effort
was to issue broadcast the following circular :
PENKETH SCHOOL JUBILEE.
To be held on Whit-Monday, the 2nd of June, 1884.
After enumerating the names of the Committee, it proceeds :
** This Committee has decided that a history of the school
be written by James Turner, the Superintendent, to which is
to be appended a list of scholars, an account of the Jubilee
celebration, and the names of the old scholars present on the
occasion ; the book to be illustrated if possible with views
of the school.
*' To extend the usefulness of this establishment is a matter
of great importance. The school, which forms a temporary
home for ninety girls and boys, is felt to be more than ever
needed on account of its great breadth of teaching, its social
and family influence, and guarded religious training. We
therefore think this a fitting occasion for old scholars and
friends to testify their appreciation of the school, by helping
to increase the comfort and convenience of the Institution.
" On the site of the present boys' schoolroom of .one storey,
which has been found inadequate and inconvenient, it is
proposed to erect a two-storey building, to contain a lecture-
room and schoolrooms, classroom and lavatory. The new
114 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
wing is to be considered a memorial of the Jubilee. The sum
required is £750. The school committee cordially support
and approve of the scheme.
*' Pupils now in the school will contribute articles of needle-
work, drawings, and workshop products done in leisure time,
from the sale of which they expect ^^50 will be realised.*'
The jubilee celebration was held on Whit-Monday, the
2nd of 6th mo., 1884, and passed off with great enthusiasm.
The attendance was estimated at 400, of whom 105 were
Penketh Old Scholars, forming the largest recorded gathering
in the history of the school. The proceedings commenced
with a Meeting for Worship at ten o'clock ; this was followed
at a quarter to eleven by the great Jubilee Meeting, over
which William Edward Turner, of Liverpool, presided, though
he could not claim to be a Penketh scholar. Charles John
Holmes, James Turner, Joseph Nodal, Frederick W. Follows,
Joseph S. Hodgson, and Joseph Fisher O'Brien took part in
the proceedings. Dinner and tea took their turn in a tent
in the field, while two refreshment stalls flourished through-
out the day.
Joseph S. Hodgson gave a swimming performance in the
plunge bath in the afternoon, at a charge which enriched the
funds of the Boys' Cricket Club. Benjamin B. Wilson, an
old scholar, took a photograph of this performer seated on the
brick pillar in the centre of the bath with a background of
spectators. It was the first of a long series of bath pictures
preserved in the Penketh Photographic Record. Athletic
sports went on during the afternoon. A curiosity shop in
one of the boys' classrooms, with its enigmatical object pictures,
induced many a one to part with threepence at the entrance.
The bazaar for the sale of work of all kinds, fanciful and
useful, that the children had laboured at so enthusiastically
during the past year, was crowned with success, and fully
realised the expectation of clearing £^0. This, with the hand-
some gifts from the headmaster and teachers of £35 los., and
JAMES TURNER S SUPERINTENDENCY. II5
special articles from old scholars and friends, made the total
up to £lOQ, as the school's generous contribution.
At seven o'clock, the evening entertainment came on,
unique in its way, for the scenes were enacted with some little
show of costume, which at that day was an innovation, that
did not meet with unqualified approval.
The principal item was the trial scene from " The Merchant
of Venice,*' the characters being taken entirely by school-girls :
Edith Turner as the Duke ; Gertrude Thistlethwaite, Shylock ;
Mary Williartis, Portia ; Amy Nodal, Antonio ; Emma Hill,
Bassanio ; and Florence Williams as Gratiano. Memory
still brings back the acclamation in the Bard's own words :
'* It was excellently well done."
Six boys came forward, to counterbalance the brilliant
efforts of the girls, by a capital exposition of '* Uncle Grumpus,"
personated by Vivian and Walter Hilton, Frederick Oddie,
Arthur Wareing, Thomas H. Coning, and Arthur . Davies ;
who gave evidence of the careful training by the first-class
master, Arthur Wood Foulkes. Contributions in song were
given by Madeline Ethel Haworth, Edith Mary Kilner, and
Gertrude Thistlethwaite, besides which Annie Isabel, Edith
and Samuel Evens Turner, Edith Mary Kilner, and Harry
Mercer added to the delights of the evening by solos and
duets on the pianoforte, and Arthur Wood Foulkes recited
the story " In the Signal Box."
Circulars asking for donations towards erecting the Memorial
Jubilee Building brought promises of ^^572. Cheshire Monthly
Meeting presented £50. The plans of Joseph Nodal, architect
of Manchester, a Penketh scholar, for the construction of the
building, bore an estimate of £750. However much the
Jubilee Committee desired to raise such a sum, all their efforts
failed to realise it. With great regret, they asked the School
Committeee to accept the ,^567 12s. 8d. which they had been
able to gather, with the expression of their sincere hope that
the Committee would carry the work to completion.
10
Il6 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
The following statement of the Jubilee Memorial is taken
from the fiftieth Report of the school, for 1885 : —
£ s. d.
Foundations for schoolroom done by the School Com-
mittee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 o o
Completed buildings consisting of three class rooms :
Master's Room, Lecture Hall and Museum . . 850 o o
934 o o
Towards which the Jubilee Committee contributed . . 567 o o
Leaving a deficiency of . . . . . . . . £z^7 o ^
The School Committee gave the Jubilee Committee the credit
of using their best endeavours, wherefore to discharge the bill
they at once borrowed the money, thus liberating the Jubilee
Committee from their responsibility.
The original plans of Joseph Nodal showed a fine elevation,
relieved by a noble projecting centre gable. This, however,
was most unfortunately rejected by the School Committee
as being far too grand, and out of keeping with the old frontage
of the centre building. The architect was commissioned to
modify his design, with the result that a plain factory-like
structure was put up, which looked, unsightly from the passing
trains on the railway. Happily, as years have gone by, this
bare surface of brick has been overgrown with ivy.
The first hopes of the Jubilee Committee to possess a history
of the school were doomed to early disappointment ; so many
cross winds and currents set in during the next year that
all these good intentions were swept away.
The Jubilee was also considered a most appropriate time
to inaugurate an Old Scholars' Association for Penketh.
Frederick WiUiam Follows, of Manchester, scholar 1847-8,
called a meeting at the school for the purpose, by circular, at
which he was successful in enlisting fifty-nine members.
But at the following General Meeting the interest had so far
died away that the movement was abandoned.
JAMES TURNER S SUPERINTENDENCY. II7
Charles John Holmes tendered his resignation as secretary
of the school in 6th mo., 1884.
The Committee, in accepting it, expressed their regret at
losing his valuable services, which had extended over the
previous twenty-five years. He still retained the office of
Treasurer, for he was loth to entirely sever his connection
with the school he loved so well.
Charles Barnard, of Liscard, Cheshire, formerly Superin-
tendent of Rawdon School, was appointed Secretary in his
place.
Ere the year 1884 had closed, the subject of teaching music
in the school, which had lain dormant since 1877, again
became the theme of considerable discussion, but once more
the Committee did not see their way to sanction its intro-
duction.
This period of sixteen and a half years was the most
prosperous in the school's history, as may be inferred from
the increased value of the estate.
The value of the Estate in 1885 was . . . . . . . . £7,22$
in 1869 3.974
Increase .. .. .. .. £^,2$!
An estimated sum of £3,575 had been paid out for repairs
and improvements. Every year the balance of the school
current account of income and expenditure was in favour of
the School, the aggregate of such balances being £1,066.
The Quarterly Meeting's Subscriptions amounted to . . £2,298
A Special Subscription .. .. .. .. .. 172
The Donations to current account amounted to. . . . 3,180
The special donations amounted to . . . * . . 774
(which included £560 from the Jubilee Committee)
From the Ditton and Frandley Estates . . . . . . 60
£6.484
At the end of 1884 there were 53 boys and 24 girls in the School.
In the School 31st 1 2mo., 1885. 42 ,, ,, 24 ,,
Il8 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
This longest term of Superintendency at length drew to its
close. James and Hannah Turner sent in their letter
of resignation on the 20th, 4th mo. (April), 1885, and finally
handed over the school on the 5th January, 1886.
James Turner on leaving Penketh took a farm at Hafod
Wen, Minerva, near Wrexham, and was placed in the position
of a Guardian of the Poor. On the institution of the County
Councils in 1889, he was one of the sixteen aldermen selected for
the County of Denbighshire, and became a member of the Stand'
ing Joint Committee of twelve, together with twelve county
magistrates, who had the control of the police management.
On the lease of the farm expiring in 1891, the claims of his
family induced him to reside in Manchester.
James Turner's wife, Hannah Turner, died on the ist of nth
mo., 1906, in her seventy-sixth year, and was buried in the
secluded rural graveyard at Penketh, where she lies by the side
of her father and mother, Samuel and Anne Evens, her sister,
Anne Drewry Evens, and her eldest son. She had been con-
nected with the school for thirty- eight years ; as a teacher
during her father's two administrations, and as Mistress of the
Family during her husband's Superintendency. Hannah Evens
Turner was possessed of many accomplishments ; an excellent
teacher in her father's time, and well versed in French and
German ; an expert in drawing, painting, and fancy work : a
lover of botany, and her hand- writing was admirable.
She was retiring in disposition, though ever ready, in her
responsible position as Mistress of the Family, to spend herself
lor the benefit of those under her charge.
JOSEPH THOMAS GUiMERSALL.
PENKETH UNDER
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL,
1886-1892.
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL, of Lisburn School, as
Superintendent, and his wife, Louisa Gumersall, nee
Linney, as Mistress of the Family, took up their respective
duties on the 8th of ist mo., 1886.
J. T. Gumersall was born in 1858. He went as a scholar
to Ayton Friends' School in 1867, and continued there as an
apprentice and master. He entered the Flounders Institute
at Ackworth in 1874, and from thence he matriculated at the
London University.
In 1880 he was an assistant master in John Sharp's School
at Stoke Newington, and two years later became senior
master in the Ulster Provincial School at Lisburn, Ireland.
He married Louisa Linney, of Pontefract, in 1883.
The number of boys and girls collectively that returned after
the Christmas vacation of 1885-6, to welcome the new Heads
of the School, amounted only to twenty-nine ; but in four
months it had increased to thirty-three boys and twenty girls,
and before the close of the year, there were thirty-seven boys
and twenty-two girls, of whom twelve were members of the
Society of Friends, twenty-four in connection, and twenty-
three of no connection whatever.
The members of the staff were John Ker Simpson, master ;
Arthur Ascroft Hilton, apprentice ; Jane Guy Braithwaite,
120 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
governess ; Elizabeth Bragg, Madeline Ethel Haworth (a trainee
at the Mount, York), and Edith Mary Kilner, apprentices.
Before the end of the first year, the old ** knife box '* beds,
in the big bedroom, in which the boys slept so cosily, were dis-
carded, without one being kept for a memorial, as are two of the
straw mattressed Tudor beds at Winchester School. " One
of an older generation," writing his reminiscences in the
Penketh Past and Present of 1893 says, with quiet humour,
'* Where are the old ' knife box ' bedsteads, the ancient
bottoms of which the urchins of former days would remove,
all save one single supporting cross-piece, frailly tied by threads
which broke when the occupant, late and tired, threw himself
into the bed, and vanished headlong floorwards, amid great
chaos of bedclothes, and splutters of laughter, which did not
come from him ? "
Through the instrumentality of Christopher Bradshaw, an old
scholar, twelve desks, with forms, were placed in the new lec-
ture hall. Iron bedsteads were provided for the boys' side
by Friends in Manchester, and later on Samuel J. Redfem
took the responsibility of providing fifteen beds for the girls'
side.
Arthur A. Hilton, the boys' apprentice, was sent for one year,
1886-7, to the Flounders Institute, Ackworth ; the Committee
paying the fee of seven guineas then required.
ARRANGEMENTS FOR GOOD FRIDAY.
The proposals of Hardshaw East and West Monthly Meetings
for the management of the school were adopted. The business
part of the General Meeting was to be conducted on Good
Friday as before, but no examination was to be held excepting
in Scripture ; the remainder was to be transferred to the
month of June, when a report was to be sent to the said
Monthly Meetings. The Committee of Management was to
consist of twelve men and six women as hitherto, from which
two and one respectively were to retire by rotation each year.
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL's SUPERINTENDENCY. 121
Later on, a rule was made that children were not to be ab-
sent for a night, from the school, between the holidays.
In 1887 and the following year, a good cinder road was made
through the field close to the back of the boys* shed, at the top
of which a footpath led to the plunge bath ; the new way
continued past the outhouses at the back of the school,
and turning at the cottages, joined the high road, near the
sanatorium.
This was almost in the same track as the ancient road,
which was diverted in 1869, to a straight course leading
from the railway bridge in Stocks Lane, to the high road.
Hedges were replanted and dead timber felled.
The sanatorium was re-arranged and furnished, and a per-
manent tenant put in charge. The garden paths were relaid
and borderings put round to keep the soil in place ; the shrubs
in front of the school were set back, the broadened walk was
re-gravelled, and shrubs were planted in the corner bed by the
girls' playground. New hot water pipes were laid in the house,
and the lecture hall and museum heated effectively.
In the spring of 1887, the school farm of 17J acres was let
to WiUiam Taylor, of Brow Farm, Great Sankey, for £50
per annum ; this the Committee considered would be an
advantage to the finances, and a relief to the headmaster.
One acre and a half, near the school premises, was reserved
for a cricket field.
Early in the same year, the attendance of the Penketh chil-
dren at the Quarterly Meeting was brought before the notice
of that meeting by a letter from the Headmaster of Penketh
School, from which the following is extracted : " We have had
a request from some quarters for the school children to attend
the Quarterly Meeting when held in Manchester and Liverpool,
but we do not think it worth while to bring them to the Meeting
for Worship only. We wish to know if the Quarterly Meeting
would sanction their attending the joint conference even
though some might not be members of our Society. Some of
122 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
US feel that if Penketh School is to become a means of bringing
young people within our borders, those at school must see
something more of the life of our Society than they get at the
school itself/'
The Quarterly Meeting cordially acceded to the request,
and the liberty was extended to the teachers who were not
members.
The school was about to lose its oldest teacher ; one who had
faithfully watched over the girls* side for fifteen years. In
March, 1887, ^^e Women's Committee entered the following
minute on the retirement of Jane Guy Braithwaite as gover-
ness, accompanied with a present of ten pounds. '* In parting
with our friend, the Committee wish to express their appre-
ciation of the faithful and conscientious services extending over
many years, and they believe she will be remembered with
love and esteem by those who have been under her care.
The Committee will retain a Christian interest in J. G. Braith-
waite's future welfare, and a pleasant remembrance of her
cordiality and friendliness during her residence in Penketh."
After J. G. Braithwaite had lived some years in London, she
retired to the early Quaker Colony of Airton, situate in the
mountain limestone district of Craven, in Yorkshire, on the
way from Skipton to the scars of Malham and Gordale.
General Meetings had been held from time immemorial on
Good Friday, for it was a day of leisure, and the variable
weather at that season of the year did not tempt people to
go far afield. Penketh was therefore a most convenient and
happy place to spend the day, even when there was only the
one railway at Fiddler's Ferry Station, with its extreme
scarcity of Sunday trains. For several years it was customary
for Manchester Friends to ride down in an omnibus along the
great highway. This was given up when the Cheshire Lines
Committee opened a station at Sankey, in 1873.
The Penketh School Staff found by experience that when the
children had been '* grinding hard " for an examination held so
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL^S SUPERINTENDENCY. 123
-early as Good Friday, their energies relaxed for the remainder
of the term till the June vacation. To obviate this, it was
decided in 1888 to transfer the General Meeting and Examina-
tion to Whit-Monday. Old Scholars were assured they would
iind an equal welcome on this newly-appointed day, and the
weather would be more genial. The result was disappointing
as regards the attendance of old scholars, who were not
nearly so much at liberty as on Good Friday. Few besides
the Committee of the School and elderly Friends of some
leisure were present, and the examination was dispiriting to the
scholars, after so much time had been spent in preparing for it.
THE INTRODUCTION OF MUSIC TEACHING.
The demand for the teaching of music was becoming too
urgent to be any longer shelved. Girls intending to go out
as governesses were mostly required to be able to teach music,
and it became increasingly difficult to obtain a situation with-
out that qualification. This question was first mooted at
Penketh in 1877, when the voice was against the teaching,
either on or off the premises. Again it came up in 1886, the
first year of this Superintendency, and was again deferred ;
eight months later an attempt to bring the matter before the
General Meeting failed in its purpose. One girl had actually
been admitted in June 1887 ^^ £28, conditionally on being
allowed to learn music — and leave was granted in this case on
pa3mient of cost. Other Friends' Schools had had the subject
tinder consideration, and Saffron Walden School had been the
pioneer in introducing it in 1880.*
However, on the 12th August, 1887, at the instigation of
many parents, the Committee of Penketh School agreed to the
introduction of music teaching, and advanced £2^ for the
purchase of a piano, which sum was to be repaid by fees charged
for the teaching. Two more instruments were soon added.
* In October, 1880, the girls' teachers at Ackworth were allowed to practise music at
their own expense and in their own time. In 1883, the girls were permitted to learn music —
the whole expenses and income to be kept separate from fiie school accounts and a fee charged
to each student to cover the lull cost.
124 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
A music teacher, Alfred R. Sutton, son of the then Mayor
of Warrington, was engaged at the rate of four guineas per
annum for each pupil. The old teachers' room, on the girls'
side, was fitted up as a music room as well as a sitting room for
the older girls.
Music was taught at first to girls only. They were pre-
pared for the Trinity College Examinations held in Liverpool ;
but as musical talent was slow in developing, and as no one
passed the test of the examination, the music master resigned
his charge in 1890. The Rev. Edward Moore, a Baptist Min-
ister from Warrington, next received the appointment. He was
more successful as a teacher, though not so brilliant an execu-
tant as his predecessor. In 1890 after seven applications had
been received for boys to learn music, permission was granted,
at a charge of five guineas each, the same as then paid by the
girls. It will create no surprise to hear that the teaching of
the violin was introduced soon afterwards.
Pupils now worked for the Associated Board Examinations.
But the musical ear had been suffered to remain untrained for
generations among Friends, and the young pianists failed in
accomplishing any great success. The music master strove
to stir up some interest, by giving lectures (1892-3) on the great
composers, and solos and quartettes were rendered by profes-
sionals. Visitors from the village, to the number of fifty at
times, came by invitation to these concerts.
The school had been gradually growing in popularity.
The numbers had risen from sixty in 1886 to ninety in 1890,
This latter number was divided into sixty-one boys, and
twenty-nine girls, of whom sixteen were members of the Society
of Friends, twenty-five connected, and forty-nine entirely
unconnected. It was part of the policy of this period to issue
notices in the local press of the examinations and exhibitions^
and thus make the school widely known in the district, with
the hope of inducing those outside the Society's borders to
send their children ; their extra payments helped the funds of
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL S SUPERINTENDENCY. 125
the school, and they received in return the advantage of a
Quaker training which would influence their whole future lives.
The examinations by the Cambridge Syndicate had proved
too expensive for the advantage gained. The Committee
asked Fielden Thorp, B.A., formerly Headmaster of Bootham
Friends' School, York, to examine the Penketh children in
the summer of the years 1888 and 1889. His delightfully clear
BOLD HALL, THREE MILES FROM PENKETH.
style and genial manner made these visits most encouraging and
useful. The school had thus the advantage of a cultured
and experienced mind from outside coming in with broad
views on scholastic matters. The Examiner regarded with
much satisfaction the combined teaching of the girls and boys.
The Fifty-fifth Report of the School, in 1888, stated that the
capital sum of Thomas Richardson's fund was ^^700, and pro-
duced a dividend of £35 per annum. This extra money has been
of great benefit to all the schools that are fortunate in possessing
it, since it provides means for defraying the cost of lectures and
apparatus, or any special requisites that do not come within
126 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
the ordinary working expenses. The Master's Fund, left by-
James Cropper to supplement the headmaster's salary, was
then a ;f 250 investment.
The stream of legacies, which had kept flowing in from the
year 1846, for forty-one years, till it reached an aggregate
of £1,539, on the reception of one of £50 from Elizabeth Sarah
Ford, of Yelland, in 1887, unaccountably dried up for the next
fifteen years.
OLD scholars' associations.
The Old Scholars' Association Movement, having for its
main object the watchful care of those who had been educated
in Friends' Schools, and begun the battle of life, coupled with
a tender regard for those within school bounds, has been
supported by all the recognised public schools in the Society
of Friends.
I Ackworth School made the initial step in this direction when^
during the time of the Yearly Assembly on the 27th of 5th mo.,.
1814, a meeting, held in the back chamber of Gracechurch
Street Meeting House, London, was attended by fifty-four old
Ackworth scholars and Robert Whitaker, the Superintendent
of the School. Here the '* Ackworth School Association " was
formed, for the purpose of appealing to the liberality
and gratitude of everyone who had received an Ackworth
education, to still further extend the usefulness of the
Institution, from which they had derived such essential
advantage. Agents were appointed in each Quarterly
Meeting, for the purpose of uniting Ackworth scholars
throughout the country, by collecting subscriptions for
the benefit of the school, such subscriptions to be received
only from those who had been educated at Ackworth ; and
every annual subscriber was entitled to become a member of
the Association. Five Reports were issued from 1815 to 1819
and the total net amount handed to the Treasurer of Ackworth
School was ^^630.
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL S SUPERINTENDENCY. I27
With great reluctance, this Society was dissolved in 1819,
in compliance with the prevailing sentiment of country collec-
tors that the usual Monthly Meeting collections were the only
ones necessary.
This early endeavour by the father of Old Scholars' Associa-
tions is carried into effect by the present day Association,
by its watchful care of the scholars, when they have "left the
school," whilst having regard to the interests of those in
the school.
John Gumersall Armfield (a Croydon Scholar) felt drawn,,
in the year 1869, to invite some of his schoolfellows to
meet with him under a rehgious concern. After many years
this desire enlarged and gradually developed into an Associa-
tion of Croydon and Saffron Walden Old Scholars, which
published its first annual report in the year 1894, on the twenty-
fifth anniversary of the first assembly.
HISTORY OF THE PENKETH OLD SCHOLARS* ASSOCIATION,
1884-I906.
The Penketh Old Scholars' Association in the year 1889
began to ally itself with the history and working of the School.
It dates its origin from the Jubilee Celebration of the
School on the 2nd of 6th mo., 1884, when Frederick WiUiam
Follows, scholar 1847-8, called the Old Scholars together, and
laid before them the proposition to form an Old Scholars'
Association, in order to promote not only a living interest
in the social and spiritual welfare of every girl and boy, whilst
in the school, but also to keep alive kindly memories of the
school amongst those who had left it behind for the battle of
life. The company then assembled expressed their deter-
mination "to do all in their power to advance the pros-
perity, efficiency, and usefulness of the school, and so far as
practicable, to maintain friendly and helpful relations with
old scholars after leaving school." This was the high aim.
128 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
and endeavour with which the Association was inaugurated.
F. W. Follows was appointed both Treasurer and Secretary,
and he enrolled on that day fifty-nine members, at the
minimum subscription of one shiUing each.
At the General Meeting, on Good Friday in the following year,
1885, after a crowded day of business and examination, the
efforts of the Secretary to secure a gathering of old scholars
were entirely fruitless, though a circular had been sent
round in due order. Again in 1886, not succeeding in awaken-
ing any interest, he spent the £4 9s. gd., which was in hand
from two years' subscriptions, in the purchase of books for
the school Hbrary.
After the association had been lying dormant for four years,
the new Superintendent, Joseph T. Gumersall, urged that it
should be stirred up to some fruitful work. A circular was
sent out broadcast calling old scholars to the General Meeting
on Whit Monday, 1889. Twenty-four responded to the sum-
mons. They passed a resolution asking the General Meeting,
now that the Assembly had been transferred to Whit Monday,
to allow the old General Meeting day. Good Friday, to be
wholly devoted to the interests of the Old Scholars, and that it
should be known as ** The Old Scholars' Day." To this the
General Meeting cordially agreed.
On Good Friday, 1890, sixty-five assembled at the Annual
Old Scholars' Meeting at the School at 3 p.m. Christopher
Bradshaw (scholar 1850-2) was elected the first president ;
Samuel Whalley Davies (scholar 1836-40) Treasurer ; and
Frederick William Follows (scholar 1847-8) the Hon. Secretary.
The minimum subscription was fixed at half-a-crown. All
scholars, on leaving the school, were to be registered as free
members for the first year.
A chronicle of the current school year was read by Frederick
W. Robinson, the master on duty, and the Association was so
far resuscitated that it was able to issue the first Annual Report
of its proceedings.
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL^S SUPERINTENDENCY. I29
The School Committee recorded on minute in 4th mo., 1890:
*' We are glad to hear that the meeting of old scholars and
friends on Good Friday was an entire success, and that the Old
Scholars' Association is reviving. That sixty-five members
were present, and that arrangements were made for a more
efficient supervision of pupils after they have left Penketh
School."
At the annual meeting of 1892, J. S. Hodgson was ap-
pointed organising secretary. A complete list of scholars from
1834 was again advocated, and a manuscript copy of the official
list, written out by F. W. Robinson and J. E. Smith, teachers,
was placed upon the table. However, the printing of this
list was postponed for lack of funds. Edgar G. Theobald,
B.A., wrote and read the third school chronicle.
On Good Friday, 1893, with Albert Pollard, B.A., as head-
master of the school, the members of the Association numbered
192. A re-union of old scholars had been held in the pre-
ceding February at the Friends' Institute, Manchester, when
the President, Christopher Bradshaw, welcomed fifty to tea,
and an enjoyable evening was spent.
At the annual meeting in the following year, the President
stated that a committee of the members had been appointed
at the last meeting, to confer with the headmaster and staff,
as to some requirements of the school, not directly under the
jurisdiction of the managing committee. The proposals the
Association had to offer were in the direction of providing the
school with either a gymnasium, a laboratory, or an extension
of the cricket field.
Eventually the idea that had been in the President's mind
for some time was decided upon ; this was to form a special
Reference Library of standard works, for the use of the staff
and the older scholars. The grants to this library from the
Old Scholars' Association amount to £46 9s. 6d.
A spirit of opposition to the library scheme manifested itself
in the Annual Meeting, with the most regrettable result of
11
130 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
causing the President, Treasurer and Hon. Secretary of that
year to resign their respective posts, leaving only J. S. Hodgson
in office as assistant Secretary. Owing to this unfortunate
attempt to outvote the judgment of the members, by those who
were non-members, and the consequent loss of valuable officers
as well as subscriptions, it was decided to transfer the Associa-
tion's responsibility of the Reference Library to the ex-president,
Christopher Bradshaw, who had been the main organiser and
its most generous contributor. In the end Charles Jackson.
Holmes was appointed the Treasurer, and Joseph Spence
Hodgson the general Secretary. Referring to this Library,
the School Committee placed on minute, 7th mo. (July),.
1896 :—
** The Committee gratefully acknowledge the indebtedness
of the school to Christopher Bradshaw for the interest he has
so long taken in its welfare, a recent evidence of which is
the presentation of a valuable collection of books of reference
and standard hterature."
The continued interest, shown by the Old Scholars* Associa-
tion at their Good Friday gatherings, came under the notice
of the School Committee, who recorded the success of these
gatherings in the fact that ninety old scholars and thirty
visitors had assembled, and thus manifested their earnest
desire for the school's welfare.
At the Annual Meeting of 1895, Albert Pollard, B.A.,
the headmaster of the school, revived the custom of the
golden age, twenty years before, when the General Meeting
attendances numbered one hundred old scholars, and gave the
members of the Old Scholars' Association a free dinner, which
he considered was the school's share of welcome in the day's
proceedings. This custom became perennial. At the same
meeting the new office of Athletic Secretary was created, and
John Edgar Smith was the first appointed to the post. His
duties were to arrange for cricket, football and hockey matches
between old scholars and the school during the year, as
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL's SUPERINTENDENCY. I3I
occasions of social intercourse and a means of keeping the
former in touch with the school.
J. E. Smith got together a cricket team for the next Old
Scholars' Day. The first hockey match was arranged by
Florence A. Wharton in October, 1900 ; this was followed by
a football match on ist December, organised by Isaac Cooke,
Jun., the successor to J. E.Smith. The popularity of these
various matches led to their continuance.
Frederick William Monks, of Warrington, scholar 1869-71,
became president of the Association in 1895-6, and also in the
following year. He was welcomed at his first Annual Meeting
by one hundred and three old scholars, the largest attendance
since the Jubilee of 1884. In his second year, the Old Scholars'
Day was unavoidably transferred from Good Friday to the
day of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee Celebration, June
22nd, 1897. This was on account of the introduction of the
three term system into the school, which resulted in the
children being at home on Good Friday.
The next three years, 1898-99 and 1900, saw William George
Timperley, scholar 1880-3, as President. During his term the
membership of the Association increased from 138 to 270,
and the plain pages of the annual reports began to be brightened
with illustrations.
At the Annual Meeting on the 31st March, 1899, the proposi-
tion of the Secretary of the Association that a Photographic
Record of Penketh School be made, similar to the one he had
compiled for Ackworth School — ^was laid before the meeting.
On the motion of Arnold Little, seconded by William G.
Timperley, that meeting empowered its Secretary to compile
the work as a pictorial history of the school, and added the
balance of its funds to the £10 already subscribed for the purpose.
At the following Annual Meeting, report was made that the
Photographic Record had been compiled, and placed in a
cabinet of its own in the museum, as a gift to the school from
the old scholars.
132 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
The album contained eighty pages, with a title page
illuminated by Frederick William Thompson, who shone as
an able penman when a scholar, 187 1-5.
The photographs comprised reproductions of the portraits
of the Founders of the School, James Cropper and Isaac Cooke ;
of the nine Superintendents, in most cases taken after they had
left the school ; of the collodion positives, on glass, of scholars
in Frederick Richardson's time, 1856, the oldest the school
possesses ; of the classes in James Turner's Superintendency,
about 1880, the poor work of a strolling photographer ; Jubilee
views of the school and scholars in 1884, by Harrison Gartside ;
a large and valuable series, reproduced from photographs
taken by James Woolman, B.A. — the negatives being lost —
when he was first class master from 1887 to 1890 ; swimming
bath scenes by Benjamin B. Wilson, a Penketh scholar, and by
John Tonge, Edgar Pickard and J. E. Thornton — this last
collection forms quite a history of instantaneous photography.
Later ones were taken by Parkinson, a professional of War-
rington, and by James Spencer, of the Northern Photo En-
graving Co., Ltd., of Manchester, who preferred to photo-
graph the views he engraved for the History of Penketh, and
also for the Annual Reports of the Penketh Old Scholars
from 1902 to 1905. The cost of the album and its contents,
together with the cabinet for its reception, was ^f 23 is. 4d.
It has already been said that the first aspiration of the
Jubilee Committee, on its appointment in 1882, was to have
a History of the School, and that this hope was dispelled
soon after the Jubilee. The desire, however, which had lain
dormant for eighteen years, was re-awakened in the mind of
the Secretary of the Association on the occasion of his con-
tributing a concise history of the school to the inter-school
journal, Past and Present, in its issue of June 15th, 1900. He laid
before the Annual Meeting of the Association in the same year,
his proposal, that a History of the School would be opportune
at the close of the century, and he volunteered to undertake
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL'S SUPERINTENDENCY. I33
the work. That meeting decided to obtain permission from
the School Committee to inspect its minute books, and
appointed the officers of the association to bring in an estimate
for the proposed History to the next Annual Meeting. Ac-
cordingly, on the 29th June, 1901, the said meeting received
and accepted the estimate duly laid before it, and made the
following minute : —
"It is proposed by the President, William G. Timperley,
and seconded by Kate Wilmott (Governess), and supported
by Miles Taylor, that the Secretary of the P.O.S.A. be em-
powered to write the History of the School ; that it be then
submitted to the Executive, who shall be authorised to publish
it as soon as possible according to the estimate. Carried."
Subscriptions to the amount of ^^40 were collected to
enable Penketh Old Scholars to buy the book at half price.
Frances Morrell Roberts nee Williams, scholar 1875-7, was
the first lady president, and held office in the years 1901-2 and
1902-3. During her reign the membership of the Association
reached its highest point of 330.
F. M. Roberts re-introduced the social re-unions of old
scholars, after a lapse of nine years, by giving a soiree at the
Friends' Institute, Manchester, in the winter of 1901-2.
Thomas Youde, Jun. (scholar 1888-93), became President
in 1903 and 1904. The Old Scholars' Day was permanently
fixed for the third Saturday in June, the General Meeting falling
on the third Thursday in July.
The Penketh Old Scholars' Association Scholarships were
introduced at the Annual Meeting, June i8th, 1904, by
William G. Timperley, who laid before the meeting on
behalf of the donor (an old Penketh boy), the offer of two
scholarships of £20 each, for the three years, 1905, 1906 and
1907. One was an entrance scholarship to be applied in part
payment of school fees at Penketh School ; the second was
to go in part payment of school fees, enabling a pupil
to remain in the school for one year beyond the age of
134 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
fourteen ; or what is called a Continuation Scholarship.
The former was bound by several restrictions, the principal
of which was that one parent of the candidate must have been
a Penketh scholar ; but the Continuation Scholarship was open
to all pupils, who had been at least one year in the school.
On the proposition of W. G. Timperley, seconded by Florence
A. Wharton, B.A., the Annual Meeting cordially and grate-
fully accepted the gift, and thanked the donor for allowing
the name of the Association to be connected with the scholar-
ships.
The gift was duly notified to the School Committee, who
recorded their sense of the value of this generous offer upon
iheir minutes on the 28th of 6th mo., 1904.
These scholarships were duly advertised, but no candidate
appeared for the Entrance Scholarship. The Continuation
Scholarship was awarded to George Arthur Slater, of Ashton
upon Mersey. The donor, however, allowed the value of the
entrance one to be applied to a second Continuation
Scholarship. This was won by Edith Wood, but as she was
destined to be a pupil teacher in another school the award
could not be accepted. It was therefore handed over to
Alice Preston Escolme, of Yealand Conyers, who had obtained
the next highest number of marks.
Again in the following year, no candidate appeared for the
Entrance Scholarship, so that it also was changed into a
continuation one. Reginald Pollard, of Manchester, won the
first, and Roger Escolme, brother of the above named Alice P.
Escolme, gained the second one. As Reginald Pollard was
not continuing at school, it was passed on to Marion Olive
Leaver, of Liscard.
It is gratifjdng to know that the Donor of these Scholar-
ships — after a three years trial — ^has signified his intention of
continuing them.
It is a cause for satisfaction that an Entrance Scholarship
has been awarded in the second term of 1907 to Oscar
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL's SUPERINTENDENCY. I35
Hawthomthwaite, a step-son of Edith Hawthomthwaite, nee
Buckley, scholar 1880-3.
Joseph William Glaister, of Darlington (scholar 1864-8),
succeeded to the presidency of the Association for 1905-6.
He had been for many years a generous contributor to the
iunds of the Association. For the years 1906-7 and 1907-8,
Rebecca Grace Worth (scholar 1888-95) was elected President.
The summary of grants and special subscriptions for various
objects by the Penketh Old Scholars' Association from 1884
to 1907 is as follows : —
Reference Library
To Junior Committee for aids to present scholars . .
Penketh Photographic Record
Penketh School History
Pictures for School Rooms
Cricket Crease
Winter Socials at the Manchester and Liverpool In-
stitutes
The money granted to the Junior Committee was mainly
spent in the reward of a bat, and a racquet, to the best all
round cricketer, and tennis player, on the boys' and girls*
sides respectively. These awards were continued for the
nine years from 1893-4 to 1901-2.
Note. — In order to complete the history of the Association
in one continued narrative, it is all inserted here, but it will
be noticed that part of the chronology extends over the
next two Superintendencies.
REPORTS ON SCHOOL AFFAIRS, 189O.
The Fifty-fifth Report of the Committee of Management,
1890, refers to the launching of the Old Scholars* Association
on a thoroughly loyal and representative basis, as a pleasing
event of the year. It also mentions that the School had
been visited by an Examiner, though the scholars had sat before
£ s.
d.
46 9
6
20 17
23 I
4
5 2
16 17
2
10 2
I
23 18
8
;fi46 7
9
136 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
the South Kensington authorities, as had been the custom since
1888. The awards received in 1890 were thirty-one certificates
for Art, and forty-one for Science, thirteen of which were first
class. In prizes no less than £24 had been gained in 1890 and £17
in 1891 ; out of the latter £6 los. was given by the School Com-
mittee to George O'Brien, B.A., the first class master. Further
on this Report says : '* That in accordance with a minute of
the Yearly Meeting on Religious and Doctrinal Education
the School Committee were satisfied that due attention was
given by the Headmaster and Teachers to Scriptural
instruction, and the History of the Early Friends, and
a reply to this effect to the query of the Yearly Meeting was
sent.'*
In the same year a report on Punishments in the School was
read before the Committee, which entirely satisfied that body
that the tasks for misconduct in and out of school were such
as to materially increase the children's respect for their
teachers.
A great and costly scheme of reconstruction in the domestic
department was brought forward in 1891. This comprised
a new kitchen, bathroom, linen room, scullery and larder,
also a '* servery " with an opening giving direct access from the
kitchen to the dining room. Besides these, the upper lava-
tories on both sides were fitted with hot water taps, also a
large new boiler was laid down, adjoining the laundry.
These alterations and additions, as stated in the Report for
1892, cost £1,250, which necessitated the borrowing of £1,450
to cover these and other iriiprovements.
From some cause, a defective supply of water occurred in
1892 ; the analysis of the boys' well, the girls' well and the
kitchen well proved unsatisfactory. Much cleaning out was
done before the wells were pronounced to be in good order.
Penketh village having obtained a supply of gas from
Warrington, it was decided that the school should take ad-
vantage of it and do away with its own gas plant.
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL*S SUPERINTENDENCY. I37
J. T. Gumersairs great aim in the matter of education
was to foster a love of literature, to encourage literary
tastes, and generally to raise the intellectual standard. The
studies were carried on under a fixed curriculum. Garden
work by boys was considerably curtailed, and several of the
'* offices ** were done away with. The school was made a
'* centre " for South Kensington Examinations, and for those
of the Associated Board of Music. The library was re-ar-
ranged and catalogued, and new books added till the total
reached 884 volumes.
THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION.
A Literary, Scientific and Technical Association, inaugurated
by William Thistlethwaite — a master in 1883 — ^was resusci-
tated by J. T. Gumersall and J. S. Hodgson on the lo.th
February, 1886. John Ker Simpson, one of the Masters, was
appointed Secretary. The Society did capital work in
encouraging out-of-school pursuits both among the boys and
the girls. The School report of 1887, mentions the holding of
fifteen meetings, the reading of thirty-two essays, three even-
ings devoted to recitation and one to a spelling-bee. In out-
of-school subjects it took notice of drawing, the library, the
workshop, cricket and football. A course of first class lec-
tures was arranged for, to be delivered in the Lecture Hall,
fortnightly through the winter months, and these were
continued throughout the Superintendency.
The first season's lecturers were drawn from the Society
of Friends, A. N. Brayshaw, LL.B., B.A., Benjamin B. LeTall,
M.A., John W. Graham, M.A., E. Vipont Brown, M.B., Bevan
Lean, D.Sc, and Frederick Andrews, B. A., being among the
number. The fifth report of this association stated that,
owing to its growth, it had been divided into the sections.
Essay, Field, Girls' Technical and Boys' Technical, and
Library.
138 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
PENKETH boys' FIELD CLUB.
As a branch of the above association, but with a distinct
membership, John Frederick Hills, B.A., one of the staff,
commenced the Penketh Boys' Field Club in the beginning of
the year 1890. Its aim was to encourage the pursuit of Natural
History in Penketh School by mutual assistance. It comprised
the various branches of Botany, Conchology, Geology, Ento-
mology, and Zoology. The organising committee amongst
the boys consisted of G. Burtonwood, F. Clemesha and
F. Marshall. J. T. Gumersall was president, E. G. Theobald,
B.A., Treasurer, and John E. Smith Secretary. The club
continued for seven sessions and its transactions ranged
from January, 1890, to May, 1893. Three annual reports
were issued. The members during this period numbered
forty-eight, among whom also were members of the staff,
J. T. Gumersall, John F. Hills, B.A., John Edgar Smith,
John William Proud, Edgar Gerald Theobald, B.A., R.
Percy Reynolds and Albert Pollard, B.A., so that its life
extended into the next Superintendency. It flourished ex-
ceedingly ; and vigorously took in hand the re-arranging of the
museum and school herbarium. The nineteen members
of the year 1890 exhibited at their meetings 2,080 specimens
of plants, eggs, beetles, and shells. In the following year the
specimens numbered 1,707, and during the Club's existence
the members had noted eighty-six species of birds within a
twelve miles radius of Penketh School. John William
Proud, of Ayton School, while temporarily acting as junior
teacher at Penketh, showed a collection of one hundred
and fifty plants which he had made among the lovely hill
surroundings of Ayton School.
The genuine interest taken by the boys in the " Scholars'
Field Club " outlived their school days, and in 1891, through
the instrumentality of John F. Hills, B.A., late of the staff,
" A Penketh Old Boys' Field Club " was formed from amongst
the former members of the School Club. Their great aim was
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL*S SUPERINTENDENCY. I39
to keep up the cultivation of the taste for healthy physical
exercise, and to continue the study of natural history and
literature that was begun while at school. The names on the
scroll were J. Spence Hodgson, president ; George Burtonwood,
Treasurer; John F. Hills, B.A., Secretary and Conductor.
With the exception of one or two matches at the school, and
one at Helsby, where the Secretary was then studying, it did
not arrange cricket or football fixtures. Once it held a three
days' camp in Delamere Forest in 1893, when they had " rain
for breakfast, rain for dinner and rain for tea '' in the tent.
The subscription was one shilling, and the membership fifty.
It did not outlive its forerunner, the Boy's Field Club.
GAMES.
Of outdoor games, it had come to pass in the lapse of years
that those roaring ones of the " Hi-cock-a-lorum " class,
however well they had served their day, were fain to *' hide
their diminished heads " before the national cricket, and the
scientific football that had become so highly organised.
Matches were arranged between the Penketh School Club and
the Grammar Schools of Manchester, Wigan, Farnworth, Lymm,
and the schools of Crewe, Cowley's, Widnes, Ackworth, and also
the advanced Dalton Hall, Manchester; to play return matches
the Penkethians were obliged to travel considerable distances.
The cricket successes were very marked; the 'Xhocolate
and Blue " proving the winning team on many occasions.
In 1890 a cricket crease was properly laid in the field, and
thus cricket and football matches became part of the regular
school life, aided and maintained at a high standard by the
Masters, James Wbolman, B.A., Frederick William Robinson,
and John Edgar Smith.
The first entry of Penketh cricket in the Natural History
Journal is in the issue for September, 1886 :
Penketh School v. Mr. Coventry's team ; the former beaten
by 14 runs.
Golbornet;. Penketh School ; the former 44, the latter 87 runs.
140 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
The 1889 season was the most successful to that date.
Matches played 12 ; won 10 ; lost 2.
October 15th, 1891, the batting averages for the year were :
Frederick W. Robinson 20*1 ; John Edgar Smith, 18 6 ;
James Woolman, 16*9.
In games : 12 played ; 6 won ; 4 lost ; 2 drawn.
Bowling : Frederick W. Robinson in 12 matches, 84 wickets,
average 1*87 . John E. Smith in 12 matches : 84 wickets,
average 4.
The school lost its brilliant cricketer, F. W. Robinson, at
Christmas, 1891. Penketh's loss was Ackworth's gain.
The first entry in the above Journal for football against
outside clubs was November loth, 1886, when Penketh played
Famworth Grammar School, with a result of two to nil. On
March 19th, 1887, Penketh met a team of Ackworth Old
Scholars at the former's school, wherein the latter were beaten
by two goals to one.
The following football summaries occur :
Played. Won. Lost. Drawn. For. Against.
1888 Penketh School 9 5 2 2 31 16
1889 Penketh „ 6 5 i o 33 15
1891 Penketh „ 22 13 8 i
The "N. H. J." aforesaid, on November 15th, 1886, records
** the girls have commenced hockey and play some very
spirited games," and adds this note, ** The tennis court laid
down in the former Superintendency was enlarged to regulation
size." Again in the '* N. H. J." for October, 1889, is caught a
glimpse of the Penketh scholars athletic sports : — " Charles
Burton made the 100 yards record for Friends* Schools in
10 J seconds, and also that the girls had their athletic contest
in the following week.
The girls still kept up the old favourite game of skipping,
and in one of Charlotte E. Smith's letters, dated 15th March,
1891, is mentioned a contest in which Emmeline Withers kept
her skipping rope turning continuously 1,248 singles. In the
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL S SUPERINTENDENCY. I4I
minor pastime of " Battledore and Shuttlecock " an item is
left on record of 1884, to the effect that Elizabeth Carline sent
her shuttlecock aloft 900 times. In these better disciplined
days, she would have figured, as *' not out," but at that day,
when the said shuttlecock attained its 900th flight, the bell
rang, and the inexorable spirit of that period declared *' the
time is up, thou must leave off."
In the winter of 1902, the Penketh girls modelled three life-
like figures in the snow on their playground. How was it
that the school photographers did not rescue these ephemeral
shapes from the inevitable thaw ?
Older schools than Penketh had passed through their
primeval stages in dietary and service ; as, for instance, the
historical wooden trencher at dinner, the tin can for beer,
the pot mug for water allotted to every six boys, the economi-
cal pudding before meat, the lump of butter and dry bread,
with cold water in winter for the Sunday supper.
Penketh, however, began its school life after those Spartan
days, though it had seen its days of frugal simplicity ; but under
this administration a generous dietary of meat each day was
realised, a change of plate at the pudding course ; the water
at dinner was poured from sparkling glass decanters into
equally clear glass tumblers, and the old painted gravy cans
were transformed into white enamelled jugs.
The annual walk to Winwick after the summer vacation was
a great treat. Scholars carried their dinner from the school
and spread it out in the churchyard.
The walk to the Monthly Meeting at Warrington, once in the
year, had its own open air charm, and after the first meeting,
coffee and buns were liberally supplied in John Jackson's
old schoolroom.
THE EXCURSION TO MONSAL DALE, DERBYSHIRE.
The crown of all days, during the school term, was the annual
excursion, always looked forward to with rapturous delight.
142
HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
The good old jaunting in haycarts to Overton Hills was kept
up for several years, till in 1890, the wings of fancy took a
bolder and more extended flight. Monsal Dale, the lovely
valley of the Wye, which, from its source in Axe Edge, first
flows through Ash wood Dale and Miller's Dale before it enters
Monsal Dale, was the place chosen for this expansive holiday.
The journey by rail was excellently planned on one of June's
1
^■^
«' 1
i
THE WYE AT WATER-CUM-JOLLY. DERBYSHIRE.
most brilliant days. One hundred and twenty young and
old scholars, teachers, and visitors were carried along by the
train in eager expectancy, as it passed the knolls of Romiley,
and gave a glimpse of the Chee Tor valley, and on through the
winding limestone scars of Miller's Dale, losing itself in a
tunnel from which, through a hole in the side, a momentary
gem of beauty was seen in the graceful bend of the river at
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL S SUPERINTENDENCY. I43
Water-cum-Jolly, till at last, the train stopped at Monsal
Dale, high on the side of the valley. From thence the party
crossed the picturesque wooden bridge to the village, and
halted at the cottage of an aged Quakeress, where refreshment
was spread outside. Afterwards the company divided into
three sections ; one went to Cressbrook Dale, another to Litton
Mills, and a smaller group ventured along the mountain road,
high up above the right bank of the Wye, and round the bend
at Water-cum-Jolly into Miller's Dale.
The Field Club was absorbed in hunting for plants, eggs,
and fossils ; one touch of the naturalist's spirit was seen in a
party finding a dipper's nest, and taking only two gleaming
eggs out of the batch of five, and the contingent that followed
coming upon the same nest, with equally tender appro-
priation, leaving one white egg for the mother bird.
The return journey was full of glowing satisfaction at this
fresh glimpse of the '* beautiful and grand in nature."
A DAY IN THE WORDSWORTH COUNTRY.
A still wider field was won on 5th mo. (May) 26th, of the
following year, 1891. The way was prepared by a lesson on the
Lake District, and by a leaflet guide given to each of the one
hundred and twenty who joined the expedition and partici-
pated in this
" Crowded hour of glorious life."
Brakes at 4.15 a.m. to catch the 5.20 train from Warrington.
Breakfast at Windermere at 8.30, a mile and a half walk to
Bowness for boating on the lake, then steamer to Waterhead,
walk to Ambleside and to Stock Ghyll Force, — the most poetic
of waterfalls, — further on to Rydal Lake, and Pelter Bridge,
where a halt was made for lunch. After ascending to see the
views from Nab Scar, the excursionists returned by the road
under Loughrigg, passed Fox Ghyll, Fox Howe and the Knoll,.
144 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
with memories respectively of William E. Foster, Dr. Arnold,
and Harriet Martineau. Steamer to Bowness, high tea, followed
by three hours of railway train which brought the party back
to Warrington by 9 p.m., and one hour later all were safe
at home again, very tired but very happy.
The Christmas entertainments of 1890 and 1891 were
made memorable by two boys who took a brilliant part
in them. Denis Davis, and Frederick J. Sargent then gave
evidence of that dramatic instinct which gradually unfolded
as they grew to manhood, till it developed into a profession.
This form of Christmas festivity became a fixture, and one
that was eagerly looked forward to. By 1891 it was amal-
gamated with the prize distribution and continued to a late
hour. Louisa Gumersall, the wife of the headmaster, took
much interest in the preparation and decoration for these
delightful evenings, and many poems of her composing found a
place in the programmes for recitation and song.
In reference to the finances of the school, the aim of the
headmaster from the first was to make the payments of the
scholars approximate as nearly as possible to the cost of
maintenance. Year by year this was kept in view till, finally,
the Proprietary Monthly Meetings agreed to supplement the
low payments of those children who were paid for out of the
overseers' fund, to the extent of the average cost per child.
This difference between cost and payment decreased from
£y 3s. 8d. per child in 1886 to £1 8s. in 1892. The subscrip-
tions from the Lancashire and Cheshire Quarterly Meeting in
the seven years of this Superintendency reached a total of £598,
an average of ^^85 per annum. The donations from the
property of the two Monthly Meetings to which the school
belonged, -£1,460 ; from the Frandley and Ditton Estates,
3^93, and from Cheshire Monthly Meeting, £30.
At the close of 1891, Frederick William Robinson, who had
been at the school for over three years as master, left the staff.
This kindly notice of him appeared in the Penketh School
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL*S SUPERINTENDENCY. I45
Journal, Past and Present : *' Few teachers have kindled so
much enthusiasm, won so great and well merited popularity,
and been so eminently useful in every sphere of work. As
captain of teams, as general organiser of merriment, and as
teacher, we remember him for his efficiency, and for his ever-
present kindliness and joviality/'
Of that distinguished boy Denis Davis (scholar 1888-93)
whose dramatic talent manifested itself at school, much was
hoped for in after life. He took to the stage for his profession,
and gave much promise, but his opportunity was all too short,
ior he passed away on the 8th of 6th mo. (June) 1900, aged
about twenty-two years. His mother published his verses
under the title of " The Wisdom of Nathan Gray and other
poems,*' with the author's illustrations in pen and ink re-
produced in facsimile. In the book were eighteen poems
besides the chief one which covered fifty pages.
A tender memorial must be written of one of the junior
teachers, Edgar Gerald Theobald, B.A., who was taken away
so suddenly from a life full of brilliant possibilities.
He came to Penketh School as a junior master at nineteen
years of age, in 1891, and stayed for two years. He had
iDeen educated at home, and at Bootham School, York. At
the latter he obtained a ^^50 scholarship. He stood in the
thirty-eighth place in the Honours List, at the Matriculation
Examination of London University. In 1889 he was at the
Flounders Institute, Ackworth, and obtained his degree of
B.A. at twenty years of age, in 1891.
Referring to his career, the headmaster wrote in Past and
Present y April ist, 1894, of his science lectures and lessons,
talks on astronomy, the encouragement he gave to the study of
literature, his chess playing, his love of music, his wit and
humour and his reverence for sacred things, — all these quali-
ties had a deep influence for good amongst those with whom
he mingled while at Penketh, and afterwards at Saffron Walden
School, where in 12th mo., 1893, an attack of influenza in
12
146 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
a little more than a week closed a life so full of usefulness at
the early age of twenty-two years.
Mention must also be made of Kitty Tonjoroff, as she was
known at school, her full name being Catherine Mildmay Bevan
Tonjoroff. She entered Penketh School, as a scholar, in 1891,
from Philippopolis, in Bulgaria (though she was bom in Eng-
land), and stayed till 1894. Her parents conducted a Medical
Mission in the above named city, and she went out to them
in 1896, and was helpful to her mother in dispensing medicine.
After the Armenian atrocities, she was serviceable to Mrs.
Marriage Allen, from England, in the sewing class, working
for the benefit of the Refugees ; and again in 1903, after the
Macedonian massacres, she assisted Mrs. Georgina King Lewis
and Mrs. Marriage Allen in distributing food and clothing to
14,000 refugees, and in acting as interpreter of the Turkish and
Bulgarian languages. Kitty Tonj oroff returned to England with
her mother in 1904, and they settled at Saffron Walden.
Joseph T. Gumersall took a wide interest in affairs outside
the school, both political and social. He became a member
of the Liberal Three Hundred of the Newton Division of
Lancashire, and for three years was President of the Penketh
Liberal Association. On the social side, he figured as President
of the Wesleyan Mutual Improvement Association in the
village, and of the Penketh Football Club. He was also a
member of the Warrington Literary and Philosophical Society
and of the Warrington Field Club ; of the Manchester branch
of the Teachers' Guild of Great Britain and Ireland, which
met at Owens College, and the Friends' Central Education
Board. Before the last named body, he read a paper on one
of his favourite topics, "The Training of Teachers.''
Gardening was his chief recreation, and botany occupied
most of his efforts in connection with the School Literary and
Scientific Association.
It was becoming evident in the early months of the year
1891, that the strain upon J. T. Gumersall, the headmaster^
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALL S SUPERINTENDENCY. I47
was gradually overpowering him. He informed the School
Committee that the state of his health interfered with the
]iroper discharge of his duties. In sympathy with him and
with his wife, a month's holiday was given them, from which
they returned refreshed by the rest and relaxation. Yet, in
the following year, they were compelled to resign their posts,
which for seven years they had so successfully filled. The
Committee embodied an appreciation of their labours in
a minute of 8th mo., 1892 : —
'* In reviewing the way in which these dear friends have per-
formed their responsible duties, and the close attention they
have given to the welfare of the officers and children under their
care, the Committee gratefully record their feeling of satis-
faction. In accepting their resignation, they hope that a
time of relaxation from their onerous engagements may
promote their restoration to health.*'
In 9th mo. (September), 1892, a circular was issued to the
parents and guardians of all the children, informing them that
J. T. Gumersall had found it needful, on account of his health,
to relinquish his duties at the end of the year, and stating that
Albert and Janet Pollard had been appointed to fill the posts
of Headmaster and Mistress of the family respectively, and
they would, the Committee thought, be able to discharge their
responsible duties conscientiously and efficiently.
J. T. and L. Gumersall concluded their seven years' term
at the close of 1892, and finally left the school on the 5th of
1st mo., 1893.
A short period of rest after this serious breakdown was
sufficient to restore J. T. Gumersall's health so that he was
able in the same year to enter the business of Barrow's Stores,
at Birmingham, of which, when converted into a limited
company, he became the Secretary, and eventually one of the
Directors. Apart from business, he has, for some years,
taken much interest in the work of the London Fabian Society
and the Birmingham Socialist Centre.
ALBERT POLLARD, B.A., HEADMASTER,
1 893 -1 900.
A LBERT and Jane Hallaway Pollard entered on their
administration at Penketh School on the 4th of January,
1893, and were heartily welcomed by the Committee and
Friends.
Albert Pollard was born in the year i860 at the academic
village of Ackworth, and was sent to the National School of
the Society of Friends in that place, as a scholar from 1871 to
1876. He passed on to Bootham School, York, and to the
Flounders Institute, Ackworth, after which he became a
Junior Teacher at Ackworth School, from 1878 to 1882.
He was a student at the Dalton Hall, Owens College, Manches-
ter, from which he graduated as B.A. of London University.
The next two years were spent in scientific work on free and
independent lines in connection with the latter. In 1885 he
returned to Ackworth School as a Teacher and in 1889 became
the first accredited Science Master, until 1892.
In 1888, Albert Pollard married Jane Hallaway Wallis,
Music Mistress at Ackworth School, and they went to reside
in the village of Ackworth until their removal to Penketh
School.
At the outset of Albert Pollard's career at Penketh, there
were, in the school, forty-eight boys and twenty-one girls,
of whom, twelve were members of the Society of Friends,
thirteen attenders of their meetings, nine in connection, and
148
ALBERT POLLARD, B.A.
ALBERT POLLARD, B.A. I49
thirty-five entirely without connection. This statement
shows that fully half of the scholars were of those for whom
the school was not originally founded. Yet the feeling was
growing in the Society of Friends, that it was its duty as a
religious body to take up education under the influence of
its own teachers, and carry it out according to the principles
and practice of their community, as a permanent branch of
Mission Work among those outside their borders.
The school staff were Albert and Janet Pollard, as heads
of the Institution ; George Frederick Linney, Jun., and
Richard Percy Reynolds, Masters. On the Girls' side, Jessie
Wilson, Governess ; Margaret Alice Hargreaves, Charlotte
Ethel Smith and Dora Harris, Junior Teachers. John Edgar
Smith gave some assistance whilst pursuing his studies at Owens
College, Manchester, and in 1893 he finished his twelve and a
half years' career at Penketh School. He was emphatically
one of her own sons. His school days extended from 1880
to 1886, his apprenticeship from 1886 to 1892. He was
Master-on-Duty in 1892-3 and for the space of six months,
he spent fifteen hours a week in the work of the School,
and the remainder in study at Owens College.* He
was Secretary to the School Games Club and to the Boys'
Field Club ; at cricket, he excelled in bowling and batting.
In football, he played ''centre forward," and he was for nine
years a leading member of both teams. On leaving Penketh,
he studied at the Flounders Institute and Yorkshire College,
Leeds, where he eventually took his degree of B.Sc. in 1901.
Entering Ackworth School in 1896, John E. Smith became
Master of the fourth class till 1899. His marriage with
Beatrice Collinson, of Ackworth School, took place in the
Ackworth Meeting House during the Christmas vacation,
on the 30th December, 1902. He and his bride sailed for
Tasmania on the 8th of January following, with an escort of
nine representatives from Ackworth, and three from Penketh,
♦ " Past and Present, 1894."
150 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
to whom they bade adieu at Liverpool Street station, London,,
on their way to embark at Tilbury.
On arriving at Hobart, they proceeded to the Friends''
School, to take up their new duties. In January, 1904, they
were installed as Principal and Mistress of the family,
respectively, for a term of three years.
Albert Pollard made considerable exertions to increase
the number of scholars, by advertising in the periodicals of
the Society of Friends and in local newspapers. A new prospec-
tus of the School was issued to supersede the one of six years
before. Day scholars were admitted at a charge of £14 per
annum, there being four applications.
Early in 1894, the question of the small number of scholars
again came under the serious consideration of the Committee.
It resulted in a circular being issued to Friends and attenders
of their meetings, in Lancashire and Cheshire Quarterly-
Meeting, pointing out the advantages of the school.
ALBERT pollard's AIM IN EDUCATION.
The Headmaster's great object was the building up of charac-
ter ; everything scholastic and social that bore upon this
central idea was carried out with vigour and thoroughness.
Not only was he ever anxious to increase the efficiency of his
staff, but he also constantly sought for the best and latest
methods in class teaching.
For example, in order to facilitate the study of French, he
sent one of the lady teachers to Geneva, to qualify herself
more fully in the knowledge of the language. This enabled her
satisfactorily to undertake the teaching of the subject through-
out the school. Penketh was one of the first to introduce
correspondence between its own scholars and pupils in French
schools. These attempts were so successful, that Penketh
scholars prominently excelled in French in the College of
Preceptors' Examination.
ALBERT POLLARD, B.A. I5I
Later on, the teaching of drawing was advanced by one of
the masters, who had a taste for art, being sent to London, to
take a course of the Ablett system.* This new style of
drawing, with its marked feature of working from memory — so
widely different from the old ''Freehand" — was soon taught
throughout the school. Not only was the educational value
recognised, but an increased and sustained interest was created.
Much curiosity and manifest pleasure were shown by the visitors
at the ensuing General Meeting, on inspecting the goodly array
of these memory drawings displayed on that occasion.
Albert Pollard was fully alive to the value of the new special
library founded by the Penketh Old Scholars' Association,
and with the assistance of Christopher Bradshaw and others,
added, from time to time, modern educational works, particu-
larly on Scripture, History and Geography.
He also formed a Reading Club in the first class, with the mild
incentive of a fine of one halfpenny for the members who did
not read for half an hour per diem. In the reading section,
members were enjoined to read 200 pages a month of standard
literature ; so much for the stimulus of a regular set task, for
keeping up energy and getting work done.
The high class yearly Excursion, instituted in the previous
administration, which so increased the width of outlook
to marvelling boyhood, was repeated in 1893 and 1894 in a
grand day's trip to Windermere.
THE INTRODUCTION OF THREE TERMS.
The greatest change that Albert Pollard advocated, and
carried out so successfully, was the adoption of the '* three
terms system." In this he was one of the three pioneers in
Friends' Public Schools ; the York Schools for Boys at
** Bootham ** and Girls at " The Mount," began simultaneously
• T. R. Ablett, honorary secretary and lecturer of the Royal Drawing Society of Great
Britain and Ireland.
T52 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
with Penketh boys' and girls' school, in the first month or
term of 1895. As this system was so new, the Committee of
Penketh School addressed a preliminary circular of inquiry on
the subject to the parents of the scholars, in order to have
some outside opinion to act upon. The replies showed that
twenty-four were in favour, eighteen neutral, and only ten
against. The large majority in favour of the change enabled
the School Committee to adopt the course immediately. They
felt their action to be entirely justified, when at the close of
1896, the school contained the full number of fifty-two boys and
twenty-eight girls. This change in times and seasons necessi-
tated the transplanting of the June General Meeting to the
third Thursday in July.
Reference was made earlier on to the small number of
Friends residing in the village of Penketh. The exercise on
the minds of the members of Hardshaw East and Hardshaw
West Monthly Meetings of Friends in South Lancashire,
relative to the watchful care of the small meetings within their
compass, had borne fruit in the appointment of '* Small Meet-
ings Committees" for the visitation and encouragement of
these meetings.
The above meetings had an equal share of duty with regard
to Penketh. The school committee in their report for 1894,
stated that the continued visits of Friends to the Meetings for
Worship at Penketh were greatly valued. About twenty
such visits had been paid during each year. The Committee
expressed a hope that the responsibility of keeping up the
Meeting might rest upon the minds of members of both the
proprietary Monthly Meetings.
SCHOOL GAMES.
The old games of prisoners' base, stag, and rounders were
not forgotten, and it may be inferred from Past and Present of
1894, that Hockey, in 1886 had not taken the fancy of the
ALBERT POLLARD, B.A. I53
girls' side, for the remark is met with '' Hockey has been tried,
a new game for the girls.*' This was eight years after the first
attempt at the game.
Indoors, the game of draughts had so far come into vogue,
"that the girls organised a Tournament in 1893, in which Edith
Helen Curtis and Florence Mary Leicester were respectively
the first and second winners.
Thomas Little, from Brumana in Syria — who was a Junior
Teacher at Penketh in 1874-8, — re-visited his old school.
He introduced the game of " Tabi,'* played by the children
•of Ain Salaam. It was simple in its rules ; the one possessing
"the ball shied it at anyone he pleased, and the one that was
hit had to retire and so on till all were hit. It became quite a
favourite game for awhile.
A stimulus was given to cricket by the Masters practising
^ith the girls. Two novel matches were played, Fred Linney
and John E. Smith '' stood*' eleven of the girls, and afterwards
Percy Reynolds and Edgar G. Theobald did the same.
A new feature was introduced by the Penketh Old Scholars
Association, of the gift of a prize bat, with silver escutcheon,
to the best all-round boy cricketer, and a racquet to the clever-
■est girl at tennis. These contests began in 1893-4, and
continued year after year till 1901-2. The names of the win-
ners do not transpire for the first two years, excepting the men-
tion of Grace Worth being the winner of the first tennis racquet,
l)ut the rest were : —
1895-6 Percy Aldridge and Theodora Nixon.
1896-7 Harold Aldridge and Margaret Wharton.
1897-8 Robert Higginson Lowe and Margaret Ethel Lowe.
1898-9 Wilfrid CyrU Carter and Jane Sadler Davidson.
1 899-1 900 Herbert Gibbons Ward and Ethel Helena Dale.
1900-1 Frederick Davey and Ethel Margaret Carr.
1 901 -2 Frank Waites and Olive Elizabeth Bull.
In April 1894, a unique and pleasing spectacle was seen
Avhen the head position of each class was worthily held by a
154 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
girl, — viz. : Grace Worth, of the first class ; Lizzie Youde„
of the second ; Lizzie Cooke, of the third, and Amy Percival ,.
of the fourth ; a remarkable result of mixed teaching.
HISTORY OF '* PAST AND PRESENT '* 1893-5.
An outside Journal entitled Past and Present, conducted in
the interests of Penketh School, was commenced in 1893,.
and carried on by John Francis Hills, B.A., with the help
of teachers and boys and girls, in the school and out of it.
This was after he left the school staff and was studying at
Helsby, in Cheshire. It was styled : ''A small magazine
conducted by the younger old scholars and older present
scholars of Penketh School.'* The intention was " that it
should be a constant medium of intercourse between the old
centre of schoolday life and those who had recently quitted
it for the great business world." It chiefly concerned itself
with the play hours and playtime diversions.
The first number was issued August ist, 1893, under the
care of the following staff ; Editors, Catherine B. Priestman,
Henry Vernon Coates and Margaret J. Cooke, three old scholars.
Assistant Editors, Thomas Youde, Jun., Leigh Thomas
Spencer, Jun., and Grace Worth, in the school. The Treasurer
was Frederick W. Robinson, and R. Percy Reynolds the
school correspondent. The issue was intended to be bi-
monthly ; the subscription was 9d. per half year from old
scholars, and 6d. from scholars. The affairs of the Old
Scholars' Association were duly recorded in each number,
as also reports of school societies, games and cricket matches.
The principal articles from old scholars were : —
Bulgarian Manners and Customs. . Catherine M. B. Tonjoroff.
Misty Memories . . . . . . Benjamin B. Le Tall, M.A^
Southern Tyrol
Boys' Gardens, 1 866-9
Recollections of the Chicago Exhibtion Frederick W. Follows.
History of Penketh School — four
articles . . . . . . James Turner.
ALBERT POLLARD, B.A. 155
Those by friends in connection with the School : —
Skating . . . . . . . . J. Spence Hodgson.
The American Beaver . . . . Wm. P. Thompson.
Wicken Fen . . . . . . John H. Salter.
To Windsor on Bicycles . . . . Isabella Farrand.
and many others written anonymously.
The illustrations comprised portraits of : —
J. Spence Hodgson Frederick J. Sargent.
J. T., L.. and G.J. Gumersall. Edgar G. Theobald, B.A.
Frederick W. Robinson. John Edgar Smith.
Richard A. White.
also views of Chicago Exhibition, Windermere, Penketh School,
Penketh Old Boys' Field Club Cricket Eleven, 1894.
Subsequently, George Burtonwood, Frederick Marshall and
V. H. Charnock, took the places on the staff of those who had
left school, and James Woolman, B.A., became the Treasurer.
The tenth and last number was dated April z;st, 1895, of
which one thousand copies were issued broadcast, to old
scholars, and those in the school, as well as to parents of
scholars, and to any in the district who were interested in the
school.
Past and Present has not since been revived at Penketh,
but the title was adopted in 1900, by the Journal for Scholars
Old and Young of Friends* Schools, editedby Edgar B. CoUinson,
B.A., and A. G. Linney. It was the successor of The Natural
History Journal, that finished its course 15th November,
1898. This second Past and Present gives Penketh School
its fair share of representation in its pages. In the issue 15th
February, 1904, is an article entitled ''A Week of Work and
Play," — one of a public school series — at the Friends' School,
Penketh, near Warrington, from the pen of John William Proud,
B.A., first class master.
SKATING AT PENKETH.
Facilities for enjoying the fascinating pastime of skating
were not by any means abundant round Penketh School.
156
HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
The Mersey was a tidal river, and debarred from ice. The
boat-shaped field, adjoining the brook at Hall Nook, was not
always flooded in winter, and its area was small ; the moats
of Barrow Hall, and the more distant Bold Hall were not avail-
able ; the Sankey Canal was too much charged with chemicals
to freeze, and the school bath only allowed of a happy-go-round
and round the centre pillar.
ALBERT POLLARD, B.A , WITH NATURAL HISTORY STrUEXTS AT THE gUARRY,
OVERTOX HILLS, FRODSHAM.
These circumstances, added to the uncertainty of length-
ened frost, for many years rendered it most difficult to find
opportunity for sufficient training for a skating contest among
the scholars. However on the 2nd of February, 1895, J. S.
Hodgson was, at last, able to arrange for a display of his
favourite pastime. All the school went for the whole of the
afternoon to a flooded field at Longford, between Warrington
and Win\yick.
ALBERT POLLARD, B.A. 157
In the mile race George Cooke obtained the first prize ;
Harry Bodmer, the second and Roland A. Andrew, the third.
Junior half mile : first, Robert Lowe ; second, James Marsden ;
and third, George Holdcroft. Girls : one length, Josephine
Ashworth and Dora Davis were first and second respectively.
In fancy skating, George Cooke was first and Harry Bodmer
second. Great interest was taken in the contest by all the
skaters and visitors on the pond. So far in the history of the
school, this competition is the only one of which there is a
record. The prizes for these events were given away at the
Annual Meeting of the Penketh Old Scholars' Association,,
held two months afterwards.
CYCLING AT PENKETH.
The first notice of cycling, in connection with Penketh
occurs in the Natural History Journal of May 15th, 1895,
when six members of the *' Quaker Cyclists '* Friends' Club
in Manchester, rode over to Penketh School one Saturday
afternoon, with the silver monogram Q.C. shining on their
caps.
Further mention occurs in a minute of Committee in 1898,.
wherein permission is granted for a shed to be made at the
back of the school for the storage of bicycles. The charge
for use was fixed at five shillings per annum for each
machine. A photograph in the Penketh Record in 1898,
shows Albert Pollard and the teachers and scholars who
possessed bicycles.
The history of Penketh School cycling is singularly barren.
In 1871 James Turner introduced a bicycle of the *' Bone
Shaker ** type, which afforded much amusement to the teachers
and older scholars. This was the first bicycle seen in the
School, and was a source of great pleasure to the boys.
Charles Spence Brooke, scholar 1871-7, and cyclist correspon-
dent to the Manchester Guardian^ remembers an original
♦ Letter from Charles Spence Brooke.
158 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
*' Bone Shaker," with its wooden wheels and iron tyres.
This, the legitimate successor of the " Hobby Horse/' was
introduced from France in 1869, and found a place in Penketh
School. It appears that Henry H. Beakbane of the School
Committee, who lived about a mile from the school, possessed
this primitive cycle, and becoming tired of the risks and
difficulties of riding, gave it to his cousin, John Beakbane, the
eldest of a family of seven, who were scholars. This leads
to the supposition that Penketh boys had many a turn in
riding round the playground. Henry Crunden Sargent, an
apprentice in the school, 1 867-1 872, possessed a tricycle of
his own putting together about the year 1868, which would
travel at the rate of twelve miles an hour — no mean speed in
those days. Of the high bicycle called an *' Ordinary '* brought
in by James Starley, of Coventry, about 1871 — ^James Kershaw,
who was scholar 1868-70, and apprentice 1870-5, was the
proud owner of a good one, made by Jack Kean, the then
great professional rider. It was rumoured that this James
Kershaw had won a first prize on it at the Widnes Sports,
then one of the best centres in England. Fred Rogers,
scholar 1870-5, at times came over from Liverpool after he
had left school and performed many clever feats of '* trick *'
riding on the boys' playground.
In J. T. Gumersairs time, a few boys had bicycles of the
** Safety" build with solid tyres, brought out with such success
by J. K. Starley in 1885. But it was the "Safety" with
pneumatic tyres, introduced 1889 and only favourably received
in 1891, upon which the '* Quaker Cyclists " rode to the School,
and the same kind are shown in the photograph of 1898
in the Penketh Record.
Henry C. Sargent, above mentioned, also made a canoe
early in 1872, and was so fearless a craftsman that he paddled
down the Mersey to Liverpool in it, and also up the Bridge-
water Canal as far as Altrincham, and then worked his way
across country to his home at Ambergate, Derbyshire.
ALBERT POLLARD, B.A. I59
SCHOOL ATHLETICS.
Albert Pollard considered that the cause of education would
be advanced by the efficiency of the means for outdoor
recreation, and physical development.
The cricket field of one and a half acres was enlarged at the
close of 1893, by moving the hedge thirty yards back, and
after one or two more additions, it finally extended to eight
acres, with *' ample room and verge enough *' for two football
grounds, two cricket pitches, a tennis court and a girls' hockey
ground.
Athletics were largely popularised by the turning of the
old barn into a gymnasium in September, 1895. No opening
ceremony ushered it in, but at the General Meeting following,
a professor of gymnastics was engaged to show its usefulness
by an exhibition of simple exercises and difficult feats. John
Ashworth, of Manchester, a member of the school committee,
helped onward the movement by collecting £52, for equipping
this gymnasium with the best apparatus. A teacher of
athletics from Warrington was subsequently engaged for a
term. In September, 1895, one George Melio gave a week's
training in Swedish drill.
The Natural History Journal of February 15th, 1895,
gives a summary of the results in football, for all the
Friends' Schools, from 1877 to 1894. Penketh's quota is
Matches Goals Goals
plaved. Won. Lost. Drawn. for. against.
150 85 47 18 718 415
At the same date is shown the record of the School's athlete,
John Wareing, of Appleton, scholar 1893-5, at the annual
sports.
In the following year another athlete comes on the scene,
one Roland Ashworth Andrew, 1893-6. At the annual sports
in May, 1896, he sprang 4ft. 8in. in the high jump, though he
was only 4ft. lojin. in height.
The playgrounds were well attended to, the headmaster
being fully alive to the utility of a large area contiguous to the
l6o HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
schoolrooms, where naturally most of the playing was done.
He even desired to appropriate a portion of the vegetable
garden to increase the playing space two-fold, but was deterred
by the great expense that would be entailed in laying it with
asphalte.
A more modest scheme was adopted, by adding the boys'
gardens to the playground, seeing they were already so des-
spoiled of their charm, by fugitive cricket balls. As the girls'
playground was too much enclosed by boundary walls to
admit of any extension, the boys' playground was free to
the girls when on any occasion it was deserted by its rightful
tenants. In 1898, these playgrounds were re-asphalted at a
cost of £226.
THE WATER FAMINE.
The insufficiency of the water supply on the school premises
in 1893 and subsequently, owing to drought, caused serious
periodical water famines, which led to much inconvenience for
several years. The wells barely sufficed for the requirements
of kitchen and dining room ; even the water in the plunge bath,
that had run in from the surrounding fields was utilised for
washing purposes ; but this supply in time became exhausted.
What facilities existed for bathing may be inferred from the
reply to a letter from a Manchester swimmer, by the Head-
master, who in his usual pithy way said the depth of the water
in the bath was six inches and a half. This gave no chance for
taking the desired photographs of diving and floating.
A disconsolate, account* was given of the girls striving to be
content with dabbling in a pool, in one corner of the school
bath, while the boys were twice allowed to go to the fine plunge
bath at Warrington, "f On one occasion, swimming races were
held, in which Thomas Laurence was the winner and Fred and
Harry Lloyd and Hugh Wharton were equal seconds. When
♦ " Past and Present," 1893.
t " Past and Present," 1895.
CHARLES JOHX HOLMES, J.P.
ALBERT POLLARD, B.A. l6l
at length the school bath did get full again, it came as a
strange surprise, almost a phenomenon, to new boys and
even to old ones, so long had it been empty.
The school were obliged to ask the Warrington Authorities
to supplement their limited local supply. The tender was
accepted of one shilling per thousand gallons by meter, with an
extra charge of ten shillings a year, for one housebath, and five
shillings for each in addition.
Water was laid on to Penketh village in 1896, and for a
time, what the school required was brought across the fields
by an india-rubber hose of wondrous length, until ordinary
pipes could be laid down. The charge for filling the plunge
bath with Town's water was £4 for the 80,000 gallons required,
and the cost of pumping the old water out brought the amount
up to £6 i6s. 8d.
THE headmaster's ILLNESS.
In the summer of 1896, Albert Pollard was stricken down
with a severe complication of pneumonia and pleurisy. A
gloom fell over the wonted cheery spirit of the school, when his
life was despaired of. It may truly be said, that by the strength
of his own will, he overcame the power of the disease, when
outward aid had failed. On becoming convalescent, he was
given two months respite from school duties in the genial
climate at Colwyn Bay. He returned so much benefited
that he was able to resume his cherished work. Charles
Barnard, the Secretary of the School Committee, and at one
time Superintendent of Rawdon School, most kindly under-
took the oversight of the school in Albert Pollard's absence.
The headmaster commenced the year 1897 with much of his
old energy, by seeking to bring about measures to advance
the standard of education.
A teacher for the workshop was engaged, to give the boys
lessons in carpentry. A lady was proposed to take the music
teaching, and it resulted in Isobel Gilchrist being engaged.
l62 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
For five years, she most efficiently fulfilled the duties of her
office throughout the school, and many were the regrets on
her leaving, when the obligations of home required her
loving care.
On account of the extremely small attendance at the mid-
week Meeting for Worship at the Meeting-house, it was con-
sidered more profitable for the scholars to have Scriptural
and religious instruction given to them in the lecture room at
the School.
In the closing month of 1896, the first examination of
Penketh scholars took place before the College of Preceptors.
Seven candidates obtained second class certificates. David
Nixon came out high on the general list by standing
the twenty-sixth. Roland A. Andrew gained distinction in
drawing. Six candidates failed by only five marks.
Of the all round boy Roland Ashworth Andrew it is recorded : *
*' Among those who have left Penketh School is Roland A.
Andrew, our record jumper, our leading athlete, principal
prize winner in drawing and painting. One who had an
absolutely clear bill, so to speak, as regards ' punishment,'
during the whole of the time hie was at School.'* The same
account goes on to tell of the loss to the School in the depar-
ture of Fred Lloyd — for a long time the foremost cricketer —
and adds, that John T. Burgess^ (Ackworth School's athletic
champion) had taken charge of the drilling.
The widespread result of the course of study which R. Percy
Reynolds took in the Ablett system of drawing in London
was shown in fifty candidates sitting for examination in
June, 1897. The numbers who passed in four out of the
six divisions were : —
Divisions : — ist. 3rd. 4th. 5th.
Honours .. .. .. .-4 6 6 i
Passes .. .. .. ..5 8 5 i
Edward McCheane took honours in each of the four.
♦ " Natural History Journal," February 15th, 1897.
ALBERT POLLARD, B.A. 163
In the beginning of 1898 it is stated* " Social evenings were
commenced comprising music and elocution. Girls and boys
took the chair alternately. William Fleming, and Mary Ellen
Nelson were the first who filled the office ; surely a capital
training for future days. On the first evening Isidore Cantor,
and Fred Davey enacted Mark Twain and the Interviewer.
THE FIRST SCHOLARSHIPS.
In the closing month of 1897 the School Committee, for the
purpose of stimulating education, offered two scholarships of
the value of ^f 20 and £15 to be awarded annually to the scholars
of Penketh School, who stood highest in the Honours division,
in the First class of the College of Preceptors' Examination.
Candidates must be, at least, fifteen years of age at the date
of such examination, and must have been in the school for at
least two years. The winner of the scholarship must submit
a written statement to the Committee, of the manner in which
he, or she, wished to use the award, as the money would only
be paid for some purpose that would be of permanent benefit
to the pupil.
In January 1897, the results achieved by the twenty scholars
at this College of Preceptors' Examination were considered
fairly satisfactory, and an advance on the preceding year. But
it was not till the year 1900 that the £20 exhibition was won ;
the distinction falling to Herbert Gibbons Ward. He chose
a microscope as the most likely prize to be of permanent benefit
to him, in his intended career in the medical profession. As
a sequel, it is worthy of mention that H. Gibbons Ward
took his degree of M.B. at the Victoria University, 28 July,
1906.
At the close of 1897, the highest fee for admission into the
School was raised from £36 to ^^40. In September, 1899, a
further encroachment on the school land was threatened.
* "Natural History Journal,*' March 15th, 1898.
164 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
The promoters of the Manchester and Liverpool Express Rail-
way Company gave notice of their intention to obtain par-
liamentary powers, to acquire land from the school estate.
The trustees were advised to reply that they dissented, as the
Railway would seriously interfere with the cricket field and
garden. The said mono-rail line would not have been seen
much from the school, as it would have been in a cutting twenty
feet below the garden, in order that the carriages could go
under the existing Midland Railway bridge in Stocks Lane, but
it would have caused the cricket crease and tennis court to
be removed to a spot, in close proximity to the plunge bath.
The bill for this Railway passed through Parliament, but the
company were unable to acquire public money for the
undertaking.
Early in the year 1900, Arnold Hodgkinson, of Southport,
became Secretary of the School Committee, in the room of
Charles Barnard, who retired after a service of fifteen years.
He, however, accepted the auditing of the school accounts at
the committee's request, and continued to attend the meetings
of the committee as agent. He died at Liscard on the i6th
of 9th mo., 1902, at the ripe age of eighty-three years.
FINANCE.
Turning to financial matters, the Report for the year ending
1892, at the outset of Albert Pollard's administration, gives
the value of the school estate as : —
Buildings £6,140). g
Land, 22 acres i r. 12J poles 1,717] ^^' ^'^
at which amount it stood at the end of the superintendency
in 1900. But the borrowed capital for kitchen alterations,
etc., at the close of 1892 was £1,450. This Albert Pollard
strove to reduce, and he succeeded in process of time in paying
off all but £150, in large measure by surplus income, and by
grants and donations. It was his constant endeavour.
ALBERT POLLARD, B.A. 165
amounting to anxiety, to leave the school with this large debt
discharged.
The grants and donations for the years 1893 to 1900
inclusive, were £1,853, and the subscriptions £m, or an
average on this latter account of ;f69. The great reduction
in the total of subscriptions — owing to the increase of similar
objects requiring aid, is shown in a comparison of the average
of £164 for the eight years from 1868 to 1875, with the £69
average from 1893 to 1900.
The number of scholars, at the end of 1900, was seventy-five,
of whom fifty-one were boys, and twenty-four girls. The
total since the beginning in 1834 was 1,541.
Albert Pollard had for some years past entertained a
desire to enter more fully into his favourite vocation of class
teaching, as he felt the responsibilities of the Superintendency
pressing heavily upon him. To realise this consummation,
he accepted an engagement at Ackworth School, as master
of the highest class. The opportunity had been afforded
by the death of Albert Linney, which left the post of
First class teacher vacant.
Albert Pollard resigned his position at Penketh School,
at the end of the yrar 1900. The Committee entered this
testimony on their minutes, "We hear with regret that our
friends Albert Pollard and his wife have decided to leave us.
We wish to place on record our appreciation of their valuable
services to the Institution. We shall long remember, with
the pleasantest r( collections, their kindness to the children,
and their never failing courtesy to the Committee."
But, alas ! things fell out otherwise ; Albert Pollard was
not permitted to realise his long cherished hope of being
again at Ackworth^ the place of his birth, and at his own old
School, as the master of its highest class. He had continued
to write his thoughtful addresses, and laboured under the
responsibilities of the Penketh Institution, and joined in the
games with the children, but all this while he was developing
l66 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
consumption, as a result of his former serious illness, and this
at last compelled him to discontinue his duties. Great and
loving sympathy was felt for him by his many pupils and
friends. The Committee did all in their power, by granting
him leave of absence for the remainder of the term, which
enabled him to retire to a sanatorium in the south, for the
benefit of its open air treatment. His wife remained at the
School to carry on her husband's duties, with all loving patience
and fortitude, having the able support and sympathy of the
masters, Charles Brightwrn Rowntree, B.A., and William
Herbert Waite, M.A., as well as of all connected with the
Institution.
Albert Pollard being thus debarred from undertaking the
duties at Ackworth School, it came to pass that William
F. Nicholson, B.A., then under a course of study, was re-
quested to fill the post till the close of the year, which position
he entered upon as a permanency in the following year.
The feeling of regret at Albert Pollard's retirement made
so deep and sincere an impression on the hearts of his pupils
and those of the staff, who had so long worked under him,
that it took shape in a desire to present some lasting tribute
to him. The evening of the usual breaking up party was
made the occasion for the School's acknowledgment of the
admirable service rendered by its chief.
As a tribute of love and sympathy, a handsome tea and
coffee service from the teachers and scholars, and a bright
copper kettle from the servants, were presented to Janet
Pollard, for herself and her absent husband, by R. Percy
Reynolds, who had been first class master under Albert
Pollard for about seven years, and who had ever been
his loyal supporter in all his progressive endeavours. R. P.
Reynolds, who had come from his studies at Cambridge, spoke
of the characteristics of the late Headmaster, — his energy and
capacity, his thoughtful sermons, his Thursday addresses, the
vigour with which he urged scholastic attainment, the
ALBERT POLLARD, B.A. 167
thoroughness he instilled into games, and the exactitude he
insisted upon in every item of in or out of School work. All
these, he said, "had as their central and sole aim the building
up of character/'
Most feelingly let it be said, in reference to Janet Pollard,
whose interests had been so lovingly bound up in those of
her husband, that the memory of her many acts of spontaneous
kindness, the warm welcome she gave to all who came to the
School, her love for the children under her care, will long live
in the hearts of all those who have known her.
Albert Pollard, after striving to obtain relief on the Sussex
downs, removed to the high pure air above Aysgarth, in
Wensleydale, and finally retired to Grange-over-Sands, where
he died on the 9th of May, 1902. He was buried, at his own
request, in the Friends' Burial Ground in his native village of
Ackworth, near the School he loved so well, and there '* amid
the fitful sunshine and sudden shower *' of that spring after-
noon, were gathered round him a still, solemn circle of those
who held his memory dear.
WILLIAM EDWARD BROWN'S
ADMINISTRATION,
1901 TO THE PRESENT TIME.
T^ILLIAM EDWARD BROWN, B.A., and Edith Madeline
Brown entered upon their duties at the beginning of the
year 1901, as Headmaster of Penketh School, and Mistress of
the Family respectively.
William Edward Brown was born in 1863. He was a
scholar at Ackworth School 1873-8, and at Bootham School,
York, 1878-80 ; also a student at the Flounders Institute,
Ackworth. In 1894 he married Edith Madeline Collinson,
who was also an Ackworth scholar.
The members of the school staff in addition to the Head-
master, were Charles Brightwen Rowntree, B.A., William
Herbert Waite, M.A., and James Dudley, Masters ; Kate
Willmott, Governess ; Agnes Tennant and Mary Sophia
Wells, assistant teachers. During the year, John William
Proud, B.A., came on as First class Master, Lilian Pickard,
as First Mistress, and Henry Barton, B.A., for two terms as
assistant master.
On the 31st of ist mo., 1901, the School mustered forty-
eight boys (including four day pupils) and twenty-one girls.
The sonorous tones of a new school bell greeted the headmaster
on entering. This bell was accepted by the Committee , as a gift
from a Friend at Low Leighton, who was not favourably
impressed with the sound of the old one. Its weight is
eighty-eight pounds avoirdupois, yet in the opinion of most
WILLIAM EDWARD BROWN. B.A.
WILLIAM EDWARD BROWN, B.A. 169
its prevailing tone, when "ringing in" to school, possesses
no greater charm than that of its predecessor. Surely this
must have been the cause of its removal to the back of the
school buildings.
The Governess, Kate Wilmott, gave in her resignation at
the end of the first term ; this the Committee received with
much regret, and they recorded on minute their appreciation
of her long term of service which extended over a period of
eight years.
At the same time, Emily Wane resigned her position of
Matron. Great regret was felt on hqr leaving, in the recollec-
tion of her six years and a half of capable and faithful service.
Nine months later, that good old friend of the school, Charles
John Holmes, passed away on the loth of 2nd mo., 1902,
He loved the school to the last, for, though paralysed, he still
visited it in his bath chair. He had been connected with the
school officially for forty-five years ; its Treasurer nominally
till the close, and its Secretary for many years, in his earlier
days. His son, Charles Jackson Holmes, was appointed to
succeed him as Treasurer of the school. Charles John Holmes
left a sum of fifty pounds to the school he loved so well.
This was remarkable as being the only legacy for the past fifteen
years. The aggregate of all the school legacies amounts to
The stern spirit of separation, which was so marked a
feature, in the Friends' Schools a good half century ago,
that the girls* side in one of these wasstyled '' a terra incognita,"
had gradually, towards the beginning of this century, relaxed its
sway, and a more natural intermingling of boys and girls, as
in home life, was coming into vogue.
William E. Brown felt that the system of placing boys and
girls in the same class for lessons, and making an artificial
separation between them at other times, was wrong in prin-
ciple, and he strove to make a move in the direction of
breaking down the old barriers, and introducing a broader
170 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
system of co-education. He was one of the very first head-
masters, in this country, to allow boys and girls to sit
together for breakfast and tea, and to institute regular mixed
games of cricket and hockey. Boys and girls were now
placed on the same level as regards privileges and penalties.
Both were equally eligible for membership in the school
societies, and encouragement was given to associate together
more naturally in the school excursions, and at all suitable times.
One of the consequences of this change of policy was that the
name and station of " Governess," virtually disappeared, and
the teachers, on both sides of the school, became similarly
responsible to the headmaster.
Slight changes were made in the curriculum ; the boys took
chemistry, and the girls in its place physiology and botany, the
latter on the lines of outdoor observation. Euclid, once
considered so essential for mental training, was replaced
by a course of practical and theoretical geometry, on modern
lines. Sewing, in which, as an out-of-school pursuit, the
girls of Penketh excelled all other Friends' schools, at the time
of the Industrial Exhibitions, from 1878 to 1882, is now
taught as a class subject on the lines of ''The London
Institute for the Advancement of Plain Needlework.*' The
girls work by the Institute syllabus, their industry being
crowned with much of the old success in the exhibitions and
examinations.
The term *' Classes," which obtained from the commencement
of the school, was changed to the academic title of '' Forms,"
as is customary in most grammar and secondary schools.
It is thus made easy to compare the standard of attainment
at Penketh with that in similar institutions. Yet to old
boys the change has an element of confusion ; for the highest
''class" bears the same unit as the lowest "form." At
Penketh, there were at first four ** forms," but the first " form "
was merged into the second, and a fifth was added in 1905,
for the most advanced scholars.
WILLIAM EDWARD BROWN, B.A. I7I
A further change was made in the staff at the close of 1903,
in order to lessen the details of office work for the headmaster,
and liberate him for freer educational supervision, by the
creation of the post of secretary to the headmaster.
This post was assigned to Edith Swinburn Dixon at the
beginning of 1904.
. On the re-assembling in the beginning of 1902, the number
of the scholars was materially reduced, from sixty-nine in
1901 to fifty-four ; these were divided into thirty-eight boys
and sixteen girls. This serious decrease created some
anxiety in the minds of the authorities.
On the morning of this re-assembling, a very sad accident
befell one of the new boys and cast a gloom over the school.
This boy was brought to the institution by his father who,
returning shortly after, took his son with him to Sankey
Station. While the father's train was slowly leaving for War-
rington, the boy ran alongside it to the end of the platform,
where he essayed to cross the line behind the train, and was
caught by an express going to Liverpool, and instantly killed.
He was interred in the Friends' Burial Ground at Penketh.
The School Committee recorded on its minutes, during the
year 1902, the passing away of Albert Pollard, the late head-
master of Penketh, of Charles Barnard, the school's late sec-
retary, and of Samuel Whalley Davies, a trustee of the In-
stitution, and also one of its earliest scholars.
In 1902, the School Committee applied to the Board of Edu-
cation — established by the Act of 1899 — for recognition as a
school where students could qualify for purposes of registration
as secondary teachers ; one requirement being three years'
experience in such a school. The headmaster's report of the
condition of the school was forwarded to the Secretary of the
Board. In 3rd mo., 1903, a notice was received from the
Board stating that the school was thus recognised for three
years ; this period was extended for another term of three
years in 1906. But this recognition is quite another thing
14
172 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
from that " recognition " which enables a school to earn
Government grants.
In the ist mo. of 1903, the Committee had again under
anxious consideration the reduced numbers in the school,
and they felt it incumbent upon them, as the appointed
managers of the school, to bring the serious financial position
of the Institution before the proprietary Monthly Meetings of
Hardshaw East and West. They issued a circular in the form
of a report calling a special General Meeting to be held in the
Friends' Meeting House, Manchester, on the 3rd of 3rd mo.,
1903. In this report the Committee declared their prospects.
The year had closed with twelve fewer children than in 190 1 ;
that is fifty-six against sixty-eight, and as the loss was of those
unconnected with the Society of Friends and who, therefore,
paid the highest fees, there was a prospective diminution of
income of £420 in comparison with 1901. The year 1903
commenced with only fifty-two children, and the debit balance
at the bank, which stood at £447 at the end of 1900, had now
risen to £498.
The meeting had a choice of one of the following courses :
1. To continue to struggle on , with decreasing revenue , and
no corresponding reduction in expenditure, and to rely on the
funds of the proprietary Monthly Meetings.
2. To bring the equipment and buildings up to date, which
would require an outlay of at least £2,500.
3. The removal of the school to Southport, or some other
health resort, and the disposal of the Penketh property.
4. The discontinuance of the school altogether.
After a thorough discussion of these four propositions, the
judgment of the meeting was decidedly in favour of con-
tinuing the school, and laying out the sum of £3,000, to bring
the appointments abreast of modern requirements.
All this was embodied in a second circular, from the Penketh
School Committee, calling an adjourned special General
Meeting to be held in the Liverpool Meeting-house, on the
WILLIAM EDWARD BROWN, B.A. I73
22nd of 6th mo., 1903. This circular contained the following
agenda :
1 . That the improvements, authorised by the special General
Meeting at Manchester, should mainly consist of two new
dormitories, a laboratory, teachers' studies, and music rooms
according to the plan submitted.
2. To authorise the committee to arrange a loan of £3,000,
to be repaid over a period of years.
3. That the two Monthly Meetings imdertake the respon-
sibility for the repayment of the loan.
4. That the two Monthly Meetings be asked to recom-
mend that a sum of £400 per annum be contributed by the
Hardshaw Annual Meeting every year, in addition to the £100
from the Hardshaw Educational Committee.
5. A minute from Lancashire and Cheshire Quarterly
Meeting, inviting the Committee of Penketh School to con-
sider whether any steps can be taken, to extend the manage-
ment of the Institution to the whole of the Quarterly Meeting.
This adjourned meeting authorised the building of the new
wing, with alterations in the old part according to the plan,
at the estimated outlay of £3,000. It also recommended the
sum of £300, as a grant from the Hardshaw Annual Meeting, in
i ddition to the £100 from the Hardshaw Educational Committee.
The general design of the extension was to duplicate the
Jubilee Memorial building, and to obviate the inconvenience
of the approach to the Jubliee schoolrooms, by making a
corridor between the new and old wings, thus giving access to
•every schoolroom from it.
On the ground floor of the new wing, on the left hand going
irom the playroom, is a boys' day lavatory; next to it, a fine
spacious Masters' common room, and beyond an extensive
laboratory.
Upstairs is a well lighted dormitory containing thirty beds,
immediately over the laboratory, with a smaller one adjoining,
and one master's bed-sitting room.
174 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
In the old part of the school buildings a number of alterations
were made. Three boys' dormitories were cut off, in order to
make four rooms for music practice, and a special one for the
music mistress. A spacious landing and a new corridor
were made, to connect the new part with the old main building.
The narrow upstairs passage was widened, and, in so doing, a
section was taken ofi the front bedrooms. A thoroughfare now
runs circuitously all through the upstairs school buildings.
Besides these, one good sized dormitory and two small ones
have been made out of the old ones. The corridor on the
window side was incorporated with the museum, which forms,
with the enlargement, perhaps the most pleasant change of all.
It is lighted from both windows and skylight. Besides con-
taining cabinets of natural history specimens, it is used as a
reference library, and a reading room for young students.
The somewhat dark and unattractive boys* playroom, with
its iron pillars, was made more cheerful by opening two new
windows, in place of the small one looking into the boys* play-
ground ; and to the sloping arcade-like passage leading from
this playroom to the dining room, was given a new window
in place of the nailed up door, and a fine new bay on the side,
which adds greatly to its cheerfulness.
What was once the boot shed is gone forever, and boots are
now cleaned in the old changing room. Nor would scholars
of some years ago, easily recognise their wash room, in the
spacious new changing room to which it has given place.
A portion of the tumble-down range of outhouses at the
back has been cleared away, and by the kind gift of Wilfred
Irwin, of Manchester, part of the ground has been planted
with young trees ; moreover two rows of trees have been set
along the cinder path leading to the high road.
OPENING OF THE NEW WING.
The formal opening of the new building took place on the
25th of 3rd mo., 1905. This was a red letter day in the school's
WILLIAM EDWARD BROWN, B.A. I75
history. Invitations had been sent to every household in the
two proprietary Monthly Meetings. These brought a large
concourse of 250 friends and old scholars. Though this num-
ber fell short of the 400 on the Jubilee Day in 1884, Y^t the
outlay of £3,000 outweighed by three times the Jubilee in-
vestment, while the influential tone of the assembly, and the
potential and far reaching results for the cause of education,
mark the day as one of the greatest in the annals of the
school.
Alfred Bigland, of Birkenhead, presided over the ceremonial
meeting, and was supported by Vice-Chancellor Dale, of Liver-
pool University, John William Graham, M.A., of the Dalton
Hall, Manchester ; ^ Frederick Andrews, B.A., Headmaster of
Ackworth School ; Francis H. Brown, M.A., Principal of the
Flounders Institute, Leeds ; Charles E. Stansfield, M.A.,
Secretary of the Central Education Committee of the Society
of Friends ; J. Moore Murray, Director of Education, Warring-
ton ; W. H. Hewitt, Director of Technical Education, Liver-
pool ; Caroline C. Graveson, B.A., of Liverpool University ;
the members of the School Committee, and the Headmaster of
the School.
The speakers dwelt on the conditions under which
education was being organised ; the absolute necessity for a
lengthened course of instruction, the co-education of the
sexes, as a move in the right direction ; the exceptional
value attaching to the experience of a school like Penketh, and
the desirability of every child in the Society of Friends re-
ceiving a secondary education.
The treasurer of the School Committee, Charles Jackson
Holmes, J. P., expressed the pleasure the Committee felt in
seeing so many educationists, and friends of Penketh, present
on that great occasion. After tea the scholars most
pleasantly contributed their share to the day's proceedings by
a concert of music, recitation and song. Yet three more days
elapsed ere the celebration was brought to a close, by a
176 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
sumptuous tea, and a merry round of games among the
scholars.
The record of the founding of the Penketh Old Scholars'
Association Scholarships, on June i8th, 1904, should have a
place here chronologically, but as a full account is given of it
in the History of the Association, the reader is referred
to page 133.
The desire of the Penketh Committee was to make " Pre-
paratory Classes for intending pupil teachers " a strong feature
of the School, but when appHcation was made to the Director
of Education for the County Palatine of Lancaster, to be thus
recognised as a secondary school, at which the County Council
Scholarships for intending pupil teachers were tenable, the
reply was, that the Lancashire Education Committee had
decided that successful candidates for Junior Exhibitions
would be required to attend an approved Secondary Day
School, which was under public management. As this meant
a school earning grants under the Board of Education, it was
impossible that the application could be acceded to.
The question whether to apply to the Board of Education
for recognition, entitling Penketh School to earn government
grants, is still pending.
On the i8thof 9th month, 1905, Florence A. Wharton, B.A.^
of Liverpool University, entered Penketh School as First
Mistress. She was the first Penketh girl, with the one ex-
ception of Olive Octavia Hooper, to obtain a degree, and
she was also the first graduate mistress in the history of
Penketh School.
. Mention might appropriately be made here of the other
Penketh Scholars who have obtained degrees. Benjamin
Bower Le Tall is the first that is known. He was a scholar
1866-9, ^^^ ^^^^ ^is degree of B.A. in 1879, and M.A. in 1882.
George Follows (scholar 1880-1), won a Whitworth Scholar-
ship in 1895, graduated B.Sc. Victoria University, in June,.
1896, and obtained M.Sc. (Vict.), in June, 1899.
WILLIAM EDWARD BROWN, B.A. I77
John Edgar Smith, (scholar 1880-6), and afterwards
apprentice and master, won his B.Sc, 29th June, 1901.
Olive Octavia Hooper (scholar 1883-9), ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^
to be awarded a special scholarship on leaving Penketh in
1889, for two years, to enable her to go to the Mount School,
York. The Scholarship was raised from several sources
outside the School. She afterwards obtained a Liverpool
County Council Scholarship, which she held for the four years
1896-1900. She graduated B.Sc. in Victoria University, with
honours in Physics, and her M.Sc. was conferred by Liver-
pool University in 1904.
INSPECTION OF THE FRIENDS* BOARDING SCHOOLS BY THE
GOVERNMENT BOARD OF EDUCATION.
The origin of this important educational visitation is
mentioned in the *' Report of the Friends' Central Edu-
cation Committee," which also contained the Report of the
Inspection of Friends' Public Schools by the Board of
Education, drawn up by J. W. Headlam, and issued in 12th
month, 1905.
It may be explained that this Central Education Com-
mittee is one appointed by the Yearly Meeting of
Friends, of 1902, in place of the Central Education Board.
On the 6th of 2nd month, 1903, this Committee appointed
Charles Edward Stansfield, M.A., as secretary and Susanna
Emily Wells, B.A., as assistant secretary, and they com-
menced their services on the ist of 5th month, 1903.
The Report proceeds : — " The proposal for an independent
inquiry into the position of our Boarding Schools and the
best means of strengthening them and adapting them to
modern conditions, was made to the Central Education
Committee by Prof. Michael E. Sadler, of Victoria University,
Manchester.'* The following minute of the Committee of
4th of 3rd month, 1904, explains the aim and scope of the
enquiry which was then authorised.
178 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
Minute 7. " A proposal for a general inspection of our
Schools to be undertaken by one body of picked inspectors,
(by preference, inspectcwrs under the Board of Education),
and during the same school term, so far as possible, has been
brought before the executive.
" The Committee is impressed by the importance of the
question, and feels that it is essential that the director of the
inspection should have a full knowlege of the educational
history and ideals of the Society of Friends, and that his
report to the Central Education Committee should be general
and advisory in character, dealing with the relations of the
Schools to one another, and with their suitability to the needs
of their special constituencies, and the Society as a whole.'*
The Committees of the eleven Schools responded readily
to the request for their co-operation, and an interview was
arranged in 7th month, 1904, with the Hon. W. N. Bruce,
Assistant Secretary to the Board of Education for Secondary
Schools. As the Board had recently conducted inspections
of seven of the Schools, it was agreed that a full inspection of
the four remaining Schools should be carried out, and visits
paid to the others, so as to bring the information up to date.
A *' general advisory report *' to the Central Education
Committee was also promised, and J. W. Headlam, one of
the three staff-inspectors of the Board for Secondary Schools,
was designated as the most suitable director of the inquiry.
J. W. Headlam, assisted by Miss A. D. Crosby and other
inspectors, carried out the inspections and visits during the
autumn of 1904 and the spring of 1905, and his general report
was presented to the Committee at its meeting on the ist of
nth mo., 1905. The report of J. W. Headlam divided the
eleven Friends' Schools into three groups ; Rawdon, Penketh,
Ayton and Sibford one group ; Ackworth, Sidcot and Saffron
Walden another ; and Bootham, The Mount and Leighton
Park the third.
o
o
X
u
X
O
WILLIAM EDWARD BROWN, B.A. I79
Of the group in which Penketh falls, viz., that of Rawdon,
Penketh, Ayton, and Sibford, the report says: *' These Schools
were originally established, to meet a definite want in the
education of a class of children, who would otherwise have
been unprovided for, as they were not admissible to the first
set of Schools. This class has, however, owing to changes
in the general constitution of the Society, practically ceased
to exist as a separate class, and while their original duty is
therefore taken away from them, these Schools have not
succeeded in finding exactly what kind of work can be most
usefully assigned to them. The distinction, on which these
Schools were founded, has now become obsolete. Those
connected with the Society are now admitted to all the schools,
and are considered eligible for the benefits of the endowment,
i.e., they can be admitted at the lower rates.
*' The aim of schools of this type should be to send out
their pupils, able to read with clearness and intelligence, to
write with grammatical accuracy, and with a much larger
vocabulary and knowledge of English idiom, and the principles
of expression than is now usual in boys who leave school at
the age of fifteen, with some knowledge of such works of
literature as are suitable for their age, and especially with some
interest in, and affection for, books. They should be tho-
roughly trained in the use of simple tools, and in drawing,
which should be used also as a means for training the powers
of observation, and they should have an introduction to the
elements of physical laws, and the use of simple scientific
instruments ; lastly, they should have a thorough mathe-
matical training, besides a living and eager interest in Natural
History.''
The above suggestions are at the present time receiving
the very careful attention of all our School Committees.
The financial statement for the first five years of this
administration, ending the 31st December, 1905, is as
follows :
tSo history of penketh school.
i s. d.
"Subscriptions from Lancashire and Cheshire Quarteriy
Meeting . . . . 379 o o
Grants from the funds of the two Proprietary Monthly
Meetings . . . . . . . . . . 1,750 o o
•Grants from the Ditton and Frandley Estates . . 80 o o
Donations from private individuals . . .. .. 138 o o
;f2,347 o o
The amount which stood on loan, at the end of 1905, for the
new buildings and other improvements, together with one
year's interest, is £3,041.
THE PROPOSAL FOR WIDENING THE AREA OF THE MANAGEMENT
OF PENKETH SCHOOL TO THE WHOLE OF THE LANCASHIRE AND
CHESHIRE QUARTERLY MEETING.
It was stated, in the earlier part of this history that the
Committee of Penketh School, in the year 1848, had a
•conference with certain Friends, appointed by the Lancashire
and Cheshire Quarterly Meeting, relative to a minute of the
latter Meeting, respecting a widening of the borders of the two
proprietary Monthly Meetings, so as to embrace the whole of
the Quarterly Meeting. It was considered undesirable at
that time, to change the constitution of the school manage-
ment, or to transfer the property from the existing trustees.
This subject, left in abeyance for fifty-five years, was revived
again by the same Quarterly Meeting in 4th mo., 1903, when
it invited the Committee of Penketh School to consider
whether any steps could be taken to extend the manage-
ment of the Institution to the whole of the Quarterly
Meeting.
The consideration was postponed till 4th mo., 1905, when
the School Committee signified to the Quarterly Meeting that
they would be glad if the Quarterly Meeting could see its
WILLIAM EDWARD BROWN, B.A. l8l
way to invite each of the other Monthly Meetings, within
its borders, to appoint a representative to meet with the
Committee.
The proposal came before the Quarterly Meeting in 4th
mo., 1905, but it was not accepted.
The Quarterly Meeting therefore appointed a Committee
to confer with the School Committee, and the result of this
conference was the proposal — ** that the widening of the
interest in the school, by bringing the management more
before the membership of the Quarterly Meeting, was a move-
ment which would receive the cordial support of all those
interested in education. That the Trust Deed of 1838 gives
the Trustees the power to let the premises, by direction of
the General Meeting, and that this provision might be acted
upon, by the Trustees letting the school to themselves, less
one of their number, or with one other in addition, for a lease
of twenty-one years, with power to break, at seven or fourteen
years, and that the re-constituted General Meeting might be
composed of any Friends, within the limits of the Quarterly
Meeting of Lancashire and Cheshire. The Quarterly Meeting
accepted the Report, but after a considerable interchange
of views, the General Meeting of the school was not prepared
to come to any definite conclusion, and the further consider-
ation was adjourned to a Special General Meeting, to be
convened by the School Committee,
In accordance with this, the Penketh School Committee
called a special General Meeting, to be held in Manchester
on the 7th of 2nd mo., 1906, to consider the proposal of the
Quarterly Meeting, together with the Hardshaw Monthly
Meetings' appointed representatives.
The judgment of the Meeting was that responsibility
of management should harmonise with financial responsibility,
for however the Committee of Management was extended,
the financial responsibility would still remain with the two
Hardshaw Monthly Meetings.
l82 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
The Meeting therefore, after considerable discussion, did
not see its way to accept the proposition of the Quarterly
Meeting to lease the school as suggested by them. The
Meeting, however, thought that the management might be
than extended, by the Quarterly Meeting appointing not more
nine representatives other than those from Hardshaw East and
West Monthly Meetings, to meet with the School Committee,
and for all practical purposes, to become members of it.
From this date the nmnber of pupils began to increase,
and in the beginning of 1907 reached a figure higher than
any during the previous six years. The standard of attain-
ment also rose, and as an evidence of the thoroughness of
the work accomplished, it may be stated that an increasing
number of *' Honours '* have been obtained in the outside
examinations.
The Penketh Old Scholars' Association Continuation Scholar-
ships have helped very materially to stimulate perseverance
amongst those in the highest form ; and the retaining in the
institution for an additional year, pupils of good moral
influence, has been to a considerable extent the means of
infusing a healthy and loyal tone into the whole School.
Another encouraging sign is, that the Committee of
Management, by the recent widening of its representation
to the whole of Lancashire and Cheshire Quarterly Meeting,
has an increase in its membership by having a representative
from all the Monthly Meetings, except one, within its area.
At no previous period of the School's history have there
been more children in the School who are members of the
Society of Friends, the proportion at the beginning of 1907
being of Friends 44 per cent., connected 31 per cent., and
unconnected 25 per cent. The total children admitted since
the conmiencement in 1834 is 1,711.
To forecast the future of the School, even though the
equipment has been brought up to a modern standard, would
be a difficult task.
WILLIAM EDWARD BROWN, B.A. 183
The Central Education Committee of the Society of Friends
aims at classifying and co-ordinating the Schools under its
jurisdiction. It is by no means certain into which category
Penketh will fall.
But the value of an education at Penketh, beyond that
of supplying a well-grounded modern education, is the
Quaker influence, both social and religious, which has ever
been the strong characteristic of the Schools belonging to
the Society of Friends.
SUMMARY
OF
Subscriptions, Donations & Legacies^
TO
PENKETH SCHOOL,
From 1834 to 1906.
Hardshaw Estates
Annual Subscriptions
Special do.
Special Donations
Ordinary do.
Ditton Estate
Frandley Estate
Cheshire Monthly Meeting
Howard's Charity, London
Legacies
Loan for Buildings, 1906 -
£
S.
d.
10,580
10,642
642
4,222
990
176
183
127
25
1,589
29,176
3,000
;^32,I76
184
GEOLOGY OF THE PENKETH DISTRICT.
By Joseph Spence Hodgson.
T^HE Triassic group is put at the base of the Mesozoic,
or Secondary series, because the fossils show the
advent of the Mesozoic flora and fauna.
The old name of New Red Sandstone is familiarly retained.
These rocks consist for the most part of bright red sandstones,
clays and marls, with layers, nodules, or veinings of gypsum,,
beds of rocksalt, bands and massive beds of limestone, often^
dolomite.
The flora of the Triassic period consisted mainly of ferns,,
equisetums, conifers and cycads ; so typical are the latter,
that the Mesozoic formations have been classed as belonging
to the " Age of Cycads."
The fauna is represented by Deinosaurs, that walked
mainly on their strong hind legs, the prints of their hind
feet being found : many had three bird-like toes, and left
footprints quite like those of birds ; others had four or five
toes and attained an enormous size, a single footprint measur-
ing twenty inches.
In Britain, these rocks occupy a large area of the low
plains in the centre of England, thence northward, along the
flanks of the Carboniferous tracts, to Morecambe Bay, and
southward, by the head of the Bristol Channel to the south-
east of Devonshire.
185
15
l86 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
FORMATION.
Rhaetic . . Penarth beds. Red, green and grey
marl, etc.
Upper Trias or New Red Marl. Red and grey shales and
Keuper . . marls, with beds of rocksalt and gypsum.
Lower Keuper Sandstone, thinly lamin-
ated micaceous sandstones and marls, etc.
Middle . . Doubtfully present in England.
Lower Trias or Upper mottled sandstone.
Bunter . . Pebble beds. Harder reddish-brown
sandstones.
Lower mottled sandstone.
These sandstones and marls are almost barren of organic
remains : the conditions for animal life were so extremely
unfavourable.
Such an association of materials points to isolated basins
of deposit or inland lakes, to which the sea found occasional
access, and in which the water underwent concentration,
until its gypsum and salt were thrown down. In Cheshire,
the salt occurs in two main beds, of which the lower is some-
times one hundred feet thick.
The lower Trias or Bunter, lies on the north side of the
Mersey, from Liverpool to Penketh, Warrington, Manchester
and Stockport, and on the south of the river lies the upper
Trias, where are the great salt producing beds of Cheshire.
The Mersey, west of Runcorn Gap, expands into an estuary
three miles in breadth, opposite Ince ; the bed of the estuary
is for the most part dry at low water, with the exception of
the river channels ; the rise and fall of the spring tides at
Liverpool is thirty-six feet.
The region south of the Mersey is the most hilly ; the
broken ridges above Frodsham, Runcorn and Warrington
form the northernmost spurs of a range of Triassic hills,
which may be traced continuously southward to Malpas in
Cheshire. This range marks the junction of the Bunter
GEOLOGY OF THE PENKETH DISTRICT. 187
and Keuper formations, and embraces the escarpments of
Delamere Forest and Peckforton. On the north side of the
Mersey, the land rises gradually from the water's edge, and
towards Woolton, Wavertree and West Derby, Knowsley,
RainhiU and St. Helens, forms hills of an average elevation
of 260 feet.
The observations that have been taken from borings, made
to great depths, through the glacial drifts, between Birkenhead
and Runcorn, and during excavations for the Manchester
Ship Canal, prove that the old valley of the Mersey had a
far greater depth, — ^as much even as 650 feet in many places
— ^than at present, the trough being filled up with nearly 200
feet of glacial drift, the surface of which is but little above
high water mark. From borings and wells, made at various
points along the banks of the Mersey, between Warrington
and New Brighton, it appears that this river runs over an
old pre-glacial valley, now filled up with Glacial Drift deposits ;
that the centre of this old depression lies north of the present
river at Runcorn, so that the river ran through part of Widnes,
on the Lancashire side, instead of through Runcorn Gap,
and down through Liverpool, as at present. The borings
near Ormskirk showed the existence of a great valley, sunk
over 400 feet below the level of the sea, now filled up with
drift, and that the old Mersey made its way in the direction
of St. Helens and Ormskirk, ultimately arriving at the sea
some distance to the North of Liverpool, at a point that
remains to be discovered.
The old bed of the river is 115 feet below the Ordnance
datum line at its deepest part, 87 feet at Warrington Bridge,
and 100 feet below it at Sankey Bridge. Westward of Widnes,
at Huyton, the rock surface was reached, at 65 feet below the
Ordnance datum, but at Tranmere 44 feet, Canada Dock 44
feet, and Garston Dock 5J feet.
From the borings, it would appear that the surf ace. of the
rock vallev is lower near Widnes, than at Birkenhead near the
l88 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
sea. It is believed that the river terrace of the valley of the
Mersey, and Irwell, from Didsbury, and Manchester, westward
to near Warrington, and from Altrincham to Eccles, has been
formed when the land stood lower than at present, and the
rains during floods, covered a far wider area than they do now.
The Mersey has a drainage of 885 square miles.
In the glacial period, the material, brought down by the
ice buried hill and valley, and so changed the face of the
country. Remains discovered at Crewe, and elsewhere, showed
that in the pre-glacial age, elephants, and a whole group of
wild animals, roamed the Lancashire and Cheshire plains.
With the severe cold of the glacial period, the animals began
to disappear, and the work of destruction was completed by
the glacial seas sweeping over the land, carrying deposits of
gravel and clay, and bringing about the almost dead-level
surface of the Lancashire and Cheshire of to-day.
PENKETH ORNITHOLOGY.
By James Arthur Jackson, of Warrington.
T^HE district round Penketh is not specially favourable
for a large number of different species of birds, as the
country is not much wooded and is rather flat.
What trees there are have suffered from the proximity
to Widnes and its chemical fumes, although less than those
on the other side of the Mersey, about Norton Priory, and
Halton Castle, which forms so conspicuous a landmark across
the river.
The bird, which struck me as specially abundant when
first I became acquainted with the district, was the Skylark,
which is still very numerous, and as soon as fine days come in
February, it greets us with its song. At first it seems unde-
cided and sings without mounting up very high, but, by the
beginning of March, it is usually in full song, if the weather
be at all favourable.
Cuerdley Marsh, by the riverside, near Fiddler's Ferry
Station, is a very interesting place for birds. Large flocks of
Lapwings congregate there in the autumn and winter : several
species of Seagulls come up the river, and also some Wild
Duck.
Snipe in winter, Sandpipers in sununer, frequent the ditches
and pools, and I have seen a Snow Bunting, which was killed
there some years ago.
189
igO HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
I am told that the number of Wild Fowl coming up the
river has very much decreased, since the Bridge at Runcorn
was built ; no doubt it acts as a barrier to birds following
the course of the river.
Sea Starwort, and other shore plants, may be found in the
ditches on the Marsh, and the young Rooks, as soon as they
get well on the wing, venture across from the rookery at
Norton Priory, to feed on these.
A little further down the river, at Hale, there is still one
of the few remaining working Decoys for Wild Duck, some very
interesting particulars of which are given in Mitchell's *' Birds
of Lancashire.'*
There are a few country lanes left about Sankey, where
the hedge bottoms are not kept trim and clean, so that there
is a chance of finding the nests of Whitethroats, Sedge-
warblers and Yellow-Hammers in the bushes.
Water Hens are abundant and frequent all the ponds,
which are numerous in the district, and I have often noticed
Kingfishers, ^ying across the fields from one pond to another.
I give, below, a list of birds which are likely to come under
the notice of anyone looking for them. Most of them I have
seen myself, and there are many others, which may show
themselves to a person resident in the locality.
Missel Thrush Bullfinch
Thrush Reed Bunting
Redwing Yellow Hammer
Fieldfare Snow Bunting
Blackbird Starling
Whinchat Magpie
Robin Jackdaw
Whitethroat Rook
Golden Crest Skylark
Willow Wren Swift
Wheatear Green Woodpecker
Sedge Warbler Kingfisher
Hedge Sparrow Cuckoo
Long-tailed Titmouse Barn Owl
PENKETH ORNITHOLOGY.
191
Great Titmouse
Cole Titmouse
Blue Titmouse
Wren
Pied Wagtail
Yellow Wagtail
Grey Wagtail
Meadow Pipit
Tree Pipit
Spotted Flycatcher
Swallow
Martin
Sand Martin
Greenfinch
Sparrow
Tree Sparrow
Chaffinch
Linnet
Sparrow Hawk
Kestrel
Heron
Bittern
Wild Duck
Teal
Woodpigeon
Pheasant
Partridge
Land Rail
Moor Hen
Lapwing
Snipe
Jack Snipe
Sandpiper
Curlew
Common Tern
Black-headed Gull
Note. — ^The following is a list of birds, not given by J. A.
Jackson, but seen in the wider area of twelve miles radius of
Penketh School, by members of the Penketh Boys' Field Club,
1 89 1, their total being eighty-six, in May of that year.
Tawny Owl
Lesser Redpole
Hawfinch
Goldfinch
Brambling
Siskin
Marsh Tit
Redstart
Chiffchaff
Blackcap
Lesser Whitethroat
Stonechat
Crow
Hooded Crow
Jay
Grouse
Golden Plover
Dunlin
Redshank
Wild Goose
Great Black-backed Gull
Common Gull
Kittiwake
Herring Gull
NOTES ON THE FLORA OF THE
DISTRICT.
By Joseph Thomas Gumersall.
A T the time that the school was estabhshed, no inGon-
siderable portion of the township of Penketh consisted
of a large, unenclosed common, called Greystone Heath.
To the north and west of this lay the agricultural tracts of
Sankey, Burtonwood, and Bold, all of which were, at one
time, fairly wooded.
To the south-west of the village, after crossing the Mersey
at a point known as Fiddler's Ferry, there extended for miles
what went by the name of Cuerdley Marshes.
In the early sixties, all these sections were worked botani-
cally by John Peers and William Davenport : the former
contributed to the *' Phytologist " a *' List of the less common
plants found about Warrington."
In this list, for the Heathland, amongst others, occur the
Petty Whin, Water Purslane, Marsh Gentian, Bog Pimpernel,
Flea, Starheaded and Greenribbed Sedges.
For the Woodland, the small upright St. John's Wort,
Common Rest Harrow, Field Bindweed, Wood Clubrush,
and the Meadow Barley.
From the marshes, are reported the Enchanter's Nightshade,
Sea Milkwort, Sea Plantain, Thrift, and Horned Pondweed.
In addition to these, William Davenport mentions the two
Heaths (tetralix and cinerea), as occurring on the common.
Polypody and Hardfern on the sides of the Liverpool Road
192
NOTES ON THE FLORA OF THE DISTRICT. I93
in Sankey, the Hart's Tongue in Meeting Lane, the Adder's
Tongue on the Mersey Dykes, between Fiddler's Ferry and
Warrington, the Prickley Shield Fern (aspidium aculeatum),
in Burtonwood, and the Oak Fern near Lymm.
The writer of this paper was unacquainted with the Penketh
neighbourhood, until some time after the whole aspect of the
country had been altered by the noxious emanations from
the chemical works at Warrington, Widnes and St. Helens.
He is, however, of opinion, although neither a botanist nor
a geologist, that the district was never very prolific in its
flora, the absence of lime and the prevalence of clay being a
sufficient explanation of the comparative dearth of flowering
plants.
Of the thirty-one typical spring flowers, the first appearing
of which was recorded for so many years in the Floral Calendar
of the Matured History Journal, twenty-one were as common
at Penketh as elsewhere ; five, viz., the Anemone, Sloe, Crab,
Ground Ivy, and Greater Stitchwort were but sparsely dis-
tributed ; whilst five others, viz. ; the Primrose, Sweet
Violet, Cowslip, Purple and Spotted Orchis were practically
non-existent, — a fact, no doubt, accounted for by the absence
of old laid meadow lands. The tendency to fill up ditches,
and to clear hedgebacks had the effect of exterminating, or
considerably reducing the number of several species ; yet in
spite of this, the pretty little Moschatel continued to appear,
each spring, near Farnworth, at which place there grew also,
in profusion, masses of the large white Bindweed. On the
boggy wastelands might be found the Woody Nightshade,
Marsh Valerian, Horsemint, and Greater Skullcap. In
Burtonwood, the Green Habernaria occurred, and, round
Winwick, the Harebell was fairly plentiful. Fifty-three
different species of plants were found growing on Ciierdley
Marshes, during a ramble there, on a day in 1887. Amongst
them may be mentioned Thrift, Teasel, and the Greater
Spearwort.
194 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
Just over the Bridgwater Canal from Cuerdley, before the
Ship Canal was cut, there was a coppice, which, in spring,
was one mass of Hyacinths and Dog's Mercury. The bright
green leaves and scarlet berries of the Black Bryony adorned
the hedges on the Bold Estate in autumn, and the Heartsease
spread its tricolor gaily over Risley Moss.
Stray patches of.Crosswort [G.saxatile), Ling, Gorse, Eye-
bright and Milkwort remained to tell of the once extensive
Penketh Heath, now, unhappily, no longer the common-land
of the villagers, but enclosed, and given to those who akeady
possessed large private properties.
Five species of ferns remained at this time (1890) ; these
were the Male Fern, Lady Fern, Broad Prickly Shield Fern,
Bracken and Common Polypody, — the last named having
become very scarce.
In the year 1886, William Davenport presented to the
school his collection of pressed plants, gathered in the neigh-
bourhood of Warrington, 130 species in all.
These, in 1888, James Woolman remounted, on uniform
sized sheets of stiff white paper, and altered the nomenclature,
from the Linnaean, to the Natural system. He, and others,
added to the collection, plants from the district and elsewhere,
so that by 1890, a herbarium of about 430 species was lodged
in one of the Museum cabinets, and a further record of the
same secured, by placing, in the Library copy of Bentham's
'' Flora," a cross opposite the plate of each plant which had
now found a home in the new herbarium.
An additional distinguishing mark, in the same volume,
shows that, during the years 1890 to 1893, about 170 species
of plants were noticed, as flowering in the immediate vicinity
of the school, a number which, no doubt, might have been
largely added to, if the record had been persevered with during
succeeding years.
BUTTERFLIES, MOTHS AND BEETLES,
OF THE PENKETH DLSTRICT.
By John Edgar Smith, B.Sc, and Joseph T. Gumersall.
/^F the Lepidoptera of the Penketh district, the Moths
were more abundant, relatively to the number of
species, than the Butterflies.
Of the latter, about thirteen species were fairly common.
The Clouded Yellow, intermittently appearing, was always
specially noted.
In addition to the Whites, we took the Red Admiral, Painted
Lady, Silver-washed Fritillary, Meadow Browns, Common
Blue, and Small Copper.
Peacocks frequented the school garden in considerable
numbers.
Of the moths, our greatest finds were of the order Sphingidce,
or Hawk Moths. We possessed the Death's Head, Convol-
vulus, Elephant, Eyed, Poplar, and Hummingbird Hawk
Moths, all of which were taken on the school premises.
The Oak Eggar swarmed in the young plantations round
Burtonwood, and the '* Old Lady " was frequently captured
in the garden, by '* sugaring."
The Puss, Swallow-tail, Tiger, and Plume Moths were also
common.
Further afield, on Chat-moss, the Emperor Moth abounded.
At one time, the school collection contained 350 specimens
of Lepidoptera, which were, unfortunately, destroyed by
mice.
195
196 HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
Beetle collecting flourished at Penketh during the old
Field Club days, in the nineties, *' beating " and " sweeping "
being more productive than '* sugaring " for moths.
At one School Natural History Exhibition, 526 specimens
were shown ; this probably, marked the Penketh maximum.
The commonest orders represented in the above were : —
Dyticidce and Gyrinidce (Whirligigs), which were very frequent
in most of the ponds.
Cicindelida (Tiger Beetles) were found in Cheshire ; Rhyn-
chophora (Weevils), in all the hedges ; Coccinellidce (Ladybirds),
Elaterida (Click Beetles), Melolonthida (Chafers), Geotrupidce
(Carrion Beetles) were common. ,
Old Field Club members will doubtless be familiar with
Anchomenus, Carabus, Laccophilus, Agabus, Necrodes, Ilybius,
Colymbetes, Silpha, etc., names which may awaken recollec-
tions of famous meetings in the Museum, and jolly excursions
in the farmer's cart, even if the shafts did, occasionally,
break !
Teachers and Officers
OF
PENKETH SCHOOL.
1834 TO 1907.
Compiled from the Minute Books of
the School Committee, and by the aid
of correspondence. A sketch biography
is attached to most of the names.
BY
JOSEPH SPENCE HODGSON.
198
1834-1869
SUPERINTENDENTS.
ENTERED.
LEFT THE
OEFICE.
1834
1846
1847
1848
William Thistlethwaite. From a
School in Bainbridge, Wensleydale. Left in
1846 to be Master on Duty at Ackworth
School. In 1847 he opened a School at
Tulketh Hall near Preston, and was joined
by Dr. Satterthwaite, whose sister he married.
The two built Lindow Grove School, Wilms-
low, Cheshire. Died at Wilmslow in 1870,
aged fifty-seven.
William Groom, Master in charge of the
School.
William Groom appointed Superinten-
dent. Went out to New Zealand in 1858,
where he is now living. See p. 202.
Samuel Evens. Ackworth Scholar
1 801 -6, and followed on as apprentice till
181 3, and was a Master one year. Master at
Wigton School 1815 to 18 19. Bom 7th
4th mo., 1792. Died $td ist mo., 1878,
aged eighty-six.
1855
Frederick Richardson.
try 1829. Scholar at
1861
1863
Born at Coven-
Sibford and pupil
teacher. Flounders Institute two years.
Master at Mountmellick just before the separa-
ation of Boys and Girls. Married Sarah
Lamb, of Sibford, and came to Penketh.
Conducted a School for thirty-four years at
Lexden, Colchester. Died 28th 4th mo.,
1903, aged seventy-four.
Joshua Hopkins Davy, Ackworth Scholar,
1836-9. Married Jane Wood, of York.
Died 1882.
Samuel Evens. Second time.
1846
1847
1848
1855
1861
1863
1869
Frcn»
UV£B''°<>''
4-r
^- ', . o^'
'\ V-.v i.'A,>^ >'<f
1869-1907
199
ENTERED.
SUPERINTENDENTS.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
1869 James Turner. Penketh Scholar 1854-6,
Continued as apprentice until 1864. Master
till 1866. Went to Wigton School for one
year as Master. See pp. 202, 203, 207.
1886
1893
1901
Joseph Thomas Gumersall. Ayton
Scholar and Apprentice. At the Flounders
Institute and London University. At Ulster
Provincial School, Lisburn, as Master. Mar-
ried Louisa Linney, of Pontefract.
Albert Pollard, B.A. Born at Ack-
worth where his father was Master at the
School for fourteen years. Scholar at
Ackworth 187 1-6. Continued as apprentice
1878-82, was Master 1885-92. In 1888 he
married Jane Hallaway Wallis. He died
9th 5th mo., 1902.
William Edward Brown, B.A. Ack-
worth Scholar 1873-8, went on to Bootham
School, York, 1878-80. Junior Teacher at
Ackworth 1880-4. Student at the Flounders
Institute, Ackworth. Master at Paradise
House School, Stoke Newington, 1884-6, and
at Oliver's Mount School, Scarborough
1888-94. Married Edith Madeline Collinson
in 1894, and after keeping a private school
in Sheffield, they entered as heads of the
household at Penketh.
1886
1893
1900
In Office.
200
1846-1867
MASTERS.
ENTERED
1846
1844
1852
1853
1855
1857
1859
i860
1862
1864
1866
1866
1866
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
William Groom. Scholar at Penketh.
No. 2 boy on list, 1834-36 and 1838-40. Ap-
prentice till 1846, placed in charge of the
school on the retirement of William Thistle-
thwaite for nine months, and became full
Superintendent in 1847. See pp. 200-207.
John Thwaite Harker, for a short time.
Thomas Cartwright. Scholar No. 131
at Penketh 1841-5. Apprentice 1846-52.
See p. 207.
William Adair. Wigton Scholar 1841-4.
Louis Fry.
Walter Wade Willmott. Apprentice
at Penketh 1 8 5 1 -7 . Master for six months .
Joshua Fayle. A teacher for a time,
whilst staying in Penketh.
Charles Elcock. Scholar at Rawdon
School 1842-8. Teacher at Wigton School
1852-6.
George Creighton.
James Turner. Penketh Scholar 1854-6.
Apprentice till 1864. See pp. 201, 203, 205.
Arthur Driver. Temporary.
Thomas Leicester. Three weeks. Pen-
keth Scholar 1852-5.
Thomas Kilner Braithwaite. Appren-
tice at Ay ton School. Teacher at Wigton
School, 1 86 1 -3.
1847
1844
1853
1854
1857
1857
1859
1862
1863
1866
1866
1866
1867
1867-1891
201
ENTERED.
MASTERS.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
1867
James Turner. Teacher at Wigton,
1866-7. Returned to Penketh, married to
Hannah Evens, daughter of Samuel Evens,
Superintendent at Penketh. See pp. 201 , 202,
207.
1869
1873
Henry Crunden Sargent, for a fortnight
after his apprenticeship was out.
1873
1874
James Davidson. First class teacher.
From Borough Road School, London.
1874
•
187s
John T. Hughes.
1875
1875
Charles J. Crawshaw.
1876
1876
Matthew King Clark. Ayton Scholar
and Apprentice, also at Flounders Institute.
1882
1880
George English. Married Mary Mills,
who was a Penketh Scholar 187 1-5, and
apprentice 1875-82.
1882
1883
John Ambrose Spink.
1884
1883
William Thistlethwaite. Six months
Ackworth Scholar 1873-7. Apprentice at
Ayton School. At Flounders Institute.
1883
1883
Arthur Wood Foulkes. Became a
Clergyman of the Church of England.
1885
1885
John Ker Simpson.
1887
1886
Arthur William Dawes, B.A. Croydon
Scholar, Apprentice at Rawdon School. At
Flounders Institute.
1888
1887
James Woolman, B.A. Ackworth scholar
1 874-8 . Teacher at Wigton School 1 879-86.
Married Margaret Maud Williams, who was a
Penketh Scholar 1 883-90. Science Teacher at
Widnes Technical Schools. Master at Lis-
bum School from 1901 to the present time.
1890
; 1888
Frederick William Robinson. Ayton
Scholar and Apprentice. Ackworth Scholar
1882-3. Master at Ackworth School from
1892 to the present time.
189I
16
202
1890-1901
ENTERED.
MASTERS.
LEFT THE '
OFFICE. :
I 1890
1890
189I
1892
1892
1892
1896
1897
1898
1898
1898
1899
John Francis Hills, B.A.
Bootham, York.
Apprentice at
I George O'Brien, B.A. Ackworth scholar
1874-6. Apprentice at Lisbum School till
' 1 88 1. Went out under the auspices of the
F.F.M.A., as Master of the Friends' High
I School, Hoshangabad, India, which opened in
1892. Died 14th 4th mo., 1895.
i
George Frederick Linney, Junior.
Scholar at Saffron Walden and Bootham
Schools. Teacher at Wigton School 1 886-91 .
Afterwards teacher at Sidcot, Ayton and
Kendal Schools.
John Francis Hills, B.A., returned.
Richard Percy Reynolds. Ackworth
Scholar 1877-80. Apprentice at Saffron
Walden School. Master at Ackworth School,
1 890- 1. Took degree of B.A. at Cambridge.
Master at Ackworth from 1902 to the present
day.
John Edgar Smith. Penketh Scholar
1880-6. Apprentice, 1886-92. Master on
Duty 1892-3. Master 1893. Master at
Ackworth School, 1896-9. Took the Degree
of B.Sc. Married Beatrice CoUinson in
1902, and went out to the Friends' School,
Hobart, Tasmania, as Master in 1903, and
became Headmaster in the same year.
William Herbert Waite, M.A.
John Thomas Burgess. Ackworth
Scholar, 1886, and followed on as Appren-
tice from 1886-92.
William Frederick Fletcher, B.A.
Charles E. C. Kendle.
Edward Jenkins, B.A.
Charles Brightwen Rowntree, B.A.
Ackworth Scholar 1884-8. Became Master
at Saffron Walden School.
1 891
1 891
1896
1892
1899
1893
1901
1898
! 1899 t
1899
1899
1 901
1899-1907
203
ENTERED.
MASTERS.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
John Wellington Davies, M.A.
Edward Evans Whittingham Jones,
B.A.
James Dudley. Educated at the Brad-
ford Grammar SchooL Obtained his B.Sc.
degree.
Henry Barton, B.A.
John William Proud, B.A. Scholar
and apprentice at Ayton SchooL Came from
Ayton as temporary teacher to Penketh for
three months in 1891. See p. 206.
Ernest Perry.
James Dewhurst, B.Sc. Science Master
one year.
Joshua Maudsley, Scholar at Giggles-
wick SchooL Master at Chetham College.
Manchester.
Walter Thorpe. Scholar at Drax Gram-
mar School.
Peter Knowles. Temporarily for two
months.
Wilfred S. Stevens.
1900
1900
1902
1 901
1906
1902
1903
In Office.
In Office.
190S
In Office.
RESIDENT DRAWING MASTERS.
ENTERED.
LEF-T THE
OFFICE.
1864
1 1894
1
1
James Turner, trained under J. C.
Thompson
Richard Percy Reynolds. (Ablett
System.)
1885
1899
1840-1876
205
JUNIOR TEACHERS.
S"
FIRST STYLED APPRENTICES.
ENTERED.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
1840
William Groom. Penketh scholar 1834-6,
1838-40. See pp. 198, 200.
1846
1846
Thomas Cartwright. Penketh scholar
1841-5. See p. 202.
1852
I85I
Walter Wade Willmott. See p. 202.
1857
1854
John Maw. Penketh Scholar 1849-54.
Sent to Bootham School, York, for a year.
1855
1855
John Kaye. Two months.
1855
1858
Samuel Lunt. Penketh Scholar 1852-7.
Retired out of health and died in 186 1. A
copy of a glass photograph taken of him as a
boy in 1856 is in the Penketh Photo Record.
i860
1858
James Turner. Penketh Scholar 1854-6.
See pp. 201, 202, 203.
1864
1863
Henry Mills.
1864
1863
Robert Brearley Oddie. Penketh
Scholar, 1861-3. Teacher at Wigton School
1869-71. Master at Ackworth School
1872-5 and Master on Duty 1875-80.
Superintendent of Sibford Friends' School
from 1880 to 1906.
1869
1867
Henry Crunden Sargent. See Masters.
1873
1869
Samuel Ottiwell Wood. Penketh
Scholar 1867-9.
1870
1870
James Kershaw. Penketh Scholar
1868-70. Died 1 6th 7 mo., 1903.
1875
2o6
1872-1897
ENTERED.!
I
JUNIOR TEACHERS.
OFF'ICE.
1872 j George A. Casson. Temporarily. Ayton
1 Scholaf.
1874 I Thomas Little. Ackworth Scholar
I 1867-73. Went out as Teacher and became
Headmaster of, the Friends' School, Bru-
mana, Syria.
1876 ,
I
1878 I William Browett
1886
1890
1891
1891
1893
1894
1895
Henry Dean Williams. Penketh scholar
1873-4. Deceased.
1880 j George Henry Mills. Penketh Scholar
I 1873-80. Temporarily.
1881 I Arthur Ascroft Hilton. Penketh
I Scholar 1878-81 ; the first junior teacher
that was sent for a year to the Flounders
Institute.
John Edgar Smith. Penketh scholar
1880-6. Went on to the Flounders Insti-
tute. (See Masters.)
Walter Marwood Laurence.
Scholar 1887-90.
Penketh
John William Proud. Came as tem-
porary teacher from Ayton School for
three months. See p. 203.
Edgar Gerald Theobald, came at nine-
teen years of age from Bootham. Took his
degree of B.A. Went as a master to Saffron
Walden School where he took a chill and died.
He was a young man of great promise.
Thomas Youde, Junior. Penketh Scholar
1888-93.
Reginald Herbert Robson. Ackworth
Scholar 1888-92.
James Wood Darbyshire. Penketh
Scholar 1890-3. Ackworth Scholar 1894-5.
1873
1878
1877
1880
1881
1886
1892
1891
1891
1893
1894
1898
1897
1842-1887
207
GOVERNESSES.
CALLED FIRST MISTRESS AFTER 1901.
ENTERED.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
1842
Maria Written, previously Housekeeper.
Two months.
1842
1842
Elizabeth Oddie. Ackworth Scholar
1835-7.
1846
1846
Eliza Gowland, from Ayton School,
entered. 27th 12 mo., 1846. Girls' School
discontinued 15th 7 mo., 1847.
1847
1850
Hannah Evens, daughter of Samuel
Evens, on re-opening of Girls' School 8th mo.,
1850.
1855
1855
Mary Hannah Lamb, married James
Abbatt.
1859
1859
Jane Sadler. Afterwards Governess at
Sidcot and Fritchley Schools. See p. 213.
I861
1861
Anna Jane Davies.
1863
1863
Hannah Evens, returned with her father.
1867
1867
Mary Jane Hall. Wigton Scholar
1855-61 and Teacher 1861-6.
1872
1872
Jane Guy Braithwaite. Ayton Scholar
and Apprentice.
1887
208
1887-1907
ENTERED.
GOVERNESSES.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
1887
1888
1892
1893
1900
Sophia Moss. Mountmellick Scholar ;
Sidcot Teacher,
Isabella Farrand. Sibford Scholar. Ap-
prentice at Wigton 1879-85.
Jessie Wilson. Scholar at the Mount
School, York.
Kate Willmott. Ackworth Scholar
1878-83. Daughter of Walter Wade Wil-
mott, former apprentice and Master at
Penketh.
Anne Marten. (One term). Tempor-
ary Assistant.
1888 1
1892 1
1893
I9OI
t
1900
FIRST MISTRESS.
ENTERED.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
I9OI
1905
Lilian Pickard. Ackworth Scholar
1886-90, and Apprentice 1890-7, and Mis-
tress at Ackworth School for one year, 1897-8.
Florence Ann Wharton, B.A. Penketh
Scholar 1890-3. and apprentice 1893-9.
Obtained her degree at Liverpool University,
in 1905, and has the honour of being the first
teacher on the Girls' Side who has held a
degree.
I9OS
InOfl&ce.
1860-1889
209
GIRLS^ TEACHERS.
ENTERED.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
1850
Anne Drewry Evens.
1855
1859
Jane Abel.
l86l
1859
Emily Victoria Hanson. Left on ac-
count of ill-health.
1859
I861
Jane Davy. Wife of Joshua Hopkins
Davy.
1861
I861
Mary Morris. Free service.
I86I
1861
Frances Louisa Lockwood. Ackworth
Scholar 1850-3.
I861
1862
Betsy Parsonage, for a short time, at 8s.
a week in addition to her dinner.
1862
1863
Anne Drewry Evens, returned with
Samuel Evens. Died 1867.
1867
1863
Maria Mary Ward.
1863
1868
Frances Ann Fessant. Penketh Scholar
1864-8.
I87I
1878
Florence Helen Davis. Penketh
Scholar 1868-70; Apprentice 1871-8 ;
Teacher at Ackworth 1880-3, and 1884-93.
Married Joseph Neale, B.A.
1879
1879
Theresa Henrietta Brevetor.
1880
1889
Katharine Edna Wedmore.
1890
210
1891-1907
ENTERED.
GIRLS' TEACHERS.
LEFT THE 1 i
OFFICE. '
189I
1
Sarah Louisa Caulfeild, Ackworth
Scholar 1883-6. Apprentice, at Penketh
1887-91. Married Walter Monkhouse.
!
1892
1
1,
1892
Margaret Alice Hargreaves. Penketh
Scholar 1885-8 and Apprentice 1888-92.
1893 1
1;
1897
Edith Marian Grubb. Ackworth Scholar
1889-90.
1898 I
1898
Mary Sophia Wells. Ackworth Scholar
1888-93. Apprentice at Penketh, 1894-6.
1899 1
1899
Agnes Tennant. Rawdon Scholar.
Married James Dudley, B.Sc, 21 Dec, 1906.
1902 1
1
1899
Florence Ann Wharton. Penketh
Scholar 1890-3. Apprentice 1893-9. ^s-
tress for two terms. See page 210.
I
1900 [
1
i
ji
1902 ,[
1900
Mary Sophia Wells returned.
1902
Isabel Grubb.
1902
1902
Helen Andrews. Ackworth Scholar
1892-8.
1903
1904
Elizabeth Lucy Austral Williams. Sid-
cot Scholar.
1906 1
1907
Emma Sanders.
In Office.
I
1
'
1
SECRETARY TO THE HEAD-MASTER.
ENTERED.
1904
Edith Swinburn Dixon. Ackworth
Scholar 1894-9.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
In Office.
1865-1882
211
GIRLS' APPRENTICES.
1
i
ENTERED.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
1855
Jane Sadler. Wigton Scholar 1848-55.
1859
1861
Sarah Thistlethwaite. .
1862
, 1862
Mary Maria Ward, of East Retford.
1863
1868
Mary Ann Walmsley. Penketh Scholar
1 863-7 • Married David Wells Payne.
1868
187I
Florence Helen Davis. Penketh
Scholar 1868-70. (See Teachers.)
1878
1875
Mary Mills. Penketh Scholar 1871-5.
First apprentice to be sent to the Mount,
York, as a Trainee. Married George English
in 1883, Master at Penketh 1880-2.
1882
1877
Agnes Jane Oddie. Penketh Scholar
1874-6.
1877
1878
Alice Dilworth. Penketh Scholar
1875-7. I^ied, 1886, aged twenty-three.
1883
1880
Elizabeth Bragg. Penketh Scholar
1875-9, afterwards as Trainee at the Mount,
York, Married John Nainby.
. 1866
1882
Madeline Ethel Haworth. Penketh
Scholar 1879-82. Trainee at the Mount
School, York. Married Philip Rudolph
Rooker.
1888
1882
Edith Mary Kilner. Penketh Scholar
1877-82. Trainee at The Mount School,
York, two years. Married Charles Richard
Oddie.
1888
212
1887-1896
GIRLS' APPRENTICES.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
1887 Sarah Louisa Caulfeild. Ackworth
Scholar 1883-6. Marned Walter Monkhouse.
See p. 212.
1888 Margaret Alice Hargreaves. Penketh I
Scholar 1885-8. Trainee at The Mount \
School, York. I
Charlotte Ethel Smith. Penketh
Scholar 1884-90. Trainee at The Mount
School, York.
1892 Dora Harris. Saffron Walden Scholar.
Trainee at the Mount School, York.
1893 Florence Ann Wharton. Penketh
Scholar 1890-3. Trainee at The Mount
School, York, for two years. (See Mistresses.)
1894 Mary Sophia Wells. Ackworth Scholar
1888-93. (See Teachers.)
1891
1892
1897
1895
1899
1896
1834-1869
213
MATRON.
Matron — Office so called till 1846.
Housekeeper — ^Do. Do. 1869.
Mistress of the Family from 1869.
ENTERED.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
1834
Mary Airey.
1836
1836
Maria Whitten. Widow, came with her
daughter Maud 6J years old and son, Henry,
two years old, to stay in Institution.
1842
1842
Betsy Thistlethwaite, Sister of William
1846
Thistlethwaite, Superintendent.
HOUSEKEEPER.
ENTERED.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
1846
Sarah Hewitt.
1848
1848
Anne Evens. Wife of Samuel Evens.
Died.
1853
i 1853
Anne Hinde.
1855
1855
Sarah Richardson, wife of Frederick
Richardson.
1859
1
1859
Hannah Osmond, on retirement of Sarah
Richardson.
I861
1 861
Jane Davy, wife of Joshua Hopkins Davy.
1863
1863
Anne Hinde returns. Married John
Turner.
1869
214
1869-1907
'l
,1
MISTRESS OF THE FAMILY.
j ENTERED.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
1869
Hannah Evens Turner, daughter of
Samuel Evens and wife of James Turner.
1886
1886
Louisa Gumersall, nee Linney. Scholar
at Ackworth and The Mount, York. Wife of
Joseph Thomas Gumersall.
1893
1893
Jane Hallaway Pollard, nee Wallis,
wife of Albert PoUard, B.A.
1900
I9OI
Edith Madeline Brown, nee CoUinson.
Ackworth Scholar. Wife of WiUiam Edward
Brown, B.A.
InOfl&ce.
MATRON.
'1
ENTERED,
LEFT THE 1
OFFICE.
1S83
Susan Baillie.
1887
1887
Sarah Hicks.
1890
1890
Sarah Chapman.
1893
1894
Emily Wane.
I9OI
I9OI
Ada Amelia Nickalls.
1902 ,
1902
Sarah Lucy Gumersall.
1903
1903
Jessie Whitehead.
1907 |i
1907
Mary Maud Wallis.
In Office.'!
1887-1907
215
MUSIC TEACHERS.
ENTERED,
1887
1890
1897
1898
1903
1903
1903
1907
Alfred R. Sutton. Girls only taught.
Rev. Edward Moore. Boys as well as
girls taught on equal terms.
Isabel Gilchrist.
Edith Marion Grubb. One term of five
months while Isabel Gilchrist was away.
Ann Balkwill. Four months.
Lillian Gourley. One term.
Elizabeth Bentley. Scholar and
Teacher at Mountmellick Friends' School,
Ireland. Trainee at The Mount School,
York, for two years. Music Teacher at
Sidcot.
Mary Eliott Thorp. Temporary
Assistance. Ackworth Scholar 1895-9.
LEFT THE
OFFICE.
1890
1897
1902
1898
1903
1903
In Office
In Office.
17
SCHOLARS
OF
PENKETH SCHOOL.
1834 TO 1907.
Compiled and revised from the Official
Registers and placed under the divisions
of the ten Superintendencies, with the
date of entry and departure and place
of residence of each. In addition^ the
names of those the girls married have
been inserted so far as practicable.
BY
JOSEPH SPENCE HODGSON.
2l8
PENKETH
SCHOOL.
LIST OF SCHOLARS,
1834 — I
907.
WILLIAM THISTLETHWAITE'S
SUPERINTENDENCY.
1834-1835
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
I
Edward Barnes
Liverpool
1840
2
William Groom
(Apprentice 1840-6, Master 1846-7,
Superintendent 1847-8).
Chester
. 1836
1
' 3
Henry Tregilgas
Mold
1838
1 4
George Griffiths
Llangollen
1836
1 5
George Lonsdale
Leigh, Lancashire .
1836
6
Thomas Thompson
Manchester . .
1835
7
Hannah Thompson . .
Maaichester . .
1835
8
Isaac Seddon
Liverpool
1836
9
James Hodgson
Wigan
1838
lO
James Jopson
Manchester . .
1835
I
WilUam Hartley . .
Liverpool
1837
2
John Baines
1835
Bainbridge . .
1836
3
Thomas Ady
Manchester . .
1838
1 4
Sarah Wilton Ady . .
Manchester . .
1837
5
Agnes Atkinson
Liverpool
1839
6
Joseph Brocklehurst
Stockport
1836
7
James Walton
Manchester . .
1838
8
Ann Critchley
Liverpool
1837
9
Elizabeth Critchley. .
,,
1839
20
Eliza Barnes
,,
1837
I
Elizabeth Hartley . .
»»
1838
2
Elizabeth Capper . .
i»
1836
3
James Hope
Westhoughton
1838
1835-1838
219
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
24
Richard Leigh
Westhoughton
1838
5
Elizabeth Morris
1838
6
John Leadbeater . .
Warrington .
1840
7
Thomas Beale
Liverpool
1837
8
Margaret Clarke Hatton . .
Manchester .
1838
9
James Whitworth . .
»»
1836
30
Sarah Whitworth . .
»»
1837
I
Mary Whitworth . .
f>
1837
2
Sarah Wilcockson . .
>f
1836
3
Emery Haworth
Marsden
1836
1836
4
Elizabeth Fargie
Liverpool
1837
5
Elizabeth Turner . .
Manchester .
1837
6
John Beale
Liverpool
1838
7
Frederick Smith
Manchester .
1838
8
Samuel Whalley Davies . .
Liverpool
1840
9
William Thistlethwaite
Manchester .
1842
40
Lemuel Smith
>»
1837
I
Samuel Leadbeater . .
Warrington .
1842
1 2
Elizabeth Thompson
Manchester .
1837
3
Richard Alderson . .
Blackburn
1842
1 4
Ann Thistlethwaite
Manchester .
1842
5
WilUam Casterdine . .
Liverpool
1837
6
Thomas Webster . .
>>
1842
7
John Griffiths
Llangollen .
1842
8
1
Maria Whitten
Penketh
1844
1837
9
Jane Critchley
Liverpool
1840
50
Mary Ann White . .
Runcorn
1839
I
Joseph Airey
Liverpool
1840
2
John Harrison
Kendal
1841
3
Mary Ann Smith
Warrington .
1838
4
Robert L. Weaver . .
Kendal
1839
5
John Davies
Liverpool
1842 1
6
Thomas Turner
Manchester .
1839
7
Hannah Beale
Liverpool
1838
8
Sarah Sefton
Selby
1842 1
9
William Parkinson . .
Liverpool
1846
60
John Tregilgas
Mold
1842
I
Mary Hartley
Liverpool
1838
2
Charles Brocklehurst
Stockport .
1838
3
Rebecca Coad
Liverpool
1838
1838
4
Thomas Dunbabin . .
Manchester . .
1842
5
Mary Frances Coad . .
Liverpool
. 1839
1
220
1838-1840
No.
Name.
Residence.
Lbft.
^
Josephus Spence
Dewsbury . .
1840
7
Samuel Seed
Manchester . .
1839
8
Elizabeth Seed
(Married Beech Murray).
„
1842
9
William Davison
Holme, Yelland
1839
70
John Davison
„
1840
I
Samuel Allen
Manchester . .
1839 1
2
William Thompson . .
Shevington . .
1840 1:
3
Elizabeth Whitworth
Manchester . .
I84I
4
Mary Fargie
Liverpool
1840
5
Rachel Crosby-
Yelland
1840
6
Eliza Crosby-
i
184I
' 7
Thomas George Morris
Warrington . .
184I
8
Esther Lees
Liverpool
1839 ,
9
WUUam Rhodes Roberts . .
Dublin
1844 !
80
Thomas George Howell
Liverpool
1845
I
William Drinkwater Hyde. .
Manchester . .
1844
2
Hannah Vipont Spence
(Married — Mowbray and second,
Octavius Lamb, of Melbourne).
Dewsbury
1841
3
Margaret Hope
Westhoughton
1840
i 4
EUza Whitten
Penketh
1842
William Groom (re-admitted)
Chester
1840
1839
5
Thomas Lyon
Wigan
1844
6
Joseph Henry Seed . .
Manchester . .
1840
7
William Winter
Liverpool
1843
8
Harriet White
Runcorn
1842
9
Martha Sefton
Selby
1845
90
Matilda Robinson . .
Worcester (died at
School) . .
1843
I
.Alice Rothwell
Hyde
1840
2
John Hewitt
Liverpool
1845
3
Christopher Allen . .
Manchester . .
1842
4
Mary Davison
Holme, Yelland . .
1844 !
5
Margaret Davison . .
„
1845
6
Thomas Crosby
»»
1845
7
Mary Thompson
Manchester . .
1841
8
William Lecky Mason
County Carlow
1842
9
Martha Matton
Liverpool
1843
100
John Thompson Neale
Mountrath . .
1840
I
Edward Cross
1840
Liverpool
1844
2
Thomas Hey wood . .
Manchester . .
1846
3
Isabella Harrison . .
Kendal
1846
4
Ann Webster
Liverpool
1847
5
Clifton Parkinson . .
,,
1847 1
6
1
John Oddie
Manchester . .
1845 I
1840-1842
221
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
107
William Thompson . .
. Penketh
. 1844
8
Francis Roberts
. Dublin
1846
9
Sarah Heslop
. Liverpool
. 1840
no
Charles Matton
,, ...
• 1845
I
Charlotte Dickinson
,, . . .
1846
2
Margaret Dickinson
>>
• 1847
3
Whinfield Robinson
. Kendal
. 1844
4
Samuel Tregilgas
. Mold
. 1844
5
Mary Ann Tregilgais
»»
• 1847
6
Alfred Greenwood . .
. London
1842
7
John Thompson Walpole .
. Mountmellick
. 1841
8
EUzabeth Neale
,, ...
. 1841
9
Ellen Southall
1841
Manchester . .
• 1843
120
James Thompson . .
Shevington . .
. 1844
I
Margaret Winter . .
Liverpool
1846
2
Martha Kershaw . .
Blackburn . .
1842
3
Frederick Robinson
Worcester . .
1843
4
Jane Brocklehurst . .
Stockport . .
1842
5
Joseph W. Pearson . .
Morley
1843
6
Francis Smith
Doncaster . .
1843
7
Thomas Williams . .
Bagnalstown
1844
8
William Shannon . .
Edenderry . .
1846
9
Robert Henry Russell
Dublin
1845
130
Anna Martin
Manchester . .
1845
I
Thomas Cartwright
{Apprentice 1846-52).
Ashton
1845
2
John Lucas
Manchester . .
1848
3
Mary Ann Lucas
,,
1847
4
Anna Barnes
1842
Liverpool
1842
5
Eliza Davies
Liverpool
1845
6
Thomas Abraham . .
Manchester . .
1845
7
Ellen Thacker
Dubhn
1846
8
Robert Bragg
Manchester . .
1845
9
Sarah Ann Smith . .
Halifax
1844
140
Henry Clark
Manchester
1846
I
Caroline Boardman
Manchester
1844
2
William Boardman
„
1844
3
Sheldon Morris
It
1844
4
William Brocklehurst
Stockport
1843
5
Jane Webster
Liverpool
1847
6
John Walton
Manchester . .
1843
7
Eliza Chapman
Dublin
1844
8
John Brining
Chester
1849
9
Sophia Holme
Rochdale
1849
150
Cyrus Thompson . .
Penketh
1844
I
Mary Ann Oddie
Manchester . .
1846
2
Ellen Roberts .. ...
„
1845
222
1843-1845
No
NA&tB,
RESrpENCE.
Lett.
.1
1843
j
IS3
Jane Oddie
Manchester . .
'-l TS43
4
Prjscilla Johnson
Stockport
J 1S44
1 5
SaTnucl Martin
Manchester . .
-,' 1^47
6
Henr>r W hitten
Penketh
.1 1S46
7
Elizabeth Barnes , .
Liverpool
, 1 1845
3
Sarah Tre^^ilgas
Mold
■ 1^47
9
John Kirby Spencer
Bransby
.' 1846
t6o
William Henry Smith
Liverpool
. I 1 S46
I
Edward Charnley , .
Preston
1S46
t
Samuel Thomas Pearson .
1 Morley
. ; 1S45
3
James Doyle Penrose
Dublin
. 1 1S45
4
Thomas Greatliead
Manchester . ,
■ 1S45
S
William Brining
Chester
1850
6
Eliza Holme
Stockport
■ 1847
7
Benjamin Winter . .
Liverpool
iS4g
8
Elizabeth Wilson . .
Oldham
/ 1846
9
William Whitworth
.; Manchester , .
1849
Estlier Lees
1844
Rochdale
1S46
I
Sarah Ann Jones
Ruthin
1847
2
Robert Kekwick ThrelfalX
, Manchester . .
1S4S
3
W'illiam Lucas
pp
1B4S
4
Johnson Bromley . .
Barnsley
1 1S46
s
John Tliomas Astm
1 Huddcrsfield
1S47
; ^
Eli^a Emma Thompson
ISIanchestcr , *
1845 '
7
Penrose Chapman . .
Clonmel
1848 ,
3
Edward McClurc , .
Lisbum
1846 1
9
Annie E. McClure . .
n
1S45 '■
I So
Clement Porter
Rochdale
1847
I
Francis Hazeldine . .
1845
Liverpool
1848
1
2
Thomas Henry Frankland
Liverpool
T846 '
' 3
Edw^ard Garnett
1 Warrington
1846
4
Ellen Dawson
Preston
1846
5
Alfred Prie^tman . .
Warrington
1848
6
WilUain James Seed
Manchester , .
1848 1
7
Thomas Robinson . .
I Kendal
1850 I
8
Mary Martin
Manchester . .
1847 '
9
Francis Shannon . .
Edenderry . .
1846 ' J
190
Alfred James Hdl .,
Clonmel
1847 '
I
Thomas Henry Hill
11
1S47
z
Caroline Matilda Hill
1S46 '
3
Mary Whittcn
Penketh
1&46
4
Joseph Richard McKinnon
Egremont
1849
5
Edward Ashworth
Over Darwen
1849 I
'1
1845-1847
223
' No.
1
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1
: 196
William Gibson Hunter
Bradford
1846
7
Rhoda Stephens
Clontarf
1846
8
Rebecca Jellico
Carrick-on-Suir
1846
9
Elizabeth Ann Dell
Warrington . .
1847
200
John C. Morris
1846
Liverpool
1848
1
i I
Albert Stephens
Clontarf
1847
2
Margaret Oddie
Manchester . .
1848
3
George Ditchfield . .
Shap
1847
4
John Firth
London
1848
5
Thomas Dale
Morley
1847
William Thistlethwaite leaves, 30, vi., 1846,
WILLIAM GROOM placed in charge.
206
Harrison Smith
Woodside
1851
7
Alfred Poyser
Derby
1848
8
George Swindells . .
Hyde
1850
9
Eleanor Turner
Pemberton . .
1847
210
Benjamin Lees
Bacup
1848
I
Sydney Smith
Manchester . .
1848
2
Sarah Brocklehurst
1847
Stockport
1847
3
Nathaniel Walton . .
Manchester
1849
4
Thomas Lamb
London
1848
5
Mary Ann Brining . .
Chester
1847
1 6
Henry Dell
Warrington . .
1847
WILLIAM GROOM'S SUPERINTENDENCY.
217
Benjamin Hall
Oldham
1848
8
1
Martha Waddington
(Married William R. Moss, of
Bolton).
Warrington . .
1847
9
Colville Clark
Liverpool
1853
220
Thomas Threlfall . .
Manchester . .
1851
I
John Dickinson
Waterford . .
1848
2
Edward Roberts . .
Manchester . .
1849
3
Henry Waid
»» • •
1852
4
Nathaniel William Milbourne
Coole, Ireland
1849
5
Henry Brining
Chester
1851
6
Frederick William Follows
Warrington . .
1848
7
Charles Isherwood
Willington . .
1851
224
1848-1850
SAMUEL EVENS' SUPERINTENDENCY.
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1848
'
228
Joseph John Tregilgas
. Mold
. 1850
9
Alfred Wood
. Woodside
! 1853 ■
230
James Lindsay
. Brighouse
J 1850
I
William Brown Fletcher .
. Leigh, Lanes.
1849
2
Robert Hayward . .
. Liverpool
. 1851 ,.
3
Henry Carlton Halliday .
. Manchester . .
. 1854 li
4
Thomas Lees
. Bacup
I85I ;
5
Samuel Robinson . .
. Warrington . .
1852
6
Alfred Priestman . .
. Latchford
I85I
7
John Henry Williams
. Dudley
1849 .
8
James Shaw
. Preston
1850 ,
9
Richard Shaw
. ; .
I85I '
240
Thornhill Cooper . .
. Doncaster
I85I
I
William Oddie
1849
. Southport . .
185I
2
George Amos White
Rochdale
1852
3
Alfred White
,,
1854
4
Wilham Topper
,,
I85I
5
Edward Webster . .
Rock Ferry . .
1854
6
Allan Boardman Smith
Flixton
1853
7
Benjamin Mason Doyle .
Birkenhead . .
1854
8
John Maw . .
(Apprentice 1854-5).
1850
Manchester . .
1854
9
John Hopkinson . .
Manchester . .
1853 '
250
Joseph Nodal
»»
1853 ,
I
Martha Southan
»»
1854
2
Anne Thompson
Liverpool
1852
3
Mary Bryce
Manchester . .
185I '
4
Eliza Jane Boardman
,,
1854 ;
5
Mary Lees . .
Bacup
1852 /
6
Joseph Thompson . .
Manchester . .
1854
7
James Thompson . .
».
1854 ■
8
Mary Seed . .
Manchester . .
1854 1
9
James Cragg
Warrington . .
1853
260
Mary Hodgson
Lancaster
1852 „
I
Ann Hodgson
,,
1853 ';
2
Joseph Edge
Coalport
1852
3
Christopher Bradshaw
Manchester . .
1852
4
Sarah Brining
Chester
1853 1 •
5
1
Thomas Leadbeater
Warrington . .
1856
1
1850-1852
225
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
266
Robert William Kingsford
1
Long
Egremont
1853
7
Joseph Walter Phillips
Mold
1853
8
John Marsden Caldwell
Westhoughton
1854
9
Sarah Ann Kitching
Haverhill
1853
270
James Davies
1851
Bridge Hall, Bury . .
1853
I
Hannah Benson
Woolton
1854
2
EUzabeth Benson . .
(Married to George Webster).
„
1854
3
Emma Webster
Liverpool
1853
4
Lucy Ann Whitehead
West Derby..
1853
5
Frederic Clark
Liverpool
1855
6
Olave Binns (Boy) . .
Oldham
1852
7
Theophilus Hargrave
Burnley
1851
8
Nugent Hargrave . .
»>
1853
9
Francis Bennett Halliday . .
Manchester . .
1857
280
Catherine Thompson
Shevington . .
1853
I
John Seed
Manchester . .
1853
2
Joshua Wyatt Hayward . .
Liverpool
185s
3
Richard Griffiths . .
Llangollen . .
1855
4
Jane Porter
Rochdale
1852
5
Hannah Lees
Bacup
1852 i
6
Hannah Bradshaw . .
Manchester . .
1853
7
William Marsden . .
Rochdale
1855 i
8
Hannah Maria Waddington
(Married Alfred Pumphrey, of
Birmingham).
Warrington . .
1853
9
Mary Ann Smith . .
Southampton
1852
290
Eliza Jane Payne . .
Bolton
1854
I
Martha Smith
(Married James Hill Montgomery).
Liverpool
1854
2
Louisa Sharp
Manchester . .
1854
3
Benjamin Thomas Barton . .
Preston
1854
4
John Alexander Bevington
1852
Wavertree . .
1854
5
Francis Dell
Lower Walton
1854
6
John Wareing
Rochdale
1855
7
Joseph Corbett
Manchester . .
1854
8
William Handley . .
».
1854 1
9
Mary Holme
Stockport
1854 ,
300
Thomas Scott Lunt . .
Everton
1854
I
Ralph Neild
Manchester . .
1858
2
Edward Alfred Buck
,,
1854
3
John Edward Thompson . .
West Derby ! ! '.'.
1854
4
Samuel Lunt
(Apprentice, 1858-60).
Liverpool
1857
5
Alice Nodal
Manchester . .
1854
(Married Frank Harland, of Man-
chester).
226
1852-1854
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1
1 306
Agnes Hodgson
Lancaster
1853
i! 7
Lydia Moss Lunt . . . ;
Liverpool
1854
;' 8
Harriet P. Robinson
,,
1853
1' 9
William Clemesha . .
Preston
1854
;i 310
Annie Maria Clarke
Liverpool
1856
; I
Charles Leicester . .
Rock Ferry . .
1855
2
Thomas Leicester . .
,,
1855
3
Peter Hogarth Davies
Bridge Hall Mills,
nr. Bury . .
1854 •
1
1853
1
; 4
Anna Shannon
Manchester . .
1853
5
Elizabeth PhiUips . .
Hope nr. Mold
1855
6
Walter Gray
Hanley
1854
' 7
David Cragg
Appleton
1854
8
EUzabeth Edge
Nantwich
1855
1 9
1
Emma Davy
(Married Thomas Jenkiiison).
Derby
1855
' 320
Edwin Brown Davy
Derby
1855
\ I
Edwin Oddie
Rochdale
1854
'1 2
Harriet Oddie
,,
1856
3
Fanny M. Webster . .
Liverpool
1858
1' 4
Margaret Smith
>» • •
1855
r 5
Margaret Seed
(Married Joseph Goodier).
Manchester . .
1855
|: 6
Joseph Storrs Bevington . .
Llandudno . .
1858
1 7
Arthur Jewel Freeman
Manchester . .
1858
1 8
1
Lucy Ann Freeman . .
(Married John William Webster, of
Birmingham).
„
1856
9
Robert Sandiford . .
Liverpool
1856
330
Eliza Davies
Levenshulme
1855
' I
Frederick Wright . .
Manchester . .
1854
2
Edwin Hampson
,,
1856
3
Joseph Lunt
Liverpool
1858
! ^
1
Mary Ann Ventress
1854
Bilsdale, Yorks
1856
5
John Jackson
Manchester . .
1855
6
Wilham Benington . .
Llandudno . .
1854
7
Catherine Thompson
(Married to Thomas Richard Burley,
of Manchester).
Manchester . .
1857
8
Charles Doyle
Liverpool
1858
1 ^
James Smith
Rochdale
1856
1 340
Richard Laycock . .
Higginshaw, Oldham
1855 1
1 I
Anna Shannon
Enniscorthy
1855 '
2
EUsha Walton
Shelton
1855
3
Joseph Kelsall
Lancaster
1855
4
James Turner
(Apprentice. 1856-64. Master,
1864-66 and 1867-9. Superin-
tendent, 1869-86).
1856
1864-1866
227
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
345
Sarah Elizabeth Malver . .
Manchester . .
1857
6
John Southan
»» • • • •
i860
7
Francis Laycock
Higginshaw, Oldham
1857
8
Ellen Smith
(Married James Gill).
Liverpool
1857
9
Mary Smith
Egremont
1857
350
Samuel Fox
Dewsbury
1856
I
Rachel Lees
Hogshead
1856
2
M&ryjAnn Gifford . .
Calder Mount
1857
3
William Labrey
Manchester
1855
4
Thomas B. Halliday
Manchester . .
i860
5
Charles Swindells . .
Hyde
1856
6
Phoebe Sixsmith
Camew, Ireland
1855
7
Alfred Labrey
Manchester . .
1857
8
John Edward Labrey
»> • •
1857
9
Frederic PauU
Liverpool
1854
360
James Edward Thompson . .
Bootle
1855
I
Howard McClure . .
Lisbum
1859
2
Dorcas Sixsmith
Carnew, Ireland
1855
3
Isaac Cooke
1855
Penketh
1856
4
Maria Thistlethwaite
(Married Paul Leonhard Beel, of
Moscow).
Manchester . .
1857
5
Joseph John Thistlethwaite
Manchester . .
1859
6
John Pennington Trimmer , .
Poynton, nr. Stock-
port
1856
7
Joseph Lees
Hogshead, nr. Bacup
1859
8
David Oddie
Rochdale
1858
9
Thomas Chapman . .
Hill nr. Oldham ^ . .
1859
370
Emily Victoria Hanson
Littleborough
1858
FREDERICK RICHARDSON'S
SUPERINTENDENCY.
371
Emma Boardman . .
Manchester . .
i860
2
Martha Brook
Shawforth, Rochdale
1858
3
William Hadw^n Thompson
Preston Brook
1859
4
Isaac Hurst Green . .
Seaforth, Liverpool . .
1856
5
Joseph John Gill . .
Batley Carr . .
1856
6
John Handley
Manchester . .
1858
7
Charles Thompson . .
,, • .
1857
8
Rebecca Wrigley . .
Leek
1859
9
Sarah H. Doyle
Everton
1858
228
1866-1857
No.
Name.
Residence.
_ '1
Left.
1
1856
!
380
Margaret Handley . .
Narthwaite . .
. 1857 1'
I
Susannah MuUiner Darby-
Stretton
1857 '
shire
2
Silvanus Darbyshire
,, . .
. 1859 '
3
Joseph Mason
Liverpool
1857 ;
4
James Threlfall
Manchester . .
. 1859
5
AHce Walsh . . . .
Fleetwood . .
. i860 1
6
Sarah Walsh
...
. i860 !
7
Jane Ehzabeth Pearson . .
Holly HiU . .
1857
8
Charles Edward Pearson . .
,,
1857
9
Jane Southan
Manchester . .
i860 1
390
Charles Watts
Liverpool
1858
I
Elizabeth Oddie . .
Oldham
1857 i
2
Joseph Isherwood . .
Stockport . .
1859 ,;
3
Thomas Leicester . .
Everton
1858 1
4
James Marsh
Liverpool
1859 ,
5
William Waddington
Myerscough . .
1858 i
6
Frank Laurence . . . .
Liverpool
1859 .}
7
Cornelius Howard Fry
Higher Norwood .
1857 '1
8
Charles Edward Thompson
Manchester . .
1857 -
9
Elizabeth Davy
(Married John Henry Coates of
Loughborotigb).
Spondon, Derby
1858 ■
1
400
Joseph Fisher O'Brien
Birkenhead . .
1857
1
I
Samuel Douglass Lamb . .
Lisbum, Ireland
1858
2
Jane Smith
St. Petersburg
1861 1"
3
Sarah Martha Bevington . .
Llandudno . .
1857 .
4
Samuel George Moss
Dublin . . • _
1858 "j
5
John Rayner
Bostock
i860 '
6
Catherine Rayner . .
>»
1861 'i
(Married William Adams).
1
7
Joseph Hanson
Littleborough
i860
'
1857
II
8
George Davies
Ballytore
1858 ,
9
William Davies
,,
1859 1
410
Bridget Mason
Lancaster
, 1859
I
Oswald Worsdell . .
Crewe
i860
2
James Halliday
Manchester . .
1862
3
Ambrose Fielden Brook . .
Todmorden . .
1864
4
Thomas Kelsall
Lancaster
1858 1
5
George Calderbank
Bolton
1859 1
6
Wallace Greaves
Salf ord
i860 '
7
John Handley
Narthwaite . .
1859 '
8
Mary Douglas
Moira, Ireland
1859 1
9
Alice Dean
Manchester . .
• 1859 ,
(Married George WUIiams, of
Liverpool).
Peter Murray Davy
1
420
• • . .
1862
i I
1
Mary Ehzabeth Davy
(Married James S. Thompson, of
DuiTlfries).
. .
1861
2
Sarah Ellen Hanson
Todmorden . .
1862
1868-1869
229
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1868
423
Sophia Dawson Lynch
Dublin
i860
4
Paul Smith
Liverpool
i860
5
Charles Edwin Moss
Dublin
1861
6
Robert Jackson Moss
,,
1861
7
Henry Hopkinson . .
Manchester . .
1861
8
William Henry Buck
»» • •
i860
9
John Lawton
Mossley
1862
430
Samuel Newton
Todmorden . .
1864
I
Henry Lunt
Birkenhead . .
i860
2
William Rayner
Bostock
1864
3
Maria Louisa Douglas .
Moira, Ireland
i860
4
AmeUa Lees
Bacup
1861
5
Mary Elizabeth Kelsall . .
(Married , of Fritchley).
Lancaster
i860
6
William Graham Hall
Liverpool
1862
7
Margaret Cragg
Lancaster
1861
8
Mary Maria Cope . .
Macclesfield . .
1859
9
Rebecca Lynch
Dublin
1861
440
Louisa Lynch
(Married Auguste Grone, of Dublin).
.,
1861
I
Susan Goouch
(Married Joseph Fisher Alexander).
Waterford . .
1 861
2
Hannah Goouch
(Married James Irwin Coates, of
London).
1861
3
James Knowles
Bolton
i860
4
1
Joshua F. Doyle
1859
Liverpool
i860
5
George Wilson
Manchester . .
i860
6
Joseph Wilson
>>
1861
7
Esther Turner
,,
i860
8
Henry Thompson . .
Cooladine
1859
9
Joseph Morrison
Ballintore
i860
450
William Southan . .
Manchester . .
1862
I
Charles Smith
Liverpool
1862
2
William Marsh
,, . .
1862
3
Joseph Drewry Albright . .
,,
1862
4
Alfred Albright
,,
1864
5
Peter Cocker Fletcher
Leigh, Lancashire . .
1863
6
Stewart Thompson
Dublin
1862
7
Sydney Thompson . .
,,
1862
8
Jemima Susanna Tuke
Manchester . .
1862
9
Mary Augusta Phillips
near Mold
1862
460
John Morrison
Balhntore
1861
I
Charles Edward W. Dunn . .
Manchester . .
1861
2
John Denis Thompson
Dublin
1861
3
Benjamin Newton . .
Newton Heath
1863
4
James Edward Bishop
Salford
1862
5
John Walls
Liverpool
1864
230
1860-1861
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1860
466
Charles Frederick Bishop . .
Salford
i860
7
Matthew Oddie '. ,
Oldham
1865
8
EUen Kelly
Manchester . .
1862
' 9
Charles Edward Pennock . .
„
1862
470
Benjamin Bishop . .
Salford
1863
I
Richard Parker Brunt
Manchester . .
1863
2
Isabella Patley , .
Dublin
1862
3
Thomas Morrison . .
BalUntore
1 861
4
Selina Davy
(Married Ambrose Fielden Brook,
of Manchester. Scholar 1857-64).
Manchester . .
1862
5
Ann Southan
»»
1862
6
Martha Maria Thompson . .
Newton, nr. Daresby
1864
7
Abraham John Newbold . .
Wicklow
1862
8
Mary Ann Turner . .
(Married Joseph Park).
Manchester . .
1862
9
Alice Turner
,,
1862 .
480
Catherine Mary Davies
Studley
1862
I
Alfred King Stout . .
Mascow
1863
2
Hester Smith
1861
Charles Jackson Holmes
1867
(Day Scholar)
Penketh
3
Hulda Jane Doyle . .
Liverpool
1865
4
Alfred M. Dean
Manchester . .
1863
JOSHUA HOPKINS DAVY'S
SUPERINTENDENCY.
. 485
George William Appleby . .
Manchester . .
1 861
6
Edward Wallis
Scarborough
1862
7
Mary Thorpe
Manchester . .
1862
8
John Gerard Smith
Rochdale
1862
9
Hannah Smith
,, . .
1862
490
Joseph Bake
Leeds
1862
I
William Metcalfe . .
Liverpool
1864
2
Henry Binns
Salford
1862
3
Jeremiah Marsh
Liverpool
1865
4
Robert Brearley Oddie
(Apprentice, 1863-69).
Rochdale
1863
5
Jane Oddie
,, • • . .
1862
6
Betsey Turner
Stacksteads . .
1862
7
Henry Cooke
Liverpool
1863
8
Martha Ann Newton
(Married George Dixon, Junior, of
Todmorden
1864
Great Ay ton).
1861-1863
231
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
499
Henry Taylor (died at School)
Oldham
. 1861
500
Mary Katherine Taylor . .
,, ...
. 1863
I
Bishop Newton . . . . Manchester . .
. 1863
2
WiUiam Taylor
1862
. 1862
3
George Howarth Greaves . . Salf ord
. 1863
4
WiUiam Cowper Greaves . .
,,
. 1865
5
Mary Priestman
Gorton
. 1862
6
Thomas Hazlehurst Thomp- Newton, Preston
son 1 Brook
. 1866
7
Mary Josepha Allen . . Manchester . .
. 1863
8
Martin William Bake . . Birkenhead
. 1865
9
William Wilson . . . . Harpurhey . .
. 1865
510
Hannah TiU . . . . 1 Sandbach . .
. 1865
I
Frank Blayds . . . . ' Salford
., 1863
2
Sarah Annabella Greaves . . 1
. 1865
3
James Hargreaves Greaves 1 Preston
. 1863
4
Joseph Marriage Jesper . . Poolton
. 1863
5
Edwin Glaister . . . . Wavertree . .
. 1866
6
Sarah Jane Latimer . . , Manchester . .
., 1867
7
Robert Latimer
. 1867
8
James Walls . . . . Wavertree . .
1863
.1 1865
9
Hannah Fletcher . . . . ' Leigh
Married Joseph Timmins, of Leigh). |
.! 1865
1
520
Edward West (Day Scholar) Sankey
. 1866
I
James Seville Machin ..! S'^ockport
.1 1864
2
John Nunn Machin
.i 1868
3
Mary Blundell . . . . Southport . .
., 1866
4
Benjamin Bradbury Wilson Oldham
.1 1869
5
James WiUiam Wilson
. 1870
6
WilUam D. Albright . . Fleetwood . .
.1 1866
7
William Jamei Smith . . Liverpool
.' 1864
8
Jane Alexander . . . . Dubhn
.i 1866
9
Elizabeth Deamaly . . . . Hyde . .
., 1865
530
William Dearnaly . .
.! 1866
I
WiUiam Daniel DagnaU . . St. Helens . .
.; 1865
i 2
WiUiam Henry Moss . . Balbriggan . .
1
1864
SAMUEL EVENS'S SECOND
SUPERINTENDENCY.
533
John LaUement
Stockport
. 1864
4
WiUiam LaUement . .
,.
. 1866
5
Amelia Kelsall
(Married Kellatt).
Wyresdale . .
. 1864
18
332
1863-1865
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1
536
Mary Peaxson
Dukinfield . .
1864
7
Tom Turner Leather
Hyde
1866
8
Emily Watts
(Married Dr. John Hobson, of
Croydon).
Manchester . .
1865
9
Martha Lawton
Oldham
1866
540
Mary Ann Walmsley
(Married David Wells Payne, of
Bolton).
Ann Davies
Appleton
1867 '
1
I
Bessbrook . .
1864
2
Henry Rayner
Bostock
1869
3
James Hope
AspuU, Wigan
1866
4
Priscilla Brown
Westhoughton
1867
5
Alfred Morrell Dean
Manchester . .
1865
6
William Henry Dean
>» • •
1866
7
Lewis Allen
M
1866
8
William Henry Brunt
1864
f,
1868
9
Joseph William Glaister . .
Poolton
1868
550
John Pries tman
Gorton
1867
I
Maria Standing
(Married Joseph Welsby Barlow, of
Leigh).
Isaac Roberts
Leigh
1867
2
Ashton-on-Mersey . .
1868
3
James Owen Conway
Orrell Mount
1869
4
Charles Bethell
Latchford
1869
5
George Lallement . .
Stockport
1870
6
John Wood Lunt . .
Manchester . .
1865
7
Sophia Lallement . .
Stockport
i86s
8
Henry Thomas Wyatt
Liverpool
1869
9
Margaret Alice Carter
Preston
1866
560
Sarah Rebecca Albright . .
(Married Joseph Poole, of Ballybeg).
Bootle
1865
I
Alice Davies
Great Ayton
1866
2
William Henry Hanson
Blackburn . .
1864
3
Frances Ann Fessant
Rochdale
1868
4
Sarah Elizabeth Fessant . .
,,
1869
5
Annie Maria King . .
(Married — Pinnell, Tasmania).
Pendleton
1867
6
Mary Ward King . .
,,
1869
7
Henry David King . .
,,
1871
8
Margaret Walls
Wavertree . .
1867
9
John Walmsley
Appleton
1868
570
Sarah Ann Harlock (Day-
Scholar)
Penketh
1868
1865
I
James Myers Pontefract . .
Salford
1868
2
WiUiam Taylor
Oldham
1866
3
Francis James Evens
Southport
1868
1865-1867
233
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
574
Elizabeth Ann Fletcher . .
(Married Atkinson).
Leigh
1867
5
Alfred Benjamin Bake
Birkenhead . .
1867
6
Challacombe Watts
Manchester . .
1867
7
Ann Southan
• • • •
1866
8
Emma Leicester
Bolton
1869
9
Mary EUen Kelsall . .
(Married first,
second, Richardson).
Moorhead
1866
580
Elizabeth Hope
AspuU
1868
I
Silas Calderbank . .
Astley Bridge
1867
2
Henry Cooke
Liscard
1866
3
William Gornall . .
Darwen
1867
4
Sarah Jane Smith . .
Nantwich
1867
5
Alfred Gustavus Davy
Crumpsall
1866
6
Thomas Walls
Wavertree . .
1867
7
Mary Ellen Renison . .
Everton
1867
8
George Henry Priestman . .
Gorton
1869
9
Charles Priestman . .
,,
1869
590
William James Renison . .
1866
Everton
1868
. I
George Paull Cooke
Liverpool
1867
2
John Metcalfe
Longsight
1868
3
Mary Elizabeth Marsh
Liverpool
1868
4
Mary Jane O'Brien
,,
1867
5
Benjamin Bower LeTall . .
Handsworth . .
1869
6
Robert Griffiths
Crewe
1870
7
Samuel Lallement . .
Stockport
1870
8
Jane Kelsall
(Married Thomas Stewart, of
Sowerby).
Bilsborough . .
1867
9
Priscilla Evens
Southport . .
1869
600
Jane Walton
(Married Alfred Lees).
Oldham
1868
I
Rupert Henry Cumine
Southport . .
1868
2
Jane Lawton
Oldham
1868
3
Frederick Joseph Carson . .
Liverpool
1867
4
William Arthur Wood
,, . . . . 1
1869
5
Samuel George Albright . .
Bootle
1872
6
Francis Reginald Rowland
Robinson
Liverpool
1868
7
Ulrick Hubert John Robin-
son
Liverpool
1870
8
George Sykes
Birmingham
1869
9
I. W. Fessant
Rochdale
1872
610
Julia Florence Cumine
(Married William Bilsland Ross, of
Stepps, N.B.).
1867
Southport . .
1871
I
Ehza Annie Cumine
(Married Horace Dodson).
Southport
1868
2
Annie Albright
Bootle
1870
2 34
1867-1869
No.
Name.
613 Frederick Walmsley
4 Henry Smith
5 William Edward Smith
6 Joseph Kelsall
7 Charies James Clayton
8 WilUam Burton
9 John Fletcher Jackson
620 Charies Joseph Conway
1 Joseph Bariing Latimer
2 Emily Rachel Latimer
3 Martha Ann Cragg . .
4 Ann Elizabeth Renison
5 Alfred Newton
6 Rachel Newton
(Married R. Owen).
Mary Jane Eyles
Samuel Ottiwell Wood
(Apprentice, 1869-70).
Mary Rebecca Smith
(Married Joseph John Armitage,
Nottingham).
1868
630 Sarah Oddie
1 Joseph Walls
2 Jacob Taylor
3 Walter Taylor
4 Thomas Wright Fisher
5 Emma Jane Roberts
(Married William Youd).
6 Margaret Kelsall
7 Anna Maria Smith . .
(Married George Sykes, of Birming-
ham, Scholar, 1866-9).
Hubert Robert Renison
9 Thomas Jackson King
640 Frederick Carson . .
Florence Helen Davis
(Apprentice. 1871-8. Married
Joseph Neale, B.A., Ackworth
School).
2 James Kershaw
(Apprentice, 1872-3).
3 Lydia Mary Wood . .
1869
4 Annie Guest Moss . .
5 Joseph Kershaw
6 Walter Jackson
7 William Simmonds Skelton
8 Emma KelsaU
9 John Treffrey Coudray
650 John Fletcher
Residence.
Left.
Appleton
Rochdale
Bilsborough . .
Manchester . .
Padiham
Birkenhead . .
MaghuU, Ormskirk
Manchester . .
Preston
Liverpool
Northwich . .
Preston
Liverpool
Todmorden . .
Wavertree . .
Greenaires . .
Royton, Oldham
Cork
Penworthan
Bilsborough . .
Liverpool
Liverpool
Birkenhead . .
Liverpool
Reddish
Withington
Liverpool
Monton, Eccles
Withington
Birkenhead
Sheffield
Wyersdale
Macclesj&eld
Leigh
1868
1868
1867
1869
1873
1869
1872
1872
1871
.1 1870
1869
1872
1871
1872
1868
1869
1869
1870
1871
1869
1869
1869
1870
1870
1869
1873
1874
1869
1870
1870
1871
1871
1870
1872
1872
1870
1870
1870
1869-1870
235
JAMES TURNER'S SUPERINTENDENCY.
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
651
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
660
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
670
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
680
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
Mary Rayner
Mary Louisa Burton
(Married Thomas Kyle, Stranraer).
Alice Ann Preston . .
Frances Griffiths
(Married Charles Arthur Hale, of
Liverpool).
John Threlfall
George Washington Roberts
David Shepherd King
Frederick William Monks . .
Richard R. Burton
Ann Appleton
Maria Tatham Turner
(Married Frederick Thomas Schrei-
ber, of Oscala, Florida).
Theodore Slack
George Arthur Casson
Catherine Birrell
John Threlfall
Florence Davies
Elizabeth H. Walker
Roland Gamett
1870
MadeUne Monkhouse
Warwick Monkhouse
Mary Ann Dilworth
Alfred Gustavus Davy (2nd
time)
John Latimer
Samuel Skelton
Frederic Walter Roberts
John Oliver
Thomas Thistlethwaite
George Green
Elizabeth Eyles
George Henry Wood
John Frederick Jones
Florence Turner
Deborah Turner
Frederick Tuke
Catherine Griffiths . .
(Married John Woolrich, of Nant-
wich).
Mary Ehzabeth Hope
Constance Matthews
Bostock
1872
Manchester . .
1871
Fleetwood . .
1871
Crewe
1871
Manchester . .
1870
Chester
1873
Birkenhead . .
1875
Warrington . .
1871
Padiham
1874
Manchester . .
1874
Liverpool
1871
Southport . .
1870
Ulverstone . .
1870
,,
1870
Kendal
1871
Studley
1870
Manchester . .
1871
Southport
1875
London
1872
,,
1872
Southport . .
1871
Manchester . .
1871
1872
,,
1873
Chester
1878
Bolton
1873
Patricrof t
1873
•Warrington . .
1870
Preston
1871
Liverpool
1874
Manchester . .
1872
Stacksteads . .
1872
>» • • • •
1872
Eccles
1874
Crewe
1873
Warrington . .
1872
Manchester . .
1871
236
1870-1872
No.
Name.
Residence.
1
Left, jj
688
Florence Matthews . .
Manchester . .
•1 -- f
(Married Morris Wood, Bourne-
mouth).
Charles Marsden Fletcher. .
Ij
9
Leigh
1874 '
690
William John Rowe
Manchester . .
1871 1
I
Joshua Kelsall
Preston
1872 '
2
Benjamin Smith . .
Oldham
1874
3
Marion Wharton
Salford
1872 !■
4
Ida Zipporah King Farrar
Todmorden . .
1873 i;
5
Alfred Thomas Meade
1871
Newbridge, Ireland
r ^ II
I87I
6
Matthew H. Birkhead
Earlstown . .
I87I
7
Richard Minton
Manchester . .
1878
1 8
Sarah Abigail Machin
Stockport . .
1874
9
Archibald George Gilders . .
St. Osyth . .
I 72
700
Frederick William Thompson
Newton Heath
1875 1
I
Mary Elizabeth Williams . .
(Married Henry Keen, of London).
Manchester . .
1874
2
Annie WiUiams
,,
1877 '
3
Albert Elleman Moss
,,
1872
4
Amy Gamett
Southport . .
1874
5
John Hone Kincey . .
Oxton
1876
6
Charles Spence Brooke
Liverpool
1877
7
George Ellis
Southport . .
1873
8
Mary Elizabeth Doeg
(Married Adam Laing) .
Altrincham . .
1876
9
Thomas Alfred Wood
Liverpool
1876
710
John Henry McGill..
Waterloo
1874
I
Joseph Haigh, Jun. . .
Eccles
1876 ,
2
Rachel Roberts
(Married Robert Faragher).
Chester
1873
3
John Kilshaw Conway
Liverpool
1875
4
Joseph Mason Mills. .
Macclesfield
1877
5
Mary Mills . .
(Apprentice, 1875-82. Married
George English, of Manchester,
"
1875
a late Teacher).
6
George Washington Davies
Liverpool
1876
7
William Fletcher . .
Blackburn . .
^^7Z
8
Thomas Picton Dick
Warrington . ,
1874 ,
9
Samuel Edgar Skelton
Sheffield
1875
720
Charles Gilders
1872
St. Osyth . .
1873
I
Peter Walls
Liverpool
1873 '
2
WiUiam Henry Elcock
Birmingham
1873
3
Mary Emilie Kincey
Oxton
1876
4
Robert Lees
Shawforth . .
1874
5
Nathan Temple Davison . .
Hyde
1874
6
Margaret Williams . .
Manchester . .
1873
(Married George Crosland, Newton
Heath).
J
1872-1873
237
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
727
James Thompson . .
Manchester . .
1876
8
Thomas Conway
Liverpool
1877
9
William Sherman Metcalfe
Manchester . .
1877
730
William Henry Skellon
,,
1873
I
Edgar Fessant
Rochdale
1878
2
Jane Marshall
Manchester . .
1877
3
Ann Griffiths
(Married Henry Breary, of London).
Crewe
1876
4
Mary Turner Oliver
Bolton
1873
5
Mary Alice Williams
Ruthin
1877
Sarah Alice Roberts
Chester
(Married Alfred Bowker).
6
Eliza Emma Lawton
Oldham
1875
7
Hugh Lamb
Preston
1873
8
Elizabeth Ann Ellis
Southport . .
1874
9
Albert Thompson . .
Eccleston
1875
740
Walter Edward Jameson . .
Manchester . .
187^
I
Thomas Lees
Rochdale
1874
2
Bertha Jackson
Birkenhead
1875
3
Mary Frances Jackson
,,
1875
4
John Hope
AspuU
1875
5
Stephen Smith
Douglas, Isle of Man
1874
6
Robert Thompson . .
Wigan
1875
7
Annie Evelyn Whittaker . .
Oldham
1875
8
Robert Garnett Toulson . .
Penketh
1876
9
Robert Edward Garnett . .
,,
1876
750
Charles Gandy
,, • ■ . .
1875
I
Frederick Gandy . .
,,
1876
2
Henry Dean Williams
(Apprentice, 1876- 7)-
Manchester
1874
3
Bertha Kincey
Birkenhead . .
1877
4
George Henry Mills
(Apprentice, 1880- 1).
Macclesfield
1880
5
William Ernest Hodson . .
London
1874
6
John Ken worthy . .
Rochdale
1874
7
Frances Matilda Brotherton
(died at School) ..
Liverpool
1875
8
Sarah Williams
(Married Alfred Pennant Owen, of
Manchester).
Manchester . .
1877
9
Amelia Jane Garnett
(Married Charles Robinson Doeg,
of Carlisle).
Penketh
1876
760
Cecil Skelton
Sheffield
1876
I
Frank Edward McGHl ..
Southport . .
1874
2
Frederick James McGill . .
,,
1874
3
Esther Taylor
(Married John George A. Taylor,
Ashton-under-Lyne) .
Macclesfield
1874
4
Miles Taylor
,,
1877
5
Adrian Ravenswood Dunne
Dublin
1876
238
1874-1875
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1874
76f.
Howard Cavour Corkeine . .
Manchester . .
1876 '
7
Agnes Jane Oddie . .
(Apprentice, 1877).
Nantwich
1876
8
Robert WiUiams . .
Manchester . .
1877
9
Charles Binks
Liscard
1874
770
Daniel Hamer
Bolton
1875
I
Arthur Skelton
Sheffield
1876
2
Robert Alexander Jackson . .
Birkenhead
1878
3
Theodore Jackson . .
,, . . . .
1878
4
Richard Henry Hoffman
Andrews
Manchester . .
1879
5
William Arthur Carson
Liverpool
1875
6
Samuel Salthouse . .
Preston
1876 ,
7
Joseph Preston
Fleetwood . .
1876 1
8
Wilson Haworth
Burnley
1878 ,
9
Mary Olivia Philipps
Chester
1877 .
780
Amy Lilian Thompson Burley
(Married PhiUp Wilson Pearson, of
Temple Sowerby).
Manchester . .
1878
I
Elizabeth Waring . .
(Married John Escolme, of Yealand
Conyers).
Fanny Taylor
Yealand Conyers
1877
2
Lancaster
1876
3
Caroline Wilson
Oldham
1875 ;
4
Francis Aaron Nodal
Manchester . .
1875
5
Annie Jane Wood . .
Liverpool
1877
6
Martha Haworth . .
(Married James Ormerod, of Nelson.)
Burnley
1876
7
Ephraim Auckland
Warrington . .
1875 '
8
Joseph Simpson
Ambleside . .
1875 .
9
Oliver Cromwell Corkeine . .
Manchester . .
1877 :
790
Elias Hughes Thompson . .
Ballymena . .
1876 -
I
William Foden Simpson . .
1875
Sale
1875
2
Thomas Kelsall
Garstang
1876
3
John Kelsall
Scotforth
1876
4
Richard B. H. RusseU
Blackburn . .
1877
5
William Sargeant Nelson . .
Preston
1878
6
Alice Maria Burton
(Married Thomas Reuben Day, of
Manchester).
Manchester . .
1880
7
Frederica Floyd Russell . .
Blackburn . .
^^77 ;
8
Charles Frederick Jesper . .
Manchester . .
1876 j'
9
Herbert Joseph Jesper
,,
1876
800
William Taylor Hughes . .
Birkenhead . .
1876
I
Minnie Lea . .
Alderley
1876 =
2
John Morton Hughes
Birkenhead
1877 ■
3
John Crosfield Oddie
Nantwich
1878
4
Walter Hamilton Hope . .
Birkenhead . .
1878
isr^-iST'e
239
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
805
Arnold Little
Ashton-under-Lyne . .
1877
6
Thomas AUetson . .
Mold
1879
7
WiUiam AUetson . .
,,
1881
8
Elizabeth Maria Oddie
Oldham
1878
9
William Penrose Hodson . .
Bolton
1880
810
Frances Morrell Williams . .
(Married Frederic Walter Roberts,
scholar, 1870-8, of Manchester).
Manchester . .
1877
I
Ellen Griffiths
(Married James Rolands, of Crewe).
Crewe
1878
2
Alice Dilworth
(Apprentice, 1878-83).
Southport
1877
3
Jane Dilworth
,,
1880
4
Amy Jenkinson
Surrey
1877
5
Louisa Brightmore
Blackpool
1876
6
Isabella Ann Caldwell
(Married Alphonso James, of
Westhoughton).
Wigan
1878
7
Mary Elizabeth CaldweU . .
(Married Henry John Harrison,
Westhoughton).
Wigan
1879
8
William Oddie
Nantwich
1881
9
John Frederick William
Guthrie
Manchester . .
1881
820
Robert Thompson . .
>»
1878
I
Sarah Amelia Burton
(Married John Thomas D^Ewart,
M.B., Manchester).
Oldham
1880
2
Elizabeth Bragg . .
(Apprentice, 1880-6. Married John
Nainby, Leeds).
Yealand Conyers . .
1879
3
Ada Kincey
1876
Birkenhead . .
1878
4
Thomas Aubrey Richards . .
Mold
1877
5
George F. Hughes . .
Birkenhead . .
1878
6
Samuel Mellor Gibson
Manchester . .
1877
7
Arthur Edward Moss
,»
1878
8
John Wimpenny Pickup . .
Bacup
1878
9
Charlotte Hughes . .
Birkenhead . .
1877
830
Francis Doyle Hazledine . .
Liverpool
1880
I
1
Gertrude Maw
(Married George House, Willesden).
Manchester . .
1879
2
Leonard Maw
Manchester . .
1879
3
Thomas Hall Machin
Stockport . .
1881
4
Emily Jane Doeg . .
(Married Arthur 0. Legge).
Manchester . .
1878
5
Ellen Doeg
(Married Ernest Ardem, Hyde).
„
1880
6
Mary Jane Griffiths
Crewe
1880
7
Hannah Haworth . .
Burnley
1880
8
Mary Josephine Moses
Penketh
1880
9
Annie Moses
(Married John Gibson Withenshaw,
of Penketh).
Alice Anderson Mason
„
1880
840
Manchester . .
1878
240
is^e-iST"?
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1
■1
841
Edith Shaw
Yealand
! 1877
i
2
Elizabeth Ann Hazeldine . .
Liverpool
1878 '•
3
Jane Whiteside
Blackpool . .
1878
4
Florence Haworth . .
Preston
1878
i
1
5
Mary Ann Fletcher
Blackburn . .
1878
(Married William Wray).
'
6
Charles Frederick Jesper
1
(2nd time)
Macclesfield . .
1878
7
Herbert Joseph Jesper
1
(2nd time)
,,
1 1881
8
Jacob Glaister
Whitehaven
1878 ,
9
Barnett Matthews . .
Liverpool
! 1879 r
850
William Henry Sephton . .
St. Helens . .
1876 1
I
Joseph Thomas Sephton . .
,,
1878 .
- 2
Samuel Clark
Worcester . .
1878 ;
3
Daniel Dagnall
Warrington . .
1876
4
Edgar France
Birkenhead . .
1876
5
William George Bridge . .
Ulverstone . .
1878 .
6
William Bowman . .
187"?
Chester
1879
7
Charles Southam Gregory . .
Hanley Castle
1878
8
William Mason Troughton . .
Ulverstone . .
1878
9
Mary Emily Mason
Manchester . .
1882
860
William Penrose Robinson . .
Liverpool
1882
I
John William Massey
Spalding
1879
2
Herbert Walmsley ..
Preston
1878
3
Margaret Hartley . .
Lancaster
1879 ■'
4
Dorothy Kelsall . .
(Married Roger Kenyon Bateson, ot
Brock).
Preston
1879
5
EUzabeth Mason . .
Brock
1878
6
Mary Ann Dickinson
Wigan
1879
7
Louisa Warburton . .
(Married George Edward Chadwick,
of Bold Heath, nr. Warrington).
Dallam
1881
8
Frank Marshall . . . .
Manchester . .
1881
9
Frank Griffith Samuel ..
Liverpool
1879
1
870
Joshua Haworth . .
Nelson
1881
I
Joseph Henry Bragg
Yealand
1878
2
John Griffiths
Crewe
1881
3
Walter Bridge
Ulverstone . .
1879
4
James Beakbane . .
Waterloo
1882
5
William Clark Eddington ..
Worcester
1878
6
Henry Carline
Manchester . .
1879
7
Vernon Napier Johnson . .
Liverpool
1880
8
Frederick Winward
Westhoughton
1879
9
Edith Mary Kilner
(Apprentice. 1882-8. Married Charles
Richard Oddie).
Oldham
1882
880
Alfred Ernest Hughes
Birkenhead . .
1881
I
Edward Dunnett . .
Lymm
1877
2
Emily Beesley
Lancaster
1879
o
o
X
o
O
1877-1879
241
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left. |
883
Edith Rowlinson . .
(Married Robert Nightingale,
Warrington).
Whitley
1880
4
Alice Shaw . .
(Married John Hemmant, Ponte-
fract).
Charles Thomas Hooper . .
Lancaster
1879
5
Liverpool
1885
1878
6
William James Wilcockson
HasHngden . .
1882
7
Thomas Carline
Manchester . .
1882
8
Annie Warburton . .
Warrington . .
1883
9
Mary EUzabeth BisseU . .
(Married Robert Pattinson, Crosby,
Maryport).
Manchester . .
1883
890
George Bissell
,,
1884
I
Benjamin Haworth
Burnley
1881
2
Arthur Ascroft Hilton
(Apprentice, 1881-6).
Atherton
1881
3
WilHam Charles Andrews . .
Oldham
1881
4
Luther Amos
,,
1881
5
Oscar Barrow
Manchester . .
1879
6
Cuthbert Barrow . .
,,
1879
7
John Leadbitter . .
St. Helens . .
1879
8
Frederick Rankin Rogers . .
Liverpool
1881
9
Mary Ann Cragg . .
(Married John Jones, BooUe).
„
1879
900
Margaret Cragg
Liverpool
1882
I
Fanny Buckley
(Mairied Clement Smithies).
Oldham
1879
2
Jane Dilworth
Wigan
1880
3
Beatrice Lucy Heame
Highgate, London . .
1881
4
George William A. Garrod . .
Ulverstone . .
1879
5
Ruth Renison
(Married Charles Waterfall, Uver-
pool).
John Beakbane
Liverpool
1880
6
Waterloo
1880
7
Walter Beakbane . .
,,
1883
8
Charles Edward Beakbane . .
,,
1883
9
EUza Beakbane
(Married George Brisson, of Mon-
treal).
Thomas Wrigby
„
1878
910
Preston
1880
I
Henry Harrison
Ulverstone . .
1879
2
John Edward Bowman
Chester
1879
3
Vivian Hilton
Atherton
1885
4
EUen Elizabeth Ann Carter
Monk
Fleetwood . . . .
1880
5
James Stephenson . .
Preston
1880
6
Mary Eccleston
Birkenhead . .
1883
7
Mary Alice Hazeldine
Liverpool
1882
8
1
Edgar Dunne
1879
Dublin
1880
1
9
Frederick William Wareing
Penketh
1880
1 920
Harold Massey
Spalding
1880
242
1879-1880
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
921
2
3
4
5
9
930
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
940
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
950
I
2
James Warburton . .
Isaac Walls . .
Joseph Beakbane . .
Richardson Cayton
Florence Doeg
(Married Robert Ernest Legge, of
Canada).
Kezia Ellen Moorcroft
(Married Charles Chamberlain,
Manchester).
Mary Jane Whiteside
(Married Hugh James Barclay, of
Sale).
WiUiam Blundell . .
Herbert John AUetson
John Routledge
Richard Routledge
George William Andrews , .
George Alfred Williams . .
Arthur Warburton . .
Carleton Hargrave . .
Frank Lamb
Alice Blanche Williams
(Married Alfred Simms, Dublin).
Florence Williams . .
(Married Richard George Hinchliffe).
Madeline Ethel Haworth . .
(Apprentice, 1882-8. Married Philip
Rudolph Rooker, Manchester).
Mary Chapman McMichael . .
j Edith Mary Walker
Emmeline Walker . .
I (Married Francis William Large,
Cricklade, Wilts).
: Bertha Ellen Wood . .
(Married Horace Kitchen, Mel-
bourne).
Lillie Margaret Wood
1880
Sam Williams
Mary Williams
(Married William Sharrock, Seafortli).
George Thomas F. Short . .
John William Stanley
John Edgar Smith . .
(Apprentice, 1886-92. Master-on-
Duty, 1892-3).
Annie Isabel Turner
Sarah Duckett
Mary Louisa Knight
Eliza Cooper Knight
Annis Carline
Edith Buckley
(Married R. Hawthornthwaite).
Julia Mabel Barrow
(Married George Selwyn Taylor).
Dallam
Liverpool
Waterloo
St. Helens
Gorton
Southport
Liverpool
Southport
Northop
Penketh
Oldham
Liverpool
Dallam
Southport
Sale . .
Liverpool
Manchester
Birkenhead
Blackpool
Hull
Hull
Manchester
Brigg . .
Manchester
Penketh School
Birkenhead . .
Bootle
Manchester . .
Miles Platting
Manchester . .
1882
1881
1882
1879
1883
1882
1881
1881
1882
1881
1882
1883
1887
1884
1880
1882
1880
1884
1882
1884
1883
1881
1882
1883
1885
1885
1880
1882
1886
1883
1880
1882
1882
1881
1883
1881
1880-18
81
243
No.
Name,
Residence.
Left.
4
William George Timperley . .
Crewe
1883
955
Thomas James Warburton . .
Bewsey
1883
6
Ashton Fairer Parkinson . .
Birkenhead . .
1883
7
Arthur Wareing
Cronton
1885
8
Joseph Wake
Fritchley
1883 I
9
Squire Whiteley
HoUinwood . .
1883
960
Frederick John Orrell
Preston
1882
I
James Ashworth Shorrocks
Louth
1882
2
Thomas Wright
Fritchley
1881
3
George Follows Junior
Manchester
1881
4
Adolph John Yelland
Liverpool
1884
5
Letitia Leicester
1882
6
LUian Ellen CaldweU
Westhoughton
1882
7
Kate Parkinson
(Married Frank Davies, of Man-
chester).
Manchester . .
1883
8
Sarah Jane Bragg . .
Lancaster
1884
9
Elizabeth Lowe
Macclesfield . .
1883
970
Emma Griffiths * . .
(Married Frank Charnock, Clee-
thorpes).
Elizabeth Jane Isherwood . .
Crewe
1883
I
Leigh
1884
(Married Charles Mort).
1 2
Elsie Maria Cockett . .
Brigg
1881
3
Frances Morrell WiUiams
(2nd time)
Manchester . .
1883
4
Ellen Dickinson
(Married Peter Eckersley, Wigan).
1881
Wigan
1882
5
Arthur Denby
Eccles
1884
6
Jane Eliza Denby . .
>» • • • •
1883
7
William Frederick YeUand
Liverpool
1883
8
John Thomas Turner
Manchester . .
1881
9
Elizabeth Ann Turner
,, . . . .
1884
980
John Henry Spence. .
,,
1884
I
George Parkinson . .
,,
1883
1 ^
Samuel Clark (2nd time) . .
Worcester . .
1882
3
Benjamin Beakbane
Liverpool
1883
1 4
Joseph James Watts
Manchester . .
1883
5
Arthur Hodson
Huyton
1885
6
James Swift
Ince, nr. Wigan
1886
7
Frederick Thorpe . .
Penketh
1883
8
Edith Wareing
Cronton
1882
9
Lilian Wareing
,,
1882
, Edith Turner
Penketh School ..
1885
Samuel Evens Turner
,,
1885
990
Ann Mason
Kirkham
1882
I
Wilhelmina Walpole
Waterf ord . .
1882
2
, Mary Kirby
Roseacre . . . .
1883
3
Martha Kirby
,,
1883
4
Alice Williams
(Married Richard Henry Hoffman
Manchester . .
1885
Andrews, Scholar 1874-9).
244
1881-1882
No.
Name,
j Kssidkn:cb«
[ i
Left, 1
995
Beatrice Currie
Crewe
iSSi
6
Mary Lowe . .
(M^icd HcrbcTt Edward SavilJCp
o£ H fa ion Cb»pel).
Macclesfield . .
1SS4
7
Robert James Fildes
C horl ton-cu m-H ar dy
I ^^^3
8
Frederick Albert Oddie , .
Nantwich
1 18S6
9
Elizabeth Townson
Preston
' 1&H2
lOOO
Frederick Wood
HuU
1 18S3
I
John Edwin Sansom
Urmston
1882
2
Anne Ehstabeth Yelland . .
Liverpool
1 1883
3
Samuel Thompson , ,
Runcorn
x8Ss
1882
1
iSSj 1
4
Alfred N. Haworth
Preston
S
Arthur Swift
Ince. nr. Wigan
1885
6
William John James Neasou
Altrincham . .
1S84
7
Isaac Orrell . .
Preston
1S84
8
Arthur Radchffc . .
Hawarden
1S83
9
John Knowlcs
Appleton
1885
' lOIO
Stanley K itching
Warrington . .
IS83
I
Herbert J, Jones
„
T885
2
Alfred Griflfiths
Crewe
18S5
3
Edith Walker (2nd time) . .
Blackpool
1S83 ,
4
Walter Wood
Hull
1883
1
s
Thomas Tonge. Jun.
Manchester . .
I8S5
6
Walter Hilton .. ..'
Leigh
1886
7
John Dixon Wilson
Liverpool
1884
8
Harry Balme Moore
Burnley
1882
9
Frederick Walmsley
Preston
1884
I020
James Gordon Parker
Penketh
1882
I
Alfred Lord
Oldham
TS84
2
Arthur Edwin Trent
London
IS83
3
Thomas Mason
Medlar
I8S5
4
Matthew Knowlcs . .
Appleton
1886
S
William Henry Gidlaw . .
Liverpool
1884
6
Esther Wikockson Dilworth
Wigan
j8S^
7
Emma HiU
Oldham
1884
8
Emily Lowe
(Msrri-ed Mark Brotfdeni
Macclesfield . .
1885
9
Margaret Town son
Preston
1884
1030
Alice Webster
[M.irrrftJ Fnitik Mollowajr).
Bradford
1883
I
Elizabeth Storey . .
Garstang
18S3
2
Mary Ann Storey , »
1883
3
Gertrude Thistlethwaite . ,
{Marriod L>ouil4is JoatDSon, of
Manchester)
Manchester , .
1884 :
4
Amy Nodal
tMafriwJ Jamfs f™xe, M.D.,
TrowbridKi^).
1S84
5
Frank Moore
Burnley . , . ,\
1884
s ^
Elizabeth Parkinson
{Married James Johnaon),
Manchester , .
T883
1 7
1
John Henry Taylor
Facit
1885 ,
1883-18
84
24s
No.
■ V ■ ■ ^^
NA14E. ■
Residence.
Left.
188a
1038
Edwin BirchaU Pooth ..
Famworth, Bolton . .
1886
9
Ernest Booth
,, . . . .
1886
1040
Thomas Robert Rjj,y
Preston
1884
I
Arthur Davies , .
Oldham
1885
2
Elizabeth Helen Davies . .
Birkenhead . .
1889
3 .
Henry Bolton Fume^s
Warrington . .
1886
4
Olive Octavia Hooper
Liverpool
1889
5
Henry Doeg
Manchester . .
1887
6
Hugh Conning
WestKirby ..
1884
7
Emily Ann Metcalfe
(Married King).
Leeds
1885
8
Louisa Mary Jacob . .
Limerick
1884
9
Edward Henry Jacob
,,
1885
1050
Maud Harland
(Married Arthur Griffen Smith,
Moss Nook, near Cheadle).
Manchester , .
1884
I
Thomas Edwin Monks
Harrington , .
188s
2
Martha, Jane McMichael , .
(Married Stanilas Emile BaUy,
Manchester).
Bi^rkenhead . .
1884
3
Annie Mason
Garatang
1884
4
Esther Tickle
Carlij^e
1884
5
Harry Eugene Mercer
Altrincham . .
1884
6
Alexander Thorpe . .
Penket;h
1885
7
John Herbert Metcalfe . .
Leeds
1887
8
Albert Edward Longshaw . .
Warrington . .
1885
9
Mary EUen Mason . .
Preston
1885
1060
Margaret Maud Williams . .
(Married James Woohnan, B.A.,
of Widnes).
Liverpoql
1890
I
Leonard Leicester . .
If • • • •
1887
2
Theodore Leicester Wood . .
1885
3
Walter Buckley ..
Oldham
1884
4
Ernest Dale
Great Ayton
1885
5
William Shaw
Thumhaip . .
1884
6
Maud Gregson
(Married George Newboult, of
Bradford).
Bradford
1885
7
George Arthur Shaw
Stockport
1884
8
Robert Russell Fayle
Birkenhep,d . .
1884
9
George Sheldrake Ramsey . .
Buxton
188s
1070
Gertrude Martha Ramsey . .
1884
,,
1885
I
Walter Williams . .
Liverpool
1890
2
Peter Knowles
Appleton, Cheshire..
1889
3
John Evans . .
Liverpool
1884
4
Elizabeth Jacob
Limerick
1885
5
Margaret Ann Howell
Yealancl Conyers
1885
6
Sylvia Mary Haworth
(Married Francis Arthur Jones, of
Sale
1888
Sale).
19
246
1884-1885
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left. ,'
1077
John William Turner
Leeds
1885
8
Robert Joseph Wells
Southport . .
1887 ;
9
Arthur WeUs
,, . . . .
1887
1080
David Heyes
Wigan
1886
I
Mary Isabella Ellershaw . .
Manchester . .
1887
2
Oswald Davy Twist
,, . . . .
1885
3
Elizabeth Metcalfe
Liverpool
1887
4
Henry Milner Copeland . .
Poulton-le-Fylde
1885
5
Mary Ann Newhouse
(Married George Lowes, of Sheffield).
Birkenhead . .
1885
6
Henry Newhouse . .
»»
1888
7
George Coventry Alletson . .
Northop
1887
8
Senhouse Martindale Cragg .
Bootle
1885
8i
Margaret Doeg
(Married William Piatt Wright, of
Gorton).
Elizabeth Carline . .
Gorton
1889
I
9
Prestwich
1884
(Married Lomas).
1090
James Byrom
Manchester . .
1885
I
Sophia Bissell
Eccles
1887
2
John Jennings
Liverpool
1885
3
Charles Edward Lowe
Wilmslow
1889
4
Samuel Wright
Whaley Bridge
1886
5
Anna G. Jacob
Limerick
1885
6
Charlotte Ethel Smith
(Apprentice, 1891-7).
Manchester . .
1890
7
John Gilbert Parry
1885
Birkenhead . .
1887
8
Margaret Alice Hargreaves . .
(Apprentice, 1888-92. Teacher,
1902-3).
Goosnargh . .
1888
9
Hannah Wright
Whaley Bridge
1890
1 100
Kate Winifred Oddie
Southport . .
1886
I
Emma Widdowson . .
(Married William Henry Chatterton,
Stockport).
Stockport
1887
2
Elizabeth Ann Davies
Birkenhead . .
1890
3
Arthur Priestman . .
Preston Brook
1 891
4
Elizabeth Parkinson
Southport . .
1886
5
Arthur Thistlethwaite
Manchester . .
1887
6
Frederick Thistlethwaite . .
„
1889
7
Martha Ann Busby . .
Newcastle-on-Tyne
1887 I
8
Robert Cooke
Birkenhead
1888
9
Jessie Cooke
,, . .
1887
IIIO
Roland Woods
Bristol
1885
I
Henry Vernon Coates
Liverpool
1890 '
2
Richard Coward Brierley . .
Newton Bridge
1889
3
Harold Brierley
,, * . . .
1 891
4
Catherine Brereton Priest-
man
Preston Brook
1 891
5
Mary Alice Taylor . .
Facit
1887
6
Lucy Wells
Southport . .
1889
(Married William Alfred Hinton).
'
X
<
O
o
X
52:
W
X
o
Q
3
1886-1887
247
JOSEPH THOMAS GUMERSALUS
SUPERINTENDENCY.
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1886
1117
Charles Wilberforce Hey-
wood
Manchester . .
1887
8
Wm. Edward Chadwick
Turner Waine
,,
1891
9
Robert Johnson Cooke
(Weekly Boarder)
Penketh
1887
U20
Eliza Ann Ellis
Bolton
1890
I
Richard Arthur White
Ditton
1891
2
Edward Henry Waterfall . .
Liverpool
1889
3
George Ernest Smith
Manchester . .
1892
4
Thomas Seddon
Wigan
1888
5
Henry Newton
Bold
1887
6
Walter Howell
Yealand
1887
7
Margaret Radcliffe War-
burton
Dallam
1886
8
Mary Tickle
Keckwick
1886
9
Albert Wolstencroft
Manchester . .
1892
1 130
Stanley Goodier
Alderley Edge
1890
I
WUfred Lowe
Macclesfield . .
1890
2
Gertrude Agnes Oddie
Blackpool
1890
3
Archibald Rejmolds
Belfast
1888
4
Charles Cordingley Neild . .
Urmston
1888
5
Ethel Cryer
Oldham
1890
6
Frank Harrisson Jesper
Warrington . .
1888
7
Agnes Emily Murray
(Married Arthur Revill).
Manchester . .
1888
8
Philip Carlisle Gamett
Penketh
1890
1 9
George William Fenemore . .
1887
Alexandria . .
1891
1 140
Frederick Wm. Crowe Hone-
ford Marshall
Newton-le- Willows . .
1890
I
Alice Reynolds
Belfast
1887
2
Charles Chamock . .
Oldham
1889
3
Edward Chamock . .
,»
1891
4
Victor Charnock
,,
1892
5
Elizabeth Jane Evans
(Married William H. Carter).
Warrington . .
1889
6
Harold W. Hughes (Day
Scholar)
Sankey
1890
7
Thomas Arthur Bardsley . .
Manchester . .
1888
8
Florence Jeannette Carter. .
Liverpool
1890
(Married William Foster Perkins.
Scholar, 1889-qo.
248
1887-1888
No.
Name.
Residence.
1 Left.
1 149
John William Duckett
Liscard
1892
1150
William Alston
Garstang
1888
I
John David Cooke
Liscard
1888
2
John Herbert EUershaw . .
Manchester . .
1890
3
Sarah Esther Graham
,,
1889
4
Elizabeth Constance Emily
Ward
Northwich . .
1889
5
Henry Robinson
Manchester . .
1890
6
James Edward Chamock . .
Oldham
1888
7
John T. Chamock
,, . . . .
1889
8
Albert Edward Holdcroft . .
Bolton
1888
9
Walter Marwood Laurence
(Junior Teacher, 1890-91).
1888
Ventnor
1890
1160
John O'NeU
St. Helens . .
1 891
I
Selina Mary Hughes
Liverpool
1 891
2
Richard Storey
Garstang
1889
3
Frazer Small McTear
St. Helens . .
1 891
4
Henry Johnson Blundell . .
Birkenhead . .
1890
5
Claude Bolton Wylde
Penketh
1891
6
John Warburton JoUey
Birkenhead . .
1 891
7
James Robinson Hall
Warrington . .
1891
8
William Percival
Aston, Cheshire
1891
9
NeUie Eliza Hall . .
Manchester . .
1888
1 170
David Apsimon
Carmarthen . .
1888
I
Peter Morris Grundy
Westhoughton
1890
2
Maude King
Wilmslow
1889
3
Thomas Youde, Junior
(Junior Teacher, 1893-4).
Levenshulme
1893
4
Joseph Ford Youde
,,
1894
5
William Dransfield Scott . .
Stockport . .
1889
i 6
Frank Ingham
Ashton-on-Mersey . .
1888
7
Amelia Drewry
(Married Frederick WUUam Foster,
of Fleetwood).
Fleetwood . .
1890
8
Annie Drewry
,, . . . .
1888
9
Dorothy AHce Mason
Medlar, Kirkham . .
1888
1180
Catherine Tickle
Keckwick, Warring-
ton
1888
I
Arthur Chadwick Oddie . .
Manchester . .
1890
2
Theodore Temple Clemesha
Cleveleys
1890
3
Frederick Chapman Clemesha
,,
1 891
4
Harold WiUiams . .
Liverpool
1890
5
Charles Burton
Warrington . .
1890 1
6
Frank Alexander Milling . .
,,
1889
7
Denis Davies
,, . . . .
1893 ,
8
Roland Davies
"
1893 )
1888-1890
249
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1 189
Rebecca Grace Worth
Crewe
1895
1 190
Gilbert Houghton Haworth
Ashton-on-Mersey . .
1892
I
Francis Henry Yelland
Liverpool
1890
2
Evelyn Harriet Ward
Northwich . .
1890
1889
3
William Foster Perkins
Rock Ferry . .
1890
4
Edith Prescott Jolley
,, . . . .
1891
5
George Daubney Dodson . .
Liverpool
1891
6
Matthew Knight . .
Heaton Norris
1891
7
Richard Grange Pimlott . .
Appleton, Cheshire. .
1892
8
John Percival
Preston Brook
1893
9
Josiah Robinson
Famworth, Widnes
1892
I2CX)
Thomas Henry Robinson . .
,, ,, . .
1891
I
AHce Bissell
(Married Edmund Hurst).
Eccles
1889
2
Maria Butterworth
Oldham
1891
3
WUUam Herbert Sutton . .
Liverpool
1890
4
William Thomas Bray
Kendal
1891
5
Stanley Glover Brierley . .
Newton-le- Willows . .
1891
6
Montague Sidney Williams
Liverpool
1890
7
WilHam Cowen Chamock . .
Bolton
1894
8
Richard William Wright ..
Sankey
1890
9
Herbert William Lorenzo
Ward
Northwich . .
1890
1210
George James Burtonwood
Eccles
1890
I
Emily Critchlow
(Married John Charles Goodman,
of Mellor).
Emmeline Withers
Chapel-en-le-Frith ..
1890
2
Blackley
1892
3
Sarah Emma EUershaw . .
(Married Joseph Edwin Smith, of
Manchester).
Manchester
1892
4
Gertrude Wolstencroft
,,
1893
5
Ethel Alice Pimlott
Appelton, Cheshire . .
1 891
6
Isaac Cooke, Junior
Liscard
1893
7
George Cooke
,,
1895
8
Frederick John Sargent . .
1890
Tjmemouth . .
1894
9
Emily Walton
Oldham
1892
1220
Leigh Thomas Spencer, Jun.
Manchester . .
1894
I
Herbert Skelton Robinson . .
Famworth, Widnes
1892
2
Kate Percival
Preston Brook
1891
3
John Parkinson
Southport . .
1890
4
Catherine Maud Hartley . .
Manchester . .
1891
5
Beatrice Hartley
(Married Roland Schuller).
1893
6
Thomas Isaac Sankey
Risley
1890
7
Jane Fleming
Aintree
1892
250
1890-1891
No.
Name.
Residencb.
Left.
1228
Violet Ann Critchlow
(Married George Cooke).
Chapel-en-le-Frith .
1890
9
Walter Herbert Handley . .
Ma.nchester . .
. 1891
1230
Frances Mary Beakbane . .
Great Crosby
1892
I
Elizabeth Burtonwood
Eccles
1890
2
Annie Fairclough
Great Sankey
1890
3
William George Handley . .
Manchester . .
1893
4
Elizabeth Mason
Medlar, Kirkham
1 891
5
Margaret Edith Mason
>» »» • •
1892
6
Harry La Trobe Campbell
Sutton, St. Helens . .
1894
7
Annelia Gibson Darbyshire
(Married Harold Sankey, Maccles-
field).
James Wood Darbyshire . .
Southport
1893
8
i» • • • •
1893
(Junior Teacher, 1895-7).
9
Cecil Carter
Whaley Bridge
1892
1240
Joseph Clay
Eccles
1892
I
Edith Annie Clay . .
,, . . . .
1 891 t
2
Samuel Critchlow . .
Edale
1 891
3
Henry Hardwick Burslem . .
Manchester . .
1 891
4
Robert Grisdale Cragg
Bootle
iSgi '
5
Florence Ann Wharton
Widnes
1893
6
Florence Walton
Oldham
1 891
7
Reginald Harcourt Clapham
Southport
1892
8
Beatrice Alice Rushworth . .
Oldham
1 891 '
9
Arthur John Simmons
1891
Birmingham . .
1893
1250
John Kenworthy . .
Southport
1 891
I
Ahce Radcliffe
Hawarden
1 891
2
Edgar Radcliffe
,,
1892
2a
Margaret Jane Cooke (Day
Scholar)
Great Sankey
1892
(Attended special classes from
January to June, 1893).
3
Percy Alan Sutton
Liverpool
1892
4
Robert William Houghton . .
Penketh
1896
5
Herbert Thorpe (Day
Scholar)
,,
1892
6
Grace Emily Critchlow
Peak's HUl, Derby-
shire
1 891
7
John Roger Preston
Yealand Conyers . .
1892
8
Douglas Campbell Sharp . .
Didsbury
1892 1
9
Mary Sophia Lees . .
Oldham
1896
1260
Herbert Pimlott . .
Whitley
1892
I
Charles James Holland
Birkenhead . .
1894 '
2
WiUiam Arthur HoUand . .
,,
1894 .
3
Henry Talbot Rhodes
Southport . .
1897 1
4
Florence Mary Leicester . .
Liverpool
1894 ,
5
Lionel St. George Beakbane
Great Crosby
1892
6
Alice Mason
Myerscough, Preston
1893
7
John Henry Bodmer
Newton-le- Willows . .
1896
1891-1892
251
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1268
Catherine Mildmay Bevan
TonjorofE
PhilippopoUs
1894
9
William Herbert Johnstone
Preston
1893
1270
David George Nixon
Manchester . .
1896
I
Charles Boardman Nixon . .
,,
1896
2
Charles Herbert Curtis
Urmston
1892
3
Edith Helen Curtis
»»
1894
4
Edith Susan Dacre
(Married Edward WiUiam Cooper, of
Manchester).
Manchester . .
1892
5
William Aylett Dacre
,, . . . .
1893
6
Eleanor Storey
Garstang
1892
7
Reginald Tetley
Bevington, Cheshire
1892
8
Ernest Brown Tetley
,, . . . .
1891
9
James Percival PoUitt
Manchester
1893
1280
WiUiam Stanley PoUitt . .
,, . . . .
1891
I
WiUiam Warburton
DaUam
1892
2
Frank Shuttleworth War-
burton
,, • • . .
1893
3 .^ . J
.',^ .., 1892
3
Theodore Douglas Arundel
HaU
Kenyon
1894
4
George Ashworth Shepherd
Burnley
1892
5
Stephen Critchlow
Chapel-en-le-Firth ..
1892
6
Charles WUliam Critchlow. .
,,
1895
7
James Harold Steward
Warrington . .
1893
8
Ethel EmUy Harlock
(Married Nils Frenning Perrson, of
Sweden).
Charles Ernest Burgett
Southport . .
1894
9
Sutton
Warrington . .
1894
1290
Evelyn James Sutton
»»
1894
I
Herbert Garfield Sadler . .
Ditton, Widnes
1893
2
Jane Percival
Aston, Preston Brook
1894
3
EUen Parkinson
(Married William Howard Bennett,
of London).
Southport . .
1893
4
Charlotte Theodora Nixon
Manchester . .
1896
5
Frederick James Lloyd
Liscard
1896
6
Gertrude Briggs
Todmorden . .
1892
7
Albert Edward Carter
Formby
1892
8
Ethel Mary Handley
Manchester . .
1895
9
Christopher Storey
Garstang
1893
1300
Dora Davies . .
Appleton, Cheshire
1895
I
Peter Gee PoUitt . .
Manchester . .
1892
2
Frederick Charles Percy
Marrow
Liscard
1896
3
John Hough Darbyshire . .
Stretton
1895
4
Hannah Darbyshire
,,
1895
5
Florence Walmsley
(Married Samuel Fitton, Heaton
Chapel).
Manchester . .
1894
252
1892-1894
No-
Name.
Residence,
1 ^
L^FT,
1306
Arthur Clayton Harlow
Gorton
1896 ;
7
Samuel Walmsiey . .
Preston
1893 '
8
Robert Higginson Eowe
^ WinwiGk-
189a
9
Roland Ashworth Andrew . .
Manchester . .
r896^ ~
1310
Hugh Wharton
Widnes
1896
ji
J
ALBERT POLLARD^S SUPERINTENDENCY.
1
i
1
1893 i
1
T31/
Priscilla Mary Laurence
Overpool
1896
2
Harry Lloyd
Liscard
1897
3
Robert Jamieson
Preston
1S93
4
Alice Spencer
Manchester , .
1897
5
Robinson Spencer . .
PI
J 898
6
Robert Pierpoint , ,
Grappenhall . .
1893
;
Alice Eva Adair
Whitley
1896
s
John W. Waremg ..
Appleton
1895 1
9
Wilham George Mason
Barton, Preston
1896
1320
Ethel Hartley
Latchiord
1898
I
Elizabeth Grounds , .
Grappenhall . .
1894
%
Ohver Hewitt
Boothstown . .
1895
3
Fred Hewitt
,, » 1 » ,
189s
4
Alan Houghton
Penketh
1898
5
Josephine Ashworth
Bury
1895
<5
Armstrong Matthews
Widnes
189s
7
Herbert Gibbons Ward
Manchester . .
1899
8
Letitia Ann EUershaw
{Married Hirihert Ltrac, of Maii-
Manchester . .
1S95
9
John Bramweli Hartley . .
Shaw ,. -J
1898
nv^
Benjamin Albert Hartley , ,
1
1898
I
Elizabeth Ford Youde
Reddish . . . , 1
1895
2
Wm. Ernest Darby shire . .
Southport . .
1897 t
3
Margaret Ethel Lowe
Winwick
1897
1
4
Richard Baguley - .
Halton, Runcorn . .
1895
5
James Marsden
Wigan
1897
^
6
Seaton Marsden
1*
1895
7
Frank Rathbone
Penketh
1894 ,
8
Jackson Rathbone
1894
" ' ' ' * ,
189s 1
9
Arthur Walton
Liverpool
189s
1340
Amy Percival
Preston Brook . . '
1S96
I
Geo. Ered Holdcroft
Bolton
1897
2
Wm. Harold CotteriU
Bowdon
1
1894
1894-1895
253
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1343
Colia Davies Cooke
Penketh
. 1894
4
Elizabeth. Cooke . .
»» • •
. 1894
5
Alfred Cooke
. 1894
6
William Fleming . .
Aintree
. 1899
7
Percival Arthur Aldridge . .
Lancaster
. 1895
8
Alfred Ernest Webb
Liverpool
. 1895
9
James Jones Handley
Manchester . .
. 1897
1350
Ada Crookes
Penketh
. 1895
I
Bertram Edward Youde . .
Reddish
. 1898
2
John Critchlow
BarmQor
. 1896
3
Edgar Mason Nash
Sale ...
1901
4
Harold Ransome Nash
,, ...
1900
5
Leonard Haworth . .
Rochdale
. 1898
6
Ethel Margaret Parsonage . .
Seacombe
. 1896
7
Margery Priestman
Latchford
. 1896
8
Edith Madeline Pollard . .
Scarborough . .
. 1896
9
Fredk. Wm. Chandler
Liverpool
. 1898
1360
Joseph KelsaU
Preston
. 1895
I
Ethel Leicester
Liverpool
. 1895
2
Margaret Wharton . .
Widnes
. 1897
3
Percy Marsden
Wigan
. 1896
4
Alfred Balmf ord
Stockton Heath
. 1897
5
Josephine Isabella Lmit . .
Manchester . .
. 1896
6
Henry Julius Lunt
n , ,
. 1896
7
Edward Lysons Lunt
»» • •
. 1896
8
Charles Thompson
1895
" * *
. 1896
9
Eugene Spencer Elgar
Manchester . .
. 1900
1370
Harcourt John Elgar
»» • •
1900
I
Thomas Ormisher . .
Stockport . .
1897
2
Egerton Smith
it • •
1896
3
Adrian Ethelbert Carter . ,
Whaley Bridge
1898
4
Herbert Lowe
,,
1899
5
Wilfred Cyril Carter
,, . . .
1900
6
John Clayton
>> • •
1897
7
Duncan McKechnie
Penketh
1897
8
Mary Ellen Nelson
(Married Harry L. Bailey, North Shields)
Maryport
1898
9
Thomas Lawrence . .
Liverpool
1896
1380
Thomas Kelsall
Meldreth, Camb. . .
1896
I
James Kelsall
,, . .
1896
2
Eliza Knapton
Southport . .
1898
3
Margaret Percival . .
Preston Brook
1898
4
Constance Hartley
Latchford
1900
5
Walter James Sankey
Warrington . .
1897
6
Eva Ruth Mason . .
Medlar, Kirkham
1896
7
Leonard Mason
,,
1896
8
Eva Lois Newhouse
Birkenhead . .
1900
9
Mabel Ransome Nash
Sale
1898
254
1896-1897
No.
Nahs.
Rbsidencm,
Left.
i ;
1896
1390
Harold Eustace Aldridge . ,
Lancaster
- 1897
^ oa
John Longton I^owe
Winwick
190T
I
Jessie Butter field
Dewsbuiy
1S97
2
Mary Edith Darby shire
Southport
1897
3
Edward Radcliffe . .
Haw-arden . . . - 1S97
; ^
Eva Louisa Swinborn
Daubhill, Bolton _' 1S96
s
Montague Sydney Williams
Liverpool . . . , 1 896
6
Mabel Dean VVilUams
{Married Stanlry Clarke, of Bristol).
1S97
7
Agnes Elizabeth Gleavc
Heywood
1 L899
8
Ethel Margaret Gleave
n
1S99
9
Isidore Salis Cantor
Liverpool
1899
1400
Alfred Ernest Howden
It
1897
1
James Ernest Howden
, , - ' • *
1S97
2
Jenny Waites
Lancaster
1896
3
Elsie May Harlock . .
Southport
i 1897
4
Ida Mary Hallvvood
Sankey
1 1896
S
Gilbert Wolstcncroft
Openshaw
1901
6
John Thomas Barber
Whitley
1S97
7
Hugh Walmsley ., .,,
Higher Whitley
1896
8
Charles Wm. Brett Davey, ,
London
T900
9
George Wm. Davidson
Fritchley
1897
1410
John McCheanc
Matlock Bank
1897
I
Edward McCheane
1S97
2
Jesse Edgar
Westhoughton
1898
3
Thos. Howell Grundy
♦
1899
4
Alexander Jas. Christie
St. IMichaels . .
1898
5
Ellen Bronson Smith
Liverpool
189S
6
Wm. Edward Aylward (Day
Scholar) .. .. .,
Great Sankey
1900
7
Charles Alleyne Aylward
(Day Scholar) - .
Great Sankey
1901
8
Annie Percival
Preston Brook
1896 ,
9
George Percival
,,
1S96 ■
1420
Sarah Waites
Lancaster
189S
I
Winifred Agnes Thorley . .
Salf ord
189S
2
Margaret Frances Thorley . ,
,. . * < . •
1900 '(
3
Arthur Walmsley . ,
1897
Higher Whitley
1S97 '
4
Florence Edith Brook
Chorlton -cnm- H ar dy
1898
5
Maud Tryphcna Hadwen . .
Liverpool
1898
6
Arthur George Donaldson
Ashton-under-Lyne . .
1901 1
7
Alfred Dean Faraday
Liverpool
IQ05
8
Joseph Tickle Knowles
Appleton, Cheshire . ,
1S97 ■
9
William T. Pcakc . .
Preston
1897
1430
Ethel Margaret Carr
Farnworth, Widnes. .
1
1900
I
Ernest W'oodrutf Duke
Fallowfield , ,
1898 '
1897-1898
255
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1432
Orford Johnson (Day Scholar)
Sankey
1897
3
Harry Parkinson . .
Warrington . .
1899
4
Bessie Wharton
Widnes
1900
5
GUbert Sutton
Sale
1897
6
Sidney I. Tunstall (Day
Scholar)
Penketh
1899
7
Ethel Helena Dale . .
Pendleton . .
1899
8
Ella Wharton
Maryport
X897
9
Edith Mary Robinson
Widnes
1900
1440
Frederick Davey . .
London
1901
I
William Albanus Lowe
Winwick
1897
2
Alfred Henry Owen
Heaton Chapel
1900
3
Robert Williams . .
Gorton
1902
4
Nora Lloyd
Liscard
1902
5
Percy Mainwaring . .
Warrington
1897
6
Ivan Fulton Smith . .
Sankey
1897
7
Harold English
Stockport
1898
8
Robert Blythe Smiley
Liverpool
1900
9
Helena Smiley
»»
1900
1450
Ellen Atkinson Waites
Lancaster
1899
I
John Leaver
New Brighton
1900
2
Clayton Barber
Whitley
1898
3
William Hebblewhite Met-
calfe
Liverpool
1900
1898
4
Herbert Haworth . .
Poulton-le-Fylde . .
1899
5
Aletta Alice Hadwen
Liverpool
1899
6
Jane Sadler Davidson
Fritchley
1899
7
Eric Frank Smiley . .
Liverpool
1900
8
James Ormerod
Nelson
1898
9
Joseph Hugh Jones
Hartlepool . .
1900
1460
Alice Maud Jones . .
Liverpool
1898
I
Edward Wylie
,,
1900
2
Alice Gertrude Dale
Manchester . .
1900
3
Amy Jennings
(Married Walter Rhodes, Bradford).
„
1898
4
Graeme Fulton Smith (Day
Scholar)
Sankey
1899
5
Wm. Stanley PoUitt
Openshaw
1899
6
Johnson Gill Baxter
Stockton Heath
1899
7
Jas, Philip Connell
Fritchley
1898
8
George Lamb
Preston
1899
9
Harold Ambler
Penketh
1899
1470
Mark Henry Castree
Liverpool , .
1898
I
James Nelson
Maryport
1901
2
Agnes Amelia Shaw
Waterloo
1901
3
Wm. Gladstone Shaw
,,
1902
4
Thomas Pearson
Chorlton-cum-Hardy
1899
5
Francis William Waites . .
Lancaster
1900
6
Mabel Irene Herring
Manchester . .
1900
256
1898-1900
Na
NAItK,
Residence.
Left.
1477
James- Walls
Wavertree
- 1899
3
Thomas Hartley , .
Manchester
* 1899
9
John Porter Rod well
Opens haw
1900
1480
Watson Willy Peck
1899
Liscard
l^
s
Frank Newton
Northwich . .
19OQ 1
z
Elizabeth Ann Speak
Birkenhead , .
jg/oo
3
Ann Ford Youde
Reddish
1901 I
4
Elsie Massey
Northwich . .
1901 \
5
Wm. Moncrieff Carr
Widnes
tgoz 1
6
Wm. Hobson Addey
Wilmslow
1899 '
7
Joseph Gordon Addey
,t
1900
S
Edward Wright Rcdfem . .
Manchester . .
1 901 ,
9
Eleanor Chadwick . .
Egremont
rgoo ,'
1490
Annie Laura Coe . .
Manchester . .
1899 1
I
Grace Thoriey
Seedley
1899 I
2
Eleanor Davenport
Penketh
1904 ,
3
Mary Adams
W^insford
1903 1
4
WUliara Ewart Gladstone
Rodwell
Openshaw
1900
5
WiUiam Albanus Lowe (2 nd
time)
Winwick
1902 ,
6
Sarah Culshaw
Liverpool
1900
7
Helen Culshaw
p>
1900 j
8
Daisy Lilian Read . .
Stockport
1900 ]
9
Olive Elizabeth Bull
Manchester » .
1900 j
1500
Francis Seymour Bull
M ■ » ^- »
190J
1
John Tho3. Knap ton
Southport ., »^
1901
2
Mabel Ford Youde
Reddish
1902 ,
3
Fredk. Miles Hodgson
Cheadlehulme
i90t
4 1
Ernest Jennings
Blackpool
1 901
5
Archibald Pinning Thompson
Manchester . ,
1901
6
Sarah Coe . ,
,3
190D
7
Austin Coe , .
t,
1900
8
Hildrcd Wesley
(Marrted Leieh Thomas Spenm^
Juii.. of M;iTich<?ster. SchoJar,
** ' *
1900 j
1
9
Herbert EUis Dale ..
>i
1904 l|
1905
1510
Frank Henry Stuttard
Oldham
I
Thomas Sail is Sidebotham
Manchester . .
igOT
IQOt
2
Ernest Andrew Henderson
Gatebeck, Kendal . .
3
Charles Pitfield Jackson . .
1900
Bolton
1902
4
Alice Elsie Howarth Jacksofl
Bolton
igoz n
i 5
Mabel Jennings . . .J
Blackpool
1901 \
' 6
Wilham Edward Critchlow.;
Doveholes
1901 1
7
Elizabeth Ellen Critchlow , .,
y.
1901
; ^ 1
John Tickle
Chatham
1903 1
1900 1*
ll
1 '1
George Hall
Marple
1900-1901
257
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1520
Alfred Richardson
Manchester . .
1903
I
Susan Isabel Dacre
»» • • • •
1904
2
Henry Hugh Dacre . .
,,
1904
3
Alfred Ernest Wareing
Liverpool
1902
4
James Fildes Macgregor Dow
Eccles
1 901
5
Benjamin Cooke
West Kirby . .
1901
6
Ethel Borthwick Wharton. .
Widnes
1901
7
Robert Carr
Farnworth, Widnes
1905
8
Thomas Clinch Leaver
Liscard
1904
9
Antony Davies
Warrington . .
1901
1530
James Hepple Dodds (Day
Scholar)
Penketh
1 901
I
Evelyn Chapman . .
Aysgarth
1902
2
Richard Thwaite Chapman
,,
1902
3
Robert Basil Anderson
Sligo
1903
4
Lucy Myrtilla Mortimer . .
Manchester . .
1903
5
Ruth Elsa Redfern
,,
1901
6
Edith Mabel Redfern
!',
1901
7
Albert Edward Taylor
Litherland . .
1903
8
Edith Josephine Powell . .
Liverpool
9
Wilfred Bubb
Malvern Link
1901
1540
Marjorie Tickle
Chatham
1 901
I
Percy Dodds (Day Scholar)
Penketh
1902
2
Charles Holdcroft Main . .
Riga, Russia
1901
3
Oscar Lyon Whittle (Day
Scholar)
Latchford . .
1902
4
John Waites
T,a,ncaster
1904
WILLIAM EDWARD BROWN'S
SUPERINTENDENCY.
1
1901
1545
James Gordon Shaw
Sheffield
1903
6
Annie Leaver
Liscard
1 901
7
Vivian Arthur Fenton
Bellamy
Fazakerley . .
1901
8
Bernard George Fenton
1
Bellamy
1,
1901
9
Ruby Emma Davey
London
1903
1550
Pattie Woodcock . .
Stockton Heath
1902
1 I
Joseph Reginald Shillcock
Warrington
1 901
2
Arthur Reginald Redfern . .
Manchester . .
1901
1
258
1901-1902
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1553 ■
Gordon Winton Fraser
Manchester . .
1904 ,
4
Walter MorreU Roberts . .
Heaton Mersey
1903
5
Joseph Henry Leighton . .
Kendal
1902
6
Hugh Ledward Woolsten-
croft (Day Scholar)
Penketh
1903
7
John Herbert Whitley
Bracken
Liverpool
1903
8
Mary Dorothy Legge
Warrington . .
1902
9
George Guest Howard
Manchester . .
1904
1560
Colin Howard
»» • • • •
1905
I
Alice Preston Escolme
Yealand Conyers
1906
2
Roger Frederic Escolme . .
,,
1906
3
Florence Mary Newton
Southport . .
1903
4
George Nicholas Cooke
West Kirby . .
1903
5
Florence Mary Carr
Famworth, Widnes. .
1905
6
Alfred Henry Holland
1902
Sao Paulo, Brazil . .
1902
7
Frederick JohnMynek5rme. .
Warrington . .
1903
8
George Mynekyme
,,
1902
9
Edward Kelsall
Bleasdale
1903
1570
George Harrison
Liverpool
1902
I '
Walter Butterfield ..
Nelson
1902
2
Edna May Clarke . .
Sunderland . .
1902
3
Arthur Campbell Leonard . .
Row, near Glasgow
(Killed at Sankey on the
day of his arrival).
4
Charles Norman Vernon . .
Preston
1902
5
Thomas Hubert Bentley . .
>f
1903
6
Gertrude Crosland
Amside
1904
7
Edgar Crosland
»» • •
1904
8
Dorothy Donaldson
Ashton-under-L3aie . .
1904
9
Marion Ormerod
Nelson
1903
1580
Joseph Davenport . .
Penketh
1903
I
Mary Elizabeth Cockerton. .
Liverpool
1903
2
Robert Owen
Southport . .
1904
3
Edward Grey Kean
Macclesfield . .
4
Gertrude Pfister . .
Widnes
1903
5
Harriet Eva Mortimer
Eccles
1905
6
Wilfred Payne
Bolton
1904
7
Mabel Payne
,,
1904
8
HUda Thorley
Manchester
1904
9
Ursula Grace Bull . .
New Brighton
1903
1590
Marion Olive Leaver
Liscard
1906
I
George Arthur Slater
Ashton-upon-Mersey
1905
2
Samuel Kerr McNaUy
Seedley
1904
3
Alice Ormisher
Stockport
1905 ,
4
Sidney Dransfield . .
Oldham
1904 ,
5
James Macduff Wilson
Birkenhead . .
1905
1903-1904
259
No,
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1903
1596
Agnes Dorothy Dale
Salford
1906
7
May Grieve . . . . ' Liverpool
1906
8
Edith Taylor
Oldham
1906
9
William Elliot Mackenzie . .
Chester
. 1904
1600
Reginald Charles Thomas
O'Brien
Liverpool
. 1905
I
Hugh Vernon Jones
,,
. 1903
2
Samuel Emelin Jones
,,
• 1903
3
Arthur Rowland Jones
,,
. 1904
4
Charles Herbert Clark
,,
. 1904
5
George Mason Kelsall
Wyresdale . .
• 1905
6
Henry Arthur Crick
Manchester . .
1906
7
Albert Edward EUershaw . .
,,
• 1905
8
Roland Gilbert
New Brighton
1905
9
Wilfred Olive
Bedford Leigh
1610
James Bryden
Salford
1906
I
Alan Carruthers
Liverpool
2
Raymond Carruthers
>> • •
3
Constance Margaret Wood . .
Bolton
. 1904
4
Catherine Emma Mary Powell
Liverpool
1906
• 5
Eliza Emma Howard
Manchester . .
1906
6
Edith Wood
,,
1904
7
Elizabeth Kelsall . .
Bleasdale
1904
8
Mary Brandrett
Manchester . .
1906
9
Norah Aileen Bubb
Malvern Link
1904
1620
Muriel Kathleen Eraser
Manchester . .
! 1904
I
Hannah Griffiths
Bramhall
1905
2
Gretchen Carruthers
Liverpool
3
Gulielma Harrison . .
1904
Westhoughton
4
Hilda Nelson
Preston
1906
5
Frank Chapman
Chester
1905
6
Ethel May McGowan
Kendal
1904
7
Margaret Houghton
Claughton, Garstang
1904
8
Mary Davenport (Day
Scholar)
Penketh
9
John Bacon Reade
Manchester . .
1906
1630
Theodore Veevers Thompson
Ashton-on-Ribble . .
1907
I
James Midgley
Morecambe . .
1907
2
Herbert Graham Bower . .
Southport
1904
3
Albert Edward Tickle
St. Helens . .
4
Annie Lowe
Westhoughton
5
Stanley Nightingale
Warrington . .
6
Thos. Edwin Hughes O'Brien
Liverpool
1907
7
Allan Grimshaw
Darwen
1905
8
Hubert Eugene Pollard . .
Manchester . .
1
20
26o
1904-1906
No.
1639
1640
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1650
I
2
3
4
5
8
9
1572
1660
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1670
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Namk.
Amelia Newbold
Ethel Mary Rodwell
Muriel Haigh
Mary Dilworth Abbatt
Ruth Mary Graveson
Ben Parsonage (Day Scholar)
1906
George Richardson
John Brundrit Sankey
Mona Barton
Harry Reginald Leaver
Edward Richardson Brown
Frank Nuttall
Mary Howard (Day Scholar)
Eleanor Taylor .(Day Scholar)
Reginald Sidney Pollard
Bertha May Rodwell
Gladys Mary Hodgkinson
(Day Scholar)
Peter Hodgkinson (Day
Scholar) . .
George Francis Fitzwalter
Bennest (Day Scholar) . .
Stanley Baron Eckersley .
Mary Ellen Huddleston .
Edna May Clarke (2nd time)
Joseph John Kelsall
Edwin Shield
Thomas Scott
Herbert Edwin Wood
Edward Spencer Hall
Margaret Wroe
1906
Olive Alice Ransome
Edwin Oakes Ransome
Annie Edith George
Ifor Weston Thomas
Elizabeth Harrison
Joseph Harrison
NeUie Crick
Emmeline Hall
Nellie Hall
William Watkin
William Henry Robinson
Hubert William Renison
Robert Ford James
Residence.
I Left.
Fritchley
Manchester
Manchester
Preston
Liscard
Penketh
Whaley Bridge
Teignmouth . .
Stockport
Liscard
Penketh School
Urmston
Bold
Sankey
Manchester . .
Manchester . .
Bold ..
Bold ..
Sankey
Wigan
Bleasdale
Sankey
Stockport
Runcorn
Bamston
Farnworth Widnes
Cheadlehulme
Sale
Garstang
Hale " '.'.
Tal-y-cafn
Rock Ferry . .
Rock Ferry . .
Manchester . .
Cheadlehulme
Upton, near Widnes
Heswall
Seacombe
Cheadle Heath
1904
1905
1905
1905
1906
1907
1906
1905
1905
1906
1906
1906
1906
1906
1906
1907
1906
1906-7
261
No.
Name.
Residence.
Left.
1679
Herbert Bransby Clarke . .
Manchester . .
1680
George Walter Rod>yell . .
,,
I
Jacob Johnson
Seacombe
. 1907
2
Robert Joseph Walls
Liverpool
3
Robert Harvey Rowson . .
Chester
4
Arthur Simpson
Penwortham . .
5
Cyril Mortimore
Altrincham . .
6
Harold Mortimore . .
Altrincham . .
7
Ralph Wroe Midgley
Morecambe . .
8
Leonard Rushworth Hardern
Manchester
9
Susannah Bell
Newton-le- Willows .
1690
Olivia Finlay McKenna
Liverpool
I
Mona Robinson
St. Helens . .
2
Emily Kathleen Brown
Manchester . .
3
Olive Lilian Dodd . .
1907
Liverpool
4
Albert Greenhalgh . .
Bolton
5 ^
John Hood Thompson
Eccles
6
Howard Bransby . .
Levenshuline
Hugh Ledward Woolstencrof t
Penketh
(Second time).
7
Arthur Jameson
St. Helens . .
8
George Atherton
»» • • •
9
Ernest Longton
Bolton
1700
James Douglas McTear
Rainhill
I
Lancelot Sylvester McTear. .
»»
2
Margaret Harrison . .
Rockferry
3
Frances Davenport . .
Penketh. Day
Scholar
4
Leslie George Alletson
FHnt . . .
5
Harold Grainger Lewis
Wilmslow
6
Joseph Forster Lewis
Wilmslow
7
Peter Dennett
Padgate
8
William Henry Bates
St. Helen's .
9
Lily Wharton
Maryport
1710
Oscar Hawthomthwaite . .
Manchester .
I
Frederick Harold Royle . .
St. Helens .
2
Alfred Royle Turner
Sutton
3
George Walter Stead
Leeds
1
INDEX OF
HISTORY OF PENKETH SCHOOL.
Admissions, first, 29.
terms of, 28, ^y,
70, 71, 107, 163.
Admissions, rules relaxed, 91.
Accident, Sankey Station, 1901,
171.
Ackworth School, 16, 37, 43.
,, Association, 126.
Aim in Education, A. Pollard,
150.
Airay Mary, Matron, 30.
Alterations, 38, 68, 69, 84, 92,
136, 173-
Andrew, Roland A., 162.
Apprentices, first, 41.
,, allowance, tj.
Armfield, John G., 127.
Ashworth, John, 159.
Athletic Sports, 108, 159.
Athletic Secreta^fy, 130.
Barnard, Charles, Secretary,
117, 164.
Barnes, William, 14.
Bath, Marlpit, 81.
plunge, 39. 91-
Bathing in Mersey, 81.
Battledore and Shuttlecock, 141.
Beakbcine, H. H., 96, 158.
Beds, knife box, 32.
,, Winchester, 120.
Bell, new, 168.
Benson, Robert, 16.
Bibles given, 70.
Bill of Health. 98.
Boarding School proposed, 20,
21, 23.
Board of Education, recogni-
tion, 171.
Board of Education, inspection,
177.
Board of Education, report, 177.
Books, reading, 42, 44.
Botany of Penketh, 192.
Bradshaw, Christopher, 1 20,
128, 130, 151.
Braithwaite, Jane G., 104, 122.
Bright, Jacob, 16, 41.
Bright, John, 14, 18.
Brooke, Charles S., 157.
Brown, W. E., B.A., 7, 168.
Brown, Edith M., 168.
Buildings, description, 54.
schoolroom, 38, 92.
Caer Dyke, 9.
Cambridge Syndicate, 95, 99,
102, 125.
Central Education Committee,
183.
Cheshire, 9.
,, Lines Committee, 11,
122.
Children, number of, 20, 44, 58,
59. 71* 76, 82, 86, 91, 96, 107,
109, 117, 119, 124, 148, 152,
165, 168, 171, 172.
Children, highest number of,
107. *
Christmas Holiday, 74, 94, 97,
lOI.
Christmas, Entertainments, 144.
Clark, Matthew K., 104.
Classes for Pupil Teachers, 176.
„ changed to Forms, 170.
Clothing, discontinued by school,
71.
Coaches, Warrington, 10.
Cobblers' Square, 13.
College of Preceptors, 162, 163.
Colonies at Home, 22.
Committee, General, 32.
,, Women, 32, 33.
United, 107.
Conference, Quarterly Meeting,
70.
Cooke, Isaac, 20, 24, 25, 26, 29,
30. 31. ll> 35-
Cooke, Isaac, decease, 85.
Corporation, Warrington, 105,
112.
Cost of children, 36, 61.
Cost of clothes, 31, 73.
Cottages built, 88.
Cotton, T. A. and C, 6.
Country around, 56.
263
264
INDEX.
Cricket at Ackworth, 82.
,, Crease, 139.
,, Field, 159.
,, Matches, 140, 153.
Cropper, James, 16, 23, 24, 25,
26, 31. 33, 35. 39. 40.
Cropper, James, decease, 26, 39.
Thomas, 25.
Crosfield, Joseph, 24, 29, 30, 46.
Cumber, Charles, 73, 74.
Curriculum, 43, 49, 50.
Cycling, 157.
Darbyshire, Wm., 96, 97.
Davies, John, 29, 30.
Davis, Florence H., 102, 106.
,, Denis, 144, 145.
Davy, Joshua H. enters, 83.
,, leaves, 85.
Day Scholars admitted, 150.
Degrees of Teachers, 176.
Diet, 30, 62, 141.
Dilworth, Alice, 102.
Dining-room, 54.
Windows, 93.
Discipline, Dark ages, 60.
Doe Green, 13.
Dormitories, Girls, 93.
Boys, 173, 174.
Drawing Master, first, 78.
Ablett system,
151. 152.
Drawing Master, Report of, 103.
Edmondson, Joseph, 14, 18, 24,
29. 32. 33-
Education Conference, 42, 43,
46.
Education Society, 49, 52.
Entrance Gates, 92.
Entomology of Penketh, 195.
Estimate of Society of Friends,
22.
Evens, Samuel, enters first time,
66.
Evens, Samuel, 7, 74, 75.
second time, 86.
in France, 89.
leaves, 74, 89.
,, Annie, decease, 66, 73.
,, Hannah, 71, 86.
,, Anne Drewry, 72, 86.
Examination, children, 32.
Cambridge Syndi-
cate, 95, 99, 102, 125.
Examination, Music, 124.
Fielden Thorp, 125.
Examination, College of Pre-
ceptors, 162, 163.
Executive Old Scholars' Associa-
tion, 6.
Extension of Buildings, 1903,
Excursions, 57, 96, 97.
Hale, 62.
Overton Hills, no.
Monsal Dale, 141,
142.
Excursions, Windermere, 143,
151.
Family at Penketh, 11.
Farm work, boys, 82.
Fayle, Joshua, 78.
Fernhead Orphanage, 26.
Fiddler's Ferry, 9, 11.
Field Club Boys, 138, 143, 149.
Old Boys, 138, 139.
Fire at School, 96.
Follows, F. W., 102, 116.
Football Match, 109, no, 140,
159.
Football summary, 1888, etc..
140.
Forms instead of Classes, 170.
Forster, Josiah, queries, 43.
Foss Dyke, 9.
Fothergill, Dr., 14.
Fox, George, 13.
Free dinner to Old Scholars, 99,
130.
French, 42, 150.
correspondence, 150.
Friend, British, 69, 72.
Friends' Meeting House, 13.
,, ,, School, 10, 14.
,, Resident, 96, 152.
Friend, The, 22, 46, 69.
Friars, Hermit, 12.
Friar Penketh, 12.
Games, 53, 64, 67, 82, 139. 152.
Gardens, Boys', 88, 89, 160.
Garnett, Robert,, 33.
Gas from Warrington, 136.
General Meeting, first, 34.
attendance, 98.
,, ,, Good Friday,
109, 120, 122.
General Meeting, Whit Monday,
123.
General Meeting, transferred to
July, 152.
General Meeting, Manchester,
172.
INDEX.
265
General Meeting, Liverpool, 172.
Geology of Penketh, 185.
Gifts, 41, 87.
Girl head of each class, 153.
Glaister, Jos. W., 135.
Goulden, Joseph, 79, 96, 112.
Governess, 37, 170.
Great Sankey, 9, 13.
School, 14.
Greenbank, Prof., 96.
Greystone Heath, 13.
Groom, William, 7, 37, 41, 59,
62, 65.
Groom, William, retires, 64.
Gumersall, Jos. T., 7, 119, 146,
147.
Gumersall, Louisa, 7.
Guy Fawkes' day, 53.
Gymnasium, 159.
Hardshaw Estates, grant, 80.
Monthly Meeting, 18.
Harrison, George, 14.
Headlam, J. W., Report, 177.
Headmaster's Secretary, 171.
Hills, John F., 138, 154.
Hilton, Arthur A., 120.
History of School proposed, 113.
,, abandoned,
116.
History of School, 132, 133.
Hockey, 131, 152.
Hodgkinson, Arnold, 164.
Hodgson, Mary, 106.
Hodgson, J. Spence, 108, 114,
129, 130, 137, 139, 156.
Holdsworth, J. and M., 80.
Holidays, 37, 38, 74.
Christmas, 74, 94,
97, Id.
Holmes, C. John, 62, 78, 96, 117,
169.
Holmes, C. Jackson, 130, 169,
175.
Horse bought, 79.
,, Bob, no.
Hospital tents, iii.
Howard's Charity, 87.
Howell, Thos. G., 7, 42, 51, 53.
Industrial Exhibitions, 102.
104.
Industrial Exhibition, Bronze
Medal, 104, 105.
Industrial Exhibition prizes, 105.
Infectious diseases, 97, 10 1.
,, ,, hospital, 105.
Inspection, Board of Education,
177-
Inspectors, 72.
Irish famine, 62.
Jackson, James A., 7.
Jesper, Charles Fred, 98, 103.
Jubilee Committee, 113.
Jubilee of School, 112, 113.
Memorial, 5, 115, 116.
Knife-box Beds, 32, 120.
Labour, Boys* and Girls', 31,
44, 51, 82.
Lancashire Quarterly Meeting,
16, 19, 21.
Land, lease of, 33.
bought, 41, 88, 94.
sold, J. Turner, 87.
,, Rail Company, 88.
,, transferred, 23.
Legacies, 62, 73, 84, 87, 94, 106,
126, 169.
Le Tall, B. B., 88, 89.
Lettsom, J. C, 10, 14.
I Library, Children's, 45.
„ Reference, 129.
I List of Teachers and Officers, 6.
I ,, Scholars, 113, 129.
I Literary and Scientific Asso-
ciation, 137.
' Little, Thomas, 98, 153.
Little, Arnold, 98.
Liverpool, 9.
Loan of ;f3,ooo, 173.
I L. and N.W. Railway, 10.
Lunt, Samuel, 78.
I Management, extension of, 180.
i Marlpit filled up, 88.
re-constructed, 91.
Marsden Monthly Meeting, 16.
Mason, Mary Emily, 6.
\ Masters' Fund, 40, 126.
Room, 92.
Matron, 24, 25, 30, 112, 169.
,, Room, 94.
Meeting House Cottage, 96.
Mersey, 9.
Mid-week Meeting discontinued,
162.
Mills, Mary, 102.
Milner, John P., 29, 30.
Mixed Teaching, 37, 84, 107, 169.
,, at Meals, 170.
Games, 170.
266
INDEX.
Monks, Fredk. W., 91, 131.
Mono-Rail, 164.
Music Teaching, 100, 117, 123.
Mistress, 161.
Natural History Journal, 98,
103, 109, III, 139, 140, 157,
159.
Nodal, Joseph, 116.
Northern Photo Engraving Com-
pany, Ltd., 132.
Needlework, London Institute,
170.
Oddie, John, 30.
Elizabeth, 42.
Offices, Boys' and Girls', 71.
Officers, Staff, 36, 45, 59, 71, 72,
76, 83, 86, 90, 119, 149, 168.
Old Scholars' Association, Pen-
keth, 116.
Old Scholars' Association, Pen-
keth, History of, 127.
Old Scholars' Association, Croy-
don and Saffron Walden, 127.
Old Scholars' Day, Good Friday,
128.
Old Scholars' Day, June, 133.
Old Scholars* Association Free
Dinners, 99, 130.
Old Scholars' Association Sec-
retary, 128, 129, 130.
Old Scholars' Association, Trea-
surer, 128, 130.
Old Scholars' Association Presi-
dent, 128, 131, 133, 135.
Old Scholaus' Association Grants,
summary, 135.
Old Scholars' Association Prizes,
Bat and Racquet, 153.
Old Scholars' Association Move-
ment, 126.
Opening of New Wing, 174, 175.
Ornithology of Penketh, 189.
Pack Horses, 10.
Past and Present, 88, 120, 132,
145.
Past and Present, History of,
1893-5. 154.
Past and Present, Inter-school
Journal, 155.
Pease, Joseph, Gift, 87, 91.
Legacy, 94.
Peckover, Edmund, 14.
Penketh, Family, 1 1 .
House, 24, 29, 30, 33.
Penketh Old Scholars* Associa-
tion, 116.
Penketh Preparative Meeting,
17, 18.
Penketh School Hospital, 112,
121.
Penketh School Jubilee, 113.
,, Village, 9.
Township, 9.
Penn, William, 14.
„ Springett, 14.
Photo Record Penketh, 1 14,
131, 132, 157.
Pictures, 106.
Playground, 159, 160.
Pollard, Albert, B.A., 6, 7, 148.
,, ,, illness, 161.
,, „ resigns, 165.
„ presentation, 166.
,, decease, 167.
,, „ Jane H., 7, 148,
167.
Prescot, 9, 13.
Preparative, Penketh, 1 7, 18.
Property, gift of, 33.
Proud, John W., B.A., 138, 155.
Punishments, 32, 136.
Quaker Cyclists, 158.
Qualifications of the Master, 24.
Quarterly Meeting, Children
attend, 121.
Railway, Manchester and Liver-
pool, 10.
Rainhill. 10.
Rawdon, 49.
Reading Book, first, 42.
Club, 151.
,, Evening, 71.
Reason for starting Penketh
School, 22.
Redfern, S. J., 120.
Reference Library, 129, 130, 151.
Registers of Friends, 14.
Regulations for School, 28.
Report, first, of Committee, 2^.
Resignation of Old Scholars'
Association Officers, 130.
Reunion, Old Scholars, 129, 133.
Reynolds, R. P., 166.
Richardson's Fund, 45, '46, 70,
125.
Richardson, Frederick, enters, y6.
,, leaves, 82.
Road, New Cinder, 121.
Roberts, F. Walter, 103.
Roberts, F. Morrell, 6, 133.
INDEX.
267
Robinson, F. William, 128, 140,
144.
Roeder, Emma, 106.
Rous, Frederick, H., 49.
Routh, Richard, 54.
St. Helens, 9, 10.
Sanatorium, 112.
Sankey Brook Nav., 9.
Chapel, 13.
Station, 122.
Sargent, F. J., 144.
H. C, 158.
Scarlet Fever, 1 1 1 .
Scholarships, Penketh Old
Scholars* Association, 133, 134.
Scholarships, County Council,
176.
Scholarships, Committee, first,
163.
School Chronicle, 128.
„ Estate described, 57.
„ ,, Valuation, 57, 84,
109, 117, 164.
School Farm let, 121.
Girls', discontinued, 61.
reopened, 71.
opened Penketh House,
33-
School, opening of Present, 33.
,, rooms, New, 38.
Boys, built, 92.
Committee, Secretary, 24,
78, 117, 164.
School Committee, Treasurer ,
78, 24, 169.
School, Secretary to Head
Master, 171.
Shed for Boys, 92.
Sibford School, 54.
Sidcot School, 72.
Sim, Joseph, 30.
Skating, 155, 156, 157.
Skipping, 140.
Sleeping in Meeting, 64.
Small Meeting's Committee, 152.
Smith, John Edgar, B.Sc, 7, 149.
Snow figures, 141.
Social Evenings in School, 163.
Spencer, James, 7.
Standing, Edward, 6.
Stocks Lane altered, 88.
Storm, 56.
Sub-committee, first, 29.
Subscriptions, 21, 23, 36, 58, 61,
74, 80, 87, 94, 117, 144, 165.
Sutton Heath ColUeries, 9.
Swimming, 108.
Sykes, George, 89.
Table of Subscriptions, etc.
184
Tabular Statement, 47, 48.
Teachers' Room, Ladies, 93.
Terms introduced, 151.
Testimonies for services, 10 1.
102.
Theodore, E. G., B.A., 145.
Thermometer at zero, loi.
Thistlethwaite, Wm., 22, 27,
32, 46, 57, 58.
Thistlethwaite, Betsy, 41.
Thompson, Gilbert, 14.
F. W., 132.
Timperleyi W. G., 131, 133.
Tithes, 80.
Ton j or off, Kitty, 146.
Trainees, Flounders, 85, 102,
120.
Trainees, Mount, 102.
Trust Deed, 35.
Trustees, 34.
Turner, James, 6, 7, 78, 86.
,, Marriage, 87.
,, Superintendent,
90.
Turner, James, Resigns, 118.
,, Hannah, 90, 118.
Visits from Schools, 48, 49, 54.
Walks, Winwick, 141.
Warrington, 141.
Wane, Emily, 169.
Ward, H. G., 163.
Warrington, 9, 10.
Wash-house, 93.
Washing Cellar, 93.
Water famine, 160.
supply, TJ, 136, 161.
West, Edward, 37.
Whitten, Maria, 37, 41.
Widnes, 11.
Wilberforce, 25.
Willmott, Walter W.. 7, 72.
Kate, 169.
Wilson, Benjamin B., 114.
Woolman, Jas., B.A., 132.
Workshop, Boys', 53, 92.
Worth, R. Grace, 135.
Yearly Meeting's Minute, 18,
40.
Youde, Thos., Jun., 133.
INDEX TO LIST OF
TEACHERS AND SCHOLARS.
Abbatt, 260.
Abel, 209.
Abraham, 221.
Adair, 200, 252.
Adams, 256.
Addey, 256.
Ady, 218.
Airey, 213, 219.
Albright, 229, 231, 232, 233.
Alderson, 219
Aldridge, 253, 254.
Alexander, 231.
Allen, 220, 231, 232.
AUetson, 239, 242, 246, 261.
Alston, 248.
Ambler, 255.
Amos, 241.
Anderson, 257.
Andrew, 252.
Andrews, 210, 238, 241, 242.
Appleby, 230.
Appleton, 235.
Apsimon, 248.
Ashworth, 222, 252.
Astin, 222.
Atherton, 261.
Atkinson, 218.
Auckland, 238.
Aylward, 204, 254.
Baguley, 252.
Baillie, 214.
Baines, 218.
Bake, 230, 231, 233.
Balkwill, 215.
Balmford, 253.
Barber, 254, 255.
Bardsley, 248.
Barnes, 218, 221, 222.
Barrow, 241, 242.
Barton, 203, 225, 260.
Bates, 261.
Baxter, 255.
Beakbane, 240, 241, 242, 243,
250.
Beale, 219.
Beasley, 240.
Bell, 225, 261.
Bellamy, 257.
Benington, 226.
Bennest, 260.
Benson, 225.
Bentley, 215, 258.
Bethell, 232.
Bevington, 225, 226, 228.
Binks, 238.
Binns, 225, 230.
Birkhead, 236.
Birrell, 235.
Bishop, 229, 230.
Bissell, 241, 246, 249.
Blayds, 231.
Blundell, 231, 242, 248.
Boardman, 221, 224, 227.
Bodmer, 250.
Booth, 245.
Bower, 259.
Bowman, 240, 241.
Bracken, 258.
Bradshaw, 224, 225.
Bragg, 211, 221, 239, 240, 243.
Braithwaite, 200, 207.
Brandrett, 259.
Bransby, 261.
Bray, 249.
Brevitor, 209.
Bridge, 240.
Brierly, 246, 249.
Brightmore, 239.
Briggs, 251.
Brining, 221, 222, 223, 224.
Brocklehurst, 218, 219, 221, 225.
Brook, 227, 228, 254.
Brooke, 236.
Bromley, 222.
Brotherton, 237.
Browett, 206.
Brown, 199, 214, 232, 260, 261.
Brunt, 230, 232.
Bryce, 224.
Bryden, 259.
Bubb, 257, 259.
Buck, 225, 229.
Buckley, 241, 242, 245.
Bull, 256, 258.
Burgess, 202.
268
Burley, 238.
Burslem, 250.
Burton, 234, 235, 238, 239, 248.
Burtonwood, 249, 251.
Busby, 246.
Butterlield, 254, 258.
Butterworth, 249.
Byrom, 246.
Calderbank, 228, 233.
Caldwell, 225, 239, 243.
Campbell, 250.
Cantor, 254.
Capper, 218.
Car line, 240, 241, 242, 246.
Carr, 254, 256, 257, 258.
Carruthers, 259.
Carson, 233, 234, 239.
Cartwright, 200, 205, 221.
Carter, 232, 247, 250, 251, 253.
Casson, 206, 235.
Casterdine, 219.
Castree, 255.
Caulfeild, 210, 212.
Cay ton, 242.
Chad wick, 256.
Chandler, 253.
Chapman, 214, 221, 222, 227,
257. 259.
Charnley, 222.
Charnock, 247, 248, 249.
Christie, 254.
Clapham, 250.
Clark, 201, 221, 223, 225, 243,
259.
Clarke, 226, 240, 258, 260, 261.
Clay, 250.
Clayton, 234, 253.
Clemesha, 226, 248.
Coad, 219.
Coates, 246.
Cockerton, 258.
Cockett, 243.
Coe, 256.
Connell, 255.
Conning, 245.
Conway, 232, 234, 236, 237.
Cooke, 227, 230, 233, 246, 247,
248, 249, 250, 253, 257, 258.
Cooper, 224.
Cope, 229.
Copeland, 246.
Corbett, 225.
Corkeine, 238.
Cotterill, 252.
Coudray, 234.
INDEX. 269
Cragg, 224, 226, 229, 234, 241,
246, 250.
Crawshaw, 201.
Creighton, 2CK).
Crick, 259, 260.
Critchley, 218, 219.
Critchlow, 249, 250, 251, 253,
256.
Crookes, 253.
Crosby, 220.
Crosland, 258.
Cross, 220.
Cryer, 247.
Culshaw, 256.
Cumine, 233.
Currie, 244.
Curtis, 251.
Dacre, 251, 257.
Dagnall, 231, 240.
Dale, 223, 245, 255, 256, 259.
Darbyshire, 206, 228, 250, 251,
252, 254.
Davenport, 256, 258, 259, 261.
Davidson, 201, 254, 255.
Davies, 203, 207, 219, 221, 225,
226, 228, 230, 232, 235, 236,
245, 246, 248, 251, 257.
Davis, 209, 211, 234.
Davison, 220, 236.
Davey, 254, 255, 257.
Davy, 198, 209, 213, 226, 228,
230, 233, 235.
Dawes, 201,
Dawson, 222.
Dean, 228, 230, 232.
Dearnaly, 231.
Dell, 223.
Denby, 243.
Dennett, 261.
Dewhurst, 203.
Dick, 236.
Dickinson, 221, 223, 240, 243.
Dilworth, 211, 235, 239, 242,
244.
Ditchfield, 223.
Dixon, 210.
Dodd, 261.
Dodds, 257.
Dodson, 249.
Doeg, 236, 239, 241, 245, 246.
Donaldson, 254, 258.
Douglas, 228, 229.
Dow, 257.
Doyle, 224, 226, 227, 229, 230.
Dransfield, 258.
Drewry, 248.
270 IMDEX.
Driver, 200.
Duckett, 242, 248.
Dudley, 203.
Duke, 254.
Dunbabin, 219.
Dunn, 229.
Dunne, 237, 241.
Dunnett, 240.
EccLESTON, 241.
Eckersley, 260.
Eddington, 240.
Edgar, 254.
Edge, 224, 226.
Elcock, 200, 236.
Ellershaw, 246, 248, 249, 252,
259.
Elgar, 253.
Ellis, 236, 237, 247.
English, 201, 255.
Escolme, 258.
Evans, 245, 247.
Evens, 198, 207, 209, 213, 232,
233.
Eyles, 234, 235.
Fairclough, 250.
Faraday, 254.
Fargie, 219, 220.
Farrand, 208.
Farrar, 236.
Fayle, 2CX), 245.
Fenemore, 247.
Fessant, 209, 232, 233, 237.
Fildes, 244.
Firth, 223.
Fisher, 234.
Fleming, 249, 253.
Fletcher, 202, 224, 229, 231,
233, 234, 236, 240.
Follows, 223, 243.
Foulkes, 201.
Fox, 227.
France, 240.
Frankland, 222.
Eraser, 258, 259.
Freeman, 226.
Fry, 200, 228.
Furness, 245.
Gandy, 237.
Garnett, 222, 235, 236, 237, 247.
Garrod, 241.
George, 260.
Gibson, 239.
Gidlaw, 244.
Gifford, 227.
Gilbert, 259.
Gilchrist, 215.
Gilders, 236.
Gill, 227.
Glaister, 231, 232, 240.
Gleave, 254.
Goodier, 247.
Goouch, 229.
Gornall, 233.
Gourley, 215.
Gowland, 207.
Graham, 248.
Graveson, 260.
Gray, 226.
Great head, 222.
Greaves, 228, 231.
Green, 227, 235.
Greenbank, 204.
Greenhalgh, 261.
Greenwood, 221.
Gregory, 240.
Gregson, 245.
Grieve, 259.
Griffiths, 218, 219, 225, 233, 235,
237. 239, 240, 243, 244, 259.
Grimshaw, 259.
Groom, 198, 200, 205, 218, 220.
Grounds, 252.
Grubb, 210, 215.
Grundy, 248, 254.
Gumersall, 199, 214.
Guthrie, 239.
Hadwen, 254, 255.
Haigh, 236, 260.
Hall, 207, 223, 229, 248, 251,
256, 260.
Halliday, 224, 225, 227, 228.
Hallwood, 254.
Hamer, 238.
Hampson, 226,
Handley, 225, 227, 228, 251,
251. 253.
Hanson, 209, 227, 228, 232.
Hardem, 261.
Hargrave, 225, 242.
Hargreaves, 210, 212, 246.
Harker, 200.
Harland, 245.
Harlock, 232, 251, 254.
Harlow, 252.
Harris, 212.
Harrison, 219, 220, 241, 258,
259, 260, 261.
Hartley, 218, 219, 240, 249,
252, 253, 256.
Hatton, 219.
INDEX
271
Haworth, 211, 219, 238, 239,
240. 241. 242, 244, 245, 249,
253* 255-
Hawthornthwaite, 261.
Hay ward, 224, 225.
Hazledine, 222, 239, 240, 241.
Hearne, 241,
Henderson, 256.
Herring, 255.
Heslop, 221.
Hewitt, 213, 220, 252.
Heyes, 246.
Heywood, 220, 247.
Hicks, 214.
Hill, 222, 244.
Hills, 202.
Hilton, 206, 241, 244.
Hinde, 213.
Hodgkinson, 260.
Hodgson, 204, 218, 224, 226,
256.
Hodson, 237, 239, 243.
Holder oft, 248, 252.
Holland, 250, 258.
Holme, 221, 222, 225.
Holmes, 230.
Hooper, 241, 245.
Hope, 218, 220, 232, 233, 235,
237. 238.
Hopkinson, 224, 229.
Houghton, 250, 252, 259.
Howard, 258, 259, 260.
Howden, 254.
Howell, 220, 245, 247.
Huddleston, 260.
Hughes, 201, 238, 239, 240, 247,
248.
Hunter, 223.
Hyde, 220.
Ingham, 248.
Isherwood, 223, 228, 243.
Jackson, 226, 234, 237, 238,
256.
Jacob, 245, 246.
James, 260.
Jameson, 237, 261.
Jamieson, 252.
Jenkins, 202.
Jenkinson, 239.
Jellico, 223.
Jennings, 246, 255, 256.
Jesper, 231, 238, 240, 247.
Johnson, 222, 240, 255, 261.
Johnstone, 251.
Jolley, 248, 249.
Jones, 203, 222, 235, 244, 255,
259-
Jopson, 218.
Kaye, 205.
Kean, 258.
Kelly, 230.
Kelsall, 226, 228, 229, 231, 233,
234, 236, 238, 240, 253, 258,
259, 260.
Kendle, 202.
Ken worthy, 237, 250.
Kershaw, 205, 221, 234.
Kilner, 211, 240.
Kincey, 236, 237, 239.
King, 232, 234, 235, 248.
Kirby, 243.
Kitching, 225, 244.
Knapton, 253, 256.
Knight, 204, 242, 249.
Knowles, 203, 229, 244, 245,
254.
Labrey, 227.
Lamb, 207, 223, 228, 237, 242,
255-
Lallement, 231, 232, 233.
Latimer, 231, 234, 235.
Laurence, 206, 228, 248, 252,
253.
Lawton, 229, 232, 233, 237.
Lay cock, 226, 227.
Lea, 238.
Leadbeater, 219, 224.
Leadbitter, 241.
Leather, 232.
Leaver, 255, 257, 258, 260.
Lees, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225,
227, 229, 236, 237, 250.
Legge, 258.
Leicester, 200, 226, 228, 233,
243, 245, 250, 253.
Leigh, 219.
Leighton, 258.
Leonard, 258.
Le Tall, 233.
Lewis, 261.
Lindsay, 224.
Linney, 202.
Little, 206, 239.
Lloyd, 251, 252, 255.
Lockwood, 209.
Long, 225.
Longshaw, 245.
Longton, 261.
Londsale, 218.
Lord, 244.
272
INDEX.
Lowe, 243, 244, 246, 247, 252,
253. 254, 255, 256, 259.
Lucas, 221, 222.
Lunt, 205, 225, 226, 229, 232,
253.
Lynch, 229.
Lyon, 220.
McCheane, 254.
McClure, 222, 227.
McGill, 236, 237.
McGowan, 259.
Machin, 231, 236, 239.
McKechnie, 253.
McKenna, 261.
Mackenzie, 259.
McKinnon, 222.
McMichael, 242, 245.
McNally, 258.
McTear, 248, 261.
Main, 257.
Main waring, 255.
Malver, 227.
Marrow, 251.
Marsden, 225, 252.
Marsh, 228, 229, 230, 233.
Marshall, 237, 240, 247.
Marten, 208.
Martin, 221, 222.
Massey, 240, 241, 256.
Mason, 220, 228, 239, 240, 243,
244, 245, 248, 250, 252, 253.
Matthews, 235, 236, 240, 252.
Matton, 220, 221.
Maudsley, 203.
Maw, 205, 224, 239.
Meade, 236.
Mercer, 245.
Metcalfe, 230, 233, 237, 245,
246, 255.
Midgley, 259, 261.
Milbourne, 223.
Milling, 248.
Mills, 205, 206, 211, 236, 237.
Minton, 236.
Monk, 241.
Monkhouse, 235.
Monks, 235, 245.
Moorcroft, 242.
Moore, 215, 244.
Morris, 209, 219, 220, 221, 223.
Morrison, 229, 230.
Mortimer, 257, 258.
Mortimore, 261.
Moses, 239.
Moss, 208, 228, 229, 231, 234,
236, 239.
Murray, 247.
Mynekyne, 258.
Nash, 253.
Neale, 220, 221.
Neason, 244.
Neild, 225, 247.
Nelson, 238, 253, 255, 259.
Newbold, 230, 260.
Newhouse, 246, 253.
Newton, 229, 230, 231, 234.
247, 256, 258.
Nickalls, 214.
Nightingale, 259.
Nixon, 251.
Nodal, 224, 225, 238, 244.
Nuttall, 260.
O'Brien, 202, 228, 233, 259.
Oddie, 205, 207, 211, 220, 221,
222, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228,
230, 234, 238, 239, 244, 246.
247, 248.
Olive, 259.
Oliver, 235, 237.
O'Neil, 248.
Ormerod, 255, 258.
Ormisher, 253, 258.
Orrell, 243, 244.
Osmond, 213.
Owen, 255, 258.
Parker, 244.
Parkinson, 219, 220, 243, 244,
246, 249, 251, 255.
Parry, 246.
Parsonage, 209, 253, 260.
Patley, 230.
Paull, 227.
Payne, 225, 258.
Peake, 254, 256.
Pearson, 221, 222, 228, 232, 255.
Peck, 256.
Pennock, 230.
Penrose, 222.
Percival, 248, 249, 251, 252,
253, 254.
Perkins, 249.
Perry, 203.
Pfister, 258.
Phillips, 225, 226, 229, 238.
Pickard, 208.
Pickup, 239.
Pierpoint, 252.
Pimlott, 249, 250.
Pollard, 199, 214, 253, 259, 260.
Pollitt, 251, 255.
INDEX.
273
Pontefract, 232.
Porter, 222, 225.
Powell, 257, 259.
Poyser, 223.
Preston, 235, 238, 250.
Priestman, 222, 224, 231, 232,
233, 246, 253.
Proud, 203, 206.
Radcliffe, 244, 250, 254.
Ramsey, 245.
Ransome, 260.
Rathbone, 252.
Ray, 245.
Rayner, 228, 229, 232, 235.
Read, 256.
Reade, 259.
Redfern, 256, 257.
Renison, 233, 234, 241, 260.
Reynolds, 202, 203, 247.
Rhodes, 250.
Richards, 239.
Richardson, 198, 213, 257, 260.
Roberts, 220, 223, 232, 234, 235,
236, 237, 258.
Robinson, 201, 220, 221, 222,
224, 226, 233, 240, 248, 249,
255, 260, 261.
Robson, 206.
Rodwell, 256, 260, 261.
Rogers, 241.
Rothwell, 220.
Routledge, 242.
Rowe, 236.
Rowlinson, 241.
Rowntree, 202.
Rowson, 261.
Royle, 261.
Rushworth, 250.
Russell, 221, 238.
Sadler, 207, 211, 251.
Salthouse, 238.
Samuel, 240.
Sanders, 210.
Sandiford, 226.
Sankey, 249, 253, 260.
Sansom, 244.
Sargent, 201, 205, 249.
Scott, 248, 260.
Seddon, 218, 247.
Seed, 220, 222, 224, 225, 226.
Sefton, 219, 220.
Sephton, 240.
Shannon, 221, 222, 226.
Sharp, 225, 250.
Shaw, 224, 240, 241, 245, 255,
257.
Shepherd, 251.
Shield, 260.
Shillcock, 257.
Shorrocks, 243.
Short, 242.
Sidebotham, 256.
Simmons, 250.
Simpson, 201, 238, 261.
Sixsmith, 227.
Skellon, 237.
Skelton, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238.
Slack, 235.
Slater, 258.
Smiley, 255.
Smith, 202, 206, 212, 219, 221,
222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227,
228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234,
236, 237, 242, 246, 247, 253,
254. 255.
Southall, 221.
Southan, 224, 227, 228, 229,
230, 233.
Speak, 256.
Spence, 220, 243.
Spencer, 222, 249, 252.
Spink, 201.
Standing, 232.
Stanley, 242.
Stead, 261.
Stephens, 223.
Stephenson, 241.
Stevens, 203.
Steward, 251.
Storey, 244, 248, 251.
Stout, 230.
Stuttard, 256.
Sutton, 215, 249, 250, 251, 255.
Swift, 243, 244.
Swinborn, 254.
Swindells, 223, 227.
Sykes, 233.
Taylor, 231, 232, 234, 237, 244,
246, 257, 259, 260.
Tennant, 210.
Tetley, 251.
Thacker, 221.
Theobald, 206.
Thistlethwaite, 198, 201, 211,
213, 219, 221, 227, 235, 244,
246.
Thomas, 260.
Thompson, 204, 218, 219, 220,
222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228,
229. 230, 231, 236. 237, 238,
239, 244, 253, 256, 259, 261.
Thorley, 254, 256, 258.
274
INDEX
Thorp, 215.
Thorpe, 203, 230, 243, 245, 250.
Threlfall, 222, 223, 228, 235.
Tickle, 245, 247, 248, 256, 257,
. 259-
Till, 231.
Timperley, 243.
Tonge, 244.
Tonjoroff, 251.
Topper, 224.
Toulson, 237.
Townson, 244.
Tregilgas, 218, 219, 221, 222, 224.
Trent, 244.
Trimmer, 227.
Troughton, 240.
Tuke, 229, 235.
Tunstall, 255.
Turner, 199, 200, 201, 203, 205,
214, 219, 223, 226, 229, 230,
235, 242, 243, 246, 261.
Twist, 246.
Ventress, 226.
Vernon, 258.
Waddington, 223, 225, 228.
Waine, 247,
Waite, 202.
Waites, 254, 255, 257.
Wake, 243.
Walker, 235, 242, 244.
Wallis, 214, 230.
Walls, 229, 231, 232, 233, 234,
236, 242, 256, 261.
Walmsley, 211, 232, 234, 240,
244, 251. 252, 254;
Walpole, 221, 243.
Walsh. 228.
Walton, 218, 221, 223, 226,
233. 249, 250, 252.
Wane, 214.
Warburton, 240, 241, 242, 243,
247, 251.
Ward, 209, 211, 223, 248, 249,
252.
Wareing, 225, 241, 243, 252, 257.
Waring, 38.
Waterfall, 247.
Watkin, 260.
Watts, 228, 232, 233, 243.
Weaver, 219.
Webb, 253.
Webster, 219, 220, 221, 224,
225, 226, 244.
Wedmore, 209.
Wells, 210, 212, 246.
Wesley, 256. .
West, 231.
Wharton, 208, 210, 212, 236,
250, 252, 253, 255, 257, 261.
White, 219, 220, 224, 247.
Whitehead, 214, 225.
Whiteley, 243.
Whiteside, 240, 242.
Whittaker, 237.
Whitten, 207, 213, 219, 220.
222.
Whittle, 257.
Whitworth, 219, 220, 222.
Widdowson, 246.
Wilcockson, 219,241.
Williams, 206, 210, 221, 224,
236, 237, 238, 239, 242. 243,
245, 248, 249, 254, 255.
Willmott, 200, 205, 208.
Wilson, 208, 222, 229, 231, 238,
244. 258.
Winter, 220, 221, 222.
Win ward, 240.
Withers, 249.
Wood, 205, 224, 233, 234, 235,
236, 238, 242, 244, 245, 259,
260.
Woodcock, 257.
Woods, 246.
Wolstencroft, 247, 249, 254, 258,
261.
Woolman, 201.
Worsdell, 228.
Worth, 249.
Wrigby, 241.
Wright, 226, 243, 246, 249.
Wrigley, 227.
Wroe, 260.
Wyatt, 232.
Wylde, 248.
Wylie, 255.
Yelland, 243, 244, 249.
Youde, 206, 248, 252, 253, 256.
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