Full text of "Album of genealogy and biography, Cook County, Illinois : with portraits"

"LI B R.AR.Y

OF THE
UN IVER.SITY
OF ILLINOIS

92O.O773
Ail
1897

Return this book on or before the
Latest Date stamped below.

University of Illinois Library

Jin

OCT -'

AUG14

JUL08

J 2000

L161 H41

ALBUM OF GENEALOGY

AND

BIOGRAPHY

COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS

WITH PORTRAITS

EIGHTH EDITION, REVISED AND EXTENDED

CHICAGO

CALUMET BOOK & ENGRAVING CO.
1897

THE CALUMET PRESS

PRINTED BY

CALL-MET BOOK & ENGRAVING COMPANY
170-174 SOUTH CLINTON STREET

CHICAGO

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PRBFACB

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(A

E BELIEVE the time has arrived
when it becomes the duty of the
people of this county to perpetuate
the names of their pioneers, to fur-
nish a record of their early settle-
ment, and relate the story of their progress.
The civilization of our day, the enlightenment of
the age, and the duty that men of the present
time owe to their ancestors, to themselves and to
their posterity, demand that a record of their lives
and deeds should be made. In biographical history
is found a power to instruct man by precedent, to
enliven the mental faculties, and to waft down
the river of time a safe vessel, in which the names
and actions of the people who contributed to
raise this country from its primitive state may be
preserved. Surely and rapidly the great and
aged men, who in their prime entered the wilder-
ness and claimed the virgin soil as their heritage,
are passing to their graves. The number remain-
ing who can relate the incidents of the first days
of settlement is becoming small indeed, so that
actual necessity exists for the collection and pres-
ervation of events without delay, before all the
early settlers are cut down by the scythe of Time.
To be forgotten has been the great dread of
mankind from remotest ages. All will be forgot-
ten soon enough, in spite of their best works and
the most earnest efforts of their friends to preserve
the memory of their lives. The means employed
to prevent oblivion and to perpetuate their mem-
ory have been in proportion to the amount of intel-
ligence they possessed. The pyramids of Egypt
were built to perpetuate the names and deeds of
its great rulers. The exhumations made by
the archaeologists of Egypt from buried Memphis
indicate a desire of those people to perpetuate the
memory of their achievements. The erection of
the great obelisks was for the same purpose.
Coming down to a later period, we find the Greeks
and Romans erecting mausoleums and rnonu-

ments, and carving out statues to chronicle their
great achievements and carry them down the
ages. It is also evident that the Mound-builders,
in piling up their great mounds of earth, had but
this idea to leave something to show that they
had lived. All these works, though many of
them costly in the extreme, give but a faint idea
of the lives and characters of those whose memory
they were intended to perpetuate, and scarcely
anything of the masses of the people that then
lived. The great pyramids and some of the
obelisks remain objects only of curiosity; the
mausoleums, monuments and statues are crumb-
ling into dust.

It. was left to modern ages to establish an intel-
ligent, undecaying, immutable method of perpet-
uating a full history immutable, in that it is al-
most unlimited in extent and perpetual in its ac-
tion ; and this is through the art of printing.

To the present generation, however, we are in-
debted for the introduction of the admirable sys-
tem of local biography. By this system every
man, though he has not achieved what the world
calls greatness, has the means to perpetuate his
life, his history, through the coming ages, for the
benefit of his posterity.

The scythe of Time cuts down all; nothing of
the physical man is left. The monument which
his children or friends may erect to his memory
in the cemetery will crumble into dust and pass
away; but his life, his achievements, the work he
has accomplished, which otherwise would be for-
gotten, is perpetuated by a record of this kind.

To preserve the lineaments of our companions
we engrave their portraits; for the same reason
we collect the attainable facts of their history.
Nor do we think it necessary, as we speak only
truth of them, to wait until they are dead, or un-
til those who knew them are gone; and we need be
ashamed only of publishing the history of those
whose lives are unworthy of public record.

'075231

PREFACE.

The greatest of English historians, MACAU-
LAY, and one of the most brilliant writers of the
present century, has said: "The history of a
country is best told in a record of the lives of
its people." In conformity with this idea, the
GENEALOGICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM of
this county has been prepared. Instead of going
to musty records, and taking therefrom dry sta-
tistical matter that can be appreciated by but few,
our corps of writers have gone to the people, the
men and women who have, by their enterprise
and industry, brought the county to a rank sec-
ond to none among those comprising this great
and noble State, and from their lips have ob-
tained the story of their life struggles. No more
interesting or instructive matter could be pre-
sented to an intelligent public. In this volume
will be found a record of many whose lives are
worthy the imitation of coming generations. It
tells how some, commencing life in poverty, by
industry and economy have accumulated wealth.
It tells how others, with limited advantages for
securing an education, have become learned
men and women, with an influence extending
throughout the length and breadth of the
land. It tells of men who have risen from the
lower walks of life to eminence as statesmen, and
whose names have become famous. It tells of
those in every walk in life who have striven to suc-
ceed, and records how success has usually crowned
their efforts. It tells also of many, very many,
who, not seeking the applause of the world, have
pursued "the even tenor of their way," content
to have it said of them, as Christ said of the
woman performing a deed of mercy "They have
done what they could." It tells how that many

in the pride and strength of young manhood left
the plow and the anvil, the lawyer's office and
the counting-room, left ever}- trade and pro-
fession, and at their country's call went forth
valiantly "to do or die," and how through their
efforts the Union was restored and peace once
more reigned in the land. In the life of every
man and of every woman is a lesson that should
not be lost to those who follow after.

Coming generations will appreciate this vol-
ume and preserve it as a sacred treasure, from
the fact that it contains so much that would never
find its way into public records, and which would
otherwise be inaccessible. Great care has been
taken in the compilation of the work, and every
opportunity possible given to those represented to
insure correctness in what has been written; and
the publishers flatter themselves that they give
to their readers a work with few errors of conse-
quence. In addition to the biographical sketches,
portraits of a number of representative citizens
are given.

The faces of some, and biographical sketches
of many, will be missed in this volume. For this
the publishers are not to blame. Not having a
proper conception of the work, some refused to
give the information necessary to compile a sketch,
while others were indifferent. Occasionally some
member of the family would oppose the enter-
prise, and on account of such opposition the
support of the interested one would be withheld.
In a few instances men could never be found,
though repeated calls were made at their resi-
dences or places of business.

CALUMET BOOK & ENGRAVING CO.

ADDENDA.

The preparation of this volume has involved the labor of several years. Since the pages
were stereotyped, several of the subjects of biographies have passed away.

Among these are :

A. G. HURLEY .......... page 227

I. N. CAMP, 546

E. H. CASTLE, 544

J. D. CATON, 115

REV. OTTO GROENEBAUM, ........ 622

C. M. HENDERSON, 391

EDSON KEITH, 53

M. N. KlMBELL, 528

T. E. LEWIS, 297

ORRINGTON LUNT, ......... 503

JAMES MCMAHON, ......... 181

GEORGE M. PULLMAN, ... . 231

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

Ills CenturyBjllisMnj 4 Zi - ica

J. R. HOXIE.

JOHN R, HOXIE.

(JOHN RANDOLPH HOXIE. Chicago, the
I Queen of our Great West, is indebted for its
G) marvelous growth and rapid development,
which have caused the whole world to acknowl-
edge its commercial greatness, to a few men,
who, to lay the foundations of metropolitan su-
premacy, gave the best of their heart's blood,
their brain power, and nerve forces. The ma-
jority have as their reward wealth or honor, but
few have both. Among the active business men
who have acquired both was the subject of this
sketch, who obtained it through close attention
to business, and unswerving integrity and up-
rightness of character.

John R. Hoxie was born December 13, 1831,
in Macedon, near Rochester, New York, and his
parents were Cornelius and Anna (Brawnell)
Hoxie. He received a partial education in the
Macedon Academy, but as his tastes impelled
him to use every opportunity for learning busi-
ness ways, his schooldays were thus cut short.
Many stories of his youthful trading propensities
illustrate his ability in doing well for himself, and
in him could plainly be seen the future financier
and business man. On one occasion he wished
to buy a fish-hook, but as his finances were low,
he applied to the banker of the town, who lent
him three cents. After catching and disposing of
the fish he very promptly paid his debt, thus
winning the esteem of his creditor. At the age
of fourteen years he bought all the turkeys in the
neighborhood and realized a handsome profit on
them. At seventeen years of age he was able to
buy his "time" or independence from his father,
for one thousand dollars. He was always pru-

dent with his earnings, and many times walked
from Albany to Rochester to save the fare by
stage.

Mr. Hoxie became a sub-contractor on the
Niagara Falls Railroad at an early age, and later
was in the same position on the Staten Island
Railroad. While in the latter position the yellow
fever began raging and he was quarantined, but
finally escaped to the mainland. After spending
nearly two years in Virginia he returned to
Rochester, New York, where he became a dealer
in live stock, which he shipped over the Michigan
Southern and other Railroads. His fame as a
man of great business tact and ability spread
over many States, and in 1857 he received an
offer to assist in the management of the shipping
business of the Michigan Southern Railroad, with
headquarters in Chicago. This offer was re-
ceived by telegram, and hastily packing his
satchel, he told his mother he would return in a
few days; but the days lengthened into weeks,
months, and years, and he did not return home
until 1862. The officers of the company recog-
nized his ability, and the position of stock agent
was offered him, which he accepted and retained
during his connection with the road.

At this time the company was almost bankrupt,
but Mr. Hoxie infused new life into the business
by building up the freight traffic, thus saving it
from financial ruin. For this service the com-
pany was ever truly grateful, and he was retained
in office long after his active interest ceased.
Largely through his influence the Railroad was
able to retain its controlling interest in the Union
Stock Yards, and the profits from the tremendous

J. R. HOXIE.

traffic in live stock thus brought to it. When a
combined effort was made by the other roads to
induce Mr. Hoxie to retire from the service of the
Michigan Southern, he declined every consider-
ation offered him, and remained faithful through
all temptation.

From early morning until late eve did he labor
in the interest of this road, and this was practi-
cally his life work. He foresaw great possibilities
in its future, and steadily strove to carry it for-
ward to its destiny. His nature rejoiced in
victory over opposition, and the sharp competition
he often met was refreshing to his restless spirit,
and a stimulus to greater exertions. He loved
work for its own sake, not for praise and reward.
In the end, however, he paid the usual penalty
for living under such high pressure, by the in-
vasion of sickness and premature death. His
nature could not rest, and though his life was
shorter, he accomplished much more than the
majority of business men.

Though an extremely busy man, he was al-
ways cheerful, and liked the society of his fel-
lows. He was, however, a stranger to the
fashionable clubs, and made his home the scene
of his rest and recreation. His wife was a
worthy life companion, and her delight was to
make the home pleasant, having a serene manner,
a contented disposition, and being a great help to
her husband in curbing his great ambition and
teaching him the lessons of patience.

As soon as he was able Mr. Hoxie began to
invest money in securities, and so good was his
foresight that he became wealthy. In 1878 he
bought a large grant of laud from the heirs of
Dr. Hoxie, a veteran of the Texan and the Mexi-
can Wars, and an army surgeon under General
Houston. This grant embraced ten thousand
acres of land in Williamson County, Texas, to
which he added another purchase of seven thou-
sand acres. It is situated thirty-five miles from
Austin, and six thousand acres of it have been
cultivated, and fifty families reside on it.

Mr. Hoxie also bought fifty-two thousand
acres of land at Midland, Texas, in the Counties
of Martin and Andrews, this land being used for
grazing. Beside his mansion on Michigan Ave-

nue, he had a country home twenty- one miles
south of Chicago, which included seven hundred
fifty-seven acres of land. Here he spent many
hours away from the cares of business life, and
lived close to the heart of Nature. On all his
farms he has kept the buildings in excellent
repair, having built many new ones. Unlike
most business men, he early instructed his wife
in the details of his affairs, being animated by the
principle that what was his also belonged to her.
To this wise precaution his widow now largely
owes her ability to manage the property with
such success.

Mr. Hoxie made annual trips to his possessions
in the South, and to every one of these Texas
owed some improvement, and he many times
used his influence in opening some avenue of
commerce. In 1887 he decided to retire from
business, but never fully carried out his intention.
When he was in Texas he made his headquarters
at Fort Worth and there he was held in high es-
teem by all the inhabitants, and especially the
business men. Prior to his coming to this town
the business was very dull, but he inspired confi-
dence by organizing the Farmers and Mechanics'
National Bank, with a capital of one million
dollars. He was the president of this bank and
also of the First National Bank at Taylor, Texas.
He was connected with twenty other banks in this
State, his influence and standing giving them
power to exist.

In 1891, at the urgent request of the citizens
of Fort Worth, he organized Stock Yards and
Packing Houses, and the next year passed through
a strike which made his presence at the yards
necessary. This was such a severe strain on his
finely organized nervous constitution that he
never recovered his former health. A small bene-
fit was gained at Carlsbad Springs, Germany ,but
nothing could entirely stay the ravages of the
disease, diabetes, from which his death resulted.
He passed away November 21, 1896.

Mr. Hoxie was a talented man, and had many
charming traits of character. His influence was
ever for good and his advice in municipal affairs
was often sought and freely given. He was presi-
dent of the Board of Trustees of Hyde Park and a

LEONARD SWETT.

school trustee in the town of Lake. During the
centennial year he was a candidate for Congress
on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated.
Though he never afterward held any office his in-
fluence was such that he controlled many positions
of trust and responsibility. His rare wit and
skillful repartee may be said to be gifts inherited
from his mother, well-known for her good sense
and quick perception.

Mr. Hoxie became interested in the Chicago
City Railway Company and was instrumental in
extending the cable lines, being for many years
one of the largest individual stockholders. He
was many times the youngest member of various
boards of management, where he was neverthe-
less recognized as a born leader. His associates
often called him "Boy", among these being such
men as Silas B. Cobb, Daniel Jones, Solomon
Sturges, Lyman Blair, John DeKoven, Samuel
Nickerson, Lyman J. Gage, John B. Sherman,
P. D. Armour, Samuel Allerton, and others
equally well-known . He was called the ' ' Mogul ' '
of the Stock Yards Railroad along Fortieth street,
which was secured by his indefatigable energy.

In his business methods Mr. Hoxie was unlike
the average man. Though possessed of sufficient
ability to carry on numerous vast business enter-
prises at the same time, he never used books to
record his transactions, but so carefully was
everything systematized that he suffered no loss
from this fact. His was an eccentric character,
but he was no recluse, and enjoyed rare friend-
ships. He was well-known in Masonic circles,
having attained the thirty-second degree. His
wealth was accumulated in a legitimate way, and
his only extravagance was indulged in providing
for the comfort of his family. In religious
belief he was a Quaker, and helped build and
maintain the church at Twenty-sixth Street and
Indiana Avenue. The principles of his forefathers
seemed to be the guide and rule of his life.

Mr. Hoxie was married October 22, 1872, to
Mary J., daughter of P. D. Hamilton. Among
the Quakers she was known as "John's wife. "but
her husband always spoke of her with deference
as Mrs. Mary J. Hoxie. Their union was blessed
by three children, namely: John R., Junior,
Gilbert H. and Anna C.

LEONARD SWETT.

I EONARD SWETT was born August n,
1C 1825, near the village of Turner, Oxford
\ J County, Maine, on what was known as
Swett's Hill. This hill slopes in all directions,
and constitutes one of the most beautiful spots in
New England, and has ever since been owned
by the family. His father, John Swett, was born
in Gorham, Maine, February 4, 1789, and mar-
ried Remember Berry, on August 29, 1816. The
latter was born at Buckfield, Maine, December
22, 1794. They settled after their marriage on
the above-named hill, and lived and died there.
The father was seventy years old, and the mother
in her eighty-ninth year at the date of their
respective deaths.

Leonard Swett's grandfather was John Adams
Swett, named for his mother, who was Sarah
Adams, a descendant of John Quincy Adams,
President. John Adams Swett was born June 23,
1763, and died July 14, 1844. He married Betsey
Warren, who was born June 28, 1763, and died
June 3, 1846.

Leonard Swett's great-grandfather was Dr.
Stephen Swett, born at Durham, New Hampshire,
and died in Otisfield, in 1808. He married Sarah
Adams, who was born in Durham, New Hamp-
shire, and died in 1807. They were married at
Durham in 1757.

Mr. Swett, the subject of this sketch, died
June 8. 1889. He married Laura R. Quigg, of

LEONARD SWETT.

Bradford, Massachusetts, July 20, 1854, and they
had one son, Leonard H. Swett. March 5, 1886,
his wife died, and July 14, 1887, he married
Marie A. H. Decker, who survives him.

Leonard Swett was the second son and fourth
child of his parents, and they conceived the idea,
at an early date, of giving him a better education
than the town afforded, consequently he was sent
to select schools in the vicinity, and completed
his education at North Yarmouth Academy and
Waterville College, now Colby University. He
then read law for two years with Messrs. How-
ard & Shepley, at Portland, Maine, and started
in the world to seek his fortune. At first he
traveled in the South for nearly a year, then, with
the spirit of adventure, he volunteered as a sol-
dier in the Mexican War, and was under General
Scott from Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico.
The war closed in May, 1848, when Mr. Swett
returned and settled at Bloomington, Illinois. He
commenced the practice of his profession in the
fall of 1849, and gave to that profession the labor
of a life. He was in indifferent health, on ac-
count of a disease contracted in Mexico, which
rendered it impracticable for him to sit in an office
and do office work, and, therefore, at first he
commenced to travel the circuit. The bar of that
circuit, the eighth at that time, embraced many
men of marked ability, some of whom have since
acquired a national reputation. David Davis,
since distinguished as a judge of the supreme
court and a senator of the United States, was the
judge from 1849 to 1862. Abraham Lincoln, for
two years a member of congress, and afterwards
known to the world as the martyred President
and the emancipator of a race, was one of its
lawyers. Edward D. Baker, a member of con-
gress from the Sangamon District, also afterward
from the Galena District, later a distinguished
citizen of California, and a senator of the United
States from Oregon, who died leading his men at
the battle of Ball's Bluff, in the Civil War, was
also one of its lawyers. There were also Edward
Hannagan and Daniel W. Voorhees, since sena-
tors from Indiana, who attended the eastern part
of the circuit, and Stephen T. Logan, John T.
Stuart, U. F. Linder and Oliver L. Davis. The

sessions commenced the ist of September, and
ended about the ist of January. The spring
circuit commenced about February and ended in
June. In a life with' these men and upon this
circuit, Mr. Swett spent his time from 1849 to
1862. The lawyers would arrive at a county seat
of from five hundred to two thousand inhabitants,
and the clients and public came in from the coun-
try adjoining at about the same time. The law-
yers were employed in such suits as were then
pending in court, and the trials were immediately
begun. After from three days to a week spent
in this manner, the court would adjourn and the
cavalcade start for the adjoining county seat, when
the same processes would be repeated. Twice
a year fourteen counties were traversed in this
way, and in this manner Mr. Swett received his
earlier legal education. David Davis, in a speech
at Springfield, said in substance that this time
constituted the bright spot of his life. In this
expression he would doubtless be joined by every
man named, most of whom now live beyond the
river.

In 1865 Mr. Swett moved to Chicago, where
he soon acquired a prominent and leading position
as a lawyer. During his life in the country, in
Illinois, he took an active part in politics, taking
part in the agitation of the slavery question, and
canvassed nearly the whole state in the years
1852, 1854, 1856, 1858 and 1860. He, however,
held but one office, which was that of member of
the legislature, in 1858 and 1859, and this was at
the special request of Lincoln himself, to save to
the latter the vote of McLean County. That
county at the previous election had been carried
by four votes. Lincoln thought Swett could be
elected, and asked him to run. He did so, car-
rying the county by nearly five hundred majority.
He then engaged earnestly in the work of secur-
ing the nomination of Abraham Lincoln for Pres-
ident, writing to public men and organizing other
workers. The three men who did more than all
others to make Mr. Lincoln the nominee in 1860
were Leonard Swett, David Davis and Norman
B. Judd; and the two men who were closest of all
to Mr. Lincoln until his death were Swett and
Davis. Norman B. Judd was given a foreign

LEONARD SWETT.

mission, David Davis was made supreme judge,
but Leonard Swett declined to take office under
the administration. He was closer to Lincoln's
innermost thoughts and sympathies than any man
in the world. He was much like Lincoln in per-
son, complexion and manner, so much so that he
was often mistaken for the President in Washing-
ton, and he was much of the Lincoln mould, in-
tellectually.

It has often been remarked that intimate as
Lincoln was with Leonard Swett, he never gave
him any office, and Swett was often asked the
reason why. He always evaded the question,
but, in a letter to W. H. Herndon, the author of
the " Life of Lincoln," written a short time before
Mr. Swett died, the latter explained this fact:
When David Davis was a candidate for the su-
preme bench, soon after Lincoln's election to the
presidency, he was opposed by a senator of great
influence, named Browning, whom Lincoln was
almost ready to appoint. Leonard Swett was a
warm friend of David Davis, and, going to the
president, he said: " If you will give that place
to Davis I will take it as one-half for him and
one-half for myself, and never again will ask you
for anything." David Davis got the appoint-
ment, and Leonard Swett was true to his word.
He said, not long before his death, that he was
always glad he kept out of office.

After his removal to Chicago, he devoted him-
self exclusively to his profession, and absolutely
ignored politics. Mr. Swett was distinguished as
successful in the trial of causes, in fact, he did
little else during his professional life. In Chicago
the most important cases were intrusted to him,
and it was a rare thing that he lost one of them.
The reason of this was, that he attended to the
details of the preparation personally, himself see-
ing and talking with his witnesses, so that when
the cause was heard in court it fitted together
' ' without noise of axe or hammer. ' '

His business, in the main, was in civil cases;
for instance, Thomas A. Scott, during the war,
employed him for the Quicksilver Mining Com-
pany to go to California to get possession of
the great quicksilver mine near San Jose, after
an adverse decision in reference to the Almaden

claim. This country acquired by the treaty of
Guadeloupe Hidalgo, at the close of the Mexican
War, a large tract of land, now embracing many
States and Territories, described by boundaries,
and our Government agreed, wherever individu-
als owned lands within these boundaries, it would
issue to such parties a patent. Under the Mexi-
ican law there were two kinds of titles, a mineral
title, or a right to what the land contained under
the surface, and a surface title. One man might
own one title and another man the other. We
have but one, the surface, and one owning that
owns all above and below. The Barons had a
mineral title to what they called the Almaden
mine, and had made, prior to the decision, im-
mense improvements. Justos Larios owned the
surface title, and this was bought, and the Quick-
silver Mining Company was organized upon this
title. In 1863 the Supreme Court of the United
States decided that the Baron title was a forgery.
The quicksilver claim of Justos Larios had not
been heard, and this left this property of immense
value belonging either to the Government or to
the quicksilver company. A contract was made
between the Government and the quicksilver
compan}', by which a possession might be taken,
which should be joint as between the Government
and said mining companj-, and Mr. Swett was
appointed by President Lincoln to go to California
and acquire this joint possession, it being under-
stood that he would offer the Barons one million
dollars for their improvements. It was also a con-
dition of this agreement that the proceeds of the
mine should be deposited in the mint at San Fran-
cisco until the termination of the litigation between
the Government and the Quicksilver Mining Com-
pany. He went to" California, arriving there
May 19, 1863, and leaving September 14, having,
by aid of the courts and negotiations, secured the
possession of the mine. Although Mr. Swett
maintained a large office at Chicago, he, occasion-
ally, at home and abroad, defended persons from
criminal accusations, when the defense presented
something attractive. In the vindication of honor,
or if, upon the common frailty of the race, an act
was done, he was a most accomplished and effect-
ive advocate for the accused. He dealt, like a

LEONARD SWETT.

mental philosopher, with the purposes of the
mind of the accused, and revealed to the compre-
hension of the court and jury the mysterious in-
fluences which produced the act of the party.
He tried the will, purpose and intent, and not the
mere physical act upon which the charge was
founded. His mind delighted in the beautiful
philosophy of the law; he dealt with its spirit, not
with its letter. In this manner, in thirty-six
years, he defended twenty men for murder, en-
tirely clearing eighteen and two escaping with
light punishment in the penitentiary.

He was called out of the city in criminal cases
from Hartford, Connecticut, to defend the officers
of the Charter Oak Life Insurance Company for
conspiracy; to Denver, where, with Hon. Thomas
Patterson, he defended Stickney, who shot a man
in a fit of jealousy, killing also a young and at-
tractive woman; and to Yankton, where he de-
fended Wintermute for the killing of McCook.

His style in a trial was simply the abnegation
of every consideration except winning that case.
To this he sacrificed everything. His style of
speaking was earnest and convincing. He was
the Chicago counsel for the Union Mutual Life
Insurance Company, of Maine, and distinguished
himself by gaining a suit for that company against
the Chicago University, which had become fa-
mous in the legal reports for its knotty problems
of law and equity.

On the 2ist of June, 1888, he made the nom-
inating speech for Walter Q. Gresham for Presi-
dent of the United States. Mr. Swett's address
was an independent utterance, touching in an
extremely effective manner the salient qualities
of the individual eulogized, and also those points
in his public career which "had brought him so
prominently before the people as a possible presi-
dential candidate.

In private life Mr. Swett was a man of social
disposition and strong attachments. He was a
pleasant companion and a warm and steadfast
friend, and was generous almost to a fault. His
nature was kind, genial and sympathetic, and his
social intercourse was enlivened by so many gen-
erous and endearing qualities, that it won for him
the affectionate regard of those who knew him

intimately to an extraordinary degree. In person
he was imposing; six feet two inches in height,
and weighing, when in health, two hundred and
twenty-five pounds or more. He possessed a
strong face, with heavy, bushy, black eyebrows,
over-hanging deep-set brown eyes, sparkling and
brilliant, but kindly withal. An expansive, in-
tellectual forehead betokened his strength of
character. His voice was extremely rich and
musical, and always pleasant to listen to.

The Chicago Bar, by Frank B. Wilkie, said of
him the following:

" As a speaker he had few or no superiors at
the bar. He required scarcely any preparation to
make a speech on any subject. He saw a case
clearly, and had the faculty of presenting it with
equal clearness. He had that tendency toward
amplification found in all true orators, and by
whose aid he presented a single point in so many
salient aspects, that it became as apparent as sun-
light to his auditory. This ability to not only
clearly present a point, but to restate it and reit-
erate it under a slightly changed form up to a
boundary where it becomes thoroughly under-
stood, and yet, which is not carried beyond into
the region of verbosity and tiresome and useless
reiteration, is one of a high order, and it is one
which Mr. Swett seemed to possess to perfection.
Its due and judicious exercise requires an accur-
ate knowledge of the men whom it is employed
upon, and the precise ideas and illustrations which
are demanded by their comprehension. Mr. Swett
had all these qualities, and the additional one of
being an excellent logician and an admirable
manager, who thus not only knew what should
be presented, but the very best form in which the
presentation should be made.

"Possibly the not least remarkable feature of
his oratorical power was his ability to employ
pathos. Herein, when occasion required, he rose
to a most effective level. He was both rhetorical
and natural in this direction, the former being to
some extent a sequence to the latter, in that he
felt what he said, and therein, as usually happens,
was eloquent. He was exceedingly happy in the
use of this powerful element. When in this mood
he smote the rock of men's hidden emotions, and

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

F. FRANK F. HENNING

F. F. HENNING.

obediently as in the case of Moses, the waters
gushed forth in response to the summons. From
the possession of this subtle power to touch ef-
fectively men's emotional natures, Mr. Swett had
what the world would suspect from seeing him,
and that was a powerful element of poetry in his
character. This was true; and its existence was
not only the source of his power to touch the
hearts of others, but it refined his nature and
gave him a chivalry that exhibited itself in a lofty
regard for women, an integrity in business mat-

ters that could not be disturbed, and a kindly con-
sideration that leavened all his intercourse with
others. In fine, the poetical quality, while it in-
troduced no element of effeminacy in his char-
acter, while it did not detract from his masculine
vigor or interfere with his comprehensive ability,
softened his naturally rugged make-up, and gave
him an efficient refinement. ' ' Leonard Swett was
one of nature's noblemen, and worthy to be re-
membered as Abraham Lincoln's most trusted
friend.

FRANK F. HENNING.

f~RANK F. HENNING, President of the
rft German-American Hospital, of Chicago,
I has been connected with business interests
and philanthropic institutions in that city for a
third of a century. He was born May 3, 1840,
in the city of Gransee, Germany, and is the
eldest son of Frederick and Henriette (Kanow)
Henning. The family is of Swiss descent, the an-
cestors having left Switzerland about 1780, on
account of religious persecutions.

Frederick Henning and his wife were natives
of the same part of Germany as their son, Frank
F. He was by trade a harness-maker, but later
cultivated a farm and, about 1848, decided to
emigrate to America, but as his father objected,
he went into the country and bought a farm,
which he conducted until he came to the United
States. In 1855, the parents, with six children,
sailed from Bremen on the sailing ship ' 'Othien, ' '
and five weeks later landed at New York. They
came to Chicago, and after remaining a week, re-
moved to Port Washington, Wisconsin.

They finally settled about six miles from Mani-
towoc, Wisconsin, where Frederick Henning
bought one hundred sixty acres of timber land,
which he cleared, and cultivated several years.
He is now living retired in Manitowoc. Of his
ten children six were born in the Fatherland and
four in Wisconsin. Only five of these are now

living, namely: Frank F. , the eldest; Paulina,
now Mrs. Schroeder; Henrietta, wife of George
Bodmer, of Chicago; Emma and Matilda. The
mother died in 1893, aged eighty-four years, and
the father has reached the age of eighty-six
years.

Frank F. Henning was reared on his father's
farm and educated in the common schools of his
native city. In 1859 he left home, with only one
dollar in his pocket to make his own way in the
world. He worked at loading a cargo on a
vessel at Monitowoc and unloading it at Chicago,
to pay his passage to the latter city. From there
he walked to Morris, Illinois, a distance of sixty
miles, where he found employment on a farm at
eight dollars a month. Here he attended school
during the winter of 1859-1860. July 28, 1861,
he enlisted at Aurora, for three years, in the
Union Army, and was mustered September i2th
of that year, in the Thirty-sixth Illinois Volun-
teer Infantry, Company D. His regiment was
assigned to the Western Division, and saw hard
service in Missouri and Arkansas, and he par-
ticipated in all the engagements where his regi-
ment acted. Mr. Henning's first engagement
was at Pea Ridge, and he was wounded at the
battle of Stone River in the foot, head and right
hip. He was taken, more dead than alive, to
the field hospital, and after the wounds were

F. F. HENNING.

dressed, he was sent to the hospital at Nashville.
From here he was sent to' Cincinnati, and was
discharged in July, 1863, for disability.

Upon his discharge he returned to his home in
Wisconsin, where he remained until the early
spring of 1864, and since that time has been a
resident of the city of Chicago. He found em-
ployment with Lohn & Koenig, for a time, in
gluing chairs; then as salesman and bookkeeper,
and in 1867 he bought a quarter interest in the
business, the firm then becoming Koenig, Hen-
ning & Gamer. Their business was located at
Nos. 48 and 50 Fifth Avenue, where the fire of
1871 wiped them out, and left them with a debt
of twenty-five thousand dollars, which was the
amount of insurance they carried, but they were
able to obtain only six thousand dollars therefrom.

Immediately after the fire the firm built a
furniture factory, and in a year and a-halfpaid-
their liabilities. Mr. Henning remained a mem-
ber of this firm until the spring of 1881 . About
1878 a German Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion was organized, of which Mr. Henning be-
came president; its members visited hospitals,
jails and poorhouses. Being of a sympathetic
nature, Mr. Henning became interested in the
sufferings of humanity and their alleviation, and
decided to devote the remainder of his life to philan-
thropic work. He had acquired a comfortable
competence, and when he retired from manu-
facturing, in December, 1883, he secured the in-
corporation of the German Hospital, and in 1884
it was opened in a building owned by Mr. Hen-
ning. Most of the funds for the foundation of
this institution were raised by Mr. Henning, who
was its president. It was located at No. 242
Lincoln Avenue, where he donated two years'
rent. The present site of this hospital was pur-
chased in 1886, Mr. Henning advancing three
thousand dollars for the first payment, and a year
later nine thousand dollars for building purposes.
Its generous benefactor was president until 1896,
when he resigned and withdrew, on account of
differences of opinion among some of the directors
and physicians.

The hospital had accumulated property worth
sixty thousand dollars, with an endowment fund

of twenty-one thousand dollars, and for thirteen
years Mr. Henning had devoted his time and
energy to it, with no compensation in money.
In 1886 he organized a deaconess' society for the
purpose of procuring trained nurses, and failing
to get enough in this way, they branched out and
erected a large building for a nurses' training
school, which is now used as the German-Ameri-
can Hospital. Nurses have received two years'
training when they graduate from this institution,
and about fifty nurses have been graduated.
Thus this institution is not only a hospital, but a
training school for nurses. The noble founder
cared not for honor or glory to himself in this
good work, but found his compensation in the
lives made happier and better, and the benefit of
his fellow-creatures from the results of his time
and study.

In 1893 Mr. Henning was one of the prime
movers in organizing the Bethesda Industrial
Home, at Morton Grove, Cook County, Illinois,
for the aged, infirm and helpless. In 1894, a
printing office was established at the home to
assist in defraying the expenses. This has
proved a success, and there are now two monthly
papers issued from it. Mr. Henning has ever
since been connected with its management.
Though he is a firm supporter of Republican
principles, he could never be induced to accept
office for himself.

He has been twice married. June 28, 1866, he
wedded Miss Dorothy Gamus, a native of Han-
over, Germany, and they had six children, of
whom three are living, namely: Frank, Arthur,
and Oswald. The mother died in 1881. Febru-
ary 28, 1883, he was united in marriage with
Miss Emily Buerstatte, daughter of Henry and
Maria (Meister) Buerstatte. She was born in
Manitowoc, Wisconsin. They have three chil-
dren, Meta, Laura, and Walter. Mr. Henning
has a wide circle of friends and acquaintances,
and is known for his good works in all parts of
the great metropolis. His example is worthy of
study and emulation, and he is honored and
admired by all. He has been connected with the
Chicago Avenue Church (Moody's) a number of
years.

HERMANN RENDTORFF.

HERMANN RENDTORFF, an enterprising
German-American citizen, has been identi-
fied with Chicago for over thirty years. He
was born August 6, 1843, in Sauk City, Sauk
County, Wisconsin, being a son of Edmund and
Henrietta (Graepel) Rendtorff, both of whom
were natives of Hamburg, Germany.

Edmund Rendtorff came to the United States
in 1838. He was highly educated in his native
tongue, as well as in three other languages, and
was employed as correspondent and general office
man. On coming to this country he worked on a
farm in Illinois for a short time, and then went
to Wisconsin. He was among the first settlers
of Sauk City, and for some time was employed
as clerk on a steamboat on the Rock River. He
made a pre-emption claim to government land in
Sauk County, and was able to buy eighty acres of
it when it came into market. His education and
ability fitted him for activity in the management
of public affairs, and he soon became prominent
in the county, being its first treasurer.

He had been engaged to Miss Graepel before
leaving Germany. In 1842. she came to America,
and upon her arrival in New York they were
married and settled upon his land, where he con-
tinued farming for seven years. In 1847 he went
to St. Louis as bookkeeper for Childs & Com-
. pany, wholesale grocery dealers in that city. At
the end of six years he returned to Sauk City and
conducted a grocery store there for a period of
twenty-five years. Mrs. Rendtorff died in 1889,
at the age of seventy years, and her husband sur-
vived until 1892, reaching the good age of sev-
enty-six years. All of their six children grew to
maturity, the eldest being him whose name heads
this article. The second, J. Christian Rendtorff,
resides on North Avenue, in Chicago. Susanna
is the wife of F. A. Oswald, of the same city.

Johanna is the next in order of birth. Emma,
Mrs. Theodore Krueger, is also a resident of
Chicago; and Richard O. is deceased.

Hermann Rendtorff had but limited opportuni-
ties for education. He was reared on the farm
and attended school only during the winter
months. He remained with his parents until he
reached the age of eighteen years, and might have
continued longer but for the outbreak of hos-
tilities between the North and the South in 1861.
He was filled with patriotic love for the land of
his birth, and on the I4th of September, 1861,
having just completed the eighteenth year of his
age, he enlisted as a soldier in Company D, Ninth
Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. He bore an active
part in all the engagements in which his regi-
ment participated, and was wounded in the right
thigh by a bullet at the battle of Newtonia, Mis-
souri, in September, 1863. He spent three months
in hospitals at Fort Scott and Fort Leaven worth,
Kansas, and still carries in his flesh the bullet
which caused his injury. On his recovery he
rejoined his regiment, with which he continued
until honorably discharged at the close of his
period of enlistment, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
December 4, 1864.

He returned to his native place and remained
until February 20, 1865, on which date he became
a resident of Chicago. He entered the employ of
Ressing, Inderrieden & Company, wholesale and
retail grocers, with whom he remained two years.
At the end of this time he entered into partner-
ship with G. E. Roscher, in a retail grocery
store at No. 206 North Clark Street, and two
years later sold out to his partner.

He now entered the hardware establishment
of his brother : in-law, Mr. Oswald, at Nos.
139 and 141 Milwaukee Avenue, and rapidly
mastered the business. At the end of one year he

PETER JACKSON.

formed a partnership with Mr. Oswald, and they
opened a store on the corner of Lake and Halsted
Streets, under the firm name of Rendtorff &
Oswald. This connection lasted only a few
years, and Mr. Rendtorff removed to the North
Side and established an independent business on
North Avenue. Two years later he purchased
property on the corner of North Avenue and
Mohawk Street, consisting of four lots and build-
ings, whither he removed his stock and contin-
ued business. In 1 880 he added the manufacture
of stove- boards, which he carried on in connec-
tion with his hardware store. In the year 1883
he formed a partnership with his brother, J.
Christian Rendtorff, and they opened two stores,
one being at No. 154 North Avenue, and the
other at No. 700 Lincoln Avenue. Their brother,
Richard Otto, had charge of the former, and
after his death they sold the Lincoln Avenue
store.

In 1883 Mr. Rendtorff felt that he had earned
a vacation, and sailed for Europe in that year,
spending thirteen months in visiting England,
Ireland, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria,
Holland, Italy and Germany. On his return he
opened a jobbing house in stoves, at No. 16 Lake
Street, which he conducted until 1896, and then
sold out. In 1894, when Mr. Rendtorff began
building the present block at the corner of North
Avenue and Mohawk Street, the stock was
removed to No. 1 54 North Avenue, now conducted

by his brother, J. Christian, who owns it, the
partnership having been dissolved by mutual con-
sent in 1896.

Mr. Rendtorff has continued the manufacture
of stove-boards since he first established it, and
is now extensively engaged in the manufacture of
a patent milk -pail with a detachable strainer, and
a patent split-lock stove-pipe elbow. At present
he is giving all his attention to his manufacturing
interests, which are rapidly growing under his
prudent and energetic management. Thirty-five
men are employed in this business, and the
products are shipped to nearly every state in the
Union. His long business career in Chicago has
made him a wide acquaintance, and firmly estab-
lished his reputation as an upright and fair deal-
ing business man.

September 8, 1875, Mr. Rendtorff was married
in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to Miss Ida Stuetze, a
native of that city. Though not connected with
any religious organization, Mr. Rendtorff is a
supporter of all good works, and feels a keen in-
terest in the moral, social and material welfare of
the community in which he resides. His first pres-
idential vote was cast in Little Rock, Arkansas,
in 1864, for Abraham Lincoln, and he has since
supported the candidates of the Republican party.
He is a member of Hancock Post, No. 560,
Grand Army of the Republic, and is highly
esteemed by all classes of citizens because of his
genial manner and manly worth.

PETER JACKSON.

POSTER JACKSON, who is an old settler iii
LX Chicago, having lived here since 1870, was
|*3* born in September, 1852, in County Carlow,
Ireland, and is a son of William and Mary
(Wynne) Jackson, natives of that country. He
received his early education in his native land,

and improved his opportunities for advancement
in that country, but he was an ambitious youth
and not satisfied with his prospects there, so de-
cided to come to the new world.

Previous to the age of eighteen years he emi-
grated to the United States, coming direct to

T. L. KRAMER.

the "City by the Lake," which has since been
his residence. His brother James came to Chi-
cago and remained a short time, and another
brother, William J. , emigrated later, and located
in New York City, where he still resides. He
was formerly employed as a buyer by A. T.
Stewart.

Peter Jackson realized the advantage of contin-
uing at one trade through life, and accordingly
satisfied himself of his abilities for his life work
before beginning it. He decided to enter the
employ of a railroad corporation, and he was
compelled to begin with a small salary and a place
at the bottom round of the ladder. By his care-
ful study and attention to details, and his perse-
verance, he was able to advance to the responsi-

ble position of conductor, which position he held
for about eight years. He is now a stationary
engineer, and has the confidence and esteem of
his associates and fellow-citizens.

December 31, 1874, Mr. Jackson married Mary
Josephine Kilcran, a daughter of Frank Kilcran,
whose biography may be found on another page
of this book. They had eight children, six of
whom are living, namely: William, Mary, Sarah,
Jane, Frank and Ellen. Mr. Jackson, as well as
his parents and relatives in Ireland, are members
of the Episcopal Church. He is a true and loyal
citizen of the United States, and takes an interest
in the affairs of the country. In national politi-
cal matters he is a Republican, but is independ-
ent in local politics.

THEODORE L, KRAMER.

'HEODORE LALUCK KRAMER, a veter-
an of the Civil War, was born December 9,
1846, in Towanda, Bradford County, Penn-
sylvania, and is of German descent. His grand-
father, Abram Kramer, left Germany on account
of political trouble and his property was confis-
cated by the German Government.

Albert M. Kramer, father of Theodore, was
born in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, about
1822, and was a machinist for many years in
Towanda. He died at the age of sixty years, in
Ulster, in the same State. His wife, Carolina
Long, was a native of Fairmont, Luzerne County,
in that State, and was a daughter of Abram Long,
a farmer. She died about the year 1850, in To-
wanda.

Their son, Theodore L. Kramer, attended the
public schools of Towanda until he reached the
age of fourteen years, when he began work as an
iron moulder. Before the completion of his six-
teenth year he enlisted, September i, 1862, in a

militia regiment called to oppose the invasion of
Maryland by General Lee in that month. He
served thirty days at this time, and again for a
like period in the following year, when Pennsyl-
vania was invaded.

In December, 1863, he joined the One Hundred
Fifty-second Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, which
was stationed at [Fortress Monroe. On the
ist of February following, the One Hundred
Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry was formed
from volunteers from the One Hundred Fifty-
second Artillery, and Mr. Kramer was among
these, and was assigned to Company G. The
regiment became a part of the Eighteenth Corps,
under Gen. "Baldy" Smith, in the Army of
the James. The Tenth and Eighteenth Corps
were subsequently consolidated and made the
Twenty-fourth Corps. Mr. Kramer was dis-
charged, with his company and regiment, Decem-
ber 14, 1865, at City Point, Virginia.

During his service he participated in the follow-

T. L. KRAMER.

ing battles and skirmishes: Gettysburg, in Penn-
sylvania; Swift Creek and Proctor's Creek, Dru-
ry's Bluff, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Cold Har-
bor, Assault of Petersburg, June 18, 1864, Mine
Explosion, July 30, 1864, Chapin's Farm and
Assault of Fort Harrison, Sailor's Creek and
Appomattox Court House, where Lee surren-
dered, in Virginia.

In the assault on Fort Harrison at Chapin's
Farm, September 28, 1864, Mr. Kramer distin-
guished himself in a manner which won the ap-
plause of all who witnessed his action, including
several field officers, and gained the thanks of
Congress, whose approval was made apparent by
conferring upon him a beautiful bronze medal.
The assaulting column, commanded by Gen. E.
O. C. Ord, was obliged to march one and one-
fourth miles in the face of a heavy artillery fire,
and the colors of the One Hundred Eighty-eighth
went down five times. On the fifth fall, young
Kramer ran forward, seized the flag and carried it
to the fort, where he turned it over to one of the
regular color guard. When the fort was reached
Kramer was the first to mount the wall, and
seized the standard of a Texas infantry regiment,
which formed a part of the garrison . He was at
once made the target of every rifle within the fort
which could be brought to bear upon him, and
four bullets pierced his blouse. On looking
around he discovered that not a single comrade
had followed his lead, and he at once threw him-
self down and, taking the captured flag along,
rolled back into the moat surrounding the fort,
which was at the time dry and afforded shelter to
the Union troops, as the guns could not be trained
low enough to molest them.

In a few moments they made a united attack
upon the fort, during which Private Kramer cap-
tured a lieutenant-colonel. The latter fired one
cartridge point blank at his captor, but missed,
and before he could again raise the hammer of
his pistol Kramer's musket was pressed against
his breast and he surrendered. For these brave
acts, which were witnessed by General Ord, Kra-
mer was recommended for gallantry to the War
Department, and received the "Medal of Honor"
with a letter of transmittal, as follows ;

WAR DEPARTMENT,
ADJUTANT GENERAI/S OFFICE,

Washington, March 29, 1865.

Sir.

Herewith I enclose the Medal of Honor, which
has been awarded you by the Secretary of War,
under the Resolutions of Congress, approved July
12, 1862, "to provide for the presentation of
Medals of Honor to the enlisted men of the army
and volunteer forces who have distinguished or
may distinguish themselves in battle during the
present rebellion."

Please acknowledge the receipt of it.
Very respectfully,

Your obedient servant,

E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Private Theo. Kramer,

Company G, i88th Penna. Vols.

On the reverse of this medal is inscribed:

THE CONGRESS
to

PRIVATE THEODORE KRAMER,

Co. G,
1 88th PENNA. VOLS.

On the evening of September 28, 1864, follow-
ing the capture of Fort Harrison, Kramer was
one of the party of one hundred men sent by
General Ord to occupy a redoubt on the James
River. They were attacked by infantry in front,
while the enemy's gunboats kept up a fire in the
rear, from the river, and were all captured except
Kramer and one other, who escaped at great risk.
Thus was completed a day of most exciting and
important events in the career of Mr. Kramer.

After the close of the war, Mr. Kramer came to
Chicago and was employed as an iron moulder
until 1 880, when he was appointed a letter carrier,
through the influence of Gen. John A. Logan,
and has continued in that occupation ever since.
He is a member of George H. Thomas Post, No.
5, Grand Army of the Republic, and in politics
has always been a Republican. In 1875 he was

C. T. WHEELER.

made a Mason in Kilwinnig Lodge, No. 311, of
Chicago, and in 1878 was exalted to the supreme
degree of Royal Arch Masonry, in Sandwich
Chapter, No. 107, of Sandwich, Illinois.

In January, 1875, Mr. Kramer was married to
Miss Ida E. Vosburgh, of Chicago, a daughter of
Hiram A. Vosburgh, a painter of Janesville, Wis-

consin, where she was born. Her mother was
Sabra Doty, a member of a family prominent in
that place. Four sons and three daughters have
blessed the union, namely: Roy M., Carlisle L.,
Albert J., Jessie J., John A., Clara V. and Hazel
L. Mr. Kramer lives at No. 930 North Hoyne
Avenue in a pleasant home of his own.

CALVIN T. WHEELER.

QALVIN THATCHER WHEELER. Among
I C the old-time merchants and bankers of Chi-
\J cago who, by their firmness of character and
honesty of purpose, left the impress of integrity
in the volumes of unwritten history of our great
metropolis and reflected the beacon" light of our
commercial stability over the whole world, we
must count him whose name heads this article.

Mr. Wheeler was born in West Galway, New
York, and is a son of Luther and Mary (Belts)
Wheeler. His grandfather, Silas Wheeler, and
two brothers went from Massachusetts to Fulton
County, New York, and eventually removed to
Steuben County, in the same State, where a town
was named after them. They were known by the
people in the neighboring section for their thrift,
honor and fidelity.

Luther Wheeler was by trade a builder. He
was a good citizen, who was honored and respect-
ed by all classes. In his old age, he and his wife
removed to Amsterdam, New York, and here
they died nearly at the same time, both at about
the age of eighty years. Mrs. Wheeler was a
devout Presbyterian, being an active member of
the Church, and was the mother of five sons and
three daughters. Her father, Isaiah Belts, was
a lieutenant in the Revolutionary army.

Calvin T. Wheeler received his primary educa-
lion in Ihe common schools of New York and Il-

linois. He left New York al Ihe age of len years,
in Ihe company of his uncle, Dr. J. T. Belts, who
practiced his profession in Kaskaskia, Illinois,
where he sellled in 1818, being one of Ihe pioneer
physicians of the Slate. He hoped to make a
physician of Calvin T. Wheeler, but even al that
early age his nephew had a tasle for active busi-
ness life, and refused his uncle's offer to give him
a college education. Instead, he entered his un-
cle's store as a clerk. While al Kaskaskia he
altended school, and profited by the instruction of
Professor Loomis, a famous scholar and an honored
man. Kaskaskia was at that time the social cen-
ter of Ihe State, and many of the most prominent
men in Illinois were located there. His associa-
tions among Ihe people of Ihis town exerted a
life-long influence on Ihe career of Mr. Wheeler,
and his memory to-day is replete with pleasant
recollections of his early life in Ihe capital of
Illinois.

In the flood of 1844 the waters of the Kaskas-
kia and Mississippi Rivers rose lo such a height
thai Ihe nuns, teachers and pupils of the Convent
of the Sacred Heart, built by Pierre Menard, had
lo be rescued in boats and removed to Saint Louis,
where the convent now flourishes. Six months
previous to the flood Mr. Wheeler had removed
to Pekin, below Peoria, Illinois, where he was
engaged in business. From there he removed to

J. A. ERICKSON.

Saint Louis, where he secured a position as
clerk in the banking house of Clark & Milton-
berger.

In 1850 he took a trip to California, going to
New Orleans, and continuing the journey on a
large steamboat called the ' 'Georgia, ' ' which was,
according to custom in those days, commanded
by a naval officer, to Chagres, Central America.
The passengers were taken up the Chagres
River in canoes to the head of navigation. From
there they made their way over the mountains to
the Pacific coast, where they took a sailing vessel
at Panama, bound for San Francisco. The
journey lasted sixty days, and when Mr. Wheeler
arrived at the Golden Gate he at once set out for
the gold mines, by way of Sacramento. He en-
gaged in mining, and for a time was successful.
Then he sold out his interest and returned to Saint
Louis, where T. J. S. Flint made him a proposi-
tion to come to Chicago and open a commission
office under the name of Flint & Wheeler. He
did so, and the office was located near the Wells

Street bridge, their grain elevators being situated
on the South Branch of the Chicago River, where
the Rock Island elevators now stand.

Mr. Wheeler continued in the commission bus-
iness until he engaged in banking, in connection
with the firm of Chapin, Wheeler & Company,
which was located on the corner of Lake and
LaSalle Streets. After two years they transferred
their interests to W. F. Coolbaugh & Company.
This was just previous to the war, when the so-
called stump-tailed money was in circulation.

During the war Mr. Wheeler re-entered the
grain commission trade. When the Union Na-
tional Bank was organized, he was chosen First
Vice-President, and after the death of Mr. Will-
aim F. Coolbaugh he was elected president of
the bank. He continued in that capacity nearly
four years, at the end of which time he resigned
and organized the Continental National Bank.
He was president of this five years, and then re-
tired from business cares, at the close of a useful
and influential career.

JOHN A. ERICKSON.

(JOHN ALFRED ERICKSON, a contractor
I and builder, who resides in South Chicago,
C/ was born December 8, 1844, near Gutten-
burg, Sweden, and is a son of Eric Peterson and
Ella (Johnson) Peterson. He received his edu-
cation in his native country, and when he was
old enough, found employment at farm labor in
the region near his home. He was thus engaged
until 1870, when he married and settled in Lind-
holmen, near Guttenburg, where he became a
carpenter in a ship-yard. He remained here
from that time until 1881, and learned all the de-
tails of ship building, being able to construct an
entire vessel. He then emigrated to America
and settled in South Chicago.

On his arrival in this city he found employ-
ment as a carpenter, and because of his ability
and training he has followed this trade most suc-
cessfully. He soon engaged in contracting, and
has erected many buildings in South Chicago, the
first one being a residence for John Danielson, a
clothier, at Hoegswis, Illinois.

He was married October 30, 1870, to Miss
Louisa Larson, who is now visiting her relatives
and friends in Sweden. They have one child,
Charles Erickson. While Mr. Erickson has
learned to love the country of his adoption, he
still remembers the friends and associations of his
native country, and in 1894 he visited the scenes
of his boyhood, where his father, aged eighty-

THOMAS CARBINE.

five years, yet resides. He is a member of the
Swedish Lutheran Church.

On coming to South Chicago, Mr. Erickson
bought a lot at No. 8944 Houston Avenue, and
built a small house, where he resided until 1894,
and then erected a three-story brick building, at
a cost of seven thousand dollars. He has kept
his place in good repair, and has the finest prop-
erty in the neighborhood.

Mr. Erickson has reached his present prosper-
ity through his tireless energy and careful study
of all work going on in his sight. When in the
ship-yard at Guttenburg, he formed the habit of
learning the details of all that came under his
observation, and has always improved his other
opportunities in the same way. He has thus won
the respect and confidence of his patrons and as-
sociates.

THOMAS CARBINE.

"HOMAS CARBINE, an inventor, who re-
sides in Chicago, was born October 22, 1819,
in Manchester, England. The family were
well and favorably known in that country for
many generations, some being in the army, and
some being merchants. The grandfather of
Thomas Carbine, James Carbine, was a native of
England, and went to Jamaica on commercial
business, and there made his home thereafter. He
married there, and reared a large family of chil-
dren, one son being lost on the "Royal George."

His son James became a soldier, and for forty-
one years was an officer in the British Army. He
was an aide of the Duke of Wellington at Water-
loo and other battles. He was near the Duke
when he gave the famous order, "Advance the
guards," in a calm voice, and later when he
uttered the world-famed words, "Would to God
that night or Bluecher would come," He often
told the history of battles in which he had par-
ticipated to his children, and Thomas Carbine,
whose name heads this article, can relate them in
a most interesting manner. Captain Carbine was
retired on full pay, whereupon he bought a fine
black charger which he rode for twenty-one
years, and the noble animal died at the age of
thirty years.

Captain Carbine was married in Manchester,

England, where he died at the age of nearly
eighty years. His wife had been a teacher in a
private seminary. She was the mother of ten
sons and died in Manchester, aged seventy-
six years. Thomas Carbine was the only one of
the children to come to America.

Thomas Carbine was educated in Manchester,
and learned the trade of carpenter, and being
skillful as a mechanic he became an expert mill-
wright in America, where he constructed some im-
portant work in this line. He came to the
United States in 1840, being six weeks on the
journey. He located in Utica, Oneida County,
New York, which was then only a country
village, and remained there twelve years. He
came to Chicago in 1853, and in 1856 sold his
home in Utica and removed his family to Chicago.
Here he followed the bent of his inventive genius,
and took care of his real-estate interests, having
interested himself in property in the city.

While in Utica Mr. Carbine was able to render
some valuable assistance to the New York Central
Railroad Company, which paid him generously,
and has since given him free transportation. He
used the money received to purchase a lot and
build his residence. Mr. Carbine invented a
machine for winding balls of yarn without a
bobbin, for which he received a royalty of five

A. H. PERKINS.

thousand dollars, which he judiciously invested
in real estate in 1855. This formed the nucleus
of the prosperity which enabled him to retire
from the cares of business life, and spend the
latter part of his life in peace and comfort. He
also invented a process by which kerosene oil is
converted into a gas which may be used for heat-
ing purposes. The latter invention he never
patented, and humanity will receive the free gift
of his labors in this way.

Mr. Carbine was married in Manchester,
England, August 5, 1838, to Miss Sarah Brad-
bury, daughter of John and Frances Bradbury,
natives of England. She was born January 3,
1819, in the city where the marriage took place.
The two children now living are: Mary F. C.
and Charlotte E. P. Mary is the wife of

Frederich Bluhm, and Charlotte of James New-
brun. The latter has three children, namely:
Sadie, wife of Edward E. Reading; Arthur C.
and James C. Mr. and Mrs. Carbine are mem-
bers of the Episcopal Church.

For thirty-six years the former has been a mem-
ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
and he is also connected with the Independent
Order of Recceabites, an order of total abstinence.
In his political views he is independent, and is a
good example of Chicago's substantial citizens.
In 1888 he and his wife celebrated their golden
wedding, and received a gold medal from the
German Old Settlers' Society for being the oldest
non-German couple on the picnic ground, their
combined ages amounting to one hundred fifty-
seven years.

AMOS H. PERKINS.

Gl MOS HENRY PERKINS was born in Nor-
J I wich, Connecticut, July 26, 1836, and was
/ I one of five children, three boys and two
girls. He was the son of Isaac and Nancy N.
(Allen) Perkins, and a direct descendant of
Miles Standish on his mother's side. Isaac
Perkins was a carpenter and builder, but died
when Amos was but ten years old.

The subject of this biography learned his
father's trade, but followed it for only a short
time. He was educated in his native place, and
at the age of twenty came to Chicago, and soon
afterward began taking contracts for paving, lay-
ing sidewalks and roofing. Mr. Perkins was a
man of more than average intelligence, and
became a shrewd, careful and successful business
man. He was one of the contractors who con-
structed La Salle Street tunnel. He continued
to be a large contractor in cedar blocks, asphalt
pavements and Portland cement walks, having

had contracts for this in most of the large cities
in the country. During the war he was a heavy
dealer in tar, and at one time controlled nearly
all of that product manufactured in the United
States.

Mr. Perkins was married July 20, 1874, to
Miss May, daughter of John and .Mary (De For-
est) Tristram, of Norwalk, Connecticut. They
had four children, Emery B., Lorenzo B., Mrs.
Nellie M. Harris and Mrs. Jennie C. Brown, the
latter being deceased.

Mr. Perkins attended Dr. Hillis' church at
Central Music Hall, and he was an exemplary
citizen and a good man. In his sphere he con-
tributed in no small degree toward making Chi-
cago the western metropolis of the United States.
He was widely known in the West, East and
South, and was beloved by all who came within
reach of his magnetic and benevolent influence.
He was the originator of the Western Paving

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

DR. JOHN O. HUGHES

(From Photo, by W. J. ROOT)

J. O. HUGHES.

Supply Company, and although V. W. Foster
was its president, he was its practical head and
manager. -

He was a member of Covenant Lodge, No. 526,
Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and of
Corinthian Chapter, No. 69, Royal Arch Masons.
In politics he was a Republican. He died sud-
denly, of apoplexy, at the age of sixty-one
years, and at the time of his death was vice-
president of the Western Paving Supply Com-
pany. He had the universal respect of all
representative elements of the city. Mrs. Perkins
is an intellectual and accomplished woman and

made for her husband the home which he prized
so dearly, and which by her management always
remained to him a haven of rest and comfort,
where he ever found recreation from the cares of
his ever-increasing business, and where he loved
to entertain the friends who knew him best and
loved him most. His was a most active and
useful life, and although called away seemingly
before his time, he accomplished much more than
others do in a longer space of time, and, best of
all, leaves to his posterity and friends an untar-
nished name that will be remembered by future
generations.

JOHN O. HUGHES.

HOHN OWEN HUGHES, M. D., who has an
I extensive practice in Norwood Park and
G/ vicinity, was born November 12, 1838, in
New Brunswick, New Jersey, and is the second
child of Owen and Catherine Hughes. Owen
Hughes was for many years superintendent of a
coal yard in that place, where he and his wife
died. They were the parents of five children,
only two of whom, John O. and Catherine, came
to the West. The others are: Kirkpatrick, who
died in Elizabeth, New Jersey; Catherine, a
resident of Chicago; James, who has charge of the
packing room of a rubber factory in New Bruns-
wick, New Jersey; and Frank, superintendent of
construction of boats in the Government^employ.
John Owen Hughes became an orphan at an
early age, and in his youth had very little educa-
tion, being obliged to begin the battle of life when
only a boy. His ambition was not satisfied by
the employment he was able to find, and he
wished for greater attainments than his limited
opportunities for improvement had given him.
He spent his leisure hours in study, and was thus
able to obtain a teacher's certificate. He came

to Chicago at the age of twenty, and taught in
several parts of Illinois, occupying his spare mo-
ments with the study of medicine. Thus his
youth was spent in a struggle for advancement,
and he formed habits of thought and application
that have been retained in his after life.

In 1862 Mr. Hughes enlisted in the One Hun-
dred Third Illinois Volunteers, Company D, join-
ing the Fifteenth Army Corps. This was the
corps commanded by General Sherman, and with
him Mr. Hughes continued until the close of the
struggle. He was present in many important
engagements, among them the Atlanta Campaign
and the March to the Sea and through the Caro-
linas. After Mr. Hughes had been with the
army six months, he was placed in the medical
department, where he remained, doing surgical
work on the battlefield, such as dressing wounds
temporarily, and preparing men for the operating
board.

At the close of the war Mr. Hughes entered
Rush Medical College, and graduated in 1868,
since which time he has practiced his profession.
In 1873 he located in Norwood Park, which has

F. W. PARKER.

since been his place of residence. He acquired a
large practice there and in neighboring villages,
which has been principally attended to at his
office for several years, and built a handsome
residence in 1882.

May 12, 1868, he married Mary V. Hartough,
a native of Fairview, Fulton County, Illinois,
and a daughter of Henry and Catherine (Vander-
veer) Hartough, both of whom are natives of
New Jersey. Mr. and Mrs. Hughes had four

children, namely: Frank, who was drowned at the
age of fifteen years; Kate Hazeltine, who resides
with her parents; Martha Lilian, who died when
six years old; and Edwin, who lives at home.
Mr. Hughes is a man of progressive ideas, of
broad intellect, and feels a warm interest in the
public welfare. He is a member of the American
Reformed Church of Norwood Park, and a valiant
supporter of the principles of the Republican
party.

FRANCIS W. PARKER.

r~RANCIS WAYLAND PARKER, who car-
fri ried the Cook County Normal School to a
| ' high degree of usefulness and is known
among educators all over the United States and
in many parts of Europe, is still a student and is
active in promoting the cause of primary educa-
tion. Colonel Parker disclaims utterly all pre-
tensions to having found any new methods or
principles of education. His only claim has
been and is that he is trying himself to study
the great subject of education in its applica-
tion in the common schools, and to lead other
teachers to study this great subject. He has a
firm and unalterable faith in the common school
system; he believes that the common schools will
be brought to a point of efficiency equal to the
demands of this great Republic; that the salva-
tion and perpetuity of the Republic depend upon
the proper education of the children.

Francis W. Parker was born October 9, 1837,
in the village of Piscataquog, Town of Bedford,
New Hampshire, which has since been swallowed
up in the neighboring city of Manchester.
Col. John Goff, one of the ancestors of the
subject of this notice, was the first settler on the
present site of Manchester, and several local
names still preserve his memory. His son,

Maj. John Goff, was an officer of the Revolution-
ary army, and was the great-great-grandfather of
Colonel Parker. Colonel John Goff was a famous
hunter, was an officer at the siege of Louisburg,
and active in the French and Indian war. Being
too old to participate actively in the Revolution-
ary struggle, he yet acted an important part in
training Generals Sullivan and John Stark in
military tactics and preparing them for the duties
which they so well performed. The family of
Goff is supposed to be closely allied to that of
Goff the regicide, made famous by the pen of
Sir Walter Scott.

William Parker, grandfather of the subject of
this sketch, was a drummer under Gen. John Stark
at Bunker Hill, and served through the Revolu-
tion as a soldier. He was founder of the village
at the mouth of the river Piscataquog, called
Squog by the people, where excellent rafting and
harbor privileges were found for the navigators of
the river Merrimac.

Three ancestors of Colonel Parker, a Rand, a
Goff and a Parker, were buried on Copp's Hill,
the graveyard of the Old North Church in Bos-
ton. All were members of Cotton Mather's
church. His maternal grandfather, Jonathan
Rand, was the first recorded teacher at Old Der-

F. W. PARKER.

ry field, now known as the city of Manchester.
Ministers and teachers were numerous among the
ancestors of Colonel Parker. His mother, Milly
Rand, was a teacher, said to practice original
methods with great success. Her grandfather
was a graduate of Harvard College, a classmate
of John Hancock, and many years librarian at
Harvard. John, brother of Milly Rand, was a
famous portrait painter and inventor of the me-
tallic tube, now in general use, for holding paints
and oils.

Robert Parker, son of William, was a cabinet-
maker, noted in the section where he lived for
his excellent work. He was an ardent adherent
of the Baptist faith, and named his son in honor
of the famous Dr. Francis Wayland, president of
Brown University. He died when this son was
but six years of age.

The latter attended the school of his native vil-
lagfe when he was three years old, having pre-
viously learned to read, and entered the local
academy at the age of seven. When eight years
old he read in Porter's Rhetorical Reader, had
been through Colburn's Arithmetic, and was
taken from school and bound out to William
Moore of Goffstown. He spent five years upon a
farm, being privileged to attend school only eight
or nine weeks in the winter, but considers this
one of the most fortunate periods in his primary
training. At the age of thirteen years he left
the farm and entered the academy at Mount
Vernon, New Hampshire. Here he worked his
way along by sawing wood and performing
various sorts of manual labor. With the addi-
tional money earned on farms in summer he was
enabled to pay his expenses at school in winter,
and this hard experience served to develop the
most sturdy habits of self-reliance and industry.

When he was sixteen years old he attended
Hopkinton Academy, and in the winter of 1854-55
he taught school at Corser Hill, now called Web-
ster, New Hampshire. At a salary of fifteen dol-
lars per month, he presided over a school includ-
ing seventy-five pupils, many of them older than
himself. The following winter he taught school
in Auburn, New Hampshire, and such was his
success that he was employed several successive

winters in that town. His first winter's salary
was eighteen dollars a month, and this included
board on the old-fashioned system of "boarding
'round."

By continuing his plan of farm labor in sum-
mer, teaching and attending school, he came, at
the attainment of his majority, to the charge of
the village school in Hinsdale, New Hampshire,
and was subsequently at the head of the grammar
school of his native village.

In 1858 he went to Carrollton, Green County,
Illinois, where, with one assistant, in one room,
he superintended the instruction of one hundred
and twenty-five pupils, ranging in age from
twelve to twenty-five years. Without striking a
blow he continued to manage this school two
years, where two of his predecessors had been
driven out by the insubordination of the pupils.

True to his inherited martial instincts, young
Parker sought to enter the service of his country
immediately upon the outbreak of hostilities in
the Civil War, which occurred while he was at
Carrollton. Being unable to secure admission
to an Illinois regiment, he returned to his native
state and at once entered the Fourth New Hamp-
shire Regiment as a private. Before the regiment
was mustered he was elected first lieutenant of
Company E, and in the following winter was
made captain. The first three years of the war
were spent by this command at various points
along the Atlantic Coast, in Florida, Georgia and
South Carolina, participating in the long siege of
Charleston.

Early in 1864 the regiment was placed in the
command of General Butler at Bermuda Hun-
dred, and Colonel Parker was in several great
battles during the long campaign of 1864. At
Drury's Bluff he lost twenty-eight of his forty-
two men. The regiment was under General
Grant at Cold Harbor, and took part in the siege
of Petersburg. In the Crater fight the Fourth
New Hampshire lost fifty men, and immediately
thereafter Captain Parker was placed in com-
mand. August 16, 1864, at Deep Bottom, he
was suddenly called to the command of a brigade,
and was severely wounded in the chin and neck
while engaged in repelling a second charge of the

F. W. PARKER.

enemy. For many weeks he lay in the hospital,
suffering from a crushed windpipe. In the spring
of this year his regiment numbered a full one
thousand men, and only forty could be mustered
at the last charge in the fall.

In October, 1864, he was able to leave the
hospital and go home to recuperate. He was
active in the presidential campaign of that year,
and in December was married to Miss Phene E.
Hall, of Bennington, New Hampshire. Having
been promoted to lieutenant-colonel, he joined his
regiment after the battle of Fort Fisher, succeed-
ing Colonel Bell, who fell in the first attack upon
the fort. He marched with General Scofield
across North Carolina to meet Sherman. Soon
after the junction of forces was made at Cox's
Bridge, Colonel Parker was made a prisoner and
taken to Greensburg, North Carolina, where he
first learned of the failure of armed rebellion,
through the surrender of General Lee. For his
bravery at Deep Bottom he was made a brevet-
colonel.

Colonel Parker was mustered out with his
command in August, 1865, and immediately took
the position of principal of the grammar school at
Manchester, New Hampshire, which he held
three years, at a salary of eleven hundred dollars
per year. Despite his aversion he was drawn
into politics, and determined to move in order to
avoid his mistaken friends, for he felt sure he
could not succeed in politics and teaching at the
same time. He felt that teaching was his mission,
aud proceeded to Dayton, Ohio, where he was
engaged as a teacher. Here he began to put in
practice some of his ideas of reform in education,
and, in spite of opposition from parents and
teachers, was sustained by the Board of Educa-
tion. In 1871 he took the position of assistant
superintendent of the schools of Minneapolis,
Minnesota. During this year his wife died, and
he resigned his position and went to Europe to
study the science of education.

He spent two and one-half y ears in the Univer-
sity of Berlin, Germany, and also took a course
of two years in philosophy under a private tutor.
During his vacations he visited the schools and
art galleries of the continent and made a study of

European geography and history, and returned
to America in 1875. His trip abroad was under-
taken largely to satisfy himself whether his ideas
were in conformity with those of the great
thinkers of the world, and he came back fully
confirmed in his theories.

In April, 1875, he was made superintendent of
the city schools of Quincy, Massachusetts, which
were then in charge of a board, including John
Quincy Adams, Charles Francis Adams and
James H. Slade. The board gave him full
authority and co-operated with him in his labors
of re-organization. Much opposition was en-
countered on the part of teachers, and the con-
troversy attracted thirty thousand visitors to ob-
serve the workings of the schools of Quincy
during the three years Colonel Parker was in
charge. In 1880 he was made one of the super-
visors of schools in Boston, where he again met
opposition from teachers and principals, but he
was re-elected. He was offered the superintend-
ency of schools at Philadelphia, but refused this
to accept the position of principal of the Cook
County Normal School.

Here was opportunity to exercise his talent for
training teachers, and here he could get near to
the children, whom he wished to reach and bene-
fit. He entered upon his duties January i, 1883,
and met once more the antagonism of teachers
and conservative citizens. But results soon began
to demonstrate to these the wisdom of his scien-
tific theories, and he was heartily sustained by
the school board, and the institution was placed
in successful operation in spite of politicians and
other enemies to progress.

Colonel Parker is the author of "Talks on
Teaching, ' ' ' 'Practical Teacher, ' ' ' 'How to Study
Geography," "Outlines in Geography," tract
on "Spelling," and "Talks on Pedagogics. " He
has visited every state in the Union, and lectured
before institutes and conventions in most of them.
A few of his lectures may be here mentioned:
' 'The Child and Nature, ' ' ' 'The Child and Man , ' '
"Artist or Artisan Which?" "Home and
School," "The Ideal School," "Education and
Democracy." He is also the editor of a unique
publication called the "Cook County Normal

COL. VICTOR GERARDIN.

School Envelope," which shows the development
of concentration in the Cook County Normal
School, month by month.

In December, 1882, he was married to Mrs. M.
Frank Stuart, the first assistant in the Boston
School of Oratory. Mrs. Parker is a leading ex-
ponent of the Delsarte system of expression, and
is a faithful coadjutor of her husband in his noble
plans for benefiting the human race. Their

home on Honore Street, Englewood, bears many
evidences of her artistic taste in architecture and
furnishings. Its library contains over four thous-
and volumes, including many in the Norwegian,
French, Dutch, German, Italian and Indian
languages, which the Colonel reads readily.
The lawns and extensive garden furnish him
with physical exercise, by way of rest from his
mental and literary labors.

COL. VICTOR GERARDIN.

EOL. VICTOR GERARDIN, known in Chi-
cago as the "Father of the French," was
born February 17, 1832, in Baccarat, France,
where his father, Joseph Gerardin, was a farmer.
The father of the latter, who bore the same name,
followed the same avocation in the same locality.
The mother of the subject of this sketch, Agatha
Math, was a native of the same place, and, like
her husband, was a scion of a family that has re-
sided there since the eleventh century. Joseph
Gerardin, junior, served under the great Napo-
leon during the last two years of his campaigning
in Europe.

Victor Gerardin was the thirteenth child of his
parents and was deprived of his mother by death
when he was but three years old. For six years,
until he was twelve years of age, he attended the
village school and then came to America with a
sister who was married. He arrived in New
York on the ist of April, 1844, and went to
work the next day in a glass factory, where he
continued one year. He then entered into an
apprenticeship at the hatter's trade, which he
continued until he attained his majority. During
his early apprenticeship his salary was not suffi-
cient for his maintenance, and he supported him-
self by selling papers and blacking boots in New
York City. He did not neglect at the same time to
improve his mind, and rapidly gained a mastery
of the English language.

In 1854 he came to Chicago and engaged in
business with a partner, the firm being known as
Grosset & Gerardin. The senior partner died in
1877, and Mr. Gerardin has continued the busi-
ness of hatter alone ever since. He was the first
in Chicago to engage in the manufacture of silk
hats, and is now the oldest artisan in that line in
the city. In the Great Fire of 1871 all his real
and personal property went up in smoke. He
continued business, however, opening first in the
house of a friend within ten days after the fire;
and eventually paid in full every dollar of claims
against him. His first place of business was on
South Water Street, where he continued three
years, and afterwards remained on La Salle Street
between Randolph and Lake Streets, until the
fire. For one year thereafter he was located on
Canal Street, and has continued ever since at his
present location on Clark Street, near Monroe.
He was an extensive manufacturer, and previous
to the panic of 1873 turned out enough hats to
supply the present trade of the Northwest.

Mr. Gerardin has ever been active in promoting
social and benevolent labors and has been a mem-
ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows since
he was old enough to be eligible, having been
initiated in Sincerite Lodge No. 233, of New York
City, on the day he became of age. In Chicago
he was for many years a member of Union Lodge
No. 9, and left that to become a charter member

J. M. KENNEDY.

of Rochambeau Lodge No. 532, the only lodge in
Chicago working in the French language, of
which he was the principal organizer. This is
one of the six lodges in the United States work-
ing in that language, and was instituted Novem-
ber 12, 1873.

From the ist of March, 1859, Mr. Gerardin or-
ganized the French Mutual Society (Societe Fran-
caise de Secours Mutuels) and was its first presi-
dent, filling that position for twelve consecutive
terms. In 1861 he organized the Societe de
Bienifaisance, of which he was president at
the time of the fire in 1871. After that calam-
ity this society distributed fifteen thousand francs
to the sufferers. In 1886 Mr. Gerardin or-
ganzed the Cercle Francais, of Chicago. All
these societies are still in existence except
the benevolent society, which was merged in
the others when it had accomplished its pur-
pose, after the fire. One of Mr. Gerardin's
most highly prized treasures is an autograph let-
ter from the wife of Marshal McMahon, who was
president of the French relief society, acknowl-
edging the receipt of funds sent from Chicago for
the relief of the French flood sufferers, while
McMahon was president of the French Republic.

While a resident of New York City Mr. Ger-
ardin served from 1852 until 1854 as a volunteer
fireman with Engine Company No. 1 1 . He has
been a member of the Grand Lodge of Illinois,
Independent Order of Odd Fellows, since 1877.

In religious faith he adheres to the Roman Cath-
olic Church. He was a Republican up to the
Cleveland-Elaine campaign of 1884, since which
time he has adhered to the Democratic party.
October 18, 1876, he was commissioned colonel of
the "Hayes & Wheeler Minute Men of '76," on
the staff of Gen. John McArthur. During the
Civil War he was an ardent supporter of the ad-
ministration, and an intense patriot. During the
World's Fair he had charge of the Parisian Hat-
ters' Exhibit, and had previously served as a
member of the committee of one hundred, ap-
pointed by Mayor Cregier. to secure the location
of that exhibit in Chicago.

He re-visited France in 1864, and again during
the Franco-Prussian War, and on the last trip
made a tour of England and Ireland. In Janu-
ary, 1859, he was married to Marion, eldest
daughter of John Magee, of Belfast, Ireland (for
genealogy, see biography of Charles D. Magee,
in this volume). Five of the nine children of
Mr. Gerardin are now deceased. The names of
all in order of birth, are: Minnie, Rea, Agatha,
Eliza, Victor, Joseph, Walter, Emile and Esther.
The third, sixth and seventh died within a period
of two weeks, in the year 1875, of diphtheria, and
are buried in Graceland Cemetery. Eliza died in
1867, and Emile in 1884. Mr. Gerardin has
lived for the last fourteen years in his present
residence, which is located at No. 1128 North
Halsted Street.

JOHN M. KENNEDY.

QOHN MCMILLAN KENNEDY, for many

I years a business man of Chicago, now living
O in retirement at Oak Park, was born in the
Parish of Colmonell, Ayrshire, Scotland, Feb-
ruary 26, 1815. His parents were Alexander
Kennedy and Elizabeth McMillan. The former

was a farmer, a tenant on the family estate which
was inherited by his eldest brother. He was
born April 7, 1772, and died December 14, 1871,
thus lacking only four months of being one hun-
dred years old. He was the father of twelve
children, of whom the following is the record:

J. M. KENNEDY.

Margaret is the widow of Rev. Andrew Mc-
Dowell and resides at Stirling, Scotland; David
inherited the family estate, which consists of one
thousand five hundred acres, and also the title of
Laird of Craig; John M. is the subject of this
sketch; Anthony M. was a merchant and planter
in Camden, South Carolina, where he died De-
cember 17, 1892; Sarah is the widow of George
McAdam and resides in Rickton, Scotland; Robert
was a merchant in Camden, South Carolina,
where he died in 1896; Mary became the wife of
David Denholm, and died in Chicago in 1854;
Alexander died in 1852, in England; Elizabeth
died in Scotland in 1861; Agnes, wife of David
Thorburn, resides at Newton Stewart, Scotland;
Jane died at the age of twelve years; and James
died at his native place, aged twenty-one years.
John M. Kennedy received a common-school
education in Scotland, and at the age of fifteen
years, in company with his younger brother,
Anthony, sailed from Greenock, Scotland, Oc-
tober 10, 1830, in the good ship "Rogers Stewart"
for America. After a voyage of fifty days they
arrived at Savannah, Georgia, and proceeded by
steamer to Augusta, in the same State, and
thence by stage to Camden, South Carolina.
There they joined a cousin, a merchant, who
gave them employment as clerks. The elder
brother remained until March 24, 1834, when,
in company with Frederick Witherspoon, he
made the journey to Fox River, Illinois, on
horseback, a distance of one thousand two hun-
dred and forty-four miles. On Big and Little
Rock Creeks, in what is now Kendall County,
they located farms, and there Mr. Kennedy car-
ried on farming until November, 1848. At that
date he removed to Chicago, and from 1849 to
1852 was engaged in the lumber business. From
1852 to 1857 he did a commission business, which
proved very successful, but his accumulations
were swept away in the panic of 1857. During
the terms of John Wentworth and John C.
Haines as mayors of Chicago, from 1857 to 1860,
he served as chief of police with much credit,
and was urged to serve longer, but refused. For
the next five years he was employed by Howe &
Robbins, grain dealers, and from 1865 to 1878

dealt in lime as city salesman. In the last-named
year he accepted the position of weigh-master on
the Chicago & Alton Railroad, which he held
until 1887, when advancing years compelled him
to resign. Since that time he has been living in
the enjoyment of the period of rest and recreation
to which his long years of usefulness so eminently
entitle him. In 1890 he built the pleasant cot-
tage he now occupies at Oak Park, which has
since been his home.

Mr. Kennedy is one of the few men living who
have witnessed the entire growth of Chicago as a
city. On his first visit to that place he con-
sidered it a very undesirable place to live, but later
made it his home, wishing to secure skilled
medical care for his wife, who was then an invalid.
He was afterwards induced to remain in order to
gain educational advantages for his children. His
reminiscences of early Chicago are very interest-
ing. Though he has passed his eighty-second
birthday anniversary, his memory is excellent,
and he recalls the events of his youth and early
manhood quite as clearly as those of more recent
occurrence. In earlier years he was opposed to
the extension of slavery, and was successively a
Whig and a Republican. He cast his first
vote for President in 1836, and has therefore
voted in sixteen presidential elections. In re-
ligious views he has been a lifelong Baptist, and
united with the Tabernacle Church of Chicago in
1851. He was a member of this church forty
years, though it was afterwards named the
Second Baptist Church. For ten years he served
as deacon in this organization. Since 1891 he
has been connected with the First Baptist Church
of Oak Park,

March 30, 1837, Mr. Kennedy was married to
Eliza Ann Rogers, a native of Camden, South
Carolina, and a daughter of Alexander and Mary
(Kelso) Rogers. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers were both
natives of Pennsylvania, the former of Irish and
the latter of Scotch descent. Seven children
were born of this union, as follows: Mary, now
the widow of Samuel Ludington, resides with her
father; Elizabeth, who was for thirty-eight years
a teacher in Chicago, but now retired, also re-
sides with her father; Alexander is in the insur-

HENRY WINKELMAN.

ance business in Chicago; Anthony is chief grain
inspector of Boston, Massachusetts; John, James
and Walter died in childhood. Mrs. Kennedy
died in 1851. The subject of this notice was
married a second time October 20, 1852, to Rosetta
E. Hamilton, a daughter of David and Jerusha
(Hulet) Hamilton. Mrs. Kennedy was born
near Aurora, Erie County, New York. Her
parents removed to Illinois in 1838. Seven chil-
dren were born of this marriage, as follows:
David, who is a member of the real-estate firm of
Kennedy & Ballard of Chicago, and resides at

Oak Park; William E., a railroad man on the
Union Pacific Railroad; Hulbert, Ellen Eliza,
Albert and Charles died in infancy; Robert B. is
employed with his brother in Oak Park, where
he resides. The mother departed this life Jan-
uary 23, 1892. Mr. Kennedy is blessed by
twenty-seven grandchildren and eight great-
grandchildren. He has also cared for two orphan
nieces, Mary L- Goff, now the widow of John J.
Kott, and Agnes D. Kennedy, now Mrs. Frank
M. Crittenden, both of whom reside in the city
of Chicago.

HENRY WINKELMAN.

HENRY WINKELMAN was born January
3, 1847, in Tedinghausen, Braunschweig,
Germany, and is a son of Henry and Eliza-
beth (Klueber) Winkelman, neither of whom
ever came to America. John Winkelman, brother
of the subject of this sketch, came to America
in 1861 and settled in Baltimore, Maryland. His
sympathies were on the side of the South in the
great civil strife, and he enlisted in the Confed-
erate army, and was killed during the war. Mary
Winkelman, his sister, came to America in 1863,
and afterwards married Henry Kassens. She and
her husband reside at Colehour. Henry Win-
kelman served in the cavalry service of Germany.
He came to America in 1875, and in 1878 went
to South Chicago, where he now resides.

Henry Winkelman received all his education
in his native country, where he remained until
he was nearly twenty years old. The example
of his older brother and his sister gave him the
desire to come to this country, and when he was
able to do so, he emigrated. He reached New
York in July, 1866, and located in Brooklyn,
where he remained until 1 88 1, being employed

by a grocer until 1872, when he engaged in busi-
ness for himself, conducting a meat market.

In 1881 Mr. Wiukelnian came to South Chi-
cago and opened a meat market at No. 10026
Ewing Avenue. Later he bought some property
a few doors away and moved his business, and in
1884 he bought property at No. 9801 Ewing
Avenue. He moved his business to this place,
where he has conducted it since that time, and in
1895 he built the comfortable brick flat which he
occupies.

In 1872 Mr. Winkelman married his first wife,
Margaret Kolenberg, of Germany, but she died
when they had been married less than two years.
They had one child, who died when an infant.
In 1876 he married his second wife, Miss Annie
Kleemeyer.

Mr. Winkelman has become well acquainted
with the customs of his adopted country, whose
interest he has at heart. In politics he does not
follow party lines and prejudices, but votes for
the man rather than for the party. He is a suc-
cessful business man and enjoys the respect of his
friends and neighbors.

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

HENRY C. FRICKK

(From Photo, by W. J. ROOT)

H. C. FRICKE.

HENRY C FRICKE.

HENRY CHRISTIAN FRICKE, a vener-
able pioneer of Chicago, was born August i,
1815, in Springe, Hanover, Germany. His
parents were Gottlieb and Mary (Ohm) Fricke,
also natives of Springe, which is an ideal town,
surrounded by mountains and having its own
municipal government. The ancestry of Mr.
Fricke dates back many centuries, its members
having lived in the quaint little town of Springe,
where they held positions of responsibility and
led upright and useful lives, and were educated
according to the opportunities of their times.

Mr. Fricke's grandfather was a man of affairs,
and occupied and tilled an estate of two thousand
acres, for which he paid a yearly rental of two
thousand German thalers to the King of Hano-
ver. He was well educated, was a brainy man,
of good executive ability, and reared a large fam-
ily in the good customs of the country. His son,
Gottlieb, succeeded to the homestead, and gradu-
ally paid off the other heirs. He was industrious
and frugal, and reared a family of ten children,
two of whom, Henry C. Fricke and the youngest
daughter. Louise Tamcke, now reside in Chicago.

The subject of this sketch received the educa-
tion afforded by his native town, and, being fond
of study, made the best of his opportunities. He
was gifted with excellent musical faculties, and
was wont to associate with the best elements of
society there, in the study of his favorite art. He
became an expert performer on the spinnet, an
instrument which was superseded by the piano,
and he was among the musical leaders of the place.

When it became necessary for him to select
a vocation in life, he decided to become an ac-

countant. He was elected to the office of city
treasurer for life, and was subsequently elected
burgomaster of Springe, but the Government re-
fused to confirm this, because of his free expres-
sion of liberal views during the stormy days of
1848. He was too democratic for happy life un-
der a monarchy, and by this oppressive act Han-
over lost a good citizen, while the United States
was thereby a gainer. Although the ties which
bound him to his native land were strong, he de-
termined to seek his fortune in the new world.

May 8, 1853, he left Springe and arrived in
Chicago July 24 of the same year. In the fol-
lowing November his wife, Fredericka (born Ho-
bein), followed with their five children. He soon
found employment as bookkeeper in a small shop
on La Salle Street, near the present south entrance
to the tunnel. The cholera attacked his employ-
ers, Braunhold & Sonne, and the care of the en-
tire business fell upon Mr. Fricke for a time.
Soon after, through the friendship of George
Schneider, the well-known ex-banker, he received
the appointment of delivery clerk in the foreign
mail department of the postoffice, a position for
which his education and previous business expe-
rience especially fitted him. George B. Arm-
strong, who has left the impression of his genius
on the mail service of the United States and the
world, never to be effaced, was then assistant
postmaster, and became a warm friend of Mr.
Fricke.

The latter served faithfully in the postoffice
seven years, and then entered into a partnership
with Dr. Julius Lubarsch, taking a one-third in-
terest in the business of Dr. Lubarsch. Mr.

3 2

G. W. WIEDHOF.

Fricke became business manager and conducted
matters satisfactorily to all concerned from Feb-
ruary, 1861, to January 2, 1872, when he bought
out the interest of Dr. Lubarsch, and subsequently
acquired the one-third interest of Dr. Louis Coni-
itti, who had superintended the medical depart-
ment of the business. The latter interest was
conferred upon Mr. Fricke's son, Dr. Gustav H.
Fricke, who had just completed his medical edu-
cation at Rush Medical College.

In 1882 Mr. Fricke was seized with writer's
paralysis, and turned over the entire management
of business to his son. In July of that year he
set out for a trip to Europe, accompanied by his
daughter, Augusta, who much enjoyed the visit
to her father's native home. It was a memorable
trip for both.

In 1870 Mr. Fricke moved on fifty acres of
land in Maine Township, one mile west of Park
Ridge. He gradually improved it until it became
a park farm, and was a happy gathering place for
his children and grandchildren. In course of
time he invested in city real estate, including a
valuable property on Clark Street, near Goethe,

and three houses on Superior Street. Since No-
vember 5, 1896, he has lived in one of these, and
has made a charming miniature garden in the
rear, where he enjoys a well-earned rest from the
toils of a long and busy life. He is well known
to a large number of Chicagoans as an industri-
ous, kind-hearted man, who loves to entertain
his friends and relatives, and is a most excellent
type of the thrifty German-American citizen.

Mr. Fricke was married February 17, 1839, in
Springe, to Miss Fredericka Hobein, who was a
woman of fine qualities, and proved a worthy
helpmeet to her husband. She died November 3,
1895, and was buried in Graceland Cemetery.
After her death Mr. Fricke's youngest sister cared
for his household until his return from the farm
to the city. His children are named in order of
birth: Mary, Mrs. Oscar Margraff"; Emma, wife
of George Wittbold, whose biography will be
found in this volume; Sophia, Mrs. Adolph Gar-
the; Dr. Gustav H. Fricke; and Augusta, wife
of George Garland. Besides these five children,
Mr. Fricke is proud of twenty -four grandchildren
and seven great-grandchildren.

GEORGE W. WIEDHOF.

JO)EORGE WHITTINGTON WIEDHOF

I was born December 25, 1874, at No. 1402
vj Dunning Street, Chicago, and is the son of
Alfred H. and Bertha A. Wiedhof. His great-
grandfather was a general under Napoleon Bona-
parte, and was of Polish birth. He had previous-
ly served in the Russian army, but at the begin-
ning of trouble between Russia and Poland he
took sides with his native country, and later
went to France and served until the downfall and
exile of the Emperor. He shared the troubles
of Napoleon, and when he was sent to St. Helena,

Mr. Wiedhof and his wife, who was a Spanish lady,
were on board the ship, called "Bellerophon."
It was on this journey that their son, grandfather
of George W. Wiedhof, was born. Mr. Wied-
hof returned to Europe later, settling in Eng-
land, which country the family adopted until
A. H. Wiedhof emigrated to America in 1854.
He is a contractor and builder, and still resides
in Chicago, being now sixty years old, and a hale
and stalwart man.

George W. Wiedhof received his early educa-
tion in the common schools of the North Side in

G. H. BALL.

Chicago, and later graduated from the Lake View
High School. His education was completed by
a course in dentistry at the Northwestern Univer-
sity, and previous to his graduation he assisted
some of the most prominent dentists in the city.
When only twenty-one 3~ears of age, he estab-
lished himself in the profession, and has a rapid-
ly growing practice. His best efforts are in crown
and bridge work and in gold filling, in which
line he has made a good reputation. Dr. Wiedhof
was formerly a member of various military com-

panies, but of late years has been too busily en-
gaged in his business to retain his interest in them.
In political affairs Dr. Wiedhof has very liberal
views, and he always takes great interest in ben-
efiting his fellow-men. He is connected with
several social societies, in all of which he is a
genial and influential member. He is one of the
rising business men of the city, but has many
outside interests, and keeps informed on all sub-
jects, which enables him to be a brilliant conver-
sationalist and a genial companion.

GODFREY H. BALL,

Y HO WITT BALL, a prominent
business man of Chicago, identified in many
ways with its commercial and social inter-
ests, is descended from an old family prominent
in the military affairs of Great Britain. He was
born February 15, 1853, in the city of Melbourne,
Australia, being the son of Capt. George Pal-
mer Ball of the British army.

The latter was in the East India service, and
for meritorious conduct was made a captain at
the early age of twenty-three years, and served
all through the terrible Indian mutiny. His
wife, Isabella Ball, was a daughter of Col.
Robert Hazelwood, who served in India under Sir
Arthur Wellesley, afterwards Du'ke of Welling-
ton. While in India, Colonel Hazelwood was
stationed most of the time at Madras (where Mrs.
Ball was born), but saw some very hard fighting
during the mutiny. When Captain Ball retired
from the service, he went with his family to live
in Australia. One of his sons, Albert T. Ball,
who settled in that country, was killed with his
wife, in a terrible railroad accident, which oc-
curred at MacKay, June 14, 1897.

When the subject of this sketch was four years
of age his parents went to England, and after

residing one year in Liverpool, came to America.
In 1858 they settled on a farm in Smithtown,
Long Island, forty-three miles from Brooklyn.
The father was a highly educated man, a graduate
of Dublin University, and from him the son re-
ceived his primary education. During his youth
he worked on his father's farm and spent con-
siderable time in hunting and fishing. In the
year 1863 the family moved to Brooklyn and he
completed his education in the public schools of
that city.

At the age of fifteen years he entered the em-
ploy of Jabez A. Bostwick, of New York, after-
ward well known as one of the leading spirits of
the Standard Oil Trust, and continued in his
service two or three years. He next spent one
year in the service of a man named Warner, in
the custom-house business, at New York. His
next engagement was in the capacity of private
secretary to Walter Brown, of the firm of Walter
Brown & Son, at that time one of the largest
wool merchants in the country.

Mr. Ball was now convinced that his business
experience qualified him for advancement, and
seeing little opportunity in, a house where so
many preceded him, he replied to an advertise-

S. V. R. BRUNDAGE.

merit, through which, upon the strong recom-
mendation of Mr. Brown, he secured a position
with Gardner G. Yvelin, founder of the establish-
ment of which Mr. Ball is now the managing
partner in Chicago. The firm was known for
some time as Yvelin & Smith, and after the
death of the founder it became Smith & Vander-
beck, which was in turn succeeded by the present
firm of James P. Smith & Company; the parent
house, situated at Nos. 90 to 94 Hudson Street,
New York, has been established since 1831. Mr.
Ball has been twenty-five years connected with
this house, and since December, 1880, when he
located in Chicago, he has been manager of its
business here. He has traveled extensively, and
during a period of eleven years visited every large
city in America many times.

In June, 1886, Mr. Ball was married to Mary
Clement Harriot, a native of Covington, Ken-

tucky, and scion of a very old and loyal family of
that State. Mr. Ball's family includes a son and
daughter, namely: James Percival, and Louise
Harriot, aged, respectively, ten and five and one-
half years.

The family is very comfortably settled at No.
4028 Lake Avenue. Mr. Ball was brought up
in the Episcopal Church, to which he still ad-
heres. He is entirely independent of political
parties, having no faith in any organization, but
is a good citizen, and casts his vote and influence
where he believes they will result in the greatest
good to the community. He is a true sportsman,
with happy recollections of his youthful days, and
enjoys an outing in fishing or the chase as much
as ever. His genial and affable manners continue
to make and retain friendships, and the success
of the firm of which he is manager proves him an
intelligent, clear-headed business man.

STEPHEN V. R. BRUNDAGE.

TEPHEN VAN RANSALAR BRUND-
AGE, a prominent citizen of the West Side
in Chicago, now deceased, was a scion of the
sturdy Scotch blood which has been widely influ-
ential in developing the best material and
moral interests of the United States. Mr.
Brundage was born December 25, 1839, in
Barry County, Michigan, being the eldest child
of Alonzo and Diadama (Dean) Brundage, both
of whom were natives of the State of New York.

George Brundage, father of Alonzo Brundage,
was born in Scotland, and passed most of his life
on a farm near Oswego, New York. He was
well known in that section of the State, and
was regarded as one of the representative citizens.
He adhered to the principles of government ad-
vocated by the Whigs, and was repeatedly chosen
by his fellow-citizens to represent them in posi-

tions of responsibility. Beside the subject of this
sketch, he reared the following children: Alon-
zo, George, Genoa, Frederick and Emma.

Stephen V. Brundage was educated in his
native State, and acquired the trade of blacksmith.
Although he never served a regular apprentice-
ship, he had a natural aptitude for mechanics,
and became a highly skilled artisan in iron.
After coming to Chicago, in 1867, he was sixteen
years foreman of the blacksmith shops of the Chi-
cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. He re-
linquished this position to engage in business on
his own account.

In 1876 he established himself in a blacksmith
shop on West Twenty-second Street, where he
was assisted only by his eldest son. From this
small beginning was built up a very successful
business in the production of high-grade wagons

OCTAVE CHAPLEAU.

and carriages, and the factory now employs twenty
men, continuing to turn out only first-class
goods, such as are sought by people preferring
quality to cheapness. This growth was not sud-
den, and was the result of the industry, prudence
and upright character of the founder. Two of his
sons, the first and third, became interested in the
establishment, and are continuing on the lines
laid down by their father.

Mr. Brundage was married January 15, 1862,
at Newark, Illinois, to Miss Maratta Hollenback,
daughter of Wesley and Catherine (Rarich)
Hollenback, who were among the pioneer set-
tlers of northern Illinois. They resided in Ken-
dall County during the Blackhawk War, and
were among those warned by Chief Shabbona in
time to escape the fury of the Indian warriors.
They passed away at their home in Newark, Illi-
nois. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Brundage
are: Nelson Alonzo, Charlotte Louise (wife of G.
G. Shauer), Edwin Wesley, Frederick Leroy and

Stephen Walter, the last-named being a member
of the dental profession in Chicago.

Mr. Brundage passed from earth May 23, 1895,
as the result of paralysis. He was widely known
as a splendid mechanic, and a true friend and
good companion. He was for many years a regu-
lar attendant of worship at Saint Paul's Methodist
Church, and was a most just and upright man.
He was identified with the Masonic order, hold-
ing membership in Pleiades Lodge, No. 478,
Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and most of
the members of his family are connected with
the order, either in the Blue or Eastern Star
Lodges. Mr. Brundage was very successful as a
business man, being far-sighted and conservative
in management. He had a horror of debt, and
had clear title to all property which he acquired.
Among his possessions were a farm in Dakota,
the shops where he conducted business and a
substantial, four-story flat building, in which he
made his home.

OCTAVE CHAPLEAU.

0CTAVE CHAPLEAU was born February
27, 1834, in Saint Rose, Canada, and was
the son of a farmer at that place. His early
education was obtained in his native town, and
when he was old enough he began the study of
the stone-cutter's trade. Hoping to better his
condition, he removed to Chicago, in 1866, and
found ready employment at his trade.

In 1880 he removed to South Chicago, and en-
tered the service of the Illinois Steel Company in
building a mill, where he was employed four
years. He resolved to enter business in his own
name, and accordingly bought ground and run
a stone yard on Harbor Avenue. He was very
successful and remained there until his death.

August 5, 1866, he married Celina Hebert,

daughter of Frank and Elizabeth (Seymore)
Hebert. She was born February 16, 1841 , in Saint
John, Canada. Mr. Chapleau was a member of
the Roman Catholic Church. In politics he took
an active part, and was a Republican in senti-
ment. He bought a lot at No. 8902 Superior
Avenue, and in 1882 built the house which is
now occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Anton Gleitsman.
He died May 26, 1893, and was mourned by a
large circle of friends and acquaintances.

Anton Gleitsman was born July 12, 1852, near
Milwaukee. His parents were natives of Ger-
many, but are old settlers in Wisconsin, having
emigrated several years before Anton Gleitsman
was born. He received his education in the com-
mon schools of Wisconsin, and at an early age

GEORGE DUNLAP.

began to learn a trade. He became an engineer
in a blast furnace. He came to Chicago in 1882,
and since that time has been employed in a mill.
May 22, 1895, he was united in marriage with
Mrs. Chapleau, the widow of Octave Chapleau.

Roman Catholic Church. They are highly es-
teemed socially and have many friends. The
former is a member of the Knights of Pythias,
and in his political views is convinced of the jus-
tice of the principles advanced by the Republican

Mr. Gleitsman and wife are communicants of the party, and is one of its firmest supporters.

GEORGE DUNLAP.

/2JEORGE DUNLAP was born November 2,
|_ 1825, in Lorraine, Jefferson County, New
V.J York. He is a son of William I. and Mar-
garet P. (Lane) Dunlap, both born in Cherry
Valley, New York. John Dunlap, father of Will-
iam I. Dunlap, was a captain of volunteers in
the Revolutionary War from Cherry Valley, and
his wife escaped the great massacre at that place
by taking refuge in the fort. He was seven years
in the service. His father was from the north of
Ireland, and the family is of Scotch descent. He
came to Cherry Valley, New York, where, with
two brothers, he had a right of a township of
land. The two brothers were lost at sea, with
the papers showing the claim to the land, and the
lawyer employed to settle the affair took all the
land excepting two hundred acres. John was
born on this farm and spent his life there. His
wife was a Miss Campbell, and they have five
children, namely: William I.; Livingston, a doc-
tor, who practiced in Indianapolis until his death;
Robert, who died in Milwaukee; Hannah, Mrs.
Walrad, of Cherry Valley, deceased; and Eliza-
beth, who died in young womanhood.

William I. Dunlap served as a volunteer in the
War of 1812. He removed to Jefferson County,
New York, in 1822, and in 1836 he came to Ill-
inois, settling first in Mendota, and later, in 1840,
in Leyden, which latter place was his residence
many years. He died in 1856, at the age of sixty-
nine years. His wife died in 1865, at the age of

seventy-seven years. She was born in Elizabeth-
town, New Jersey, and removed to Cherry Val-
ley with her parents when she was a child. Her
father was of Dutch descent, and her mother of
English origin. William I. and Margaret Dun-
lap had ten children, of whom the following is
the account: John, who was a tanner and cur-
rier of Green Bay, Wisconsin, died when forty
years old. Ann Eliza, deceased, married Oren
Hotchkiss and lived at Champaign. Matthias L. ,
who died in 1875, was a horticulturist and a writ-
er on kindred subjects in the Chicago Tribune, his
column being "The Farm and Garden;" he lived
in Leyden, where he started an extensive fruit
farm, and subsequently removed to Champaign,
Illinois; his son, Henry, is a member of the
present state senate. Menzo is a farmer, whose
home is in Sevoy, Illinois; Sally, deceased, mar-
ried James H. Kinyon, of Champaign; William
is a retired wheelwright, and resides at Irving,
Lane County, Oregon; Robert, a dealer in agri-
cultural implements, lives in Iowa City, Iowa;
George is the subject of this sketch; Charlotte,
deceased, married Erastus Bailey, of Wheeling,
Illinois; and James Hamill died when twenty-
two years old.

George Dnnlap removed with his parents to
Lewis County, New York, when seven years old,
and there he attended the common schools. He
came to Chicago in 1836, arriving on his eleventh
birthday, and subsequently attended school in

Z. M. HALL.

Troy Grove, La Salle County, Illinois. Later he
attended a select school in Ottawa a few months.
In 1840 he came to Leyden, then called Dunlap's
Prairie, in honor of M. L. Dunlap, his brother,
who surveyed much of the land in that vicinity,
and was a prominent man, being a member of
the state legislature one term. George Dunlap
pre-empted one hundred and twenty acres of Gov-
ernment land, and when it was put upon the mar-
ket bought it. He lived on this farm, carrying
on general farming until 1864, when he sold it.
He was deputy sheriff six months, and then be-
came assistant United States assessor, which posi-
tion he held eleven years, resigning to take his
seat in the twenty-ninth general assembly. He
then engaged in the real-estate business, uniting
with L. J. Swift in the firm of Dunlap & Swift.
In 1884 he was compelled to leave the cares of
the business, which had become one of the most
successful on the West Side, on account of failing
health. He subsequently removed to Santa Cruz,
California, where he has ever since spent the
winter months.

In i8"69 he bought the first lots and built the

first house in the village of Norwood, where he
had his residence until 1884. In 1896 he built
the pleasant home he now occupies. January 27,
1851, he married Almeda Pierce, of Sandy Creek,
Oswego County, New York. She is a daughter
of John and Hannah (Ballou) Pierce, the latter
of French ancestry, and both natives of Rhode
Island. Mr. and Mrs. Dunlap became the par-
ents of six children: De Clermont is a civil en-
gineer, and resides in Chicago; Hetty S., who is
a school teacher, lives with her parents; Clifton
F. is a printer of Chicago; Alice S. resides at
home; Jessie D. married Percy V. Castle, a law-
yer, who resides in Austin; and Mira died in
1894.

Mr. Dunlap has held many local offices. He
served four years as supervisor of Leyden, five
years as justice of the peace, and was school di-
rector twenty-three years. He is a member of
the Masonic order, having at present a demit
from Santa Cruz Lodge, Santa Cruz, California.
He is a well-read man, an intelligent citizen, and
one who takes an interest in the affairs and im-
provements of the generation in which he lives.

ZEBULON M. HALL.

7KBULON MONTGOMERY HALL is a
I. descendant of an old colonial family who
/~) emigrated from Coventry, England, in 1630,
and settled in Boston, Massachusetts. The pro-
genitor of the family in America was John Hall,
the father of nine children. Of these Gersham
Hall was the ancestor of the subject of this biog-
raphy. He received the best collegiate education
that could be obtained in New England at that
time, and later took a part in the Revolutionary
War, proving himself a brave officer. He was a
man of great firmness of religious conviction, and
his Bible is yet in possession of the family as one
of its dearest treasures.

His son, Gersham, also received a liberal edu-
cation and resided in Boston. He died near Ball-
ston Springs, New York. His wife's father, was
also a soldier in the Revolution. His grandson,
Loammi, married Miss Sarah Duell, a daughter
of Benjamin and Sybil (Putney) Duell, who were
of the Quaker faith. Loammi Hall and his wife
resided in Perry, Genesee County, New York,
where they were highly respected and wealthy
farmers. For a time they kept a hotel, which
was a landmark in the county. The family were
blessed with long lives, and most of them lived
to be more than seventy years of age. Loammi
Hall and his wife died when they were compar-

Z. M. HALL.

atively young, in Genesee County. Their chil-
dren were: Minerva, Jabesh, Loammi and Zebu-
Ion M. Minerva married Walter Purdy, and is
the only one living. Jabesh removed to Wiscon-
sin, where he accumulated considerable property,
and where he died. To secure this property for
its rightful owners, Zebulon, though only a boy
of sixteen years, undertook the long journey to
Wisconsin, and was successful.

Soon after this, in 1836, the subject of this
notice came to Chicago, and eventually became
one of the city's most influential citizens. He
became employed in the grain elevator business
by Charles Walker, and was for years a confiden-
tial employe. When he had learned the details of
the business, he engaged in it on his own respon-
sibility and became very successful. His brother,
Loammi, became his partner and they engaged
in the wholesale grocery trade, under the firm
name of Hall Brothers, but the city life and close
confinement did not suit Loammi, who withdrew
and engaged in agricultural pursuits, in which he
prospered. Mr. Hall next took for a partner
Charles Harding, and the well-known firm of
Harding & Hall was formed, which conducted a
lucrative wholesale ship chandlery business for
many years. Mr. Hall at all times assumed the
more active part in the conduct of business, and
his management was characterized by such tact and
ability that Mr. Harding was enabled to withdraw
from the firm, which was continued by Z. M. Hall
& Company until 1875, when Mr. Hall withdrew,
in order to recuperate his health. For this pur-
pose he went to Jackson County, Oregon. His
active mind could not rest, however, and he was
not entirely idle, but while there became interested
in the stock business. After spending three years
in Oregon, he returned to Chicago, where he
resided until his death, which took place in Sep-
tember, 1894, at the age of seventy-four years.

Mr. ' Hall was married in Chicago, to Miss
Kezzie Frost, a foster-daughter of Capt. A. W.
Rosman, commander of the steamer "Atlanta," of
the Goodrich line. He is one of the most noted
captains on the lakes, having begun life on the
water at the early age of seven years. At the
age of seventeen years he became a captain, and

for fifty years sailed the lakes, without having
any serious accident. He was a grandson of
Coonrod Rosman, who settled in Canada about
the middle of the seventeenth century, and whose
descendants removed from Canada to Pennsyl-
vania. Captain Rosman was a son of Abraham
and Rachel (Jones) Rosman, the former a soldier
of the War of 1812, and the latter a descendant
of the world- renowned Paul Jones. Captain Ros-
man had two children, Charles A. and Eva, the
latter the wife of Frank Hamilton. The former
received a gold medal from the government for
saving life on Lake Michigan. The exposure
incident to this brave deed brought on con-
sumption, from which his death resulted.

The children of Mr. and Mrs. Z. M. Hall were:
Francis Montgomery, Edgar Albert, Harry Vic-
tor, Sadie Beatrice and Bessie Eugenia. The
oldest son was drowned from the steamer "Ver-
non," and left a wife and three children. Edgar
A. is connected with the Hanchette Paper Com-
pany; Harry V. is living in Arizona; Sadie B. is
the wife of Lloyd James Smith; and Bessie E. is
Mrs. A. G. Morely.

Mr. Hall was a Mason, and was one of the
liberal supporters of the New England Congre-
gational Church, being one of its first members.
In politics he was a strong Republican. To all
enterprises which would assist in bettering the
lives and condition of the human family, he gave
his sympathy and aid. Though he was liberal to
a fault, he accumulated a property, and had he
been more selfish, the history of Chicago would
have recorded another millionaire. He lived a
life of noble impulse, and all that could be said
of his inner life would reflect to his credit and in-
tegrity.

During the Great Fire he telegraphed to Indian-
apolis for a fire engine, which was placed on a
raft in the river, near his building, adjacent to the
Randolph Street bridge, and thus it was saved,
being the only one rescued in the center of the
city. It was a five-story grocery store. After
the fire he helped feed the public, and was pro-
tected by a company of soldiers, sent to him by
Gen. Philip A. Sheridan. They formed a
double line, and he was thus able to distribute

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

JOSEPH H. ERNST

(From Photo, by W. J. ROOT)

J. H. ERNST.

alike to rich and poor, which he did without any
compensation. He did not take advantage of
the helplessness of his fellow-creatures, and try
to raise the value of his goods, but by his gener-

osity suffered a loss that weakened his business,
and this, with the panic of 1873, caused him
much embarrassment, but he continued it until
the year 1875.

JOSEPH H. ERNST.

(JOSEPH HENRY ERNST. Germany has
I contributed to Chicago and Cook County a
Q) large percentage of their inhabitants. Many
of these have achieved success in various business
pursuits, while some have won distinction in the
different professions, and others have risen to
prominence in public affairs, and their names
have become as familiar as household words.
Among this vast number probably no one is
more widely known or more highly respected
than the gentleman whose name stands at the
head of this article. For more than forty years
he has been a resident of the city, much of the
time occupying official positions, and in public
and private life every duty has been honestly dis-
charged and every trust held sacred.

Mr. Ernst was born February 24, 1838, on the
River Rhine, in Germany, near Bingen, made
famous by an English authoress in the beautiful
poem, "Bingen on the Rhine." He is a son of
John and Barbara (Meyer) Ernst, natives of that
place. John and Barbara Ernst became the par-
ents of four children, namely: Joseph H., of
whom this sketch is written; Adam, deceased;
Catherine, widow of Mr. Hausman, of Chicago;
and John, also deceased. The father died in
1877, and the mother preceded him eight years,
passing away June 4, 1869.

Joseph Ernst received his early education in
the common schools of his native country, and
spent one year at the mason's trade. In 1854 ne
sailed in the sailing-vessel "St. Nicholas" from
Havre, France, to New York, the voyage lasting

forty-eight days. On landing he came to Chicago,
going to Buffalo by way of the Hudson River and
Erie Canal, and the remainder of the way by rail.
Two years later, the family, consisting of his
parents and two brothers and a sister, emigrated
to the United States, and located in Chicago.
Joseph H. Ernst lived with his aunt, whose
brother, Joseph Meyer, came to Chicago in 1845,
and was widely known as the sexton and super-
intendent of the old Chicago City Cemetery from
1847 until the time of his death, which occurred
December 1 6, 1864. Joseph became his assistant,
and helped to keep the records of that time.
While thus engaged he attended the old Franklin
School two years, and graduated in 1856. The
next two years he attended Sloan's Commercial
and Law College, from which he graduated in
1858.

In 1864 Mr. Ernst opened a grocery store on
North Wells Street, at No. 581, which he con-
ducted two years. He was then appointed j?y
the mayor as superintendent of the vacation of
that part of the old city cemetery known as the
Milliman tract. This work occupied two years
and the city council then passed an ordinance to
vacate the remainder of the cemetery, which is
now included in Lincoln Park, appointing Mr.
Ernst to superintend the work. He was fre-
quently consulted by the Lincoln Park Commis-
sioners during the early part of their work and fur-
nished them with much valuable information, be-
ing of great assistance to them. At the time of the
Great Fire the city cemetery records were des-

HENRY LAWRENCE.

troyed. Mr. Ernst was clerk in the comptroller's
office, in charge of exchange of city cemetery lots,
also city taxes and city real estate, and remained
in this office until May, 1882.

In 1874 he engaged in the real-estate and loan
business in partnership with Mathias Schmitz,
under the firm name of Ernst & Schmitz, at No.
271 East North Avenue, and in this venture he
has ever since been successfully engaged. Since
1874 Mr. Ernst has been secretary of the German
Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of North Chi-
cago, being elected annually by a general meet-
ing of all the members.

Mr. Ernst was elected alderman of the Fif-
teenth Ward in 1886, on the Democratic ticket,
and was re-elected in 1888 in the present Twenty-
first Ward. At the next election he declined a
re-nomination. In 1892 his friends prevailed
upon him to accept a nomination as an independ-
ent candidate, and he was elected, receiving near-
ly as many votes as both the other candidates.
He has always discharged his public and private

duties most faithfully, and was urged to accept a
nomination for city treasurer, but declined. He
is one of the directors of the German Catholic
Orphans' Asylum of High Ridge.

September 20, 1860, Mr. Ernst married Miss
Katharine Schutz, a native of Germany, who
came to the United States in 1853, an d reached
Chicago in 1854. They have had eight children, of
whom the six following are living: Anna, wife of
William H. Weckler, residing on the corner of
Wolfram and May Streets, Chicago; Adolph
Charles, who is employed in his father's office;
Andrew Joseph, also with his father; William
Gregor, an attorney; Katharine Isabella; and
Mary Angelica. Mr. Ernst and his family are
members of Saint Michael's Roman Catholic
Church. Mr. Ernst has resided on the North Side
ever since he came to the city, in the vicinity of
what is now Lincoln Park, and since 1873 his
home has been at the corner of Eugenie Street
and Cleveland Avenue, where he had a beautiful
residence erected in 1892.

HENRY LAWRENCE.

HENRY LAWRENCE, D. D. S., for many
years connected with the business interests
of Chicago, and one of the most valuable
citizens of that city, was born November 1 1 , 1823,
in the city of London, England. He was a son
of John Lawrence, for many years a resident of
New York City. He received his primary edu-
cation in the public schools of London, where he
proved himself an apt and willing student. After
coining to America, in 1859, he took up the study
of dentistry with a prominent dentist of Philadel-
phia, where he graduated, winning the esteem
and admiration of his teacher. He then removed
to Louisiana, and practiced his profession for a
short time, and then went to Yazoo, Mississippi,

where he remained until 1863, and then removed
to New Orleans. He remained in the latter city
until July, 1877, obtaining a profitable and lucra-
tive practice. Most of his patrons were among the
Creoles or old white settlers of that historic town,
and thus he was enabled to save a comfortable
fortune. His winters were spent in the North
during this time, and he was especially attracted
by Chicago, it then being a rapidly growing city,
whose energetic citizens especially appealed to his
regard.

Mr. Lawrence always enjoyed the comforts of
life, though he was industrious and frugal. He
never ceased studying, and was a student of rare ap-
plication, being the inventor of several dental in-

JOSEPH JUNK.

strunients, and often making his own tools. He
was an ingenius craftsman, and frequently assisted
his fellow.-dentists in some difficult operation or
in the invention of some useful instrument. One
of his inventions which has won fame for him is
a water motor, thus doing away with foot power.
He was a member of Chicago and New Orleans
dental societies, being an honored guest at the
meetings of these societies held in the homes of
the members, as was then the custom.

Mr. Lawrence was reared in the faith of the
Church of England, and always adhered to that
denomination, attending its services, although he
liked other preachers very much, especially Dr.
Thomas, whom he always delighted to hear. He
was not connected with any secrect society, pre-

ferring rather a quiet home life. He was very
companionable and had great sympathy with
all his fellow-men and women, being the happy
possessor of a large number of friends and ac-
quaintances. He exercised charity to all de-
serving poor, not being ostentatious in all this,
but believed in following the dictates of his heart
only,- and not seeking the approval of his friends.
He neyer, in any way, catered to the good-will of
the masses. His every action was prompted by
duty as he saw it, and thus in him is seen an ex-
ample of an upright and honest man, true to his
friends and principles. He died, in Chicago
on the 6th of March, 1891, lamented by hosts of
those who had learned to know him and call him
friend.

JOSEPH JUNK.

(1OSEPH JUNK was born January 15, 1841,
I at Salmrohr, near Trier, Germany. He was
G/ the son of Joseph and Margaret Junk, natives
of the same place. The former was a teacher
there, and a scholarly man, who was esteemed
and honored by all in the community. He lived
to be over eighty years of age, and died in his
native town. They had one son and five daugh-
ters. Two of the latter were Sisters of St. Charles
and well known as nurses during the wars. One
of them, Margaret, was known as Sister Eu-
phrasia, and was Mother Superior of the convent
at Mettlach, the town where the famous German
pottery is made. The owner of the manufactory
built the convent. Her sister, Anna, was also in
the convent, known as Sister Anastasia. Both
of them are now deceased. The other three
daughters are married, and live in Germany.
The father of Joseph Junk, senior, was burgo-

master of Salmrohr, and was killed by robbers,
who mistook him for another man, for whom they
were lying in wait.

The subject of this sketch was educated in Ger-
man}', and came to America at the age of twenty-
seven years. After landing at New York, he
came directly to Chicago, where he learned his
trade with his old neighbor and countryman,
Peter Schoenhoff, one of the early brewers of this
city. He was afterward associated for several
years with Huck's Malt House.

May 18, 1871, he married Miss Magdalena,
daughter of Hubert and Elizabeth (Thormann)
Hagemann, well-known residents of Chicago, who
came here in 1853. They formerly had a grocery
on the West Side. In 1895 they celebrated their
golden wedding. Of their nine children, only
Magdalena now survives.

Mr. Junk embarked in the brewing business in

J. H. RAAP.

1884, on the corner of Thirty-seventh and Hal-
sted Streets. In this he had a valuable assistant
in his wife, who became familiar with the details
of the business. They were but fairly started
when he died, February 23, 1887. At that time
they manufactured about nine thousand barrels
of beer annually. The estate was involved in
debt for half its value, but with commendable
zeal Mrs, Junk continued the business, and so
well did she manage it that from time to time she
was able to increase it, until at the present time
the brewery yields eighty thousand barrels of
beer annually, all of which finds a market in
Chicago. Mrs. Junk deserves great credit for
her work, especially when we remember that she
was then the mother of six small children. The
names of the children are as follows: Joseph P.,
Edward H., Mary E., Rose Anna, Aloysius and
Mary Magdalena. Religiously the family are
members of the Saint Augustine Roman Catholic
Church.

The two eldest sons are associated in business
with their mother, and the eldest, though but

thirteen years old at the death of his father, was
of great assistance to his mother, devoting his
whole time and energy to the business. The
eldest daughter, Miss Mary E. Junk, is fast be-
coming well known as a musician, excelling es-
pecially on the harp, to which instrument she has
devoted many years of hard study.

The successful life of Mrs. Junk is well calcu-
lated to interest her descendants as well as the
citizens of Chicago, who are ever ready to honor
and give due credit to those who assist in build-
ing up the city's manufacturing interests, thus
adding wealth and comforts to many homes.

In 1890 Mrs. Junk built a handsome home, in
spacious grounds, on Garfield Boulevard, which
her aged parents share with her and which very
nearly represents the ideal home, where rest and
comfort await those wearied with the business of
the day. Not only does Mrs. Junk possess energy
and business capacity, which all must admire,
but in addition to these she possesses those quali-
ties of mind and heart which make her a good
mother and a true woman .

JOHN H. RAAP.

(JOHN HENRY RAAP was born August i,
1840, in L,udingworth, Hanover, Germany,
(*) and was a son of Ernst and Catharina M.
(Cords) Raap, both natives of that place. In
1854 the family removed to America, settling in
Chicago, where Mr. Raap bought a house of three
rooms on Cornell Street, near Ashland Avenue.
They had two children, namely: John Henry
Raap, whose name stands at the head of this arti-
cle; and Mrs. Minnie Dilcherd, who resides at
No. 67 Cornelia Street, in Chicago. The parents
were thrifty and economical, and they won the
respect of the community. They died at their
home on Cornell Street.

John Henry Raap received most of his educa-
tion in his native country, which he supplement-
ed by subsequent reading and observation. He
was confirmed in the German Lutheran Church,
and of this faith he remained an adherent. He
was a bright, intelligent boy when he came to
America and soon learned to speak the English
language fluently. He possessed those qualities
that insure success in the business world. On his
arrival in Chicago he became employed in a brick
yard, and, realizing the advantages of a better edu-
cation than he then possessed, he attended a night
school, and there he studied diligently to prepare
himself for the business career that was after-

C. D. MAGEE.

wards his. He had indomitable courage and per-
severance and he saw the hopeful side of life.

Mr. Raap's first business venture was a grocery
store, on the corner of Pratt and Milwaukee Av-
enues, which he conducted only a short time.
He then removed to Dunkel's Grove, where he
had a general store two years and then sold out
to return to the city, engaging in the flour
and feed trade at Nos. 572-74 Milwaukee Avenue
in a small building which was gradually merged
into a wholesale liquor house. In 1870 he built
the large building occupied by the business at the
present time. He gradually extended his trade
until he ranked among the foremost and most
successful German business men in the city.

As would be expected, Mr. Raap was connect-
ed with many social orders and societies, among
which are the Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
the Sons of Hermann, the Central Turner Society,
the Teutonia Maennerchor and the Chicago Re-
bekah Society. In political opinions he was a

Republican, and he had much influence in polit-
ical affairs, but he never held any office. He
passed away April 23, 1897.

Mr. Raap was twice married. His first wife
was Sophia Sohle, a native of Germany, now de-
ceased. May i, 1873, he married Miss Helena
Hannah Gilow, a daughter of Fritz and Mary
(Wagner) Gilow, natives of Grim, Prussia. She
proved to be in every way a worthy helpmate,
and was of invaluable assistance to her husband,
being as ambitious and enterprising as he. She
was ever willing to lead, and she conducted the
home and helped in the business of her husband.
She is a true type of the German- American house-
wife, always alert and willing to further her hus-
band's interests. She survives her husband, and
is the mother of five children, now living, namely:
John Henry, junior, Tillie L,., Robert R., Ernst
E. and Pearl Frances. The two older sons con-
tinue to carry on the business which was left by
their father.

CHARLES D. MAGEE.

HARLES DAVIDSON MAGEE, who has

1 ( been connected with the iron industry of
\J Chicago for many years, was born October
3, 1846, in the beautiful city of Belfast, Ireland.
His parents were John and Elizabeth (Croft)
Magee, both natives of that country. The fam-
ily emigrated to America in 1855 and settled in
the growing city of Chicago, which was then
just beginning to give evidence of future great-
ness. There the elder Magee engaged in the
iron, steam and gasfitting business, which he
had learned and conducted before leaving Ire-
land, and continued it successfully until his death,
at the age of sixty-five years, October 27, 1878.

Charles D. Magee spent his early boyhood in
his native city and there attended school. He
was but nine years of age when the family set-
tled in Chicago, and in the public schools of that
city he completed his education. He then en-
gaged in business with his father and spent
twenty years in steam and gasfitting, thus se-
curing a thorough and practical knowledge of all
the details of that trade and gaining a wide and
varied experience, which has been of great use to
him in his later business connections. Having
shown an aptitude for trade and having gained a
large acquaintance among business men, he
readil} 7 secured a position as traveling represen-

AUGUST DRESEL.

tative of the Corundum Wheel Company, and
since that time he has served the interests of
many of the most prominent iron firms in the
United States, to the advantage and satisfaction
of all parties. At present he is interested in the
Automatic Acetylene Gas Company and is de-
voting his energies to the promotion of that en-
terprise.

Mr. Magee was married in 1865 to Miss Mary
D. Williams, who was bom June 29, 1845, in
Terre Haute, Indiana, and is a daughter of R. G.
and Sophronia D. Williams, both natives of New
York. Mrs. Williams died December 19, 1896.
Mr. and Mrs. Magee are the parents of three
children, John E., Albert M. and Charles D.,
aged thirty, twenty-six and nineteen years, re-
spectively.

The subject of this notice is a valued and in-
fluential member of the Wesleyan Methodist
Church, worshiping at the church on Halsted
Street, near Fullerton Avenue. He is prominent

in the Masonic order, and in 1894 organized the
Order of the White Shrine of Jerusalem, for which
he wrote the ritual This order bears the same
relation to the adopted rites of Masonry that the
Order of Knights Templar does to the main body
of Masonry. The order was incorporated by Mr.
Magee in the State of Illinois, October 3, 1895,
and the Supreme Shrine was then organized with
headquarters at Chicago, Mr. Magee being
elected Supreme Chancellor for a term of three
years. Later the headquarters were removed to
Grand Rapids, Michigan, where they are still
located. Membership in the order is limited to
Master Masons and their wives, mothers, sisters,
daughters and widows. It is rapidly growing in
numbers, having extended itself into three States,
Minnesota, Michigan and Illinois. Mr. Magee
is a conservative in politics. He is a most genial
and affable gentleman, ever ready to give help
and advice to those who ask it, and is considered
one of Chicago's most energetic business men.

AUGUST DRESEL

GJ1 UGUST DRESEL, for many years identi-
J I fied with the business life of Chicago, has
/ I been engaged in his present occupation of
florist since 1866. He began business at No.
656 Clybourn Avenue, and continued there until
about 1888, when he sold out to Samuel J.
Pearce. He then established himself at his pres-
ent place of business, near the corner of Western
and Belmont Avenues, where he has about one
and one-half acres of ground under glass. His
principal products are roses and plants for spring

planting. He also raises palms and several
varieties of flowers for cutting, selling the bulk of
his product to dealers.

Mr. Dresel was born October 9, 1838, in Hoi-
stein, Germany, and is a son of Henry and Anna
Dresel, both natives of the same province. The
son was educated in his native land, where he
went through a long and thorough course of
training in landscape gardening, and the cultiva-
tion of all kinds of pi ants produced for market.
He continued in this occupation until his removal

L. J. SMITH.

to the United States. In June, 1865, he left the
Fatherland, taking passage on a steamship which
sailed from Hamburg bound for New York. He
landed in the last-named city in the latter part of
July, and proceeded thence to LaFayette, Indiana,
where he remained but a short time, removing to
Jasper County, in the same State.

In March, 1866, he had saved enough from his
earnings as a farm laborer in Indiana to pur-
chase a horse, and he rode the animal to Chi-
cago. After his arrival he soon found employ-
ment in the old Sheffield Avenue nursery of Mar-
tin Lewis. During that season he worked at
various occupations, and in the following spring
he purchased from Mr. Lewis the floral depart-
ment of his nursery, and began business for him-
self. The beginning was small, but he was in-
dustrious and attentive to the wants of his cus-
tomers, working early and late to build up his
fortunes. In a short time he was enabled to
purchase the greenhouses which he occupied, and

he has ever since continued to conduct the busi-
ness with gratifying success. For six years he
was also interested in the manufacture of brick,
being a stockholder of the Northwestern Brick
Company while it existed.

He has usually supported the Democratic party
in matters of political principle, but is not a
strong partisan, and is wholly independent in
considering local affairs. The candidate who
seems to him best qualified and most willing to
carry out the wishes of his constituents is certain
to receive his support, regardless of party dicta-
tions.

December 20, 1866, Mr. Dresel was married to
Miss Mary Kj-ersgaard, a native of Denmark.
Two of their children died in childhood, and
there are five living, namely: Claussin, Sophia,
August, Henry and Louis. The family is identi-
fied with the Lutheran Church and bears its
share in the social life of the community, where
it is held in the highest respect.

LLOYD J. SMITH.

I LOYD JAMES SMITH, one of the most
It active and earnest of our business men, is
l_^ a descendant of old Russian and English
families, and is a native of Wheeler, Indiana.
His grandfather, Peter Smith, was born in Eng-
land, and was a brother of Sir Harry Smith,
a noted officer of the British army, who fought in
the American Revolution.

Peter Smith's son, James P. Smith, who was
born and educated in London, came to the United
States at the age of fourteen years, and was for
thirty years the manager of the Central Elevators
of Chicago. He married Helen Christopher,
daughter of a high official in the Russian govern-
ment, who left his native country because of the
jealousy of other officials, and left his property
in Russia.

Lloyd James Smith is one of their children.
He was educated in a Chicago high school and
the Metropolitan Business College. His first em-
ployment was with the Northwestern National
Bank, as messenger, at the age of seventeen
years. After thus spending two years, he re-
moved to Idaho, and in that state and in Oregon,
spent two years in charge of a cattle ranch.
After this he was a broker for the Central Elevator
Company, and the Munger-Wheeler Company.

In 1889 he became general manager of the
Santa Fe Elevator and Dock Company, and the
Chicago Elevator Company, and is now the sec-
retary and treasurer of the Santa Fe Company.
Since 1890 Mr. Smith has been a director of the
Board of Trade, and his office continues until
1900. He is chairman of the executive commit-

4 6

A. H. BUSSE.

tee, and has served on all important commitees of
the directory. He has always represented the
elevator interests in any controversies.

Mr. Smith has been chairman of the Cook
County Republican Central Committee, and served
two years as its vice-president. For five years
he was the vice-president of the Marquette Club,
and is a member of the Chicago Athletic Club.
In political principle he is a Republican, and

takes great interest in national and local af-
fairs. He has attained high rank in the Masonic
fraternity, and affiliates with Medinah Temple of
the Mystic Shrine.

October 15, 1890, he married Miss Sadie B.
Hall, and they are the parents of one child,
Lloyda Kezzie Smith, born October 4, 1891.
Mrs. Smith is a daughter of Z. M. Hall, whose
biography appears in this work.

AUGUST H. BUSSE.

GlUGUST HUBERT BUSSE was born No-
I I vember 10, 1867, in a house which stood on
/ I an alley between Commercial and Houston
Avenues and Ninety-second and Ninety-third
Streets. This house was subsequently moved to
No. 9205 Commercial Avenue, where it still
stands. August H. Busse is a son of August
and Caroline (Albert) Busse. He received his
education in the common schools of Chicago, part
of the time attending the Bowen School. At the
age of fourteen years he was obliged to leave his
studies to attend to the more serious duties of life.
He was first employed in the planing mill of
Crandall, Fisher & Company, now belonging to
Kratzer & Fisher. After spending a year with this
firm, he was employed a year in the drug store
of Arnold & Merrill, and then became engaged
in carpenter work for Otto Schoening, with whom
he remained about one year.

May 9, 1885, Mr. Busse entered the service of
the City Fire Department, as a driver at first,
and truckman afterwards. In a fire which oc-
curred in December, 1888, his left hand was in-
jured, the small bones in his left knee were
broken, and he received an injury in his side, so
that he was compelled to remain at home six

months. The fire which caused him so much
suffering was on Mackinaw Avenue, between
Eighty-fifth and Eighty-sixth Streets.

Upon his recovery from injuries received while
in the fire department, Mr. Busse resolved to find
other employment, and accordingly, on May 23,
1889, he joined the police force as patrolman,
and for the past two years has been employed as
messenger in the South Chicago Station. In his
business life he has attended strictly to the duties
of his position, and has always shown a disposi-
tion to rise in station. While serving at a large
fire May 8, 1897, Mr. Busse took a severe cold,
which brought on hemorrhage of the left lung,
and incapacitated him from active duty for many
months.

Mr. Busse was married April 2, 1890, to Miss
Catherine, daughter of Joseph and Catherine
Leiendecker. They are the parents of the fol-
lowing children: Joseph, Frederick William and
George Augustus. Mr. Busse and his family are
communicants of the Roman Catholic Church,
and he is connected with the Policemen's Be-
nevolent Association. He is a man of genial and
pleasant manner, and has many firm friends, by
whom his merits and character are appreciated.

LIBRARY

OF THE

riMIVERSITY OP ILLINOIS

JOEL ELLIS.

ELLIS, for nearly fifty years an active

I citizen and useful business man of ChicagO )
G/ was descended from the old Puritan stock
which has done so much in developing the men-
tal, moral and material interests of the United
States. The energy, fortitude and stern moral
character which characterized the founders of the
New England colonies is still observed in many
of their descendants, and these attributes were
possessed by Joel Ellis in a marked degree.

His first ancestor of whom any record is now
to be found was Barzillai Ellis, born June 9, 1747,
presumably in Massachusetts, and of English
blood. March 6, 1773, he married Sarah Tobey,
who was born June 5, 1755, no doubt in the
same State and of similar ancestry. They resid-
ed in Conway, Franklin County, Massachusetts,
whence they moved, about the close of the last
century, to Chautauqua County, New York.
Here Barzillai Ellis died in 1827. His youngest
son, Samuel Ellis, died in Chicago in 1856. The
other children were Barzillai, Asa, Freeman, Ben-
jamin, Joel and Elnathan.

The children of Benjamin Ellis were Parmtlia,
Eleanor, Jane, Stephen, Mason, Datus, Joel (the
subject of this sketch) and Ensign. His wife
was Sophia Birch, a native of Connecticut. Ben-
jamin Ellis died in Fredonia, New York, in 1855.
He was a farmer, and cleared up land in the prim-
eval forest, which consumed the best years of his
life and required the assistance of his children,
who had little opportunity to attend school.

Joel Ellis was born in Fredonia, Chautauqua
County, New York, May 25, 1818. As above
indicated, his early years were devoted to the toil

which usually befell farmers' sons in those days,
and he attended school but very little. Schools
were far apart and held sessions of only three
months per year, in winter, when attendance on
the part of many children was almost impossible.
However, Joel Ellis was blessed by nature with a
sound mind and body, and his clear judgment
and active industry made him a successful busi-
ness man and good citizen.

When, in 1838, he set out for the West,
whither an uncle (Samuel Ellis, before mentioned)
had preceded him, he was an energetic and self-
reliant young man of twenty years, full of cour-
age and hopefulness and the ardor and ambition of
a strong nature. Arriving in the autumn, he found
the young city of Chicago suffering from the com-
mercial and industrial stagnation which followed
the financial panic of 1837, and his search for
employment was a vain one. The only offer which
he received was from his uncle, who was engaged
in farming some miles from the then city, but on
ground now built up with thousands of the finest
homes in Chicago, along Ellis, Greenwood and
other avenues of the South Side. He continued
in farm labor with his uncle for two years, much
of which time was occupied in chopping wood
from the timber which then covered this region,
and which must be cleared away to make room
for a tillable farm.

From 1840 to 1858 he was associated with
Archibald Clybourn, an active business man of
Chicago (see biography elsewhere in this work),
and became thorough!}- conversant with the meat
business, which was one of Mr. Clybourn's chief
enterprises. It was at the house of Mr. Cly-

4 8

JOEL ELLIS.

bourn that he met the lady who became his wife
in 1844. This was Miss Susan Galloway, a sis-
ter of Mrs. Clybourn and daughter of James
and Sally (McClenthan) Galloway, of Pennsyl-
vania birth and Scotch ancestry. Her grand-
father, Samuel Galloway, was a native of Scot-
land, whose wife was of Pennsylvania-German
descent. They were among the earliest settlers
on the Susquehanna River, and Samuel Galloway
was a soldier in the Revolutionary Army. Mrs.
Ellis was taken by her parents, when a small
child, to Sandusky, Ohio, and thence the fam-
ily came to Chicago, arriving on the gth of
November, 1826. They left Sandusky on the
ist of October, in a sailing-vessel, and were
wrecked south of Mackinaw, but were rescued by
another vessel, which brought them to Chicago.

James Galloway had visited Illinois in the fall
of 1824, and was very much charmed with the
country' about the Grand Rapids of the Illinois
River (now known as Marseilles), where he bought
a claim. He spent the winter of 1826-27 in
Chicago with his family, and settled on this claim
in the following spring, and continued to reside
there the balance of his life. His wife died in
1830, and he subsequently married Matilda Stipes,
of Virginia. In character Mr. Galloway was a
fit representative of his sturdy Scotch ancestry,
and was well fitted for pioneering in those early
days, when means of travel and communication
were difficult, and the dwellers in the wilderness
were compelled to forego many comforts and
social advantages, besides braving the enmity of
their savage neighbors.

Of the five children of James and Sally Gallo-
way, Mrs. Clybourn is the eldest. The second,
Jane, wife of Washington Holloway, died in 1894.
John died in Missouri. Susan is Mrs. Ellis.
George, born April 12, 1828, at Marseilles, is now
deceased. Of the second marriage, Archibald
and Marshall are the only surviving offspring.
The former now shares a part of the original farm
at Marseilles with George's widow. The latter
resides in Chicago.

On leaving the employ of Mr. Clybourn, Mr.
Ellis engaged in the retail meat business on his
own account, and furnished supplies to many of

the leading hotels and to vessels entering Chicago
Harbor. In 1865 he formed a partnership with
Thomas Armour and began an extensive whole-
sale business in meats and provisions, which
grew beyond his fondest dreams of success. In
fifteen years he amassed a comfortable fortune,
which was largely invested in improved real es-
tate in the city. As the care of his property ab-
sorbed much of his time, he decided to retire from
active business, and, in the spring of 1871, he pur-
chased twenty acres in the town of Jefferson (now
a part of the city of Chicago), on which he built
a handsome suburban home, in which he hoped
to pass the balance of his days in well-earned rest
from the arduous labors which had occupied his
earlier years. Scarcely was he settled in his new
home when the great fire of October, 1871, rob-
bed him of all his buildings save the home at Jef-
ferson, just completed. Without any repining,
he set to work at once to repair the losses. It
was his custom to rise at two o'clock in the morn-
ing and drive into the city to begin business.
There were no rapid-transit systems then to move
suburban residents quickly from and to their
homes, and he took means which would appall any
but such stout natures as his to rebuild his fort-
unes. In this he was moderately successful, and
when a cancer caused his death at his home in
Jefferson, October 29, 1886, he left his family
comfortably provided for.

A quiet, unassuming man, he gave little atten-
tion to public affairs, though he took the interest
in local and national progress which every true
American must feel, and discharged his duty as
it appeared to him by supporting the Republican
party after it came into existence, having former-
ly affiliated with the Whigs. He was a member
of the Masonic fraternity, and was an active sup-
porter of the Universalist Church, being among
the organizers of St. Paul's congregation, whose
pastor, Rev. W. E. Manly, performed the cere-
mony which made him the head of a family. Be-
sides his widow, he left three children, namely:
Lucretia, now the widow of George W. Pinney,
residing in Chicago; Winfield, of Highland Park,
Illinois; and Mary Josephine, Mrs. Algernon S.
Osgood, of Chicago.

WILLIAM LEE.

{DQILLIAM LEE, a leading citizen of Pull-
\ A I man, was born at Rochester, New York,
YY June 14, 1851. He is a son of Rev. Henry
Washington Lee and Lydia Mason Morton.
Rev. H. W. Lee was a native of Hamden, Con-
necticut. He entered the Episcopal ministry at
an early age, and filled pastorates of several
years each at Springfield, Massachusetts, and
Rochester, New York. In 1854 he was made
the first regular Bishop of Iowa, and filled that
position during the balance of his life, his resi-
dence being at Davenport, where his death oc-
curred in 1874, at the age of fifty-nine years.
He was one of the most active and distinguished
men of that faith in the United States during his
time, and greatly advanced the prosperity of the
Episcopal Church in the West.

The Lee family is of English lineage. Col.
Roswell Lee, the father of Rev. H. W. Lee,
served in the regular army of the United States
for many years. He participated in the War of
1812, and subsequently had charge of the United
States Armory at Springfield, Massachusetts, for
a considerable period of time. He was very
prominent in the Masonic order, and a lodge of
that fraternity at Springfield was named in his
honor.

Mrs. Lydia M. Lee, who is now living at Salt
Lake City, Utah, at the venerable age of eighty-
four years, was born at Taunton, Massachusetts.
She is a daughter of ex-Governor Marcus Mor-
ton, of that State. The latter was of English de-
scent, and served for many years as Chief Justice
of the State of Massachusetts previous to his
election as Governor.

William Lee, whose name heads this article,
spent most of his boyhood in Davenport. In

1864 he entered Hamden Military Academy, at
Hamden, Connecticut, taking a two-years course
at that institution. He subsequently became a
student at Racine College, Racine, Wisconsin,
but upon completing the junior year, in 1870, he
went to Griswold College at Davenport, Iowa, an
institution of which his father had been the
founder. The following year he graduated, re-
ceiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then
became connected with the engineer corps of the
Burlington & Missouri River Railroad, and spent
about one year about Kearney, Nebraska, where
he was engaged in laying off the line of that
road, then in course of construction. Being de-
termined to perfect himself in this profession, he
took a special course in engineering at Lawrence
Scientific School, Harvard University.

In 1873 he located at Chicago and engaged in
general surveying, but the next year went to
Salt Lake City, and occupied the next two sea-
sons in surveying and mining. Four years more
were spent in general engineering work at San
Francisco. Returning to Illinois in 1880, he was
employed as assistant engineer in platting the
town of Pullman. Three years later he entered
the service of the United States Government, on
a survey of the Hennepin Canal, and also as-
sisted in surveying the Illinois and Calumet
Rivers. He was subsequently connected with
the Public Works department of the village of
Hyde Park, and upon the annexation of that ter-
ritory to the city of Chicago, in 1889, he con-
tinued for one year in the engineering depart-
ment of the city. In the summer of 1890 he took
charge of platting the town of Harvey. Two years
were occupied in laying off this village, together
with its drainage and water- works systems. Since

Z. A. NEFF.

that time he has done most of the surveying and
engineering work for the villages of North Har-
vey, Dolton, Riverdale, Homewood, Matteson
and other places. During this time he has also
done most of the work in this line for the Pull-
man Land Association and Pullman's Palace Car
Company. His reputation for accurate and reli-
able workmanship causes his services to be re-
peatedly sought wherever he is known.

In October, 1873, Mr. Lee was united in matri-
mony to Miss Anna Cleo Everett, daughter of
William H. Everett, of Davenport, Iowa. Mrs.
Lee was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and
her death occurred at Chicago June 25, 1884, at

the age of thirty-five years. She left a son and a
daughter, named, 'respectively, Henry W. and
Mabel. Mr. Lee was again married, November
15, 1888, to Florence Isabel Ferguson, daughter
of William and Anna W. Ferguson, of Cincin-
nati. Two children have been born of this union,
namely, Alice Ferguson and Lydia Morton. The
family moves in the best social circles and enjoys
the good- will of all its acquaintances. Mr. Lee
is a member of the Western Society of Civil En-
gineers. A Republican in political sentiment,
he takes a patriotic interest in all important pub-
lic affairs, but never seeks the political patronage
of his fellow-citizens.

ZACHARIAH A. NEFF.

G7ACHARIAH ADDISON NEFF, a resident
I. of Cook County for the past thirty years,
I^J and a public official during the greater part
of that time, is a native of Pennsylvania, born
April 21, 1834, at Blairsville, Indiana County,
in that State. His father, Amos Neff, was born
in Virginia, probably at West Point, and was a
son of John Neff. It is supposed that members
of the Neff family came to America from Alsace-
Lorraine, and settled simultaneously in Virginia,
Pennsylvania and New York, in each of which
States their posterity have been numerous for
many generations. Amos Neff died when the
subject of this sketch was about seven years old.
Elizabeth Brewer, who became the wife of
Amos Neff and mother of Z. A. Neff, was born
in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. Her fa-
ther, whose Christian name is supposed to have
been Andrew or John Andrew, served in the
Revolutionary army, and received a grant of six
hundred acres of land in Wisconsin from the Gov-
ernment in recognition of his services. While a
young man he was captured by Indians and held
a prisoner seven years. At the time of his death

he lacked less than five months of completing his
one-hundredth year. His daughter, Mrs. Neff,
was born before the beginning of the present
century, and was a strong and industrious wo-
man. She died at the early age of fifty-seven, in
1856. Beside the son whose name heads this
article, she had a daughter, Martha A., who is
now the widow of James Amesbaugh, residing at
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Z. A. Neff grew to manhood at Blairsville,
Pennsylvania, and received the full benefit of the
public schools. He learned the tinner's trade, and
during the Civil War had charge of the tin, cop-
per and sheet-iron department of the Government
railroad shops at Alexandria, Virginia, serving
in that capacity throughout the war. The mili-
tary railroad system was organized by the noted
Andrew Carnegie, who brought to the scene of
action a number of workmen, including Mr.
Neff. These works grew to immense propor-
tions before the close of the war.

After peace came, Mr. Neff came to Chicago
and opened a tin shop, to which was soon added
a stock of general hardware, and he did much

W. J. KEMPER.

jobbing and railroad work. In the spring of
1872 he sold out and removed to Dolton, where
he opened a hardware business and continued it
about twenty years. He was appointed Post-
master at Dolton by President Garfield, and re-
appointed by President Harrison, serving in all
about ten years. He is at present Clerk of the
Village of Dolton, and since 1891 has been a
County Constable, the duties of that office oc-
cupying most of his time. During the time when
not otherwise occupied, he does considerable col-
lecting for Chicago houses, and on all occasions
has shown himself to be a reliable, industrious and
capable business man.

He was married April n, 1872, to Miss Sarah
S. Harter, who was born in Delaware, Ohio, and
came to Illinois with her parents in 1843, theirs
being the second family to locate on the site of
the present village of Dolton. Mrs. Neffis the
only child of John Harter and his second wife,

Elizabeth, whose maiden name was Rheem. Her
father had six other children, all of whom are or
have been well-known citizens of Dolton. Mrs.
Elizabeth Harter sprang from a distinguished fam-
ily in Pennsylvania. She was a native of Rox-
bury, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, and
died at Dolton in August, 1843. She was first
married to William Grearson. The only son of
this union, George W. Grearson, was killed by
the explosion of a tug in the Chicago harbor in
1863.

Mr. Neff aided in the organization of a lodge of
the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Dolton,
which has since surrendered its charter. He has
always been a Republican in his political allegi-
ance, and has voted for every presidential candi-
date of that party since attaining his majority,
including John C. Fremont in 1856. He has
always been a public-spirited and useful citizen,
and enjoys the respect of all his associates.

WILLIAM J. KEMPER.

fDGjlLLIAM JOHN KEMPER, one of theold-
\A/ es * res idents f Chicago, who gained a
V Y competence here by his characteristic Ger-
man industry, frugality and integrity, was born
on the 2d of February, 1816, in the Province of
Osnabrueck, Hanover, Germany. His parents
were Juergen Bernhardt and Katharine (Schuster)
Kemper. The latter died at the age of fifty-two
years in Germany. The father came to America
in 1840, and settled in Chicago, where he died
twelve years later.

The subject of this sketch received his primary
education in the public schools of Germany.
From fourteen to eighteen years of age he worked
as a farm laborer for one employer. On reach-
ing his majority he put into execution his pre-
viously conceived determination to seek his fort-

une in the new and free world beyond the seas.
He landed in New York in 1836, and found em-
ployment, in company with his brother, John
Kemper, in a tannery in Sullivan County, New
York.

May 14, 1837, he settled in Chicago. His first
employment here was in the capacity of cook,
serving the people engaged in developing a Gov-
ernment harbor in the Chicago River. For sev-
eral years subsequently he was employed by the
lale John Wentworth and others. His next em-
ployment was in the milk business with Lill &
Diversey, who were established at the foot of
Chicago Avenue. In 1843 he engaged in the
milk and vegetable business on his own account,
and continued this for twenty-one years, or until
he retired in 1864. By his honesty and strict

W. J. McELDOWNEY.

attention to business he gained favor in the eyes
of the public, and was known and respected
throughout the northern part of the city.

In 1848 Mr. Kemper bought the block of
ground bounded by Orchard and Larrabee Streets
and Fullerton and Belden Avenues. This ground
has appreciated immensely in value since then,
and it has been gradually sold off, except a plot
at the corner of Orchard Street and Fullerton
Avenue, one hundred and thirty by one hundred
and seventy-five feet in dimensions, where Mr.
Kemper has his home, in the midst of one of
the most beautiful residence districts in the city.
The great fire of 1871 destroyed two large houses
which he owned at the corner of Wells and Hill
Streets.

On the i gth of July, 1843, in Chicago, Mr. Kem-
per was married to Miss Katharine Toenigen,
a native of the Province of Otersberg, Hanover,
Germany. She is a daughter of Nicholas and
Mary (Gerken) Toenigen. Mrs. Kemper is the
second of two daughters born to her parents; she
was robbed of her mother by death at the age of
eleven years. She came to America with her

sister, Mrs. Henry Knopp, in 1842. Nine chil-
dren have been given to Mr. and Mrs. Kemper,
namely: Anna Marie, Katharine, John, Louise,
Christina, Margaret, William Henry, Edward
Hermann and Richard George. The eldest and
second sons are now deceased. The second
daughter is the wife of F. Kruse; the next mar-
ried Frank Pfunder; the fourth is Mrs. William
Ermeling; and the fifth is the wife of Charles
Baltz. The surviving sons married respectively
Stella and Anna Sourwine. All are happily set-
tled in business and social life in Chicago. Anna
Marie has devoted her life to her parents, and is
the stay and comfort of their old age. One of
the most joyful events in the history of the fam-
ily was the celebration, in 1893, of the golden
wedding anniversary of the parents, who are still
in the enjoyment of good health, and have dwelt
for forty-five years in the same place. They are
associated with the Evangelical Association, be-
ing identified with the Wisconsin Street Church.
Mr. Kemper voted for the elder Harrison, and
has supported the Whig or Republican ticket
ever since.

WILLIAM J. McELDOWNEY.

JOHN McELDOWNEY, Pres-
identofthe Bank of Chicago Heights, a
son of John McEldowney , whose biography
appears in these pages, have inherited many of
the qualities which made his father a leading and
influential citizen. He is honest, straightfor-
ward and friendly, and keeps in view the welfare
of his fellows and of the community. He was
born June 30, 1843, in Bloom, and spent his boy-
hood on his father's farm in his native town. In
childhood, and in the intervals of farm labor in

later years, he attended the common school of the
neighborhood, and finished his studies at Lake
Forest Academy.

Soon after the completion of his nineteenth year,
in October, 1862, he enlisted in his country's serv-
ice in the suppression of rebellion. He became
a member of Company M, Fourteenth Regiment
of Illinois Cavalry, under Colonel Capron. He
served nine months in Kentucky, and was dis-
charged at the end of that time, with the rank of
sergeant.

C. D. HEWS, A. M., M. D.

On his return to Bloom in 1863, Mr. McEl-
dowuey entered the store of James Hunter in the
village, and continued in his service until the
spring of 1868. He then purchased a farm of one
hundred and twenty acres, which he subsequent-
ly increased to two hundred and sixty acres in
Bloom Township; this he retained and tilled until
1892, when he sold a quarter-section to the Chi-
cago Heights Land Association. The remaining
one hundred acres, adjoining the village, he still
retains.

Upon the organization of the Bank of Chicago
Heights, January i, 1893, in which he was in-
strumental, Mr. McEldowney was elected its pres-
ident and has filled that position since. He is a
member of the Presbyterian Church of Chicago
Heights, of which he is treasurer and a member
of the board of trustees. He has always taken
an intelligent interest in the conduct of local

affairs, and has often been selected to act in their
administration. He has been Supervisor several
years, and has also been Town Treasurer. He
is a steadfast Republican in general political prin-
ciple.

He was married October 22,1866, to Miss Mary
H. McQueen, a native of Elgin, Illinois, daugh-
ter of George and Margaret (McCormick) Mc-
Queen, both natives of Scotland. Five children
complete the family of Mr. and Mrs. McEldown-
ey, namely: John Howard, commercial editor
of the Chicago Tribune; George I., book-keeper
of the Chicago Heights Bank; Annie, William
Frank and Ralph. As the result of his industry,
prudence and sagacity, Mr. McEldowney is now
at the head of one of the soundest and most suc-
cessful business institutions of the community,
and enjoys the respect and friendship of his
fellow-citizens.

CHARLES D. HEWS, A. M., M. D.

(TJHARLES DEANEHEWS, A. M., M. D.,
I ( the first medical practitioner at Roseland,
\J was born at La Porte, Indiana, April 5,
1846. His parents, Dr. Richard B. Hews and
Jane Elizabeth Spaulding, were natives of Penn-
sylvania, and became early settlers in northern
Indiana. His paternal grandfather, Bursten Hews,
was an Englishman, who crossed the ocean and
located in the Keystone State about the beginning
of the present century. He kept an inn at Can-
ton Corners, in Bradford County. His wife was
an offspring of the famous Clendenning family
of Scotland. She was a lady of extraordinary
physical vigor, and a devout adherent of the
Baptist faith. She was accustomed to walk twen-
ty miles and back regularly each Sabbath (proba-

bly to Towanda) to reach the nearest point at
which she could enjoy the close communion of
that sect. Even in old age she persistently de-
clined the services of a carriage in going to church.
She died at La Porte, Indiana, at the venerable
age of ninety-six years.

Dr. R. B. Hews studied medicine at Phila-
delphia, and became a practitioner of the "Thom-
sonian" school. About 1830 he removed to La
Porte, making the journey with a horse and
sleigh, accompanied by his wife. He practiced
there several years and also engaged in mer-
cantile business, opening the first store in the
place, and bringing his goods from Detroit by
team. In addition to these pursuits, he oper-
ated extensively in real estate upon the present

C. D. HEWS, A. M., M. D.

site of Joliet, Illinois, and other Western cities.
The ground now occupied by the Union Depot
at Kansas City was purchased by him before any
one had dreamed of a railroad at that point. His
death occurred at L,a Porte in 1892, at the age of
eighty-six years. Mrs. Jane E. Hews is still liv-
ing at the last-named place, at the age of seventy-
six years. Her father, Charles Spaulding, was
also of English lineage. Dr. and Mrs. R. B.
Hews were the parents of nine children, two of
whom died in infancy. Robert is a resident of
Oakland, California, where he is Commissioner
of Public Works. William, a prominent business
man of Kansas City, is a veteran of the Forty-
eighth Indiana Volunteers. James died in 1895,
in Chicago, while Assistant Auditor of the Wis-
consin Central Railroad. Charles D. is the next
in order of birth. Mary J. is the wife of George
H. Serviss, a banker of New Carlisle, Indiana.
Elizabeth died in 1884, at L,a Porte, Indiana,
where Kittie, the youngest, now resides.

Dr. C. D. Hews evidently inherits the vigor-
ous constitution and tendency to longevity which
distinguished his progenitors. He received a
liberal education, first taking a course at Hills-
dale College, Hillsdale, Michigan, from which he
received the degree of Master of Arts. In 1864
he became a student at the Chicago University,
and later attended the University of Michigan at
Ann Arbor, graduating from that famous in-
stitution in 1869, with the title of Doctor of Medi-
cine. He had previously practiced about one
year at Marengo, Illinois, with Dr. Green, one of
the oldest surgeons in the State.

Soon after leaving Ann Arbor he located at
Roseland, where he has ever since been engaged
in the active practice of medicine and surgery.
When he came to this place the nearest physicians
were at Blue Island and Hyde Park, and his
practice extended for miles through the surround-
ing country. Though his field of usefulness has
been curtailed geographically, if measured by the
number of patients treated it has been constantly
increasing, and his popularity has been well
merited. He is a member of the Chicago and
Illinois Medical Societies.

During Sherman's Atlanta campaign, in 1864,

Dr. Hews enlisted under the call for three hundred
thousand troops for one hundred days' service, and
was enrolled in Company B, One Hundred and
Thirty-eighth Indiana Infantry. He served un-
der General Milroy, and accompanied the expedi-
tion as far as Atlanta. He took part in a num-
ber of skirmishes with Texas rangers, and other
guerrilla bands. While encamped at Tantallon ,
Tennessee, his company, while on a foraging ex-
pedition a few miles from camp, was surprised
and captured by a Confederate force under Gen-
eral Forrest, who was on the way to destroy Elk
River Bridge, on the Nashville & Chattanooga
Railroad. Not wishing to be encumbered by
prisoners, the enemy were content with confiscat-
ing all the clothing, money and other valuables
of the Union men, who were obliged to work
their way back to camp as best they could, and
were afterward jeered by their comrades on ac-
count of their scanty toilet. In common with the
other volunteers who responded to that call, the
Doctor received a certificate of thanks, which was
signed by President Lincoln and Secretary Stan-
ton ; this he still cherishes among his most valued
relics.

The Doctor was married in 1876, and has one
daughter, Carrie Hews, now a student at Loretto
Academy, Loretto, Kentucky. He is a member
of the Masonic order, and has always been a
Democrat in political sentiments. He served two
terms as a member of the Board of Trustees of
the village of Hyde Park (now the Thirty-fourth
Ward of the city of Chicago) . He has always
been interested in promoting public works, and
was instrumental in securing the first appropria-
tion for the improvement of Michigan Avenue
through the village of Roseland, and in straight-
ening that thoroughfare from Roseland to the
Calumet River. Though his professional services
are in almost constant demand, he finds time to
keep well informed on the leading public ques-
tions of the day, and displays independent judg-
ment in forming and expressing his opinion. He
keeps thoroughly abreast of the times on all pro-
fessional and scientific subjects, and his library
and instrumental appliances embrace all the latest
and best productions in those fields.

G. H. PETERMAN.

GEORGE H. PETERMAN.

HENRY PETERMAN is one of
l_ the oldest and most faithful employes of
vU Pullman's Palace Car Company. His youth
was spent upon the banks of the Potomac River,
and his lineage has been traced from some of the
early pioneers of the valley of that historic stream,
a region famous for the production of men of
sterling character and self-sacrificing devotion to
principle. His parents were John Foster Peter-
man and Pamelia Rosina Grosh.

John F. Peterman was a son of G. W. Peter-
man, a veteran of the War of 1 8 1 2 . He probably
enlisted from Virginia, but was later found in
Mercersburgh, Pennsylvania. He was a native
of Martinsburgh, Virginia, and his mother's
maiden name was Lingefelder. Her family at
one time owned a tract of land in the city of
Washington, including the site of some of the
United States Government buildings. G. W.
Peterman died January 21, 1845, aged fifty-seven
years. His wife, Mary Catherine Tabler, died
February 20, 1859, a ' the age of sixty-three.
She was a native of Virginia, of German descent.

John F. Peterman was born at Mercersburgh,
Pennsylvania, and died at the age of fifty-four
years, December 16, 1872, in Cumberland, Mary-
land. He was a carpenter contractor by oc-
cupation. Mrs. P. R. Peterman was a daugh-
ter of Henry Grosh and Prudence M. L,eggett.
Henry Grosh 's grandparents came from Bavaria
before the Revolutionary War, and located at
Graceham, Maryland. Frederick, the father of
Henry Grosh, was born there about 1775.
Frederick Grosh' s mother-in-law, Mrs. Smith,
was captured by Indians during the Revolu-
tionary War, was held a captive seven years,

and died soon after her release. Henry Grosh
was a baker and confectioner at Williamsport,
Maryland, and also practiced the Thomsonian
system of medicine. He died there at the age of
eighty-seven years. Mrs. Peterman is the eld-
est of his twelve children, and is now living at
Pullman, aged seventy-four years. Her mother's
people were of English lineage, and conspicuous
for their longevity. The family was founded in
the United States by two brothers, one of whom
reached the great age of one hundred and twelve
years.

George H. Peterman was born at Cumberland,
Maryland, November 10, 1846. He was there-
fore less than sixteen years of age when the ani-
mosities which had long agitated the people of
the two great sections of the country culminated
in civil war. Cumberland was destined to see
much of the ravages of the strife. The majority
of its people sympathized with the Confederate
cause, and those inclined to be loyal to the Gov-
ernment hesitated about taking any decisive
action.

Young Peterman was enthusiastic in the Union
cause, and taking up a collection among those of
his schoolmates who were patriotically inclined,
purchased a few yards of bunting, which his
mother sewed into a flag. This was raised on
the public square and carefully guarded by the
boys to prevent its destruction, which had been
threatened. This was the first United States
flag raised in the town after the beginning of
hostilities. Young Peterman watched the progress
of the war with impatience for two years, then
enlisted, April n, 1863, in Company H, Third
Maryland Potomac Home Brigade. He was

JOSEPH CALDWELL.

mustered out May 29, 1865, having served in
the Middle Department, under Gen. Lew Wal-
lace. Just previous to the battle of Monocacy,
he received a bayonet wound in the groin, but
continued on duty regularly. He took part in
the battle of Monocacy, in Sheridan's entire
campaign in the Shenandoah Valley, and in
other minor engagements, and was with the regi-
ment constantly except when on detached duty.
After the war Mr. Peterman became a house car-
penter at Cumberland, and thence removed to
Newark, Ohio.

In June, 1881, he came to Pullman, where he
at once began work for the Pullman Company.
He worked at house-building for a year or two,
and then entered the car-shops. For the past
twelve years he has been continuously employed
in the trimming department, a fact which testifies
to his skill and reliability.

He was married September 27, 1892, to Miss
Delilah V. Clem, of Baltimore, Maryland, daugh-

ter of William S. and Julia Ann (Favorite) Clem.
William S. Clem was a miller by trade, and when
the war began he was employed at Culpeper
Courthouse, Virginia. Though he sympathized
with the Confederate cause, he took no part in
the struggle, but during the disorder which pre-
vailed there he was murdered. His wife died in
1852, soon after which event Mrs. Peterman went
to live with her grandfather, George Favorite,
at Mechanicstown (now Thurmont), Maryland,
where most of her childhood was passed. She was
reared in the Baptist faith, and her husband in
that of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Peterman is
a member of J. B. Wyman Post No. 521, Grand
Army of the Republic, at Pullman, and of Cum-
berland Lodge No. 60, Knights of Pythias, at
Cumberland, Maryland. A stanch Republican
from boyhood, in the fall of 1893 he helped to
organize the Pullman McKinley Club, the first in
the United States. It now has over seven hun-
dred members.

JOSEPH CALDWELL.

(JOSEPH CALDWELL, a prosperous mer-
I chant of Chicago Heights, represents one of
G/ the oldest families of the southern part of
Cook County. He was born October 22, 1847,
in the township where he resides, and is a son of
John and Mary Jane (Caldwell) Caldwell. John
Caldwell was a native of Glasgow, Scotland. His
father, Hugh Caldwell, died during his child-
hood, and he lived with his grandfather, a farmer
and milk dealer, in Kilbarton. Peter, a brother
of John Caldwell, became an extensive mason
contractor at Glasgow, Larges and Paisley. He
fitted the system of gas lights for the streets of
Larges and built a wall around the cemetery
there. He died on the first night that the streets
were lighted by gas, and his body was the first
interred in the cemetery.

John Caldwell came to America at the age of
eighteen years and landed at Montreal, Canada,
June i, 1833. About a year later he went to
Detroit, Michigan, and for the next ten years he
was employed most of the time in driving the
stage on the Tuttle Brothers' line from Detroit to
Chicago. Four and six horses were driven to
each coach, and besides carrying the mail a thriv-
ing business was done in the transportation of
passengers. The only competitor of this line was
that of Frink & Walker, and frequent races were
indulged in by the drivers of rival stages, who
were always ambitious to be the first to arrive at
each point with their loads of human freight.
Though there was an occasional breakdown or
capsizal, and more zeal than prudence was some-
time displayed by the drivers, everyone enjoyed

JOSEPH CALDWELL.

the sport. Mr. Caldwell was always fond of re-
lating reminiscences of those pioneer days.

Mr. Caldwell was subsequently employed in a
grain elevator at Michigan City, Indiana, and
drove a team about one year between Chicago
and Joliet, hauling supplies for contractors on the
Illinois and Michigan Canal. At one time his
buffalo robe was stolen by some of the workmen
on the canal, many of whom were desperate char-
acters. He searched about until he found it, con-
cealed under the bunk where they slept. Find-
ing themselves detected, they threatened to take
his life, but were restored to good humor by a
treat of liquor, and Mr. Caldwell was ever after
one of the most popular men on the road.

In 1844 he pre-empted a farm in Bloom Town-
ship, and the following year added to this by the
purchase of eighty acres from the Government at
one and one-fourth dollars per acre. He then
built a cabin and began cultivating his farm, to
which additions were made from time to time,
his present homestead being purchased in 1856.
He became the owner of more than half a section
in all, and lived thereon continuously until his
death, which occurred August 26, 1886, his age
at that time being more than seventy-two years.
He was a thrifty farmer and an earnest Christian.
Soon after locating in Bloom, he became one of
the prime movers in organizing a Presbyterian
Church at the present location of Chicago
Heights, and he served as an Elder of this so-
ciety for many years. Later he united with the
Presbyterian Church at Homewood, in which he
was an Elder the balance of his life.

On Christmas Day of the year 1844, Mr. Cald-
well was married to Miss Mary Jane, daughter of
Joseph Caldwell, one of the earliest settlers of
Bloom Township, who located there in 1838 and
purchased four hundred acres of land from the
United States Government. Mrs. Caldwell sur-
vives, at the age of seventy-four years, residing
on the homestead farm, a part of which has never
changed hands since pre-empted by her husband.
She was born at Belmalone, County Tyrone, Ire-
land, and came to America with her parents in
1826. The family lived at Lennoxville, Canada,
and continued to reside there until their removal to

Cook County, in 1838. While en route by way
of the Erie Canal, Mrs. Caldwell saw a train of
cars for the first time in her life. Her father
died in Bloom, April 29, 1860, aged seventy-
seven years. His wife, Dorothy (Jack), survived
until February 22, 1872, reaching the advanced
age of eighty-three years. The following is a
record of their offspring: James died November i,
1864. Rosanna, Mrs. John Little, born October
i, 1817, died March 2, 1883. Archibald, born
June 13, 1820, died November 18, 1892. Mary
J., Mrs. John Caldwell, was born Augusts, 1822.
Thomas, born September i, 1826, died June 16,
1881. Eliza, wife of William Caskey, born De-
cember 7, 1828, died February 21, 1854. Martha,
born October 15, 1829, is the widow of James Orr,
residing at Harvey, Illinois. Dorothy, born
June to, 1831, is the wife of James Brisbane, of
New Lenox, Illinois.

Mrs. Caldwell is quite active in mind and body,
and exhibits her remarkable memory of events
and dates. She often recalls the time when the
prairie surrounding her home was almost unin-
habited, and the groves which now dot the land-
scape consisted of mere shrubs. None of the
streams had been bridged when she came to this
county, and travelers were obliged to make long
detours to avoid those which were too deep to be
forded. She had been the mother of eleven chil-
dren, five of whom died in infancy. A record of
the others is as follows: Julia was born October 1 1 ,
1845; Joseph was born October 22, 1847; Maria,
Mrs. H. M. Goodell, residing at Titusville,
Florida, was born October 23, 1855; James was
born June 21, 1857; John, born October 10, 1859,
died June 28, 1878; Edward, born June 26, 1861,
is now in business in New York City.

Joseph Caldwell, whose name heads this article,
grew to manhood on his father's farm, which he
helped to cultivate and improve, attending the
public schools of the district in the intervals of
this labor. He spent two years at Lake Forest
University , and then returned to the farm. He was
married March 26, 1874, to Catherine R., daugh-
ter of Robert Wallace, of whom further mention
is made in this volume in the biography of E. A.
Wallace. Mrs. Caldwell was born in the town-

DR. j. MCLEAN.

ship in which she resides, and has presented her
husband with six children, namely: Clara Jane,
Anna Maria, Martha Janett, Mertie Lorena,
John and Jesse.

Soon after his marriage Mr. Caldwell took
charge of the farm of his father-in-law, which he
continued to operate until 1890, maintaining an
extensive dairy. In the last-named year two hun-
dred and forty-one acres of this land were sold to
the Chicago Heights Land Association, constitut-
ing the first ground subdivided by that corpora-
tion. Mr. Caldwell then purchased a general
merchandise store in the village, where he has

since been continuously engaged in trade. He is
a progressive, public- spirited and reliable citizen,
and has often been called upon to fill positions of
trust by his fellow-townsmen. He has been a
School Director for the past twelve years, and
School Treasurer of the township eight years.
He is Clerk of the Board of Education at the
present time, and was thirteen years Treasurer of
the Union Detective Association. He has been a
steadfast Republican, and from early life a mem-
ber of the Presbyterian Church, and was sixteen
years Secretary and Treasurer of the Union Sun-
day-school Association.

DR. J. McLEAN.

0R. JOHN McLEAN is the able surgeon em-
ployed by the Pullman Palace Car Com-
pany to attend any of its employes who may
be accidentally hurt while in pursuit of its duties.
He is also engaged in a general practice of medi-
cine and surgery at Pullman, and during his
residence of fifteen years in that beautiful suburb
has come to be regarded as one of the most ex-
emplary and useful citizens in the town. He is
remotely descended from the celebrated clan Mc-
Lean of Scotland, which includes among its poster-
ity many noted citizens of the United States.

John McLean, great-grandfather of the Doctor,
was born near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where
he grew to manhood and married. About 1750
he removed to Greensboro, North Carolina, and
built a house of cedar logs there, which is still
occupied by some of his descendants. One of his
sons, Joseph McLean, served in the Continental
army.

Robert McLean, another son of John McLean,
was born at Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina,
in 1763. He was a pioneer of Illinois, going to
Franklin County in 1818. He erected a log
house there, and returned to his native State,

whence he brought his family the next spring.
His wife was Jean Akin, a native of North Caro-
lina, of Scotch descent. Two of her brothers
were volunteers in the American army at the bat-
tle of Guilford Courthouse.

James Akin McLean, son of Robert and Jean
McLean, was born March 25, 1809, in Guilford
County, North Carolina. He became an ex-
tensive farmer and stockman of Franklin County,
Illinois. During the Black Hawk War he served
under Captain Ewing, in Colonel De Ment's regi-
ment, and took part in the engagement at Kel-
logg' s Grove. While on this expedition he visited
Fort Dearborn, where he met General Scott. J.
A. McLean's wife, Lydia Smith, was born near
Macon, Georgia, and was the daughter of James
Smith, a native of the same State, who became a
resident of Illinois in 1820. The Smith family
was of English ancestry.

Dr. John McLean, son of James Akin and
Lydia McLean, was born in Franklin County,
Illinois, October 7, 1837. His early life was
spent on a farm, working during the summer and
autumn, and attending school about three months
each winter. At the age of twenty he began the

F. B. MOORE, M. D., B. S.

study of medicine in the office of Dr. Francis
Ronalds, then residing in Benton, Illinois. Dur-
ing the winter of 1 860-61 he attended the St.
Louis Medical College.

In the following July he enlisted, and on the
loth of August he was mustered in the Fortieth
Regiment, Illinois Infantry. On the I4th of the
following November he was commissioned Second
Lieutenant of Company A of this regiment. He
was present at the capture of Paducah and took
part in the battle of Shiloh, where he received
a serious wound, April 6, 1862, necessitating
the amputation of his left foot. The regiment
was highly complimented by the commander,
General Sherman, for holding its ground under
the enemy's fire after its supply of cartridges was
exhausted.

September 23, 1862, he resigned his commis-
sion, but afterwards volunteered his services as a
surgeon to accompany an expedition sent by the
Sanitary Commission from Chicago. They pro-
ceeded by steamboat to Vicksburg and picked up
a load of sick and wounded soldiers, which they
brought up the river. He then entered Rush
Medical College at Chicago, from which he grad-

uated in 1863. In June of that year he located
at Duquoin, Illinois, where he practiced medi-
cine and surgery until October, 1881. At this
date he accepted the position of surgeon of the
Pullman Palace Car Company and removed to
his present residence.

Dr. McLean was married in 1870 to Eugenie
Paris, daughter of David and Elizabeth Paris, of
Bloomington, Illinois. They have one son, Guy
Marshall McLean, a practicing physician of La
Porte, Indiana.

The Doctor is associated with numerous fra-
ternal and benevolent organizations, as well as
professional societies, including the American
Medical Association, the Academy of Railroad
Surgeons, the Royal Arcanum, Independent Or-
der of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias; J. B.
Wyman Post, Grand Army of the Republic, and
Illinois Commandery of the Loyal Legion. A
life-long Republican, he takes little interest in
local political strife, but entertains well-defined
views of the leading political questions of the day.
A man of self-reliance and much force of char-
acter, he exerts a powerful and beneficent influ-
ence in the community.

FLOYD B. MOORE, M. D., B. S.

f~LOYD BROWN MOORE, M. D., B. S., fills
r3 a prominent position in the professional and
I f social circles of Pullman, Roseland and
other southern suburbs of Chicago. He was
born December 13, 1866, at Brockville, Canada,
and his parents, Abner Daniel and Betsey Jane
(Brown) Moore, were natives of the same locality.
Abner D. Moore is a son of Frederick Moore,
whose parents came from Ireland and settled in
Canada about the beginning of the present cent-
ury. Frederick Moore is still living on a farm
at Brockville, at the venerable age of eighty-four
years. Abner D. Moore has been a speculator in

grain and live stock nearly all his life. In 1867
he went to Portage, Wisconsin, and removed
thence, two years later, to Fort Dodge, Iowa. He
subsequently moved to Manson, in the same
State, and is now living, at the age of fifty-five
years, in Brockville, Canada. His wife, Betsey
J. Moore, died in Manson, Iowa, in 1889. Her
parents were natives of Canada, of English lineage.
Dr. F. B. Moore graduated from the High
School of Manson, Iowa, after which he entered
the Northern Indiana Normal School at Val-
paraiso, Indiana. After spending two years upon
the scientific course of that institution, he grad-

LOUIS OSWALD.

uated, in 1886, with the degree of Bachelor of
Science. He then entered the Chicago Medical
College (now Northwestern University Medical
School), and in April, 1889, received the degree
of Doctor of Medicine from that college.

He immediately entered upon the practice of
medicine at Pullman, where he has since re-
mained, with gratifying and pecuniary success.
In the spring of 1896 he built a modern brick
residence at Roseland, in which he maintains an
office, as well as at Pullman. He follows the
general practice of both medicine and surgery,
and has been enabled by his success to invest to
some extent in suburban real estate, which he
improves from time to time, and thus adds to the
general prosperity of the community.

Dr. Moore was married in November, 1891, to
Miss Mattie Alice Rolston, of Kensington, daugh-
ter of John M. Rolston, a well-known undertaker of
Chicago, now deceased. Dr. Moore is identified

with numerous social, fraternal and beneficial
orders, in most of which he fills the position of
examinimg surgeon. These include Prosperity
Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows;
Palace Lodge, Pullman Chapter and Calumet
Commandery, of the Masonic order; Calumet
Lodge, Knights of Pythias; Pullman Council,
National Union; Royal Council, Royal League;
Pullman Tribe of Ben Hur, and the South Side
Physicians' Club. He has been health officer
of the South Side district for several months, and
is now public vaccinator.

He is local examining physician for a number
of the leading life insurance companies of the
United States, and is a useful and influential citi-
zen, of whom any community might well be
proud. He amply merits the prosperity and
popularity which he enjoys. Politically he is
independent, putting the man above party, and
patriotism above politics.

LOUIS OSWALD

I GUIS OSWALD, one of the leading mer-
I C chants of the southern portion of the county,
\ J is a finely educated representative of a good
German family. He was born in one of the
beautiful villages which border the Rhine River,
namely, Saint Guarshausen, Province of Hesse-
Darmstadt, Nassau, March 7, 1836. His grand-
father, Henry Oswald, was a farmer, who owned
an estate in Westerfeld, Germany, and his father,
also named Henry, was for nearly fifty years
demanenrath of the Duke of Nassau, having
charge of the extensive estates of that nobleman.
He was but three years younger than the present
century, and died in June, 1879, at the age of
seventy-six years. His wife, Carolina Zink, died
in April, 1847, at the age of forty- six years. She
was the daughter of Rev. William Zink, a min-

ister of the Evangelical Church, for many years
pastor at Homburg for der Hoche.

Louis Oswald attended the gymnasium at
Wiesbaden, studying pharmacy and chemistry,
and graduating in these branches at the early age
of seventeen years. Immediately after this he
came to America, and remained several months in
New York City, where he found employment in
a drug store. In April, 1854, he came to Chicago,
and entered the drug store of Dr. Philip Mathie,
on State Street, between Adams and Monroe.
This store was then on the outskirts of the city,
and Mr. Oswald boarded in a house on the pres-
ent site of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific
station. The cholera raged through the first
season of his residence here, and the young emi-
grant had ample opportunity to observe its effects.

G. VAN DER SYDE.

The drug store in which he was employed was in
a hotel building, in which more than forty people
died of this terrible scourge during the season.

In 1856 Mr. Oswald went to Homewood, and
accepted a position in a general store kept by
Herbert & Zimmer, with whom he remained
eighteen months. He then entered a branch store
there, operated by Charles Robinson, of Blue Is-
land, which was later conducted by Robinson,
Hastings & Company. In 1859 he removed to
Bloom (now Chicago Heights), which village
then contained two stores, a blacksmith shop,
wagon shop and paint shop.

After working as a clerk one year in the gen-
eral merchandise store of James Hunter, he be-
came a partner in the firm of S. B. Eakin & Com-
pany, which conducted a similar establishment.
In 1865 he bought out the interest of Mr. Eakin,
and has ever since conducted the business alone.
He was Postmaster from 1865 to 1893, a period
of twenty-eight years, and in 1876 his original
store building was greatly enlarged. For many
years he bought and shipped grain from this
station, which was originally established by the
Michigan Central Railroad Company, on account
of his business.

Mr. Oswald was married May 2, 1861, to Miss
Mary, daughter of Jacob and Barbara (Sauter)
Claus. Jacob Claus, who was an engineer, lost
his life by drowning in the Chicago Harbor. Bar-
bara Sauter came in 1832 (then a young girl) to
Chicago, in company with the family of John H.
Kinzie, on the first steamer which landed here.
Mrs. Oswald was born in Michigan City, Indiana,
and died December 6, 1888, aged forty years.
Five of her seven children are living, the others
having died in childhood. Dr. Julius W. Oswald,
the eldest, is a surgeon in the Alexian Brothers'
Hospital in Chicago. Otto A. is a clerk in his
father's store. Frederick C. is a student in the
Chicago Art Institute, and Cora B. and Florence
B. remain with their father. Mr. Oswald has
just reason to be proud of his children (all of
whom are finely educated) and of his business
record. He was a member of the Evangelical
Church in youth, but is not now connected with
any society. He cast his first Presidential vote
for Gen. John C. Fremont, and has voted for
every Presidential candidate since. He was Col-
lector of Bloom Township in 1863, and takes a
warm interest in public schools, serving for many
years as School Trustee and Director of his district.

GORIS VAN DER SYDE.

SORIS VAN DER SYDE is one of the earliest
settlers at Roseland, and has been largely
instrumental in promoting the growth and
development of that thriving suburb. His par-
ents were Leonard and Line (Steanberg) Van
derSyde, who, with their family, joined the party
which originally settled at this place in 1849.
The father, who had been a butcher in the Fa-
therland, became the owner of ten acres of land
on the west side of what is now Michigan Ave-

nue. He carried on the business of a market-
gardener until the growth of the town necessitated
the subdivision of his land for building purposes.
Some of the principal residences and business
blocks of the village now stand upon this site.
His death occurred October 8, 1875, at the age of
seventy-two years. His wife, who was born in
the same year as her husband, survived until
February 24, 1877. Their children are Goris,
subject proper of this notice; Line, widow of

G. VAN DER SYDE.

Peter Dalenberg, of Roseland; Agnes, Mrs. John
Ton, of the same place; and Nellie, Mrs. John
Prince, now deceased.

Goris Van der Syde was born at Numansdorp,
Province of South Holland, December 13, 1827.
He was educated in his native town, and after
coming to this country attended an English
school one winter. He has always been an ex-
tensive reader, and speaks and writes the English
language accurately. When the family located
here, deer, wolves and other wild game roamed
over the. prairie about their home. Having been
reared in a thickly populated country, the young-
er members of the family were at first afraid to
wander far from the house, but soon became ac-
customed to their new surroundings. He engaged
in the meat business at first, but a few years later,
in 1852, opened the first store in the town, and
continued in mercantile business until 1880, when
he retired from active pursuits, being succeeded
by his son, who now conducts one of the leading
stores in Roseland. For several years after Mr.
Van der Syde came here there were but two
houses on Halsted Street between his place and
Twelfth Street, that being the road which he
usually traveled with his ox-team to bring his
goods from the city. At first their postoffice
was at Chicago, but after the Illinois Central
Railroad was built to Kensington an office was
established at that place, known as Calumet
Junction. In 1861 this office was removed to
Roseland, and named Hope, that name being aft-
erwards changed to Roseland. Mr. Van der Syde
was appointed the first Postmaster at this place,
and held the office continuously for twenty-five
years, through successive changes in the national
administration.

Realizing that there was a great future for in-
vestors in real estate, about 1860 Mr. Van derSyde
bought eighty acres, in company with his brother-
in-law, Mr. Dalenberg, the price of the tract be-
ing eleven hundred dollars. This they afterwards
divided, each taking forty acres. Soon after pur-
chasing land here, Mr. Van der Syde planted a
great many shade trees, finding recreation from
his indoor pursuits in this manner. These shade
trees are now the pride and ornament of the town,

and have greatly enhanced the value of his prop-
erty. Mr. Van der Syde subsequently sold thirty-
three acres of his property for $66,000, and the
whole has been subdivided and mostly built up
with residences and business blocks, all being
now included in the city of Chicago. He has in-
vested quite extensively in farming lands in New-
ton County, Indiana, where he devotes consider-
able attention to planting vineyards and the culti-
vation of various kinds of fruits. He helped to
organize the Pullman Loan and Savings Bank,
and was one of the first Directors of this flourish-
ing and solid institution, an office which he still
holds.

In December, 1856, Mr. Van der Syde was mar-
ried to Engeltje De Young, daughter of Henry
and Geertje (DeVreis) De Young, of South Hol-
land, Cook County, Illinois. Her father died in
1893, aged nearly ninety years, and her mother
in 1878, at the age of nearly eighty years. Mrs.
Van der Syde was born in Puersen, South Hol-
land, and came to America with her parents in
1848. Of the six children of Mr. and Mrs. Van
der Syde who reached mature years, three are now
living: Leonard, a prominent merchant of Rose-
land; Henry, who is a farmer of Newton County,
Indiana, and George, who is still at home with his
parents. Those deceased are Mary, Harry and
Nellie, the last named being the wife of George
McCutcheon.

Mr. and Mrs. Van der Syde are connected with
the Dutch Reformed Church at Roseland. A
Republican in politics, the former served as Col-
lector of Calumet Township for two terms, and
was for one term Town Clerk. When he occupied
the former position the whole tax-roll of the
township, which then included South Chicago,
was contained in a small volume which he car-
ried in a hand satchel. His duties as one of the
township officials during the great Civil War re-
quired him to assist in the expenditure of the
bounty raised by the township to induce volun-
teers to enter the service and fill its quota of
troops. His public duties have always been dis-
charged in a faithful and capable manner, and he
enjoys the friendship and good-will of all his fel-
low-citizens.

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

ALBERT J. LAMMORIS

A. J. LAMMORIS.

ALBERT J. LAMMORIS.

G| LBERT JACOB LAMMORIS, whose career
LJ strikingly illustrates the truth of the modem
/ I saying that "Nothing succeeds like suc-
cess," was one of the self-made men of our times.
He belonged to a class of young men who,
though poor, find in metropolitan life the in-
centives which superinduce the highest and best
efforts of which men are capable; to master the
disadvantages that are supposed to hinder their
progress when opposed by rich and powerful
rivals. The indomitable energy which char-
acterized Mr. Lammoris was of a sort not to be
balked by the inconveniences of poverty, and
his career was a model one, in every way worthy
of emulation.

Although of foreign birth, he became, when
yet a boy, thoroughly imbued with American
ideas, and throughout his life he was actuated
by that spirit of "push" which is distinctively
characteristic of Americans. He was born in
Gripskerk, one of the seven provinces of Gron-
ingen, Holland, April 25, 1858, a son of Jacob and
Johanna (De Vries) Lammoris, who came to
America in 1864 and settled in Grand Haven,
Michigan. Two years later they came to Chi-
cago, young Albert being then eight years old.
His parents were too poor to furnish him the
essentials necessary to attendance on the public
schools. As a boy he was naturally bright and
active, having the faculty of adaptation, and
could apply himself vigorously to the accomplish-
ment of a purpose. But he lacked opportunities,

and it was his misfortune to be deprived of the
wholesome influence of home training.

At the age of fourteen years he was admitted
to the Industrial Home for Boys at Lansing,
Michigan, where he remained one year. The
influence of this institution was of the greatest
benefit to him, and there he laid the foundation
for a career which, though brief, has been
paralleled in but few instances. In 1872 he re-
turned to Chicago, being then less than fifteen
years of age, practically without a home and des-
titute of means. However, he was not dis-
couraged by these disadvantages, but resolutely
set about overcoming them, and for several years
was variously employed. He had a natural
aptitude for mechanics, and, acquiring a few
tools, he established himself in the chair-repair-
ing business. This he followed a few years,
achieving sufficient success to enable him, with
his scanty savings, to open a small furniture store,
on the West Side, in 1881. In this venture he
prospered, each year adding to the success
which had begun to brighten his life.

His circumstances warranting so important
and necessary a step, April 13, 1882, he was
united in marriage with Miss Mary L. Sherman,
a young lady of talent and pleasing culture.
Subsequently he opened another store in the same
line of business, and successfully conducted both
establishments until 1893, when he disposed of
them. He had ample means now, and what,
perhaps, is still better, an invaluable practical ex-

6 4

A. J. LAMMORIS.

perience, which enabled him to execute a long
cherished plan that of establishing cheap lodg-
ing houses for the unfortunate poor of Chicago.
His own early privations and battles with poverty
had given him an insight into the needs of the
poor, and to the betterment of their condition
he now proposed to devote his time, talents and
means.

His plan was to furnish lodgings at the lowest
price consistent with cleanliness, the minimum
rates to be fifteen to twenty-five cents per day.
The "Liberty House" was the first of the kind he
erected, and it proved so successful that he im-
mediately secured a large building on Clinton
Street, now known as the "Friendship House,"
which he fitted up according to plans of his own.
It is a mammoth house, having seven hundred
twenty-five rooms, with baths, laundry, fire
escapes, in short, modernly equipped throughout.
From its opening the "Friendship" had a large
patronage, and it continued to be deservedly
popular. Subsequently Mr. Lammoris became
connected with the "Arcade" and "Norwood,"
both houses similar in character but smaller. To
the conduct of these hostelries he gave his per-
sonal attention, it being to him as much a labor
of love as of profit. It was his custom to give a
dinner to the poor every Thanksgiving Day,
feeding on some occasions eighteen hundred
homeless men, at a cost of more than one thou-
sand dollars. To the general relief fund of the
charitable societies he was a regular and gener-
ous contributor, and his donations to the boys of
the Industrial Home were made semi-annually
on July, fourth and at Christmas. To this in-
stitution he was affectionately attached, always
speaking of it as "my home," and yearly he
visited it.

In all his charitable works he was unostenta-
tious, always giving freely of his means and in a
way to attract as little attention as possible. Be-
cause of his philanthropical works he was often
spoken of in the public prints as "The best friend
the homeless poor of Chicago ever had . " In all
his habits Mr. Lammoris was decidedly tem-
perate. Excesses of any kind were abhorrent to
him, yet neither was he a purist of the extreme

type. He knew the weaknesses of human nature,
was always humanely human and his great,
sympathetic heart went out in brotherly feel-
ing to those unfortunates who had become
slaves to the vices of appetite and passion.

He was fond of travel, and in company with
his wife, made five trips abroad, visiting the
Paris and Vienna expositions, as well as nearly
all the historic places of continental Europe and
Great Britain . But it was in the public institutions
for the poor and unfortunate of foreign lands that
his greatest interest centered. As many of these
as he could reach received his carefel scrutiny,
that he might thereby be profited by this obser-
vation when he came to develop certain plans
which he had under deliberation pertaining to
philanthropic work which he hoped to carry out
in the future.

Mr. Lammoris was a domestic man in the
broadest sense of the term. To his family he
was devoted. The noble impulses of the man
are illustrated by the following incident: On
his way home one night, he observed a little girl,
about seven years old, on the street, alone and
crying. She could give no intelligent account of
herself. Pressing the waif to his bosom, he car-
ried her to his home, and subsequently legally
adopted her, giving her the name of Mabel S.

He was an active participant in political affairs,
in principle a Republican, but in no sense was he
an office-seeker, the preferment of official place
having no allurements for him. His death was
both untimely and unexpected. From his youth
he had been blessed with good health. For some
months previous to his demise he had labored be-
yond the point of human endurance, and being
subjected to exposure as well, he took cold,
which terminated in pneumonia, and after five
days of suffering he passed to his reward April
2, 1895.

John Sherman, father of Mrs. Lammoris, was
born in England, where the years of his boy-
hood were passed. His opportunities for ob-
taining an education were of the best. His par-
ents desired that he should enter the ministry,
and to that end he was prepared in that old and
famously historic seat of learning, Trinity Col-

CAPT. BARTHOLOMEW QUIRK.

lege, Dublin. But the life of a clergyman was
not to his liking, and in consequence thereof he
ran away from home and came to America, land-
ing in New York a short time previous to the
outbreak of the Mexican War. At the first call
for troops he enlisted and was assigned to duty
in the marine service and actively participated
in the movements of that department during the
war. He received several wounds in action,
none of which was of a disabling character.

In New York City, in 1853, he was married to
Miss Louisa Philips. In 1865 he came to Chi-

cago, where he lived permanently until his death,
which occurred March 7, 1890, at the age of
seventy-one years. Many years of his life were
devoted to travel, and he visited most parts of
the inhabited, civilized globe. He possessed a
genial, sunny nature, which made him a great
socral favorite, and he was deservedly popular
with those who justly appreciate refinement and
courtly grace. Mrs. Sherman is a descendant of
an old New York family, a lady of many pleas-
ing qualities. She resides with Mrs. Lammoris,
her only surviving child.

CAPT. BARTHOLOMEW QUIRK.

EAPT. BARTHOLOMEW QUIRK was
born in March, 1836, in Castle Gregory,
County Kerry, Ireland. His ancestors were
tillers of the soil. His parents, Francis and Ellen
(Lynch) Quirk, were natives of the same town
where he was born a beautiful site overlooking
the Bay of Tralee and the Atlantic Ocean. Fur-
ther mention of his ancestors will be found in the
biography of James Quirk, in this work.

The subject of this sketch received his educa-
tion in Chicago, pursuing the primary course in
the first public school of the city the old Dear-
born School. He served an apprenticeship at the
trade of carpenter, which occupied his time and
attention for many years. With all of his broth-
ers he served in the Volunteer Fire Department
of early Chicago, and was a member of Red
Jacket Company No. 4. He was one of the
organizers of the Shields Guards, named after
General and United States Senator Shields,
of Mexican War fame. About ninety-five per
cent, of this organization, of which Captain Quirk
was one of the most active promoters, entered the
Union army and did valiant service in preserving
the country as a whole, being a part of the Twen-

ty-third Regiment Illinois Volunteers, under the
famous Col. J. A. Mulligan. Although the
quota of the State had been filled, by the personal
solicitation of Colonel Mulligan, President Lincoln
was induced to accept the services of the regiment,
whose memory has been perpetuated in the one
famous song, ' ' The Mulligan Guards. ' '

In the mean time it had proceeded to Missouri
and participated as an independent organization
in the Battle of Lexington, where most of the
regiment was captured by General Price. They
were exchanged in the winter of 1861-62, and the
regiment was reorganized and proceeded to Har-
per's Ferry, in May, 1862, and joined the cavalry
forces of General Sheridan, with whom they par-
ticipated in many active engagements. Colonel
Mulligan was killed near Winchester, Virginia.
The regiment subsequently campaigned through-
out the war under different commanders and
became very much reduced in numbers, so that
several of the companies were consolidated.

Captain Quirk entered the service as a second
lieutenant, and resigned in February, 1865, hav-
ing served over three years. After the war he
returned to Chicago and continued building

CHRISTOPHER REICH.

operations, in connection with which he invested
in real estate and improved property, and was
quite successful. His first presidential vote was
cast for Abraham Lincoln, and he has ever since
been a warm adherent of the Republican party.
He took a great interest in the struggles of Ire-
land against British oppression, and was one of
the warmest supporters of the Fenian movement.

Captain Quirk served as a member of the City
Council two terms, and was several years a dep-
uty sheriff of Cook County. With his wife and
family he adheres to the Roman Catholic Church.
In 1857 he was married to Miss Jane McCarthy,
and they have three children: Mary E., Helena
J. and Francis I. The second daughter is the
wife of Lawrence J. Reed, of Chicago.

CHRISTOPHER REICH.

CHRISTOPHER REICH, now living a re-
1 1 tired life in Ravenswood, is a native of
\J Chicago, where his parents, Michael and
Mary Ann (Tillman) Reich, were early settlers.
Michael Reich was born in 1813, in Lorraine,
France, and received his education in his native
place, remaining with his parents until he was
of age, and assisting his father, who was a dealer
in tobacco. He served the term then required in
the French army, which was seven years. About
1840 he emigrated to the United States, sailing
from Havre and landing at New York. He
came directly to Chicago, but soon removed to
Saginaw, Michigan, where he found employment
in a saw-mill, and received his remuneration in
the product of the same. He remained two
years, then sent for his wife and two children,
and located in Chicago, living for a short time on
Harrison Street, and then on State Street. He
bought twenty-seven acres of land on the South
Side, and ten acres on the North Side, and en-
gaged in gardening. He cultivated this land for
several years, and was very successful in this
venture. He was married in his native country,
and his two eldest sons were born there, four
others being born in Chicago.

His children were: Michael, who was drowned
in Lake Michigan, while on the pleasure boat
"Lady Elgin;" Mary and Jacob, deceased; Chris-

topher, the subject of this notice; Caroline, wife
of Peter Franzen, of Englewood; and Peter, of
Lake Station, Indiana. In 1857 the family re-
turned to France, with the exception of the two
eldest sons. Mr. Reich had sold part of his prop-
erty in Chicago, but in 1860 he returned to that
city and resumed gardening. He again visited
France in 1865, to look after some property he
had purchased during his former visit, and he
remained two years, after which he again re-
turned to Chicago, and engaged in gardening.
He was always thrifty in the management of his
affairs, and accumulated a competence. He took
an interest in public concerns, but never held an
office, and supported the Democratic party. He
and his wife were members of the Roman Catholic
Church. Mrs. Reich died October 28, 1889, and
Mr. Reich passed away January i, 1893.

Christopher Reich was born March 13, 1844,
receiving his primary education in the public
schools of Chicago, and later attending school two
years in France. He remained with his parents
until he grew to manhood, assisting his father in
the care of his garden until he was twenty-two
years of age. When his parents went to France
the second time, he and his brother Peter re-
moved to Calumet, where they bought twenty-
five acres of land, which they cultivated. The
health of Christopher failed, and he sold his

HENRY KARNATZ.

share of land to his brother, and traveled in
Europe, learning the art of photography while
there.

January 3, 1867, he married Miss Mary A.
Kerber, a native of Chicago, and a daughter of
John and Floradiue Kerber. Her parents were
natives of Baden-Baden, Germany, and were
early settlers of Chicago. In 1868 Mr. Reich
opened a dry-goods store on the corner of Larra-
bee and Center Streets, which he conducted
successfully until he lost his stock and building
in the Great Fire of 1871. He rebuilt, and again
engaged in business, which he continued until
1875, when he removed to Dyer, Lake County,
Indiana, and kept a general store two years.
He then removed to Crown Point, where he en-
gaged in the same business, and five years later
he returned to Chicago, and opened a store on
Larrabee Street, opposite Wisconsin Street, which
he conducted two years. He removed to Engle-
wood, where he was proprietor of a store two
years, and then retired from business on account
of the death of his wife, which occurred April 12,
1891.

Mr. Reich spent a year in Milwaukee, to rest
and regain his health, which was then poor.
Mr. and Mrs. Reich were the parents of ten
children, only five of whom are now living. Their

names are: John C., Margaret, Christopher, Jo-
sephine and Edward. In August, 1895, Mr.
Reich married Miss Catherine Leis, a native of
Chicago, and daughter of Jacob Leis. In politics,
Mr. Reich favors the Democratic party. He and
his wife are communicants of the Roman Catho-
lic Church, being identified with the parish of
Our Lady of Lourdes. Mr. Reich is an honored
and respected citizen of Ravenswood, and takes
an active interest in the welfare of that suburb,
and also of his native city.

Michael Reich, the eldest son of Michael
Reich, was born in 1834, in Lorraine, France,
and came to Chicago with the family in 1842.
He followed gardening all his life. In 1860 he
married, and about three months later he was
prevailed upon by friends to go on an excursion
to Milwaukee. This was on the fatal eighth day
of September, 1860, when the pleasure steamer,
"Lady Elgin," collided with another boat, off
Gross Point, and nearly all the passengers were
lost. Mr. Reich was among those who perished.
He was a man who took quite an interest .in
public affairs, and was for some years a member
of the Volunteer Fire Department of the city,
being a member of Company No. 7 when first
organized, and later of No. 10. He was well
known and highly respected.

HENRY KARNATZ.

HENRY KARNATZ was born December 13,
1 86 1, in Mecklenburg-Schvverin, and is a
son of Joachim and Mary (Deitlow) Karnatz,
both of whom were born in the same locality.
His father was a laborer, and in 1867 he moved
to America with his family, starting from Ham-
burg, and coining to Chicago by way of New

York. In April, 1868, he came to Jefferson and
rented forty-one and one-half acres, where he
carried on gardening. The land is near what is
now Forest Glen, and in 1877 he was able to buy
it for six thousand dollars. It then contained
but a few buildings, and he subsequently added
good ones. Later, he bought thirteen and three-

E. S. OSGOOD.

fourths acres. He had six children, three of
whom died in Germany. The remaining three
are: John, who resides on the home farm and
owns a blacksmith shop near Bowmanville;
Charles, who resides on a part of his father's
farm; and Henry, the subject of this sketch.
Joachim Karnatz died June 8, 1897, after an ill-
ness of only two days, at the age of seventy-seven
years, nine months and thirteen days. His wife
survives him, having reached the age of seventy-
fonr years. Both were members of the Evangel-
ical Lutheran Church, being connected with Saint
John's Church of Mayfair.

Henry Karnatz attended the public school, and
also the Lutheran School of Niles, then called
Dutchman's Point. He left school at the age of
thirteen years. He has since worked with his

father on the farm, and at present he manages
the part of it connected with the old home. He
learned the painter's trade, and has a shop, where
he does work for his brother, and sometimes for
others.

March 19, 1888, Henry Karnatz married
Amelia Sell, who was born in Pomerania, and is
a daughter of Charles and Minnie (Schroeder)
Sell. Charles Sell died in 1897, in Leyden
Township, where his widow still lives. Mr. and
Mrs. Karnatz have four children, namely: Min-
nie, Henry, John and Annie. Mr. Karnatz is a
member of the same church as his parents, name-
ly the Evangelical Lutheran. He is of the same
political principle as his father, and supports the
Republican party. He is a public-spirited and
intelligent citizen, and enjoys the respect of all.

EDWIN S. OSGOOD.

|"~ DWIN SEW ALL OSGOOD, a well-known
JO citizen of Austin, was boni November 21,
I 1842, in Moulmein, in the British East
Indies. He is the son of Rev. Sewall Mason and
Sarah Maria (Willsey) Osgood. The Osgoods
are an old English family, three of whom came to
America in 1635, and settled in Massachusetts.
They were William, Christopher and John, and
from Christopher is descended the subject of this
sketch. Emery Osgood, the father of Rev. Sewall
M. Osgood, was a Baptist clergyman, whose field
of labor was in western New York. Sewall M.
Osgood was born in New York and there learned
the printer's trade. He conducted a local news-
paper at Jefferson, New York, a number of years.
In 1836 he went to the East Indies, in connec-
tion with the American Baptist Missionary Union,
and he printed the first bible ever printed in the
Burmese language. While he was there he was
ordained a minister, and he continued in the

missionary work until his death, in Chicago, in
1875, at the age of sixty-eight years. His wife,
Sarah M. Osgood, was born in Tioga County,
New York, and was of Dutch descent. She died
in 1849, at about forty years of age.

Edwin S. Osgood was four years old when his
parents returned to the United States from India.
He was educated in the common schools and in a
high school in Philadelphia. In 1860 he came
to Chicago, and soon after August 29, 1862
he enlisted in the Chicago Mercantile Battery, and
served to the close of the war. He took part
in the Vicksburg campaign, and was later in
Louisiana, Texas, and Mobile, Alabama. He
participated in Banks' Red River expedition, after
which he was detailed in the paymaster's depart-
ment, and he served in that capacity until the
close of the war.

After the war he returned to Chicago and en-
gaged in business with a building contractor, and

JOHN VAN NATTA.

later he was employed as solicitor and bookkeeper
for the Terra Cotta Company. After this he
was with H. C. & C. Durand, wholesale grocers.
In 1880 he engaged' in the manufacturing busi-
ness for himself, and since 1893 has been in the
business of engraving and electrotj ping. He is
now a member of the firm of Osgood & Company,
engravers, the firm comprising Mr. Osgood and
his son, Frederick S. Osgood.

In 1868 Mr. Osgood was united in marriage
with Elizabeth A., daughter of Timothy M. and
Elizabeth (Covington) Bryan, of Philadelphia.
Timothy Matlack Bryan was a grandson of
Timothy Matlack, a soldier Quaker, whose picture
hangs in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, in
memory of his services to the country during the
Revolution. Mr. and Mrs. E. S. Osgood have
five children living, namely: Helen, Mrs. Henry
Husted, of Austin; William P., a student in the
Chicago University ; Frederick S., of the firm of

Osgood & Company; Edwin H. and Elizabeth
M. All the members of the family are con-
nected with the Baptist Church of Austin, which
village has been their home since 1871. The
family furnished four of the thirteen constituent
members of the First Baptist Society, and Mr.
Osgood has since been an officer of the church,
being at present superintendent of its Sunday-
school.

Mr. Osgood is a member of Kilpatrick Post,
Grand Army of the Republic, at Austin. He
has always been a Republican in his political
views. He was two years a member of the Board
of Trustees of the town of Cicero, and three
years one of the school trustees. He is con-
nected with all reforms in Austin, and interested
in improvements, and though his business is in
the city, his interest is chiefly in his home, and
he is a valuable member of society in his com-
munity.

JOHN VAN NATTA.

(lOHN VAN NATTA was one of the worthy
I pioneers of Cook County, and numbered
Q) among his friends most of the early settlers
of northeastern Illinois. He was born in Dutch-
ess County, New York, February 25, 1796, and
was the son of James Van Natta, both of the lat-
ter 's parents being natives of Holland. John
Van Natta lived at several different points in
New York, part of the time in Geneseoand Steu-
ben Counties, and part of the time in Chautauqua
County, where he was married. In 1832 he re-
moved to Cass County, Michigan, and settled at
Adamsville. As everyone in that region, includ-
ing his own family, was suffering from fever and
ague, he determined to seek a more salubrious
climate, and accordingly, soon after the Black-
hawk War, he took a trip to Illinois, and was so

well suited with the country that, in 1834, he re-
moved his family to this State, coming with a
team and wagon. He landed in Chicago June
15, and stopped a few days at the Sauganash
hotel, but decided to make his home on higher
ground further west, so he continued his journey
to Naperville. He made his home for a few years
at Big Woods, in DuPage Count}'. As he pos-
sessed one of the few horse teams in the county,
he found it profitable to spend considerable of his
time in freighting goods from Chicago and De-
troit. He was employed by many of the emi-
grants who arrived in Chicago during the next
few years, to transport their families and effects
to points in the interior of the State, and many of
the acquaintances formed in this manner were
continued through life.

P. J. MAGINNIS.

Later he moved to Kane County, and in 1841
he located on the western bank of the Des Plaines
River, where he lived many years, and owned two
hundred acres of timber and prairie land, situated
on both sides of the river.

His later years were spent in Chicago, where
he lived some time in retirement from business
cares. He was always distinguished for his gen-
erosity to those of his neighbors who might be in
want or trouble, and many a settler who arrived
upon the prairies of Illinois a few years later than
he did was supplied with seed and provisions,
free of charge, by Mr. Van Natta.

In 1821 he was married to Miss Polly Farns-
worth, in Chautauqua County, New York. She
was a native of Vermont, born in 1803. They
had six sons and two daughters, namely: Ira, de-
ceased; Harvey, of Trenton, Missouri; William,
of McHenry County, Illinois; Mary, now Mrs.

Lovett; Henry, of Littleton, Colorado; Maria L.,
who married George Hatchings, and died in
Cedar Rapids, Iowa; Charles, of this city; and
James, a resident of Cragiri, Cook County. Mrs.
Polly Van Natta died in Leyden Township, Cook
County, Illinois, September 12, 1851. She wasa
devout member of the Baptist Church. Later Mr.
Van Natta was married to Mrs. Sarah (Davidson)
Fish, whose death occurred in Chicago a few
years previous to that of Mr. Van Natta.

In early life the latter was identified with the
Baptist Church, but after his second marriage he
united with the Methodist Church. He was al-
ways distinguished for his uniform uprightness of
character and his social, kindly disposition, which
will cause him to belong remembered by all who
knew him. He died near Berryville, McHenry
County, Illinois, in June, 1885, in the ninetieth
year of his age.

PATRICK J. MAGINNIS.

f"\ATRICK JOHN MAGINNIS, a self-made
LX business man of Chicago and a valiant soldier
[$ of the Civil War, was a native of Ireland,
born March 6, 1842, in the town of Newry.
His father, John Maginnis, who was a stone
mason, came to America when the son was an
infant. He found employment at first on Staten
Island, New York, whence he proceeded to Chi-
cago and finally engaged in the grocery business
here. When Patrick was about eight years old
he was brought to Chicago by his mother, who
soon after died of cholera.

The subject of this sketch was early left largely
to his own resources, and rapidly developed in-
dependence of character. He was largely self-
educated, and worked his own way to success in
life by the exercise of industry, guided by his
natural talents and prudence. He acted as clerk

in his father's store until the beginning of the
Civil War, when he immediately offered his serv-
ices in behalf of his adopted country. He was
then only nineteen years old, and was twice re-
jected on account of his youth, but was finally
accepted, June 15, 1861, as a member of the sub-
sequently famed Mulligan Guards. This com-
pany was mustered into the service as Company
I, Twenty- third. Regiment Illinois Volunteers.
It was a fighting company and saw hard service,
in which Mr. Maginnis bore his full share. He
was discharged because of sickness at Lexington,
Missouri, having risen to the rank of sergeant.

After the war he went to Ireland to aid in the
Fenian movement in the cause of Irish freedom.
He was almost immediately seized by the British
authorities, and spent eight months in an Irish
jail. He was released near the close of the year

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

DR. A. R. SOMMERVILLE

A. R. SOMMERVILLE, M. D.

1865, and returned to Chicago, bringing with
him his only sister, Mary Maginnis, who became
the wife of Thomas Boyle, Mr. Maginnis' sub-
sequent partner in business. She died in Chi-
cago March 17, 1891. For a time Mr. Maginnis
was employed in a cooperage establishment, and
then engaged in the grocery business. He met
with success, and finally established himself in
the ice business after the Great Fire of 1871. At
first he was a member of the firm of Maginnis &
Boyle; subsequently the enterprise passed into the
hands of an incorporated company, known as the
Lincoln Ice Company, which still continues, in
which Mr. Maginnis held a controlling interest,
and of which he was president at the time of his
death, September 6, 1893.

October 20, 1874, Mr. Maginnis married Miss

Nellie, daughter of Thomas and Mary (Welsh)
Whitty, natives of Ireland. The parents died
in that country, and Mrs. Maginnis came to
America in 1865. She was thirteen years old
when, in company with her brother, Nicholas,
aged twenty years, she came to America. She
is a lady of much business acumen, and has taken
her husband's place in the management of af-
fairs with great success. The establishment is
conducted on a large scale, and now employs
eighty teams and nearly two hundred men. The
children of Mr. and Mrs. Maginnis, who are re-
ceiving the advantages of the best educational
and social connections, are named in order of
birth: Mary A., John F., Thomas B., Edward
A., Charles P., Helen, Robert E. and George
Washington.

AGNES R. SOMMERVILLE, M. D.

Gl GNES ROBENA SOMMERVILLE, M. D.,
L_l a prominent physician of Chicago, was born
| I July 12, 1842, in Troy, New York, and is a
daughter of John and Jessie (Armstrong) Som--
merville. Her father died in 1896, at the age of
eighty-five years, and her mother is also deceased.
They were the parents of twelve children, six
daughters and the same number of sons.

Agnes R. Som merville received her early edu-
cation in her native town, and graduated from
the Willard Seminary, one of the best schools of
Eastern New York. In 1869 she was afflicted by
a very severe attack of muscular rheumatism,
and after having tried a great variety of medi-
cines and treatments, finally decided to try the
electrical cure. The science was then in its
infancy, but has since advanced to a well-recog-
nized place in the healing of diseases. She re-

ceived the electric bath treatment, which com-
pletely cured her. She was so grateful to the
science for its benefits to her that she began the
study of it at once, and has won great success
with the "new dry bath" cure. Dr. Sommerville
stands at the head of her profession, and is the
only lady in Chicago who is a graduate of elec-
tric therapeutics.

In 1859 Miss Sommerville came to the city of
Chicago to visit some friends, and while here,
she met John Sommerville, whom she married in
1860, and has ever since resided in the great
metropolis. She is the mother of two daughters,
both of whom are married. They are: Effie, Mrs.
John Clark Aubrey, and Jessie, Mrs. William
Donely.

Dr. A. R. Sommerville has not only followed
the teachings of others, but has also made inde-

T. G. SPRINGER.

pendent research iu her profession. She is the
patentee of several electrical instruments, which
have proved a boon to the students of electricity
as applied to the cure of disease. She enjoys a

of offices located in McVicker's Theater Building,
on Madison Street. Combined with her great
business ability, and her love for her profession,
she has a truly womanly character, and is honored

large and lucrative practice, and occupies a suite and esteemed by all who know her.

THEODORE G. SPRINGER.

'HEODORE GREEN SPRINGER. Among

the truly representative men in the great
metropolis of the Great West are many
whose reputations have passed beyond the con-
fines of the American continent, and whose names
are also enrolled in the scientific annals of the
European continent for giving the world new
ideas in science, which have given to humanity
greater comfort, thus benefiting the human race
at large. Among those names should be men-
tioned the subject of this sketch, whose unselfish
life and devotion to science entitle him to a place
in this volume.

He was born February i, 1832, in Bellevernon,
Fayette County, Pennsylvania, and is a de-
scendant of a family distinguished in Europe.
His great-grandfather, Michael Springer, born in
Stockholm, in 1727, when a young man entered the
service of King George of England and fought
under the banner of his royal master. As a re-
ward for services rendered, he received a grant of
land in the American colonies, consisting of a
tract of land two days' journey north and east of
Fort Duquesne, now Pittsburg. The land com-
prised five hundred fifty-seven acres, and was situ-
ated in what is now Westmoreland Count}'. A
part of the original homestead is still in the pos-
session of the descendants of the family. Benjamin
Franklin's name appears on the parchment which
conveyed the land to Michael Springer. He im-
proved the land and reared a large family. His
son James was born in Westmoreland, and be-

,eame a thrifty manager of the patrimonial estate.
He was a pioneer in developing the coal mines of
southwestern Pennsylvania, and shipped its prod-
uct by flatboats down the Monongahela River to
Pittsburg. He was a sturdy Democrat in political
matters and affiliated with the Baptist Church,
but later his descendants became members of the
Christian Church. He died at the age of seventy-
six years. His wife, Sally Smith, was a native of
Westmoreland County, and a daughter of Bar-
tholomew Smith, a brave soldier of the Revolu-
tion, whose death occurred while General La
Fayette was making his second visit to America,
and the military funeral services at the old Reho-
both Cemetery were made more impressive by the
General's attendance. Mrs. Sally Springer was
fifty-five years old when she died. She was the
mother of the following children: Martina, Theo-
dore, Sophia, Anselmo, Caroline and Everill.

The subject of this sketch, Theodore G.
Springer, received the benefits of the schools of
his county, but the ambitious boy was not satis-
fied with the meager information they were then
able to give. He qualified himself for a collegiate
course, and in time entered Hiram College, which
at that time was a shining light among educa-
tional centers in Ohio. Here he improved his
time, and laid the foundations for future years of
study and research. He was a classmate of the
lamented president, James A. Garfield, and from
their acquaintance here sprang a friendship which
lasted through life. After graduating, life on the

S. B. HAGGARD.

old homestead became monotonous to the enter-
prising young man and he resolved to go West.
He did not come empty-handed, but was able to
buy up large tracts of land and land warrants in
Boone and Jasper Counties, and managed his es-
tate with varying success.

His mind was ever active amid his rural sur-
roundings, and he invented several things of great
utility to farmers, among them being a wagon
brake, which is yet used quite extensively. He
also invented a process for distilling water, and at
about the same time a process for manufacturing
an illuminating gas in hotels and farmhouses,
which was the most successful of all his inven-
tions, and which subsequently engaged all his
attention. He took out forty or more patents,
covering many useful inventions. The most
noted is his invention ofsetteline gas. Mr. Pres-
ton, the director of the United States mint in
Washington, was one of his two partners, and
they succeeded in getting out a first-class patent.
Later this was sold to the old Setteline Gas Syn-
dicate, which made a fortune from the manu-
facture.

In the interest of his inventions, and especially
gas, Mr. Springer traveled extensively in Europe,
where he was treated with great respect by the
great scientists of the Old World, who recognized
in him a genius. His water-gas invention, and

its introduction, took him to France, Spain, Ger-
many, Belgium and England. In the latter
country he spent two and one-half years, mostly in
London, and was compelled to return to America
on account of the state of his health, as he was
suffering from Bright's Disease, from which he
finally died.

Mr. Springer was a man of great determination
and force of character. His perceptive and in-
ventive faculties were developed to a remarkable
degree, which enabled him to remember the prac-
tical part of life while studying his inventions,
and he left to his family a competency which will
always surround them with the comforts of this
world. He was always mindful of the welfare of
his loved ones, which he showed in numerous
ways.

Mr. Springer was connected with the Masonic
order, but was not a club or lodge man, as his
home was his place of rest and recreation. His
wife was a worthy companion of such a man. His
portrait shows all that distinguishes the inventor
and builder. Among his companions and
fellow-men Mr. Springer stood for all that is rep-
resented by honor, true manhood and integrity.
His good name and his life-work are a rich legacy
to coming generations, who will revere his mem-
ory. He is survived by his wife and daughter,
Mrs. C. W. Doton, both of Chicago.

SAMUEL B. HAGGARD.

(7JAMUEL BALDWIN HAGGARD, one of
^\ the surviving pioneers of Cook County, is
)/ now living in retirement at Austin, and re-
lates many interesting historical reminiscences of
Chicago and other places. He was born near
Winchester, Kentucky, Novembers, 1814, and
is a son of Dawson Haggard and Charity Bald-
win. The great-grandfather of Dawson Hag-

gard was a Welshman by birth, but came from
England to Virginia. His grandson, David, the
father of Dawson, was born near Charlottesville,
in that State. He was a carpenter by trade and
assisted in the construction of Thomas Jefferson's
magnificent mansion at Monticello, which was, no
doubt, the finest residence in America at that time.
David Haggard and his twin brother, Bartlett,

S. B. HAGGARD.

who could scarcely be distinguished from each
other, served alter tiately" in the Continental army
under one enlistment for several years, and the for-
mer was present at the surrender of Lord Corn-
wallis. David Haggard afterwards removed with
his family to Kentucky. They were accompanied
by several other Virginia families, including the
Breckenridges and Marshalls, and the journey
was made by floating down the Kanawha and
Ohio Rivers as far as Maysville, Kentucky,
whence they went overland to Clark County.
Owing to the hostility of the Indians, they were
obliged at times to take refuge in a fort at Boones-
boro. David Haggard lived in Clark County
until 1823, when he removed to Christian County,
and in 1836 he located in Bloomington, Illinois,
where his death occurred seven years later, at the
age of eighty years. His wife, whose maiden
name was Nancy Dawson, survived until ninety
years of age, passing away at Cerulean Springs,
in Trigg County, Kentucky.

Dawson Haggard became a farmer and also a
carpenter. He lived in Clark County until about
1817, when he removed to Christian County,
whence a few years later he removed to Trigg
County, in the same State. His death occurred
there in 1829, at the age of thirty-five years. He
was a licensed preacher of the Baptist Church,
and occasionally held services. After the death
of her husband, Mrs. Charity Haggard removed
to Indiana, and from there in 1841 removed to
Bloomington, Illinois, where she died about eight
years later. Her seven children are all living in
Illinois, the youngest nearly seventy years of
age. Their names and residences are as follows:
Samuel B., Austin; Nancy, widow of Hiram
Morris, Bloomington; David Dawson, of the same
place; Mary Jane, widow of John Shrock, Chi-
cago; Sarah Elizabeth, of the same city; John
William, Bloomington; and Julia Ann, widow of
John L. Matthews, Chicago. The two last-named
are twins.

Samuel .B. Haggard attended the frontier
schools of Kentucky, in which State he also learned
the trade of carpenter. In 1835 he became a
resident of Bloomington, Illinois, where he fol-
lowed his trade until the fall of 1843, when he

removed to Chicago. He brought his family
with a horse and buggy and paid one dollar per
day for a man and team to bring his effects to
this city, being several days on the road and
camping out one night at Wolf Grove, five miles
from the nearest house. He secured employ-
ment in the iron foundry of Scoville & Gates,
where he had charge of the woodwork for sev-
eral years. In the fall of 1847 ne entered the
employ of McCormick & Gray, who had just
completed a factory building on the north side of
the Chicago River east of Rush Street bridge.
He superintended the erection of the machinery
in this establishment and was superintendent ot
the works until 1850. Five hundred reapers
were built the first season, after which Mr. Gray
retired and the firm became McCormick, Ogden
& Company. Upon severing his connection with
this concern, Mr. Haggard began the manufact-
ure of chain pumps at No. 224 Randolph Street.
He continued in that location until 1866, when he
removed to the West Side and added a stock of
hardware. He carried on this enterprise for ten
years longer, when he permanently retired from
active business. Since 1873 he has made his
home in Austin, and is now one of the oldest
residents of that suburb. For many years he en-
joyed the acquaintance of the leading business
men of Chicago, most of whom he has survived.
In May, 1837, Mr. Haggard was married to Miss
Mary Mason, daughter of George and Elizabeth
(Howser) Mason, of Bloomington, Illinois. Mrs.
Haggard was born at Nicholasville, Jessamine
County, Kentucky, and was a member of the
Baptist Church from childhood. She departed
this life in 1889, at the age of seventy -three years.
The union of Mr. and Mrs. Haggard was blessed
with seven children, of whom the following is the
record: Belle, widow of William Rucker, resides
at Austin; Winfield Scott is a citizen of Chicago;
Martha Jane is the wife of Albert Wicker, of
Franklin Grove, Illinois; John David is a well-
known citizen of Austin; Mary Frances, Mrs. S.
S. Gould, lives in Oak Park, Illinois; Edith is
the wife of E. W. Marble, of Austin, at which
place Charity Elizabeth died at the age of thirty-
four years. In 1887 Mr. and Mrs. Haggard cele-

FRANK KUHN.

brated their golden wedding, which was attended
by all their children and grandchildren, as well as
by all of Mr. Haggard's brothers and sisters.

For thirty years past Mr. Haggard has been
connected with the Baptist Church, and his
career has been in all respects well worth)' the
emulation of posterity. Though in the eighty-
third year of his age, he is still quite vigorous
and his mind is clear and active. He distinctly
remembers events which occurred when he was
but three and one-half years old, and is likewise
well posted on current events. He has always

kept well informed on public affairs and remem-
bers the presidential election of 1824, at which
J. Q. Adams was elected by the House of Repre-
sentatives, the opposing candidates being Henry
Clay, Andrew Jackson and William H. Crawford.
He cast his first presidential ballot in 1836 for
William Henry Harrison and has voted for every
Whig and Republican candidate for that office
since that time. He has affiliated with few social
organizations, but is a member of the old Tippe-
canoe Club of Chicago, and is held in the highest
regard by his contemporaries.

FRANK KUHN.

|~~RANK KUHN. Among the German citi-
r^ zens of Chicago, who, by their world-re-
I nowned thrift and economy accumulated
wealth, was the subject of this sketch. He was
born February 27, 1827, in Elsass, then in France,
but now a part of Germany. He came to Amer-
ica when quite a young man, in a sailing-vessel
which anchored at the port of- New Orleans, be-
ing thirteen weeks on the voyage. He soon af-
ter left New Orleans on account of the yellow
fever and went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he re-
mained one year.

In 1853 he came to Chicago, where he worked
two years at the cabinet-maker's trade, which he
had learned from his father, who was a skilled
mechanic. He then, in company with Peter
Schmidt, established a retail store for the dispens-
ing of beverages, on Kinzie Street, which was a
resort for the early inhabitants of the West Side.
After two years he moved to the corner of Mil-
waukee Avenue and Des Plaines Street, where
he was, until 1859, a landmark. At this time
he removed to the corner of Milwaukee Avenue
and Erie Street, and here conducted business for

almost eight years, when he removed to Kuhn's
Park, which pleasure resort he built up and im-
proved and conducted for five or six years.

He was married August 10, 1859, to Miss
Katharine Otzel, a native of Kur-Hessen, Ger-
many. They had eight children, four of whom
are now living, namely: Frank C. ; Emma, wife
of John Spenger; Adolph A., and Annie, wife of
Herman Bartells, a bookkeeper for thirteen years
in the Hide and Leather National Bank in Chi-
cago, where he enjoys the confidence and respect
of all its officers and employes. Another son
lived to the age of thirty years and was married
to Miss Ida Koch, whose father was an old and
respected citizen of Chicago.

Mr. Kuhn died May 31, 1890, in Chicago, of
poison, administered in some unknown way to
his entire family, though he was the only one who
died from its effects. His large property is still
in possession of his widow, who, as a good Ger-
man wife often does, assisted greatly in its ac-
cumulation. Mr. Kuhn also left a good name,
and is remembered as an upright citizen, honest
and true to every obligation.

7 6

CAPT. DANIEL QUIRK.

OAPT. DANIEL QUIRK, whose life came
I ( to an end as the result of his exposure to
\J the hardships of war, was a native of County
Kerry, Ireland, born about 1826. His parents,
Francis and Eleanor (Lynch) Quirk, came to
Chicago when Daniel was ten years old, and
lived for several years on the North Side. Later
they removed to Woodstock, McHenry County,
Illinois, where they passed the balance of their
days.

Daniel Quirk attended the first free school in
Chicago, located near the present site of Mc-
Vicker's theatre. While yet a boy he was em-
ployed in a book and news store kept by John
McNally, where John R. Walsh, now president
of the Chicago National Bank, was a fellow-
clerk. The outbreak of the Civil War found him
here. He had joined a militia company known
as the Shields Guards. April 15, 1861, this
company enlisted in the Twenty-third Regular
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and in July of the
same year the regiment was sent to the front in
Missouri. Daniel Quirk was elected captain of
Company K, and served in that capacity; but
the period of enlistment of the men was short,
and he re-enlisted and went to Virginia, where
he was in the Army of the Potomac. Within a
few days after entering field service, in July,
1861, he was taken prisoner by General Early's
command. He was quickly exchanged, and im-
mediately re-entered the service, as before re-
lated. In all his campaigns he was accompanied
by his faithful wife, who shared the hardships
and chances of war. She was also taken prisoner
by the rebels, who treated her with great courtesy.
After one week's detention she was released by
the chivalrous rebel, General Early. Among their

fellow-prisoners were Mrs. Dr. John Taylor, of
Chicago, and Nathan Goff, afterward a member
of President Garfield's cabinet.

On Sunday, July 4, 1854, Mr. Quirk was mar-
ried to Miss Margaret, daughter of Thomas and
Margaret (O'Connor) Moore, the latter a native
of Sligo, Ireland. The former was a native of
Dublin, and a relative of Thomas Moore, the
poet. The Moore family came to America in
1837, and for some years the father kept a grocery
store in Albany, New York. In 1847 they came
to Chicago.

Mrs. Quirk was born March 15, 1834, in
Dublin. She showed the most heroic devotion
through hard campaigns, and many sick and
wounded bear testimony to her skill as a nurse,
and kindness of heart. For some time before
leaving the service, Captain Quirk was ill, and
the faithful nursing of his wife saved his life for
many years, though he was forced to resign on
account of his inability to perform military duty.
After having served over three years, in July,
1864, he reluctantly abandoned military scenes
and returned to Chicago. He never entirely
recovered from the effects of his military priva-
tions, although his partially disabled limb did
not prevent him from volunteering for active
duty in Ireland, when James Stephens proposed
to fight there in 1865. Like many another pa-
triotic Irish- American, Captain Quirk discovered
that Mr. Stephens had miscalculated his military
resources, and when the Irish people's office was
seized, and most of the leaders arrested, he was
compelled to escape by way of England; in this
expedition he was also accompanied by his faith-
ful wife. But Captain Quirk remained as enthu-
siastic as ever Ireland was never absent from

C. M. LEONARD.

his thoughts, and it is doubtful whether, during
his periods of comparative health, he was ever
absent from any gathering having for its object
the advancement of the Irish cause.

The Great Fire of 1871 burned Captain Quirk
out of house and home. He set to work again
with energy to regain a competency, and in this
he was moderately successful. Although an
invalid he responded promptly to his country's
call when the Haymarket riot called out the
Second Regiment. He commanded Company E
in person till quiet was restored. The Govern-
ment, mindful to some extent, at least, of his
services to the Union, gave him a post office
clerkship, which he retained till two years before
his death. In 1880, accompanied by his wife,
he went to Europe in the hope of recovering his
lost vigor, but in vain, and the end came at his
home on Superior Street, July 29, 1882. At the
present writing Mrs. Quirk has resided a period
of forty-four years in this house, where, sur-
rounded by many of life's blessings, she is still
devoted to the memory of her brave husband.

Captain Quirk was a member of the Grand
Army of the Republic and of Holy Name Church.
He and his good wife adopted and reared a

daughter, Leonora M. Quirk, who is now the wife
of Nicholas Neary, of Chicago. From early
youth Mrs. Neary has been devoted to art, of
which she is a critical judge, and her home is
adorned with some of the choicest gems of paint-
ing and kindred arts. She is a painter of no
mean ability, and excels especially in portrait
work.

The appended document is self-explanatory:
HEADQUARTERS SECOND REGIMENT.

May 13, 1877.

Capt. Daniel Quirk,

Commanding Co. E.

Sir: The Board of Officers unanimously press
you to withdraw the letter of resignation lately
addressed to the Colonel commanding.

They are of one mind that your withdrawal at
this juncture would be a disastrous blow to Com-
pany E, and a calamity to the entire regiment.
Your conspicuous zeal in the organization and
maintenance of the regiment, and the fidelity
with which you have promoted its best interests
and welfare, are appreciated by every member of
the command and all would deplore your with-
drawal.

We therefore earnestly urge you to still stand
by the colors of the Second and maintain the in-
tegrity of Company E.
Signed JOSEPH T..TORRENCE, COL.

CHESTER M, LEONARD.

CHESTER MARSHALL LEONARD, an
1 1 honored veteran of the late Civil War, was
U born in 1845, in Granville, Washington
County, New York, and is a son of Elijah D.
and Matilda (Harrington) Leonard, natives of
that State. Mrs. Matilda Leonard died in 1865,
and her husband survived her until 1896, when
he passed away, at the age of eighty-four years.

When Chester M. Leonard was seven years of
age his parents moved to the West, locating in
Kenosha County, Wisconsin, where they were
among the earliest settlers. They shared the
hard life of the pioneer, and were deprived of
many advantages. The schools of that section
were then very poor, but Chester M. Leonard
received a fair education, and he has supple-

JOHN BUCHANAN.

merited it with observation and experience
throughout his life, having always striven for
improvement and advancement. His early life
was spent with his parents on the farm, and
when he was a young man he found employ-
ment in the Kenosha Carriage Works, where he
remained until the outbreak of the Civil War.

In 1 86 1 he enlisted at Ripon, Wisconsin, in
the First Wisconsin Cavalry, and served under
General Sherman at the battles of Stone River,
Chickamauga, Altoona, Atlanta and many others.

He married Miss Lydia A. Burdock, a native
of Trenton, New York, in Racine, Wis., in 1866,
and they became the parents of five boys, namely:
Arthur Lee, William H., Adelbert Ellsworth,
Herbert and Clarence.

Since the war Mr. Leonard has been engaged

in engineering, which trade he now follows, with
especial attention to mechanical engineering, in
which he takes great interest. From a boy his
tastes have been in the direction of mechanical
labor, and he has always improved every oppor-
tunity for enlarging his knowledge and skill in
that branch of work. He is genial and friendly
of manner, and has the warm friendship of a
large circle of acquaintances and associates. He
has the confidence of his employers, and despite
the fact that he has lived through many trying
experiences during the war, he is as capable of
doing his work well as many younger men, and
is always found at the post of duty in civil life,
as he was in military service. He is ever ready
to favor any movement calculated to promote
human progress and improvement.

JOHN BUCHANAN.

3OHN BUCHANAN, a citizen of South Chi-
cago, was born May 10, 1859, in Ireland, and
is a son of John and Mary (Welsh) Buchan-
an, both natives of the Emerald Isle. His par-
ents lived all their lives in their native country,
but John was such an ambitious youth that he
became possessed of a desire to try his fortunes in
the New World, by himself. He cherished this
ambition until he was eighteen years old, and
then he was able to emigrate.

John Buchanan arrived in New York in 1877,
and after spending a short time in that city,
removed to Philadelphia, where he found employ-
ment at various occupations, being some of the
time with the firm of French & Richards. Not

being very well satisfied with his life in Phila-
delphia, he removed to Chicago in 1881, and after
a few years' residence there, found employ-
ment with the Illinois Steel Company, where he
is at present engaged.

November 12, 1884, Mr. Buchanan married
Miss Annie Egan, and they became the parents
of the following children: Denis Patrick (de-
ceased), Mamie, John, Robert Emmett, Frank and
Joseph Stephen.

Mr. Buchanan is a thoroughly reliable citizen,
and has an interest and pride in the progress of
his adopted country. He and his family are com-
municants of Saint Patrick's Roman Catholic
Church.

LIBRARY

OF THE

HNIVERSITY OP ILLINOIS

ELISHA GRAY

EUSHA GRAY.

ELISHA GRAY.

QROF. ELISHA GRAY, whose inventive
LX genius and persevering industry have played
]3 no inconspicuous part in revolutionizing the
business methods of the modern world, bears in
his veins the sturdy and vigorous blood of some
of America's founders. His grandfather, John
Gray, was of Scotch-Irish descent, and was a
farmer in Chester County, Pennsylvania, where
he died. Mary Moore, wife of John Gray, was a
native of Delaware, presumably of English blood.
She survived her husband and moved, with her
younger children, to the vicinity of Georgetown,
Ohio, and afterward to Monroe County, in the
same State, where she died. She was the mother
of Thomas, Elijah, Elisha, David, John and
Samuel Gray.

David Gray was an Orthodox Quaker; a quiet
man, of noble character, and beloved by all who
came within his benign influence. He was a
farmer, and lived near Barnesville, Ohio, whence
he moved to Monroe County, in that State, where
he died, in 1849, in the prime of life, at the age
of about forty years. His wife, Christiana Edg-
erton, was a native of Belmont County, Ohio,
where her parents, Richard and Mary (Hall)
Edgerton, were early settlers. Richard Edgerton
was born in North Carolina, of English descent,
and was a prominent member of the Society of
Friends. The family was noted for the large size
of its members, all being six feet or more in
height. They were also brainy people. John
Edgerton was a noted leader of the "Hicksite"
Quakers, and a powerful anti-slavery agitator in
Ohio and Indiana. His brother, Joseph Edger-
ton, was the leading Orthodox Quaker of his day,
and a great preacher. He was vigorous to the

end of his life, which came after he had attained
the age of eighty years. The Halls were also a
vigorous and intelligent people, and prominent
among the Quakers.

David Gray and wife were well-read and intell-
igent, and engaged in teaching in early life.
Mrs. Gray was liberally educated for that day in
Ohio, and her influence went far in preparing her
son for the prominent part he was destined to
take in the development of modern practical
science. She survived her husband many years,
reaching the venerable age of seventy-eight, and
died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Sarah
Cope, in New Sharon, Iowa.

Elisha Gray was born near Barnesville, Bel-
mont County, Ohio, August 2, 1835. From a
recent work, entitled "Prominent Men of the
Great West," the following elegant and carefully
prepared account of Professor Gray's life is taken :
"When young Gray was but twelve years of
age, he had received three or four months of dis-
trict schooling and the usual industrial training
given to farmers' lads of his age and condition of
life. Over forty years ago his father died, leav-
ing Elisha in a large measure dependent upon his
own resources for a living. When fourteen years
of age he apprenticed himself to a blacksmith,
and partly mastered that trade, but, his strength
being greatly overtaxed, he was forced to give it
up and joined his mother, who had removed to
Brownsville, Pennsylvania. Here he entered the
employ of a boat-builder, serving three and a-
half years' apprenticeship, learning the trade of
ship-joiner.

"At the end of this time he was a first-class
mechanic and began to give evidence of his

ELISHA GRAY.

inventive genius. He was handicapped, how.
ever, by the meagreness of his education, and
was little more than able to experiment with the
simplest contrivances. The testimony of one
who knew him intimately at this time indicates
that he had a consciousness of his own resources
and was of the belief that Nature had destined
him to accomplish some important work in life.
He had a great desire to acquire that funda-
mental knowledge which would open for him the
way to intelligent research, investigation and
ultimate achievements.

"While working as an apprentice, he formed
the acquaintance of Prof. H. S. Bennett, now
of Fisk University, then a student at Oberlin
College, Ohio, from whom he learned that at
that institution exceptional opportunities were
afforded to students for self-education; and
immediately after he had completed his term of
service he set out for the college, with barely
enough money in his possession to carry him to
his destination. He arrived in Oberlin in the
summer of 1857, at once going to work as a
carpenter, and supported himself by this means
during a five-years course of study in the college.
As a student he gave especial attention to the
physical sciences, in which he was exceptionally
proficient, his ingenuity being strikingly mani-
fested from time to time in the construction ot
the apparatus used in the classroom experiments.
His cleverness in constructing these various
appliances made him a conspicuous character
among the students. While pursuing his college
course he was not fully decided as to what pro-
fession he would take up, and, at one time, he is
said to have contemplated entering the ministry,
finally deciding, however, not to do so. Perhaps
the course of his life was decided by a remark of
the mother of the young lady who afterwards
became his wife. This was in a joking spirit,
to the effect that ' it would be a pity to spoil a
good mechanic to make a poor minister.' In
fact, to this casual remark the now famous in-
ventor has declared himself to be, in great meas-
ure, indebted for what he has since accomplished.
Truly, the worthy lady must have been of a
sound and discriminating judgment, to discover

the hidden worth of the young man, and she,
doubtless, more than any one else, in his earlier
days, fanned the latent sparks of genius into the
flame which, in later days, revealed to his brain
the contrivances which have made his name
famous, and which have proved of inestimable
value to civilization.

"From 1857 to 1861 the Professor devoted
himself to unremitting toil and study, and the
result was that his naturally delicate constitution
was impaired by the great strain upon his mental
powers. In 1861, just when the future was
brightening with the promise of success, and
when he thought his days of struggling were
past, he was stricken with an illness from which
he did not recover for five years. After his mar-
riage, in 1862, to Miss Delia M. Sheppard, of
Oberlin, and, with a view to the betterment of
his health, Mr. Gray devoted himself for a time
to farming as an occupation. This experience
was disappointing, both in its financial results
and in its effects upon his health, and he returned
to his trade, working in Trumbull County, Ohio,
until he was again prostrated by a serious illness.
Following this, came two or three years of strug-
gle and privation; of alternate hope and disap-
pointment, during which he experimented with
various mechanical and electrical devices, but
was prevented by his straitened circumstances
from making any headway in profitable invention.
Pressed by his necessities, he was once or twice
on the point of giving up his researches and
investigations entirely and devoting himself to
some ordinary bread-winning industry; but he
was stimulated by his faithful and devoted wife
and her mother, both of whom had an abiding
faith in his genius, and who aided him in his
work with all the means at their command, and
to whose influence was largely due the fact that
he continued his efforts in the field of invention.

"In 1867 a more prosperous era dawned upon
him, with the invention of a self-adjusting tele-
graph relay, which, although it proved of no
practical value, furnished the opportunity of in-
troducing him to the late Gen. Anson Stager, of
Cleveland, then General Superintendent of the
Western Union Telegraph Company, who at once

ELISHA GRAY.

became interested in him and furnished him facil-
ities for experimenting on the company's lines.
Professor Gray then formed a co-partnership with
E. M. Barton, of Cleveland, for the manufacture
of electrical appliances, during which time he
invented the dial telegraph.

" In 1869 he removed to Chicago, where he
continued the manufacture of electrical supplies,
General Stager becoming associated with him.
Here he perfected the type-printing telegraph, the
telegraphic repeater, the telegraphic switch, the
annunciator and many other inventions which
have become famous within the short space of a
few years. About 1872 he organized the West-
ern Electrical Manufacturing Company, which is
still in existence and is said to be the largest
establishment of its kind in the world. In 1874
he retired from the superintendency of the elec-
tric company and began his researches in teleph-
ony, and within two years thereafter gave to
the world that marvelous production of human
genius, the speaking telephone. Noting one day,
when a secondary coil was connected with the
zinc lining of the bath tub, dry at the time, that
when he held the other end of the coil in his left
hand and rubbed the lining of the tub with his
right, it gave rise to a sound that had the same
pitch and quality as that of the vibrating contact-
breaker, he began a series of experiments, which
led first to the discovery that musical tones could
be transmitted over an electrical wire. Fitting
up the necessary devices, he exhibited this inven-
tion to some of his friends, and the same year
went abroad, where he made a special study of
acoustics and gave further exhibitions of the
invention, which he developed into the harmonic,
or multiplex, telegraph. While perfecting this
device, in 1875, the idea of the speaking tele-
phone suggested itself, and in 1876 he perfected
this invention and filed his caveat in the Patent
Office at Washington. That another inventor
succeeded in incorporating into his own applica-
tion for a telegraph patent an important feature
of Professor Gray's invention, and that the latter
was thereby deprived of the benefits which he
should have derived therefrom, is the practically
unanimous decision of many well informed as to

the merits of the controversy to which conflict-
ing claims gave rise; and the leading scientists
and scientific organizations of the world, accord-
ing to a certain periodical, have accredited to him
the honor of inventing the telephone. In recog-
nition of his distinguished achievements, he was
made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor at the
close of the Paris Exposition of 1878, and Amer-
ican colleges have conferred upon him the degrees
of Doctor of Laws and Doctor of Science.

"For several years after his invention of the
telephone he was connected with the Postal Tel-
egraph Company, and brought the lines of this"
system into Chicago, laying them underground.
He also devised a general underground telegraph
system for the city, and then turned his attention
to the invention of the 'telautograph,' a device
with which the general public is just now becom-
ing familiar through the public accounts of its
operation. On March 21, 1893, the first exhibi-
tions of the practical and successful operation of
this wonderful instrument were given simultane-
ously in New York and Chicago, and on the
same day the first telautograph messages were
passed over the wires from Highland Park to
Waukegan, Illinois. The exhibitions were wit-
nessed by a large number of electrical experts,
scientists and representatives of the press, who
were unanimous in their opinion that Professor
Gray's invention is destined to bring about a
revolution in telegraphy.

' 'One of the beauties of electrical science is the
expressiveness of its nomenclature, and among
the many significant names given to electrical
inventions none expresses more clearly the use
and purpose of the instrument to which it is
applied than the term, 'telautograph.' As its
name signifies, it enables a person sitting at one
end of the wire to write a message or a letter
which is reproduced simultaneously in fac simile
at the other end of the wire. It is an agent
which takes the place of the skilled operator and
the telegraphic alphabet. Any one who can
write can transmit a message by this means, and
the receiving instrument does its work perfectly,
without the aid of an operator. The sender of
the message may be identified by fhe/ac simile of

EUSHA GRAY.

his handwriting which reaches the recipient, and
pen-and-ink portraits of persons may be as
readily transmitted from one point to another as
the written messages. In many respects the
telautograph promises to be more satisfactory in
its practical operations than the telephone. Com-
munications can be carried on between persons at
a distance from each other with absolute secrecy,
and a message sent to a person in his absence
from his place of business will be tound awaiting
him upon his return. These and many other
advantages which the telautograph seems to
possess warrant the prediction that in the not
very distant future telautography will supplant
in a measure both telephony and telegraphy.
The transmitter and the receiver of the telauto-
graph system are delicately constructed pieces of
mechanism, each contained in a box somewhat
smaller than an ordinary typewriter machine.
The two machines are necessary at each end of a
wire, and stand side by side. In transmitting a
message an ordinary feed lead pencil is used. At
the point of this is a small collar, with two eyes
in its rim. To each of these eyes a fine silk -cord
is attached, running off at right angles in two
directions. Each of the two ends of this cord is
carried round a small drum supported on a ver-
tical shaft. Under the drum, and attached to
the same shaft, is a toothed wheel of steel, the
teeth of which are so arranged that when either
section of the cord winds upon or off its drum, a
number of teeth will pass a given point, corres-
ponding to the length of cord so wound or un-
wound. For instance, if the point of the pencil
moves in the direction of one of the cords a dis-
tance of one inch, forty of the teeth will pass any
certain point. Each one of these teeth and each
space represents one impulse sent upon the line,
so that when the pencil describes a motion one
inch in length, eighty electrical impulses are sent
upon the line. The receiving instrument is prac-
tically a duplicate of the transmitter, the motions
of which, however, are controlled by electrical
mechanism. The perfected device exhibited by
Professor Gray, and now in operation, is the
result of six years of arduous labor, an evolution
to which the crude contrivance used in his earliest

experiments bears little resemblance. The man-
ufacture of the instruments will be carried on by
the Gray Electric Company, a corporation having
offices in New York and Chicago and a large
manufacturing establishment just outside the
limits of the suburban village of Highland Park,
Illinois, of which place Professor Gray has been
for many years a resident. Here, in addition to
his workshop and laboratory, the renowned
inventor has a beautiful home, and his domestic
relations are of the ideal kind.

' ' The title by which Professor Gray has been
known for so many years came to him through
his connection with Oberlin and Ripon (Wis-
consin) Colleges as non-resident lecturer in
physics, and his general appearance is that of the
college professor or the profound student. He
has none of the eccentricities which are the con-
spicuous characteristics of some of the great
inventors of the age, and, when not absorbed in
his professional work, he is delightfully genial
and companionable.

"When the World's Congress of Electricians
assembled in the new Art Institute in Chicago,
on the 2ist of August, 1893, there were gathered
the most noted electricians of all the world. The
congress was divided into two sections, one of
which termed the official section was com-
posed of representatives designated by the vari-
ous Governments of Europe and the Americas,
and was authorized to consider and pass upon
questions relating to electrical measurement,
nomenclature and various other matters of import
to the electrical world. To the other section ot
the congress were admitted all professional elec-
tricians who came properly accredited, and they
were permitted to attend the sessions and partici-
pate in the deliberations of the congress, although
they were not allowed to vote on the technical
questions coming before it.

' 'When it was determined that the convening
of international congresses of various kinds
should be made one of the leading features ot
the Columbian Exposition, a body, which became
known as the World's Congress Auxiliary of the
World's Columbian Exposition, was organized
for the purpose of promoting and making all

B. C. MILLER.

necessary preparations for these gatherings. To
Prof. Elisha Gray, of Chicago, this body as-
signed the task of organizing the congress of
electricians, and placed upon him the responsi-
bility of formulating the plans and making all
initiatory preparations for what was, unquestion-
ably, the most important and interesting conven-
tion of electricians ever held in this or any other
country. While the Professor called to his assist-
ance many distinguished members of his profes-
sion, by virtue of his official position, he was the
central and most attractive figure in this great
movement.

"Professor Gray is a member of the Union
League Club of Chicago. Politically, he is a
Republican. He has traveled extensively, not
only in this country but throughout Europe.
He is now in his sixty-first year, and he stands
as an illustrious example of the general rule, for,
although not yet an old man, he is one of the
few prominent in the early days of electrical
development who maintained their prominence
and added to their reputation in the rapid strides
which have been made during the last decade.

But few of the early workers in the electrical
sciences have maintained their prominence in the
later development. This is undoubtedly due to
the lack of plasticity which is usually attributed
to maturer years, the possession of which in
younger men often gives them the advantage in
the rush for supremacy in new adaptation and
under ever-changing conditions. Where, how-
ever, this plasticity has been preserved during
maturer years, as has been the case with the
subject of this sketch, the maturer judgment and
riper experience which those years have enabled
him to bring to bear upon the newer problems
have in many cases resulted in inventions and
improvements of the utmost importance to man-
kind and the cause of civilization. Professor
Gray is a man of fine personal appearance, pleas-
ing address, commanding bearing, and a man
who will attract attention in any assembly, and
who, on account of his great electrical skill and
general scientific attainments, and because of his
pleasing and affable manner, has won for him-
self many friends and admirers. ' '

DR. BENJAMIN C. MILLER.

0R. BENJAMIN COKE MILLER, one of
the most successful physicians and most
highly respected citizens of Chicago, passed
away at his home on Everett Avenue, in that
city, June 25, 1891. He was descended from a
long line of American ancestors, who were dis-
tinguished as physicians and gentlemen.

The founder of the family in this country was
Adam Miller, who was born near Metz, France
(now included in the German Empire), and from

whom the subject of this biography was a de-
scendant in the eighth generation. He settled
with his family in Frederick, Maryland, and be-
came a large planter. He was noted as a man
of wealth, culture and refinement, and held many
slaves. These were liberated by his bequest on
his death, and their loss at that time almost beg-
gared his heirs; but they honored his behest.
The family continued to reside in Maryland for
several generations. The great-grandfather of

8 4

B. C. MILLER.

Dr. Benjamin C. Miller moved to Shelby ville,
Kentucky, where his son, Dr. Henry Miller, be-
came an extensive planter. The latter was a
tall and fine-appearing man, a noted physician
and a man of affairs. He died at Shelbyville, of
old age.

Dr. Jefferson Miller, son of the last-named,
was bsrn in Gallatin County, Kentucky, No-
vember 29, 1807, and was educated in Virginia.
Through over-confidence in his friends, he lost
much of his property, and then took up the study
of medicine with Dr. Clarke, a noted physician
of his native State. While still a young man, he
settled in the practice of his profession at Rush-
ville, Indiana, and became widely known for his
skill in the healing art. He united with the
Methodist Church there in 1839. As a Chris-
tian, he was liberal to all churches. As a citizen,
he was public-spirited, and was much loved and
respected by all. As a physician, he was un-
usually successful, and was a man of extraordin-
ary worth and usefulness in all relations of life.
November 20, 1832, he married Eliza A. Stand-
ford, of Greencastle, Indiana, and two of their
children grew to maturity, namely: Dr. Benja-
min C. and Henry Miller, the latter now a resi-
dent of Ladoga, Indiana. The father died at
that place, November 5, 1885, and his wife sur-
vived him about five and one-half years, passing
away in May, 1891.

Benjamin C. Miller was born April 30, 1846,
in Rushville, Indiana, and went with his parents
early in life to Montgomery County, in the same
State, receiving his primary education at Ladoga.
In the spring of 1862, when he was barely six-
teen years of age, he ran away from school at
Battle Ground, Indiana, and enlisted as a private
in the Eleventh Indiana Cavalry, then in camp
at Indianapolis, preparatory to service in the
Civil War. As this enlistment was made with-
out the consent of his father, the latter was en-
abled to claim him, which he did, and conducted
the ambitious boy back to school. Before the
father had reached home on the return from this
duty, the son was again in camp, and he was
this time permitted to have his way. He joined
Company K, of the Eleventh Cavalry, of which

he was made Sergeant, and participated in the
service of that organization until December 19,
1863, before the completion of his eighteenth
year, when he was mustered out as a First Lieu-
tenant.

One day soon after this, a handsome young man,
some six feet, six and one-half inches in height,
bronzed by exposure in the line of military duty,
and dressed in the handsome uniform of a Lieu-
tenant, called at the home of his parents in La-
doga. On learning the number of his regiment,
they plied him with questions about Company K,
and inquired if he knew young Benjamin Miller.
He replied in the affirmative. At this moment
his favorite dog came into the room, and, upon
being spoken to by his young master, gave the
most extravagant expressions of joy, bringing
tears to the eyes of Mrs. Miller, who could scarcely
forgive herself for failing to recognize her son
until after this faithful animal had shown her his
identity.

Entering Rush Medical College of Chicago,
young Miller was graduated with honor on the
gth of February, 1869. He passed the competi-
tive examination, and was appointed House Phy-
sician and Surgeon of Cook County Hospital,
serving a year and a-half. He was then made
County Physician, in which capacity he served two
years. He was immediately made Superintendent
of Public Charities, having charge of the County
Hospital, Insane Asylum and Alms House.
After filling this position about eighteen months,
he was appointed Sanitary Superintendent of
Chicago by Mayor Medill, and was continued in
that office by Mayor Colvin. During this period
he was very useful in the community by his skill-
ful management of the cholera epidemic of 1873.
In 1875 he was made Surgeon, with the rank of
Major, on the staff of Gen. A. C. Ducat, Com-
mander of the Illinois National Guard. In 1876
Dr. Miller resigned the position of Sanitary Su-
perintendent and went abroad. He spent about
a year in studying in hospitals at Aberdeen and
Edinburgh, Scotland, and London, England.
Returning to Chicago, with added knowledge
from these observations, he was enabled to com-
mand a large share of the most difficult and re-

J. M. HANNAHS.

munerative medical and surgical practice of the
then metropolitan city. In 1889 he was ap-
pointed by the United States Government a Pen-
sion Examiner, and continued to fulfill the duties
of this position until his death.

December 24, 1872, Dr. Miller was married to
Miss Etta Barnet, of Chicago. She, with one
daughter, survives him. The latter, Miss Mary
Etta Miller, is a bright Chicago girl. She is
possessed of marked literary and artistic tastes,
and her work as a pen-and-ink artist has attracted
considerable attention. Mrs. Miller is a daugh-
ter of the late George Barnet, a sketch of whose

career will be found on another page of this
work.

Dr. Miller's character was summed up in a
few heartfelt and well-chosen words by his con-
temporary, Dr. Pagne, as follows: "A man of
extraordinary talent and attainments was Dr.
Miller. While City Physician, he inaugurated
the system of newsboys' picnics and outings. His
friends were many, by reason of his greatness of
heart. Chicago loses a good citizen, and the pro-
fession an able member."

The last sad rites over his remains were con-
ducted by South Park Masonic Lodge, and his
body was interred in Oakwoods Cemetery.

JAMES M. HANNAHS.

flAMES MONROE HANNAHS, one of the
I oldest residents of Chicago, having come
Q) here as early as 1836, is a descendant of an
old and influential New England family, which
originated in Ireland, the family name having
been spelled in that country Hannah. The
great-grandfather of James M. Hannahs was the
first member of the family to leave his native
land for the New World. He settled in Litch-
field, Connecticut, where he was an active and
influential citizen, and later became a zealous
patriot. On the breaking out of the War of the
Revolution, that contest with the Mother Coun-
try which tried the mettle of her sons so sorely,
he made his adopted country's cause his own,
and was made a member of the Committee of
Safety formed at that time.

Daniel Hannahs, son of the foregoing, and the
grandfather of the subject of this notice, was a
soldier in the War of 1812. He was wounded at

the battle of Queenstown, and for his services
enjoyed a pension from the Government until his
death, which occurred in 1842. Leaving Con-
necticut, he moved with his family to central
New York, settling in the wilderness near the
Mohawk River. Undaunted in courage, and of
a fine, soldierly physique, he was well fitted by
nature for the Herculean task of founding a home
in the primeval forests, and in his wife he found
a willing helpmate. The latter was Elizabeth
Gordon, a cousin of Lord George Gordon, the
hero of the "Gordon Riots" of 1798, for his
leadership in which he was imprisoned in Lon-
don and tried for treason, but finally acquitted.

Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Hannahs became the
parents of four children, all sons: Chauncey,
Marvin, William and Daniel. Of these, Marvin
removed to Albion, Calhoun County, Michigan,
in 1835, and became one of the leading men in
that locality, and in later years his son George

J. M. HANNAHS.

was elected State Senator from Michigan. Will-
iam, another son of Daniel Hannahs, became a
prosperous woolen merchant of New York City.
His son, a law student, immediately after his
graduation from Yale College, raised a company
of cavalry in New York City, in the first month
after the Civil War opened, and took the field.
He was made Captain of this company, but, sad
to relate, was killed in Virginia, in May, 1861.

Chauncey Hannahs, the father of James Mon-
roe, was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, in the
year 1791, and removed with his parents to New
York State, assisting his father in clearing
up his farm. In later years, in this same lo-
cality, he engaged in the foundry business. In
1835 he removed to Wisconsin, then considered
in the very far West, and located on Government
land in Kenosha County, where the rest of his
days were spent, his demise occurring in 1873,
from old age. While living in New York State
he had been Captain of an artillery company,
and the title then gained he ever afterwards bore.
In person large and strong, he delighted in out-
door pursuits, and the pioneer life which he
chose on leaving his old home in the East was
one well suited to him in every respect. In his
early life he had been an ardent Whig, but on
the formation of the two great parties of Repub-
licans and Democrats, he allied himself with the
latter, and proved an equally earnest champion
of its principles. In his religious leanings he
was a Presbyterian, his wife being of the same
faith. The latter was born in the year 1793, in
Oneida County, New York, a daughter of Enos
Nichols, a pioneer of that county, where he lived
in a covered wagon until he could erect for him-
self a house in the wilderness. He later became
a pioneer of Lake County, Illinois, near the Wis-
consin State line, and his family thus became
neighbors of the Hannahs family.

Mrs. Chauncey Hannahs died on the old home-
stead in Keuosha County in 1882, also from old
age. She had been the mother of seven children,
as follows: Mrs. Ann Doolittle, William H.,
James M., Thomas J., Francis G., Frederick, and
Adeline, who died at the age of fourteen years.
A strange and shocking fatality occurred in this

family, no less than six deaths taking place with-
in twenty-two months, three children dying with-
in three days of each other. All who now sur-
vive are James M. and his brother, Francis G.

The subject of this sketch was born June 26,
1821, in Herkimer County, New York, and re-
ceived a common-school education in a little
schoolfeouse on the banks of the historic Mohawk
River. On leaving school he entered his father's
foundry to learn the business, and after coming
to Chicago he followed the trade of a foundry-
man in connection with a partner, the firm name
being Hannahs & James. He continued thus en-
gaged until he entered the employ of Wahl
Brothers, manufacturers of glue, with whom he
remained for twenty-five years, during part of
that time representing the firm in New York
City. After leaving Wahl Brothers he was act-
ively engaged in promoting elevated railroads in
Chicago, on a new principle.

July 3, 1851, in Cook County, Illinois, Mr.
Hannahs married Miss Matilda Irish, a daugh-
ter of Perry Irish, and a native of Holley, New
York. Several children were born of this mar-
riage, but all died in infancy. Mrs. Hannahs
died September 19, 1885, in Chicago.

Mr. Hannahs has been for over forty years a
consistent member of the Baptist Church. In re-
gard to politics he is a Republican, having been
a stanch Abolitionist previous to the war. He
is a strong believer in the efficacy of free silver,
and champions his cause with great ardor. While
in the employ of Wahl Brothers, his business led
him to travel extensively throughout the United
States, and he has hosts of friends up and down
the country, as well as in Chicago. Like many
other Chicago business men, he was at one time
a farmer in Cook County, but he yielded to the
superior attractions of city life and sold his farm of
one hundred and sixty acres, which he had bought
for $3 per acre. He has many reminiscences of
early days in Illinois, and has contributed many
interesting articles to Chicago newspapers, de-
scribing the scenes and incidents of early days
in this locality, and noting the stupendous
changes wrought in the face of the country since
he came here, a pioneer of 1836.

LIBRARY

OF THE

HNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

JACOB FORSYTH.

(TACOB FORSYTH. In every community,
I no matter how small, the intelligent observer
G/ will find men who have risen above their
fellows, both in fame and fortune, by sheer force
of character and the ability to seize fortune at the
tide. Though to the casual onlooker there often
has seemed an element of "luck" in the chances
of prosperity which have come to them, a closer
observer will see that it has more often been the
fortunate meeting of the man and the opportunity ;
the opportunity may, perhaps, have occurred
a hundred times before, but the man who should
seize it, and by his ability and energy force results
from it, has never before appeared.

Jacob Forsyth, an old resident of Chicago, and
one of its leading citizens, exemplifies the truth
of the foregoing in a marked degree. Born in the
North of Ireland, of Scotch descent, he possesses
those fortunate characteristics which have placed
so many of his countrymen on the highroad to
success honesty, ambition, energy and resistless
tenacity of purpose. Overlooking the daily dis-
couragements, disappointments and hardships of
their life, they keep ever before them the high
object of their ambition; and if failure instead of
success is their portion, it is through no weaken-
ing of their powers by self-indulgence or idle re-
pining.

In the days of King James I. of England there
sprang up a class of men known as "under-
takers," who, in consideration of certain grants
of land, undertook to locate a specified number of
settlers upon the vast tracts of vacant ground in
northern Ireland. It was at this time that a great
emigration was made from Scotland to this region,
and gave to the world that sturdy, industrious

and highly moral class of people called Scotch-
Irish. Prior to the siege of Londonderry, an
epoch in the history of northern Ireland, the an-
cestors of Jacob Forsyth settled in what is now
the county of Londonderry. They were a rural
people, and, as near as can be learned at the
present time, were engaged in agriculture.

To John Forsyth and his wife, Margaret Cox,
was born a son, whom they christened Jacob. The
latter married Elizabeth Haslette, and their son
John was the father of the subject of this sketch.
John Forsyth married Mary Ann Kerr, a native
of County Londonderry, who was the daughter
of Alexander Kerr and Anne Osborne, the latter
of English descent. The Kerrs were of Scotch
lineage, and very early in Ireland. The parents
of Alexander Kerr were Oliver and Elizabeth
(Wilson) Kerr.

The father of Mr. Forsyth was an intelligent
farmer, and the possessor of a small landed
property. Anxious that his son should have the
' 'schooling' ' which is the ambition of most of his
countrymen, he sent him to a celebrated private
academy, the principal of which was a famous
Greek and Latin scholar and a renowned
mathematician, in his vicinity. Possessing the
studious inclination and the quick perceptions of
an apt scholar, the youth profited greatly by his
attendance here, and the proficiency he ac-
quired in penmanship gained for him his first
position in America.

Jacob Forsyth was born January 12, 1821, at
the old town of Limavady, near the present rail-
road station and thriving village in County Lon-
donderry, Ireland, known as Newtown, Limavady.
Filled with the ambitious spirit which builds

JACOB FORSYTH.

cities and develops the commercial possibilities of
the world, he set out for the United States at the
age of fifteen years. Settling in Pittsburg, Penn-
sylvania, he there first found employment as
copying clerk and errand boy for the great com-
mission and forwarding house of Forsyth & Com-
pany, a member of which firm was a near relative.
The firm was the oldest commission house in the
city, and owned a large fleet of steamers, running
on various western rivers. In those days the
copying book had not been invented, and all let-
ters had to be copied by hand, and this work fell
to young Forsyth. By the interest he took in
his work, and the care with which everything
entrusted to him to do was performed, he soon
won his way into the confidence of his employers,
and was promoted from one responsible position
to another, until he had attained that of head
bookkeeper.

Mr. Forsyth remained with Forsyth & Com-
pany for fifteen years altogether, and at the end
of that time his abilities had become so well
known outside of the concern that he was offered
several other advantageous positions. Accepting
one of these, he became the Through Freight
Agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad, with head-
quarters in Chicago, and by this means became a
permanent resident of this city in 1857. After a
few years' service in this capacity, he accepted
the position of General Western Agent for the old
"Erie" Road.

About this time, his business giving him op-
portunities for observing the prevailing real-es-
tate conditions, he became impressed with the
excellent opportunities to buy land cheaply ; and
with a premonition of the growth of the city, and
the consequent rise in land values, he resigned
his position and began to invest largely in real
estate. His wife had inherited a large amount
of land in Lake County, Indiana, from her brother,
George W. Clarke, who died in 1866, and to this
Mr. Forsyth added by purchasing the holdings
of small owners in the vicinity, until he had ac-
quired ten thousand acres, a large estate for this
land of comparatively small holdings. He had
the shrewdness to buy this so as to form one im-
mense tract, arguing that one large tract would

possess more value than the same amount in scat-
tered portions. During subsequent years he ex-
perienced much annoyance and was caused many
years' litigation in his efforts to expel squatters
from the tract. They were very numerous
around Lakes George and Wolf at the time, and
their dislodgment was a matter of much difficulty.
Mr. Forsyth was in litigation for five years before
he finally obtained redress, and during this time
read book after book on land decisions and the
question of riparian rights, on which he is now
one of the best-posted men in the country, and
able to give information to many an intelligent
attorney in that line of practice.

When, finally, a decree was pronounced in his
favor, he sold eight thousand acres of his land to
the East Chicago Improvement Company for one
million dollars, one-third of which sum was paid
down. The company, however, failed to meet
subsequent payments, and as a compromise the
present Canal and Improvement Company was
formed in 1887. From this Mr. Forsyth ac-
cepted as reimbursement part cash, a large
amount of bonds, and some stock in the company.
In 1881 he bought another large tract on the
lake shore, lying directly north of the present
site of East Chicago, and in 1889 he sold a por-
tion of this to the Standard Oil Company, and
on it has since been built its large plant, known
as Whiting. The limits of the city of Chicago
having been extended to the Indiana line, across
which lies Mr. Forsyth's land, the latter has been
consequently enhanced in value, and has been
greatly benefited thereby.

AtUniontown, Pennsylvania, Mr. Forsyth mar-
ried Miss Caroline M. Clarke, daughter of Robert
Clarke, of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, who
has borne her husband nine children, five sons
and four daughters, all of whom are living.
The family occupies a handsome, comfortable
house on Michigan Avenue, and the home is per-
vaded by an air of taste and refinement which
is not always an element in the homes of the rich.

In politics Mr. Forsyth is a Republican, a
stanch advocate of his party's men and principles,
though, owing to the stress of his extensive busi-
ness interests, he has never found it convenient

T. T. PROSSER.

to take an active part in political affairs. Had
he done so, and brought the same energy and
discernment to bear that he has displayed in the
management of his private interests, it is safe to say
that he would have made his mark in the political
world, as he has made it in the business affairs of
his adopted city.

In appearance Mr. Forsyth is a large, well-

proportioned man, with a kindly, shrewd face,
the true index of a man who has lived an honest,
helpful and kindly life. Though bearing the
weight of seventy-five years and the responsi-
bilities which the possession of great wealth al-
ways brings, he is elastic in mind and body, and
bids fair to live to an extreme old age.

TREAT T. PROSSER.

'REAT T. PROSSER. There are few tasks
more difficult than to sketch the life of an
inventor. The world is so jealous of inno-
vation and improvement upon established meth-
ods, so wedded to the past, and withal so disin-
clined to recognize the brilliancy of more prac-
tical genius, that the man who discovers de-
ficiencies in practical mechanics and supplies them
often goes to his grave unrewarded, even by the
gratitude of the world he has benefited. He
hears the name of the warrior, of the statesman,
of the poet, even of the politician, in every
household or business mart, but often his own, if
mentioned at all, as of one who is building cas-
tles in the air.

But gifted innovators, while deeply feeling the
lack of appreciation, have often adopted the sen-
timent of Keplar, who said: "My work is done;
it can well wait a century for its readers, since
God waited full six thousand years before there
came a man capable of comprehending and admir-
ing His work." Now and then, however, genius
is so practical, and its fruits contrast so brilliantly
with what has preceded, that it compels almost
instantaneous recognition and homage, and
among the fortunate possessors of the latter class
was the subject of this article, the late Treat T.
Prosser.

The Prossers are of Welsh descent, but the
Treats, from whom Mr. Prosser was descended
on the maternal side, were English. The first
ancestors of the former family to come to America
were two brothers, who came from Wales some
time prior to the Revolutionary War, in which
supreme contest two of their descendants partici-
pated, and one met his death. The family lived
on Prosser Hill, just outside of Boston, and it
was in the Prosser barn that the members of the
historic Boston "tea party" disguised themselves
as Indians, previous to throwing the tea over-
board into Boston Harbor. Grandfather John
Prosser was one of the two members of the family
mentioned previously as having served in the
struggle with the Mother Country. He married
Bethia Truesdale, daughter of a Connecticut phy-
sician, and had eight sons and one daughter.

Of these children, Potter A. Prosser, the father
of Treat T., married Eliza, a daughter of Timo-
thy Treat, whose son, a physician, became famous
through the services he rendered during the
great cholera epidemic. The Treat family came
from Pitminster, Somerset, England. Richard
Treat was baptized in 1584. Among the prom-
inent descendants are Gov. Robert Treat, and
Rev. Samuel Treat, of Pitminster. The father's
birth occurred August n, 1793, and the mother

T. T. PROSSER.

was born March 29, 1798. Their marriage was
solemnized on the 5th of November, 1818, and
of their union were born five children. The
mother, a woman of many domestic virtues and
lovable traits of character, died at the compara-
tively early age of fifty-five years, but the father
lived to the great age of ninety-six.

Treat T. Prosser was born in the little town of
Avon, New York, January 22, 1827. His youth
and early manhood were passed in his native
State, and his early education was received in its
common schools. After reaching his majority he
attended the academy at West Avon, feeling the
need of a more thorough school training before
starting out to earn his own way in life. Always
handy in the use of tools, at the early age of
fourteen he had been engaged at the trade of a
millwright, in which he soon became a proficient
workman. But while his hands were busily
engaged at this work, his thoughts were wander-
ing out upon the whole broad domain of mechan-
ical science, and his studies at the academy were
for the purpose of fitting himself for the career to
which all his talents and his inclinations urged
him.

From the young millwright developed an
inventor of agricultural implements of great
value; of a superior system of machinery for the
manufacture of bolts; of universally recognized
improvements upon steam engines; of a practical
and widely used machine for pegging boots; of
coal machinery; of the Prosser Cylinder Car, and
of many other mechanical devices, which either
are now, or will become in the future, of great
benefit to mankind. He drew the plans for the
Chicago Hydraulic Company, which built the
first water-works system in Chicago.

In 1851 Mr. Prosser came to Chicago, and the
wisdom of his choice of a location was demon-
strated long ago. No other city has ever opened
such welcoming arms to men of genius as has
she, nor out of her own prosperity rewarded them
so bountifully. The great fireof 1871 found him
among its victims, and he lost the greater part of
the accumulations of years; but financial loss is
one of the minor evils to a man who has within
himself the. power to mould, in a great measure,

his own destiny, and is no mere inert mass, lying
helpless under the buffetings of the winds of ill-
fortune. The energy which was one of the
marked points in his character asserted itself, and
his days were ended in the prosperity he deserved.

From 1851 until the date of his death, Decem-
ber n, 1895, Mr. Prosser made Chicago his home,
with the exception of two years spent in the
Rocky Mountains, six years in Boston, and a
short vacation spent in Europe. He was the first
man to introduce the steam engine and the
quartz-mill into the Rockies, the engine being
constructed of material shipped from the East, the
boiler being literally built in that wild region.
While in Europe he was elected a member of the
Society of Mechanics of England and Scotland,
an honor which speaks of his high merits as a
mechanical engineer.

In West Bloomfield, New York, September 26,
1849, Mr. Prosser married Miss Lucy J. Phillips,
and of their union two children were born:
Henry Blinn Prosser, of Chicago; and Mary
Augusta, wife of Oscar E. Poole, of Lakeside,
Illinois. Mrs. Prosser was the daughter of Isaac
Webster Phillips, a relative of the famous Web-
ster family, his mother being a sister of Noah
Webster's father. Isaac Phillips was a native of
Hartford, Connecticut, but removed to West
Bloomfield, where he served as Justice of the
Peace, and was commonly known as Judge Phil-
lips. He came to Chicago late in life, and died
at the home of Mrs. Prosser, at the age of sev-
enty-two years. His wife, whose maiden name
was Laura Miller, reached the advanced age of
ninety-two years.

Closely wedded to his profession , Mr. Prosser
generally refused the responsibilities of official
positions, but made an exception to this rule after
the Great Fire, when he acted as superintendent
of the distribution of food to the destitute in
Districts Four and Five. These duties he filled
in an energetic and impartial manner, which
accorded well with the other actions of his well-
spent life. In his politics he voted with the
Republican party.

Oscar E. Poole, who married Mr. Prosser 's only
daughter, was born January 18, 1857, * n Will

J. W. LARIMORE.

County, Illinois, and is a son of Ezra and Eliza
Treat Poole, pioneers in Will County, where they
settled in 1850. He received his principal educa-
tion in Joliet, where his guardian lived. His
father died when he was but one and a-half years
old, and his mother died when he was ten
years old. His boyhood was spent in Joliet.
At the age of eighteen years he became a clerk in
his uncle's store, and three years later became a
partner. At the age of twenty-two he entered the
employ of the State, in the capacity of storekeeper

at the State Penitentiary, remaining a number of
years in that position. From there he went to
Chicago, where he first started a milk business
and then became a traveling salesman for Kinney
& Company, and, later, their manager. He finally
bought out the business, and it is now conducted
under the name of Poole & Company. Mr. Poole
was married, February 27, 1885, to Miss Mary
Augusta Prosser, who is the mother of four
children now living: Edward Prosser, Helen
Irene, Lucy Eliza and Malcolm Alan Poole.

PROF. JAMES W. LARIMORE.

(TAMES WILSON LARIMORE, who died
I suddenly of heart failure at his home in Chi-
G) cago, May 30, 1894, was for many years
prominent in the literary, social and religious
work of the city. He was born in Steubenville,
Ohio, May 6, 1834, and was a son of Joseph and
Mary Jane (Wilson) Larimore, both also natives
of that place. The earliest progenitors of the
family known were French Huguenots, who fled
from their native land after the cruel revocation
of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV., locating
in Scotland. There the name was difficult of
pronunciation on the Scotch tongue, and from
"Laird o' the Moor," the name gradually came
to its present form.

The first settlement of the family in Amer-
ica was made in Chester County, Pennsyl-
vania, where David Larimore, grandfather of
the subject of this sketch, was born March 31,
1782. For many generations the Larimores had
been distinguished for literary tastes and attain-
ments, and David Larimore was no exception to
the rule. He was a man of affairs, and conserved

the family estates, which were considerable. He
died at Norristown, Pennsylvania, March 16,
1857, having almost completed his seventy-fifth
year.

James Wilson, father of Mrs. Mary J. Lari-
more, came of a Scotch-Irish family, which has
borne a prominent part in the literary and social
life of the United States, furnishing many not-
able statesmen, attorneys and generals to the
Nation. This family is also a strong factor in
the literary life of America, and Professor Lari-
more inherited talents from both lines of ances-
tors.

The youth of the latter was spent at Niles,
Michigan, whither his parents removed when he
was two years old. He early manifested a fond-
ness for books, and most of his life up to the age
of twenty-six years was spent in school. He
was sent, in 1852, to Olivet Institute, in Eaton
County, Michigan. Having an uncle in the
faculty of the Hampton and Sidney College in
southern Virginia, he was induced to go there.
He remained some time, but the climate did not

J. W. LARIMORE.

agree with him. Consequently, he decided to
finish his education at the North. He took a
course at the University of New York City, which
graduated him in the Class of 1860. He had a
thorough theological education, having spent a
year at Union Theological Seminary, later taking a
full course at Princeton Theological Seminary,
Princeton, New Jersey, preparatory to entering
the Presbyterian ministry. He preached most of
the time, supplying different churches during the
latter part of his theological studies, his first
regular ' 'call' ' being to one of the largest and
most important churches at that time in Albany,
New York, the Third Dutch Reformed. He had,
however, a decided preference for life in the grow-
ing West, and became pastor of the First Presbyte-
rian Church of Mount Pleasant, Iowa. Under his
able ministry, this soon became the largest so-
ciety of that denomination west of the Mississippi
River. In 1863 he accepted the Chaplaincy of
the Ninth Iowa Cavalry, at the earnest solicita-
tion of his particular friend, Adjutant-General
Baker, of Iowa, and at once went into the field
with the regiment, spending most of the time in
the Department of Little Rock, Arkansas, being
Post Chaplain at De Vails Bluff. Just before the
death of President Lincoln, in 1865, he was by
him brevetted Major, and also assigned to the
position of Hospital Chaplain in the regular
United States army. He resigned his position
at De Vails Bluff, as he had been ordered to re-
port for duty at Webster Hospital in Memphis,
Tennessee, in April, 1865. Owing to the uncer-
tainty of the mails, he did not receive his papers
until several days after the President's assassina-
tion.

At the close of the war Professor Larimore
came to Chicago, and in the fall of 1865 was
installed as pastor of the Seventh (now West-
minister) Presbyterian Church of this city, which
position he filled for something over two years.
In the mean time he did much literary work, and
for a period gave his exclusive attention to this
congenial labor. He developed a great aptitude for
journalism, and was offered the position of city
editor of the Chicago Evening Journal in the
spring of 1 87 1 , and accepted. He discharged the

duties of this responsible charge with marked
ability and success for three years.

On the fatal ninth of October, 1871, when
\h& Journal office was a ruin through the historic
"great fire," Mr. Larimore gave a characteristic
exhibition of energy and perseverance. With
the aid of the editor-in-chief, Hon. Andrew Shu-
man, an edition of the Journal was produced
on a hand press, which they secured in a job-of-
fice on the West Side; and with the flames
threatening to consume the building over their
heads, the paper was issued at the usual hour of
publication being the only representative of the
Chicago daily press put forth on that day.

The numerous writings and publications of
Professor Larimore had attracted the notice of
the University of Chicago, and in March, 1874,
he was elected to the professorship of physics in
that institution. In consequence of this, he re-
signed his connection with the Journal May 2
of that year. He did not, however, enter upon
the duties assigned him at the university, but
later on accepted a similar position at the Cook
County Normal School at Englewood. In Sep-
tember, 1878, he was elected teacher of physics
and chemistry at the North Division High
School of Chicago. He entered at once upon
his duties, and continued to fill the chair for
eleven consecutive years, with great credit to
himself and the school, making many devoted
friends among his pupils.

Before coming West Professor Larimore was
married, at Hudson, New York, to Miss Katie
Hoysradt, a beautiful and talented young lady,
who died in Chicago in 1865. Her remains, with
those of their two little boys, rest in the cemetery
at Niles, Michigan.

In 1867 he was again married, by Reverend
Doctors Humphrey and Harsha, to Miss Hattie
Stevens, of Chicago, the soprano singer of his
church choir. . She was born in Strykersville,
Wyoming County, New York, being the young-
est of the three daughters of the late Ira Stevens
of that town. In the year 1854, while she was a
small child, the family went to St. Charles, Kane
County, Illinois. Her father, a talented singer,
died very suddenly of cholera the day following

CHRISTOPHER JOHNSON.

their arrival, which was during the great epidemic
of that year. Her mother, Percy Talmage
Hotchkiss, a refined Christian lady, was born
near New Haven, Connecticut. She died in
April, 1888, leaving her six children, and many
friends, to mourn her loss.

Mrs. Larimore received her education in the
high school at St. Charles, finishing it in Chi-
cago, where the greater part of her life has been
spent. Possessing marked musical talent, she
devoted most of her time to its development,
which brought her some distinction. At one
time, while a young lady, she was urgently
solicited to enter upon an operatic career. She
was turned from that course by conscientious
scruples. Aside from her musical talent, she is
a lady of much culture and pleasing personality,
and was ever a true helpmeet and companion
to her talented husband in all his labors. Three
bright children were given to Mr. and Mrs. Lari-
more, all of whom are now deceased. Hattie
Gertrude, the eldest, passed away at the age ot
two years. Paul, a promising lad, reached the

age of ten years, and was the subject of a most
touching and beautiful obituary from the pen of
Dr. Nixon, of the Inter Ocean. Blanche died in
infancy. The remains of the husband and father
and their three children lie buried at Rose Hill.
During his ministry in Chicago, Professor
Larimore preached many quite noted sermons,
one of the most marked being what was called by
the daily papers his "Crosby Opera House ser-
mon." He also preached the sermon at the in-
stallation of the late Professor David Sw^ng, who
was loved by so large a number of the leading
citizens of Chicago. At the time of his death
these two ministers were the only surviving mem-
bers of the original Presbytery of the city. Pro-
fessor Larimore was ever active in good works,
always having the welfare of his kind at heart,
but ' 'God's finger touched him and he slept. ' ' The
following lines express but feebly the high opinion
in which he was held by his friends:

"To know him was to love him,
None named him but to praise."

CAPT. CHRISTOPHER JOHNSON.

EAPT. CHRISTOPHER JOHNSON, one of
the old landmarks of Chicago, who arrived
in this city as long ago as 1838, was a native
of the little kingdom of Denmark, and was born
near Copenhagen, October 3, 1819, his parents
being natives of the same locality. His father was
killed by an accident before Christopher was a year
old, and the latter was bound out to a farmer on the
island of Als. Imbued with the strong love of
the sea which has filled so many of his country-
men and made them famous as sailors the world
over, at the early age of fourteen years he shipped
at Sonderburg, Denmark, on board an ocean

vessel, and within the next two or three years
had sailed around the globe. In the winter of
1837 he found himself in the city of New Orleans,
and, having long desired to verify the statements
he had heard of the advantages America offered
to industrious, enterprising youth of all nations,
he left his ship, and started for the heart of the
country. Aftei reaching St. Louis, he went to
Peoria, in this State, whence, by means of a hired
team, he reached this city.

Mr. Johnson's employment after reaching what
was then the muddy little village at the mouth
of the Chicago River was as a member of a survey-

CHRISTOPHER JOHNSON.

ing party; but he served thus only a short time,
and soon after sought the more familiar and con-
genial life of a sailor on the Great Lakes. On
one occasion, while on a trip on one of the Lower
Lakes, on a vessel called the "Maria Hilliard,"
he was shipwrecked and met with other mishaps.
But on the whole fortune favored him; and after
a few years' service as a common sailor, he was
able to buy a small schooner, the "Helena," and
took charge of her as captain. In 1849, while
coming with a cargo of bricks from Little Fort,
near Kenosha, the "Helena" was sunk near the
Rush Street Bridge. On her voyage to Chicago,
she had sprung a leak, but by the efforts of the
captain and crew, she had been kept afloat until
the city was reached. After raising his vessel,
Captain Johnson sailed her for some time longer,
but in 1853 concluded to give up sailing for good.
His life on the lakes had given him a pretty fair
insight into the lumber business, and in this he
embarked, remaining thus engaged until the
Great Fire, when, in common with innumerable
others, he lost almost his entire savings. Fort-
unately, however, he did not lose his residence,
which was then on the West Side. He was the
owner of a farm at Lemont, and he moved his
family there for a time. His handsome new
farmhouse was destroyed by fire two years later,
and he built another.

Captain Johnson had married in 1849, and for
the next twelve years he reared his children on
the farm. He retained the real estate he had
owned in Chicago previous to the fire, and had
added to it, and at the end of the twelve years he
removed his wife and family to the city, finding
here greater scope for himself and promise of
future occupation for his sons. His property
interests increased to such an extent that his time
was fully taken up in managing his private
affairs, and he never entered any other business.
During all his life in Chicago he lived on the
North Side, where he was universally known
and popular with all. He built his first home on
the corner of Ohio and Market Streets, a spot
which he then considered the most prepossessing
in the city. His objection to the South Side was
due to its mud, that portion of the city being

almost impassable in the early days on account of
its level. At one time he intended to buy the
land on which the Briggs House now stands, but
after considerable deliberation concluded the site
was too muddy, a succession of mud holes having
to be crossed to reach it.

Captain Johnson's widow, who yet survives,
was previous to her marriage Miss Emily Ray-
mond, a daughter of John and Louise Raymond.
She is a native of Copenhagen, and was born
September i, 1833. At the age of ten years she
came to America with her father, who was a ship-
carpenter. He followed the lakes until his death,
which resulted from an accident he met with while
in the pursuit of his calling, being caught and
crushed between two ships. His death occurred
some months later, at the age of forty-five years,
August ii, 1853. Mrs. Johnson's marriage
occurred in Du Page County, this State, near
Naperville, December 9, 1849, and resulted in
the birth of thirteen children, of whom the fol-
lowing are living: Maria Louise, Mrs. A. Nelson,
of Chicago; Lena Amelia, Mrs. John S. Lee, of
Lemont; Evelyn, Mrs. D. T. Elston, of Chicago;
Henry W., living in Socorro, New Mexico; Benja-
min Franklin, of Pomeroy, Washington; Charles
Christopher and George W. Johnson, of this city.

In politics Captain Johnson was an ardent sup-
porter of the Republican party, and his party's
candidates were never defeated by his failure to
do his duty at the polls. During the early years
of the Civil War he served as Collector of the
North Town, but a naturally retiring and modest
disposition kept him from ever being conspic-
uous in politics. In religious faith he accorded
with the Lutheran Church. The respect in
which he was held was shown at the time of his
death, which occurred September 28, 1895, within
a week of his seventy-sixth birthday anniversary.
He had been an enthusiastic member of Cleveland
Lodge of the Chicago Freemasons, in which he
was initiated June n, passed July 7, and raised
October 13, 1859, and his fellow Masons attended
his funeral in a body. His early life had been
full of incident and adventure, but his later years
found him quietly fulfilling the duties of a self-
respecting, honorable life.

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

H. L. STEWART.

HART L. STEWART.

EN. HART LE LAC STEWART, who was
very prominent in the development of Mich-
igan and Illinois, a participator in the Black
Hawk War, and a leading citizen of Chicago for a
generation, came of the sturdy stock which paved
the way for and was active in the civilization of
many of the eastern States of this country. He
was born in Bridgewater, Oneida County, New
York, August 29, 1803, and died in Chicago May
23, 1882.

The name indicates the Scotch origin of his
ancestry, but the date of their transplanting to
America is not known. From the recollections
of General Stewart, published by him at the re-
quest of his family, it is learned that his grand-
parents, Samuel Stewart and Patience Hunger-
ford, lived in Tolland County, Connecticut. The
latter was, undoubtedly, of English lineage.
She died many years before her husband, who
passed away in 1816, at the age of eighty-two
years. They had nine children, and the second,
William, was the father of the subject of this
biography.

William Stewart was born in 1772, in Con-
necticut, and was an early settler in the Territory
of Michigan. He was a soldier in the War of
1812, and also served in the militia regiment, com-
manded by his son, which went from Michigan
to aid in suppressing the Indians under Black
Hawk in 1832. He was married at Mansfield,
Windham County, Connecticut, in 1795, to Miss
Validia Turner, eighth of the ten children of
Timothy and Rachel (Carpenter) Turner, of
Mansfield. Timothy Turner was born August
18, 1757, in Willington, Connecticut, which was
also the native place of his wife. The latter died
in Mansfield Center, Windham County, Con-

necticut, June 22, 1799. They were married
August 20, 1776. Timothy Turner was a soldier
of the Revolution, serving in the "Lexington
Alarm Party" from Mansfield, Connecticut. He
was the son of Stephen, third and youngest son
of Isaac Turner, born in Bedford, Massachusetts,
whose father came from England. Rachel Car-
penter's parents were James and Irene (Ladd)
Carpenter. The former was a son of Ebenezer
Carpenter and Eunice Thompson. Ebenezer,
born in Coventry, Connecticut, as was his son,
was the son of Benjamin Carpenter and Hannah,
daughter of Jedediah Strong. Benjamin was the
tenth child of William Carpenter and Priscilla
Bonette. The former was one of the four chil-
dren of William Carpenter, who came from South-
ampton, England, in the ship "Bevis" in 1638,
and settled in Rehoboth, Massachusetts. (See
biography of Benjamin Carpenter in this
volume. )

When Hart L. Stewart was twelve years old,
his father moved to Batavia, Genesee County,
New York, where he purchased land of the Hol-
land Land Company, and the son helped to clear
this ground of timber. When seventeen years old
the latter went into the office of David D. Brown,
at Batavia, to study law. At the end of a year
he was forced, by lack of means, to take some
remunerative employment, and after vainly seek-
ing a situation as school teacher, in which he
hoped to be able to continue his legal studies, he
engaged as clerk in a store in Oneida County
with an uncle. Through the recommendation of
the latter, at the end of a year he was employed
by a merchant named Blair in Rochester, New
York. After four months' service at Rochester,
he was sent by Mr. Blair to open a branch store

9 6

H. I,. STEWART.

at Lyons, New York, where he continued in
charge until the fall of 1822.

He now determined to engage in business on
his own account, and, securing the assistance of
his brother, George Stewart, opened a store at
Lockport, New York, where a successful trade
was carried on, they having the benefit of credit
with Mr. Blair and other Rochester merchants.
In 1823 Hart L,. Stewart took a sub-contract to
finish the work of Judge Bates on the Erie Canal,
which he completed, with a fair profit, the next
year. These facts indicate that the young man
had developed good business qualifications, which
attracted the favorable notice and assistance of
influential men.

Having now gained a practical experience in
canal construction, he sent his brother, Alanson
C. Stewart, who had become associated with him
in the mean time, to Cleveland, Ohio, in October,
1824, to secure a contract on the Ohio Canal.
Hart L,. had become engaged in the lumber busi-
ness at Niagara, New York, and continued it un-
til November, 1825, being at the same time in-
terested in the Ohio contract which his brother
secured. They next contracted to execute sec-
tions on the western end of the Pennsylvania
Canal, and in November, 1826, took the con-
tract to bore a tunnel for the canal on the Coue-
maugh River. This was finished in 1829, and
was the first tunnel of its kind in the United
States. Among those connected with the canal '
enterprise, they were known as the "boy con-
tractors," the elder brother but twenty-four years
old; but they were credited, and justly, with
superior practical knowledge. They were the
first to introduce the method of securing light by
means of reflecting mirrors placed at the mouths
of the tunnel. Work was prosecuted from both
ends, night and day, and its completion was re-
garded as one of the greatest achievements of the
age, and the subject of this notice was furnished
with some very flattering letters when he left
Pennsylvania.

Having made a considerable profit from his
contracts, he now resolved to invest some of it in
lands, before engaging in further ventures, and
with that end in view, took a trip of exploration

through Ohio, Indiana and Michigan, which oc-
cupied three months. He purchased about one
thousand acres on White Pigeon and Sturgis
Prairies, in St. Joseph County, Michigan.

Another plan which had for some time been
considered was now consummated, and on the
fifth of February, 1829, he was married to Miss
Hannah Blair McKibbin, of Franklin County,
Pennsylvania. In September of the same year
they set out for their new home in Michigan.
At the end of a six-weeks journey from Pitts-
burgh, they arrived at White Pigeon, November
7, 1829, and here a log cabin was erected. After
making further provisions for a home, young
Stewart went to Detroit and presented to Gov-
ernor Lewis Cass his letters of introduction.
These were from Governor Porter, Senators
Blair and Lacock, Judge William Wilkins and
James S. Stevenson, President of the Canal Board,
of Pennsylvania, all of whom Governor Cass
characterized as his personal friends.

In the spring of 1830 the Governor sent to Mr.
Stewart a commission as Colonel of Militia, and
a year later appointed him one of the commis-
sioners to locate the county seats of St. Joseph
and Cass Counties. At this time, the entire
population of Michigan, including Detroit, the
chief city of the West, numbered but a few thou-
sand whites. Through the influence of Colonel
Stewart, a post route was established by the
Government to supply the few scattered settle-
ments extending from Detroit toward Chicago.
The two Stewart brothers before named were the
contractors for carrying the mails once in two
weeks, which was accomplished on horseback,
over a region where one hundred tons are now
carried daily. Hart L. Stewart was made Post-
master at Mottville, with the franking privilege,
and his own letters and papers constituted the bulk
of the mail at his office. In 1832 he was appointed
Judge of the County Court by Governor Porter,
and the next year he was commissioned Circuit
Judge, in which capacity he officiated the next
three years.

In 1836 Judge Stewart was elected a member
of the Second Constitutional Convention, which
was called to fix the southern boundary of the

H. L. STEWART.

State of Michigan to correspond with the line as
established when Indiana and Ohio were ad-
mitted to the Union. By this convention he was
sent to Washington to secure, if possible, the ad-
mission of the State with boundary as established
by the ordinance ceding the Northwest Territory
to the United States, and including Michigan
City and Maumee City. That he did not suc-
ceed is a matter of history, but the State secured,
in offset, all of what is now known as the North-
ern Peninsula of Michigan. On this mission
Judge Stewart formed the acquaintance of many
of the leading men of the Nation at that time.

On his return home, Judge Stewart found that
the Legislature had chosen him Commissioner of
Internal Improvements, and in this capacity he
took charge of the survey of the St. Joseph River
for slack- water navigation, and also of the Central
Railroad. The latter was partially built by the
State, and then turned over to the Michigan Cen-
tral Railroad Company. In 1838 he received the
commission of Brigadier-General, commanding
the Fourteenth Brigade, Michigan Militia. When
the Indians, under Black Hawk, threatened to kill
or drive out the settlers in northern Illinois and
southern Wisconsin, the Government requested
the Governor of Michigan to send volunteers to
the rescue. General Stewart was ordered by
Governor Porter to raise a regiment as soon as
possible, and this was found an easy tas,k, as
volunteers, from the age of sixteen to sixty, were
numerous. The service lasted about six months,
and Colonel Stewart's regiment included his
brothers, A. C. Stewart, as Commander of a com-
pany; Samuel M. Stewart, as Lieutenant of an-
other; besides two other brothers and his father
as volunteers. The latter was especially valuable
as a drill master, on account of his previous serv-
ice in the War of 1812. He was now sixty years
of age.

In June, 1836, General Stewart attended the
letting of the construction contracts on the Illinois
& Michigan Canal, and contracted for a large
amount of deep-rock work near Lockport. He
had as partners A. S. Stewart, Lorenzo P. Sanger,
James Y. Sanger, and others, who took personal
charge of the work, while he continued in charge

of his personal and official interests in Michigan.
In 1840 the inability of the State to meet its
financial obligations compelled the contractors to
abandon the work, at great loss, and ruin in
many cases. About this time General Stewart
took up his residence in Chicago, and in 1842
he was elected a member of the Legislature, and
was active in securing the acceptance of the for-
eign bondholders' proposition to complete the
canal. None of the contractors had ever received
anything for their losses previous to that time.
While on a trip to Canada to secure workmen for
the canal in 1839, General Stewart was placed
in arrest, under the impression that he was a spy
in the interest of the "Patriot War. " Through
the influence of friends, his mission was made
known to the Canadian authorities, and he was
discharged and furnished every facility for carry-
ing out his business. From 1845 to 1849, under
the administration of President Polk, General
Stewart served as Postmaster at Chicago, being
the first presidential appointee in that office.

He now turned his attention to railroad con-
struction, and became interested in some of the
largest contracts ever given in the West to a
single firm. The history of these undertakings
is fully related in this volume in the biography
of James Y. Sanger, who was associated with
General Stewart in this work, and need not be
repeated here. During the progress of their
work, in partnership with several others, they
became proprietors of the Rhode Island Central
Bank, and this, in common with many others,
was wrecked by the financial upheaval of 1857,
though its proprietors were enabled to close up its
affairs honorabl)- and with little loss to them-
selves.

General Stewart became a member of the
Masonic fraternity in 1824, and subsequently
took all the chapter and encampment degrees
and several others. In political sentiment, he was
a Democrat. He was one of the few brave spirits
who stood with Stephen A. Douglas at North
Market Hall, on the evening of September i,
1854, when a mob of political opponents refused
to let the "Little Giant" be heard, and even
threatened him with bodily harm. In religious

9 8

J. H. RICE.

faith, General Stewart was a true "neighbor," a
Presbyterian, and for forty years rarely failed to
listen to Rev. Dr. Patterson's sermons in the
Second Presbyterian Church of Chicago. He
was an able leader, quiet and gentle in his man-
ners, sociable and genial, making his home a
happy place for the frequent reunions of a large
and interesting circle of friends.

On the i2th of February, 1849, authority was
granted by the State to five individuals, one of
whom was Hart L. Stewart, to incorporate the
Chicago Gas Light and Coke Company, which
was granted the exclusive right to supply gas to
the city of Chicago for ten years. Before the
close of the next year, the streets of the city and
many private buildings were for the first time
illuminated by gaslight. In 1857 General Stew-
art was Vice-President of the Great Western In-
surance Company, with a capital of half a million
dollars, and office at No. 160 South Water Street.
The Stewart Building, at the northwest corner of
State and Washington Streets (which was torn
down in 1896, to make way for one of Chicago's
famous high office buildings), was the fourth
structure erected by General Stewart on that
spot the first one having been for many years
his family home.

Hannah Blair McKibbin, wife of General
Stewart, was descended from old and honorable
families. Her maternal grandfather, William
Nelson, was a brother of the famous Admiral
Horatio Nelson, the hero of Trafalgar. His wife

was Mary Harvey, and their children were Will-
iam, James and Mary Esther. William Nelson,
senior, died in 1803, at which time his daughter
was about fifteen years old. She married Col.
James McKibbin, of Franklin "County, Penn-
sylvania, and their eldest daughter, Hannah B.,
became the wife of General Stewart, as before re-
lated, and the mother of the following children:
Mary Esther, Frances Validia, Amelia Mott,
Catherine E. , Jane, Anna Waldo, Hannah McKib-
bin and Helen Wolcott. The first married Henry
A. Clark in 1850, and both are now deceased,
being survived by a son, Stewart Clark, of Chi-
cago. The second died at St. Louis, Missouri,
while the wife of Watson Matthews, leaving one
child, Fannie V. Matthews. Amelia and Cath-
erine died in childhood. Jane Stewart married
John C. Patterson, and died in 1875, leaving a
son, Stewart Patterson. Hannah McKibbin is
the wife of George Sydney Williams, of Chicago.
The youngest is the wife of Lorenzo M. Johnson,
manager of the Mexican International Railroad.
Mary C. McKibbin, sister of Mrs. Stewart,
married James Y. Sanger, whom she survives,
and is among the most interesting surviving
pioneers of Illinois. She is spoken of by General
Stewart as the "Daughter of the Regiment,"
during the campaign against Black Hawk. She
was then a miss of fourteen years, and ready to
ride on any expedition, carrying dispatches and
otherwise aiding in conveying information.

JAMES H. RICE.

(TAMES HARLOW RICE, one of the oldest
I and most highly respected business men of
(*/ Chicago, passed away at his home on Michi-
gan Avenue, in that city, February 6, 1896.
He was born in Tompkins County, New York,
in 1830. His parents, Asa and Polly (Reed)
Rice, were natives of Massachusetts, and settled

in New York in 1811, shortly after their mar-
riage. Asa Rice was a prosperous farmer, well
known and esteemed for his great moral worth.
Both he and his wife were members of the Meth-
odist Church and active in good works. They
attained a venerable age, the former dying when
eighty years old, and the latter at seventy-five.

E. W. EVANS.

Mr. Rice was an "old-line" Whig, and in later
life became a Republican. His nine children
reached mature years, and three came West,
namely, Henry, Columbus T. and James H.
Rice. The first two are now residents of Adair
County, Missouri. Columbus Titus Rice came
with his brother to Chicago in June, 1854, and
proceeded to Missouri four years later, and has
resided there ever since. In early life he was a
carpenter, and worked at that occupation while a
resident of Chicago. On going to Missouri he
engaged in farming, but is now retired from act-
ive life. He was married in New York in 1855
to Miss Catherine Wickoff, who is still his com-
panion on life's journey. They are the parents
of six children, namely: Edward, Flora, Mary,
Elizabeth, Charles, Augusta and James.

James H. Rice was also a carpenter, and very
early after arriving in Chicago began contract-
ing for the erection of buildings. Among the
structures erected by him were the old Tremont
House and the Commercial Hotel. He built the
first structure put up after the fire of 1871, which
was located on Quincy Place. From 1856 to
1878 he was associated in this business with Mr.
Ira Foote, with whom he was acquainted in early
life in New York.

In 1872 he engaged in the plate and window-
glass trade, and built up an extensive and pros-
perous business. This passed into the control of
an incorporated company, known as the James
H. Rice Company, of which he was President.
He also became President of the Stewart Estep
Glass Company, which engaged in the manu-

facture of glass at Marion, Indiana. Both these
institutions were flourishing at the time of his
death. In trade circles for years he had been a
leader, and his counsel had ever been sought and
his sterling qualities of mind and heart thor-
oughly appreciated. Among Mr. Rice's personal
friends was the late Cyrus H. McCormick, for
whom he did much work during his building ca-
reer. He was widely known during the early
days in Chicago, and was esteemed and respected
by all classes of citizens.

In 1876 he was married to Miss Margaret Su-
san Gilliland, a native of Ohio, at that time a
resident of Perry, Iowa. She died February 4,
1896. During the last eighteen years of her life
she had been an invalid. In life they were to-
gether and in death not divided. No children
blessed their union, but his wife was ever to him
his child and care, and his devotion in this rela-
tion was most beautiful. The double funeral
from their late home was conducted by Rev. J. L.
Withrow, a personal friend of Mr. Rice, with
whom he was for some time associated on the
Board of Directors of the Presbyterian Hospital.
He spoke feelingly of the man and woman and
their works, aims and ideas. The remains were
laid away in Oakwoods Cemetery, the active
pallbearers being workmen in the employ of the
James H. Rice Company. By Mr. Rice his em-
ployes were ever considered as his "boys." Some
of these "boys" are men, aged and gray, who
had been in his service for a quarter of a century,
and all of them will miss his kindly, genial
presence.

ENOCH W. EVANS.

ITNOCH WEBSTER EVANS, who for a
Ky score of years ranked as a leading member
L_ of the Chicago Bar, was born at Fryeburg,
Maine, in 1817, and died in Chicago, September
2, 1879. He was one of eleven children born to

Capt. William and Anna Evans, further notice
of whom will be found elsewhere in this volume,
in connection with the biography of Dr. Moses
Evans.

Enoch W. Evans received his early education

IOO

JOHN DICKINSON.

at Fryeburg Academy and Waterville College,
in his native State. Later he went to Dartmouth
College, where he pursued a classical course, and
graduated with the Class of 1838. He then en-
gaged in teaching at Hopkinton, New Hamp-
shire, and simultaneously began to read law in
the office of Judge Chase, a noted jurist of that
State.

In 1840 Mr. Evans came to Chicago, where he
was admitted to the Bar during the same year,
soon after removing to Dixon's Ferry, Illinois,
remaining at that place two or three years.
Thence he went to Kenosha, Wisconsin, where
he practiced his profession until 1858. At that
date he again located in Chicago, and was en-
gaged in general practice in this city up to the
time of his death. During this time he tried
many important cases, which he managed with
marked ability, gaining a numerous and profit-
able clientage.

On the i6th of September, 1846, Mr. Evans
was married, Miss Caroline Hyde, of Darien,
New York, becoming his wife. Mrs. Evans, who
is a daughter of James Hyde, still survives, at
the venerable age of seventy-four years, making
her home in Chicago. She is the mother of four
living children: William W., a prosperous at-
torney at Chicago; Lewis H., a civil engineer, at
present connected with the track elevation of the
Chicago & Northwestern Railway in Chicago;
Carrie, Mrs. William L. Adams, and Mary W.,
the two latter also residents of Chicago.

Mr. Evans was a gentleman of quiet, un-
ostentatious habits, and gave but little heed to
public affairs. He confined his labors and at-
tention almost exclusively to professional sub-
jects, and achieved an enviable standing among
his contemporaries, which justly entitles this
brief record of his life to a place among the annals
of his adopted home.

JOHN DICKINSON.

(JOHN DICKINSON, a highly successful
I operator upon the Chicago Board of Trade,
Q) residing at Evanston, was born in the his-
toric old town of Deerfield, Massachusetts, No-
vember 21, 1855, and is a son of Philander P.
and Mary A. (Feeney) Dickinson.

The Dickinsons were among the earliest
Colonial families of Massachusetts. Philander
R. Dickinson, the grandfather of the subject of
this notice, was a wholesale and retail shoe
dealer in New York City for many years. He
attained the great age of ninety-eight years, dy-
ing at Springfield Massachusetts.

Philander P. Dickinson became an extensive
manufacturer of brooms at Springfield, and had
at one time the largest factory in that State. This
establishment was destroyed by fire, inflicting
upon Mr. Dickinson a financial loss which he
was never able wholly to retrieve. In 1860
he removed to Iowa, locating first at Claremont,

and settling later at McGregor. At the latter
point he again engaged in the manufacture of
brooms, and built up a fair business On account
of failing health, he retired from active business
about 1865, and returned to the East. The last
ten years of his life were passed at Norwalk,
Florida, where he died in 1884, at the age of
sixty-nine years. He was a member of the
Baptist Church, and a steadfast Republican.

Mrs. Mary A. Dickinson died at Evanston in
1878, aged forty-nine years. She was born in
New York City, her parents being of Irish de-
scent. Her father was a wholesale shoe mer-
chant in that city. She was a member of the
Baptist Church. Her children are named and
reside as follows: Millie D., Mrs. Julius Ball,
Montague, Massachusetts; Mary J., and Delia,
wife of F. H. Bennett, Chicago; John, Evanston;
Hattie M., Denver, Colorado.

John Dickinson was a small boy when the fam-

BENJAMIN SHURTLEFF.

101

ily came West, and he received his education at
the Evanston High School. He began his busi-
ness career in a furniture store, and established
himself in business as a shoe dealer at Evanston,
with success. In 1879 he sold out and joined the
Chicago Board of Trade, with which he has ever
since been identified. He was among the younger
members of that body, but soon demonstrated
his capability and soundness, and has won the
confidence and esteem of the entire membership.
He handles all kinds of grain and provisions, as
well as stocks and bonds and other paper securi-
ties, on his own account, and has met with al-
most uniform success. His profits have been
largely invested in real estate at Hammond,
Indiana, and in Florida timber lands and orange
groves.

Mr. Dickinson was married, November 25,
1875, to Miss Mary Alice Johnson, daughter of
Anthony Johnson and Catherine (Ganer) John-

son. Mrs. Dickinson was born at Port Jervis,
New York, where her father was connected with
important railroad interests for some years. Mr.
Dickinson is identified with the First Methodist
Church of Evanston. He is a man of domestic
tastes, and devotes little time to social recreations.
He supports the Republican party, whose policy
he believes to be in the interest of good govern-
ment and the commercial prosperity of the
country.

In 1889 he built an elegant residence at the
northwest corner of Asbury Avenue and Church
Street, Evanston, which is surrounded by one of
the handsomest and best- kept lawns in Cook
County. In short, the home of Mr. and Mrs.
Dickinson, throughout its exterior and interior
appointments, bespeaks the refined tastes and
cultivated instincts by means of which, only,
such an establishment can be designed and main-
tained.

BENJAMIN SHURTLEFF.

gENJAMIN SHURTLEFF, one of the found-
ers of Lake View, whose identity is rapidly
becoming lost in the vast city of Chicago, is
still a resident of that former suburb, and affords
an excellent type of the pioneers of the metrop-
olis of the West. He was born in Ernesttown,
Lennox County, Ontario, July 19, 1812. His
ancestors were English, and were very loyal
subjects of the British crown. The first one in
the American colonies settled in Massachusetts,
whence Lemuel Shurtleff, grandfather of the
subject of this notice, removed to Canada at the
beginning of the American Revolution. He
settled in Ernesttown, Lennox County, Ontario,
where he engaged in farming, reared a large
family, and reached a good old age. He had
three sons, Seldon, Jacob and Gideon.

The last-named passed his life in Canada,
exceeding the age of eighty years, and was a
farmer. He was a quiet, faithful Christian,

devoted to the Methodist Church, and the welfare
of his fellow-men was dear to his heart. His
wife, Mary Ward, probably of Irish descent, was a
tender and true wife and mother, and, like himself,
a faithful member of the Methodist Church. She
died at the age of sixty-two years. Of their
twelve children, eleven grew to maturity, and
three of the sons became residents of the United
States. Their names were Samuel, Jacob, Gid-
eon, Lemuel, Benjamin, Miles, John, Polly, Amy,
Lydia and Amanda. Lemuel was an able me-
chanic, and built some of the large iron mills at
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, at which place he died.
Miles was admitted to the Bar in New York, and
became interested in the manufacture of iron at
Rochester, New York, for many years.

Benjamin ShurtlefF passed the first eighteen
years of his life on the home farm, receiving such
intellectual training as was afforded by the dis-
trict schools and good home surroundings. At

102

BENJAMIN SHURTLEFF.

the age of eighteen years he began learning the
joiner's trade, of which he became master. In
1837 he joined his brother in Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania, and was associated with him in erecting
large manufacturing plants there. Among these
may be mentioned the immense iron mills of
Spang, Chalfant & Company at J3tna, and
the rolling mills of Louis Dalzell & Company
at Sharpsburgh, another suburb of Pittsburgh.
Among his fellow-workmen was Mr. C. K. Gar-
rison, since one of the most successful business
men and capitalists of that city, who was regarded
by Mr. Shurtleff as one of the brightest business
men he ever met. Twelve years of industrious
application there gave Mr. Shurtleff a small cap-
ital, which he resolved to invest in a newer place,
and he set out for Chicago.

Arriving here in 1851, he immediately made
investments in real property, which his foresight
told him was sure to appreciate greatly in value.
He secured twenty acres in Lake View Town-
ship, beside three twenty-acre tracts in section
33, town 39 north, range 14, most of which has
been subdivided and sold off. Shurtleff s Addi-
tion was one of the most valuable and well-known
subdivisions on the old maps, and he now has
valuable property on the South Side of the city.
His present possessions include about ten acres
of the most valuable land in the city, including
many improved lots in the vicinity of his home,
on Oakdale Avenue. In 1870 he built six sub-
stantial houses on the corner of Fremont and Oak-
dale Avenues, which were beyond the ravages
of the great fire of the next year and became
immediately profitable.

May 5, 1853, at Sharpsburgh, Pennsylvania,
Mr. Shurtleff was married to Miss Lucinda J.
Sewell, daughter of James H. Sewell, an old
resident of Pittsburgh. Judge James Sewell, a
well-known character of that city, was a brother
of Mrs. Shurtleff. Mrs. Shurtleff was bom in
Baltimore, Maryland, and died January 10, 1856,
in the prime of young womanhood, being but
twenty-seven years old at the time of her death.
She left a daughter, Lucy J., who was reared by
her aunt, Mrs. J. B. Roberts, well known in Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania, society. She was educated

at Ferry Hall Seminary, at Lake Forest, Illinois,
and Hellmuth College, London, Canada, and is
now the wife of Bruce M. Myers, of Chicago.
Subsequently, at Chicago, Mr. Shurtleff married
Mrs. Margaret A. Buker, who was born Sep-
tember 2, 1837, at Greenwood, Maine. She was
a daughter of Capt. Isaac P. Furlong, who was
a native of Maine, and commanded a company
in the War of 1812. His father took up the
first claim in the town of Greenwood, Oxford
County, Maine. Mrs. Shurtleff was a genial
companion to Mr. Shurtleff in every sense of the
word, and also a good business manager. She
was a woman possessed of more than ordinary
native ability, and esteemed for many good qual-
ities of head and heart. She passed away July
7, 1894, leaving two sons by her first marriage.
Harry Leslie Buker, who was educated principally
at the Schattuck Military School, Faribault,
Minnesota, is well known in musical circles in
Chicago, and was associated twelve years with
the Slay ton Lyceum Bureau of that city. The
other son, .William F. Buker, is an actor by pro-
fession and a resident of New York City.

Mr. Shurtleff was among the early members of
the old Fullerton Avenue Presbyterian Church of
Chicago, and has been a stanch supporter of the
political principles of the Republican party all his
life. In 1844 he voted for Henry Clay for Presi-
dent of the United States, and he was among the
promoters and organizers of the Republican party,
voting for Fremont in 1856. His has been a
quiet life of industry and attention to his private
affairs, with no seeking after public honors. He
has ever given of his time, influence and means
toward the promotion of any movement calculated
to further the general welfare, and his example
is commended to the careful attention of every
youth who hopes to make something of himself
in the business, social or moral world. His suc-
cess has not been the result of accident, but has
been built up by shrewd calculation, and the
prudent use of means acquired by the practice of
habits of industry and right living. He refused
his share of his father's estate, preferring it
should go to his sisters.

D. B. FONDA.

103

DAVID B. FONDA, M. D.

0AVID BARTHOLOMEW FONDA, M. D.,
is a representative of an old and prominent
Empire State family which settled in and
named the county-seat of Montgomery County,
New York. His grandfather, John Fonda, was
a native of Holland, and settled at a place called
Bogt, in Albany County, New York, where he
owned an estate comprising several thousand
acres. His only son, Henry Fonda, was born
there and inherited this estate. Most of his life
was passed at Watervliet, New York, where he
died at the age of sixty-six years, in June, 1841.
His wife, Rebecca Hall, was born at Mayfield,
Fulton County, New York, and died in August,
1840, at the age of fifty-six years. Henry Fonda
was somewhat active in political affairs, though
he never sought or accepted office for himself.

David B. Fonda was born November 6, 1834,
in Watervliet, Albany County, New York, where
he remained until he reached the age of sixteen
years. In his native township, at a place called
Elisha's Kill, he received his primary education,
completing the course of the upper school before
he was sixteen years old.

He was then appointed principal of the Second
District School of the Third Ward of Schenectady,
New York, where he taught one year. His first
teacher's certificate was granted by Jonathan
Pearson, professor of languages in Union Col-
lege, at Schenectady, and superintendent of the
public schools of that city. The scene of his
labors for the next four years was a place called

Lowell's Corners, where he taught in the joint
district embracing portions of the towns of Cherry
Valley and Seward, in the Counties of Schoharie
and Otsego. While teaching here he pursued a
private course in moral and mental philosophy,
and the Greek and Latin languages, under the
tutelage of Franklin Pierce, a cousin of the Presi-
dent who bore the same name. At the end of
this time he was prepared for matriculation at
Hartwick College, a Lutheran Theological institu-
tion.

It is evident from the progress made up to this
time that Mr. Fonda was a close student. By the
time he attained his majority he had occupied a
responsible position as teacher for a period of five
years. The hard work involved in these labors,
coupled with the diligent pursuit of his studies
preparatory to further advancement, made deep
inroads upon his physical strength, and a connec-
tion which he formed at this time changed his
plans and the entire course of his life. March 22,
1855, he was married to Miss Clarinda Lowell, a
descendant of the famous New England family of
that name, who was born at Lowell's Corners.
She was a daughter of Nyram Lowell.

In 1855, with his bride, Mr. Fonda removed to
Chicago. Having a relative who was in the
service of the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad,
he sought and secured employment as a brake-
man on this line for the sake of the outdoor
labor, and at the end of fourteen months spent in
this capacity, he found his health fully restored.

104

D. B. FONDA.

He then accepted a position as teacher at Rose-
hill, and began the pursuit of a medical course at
Rush Medical College. He attended lectures at
this institution during the two years beginning in
1859 an( i ending in 1861.

Early in 1862 he enlisted as a private soldier,
in Company C, Eighty-ninth Illinois Volunteer
Infantry known as the Railroad Regiment, being
composed entirely of railroad men. By the time
the regiment was mustered he was promoted to
Orderly Sergeant, and continued in service
through Kentucky with the Army of the Cumber-
land until the battle of Perryville. After this
engagement he was sent with a detail to escort an
ambulance train to Bardstown, Kentucky. On
his arrival there he found that he had been. ap-
pointed chief steward of the hospitals at that point.
He continued there until the latter part of 1863,
and became secretary of the medical corps, which
embraced eight army surgeons. When he entered
the army his weight was one hundred forty-
five pounds, but during his service it was re-
duced to ninety-four pounds, and through the
recommendation of the surgeons he was honorably
discharged on account of disability, although he
had never as yet asked for a release from duty.
On his return to Chicago he was prostrated by
a severe illness, which continued for a period of
three months.

Recovering his health, he again entered Rush
Medical College in 1864, and two years later com-
pleted the coarse. He subsequently entered
Bennett Medical College, from which he received
a diploma in 1878. In 1866 he began the practice
of medicine at Jefferson Park, and has continued
to reside there ever since. In 1867, without any
solicitation on his part, he was elected by the
County Board to the post of County Physician and
superintendent of the insane paupers sustained by
the county. Through his vigorous protest
against the mixture of insane with the other
wards of the county, the board was induced to
appropriate money for a building to be devoted
exclusively to the care of the insane. This was
begun in 1868, and on the first day of the year
1871 Dr. Fonda installed the patients in his charge
in their new quarters. At the end of four years'

service he retired and resumed his private practice
at Jefferson, in which he has since continued with
the ever-increasing confidence and respect of the
community.

Dr. Fonda has been somewhat active in the
conduct of local affairs, and the promotion of the
common welfare. In 1874 he was elected a mem-
ber of the village board of Jefferson, of which
body he was immediately made president and
continued four consecutive years in this position.
He was for many years health officer of the vil-
lage, which was co-extensive with the town of
Jefferson, until it was merged in the city of Chi-
cago, and was again a member of the village
board from 1884 until 1886. During the first
year of this service he was president of the board,
but refused that office during the second year, in
order that he might be active on the floor in the
discussion of many important movements then
pending. For many years he was County Phy-
sician in charge of the medical relief of the poor
outside of public institutions. In 1889, when
Jefferson was annexed to the city of Chicago, Dr.
Fonda was elected one of the first aldermen from
the twenty-seventh ward, and in the following
April he was re-elected and served two years.
In political matters he has always acted with the
Republican party, having allied himself with it
in 1856, and although he has sometimes voted
for individuals not on his party ticket, he has
ever remained true to its principles. In recent
years he has made numerous addresses on political
and economic subjects, which have been received
with much applause.

Dr. Fonda is still a member in good standing of
the Lutheran Church at Gardnersville, New York.
On a visit to the scenes of his early life, made in
the fall of 1897, he attended worship at this place,
where he met but one person that he had previ-
ously known. After an absence of forty years
this visit to his childhood home, although a very
pleasant one on the whole, was much saddened
by the absence of familiar faces. In the midst of
family connections numbering thousands, he was
still among strangers.

Dr. Fonda was for many years connected with
Hesperia Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted

L. J. HALSEY.

105

Masons, of Chicago, and was a charter member
of the first Masonic Lodge in Jefferson. He is
now connected with Wylie M. Egan Lodge,
Washington Chapter, Siloam Council, St. Ber-
nard Commandery, and Medinah Temple, of the
Mystic Shrine. He was for many years con-
nected with Home Lodge No. 416, Independent
Order of Odd Fellows, of Chicago, and is a mem-
ber of George H. Thomas Post No. 5, Grand

Army of the Republic. He is Grand Medical
Examiner of the Independent Order of Mutual Aid
of the State of Illinois.

Mrs. Fonda passed away in 1890, at the age of
fifty-five years, leaving one child, Carrie Azubah,
who resides with her father. Dr. Fonda is yet in
possession of sound health, and a vigorous intel-
lect, and has many years of usefulness both as a
citizen and physician before him.

REV. LEROY J. HALSEY.

REV. LEROY JONES HALSEY, D. D.,
LL. D. On the 28th day of January, A.
D. 1812, Leroy Jones Halsey was born in
Cartersville, Goochland County, Virginia, on the
banks of the James River, twelve miles from
Richmond, the first-born son of John and Lucy
(Tiller) Halsey. His paternal ancestry is traced
back through the Virginia and North Carolina
settlements to a New England stock of the date
of 1640. He was acquainted with the hardship
>f straitened circumstances in his early childhood.
When he was less than five years old his father
met with reverses by too generously becoming
liable for another man's debt. It deprived him
of his business and his home, and forced his emi-
gration to the far southwest to begin life anew.
He located at Huntsville, Alabama.

Leroy was always of a studious habit. He ac-
quired the rudiments of knowledge at home, and
from the few books and periodicals available he
had gained much information before he went to
school. At school learning was a pleasure to
him. Study was a delight, and this love of ap-
plication and research so early manifested was
characteristic of his entire collegiate and theo-
logical course, and remained with him through
life. The days spent in the classic shades of the
old Green Academy at Huntsville were among
the happiest of his youth.

At the age of nineteen he left his home in
Huntsville to enter the University of Nashville,
at Nashville, Tennessee, where he was matricu-
lated in the autumn of 1831, and entered the
junior class. His education had been begun and
was prosecuted from first to last with the ministry
of the Gospel definitely in view.

In the summer of 1834 he was graduated, and
after a visit to his home he returned to Nashville
and taught a select school for a year, from the
proceeds of which he repaid his college debt, and
then accepted the position of tutor in the college.
At the same time, in November, 1835, he placed
himself under the care of the Presbytery of Nash-
ville as a candidate for the Gospel ministry.
Having served as tutor for a year he accepted the
appointment of substitute professor of languages
in place of a professor who was to be absent
for a year.

These three years succeeding graduation, one
spent in private teaching, and two in college
work, were beneficial in fixing and testing scholar-
ship, and also from a financial point of view.
They enabled him to discharge his debt and to
accumulate a fund sufficient to defray the expense
of a theological course.

Retiring from these pleasing associations in the
summer of 1837, after a brief visit to his home
he journeyed eastward by stage coach and steam-

io6

L. J. HALSEY.

boat until, at Frederick, Md. , he had his first
view of a railway train, and thence through Bal-
timore and Philadelphia, his first experience of
railway travel, as far as Trenton, N. J. On the
gth day of November he entered the Theological
Seminary of Princeton.

On the agth day of September, 1840, the semi-
nary life of Dr. Halsey ended with his gradua-
tion. He had been licensed by the Presbytery of
New Brunswick on the 5th day of August pre-
ceding. He immediately began his journey to
the West, stopping in Philadelphia to preach in
several of the churches there and to receive his
commission from the Board of Missions assign-
ing him to missionary labor in the bounds of the
Presbytery of Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

This work continued for more than two years,
when its widely known success and the growing
reputation of Dr. Halsey brought such urgent
calls to wider fields that he was constrained to
give them heed. The one which proved the
most attractive was the one which showed the
greatest need. A recently organized congrega-
tion in the city of Jackson, the capital of Missis-
sippi, was seeking for consecrated leadership and
preaching power. They were without a house
of worship, with little numerical or financial
strength, but with united and zealous purpose
and with a growing and influential community
around, in crying need of Gospel privileges and
influence and work. He accepted their call, and
removing to Jackson, was ordained by the Pres-
bytery of Mississippi and installed pastor on the
sistday of March, 1843.

A commodious house of worship was soon
provided. The congregation grew and the work
enlarged. This prosperous work continued for
five years. 'During this pastorate, on the 24th
day of April, 1844, he was married to Caroline
Augusta Anderson, of Pendleton, South Carolina,
a granddaughter of Gen. Robert Anderson of
Revolutionary fame.

His well-known success in Jackson led to his
being called to undertake a similar work in Lou-
isville, Kentucky, where a small colony of Presby-
terians desired him to lead them in the work of
founding and establishing a church. Satisfied of

the importance of the enterprise, and undismayed
by its prospective difficulties, he accepted their
call and entered upon the work in the autumn
of 1848.

The church grew rapidly under his ministry.
A comfortable house of worship was speedily pro-
vided, and very soon the congregation, in point
of numbers and ability and efficiency, took rank
with the older churches of the city.

Here he conducted a happy, useful and success-
ful pastorate for ten years, in connection with the
Chestnut Street Presbyterian Church, the same
organization that, in a different locality, is still ac-
tive, strong and prosperous, under the name and
title of the Warren Memorial Church.

In 1859 he was appointed by the General As-
sembly to the Chair of Ecclesiology, Sacred
Rhetoric and Pastoral Theology in the Presby-
terian Theological Seminary of the Northwest,
which the same assembly located at Chicago, on
the basis of an endowment of one hundred thou-
sand dollars donated by the late Cyrus H. Mc-
Cormick, of this city. The institution is now
known as McCormick Theological Seminary.

He entered upon his work in Chicago in the
autumn of that year. The city then contained a
population of barely one hundred thousand. The
seminary was domiciled at first in a rented build-
ing at Clark and Harrison Streets. Two years
later it found temporary quarters in the base-
ment of the North Presbyterian Church at Cass
and Indiana Streets. The present location, at
North Halsted Street and Fullerton Avenue, was
first occupied for seminary purposes in the winter
of 1863 and 1864.

Dr. Halsey continued his active labors in the
seminary for thirty-three years, terminating
them only in 1892, when he was eighty years old.
In addition to the labors of the pastorate and
of the professor's chair he was a faithful and in-
fluential helper in the councils of the church; he
responded to invitations for addresses on public
occasions, and was a frequent contributor to the
columns of the press. In 1858 he published his
first book, "The Literary Attractions of the
Bible," a work of classic merit, which holds and
will continue to hold an assured place among the

L. J. HALSEY.

107

preserved gems of English and American litera-
ture.

After Dr. Halsey came to Chicago his voice
and pen occupied a wider sphere than that of the
seminary alone. He preached often and in many
pulpits all over the land and always with great
acceptance. In 1860 he issued "Life Pictures
from the Bible, ' ' a work that has held, and will
always hold with those who possess it, an eminent
place among the delineations of Bible character.
In 1861 appeared "The Beauty of Immanuel,"
an exposition of the life, character, person, work,
offices and glory of the Christ whom he loved
and adored, a work most stimulating to piety and
helpful to devotion.

In 1866 he published, in three large volumes,
through the L,ippiiicott press, the "Life and
Works of Philip Lindsley, D. D.," a labor of
love, preserving to posterity the literary produc-
tions of one of the most accomplished educators
of his day. In 1871 appeared from his pen ' 'The
Memoir of Lewis W. Green, D. D.," and in 1881
a volume entitled "Living Christianity," a brief,
clear and strong presentation of the fundamentals
of Christian faith and the essentials of Chris-
tian duty.

About this time he became Professor Emeritus
and continued to give regular instruction in
the matters of church government -and the sacra-
ments. His pen was by no means idle, for in
1884 he published a very instructive and edifying
book on "Scotland's Influence on Civilization,"
and in 1893 there came from his pen the work
into which he had poured the affections of his
heart and the accumulated events and emotions
of thirty years, "The History of the McCormick
Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian
Church," an octavo volume of five hundred
pages.

Dr. Halsey lived to be eighty-four years old,
dying June 18, 1896.

One of the large privileges of human life is to
dwell in immediate touch with great and good
men. The very presence, the example, and the
teachings of such men, tend to form the character,
to guide the thinking, to elevate the taste and to
direct the activities of whole communities. Be-

neath their kindly but potent influence, society
is rounded out into fairer proportions, the pur-
pose to accomplish noble ends becomes more de-
cisive, sympathy expands and deepens, and life
is found, more and more, to be truly worth the
living. One of the noblest of this high class was
the subject of this sketch.

For thirty-seven years Dr. Halsey lived in
Chicago. He entered on his work in that city
in the zenith of his powers. Long and painstak-
ing education had fitted him to exercise with
commanding ability the sacred office to which he
had been chosen. He had reached first rank as
a preacher and pastor before he entered on the re-
sponsible task of training young men for the
ministry, and he came to this new work ripe in
learning, mature in piety, skilled in administra-
tion, familiar with the best methods of profes-
sional education, intimately acquainted with the
foremost churchmen of the period, ardent in the
cause of a world- wide evangelization, embalmed
in the confidence of the influential communion,
which he represented, and in every way well
fitted to advance the important enterprise to which
he stood committed.

At the time of his entrance to Chicago Dr.
Halsey was called to lay the foundations upon
which varied structures should be raised. Society
was hardly formed, and his influence was felt in
directing it along lines of Christian refinement.
There was but one Presbyterian Church on the
North Side, and that near the heart of the city.
He early helped plant another and then others
as the years went by.

McCormick Theological Seminary was but just
opened in Chicago. Its maintenance and develop-
ment and permanent establishment had yet to be
provided for.

Few men have ever been called to so large and
so varied a work in so important a center and at
such an epoch-making period. For this impos-
ing undertaking he had the equipment requisite,
whether we consider it on the side of a large and
unhesitating faith in the sublime truths which he
came to teach and defend, or in the stead y cour-
age for the day of small things to be fostered in a
period of unrest and conflict or of conspicuous

io8

THOMAS GOODE.

talents fitted to meet the diversified calls arising
from the extensive task or of sublime patience
in the midst of the fluctuations and discourage-
ments incident to the sure establishment of a
young institution in the center of a comoaratively
new section of our great country.

In the prosecution of these wide ranging labors
Dr. Halsey laid his formative hand on a larger
number of men than any other theological teacher
of the Presbyterian Church in the West. His
early colleagues soon passed on one in less than
two years, to his heavenly home the others to
important fields elsewhere.

Dr. Halsey remained undaunted at his post in
sunshine and in storm, when rude war rolled un-
checked over the land, when peace once more

settled on a still united nation. Under all the
changes of an eventful period he stood fast, the
one commanding figure in the changing scene,
around whose person the destinies of the institu-
tion revolved, and in whose lone hand its inter-
ests often reposed. And ere yet unseen hands
with gentle touch closed his eyes to earthly sight,
to be re-opened so soon amid the splendors of
mediatorial glory he had witnessed the triumphs
of the cause to which he had devoted so many
years of his life, in the establishment of a semi-
nary of sacred learning, equal in its equipments to
any in the land, and full to overflowing with in-
genuous youth in preparation for the noble work
of preaching the Gospel in every tongue and to
every land under the sun.

THOMAS GOODE,

'HOMAS GOODE, one of Chicago's most
worthy pioneers, now living in rest and re-
tirement on Racine Avenue, was born
April 18, 1816, in the Parish of Enfield, in Mid-
dlesex, near London, England. He is a son of
Thomas and Maria (Head) Goode, the former a
native of Warwickshire, and the latter of Middle-
sex, England.

Thomas Goode, senior, was an orphan from the
time he was a small boy, and was sent to London,
where his eldest brother lived, and where he
learned the trade of baker, at which he worked
for many years. He had seven children that
grew to maturity, three of whom came to America
with their parents. John and Thomas came in
1845, sailing from London, and upon arriving in
New York, they went to Albany by boat, and
from there proceeded to Buffalo by the canal.
From Buffalo they came to Chicago by the old
steamer "Madison."

In 1859 Thomas Goode visited England, and

when he returned to America his parents accom-
panied him, spending their last years in Chicago.
The father died in 1870, his wife having preceded
him by three years. Edward, a younger brother,
came to the United States about 1864, and still
resides in this city, and John Goode makes his
home in Florida.

Thomas Goode received only an ordinary educa-
tion in the schools of his native land, which were
then much poorer than now, and was early em-
ployed in a greenhouse, in the cultivation of
flowers and plants.

In 1840 Mr. Goode married Miss Ellen Colpus,
and their first three children were born in Eng-
land. Soon after coming to Chicago he bought
property on the West Side, in Carpenter's Ad-
dition, and later, bought twelve acres in North
Chicago, afterwards Lake View. Here he raised
vegetables extensively for the city market, and
through his prudence and industry, and the great
growth of the city, became wealthy. He sold

G. N. POWELL.

109

some of his land to a railroad company, and the
remainder mostly in lots. He retired from active
business about ten years ago. Mr. Goode is an
ardent Republican, but has never been willing to
accept any public office himself. He is an ad-
herent of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

Mr. Goode has been married twice. By his
first wife he had six children, two of whom died
in infancy. Those of his children living are:
Edwin Peto; Jane, wife of John M. Gibson; La-

vinia and Rowland T. The mother of this family
died about 1879. In 1891 Mr. Goode married
Miss Margaret M. Gubbins, a native of the city
of Chicago.

Mr. Goode has lived many years in his present
location, and has many friends. He is one of the
oldest and most highly respected citizens of this
part of the city, where, during his long residence,
he has proven his sterling qualities of mind and
heart.

GEORGE N. POWELL.

fJfEORGE NELSON POWELL, one of Chi-

bcago's pioneers, came to the West in 1833.
He was descended from English and Welsh
ancestry, and his lineage has been traced back to
Thomas Powell, who was born in August, 1641
(probably in Wales), and died at Westbury,
Long Island, December 28, 1721. A descendant
of his in the fourth generation, Obadiah Powell,
was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch.
Obadiah Powell died in Saratoga County, New
York, at the age of nearly one hundred years.
Some time previous to the Revolutionary War he
removed thither from Dutchess County, in the
same state, with his wife Betsy, taking all their
belongings on the back of a pony. Like his
Quaker ancestry, he was opposed to war, and
was much censured during the Revolutionary
struggle because of his non-combatant position,
and most of his personal property was confiscated.
He was steadfast in his convictions, however, and
lived to be one of the leading farmers in the com-
munity. At the age of ninety-eight years he
husked several baskets of corn, which he carried
on his shoulder to the loft of his carriage-house.

He was the father of three sons and eight daugh-
ters, all of whom lived to extreme old age, and
his house was the favorite gathering-place of his
descendants. His son, Frost Powell, lived until
1840 in Dutchess County, New York, where he
married Katharine Nelson, who was of Dutch
descent. In 1840 he removed to Waterford, Ra-
cine County, Wisconsin, where he died a few
years later.

His son, George N. Powell, whose name heads
this article, was born August 13, 1807, in Dutchess
County, New York. He received the best edu-
cation that the locality afforded at that time, and
early in life became a general contractor. Being
convinced that the West offered great business
opportunities, he removed in 1833 to Chicago.
Here he rented a tract of land from Archibald Cly-
bourn, and engaged in farming and gardening. In
1836 he located in what was afterwards known as
Jefferson Township, making claim to the north-
east quarter of section thirty-six, which he pur-
chased at the land sale of 1838. He at once com-
menced the improvement of a farm on this land,
which was then in a state of nature, and for sev-

G. N. POWELL.

eral years kept a public house for the entertain-
ment of travelers. While still in the prime of
life, and apparently having many years of active
usefulness before him, he was stricken with
cholera and died August 18, 1850. Besides being
a careful and successful business man he was ever
active as a citizen and took a great interest in pub-
lic affairs, affiliating in politics with the Dem-
ocratic party.

March 22, 1835, Mr. Powell married Miss Ara-
mesia Harmon,' who was born in Montgomery
County, Virginia, February 27, 1820. Her par-
ents, Henry Harmon and Mary Ann Horn-
barger, were natives of that state, and the chil-
dren of Revolutionary soldiers. Henry Harmon
enlisted as a soldier in the War of 1812, but peace
was declared before his services were called for.
He died October 29, 1829, and his widow mar-
ried Jacob Miller. In 1832 this couple came to
Chicago, where Mr. Miller worked as a carpen-
ter. In 1849 he made the overland journey to
California, and died there in the fall of that year.
His widow died December 27, 1876, in Minne-
sota. The family arrived in Chicago at the time
of the Black Hawk War, and took refuge in Fort
Dearborn. The daughter, Aramesia, was but
twelve years of age at that time, and received her
education and grew to womanhood in the pioneer
settlement. She has been an observant witness
of the marvelous growth of Chicago from a mere
hamlet of log huts to the second city in the land.
George N. and Aramesia Powell were the par-
ents of six children, the first of whom, George
W., died in childhood. John Frost, the second,
is a prominent citizen of Waukegan, Illinois,
where for some years he was largely engaged in
manufacturing. He is especially active and in-
fluential in the municipal affairs of that city, where
he served many years as alderman, and was
Mayor three terms. He is largely interested in
Chicago property. William H., the third son,
was a dealer in real estate in Chicago from 1870
until his death, in August, 1896. He married
Elizabeth J. Ritchie, who bore him a son, George
H. Powell, now engaged in the real-estate bus-
iness in Chicago. Mrs. Elizabeth J. Powell died
in 1886.

Daniel N. and Mary C., the fourth and sixth,
are deceased. A sketch of the fifth, Perry P.,
appears below. In 1862 Mrs. Powell married
Theodore Mismer, a native of Strasburg, which
was at the time of his birth, in France, but now
belongs to Germany. They have one daughter,
Clara, now the wife of Fred C. Irwin, of Chicago.
Perry Polk Powell, the youngest son of George
N. and Aramesia Powell, was born January n,
1845. He remained at home assisting in the
cultivation of the farm and attending the district
school until he reached the age of seventeen
years. At that time the Civil War was stirring
the martial spirit of every patriotic American,
and young Powell was no exception to the rule.
Though still very young, he enlisted, July 6,
1862, in Battery A, First Illinois Light Artillery.
In the fall of that year he took part in the Vicks-
burg Campaign under General Sherman, and
celebrated his eighteenth birthday by participat-
ing in the Battle of Arkansas Post. On account
of sickness he was discharged August 7, 1863, but
on his recovery re-enlisted in Battery G of the
First Illinois Light Artillery, and was discharged
at the close of the war at Memphis, Tennessee.

After farming for one year in Cook County,
Mr. Powell removed to Blairstown, Iowa, where
he carried on a general store for about two years.
He then returned to Cook County, and has since
followed farming and gardening. In 1870 he
also engaged in the real-estate business, in which
he has been very successful. He has given his
hearty support to the Republican party and was
a member of the first board of trustees of Jeffer-
son after its organization as a village. He was
initiated into Masonry in July, 1867, in Lincoln
Lodge No. 199, at Blairstown, Iowa. He is a
member of Winfield Chapter No. 42, Royal Arch
Masons, and is Past Commander of Winfield Com-
mandery No. 15, Knights Templar, both of Win-
field, Kansas. He is also a member of Siberd
Post No. 58, Grand Army of the Republic, De-
partment of Kansas. Mr. Powell was married
January 10, 1872, to Miss Mary E. , daughter of
Thomas and Christie McGregor. Three children
have blessed this union, named in order of birth,
Maud, Frank and Ethel.

C. B. DUPEE.

CHARLES B. DUPEE.

/TJHARLES BILLINGS DUPEE. Among
1 1 the business men who helped to promote
\J the growth of Chicago, both materially and
morally, the subject of this sketch should receive
honorable mention. His ancestors were the de-
voted French Huguenots, whose love of liberty
and freedom of religious thought induced them to
leave old France and settle in the New World.
James, grandfather of Charles B. Dupee, was born
in Walpole, Massachusetts. He was among the
most progressive of the citizens of the old Bay
State. (See sketch of H. M. Dupee for com-
plete genealogy. )

Their son, Cyrus Dupee, was also born in Wal-
pole, and learned the mercantile business in Bos-
ton. For a long period he was engaged in the
wholesale provision Iradein Brighton, Massachu-
setts. He was married at Brighton (now Alls-
ton), Massachusetts, to Miss Elizabeth English,
of that place. He died there in 1841, leaving
eight children. Three of his sons, Charles B.,
Cyrus and Horace Dupee, became prominent bus-
iness men of Chicago, where the last two are still
engaged in active life. He was a man of sterling
character, devoted to his family and diligent in
business. The family has for many generations
been noted in mercantile business, and has al-
ways maintained a high reputation for integrity.

Charles B. Dupee was born in Brighton, Mass-
achusetts, May 12, 1823. His first business under-
taking was in the meat and ice trade at Fitchburg,
Massachusetts, in which he was moderately suc-
cessful. In 1 8 54 he became a resident of Chicago,
establishing himself here in June of that year
his family, which at that time consisted of a wife

and two children, following in September. He
continued in the meat business in Chicago, and
after a time began putting up hams by a process
of his own, which secured for him an excellent
reputation and trade, and he grew prosperous and
extended the business by adding the wholesale
provision trade. He exercised great care in the
preparation of his goods, which he insisted on
giving his personal inspection, and the result was
an ever-increasing trade and a high reputation
for his wares, which continued to be popular on
the market long after his demise. He was in-
dustrious and economical, and his painstaking
care provided him a handsome competence. For
many years he carried on a large trade in supplies
for the United States Government.

Among his brother merchants, Mr. Dupee was
known for his unswerving fidelity to those prin-
ciples of true manhood that lift a man high above
the rank of ordinary men and make for him a
name in commercial centers that will forever be
worthy of remembrance and emulation. He was
a shrewd, far-seeing businessman, and his advice,
often sought by friends, was safe and reliable.
For about twenty years he was a resident of
Hyde Park, and was highly esteemed by the res-
idents of that suburb for his many noble qualities.
He was identified with the Republican party, but
was never connected with any office or political
work, and was in everyway a model citizen, and,
above all, an honest man the noblest work of
God.

After retiring from business, Mr. Dupee made
good investment in real estate, and the rapid ap-
preciation in value of his holdings added mate-

112

J. A. PEARSONS.

rially to his resources, so that his declining years
were passed in the enjoyment of the competence
which his long years of industry had earned. He
passed away at his home in Chicago August 12,
1887, and his last words were: "I have been an
honest man." He left the impress of his strong
character upon the business world of Chicago, and
a good name that will be ever cherished by his
family.

On the yth of April, 1847, at Boston, Massachu-
setts, Charles B. Dupee was married to Miss Em-
meline, daughter of Seth and Louise (Miles)
Wellington, old and respected residents of Bos-
ton. The Wellingtons were among the noted pio-
neers of the commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Mrs. Dupee's ancestor, Roger Wellington, mar-
ried Miss Foster, a daughter of Dr. Foster, who
was the first settled physician in Charlestown,
Massachusetts. The Wellington monument,

standing in the Watertown (Massachusetts) cem-
etery, was erected over two hundred years ago.
Three children came to bless the home of Charles
B. and Mrs. Dupee. Their names are, Charles
Frederick, Elizabeth A. and Emma M. The sec-
ond is now deceased, and the last is the wife of
Reuben D. Coy, of Chicago. Her only child is
a daughter, named Margaret Wellington Coy.
Charles F. Dupee came with his parents to Chi-
cago in 1854. His father admitted him to part-
nership in his growing business in order to have
his aid in its conduct. Since the business was
closed out he has given his attention to the care
of his large property interests. He has two
children, Elizabeth S. and Charles Edward Du-
pee.

In 1890 Mrs. Emmeline Dupee built one of the
handsomest residences in Glencoe, Illinois, where
her family now resides.

JOHN A. PEARSONS.

(JOHN ALONZO PEARSONS, an early set-
I tier of Evanston, was born in Bradford, Ver-
Q/ mont, September 8, 1818. He is a son of
John Pearsons and Hannah Putnam, natives, re-
spectively, of Lyndeborough and Francestown,
New Hampshire. John Pearsons was a promi-
nent farmer and lumberman of Bradford, where
he located at the age of twelve years. For some
years he also kept a hotel there, known as the
Mann House. He was a soldier of the War of
1812, serving throughout that struggle. His
death occurred in Bradford, October 7, 1857, at

the age of sixty-five years. His mother, whose
maiden name was Elizabeth Kimball, also died
there at an extreme old age.

Mrs. Hannah Pearsons died at Holyoke, Mass-
achusetts, in 1888, at the age of ninety-one
years. She was a daughter of John Putnam, a
Revolutionary soldier, and a relative of Gen.
Israel Putnam. John Putnam served seven years
in the Continental army, and was at one time a
member of General Washington's Life Guard.
He afterward became an Adjutant of Vermont
militia, and, with two of his sons, participated in

J. A. PEARSONS.

the War of 1812. In later life he was a car-
penter and bridge-builder at Bradford. His wife,
Olive Barron, lived to the age of ninety-three
years.

John A. Pearsons spent his boyhood in Brad-
ford, where he attended the district school, and,
at the age of nineteen years, began teaching, a
calling which he continued for four winters at and
in the vicinity of Bradford. He helped to con-
duct his father's hotel, and subsequently carried
on the same business at White River Village and
Norwich, Vermont. The latter place was then
the seat of General Ransom's Military School.

In September, 1852, he arrived in Chicago,
where he was employed for a time by John P.
Chapin, a prominent pioneer of Chicago. In
March, 1854, he located at Evanston, being in-
duced to settle there through the influence of
Dr. Hinman. Mr. Pearsons was the first to build
a house on the university lands, the location be-
ing identical with his present residence on Chi-
cago Avenue. Others soon followed his example,
and when the Chicago & Milwaukee Railway
reached that point the next winter, there was a
rapid influx of people. Such was the demand for
building materials and other merchandise, that
Mr. Pearsons found it advantageous to engage in
the business of general teaming. For eighteen
years he operated Pearsons' Evanston Express,
employing a number of teams and wagons on the
road between Chicago and Evanston, and the
business which he started has ever since been
continued, and is still a prosperous enterprise.
For some time he also kept a livery stable at
Evanston.

In 1872 Mr. Pearsons sold out his express line,
and spent the following winter in the woods of
northern Michigan in the interest of his brother,
D. K. Pearsons, the well-known lumberman and
philanthropist. Becoming interested in the lum-
bering industry, and finding the business agree-
able to his health, which had become considerably
impaired, he spent the ensuing twelve years in
the lumber woods, during a part of which time
he operated a lumber-yard in Evanston. In 1885
he disposed of his lumber interests, since which
time he has lived in practical retirement. He

has filled nearly every office in the township, vil-
lage, and city of Evanston, and his official as well
as business obligations have always been dis-
charged in a creditable and efficient manner.

On the twenty-fifth day of October, 1842, was
celebrated the marriage of Mr. Pearsons and Miss
Hannah Stevens Bay ley, of Newbury, Vermont,
a daughter of Amherst Bayley and Melissa Stev-
ens, both natives of Newbury. Mrs. Pearsons'
paternal grandfather was the distinguished Gen-
eral Jacob Bayley, of the Continental army. Her
maternal grandfather, Simeon Stevens, was an
extensive farmer and highly exemplary citizen of
Newbury, distinguished also for his musical tal-
ents, being the possessor of a strong and very
sweet voice, which he retained even in old age.
He survived until nearly ninety years of age.

Mrs. Pearsons is a lady of many graces of mind
and heart. In her youth she won considerable
celebrity as a participant in the State Musical
Conventions of Vermont. She was one of the
prime movers in organizing the Woman's Ed-
ucational Aid Association, which was formed
in 1871, and has been an officer of the association
from its inception, and for eighteen years has
served as its President. The object of this
society is to assist worthy young ladies of lim-
ited means in obtaining an education. The Col-
lege Cottage, which was built soon after the or-
ganization of the association, has been several
times enlarged and improved, and now accommo-
dates about fifty-five students, and is recognized
as a worthy adjunct of the Northwestern Univer-
sity at Evanston.

Mr. and Mrs. Pearsons are the parents of two
children, and have lost two by death, one passing
away in infancy. The eldest, Henry Alonzo, is
a business man of Chicago, residing in Evanston.
Isabella is the wife of Wilbur F. Mappin, of
Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. Helen, who was the
wife of Rev. Harvey R. Calkins, died March 27,
1892, at the age of twenty-six years. Two
grandchildren, Harry Putnam Pearsons and Lil-
ian Mappin, make glad the hearts of this worthy
couple.

In October, 1892, the golden wedding of Mr.
and Mrs. Pearsons was celebrated, and they are

R. C. HALLETT.

still in the enjoyment of excellent health and that
contentment of mind which is "a continual feast, ' '
and few of their acquaintances, and none among
strangers, can readily believe the number of their
years of usefulness already spent. They are
members of the First Methodist Church of Evan-
ston, which they helped to organize in the sum-
mer of 1854, at which time the society comprised
but six members. Mr. Pearsons was the Chorister
of the church for many years, and is one of the
Trustees of the Des Plaines Camp- Meeting Asso-
ciation. Mr. Pearsons cast his first vote for Will-
iam Henry Harrison, and was a member of
a military band which furnished music for

many of the public gatherings of the famous po-
litical campaign of 1840. He played in this band
for ten years. Since the organization of the Re-
publican party, he has been an adherent of its
principles. When he first located inEvanston, a
large portion of the present site of the city con-
sisted of a marsh covered with water, and none
of the streets had been improved. He has wit-
nessed the material development of the town until
it has come to be recognized as the first sub-
urb of Chicago, and has simultaneously watched
its intellectual and moral growth, in the promo-
tion of which he has been an interested factor.

REUBEN C HALLETT.

REUBEN CROWELL HAlvLETT, grandson
of one of the hardy pioneers of the Missis-
sippi Valley, and son of James Hallett, of
whom extended mention is made elsewhere in
this volume, has the proud distinction of being
a native of Illinois. He was born at Mount Car-
roll, in Carroll County, on the isth day of Octo-
ber, 1857, an d grew up in his native village,
where he received his primary schooling. He
attended Beloit College, Wisconsin, and finished
his education at the Wesleyan University, Bloom-
ington, Illinois, where he received instruction in
the law department from Adlai E. Stevenson,
Gen. Ira J. Bloomfield, John M. Hamilton, and
other noted attorneys of the state.

He was admitted to the Bar in 1880, and be-
gan the practice of law at Mount Carroll, but
soon turned his attention to other and more con-
genial pursuits. He became the owner and pub-
lisher of the Herald at Mount Carroll, which he
retained about a year. He then went to Rock-
ford, Illinois, where he was connected with the

Rockford Watch Company seven years. He re-
sided in Cleveland, Ohio, for a year, being iden-
tified with the Arctic Ice Machine Manufacturing
Company. During the last three years he has
been the western representative of the Hildreth
Varnish Company of New York, with headquar-
ters in one of the Grand Pacific offices, on Jack-
son Street, Chicago.

Mr. Hallett possesses a keen business instinct,
and his kind and genial manners and knowledge
of human nature make him an exceptionally suc-
cessful salesman. His dealings are largely with
railroad companies, and cover many large con-
tracts. He takes an active interest in all that
pertains to the general welfare, and is thoroughly
posted on questions that engage the public mind.
He was the independent candidate for States At-
torney of Carroll County in 1 880, but usually acts
with the Republican party. He was made a
Master Mason at Mount Carroll, and is now en-
tering upon the work of the exalted degrees.

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

J. D. CATON.

JOHN D. CATON.

(JOHN DEAN CATON was born in Monroe,
I Orange County, New York, March 19, 1812.
O He is the fifteenth of the sixteen children of
Robert Caton, and the third child of his mother,
Hannah (Dean) Caton, who was the third wife of
Robert Caton. The latter was born March 22,
1761, on a plantation owned by his father (Robert
Caton) in Maryland. He joined the Continental
Army at the age of fourteen. Though very young
at the outbreak of the Revolution, he gave good
service to his native land in that struggle, and
after the triumph of colonial arms, settled on the
Hudson River, in New York. He died in 1815.
Robert Caton, grandfather of the subject of this
biography, was born in England, of Irish de-
scent, and served in the English army before set-
tling in Maryland. He was a prominent citizen
of that colony long before the Revolution, and
the name is a conspicuous one in Maryland soci-
ety to-day. Robert Caton, during the life of his
second wife, joined the Society of Friends, and
became a preacher in that denomination, his third
wife being a member also. His four children by
his third wife, according to the rules of that de-
nomination, became birthright members, and so
has the subject of this sketch continued; he is
now a member of the society in good standing.

When John D. Caton was four years old, his
widowed mother took him to Oneida Count}-,
New York. His advantages were few, but he re-
ceived the primary training of a common school.
At the age of nine years, he was set to work with
a farmer, at two and one-half dollars per month,
and brought home a quarter of beef as the fruit of
his first earnings. Work was afforded only in the
summer, and his winters were spent in school un-
til he was fourteen. It had been his father's wish

that he should be equipped for life with a trade,
and he was apprenticed. A weakness of the eyes
interfered with the completion of his time, and at
sixteen, he joined his mother at Utica, New York,
where he was enabled to put in nine months at the
academy. He was so diligent and apt that he
was thus equipped for earning by surveying and
teaching school. While teaching, he pursued
the study of the classics, and also did a little work
in the law by practicing in justices' courts. He
entered the office of Beardsley & Matteson, at
Utica, as a student, at the age of nineteen years.
He later studied with James H. Collins, who af-
terward became a leader at the Chicago Bar and
was a partner in practice with Mr. Caton.

Having become well grounded in the theory of
law, and having attained man's estate, he resolved
to settle in the new West and establish himself in
practice. He had a special incentive in this de-
termination, in the fact that he was the accepted
lover of one of "York State's" fairest daughters,
and was anxious to secure a permanent home.
Having reached Buffalo by canal, he took pas-
sage on the steamer "Sheldon Thompson," which
brought him to Detroit, and thence he took stage
to Ann Arbor, still undetermined as to his loca-
tion. Still pushing westward, he rode in a wagon
to White Pigeon, and here, by pure accident, he
fell in with a cousin, whose husband, Irad Hill,
was a carpenter and was employed by Dr. John T.
Temple, of Chicago, to build a house for him
there. The doctor and Mr. Hill were then in
White Pigeon getting lumber for this purpose.
Young Caton joined the rafting party which
transported the lumber down the St. Joseph
River, and took passage on the schooner which
conveyed it to its destination. This was the

J. D. CATON.

"Ariadne," whose cargo of lumber and immi-
grants was about all she could carry.

He soon determined to locate here, and in a
few days set off on horseback for Pekin, one hun-
dred and fifty miles away, to seek admission to
the Bar. Here he met Stephen T. Logan, after-
wards partner of Abraham Lincoln, and other
leading attorneys of the State. After court ad-
journed and supper had been taken, the young
applicant accompanied Judge Lockwood, of the
Supreme Court, in a stroll on the river bank, and
after being plied with questions on the theory and
practice of law, was addressed in these words:
"Well, my young friend, you've got a good deal
to learn if you ever' expect to make a success as a
lawyer, but if you study hard I guess you' 11 do it.
I shall give you your license." It took but nine
years for the new licensee to attain a place beside
his examiner on the supreme bench of the State.

Mr. Caton's first case was in the first lawsuit
in the village of Chicago, in which he appeared
as prosecutor of a culprit accused of stealing thir-
ty-six dollars from a fellow-lodger at the tavern.
When the defendant was brought before Squire
Heacock, Caton insisted that he be searched, and
he was stripped to his underclothing. Before he
could replace his apparel, as directed by the court,
the prosecuting attorney discovered a suspicious
lump in his stocking. Seizing hold of this lump,
he turned down the stocking and disclosed the
missing bills. The case was then adjourned till
next day, and a Constable watched the prisoner
all night, having confined him under a carpenter's
bench. Next morning when he was arraigned,
Spring and Hamilton appeared for the defence and
took a change of venue to Squire Harmon, who
held court in the old tannery, on the North Side
near the river forks. The whole town was now
agog with the novel spectacle of a public trial;
and Harmon, in order to give all a chance to en-
joy the show, adjourned to Wattle's Tavern, on
the West Side, where the case came off with much
eclat; all the young attorneys "spreading them-
selves' ' in their respective speeches. Judge Caton
remembers that he dwelt particularly on the enor-
mity of the act of this serpent who had brought

crime into this young community where it had
been unknown. The thief was held for trial, but
the device (then new) of "straw bail" gave him
temporary liberty, which he made permanent by
running away as soon as the money was recovered;
and as the public had had the fun and excitement
of a ' 'lawsuit' ' nobody cared much what became
of the author of this welcome break in the village
monotony. If he had been tried and convicted it
would have been only the beginning of trouble,
for there was no jail wherein to keep him. Young
Caton got ten dollars for his fee the first money
he had ever earned in Illinois by his profession
and it just paid the arrears of his board bill.
(History of Chicago, edited by Moses and Kirk-
land.)

Having now been launched in practice, Mr.
Caton rented an office in the "Temple Building,"
having his lodging in the attic of the same struc-
ture. To "make ends meet," he rented desk
room in his office to his contemporary, Giles
Spring.

Justice Caton recalls July 12, 1834, an era in
his youthful experience. It was the beginning of
his judicial career; the date of his election to the
office of Justice of the Peace, the only public office
he ever held except those of Alderman of the city
(1837-8) and Justice of the Supreme Court of the
State (1843-64). He became its Chief Justice in
1857. The election of 1834 was a fierce contest,
"bringing out every last voter in the precinct,
from Clybourne to Hardscrabble and beyond, per-
haps even taking in the Calumet Crossing." The
Government piers had been built and the begin-
ning of a channel had been cut across the imme-
morial sandbar, but as yet it had never been used.
On this memorable day, the schooner "Illinois"
chanced to be lying at anchor, and the friends of
Caton (George W. Dole and others), to the num-
ber of a hundred or more, got ropes to the schooner
and dragged her by main force through the un-
finished dug-way. Then they decked her with
all the bunting in the village, and, hoisting sail,
sped triumphantly up the stream to the Forks
the first vessel that ever penetrated the Chicago
River. And when the votes were counted the

J. D. CATON.

117

tally showed John DeanCaton, one hundred and
eighty-two; Josiah C. Goodhue, forty-seven.
(Story of Chicago, 130).

An incident in the life of the future chief jus-
tice, which saved him to the people of Illinois, is
elsewhere related in the biography of Col. Julius
\Varren, who was ever gratefully remembered by
Mr. Caton as his dearest friend.

In the spring of 1835 Squire Caton felt himself
able to assume the cares of a household, and he
returned to New York, where he was wedded to
Miss Laura Adelaide, daughter of Jacob Sherrill,
of New Hartford. Their wedding tour was an
ideal one, being a passage from Buffalo to Chicago
on the brig "Queen Charlotte." This was one
of the vessels captured in Put-in-Bay and sunk in
the harbor of Erie by Commodore Perry in 1812.
After twenty years, it had been raised and refitted,
and this was her first trip.

In 1836 Mr. Caton built the first dwelling on
the ' 'school section, ' ' west of the river. This was
at the southwest corner of Clinton and Harrison
Streets, and at that time it was so far from other
dwellings that it was called the ' 'prairie cottage. ' '
It fell before the great holocaust of 1871. About
the same time that he built this house, he entered
into partnership with Norman B. Judd (who
drafted-the first charter of Chicago) . The finan-
cial difficulties of 1837 almost crippled the ambi-
tious young lawyer, and to increase his troubles,
his health became impaired and he was advised
by his physician to return to farming. He took up
a tract of land near Plainfield, which he still owns,
and removed his family thither in 1839. He con-
tinued the practice of law, and the records show
that he tried the first jury cases in Will and Kane
Counties, as well as Cook.

Mr. Caton was appointed an associate justice of
the Supreme Court in 1842, and his united terms
of service, by successive elections, amounted to
twenty-two years. During the latter portion of
this time he occupied the position of Chief Justice.
The duties of his high office were completed day
by day, no matter how much of the night they
might consume, and the court in his day was al-
ways up with its docket. In 1864 he left the
Bench, and has since given his time to travel,

literary labors and the conduct of his private af-
fairs. He has published several works, among
which are "The Antelope and Deer of America,"
"A Summer in Norway," "Miscellanies" and
"Early Bench and Bar of Illinois."

Before 1850 Justice Caton became interested in
the electric telegraph. This was before the organ-
ization of the Western Union, and he set to work
to re-organize and set in order the dilapidated and
scattered lines. They had hitherto occupied the
wagon roads, and he secured the adoption of a
system by the railways, where it was soon found
to be an absolute necessity. When the Western
Union took hold of the business, Judge Caton and
his fellow-stockholders were enabled to make most
advantageous terms for the disposition of their
interests.

Death first invaded the home of Judge Caton in
1891, when a daughter, her mother's namesake,
was taken aw?y, and in 1892, Mrs. Caton went
before. For fifty-seven years, this happily-as-
sorted couple had traveled together the journey
o r life, and they were, no doubt, the oldest sur-
viving couple in Chicago at the time of Mrs. Ca-
ton's demise. During her last illness Judge Caton
remarked to his family physician that they had
lived together for more than fifty-seven years
without a cross or unkind word ever passing be-
tween them. Two children survived her, namely:
Arthur J. Caton, a Chicago business man, who
was admitted to the Bar, and Caroline, now the
wife of the distinguished attorney, Norman Wil-
liams.

In August, 1893, Judge Caton suffered a slight
stroke of paralysis. Before this affliction, advanc-
ing years had brought on the old trouble with his
eyes, which had, happily for his future career,
turned his attention from a trade, but up to the
beginning of 1893, he was able to read a little with
the aid of strong glasses. By the aid of a reading-
secretary, he keeps up an acquaintance with
literature and current events. Even the added
trial of decay in his powers of locomotion did
not make him despair or become morose. To
a close friend he said: "I do not repine. I do
not lament the advance of age and the loss of fac-
ulties; not one bit. I enjoy my life, and thank-

T. H. WEBSTER.

fully recognize the numberless compensations and
alleviations that are mercifully left me. No; I
am well content."

He still survives at the age of eighty-three, and

it is a little remarkable that the first lawyer in
Chicago to bring a case in a court of record is
still with us, with intellect unimpaired, when the
bar numbers more than three thousand.

THOMAS H. WEBSTER.

'HOMAS HOLMES WEBSTER. Among
the many fire-insurance agents with which
La Salle Street abounds, there is, perhaps,
no other man whose reputation for safe and con-
servative business methods has been more con-
sistently sustained than he whose name heads
this notice. His entire business training and
experience have been acquired in this city, and,
while the opportunities for speculation have been
abundant, and the chances for unusual profit have
seemed quite as alluring to him as to others, he
has conscientiously avoided all participation in
that hazardous and demoralizing field, confining
his attention to the regular channels of business,
and thereby maintaining his business credit and
securing the confidence and good- will of his asso-
ciates.

Mr. Webster was born in Leeds, England, on
the 2gth of October, 1846. His parents, John and
Mary (Holmes) Webster, were natives of York-
shire. John Webster was employed for some years
in the cloth-mills at Leeds, but being desirous of
procuring better opportunities for his growing
family, in 1853 he came to America. He located
in Chicago and secured employment with the Chi-
cago Gas Light and Coke Company, whose inter-
ests he continued to serve until his death, which
occurred in 1866, at the age of forty-two years.
He began as a laborer, but with such faithful-
ness and ability did he serve the interests of the
company that he was soon promoted to a more re-
munerative occupation, and at the time of his de-
mise was the assistant Secretary of the company.

His wife survived him but two years, passing
away at the age of forty-four. They were mem-
bers of the Second Baptist Church of Chicago,
and had formerly been connected with the Taber-
nacle Baptist Church.

Thomas H. Webster, with his mother and the
balance of the family, joined his father in Chica-
go in 1855. He is one of a family of thirteen
children, of whom but two others now survive.
Their names are Sarah H., Mrs. W. C. Corlies;
and Louisa L., Mrs. R. M. Johnson, all of Chi-
cago. Thomas was educated in the public schools
of this city, and upon the death of his father as-
sumed the care of the family, supplying' to its
members, as far as possible, the place of the de-
ceased parent. His first employment was in the
capacity of a clerk in a dry-goods store, where he
continued for about one year. Since the ist of
August, 1863, he has been consecutively connect-
ed with the business of fire underwriting. He be-
gan as office boy for the Chicago Firemen's In-
surance Company, but was soon appointed to a
clerkship, and about 1865 bcame the cashier of
the company. This position he filled until the
concern was annihilated by the great fire of 1871.
After that disaster, the affairs of the corporation
were placed in the hands of Hon. O. H. Horton,
as assignee, and this gentleman secured the serv-
ices of Mr. Webster as his assistant, his familiar-
ity with the affairs of the concern being of great
value in closing up its business.

Mr. Webster was afterwards successively con-
nected with the firms of Walker & Lowell, and

LIBRARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILUN(

W. C. GOUDY.

119

the Globe Insurance Company, continuing with
the latter concern until it went out of business in
1876. He then became a clerk for S. M. Moore,
with whom he soon after entered into partnership,
under the firm name of S. M. Moore & Com-
pany. Upon the retirement of the senior member
in 1886, this firm was succeeded by that of Web-
iter & Wiley, Mr. E. N. Wiley becoming the jun-
ior partner. In 1889 the latter firm was consol-
idated with that of H. de Roode & Company,
under the name of Webster, Wiley & de Roode.
On the first of November, 1 894, Mr. de Roode re-
tired from the firm, since which time the business
has been conducted under the name of Webster,
Wiley & Company, Mr. C. P. Jennings having
become a third partner on January i, 1895.

Mr. Webster was married, September 13, 1881,
to Miss Anna Martindale, a native of Ohio, and
a daughter of Rev. Theodore D. Martindale, a

Methodist clergyman of that state. Mr. and Mrs.
Webster are the parents of two sons, Frank M.
and Ralph N. Mr. Webster is identified with the
Union League, Sunset and Metropolitan Clubs,
and Lexington Council of the National Union.
He is not an active participant in political strife,
but has all his life been a supporter of Republican
principles.

Having been the head of a family from the age
of twenty years, he has had few opportunities for
recreation, and finds his greatest pleasure in the
midst of the home circle. His business opera-
tions have been confined to the realm of fire un-
derwriting, and while others have in some in-
stances accumulated more wealth than he, the
substantial friendship and esteem of his colleagues
are his, and his record is one which causes no re-
grets.

WILLIAM C GOUDY.

CHARLES GOUDY. To be a
leader in any profession in a city the size of
Chicago, means to be the possessor of large
intellect, of close application and happy fortune;
to be in the front rank of contemporary lawyers
in a metropolis whose courts decide as many
cases as the combined judiciary of all Great
Britain, is a mark of pre-eminence indeed. Such
pre-eminent distinction has been already noted
by the Muse of History in her vast temple of
fame, where, chiseled in conspicuous recent
strength, we read the sterling name of William
Charles Goudy.

Mr. Goudy was born near Cincinnati, Ohio
(but "across the line" in Indiana), on the isth
day of May, 1824, unto Robert and Jane (Ainslie)
Goudy. His father was a native of North Ire-
land and of Scotch-Irish ancestry, of that virile

blood which has already played so thrilling a
part in American history on sea and land. The
name is spelled Goudie in Scotland, where the
poet Burns immortalized it in song in that stanza
of a poem wherein occurs the line, ' 'Goudie, ter-
ror of the Whigs!" The family continues to hew
true to the block, for who ever heard of any
Goudy who was anything but a Democrat in
the United States ? His mother, who was of
English birth, was residing in Pennsylvania when
taken to wife by Mr. Goudy 's father.

Robert Goudy was a carpenter in early life, later
changing, as do so many of our citizens, his calling
to printing, in which craft he was busied for some
years at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. But when
the future Judge Goudy was a boy of ten years,
his father moved to Jacksonville, Illinois, a most
fortunate field, as afterwards developed, for all the

I2O

W. C. GOUDY.

family. Here, in 1833, he began the publication
of Gaudy's Farmers' Almanac, the first annual
of its kind to be printed in the Northwest, which,
filling a greatly felt need, grew speedily into the
deserved prominence it maintained for the many
years during which it was a household word.
Later, he embarked in a newspaper of fair pro-
portions for that era; in which connection let it
not be overlooked that it was the first press to
call pointed attention to that rising young star,
Stephen A. Douglas. The son also did his share
of battling for this candidate during that heated
campaign when Douglas defeated Lincoln in the
memorable congressional contest.

The subject of this sketch graduated at the
Illinois College of Jacksonville in 1845, an alma
mater made proud time and again by the grand
deeds of her hero pupil, whom she has twice hon-
ored with her post-graduate degrees, namely,
Master of Arts and Doctor of Laws. Suffice to
say, that none of her myriad graduates ever won
such special favor more fairly than he of whom
we are writing.

While reading law thereafter, Mr. Goudy
taught school in Decatur. Later he went for a
time into the office of Stephen A. Logan, partner
of Lincoln. In 1847 he was admitted to the Bar
at Lewistown, Illinois, entering directly into
partnership with Hon. Hezekiah M. Weed, of
that place, where he rapidly rose in public notice
and favor. Taking an active part in politics, he
was partially rewarded in 1852 by being elected
States Attorney of the Tenth Judicial Circuit,
which position of trust he resigned in 1856; and
from 1857 to 1861 was twice returned as State Sen-
ator for the Fulton-McDonough district. In 1859
fame and rapidly growing practice invited him
to Chicago, the great Western center, which, like
Athens of old, calls annually for its tribute of
talent and oratory from its outlying territory.
For about the next thirty-five years his reputa-
tion and his wealth grew with amazing rapidity,
until none throughout the entire Mississippi Val-
ley was better or more favorably known in his
profession than Judge Goudy. His learned skill
was demonstrated in the higher courts all over
this western county, from which, in frequent

triumphs, he went to more honorable laurels
achieved before that tribunal of dernier resort, the
Supreme Court of the United States. His specialty
was the law of real property, in which branch
of learning he was recognized as a leader all over
the vast domain his talents dominated; indeed,
there have been expressed on more than one oc-
casion sincere regrets that Judge Goudy left no
published work upon this broad field of judicature,
of especial application in the newer West, for
the guidance of future brothers. It would indeed
have been the labor of a legal giant, gigantically
performed. During all this later period, not a
volume of Illinois Reports, and they number into
the hundreds, but bears his name as attorney or
counsel in cases of gravest import and represent-
ing questions and corporations of greatest magni-
tude.

As illustrating the thoroughness with which
he worked and the minuteness of inquiry and
research to which he -would voluntarily go, rather
than admit he was beaten or acknowledge there
was no redress (in his opinion) for his client,
we must digress sufficiently to call attention to
that case (the Kingsbury-Buckner), perhaps
most famous of all his many noted cases, which
involved the question of the fee of that splendid
piece of central real estate upon which now stands
the Ashland Building, the great law office re-
sort, corner of Randolph and Clark Streets, in
our city. This case long looked hopeless for the
party in whose interests Judge Goudy had been
retained. Conviction of the fact that the grantee,
who seemed to own the fee, was really a holder
for cestuis qui trust was sincerely entertained, but
in support of such hypothesis not a scintilla of
evidence seemed possible to be introduced. Early
and late, far and near, in and out of season, our
lawyer toiled to find some slight link, so vital to
support such a much-sought chain of title. In
short, almost at a standstill, sufficient proof was
at last unearthed from a letter written as casual
correspondance to a relative of the writer in the
Down East. This became the turning-point of
the case. For his services the Judge is said to
have been paid the largest fee known in the
West. How many thousands is not known, but

W. C. GOUDY.

121

surely it was earned in such a manner as to be
gladly paid by a client who would have lived and
died in ignorant non-assertion of rights, but for
the untiring researches of his lawyer. Let every
young attorney ponder well the significance of
the story; just such opportunities time and again
have made in an instant the name and fame
)f the energetic hero. The ability to win cases
is the crucial test of lawyers; and a still greater
test is the ability to effect a desirable compromise,
as the subject of this sketch often did; for exam-
ple, in the notable Wilbur F. Storey will case.

During the later years of his exceedingly active
career, the firm of which he was senior member
was styled Goudy, Green & Goudy, and for
a considerable period prior to his demise he was
chief counsel for the Chicago & Northwestern
Railway, in which position he had the excep-
tional fortune of holding his former private
clientage. It is worth recording that the reasons
for his being retained by that railway were
found in numerous suits brought against it by
Mr. Goudy for clients, who usually won.

Mr. Goudy married, August 22, 1849, a most
estimable and cultured lady, Miss Helen Judd,
of Canton, Illinois, a daughter of Solomon Judd,
quite a distinguished Abolitionist. His father was
Solomon Judd, Sr., of Westhampton, Massachu-
setts, coming of excellent ancestry, tracing back
to the pride of all Yankees, the "Mayflower" of
1620. Mrs. Goudy's mother was Eleanor Clark,
born of an old Northampton, Massachusetts,
family.

Two children cheered their most happy wedded
life. Clara Goudy (an adopted daughter), born
in October, 1857, married, in 1887, Ira J. Geer,
of this city, a practicing lawyer of superior
repute, by whom she has one child, William
Jewett Geer. Judge Goudy left an only son,
William Judd Goudy, who was born in 1864,
for an extended sketch of whom vide other pages
herein.

Mrs. Goudy was born on the 2ist of November,
1821, at Otisco, Onondaga County, New York,
was educated at the Aurora Academy of that
State, after which she taught school for about
nine years. She then removed to Canton, Illinois,

where she had been teaching her own private
school for young ladies about two years at the
time Judge Goudy won her undying affections.
She survives her deeply mourned husband, and,
while not in perfect health, yet for her mature
age well preserved; and it is the earnest wish
of all her myriad friends and recipients of generous
benefactions that she may long continue in a
sphere of wisely contented usefulness. She is
unostentatiously conspicuous for her many works
of charity, formal recognition of which was made
some years since in her elevation to the position
of President of the Board of Managers of the Half
Orphan Asylum. Truly may it be said in sim-
ple, modest truth, her life has been a model for
imitation.

The old Goudy homestead, one of the choicest,
most elegant of its time, was located in what has
since become a very public neighborhood, about
No. 1 140 North Clark Street. In the early days
it stood in a magnificient grove of trees some
acres in extent, whose retirement received a con-
tinual benediction from the murmurs of the lake
near at hand. Later operations have subdivided
and covered with many dwellings this lovely
property. "And the place thereof shall know it
no more." Anticipating growing encroachment
upon that privacy in which Mr. Goudy so much
delighted, he finally built a solid, ornate mansion
of gray granite at No. 240 Goethe Street, than
which none of our citizens can boast of a more
complete or elegant home. In full view of the lake
(but a block distant), contiguous to a beautiful
private park, within easy access of business
haunts, and yet enjoying the stillness of a veritable
country seat, Judge Goudy with his wife there
found the oasis of existence, his seat of recupera-
tive rest, his scene of domestic bliss, for he was
emphatically, notwithstanding the grandeur and
publicity which cast a halo about his character,
a domestic man. Though a valued member of
the Union and Iroquois Clubs, he was not an
habitue of their inviting halls, save on rare special
occasions.

In politics, like all his lineage, he was a sturdy
Democrat ; not particularly aggressive, but full of
wise counsels and dictator of winning courses to

122

H. F. FRINK.

be pursued in accomplishing certain political
ends. His first vote was cast for L,ewis Cass in
1848; he had much to do with the nomination of
President Cleveland to his last term of office; and
might have passed away in occupation of the
most dignified seat of judicial honor within the
gift of our country, i. e., the Supreme Bench of
the United States, had not his ever honorable
principles decided him to withdraw in favor of
his old friend, the present Chief Justice, M. W.
Fuller. He was at one time President of the
Lincoln Park Board of Commissioners, as he had
been among those most actively valuable in lay-
ing out the bounds and bringing into being that
most beautiful of all our resorts.

Judge Goudy was a "gentleman of the old
school," always courteous and scrupulously hon-
orable; the possessor of a frankly-bright, prepos-
sessing face, brimful of character. A very broad
forehead surmounted features all finely chiseled;
his figure was but of medium height and physical
weight, but capable of expressing great dignity
upon occasion. Though rather sickly in youth,
by abstemious habits he had grown for many
years to be quite robust, in which condition he
was maintained by studious attention to all his

habits, save that of work. In this, he reminds
one strongly of the great Csesar, who, sickly in
youth, by careful regimen grew to endure in-
credible labors. Indeed, it was from over appli-
cation, following too speedily a season of malady,
that Judge Goudy met his end April 27, 1893;
which found him suddenly, like the lightning
flash, seated in his chair by the office desk, whither
he had injudiciously repaired upon important
business. His tough, perennial thread of life,
which had been vexed and tugged at time and
again by his response to urgent demands, was
strained beyond endurance; it snapped, and the
heroic melody of a noble life became forever in-
stantly silent. He was buried under the auspices
of the Fourth Presbyterian Church, in which he
had always had a vital interest, and now sleeps the
peaceful sleep of the just in the family lot at Grace-
land Cemetery, which spot will long continue to be
marked by the dignified memorial now rising
over his remains.

He left a supremely honorable name. Out of the
many illustrious heroes found herein, none need
doubt that the memory of the greatest will not
survive that of Hon. William Charles Goudy.

HENRY F. FRINK.

HENRY FARNSWORTH FRINK, whose
business and social relations cause him to be
well known in Cook County, enjoys the dis-
tinction of being a native of Chicago, and repre-
sents one of its most esteemed pioneer families.
The house in which he was born stood at the
corner of Wabasli Avenue and Randolph Street,
and the date of his advent was April 17, 1848.
His parents were John and Harriet Frink, an ap-
propriate notice of whom is given elsewhere in
this book.

Henry F. Frink was afforded excellent educa-

tional advantages, and at twenty years of age
graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts
from the Chicago University. It is needless to
add that his subsequent career has been such as
to reflect credit upon his Alma Mater. He began
the study of law in the office of Sleeper, Whiton
& Durham, and in 1872 was admitted to practice
by a committee composed of members of the Bar
appointed for the purpose of examining candi-
dates. Since that date he has been continuously
engaged in practice, making a specialty of real-
estate law and the examination of abstracts. His

J. M. ADSIT.

123

ample experience and accurate knowledge of
these subjects are of great value to himself and
his clients, and cause his opinions to be received
with respectful attention by attorneys and officials
generally. He deals in city and suburban realty
to a considerable extent, and by the exercise of
foresight and discrimination in these operations
has accumulated a competence, which he endeav-
ors to invest in such a manner as to promote the
commercial interests of the community. In 1891
he organized the Austin State Bank, of which he
has ever since been the President, giving consid-
erable of his time and attention to its affairs. His
business of all kinds has been conducted in such
a manner as to secure the best results to his col-
leagues and at the same time to inspire the confi-
dence of the public in his judgment and integrity.
On the I4th of April, 1886, occurred the mar-
riage of Mr. Frink and Miss Louise Creote, a
most estimable lady and a daughter of Joseph
Creote, an early pioneer of Chicago. A daugh-
ter, Mildred, helps to brighten the home circle of
Mr. and Mrs. Frink. The former of this couple

adheres to the Episcopal faith, in the tenets of
which he was instructed in youth, while his wife
is a member of the Baptist Church at Austin,
where the family resides.

Socially, Mr. Frink is identified with the Royal
League and Athletic Clubs. While never an act-
ive politician, he is not unmindful of the duties
of citizenship, and usually casts his ballot in sup-
port of Republican principles.

Previous to the great Chicago fire he occupied
an office with W. D. Kerfoot at No. 95 Washing-
ton Street, and for a time subsequent to that dis-
aster he shared with that gentleman the historic
cabin in the street, which served them as a shel-
ter pending the rescue of their safe from the em-
bers and the erection of their new building. He
did duty as a member of the citizens' patrol guard
immediately after the great fire, a temporary ar-
rangement for the protection of homes and prop-
erty, which was instrumental in preventing a
great deal of the pillage and plundering to which
the city was exposed until the police force could
be re-organized.

JAMES M. ADSIT.

(TAMES M. ADSIT. To have been among
I the first in Chicago to engage in any honor-
Q) able calling is quite sufficient to make such
a one a local historical personage for all time to
come, and so the career of James M. Adsit is
filled with unusual interest, because of the con-
spicuous fact that, apart from his being an excep-
tional character, he was among the first bankers
to enter upon a career of finance within the pres-
ent limits of Cook County.

Mr. Adsit was born February 5, 1809, in
Spencertown, Columbia County, New York, unto
Leonard and Frances Adsit {nee Davenport).
His father dying when the son was but six years
of age, he went to live and remain with his
grandfather Adsit, and after finishing the com-

mon-school education customary for those early
days, went for a time into employment in his
uncle Ira Davenport's store.

On April 2, 1838, he arrived in Chicago,
then a city of but a single year's standing, con-
sisting of only a few streets stragglingly built up;
and, as one of the earliest pioneers, founded a
private bank at Number 37 Clark Street in 1850,
having up to that time, from the date of his arri-
val, been engaged in loans and investments on
Lake Street. In 1856 he removed one door to
Number 39 Clark Street, where he remained un-
til the "Chicago Fire," at which time he had the
great misfortune to lose all of his personal papers
and books connected intimately with much of
Chicago's early history, whereby vanished forever

124

J. M. ADSIT.

valuable data covering the development of the
city for its first three decades. But fortune was
his on that occasion to save the bulk of moneys
and securities in the vaults of his office, thereby
being able to reassure his depositors, many of
whom on days following came with woeful visage,
in expectation of news of their hard-earned
means having gone up in flames.

Shortly after he had re-opened his banking busi-
ness at Number 422 Wabash Avenue for a few
months, he removed to a store on Wabash Avenue
a few doors from Congress, thence to the Ogden
Building, corner Lake and Clark Streets. He then
built at Number 41 Clark Street, where he contin-
ued in active life until 1881 . At that date, owing
somewhat to failing health, he decided to merge his
corporation into the Chicago National Bank, of
which he became the first Vice-President, resign-
ing, however, in 1885, a t which time he retired
from active life.

His shortsightedness, if indeed we are right to
so style the matter, was a lack of faith in the
future real-estate values of Chicago. Had a bold
course been adopted in this direction, it would
have resulted in the acquiring of an estate vast
indeed: but sufficient honor is his, in that he un-
swervingly carried out his financial life in strict
integrity.

While ever a stanch Republican in politics,
Mr. Adsit was never prominent in public life, fig-
uring rather in the background on movements
which were to be carried out for the public weal.
In that sense he was always a most active and
useful member in aid of advances. Among the
institutions with which he was conspicuously as-
sociated was the Mechanics' Institute, of which
he was the first Vice-President. Following the
panic of 1857, when threatened by adverse cir-
cumstances with destruction, he lent strong finan-
cial support, and was for years one of the chief
managers, until its future of honor and usefulness
was assured. In 1871 he was Chairman of the
Clearing House Association. Among the large
estates promoted under his management was that
of Allen C. Lewis, which was enhanced greatly
in value through his shrewd handling.

He was a member of the North Side Union

Club, but growing infirmity of health and life-long
devotion to home influences prevented much so-
cial dissipation. On Dearborn Avenue, at the
corner of Elm Street, in a luxurious mansion-
house, to which he removed in 1884, he spent
happy days following a most usefully busy career.

Up to the time of the great fire, he had at-
tended at the Wabash Avenue Methodist Church;
afterwards for some years at the Plymouth Con-
gregational Church, but finally became an habit-
ual attendant at David Swing's church, on the
North Side, following him to the Music Hall or-
ganization across the river, being thus long in
intimate relations with him who so feelingly offi-
ciated at the final obsequies, preceding interment
at Graceland. The time of going to the other
shore was September 4, 1894; subsequent to a
stroke of paralysis and some years of indisposi-
tion; and when his venerable form, which had
borne the trials of upwards of eighty-five years,
was laid to rest, there was not a dry eye over the
melancholy thought that the worthiest of the rem-
nant of the early pioneers had gone to his well-
merited reward. And thus the first generation
passed into that history which it is the province
of this publication to rescue from oblivion for the
edification and teaching of future times.

Said the well-known philanthropist, Dr. Pear-
son, in speaking of Mr. Adsit: "He was a thor-
oughly upright man, whom I never knew to fail
in an>- undertaking. He passed through the pan-
ics of 1857, l866 an( * l8 73. an d the great fire,
not without financial loss, but without a blemish
upon his reputation, meeting every obligation
faithfully." Mr. John J. Mitchell, President of
the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank, remarked
shortly after his demise: "Mr. Adsit was a man
of the very highest integrity, and none stood
higher than he among the business men and bank-
ers of Chicago. * * * In his death Chicago
loses not only one of her foremost citizens, but
one who helped to make the city's history, and
the success she now enjoys."

Mr. Adsit married, January 21, 1840, MissAr-
ville Chapin, of Chicago, who, herself in ad-
vanced age, survives him, waiting her message
to join on the other side him she so long, so deep-

H. M. ROBINSON.

125

ly loved. Seven children blessed their union,
namely :

Leonard D. Adsit, who was born January 29,
1841, and who died in Chicago in 1879, having
been a banker, associated with his father;

Isabella F., who married Ezra I. Wheeler, of
Chicago, a commission merchant, now deceased,
leaving her without children;

James M. Adsit, Jr., born April 7, 1847, un-
married; a former banker with his father; now a
stock broker with office in the Stock Exchange;

Charles Chapin, who is associated with his
brother as a stock broker; born July 14, 1853;
married in October, 1890, to Mary Bowman Ash-
by, of Louisville, Kentucky, by whom one child,
Charles Chapin, Jr., was born July 3, 1892;

Caroline Jane, educated at Dearborn Seminary,
then at Miss Ogden Hoffman's private school in
New York City; unmarried;

Frank S., born September 7, 1855; died in
childhood ;

Jeanie M., educated at Dearborn Seminary;
unmarried.

Mrs. Adsit comes of an old and distinguished
New England family, of which she is a repre-
sentative of the seventh American generation.
Springfield, Massachusetts, is their leading home-
stead, where members have erected a magnificent
statue of their "Puritan divine" ancestor.

Deacon Samuel Chapin, who married a Miss

Cisily, was the progenitor from whom are de-
scended all in the United States. He came from
abroad to Dorchester, Massachusetts, in 1641, at
which time he took the "freeman's oath" in Bos-
ton. The following year he went to Springfield,
then one of the frontier towns, where he was for
a long time a local magistrate and one of its first
deacons.

His son Henry married Bethia Cooley, and re-
sided in Springfield. Was a Representative in
the General Court, a merchant sea-captain be-
tween London and Boston; afterwards retired to
live in Boston ; then to Springfield. He had a son,

Deacon Benjamin, who married Hannah Col-
ton, and lived in Chicopee, a set-off portion of
northern Springfield, Massachusetts, where he
was one of its first deacons. He had a son

Captain Ephraim, who married Jemima Chapin,
his own cousin ; lived in Chicopee, where he was
an old-time inn-keeper. He also served in the
French and Indian Wars. He had a son

Bezaleel, who also married his own cousin,
Thankful Chapin; living at Ludlow Massachu-
setts. He had a son

Oramel, who married Suzan Rood; living in
Ludlow, Massachusetts, thence removing to Mil-
waukee, Wisconsin, later to Chicago, where he
died.

Their daughter Arville married the subject of
this sketch.

HAMILTON M. ROBINSON.

HAMILTON MOFFAT ROBINSON was
born in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, Eng-
land, February 12, 1862, and is the eldest
son of James Hamilton Robinson and Frances
Jane Moffat. Both the parents represent ancient
Scottish families.
James H. Robinson, who was born in London

and educated at the Edinburgh High School,
engaged in business in Manchester, England,
soon after completing his education, and later in
London, in the East India trade. He continued
ip business about thirty years, dealing in jute
and export merchandise. During a portion of
this time he resided at Calcutta, in order to give

126

H. M. ROBINSON.

personal supervision to his export trade. In 1885
he retired from business and came to America,
locating at Winnipeg, Manitoba, where his chil-
dren had preceded him and where he still resides.
His father, George Brown Robinson, had suc-
ceeded his (George's) father in the East India
trade, and also resided for some years in Calcutta.
He married Jane Campbell Hamilton, like him-
self a native of Scotland. She is still living in
London, at the age of seventy-five years.

Mrs. Frances J. Robinson was a daughter
of Col. Bowland Moffat, who commanded the
Fifty-fourth Regiment of the British army, was
a veteran of the Crimean War, and was stationed
for some years at Calcutta, at which place Mr. and
Mrs. James H. Robinson were married. A num-
ber of the ancestors of Colonel Moffat were well-
to-do merchants in the West India trade, and sev-
eral members of the family served in the British
army.

Hamilton M. Robinson was but six months
old when the family moved from London and
again took up its residence in Calcutta. Seven
years subsequently he returned to Europe, and at-
tended boarding-schools at various points in
the South of England. At the age of sixteen
years he finished the course at Chatham House
College, Ramsgate, Kent. It had been his in-
tention to enter the East Indian civil service, but
owing to his father's financial embarrassments
at that time, he abandoned this purpose and en-
tered the London office of Kelly & Company,
East India merchants. He began in the capacity
of office boy, but with such vigor and intelligence
did he apply himself to business, that in the brief
space of four years he became the office manager
of the firm. He continued in that connection un-
til September, 1883, when he determined to seek
a wider field for the development of his talents
and ability, and came to America, joining his
brother in the Northwest Territory of Canada.
He homesteaded a farm in Manitoba, but a short
time sufficed to convince him that the pursuit of
agriculture was neither as profitable nor congenial
as he had anticipated. In the following May he
joined a friend who was coming to Chicage, and
has ever since made this city his home and place

of business. In the spring of 1885 he again
visited the Northwest Territory, and as a mem-
ber of Colonel Boulton's scouts, assisted in sup-
pressing the Riel rebellion.

He arrived here with neither money, friends
nor influence, and wasted no time in seeking or
waiting for a genteel position, but immediately
began work at the first employment which he
could obtain. In the mean time he was constantly
on the alert for a more lucrative occupation, and
in a few weeks secured a position as bookkeeper
with the Anglo-American Packing and Provision
Company, with which he remained for about
three years. In May, 1887, he resigned this em-
ployment and obtained a position with the firm
of Crosby & Macdonald, marine underwriters.
He continued in this connection about five years,
winning the confidence and esteem of his em-
ployers, and demonstrating his integrity and
ability for the transaction of business. In what-
ever position he has been placed he has ever been
an indefatigable worker, striving to promote the
interests of those whom he served, even at the
expense of his own health and personal comfort.
On the first of June, 1892, Mr. Robinson formed
a partnership with James B. Kellogg, under the
firm name of Kellogg & Robinson, marine average
adjusters. This is one of the leading firms of
marine adjusters upon the shores of Lake Michi-
gan, and their success has been gratifying from
the start.

Mr. Robinson is a member of the Lake Board
of Average Adjusters, and of the Association of
Average Adjusters of the United States. He has
never identified himself with any political party,
but takes an intelligent interest in questions of
public policy, and has been an American citizen
since 1891. He is heartily in sympathy with the
spirit of American institutions, and may be classed
as one of the most desirable and useful among
the foreign-born citizens of Chicago.

He was married, in 1887, to Ida T. Cleverdon,
of Toronto, province of Ontario, Canada, daugh-
ter of William Thompson Cleverdon and Nanie
Geech, both formerly residents of Halifax, Nova
Scotia.

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

M. W. FULLER

127

MELVILLE W. FULLER.

I ELVILLE WESTON FULLER. The fol-
lowing sketch of Chief Justice Fuller was
written by the late Major Joseph Kirkland
for the "History of Chicago," published by Mun-
sell & Company, by whose permission it is here
reprinted:

Chief Justice Fuller traces his descent direct
to the "Mayflower. ' ' His father was Frederick A.
Fuller, and his mother Catherine Martin Weston.
His grandfather on the mother's side was Nathan
Weston, Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme
Court; and his uncle, George Melville Weston,
was a prominent lawyer of Augusta. Melville
Weston Fuller was born February n, 1833, at
Augusta, Maine, and grew up with good educa-
tional advantages. He was prepared for college
at Augusta, and entered Bowdoin College in 1849,
where he was graduated in 1853. Thence he
went to Dane Law School (Harvard), where so
many of our western jurists have earned their
diplomas. He is described as having been a
rather aimless youth, but in college a model
student, with a special gift for public speaking.
He began his law practice in Augusta, but find-
ing business lacking, he employed his time and
eked out his income by newspaper work; a cir-
cumstance to which is doubtless due something of
the literary facility which has always formed a
strong feature in his career.

An interesting fact connected with this journal-
istic experience is this: At a certain session of the
Legislature which Melville W. Fuller reported for
the Augusta Age (which he and his uncle, B. A.
G. Fuller, published together), James G. Elaine
was engaged as correspondent of the Kennebec

Journal. Though opposed in politics, the two
men were always personal friends, and at last, by
a curious coincidence, found themselves in Wash-
ington together; the one Chief Justice of the Su-
preme Court, and the other Secretary of State.

Mr. Fuller's success in Augusta as a lawyer
was in proportion to the law business of the place,
and so not large or satisfying. His success in
politics was in proportion to his ability, and there-
fore excellent. At twenty-three he was City At-
torney and President of the Common Council of
Augusta.

Still, it must have been unconsciously borne in
upon him that Augusta and Maine, always loved
and honored by him, were, after all, a "pent-up
Utica" to such a soul as his. He must, at least,
see the great West. In 1 856 he came to Chicago,
meeting here his friend and fellow-townsman,
Mr. S. K. Dow, a practicing lawyer, who urged
him to emigrate, offering him a place in his office
and, at his choice, either a partnership in the
business or a salary of $50 per month. He chose
the latter, and worked on those terms five months,
living within his income. But scarcely a year
had passed before he began to do a fine and prof-
itable business, which went on increasing with
remarkable speed and steadiness up to the time
of his leaving the Bar for the Supreme Bench.

In politics he was a stanch Democrat, and by
friendship and sympathy a warm adherent ot
Stephen A. Douglas. At Mr. Douglas's death in
1861, he delivered the funeral oration, his speech
being a masterly production. In the same year
he was elected a member of the Constitutional
Convention, and two years later we find him in

128

M. W. FULLER.

the Illinois Legislature. Here he gave the same
strenuous support to the war which was offered
by other Douglas men; he was a Unionist, but
not an anti-slavery man or Republican. The
war Democrats were in favor of the war as they
thought it should be conducted, giving their ad-
herence to the McClellan plan as being the most
certain to triumph and restore the integrity of the
country.

Here it seems well to quote from some fine
verses written by Mr. Fuller long afterward.
They are on the death of General Grant, and
show at once a loyal feeling for the great soldier's
services and a true poetic thought and diction; a
power of composition rare in the learned, prac-
ticed and successful lawyer:

Let drum to trumpet speak
The trumpet to the cannoneer without
The cannon to the heavens from each redoubt,

Each lowly valley and each lofty peak,
As to his rest the great commander goes
Into the pleasant land of earned repose.

* * * *

Not in his battles won,
Though long the well-fought fields may keep their name,

But in the wide world's sense of duty done,
The gallant soldier finds the meed of fame;
His life no struggle for ambition's prize,
Simply the duty done that next him lies.

* * * *

Earth to its kindred earth:
The spirit to the fellowship of souls!
As, slowly, Time the mighty scroll unrolls

Of waiting ages yet to have their birth,
Fame, faithful to the faithful, writes on high
His name as one that was not born to die.

Mr. Fuller was a hard worker in his profession ;
and it is said of him that in any case his stoutest
fighting is done when the day seems lost, when
he is very apt to turn defeat into victory. He is
reported to have had, during his thirty years'
practice, as many as twenty-five hundred cases at
the Chicago Bar; which, deducting his absence at
the Legislature, etc., would give him at least one
hundred cases a year; fewer, necessarily, in the
earlier part of his practice, and more afterward.
This shows a remarkable degree of activity and
grasp of business. He has never made a specialty
of any kind of law, though there are some where-
in his name scarcely appears; for instance, di-
vorce law and criminal law. Among his many
cases are Field against Leiter; the Lake Front

case; Storey against Storey's estate; Hyde Park
against Chicago; Carter against Carter, etc., and
the long ecclesiastical trial of Bishop Cheney on
the charge of heresy.

His partnership with Mr. Dow lasted until
1860. From 1862 to 1864 his firm was Fuller &
Ham, then for two years Fuller, Ham & Shep-
ard, and for two years more Fuller & Shepard.
From 1869 to 1877 he had as partner his cousin,
Joseph E. Smith, son of Governor Smith, of
Maine. Since that time he has had no partner.
His business was only such as he chose to ac-
cept; and his professional income has been esti-
mated at from $20,000 to $30,000 a year. His
property includes the Fuller Block on Dearborn
Street, and is popularly valued at $300,000.

He was a delegate to the Democratic National
Conventions of 1 864, 1872, 1876 and 1880, always
taking a prominent place. Just after Mr. Cleve-
land's first election to the Presidency, Mr. Fuller
called on him in Albany, and Mr. Cleveland at
once conceived for him a very high appreciation.
On the death of Chief Justice Waite it seemed de-
sirable that the new Justice should be taken from
the West; and Mr. Fuller's liberal education, the
catholicity of his law practice, his marked indus-
try, abilit}- and command of language all these,
joined with his devotion to the principles of his
party, made him a natural choice for nomination
to the position. High and unexpected as was the
honor, Mr. Fuller hesitated before accepting it.
If it satisfies his ambition in one direction, it
checks it in another.

The salary of the Chief Justice of the United
States is $10,500 a year; very far less than the
gains arising from general practice in the front
rank of lawyers, or from service as counsel of any
one of hundreds of great corporations. So there
comes a kind of dead-lock; if a man happens to be
born to riches, he is pretty sure never to go
through the hard work which alone gives leader-
ship in the law. If he starts poor, then, having
his fortune to make, he cannot take Federal judi-
cial office, that being a life-long position. The
only way in which the Federal Bench can be ap-
propriately filled, under the circumstances, is
when by chance a man prefers power and dignity

JOHN PRINDIVILLE.

129

to mere riches; or where his success has been so
sudden that he, is able (and willing) to accept
a judgeship as a kind of honorable retirement
from the struggle and competition of practice.

Aside from these considerations, Mr. Fuller felt
a natural hesitancy in undertaking a responsibil-
ity so trying and hazardous.

As to the money obstacle, Mr. Fuller probably
felt himself, through his great and rapid success,
able to afford to accept the appointment. He ac-
cepted it, was hailed in his new dignity with
genial cordiality, and has filled the office with un-
impeachable credit and honor.

Mr. Fuller's first wife was Miss Calista O.
Reynolds. She died young, after bearing him
two children. He married a second time, taking

to wife Mary Ellen, daughter of the distinguished
banker, William F. Coolbaugh. His family now
consists of eight daughters and one son; and
his domestic and social relations are as happy as
it is possible to imagine, the young ladies being
full of gaiety and loveliness in all its styles and
types. He himself is never so well content as in
his own household, making merry with all. It is
even whispered that should his resignation not
throw his own party out of the tenancy of the
office to which it chose him, he might give up the
irksome and confining dignity and the forced
residence in a strange city, and return to the
West, to the city of his choice, to the home of
his heart.

CAPT. JOHN PRINDIVILLE.

ft} APT. JOHN PRINDIVILLE, whose name is
I ( a synonym for honesty, courage and gener-
\J osity among the early residents of Chicago,
was born in Ireland, September 7, 1826. The
names of his parents were Maurice Prindiville and
Catharine Morris. While a boy at school Maur-
ice Prindiville ran away from home and went to
sea, making a voyage to India, thereby gratifying
his thirst for adventure and forfeiting the oppor-
tnnity to enter Trinity College at Dublin. Re-
turning to his native land, he there married Miss
Morris, and in 1835 came with his family to Amer-
ica. After spending a year at Detroit, he came to
Chicago, where he was for several years in charge
of Newbury & Dole's grain warehouse. With his
family, he took up his residence in a log house on
Chicago Avenue, at the northern terminus of Wol-
cott (now North State) Street, which was subse-
quently extended. The locality was long known
as "the Prindiville Patch." The nearest house
was Judge Brown's residence, on the west side of
Wolcott Street, between Ontario and Ohio Streets,

the only one between Prindiville' s and River
Street, the intervening territory being covered
with thick woods. Indians and wild beasts were
numerous in the vicinity at that time, and John
Prindiville became quite familiar with the Indians
and learned to speak several of their dialects.
His father and he were firm friends of Chief Wau-
bansee and others, and always espoused their
cause in resisting the encroachments of the whites
upon their rights and domains.

As a boy John was noted for his dare-devil
pranks, though always popular with his comrades,
whom he often led into difficulties, out of which he
usually succeeded in bringing them without seri-
ous results. He was one of the first students at
St. Mary's College, which was located at the cor-
ner of Wabash Avenue and Madison Street. Upon
one occasion, he led a number of students upon a
flqating cake of ice near the shore of the lake.
The wind suddenly changed, and, before they
were aware of their condition, floated their preca-
rious barge out into the lake. Upon discovering

JOHN PRINDIVILLE.

the danger, John promptly led the way back to
shore by wading through water breast deep. This
prompt action, aided by his reputation for honesty
and truthfulness, saved him from punishment at
the hands of the college authorities. He always
had a great desire to live upon the water, and at
the age of eleven years he gratified this tendency
by shipping as a cook on a lake schooner. Two
of the first vessels upon which he sailed were the
"Hiram Pearson" and "Constitution." His
menial position made him the butt of the sailors,
but he took so readily to the life of a mariner and
performed his duties so thoroughly and capably,
that he rapidly won promotion to more respon-
sible posts, and when but nineteen years of age
became the master of the schooner "Liberty,"
engaged in the lumber trade between Chicago and
other Lake Michigan ports. For about ten years
he was the skipper of sailing-vessels, abandoning
the last of these in 1855, after which he com-
manded several steamers, although that was never
so much to his taste as sailing. In 1860 he for-
sook marine life, though he has been ever since
interested in the operation of lake craft. From
1855 to 1865 he and his brother, Redmond Prin-
diville, operated a line of tugs upon the Chicago.
River. During this time, in August, 1862, he
had a narrow escape from instant death by the
explosion of the boiler of the tug "Union."
Though not regularly in command of the vessel,
he chanced to be on board at that time, and had
just left the wheel, going aft to hail another tug,
when the accident occurred. Captain Daly, who
took his place at the wheel, and several others
were instantly killed.

As a skipper, Capt. John Prindiville was noted
for quick trips, always managing to out-distance
any competing vessels, though he made wreck of
many spars and timbers by crowding on canvas.
One of his standing orders was that sail should
not be shortened without instructions, though it
was allowable to increase it at any time deemed
desirable. He was ever on the alert and always
took good care of the lives of his crew and pass-
engers. He was a strict disciplinarian, but was
always popular with his men, who considered it
a special honor to be able to sail with him, and

were ever ready to brave any danger to serve
him. These included a number of those who had
been accustomed to curse him when he first began
his marine career in the capacity of cook.

In 1850 Captain Prindiville commanded the
brigantine "Minnesota" (which was built in Chi-
cago, below Rush Street Bridge) , the first Amer-
ican vessel to traverse the St. Lawrence River.
Her cargo consisted of copper from the Bruce
Mines on Georgian Bay, and her destination was
Swansea, Wales. Owing to the stupidity and in-
capacity of the pilot, she ran upon the rocks in
Lachine Canal and was obliged to unload. This
was a disappointment to the youthful captain, who
was ambitious to be the first lake skipper to cross
the ocean. He and his brothers owned the
schooner "Pamlico," the first vessel loaded from
Chicago for Liverpool. This was in 1873, and
the cargo consisted of twenty-four thousand seven
hundred bushels of corn.

November 17, 1857, occurred one of the most
disastrous storms which ever visited Lake Michi-
gan, an event long to be remembered by the fami-
lies of those who were sailors at that time. A
number of vessels were wrecked off the shore of
Chicago, and many lives were sacrificed to the fury
of the elements. The number of fatalities would
have been far greater but for the bravery and har-
dihood of Captain Prindiville and his crew, who
manned the tug "McQueen" and brought maity
of the men to land in safety, though at the peril
of their own lives. For this act of bravery and
humanity, on the evening of that day, Hon.
Stephen A. Douglas, in behalf of the citizens,
who had assembled at the Tremont House, ten-
dered him a purse of $700 in gold. This valua-
ble testimonial he modestly declined, recommend-
ing that the money be distributed among the
families of the crew of the "Flying Cloud," all of
whom had been lost in the storm. This is only
one of the many instances of his courage and self-
sacrifice in behalf of others. It is an acknowl-
edged and well-known fact that he has saved more
human lives than any other navigator on Lake
Michigan.

Captain Prindiville is the father of eight living
children, the offspring of two marriages. On the

J. W. GARY.

i8th of November, 1845, Miss Margaret Kalehr
became his bride. After her death he married
Margaret Prendergast, a native of Burlington,
Vermont, who came to Chicago with her parents
about 1840. Of his three sons, Redmond is now
an ex-captain of lake craft, and resides in Chi-
cago. James W. and Thomas J. are associated
with their father in the vessel and marine busi-
ness.

Captain Prindiville has been a steadfast Roman
Catholic from boyhood, and is now a communi-
cant of the Cathedral of the Holy Name. He is

broad-minded and tolerant toward all sincere
Christians. He is a member of the Royal Arca-
num, and in national politics has been a life-long
Democrat, but gives his support to any good citi-
zen for local office, irrespective of party fealty.
He has been a member of the Chicago Board of
Trade since 1856, and is now one of the oldest
citizens connected with that body. His noble,
self-sacrificing spirit and unquestioned integrity
of character have won a host of friends, by whom
his memory will be cherished long after the mere
man of millions has passed into obscurity.

JOHN W. GARY.

(JOHN W. CARY was the lineal descendant
I in the fifth generation of John Gary, who
(2) came from Somersetshire, near Bristol, Eng-
land, in 1634, and joined the Plymouth Colony,
and a son of Asa Gary, who was born in Mans-
field, Connecticut, in 1774. He was born Feb-
ruary ii, 1817, in Shoreham, Vermont. Four-
teen years later, his parents removed to western
New York, where he attended the common
school, assisting his father on the farm until, at
the age of twenty, he entered Union College. He
supported himself through college, and was grad-
uated with the Class of 1842. Two years later he
was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of
New York, and followed his profession in Wayne
and Cayuga Counties until 1850, when he re-
moved to Wisconsin, taking up his residence at
Racine. He took an active interest in educational
matters, and as a School Commissioner was in-
strumental in developing the public-school sys-
tem of Racine. He was elected State Senator in
1852, and Mayor in 1857. Two years later he
removed his home to Milwaukee, and was at

once engaged as solicitor and counsel to fore-
close the mortgages given by the La Crosse &
Milwaukee Railroad Company. At the resulting
sale, the property was purchased by the Milwau-
kee & St. Paul Railroad Company (now the Chi-
cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul), which he had in-
corporated, and of which he continued as the
legal adviser and one of the controlling spirits to
the day of his death, a period of thirty-six years.
Until 1887 he was the General Solicitor of that
company, at which time the Board of Directors
created the office of General Counsel, and he was
then chosen to that position, which he continued
to fill up to the time of his death. He was not
only the legal adviser of that company, counsel-
ing on all questions and conducting all its litiga-
tion, in which he was eminently successful, es-
pecially before the Supreme Court of the United
States, but during all that time he was the chief
counselor and adviser of the general policy of the
company. He stood high in the legal profession,
and was regarded by all as one of the best equip-
ped railway lawyers in the country. Some of the

132

J. W. GARY.

cases in which he appeared as counsel before the
Supreme Court of the United States, and in which
he was successful, rank among the most notable
cases of that court. He argued before that court
what is known as the Milk Rate case, which was
the case of the State of Minnesota against the
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Com-
pany, decided in April, 1890. The magnitude
of that case, both as regards the principle in-
volved and the moneyed interest affected, places
it by the side of such cases as the Dartmouth
College case, the case of McCulloch versus Mary-
land, and the Slaughter House cases. The Su-
preme Court in that case held, as Mr. Gary had
for many years contended, that the reasonableness
of a rate of charge for transportation of property
by a railroad company was a question of judicial
determination, rather than of arbitrary legislative
action, and that State Legislatures, in fixing the
rates of freight, must fix reasonable rates; that is,
rates which are compensatory , such as will per-
mit carriers to receive reasonable profits upon
their invested capital, the same as other persons
are permitted to receive.

The success of Mr. Gary in this case is all the
more notable from the fact that fifteen years pre-
viously he appeared as counsel for the St. Paul
Company in what are- known as the Granger
cases, in which that court declined to adopt the
rule which it afterwards established in the Milk
Rate case.

Of the members of that court at the time the
Granger cases were argued, but one remains,
Justice Field, and of the leading counsel who ap-
peared in those cases all have passed away ex-
cept William M. Evarts. It is a notable fact that
Mr. Cary survived every justice who was a mem-
ber of that court at the time of his first appearance
therein, as well as the leading lawyers who were
practicing in that court at that time.

It is told of Mr. Cary that he successfully
argued fourteen cases during one session of the
Supreme Court, against such men as Caleb Cush-
.ing, Matt H. Carpenter, Henry A. Cram, of New
York, and other eminent men.

In 1872, while a member of the Wisconsin
State Legislature, he was requested to draw a

general railroad law for the state, which he did,
and the statute which he prepared was adopted
and is still in force, and has passed into history
as one of the most important laws ever enacted in
Wisconsin, and is regarded by all as a law fair
both to the people and the railway companies.

No person in the State of Wisconsin was better
or more favorably known than Mr. Cary. His
reputation as a lawyer of marked abilities, and
his character for candor and integrity as a man,
were enviable. At all times and everywhere he
maintained the honor of his profession and the
majesty of the law. Those who knew him best
respected him the most.

He always took a great interest in political af-
fairs, and was unusually well versed in national
and political history. Throughout his entire man-
hood he was a devoted adherent of Democracy,
receiving in 1864 the nomination for Congress,
and upon several occasions the complimentary
vote of the Legislature for United States Senator.
During the long period in which the Democratic
party was in the minority, which covered nearly
the whole of his maturer years, Mr. Cary re-
mained steadfast in his loyalty to its principles.
But for this fact his name would undoubtedly
have found place on the pages of history among
the most eminent statesmen of his generation. A
man of vast mental endowment, clear of judg-
ment, and true as the needle to the pole was he
to the right as he saw the right.

He resided in Milwaukee until 1890, when the
general offices of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St.
Paul Railway Company were removed to Chicago.
At this time he removed his home to Hinsdale, a
suburb of Chicago, where he resided until his
death, which occurred in Chicago on March 29,
1895.

In 1844 Mr. Cary was married to Eliza Vilas,
who died in 1845, leaving a daughter, Eliza. In
1 847 he was married to Isabel Brinkerhoff. He
has seven children living, namely: Eliza, who is
the wife of Sherburn Sanborn ; Frances, the widow
of Charles D. Kendrick; Melbert B., Fred A.,
John W., Jr., George P. and Paul V.

In his intercourse with his fellow-men, and
with his associates in professional labor, he was

E. W. BAILEY.

133

alway considerate and gentle. No unkind or
reproachful word ever passed his lips. He was
true and faithful in friendship, magnanimous in
his dealings with others, and every act was
prompted by the highest sense of honor. He was
modest and unassuming, simple and unaffected in

manner, and admired, trusted and loved by all
who knew him.

" In his family and home life
He was all sunshine; in his face
The very soul of sweetness shone."

EDWARD W. BAILEY.

|~DWARD WILLIAM BAILEY, a member
fJ of the Chicago Board of Trade, was born at
Elinore, La Moille County, Vermont, Au-
gust 31, 1843. His parents, George W. Bailey and
Rebecca Warren, were natives of Berlin, Vermont.
The Bailey family is remotely of Scotch lineage.
George W. Bailey was one of a family of thirteen
children, and was bereft of his father in childhood.
He participated in the War of 1812, entering the
sen-ice of the United States at the age of sixteen
years. But little is known of his service, except
that he was in the battle of Fort Erie. He be-
came a prominent farmer and practical business
man, officiating as President of the Vermont
Mutual Life Insurance Company, and for many
years filled the office of Judge of Probate in
Washington County, a circumstance which indi-
cates the regard and confidence reposed in him
by his fellow- citizens. His death occurred at
Montpelier in 1868, at the age of seventy years.
Mrs. Rebecca Bailey was a daughter of Abel War-
ren. She died upon the homestead farm at El-
more in 1885, having reached the mature age of
eighty-three years.

Edward W. Bailey is the youngest of ten chil-
dren. His education was obtained in the public
schools, and in Washington County Grammar
School at Montpelier. From the age of seventeen
years, he assisted his father in the management
of the homestead farm, thereby developing a
strong muscular frame and acquiring strength
and endurance for the subsequent battle of life.

He also inherited the upright character and con-
scientious principles for which his progenitors
had been conspicuous, and when, in 1869, he en-
tered upon his commercial career, he was fully
competent to meet and master the exigencies and
vicissitudes which ever beset the business man.
At that date he purchased a grocery store at
Montpelier, and the following year he and his
partner increased their business by the addition
of a gristmill. When the firm dissolved, a few
years later, Mr. Bailey retained the mill and
still continues to own and operate the same.

In 1879 he located in Chicago, and, in partner-
ship with V. W. Bullock, began dealing in grain
on commission, an occupation which still em-
ploys his time and attention. After the first two
or three years, Mr. Bailey became sole proprie-
tor of the business, and now occupies commo-
dious quarters in the Board of Trade Building.
In most instances, he has been successful, and he
has ever maintained a reputation for honorable
dealing and integrity of character, which has
earned him the confidence of all his business as-
sociates. There is, perhaps, no man upon the
Board of Trade to-day in whom the public has
better reason to trust or whose business credit is
freer from imputation.

In June, 1869, he was married to Miss Jennie
Carter, daughter of Charles H. Carter, of Mont-
pelier, Vermont. The lady was born in Wil-
mington, Massachusetts, and has become the
mother of two children: George C., who holds a

134

J. B. BRADWELL.

responsible position with the great packing house
of Swift & Company, and Mary D., wife of Fred-
erick Meyer, of Chicago. Mr. Bailey holds
liberal views on religious subjects, and was for
many years a member of the congregation of the
late Prof. David Swing. He is not in fellowship
with any social or religious organization. Though
not an active politician, he never fails to exercise

the right as well as duty of casting a vote,
and supports Republican principles, believing the
Republican party to represent the best social and
economic ideas. He is a man of resolution and
prompt action, and his industrious habits have
made him an exemplary business man, whose life
and character are worthy of the emulation of the
rising generation.

HON. JAMES B. BRADWELL.

HON. JAMES B. BRADWELL. This dis-
tinguished gentleman, an excellent portrait
of whom is herewith presented, was born
April 1 6, 1828, at Loughborough, England. His
parents were Thomas and Elizabeth (Gutridge)
Bradwell. The family left England when James
was sixteen months old, and settled in Utica,
New York, where they resided until 1833, when
they removed to Jacksonville, Illinois. They
went from Jacksonville to what is now Wheeling,
Cook County, Illinois, in Ma}-, 1834. The fam-
ily made the trip in a covered wagon drawn by a
span of horses and a yoke of oxen, and, although
the distance was but two hundred and fifty miles,
it took twenty-one days to complete the journey.
Young Bradwell spent a number of years upon a
farm in Cook County, splitting rails, breaking
prairie, mowing and cradling in the old-fashioned
way, which aided to give him that strength of
body and mind which he possesses at the age of
sixty -seven. His early education was obtained
in a log schoolhouse; later in Wilson's Academy,
of Chicago, in which Judge Lorenzo Sawyer, of
California, was tutor; and was completed in Knox
College, Galesburg, Illinois. He supported him-
self in college by sawing wood and working in a
wagon and plow shop afternoons and Saturdays,
where he often had to take his pay in orders on
stores, which he discounted at twenty-five cents

on the dollar. This resulted in the young man
taking an oath that if ever he lived to employ
men he would never pa}- them in orders or truck.
Although he has paid hundreds of thousands
of dollars for wages, he has religiously kept his
oath. For a number of years before his admis-
sion to the Bar he worked as a journeyman at
several different trades in Chicago. He is a
natural mechanic, and, believing with Solomon
that "the rest of the laboring man is sweet," he
aimed, even when on the Bench and at the Bar,
to devote a portion of every day to some kind of
manual labor. It is said that he could earn his
living to-day as a journeyman at any one of sev-
enteen trades. As a process artist he has few su-
periors. He invented a process of his own for
doing half-tone work, and has the honor of hav-
ing made the first half-tone cut ever produced
in Chicago that of Chief Justice Fuller, of the
United States Supreme Court. Nearly forty years
ago he was admitted to the Illinois Bar, and,
being a good speaker, a bold, dashing young
man, and considerable of a "hustler, "he succeeded
in building up a large and paying practice. In
1 86 1 he was elected County Judge of Cook Coun-
ty by a larger majority than any judge had ever
received in the county up to that time; and in
1865 he was re-elected for four years. Judge
Bradwell was elected to the Legislature of Illi-

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

MRS. MYRA BRADWELL

MYRA BRADWELL.

135

nois in 1873, and re-elected in 1875. He has
held many offices in charitable and other institu-
tions; presided at Cleveland during the organiza-
tion of the American Woman Suffrage Associa-
tion; was President of the Chicago Press Club;
President of the Chicago Rifle Club, and for
many years was considered the best rifle shot in
Chicago; President of the Chicago Bar Associa-
tion; President of the Illinois State Bar Associa-
tion, and for many years its historian; President
of the Chicago Soldiers' Home; Chairman of the
Arms and Trophy Department of the Northwest-
ern Sanitary Commission and Soldiers' Home
Fair in 1865; one of the founders of the Union
League Club of Chicago, President of the Board
of Directors the first year, and the first man to
sign the roll of membership, "Long John" Went-
worth being the second; he has been President of
the Chicago Photographic Society, and was Chair-
man of the Photographic Congress Auxiliary of
the World's Columbian Exposition.

When on the Bench he ranked as a probate
jurist second only to the distinguished surrogate,
Alexander Bradford, 'of New York.

He was the first judge to hold, during the war,
that a marriage made during slavery was valid
upon emancipation, and that the issue of such a
marriage was legitimate upon emancipation and
would inherit from their emancipated parents;

or, in other words, that the civil rights of slaves,
being suspended during slavery, revived upon
emancipation. The opinion was delivered in the
case of Matt C. Jones, and was published ap-
provingly in the London Solicitors' Journal, and
fully endorsed by Mr. Joel Prentiss Bishop ten
years after it was rendered, in one of his works.
Judge Bradwell was the friend of the widow and
the orphan an able, impartial judge.

He was an influential member of the Legisla-
ture, and aided in securing the passage of a num-
ber of measures for the benefit of the State and
the city of his adoption. He holds advanced
views as to the rights of women, and introduced
a bill making women eligible to all school offices,
and, mainly by his influence and power, secured
its passage; also a bill making women eligible to
be appointed notaries public.

Judge Bradwell has taken the Thirty-third and
last degree in Masonry, and is an honorary mem-
ber of the Supreme Council with its Grand East
at Boston, and also an honorary member of the
Ancient Ebor Preceptory at York, England. He
has recently published a neat volume of Ancient
Masonic Rolls and other matter of interest to the
order, showing that there was originally no pro-
vision against the admission of women to the fra-
ternity.

MYRA BRADWELL

IV^YRA BRADWELL. In these latter days
I V I of the century, a century which has done
|(jj| more for women than any other in the his-
tory of the world, it is interesting to record the
life of a citizen of Chicago of national reputation,
who wrought earnestly, wisely and successfully
for woman's advancement.

To follow in a pathway which has been made
for one is easy. To be an original and practical

leader, clearing the way for others to come, is a
difficult undertaking. Such a leader was Myra
Bradwell, one of the pioneers in the movements
to give woman equal rights before the law and
equal opportunities to labor in all avocations.

Myra Bradwell was born in Manchester, Ver-
mont, February 12, 1831. In infancy she was
taken to Portage, New York, where she remained
until her twelfth year, when she came West with

MYRA BRADWELL.

her father's family. In the warp of her nature
was woven the woof of that sterling New England
character which has made such an impress on
our national life. On her father's side she was
descended from a family which numbers many
noble men, philanthropists, eminent divines and
noted statesmen. Her father, Eben Colby, was
the son of John Colby, a Baptist minister of New
Hampshire. Her father's mother was a lineal
descendant of Aquilla Chase, whose family gave
to the world the noted divine, Bishop Philander
Chase, of the Episcopal Church, and Salmon P.
Chase, Chief Justice of the United States.

On her mother's side she was a descendant of
Isaac Willey, who settled in Boston in 1640. Two
members of the family, Allen and John Willey,
served in the Revolutionary War, and were in the
little army which suffered glorious defeat at Bun-
ker Hill. Her family were aggressive Abolition-
ists and stanch friends of the Lovejoys. The
story of the murdered martyr, Elijah Lovejoy, as
recounted by the friend of her youth, Owen Love-
joy, made a deep impression upon her mind.
Thus early was implanted a hatred of slavery
and injustice in the soul of one who was destined,
in after years, to bear a conspicuous part in free-
ing her sex from some of the conditions of vas-
salage in which it had stood a champion who
broke one of the strongest barriers to woman's
enfranchisement, the Bar, and paved the way for
women into the upper halls of justice, into the
greatest court of the world. As a student, pos-
sessed of a keen, logical mind, with the soul of a
poet, she early evinced a deep love for learning,
and made the most of the limited educational ad-
vantages which were then deemed more than suf-
ficient for girls. After studying at Kenosha and
the ladies' seminary in Elgin, Myra engaged in
teaching.

May 18, 1852, Myra Colby was united in mar-
riage with James B. Bradwell. Soon after her mar-
riage she removed with her husband to Memphis,
Tennessee. While there she proved herself a
veritable helpmate, conducting with her husband
the largest select school in the city. In two
years they returned to Chicago, where her hus-
band engaged in the practice of the law, and

where they have since resided. With the ardor
of a true patriot, she could not remain inactive
when danger threatened the Government which
her Revolutionary ancestors fought to establish.
During the war she helped care for the suffering,
the wounded and the dying. The Soldiers' Fair
of 1863, and the Fair of 1867 for the benefit of
the families of soldiers, had no more active or
efficient worker than Mrs. Bradwell. She was a
member and Secretary of the Committee on Arms,
Trophies and Curiosities of the great Northwest-
ern Sanitary Fair, and was the leading spirit in
producing that artistic and beautiful exhibition in
Bryan Hall in 1865. When the war was over,
she assisted in providing a liDme for the scarred
and maimed and dependent veterans who shoul-
dered the musket to preserve the Union.

Becoming deeply interested in her husband's
profession, she commenced the study of law un-
der his tutelage, at first with no thought of be-
coming a practicing lawyer, but subsequently she
decided to make the profession her life work, and
applied herself diligently to its study. In 1868
she established the "Chicago Legal News," the
first weeekly law periodical published in the West,
and the first paper of its kind edited by a woman
in the world, and which stands to-day the best
monument to her memory. Believing fully in
the power of the law, she adopted as the motto
of the "Legal News" the words Lex Vincil, which
have always been at the head of its columns.
Practical newspaper men and prominent lawyers
at once predicted its failure, but they under-esti-
mated the ability and power of its editor. She
obtained from the Legislature special acts mak-
ing all the laws of Illinois and the opinions of the
Supreme Court of the State printed in her paper
evidence in the courts. She made the paper a
success from the start, and it was soon recognized
by the Bench and Bar throughout the country as
one of the best legal periodicals in the United
States. With her sagacity, enterprise and mas-
terful business ability she built up one of the
most flourishing printing and publishing houses
in the West. Two instances may be cited to
show her business energy and enterprise. From
the year 1869, when she first began to publish

MYRA BRADWELL.

137

the Illinois session laws, she always succeeded
in getting her edition out many weeks in advance
of any other edition. At the Chicago fire, in
common with thousands of others, she lost home
and business possessions, but, undismayed by
misfortune, she hastened to Milwaukee, had the
paper printed and published on the regular pub-
lication day, and thus not an issue of her paper
was lost during this trying time in our city's
history.

She finally decided to apply for admission to the
Bar and to practice law. She had been permitted
to work side by side with her husband as a most
successful teacher, why not as a lawyer ?

In 1869 she passed a most creditable examina-
tion for the Bar, but was denied admission by the
Supreme Court of Illinois, upon the ground that
she was a married woman, her married state be-
ing considered a disability. She knew that the
real reason had not been given. She filed an ad-
ditional brief which combated the position of the
court with great force, and compelled the court
to give the true reason. In due time the court,
by Mr. Chief Justice Lawrence, delivered an elab-
orate opinion, in which it was said, upon mature
deliberation, the court had concluded to refuse to
admit Mrs. Bradwell upon the sole ground that
she was a woman. She sued out a writ of error
against the State of Illinois in the Supreme Court
of the United States. Her case in that tribunal
was argued in 1871 by Senator Matt Carpenter.
In May, 1873, the judgment of the lower court
was affirmed by the United States Supreme
Court. Mr. Chief Justice Chase, who never failed
to give his powerful testimony to aid in lifting
woman from dependence and helplessness to
strength and freedom, true to his principles, dis-
sented. As has been well said, "the discussion
of the Myra Bradwell case had the inevitable ef-
fect of letting sunlight through many cobwebbed
windows. It is not so much by abstract reason-
ing as by visible examples that reformations
come, and Mrs. Bradwell offered herself as a living
example of the injustice of the law. A woman of
learning, genius, industry and high character,
editor of the first law journal in the West, forbid-
den by law to practice law, was too much for the

public conscience, tough as that conscience is. ' '
Although Mrs. Bradwell, with Miss Hulett,
was instrumental in securing the passage of a
law in Illinois granting to all persons, irrespec-
tive of sex, freedom in the selection of an occu-
pation, profession or employment, she never re-
newed her application for admission to the Bar.
Twenty years after, the judges of the Supreme
Court of Illinois, on their own motion, performed
a noble act of justice and directed license to prac-
tice law to be issued to her, and March 28, 1892,
upon motion of Attorney-General Miller, Mrs.
Bradwell was admitted to practice before the Su-
preme Court of the United States.

A pioneer in opening the legal profession for
women, Myra Bradwell' s signal service to her
sex has been in the field of law reform. Finding
women and children without adequate protection
in the law, she devoted herself with the zeal of
an enthusiast to secure such protection. One of
the most wonderful phases of her character was
the power which she exerted in securing these
changes in the law.

It is interesting in this connection to note that
she was the only married woman who was ever
given her own earnings by special act of the
Legislature. She drafted the bill giving a mar-
ried woman a right to her own earnings. A case
in point, so monstrous in its injustice, gave an
added impetus to her zeal. A drunkard, who
owed a saloon-keeper for his whisky, had a wife
who earned her own living as a scrubwoman,
and the saloon-keeper garnisheed the people who
owed her and levied on her earnings to pay her
husband's liquor bill. It needed but an applica-
tion like this for her to succeed in her efforts to
pass the bill. She also secured the passage of
the law giving to a widow her award in all cases.
Believing thoroughly in the principle enunciated
by John Stuart Mill, "of perfect equality, admit-
ting no privilege on the one side nor disabil-
ity on the other," she was an enthusiastic sup-
porter of the bill granting to a husband the
same interest in a wife's estate that the wife had
in the husband's. While holding most advanced
views upon the woman question, she recognized
that the prejudice of years cannot be overcome in

138

MYRA BRADWELL.

a day, and that the work must be done by de-
grees.

She therefore never missed an opportunity to
try to secure any change in the law which would
enlarge the sphere of woman. With this purpose
in view, she applied to the Governor to be ap-
pointed Notary Public. Finding her womanhood
a bar to even this humble office, she induced her
husband, who was in the Legislature, to intro-
duce a bill making women eligible to the office of
Notary Public, which bill became a law. The
bill drafted by her husband permitting women to
act as school officers, and which was passed while
he was in the Legislature, received her hearty sup-
port. In all the reforms which Mrs. Bradwell se-
cured, she was not acting as the representative of
any organization, but they were secured through
her personal influence. Twice Mrs. Bradwell
was honored by special appointment of the Gov-
ernor, being appointed a delegate to the Prison
Reform Congress at St. Louis; and it was mainly
by her efforts that women, after a severe contest,
were allowed a representation on the list of officers,
she declining to accept any office herself; subse-
quently she was appointed by the Governor as
one of the Illinois Centennial Association to repre-
sent Illinois in the Centennial Exhibition of 1876.

Mrs. Bradwell circulated the call for the first
Woman Suffrage Convention held in Chicago,
in 1869, and was one of its Vice-Presidents. She
was one of the active workers in the suffrage
convention held in Springfield in 1869, and for a
number of years one of the executive committee
of the Illinois Woman Suffrage Association. She
also took an active part in the convention at
Cleveland which formed the American Woman's
Suffrage Association. Once only was she per-
mitted to exercise the right of suffrage. Under
the recent school law in Illinois she cast her bal-
lot for the first and last time, her death occurring
on the fourteenth day of February, 1894.

A thorough Chicagoan, in the life, progress
and best interests of her city she had a citizen's
interest and a patriot's pride. She was untiring
in her efforts to secure the World's Fair for Chi-
cago, accompanied the commission to Washing-

ton, and rendered valuable services there in ob-
taining the location of the Exposition in Chicago.
She was appointed one of the Board of Lady
Managers, and was Chairman of the Committee
on Law Reform of its auxiliary congress. It is
interesting to note that the woman who labored
so courageously, persistently and effectively to
secure for women their rights was herself a rep-
resentative in the first national legislature of
women to be authorized by any Government.

Mrs. Bradwell was the first woman who be-
came a member of the Illinois State Bar Associa-
tion and the Illinois Press Association; was a
charter member of the Soldiers' Home Board,
the Illinois Industrial School for Girls, the Wash-
ingtonian Home, and the first Masonic chapter
organized for women in Illinois, over which she
presided; was a member of the Chicago Women's
Club, the daughters of the American Revolution,
the Grand Army Relief Corps, the National Press
League and the Woman's Press Association.

A gentle and noiseless woman, her tenderness
and refinement making the firmness of her char-
acter all the more effective, Mrs. Bradwell was
one of those who live their creed instead of preach-
ing it. Essentially a woman of deeds, not words,
she did not spend her days proclaiming on the
rostrum the rights of women, but quietly, none
the less effectively, set to work to clear away the
barriers.

A noble refutation of the oftimes expressed be-
lief that the entrance of women in public life
tends to lessen their distinctively womanly char-
acter, she was a most devoted wife and mother,
her home being ideal in its love and harmony.
She was the mother of four children', two of whom
survive her, Thomas and Bessie, both lawyers,
and the latter the wife of a lawyer, Frank A.
Helmer, of the Chicago Bar.

Of this gifted and honored lady it has been
truthfully said: "No more powerful and convinc-
ing argument in favor of the admission of women
to a participation in the administration of the
Government was ever made than may be found
in Myra Bradwell' s character, conduct and
achievements."

JOHN FRINK.

139

JOHN FRINK.

(7OHN FRINK, who was probably as well

I known as any man in the United States, out-
G) side of National public life, was a leader in
the operation of transportation lines before the
days of railroads, as well as in railroad building
and operation. He was born at Ashford, Con-
necticut, October 17, 1797, and died in Chicago
May 21, 1858. He represented the seventh gen-
eration of his family in America, being descended
from John Frink, who settled at New London,
Connecticut, previous to 1650. The last-named
took part in King Philip's War, as a Colonial sol-
dier, and for his services in that conflict was
awarded by the General Court of Connecticut a
grant of two hundred acres of land and permis-
sion to retain his arms.

John Frink, the father of the subject of this
notice, removed about 1810 from Ashford, Con-
necticut, toStockbridge, Massachusetts, becoming
the proprietor of the Stockbridge Inn, a noted
hostelry, which is still kept there. He afterward
kept taverns at Northampton and Palmer, Mass-
achusetts. His death occurred at the latter place
in 1847, at the age of sixty years.

While a young man, John Frink, whose name
heads this article, started out in the operation of
a stage line. One of his first ventures was the
establishment of a stage line between Boston and
Albany, by way of Stockbridge. His partner in
this enterprise was Chester W. Chapin, ofSpring-
field, Massachusetts, afterward conspicuous in
railroad operations. A branch to New York City
was soon added, and the undertaking was entire-
ly successful, becoming a prosperous medium of
travel. Mr. Frink was subsequently instrument-
al in the establishment of a stage line between
Montreal and New York, an undertaking of con-
siderable magnitude in those days.

About 1830 he made a trip, by way of Pitts-
burgh, to New Orleans, and was so favorably im-
pressed with the development and progress of the

West that he determined to transfer the field of
his operations to a new territory. Accordingly,
in 1836, he came to Chicago, and soon after his
arrival purchased the stage line in operation be-
tween Chicago and Ottawa, Illinois. He soon
afterward established a connecting line of steam-
boats on the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, be-
tween the latter point and St. Louis, and the
route thus completed immediately became a pop-
ular thoroughfare. Another stage line was short-
ly afterwards put into operation between Galena
and Chicago, by way of Freeport. Galena was
then the metropolis of the Northwest, and this
line of stages became the most important over-
land route of travel in that region. Another ex-
tensive undertaking was the establishment' of
stages between Chicago and Madison, Wisconsin.
The business was conducted at the outset by the
firm of John Frink & Company, later known as
Frink & Walker. This became one of the most
powerful business concerns in the Northwest, and
its operations eventually extended to Des Moines,
Iowa, and Fort Snelling, Minnesota. All compe-
tition was driven out of the way, even though
business was sometimes conducted for a season at
a loss, in order to maintain their supremacy. An
immense number of men and horses was em-
ployed. The stage sheds were located at the
northwest corner of Wabash Avenue and Ran-
dolph Street, with extensive repair shops adja-
cent; and the principal stage office was on the
southwest corner of Dearborn and Lake Streets,
opposite the Tremont House, then the principal
hotel of Chicago.

One of the most important features of the busi-
ness was the carriage of the United States mails,
and the securing and care of the contracts for the
same kept Mr. Frink in Washington a large por-
tion of the time, and brought him in contact and
intimate acquaintance with the leading politicians
and public men of the nation. These contracts,

140

O. B. PHELPS.

which involved large sums of money, were faith-
fully carried out, a fact which enabled him to
hold them in spite of aggressive competition. He
was a man of rare executive ability, excelling the
various partners with whom he was associated in
that respect to such a degree that he was kept
constantly on the move to regulate the adminis-
tration of business. He was a man of fine phys-
ical make-up and of most unusual colloquial and
conversational abilities, which made him popular
in any circle where he chanced to be. He was
extremely fastidious in dress and the care of his
personal appearance, and required the most scru-
pulous care and thrift in all his employes. No
man who failed to keep matters under his charge
in first-class order could remain a day in his em-
ploy.

When the steam locomotive became a practical
success, Mr. Frink at once saw that it would su-
persede the horse as a means of propelling pas-
senger vehicles. He accordingly began to close
out his interests in the stage business, transfer-
ring his capital and energy to railroad building
and operation. He was one of the prime movers
in the construction of the Chicago & Galena Un-
ion Railroad, and also the Peoria & Oquawka,
now a part of the great Burlington System, and
in the Peoria & Bureau Valley Railroad, at pres-
ent a branch of the Rock Island System. He
did not live to witness the ultimate completion
of these lines, but their success vindicated his
foresight and judgment.

Mr. Frink was first married to Martha R.

Marcy, who died in Chicago in 1839, leaving
three children: John, Harvey and Helen. The
last-named became the wife of Warren T. Hecox,
one of the original members of the Chicago Board
of Trade, and all are now deceased. For his
second wife he chose Miss Harriet Farnsworth,
who was born in Woodstock, Vermont, July 2,
1810, and died at Wheaton, Illinois, March 7,
1884. Her father, Stephen Farnsworth, was a
descendant of Matthias Farnsworth, an early set-
tler of Groton, Massachusetts. The descendants
of the last-named, in direct line, were Samuel,
who was born at Groton, October 8, 1669; Steph-
en, born in 1714, died at Charleston, New Hamp-
shire, and who took part in the French and Indian
War, in which two of his brothers were killed.
Stephen, Jr., father of Mrs. Frink, was born in
Charleston, New Hampshire, June 20, 1764. He
moved to South Woodstock, Vermont, where he
became a prominent fanner and miller. He
served as a member of the Vermont Legislature,
and was a Justice of the Peace for a great many
years.

Mrs. Harriet Frink was one of the earliest
members of St. James' Episcopal Church of Chi-
cago