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" 1ST I 0^-. 5- 



Sacbarb CoUege libxavs 



FROM TBa BUtpEST OF 

EDWARD HENRY HALL 



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^Ititne ^ap^tne 



OF 



BIOGRAPHY, BIBLIOGRAPHY, CRITICISM, 

AND THE ARTS. 



VOLUME . I.— 1839. 




LONDON : 

PRINTED BY JOSEPH MASTERS, 33, ALDERSGATE STREET. 

PUBLISHED FOR THE PROPRIETORS, BY SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & Co. 

I 

MDCCCXXXIX. 



V 



a^^ 



A 



JAN 10 1914 






BOUND m ♦ '"* 



PREFACE. 



The first volume of The Aldine Magazine is now before the public. To the 
Booksellers, for the warm patronage which they have extended towards it, the 
earliest thanks of its Editors and Proprietors are due. It was upon the suggestion 
of their bookselling ftiends, that they essayed to raise their publication from the humble 
rank of a weekly paper to the more elevated station of a Monthly Miscelkby of general 
literature. The change has enabled them to present a work of improved and heightened 
character. 

Next to the Booksellers, the Editors of The Aldine Magazine feel 
themselves deeply indebted to their Brethren of the Press, Metropolitan and Provincial, 
for the free, and kind, and liberal support which, frt)m all quarters, and with unstinted 
hand, they have most generously awarded to their laboiu^. In the support thus rendered, 
they have evinced that liberal and high-minded esprit de corps by which all the pro- 
fessors and friends of Literature and the Arts ought to be indissolubly united 
and universally governed. 

To the Public at large, the thanks of the Editors and Proprietors of The 
Aldine Magazine are duly and gratefully tendered. 

In their endeavours to command success, the Editors entertain a modest confidence 
that they have amply fulfilled every leading promise of their original Prospectus. Their 
great object has been, to render their Miscellany useful and instructive as well as amusing ; 
and proof of their having achieved that object is abundantly found in the new sources of 
information and delight which have opened around them. 

The opening article of The Aldine Magazine of each succeeding month is appro- 
priated to the illustration of some popular topic of the hour. Thus, in turn, attention 
has been directed to The deduction lyf Postage, The Credit System, Steam Carritiges and 
Rail-Roads, Home and Foreign Manufactures^ Agriculture, The Fate of Louis XVII., 
The Copyright Bill, The Patronage of the Arts, Sfc, 

" The Annals of Authors, Artists, Books, and Booksellers," sketched 
in the " Letters of an Old Bookseller to his Son," present a fimd of curious 
information to all connected with the. "Trade," and to every lover of Literature 
and Art. 

The series of papers entitled " Points of the Month " has been greatly approved 
for its suggestive character. It may fedrly be said, that each of these papers suggests 
sufficient enquiry' and reading for a month. 

The " Select Necrology" must be regarded as a feature of Mnirersa/ interest. 

The Poetry, the Reviews, the critical and other matter, in The Aldine Magazine, 
must be allowed to speak for themselves. The Editors challenge comparison with the 
similar articles of any other Miscellany. 

The Aldine Magazine is the only English Monthly Periodical, devoted to 
Literature and the Arts, that can now be piu'chased for One Shilling per Number. 
Each Number has been allowed to contain as much matter, and matter of as high a 
quality, as is worth, and ought to be sold for, Half- a -Crown. 

>; 

\ 



v^ 



CONTENTS. 



PACK 

ORIGINAL PAPERS. 

Letters to my Son at Rome. — 

Dedication 1 

Letter I. — Introductory . 2 

Letter II 18 

Letter III. — Notice of the Rivington 
Famity . . ... 33 

Letter IV. — Liberality and Illiberality 
of Booksellers . . . .50 

Letter V. — ^Account of the Firm of 
Messrs. Longman and Co. ; Profits 
and Losses of the Trade ; Sergeant 
Talfourd's Bill; Pros and Cons be- 
tween Authors and Booksellers . 66 

Letter VI. — ^Authors and Booksellers; 
The Fate of Books; Notices of the 
Baldwin Family . . . .82 

Letter VII. — Notice of the Rev. Samuel 
Ayscough 99 

Letter VIII. — State of Literature ; Mrs. 
Maclean; Authors, Artists, Books, 
Booksellers, &c 114 

Letter IX. — Notice of the Robinsons 132 

Letter X. — Continued Notice of the 
Robinsons 156 

Letter XI. — Mr. Johnson of St. Paul's 
Church Yard and his Literary Con- 
nexions ...... 201 

Letter XII. — Addison, Pope, Steele, 
Swift, &c. — ^The Lintots, Jacob Ton- 
son, Andrew Millar, &c. . . 205 

Letter XIII. — Andrew Millar, Notes of 
Robin Lawless, &c 248 

Letter XIV. — Thomas Cadell, the Rev. 
Septimus Hodson, &c. . .251 

Letter XV.— Tom Smith, of the British 
Museum. — Nollekens the Sculptor, 
and his Wife. — Cadell and Davies. — 
Wm. Darton. — ^Vemor and Hood. — 
Crosby . * . . . .308 
The Aldine Triumvirate, Memoir of 

Aldus Manutius Romanus, 2,52, 100, 1 1 7y 

258. 
Men, Women, and Events op the 

Week before us, 5, 20, 38, 53, 71, 

88, 101, 118, 135. 
Men, Women, and Events of the 

Month before us, 171. 
Points of the Month, 211, 261, 315. 
Reduction of Postage .17 

The Cretht System .... 33 



The Railroads 

Steam Carriages and Railroads 



PAGB 

49 
65 

81 



The " Slang '^ Style 
Home Manufacture versus Foreign Manu- 
factures — Agriculture— The British Ma- 
rine, &c. ..... 97 

Agriculture and Steam . . . 113 

The Marriage System . . ', . 103 
Phrenology and Physiology : Treatises on 
Physiology and Phrenology, by P. M. 

Roget, M.D 120 

Church and State : The State in its Re- 
lations with the Church, by Gladstone . 140 
Turkish Tales.—Miss Pardoe . .162 

Mrs. Bray's Trials of the Heart . 219 

Russian Views of Conquest . . 268 

The English in Algiers ... 294 

The late James Bird and his Writings . 297 
The Fate of Louis XVIi: . . . 145 

Woman 158 

Serjeant Talfourd's Copyright Bill . . 193 
The Fate of Louis XVII. ... 195 
The Advantages of being Blind, H.C.D. 198 
Patronage of the Arts . . .241 
The Advantages of being BUnd, Part II. 255 
The Royal Academy of Arts . 289 
The Fate of Louis XVn. . . .129 
The Suicide System . . . .138 
Literary Property. — The French Copy- 
right Bill \ 141 

British Possessions in the East : Cutch, or 
Random Sketches in Western India, by 

Mrs. Postans 8 

The Stuart Dynasty : History of England 
from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace 
of Aix-la-Chapelle. by Lord Mahon . 32 
England's Proudest Boast: the Pictorial 

Edition of Shakspere . . . .40 
Life of an Actor of All-Work : Memoirs 
of Charles Mathews, Comedian, by 
Mrs. Mathews, Vols. I., II. . . 57 
The British Navy, Russia, &c. : Incidents 
of Travel in the Russian and Turkish 
Empires, by J. L. Stephens, Esq. . 74 

Mrs. TroUope : The Widow Bamaby . 90 
Society, Morals, aud Religion of Ger- 
many, &c. : Germany, Bohemia, Hun- 
gary, visited in 1837 .... 105 

Correspondence. — With the Editor: 

Dictionary of Kisses . . .10 

Water-marks in Paper . . 23 



w 



VI 



CONTENTS. 



PAOE 

From Rome 27 

The Greenwich Railway . -76 

From an " An Old Bookseller's Son" at 

Florence 108 

Phrenology and Physiology . . .166 
Rome in the Year 1839. From the Old 
Bookseller's Son . . . .217 
Inauguration of the Statue of Guttenherg 224 
Mr. Jermyn's Dictionary of Synonyms, 

Epithets, and Phrases . . . 267 
Naples, &c., in the Year 1839 . . 318 

POETRY. 

Music at Sea . . . . .56 

The Closing Year .... 74 

Death's Greeting . . . .103 

The Grave of L.E.L. ... 122 

The Dying Boy . . . .139 

The Poet's Prophecy, by Miss Pardoe . 156 
Song, (H. CD.). . . . . 155 

Alpine Flowers 161 

The Wreck, by the Author of the Siege 

of Zaragoza, &c 170 

Moorish Ballads 197 

April, by Miss Pardoe .... 200 

Impromptu 210 

Song 218 

Lines to ..... 224 

Moorish Ballads, No. 2 . . . . 24? 
Lines written in the Album of a Living 

Poet, by Miss Pardoe .... 254 
May, by Miss Pardoe .... 260 
Song, by Henry Brandreth, Esq. . . 266 
June, beautiful June .... 293 
The Dead to the Living .... 307 
The Past and Future . . . .311 

Moorish Ballads 312 

Truth 314 

SCRAPIANA. 

Dr. Parr and Dr. William Bennett, Bishop 

ofCloyne 11 

The Soldier's Wife . . . .11 

A Bishop's Potation . . . 11 
The Poet's Pen, (from the Greek of Mcne- 

crates) 12 

Lord Chesterfield . . . . 12 

The Eagle 12 

Remarkable Eye .... 28 
God save the King . . . .28 
Theatrical Salaries .... 28 
Female Knights of the Garter . . 43 
A Pleasantry of the late Duchess of Devon- 
shire 43 

Extraordinary Courage of a Game Cock 43 
The Waverley Novels . . . .43 

Prayer against the Small Pox . . 43 

Little Fishes 43 

Chatterton . . . . . 77 

Old Rules for purchasing Land . . 77 

Political Catalogue . . . . 77 

Macklin's Man of the World ... 87 

Area of Europe . . . . 91 

The Dukedom of Clarence . . . .92 

I'tility of Singing .... 92 
Longevity of Artists . . . .92 



VAOK 

Wai'drobe of George IV. . 92 

Increase of the Numbers of Mankind . 92 

The First Balloon .... 92 

Pronunciation of Polish Names . . 93 

Music and Cookery ... 98 
Change of Colour in the Plumage of Birds 

from Fear 109 

Arms of France ..... 109 

Royal Robes, &c .109 

The Original Macheath . . 109 

Esprit de la PoUtesse . . .109 

Lamb's Epitaph . . 110 

Price of a Portrait . . .110 

Artificial Wine . . . 110 

Sir George Rodney . . . .110 

Early Punctuation .* . . 110 

Zoological Weather Glass . . ,122 

A Specimen of Irish Currency in 1800 123 

Curious Handbill of a French Perfumer 123 

Old Plays .123 

Punning at Oxford . . - . .123 

Magna Charta ..... 138 

The Duchess d'Angouleme . . .142 

Buonaparte's Antipathies, &c. . . 143 
The Orleans Branch of the Bourbon Family 143 

The Name of Charles . . . \ 143 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 

Forget Me Not 

Heads of the People .... 

The Principles of Punctuation . 

The Natural History of the Sperm Whale ; 
its Anatomy and Physiology, Food, &c. 

Oliver Twist ; or, the Parish Boy's Progress 

The History of London 

Sketches of Judaism and the Jew s . 

The Millwrights' and Engineer's Pocket 
Director 

The Legal Guide 

An Enquiry into the Causes of Failure of 
Vaccination, &c. ..... 

The Arcanum ; comprising a concise Theory 
of Practicable, Elementary, and Defini- 
tive Geometry ..... 

Original Maxims for the Young . 

The Confessions of Adalbert . 

The Penny Mechanic and Chemist 

Knight's i^atent Illuminated Prints 

Knight's Patent Illuminated Maps . 

Spectacle Secrets . .- . . • 

The Village Magazine .... 

A Key to the Difficulties, Philological and 
Historical, of the First Book of Schiller's 
Thirty Years' War .... 

Choice Spirits ; or, the Palace of Gin 

Franklin's Journal of Income and Expenses 

Fables ; by the most eminent Britisl), 
French, German, and Spanish Authors . 

Poor Richard ; an Almanack for the Year 
1839 

The Bible Story Book . . . . 

Pawsey's Ladies' Fashionable Repository . 

Heads' of the People, taken off by Quizfizzz 

Incidents of Travel in tlic Russian and 
Turkish Empires .... 



12 
12 
13 

13 
14 
14 
14 

14 
14 

2^ 



2S 
28 
29 
29 
44 
44 
44 
45 

4:^ 
4b 
45 
45 

45 

45 
62 

(V2 

78 

93 



CONTENTS. 



Vll 



PAOS 



Letter to the Queen ou the State of the 

Monarchy 94 

Heads of the People, taken off hy Quizfizzz 94 
llie Handbook of Magic; and Endless 

Source of Amusement for the Fire-side 96 
Parle3r's Magazine for Girls and Boys, No. I. Ill 
Truth and Falsehood ; or, the Two Cousins 111 
Historical Sketch of the Rise, Progress, 
and Decline of the Reformation in 

Poland 123 

The Cathedral BeU .... 126 
The Bubbles of Canada . .126 

Blair's Mother's Catechisms 126 

South Australia in 1837 . 143 

The History of South Australia .178 

Ball's Graphic Library ... 180 

Stammering Practically Considered . .181 
Heads of the People .... 181 
Domestic Homoeopathy . .183 

Richelieu 226 

Architectural Hlustrations . . . 227 
The History of Napoleon Bonaparte 228 

The Family Sanctuary . . .229 

The Pictorial Edition of Shakspere. — Parts 

m. and IV 229 

Tales and Sketches 230 

South Australia 230 

Heads of the People . . .230 

Gertrude and Beatrice ; or, the Queen of 

Hunganr 231 

Travels of Minna and Godfrey in many 

Lands \ 231 

Heads from Nicholas Nickleby.— No. 1 232 
The Pictorial Edition of Shakspere, Parts 
V. and VI. . . . . . 274 

Hymns and Fireside Verses . . 276 

Minstrel Melodies 276 

Heads of the People .... 276 
The Naturalist . . . 278 

A Narrative of the Loss of the Ship Harriet 278 
The Illustrated Shakspere ... 320 
Notes of a Wanderer .321 

Cheveley ; or, the Man of Honour . 322 
Heads of the People .... 322 
The Unity of Disease . .323 

The History of Napoleon Bonaparte . 324 

The Madhouse 326 

The Oriental Herald .... 326 
The Education of the People . . 326 

Splendid Library Edition of Fables 326 

Thb Thbatbbs, Concerts, &c. 14, 29, 
46, 63, 78, 96, 111, 126, 187, 236, 281, 
330. 

SIGHTS OF THE METROPOLIS. 

Model of the Battle of Waterloo . 16 

Bayaderes 16 

Burford's Panorama .16 

The Adelaide Gallery of Science . . 16 

The Polytechnic Institution .16 

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. 

Medico-Botanical Socie^, 16, 48, 144. 
Royal Asiatic Society, 30, 111, 144. 
Entomological Societ}' ... 30 



Western Literaiy and Scientific Institution 

Royal Institute of British Architects, 31, 
111. 

Architectural Society, 31, 127. 

Linnean Society, 31, 63. 

Geological Society, 31, 64, 112. 

Artists' Amateur Conversazione 

Royal Society, 32, 48, 64, 127. 

Zoological Society .... 

Society of Antiquaries .... 

Royal Greographical Society, 47, 128. 

Royal Academy of Arts .... 

Society of Arts, 47, 111. 

Meteorological Society, 47, 112. 

Statistical Society .... 

Society of Schoolmasters 

Electrical Society .... 

Royal Society of Horticulture and Agri- 
culture 

Aoyal Astronomical Society 

Horticultural Society 



30 



31 

32 
32 

47 



63 
64 
64 

111 
127 
127 



Royal Institution 143 



SELECT NECROLOGY. 

Mrs. Anne Grant .... 

Joseph Lancaster 

Mr. James Moyes, Printer 

Dr. Pouqueville .... 

Mrs. Maclean, late " L. E. L." 

Edmund Lodge, Esq. . 

Lady Throckmorton 

The Duke of Buckingham 

Sir John Elley .... 

The Duchess Countess of Sutherland 

Sir William Beechey . 

James Boaden, Esq. 

Edward Chatfield, Esq. 

Lord St. Helen's 

Charles Rossi, Esq. R.A. 

James Lonsdale, Esq. 

Mrs. Pope .... 

Professor Rimiud 

Sir Herbert Taylor 

James Bird, the Suffolk Poet 

John Gait, Esq. . 

Thomas Barker, Esq. 

Peter Tumerelli . 

The Bishop of Peterborough 

Thomas Haynes Bayly, Esq. 

Mr. Battier 

The Earl of Essex 

The Dean of Ely . 

Fernando Paer 

Robert Millhouse 

Henry Harris, Esq. 

Th^ Earl of Powis . 



VARIETIES. 



Eau de Colore 

Local Prejudices ... 

Bon Mot 

Copy of a Letter written by a Poet to his 

Tailor 

Friendship 



30 
30 
79 
79 
95 
143 
184 
186 
186 
232 
232 
233 
233 
234 
236 
236 
236 
279 
279 
280 
280 
280 
281 
326 
327 
327 
327 
327 
328 
329 
329 
329 



25 
56 
62 

80 
80 



I 



vm 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

The Facetious Surgeon E . ^^0 

Blackfiiars Bridge . . . 80 

Scarcity of Thieves 80 

Printing and Binding . . . 80 

A Latin Assistant 80 

Home Tooke, and Wilkes ... 80 
Letter of Bernard Lintot, the Bookseller 170 
Receipt of John Nourse, Bookseller, to 

Dr. Pococke 177 

Bill of Parcels of Jacob Tonson the Book- 
seller 210 

Classification of English Family Names 260 

Letter of Whitfield 267 

Letter of John Baskerville, Printer, &c. to 

Mr. Livy -311 

College Squibs. — ^No. L . . .314 
Letter from Elizabeth Carter to Miss High- 
more 319 

FINE ARTS' EXHIBITIONS. 

The British Institution, 188, 237, 282, 332. 
Society of British Artists, 237, 282. 
Burford's Panoramas .... 238 
New Society of Painters in Water Colours, 

283, 332. 
Parris's Picture of the Coronation . 284 
Miscellaneous Sights .... 284 
Royal Academy 330 

LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, AND MISCEL- 
LANEOUS MEMORABILIA. 

Law of Copyright . . . .189 
New Art of Sun Painting . . .190 

Windsor Castle and the Court Journal . 191 

The Literary Fund 238 

New Coinage 238 



The British Association 

New Art of Sun Painting . 

Genius in Distress . 

The National Gallery . 

Drawings from the Louvre 

United Service Institution 

Destruction of the French Diorama 

British Engravers ' 

Literature and Art . 

Encouragement of Literature 

Scientific Education in Turkey 

The Photogenic Art 

Reproduction of Statuary 

The Albion Press 

Curious and Unique Volume 

Literary Fund 

Invention of I/ithography 

Gothic Architecture 

Convocation of Booksellers 

Odd and Rare Etchings 

Royal Society of Literature 

The Copyright Bill 

Literary Fund 

Cranmer's Bible . 

National Galleiy 

Artists' Benevolent Fund 

Assam Tea 

Queen Elizabeth's Statue 

Improvement in Steam-Ships 

The Wheel Rifle . 



PAOX 

. 238 
238 

. 238 
238 

. 239 
239 
239 
239 
239 
285 
285 
285 
285 
285 
286 
286 
286 
286 
286 

287 

333 

333 

333 

333 

333 

333 

334 

334 

334 

334 



Booksellers' Autograph Illustrations . 191 

To Subscribers and Correspondents, 16, 

32, 48, 64, 80, 112, 128, 191, 239, 287, 

334. 
Works in the Press, 16, 32, 80,96, 112, 

128, 191, 287. 
Books Just Published, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 

96, 112, 128, 144, 191, 240, 287, 335. 



THE 



ALDINE MAGAZINE 



OF 



3Bfojrrap]&p, 3BftIfosrrapf)p, Critufem, an& tl&e arts;* 



Vol. I. No. 1. 



DECEMBER 1, 1838. 



Price 3rf. 



For the Accomodation of Subscribers in the Country, and Abroad, the Weekly Numbers of The Aldine Magtunne are 
ie>issaed in Monthly Parts, and forwarded with the oUier Magazines.— Orders received by all Booksellers, Newsyenders, &c. 



LETTERS TO MY SON AT ROME. 



DEDICATION. 
My deab Son, 

A brother bibliopole, about forty- five years 
ago, wrote and published " Memoirs of the 
Forty-five First Years of his Life," in a series 
of letters to a friend, with the following triple 
dedication : — 

Ist. To the public. 

2nd. To that part of the numerous body of 
booksellers of Great Britain and Ireland, whose 
conduct JUSTLY claimed the addition of ke- 

SPBCTABLE. 

(And lastly, though not least, iafamey) 
3id. To those sordid and malevolent book- 
SBLLBRs; whether they resplendent hve in state- 
ly mansions, or in wretched huts of dark and 
grovelling obscurity ; to whom he says — 
** V\\ give every one a smart lash in my way.*' 
Now this personage, of whom I shall have to 
give an extended memoir, with anecdotes, in 
their proper place, had fair causes, great ob- 
jects, and weighty motives for adopting his 
mode of procedure, which succeeded to the ex- 
tent of his " most sanguine expectations.*' 

My first object is to gratify my vanity in en- 
deavouring to amuse the public ; my second, to 
benefit myself; — and I would not desire a more 
powisrful distich applied to me than the follow- 
^t by my old friend Pindar,* to the venerable 
and worthy John Nichols and his Gentleman's 
Magazine : — 

^ John^s Magazine all Magazines excels, . 
And what's still better too for John-^ii sells /" 

The phrase, " it sells" is so well understood 
by every bookseller, that its mention requires no 
^^gy ; Qor shall I offer any for dedicating a 
certain portion of my bibliographical labours to 
you, although in a style so d^erent from the 
one which you suggested, after the publication 
of my introductorjc volume of " Fifty Years' 
Rbcollbctions of an Old Booksbllbb." 

♦ I pubUshed for Peter Findar, (the late Dr. 
John Wolcot,) for five years. 
VOL. X. iro, X. 



That work, with my retrospection, crude as it 
was, is nearly out of print. Its general features 
came down only to the period of 1785. I have, 
therefore, nearly fifty-four years* material to lay 
before you and the public. 

The style you advised me to adopt of writing 
plain facts into agreeable fictions does not 
suit either my talent or my taste, (if I possess 
either,) nor would it meet the taste of the pub- 
lic, unless I could infuse the wizard-like spell 
of a Scott, or the lofty imagination or profound 
classical attainments of a Croly. I have no pre- 
tensions to the school of either ; my intention 
is ^merely to st&te facts, and their results, as 
they occurred. 

Although you are now treading on classic 
ground, you are aware that / left a country 
school at twelve years of age ; and was engaged, 
like Cincinnatus, in agricultural pursuits till 
fourteen, when I proceeded to London, imme- 
diately after the demise of Dr. Samuel John- 
son, 13th December, 1784. To this event I 
formerly alluded, as indirectly leading me to be 
articled in 1785 to Mr. Thomas Evans, an emi- 
nent bookseller of that day, (in Paternoster 
Row,) and with whom my brother had been ar- 
ticled from the year 1778. 

Of the experience and vicissitudes of my 
eventful and varied life, you and the public 
have yet to be informed through the succeeding 
pages, addressed to you in a series of letters ; 
a form that wiU admit of unlimited digressions, 
and of objects diverging from each other, with- 
out running into a dry and tedious detail, or 
causing those unpleasant breaks and interrup- 
tions to which a common narrative might be 
deemed liable. 

For this mode, too, I have the precedent — 

1st. Of an old bibliopoHst, noticed at the 
commencement of this dedication. 

2ud. The plain unsophisticated style of Hec- 
tor St. John, the supposed " American Farmer," 
whose feelings, habits, manners, and views so 
much accord with my own, had Providence 
Spared me a few paternal acres, or that, like his, 
my only landlord were the Lord of all land. 

3rd. The Letters of a Montague. 

B 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



4th. The Letters of Ignatius Sancho, (could 
I happily follow his diction,) a black, vulgarly 
called a negro, or nfigur^ whose freedom of style 
often gratified me. 

5th. The powerftd Letters of Paul to his 
Kinsfolk; and 

6th. The pla3rful Letters of Peter to his 
Kinsfolk. 

Surely then there can be no impropriety in 
my thus addressing my lucubrations to you. 
My dear Son, I am. 

Your affectionate Father, 

An Old Bookseller, 



LETTER I. 

Aldine ChamberSf Paternoster RoWf 
London, Oct. 24, 1838. 
My dear Son, 

I date this from a spot of classic name ; to 
you, who are luxuriating in aregion of classic glory 
—upon the very soil on which, in yourueighbour- 
hood of Bassiano and the Pontine MarsheSt 
Aldus Manutius drew his earliest breath. I 
was glad to hear that you had quitted Rome for 
a time, and again sojourned at Florence, that 
city of palaces, and which appears to have gra- 
tified you more than Pisa.x Your return, how- 
ever, to the Eternal City was requisite ; and 
the kind attention paid you by the venerable 
Thorwaldsen, (that heaven-inspired sculptor,) 
— by yoiu: brother artists, architects as well as 
painters and sculptors, — and by the British no- 
bility, — ^will, I trust, enable you at some future 
day to become the architect of your own fortupe. 
At all events, this attention and your letters 
are eminently gratifying to an old man, hasten- 
ing on to the septuagenarian. 

To return to the Aldine Chambers, and 



Prom these chambers my letters will be con- 
veyed to you as " part and parcel'* of " The 
Aluine Maoazutb." 

It is from this port, or harbour, that the 
Aldine vessel is to get under weigh weekly and 
monthly, with its cargo of literary merchan- 
dize, as stated in its original manifest ; and 
as I have changed my position in the land ser- 
vice of others, in the language of Dryden, to 

*' You authentic witnesses I bring 
Of thiB my manifest, that never more 
My hand shall combat on the crooked shore.'^ 

I rest my hope on the Aldine anchor, and its 
little bark, wluch will ever be freighted with 
variety. On the arrival of its contents at 
Rome, I have to request you will return an ex- 
change of commodity, acceptable and interest- 
ing to the literary world. 

The booksellers and bookish world have al- 
ready anticipated the objects of the Aldine 
Magazine, and express themselves warmly in 
its favour. Some, well acquainted with the sub- 
ject, observe that no publisher, or wholesale or 
retail bookseller, or his assistants, should be 
without it as it passes through the press. 

Yesterday was my birthday. Your dear 
sister Mrs. C, and nine of my grandchildren 
out of fifteen, spent the day with your aged and 
affectionate mother and me. They were all in 
ruddy health, and, like Aurora, they " ushered 
in the mom." I regretted that my great grand* 
children also were not with me ; but they are 
still in Warwickshire, reclining on the banks of 
the Avon. I must rest upon my oars, for 

** The iron tongue of midnight hath told twelve/' 

and apprised me that I must conclude. 

Your affectionate Father, 

An Old Bookseller. 



early associations. Nearly fifty four years have 

elapsed since I first beheld Mr. Stanley Crow- I P.S. After the biographical sketch of the 



der on these premises, surrounded by his dozen 
clerks, and double that number of black leather 
water buckets, hung around his warehouse in 
case of fire. This impressed me with an idea 
of his respectability and consequence. He was, 
indeed, one of the most eminent booksellers of 
that day. He graduated with the celebrated 
Sir James Hodges, bookseller, at the sign of 
the Looking Glass, on Old London Bridge, and 
who made himself conspicuous in voting the 
freedom of the city to the late Earl Chatham. 

The present proprietor of the Aldine Cham- 
bers is Mr. Bagster, the printer and publisher 
of the exquisite Polyglotts, in various sizes, of 
the ** ComjMTehensive book of Holy Writ ;" a 
performance that will render his name as impe- 
rishable as the name of Aldits, after whom he 
has appropriately designated the property. 



Aldine Triumvirate, will be given memoirs of 
the most emin^[it persons connected with Ute- 
rature in the olden times, with their vsurious 
marks, &c. ; and, what will] create considera- 
ble interest in the present race, anecdotes of 
some of the most respectable booksellers and 
others of our own time and their ancestors, for 
three, four, and even five generations. 



THE ALDINE TRIUMVIRATE. 

The " invention of printing " is a subject which 
has exercised many pens, and has elicited 
volumes upon volumes ofgpfcitroversy. Mr. 
Timperley, in his very useful " Biographical, 
Chronological, and Historical Dictionary of the 
Most Remarkable Persons and Occurrences 



^'i; 



■•^- 



hj.^ 



THB AI.DIN1 MAOAZINIS. 



i8BDeot04 widi the Ait ef Typogmphy," after 
pilmg mare than qh^ Iw^dred arguments and 
opi|ii(Hi8 cm the priwty of daims to the inyen- 
tioii, draws this conclusu^ : — ** That to John 
GuTXVBBBO is due the appellation of the Father 
of PriiUing ; to Pptbk Sohobffbe, that of 
FiUher of Letter' fmmdimg } and to JohnFavbt, 
that oi the Generous Patron, by whose means 
the wondrous discovery of the art of Printing 
was brought rapidly to perfection/' 

At a ftttme season it is our intenticm to pre- 
sent tk» solders of Tkb AijiurB Maoazine 
with notices of the eiirly printers ; and, of the 
more eminent, to in8^rt thisir distinctive mono- 
grams and private marks. In the case imme- 
diately before us the name and fame of Aldus 
wen 80 nearly eoeval with the ^t exercise of 
the noble art, and were at an early period so 
inseparably associated with the most elegant 
productions of die press, tiiat we prefer plung- 
8if at <x}0e, til medias res, and gleaning, from 
viiriaus sources, a concise account of the AUine 
Triiimoirate — ^father, son, and grandson — ^by 
whom, for more than a century, the business 
of typography was carried on with a degree of 
success never yet surpassed, or even rivalled. 

AccordingtoRenoiifurd(in his Annales de /'tm- 
pimerie des Aides), Tiraboski,* the Biographic 
Universelle, and o^er authorities, Aldus Manu- 
lius was bom at Sassian, or Bassiana, a littie 
town in the duchy of Lermonetta, in the Ro- 
man territory, about the year 1446 or 1447. 
He is thought to have been of Jewish extrac- 
tion. His christian name, Aldus, was a con- 
traction of Theobaldusi bis surname was 
Manutios, or Manuzzio, to which he some- 
times added the appellation of Eius, or Bassi- 
anns, or Romanus. The first of these appella- 
tives was assumed by Aldus in 1 509, from his 
having been the tutor of Albertus Pius, a prince 
of the noble house of Carpi, and to whom the 
grateful printer dedicated the Organon of Aris- 
tode, in 1495; the second was derived from 
his birth-place. 

The education of Aldus Manutius was re- 
cdved at Rome and at Ferrara : in the latter 
town he learned Greek imder Baptista Guarino. 
As indicated above, he became tutor to Albertus 
Kus, Prince of Carpi. In 1482 he left Ferrara, 
with his noble pupil, to reside at Mirandola, 
with the celebrated Pius Mirandola.f It was 

* Girolamo Tiraboschi, bora at Bergarao in 1731, 

Mied in 1794, was librarian and counsellor to the 

Duke of Modena, by whom he was knighted. He 

"Was the author of a History of Italian Literature, in 

sixteen volumes, quarto, and other works. 

tibia John Picus,{youngest son of John Francis 
Picas, Prince of Mirandola^ appears to have been 



at tbis pmod that Aldus first canceiyed the 
idea of establishing a printing office. About 
the year 1488 he is believed to have taken up 
his residence at Venice, as a spot eligible for 
maturing his plans ; and in 1494, or 1495, he 
sent fortii the first production of his press. 

In the course of the ensuing twenty years 
Manutius printed the works of the most ancient 
Latin and Greek authors, as well as many 
productions of his contemporaries. Whilst he 
paid the most sedulous attention to the affairs 
of his printing office, he carried on a very ex- 
tensive correspondence with the literati of 
Europe ; he established an academy in his own 
house, delivered lectures, and explained the 
classics to a numerous auditory of students ; 
and even found time to compose a Latin Gram- 
miar, a Treatise on the Metres of Horace, a 
Greek Dictionary, and several other works cha- 
racterised by profound learning and an exten- 
sive variety of knowledge. So absorbed was 
Aldus in his professional duties, that, having 
ordered his other essentially necessary affiedrs, 
it was his custom to shut himself up in his 
study, and there to employ himself in revising 
his Gbreek and Latin manuscripts, in reading 
tiie letters which he received from the learned 
in all parts of the worid, and in writing answers 
to them. To prevent interruption by imperti- 
nent visits, he caused the following inscription 
to be placed over the door of his sanctum : — 

" Whoever you are, Aldus earnestly entreats you 
to dispatch your business as soon as possible, and 
thai ^part; unless you come hither, like another 
Hercules, to lend him some friendly assistance ; for 
here will be work sufficient to employ you, and as 
many as enter this place.'' 

This inscription was afterwards adopted, for 
a similar purpose, by the learned Oporinus, a 
printer, of Basil. 

Aldus Manutius was the inventor of the 
italic, or cursive character, which was first cut, 
under his instructions, by Francesco of Bo- 

another admirable Crichton. He was bom in 1463. 
At the age of eighteen he is said to have been master 
of eighteen languages, and was accounted a prodigy 
of erudition. Master of all the liberal arts, an ad- 
mirable poet, and a skilful disputant, he, in 1486, 
went to Kome, where he published a challenge, of?'er- 
ing to dispute on nine hundred propositions on differ- 
ent subjects. Instead, however, of being answered as 
he expected, a charge of heresy was brought against 
him, and he was compelled to leave the eternal city. 
Settling at Florence, on a^ estate given to him by 
Lorenzo de Medici, he devoted his latter years to the 
study of theology. He died in 1496. It may not 
be thought unamusing to add, that his works were 
printed at Strasburgh,^ in the year 1507, by a printer 
named Knobloch ; when tlie errata of a single volume 
occupied^een/o/io pagtt ! 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



logna ; and for his exclusive use, for a term of 
years, he obtained a patent from the Pope and the 
Senate of Venice. It was said to be in imita- 
tion of the hand- writing of Petrarch. The first 
book printed in this letter was an edition of 
the works of Virgil (Virgilius ; Venet : apud 
AldumJ in ocJtavo, in 1601. A copy of this 
performance was sold at Mr. Dent's sale for 
the sum of 23/. 25. Objections, however, have 
been urged against this type, in its original 
form, as too stiff and angular, and faulty in a 
technical view on account of- the number of 
letters connected together. 

Aldus had no fewer than nine descriptions 
of Greek types ; speaking of which, Mattaire 
says : — " lus characters were large, round, 
beautiful, and elegant, adorned with frequent 
ligatures, which added great beauty to his edi- 
tions." No one before Aldus printed so much, 
and so beautifully, in the Greek language. Of 
the Latin character he procured fourteen kinds, 
most of which were eminently beautiful. In 
some of his editions of the classics, he gave the 
Greek text, and then the Latin translation; 
and his was the invention of so ** imposing" a 
work, that the purchasers might, at pleasure, 
bind up the respective versions either singly or 
together, one language interleaving the other. 
The mode of printing two languages in oppo- 
site columns was not adopted till the year 
1590. 

Of Hebrew types, Aldus had three sorts. 
In the year 1 .501 he wrote and printed an In- 
troduction to the Hebrew tongue ; and about 
the same time, or probably two or three years 
earlier, he printed the first leaf, in folio, of a 
proposed edition of the Bible in the Hebrew, 
Greek, and Latin languages. Thus, it was 
Aldus who had the honour of first suggesting 
the plan of a Polyglott Bible. The only known 
copy of the exquisitely precious fragment of 
typography here alluded to is in the Royal 
Library at Paris. 

Here, as particularly tending to illustrate 
the title of The Aldine Magazine, we pause 
to remark, that, as insignia of distinction, and 
probably also for the prevention of frauds, the 
earlier printers were accustomed to adopt pe- 
culiar marks— monograms, rebusses, or other 
devices — in the title-pages of their works. The 
device of Aldus was the Anchor and Dolphin, 
as displayed in the Prospectus, and on the 
wrapper, of The Aldine Magazine. This was 
borrowed from a silver medal of the Emperor 
Titus, presented to Aldus Manutius by Cardi- 
nal Bembus. On one side of the medal was 
the head of the Emperor ; on the reverse, a 
dolphin twisting itself round an anthor ; and 
the emblem, or hieroglyphic, is supposed to 



correspond with an adage {tnrtvh fipa^eiac) said 
to have been the favourite motto of Augastus. 

Erasmus, in his Adagia, under the head 
Festina lente, in explaining the device of his 
favourite printer, John Frobenius, of Basil *, 
ingeniously remarks :-:-" If princes on this side 
the Alps would encourage liberal studies with 
as much zeal as those of Italy, the serpents of 
Froben would not be so much less lucrative 
than the dolphin of Aldus. The latter lente 
fesiinans has deservedly gained for himself no 
less wealth than reputation. As to Frobenius, 
whilst he constantly carries his baculus or staff 
erect, with no other view than the public ad- 
vantage ; whilst he departs not from the sim- 
plicity of the dove ; whilst he exemplifiies the 
prudence of the serpent not more by his device 
than by his actions ; he is rich rather in repu- 
tation than in an estate." 

Still more to our purpose, in the way of il- 
lustration, is the following Impromptu, by that 
venerable bibliographer, the late Sir Egerton 
Brydges : — 

"Let your emblems, or devices, be a dove, or ^fah, 
or a musical lyre, or a naval anchor ^^ 

Would you still be safely landed. 

On the Aldine anchor ride; 
Never yet was vessel stranded 

With the dolphin by its side. 

Fleet is Wechel's flying courser, 
A bold and brideiess steed is he; 

But \vhen winds are piping hoarser. 
The dolphin rides the stormy sea. 

Stephens was a noble printer, 
Of knowledge firm he fixt his tree ; 

But time in him made many a splinter. 
As, old Elzevir, in thee. 

Whose name the bold Dig am ma hallows. 
Knows how well his page it decks ; 

But black it looks as any gallows 
Fitted for poor authors* necks. 

Nor time nor envy e*er shall canker 
The sign that is my lasting pride; 

Joy, then, to the Aldine anchor. 
And the dolphin at its side ! 

To the dolphin, as we*re drinking, 
Life, and health, and joy we send ; 

A poet once he saved from sinking, 
And still he lives — the poet's friend. 

With this poetic and cordial greeting the 
humble historian of The Aldinb Tbiumviratb 
makes his retiring bow tiU Saturday next. 

* Frobenius was born at Hammelberg, in Franco- 
nia, in 1460. Erasmus, who was his intimate friend, 
lodged in his house at Basil, and had all his works 
printed by him. Frobenius died in 1527. 



r 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



MEN, women; and EVENTS OF 
THE WEEK BEFORE US. 



Sdence of the Stare. — Advent Sunday. — Heroes, 
Puiiots, and their Opposites. — ^Bnonapaite and his 
Dynasty.— Wdlii^oD and Waterloo.— Character 
of James II. — ^Bdzoni, the Earl of Munster, and 
Sir John Soane's Alabaster Sarcopbagus.~-Car- 
dinal Richelieu. — ^Patronage of Men of Letteis. — 
Westall, the Royal Academician. — St. Nicholas 
and his Miracles. — General Monk and his Mar- 
riage. — ^Women Barbers. — ^The Duke and Duchess 
of Albemarle. — Cicero and Bookbinding. — Glue 
venas IndiaD Rubber. — ^Algernon Sydney and the 
French Ambassador. — Martial Ney and the Duke 
of Wellington. — Flaxman the Sculptor. 

Abb we Innatics or star-gazers ? Perhaps both. 
At all events, we commence onr lacubratioiis 
imder the direct infiaenoe of the foil moon ; her 
M^esty, Queen Lona — or the " chaste Dian," 
for whom Ehidymion si^ed — ^attaining, as those 
infiiflible oracles the almanacs assure us, her 
kigest apparent size at thirty-four minutes past 
eleven, a.m., on this present Saturday, Decem- 
ber the 1st, Anno Domini, MDCCCXXXVIII. 
That Ae moment is an auspicious one we can- 
sot doubt, since our friend J. V., eminently 
skilled in the occult science, has most carefully 
" cast a £gxire of the heavens/' and assured us 
that9and<7, and^andiQ^, andy*, ^, and$^, 
and Van Ambuigh and the beasts at Drury Lane 
Theatre, are all in blessed and happy conjunc- 
tion. — ^Further, let our astronomiccd friends bear 
in mind that Mercury, in the constellation Sa- 
gittarius, is an evening star throughout the 
numdi; and that Venus, in the constellations 
Sagittarius and Scorpio, is a morning star in 
the eaily part of the month, after which, until 
the end, it is invisible. 

To-morrow is Advent Sunday, on which no 
comment can here be requisite. 

Of heroes, and the reverse of heroes— of pa- 
triots, and of traitors — and of some who were 
nooonnected with any of these classes— we have 



a few words to say. 

Napoleon Buonaparte, the greatest and the 
bloodiest of modem conquerors, obtained the made a pilgrimage to that miraculous tomb. 



imperial crown on the ^d of December, 1804 ; 
and on the anniversary of that day in the suc- 
ceeding year he gained the memorable battle of 
Austerlitz. Where now is the man who, for a 
brief period, held one half of the world in awe ? 
Only thirty-four years have elapsed since the 
consummation of the first of the events here al- 
luded to. Seventeen years afterwards the self- 
crowned Emperor died, a prisoner and an ex- 
ile ; his bones were left to rot in obscurity in 
the distant Isle of St. Helena ; and the surviving 
members of his mushroom d3masty, extin- 
g^iiahed throughout Europe, are now litde bet- 



ter than solitary wanderers over the face of the 

earth ! 

^ Trembling before the lell usurper's throne. 
Long did the bleeding earth in anguish groan. 
Till JcsTicE rose, and with an arm of might 
Burst the foul spell that bound the world in night!'' 

Nor let it be forgotten that, by the directian 
of Heaven, Britain was the power by which the 
nations were set firee. We laugh to scorn the 
un-English spirit by which some of the dege- 
nerate writers of the present day are inspired-^- 
a spirit which would wiUingly rob England and 
her glorious soifS of their well-eamed fame. 
" Yes, Wellington, thy worth shall oft inspire 
The souls of British youth with martial fire ; 
And, Waterloo, thy name shall live in song. 
Oar children's children shall the note prolong ; 
For thine the day that gave to Albion*s isle 
The song of Joy, and Beauty's dearest smile ! 
Peace to the manes of the honoured dead I 
Soft be the turf that forms their hallowed bed ! 
May flowers perennial bless the verdant soil, 
Watered by Virtue's tears — guerdon of Virtue's 

toar 

What a different sovereign was James II. of 
England, who abdicated his throne on the 3ni 
of December, 1688, exactly a century and a 
half ago. His character was most anomalous. 
James appears to have been, physically, a brave 
man; morally, acoward. " He was," observes old 
Grranger, "what rarely happens, revengeful and 
valiant almost in the same degree, and displayed 
such courage in the first Dutch war, as rendered 
him more popular than all the other acts of his 
life.*' It should be remembered, to his credit, 
that he was the inventor of naval signals. Ac- 
cording to Smollett, he " frequently visited the 
poor monks of La Trappe, who were much edi- 
fied by lus humble and pious deportment." 
James lived nearly thirteen years in exile. His 
body was deposited in the monastery of the 
Benedictines at Paris ; his brain in the church 
of St. Andrew, belonging to the Scotch College 
in that city ; and his heart in the nunnery of 
Chaillot. Moreover, several miracles were al- 
leged to have been wrought at his tomb. Verily, 
we marvel that O'Connell should never have 



John Baptist Belzoni, the celebrated traveller 
in Egypt, whose feats of strength and agility at 
Asdey's are well remembered, died at Gate, in 
Africa, on the 3rd of December, 1823. The 
late Colonel Denham justly styled him the 
Prince of Travellers. The Earl of Munster, 
at that time Colonel Fitzclarence, when on his 
return over land from India to England in 
March, 1818, met Belzoni at the residence of 
Mr. Salt, at Cairo ; and it is due to the honour, 
humanity, and benevolence of his Lordship to 
state, that, finding the great explorer labouring 
under circumstances of gross injustice, he ex- 



\ 



6 



'tiii ALDlNB MA6AZ!nS. 



erted all his influence over the minds of the 
persons hostile to his efforts, and protected him 
from a threatened most cruel spoliation. Bel- 
zoni, observes Colonel Fitzclarence in his "Jour- 
nal/' " was the handsomest man I ever saw ; 
was above six feet high, and his commanding 
figure set off by a long beard." At the time 
here referred to, both Belzoni and Mr. Salt 
were enraptured with the beautiful alabaster 
sarcophagus which they had discovered, in what 
Belzoni supposed to be the tomb of the god 
Apis. This exquisite gem of antiquity is now 
to be seen in the collection of the late Sir John 
Soane, (presented to the nation,) in Lincoln's 
Inn Fields. Thus the ill-judged parsimony, or 
whatever else it might be, of the British Mu- 
seum, in declining its purchase, has beeil de- 
feated. Every resident in, and every visitor of 
the metropolis, ought to inspect Sir John 
Soane's collection, (gratuitously open,) were it 
only for the opportunity of viewing the alabaster 
sarcophagus. — Nearly ever since Belzoni's de- 
cease, his estimable widow, who shared his pri- 
vations and sufferings in most of his travels, has 
been residing in a state of poverty, and almost 
destitution, on the Continent. A few months 
ago, we believe, some pitiful pecuniary aid was 
doled out to her by the British Government. 

Cardinal Richelieu, happily designated the 
Talleyrand of his day, died on the 4th of De- 
cember, 1643 — ^nearly two hundred years ago 
— at the age of only fifty-seven. The character 
of this wily statesman, who certainly possessed 
brilliancy as well as versatility of tbient, is ad- 
mirably drawn in one of James's novels. He 
had, at least, the merit of patronising men of 
letters, and of causing the arts and sciences to 
flourish in his country. Mirabeau wisely said, 
that " kings and princes" (and he ought to have 
added ministers) " are inexcusable when they 
do not protect men of genius. Let them reflect 
on the characters of Augustus and Louis XIV. 
Could any thing but the encouragement of all 
ingenuity, of all genius, of all application — 
could any tlung else have gained them such 
maturity of fame ? Their political actions 
were not only faulty — ^they were detestable; 
yet, notwithstanding the blackest traits of cha- 
racter, we find them handed down to us as the 
greatest of monarchs. This is the result of 
well rewarding those who alone can confer im- 
mortality. Surely therefore monarchs should, 
through self-interest, if from no other motive, 
award liberal encouragement to the arts, sci- 
ences, and literature, as an unerring road to 
that fame which is so flattering even to them." 

The anniversary of Richelieu's death is also 
that of the death of Westall, the royal acade- 
mician. Richard Westall, a native, we believe. 



of Reepham, in Norfolk, was bom at)otit the 
year 1765. He was ofiginally intended for the 
profession of the law ; but, possessing an ele- 
gant and cultivated, though apparently not a 
powerful mind, poetry and the arts proved more 
congenial to his taste than the dry technicalities 
of legal proceedings. Thirty years ago he pub- 
lished a volimie entitled " A Day in Spring, 
and other Poems," which did him great credit. 
The name of Westall must be familiar to most 
of our readers as that of an illustrator of popu- 
lar works without number. Westall, however, 
was an artist of greater promise than perform- 
ance : many of his early productions were dis- 
tinguished by considerable talent, if not genius ; 
but, for the last thirty years of his liflb, he ad- 
vanced not one hair's-breadth in the |Nrogre»l 
of his vat. He was, if we mistake not, the in- 
structor of her present Mdjesty i notwith* 
standing which, and his long practice and ex^ 
tensive connezions, he failed in his endearouri 
tk> acquire a competence. A year or two be-^ 
fore his death, (which occurred on the 4th of 
December, 1836,) he was under the painfol 
necessity of parting wil^ a fine cdlection of 
paintingBi which had been more l^an a quarter 
of a eentuty in aeciiimilaHngi 

St. Nicholas — we do not here indicate the 
ubiquitous personage derisively styled Old Nidc» 
alias QM Harry, but the veiitablts Saiat Ni<* 
ohohiB of the Romish church, whose laatiTti 
stands in the calendar for the 6th c^ Dec^nber 
— ^was a wonder- working genius in lus way. 
He is th« patron sai&t of ehMdren» of virgins, of 
the Russian empire^ of the Doinirtidan mbtikB, 
of the Muscovite Laplanders^ of mariBers, &c. 
The Laplanders deposit little itnagds of tMs saint 
in the coffins of their deceased rdatiotis, aa on^ 
of the most able and strenuduii ad^oeates of the 
dead ; and even in the more ancient sea^ports 
of England, it was usual to place churches un- 
der his protection, and to enrich them by ofier«- 
ings £rom mariners, fishermoii merchants^ &c. 
Charles III. of Naples instituted an order of 
knighthood, called the Argonauts of St. Ni- 
cholas. In his youth, we may presimie him to 
have been a man of gallantry. It is related of 
him, that he was in the pleasant habit of thiow- 
ing stockings with marriage portions into young 
lakes' chambers ; and in consequence it became 
customary in nunneries, on the eve of St. Ni- 
cholas, for each of the young nuns to place a 
silk stocking at the door of the apartment of 
the lady abbess, with a piece of paper enclosed, 
recommending themselves to " Great St. Ni- 
cholas of her chamber." Next day the damsels 
were called together to witness the saint's at- 
tentions, when the stockings were always found 
ffled with sweetmeatSi &c., with ^McL a gene- 



■'*--1, 



THB ALDINB MAGAZINB. 



nl feast was made. Yet we kaow not how to 
leconcfle a notion of the gallantry of the saint 
with a (xinnter-statement, acconhng to which, 
when an in&nt, he was so pious that, upon 
Wedncadajrs and FVidaja, he ooald. never he 
pfefvailed npon to teceiwe the natmal nntii« 
ment of the l»eaBt« One of the mnltitiide of 
his miniGlea was the foiBamng i — ^Two childien 
had heen mnideied, cut into pieces, salted, and 
pot into a pickling tub with some pork. As 
" murder wOl out," the guilt was revealed to 
St Nicholas in a vision. He prayed that the 
Almighty would at once pardon the murderer 
and lestDre the dead to life. Scarcely was the 
piayer at an end, when the mangled, detached, 
ud pickled pieoes of the two youths were, by 
divine power, reunited; and, perceiving that 
they were ahve, they threw themaehes at the 
hAtxithe holy man to kiss and embrace them. 
The saint gave them his blessing, and packed 
the husky rogues off in great joy to prosecutd 
tUr stiuiies at Athens. 

George Monk, first Duke of Albemarle, the 
great promoter oi the restoration of that reck- 
less and profligate wight Chades XL, was bom 
mi the festival of St. Nicholas in 1608, two 
hundred and thirty years ago. Respecting the 
Qaniage oi this nobleman, and the origin and 
funyy connexions of his duchess, some extra* 
ordinary evidence was adduced, on a trial of an 
leticm of treiqpass^ vihich took place in the Ckrart 
of King's Bench, ninety-two years afterwards, 
between William Sherwin, plaintiff, and Sir 
Walter Clarges, Bart.» and othras, defendants. 

^ The piaidtlir, &i heitr aad teprsseutative 6f Thomas 
Monk) Eaq*9 elder brother of George, Duke of Albe* 
marie, claimed the manor of Sutton, ux the county of 
Vorky and other lands, as heir-at-law to the said 
Duke, against the defendant, devisee under the will 
of Duke Christopher, his only child, who died in 
1688 without is^ue. It appeared that Anne, the 
wife of George, Duke of Albemarle, was daughter of 
John Clarges, a blacksmith and fhrrier in the Savoy, 
vad fertier to Colonel Monk. In 1632, she was sc- 
ried at the church of St. Lawrence, Pountney, to 
Hiomas Ratford, son of Thomas Eatford, late a far- 
rier's servant to Prince Charles, and resident in the 
Mews. She had a daughter, born in 1634, who 
died in 1636. Her husband and she lived at the 
Three Spanish Gypisies, in the New Exchange, and 
•old wasnballs, powder, gloveK, and such things, and 
she taught girls plain work. About 1647, she, being 
sempstress to Monk, used to carry him linen. In 
1648, her father and mother died ; in 1649, she and 
her husband fell out, and parted ; but no certificate 
fiom any parish register appears, reciting his barial. 
In 1652, she was married in the church of St. George, 
Southwark, to General George Monk, and in Uie 
following year was delivered of a son, Christopher, 
^ho was suckled by Honour Mills, who sold apples, 
herbs, oysters, 8tc.'' 

On the death of the son Chmtppber, above- 



mentt(med, in 1688, the dwsal hononis of Al- 
bemarle in the femily of Monk became ezttnct. 
Tlie mother of the Dnchess 'waa a washer- 
woman ; and Aubrey speaks of her as one of 
the " five women barbers that Hyed in Dnirf 
Lane.*' Monk was a coarse-minded man ; his 
wife had much influence over him ; and she is 
said to have had a considerable hand in the Re- 
storation. Thus, " petticoats always rule the 
roast." Pepys, in lus Memoirs, has some cu- 
rious and amusing notices respecting both the 
Duke and Duchess. The latter he describes as 
"ever a plain homely dowdy," **a very ill- 
looked woman," &c. Of the Duke he says, 
in 1666, he "is grovm a drunken sot, and 
drinks with nobody but Troutbecke, whom no- 
body else will keep company with." Once, 
" in his drink, taking notice, as of a wonder, 
that Nan Hide should ever come to be Duchess 
of York, • Nay,' says Troutbecke, • ne'er won- 
der at that, for if you will ^ve me another bot- 
tle of wine, I will tell you a great, if not greater 
mirade.' And what was that, but that our dirty 
Besse (meaning his duchess) should come to 
be Duchess of Albemarle." In April, 1 667 — 
" I find the Duke of Albemarle at dinner with 
sorry company, some of his officers of the 
army ; dirty dishes and a nasty wife at table, 
and bad meat, of which I made but an ill din<^ 
ner.* 

The 7th of December, B.C. 43, now 18S1 
years ago, was memorable for the assassination 
of that great author, orator, and "book col- 
lector" of antiquity, Marcus Tullius Cicero. As 
a lover of books, it is not improbable that Cicero 
was somewhat luxurious in his taste for bind-^ 
ing, since we find him instructing his friend 
AtticUB " to send him some two of his librarians, 
who, among other things, might conglutinate his 
books." Phillatius, an Athenian, regarded as 
the "Father of Bookbinding," employed ^/tie 
in the art more than two thousand years since; 
aad, in honour of the invention, his countrymen 
actually erected a statue to his memory. Will 
the use of caoutchouc, or Indian rubber, just 
introduced with the most beautiful effect as a 
succedaneum for glue, last so long ? We have 
heard it surmised that it vrill not bear a warm 
climate, or even an approach to our common 
fires. 

Algernon Sidney, one of the patriots of Eng- 
lish history, was beheaded on Tower Hill, on 
the 7th of December, 1 683, at the age of sixty- 
six. Implicated in what vnis termed the Rye- 
house Plot, he was tried and condemned for 
conspiring the death of the King, by a packed 
jury and the infamous Judge Jefiries. Sidney 
was a zealous republican ; yet one of the first 
acts of the Revolution veas to reverse his at- 



s 



THE ALDINB MAGAZINE. 



Uinder. His work, entitled '* Discourses on 
Gtevemment," is well known. When ambas- 
isador at the court of Denmark, Mr. Sidney, 
•availing himself of the privilege of all noble 
strangers, inscribed his celebrated motto, the 
motto also of the Earl of Carysfort and of Lord 
Riversdale — 

" Manus hsec tyrannis,*' &c. 

in the " Book of Mottos" in the King's library. 
M. Terlon, the French ambassador regarding this 
as a libel upon his government, and upon the new 
order of things which France and her partisans 
were endeavouring to establish in Denmark, had 
the impudence to tear this motto from the book. 
We Imve not seen it recorded whether he 
was duly chastised for the act. 

Marshal Ney, another patriot in his way, 
and pronounced by Buonaparte "the bravest 
of the brave," was shot on the 7th of Decem- 
ber, 1815. Ney behaved nobly and kindly to 
the retreating English in the Peninsula : so far, 
we should have been glad could his life have 
been spared; but, great as were his deeds of 
arms, Ney votis a traitor ; and had the Duke of 
Wellington done more than he did towards his 
rescue, he would have been a traitor to his own 
honour, and to the cause for which he had 
fought. That the Duke was incapable of act- 
ing from the impulse of a little mind is suffi- 
ciently apparent from the following letter, ad- 
dressed by him to Sir Charles Stuart, on the 
28th of June, 1815, respecting the disposal of 
Buonaparte : — * ^ 

has been here this day to ne- 



BOOK OF THE WEEK. 



'^ General 



gociate for Napoleon's passing to America, to which 

? reposition I have answered that I have no authority, 
be Prussians think the Jacobins wish to give hiia 

over to me, believing that I will save his life. 

wishes to kill him ; but I have told him that I shall 
remonstrate, and shall insist upon his being disposed 
of by common accord. I have likewise said that, as 
a private friend, I advised him to have nothing to do 
with so foul a transaction ; that he and I had acted 
too distinguished parts in these transactions to become 
executioners ; and that I was determined that, if the 
sovereigns wished to put him to death, they should 
appoint an executioner which should not be me."* 

On the 7th of December John Flaxman, the 
greatest sculptor of modem times, will have 
been dead twelve years. If ever man were 
blest with the god-like attribute of genius, 
Flaxman was so blest. Had he never touched 
marble, his illustrations of Homer, .^schylus, 
Hesiod, and Dante would have been sufficient 
to insure him an immortality of fame. 

* Vide the 12th and last volume, just published, 
of The dispatches of Field MartJial the Duke of 
WelUngton, Sfc. 



BRITISH POSSESSIONS IN THE EAST ♦ 
India, and every thing connected with, the 
British Empire in the East, are daily aicquiriiig' 
a new and heightened interest — ^not only in 
England — ^not only in Europe — ^but throug^hout 
the civilised world. Never, therefore, could a 
work relating to an important part of our In- 
dian possessions have made its appearance at a 
moment more auspicious than the present. 
Situated about five hundred miles from the Pre- 
sidency of Bombay, the province of Cutch, "is 
bounded, on the west, by the river Indus ; on 
the east, by the Gulf of Cutch, and tiie salt 
desert of the Runn ; on the north, by the Great 
Desert ; and on the south, by the sea.'* Within 
the 68th and 70th degrees of east longitude, 
and the 22nd and 24th parallels of north lati- 
tude, it extends about 160 miles in length, 
from east to west, and 65 in breadth, from 
north to south. Thus, as the intelligent writer 
of the volume before us remarks, it is likely, 
from its geographical position, as well as from 
its maritine importance, to become connected 
with the favourite and apparently feasible plan 
of steam navigation on the Indus ; and^ in con- 
sequence, it is more deserving of attention, at 
this particular time, than o&er staticms not 
equally Uable to be effected by the progress of 
commercial civilization. 

Mrs. Postals is an unpretending, yet correct 
and elegant writer; with soun4, liberal, and 
expansive views respecting the education and 
general improvement, religious, moral, and in- 
tellectual, of the native population of India, 
in its various castes. From her long residence 
in Cutch, she enjoyed unusual and peculiar op- 
portunities of becoming acquainted with the 
domestic manners, habits, and character of the 
people ; and the result of her observations is, 
on most points, full of interest — ^at once curious 
and valuable. Scarcely any subject has evaded 
her notice : history, ancient and modem — eas- 
tern costume, in all its rich varieties — religious 
worship, ceremonies, and superstitions of the 
Hindus — suttees — in£uiticide — natural produce 
of the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms 
— ^manufactures — architecture — the fine, and 
mechanical arts — ^minstrelsy — bards, and bardic 
literature — juggling, snake-charming, magic, 
&c. ; these, and a thousand other poiats of at- 

* Cutch ; or, Random Sketches, taken during a 
Residence in one of the Northern Provinces of Western 
India; interspersed with Legends and Traditions. 
By Mrs. Postans. Illustrated with Engravings from 
Original Drawings by the Author. 8vo. Smith, 
Elder and Co.^ 1839. 






•'.»>■ 



THE ALDINB MAGAZINE. 



9 



traction lise before us m almost endless suc- 
cession. If the nature of our publication ad- 
ndtted, we could fill column after column with 
extract. As it is we can venture to present only 
a few brief rmd isolated passages. 

Of Daisuljee, the present Rao, or Prince of 
dutch, of whom a whole length portrait is 
giveuj we are told that he — 

^^ is not more than twenty-two years of age, having 
been elected on the formal deposition of his fiither, 
Rao Bharmuljee, a prince long rendered infamous by 
bis public and private crimes. The manners of the 
youDg Rao are peculiarly urbane and amiable ; the 
pasonai attachment of his dependants is a proof of 
nil benevolence and kindness of disposition ; and the 
lespect he observes in public towards his unhappy 
wm, evinces the delicacy and tenderness of bis 
character.'' * * '^ In person the Rao is remarka- 
bly stout, with peculiarly fine eyes, and a benevo- 
lent and agreeable expression of countenance, although 
unfortunately disfigured by the small-pox. His 
dress is unusually rich, well arranged, and strikingly 
picturesque. On state occasions it consists of a most 
naagaificent Kinkaub turban, of the usual stupendous 
size worn by the Rajpoots, ornamented with strings 
of pearl, and jewels of great value, with immense ear- 
lings of gold wire set with precious stones. Over 
the muslin ankrika (body cloth) worn by all natives 
of respectability, his Highness has a sort of body 
armour of thickly-wadded purple velvet embroidered 
with gold ;. a pair of rich satin trowsers, also embroi- 
dered, or rather embossed with gold ; and crimson 
Telvet slippers, curved upwards at the front, and 
decorated with pearls and coloured silks.'' 

The Rao is conversant with English litera- 
toie and science. Tender and affectionate in 
all the relationS|Of life, he has declared that he 
will do his utmost to abolish the horrible crime 
of infimticide, which, with reference to females, 
• prevails to an astonishing extent in Cutch. It 
has been calculated, that, in the province, a 
thousand lives are sacrificed annually by this 
crime; and that, amongst eight thousand of 
the Jharrejah tribe, the number of women did 
not exceed thirty. 

It is surprising what numbers of eastern cus- 
toms are found to assimilate with those of 
Europe in former tunes. For instance, the 
hoWing of lands by feudal tenure, in Cutch, 
is precisely in accordance with the old Nor- 
inan system. Trial by ordeal, also, is yet in 
foil force in Cutch, and in varibus other parts 
of India. 

Wits, it is said, jump ; and so do, occasion- 
ally, the tastes of whole communities. Lord 
Chesterfield's aristocratic feeling was opposed 
> the acquirement of music as an accomplish- 
ment. *' If you want a fiddle,*' said he to his 
son, "pay a fiddler." The mhabitants of 
Cutch, particularly the ladies, seem to have 
taken lessons from his fiddle-faddle Lordship : 

^ Fe^ of the natives study music as an art ; 



and the practice of it is restricted chiefly to hired 
minstrels. Wealthy persons generally retain such 
men ; and the poor are content with the wandering 
minstrels, and the sonorous clamour of their religious 
worship. Women of character never practice any 
branch of the fine arts, as it is considered incompati- 
ble with morality and good breeding." 

We must mention two or three of the more 
remarkable customs of the natives. It is known 
that rats and fish are regarded as fit objects of 
worship; and that the Hindus consider the 
preservation of all animals to be a work of 
peculiar merit. 

''Near the gates of the residency of Anjar is a 
Hindu temple, supposed, at one period, to have 
sheltered five thousand rats, bond fide rats, who were 
under the care of an old Gosein [religious devotee] of 
the establishment, whose custom it was to summon 
them all three times a day, by means of a little bell, 
to a repast of grain scatt^ed for their use on the floor 
of the temple." • ♦ ♦ • « Near another temple 
adjacent to the large tank, is a smaller one filled 
with fish, which I have seen regularly fed by the 
Brahmins with bread ; the finny mendicants arising 
duly expectant to the surface at the appointed time." 

Here is a mendicailt of a different class : — 

'' He is a spare, active, old Brahmin, who has been 
dumb firom intocy, and gains a living, which would 
be but precarious in a civilised country, by his repu- 
tation for holiness. When I first observed him, he 
was receiving g^n in a litde copper vessel, from the 
pitiful store of a poverty-stricken and palsied old 
woman surrounded by a troop of naked and laughing 
grandchildren, to whom he was mowing and pointing 
with a vain attempt at articulation. In return for his 
grain, he fiustened a small yellow thread round the 
woman's wrist, as a preservative against the Evil'Eye. 
His cummerbund was filled with similar fragments of 
like salutary eflect; and his neck, arms, and chest, 
were burthened by immense balls made from the wood 
of the Tulsi, and other sacred trees, and strung into 
necklaces and bracelets. These he bestowed more 
sparingly, and I believe made them an article of 
trifling barter." 

To the above the following may serve as a 
pendant, illustrating at the same time the extra- 
ordinary and even horrible nature of the pe- 
nances to which Hindu devotees subject them- 
selves to propitiate and prove their feith in their 
senseless idols. 

" A wretched fanatic, now in Bombay, took a httle 
slip of the Tulsi tree, planted it in a pot, placed it in 
the palm of his left hand, and held it above his head, 
in which position it has remained for five years. The 
Tulsi has grown a fine shrub ; the muscles of the arm 
which support it have become rigid and shrunken ; 
the nails of the fingers have grown out, and they curl 
spirally downwards to a great length ; yet the wtetched 
devotee sleeps, eats, drinks, and seems quite indiffer- 
ent to his si range position, having lost his remem- 
brance of pain in public applause." 

Other instances of the comparative insen- 
sibility to physical pain amongst the natives of 



10 



THS ALI>tNfi MAOAZlMB. 



Gtttch, ate exempMed in the strange practices 
of " Traga" and " Dhuma." 

"Many castes in Cutch perform what is called 
Traga, or a self-infliction, which compels the victim's 
debtor to make good his obligations, of any one to re- 
dress an injury he may hare committed against him. 
The form of Traga, in common use, is made by push- 
ing a spear blade through both cheeks, and in this 
state dancing before the person against whom Traga is 
made. This is borne on all occasions without a 
symptom of pain, which, if displayed, would destroy 
its efficacy." * * * * " It is firmly believed, 
that any person choosing to commit Traga can, by 
this means, bring down a severe and perpetual curse 
upon its object; one that shall slay his family, wither 
his crops, and destroy all that he has.*' 

" They have also a similar custom, called ' Dhuma/ 
according to which a creditor may seat himself at a 
debtor's ddbr, and refuse to eat, drink, or sleep Until 
the debt is paid. If he die in this state, his debtor is 
supposed to he held answerable to the gods ; and 
such is the dread of this extetisive system of dunnibg, 
that a man who becomes ' Dhuma' is sure to suc- 
ceed in his object." 

The state of the tine arts in Cutch is dis* 
cussed by Mrs. Postans with much interest. 

^^The only attempt at painting that t have seen 
(she observes) is in the lower rooms of the Residency 
at Anjar; but the artist has shewn himself to have 
been totally ignorant of either perspective or chiaroi- 
euro. The outlines, however, are good ; the colours 
are well contrasted ; and many of the groups afte 
spirited and characteristic.'* 

This remark is fully borne out by ^fUC'Simile 
which the writer has given of one of the paint- 
ings in this apartment. 

** It is intended to represent the amicable meeting 
of two Bajahs, one of whom is attended by an Up* 
sum, or nymph of Paradise. Ganesa, the god of 
wisdom, presides over the conference, and is attended 
by his favourite rats ; below him kneels Varilna, the 
genius of rivers, ftom whose head flows the Ganges 
and the Jumna. The peacock appears as sacred to 
Parvati, the Indian Juno." * * * * << The sides 
of the room are decorated with representations of 
tigers, fighting elephants, and bands of gaily equipped 
horsemen, all characteristic and well drawn." 

Such of our readers as may happen to recol- 
lect the representation of the processions, &c., 
dissovered by Belzoni, the traveller, in the tomb 
of Psammis, king of Egypt, or the scarcely less 
interesting Etrurian tombs and paintings, ex- 
hibited some months ago in Pall Mall, will be 
particularly struck with the faC'Simile plate al- 
luded to above. 

We cannot close without remarking, that, 
superadded to its general merit as a work of 
talent and information, the volume before us is 
very correctly and beautifully printed ; its em- 
belUshments, though confined to lithography 
(in colours) and engraving in wood, are of a 
superior class ; and, in all respects, it is *' got 
up" in a handsome and even elegant style. 



CORRESPONDENCE. 



To the Editor of The Aldine Magazine. 
A DICTIONARY OF KISSES. 

Ste,— As a " first offering" to The Aldine Ma- 
gazine, in the success of which I conceive ever 
lover of literature and the arts must take an interest 
I venture to send you a curious extract from a spe 
cimen sheet with which I was favoured some yean 
ago. The work projected was of an exceedingly ela- 
borate character, having occupied, as it was said, 
more than thirty years of the life of its author, Mr 
Jermyn, of Southwold, in Suffolk. Whether th« 
work were even completed, I know not ; nor whethei 
the ^ specimen sheet alluded to ever met the public 
eye : I am inclined to think not t at all events, if H 
did, its circulation was of a very limited nature. 

I proceed to lay the proposed extract before your 
readers . — 

' '' No, 1. Gradta ad Pamauum. 

^ On a plan nearly resembling that of the Latin 
work, a specimen of a synopsis of £nglish poetry is 
now submitted to the public, being an arrangement 
of our principal synonyms, epithets, and phrases, 
faithfully collected firom the works of the best poets, 
firom the time of Chaucer to the present period. The 
authorities for every synonym, every epithet, and 
every phrase, with particular references to work and 
line, are reserved for publication in another form. 

'^ Kiss. n. s. — I'll seal thy dangerous lipa with 
this close kiss. — Hill. 

*^ Syn» Salute. Buss. Caress. Smack. 

^' Epitb. Kind, ibnd, amorous, warm, kindling) 
ardent, fervent, impassioned, burning, flaming, joyful, 
rapturous, divine, charming, cheering, enchanting, 
soothing, softening, melting, healing, balmy, soft^ 
geutle,smooth, humid, dewy,honied, daiiity, delicious, 
voluptuous, nectared, ambrosial, s|feeet, sugared, sa- 
voury, musky, spicy, frasrant, rosy, tempting, yield- 
ing, lingering, long, long-breathed, close, pure, chaste, 
modest, virgin, light, lawful, guiltless, pious, holy, 
civil, formal, ceremonious^ meeting, mutual, friendly, 
farewell, parting, tear-dewed, stifUng, deep-fetched, 
impressive, zealous, hasty, famished, ravenous, fu- 
rious, forced, false, rude, treacherous, venal, las- 
civious, loathsome, cold, ftigid, unripe, unwilling, 
comfortless.*' 

Mr. Jermyn has evidently done much ; but the 
subjoined additions, which occur at the moment, will 
show that he might have done more : — 

Sacred, poisonous, hallowed, deep-drawn, Iotc- 
inspiring, lewd, guilty, unholy, unlawful, tainted, 
soul-thrilling, lustrexciting, suffocating, love-darting, 
electric, life-absorbing, agonising, rapture-giving, hea- 
venly, heart-'inspiring, life-giving, maddening, chil- 
ling, hopcrinspiring, freezing, heartless, deceitful, 
cheating, wanton, trembling, bashful, faithful, blissful, 
joyful, &c. 

Now for the Phrases : — 

"The balm of love. The breakfast of love. Cupid's 
seal. The lover's fee. The fee of parting. The 
first and last of joys. The hansell of love. The 
homage of the lip. Hope's first wealth. The hostage 
of promise. Love's chief sign. Love's indentures. 
Love's language. Love's mintage. Love's oratory. 
Love's print. Love's rhetoric. Love's tribute. The 
nectar of the gods. The nectar of a kiss. The nee- 



i 



iB 



*Hfi ALDIKB MAGAZlMfi. 



11 



)m of VenuSi The pledge of bliss. The pledge of 
*-ith. The pledge of love. The seal of bliss. The 

U of love. Sid's euDest penny. The melting sip. 

le stamp of love." 

If the above prove acceptable, Mr. Ifeditor, I shall 

in the pleasure of transmittiDg some further illus- 

ItiODS. 

Yours, &c. 

e 



SCRAPIANA. 



Apparent ran nantes in gurgite vasto. 

ViRO. 

Dr. Pttrr and Dr. Willium Bennett, Bishop of 

Cloyne, • 

Poesessing the Scr^ Book of the late Dr. 
Bennett, Bishop of Cloyne, from which, as 
weD as from a variety of other sources, we in- 
tend to draw for this department of The 
AiDiNB Magazikb, we offer, by way of intro- 
doction^ the following eulogium upon that 
jRlate, by the learned Dr* Samuel Parr : — 

^ Among the Fellows of Emanuel College^ vrho 
endeavoured to shake Mr. Homer's resolution, to 
preseHre to him bis academical rank, there was one 
nan whom I cannot remember without feeling that 
all my inclination to recommend, and all my talent 
fa commendation, are disproportionate to his merit. 
From habits^ not only of close intimacy, but of early 
nd uninterrupted friendship, I can say, that there is 
scarcely one Greek or Roman author of eminence in 
verse or prose, whose writings are not familiar to him. 
He is equally successful in combating the difficulties 
of the most obscui^, and catching, at a glance, at the 
lieaaties of the most elegant. Though I could men- 
tion two or three persons who made a greater pro- 
ficiency than my friend in philological learHing, yet, 
iifter surveying all the intellectual endowments of all 
my literary acquaintance, I cannot name the man, 
whose taste seems to me more correct or more pure, 
or whose judgment upon any composition, in Greek, 
Latin, or English, would carry with it higher autho- 
nty to my mind. 

"To those discourses which, when delivered before 
>n academical audience, captivated the young, and 
interested the old, which were argumentative without 
formality, and brilliant without gaudiness, and in 
^ich the happiest selection of topics was united with 
the most luminous arrangement of matter, it cannot 
he unsafe for me to pay the tribute of my praise, 
hecausc every hearer was an admirer, and every 
sdmirer will be a witness. As a tutor, he was un- 
wearied in the instruction, liberal in the government, 
>nd anxious for the welfare of all who were entrusted 
to his care. The brilliancy of his conversation, and 
the suavity of his manners, were the more endearing, 
hecause they were united with qualities of a higher 
wder— because in morals, he was correct without 
ttoroseness — and because in re\igion he was serious 
*ithout bigotry. From the retirement of a college, 
he stepped at once into the circle of a court ; but he 
has not been dazzled by its glare, nor tainted by its 
corruptions. As a prelate he does honour to a patron 



who was once his pupil, aud to the dignity of his 
station where in his wise and honest judgment upon 
things, great duties are connected widi great emolu- 
ments. If, firom genera] description, I were permitted 
to descend to particular detail, I should say, that in 
one instance, he exhibited a noble proof of generosity, 
by refusing to accept the legal ana customary profits 
of his office, from a peasantry bending down under 
the weight of indigence and exaction. I should say, 
that, upon another occasion he did not suffer himself 
to be irritated by perverse and audacious opposition ; 
but blended mercy with justice, spared a misguided 
father for the sake of a distressed dependant family, 
and provided, at the same time, for the instruction of 
a large and populous parish, without pushing to ex- 
treme his episcopal rights when invaded, and his 
episcopal power when defied. While the English 
Universities produce such scholars, they will indeed 
deserve to be considered as the nurseries of learning 
and virtue. While the Church of Ireland is adorned 
by such prelates, it cannot have much to fear from 
that spirit of restless discontent, and excessive refine- 
ment, which has lately gone abroad; — it will be 
instrumental to the best purposes by the best means. 
It will gain fresh security and fresh lustre from the 
support of wise and good men. It will promote the 
noblest interests of society, and uphold, in this day of 
peril, the sacred cause of true religion. 

'^ Sweet is the refreshment afforded to my soul by 
the remembrance of such a scholar, such a man, and 
such a firiend, as Dr. William Bennett, Bishop of 
Cloyne.'* 

The Soldier's Wtfe, 

^' Who comes there V* said a sentinel to a person com- 
ing near his post. '^ A fnend,'' softly said a timid voice. 
" Advance, and give the parole.^' The same soft, timid 
voice said, " Love." " Love," said the sentinel, " is not 
the parole, and you cannot pass. It is more than my 
life is worth to permit you to pass.'* '* Indeed, this 
is cruel, not to ^low a seijeant*s wife to pass, to take 
perhaps her last farewell. I beseech you to let me 
pass ; ere the morning's battle takes place, let me 
spend this night in his company. I have tmvelled 
forty miles to see him." " Pass, friend : all's well." 
It proved her last &rewell. 

A Bishop^s Potation^* 

There was nothing remarkable in our entertain- 
ment^ but the most episcopal way of drinking that 
could be invented. As soon as we came into the 
great hall, where stood many fiaggons ready charged, 
the bishop called for wine to drink the king's 
health ; they brought him a formal bell of silver 
gilt, that might hold about two quarts, or more — 
he took it, pulled out the clapper, and gave it to 
me, whom he intended to drink to, then had the 
bell 'filled, and drank it off to his Majesty's health I 
then asked me for the clapper, put it again into the 
bell, and rang out a loud peal, to show he had played 
fair! This jolly peal was rung by every gentleman 
in the hall, myself excepted, who could never in my 
life manage more than one quart of wine at a 
draught. 



* As recorded by Sir William Temple, in a letter 
to his brother, written on his embassy to the Bishop 
of Munster. 



12 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE, 



The PoeVt Pen. 

( From the Greek of Menecrates.) 

I was a useless reed ; no clusters hung 

My brow with purple grapes ; no blossom flung 

The coronet of crimson on my stem ; 

No apple blushed upon me, nor — the gem 

Of flowers — the violet strewed the yellow heath 

Around my feet, nor jessamine's sweet wreath 

Robed me in silver : day and night I pined 

On the lone moor, and shivered in the wind. 

At length a poet found me. From my side 

He smoothed the pale and withered leaves, and dyed 

My lips in Helicon. From that high hour 

I SPOKE ! my words were flame and living power; 

All the wide wonders of the world were mine, 

Far as the surges roll, or sunbeams shine; 

Deep as earth's bosom hides the emerald ; 

High as the hills with thunder clouds are palled. 

And there was sweetness round me, that the dew 

Had never wet so sweet on violets blue. 

To me the mighty sceptre was a vsrand ; 

The roar of nations pealed at my command ; 

To me, the dungeon, sword, and scourge were vain, 

I smote the smiter, and I bfoke the chain ; 

Or, towering o*er them all, without a plume, 

I pierced the purple air, the tempest's gloom, 

Till blazed th* Olympian glories on my eye. 

Stars, temples, thrones, and gods — infinity. 

Lord Chesterfield. 
When the celebrated Lord Chesterfield was ex- 
tremely ill, he was walking one day with a very 
handsome woman. Suddenly the lady exclaimed, " I 
am as cold as death !" " If so," answered his lord- 
ship,'' I shall have no objection to his embraces." ' 

The Eagle. 
Why does the eagle bend his flight 
To meet the sun*s meridian height 

With such exulting glee ? 
'Tis not, as poets have averr'd, 
Because he is the regal bird — 

It is, because he*s fi«e. 



n6tice of new books, 

ENGRAVINGS, &c. 



Forget Me Not ; a Christmas, New Year's, 
and Birthday Present, for 1839. Edited by 
Frederick Shoberl. Ackermann and Co. 

OuB dear old friend, the Forget-Me-Not ! The 
Alma Mater of all the race ! Not only was the 
Forget-Me-Not the first but, so far as editor- 
ship is concerned, it has been invariably the best 
of its class. And, after a successful career of 
eighteen years, here it still is, flourishing in all 
the freshness and vigour of youth, presenting, 
indeed, all the admirable qualities of adolescence 
and maturity combined. At such a point of 
his labours, most grateful to the feelings of Mr. 
Shoberl must it be, to lay his hand upon his 
heart and exclaim — " We are not aware that 
the work contains a single expression or senti- 



mentwhichwe could wish expunged ! " Tlie ei 
bellishments of the present volume are upon t2 
whole, superior to those which have been giv< 
for some years past. Almeria, by Parris, illu 
trated in the Belle Sauvage Plot, by Mi 
Lawrance; the Grenius of Wealth, by Air 
M'lan, which has called forth a glowing eastei 
tale from the pen of that prince of story-teller 
Dr. Macginn; the Princess of the West, l 
Middleton ; a Highland Gillie, by A. Coope 
R.A. ; AHce Lee, (a litde too black,) hy Nad 
illustrated by a sweet Poem from L. £. L., noi 
Mrs. M'Clean, of whose safe arrival at Cap 
Coast Castle we are most happy to hear ; tli 
Parting Wreath, by Miss L. Adams ; Margate 
by Jennings ; and II Palazzo, a lovely sun 
lighted view, by Barrett, are aU more or lea 
deserving of praise. Theiiterary contribution) 
at least sustain their usual standard of merit 
One nttle poetic gem we transfer to our owi 
page, not because it is the most brilliant in th< 
volume, but because it demands little space, am 
is in perfect accordance with our own feelings 
Here is The Flag of England, by Charles Swaiii; 
Esq. : — 

" When whirling flames round Moscow rose. 

And fetters bowed the pride of Spain ; 
"When Austria, chased by Gallic foes, 

Fled from Marengo^s fatal plain ; 
When Italy and Egypt knew 

The woes their dread Invader hurled. 
Then high the flag of England flew. 

And carried Freedom to the World ! 

Then honoured by the Flag that bore 

The light of Triumph o'er the sea. 
That burst the bonds which Europe wore, 

And made the Homes of millions free ! 
May peace her laurelled reign prolong, 

Whilst Beauty crowns each valliant name ; 
And be the Poet's noblest song 

The Union Flag of England's fame." 



Heads of the People. Taken off by Quizfizzz. 
Nos. L and II. Tyas. 1838. 

Living under a mixed, though royal, loyul, and 
aristocratic form of government, it is impossible 
that we should not entertain due respect for the 
" Heads of the People." We venture to opine, 
however, that in the neat and clever little pub- 
lication so named, the heads are the heads. of, or 
form, only the middling, or, as some would style 
them, the inferior classes of that many-headed 
animal, the people. Thus, in No. I. the subjects 
are — the Dress-maker, the Dinner-out, the 
Stock-broker, and thfe Lawyer's Clerk. Of 
these, speaking with reference to the designs, 
the first is a pleasipg sketch of an industrious 
yo\mg needle-woman ; the second, though suf- 
ficiently dand3rfied and sensual, is deficient in 
the veritable air of the table voluptuary ; the 




THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



18 



reminds us rather of a Jew money-lender 

of the cosy, kind-hearted, and really gene- 

s character described ; the fourth is so gra- 

ically forcible that it must be a portrait ': 

ere, with bis lank, attenuated figure, attired 

his " office coat " with its sixth pair of 

tves, sits that truly pitiable object, the " co- 

ing clerk," all but alive. The Hterary illus- 

tions, by Lemaa Rede, is intensely painful, 

d so is the head itself. Seemingly not at all 

of the essential difference which exists 

tween the Stock-broker and the Stock-jobber 

ough the two are not unfrequently united in 

e same individual), we here find an amusing 

[escription of the latter imder the designation 

the farmer. Mr. Jerrold (we beg pardon, 

enry Brownrigg, Esq.) illustrates the Diner- 

>ut, and also the Dress- maker. The Diner-out 

not a happily chosen subject, it had been 

80 repeatedly and so admirably '* served up" 

fcefore : still, it is " well done " — '* done to a 

tom." 

"The Diner-Out must have a most passionate love 
§01 children. He must so comport himself that when 
Iiis name shall be announced every child in the man- 
sion shall set up a yell, a scream of rapture — shall 
tDsh to him, pull his coat tails, climb on his back, 
twist their fingers in his hair, snatch his watch from 
liis pocket ; and, whilst they rena his super-Saxony, 
load his shoulders, uncuil his wig, and threaten in- 
stant destruction to his repeater. The Diner-Out must 
stifle the agony at his heart and his pocket, and to 
the feebly-expressed fears of the mamma that the 
* children are troublesome,' the Diner-Out must call 
into every comer of his face a look of the most se- 
nphic delight, and with a very chuckle assure the 
anxious parent that * the little rogues are charming !' " 
Gallantry apart, however, the little Dress- 
maker is our favourite in all respects. The 
general description is, alas ! too true; but it is 
written in the best and kindliest spirit, and 
calculated to prove extensively beneficial to an 
unfortunate, though useful and meritorious 
class of women. The linen-drapers' assistants 
and others have obtained a reduction of their 
hours of labour : the Dress-makers, it is said, 
meditate a general " strike," with the same 
desirable object in view: we most cordially wish 
them success. 

No. II. has reached us at so late an hour, 
^t we can only say its four heads — ^The Fash- 
itmable Physician, The Medical Student, The 
lion, and The Servant of All-work — are in 
every respect superior to those of its prede- 
cessor. 



The Principles of Punctuation, preceded by a 

Brief Explanation of the Parts of Speech, By 

George Smallfield. Smallfield and Son. 1838. 

This is an excellent Httle book, chiefly founded 

upon the best book that ever was written upon 



the subject — Cecil Habtlbt's Principles of 
Punctuation, How is it, that several of CemI 
Hartle/s admirable volumes have been suffered 
to get out of print ? In the work before us« 
Mr. Smallfield, whose " attention has beeq, 
almost incessantly drawn to the subject of 
punctuation, for upwards of twenty years, by 
his profession as a printer," has offered some 
new and useful rules, and his remarks on 
French accentuation, and on the mode of pre- 
paring manuscripts for the press, &c. will be- 
found extensively serviceable. 



The Natural History of the Sperm Whale : its 
Anatomy and Physiology, Food, 8fC, To 
which is added, A Sketch of a South Sea 
Whaling Voyage, By Thomas Beale, Sur- 
geon, Demonstrator of Anatomy to the 
Electric Society of London, &c. Post 8vo. 
Van Voorst, 1809. 
In this handsome, though closely printed vo- 
lume, Mr. Beale has conferred a weighty obli- 
gation upon the scientific, as well as upon the 
commercial world. In his anatomical descrip- 
tion of the sperm whale, and also in his illus- 
tration of the nature and habits of that stupen- 
dqus creature, he has left all former zoologists 
far behind. One of the remarkable circum- 
stances connected with the history of this spe- 
cies is, that whilst the full-grown male attains 
a length of upwards of eighty feet, with bulk in 
proportion, the full-grown female averages not 
more than one-fifth of the size of her magnifi- 
cent partner; than which she is also more 
slenderly and more gracefully formed, and con- 
sequently more agile in her movements. Con- 
trary to what has been generally asserted and 
understood, the sperm whale is one of the most 
inoffensive, and most timid animals in the cre- 
ation. It is another exceedingly curious fact, 
that sperm whales have a mode of intercom- 
municating ideas pecuHarly their own : they all 
" have some method of communicating by sig- 
nals to each other, by which they become 
apprised of the approach of danger ; and this 
they do, although the distance may be very 
considerable between them, sometimes amount- 
ing to four, five, or even seven miles." The 
males make from sixty to seventy expirations, 
while at the surface for ten or eleven minutes ; 
they then descend, and remain below, at an un- 
fathomable depth, from an hour to an hour and 
twenty minutes : the females make about thirty- 
five or forty expirations during the period they 
are at the surface, which is about four minutes, 
and they remain below about twenty minutes.; 
These are only a few of the peculiarities of this 
extraordinary animal. 
The second part of Mr. Beale's book — " A 



•.>i.. • 



■■>» 



I 



iHK 






14 



THS ASiDINS MA^AZIffl. 



Sketoh of a SdutbrS^a WhsUiig Voyage"-^ 
fall of perilous ami marvellous adFenture — of 
the most stirring and exciting interest ; almost 
setting the wUdness of romance at defiance. 
With one or two exceptions, the illustrative 
engravings in wood, though not finely executed, 
are spirited and effective. As a whole, the 
work constitutes a valuable addition to our 
stores of knowledge. 



Oliver Twiat; or, the Parish Boy*$ Progress. 
By " Boz." 3 vols. Bentley. 

Since the memorable days of John Poole's Paul 
Pry, nothing has acquired the popularity which 
attends the " sayings and doings" of " Boz" 
otherwise Charles Dickens, in his Pickwick 
Club, Nicholas Nickleby, and Oliver Twist ; a 
series of performances which, independently of 
the mass of gratification they have afforded to 
the reading public, constitute just so many 
*' cut-and-come-again" dishes, for the special 
advantage of the truly original dramatists of our 
day. How crften poor Pickwick may have been 
dragged upon the stage, heaven only knows. 
Nicholas Nickleby has been prematurely ^wwAerf, 
at the Adelphi, without his father's consent; 
may still be seen there, for sixpence or a shilling, 
evening ; and similar honours have been con- 
ferred upon Oliver Twist in that temple of 
classic fame, '* the Surrey !" 

Had poor Oliver made his entr4e at the 
Aldine Chambers somewhat earher tiian he 
did, we should have been happy to pay our 
respects to him in a style superior to what we 
can now accomplish. After figuring th]|6ugh 
many successive numbers of Bentley' s Miscellany, 
he has been recently brought before the public 
in a separate and individual form, and in a de- 
gree more elegantly attired than was his wont ; 
his embellishments, however, remaining as of 
old. We heartily wish him success in Ws new 
career, which promises, we understand, to be a 
brilliant one. 

Mr. Dickens has another vessel upon the 
stocks, if not already launched, under the so- 
norous name of Bamaby Rudge, We should 
like to meet Bamaby in Paternoster Row. 



The History of London : illustrated by Views in 
London and Westminster, engraved by John 
Woods, from Original Drawings by Shep- 
herd, Garland, Salmon, Topham, Clarke, 
Brown, Roberts, &c. Edited by William 
Gray Feamside, and (in continuation) by 
Thomas Harral. Imp. 8vo. Orr and Co. 
1838. 

A HANDSOME drawiug-room volume, contain- 
ing thirty well-engraved views of the most in- 
teresting buildings/new street improvements, 



&?.iQthQi^9etFi^lis. W6 9gu]dha¥ew»b64l 
letter-press upon a more exten»ye scale, 
is, however, V this will be found to be the 
* History of I^ndon' ii^ whiph the narratii 
brought down to the reign of the present So| 
reign, Her Majesty Queen Victoria." In ^ 
latter portion of the work ; whicli. appears j 
have been undertaken by Mr. Harral on " t| 
sudden and lamented decease" of Mr. Feamsii| 
a surprising mass of information is lightly j 
judiciously arranged within a compai^tivfj 

small number of pages. j 

, — i 

Sketches ef Judaism and the Jews» By d 
Rev. A. M'Caul, D.D., of Trinity Coll^ 
Dublin, Wertheim, Ix>ndon. ).838. , 

A MORE copious and more enlightened view j 
the existing state of Judaism and the Jews is I 
be found in these vapid " sketches," which oil 
ginally appeared in series, in the " Britidi 1^ 
gazine," than in any other work though of M 
times its extent. The moral, as well as the ii] 
tellectual character of the Jews appears here (| 
considerable advantage. i 

The Millwrights and Engineer's Pocket Directot 

By John Beonett, author of " Artificers' Leif 

icon, &c." 2fid. edition. 1839 

This little vade meeum comprehends the pricfll 

of millwork, machinery, &c. with numeroi^ 

calculations, estimates, and tables, the weighfij 

of iron, copper, brass, Slc, and a variety 4 

miscellaneous information of practical utilitf^ 

The prices, &c. are all brought down to t^ 

present period. 

7%e Legal Guide. Richards and Co* 

This little weejdy publication appears to be 
"progressing" satisfactorily. It presents much 
useful information, not only to the professioi 
but to the public at large. 



THE THEATRES, CONCERTS, &c. 

Devoted as we are in spirit to all the best interests 
of the drama, we have no private, party, or personal 
feelings to gratify. In opinion, and in the expression 
of opinion, we are " free as air ;" we have not the 
slightest intercourse, directly or indirectly, with any 
actor or actress upon the stage ; and thus the readers 
of The Aldine Magazine may at least rely upon the 
honesty of their theatrical critic. 

At all times we must be concise rather than diffuse 
in our strictures : this week, in particular, we must be 
brief, sketchy, and almost exclusively introductory. 

For the present season, Drury Lane Theatre, thou^ 
arrogating the epithet national, seems detenpined to 
rest its claim upon public favour chiefly on Opera^ 
Spectacle, and Ballet ; in neither of which, however, 
notwithstanding the liberal and unsparing expenditure 
of Mr. Bunn, the manager, has it yet been eminently 



THB AliDINB MAOAZINB. 



Id 



Loder'f fypeai. of Franci$ the Fint is 
ed for its lingermg existence almost solely to 
popalarity of the singers engaged in its per- 
Tn the spectacle of Charlemagne, Van 
bargh and his quadrupedial colleagues of the 
it have run a dashing course for the past month, 
sight is an impressive one, but, in dignity and 
lability, altogether unworthy of a national esta- 
ment. The Spirit of Air, a sort of clumsy 
OD, as it has been termed, of La Sj/lphide, is 
using from the exploits ofWieland, as the North 
indf from the vigorous exhibition of Gilbert, and 
exquisite dancing of Mile. Elsler. As a ballet, 
rever, the piece has little interest or meaning. For 
be delectation of little masters and misses, we shall 
I course have something new and wonderful at 
pinstmas. 

[At Covent Garden, Macready has evinced a more 
laste and classical j udgment^ and his efforts have beeu 
•rtionately rewarded. As it is now performed, The 
'eapea impresses the mind of the spectator with the 
t vivid idea of a really '^ enchanted island. '' The 
lion and revival of this play reflect the highest 
it upon the manager. The Tempest, Macbeth, 
The Lady of Lyons, are here the reigning fa- 
rites. Auxiliary to these is a capital new &rce, 
ititled Chaoi is come again. It has much of the 
iritof the olden time in this class of the drama. But 
are in want of two or three new and good acting 
lys from Knowles, Bulwer, and the like. Why the 
should have been at the trouble of disen- 
ombenng Cato, and the The Royal Oak, from the 
jfost of years, we are at a loss to comprehend. 
!^TheHaymarket, the best theatre in town for enjoy- 
ing the legitimate drama, has been infinitely more 
iiQccessful under the management of Webster than it 
v& was during the long and injudicious career of 
Morris. Excepting at the St. James's, under Braham, 
f more lamentable want of tact and judgment was 
apparent at the Haymarket, under Morris, thau. at 
any theatre in the metropolis. The more recent no- 
velties here are Sheridan Knowles*s Maidqf Marien- 
^t, from the late Miss Anna Maria Porter's 
beautiful novel of the The Village of Mariendorpt ; 
and Haynes Bayly's farce of Mr. Greenfinch. 

The leadiog speculation at the Adelphi, this season, 
nas been the erfiibition of the Bayaderes ; a failure, 
^ presume, so far as the treasury of the theatre may 
be concerned. To us, the dancing of our own 
chimney-sweepers on May-day is a thousand times 
"|oie amusing. Still, as the bona fide dance of a 
•w^jgn, remote, and very ancient nation, the display 
w the Bayaderes is not without interest. 

Yates has been more fortunate with the admir- 
able draraa of Louise de Lignerolles, by Miss 
"ardoe, the enterprising and accomplished author 
^ The City of the Sultan, The River and the 
Betert, ifc. As a first attempt for the stage, this 
tt one of the most successful, and most deservedly 
2P^*s8fbl, we ever witnessed. • As another happy 
wort, Yates has dramatised the story of Nicholas 
Vickleby^ with an exceedingly strong and effective 
p^ of character. Mrs. Keeley, one of the cleverest 
Itttle women in London, is worth her weight in gold, 
^e poor, deserted, forlorn, mal-treated Smike. Her 
peffonpance of this part alone is sufficient to im- 
A*?^ her as an actress. Yates, as Mantalini ; 
^ wth, as Newman Noggs; and Wilkinson, as 
°?«««,areallexceUent. 



£v8r, without exception, th^ best eonducted theatre 
in the metropolis, the Olympic appears to be runnitfg 
a career as brilliant as though Madame Vestris her- 
self were still the presiding goddess of the scene. In 
the management we find a most able substitute in 
Mr. Planch^ : on the stage, however, we both miss 
and want Madame. The latest of a long line of for- 
tunate novelties brought forward here (The Printer's 
Devil, Ask no Questions, Sons and Systems, The 
Idol's Birthday, /^c.) is The Court of Old Fritz ; 
in which Farren, the only prime cock-salmon in the 
market, as he once truly though conceitedly styled 
himself, personates two of the dramatis persons, 
Frederick the Great and Voltaire ! Think of Farren 
as Count Bertrand (Prince Talleyrand) in The 
Minister and the Mercer, and then imagine him, or, 
what will be infinitely better, go and see him as 
Frederick the Great and as Voltaire. When Farren 
first appeared upon the Iiondon boards, some of our 
8oi -disant ^iOTS said, that every part he ^ayedwas 
Lord Ogleby. Pshaw 1 There is not an actor living 
who possesses greater versatility of talent than Farren, 
or who so completely loses his own identity in that 
of the character he represents. 



SIGHTS OF THE METROPOLIS. 



Under this head it is our intention to notice all 
public exhibitions of the fine arts, of scientific skill, 
of mechanical ingenuity, from those of painting and 
sculpture, at the Royal Academy, to that of a patent 
nutmeg-grater in a garret. None too high, none too 
low — we shall be glad to see them all. 

At this season of the year few exhibitions are open ; 
simply for the reason, that there are few people in 
town to go and see them. Even now, however, 
there are some " Sights of the Metropolis," besides 
St. Paul's and the Monument, which are worth look- 
ing at. We shall indicate — not describe, for they 
are not quite new — ^two or three of the more inte- 
resting. 

A Model of the Battle of Waterloo, in which the 
entire field of action, vtrith 95,000 distinct figures 
appears^ is to be seen at the Egyptian Hall, in Picca- 
dilly.i This model is the result of immense labour 
and ingenuity, directed by the mind of a military 
officer possessing the fullest and the most accurate 
information that the different governments of Europe 
could furnish. The cost of its production has been 
enormous. It should be visited by every English- 
man. The clearness of its effect is heightened by the 
intense brilliancy of the Drummond lights. 

As a morning exhibition, the Bayaderes are also 
at the Egyptian Hall. Perhaps they are seen there 
to more advantage than at the theatre. 

At Burford's Panorama, in Leicester Square, two 
paintings are on view — The City of Canton, and 
The Bay of Islands, New Zealand. These pictures 
are soon to be replaced by others. 

The Adelaide Gallery of Science, in the Lowther 
Arcade, is daily increasing in interest and import- 
ance. An establishment, founded upon similar prin- ^ 
ciples and for the promotion of a similar object, has 
recently been opened in Regent Street North, under 
die title of The Polytechnic Institution. We hope 
soon to be in a position to pay these galleries the at- 
tention to which they aie justly entitlM. 



16 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC 
SOCIETIES. 



MEDICO-BOTANICAL SOCIETY. 

The first meeting for the season was held on Wed- 
nesday evening. Dr. Sigmond commenced by de- 
livering a lecture on the cultivation of the tea plant. 
The learned professor, after adverting to the mystery 
in which the system of the Chinese in preparing tea 
had been for some centuries enveloped, proceeded to 
explain its culture. It appeared that vtrhen the time 
for picking the finest sorts of tea arrived, the labour- 
ers employed were compelled to avoid gross food, 
and adopt the purest diet; and moreover, that they 
performed the operation in gloves. The authorities 
quoted showed that this extreme delicacy was for the 
purpose of preventing the slightest injury to the leaf 
from the breath or skin. It would be well if this 
example of cleanliness were followed by the tea- 
dealers of England. The Chinese who could afford 
it drank their tea strong ; and they had a proverb by 
which the poverty of the individual was implied, 
" Who drinks weak tea and eats insipid rice." Sam- 
ples were exhibited of every variety of tea imported 
into this country and the Continent. Among other 
varieties there were some fine specimens of the Pekoe 
used in Russia^ the " caravan teas," which are brought 
overland through Kiachta, and the Howqua's mixture 
tea. That the Hong merchants used not generally 
to deliver for exportation their finer sorts there was 
no doubt ; for it was proved by the fact, that since 
the opening of the trade many new varieties had been 
brought to England, and, amongst others, he would 
mention the " Howqua's Mixture," which had now 
become a standard tea in this country. The flower 
of the China tea-plant had a fine and fragrant aroma, 
and differed in the form of its blossoms from the 
lately-discovered Assam tea-shrub. The learned pro- 
fessor ably illustrated his observations by elegant 
paintings, the property of Mrs. Morrison. 

WORKS IN THE PRESS. 
Dr. Charles Severn is preparing for publication 
extracts from the manuscripts of the Rev. J. Ward, 
A.M., Vicar of Slratford-upon-Avon from 1661 to 
1681, the originals of which are preserved in the 
Library of the Medical Society of London. They 
contain novel particulars respecting Shakspeare and 
his cotemporaries, and will be published by permis- 
sion of the Council of the Medical Society. 

TO THE PUBLISHING TRADE. 

BOOKSELLEIIS, PRINTSELLERS, &C. 

It is respectfully intimated to Publishers, Book- 
sellers, pRiNTSELLERS, &c., that their advertising 
favours will at all times receive the most sedu- 
lous attention on the Wrapper of The Aldine 
Magazike. 

Also, that their Announcements of Works -preparing 
for the Press will be inserted in the body of the Maga- 
zine. 

Such new Books, Engravings, and other produc- 
tions connected with Literature and the Fine Arts as 
may be forwarded to the Editor, at the Printer's, 
No. 33, Aldersgate-street, or at the Aldine Adver- 



tising Office, Aldine Chambers, pATERifosTsg 
Row, shall be promptly noticed, under their respectivi 
titles, in the Literary and Fine Arts' Department 
of the Magazine. 

TO SUBSCRIBERS & CORRESPONDENTS. ^ 

All communications for the Editor of Tnt 
Aldine Magazine (Letters, Books, Manuscripts,^ 
Cards of Admission to Exhibitions, Concert Tickets,^ 
&c.) are requested to be sent to him, Fostoffe^ree^ 
at the Frinter% Mr. Masters, No. 33, Aldersgate 
street. 

It is with extreme regret, that from the space occu- 
pied by matter of an introductory nature — from the 
unavoidable length of some articles — ^and from other 
causes, we are under the necessity of postponing, for 
a week, several valuable contributions, Notices of 
New Books, &c. 

" Letters to my Son at Rome,'' No. II. in our 
next. 

We shall be glad to hear again from O at his 
earliest convenience. 

To R. B.- Yes. Poetry — good poetry — rwl 
poetry, will always be acceptable to the Editor of 
The Aldine Magazine, provided the respective 
pieces are not of too great a length. 

From our old and valued friend, W. F., we shall 
be happy to receive a few antiquarian scraps con- 
nected vriih. literary subjects. 

The Editor will most readily avail himself of the 
paper which has reached him respecting the first 
introduction ofgas into the metropolis. 

" We have not seen the book referred to by L.M.D. : 
if he will send us a copy, it shall be duly noticed in 
the proper place. 

Our kind friend, W. C. S., at Doncaster, must not 
forget his promise. 

" A Musical Amateur" is informed, that if he 
will transmit tickets for the performance alluded to, 
it shall not pass unnoticed. We shall always be 
happy to attend to the claims of genius and merit. 



BOOKS JUST PUBLISHED. 



1 



New Year's Gift, silk, is. 6d.. . Wedding Present, do. Is. 6d... 
Morrison on the Acts of the Apostles, 4s.. . Connolly's Joumef 

to India, 2 vols. 8vo., 24s James's Book of the Passions, 

3 vols. 8VO., 31S. 6d. . Clarke's Tales and Sketches, cloth, lOs. fid. 
.. Pereira's Materia Medica, Part I., l6s... Genlis' Manual da 
Voyage, in three languages, 6s. 6d.. . Tales of the Ancients and 
Moderns Verified, foolscap, 8vo. 3s. .Tales of my Niece, ismo. 
2s... Philosophy of Acquisitiveness, 28... Wesley's Highway 
Account Book, 4to. 2s. fid... Epitome of Phrenology, fid... 
Crombie's Gymnasium, 2 vols, 8vo.,2ls. . Physical Geography, 

1 vol. 8vo., 6s Reid's Catechism of Heal; pd Hunter's 

Livy, Book 21 to 25, 4s.. ..Mahon's England, vol. 3., 188.. .. 
Combie's Clavis Gyninasii, fis... Reynolds's Arithmetic, 2s... 
Book of the United States, 188... Vision of Rubita, 8vo., 28... 

Missionary Convention, 6s... Bush's Notes on Joshua, fis 

Memoirs of Mrs. Taylor, fis Parker's Missionary Tour, 

8vo., 88... Anatomical Remembrancer, 2d ed., 3s. fid... What 
have I been About, by a Lady, l8mo., 2s. fid... Demon of the 
Winds, a poem. 2s... Game Act, 38. fid... The only Daughter, 
3 vols.. 3ls. fid... Minstrel Melodies, a collection of songs. 5s. 
.. ..Memoirs of the Wemerian Natural History Society, 8vo., 
vol. 7, 18s. ..Lardner's Encyclopedia, Vol. 109 (1st vol. at 
Swainson's Fishes) .... Gardner's Music and Friends, 2 vols. 
8vo., 248... Tales of Enterprize, 2s. fid... Domestic Hints, by a 
Lady, 2s. fid... The Women of England, by Mrs. Ellis, 98... 
Galbraith's Piece Goods calculated, is. fid.. . Douglas's Ready 
Reckoner, is... Book of Family Prayer, Is. fid.. . Dr. Castle's 
Translation of the Pharmacopoeia Lond., 4s...Burder's First 

Latin Exercise, is. fid Scripture Illustration from Scott's i 

Bible, afis Wreath of Wild Flowers, 78. fid . ..Irvinese's * 

London Flora, ios.,..The Meteorologist, is.. ..Carpenter's 
Physiology, 8vo., 158.. . Cutch j or, Sketches of Western India. 
By Mrs. Postans, 8vo. 148. 



London : Printed by Jowph Masters, 83. Aldengate Street. Published every S*t^y «^5L^* ChMibew, l»» Pater- 

7 iMSterRow,byWiUtamWert,»ndioWbyaUBoolMeUersaiidNew8ven^^ 



ALDINE MAGAZINE 



_..a._ »a.i.'A 



"*--tsm» airtr tfef arts. 



REDUCTION OF POSTAGE. 
n the Prospectus of Tbb Aldinb Magazine, 
vs intunated ttutt each succeedini^ Number, 
r the first, should commence with a brief 
gmal Paper, or " Le&ding Article," on some 
ular topic erf the day. It is intended that 
se papers shall be devoted chiefly, though 

exclusively, to the interests of literature, 
nee, and the fine arts, more especially as 
le subjects may iuTolve the interests of the 
unanity at la^e. In thin view, although 
hing absolutely new can be advanced upon 

point, we are not aware of any topic in 
ich the sympathies of the people are bo 
pug, so general, as in the desire — the demand 
i a reduction of postage. It ia a question in 
ich all the moral affections are concerned — 
>rhich the buyer as well as the teller has a 
m — in which the promotion of trade, com- 
rce, and mauu&ctnres, as well as of lite- 
ire, science, and the arte, is deeply impli- 
ed — in which the increage of the property of 
kiduals, and consequently the increase of Ike 
owe of the State, — and again, consequently, 

I ADVANCINO FKOSFEBITT AKD ORBATNBSS 

THB coDNTBT, are at stake. From the 
id's End to John O'Groat's the cry is tmi- 
wW for a reduction of pottage — for a universal 
riNNT FOETAGB. Soouer or later — and it will 
not be long first — the demand mvat be con- 
Rded. 

And why should it not be conceded inatanter ? 

It is no longer a question of revenue. It was 

Aetm, before a Committee of the House of 

CowBons, that the average cost of a letter to j 

B* rtttiver is S^d,, whilst the coat to Govem- 

■*"' ■'"*" for letters to the remotest distances 

sland, ia considerably under a penny ! 

I proved. &om incontrovertible evi- 

, making full and liberal allowance 

additional expenses that would be 

' the Post Office, for an increase of 

lequent upon the increased number 

vhich would result from the reduc- 

tage to a change of one penny for 

be die distance long or short, would 

ut by aa increfiM of five and a half 

HO. U. 



fold on the number of letters now carried. That 
ia, if the increase were to be only five and a half 
fold the revenue would sustain no diminutioii 
of its yresent annual amount. On the other 
hand, there was every reason to suppose, from 
numerous calculations by the most competent 
authorities, that the actual increase in the num- 
ber of letters, consequent on the reduction of 
postage to a penny for each letter, would not 
be lees than fifteen fold. Thus, instead of a 
diminution of the revenue of the Post Office, 
there would be a considerable increase. Yet, 
even were it otherwise — were there to be a po- 
sitive diminution in the Post Office receipts — 
the loss would be abundantly compensated for, 
from a thousand sources, in the aggregate re- 
venue o{ the State. 

From a mass of evidence delivered before the 
Committee of the House of Commons, it was 
apparent that, in cases almost innumerable, for 
manufacturing, commercial, and trading est^- 
liahmenta, the annual profits would be increased, 
by the adoption of a universal penny postage, 
from 25 to 50, 75, and even 100 per cent. 
From the increase of produce and of consump- 
tion what advantages must occiu to the State, 
no less than to individuals, from the additional 
amount of duties to he paid on innumerable ar- 
ticles employed and consumed ! To illustrate 
this position, it would be unnecessary to dwell 
upon the facilities which would be given by the 
conveyance of letters not exceeding half an 
ounce eachin weight, for a penny, to the transit 
of samples of various sorts — of auctioneers' ca- 
talogues and particulars — -of booksellers' cata- 
logues of new and of second-hand books — of 
prices current — of market letters, and notices — 
of patterns of drapery, silks, ribbons, laces, &c. 
— to say nothing of friendly and domestic cor- 
respondence of every possible description. 

The mind, as well as the eye, is too fre- 
quently distracted by having a multitude of 
objects placed before it at once. To give force 
there is nothing like concentration. We shall 
therefore follow the example of Sterne, when, 
to illustrate the wretchedness and misery at- 
tendant on incarceration, he took a siitgle cap- 



1 



18 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



ive, and placed him in a cell. We shall tak e 
a single case— -Our own — ^with reference to The 
Aldinb Magazinb. 

With the riew of extending the sale, and 
promoting the interest of the publication in 
various respects, we should immediately, had 
we a penny postage of which to avail ourselves, 
issue 20,000 letters, addressed to individuals 
likely to patronise the undertaJdng. This we 
could accomplish, paying the postage, at a cost 
of 83/. 6s. Sd, ; a positive addition of so much 
to the Post Office revenue. If by this process 
we should be enabled to add (an exceedingly 
probable result) 1000 copies to our circu- 
lation, it would make a difference, in our week- 
ly returns, of about 9/. 7s, 6d, ; in those of the 
year, of 487/. 10*. Repeating the dispatch of 
20,000 letters four times in the year, we should 
give an increase to the Post Office revenue of 
333/. 6s, Sd. If the cost of The Aldinb Maga- 
zine were a shilling per number instead of 
three pence, the difference' in our weekly re- 
turns, effected by the sale of only one addi- 
tional thousand, would be 37/. 10*. or 1,950/. 
a-year. 

This calculation applies in substance to every 
other periodical pubUcation, and to every book- 
seller, as proprietor of periodical publications, in 
the kingdom,^ and witii equal force in the case 
of all hterary works whatever.. 

Whilst 'upon this principle the proprietors 
of Thb Aldinb Magazine would be materially 
increasing their own profits, they would be in 
an equal proportion adding to the revenue of 
the State ; not only by heightening the receipts 
of the Post Office department, but also by an 
enlarged payment of the duties imposed upon 
the paper, and other articles employed in the 
work, to the amount of about one seventh of 
the entire cost. This case is applicable, with 
variations, to every instance of manufacture 
and productive labour that can be named. As 
Dr.. Lardner has remarked, the Post Office re- 
venue, as it is now levied, is " a most iniquitous 
tax upon the affections, the morals, upon every 
social good, and upon every thing that it is de- 
sirable to cultivate among a people in a state 
of progressive civilization. It is a tax on 
knowledge, a tax on science, and a tax on lite- 
rature." It is the more oppressive too, as it 
is not, and cannot be required, by the exigencies 
of the state ; for it has been shewn that, by the 
required alteration — ^by the adoption of a uni- 
versal penny postage — ^the nation at large would 
be incalculably benefited, and the revenue of 
the State would not be diminished, but increased. 

We repeat, therefore, that sooner or later — 
and it will not be long first — the demand must 
be conceded* 



Such of our readers as may be disposed to 
pursue their inquiries on thijs important sub- 
ject, and to make themselves xnastets of its de- 
tails, will do well to refer to Mr. Ashurst's 
pamphlet, entitled Facts and Reasons in support 
of Mr. Rowland MilVs Flan for a Universal 
Fenny Fostage. 



LETTERS TO MY SON AT ROME. 



LETTER 11. 

Aldine Chambers, Paternoster Row, 
London, Dec. 1, 1838. 

My deab Son, 

You ask me the site of the Aldine Cham- 
bers. They are situated in Paternoster Row, 
within sixty yards of Cheapside, and of the 
highest ground in this great City, as it appears 
by a well known memorial affixed to a wall in 
Pannier Alley : — 

" When you have searched the City round, 
You^lI still find this the highest ground.^' 

You will, therefore perceive, that the Aldinb 
holds an elevated position. It is also within 
sixty yards of the northern side and grand 
entrance to St. Paul's, of which I should com- 
mand a grand view were the eastern side of 
Canon Alley levelled with the ground. Then, 
however, tie Bible and Crown, the King's 
head, and a hive of sweets, would be levelled 
with it ; and this would be as bad as levelling 
a Cannon against the Canons of the Church. 
But I must explain this seeming parable. The 
Bible and Crown have, for upwards of a century, 
constituted the sign of the Messrs. Rivington, 
whose highly respectable and venerable estab- 
lishment /ace« me — that is, with its hack front, 
1 believe the Messrs. Rivington to be the very 
oldest surviving family of booksellers in Lon- 
don. They have not only been booksellers and 
agents to the Universities of Oxford and Cam- 
bridge, in the sale of bibles, common prayer 
and classical books, but were also appointed 
booksellers to the Society for promotinqg Chris- 
tian Knowledge, nearly from its commence- 
ment. The first work that has come under 
my notice, with their name attached, was " A 
Defence of the Church and its Ministry/* pub- 
lished in 1718, but they have shop bill-heads 
in their possession of so early a date as 1710. 
Thus you will perceive, they have been pillars 
and supporters of the Church, with imdeviating 
principles, for considerably more than a century, 
from their commencement. It is my intention 
to give a biographical sketch of this family, 
during four generations. This I have prepared ; 
and it will be followed by biographical noticeA 



THB ALDtkE MAoAZtNfi. 



of othefs of the oldest and moat respectable 
booksellera of the modem school. First, how- 
erer, it is my irish to glance ttrough the 
periods and principal points of the ancient 
printers, bookHellers, and others connected with 
literature. 

With regard to the King's head alluded to, 
it ornaments tvo angle-boarda over the en- 
trance of a small poblic house in Ctmon Alley, 
fonnerly kept by a respectable widow, of the 
name of Holt ; and frequented, ^me fifty or 
aiity years ago, by men of literary talent and 
Kcentticity, clerical as well lay. The wgn has 
rtood the storms of nearly a century, without 
bdng retonched. I will not say that It was 
piinted by Vandyke, Lely, or Kneller ; but it 
wonld not disgrace a modem sign-post dauber. 
The hive of sweets to which I have alluded, 
ms the old estahliahed pastry and confectionary 
ratabliflhment carried on for half a century, by 
^ far fomed and loyal citizen Mr. Vanbagen, 
irho, amongst other delicacies, made the best 
" Corentry cakes ' ' in London, and whose short 
xgoat grotesque fig;ure attracted much attention. 
Ilia was considerably increased in hulk during 
the mania of the members of the City train 
band militia. Mr. V. was foremost in the 
throng; and, bursting with loyalty and for 
lailitary evolutions and honours, was said to 
have given rise to the popular ballad of 
" He would be a soldier, mj aweet Willie, !" 
Another dngular and popular character 
raided within sixty yards of the range I have 
^escribed to myself in this epistle. This vraa 
u other than Mr. Beyer, at the top of Pater- 
noater Row, or rather the comer of Cheapside. 
He was ui eminent linendraper, superlatively 
(xdite — somewhat taller than my friend V., 
QM quite so stout, but he became more popular 
~~baiig no less distinguished a personage than 
the celebrated John Gilpin, whom the inimita- 
UeCowper immortalized in his ballad of 
"John Gilpin was a citizen, of credit and renown, 
AUaiD-band Soldier, eke was be, of famous Lon- 

'fliis ta not generally known, but that Cowper 
Ivd Beyei in his eye when he wrote the Poem, 
I bad the assurance fifty years ago, frtHn John 
Annealey Colet, who knew Beyer better than I 
did, and also Mr. Cowper and some of his cod- 

My friend, John Annesley Colet,wasadeecen- 
| fett of the learned Dean Colet,* and nephew 

I ' D'' John Colet, the eldest of twenty-two chil- 
«oi, belonging to Sir Henry Colet, Knt. a wealthj 

1 T?f°' "'^ ""'* ^"^ '''* "''"^ "^^^^ "^ London. 
I ™^auhjea of ihia nole, who afterwards became one 
I *(lMn«tt monifiseat patroM of learning of the age 



to the celebrated Jo 
related to the Annes 
married that eccentri 
That Colet was as 
will readily believe ■ 
some youthful adven 
myself participant, 
however, I must res* 
Afterwards, and t 
will endeavour to coi 
outline of my " Res 
1792, or the first « 
seven stages s but I 
pelled to draw upon 

in which he lived, recei' 
College, Oxford; when 
years' application to a ( 
neni, and rapidly attain 
and triendship of Eraati 
oiher distinguished schc 
sented to the living ol 
eight years after, to that 
ahire ; and gradually ati 
lalion for learning and s 
to the deanery of St. P 
exertions in the promoti 
coiiragemeiW given by 
prosecutioD of biblical : 
sermons, in the deliver; 
roused the Jealousy of 
poraries, who made Fi 
their agent in denouncin 
bisliop VVarham. Tha 
his motives, refused to ■ 
Dr. Colet soon after con 
by which he is principa 
study of the learned lao 
the Greek in partJcul 
couTcigement from a si 
name of Trojans, who 6 
altogether useless, and i 
dean himself attained 
till a late period of his 
tant branch of literature 
of general learning, ytai 
ance of which, in i; 
endowed St. Paal'a Scl 
hundred and fifty-three 
William Lily, became 
in^t establishment; (c 
grammar, bearing the n: 
piled by their joint ex 
survive to witness the 
the diffiision of opinion: 
Iribuled so materially ; 
less than seven years, 
rising prosperity of his ! 
sickness then so geneial 
bequeathed bis school i 
intendance of the Mer 
auspices it has contjnu 
the present handsome 
Paul's Cathedral, was 
on the original site, a 
1835. 



20 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



the public, ere I can reach modem times ; as 
you and they will perceive that I am giving 
precedence to the older booksellers and others 
connected with literary pursuits. As nearly as 
circumstances will admit, I shall adopt the 
chronological order. In the interim, I am most 
anxious for your communications from the 
eternal City and other parts of Italy. 
Ever my dear Son, 

Your affectionate Father, 

An Old Booksbllbb. 



MEN, WOMEN, AND EVENTS OF 
THE WEEK BEFORE US. 



Murphy's Predictions. — ^The Archbishop and the 
Virgin. — ^Titles of the Virgin Mary. — ^An Author 
in a Small Way. — St. Tychicus. — Richard Baxter. 
— ^The first English Actress. — Shaving of a Queen. 
— Fashionable Hours. — Jordan the Poet. — Men 
in Petticoats, and the Women's Revenge. — Mil- 
ton's Birthday. — Death, Character, and Family 
Connexions of George Washington. — A Dazzling 
Beauty — Hint to Lady Blessington. — Ghost of 
Major Andr^. — Grouse-shooting and Salmon-fish- 
ing. — A Royal Present. — La Fontaine's Anecdote 
of a Gourmand. — Costly Fish. — Trial of Louis 
XVI.— Charles XII. of Sweden.— Gay the Poet. 
— Dean Swift and The Beggar's Opera.r-Miss 
Fenton, Duchess of Bolton. — Lord Hood and Dr. 
Darwin. — Colley Cibber, Dr. Haller, and Alder- 
man Boydell. — Henry IV. of France. — Gesner the 
Learned. — Giordani the Mathematician. — The 
late Lord EUenborough, Warren Hastings, and 
William Hone. — ^The Recorder of London. — Pope 
Pius VI. — Mrs. Trimmer. — Izaak Walton, Dean 
Swift, and Lord Byron. — Angling and Anglers. — 
Audi alteram parbm. 

Let our friends of the harder as well as of 
the softer sex look to it ; for that renowned 
and infallible oracle. Murphy, has predicted — 
and when did his predictions fail — that, after 
the "fair" weather of Wednesday, and the 
"changeable" of Thursday, and the "rain, 
wind, and probably snow" of yesterday, we are 
to have it "fair," with "frost," to-day, and 
ditto repeated to-morrow. We shall see. 

Tradition informs us that, on the 8th of 
December, A.D. 1070, upon occasion of Wil- 
liam the Conqueror's fleet having been in a 
Btorm, and afterwards safely making land, An- 
selm. Archbishop of Canterbury, instituted the 
festival of the Inmiaculate Conception of the 
Virgin Mary. If the date be given correctly, 
was not the pious prelate a little " out of his 
reckoning ?" In the Romish church, the Vir- 
gin is addressed by a plurality of titles, from 
which the following are selected : — ^Empress of 
Heaven; Queen of Heaven; Empress of An- 



gels ; Queen of Angels ; Empress of the Earth 
Queen of the Earth ; Lady of the Universe 
Lady of the World ; Mistress of the World 
Patroness of the Men ; Advocate for Sinners 
Mediatrix ; Grate of Paradise ; Mother of Mer- 
cies, &c. 

It is astonishing the propensity that some 
people have to write about, not only what they 
do not understand, but what it is impossible 
they should understand. Thus Peter D'Alva, 
a priest of the Roman Catholic Church, wrote 
and published forty-eight foUo volumes " On 
the Mysteries of the Immaculate Conception of 
the Holy Virgin !" 

The festival of St. Tychicus, in the Gh^ek 
Church, is celebrated on the same day as that 
of the Immaculate Conception, 

Richard Baxter, a celebrated non-conformist 
divine, has on this day enjoyed his " Everlast* 
ing Rest" 147 years. 

Saturday, the 8th of December, 1 660, ex- 
actly 178 years ago this day, may be regarded 
as constituting an epoch in the history of the 
English stage. It was on that day, at the Vere 
Street theatre, that the first actress ventured 
on the boards. We are indebted to Leigh 
Hunt, in his clever but defunct London Journal, 
for directing our attention to this curious and 
interesting fact. It is generally known that, 
previously to the time mentioned, the perform- 
ance of female characters was sustained by boys, 
and even by men. Accordingly, we are told of 
" the stage having been kept waiting while the 
Queen was shaved." K3niaston was the actor 
of whom this anecdote is related. In his youth 
he was remarkably handsome ; and, " even at 
past sixty, his teeth were sound, white, and 
even, as one would wish to see in a reigning 
toast of twenty." Colley Cibber tells us that, 
when a youth, Kynaston was so beautiful, 
" that the ladies of quaUty prided themselves 
in taking him with them in their coaches to 
Hyde Park in his theatrical habit after the play, 
which in those days,** adds Colley very quaintly, 
" they might have suflicient time to do, because 
plays were then used to begin at four o'clock — 
the hour that people of the same rank are now 
going to dinner." — ^Alack and a-well-a-day ! 
we need not inform oub fashionahle readers, 
that four o'clock, p.m., is now much nearer the 
breakfast than the dinner hour ! 

Revenons cL nos moutons, — Only think of a 
he Desdemona or Ophelia! Desdemona was 
the first character peif ormed by a woman at the 
Vere Street theatre. On this occasion Thomas 
Jordan* wrote " A Prologue, to introduce the 

* Thomas Jordan was a performer belonging to 
a company at the Red Bull, and was one of the few 
players and poets who Uved to see the restoration of 



k 



r 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



fint Womaa th&t came to act on the Stage, in 
L the tragedy called the Moor of Venice." From 
|ihig compoaition we extract the following 

r "Oar women are defective, and so sized, 

You'd think tbey were some of (he guaid disguised ; 
I Foe, to speak Uulh, men act, that are between 
I Forrt and fiftj, wenches of fifteen; 

With bone so large, and nerve so incompliaQt, 

When jou call Desdemooa — enler giant 1" 

The iKdy-performer was Tvell received, and 

her sex have ever since occupied their proper 

nation in the theatrical world. Gibber, how- 

erer, atatee that the stage could not be so 

I denlj supplied with women, " but that there 

ms still a neceseity for some time to put the 

I bsadsome young men into petticoats." Some 

I d the pretty actresses of the present day seek 

L^idr revenge by " o'erstepping the modesty of 

Hunre," and offetutvely awiiming the inexpres- 

PPnie 9th of December is the anniversary of 
fMiltim'a birthday : why should it not be kept .' 

" When I was yet a child, no childish play 
' To me was pleasing ; all my mind was set 
Serious to learn ana know, and thence to do 
What might be public good ; myself I thought 
Bom lo ^at end ; bom to promote all truth, 
Al! righteous things." — Farad. Reg. 
riilton was bom in Bread Street, London, 
1606; he died in Bunhill Row, at the age 
ixty-^, in 1674 ; and his remains were in- 
Ted in the church of St. Griles, Cripplegate, 
Eze there is a monument to his memory. 
[he anniversary of John Milton's birth is 
t of George Washington's death. Wash- 
ton, the rebel chief, the republican stickler 
&>erty, the practical and personal patron of 
reiy — for he never granted the manumission 
even his own old &ithful nurse — has now 
Q dead nine-aud-thirty years. In the twelve- 
Moe L^e of WasMagtou, just completed, by 
ed Sparks, it is inferred that the hero was 
descendant of a Lawrence Washington, 
[-iiiio served the office of Mayor of Northampton 
, in the year 1538. now exactly three hundred 
no_ » — Qf (jjg game family in all proba- 
Slizab^th, the daughter and heiress 
B Washington, of Garesden, in the 
Wilts, Esq., who was married to 
rley, the first Barl Ferrers, at the 
: seventeenth, or commencement of 
nth century. We shoidd like to 

He succeeded John Tatham as City 
supposed to have died in 1685. He 
<K of four plays, a collection of verses 
I a Wildtmett, and various other works, 
and alliterative titles, according to the 



know how the repu 

enjoyed the aristocr 

quote, as applied to 

riage with Ina family 

graphical History o 

" anonymous portrai 

he says, " is dressi 

which nearly resemb 

engraving referred t 

under the head : — 

" Lo I here a beauty in 

Day from her hair ; 

The tan amax'd a hea 

So much can bibtb e 

We recommend tl 
of Lady Blessingtoi 
The Book of Beauty. 

Granger adds — " 
of the dedication b 
which this very u^j 
was prefixed. Hiis 

" To die true mirroui 
able Mrs. EUinor Paig 
plished, with all real 
Washington, her only < 
truly honourable Lan. 
lately deceased." 

If the collatend i 
beautiful, aU-accompl 
a great man, which 
and posterity to learr 
circumstance alone. 
ington, hut the sheet 
stands before us. T 
triotic and nohle-mii 
eternal blot upon thi 
— a blot which every 
renders but the more 

They who are tired 
ends on the 10th of 1 
the Tay, where sain 
the 11th. Salmon, 
fish, was, in the rragi 
present worthy of a 
reign, the Queen of S 
of Glarence ten 
which Henry directet 
Fontaine gives an ane 
having dispatched an 
not stated,) with th 
was taken so ill that t 
his recovery to be i 
said the dying fish-fi 
the remainder of my 
of February, 1809. 
man at Billingsgate, i 
salmon, weighing nini 
le guinea per pa 
rer in Bond-stree 



1 



» 



THE ALI>INE MAGAZINE, 



On the lOth of December, forty-six years 
have elapsed since the trial of the ill-fated 
Louis XVI. Quare : What have the French 
gained by the revolution ? 

On the 11th, Charles XII, of Sweden-^a 
true hero — a high-minded patriot, mad though 
he was deemed, and may have been — will have 
mingled with his native earth 120 years. He 
was killed by a cannon shot before the fortress 
of FredericshaU, in Norway. 

Dr. William Cullen, well known by his ** Lec- 
tures on the Materia Medica," and various other 
works, was bom at lianark, in Scotland, on the 
11th of December, 1712. He died at the age 
of seventy-eight. 

Oay, the poet, an amazingly popiilar writer 
in his day, but now remembered chiefly by his 
Fables and his Beggar's Opera, died on the 
11th of December, 1772, at the parly age of 
forty-four. The Beggar's Opera is said to 
have originated from a passing remark of Dean 
Swift's — " What an odd pretty sort of thing a 
Newgate pastoral might make!" 'Piis piece 
was performed for the first time at the Lin- 
coln's Inn Fields theatre, in the season of 
1727-8. It enjoyed an uninterrupted run of 
sixty-three nights. For an entire season it 
overthrew that Dagon of the nobility and gen- 
try, the Italian Opera. It was a pungent po- 
litical as well as musical satire. The ladies 
carried about its favourite songs engraven on 
their fern-mounts ; and various pieces of furni- 
ture were decorated with its scenes. The au- 
thor's profits are said to have amounted to 
2000/. '' It made Gay rich, and Rich (the 
manager) gay" — " Miss Fentoi^, who acted 
Polly, though till then perfectly obscure, became 
all at once the idol of the town ; her pictures 
were engraven, and sold in great nuipbers ; her 
life written ; books of letters and verses to her 
published ; and pamphlets made of even her 
very sayings and jests ; nay, she herself was 
received to a station, in consequence of which 
she, before her death, attainted the highest x^oik 
a female subject can acquire, being married to 
the Duke of Bolton." 

Admiral Lord Hood, bom on the 12th of 
December, 1724, died in 1816 ; and Dr. Eras- 
mus Darwin, the poet, author of the " Botanic 
G^den," and many other brilliant but eccen- 
tric works, was bom on the 12th of December, 
1732, and died in 1802. 

Colley Gibber, actor and dramatist, died on 
the 12th of December, 1767, at the age of 
eighty-six ; Albert Von Haller, an eminent 
Swiss physician, died on the 12th of December, 
1777, aged sixty-nine ; and Alderman John 
BoydeU, originally an engn^ver, and afterwards 
an eminent printseller, and one of the noblest 



patrons of the fine arts m England, died on the 
12th of December, 1804, in his eighty-fifth 
year. — Colley Gibber wrote about thirty dramas, 
some of which yet hold their station as stock 
pieces. His Apology for his life is one of the 
most dehghtful pieces of autobiography extant. 
Henry IV., styled the Great, King of France 
and Navarre, is entitled to have the anniversary 
of his birth celebrated on the 1 3th of Decem- 
ber. Bom in 1553, he was assassinated by a 
fanatic of the name of Ravaillac, in 1610, in 
the twenty-second yefur of his reign. The 
character of this monarch is thus summed up, 
by Henault, the French historian :-t--" He imited 
to extreme frankness the most dexterous policy ; 
to the most elevated sentiments a chfurmiqg 
simplicity of manners ; to a soldier's courage 
an inexhaustible fund of humanity." 

Conrad Gesner, a^ eminent physician and 
naturalist, whose fame was circulated over Eu- 
rope, and who maintained a correspondence 
with the learned men of all countries, was 'l>pm 
at Zurich, in Switzerland, in 1513. He was 
professor of philosophy, at Zurich, for twenty- 
four years. As a botanist, he was especially 
celebrated. His greatest literary perfonpance, 
HUtoria Antmalium, procured him the appel- 
lation of The Pliny of Crermany. His Bibliotheca 
Universalis, a full catalogue of all writers extant 
in three languages — Grreek, Latin, and Hebrew 
— ^is a monument of immense industry and 
learning. The Emperor Charles V. made him 
a present of plate and jewels, which are noticed 
in his will as efficacious encouragements to 
learning. For his gi«at and various merits he 
was also advanced to the rank of nobility. 
When he though this hour was approaching, he 
chose to be led at midnight out of his bsdroom 
into his study, and placed in the chair at his 
vnriting- table, where, laying his elbow on a 
folio, he said he would await his end ; Death 
should find him at his darling occupation ; and 
in this attitude he soon afterwards expired, on 
the 1 3th of December, 273 years ago. 

An instance of the energy and perseverance 
of talent presents itself in the life of Vital Oior- 
dani, the mathematician, the anniversary of 
whose birth occurs on the 13th of December. 
Giordani was originally a soldier in the Papal 
galleys, where he studied arithmetic. On going 
to Rome, he was made keeper of the casde of 
St. Angelo. Louis XIV. appointed him teacher 
in the academy which he founded at Rome ; 
and he was also made engineer to the castle of 
St. Angelo, and mathematical professor to the 
college Delia Sapienza, Giordani was bom in 
1633, and died in 1711. 

On the 13th of December, Edward Law, 
first Lord EUenborough, Lord Chief Justice of 



r_ 



THB ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



the CoQrt of King's Bench, &c. mB. have been 
dead twenty years. His Lordship was bom 
in 1748. On the memorable trial of Warren 
HastiDgs, in 1785, Mr. Erskine having refused 
to undertake the defence, Mr. Law stood for- 
ward as leading coonsel, and obtuned the 
victory. It was believed that the result of the 
trials of Hone, who was prosecuted for impious 
parodies and Ubela, had a, serious and fatal 
effect on his Lordship's declining health. The 
Hon, Mr. Law, the present Hecorder of the City 
<rf London, a man eminently distinguished by 
Wa kind and benevolent feeUngs, is a younger 
Km of his Lordship. 

Conrad Malte Brun, poet, polilidan, and 
geogn^er, has been dead twelve years on the 
14th of diis month. 

On the 15th, in 1799, according to a state- 
ment bdbre us, died tiie imfortunate Pope Hus, 
VI., whose secular name was John Angelo 
Braschi. He vas bom in 1717, and succeeded 
Clement XIV. in 1776. He reformed the 
ptMc treasury, and completed the museum in 
flie Vtrican ; and, what was of fer greater im- 
portance, drained the Pontine marshes — a pro- 
ject which had baffled several of the emperors, 
ind many of the popes. When Buonaparte 
entned Italy the second time, he made Pius a 
prisiMer in his capital, llie venerable pontiff 
WM carried away by the victors, and hurried 
OTer the Alps to Valence, where he died of es- 
ceasve ftitigue and ill usage. 

Few names are upon record, the possessors 
id wbidi contributed so much in their day to 
the moral and reli^us weliare, as well as to 
the amusement, of youth, as Mrs. Saiah Trim- 
hkt. Hiis lady, the dau^ter of Joshua Kirby, 
nho wrote on perspective, was bom in 1741. 
at Ipswich. We l^ve passed many a dear and 
kippy hour in the house of her birth. Mrs. 
IViminer was related to the Rev. W. Kirby, of 
BnffiDlk, the author of one of the Bridgewater 
Treatises, a popular vrork on entomolf^, &c. 
She died on the 15th of December, 1810. 

Izuk Walton, author of that well-known 
»ork, "The Complete Angler" — the gentle 
haak Walton, as he has frequently been termed 
—was bom at Stafford, in 1583. He died on 
the 15th of December, 155 years ^o. He 
kqit a linendraper's shop in London, first in 
the Royal Exchange, and afterwards at the 
(omer of Chancery Lane, in Fleet Street. He 
■named a sister of Bishop Ken ; and he wrote 
the lives of Hooker, Bishop Sanderson, Wotton, 
Domie, and Herbert. Dean Swift, in his pun- 
gent ridicule of angling, defined a fishing-rod 
u n long stick, with a fish at one end and a 
fool at the other. Lord Byron vras yet more 
ooitic on liie snl^jtct ; instance the following 



' And angling, too, that solitary 
Whatever Iiaak Walton sings ■ 
The quaint, old, cruel cox< 
Should have a book, and 






WATEtt-MAEKS IN P 

Paper makers, as well as print 
accustomed to appropriate cert 
devices to distinguish the produ 
manufacture, respectively, from 
Some of these marks, however 
common, and. inconsequence, g 
to different sorts of paper. In 
win presently appear. 

It is agreed tbat we were orif 

vrith our printing papers from 

" The paper used by Caxton," 

Timperley,t " and other early 

great variety of marks, of whi< 

le ox-head and star, the letter 

the hand and star, a collared do 

trefoil over it, a crown, a shit 

thing tike a bend upon it, &c." 

used in Caxton's Dictet and i 

It would have ttugfat him hv 
This senCimenlal savage, whom it is 
(amongst the novtlists) to show th 
innocent sports and old songs, leacht 
''" ~, and break (heir 1^ by way c 
ion to the art of angling — the c 
est, and the stupidest of pietendei 
may talk about Ihe beauties of natui 
merely thinks of the dish offish, he 
take his eyes from off (he streams, ai 
worth to him more than all the : 
Besides, some fish bite best on a 
whaie, the shark, and the/tunny fisi 
what of noble and perilous in them ; 
'rawliiig, Sic. are more humane ai 
ingling ! — No angler can be a good i 

" ' One of (he beat men I ever kn 
delicate-minded, generous, and exc 
as any in the world— was an angler : 
with painted flies, and would have b 
the extravagances of I. Walton.' 

" The above addition was made 
reading over the MS. — 'audi altei 
leave it to counterbalance my own ol 

■f Should Mr. Tirapprley imagi 
jiaking too free with the contenis 
Dictionary, we beg leave to remarii 
liberty originates in Ihe respect we 
book ; second^, in the consciousnes 
shall tumish ample means fi 



i^f 



24 



THE ALDINR MAGAZINE. 



PhUosophers, printed in the year 1477, 
find the following water-marks : — 



we 




Pr^ 





Water-marks, especially with dates, have at 
various periods been the means of detecting 
frauds, forgeries, and other impositions, in our 
courts of law and elsewhere. Such evidence, 
however, is not entirely so^d. For instance: 
we have no doubt that there is paper now in 
the market, and in actual use, bearing the 
water-mark date of 1839. Suppose, upon a 
sheet of this paper, a legal instrument to be 
executed, bearing the date of Saturday, De- 
cember 8, 1838 ; or, suppose the second Number 
of The Aldine Magazine to be printed on 
paper of this description. Here would be legal 
evidence, though absolutely false in fact, that 
the instrument purporting to have been so ex- 
ecuted, or the Magazine purporting to have 
been so printed, was, prima facie, ante-dated, 
and, consequently, fraudulent in point of time. 
On the other hand, here is an amusing in- 
stance, cited by Beloe, of the detection of a 
monkish imposture : — 

*' The monks of a certain monastery at Messina 
exhibited, with great triumph, a letter written by the 
Virgin Mary with her own hand. Unluckily for 
them this was not, as it easily might have been, 
written on the ancient papyrus, but on paper made of 
rags. On one occasion, a visitor to whom this was 
shewn, observed with affected solemnity, that ' the 
letter involved also a miracle, for the paper on which 
it was written was not in existence till several hundred 
years after the mother of our Lord had ascended into 



no regular paper mill estaUished in £nglan( 
before the year 1588, when John Spi~ 
jeweller to Queen Elizabeth, erected one 
Dartford, in Kent. The erroneousness, how- 
ever, of this opinion is shewn by the follow 
curious note, under the date of May 25, 
in Lord Bacon's History of King Henry VII. 
— "Item, for a rewarde geven at the papei 
mylle, 16s. Od.*' In Bartholomeus de Propri'^ 
etatibus Rerum, also, printed by W3rnken de 
Worde, the servant and associate of Caxton, ^ 
mention is made of a paper mill near Steven- 
age, in Hertfordshire, belonging to John Tate 
the younger, who, there is reason to believe, 
was the first English paper maker. His water- 
mark was an eight-pointed star, within a dou- 
ble circle. " The ox-head," observes Timper- 
ley, " sometimes with a star or a flower over it, 
is the mark of the paper on which Faust printed * 
some of his early books : but the open hand, 
which was likewise a very angient mark, re- 
mained longer in fashion, and probably gave 
the name to what is still called hand paper" 
The subjoined transcript is taken from a loose 
page at the beginning of a Bible, printed in 
1 539 :— 

What follows we take from Timpeblet's 
Biographical, Chronological, and Historical Dic- 
tionary, predsely as we find it. 



eaven. 



» tf 




" Another very favourite paper-mark, at a some- 
what later period, was the jug, or pot, which seems 
to have been the origin of the term pot paper. It is 
sometimes found plain, but oftener bears the initials 
or first letters of the maker's name : hence there is a 
very great variety of figures, every paper-maker having 
a somewhat different mark. We have given figures 
of both kinds : the jugs or flagons are often of a very 
elegant shape, and curious as showing the workman- 
ship of the times in which they were made. 

"The specimens here given are taken firom books 
printed in 1539. 



It was at one time believed, that there was 





THB AtDINK MAGAZINE 



. ft later device, and does not 
iy of such loDg continiunce u 

1 place to the 6gure Britannia. 
int, aapporting the cap of li- 
ime, however, has continued, 
i paper of a particular aiie by 
«r. The sabjoined figure has 
;li we 30 often read of in old 
he particular dress of the fool, 
irt of ever; great man's eslab- 




" Post paper seems to have derived its name from 

Ht-hoiu which at one lime was its distinguishing 

This is of later date, and does not seem to 

Feheenused before the establishment of the general 

what it became the custom to blow a 




"Tie paper from which the above is coined was 
dUed 1670. 

" The mark is still sometimes used ; but the : 
d«Dge which has to much dimioisbed the number of 

Cted signi in the streets of our towns and cities, 
HSily made paper-marks a matter of antiquarian 
cniiMiiy ; the maker's name being now generally 
Med,and the maik, in the few instances where it still 
Riuins, serring the purpose of mere ornament rather 
than of distinction." 



Eaade Cotogne. 
Some time since, the Journal del Conniatianeet 
I'tila gave the following recipe for a superior 
«f can de Cologne :— Spirits of wine (of 32 decrees) 
we quart ; essence of citron, two diachms ; essence 
(f banmot, two drachms ; essence of lavender, half 
> j~.S._ . ~ — ~, (jf eedrot, one drachm ; neroii, 

ris, ten drops ; tincture of benzoin, 

1 attar of roses, two drops. Mix; 

hakea the mixture several times, 

F improves with age. 



THE STU 
Ho wnuuiy tears hav 
been, and yet will i 
tunes of the house 
of the lamented Mi 
of bigotry, tyi 
elty and revenge, t 
Glides I., muiden 
less anarchical fact 
extinction of the rs 
sue of pereecutioti 
and evil destiny. " 
Certiun it is, that 
been visited upon t 
of Charles I. were 
•and they were 
ra. That Charl 
heartless profligate 
«8 a narrow-i 
of Henry IV. of 
;qaaUy self-eviden 
&tal error reepectij 
loss of hia crown t 
— that his descent 
aliens, and housel 
the earth. But ft 
Stuart might still ' 
and, with the exi 
without reference t 
hardly possible not 
Stuait for a calci 
man. With Willi 
unacquainted : wh 
that of his religion 
worth while now 
be our devotion to 
the existing state c 
to sympathise wit] 
and more particul 
Charles Edward, n 
history as that of ' 
Our attention 1 
resting subject b) 
and concluding vo! 
tory of England, I 
the Peace of Aix-' 
merits of which, 
must transcribe I 
immediately conse 
to the Cardinal — t 



• History of Enj 
o the Peace of Aix- 
) vob. Svo. Vol. 1 



96 



TAB ALDYNB MAGAZINE. 



signs. In their principles the Jacobites were certainly 
mistaken. They were wrong in shutting their eyes to 
the justice, necessity, and usefulness of the Revolu- 
tion of 1688. They were wrong in struggling against 
the beneficent sway of the House of Hanover. They 
were wrong in seeking to Impose a Roman Catholic 
head upon the Protestant Church of England. But 
we, on our part, should do well to remember that the 
Revolution of 1688 was not sought but forced upon 
us — that its meiit consists partly in the reluctance 
widi which it was embraced — that it -was only an ex- 
ception, though fully justified by the emergency, from 
the best safeguard of liberty and order, the principle 
of HEREDITARY RIGHT. Cau there be a greater proof 
of the value of that principle, than the firmness vnth 
which so many hunared thousands, under the name 
of Jacobites, continued to cling to it for so many 
years after its infraction ? , And what wise statesman 
would willingly neglect to forego an instrument of 
Government so easily acquired, so cheaply retained, 
and so powerfully felt?*' 

The noble heir of the house of Stanhope 
commences the volume before us, by adverting 
to the court intrigues which arose on the death 
of Queen Caroline, in 1738, and regularly con- 
tinues his narrative down to the great political 
event mentioned in the title-page. To us, 
however, from his Lordship's having enjojyed 
full and unrestrained access to the ** Stuart 
Papers," such portions of the work as relate to 
the rebellion of 1745, and to the personal cha- 
racter, adventures, &c. of Prince Chiarles, are 
the* most replete with interest. Yet, into 
these, the confined nature of our limits pre- 
cludes us from entering. With a warm recom- 
mendation of the entire work to general atten- 
tion, we can do nothing more than oflfer one 
or two very brief passages, by way of sample. 

Prince Charles, when young, is thus des- 
cribed : — 

** The person of Charles was tall and well-formed ; 
his limbs athletic and active. He excelled in all 
manly exercises, and v^ras inured to every kind of toil, 
especially long marches on foot, having applied him- 
self to field sports in Italy, and become an excellent 
walker. His face was strikingly handsome, of a per- 
fect oval and a fair complexion ; his eyes light blue ; 
his features high and noble. Contrary to the custom 
of the time, which prescribed perukes, his own fair 
hair usually fell in long ringlets on his neck. This 
goodly person was enhanced by his graceful manners ; 
frequently condescending to the most familiar kind- 
ness, yet always shielded by a regal, dignity, he had 
a peculiar talent to please and to persuade, and never 
failed to adapt his conversation to the taste or to the 
station of those whom he addressed. Yet, he owed 
nothing to his education : it had been intrusted to 
Sir Thomas Sheridan, an Irish Roman Catholic, who 
has not escaped the suspicion of being in the pay of 
the British government, and at their instigation be- 
traying his duty as a teacher. I am bound to say 
that I have found no corroboration of so foul a 
charge. Sheridan appears to me to have lived and 
died a man of honour ; but history can only acquit 
him of base perfidy by accusing him of gross neglect. 



He had certainly left his pupil uninstructed in the 
most common elements of knowledge.'' 

With this, the following, copied from the 
work of an English lady who was at Rome, in 
1770, win be found to contrast curiously and 
painfully : — 

'^The Pretender is naturally above the middle size, 
but stoops excessively ; he appears bloated and red 
in the face ; his countenance heavy and sleepy, which 
is attributed to his having given into excess of drink- 
ing: but, when a youne man, he must have been 
esteemed handsome. His complexion is of the iair 
tint, his eyes blue, his hair light brown^ and the con- 
tour of his face a long oval ; be is by no means thm, 
has a noble person, and a graceful manner. His dress 
vTas scarlet laced with broad gold lace ; he wears the 
blue riband outside of his coat, firom which depends 
a cameo, antique, as^ large as the palm of my nand; 
and he wears the same garter and motto as those of 
the noble order of St. George in England. Upon the 
whole, he has a melancholy, mortified appearance. 
Two gentlemen constantly attend him; they are of 
Irish extraction, and Roman Catholics you may be 

sure At Princess Palestrina's be 

asked me if I understood the game of tarrocei, 
which they were about to play at. I answered in the 
negative : upon which, taking the pack in his hands, 
he desired to know if I had ever seen such odd cards ? 
I replied, that they were very odd indeed. He thei^ 
displaying them said, here is eveiy thing in the world 
to be found in these cards — ^the sun, mooD, the stars; 
and here, says he (throwing me a card), is the Pope ; 
here is the JDevil, and added he there is but one of 
the trio wanting, and you know who that should be ! 
I was so amazed, so astonished, though he spoke this 
last in a laughing, good-humoured manner, that I 
did not know which way to look ; and as to a reply, 
I made none." 

Here is the close of the melancholy tale : — 

" His health had long been declining, and his life 
more than once despaired of; but in January 1788 
he was seized with a paralytic stroke, which deprived 
him of the use of one half of the body, and he ex- 
pired on the 30th of the same month. His funeral 
rites were performed by his brother the Cardinal, at 
Frascati. In the vault of that church lie mouldering 
the remains of what was once a brave and gallant 
heart; and beneath St. Peter's dome, a stately monu- 
ment, from the chisel of Canova, has since arisen to 
the Memory of James the Third, Charles the 
Third, aud Henry the Nivth, Kings of Eng- 
land — names which an Englishman can scarcely 
read without a smile or a sigh !'^ 

We know not whether we should more pity | 
or despise the being who, whilst reading those 
names, could give birth to a smile ! 

One short extract more, and we have done : 
it will serve to show the liberal, generous, 
manly, and honourable feeling of the writer. 

" How soon, on the decay of the Stuart cause, 
other discontents and cabals arose, the eloquent 
Letters of Junius — embalming the petty insects — 
are a}one sufiicient to attest. In these no great 
principles were involved ; but, ere long, the batde 
of parties came to be fought on American ground; 



i 



THE ALDmE MASAZIHS. 



and, ubdei the aecond Pitt, Ihe eflbrta of the Jacobites 
were succeeded by ihe fiercer and more deadly 
itiuggle of the Jacobins. Indeed, in the whole 
period since the Rerotutioa lo the present hour, 
Aeie has not been a nmgle epoch pure from most 
an^ partisatiship, unless it be the short admioislru- 
tioQ of Chatham. This unceasing din and turmoil of 
feetions — this eternal war that may often tempt a 
gentler spirit, like Lord Falkland's, lo sjgh foith 
"Peace, peace, peace 1" has also provoked attacks 
from the most opposite quarters against our admirable 
system of tempered freedom. The Ihvourer of despo- 
tism points to the quiet and tranquility which are 
sometimes enjoyed unijer unlimited Kings. " £n- 
dearour," cries the Republican, " to allay the popu- 
lar restlessness by conceding a larger measure of 
popular control." Between these two extremes there 
lies a more excellent way. May we nevei, on the 
pWa that conflagrations oflen 



pan with that noble dame of liberty which warms 
aaa cherishes the nations, vhile — a still higher bless- 
ing—it erjiigbtens them I I.et us, on the other liaud, 
notlw unmindtul of the lact, that the wider the sphere 
of popular dominion, the louder does the ciy of Ac- 
tion inevitably grow ; and that the uoreiisonableness 
of the demands rises in the same proportion as the 
power to arrest them t^ila. I'he truth is, that so long 
u ignorance is not allowed to trample down education 
and intellect — that is, so long as order and property 
ate in any degree preserved, so loitg il is still pos- 
sible to make complaints against " the privileged 
ien." Any thing short of anarchy may be railed at 
u aristocracy." 

Lord Mahon's work is distingiiiBlie d through- 
out by candour of sentiment, and neatness anc 
even elegance of style. 

Judging from tlie engravings at the end of 
Ihe volume, Cbarlea's band-wriling mtiat hare 
been atrociously bad. Six fine engravings of 
the Stuart Medals, on Betts's patent Anagolyp- 
tigraph principle, materially enhance the value 
of the book. 



CORRESPONDENCE. 

[The following is an extract from private letter, 
eceiied some months since by the author of " Let- 
TEKS TO Mv Son at Rome, designed to embody 
"FiFTv Yeaes' Recollections of an Old Boos- 

SEUEB."] 

" Rome, , 1838. 

" I have passed over one more birthday from 
I the society of those I love so well, and who I am sure 
did not forget me on that occasion. Perhaps, how- 
eier, you will smile when I lei! you that I feit a de- 
light I cannot describe on hearing an organ play 
under my window on that day " St. Patrick's Day 
la the Morning ;" an iutereslmg coincidence to tne, 
u nothing but Italian and French airs bad I heard 
wwe I left home. 

" 1 regret that E. did not see the doings of the 
holy week here : tbc^ were of an imposing character. 
Ibe iUnmination of St. Peter's, and the two extensive 
tolonoades on each side of that magnitirent ediike, 
ndoung altogether an immense apace, was achieved 



by magic in half 
by means of brilliant Ian 
scribable. It almost tumei 
damliiig i 
ture which, for extent ai 
been equalled. ?rt 
ross of St, Peter's ' 
shall never forget it. M( 
employed at th 
received the sacrament b 
gerous an occupation. I 
time since, and was deligl 
and impressive beyond 

£ laces, almost femlliar lo 
ood, present themselves 
which I saw under the da; 
golden sunset. The view 
tern to the pavement was 
nerves, a person walking 
than a speck. 

" The benediction on 1 
Pope is another celebratec 
ness performs from a bali 
the whole of the troops b 
titude inconceivable Irom 
of pilgrims and peasant! 
costumes, foreigners of disi 
dresses, and equipages f 
and affording objects inni 
Pope spreads out his ha 
and he messes the whole 
day was particularly iavo 
grand ana imposing in th 
washed the feet of thin 
which were present the 
Miguel, and many olh 
those, the one who inlei 
Buonarotli, the lineal des 

sation. He still inhabit: 
great Michael did at Flo 
information as to the rei 
distinguished a 






inedii 



" Michael Angelo's r 
is perhap the most subl 
art. In Ihe holy week i1 
sung in the chapel by Ih 
wonderfully aflecting atyl 
were unaccompanied by a 
I can compare only to th 

"TheSisiine chapel is 
isanother world in itself,a 
I have been theqe sixteen 
have not half seen and s 
small portion of which is 
chapel are the originals i 
with the principal pan c 
yet discovered ; and it < 
which Ihe chief portions 
Angelo's &me rests. Ii 
study the curiosities of 
would require all my liir 

" The spring here is d( 
spring and autumn are ihi 
ginable. 1 dread the ItH 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



ilaecti in Italy in tbe summer, 

lany winter here, aud summer 
ng is now so aimple and easjr 
here talk of goinf[ to Egypt 
:e, as though the undertaking 
in to the country for a day or 
aaCheapside and Piccadilly 
-a-days, Ihey must do lome- 
h themselves. Imettbeother 
ouple, who had been almost 
he Arabs duiing a Ijcile jaunt 
' Jerusalem is also becoming 



ntes in gurgite vasto. 

ViBC. 

rkahle Eye. 

liable examples that migh 
ts or the imagination on ihi 
ing is extracted from Lavater' 



le time of her pregnancy, was 
, and only wanted the ace of 
astaked; andasithappened, 
ards, the so much niahed for 
■ joy at this success had such 
on, that the child of which she 
n bom, had the ace of spaikt 
if the eye, without injury to 
ivaleron theeffecU oflmagi- 
■m, Chup. ixviii. 
•ve the King 

• Duchess de 'a Memoirs 

our national anthem, respect- 
en much controversy, are of 
i; an account of the eatablish- 
hesa says — " When His Most 
!d the chapel, the whole choir 
: (bllowing words to a bean- 
ie Seur de Sully :— 
II, sauvei le royl 
a. sauTez le roy I 
E le roy I 
inglorieDx, 



lis sou mis I 

lent Salariti. 

I $ttin, with tet few gaiera, re 
SO/.pet night. Mrs. Siddons, 
loiy,'' received only 1000/. for 
lally, however, she received 
dan's salary, in her meridian, 
teas a week. John Kemble, 
r at Covent Garden, was paid 
Neill, itbi. per week. Lewis, 
^r. Edwin, one of the best 
! that ever trod the stage, only 
I. Henty Siddons, by ht the 
Tuliet within roemoiy of the 



NOTICE OP NEW BOOKS, &c. 

.^n Enguiry into the Cautet of Failure of Vaccina-, 

lion, ^. By Charles Severn, M.D. Masters. 
This is a most interesting and important Pamphlet, 
pointing out an obviously efficient remedy for the re- 
aad seriously alarming failures in 



In our walks about the metropolia, 'we are now 
often startled and shocked by the sorrowful sight of 
young faces fearfully marred and disfigured with the 
branded scars of that terrible acoi^rge to humanity. 
Small Pox ; and within these few years, we have 
stood by the grave of several, who, a* their mourning 

K rents bad vainly imagined, were fully exempted 
im this fatal disease, by apparently successful vai^- 

Dr. Sevam, the highly talented and very indus- 
trious author of the tract before us, su^ests, and as 
we think, fully and unquestionably proves, that the 
lymph of the Cow-pox having passed through a long 
series of many thousand human constitutions, at the 
present great distance of time since it was taken from 
Its original source by Jenner, has lost some of iti 
properties, acquired others, and become weakened in 
effect ; that lymph, procured immediately from the 
animal, or the use of that which is recent, can alone 
avert the calamity of Small-poi !^m raving 
amidst our population. After delay and trouUe, 
s succeeded in procuring lymph in its 
which he usfe with every promise and 



Dr. Severn hi 
pristine state, 
prospect of su 
Medical tui 
the suggestioi 
though SI " 



in general will do well to follow up 
contained in his pamphlet, which 
evidently the result of much labour 

and research, and does credit to the originality and 

learning of the writer. 



The Arcanum ; co/npriting a coneile Theory of 
Practicable, EUmentary, and Definitive Geome- 
try ; exhibiting the variout Jransiautationt of 
SuperficetandSolidt; obtainiag alto their acttit 
Capacity by the Mathematical Scale, inclading 
Sofutiom to the yet unaniwered Problemt of the 
Ancienti. By John Bennett, Engineer. Fart I. 
evo. Bennett, London. 
We have inserted the title of this work at length, 
because it indicates more fully the intentions of the 
author than otherwise we could lind room in which 
to specify them. The work is to consist of about 
sixteen parts, with upwards of six-hundred engra- 
vings. Fart I. is a promising specimen. 

Orieinal Maximifor the Young ; By the celebrated 
S. C. Lavater. Translated by the Daughter of a 
Clergyman. VVertheim. 
A VERY neat pretty little gilt-edged volume of seven- 
ty-two pages, just of a suitable siie for a young lady's 
reticule, and equally portable and desirable for a 
young gentleman. The " maxims" are unexceptton- 
ably good, and the translation is very neatly executed. 
We subjoin one, by way of specimen, On Reading. 
" Reading is necessary for every well-educated 
child, and for every child that is to be well-educated ; 
to exercise his understanding, to sharpen his attention 



r 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



lod to fix it, to entarge his knowle^, to form his 
taste, that it, bis perception of the b^utiful, to coo- 

firm him in good priociplea, to g;uard him against 
Banj follies, fanlts and vicen. With this object 
b <iew, read the best books, which wise and seosible 
penons advise thee ; read nith reflection and eiami- 
nauon, that is, ask thyself, " Do I understand what 
I lead V " Do I benefit by it V " Do I become 
■riser and better thereby V Read with ihe firm de- 
termination to make use of all that thou readest ; do 
not by reading, neglect a more immediate or more 
impoftanl duty : do not read with a view of making 
a display of thy reading ; do not read too much at a 
tinui and in too quick succession : reflect on what 
thou bast read, and join it to what thou already 
koowegt to be true : let thy reading be a nourishment 
of thy heart and soul, moderately enjoyed, and well 
digesied by reflection. — Prov. ii. 1,'5. 3 Tim. iii. IS. 

Tit Confeiiioni of Adalbert. By Francis There- 

! min, D.D,, Chaplain to His Majesty the King of 

Prussia, &c. Translated ftom the German by 

Samuel Jackson, Esq. Wertheim. 1838. 

Ihio a discussion of the merits of what may be 

teioKd " mystic diTinily," it is not within our pro- 

riiice to enter. The lit^e volume before us is evi- 

daitly the emanation of a truly pious mind ; and, to 

the cbts for which it is moie especially intended, it 

canoot prove otherwise than acceptable. The au- 

tbu's end and aim aie fiilly shown in the foUowiag 

hnes from his Pre^ce : 



iMDt and pn^ress of the 
the eiperience of an individual. In doing so, I have 
proceeded upon the conviction, that taith is not at- 
tained by the consideration of arguments for or 
agaiiut the Divine origin of Christianity; but that 
Biged by an inward feeling of necessity which cannot 
be repulsed, and guided by a gracious Providence, 
we apprehend and receive that which God has re- 
vealed and appointed for the salvation of mankind ; 
and that an insight into the nature of lailh is ob- 
ained oxAj through the possession of the iBller." 

Tie Feimv Mtehank ; and Ihe Chemut. Part 

XXV. Beiger. 
^n is the neatest, the cheapest, and the most prac- 
tically useful penny poiodical vrith which we are 



ipeak ; that is quite a minor co 
stage appobtments should be 
splendour to those of the same pie 
the Aeademit RoyaU at Paris, sn| 
noal grant of 32,000^. from Goveroi 
expected ; nor will any person in fa 
that Biaham, Allen, Stanshury, 
Misses Romer, Betts, and Poole, 
Donzelli, Rubiui, Tamburini, aitd 
Persiani, and Malibran ; yet, as a 



THE THEATRES, CONCERTS, &c. 

The great theatrical card of ihe week has been 
Bonn's magnificent production of Rossini's c/ief 
txmre, Guiltaume Tell, at Drury Lane, on Mon- 
day. Familiar as is most of the music of this line 
opera lo every amateur, as well as to every profes- 
■iooal performer, the entire work had never before 
hen brought forward on the English stage ; and the 
i^le in which it is dow presented reflects the highest 
nditDpoD the manager of this establishment. Of the 
IArttla,umiatedby Bono himself, itisunnecessaiy 



The cast was as follows; — Guillai 
Gesler, Giuhilel ; Rodolph, Slaosi 
Canton of Underwald, A. Gin! 
Canton of Schwytz, Duruset; Lt 
Matilda, Miss Romer ; Martha, 
exquisite overtute, with all its si 
Swiss simplicity, so unlike the gUl 
most of Itossini's other works, wa 
precision, a force, a brilliancy 01 
we had not given an English orcl 
audience were electrified. All thi 
sustained. The choruses too n 
and the scenery, with one or f 
high order of merit. The hoi 
evary pert, and the applause was 
deserves richly to be repaid, and 
will he repaid for his exertions. 
Van Amburgh and the lions. 

Whether it were in good tasle 
with sound judgment on the part 
I a question we are not called upi 
in the same evening;, Monday, £ 
listorical play of Wiliiam IrU 
very fine style at Covenl Gardi 
merits have been made in the dia 
of Rossini's choruses have been 
duced. As amatterofcouise, Ma 
the hero. If we mistake tiol. Will 
been a favourite part of his ; and < 
the warm and rich colouring of 
taineer with even more than his 
and pathos. Warde played Ceii 
ing and discrimination ; and Mrs. 
successful as Tell's wife, Emma. 

Covent Garden Theatre was cr 
extent "''h its rival of Drury La 
ence were not less warm and enth 

At tlie Olympic, on Monday, 
tilled The Quten'i Hone, a ft 
translation from Le Bratietu- de 
duced. Full of humour, incid 
equivoque, exhibiting the comic 
and Brougham, the plot is laid 
times of Prince Charles Edward, 
Highlanders w 



preparing lo mi 

Preston, and the whole Bor 

" most admired confusion." Th 

ofi' — a^i most of the performances 

oS — with very spirited effect. 

Rumour states that Mr. and 
expected in England bj the next 
Western, ihe air of America nott 
agree toilh Madame. — Power is i 
Great Weatetn, to fulfil his euga 
market. 



n 



80 



rttS ALDI1«E ttA&AZlNB. 



iii** 



At the Adelphi, the heroism of Grace Darlitig and 
her fiither, as lately evinced in a rescue from the 
wreck of a steam-boat, has been taken as the subject 
of a drama, entitled The Wreck of the Sea, or the 
Fern Light. It was played for the first time on 
Monday, and received with great applause. Mrs. 
Yates personated the heroine in her most efibctive 
style ; and Mrs. Keeley was vastly amusing as '' a 
lady's maid to a single gentleman/' The piece is of 
the melo-dramatic order, fnll of incident, and abound- 
ing with scenic effect. The rescue of the passengers 
from the sinking steam-vessel is a chef (fauvre in its 
way. 

The Bayaderes, having made their farewell curtsy 
at this theatre, are now to be seen, in the evening as 
well as in the day, at the Egyptian Hall. 



NECROLOGY. 



Mrs. Anne Grant, of Laggan, Author of ^'Letters 
from the Mountains/' &c. was born at Glasgow in 
the year 1756. She was the daughter of a British 
officer, of the name of Campbell ; and, when a child, 
she was carried to America by her father, who was in 
a regiment that was stationed for a considerable time 
amongst the Mohawks, in the back settlements. Mr. 
Campbell, on his return, in 1763, brought his wife 
and daughter with him. Ten years afterwards, he 
settled near Fort Augustus, in the Highlands ; and 
there, in 1 779, Miss Campbell was married to the 
ftev. Mr. Grant, of Laggan, by whom she had a 
numerous family. Mr. Grant died in 1803 ; and 
then, to procure the means of providing for her chil- 
dren, his widow assumed the pen of a ready writer. 
Her first publication was, in 1803, " The Highland- 
ers, and other. Poems," which reached a third edition. 
In 1808, appeared her <' Memoirs of an American 
Lady,'' in two volumes; and, almost immediately 
afterwards, her most popular production, "Letters 
from the Mountains,'* in three volumes, which reached 
either a fourth or a fifth edition. This work was 
followed, in 1811, by " Essays on the Superstition of 
the Highlands of Scotland," in two volumes ; in 1814, 
by " Eighteen Hundred and Thirteen, a Poem in two 
Parts;" and in 1815, by "Popular Models, and Im- 
pressive Warnings, for the Sons and Daughters of 
Industry," in two volumes. 

For several years, Mrs. Grant was a valued literary 
correspondent of ours, in a leading publication of its 
class: her communications, if not brilliant, were 
always sound and sensible. One of her accomplished 
and highly-gifted pupils was the lamented Mary 
Cameron, (afterwards Mrs. Nisbett,) of Banff. Mrs. 
Grant died at Edinburgh, in the early partof Noveniber. 

Joseph Lancaster, the introducerin this country,if not 
the inventor, of what has been termed the system of mu- 
tual instruction, by which thousands of the children of 
the poor have been educated, died at New York on the 
24th of October. He was bom about the year 1771 , 
was bred a Quaker, and long maintained the habits 
and manners of that persuasion. Failing in an ex- 
tensive school establishment, at Tooting, many years 
ago, he went over to America, where he had ever since 
remained. He was the author ot numerous works 
relating to and cpnoected with his art of teachings 



LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC 
SOCIETIES. 



BOYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY. 

On Saturday, Professor Wilson in the Chair, a re- 
ference was made, in a letter from M. Julien, of Paris^ 
to the extraordinary travels of a Chinese, from the 
years 1628 to 1649. This individual, in the course 
of his twenty years' travels, visited no fewer than 183 
principalities in India. The first communication 
read accompanied a manuscript grammar of the New 
Zealand language, compiled by the late Rev. Mr. 
Kendall, and containing several popular songs of that 
country. He traced it to a Malay origin. The pri- 
mary roots and the vowels were nearly the same as 
the English, and it was altogether of a purity rarely 
found in savage races. A letter was next reaud from 
Dr. Stephenson, of Bombay, relative to the divine 
worship of the Dekkans, on which General Briggs 
remarked that in the southern parts of India it was a 
customary form of worship to propitiate tigers, and 
snakes, and elephants, or other animals likely to des- 
troy life. In the same manner they propitiate small- 
pox, cholera, storms, and various diseases, particularly 
in the Dekkan, where Brahminical customs are not 
diffused so much as in India. A letter was read 
from Captain Christopher, being a vocabulary of the 
Maldivian language, the singularity of which is, that, 
though not derived from Arabic characters, it is from 
Arabic numerals, and has a considerable analogy with 
the Ceylonese language. The population of the 
islands is about 20,000, but they are much diminish- 
ing, although they are very averse to emigration ; and 
an instance was given where anative employed in Ben- 
gal in translating the New Testament v^as recalled. 
Dr. Royle made a communication on the growth of 
rice in England, for which so many attempts have 
been made through the agency of the different so- 
cieties. He proved, however, that the circumstances 
of the climate in this country were such as to render 
the attempt futile. 

£ktomolo0ical Socibty. 
On Monday a communication was read fix>m Mr. 
Westwood on the spongilla fluvialis, a disputed point 
amongst naturalists. He exhibited specimens of an 
insect, or its larva obtained from it. Mr. Gray. F.R.S., 
read a paper from Mr. A. White, on hemipterous 
insects found in different localities. Mr. Thwaites, of 
Bristol, exhibitied a new species of hymenopterous in- 
sect; and Mr. Bagster some singular molluscous 
animals found in a voyage to America, which pre- 
sented a curious appearance, being like common 
caterpillars. 

WESTBBK LITBAASY AND SCXBITTIFIO 

INSTITUTION. 

On Monday evening the anniversary meeting was 
held, J. C. Carpue, Esq., F.R.S., in the chair. The. 
report read by the secretary, was highly satisfactory. 
The library had been increased to nearly 10,000 
volumes, and an extensive museum was in the course 
of formation ; whilst classes had been formed for the 
study of lanoruages, of mathematics, and the natural 
sciences. Some repairs and other improvements 
were in contemplation, the probable cost of which 
was estimated at 1,000/., and in order to raise this 
nam, 500/. had been advanced by James Drummond/ 



TSE ALDtitB MA^A^ltlk 



Esq., and ten shares of the institntion vere proposed 
be apportioned at SOI. each. A donatioii of SOl. 
rthepatchaseof bocdESvasaimoaiKed ftom John 

nwaipsoo, Esq. 



BOIAL IMSTITDTX i 



AKCHITBCT8. 



The first meetiiig fot the present » 



■llnded to drcumstances which had transpired 
the last session. An attempt had beeo made to cqd- 
■oltdaie the societj nith another formed (or the pro- 
leculioo of simiiar objects, bnt without success. 
Since they had last met the professioo of architecture 
hid kist one of its most distinguished members, \a 
M. Passier, a foreign corresponding member. An 
inHaiice of the growing interest and importance 
attached to the institute was recently shown in the 
ease of the Tisit to this country of M. Zaret,a foreJen 
professor, who made it bis depository. Ihiring the 
tecess the council hare made arrangements for the de- 
liierj of lectures on acoustics and geology, two 
impDrtant objects cotutected with architecture, and 
whidi will soon be delivered. It is also intended to 
ilaige the benefits of the institute, by establishing af 
rw class, lo be called the student's class, for the in- 
nictioD of those who are not forward enough for as- 
lodates. Mr. Donaldson announced the listofpre- 
KDti received since the last session, and slated that 
the Noble President had communicated with the 
Hajah of Tanjore, to whom the institute is under 
many oblations, -to continue an intercourse which 
1i3s alreidj been beneficial. Twelve new members 
fKta the ArchitecEuial Society were also proposed. 
Mr. Barry exhibited various metals taken out of the 
dcarations for a sewer near the site of the new 
Houses of ParUament, a description of which was 
promised on an early occasion . Mr. Fowler read a 
paper on the art of glass painting, entering at leugth 
LQtD its antiquity, general divisions, classification, 
diSeient styl^ and proper employment. 

ABCHITKCTDBAL BOCIBTT. 

Od Tnesday evening an ordinary meeting was 1 
Mr.W. Tite, F.R.S,, President, in the chair, 
letter was read from Mr. Sims, on various use 
uphalte, which the writer did not however consider 
appUcable to ornamental structures, from the 
with which it was affected by heat from the sun, 
other caoses. A notice was given that the next sub- 
ject for a sketch was a desipi for 
railway stadon, without oliices. Mr. Phillips read 
an essay on some essential points connected 

tlractnre. His observations were principally 

fioed to the employment of iron, the history of which 
was briefly traced through its earliest applications tc 
its employment in the construction of building. Not- 
withstanding the contrary opinion given by the lead- 
ing architects after the fata) accident at the Btuns- 
"ick Theatre, it had been introduced with pleasing 
eSect into many public buildings, the value of which 
tould be testified by the roof of the fruit market at 
Corent Gardm, and of the fish market at Hunger- 
fed. White cast-iron vras proved beuer for con- 
itNclioD than grey, having a radiant crystalline ap- 
im^Ke, although the latter is used in the &brication 
ofuUUery. Hecent failures on the Birmingham Rail- 
**f bare taught the necessity of paying more atUe- 



to the subject of iron, which i 
stood by architects. 

UKHBAH SOCIBT 

The ordinary meeting was held 
ing, £. Foster, Esq., V.P., in the t 
were exhibited of a new species o 

&om the common willow herb, a pi 
dantly in Britain, and becoming of 
agriculturists ; these specimens 
^ teitufe than the ordinaiy col 
and more easily wrought. A paj 
John Quebrett, Esq., of Barthol 
contmning the results of his physii 
on the ergot of rye. Itis poison 
author proved lo be, not a fungus, 
bid condition of the stigma of thi 
which, gradually infecting other or| 
appearance of a mass of sporoles ; 
that twenty millions of them wer« 
every square inch. 

GEOLOOIC&Ii socu 
On Wednesday evening a genetal 
Dr. Filton, F.R.S., in the chair. ' 
a communication &om the Connc 
History Society of Liverpool, desci 
peaiances presented by the sandsto 
gillaceous quarries near Mostyn, N 
ly, the imprints of what were sopp 
of an animal hitherto unknown, i 
bling those of man. They were 
grade; the palmar portions were 
and the phalanges, as welt as t 
folds, distinctly visible. These 
each of them about five feet in lent 
similar to some discoveted in Sa 
ago, and, in the opinion of the aut 
probably belonged to the Saurian c 
feet of which approximate nearer 
cies than any oilier creature knon 
Tliese statements elicited an intere' 
in which Professor Bucktand an( 
Yates took part ; and a paper was 
Sir Philip Egerton, Bart. M.P., ■ 
the Cherotheriura, found in Stou 
James Alesander, the African travi 

ABTIBTb' AUATBtTB CONTB 

On Wednesday evening the arli 
teurs held their first season conversi 
masons' Tavern. Messrs. Hodgso) 
the only publishers present. Thi 
were few, but in one or two cas< 
merit. A clever picture, by Allen 
and his Cat," occupied the centre 
room, and was much admired : we 
back in the exhibition of the Ro 
gem in the way of line engraving 
from the burin of Hobeit Gravi 
from George Harvey's picture of 
the Shallow Justice, taken up for c 

As a whole, the picture is a verj 
and the engraving is exquisite. ^ 
its finish or artistical elfet, its rici: 
nious blending of tints. It is a prl 
longing to the Scottish Associalio 
for it exclusively, monopolisiog th< 
only lix imptesskuiii before lelte 



THE ALDINB MAGAZINE. 



I drewJDgt were in Ihe 
linting by Cooper. The 
thogiaphs, after bis de- 
were most beautiful lub- 
iniwn iDto naluial land- 
I by Boutiaigtr are war- 
eat) a ponnit of Mvibal 
ting belween Soult aod 
ketch (though «n exceed- 
) the efiect of contrast is 
ian ink and white chaU 
inch of the cSecE of that 
iscovered in the words 
' A praol meuolint of 
nten at Drumclog" will 

notice when published. 
Gainsborough was well 
!e. Mr. John Wood had 
berts, the daughter of Sir 

a fine, inlelligent, and 
>, whose likeness, if we 
ear's " Book of Beauty.'' 
the Royal AcadetDJciao, 
I his Nautical Sketches. 

ICIBTT. 

e resumed on Thursday 
t, J. W. Lubbock, Esq. 
. Theamounlof Funds 

1 to be 1,463J. ; and the 
nere announced as having 
]als to Professors Forbes 
arches on the nature of 
■xides and chlorides used 
iley medals to Professors 
■din, for iheii discoTeries 
agnetism. A paper was 
he e'eclric power of the 
:cl being to show that that 
Iter degree than Ihe tor- 
f of animal life is entirely 
lence. lie also entered 
the proper mode of coo- 
I tropicil countries into 
; it, or injuring its health ; 
t easily M done by kecp- 
le vessel which was least 
'haimian announced that 
t of the society, Ihe Mar- 
led to hold four MoirUi in 
.pril next. 

80CIB1T. 

for the year Was held on 
I, Esq., V.P., in ihe chair, 
JWB and four Conespond- 
The report of the coun- 
NaveinheTas38e2.4i.M., 
iture 833f. *i. Id., and a 
the accounts for the whole 
led 13,616/. 10>. ed.,a.Di 



iving ai 



<s of ii 



The ordinary meet)ii( 
ing, Hudsoa Gunwy, 
Several curious objec 
which wai a portnit i 
Capon ; a ring', found i 
campment at Bedford ; 
found in Ireland, amm 
mens of what ii consi 

Becker, from Mr. HawKini ; ana a aecnpaon ws 
also given of an accompanyiug bronie sacriGcitd nn, 
fiom Mr. G. Johnson, analogous to several fouitd ii 
Italy, and contained in the Townley collectiOQ of the , 
British MuKum. A communication was read froa : 
Sir Thomas Phillips, contain ins a memoir of the sin- 
gular adventures of Sir Peter Carew, a geaUeman of I 
high repuiation at Mahon Si. Oueiy, in Deronshire, 
who was engai^ in several important foreign servica I 
for Henry VIII., and who died at Ross, in Irelud, | 
in 1575. : 

WORKS IN THE PRESS. | 

We have seen a beautiful ipecimen, KabelUahineMi 
as well as leiter-preis, of" A ToBoermtMeal Hitton . 
of the County of Sumy." 
by John Brilton, F.SA. ft 
Kiven " A Memoir on the G 
by Dr. Mantell. Such a 
wanted, could not be in beltc 



TO SUBSCRIBERS & O 
For the sake of variety, a 

curious article on the " Wai 
the second portion of "The 
is postponed (ill our next. 

The second communlcatio 

Thanks to our old frieno, n.K^.u. ne may « i 
assured that we shall be very glad to hear from him. | 

The paper of Crito is under consi ' 



BOOKS JUST PUBLI; 

TriTelt In Town. Br the inibor of lUni 
ke. a voll.p«t8Tn..I1m.hau'di Pie-FIHi 
It J' ^- Conpvr, : 

(ammer'Buriblii 






ID In PnUod. v 



'^ikble 
iree per Cent. Consols of 
!T Bills 309^. fli., and cash 
jatotalof!2,122i.7i.2d., 
ouni due for rent, unpaid 
asesofthe present month 
of Tisilois to the museum 
m whom 1/. 181. was re- 



...UTrobe'. 



In Latin, lime 
>th..Barke'iiL 
tntley'i Hlao 



The LadlM- Knlttiae n 

t>. «il. clnth.. Lintsint'i HiRor; of Enirluu 
. C«v«r't Suisicil DtctiauTT, new «ditlo 
don'i Chut of Bn^li wd Bcottldi HIM 
Ttia ntKHit Rome and Uodem Italf. wgoi 



liitsn, n, lUdowUe Street PnUlitaed ererr Satnrdar M ae jUdlnt Cb 

ItoWfbr wiUlan nast, ■ml soU br alt BookstUan ibA MvmvaBdtn. 



r 



THE 



ALDINE MAGAZINE 



OF 



Biograpftp, Bibliograpl&p, Crititfem, antr tftt artsf* 



Vol. I. No. 3. 



DECEMBER 15, 1838. 



Price 3rf. 



For the Accommodation of Subscribers in tbe Country, and Abroad, the Weekly Numbers of The Aldine Mtigazine are 
re-issued in Monthly Parts, and forwuded with the other Magazines.— -Orders received by all Booksellers, Newsvenders, &c. 



THE CREDIT SYSTEM. 



"Can these things be credited.*' — ^Tom Jones; 



Ik a civilized country it is most extraordinary 
to find pursued that which is absolutely inju- 
rious to every one. 

Debt is the curse of our country ; and, al- 
though this has often been made apparent to 
the weakest capacity, it is stilt practised by all 
sorts of people ! 

It is unjust in its operation, as it wrongs 
those, who, seeing its evil, refrain from accept- 
ing its baneful provisions. 

He that receives credit pays a certain price 
for the goods he purchases, which price in- 
cludes the intrinsic value of the article, and a 
remuneration for the accommodation of credit ; 
and then it becomes, a question whether he who 
payfrcfiwA for what he procures does notpayfor 
the credit that his tradesman receives from 
whom he buys, and for the bad debts produced 
by credit, which grace his tradesman's books. 

It is a most extraordinary thing, that when 
a tradesman finds, after having given, what 
might be considered, an unlimited credit, that 
bis customer is sous less ; he makes him buy 
and buy on, pounds* worth of goods, in spite of 
tbe certainly that no money can reasonably be 
expected. 

To trace the progress of a young mah*s 
journey through a tradesman's books, and so 
on, to a debtor's prison, is a task painfully in-, 
teresting. The grasping creditor, whom com- 
petition has rendered heedless, tempts the un- 
wary, at first, to exceed the bounds of pru- 
dence ; ere long the truth becomes palpable. — 
No money is forthcoming, and the debtor can 
save himself from instant incarceration only by 
plunging still further into debt. But this will 
not last long : the Queen's Bench is sought for 
as an asvlum from vindictive creditors, and the 
nian who is confined within its w^alls lives but 
to curse the folly of his inexperience and exe- 
crate the system of credit that has thus placed 
bhn out of the world. 

Not only has lie found himself obliged to 



take goods he did not want, but he has been 
obliged to pay thrice as much as he would have 
done but for ' credit.' 

The man who buys with money in his hand 
finds the evil of credit. He purchases for 
' cash' what has been produced on ' credit.' 

The cloth that makes his coat is received 
from Yorkshire on credit, and is sold by a clo- 
thier to his tailor on credit : the wine that 
blesses his convivial hours has suflfered by 
credit, the bed that receives him after the 
pleasures of the day has * grown by credit,' 
and the last tick of the clock ere sleep shuts 
out the realities of life, reminds him of credit : 
such a man pays for an accommodation that 
serves him nothing. 

Credit then injures every one ; it ruins those 
who accept it, and cheats those who do not. 

Every man is capable of doing the ' state 
some service,' and should not fall back into 
apathy when justice cries aloud for aid. The 
system is wrong in theory and unjust in prac- 
tice ; it has nothing to recommend it but the 
thought that because we have delay, the trans- 
action is blotted out, or that we shall find some 
more convenient season to send for our bills ! 

J. H. P. P. 



LETTERS TO MY SON AT ROME. 



VOL. I. NO. III. 



LETTER III. 
NOTICE OF THE RIVINGTON FAMILY. 

Aldine Chambers j Paternoster Row, 
London, Dec. 8, 1838. 

My dear Son, 

On reconsideration, I find it will be 
desirable to give you, at once, my proposed 
Notice of the Rivington Family, Instead, there- 
fore, of adverting, in the present instance, to 
the more ancient booksellers, printers, &c. I 
will close my little account of poor Annesley 
Colet, and then immediately proceed with the 
Messrs. Rivington. 

D 



Loudon : Printed by J. Mastses, 33, Aldengate Street. 



34 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



I told you that in some of Colet's youtliful 
adventures I had myself borne a part. Colet 
resided and slept in the same room with me, 
at Thomas Evans's, 3% Paternoster Row, in 
the years 1786 and 1787 ; at which period he 

was desperately in love with Miss F , the 

daughter of a respectable and wealthy shop- 
keeper at the comer of Salisbury Court, in 
Fleet Street. There I had been in the habit of 
dropping Colet's billet-doux, through a ventila- 
tor in the window in the court, and passing on ; 
not aware that Colet had been forbidden the 
house. Mr. F. and the whole of his family 
were followers of the Rev. John Wesley ; and 
as Colet also attended his uncle's chapel, he 
was determined on having an interview and con- 
versation with his fair one, who was a very 
beautiful girl. To accompHsh this exploit, he 
begged and entreated of me, (as I really had a 
great esteem for him) to aid and assist in at- 
Jtiring him in an elegant, but neat female habit, 
of half Quaker, half Methodist appearance. 
This we had no sooner effected than he sallied 
forth, on a Sunday morning, from Paternoster 
Row, to his Uncle's chapel in the City Road, 
for the purpose of meeting his Dulcinea. He 
did meet her, had a conversation with his 
adored, and returned to me in extacy and 
triumph. I, a boy, and nothing loth, and not 
regarding the consequences, enjoyed his victory 
almost as much as he did himself. It was, 
alas ! of short duration. One night having 
tapped at the window at rather a late hour, he 
was discovered by the lady's father and brother. 
He made a sudden and rapid retreat, and re- 
turned home to what we boys termed our 
barrack-room, in apparent safety. However, 
he was almost as rapidly pursued by Mr. F., 
his son, and some watchmen with their rattles, 
who chased him nearly to our domicile — roused 
Mr. Evans from the arms of Morpheus — and 
all was dismay and confusion. Poor Colet, 
the culprit, was compelled to descend from the 
attic region, and from the flights of fancy and 
fairy dreams, into the dull reahties of life. The 
drawing room became the new scene of action. 
The seniors, naturally exasperated — and the 
juniors, still more decided — a challenge ensued, 
but the intended meeting was prevented. Co- 
let, to my great mortification (for we had 
worked, and written, and executed orders early 
and late together) was discharged, I am cer- 
tain with regret, by Evans. However, he im- 
mediately found an asylum under the roof of 
Mr. Marshall, a book and print seller, in Alder- 
mary Church Yard, for whom he wrote several 
popular juvenile works, and subsequently as- 
sisted the elder Evans, in Long Lane, in the 
arrangement and formation of some branches 



of his business. Suddenly he disappeared, 
having, it was imagined, committed suicide by 
throwing himself into the Thames. When 
last seen, he was wandering on the bank of that 
river, after having written a violent pamphlet 
respecting the life of his Uncle and his Bio- 
graphers. He had been educated at his Uncle's 
school, at Kingswood, near Bristol, and was a 
young man of considerable talent as well as of 
eccentricity, and I regretted him very much. 

Upwards of ten years elapsed, and no tidings 
of him, when one morning, walking through 
Newgate Street, I met Colet ! — I started back 
with amazement^. — He laughed heartily — I 
invited him home to dinner, at No. 40, in "the 
•Row." He related his adventures and dis- 
appointments ; informed me that he had spent 
a pleasant time during the troubles in the North 
of Ireland. He had been a soldier, an accoun- 
tant, and a forage master in an Irish Regiment 
of Horse ; but was now ready to return to 
business. I had some heavy American orders, 
and one from the East Indies to execute at the 
time. I asked if he had any objection to assist 
me. He said none whatever. He dined with 
me, (and would that he had continued to do so, 
perhaps I should have avoided many rocks, shoals, 
and quicksands ;) but I spared him for a few 
days to assist an old friend Mr. John Gum- 
ming, bookseller, in Holbom, (now a banker 
in Naples,) where, from over exertion or some 
other cause, he was taken iU while going in 
a Hackney coach to see a friend, was obliged 
to return — and expired immediately. He was 
buried at St. Andrew's, in Holbom. 

Thus ended the career of poor John Annesley 
Colet. 

THE BIVINGTONS. 

Now, then, allow me to introduce this res- 
pectable firm, which I believe, stands the first 
in chronological order; for it appears that 
Charles Rivington the elder, not oidy first sug- 
gested (in conjunction with the celebrated Tom 
Osborne) the pubHcation of Pamela, to Rich- 
ardson, (who left the bequest of a ring to the 
late John Rivington,) in the year 1725, but 
also, at so early a period as 1718, issued pro- 
posals for printing by subscription " Mason's 
Vindication of the Church of England and the 
Ministry thereof" — ^This principle the family 
have steadily adhered to, to the present hour. 

Among other booksellers concerned in the 
above mentioned work, appears the name of 
Gosling, predecessor of the Goslings, Bankers ; 
a firm that has for upwards of a century main- 
tained the highest character, and always been 
a favourite house of many of the most respec- 
table booksellers, as well as Bankers to the 
Stationers' Company. 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



35 



. On this plea, in confonnity with my original 
compact, allow me to msike a digression. 
Robert Gosling, the father of Sir Francis Gos- 
ling, Knt., and grandfather to the piesent 
worthy Banker, was, we find from the Evening 
Post of 1721, a bookseller, at the Middle Tem- 
ple Gate, about that period. His son subse- 
quently carried on the business in the same 
house. In Browne Willis's Manuscript, in 
his own Copy of his "Welsh Cathedrals," 
in 1727, 1730, and 1733, is the following 
coiious note : — 

"The title-page, dated 1742, is a bookseller's trick, 
to give a new title to an old book, in order to get 
rid of unsold copies. The Surveys were printed for 
R. Gosling, at the Middle Temple Gate, in Fleet 
Street, in 1727. * My bookseller, Mr. Francis Gos- 
lii)gy(Dow anno. 1757, a banker,) having left off that 
trade, he sold the copies of my Cathedrals to Mr. 
Osborne, who, to dispose of them, very knavishly 
advertised that I had given the histories of all the 
twenty-six Cathedrals. On which account, in my 
own findication, I printed the unwritten advertise* 
ment, in the London Evening Post, March, 6-8, 
1743 : ' Whereas it hath been lately advertised in 
several public papers, and particularly at the end of 
the proposals for printing by subscription the two 
first volumes of Bibliotheca Harleiana, that there is 
now republished, in three volumes, 4to. * a Survey of 
the Cathedrals of Durham, &c., by Browne Willis, 
£aq. :' this is to inform the public that the said 
Browne Willis has not published any account of the 
Members, or given any description,history, or draughts 
whatsoever of these following Cathedrals ; viz. Can- 
terbury, Norwich, Salisbury, Wells, and Exeter; 
and that what he has published in relation to the 
History of the Four Welsh Cathedrals; viz. St. 
David's, LandafiT, Bangor, and St. Asaph, is in four 
separate 8vo. volumes, printed about twenty years 



fn 



I return to the Rivingtons. The " Defence 
of the Church and its Ministry/' is the first 
publication that I can trace as bearing their 
name, It is true, it appears prefixed to Wells's 
Ancient and Modern Geography, 4th edition, 
pubHshed in 1726 ; the first edition, appeared 
in 1701; the second, in 1706; of the third 
edition, I have no date to go by. It is, how- 
ever, very probable that it might have been 
annexed previously to the edition of 1726 ; for 
the name of Rivington appears to some shop- 
bill-heads so early as 1710. About 1719, I 
find that an association of respectable book- 
sellers entered into an especial partnership for 
the purpose of printing some expensive books, 
and styled themselves " The printing Conger.*^ 
They consisted of about half-a-dozen eminent 
booksellers of that day ; and about the year 
1736, a second partnerehip was formed by 
Messrs. Bettes worth and Rivington, who called 
themselves " The new Conger.''* 



• The term Conger was supposed to have been at 
fint applied to them individually^ alluding to the 



It is somewhat curious, that after the lapse 
of nearly a century, a similar Association of 
Booksellers took place, (about forty years ago). 
They termed themselves the " Associated Book- 
sellers ;" and consisted of the following per- 
sons : — Thomas Hood, (father of Odd Whim 
Hood, of punning notoriety,) John Cuthell, 
James Nunn, J. Lea, Lackington, Allen and 
Co., and others. The vignette which orna- 
mented Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, 
Butleb's Hudibras, Zimmerman, on Solitude, 
and other popular works (of which they printed 
elegant editions) was a Bee-hive, with the in- 
scription " Associated,*' This association of 
industrious bees, broke up with the death of, I 
believe, all the parties within my recollection. 
But more of this, and anecdotes of the indivi- 
duals concerned, in their proper places. 

Resuming my original subject, and following 
the progress of the elder Charles Rivington, 
we find him, in 1730, associated with the most 
respectable body of the Booksellers of that 
period ; among a dozen of whom we observe 
for the first time, the name of Mr. T. Long- 
man, of Paternoster Row, uncle of the late 
worthy Thomas Longman, and great uncle of 
the present Thomas Norton^ Longman, Esq. 
They were all concerned in publishing by 
subscription an edition of *' Thuank Historic 
arum,'* in 7 volumes, folio, price Nine Gui- 
neas. In my Bibliographical Notices, I was 
somewhat at a loss in deciding whether the 
name of Rivington or Longman should appear 
first, as they started so nearly together ; but I 
have not met with Mr. Longman's name until 
1730, as above, and again as prefixed to Hobs- 
ley's Britannia Romana, folio, 1734. I have, 
therefore, given the precedence to the former. 
However, Longman's name appears to the first 
edition of Shelvock's Voyages, at the sign of 
the Ship and Swan, in Paternoster Row. In 
tracing the annals of the Bowyer Press, I find 
that *' Wotton's short review of George Hicks's 
Grammatical, Critical, and Arch(Bological Trea- 
sttry of the Ancient Northern Languages," second 
edition, was printed in 1737, in a large quarto 
volume, with Longman's name; but the first 
edition was printed with the name of Mr, 
Charles Rivington only, in 1718. 

In 1736. Mr. Charles Rivington, after some 
dissensions had taken place, became an active 
memberof asocietyfor promoting the encourage- ^ 
ment of learning ; but it appears that his and 
his colleagues' interest was much injured, and 
that the avowed purposes of the society were 
frustrated. This was in the year 1737, which 
appears to have nearly closed the bookselling 



Conger Eel, which is said to swallow the sroalle 
fry^ or it may have been taken from Congeries. 



36 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



career of the senior of this respectable family ; 
for he died on the 25th of February, 1742. 

Next in succession was John Rivington, Esq. 
He was a stout well formed man, particularly neat 
in his person, and of a gentlemanly and dignified 
address. Often have I seen him in his cocked 
hat, full bottomed wig, with his gold headed 
cane, and a nice nose-gay in his coat, making 
his way into St. Paul's Church, which he re- 
gularly attended twice a day (at 10 and 3). 
On one occasion, after his trip from his country 
house at Islington, and after attending divine 
service at St. Paul's, on the 30th of January, 
on returning to the shop were his sons Francis 
and Charles were busily engaged at the desk ; 
" What !" he exclaimed, " Sons, how is this ? 
I always put up my shutters on this day." He 
was a most amiable and excellent man. 

The venerable John Nichols gives the fol- 
lowing interesting account of him and his 
family : — 

" John Rivington, Esq., was a bookseller of con- 
siderable eminence in St. Paul's Churchyard, where 
he carried on his business, universally esteemed, for 
more than half a century, and enjoyed the special 
patronage of the clergy, particularly those of the 
higher order. He was many years bookseller to the 
Society for promoting Christian Knowledge ; a go- 
vernor of most of the royal hospitals ; a member of 
the Court of Lieutenancy, and of the Common Coun- 
cil ; a director of the Amicable Society in Serjeants' 
Inn, and of the Union Fire Office ; and an ancient 
member of the Company of Stationers, of which he 
was master in 1775, and where at one period he had 
two brothers* and four sous, liverymen. He died 
Feb. 16, 1792, in his seventy-third year; and his 
widow on the 21st of October following. One of his 
sons, Mr. John Rivington, a printer, in St. John's 
Square, died June 28, 1785. Another son, Robert, 
captain of the Kent East Indiaman, met with a glo- 
rious death in October, 1800, in bravely defending 
his ship against the attack of a French frigate. La 
CoTifiance, of far superior force : he was a young man 
of great merit and conspicuous talents ; and it was 
his first voyage as captain .f Henry, the youngest 



* " Of these James, who was the eldest brother, was 
a bookseller, and for some years in partnership with 
Mr. Fletcher in St. Paul's Churchyard. He after- 
wards settled at New York, where, for a considerable 
time before the American revolution he held the office 
of king's printer. He died there in December, 1 802, 
being at that time the oldest liveryman of the Com- 
pany of Stationers. The youngest brother, Mr. 
Charles Rivington, carried on an extensive business 
as a printer for thirty-two years in Staining Lane, in 
a noble house, which had formerly been the residence 
of a lord mayor. He was also a member of the 
common council, and died June 22, 1790. His only 
daughter was married, Oct. 16, 1790, to the Rev. 
James Stovin, rector of Rossington, county of York." 

-f ** 1 received a similar account in a letter from 
my brother from Trichinopoly, (200 miles sooth of 



son, a respecjtable solicitor, was clerk to the Com- 
pany of Stationers. He died in 1829, and viras sac- 
ceeded by his nephew, Mr. Charles Rivington. 

** The business of the father is carried on with great 
diligence and augmented reputation by two of his 
sons and a grandson, under the firm of Francis, 
Charles f and John Rivington,*^ 

r 

From the above period the business has been 
carried on in its various branches in the whole- 
sale and retail and publishing departments ; 
and as their united families increased, they 
made an important arrangement by opening a 
noble establishment in Waterloo Place, Pall 
Mall, where they conduct an extensive trade 
with the heads of the clergy, nobility, Slc, in 
rehgious, classical, and other works of the first 
character. In a voluminous catalogue of books 
of their own publishing, we find enumerated 
the works of Burke, Kett, Nares, Beloe, &c., 
besides an endless variety of others. They 
also hold shares in valuable works in divinity, 
history, classical, and what are termed " stock 

BOOKS." 

I cannot here omit naming one great work 
which the Messrs. Rivington brought forward 
just before the expiration of my apprenticeship 
with Evans. I allude to the " British Critic,'* 
which commenced in perilous times in the year 
1791, (about the period of the Birmingham 
Riots, quickly succeeded by the French Revo- 
lution,) when religious and political feelings 
were in a highly feverish state. 

The learned Dr. Nares, the favourite pupil 
of Dr. Parr, and Mr, Beloe, one of the libra- 
rians of the British Museum, became joint pro- 
prietors. 

This review, ably as it was conducted, had 
much to contend with, amidst an immense pa- 
tronage. All the ability and talent of the Old 
Monthly Review, which had marked its pro- 
gress for fifty years, was stiU afloat ; and all 

Madras,) dated Nov. 17,1801, he says— < The Kent 
Indiaman, Captain Rivington, was taken in the Bay 
of Bengal. Captain Rivington defended his ship 
with gallantry, but unfortunately fell in the action.' 
The following poem was written on the occasion : 

* If active spirit tempt thee e*er to roam. 
And quit thy native for a foreign home, 
Remember well that, distant though you move, 
No space from friendship shall divide our love. 
Lo ! Robert, nurtured from his early youth 
To glow with virtue, and to feel with truth, 
In ripening age matnr'd his just disdain 
Of all that cringing Flatt'rytaught to feign. 
His manly virtues mark'd their genuine source, 
And naval toil confirm'd their native force. 
In Fortune's adverse trial undismayed, 
A seaman's zeal and courage he display'd ; 
For honour firmly stood at honour's post, 
And gained new glory when his life he lost.' " 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



37 



the tact and talent of the editor and contri- 
butors, as well as all the influence and popu- 
larity of the proprietors and publishers (Hamil- 
Hons, Robinsons, Johnsons, &c.) of the Critical 
and Analytical Reviews, was in the field against 
i them, AU these being opposed to them in prin- 
I ciple, rendered the * British Critic' a very ardu- 
ous undertaking. The * Analytical Review,' 
too, preceded the * British Critic' by three 
years, having commenced on the 1st of May, 
1788, (the year of my first marriage.) It was 
ably conducted by Mr. Christie, its principal 
* editor, and other contributors (friends of Mr. 
Jos. Johnson, one of the most celebrated book- 
' sellers of the day,) among whom were Drs. 
I Aikin, Simmons, Dickson, and others. Dick- 
! son, however, declared off, and conducted, in 
I conjunction with Mr. Wakefield, the * literary 
' Review,' which I published during the years 
1794 and 1795. 

Mr. Nichols remarks, that the part which 
Mr. Beloe took in the ' British Critic,' and the 
dangerous and difiicult times in which it was 
conducted, are things sufSlciently known. The 
editorship was entrusted to the sagacity, learn- 
ing, and acuteness of Mr. Nares, with whom 
Mr. Beloe conducted this work to the end of 
the forty-second volume. Dr. Parr, and Mr. 
Whitaker, author of the ' History of Manches- 
ter,* largely contributed to it. The * British 
Critic' stood alone as to its religious and poli- 
tical feeling until the 1st of July, 1798, when 
the Antijacobin Examiner (to which the illus- 
trious George Canning mainly contributed) 
started into notice. This publication originated 
in the determination of George Canning and 
other literary men of consequence and station 
to establish a paper for the purpose of exposing 
to ridicule the political agitators of that period. 
Dr. Grant, well known as a writer in the re- 
views and other periodicals, was the first per- 
son chosen to be the editor ; but upon his' de- 
clining the ofiice, William Gifford accepted the 
ntuation. Teeming with first-rate political in- 
formation — brilliant in wit and talent — caustic 
and powerful in argument— *the Antijacobin Ex- 
(Bniner was the most efiicient ministerial organ 
of the day. It was, in fact, the brightest star 
of our hemisphere. It soon acquired an exten- 
sive circulation ; but, unfortunately, its leading 
contributors were men who wrote only for their 
UQusement, and who, in consequence, could 
not descend to the drudgery of periodical com- 
position. The result was the discontinuance 
of the paper. 

In some measure to supply its place, a 
monthly publication was conmienced — The An- 
^yoco^ Review and Magazine. This also 
^^ for several years a most formidable engine 



in the cause of the Pitt administration. Its 
editor was John Gifford, Esq., author of The 
Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, in 
three quarto volumes, and for a long time one 
of the ablest and most active magistrates of the 
police. It is not too much to say of Mr. Gif- 
ford, that he was the first political writer of the 
age. Educated for the law, he had deeply 
studied the English constitution. His literary 
style was in perfect accordance with liis mind 
and character— correct, clear, firm, bold, ener- 
getic, almost gigantic in power. 

He had, I believe, a slight pension from 
Government, but very inadequate to his desert. 
Mr. Grifford died about the year 1818, at the 
age of sixty-three. He left an amiable wife, 
with a family of several children. Subsequently 
to his decease, Mrs. Gifford formed an estab- 
lishment for the education of young ladies at 
Parson's Green, Fulham. 

Amongst Mr. Gifford's very able coadjutors 
in the conduct of The Antijacobin Review. 
should be mentioned the Rev. John Whitaker, 
author of the unanswered and imanswerable 
Vindication of Mary Queen of Scots, and other 
celebrated and valuable works ; John Reeves, 
Esq., a distinguished Hebraist, afterwards the 
king's printer ; and a host of others. Its editor, 
after the decease of Mr. GKfford, was,! believe, 
the Rev. W. , rector of , in Essex. 

In the Early days of The Antijacobin Review, 
the work was illustrated by large folding plates, 
drawn and etched in a most admirable style by 
Gilray, the first caricaturist of his time. No- 
thing indeed had been seen, from the paintings 
of Hogarth downwards, to equal the produc- 
tion^ of Gilray ; nor, exquisite as are the 
sketches of HB., has any rival of his fame ap- 
peared. 

In concluding my account of the Messrs. Ri- 
vington, I find that Mr. Francis Rivington died 
in 1822, leaving three sons — John, Charles, 
and Henry, and three daughters. 

Mr. Charles Rivington died, in 1831, leav- 
ing five sons — Robert, (since dead,) George, 
Francis, Charles, and Henry, and four daugh- 
ters. 

The present firm stands thus — John, Fran- 
cis, and George Rivington. 

'llius have I known this family for four 
generations, and have only to remark that 
the present race are " progressing" in the same 
course with their distinguished ancestors. 

Yours, my dear Son, 
Ever affectionately. 

An Old Booksblleb. 



38 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



MEN, WOMEN, AND EVENTS OF 
THE WEEK BEFORE US. 



Michaelmas Term. — Short Days. — Festival and Mar- 
tyrdom of St. Thomas. — A Week of Six Days. — 
Pennant the Antiquary. — Sir William Petty. — 
John Seiden. — Characteristic Sketches of Oliver 
Cromwell. — A Christmas Moon. — Murphy and 
the Holiday Weather. — Lord Stanhope, the Print- 
ing Press, and other Inventions. — Coronation and 
Portrait of Henry II. — Sir Humphry Davy. — Dr. 
Faraday. — Presidency of the Royal Society. — ^The 
Founder of Guy's Hospital. — ^Tycho Brah^. — Bow- 
yer the Printer. — ^The Duke of Sully. — Gray the 
Poet. — ^The Mother of the Nights. 

To some of our readers — not lawyers, for 
they always take care of themselves — it may 
import much to know, that Michaelmas Term 
ends this day, the 1 5th of December. 

The days are now rapidly approaching the 
shortest ; consequently, the weeks also are 
short, so far at least as daylight is concerned. 
By the time of our next publication we shall 
have passed what is nominally the shortest day 
—the 21 st — the festival of St. Thomas k Didy- 
mus, or the Twin. It is, we believe, perfectly 
well authenticated that St. Thomas preached 
the Gospel to the Medes, Persians, Hyrcanians, 
Bactrians, Ethiopians, and Indians, amongst 
the last of whom he suffered martyrdom at 
Meliapour, where he was pierced through the 
body with a lance in the year 73, and was bu- 
ried in the church which he had caused to be 
erected in that city. Thus, in all pictorial re- 
presentations St. Thomas is shown with a lance, 
in remembrance of the mode in which his life 
and suflFerings were terminated. It is further 
upon record that, when Marco Polo was trkvel- 
ling in India in 1269, he was informed that 
the body of St. Thomas was deposited in Me- 
li&pour; that his actual remains were found 
there in 1517; and that in 1 522 his bones, and 
the lance with which he had been pierced, were 
removed to Goa by the Portuguese. 

This is indeed a short week with us ; as, 
having inadvertently allotted eight days to the 
week, (the Aldine Maoazike week,) com- 
mencing on the 8th of December, we have only 
six days left for appropriating to the week, 
commencing on the 15th. We have, in con- 
sequence, proportionately the fewer " Men, 
Women, Events, &c.," just now to dispose of. 

To-morrow, the 16th, Thomas Pennant, the 
naturalist and antiquary, will have been dead 
forty years. To the laborious industry of this 
gentleman, in his various works, the public 
were much indebted. Pennant was bom at 
Downing, the family seat in Flintshire, in 
1726. 

Sir William Petty, ancestor, in the female 



line ,of the present Marquis of Lansdowne, 
and founder of the Lansdowne family, will 
have rested with his fathers 151 years to-mor- 
row. • 

" Sir William Petty was an extraordinary man-— 
extraordinary in his literary and philosophical attain- 
ments, and also in the acquisition of wealth. 'It is 
one of the glories of this country that even the hum- 
blest of its sons is not prohibited from the first station 
of society ; and the rise of Sir William Petty is one 
of the ten thousand instances upon record, which il- 
lustrate the superiority of England in that respect 
over every other country in the world. He was the 
son of Anthony Petty, a clothier, of Hampshire. He 
was educated to the medical profession, in which he 
attained the degree of M.D. His work upon politi- 
cal arithmetic is a lasting memorial of his mental ca- 
pacity. He obtained a patent to teach the art of dou- 
ble writing : his skill in mechanics was also great. 
He invented a double-bottomed ship, which, for tbe 
quickness of her sailing and other excellent qualities, 
attracted much notice at the time. He was knighted 
by Charles II. in 1661, and he was one of the first 
members of the Royal Society. In 1654 he con- 
tracted with the Parliament for the survey of Ireland ; 
and, in the course of two years, he completed tlie 
measurement of 2,0C 8,000 acres of forfeited lands. 
For his labour he received twenty shillings per dkmf 
and one penny per acre : thus he acquired an estate 
of 6000/. a-year, and from small beginnings he was 
enabled to leave a fortune of 15,000/. per annum. 
His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Hardress 
Waller, and widow of Sir Maurice Fenton. After 
the death of Sir William Petty, she was in 1688 
created Baroness Shelbume."* 

The 16th of December is the anniversary of 
the birth of John Seiden, the successful antago- 
nist of Grotius, and styled by some ** the great 
dictator of learning of tihe English nation.*' He 
was bom in 1 584, a native of Sussex, and was 
bred to the law, of which he became one of tiie 
most learned professors. He pleaded as coun- 
sel for Hampden in the ftonous trial respecting 
ship-money, was very active against the unfor- 
tunate and cruelly-sacrificed Earl Strafford, and 
Archbishop Laud, and was principally instru- 
mental in depriving the bishops of their votes. 
Yet he was universally esteemed for the ur- 
banity of his mannjrs, and the goodness of his 
heart. Seiden was also greatly distinguished 
as an antiquary. Towards the close of his 
life he was known to have said, that of the 
numberless volumes which he had read and di- 
gested, nothing stuck so close to his heart, or 
gave him such solid satisfaction, as a single 
passage out of St. Paul's Epistles. (Titus, ii, 

* " Portraits from the Peerage,'' by TuoMis 
Harral : Monthly Magazine, May, 1838. — It was 
in the year 1692 that Thomas, the twenty-first Lord of 
Kerry, created Viscount Clanmaurice and Earl of 
Kerry, married Anne, the only daughter of Sir Wil- 
liam Petty. 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



39 



11, 12, 13, 14.) He died on the 30th of No- 
vember, 1654, 

It was on the 16th of December, 1653 — 
185 years ago — that Oliver Cromwell, a cant- 
ing, Bangainary, regicidal hypocrite, a king in 
all things bnt the name and the heart, was de- 
clared Protector of England. Respecting this 
man, his life, and times, two new works have 
within these few weeks appeared : one, a sin- 
gle volume of Lardner's Cyclopaedia, by John 
Forster, Esq., from Longman's house ; the 
other, in two octavo volumes, by Dr. Vaughan, 
from Colbum's. " Who," said Dr. South, in 
one of his sermons, " that had beheld such a 
bankrupt, beggarly fellow as Cromwell first 
entering the parliameiit-house, with a thread- 
baze torn cloak and a greasy hat, and (perhaps 
neither of them paid for,) could have suspected 
th^t, in the space -of so few years, he should, by 
the murder of one king aad tB^ banishment of 
another, ascend the throne, be invested in the 
royal robea, aad want nothing of the state of a 
king but the dmnging of his Imt into a crown ?" 
When Lely painted his portrait, Cromwell or- 
dered him to be faithful in representing every 
Uemiah or d^ect that he could discover in his 
iaoe. Cromwell's nose, which was remarkably 
red and shining, was the subject of much ridi- 
cule. Cleaveland, a writer of the day, remari^s : 
— ** This Cromwell should be a bird of prey by 
hiB bkx)dy beak ; his nose^ able to try a young 
eagle whether she be lawfully begotten : but all 
is not gold that glisters." Again, '< Crom- 
well's nose wears the dominical letter." Eve- 
lyn, who personfl^y knew Cromwell, and ''who 
studied physiognomy, fancied that he read cha- 
racters of the greatest dissimulation, boldness, 
cruelty, and ambition in every touch and stroke 
of his countenance.*' In the old Ducal Palace, 
at Florence* there is, or was, a portrait of Crom- 
well, painted by Walker, which the grand duke 
purchased of a relation of Cromwell's for 500/. 
In the same palace was also a cast, " done from 
a mould taken from Cromwell's face, a few mo- 
ments after his decease." Breval, in the third 
volume of his " Travels," remarks, ** that there 
is something more remarkably strong and ex- 
pressive in it [the cast] than in any picture 
or bust of that usurper he had ever seen." After 
a life of in&UDQy, CromweU died the death of the 
little, and the mean, and the poor in spirit on 
the 3rd of September, 16dd, in the 60th year 
of his age. The place of his interment does 
not seem to have been agreed upon amongst 
his biographers. According to some, his body 
was carried by his own direction to Naseby 
Field, the scene of his grand victory, and there 
interred with great privacy. 

Well! on Monday next, at twenty-three 



minutes past 12, a.m. we are to have a new 
moon for the illumination of our Christmas 
evenings. Will Murphy be indulgent to the 
holiday folk at that period ? Alas ! no ! He 
remorselessly threatens us with rain and storm 
on Christmas day ! Oh, that he were at home, 
in his " emerald isle," that we might hope for a 
Httle fine weather again ! 

Charles, third Earl Stanhope, the gifted but 
eccentric father of the present Peer, merits 
honourable mention in Ths Ajldinb Magazine, 
as the constructor of a new and greatly im- 
proved printing press, which is stiU in use in 
many of the most respectable ofiices in London. 
His Lordship was also the author of several 
other inventions : particularly of a method of 
securing buildings from fire— an arithmetical 
machine — a monochord for tuning musical 
instruments — a vessel to sail against wind and 
tide, &c. His Lordship was bom in 1753, and 
he died on the 17th of December, 1716. 

Henry the second, the first Sovereign of the 
house of Anjou, or Plantagenet, was crowned 
on the 17th of December, 1154. Of this 
monarch, who was endowed with many fine 
qualities, Vertue gives a portrait, from the 
effigies on his monument, at Fontevraud, in 
Anjou, where he was buried. 

Sir Humphry Davy, Bart., the inventor of 
the safety lamp — the discoverer of the me- 
tallic bases of the alkalies and earths, of the 
principles of electro chemistry, &c. ; was bom 
at Penzance, in Cornwall, on the 17th of De- 
cember, 1778. The particulars of his useful 
and splendid philosophical career are well 
known. After a series of early success, he 
became professor to the Board of Agriculture, 
in 1802 ; in 1818, he was created a baronet ; 
in 18^, he was elected President of the Rojral 
Society ; and professional honour flowed in upon 
him, without interruption, till his death, which 
took place at Geno in 1829. Dr. Sir — Fara- 
day was his favourite and most distinguished pu- 
pil; and as a philosophical chemist, and great sci- 
entific discoverer, that gentieman has long since 
far out-stripped his master. Sir Humphry Davy 
was succeeded in the Presidency of the Royal 
Society by one of his early frienids and patrons, 
Davis Gilbert, Esq. ; on whose resignation, 
the office wa^ filled by His Royal Highness the 
Duke of Sussex. Some months ago, the Duke 
resigned ; and the most noble the Marquis of 
Northampton has recently been elected to the 
vacated chair. 

Thomas Guy, bom in 1644> was brought up 
to the business of a bookseller. By dealing 
largely in the importation of bibles from Hol- 
land — ^by contracting with Oxford for the bibles 
printed by that University — ^by extensive ep&sa- 



40 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



lations on the Stock Exchange — and by his 
penurious habits, he amased a fortune of nearly 
500,000/. Guy was an old bachelor. Tra- 
dition states, that he was on the point of marry- 
ing his housekeeper ; when the fair one, pre- 
suming on the understanding between them, 
ventured to give some instructions to the pa- 
viours who were at that time employed in front 
of Guy's house. Offended at this premature 
interference, as he deemed it, Guy broke off 
the match ; in consequence of which determina- 
tion, it is added, he resolved on building and 
endowing the hospital in Southwark which 
bears his name. On that structure he expen- 
ded about 200,000/. He also made bequests 
to Christ's Hospital, erected almshouses at 
Tamworth, and left 80,000/ to those who could 
prove relationship with him. He died on the 
18th of December, 114 years ago. 

Tycho Brah^, the Danish astronomer, and 
author of the system which was superseded by 
that of Copernicus, was born on the 1 9th of De- 
cember, 1546. Since the days of Copernicus, 
mankind, instead of fanc3ring themselves inhabi- 
tants of the centre of the universe, are satisfied 
with belonging to one of the little stars of the 
solar system. Brah6 died in 1601. 

The 19th of December is the anniversary of 
the birth of William Bowyer, an eminent Eng- 
lish printer, and classical scholar, who will here- 
after fall imder our biographical notice in 
another department of The A ldine Magazine. 
Bowyer was bom in 1699, and died in 1777. 
He published several learned works ; but his 
chief performance was a Ghreek edition of the 
New Testament, with critical and emenda- 
tory notes. 

Maxamilian de Bethune, Marquis of Rosni, 
and afterwards Duke of Sully, ambassador 
from Henry IV. of France, to James I. of Eng- 
land, on the accession of the latter to the 
throne, will have been dead 197 years on Fri- 
day next, the 21st of December. It was by 
the assistance of the Duke of Sully, one of the 
most able, industrious, and faithful ministers 
ever served a king, that Henry was enabled to 
bring order into the finances of the State, to 
encourage agriculture and the manual arts, 
and to lay the foundation of that power and 
grandeur to which the French monarchy after- 
wards arose. 

On the same day, 122 years will have passed 
since Gray the poet, immortalised by his 
** Elegy, written in a Country Churchyard," 
first saw the light. Gray died in 1771, at the 
age of bb. 

We close the week with repeating, that the 
festival of St. Thomas falls on the 21st, the 
shortest day» and consequently the longest 



night of the year. By our Saxon ancestors, 
the longest night was held in especial venera- 
tion. Terming it mother night, and regarding 
it as the mother of all the other nights, they 
dated from it the commencement of their years. 
They also held it as a festival in honour of 
Thor, one of their greatest and most powerful 
deities, in whom, as they believed, was vested 
the supreme command of the elements. 



BOOK OF THE WEEK. 



ENGLAND'S PROUDEST BOAST.* 

" Booh of the Weeh r Ay ! the Book fob 
ALL Time ! Honour and glory to the name of 
Shakespear ! Honour and glory to all who, 
with the mind to appreciate, have the heart to 
yield him the homage due to heaven- inspired 
genius ! Coleridge, another child of inspiration, 
has well said — *' Assuredly that criticism of 
Shakespear will alone be genial which is reve- 
rential. The Englishman who, without reve- 
rence, a proud and affectionate reverence, can 
utter the name of William Shakespear, stands 
disqualified for the office of critic. He wants 
one, at least, of the very senses, the language 
of which he is to employ, and will discourse at 
best but as a blind man, while the whole har- 
monious creation of light and shade, with all its 
subtle interchange of deepening and dissolving 
colours, rises in silence to the silent fiat of the 
uprising Apollo !" 

It is in this spirit, not acted upon too lite- 
rally, that Knight's Pictorial Edition of Shak- 
spere. Parts I. and II. now before us, is con- 
ducted. These parts consist of The Two Gen- 
tlemen of Verona, and King John ; the former 
presenting thirty-five, the latter forty-tlyee, 
finely-engraved illustrations in wood — entire 
pages, head and tail pieces, and insertions. 

Shakespear was probably the) most sugges- 
tive writer that ever existed : hence the count- 
less multitude of his conunentators, and of the 
pictorial productions which have been found- 
ed on his works; and hence also the very 
pages which now demand our notice. Shake- 
spear not only possessed the creative faculty 
himself, in a limitless degree, humanly speak- 
ing, he also excited the creative, the inventive . 
powers of others to an extent never before 
achieved by mortal agency. 

We are very desirous of convejdng to the 
reader some idea of the vast superiority of this 
new edition of our bard ; but the points in- 



• The Pictorial Edition of Shakspere. Parts I. 
and II. super-royal 8?o.. Knight and Co.^ 1838. 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



41 



Tolved are so numerous, that we despair of 
adequate success. 

With reference to the text, it is collated with 
that of the folio edition, which Home Tooke 
described as the only one worth regarding, 
with occasional corrections and variations, 
and some sHght changes of punctuation. The 
Taiious readings are given as foot notes. So 
fer as the notes are concerned, the object of the 
editor is to embody the idea of Dr. Drake, 
-which, whilst it would expunge " all that was 
trifling, idly controversial, indecorous, and 
abusive^ should at the same time retain every 
interesting disquisition, though in many in- 
stances remodelled, rewritten, and condensed, 
nor fearing to add what farther research, under 
the guidance of good taste, might suggest." 

According to the arrangement indicated in 
the prospectus, and which is strictly adhered to 
m the two parts already published, an intro- 
ductory notice is to be prefixed to each play, 
pointing out>-— 

" 1. The historical facts, the real or imaginary 
incidents, and the complete stories or detached pas- 
sages in works of imagination, from either of which 
the plot of the drama, or any portion of it, is 
supposed to be derived. 2. The evidence which 
exists to establish the date when the play was writ- 
ten. 3. The period and the locality of the drama, 
with an account of the materials from which the local 
illustrations have been derived. 4. The costume of the 
drama, in which notice will be introduced wood cuts, 
copied from ancient MSS. or books that may exhibit 
the authentic costume of the place and of the period 
which the poet has in his mind. 5. The miisic of 
the drama, in. which the original airs of^Shakespear's 
original songs will, as far. as possible, be given, with 
an account of the later musical compositions that have 
heen adapted to the poet's words.*' 

To each play is also appended a supplement- 
ary notice of the various critical opinions which 
may have been pronoimced on its merits. 

We have yet to speak of what appears to be 
the leading aim of Mr. Knight's edition — its 
pictorial illustrations. " We have embellished 
editions of Shakespear," 'observes the editor, 
" out of number, tjiat attempt to represent the 
incidents of his scenes and translate his charac- 
ters into portraits for the eye with greater or 
less success ; but we have no edition in which 
tiie aid of art has been called in to give a dis- 
tmctness to the conceptions of the reader by 
representing the realities upon which the imagi- 
nation of the poet must have rested. Of these 
pictorial illustrations many, of course, ought to 
be purely antiquarian ; but the larger number 
of subjects offer a combination of the beautiful 
with the real, which must heighten the plea- 
sure of the reader far more than any fanciful 
representation, however skilful, of the incidents 
of the Bcveral dramas." 



With this view, the assembled talents of 
ancient and modem painters, and of engravers 
in wood, of the first class, are called into play. 
Amongst the old artists we find the names of 
iSalvator Rosa, Domenichino, Vecellio, Hog- 
henburgh, Paul Veronese, Cipriani, RaiFaele, 
&c. ; and of our contemporaries, those of Har- 
vey, Pyne, Jacque, &c. And these are charm- 
ingly wrought out by the gravers of Orrin 
Smith, Jackson, Thompson, and others at the 
top of the list in their art. 

Sincerely could we wish that it were prac- 
ticable for us to transfer some of the engravings 
to our own columns, as the best and only satis- 
factory vouchers for the justice and warmth of 
our praise ; but as the wish would be vain, we 
must content ourselves with mentioning some 
of the more striking and curious subjects from 
each play. 

From The Two Gentlemen of Verona : — ^The 
title-page, a fanciful and picturesque group, 
embodying the final scene, from an original de- 
sign by Harvey, the first artist of our day in 
this branch of art ; various Italian costumes ; 
a border of flowers, framing the dramatis per- 
soncs, after Domenichino ; the shrine of Lo- 
retto; Queen Elizabeth's salt-cellar; triumph 
at Milan ; a pageant, designed from Sharp's 
Dissertation on Coventry Pageants ; the comic 
muse, after Cipriani ; ^ Shakespear's house at 
Stratford. 

From King John : — ^The title-page, another 
design of Harvey's — a group embodying the 
scene before the walls of Angiers, Act ii. 
Scene 2, This is a truly magnificent com- 
position, and in its fine execution alone, 
worth more than double the cost of the 
book. The composition and grouping — 
the fore and back-grounds — the variety 
and individuality of character — the sentiment 
and expression — are all so admirable, that 
nothing more is desired than enlargement to 
render it a grand historical picture. This, in- 
deed, is the merit, to an exti^ordinary degree, 
of nearly all Harvey's designs : they are perfect 
pictures in little. Harvey is a complete master 
of composition. This noble print is engraved in 
a style worthy of the painter, by J. Thompson. 
At once curious and beautiful, is an ornamental 
border for the dramatis per sonte, from a MS. of 
the time of King John. Then we have the 
ceremony of creating a knight on the field of 
battle ; Richard I. and the Lion, very brilliant, 
from the graver of O.Smith ; and, from a de- 
sign by Jacque, .and also engraved by O. Smith, 
a view of Angiers (vignette) which, for softness, 
delicacy, and depth of tone, we have rarely seen 
surpassed; Marriage of Louis and Blanche of 
Castile, by the same artists» exceedingly bril- 



43 



PHB ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



liant; English vessels, from ancient M6S., 
very spirited ; Jacque and O. S. again, in the 
batUe near Angiers, the field after the battle, 
and the smithy, all three of them brilliant 
and forcible in an extraordinary degree; the 
Castle of Rouen, by Sargent and Jackson, well- 
toned and effective ; the death of King John, 
at Swinstead Abbey, and the Long Wash be- 
tween Lynn and Boston, two other gems by 
Jacque and O.Smith; and the Muse of History, 
after Raffaele. 

We remark, with satisfaction, that the em- 
bellishments of the Second Part are not only 
more numerous than those of the first, but that 
they are also of a far higher grade of merit. 

Throughout this notice, we have spelt, as we 
have long been accustomed to spell, our poet's 
name, Shakespeab. This, we have'no doubt, 
was, with the addition of a final e, the original 
orthography ; though we are not disposed to 
contend that it was the orthography adopted 
by the bard himself : it might have been altered 
— modified — abbreviated, before his time. How- 
ever, it is proper to state, that, in the Pictorial 
Edition of Shakspere, the name (not for the 
first time) is spelt — Shakspbae. After a fac 
nmile of the poet's autograph, the chai^ or 
innovation, is thus justified : 

" We have placed at the head of this notice, the 
autograph of * Willm. Shakspere,* which we have 
been permitted to copy from his undoubted signature 
in the volume of Montaigne's Essays, by John Florio, 
in the British Museum. This autograph has set at 
rest the long-disputed question of the mode in which 
the poet wrote his name. Sir Frederick Madden has 
satisfactorily shewn, in a letter published in the 
Archaeologia, vol. 27, that in the five other acknow- 
ledged genuine signatures in existence, namely, in 
the three attached to his will, and the two affixed to 
deeds connected with the mortgage and sale of a 
property in Blackfriars, the poet always wrote his 
name SHAKSPERE, and, consequently, that those 
who have inserted an e after the /c, or an a in the 
second syllable, do not write the same (so far as we 
are able to judge) in the same manner as the poet 
himself uniformly would authorise us to do ? In 
the Stratford Register, both at his baptism and 
burial, the name is spelt Shakspere, The printera, 
'however, during his life, and in the folio of 1623, 
spell his name Shakespeare. In this edition, after 
much consideration, we have determined to follow 
the authority of the/)oef« autograph'''' 

Shakespear — or * Shakspere' — when he made 
Juliet ask, "What's in a name!" had littie 
thought of the discussions that would be excited 
respecting his own name. 

We cannot but wish the present undertaking 
every possible success. 



CORRESPONDENCE. 



[Extract of a Letter from *' An Old Bookseller's 

Son/^ at Rome.] 

Nov, 9, 1838. 
I LIKED Sienna much; the month of October partis 
cularly delightful, as it is in fact throughout Italy. 
All is rich and picturesque, especially the vintage. 
The vine runs in all its natural luxuriance in festoons 
from tree to tree, hanging over the road-side 
wherever you go. I have not any occasion for five : 
it is like the beginning of September in England. 

I am settled on the Pincian Hill, one of the highest 
parts of Rome, and therefore most healthful, and 
also convenient of access to the Academy and other 
places of interest; as well as contiguous to the prome- 
nade, one of the finest in £urope, where I exercise 
daily. Claude's house is on tne opposite side of 
the street, facing my window ; Salvator Rosa's is 
within a minute's walk ; and Poussin's within three 
doors above me on my side of the street. The 
French Academy, formerly the famous Villa de Me- 
dici is in sight. Thorswaldseti, the sculptor, with 
whom I am acquainted, is in the same street, four or 
five doors above me. So you will say, in such a spot, 
I ought to receive some inspiration. 

Last year Claude's and Poussin's houses were in- 
habited by friends of mine, and I have sometimes 
divided an evening between them. Rome is in fact 
an eternal gratification to an artist. To a travelling 
visitor the interest is generally over after he has seen 
the sights ; to an artist, all here, whether animate or 
inanimate nature, is a study, and he regrets that time 
allows him to do so very little. 

To day I was employed in painting a woman of 
the Neapolitan states in her native costume ; a white 
handkerchief, folded in a curious manner on the 
head ; a plaited chemise, the principal covering of 
the bust ; a small red bodice trimmed with gold Uce, 
and embroidered with different coloured flowers ; a 
purple silk skirt, trimmed with three or four rows of 
red binding ; and a large robe of scarlet cloth, placed 
anglewise over it, forming a very rich dress. Imagine 
me in my study chattering Italian to this damsel, 
and painting her towering visage. This is her mode 
of getting her living, as it is that of many others who 
come long journeys for the winter season in Home. 
This year the city is full of foreigners. 

I did not regret leaving Sienna, as there was a 
second and more violent shock of an earthquake; 
and I should not be surprised were they to have 
another violent one ere long. Several houses were 
destroyed by one in 1795. I was sitting drawing 
about ten o'clock|atnigfat, when I heard aloud rumbling 
noise ; the doors and windows began to rattle ; and 
I felt the floor move under me, creating a very un- 
pleasant sensation of giddiness. This was repeated 
more violently, and I was almost tempted to run into 
the street. It did not, however, do any damage that 
I heard of. 

Two thirds of the road to Rome are volcanic ; and 
the lakes of Bolsena and Rosiciglione are said to be 
two craters of extinct volcanoes; the former unfit- 
thomable. 

The country is lovely, but it is impossible to en- 
joy it from . the constant apprehension of meeting 
brigands on the road, the coachman calling out to us 
the first thing in the morning 4o **^wt an eye bebinc)'* 



THB ALDINB MAOAZINB. 



43 



every now and then, which you may be sure I at* 
tended to, as my portmanteau would have been the 
first at hand, by their simply cutting a cord in the 
rear of the coach. The conveyance is much like a 
large hackney, with a cabin front. The brigands 
rarely, however, use arms, unless they meet resistance. 
A worthy Italian who sat facing me had fear evi- 
dently depicted on bis countenance the greater part 
of the journey. He was a bit of a cockney in his 
way, asking trie most ludicrous questions respecting 
the geography of England. One was, if the United 
Statfis were not touching on the North of London. 
This was ** official,** and the geographical knowledge 
of most of them is about on a par with tliis. — ^Adieu. 



SCRAPIANA. 



Apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto. 

ViRG. 

Female Knights of the Garter. 

Only three females have in this country worn the in- 
signia of the Garter : Lady Harcourt, Lady Gray, and 
Lady Suffolk . Lady Harcourt was daughter of Sir John 
Byron, and wife of Sir Robert Harcourt, K.G. (temp. 
Henry III.) Her tomb is at Stanton Harcourt, in 
Oxfordshire. The garter is above the elbow of the 
left arm. It has the motto. There is at Nuneham 
Courtenay, Oxfordshire, (the Seat of the Earl Har^ 
court,) over one of the doors of the dressing-room, a 
painting of that Lady Harcourt, wearing the garter 
on her arm. Lady Gray was daughter of John Hol- 
land, Earl of Huntingdon and Duke of Exeter. She 
married, first, Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk ; 
and, secondly. Sir John Gray, K G. (temp. Henry 
V.) Sir John was afterwards Earl of Tankerville. He- 
tomb was in St« Catherine's Church (now demolished) 
near the Tower of London. Lady Suffolk was 
daughter of Sir Thomas Chaucer. She married 
William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk (temp. Henry 
VI.) Her tomb, with her effigies, wearing the gar- 
ter on her left arm, is in good preservation in Ewelme 
Church, in Oxfordshire. 

A Pleasantry of the late Duchets of Devonshire, 
As she was rambling one day in the neighbour- 
hood of Chiswick, her Grace was overtaken by 
a shower, which obliged her to take shelter in a 
little hut, where she happened not to be known. 
Among other topics of conversation which she intro- 
duced in her affable manner, she asked the good 
woman if she knew the Duchess of Devonshire. 
" Know her," answered the woman, " ay, God save 
her, everybody has cause to know her here !— there 
was never a better lady bom of a woman." " I am 
afraid you are mistaken," said her Grace, " for from 
what i can understand of her, she is no better than 
she should be." " I see you are no better than you 
should be," returned the poor woman ; " it would be 
happy for you if you were as good ; but you 1— you'll 
never be worthy to wipe her shoes." " Then I must 
be beholden to you, for they are at present very 
dirty," answered her Grace. The honest cottager, 
perceiving her mistake, ran with the greatest readi- 
ness and humility to perform the office, which was 
generously rewarded by d\e Duchess. 



Extraordinary Courage in a Game Cock, 

A large dog, of the mastiff breed, happened to pass 
near a game cock, when the latter, without any pro- 
vocation, assaulted^ the dog with the utmost violence. 
The dog became irritated, and in his turn attacked 
the game cock. A severe combat ensued; but the 
vigilance and dexterity of the cock eluded every at- 
tempt of the dog to hurt him. At length the cock 
flew upon the dog*s back, and with his beak actually 
beat out both his eyes. He then continued the attack 
with so much ferocity, that in a short time the dog 
fell to the ground, when the cock struck him a blow 
with his heel, which penetrated to his brain, and he 
instantly expired. 

The Waverley Novels. 

The sale of the autograph originals,at Evans's in Pall 
Mall, seven years ago, excited less attention than might 
have been anticipated. The MSS. were ail in Sir Walter 
Scotfs hand-writing, neat, clean, and in green morocco 
bindings. The total produce of the sale was 317/. ; 
and the prices of each lot, and the purchasers, were 
as follows : — The Monastery ^ bought by Mr. Thorpe, 
18/. — Guy Mannering, Mr. Thorpe, 27/. 10«. — did 
Mortality y 33/. — The Antiquary, Captain Basil Hall, 
42/.— R^6 Roy, Mr. Wilks, M. P., 50L—Peveril of 
the Peak, Mr. Cochrane, 42/. — Waverley, Mr. Wilks, 
M. P., 18/. — The Abbot, 14/. — Ivanhoe, Mr. Rum- 
bold, M. P., 12/. — The Pirafc, MoUeno and Graves, 
12/. — The Fortunes of Nigel, 161. ids. — Kenilworth, 
Mr. Wilks, M. P., ITl.—The Bride o La/nmermoor, 
Captain Basil Hall, 14/. 14«. 

Prayer against the Small Pox, 

" The dread and horror excited by this disease from 
the earliest ages is curiously illustrated by a prayer 
of the Anglo-Saxon ttca, preserved among tlie Hai>- 
leian Manuscripts at die British Museum, which is 
as follows : — 

-^*In nomine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus sancti, 
Amen f in adjutorium sit Salvator noster f Dominus 
coeli; — audi preces famuloram famularumque, Do- 
mine Jhesu Christe f atque peto angelorum millia, 
ut me t salvent, ae defendant doloris igniculo et po- 
testate Variola,9C protegant mortis apericulo : tuas, 
Jhesu Christe! aures tuas nobis inclina." — ^Bibl. 
Harl. No. 585. p. 202.* 

Little Fishes. 

^R. Mc CAur., in his " Sketches of Judaism and the 
Jews," gives the following Talmudistical statement: 

" The sea threw out a great fish ; sixty cities ate of 
it, an4 sixty cities salted some of its flesh for food. 
From fl^e of its eyes were made three hundred mea- 
sures of oil. When i passed that way a year after, 
the people were sawing the bones into great beams, 
for butidingiiin that city. 



* In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and 
of the Holy Spirit, Amen.f May our Saviour beour 
help, t Lord of Heaven ! Hear the prayers of thy 
man servants and maid servanis. Lord Jesus Christ If 
and 1 beseech thousands of angels that they may save 
me, t and preserve me from the insensity of the small- 
pox, and protect me from the danger of death. Jesus 
Christ, incline thine ear towards us.f"— Sbve»ii'8 
Failure of Vaccination, 



44 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



" The same* rabbi also relates : — We were once 
sailing in the middle of the sea, when we saw a great 
fish, whose back projected out of the water, and there 
was sand on his back. We went out of the ship, and 
made a fire on the fish, in order to cook, for we 
thought it wns a mountain. When the fire grew large, 
and the fish felt it, he turned about, and if the ship 
had not been close to the fish, we should all have 
been drowned." 



NOTICE OF NEW BOOKS, &c. 



Knighf$ Patent Illuminated Prints, Mitcellaneotis 
Series. Part I. Crown folio. Knight and Co. 
1838. 

Knight^s Patent Illuminated Maps. Scriptural 
Series, Part II. Double foolscap. Knight and 
Co. 1838. 

These publications are perfect novelties in the fine 
arts ; beautiful in execution, and so marvellously 
cheap that our imagination flags as to the mode by 
which they can be produced at the price they are 
sold for.' A few years ago, each of the livraisons 
named above would have been deemed a bargain at 
half-a-crown. 

Part I. of the Miscellaneous Prints contains three 
plaies, in colours — the Ptarmigan, the celebrated 
Portland or Barberini Vase, in the British Museum, 
and the Sussex Truffle Hunter, — in a style almost 
equal to painting. Part I. of the Maps — the Land 
of Canaan during the Lives of the Patriarchs, and 
Canaan, as divided by Joshua among the Tribes of 
Israel — are in the same degree attractive, and yet 
more striking and surprising in their execution and 
effect. The ground is ** of various tints,'' so that the 
land and sea, as well as the great divisions of the 
map, can be at once traced ; the mountains" are 
"white," she wing distinctly and brightly upon the 
difierent ground colours ; and the n'trcrs, the boundary- 
lines, and the names^ are " printed dark upon the 
tinted ground." The process by which these im- 
pressions are obtained is called ** illuminated print- 
ing, from its approach to the sharpness and brilliancy 
of the ancient illumination of MSS. and printed 
books;" and, as we learn from Messrs. Knight and 
Co*s notice on the wrapper, it " mainly consists in 
applying surface printing in colours, wherever the 
roller-press and the /?enci? have formerly been used.'* 
So far as we can trace the mechanism of the art, 
there must be its many blocks engraved, and as many 
impressions taken from each block, as there may be 
colours in the original design. And this very cir- 
cumstance heightens our surprise at the cheapness of 
production. 

It appears that Messrs. Knight and Co. have it in 
contemplation to publish, in series, maps upon this 
principle for the purpose of illustrating the Penny 
Cyclopaedia, the Pictorial Bible, and the Pictorial 
History of England, now in course of delivery ; as 
well as the Histories of Palestine, Rome, and Greece, 
about to appear; and also School Room Maps upon 
a larger scale. 



Spectacle Secrets, By George Cox. Hamilton 

and Co. 

We have read and studied a great many treatises of 
spectacles, opera-glasses, &c.; we have conversed 
with and consulted several opticians ; and the result of 
our observation is, that not one spectacle maker out 
of ten in London is, in a scientific sense, more than 
half acquainated with his business. When we spoke 
to them of two foci in the eyes of an individual — told 
ihem that nature designed one eye for one speci6c 
purpose, and the other for another, and that, in con- 
sequence, the two glasses of a pair of spectacles re- 
quired to be of different foci — an air of the most 
amusing stolidity crept over their countenances; 
they were absolutely bewildered — astounded — utterly 
incredulous. Such, however, is generally, though 
not universally, the fact ; a fact, of the existence of 
which any person may, by a very simple experiment, 
satisfy himself in a single minute. And this is a 
point which above all others creates a difficulty in 
the choice and adaptation of glasses, unless by the 
aid of an experienced and scientific optician. As for 
buying spectacles, or eye-glasses, of hawkers, or 
general shopkeepers, even supposing them to be 
houest, it is worse than throwing money into the 
street. 

We are by no means disposed to class Mr. Cox 
with the ignorant and incapable parties referred to. 
On the contrary, his little brochure, so fer as it goes, 
is correct, ingenious, and useful. Moreover, it is va- 
luable as exposing the gross ignorance, impostures, 
and frauds of jews, pedlars, and other locomotive 
quacks. The humbug of amber spectacles, coloured 
pebbles, clarified crystals, periscopic lensesi parabolic 
curves, &c. is here thoroughly exploded. 

Mr. Cox is evidently a practical and scientific 
man. His instructions for the choice of spectacles, 
and also for the adaptation of the frames, or mount- 
ings, to the form of the face, are good. 

With reference to spectacles for travelling by rail- 
roads, &c. his remarks are very judicious : 

" Almost every combination of light and shade has 
been used for this class of spectacles ; violet, grey, 
blue, green, crape, wove wire, &c. ; but some sensi- 
tive and tender eyes failed to receive the relief ex- 
pected from any of these, and opticians have been re- 
peatedly baffled in their attempts to produce a shade 
of glass congenial to the requirements of the eye un- 
der such circumstances. I have made extensive use 
of the new neutral tint, or twilight tinge glass, and 
find it most agreeable to the eye while employing it, 
and when removed, it leaves the vision undisturbed 
by the flickering and confused halo so much com- 
plained of after wearing other coloured glasses. The 
cause of this superiority is clearly seen when we re- 
member that, after taking off a pair of green glass 
spectacles, every object appears of a red colour, while 
upon the removal of blue colours, an orange or yellow 
mantle seems to rest on all which meets the view.'' 

Further on he observes ; — 

" I have always discountenanced the use of wire, 
gauze, crape, and muslin substitutes for glass, because, 
in my opinion, it is a fallacy to asseft that they are 
cooler and more agreeable to the eye. There is abun- 
dant space for the circulation of air in the region of 
the eye if the spectacle-frame adapts itself pleasantly 
to the wearer*s face ; while the eye and common sense 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



45 



may answer together, that to look on things around 
us, a transparent medium is preferable to a hazy and 
indistinct one. We do not choose bars and gratings, 
or coarse curtains, in preference to glass, for the 
windows of apartments ; but if the light is sometimes 
too intense, we place a shade to soften its dazzling 
effects. Such precisely is the reason why tinted 
glass spectacles, for defending the eyes from rain, 
dust, and wind, are recommended/' 

. Altogether, the information in this pamphlet is 
well deserving of attention. 



We Village Magazine ; a Journal of Literature , 
Science, Fine Arts, and General Knowledge ; with 
Illustrations. Nos. I., II., III., and IV. Tyas. 

Tdis is the neatest, the best arranged, and the best 
written work of its class that we have met with for 
years. It is at once ornamental and useful ; and it 
eviuces much editorial taste and talent. To a publi- 
cation so pleasing in character, it is impossible not to 
wish success. 



A Key to the Difficulties, Philological and Historical, 
of the First Book of Schiller s Thirty Years' War, 
(Adapted to ant/ edition.) Forming a Guide to 
German Construing, for the Use of English 

. Students, By Adolphus Bernays, thil. Doc, 
Professor of the German Language and Literature, 
King's College, London. Wertheim. 

The title-page of this little volume, which we have 
tnmscribed at length, sufficiently explains its general 
nature. Its chief object is to remove certain diffi- 
culties attendant on the study of Schiller's deservedly 
popular work. " At the same time it is to supply the 
lovers of German literatui-e with an easy and cheap 
guide to the study of other works iu this language, 
by such general remarks as would, if once thoroughly 
understc^, save them hours of search and thought ; 
such as on the use of certain prepositions, the ad- 
verbs which connect accessory clauses with principal 
clauses, the formation of adjectives from proper 
names, &c." Dr. Bernays has executed his task very 
satisfactorily. 



Choice Spirits ; or, the Palace of Gin: a Serio- 
comic Dramatic Poem, in Two Acts. By George 
Booth. Bennett, 1838. 

A WELL-INTENDED little Satire on the destructive 
▼ice of gin-drinking amongst the lower classes. 



Franklin's Journal of Income and Fxpense ; in- 
tended chiefly for the Use of Young Men holding 
Situations, Collegians, Law and Medical Students, 
and others of Limited Income ; containing Hints 
on Lodgings, How to Provide, List of Dining 
Booms, Coffee Rooms, Sfc, and full Instructions 
to a Young Man on his First Arrival in Town. 
By a Disciple of Benjamin Franklin, LL.D. 
Tyas. 

BxcELtEKT ideas, well arranged and well worked 
oat« No young man from the country ought to be 
without this litUe vade mecum in his waistcoat pocket. 



Splendid Library Edition, Fables; by the most 
Eminent British, French, German, and Spanish 
Authors; illustrated with numerous Engravings, 
after Original Designs, By J. J. GrandvilTe. 
Part I., 8vo. Tilt, 1838. 

It is intended, that, with some original febles, with 
others translated for the first time from the French 
and German, and with a selection of the best extant, 
in prose and verse, from the most eminent writers of 
all ages and countries, a unique assemblage of these 
delightful productions shall here be formed. Part I. 
now before us, containing fifty-nine fables, with seven 
illustrations on wood, most of them ranking high in 
merit, is strong in promise. Tiie work is printed on 
fine paper, wiUi great accuracy and beauty. 



Poor Richard: an Almanack, for the Year of our 
Lord, 1839. Simpkin, Marshall and Co. 

We had lost sight of our old friend for some years ; 
but, ancient as he is, we find he is still alive and 
merry . Super-added to the usual Almanack matter, 
Poor Richard presents us with five or six very plea- 
sant sketches, and a variety of amusing detail, original 
and selected. His Oraculum since Astrologium, we 
particularly recommend to the notice ot Master 
Murphy : it would assist him amazingly in the con- 
structions of his castles amongst the clouds. 



THE THEATRES, CONCERTS, &c. 



At the Park Street Tlieatre, New York, Mr. and 
Mrs. Mathews took Jinal leave of their American 
friends — and of their enemies — on the evening of the 
13th of November. Mrs. M. is said to have been 
in better voice and spirits than usual, on the occasion. 
It is not unlikely that the termination of a disagree- 
able engagement had some share in producing this 
pleasurable exhilaration. From alonsj and energetic 
address delivered by Mr. Mathews, it appears that, 
even from their first arrival in America, a " dead set'' 
was made against his wife. The conduct of the 
Americans towards Mrs. M.has been base and un- 
manly. We use these epithets advisedly ; because, 
if it were against the moral character of the lady that 
their virtuous indignation was excited, they ought to 
have had the candour to avow it, and thus to put the 
assault upon its right footing. Instead of this, it 
seems a gross falsehood was wickedly invented, and 
as wickedly circulated in every direction, by which a 
prejudice was raised against Mrs. Mathews, and the 
most dastardly persecution became the order of the 
night, whenever she set her foot upon the stage. *' I 
was informed,'' says Mr. Mathews, **that we had 
given serious offence at Saratoga Springs, on our way 
to the Falls of Niagara — that we had refused to sit at 
the public table, but at the same time had insisted 
that our servants should be admitted there, and that 
the visitors at the hotel, disgusted at the .gross out- 
rage, had been compelled to rise and leave the table. 
I could only smile at this absurd accusation, and 
deemed it one of the gossiping and ephemeral para- 
graphs of a newspaper, the subject of an hour's chit- 
chat, and then to be forgotten. I therefore replied 
jestingly that there were seventeen reasons why 
the alleged offence at Saratoga could not have been 



4« 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



committed — the fint was, that vre had never been 
there. (Laughter.) I presumed that the other six- 
teen reasons would not be required — (Great laughter) 
— but I was mistaken. The report was not suffered 
to die a natuml death ; it wps resuscitated day by day, 
nourished and amplified hour by hour, till at last the 
conviction was forced upon me that what I had at 
first looked upon as a harmless mistake was, on the 
contrary, a regularly organised, deliberate falsehood, 
systematically planned and persevered in for the pur- 
pose of creating a rancorous feeling against us in the 
public mind, and thus at once irreparably injuring us 
on our first appearance at this theatre." However, 
that this rancorous feeling was directed exclusively 
against Mrs. Mathews was subsequently apparent. 

On the last night of their engagement, a better 
spirit prevailed — ^the house was a bum per — and all 
was rapturous and enthusiastic applause. 

<' Ladies and Geotlemen," said Mr. Mathews, ^ I 
appeal to yourselves — can you blame me for at once 
ending the injustice, by removing my wife from a per- 
secution she is so unaccustomed to ? (Cries of ' No, 
no*— certainly not,' from the boxes.) Look for one 
moment calmly at the circumstances. A malicious 
report is invented and put in circulation, without the 
least inquiry into its truth, throughout the United 
States. I do not speak figuratively, but literally, I 
have received newspapers containing bitter invectives 
against us from all parts of the Union — (who could 
have imagined that we were of such consequence in 
the eyes of the New World ?) And all about what ? 
Nothing but our conduci at Saratoga, where we have 
never been." (Laughter and much applause.) 

Here is the closing passage of the address : — 

" Your kindness, Ladies and Gentlemen, let me 
assure you, will ever be deeply and gratefully remem- 
bered by us both ; and I trust that, notwithstanding 
the unfavourable circumstances under which we have 
appeared before you, you have not found us flag in 
our efTorts to please those who have generously en- 
deavoured to support us. (Great applause.) We 
have fought up against the attack with all our strength, 
but the enemy has proved too much for us, and at 
length, after mature deliberation, we are compelled to 
adopt the only alternative left us — that of abandon- 
ing the field. In the name of Mrs. Mathews and 
myself, allow me. Ladies and Gentlemen, to bid you, 
and for ever, most respectfully farewell." 

Mr. and Mrs. Mathews are probably now on their 
way home. 

William Tell continues to be the rage at our two 
large houses. 

To fill the gap occasioned by the non-arrival of 
Power in the Great Western, to fulfil his engagement 
at the Haymarket, Webster has engaged Hill, the 
American comedian, for six nights. He accordingly 
made his first appearance on Monday evening, in 
The Yankee Pedlar and in New NotionSy and was 
very cordiaMy received. Power may be expected 
hourly, as he had taken his passage in the Roscius, 
which wa»to sail two days after the Great Western. 

On Wednesday evening another new petite co- 
medy, from the pen of Haynes Bayly, was acted 
at the Haymarket, under the title of The Little 
Adopted. The heroes of the piece are three : — John 
Dibbs, Buckstone ; Major Seymour, Mr. Hemming ; 
and Frederic Sumfners, the " Little Adopted^* Mr. 
Walter Lacy. The heroines are three likewise : — 



Laurette Seymour , sister to the Mt^OTf Miss Taylor ; 
Rote Mayburn, an adopted orphan companion of 
Laurette' tf Mrs. Fitzwilliam ; and Beccy Blunt, 
Mrs. F. Matthews. In nineteen instances out of 
twenty, we decidedly object to any attempt to detail 
the plot of a play, or of a novel. In the present case, 
therefore, we shall only mention that Laurette^ whose 
heart, she says, is an <^ omnibus, and friendship the 
cad, who lets in no Cupid-looking passengers,'' is 
just now one '* passenger" minus by the death of a 
dear friend abroad, who, however, has committed her 
nephew to Laurette*s charge, and Laurette is in mo- 
mentary expectation of the arrival of her Littk 
Adopted, She has made up her mind to tend him 
and to teach him like a thousand mothers, and she 
has already bought him books and toys, a cradl«, a 
rocking-horse, a cricket-bat, and a kite. At last he 
arrives, and the pretty little Frederic Summers turns 
out to be a fine handsome young man, who falls im- 
mediately in love with her, she being just as quick in 
returning the compliment. The scene of embarrass- 
ment which ensues on their first meeting— one ex- 
pecting to encounter a little child, and the other an 
elderly lady — ^is good in itself, and admirably actfed 
by Miss Taylor, who was well seconded by Lacy. 
Altogether the piece is full of fun and pleasantry, 
was excellently performed, kept the house in a roar 
of laughter, and will no doubt contribute its full 
quota to the treasury. 

At the Adelphi, on Monday, Rice made bis ap- 
pearance, for the first time this season, as Jim Crow, 
in A Flight to America. He was under the agree- 
able necessity of singing his famous song no fevret 
than five times ! 

A musical entertainment, designated Promenade 
Concerts h la Musard, similar to what was attempted 
last season at the St. James's Theatre, has this week 
been introduced at the Lyceum with doubtful suc- 
cess. The whole of the pit and stage of the theatre 
was laid open arid level for the purposes of giving the 
visitors room to promenade. A portion of the dis- 
tance was bounded by scenery to enliven the pros- 
pect, which closed with an illuminated " V. R." over 
a long table of refreshments. Nearly in the centre 
was a square elevated orchestra filled with musicians. 
Signer Negri was conductor, and Mr. Willy leader. 
Amongst the first yiolins were W. Cramer, Banister, 
Payton, Blagrove, Betts, and Tzerbini ; Mr. Harper 
and his son in the trumpets ; and other departments 
creditably filled. This band gave some good music, 
and played it well, dividing the concert into two parts, 
with half an hour^s interval between, and not extend- 
ing the whole to a length of much more than three 
hours. They performed six overtures — two by We- 
ber, one by Auber, one by Beethoven, one by Ros- 
sini, and one by Herold — four Musard quadrilles, 
and two Strauss waltzes. Mr. Harper also gave a 
fantasia by Bishop on the trumpet. 

On Wednesday evening the Phormio of Terence 
was represented a second time by the Queen's Scho- 
lars of Westminster School. The ensemble was com- 
plete. The house was crowded ; but instead of pro- 
ducing diffidence on the part of the youthful actors, 
that circumstance only excited them to redoubled ex- 
ertion. They all played with great spirit, and shewed 
thai they well understood both the meaning and de- 
sign of the inimitable author whose language tliey de- 
livered. The prologue was spoken by the Captain 



THIR ALDINB MAGAZINE. 



47 



of the school, Mr. Farrer, with much grace and ani- 
mation. AAer explaining that the omission of a play 
last year was occasioned by the death of the late King 
William IV., it went on to panegyrize her present 
Majesty, and to express a hope that the reign of Vic- 
toria would be as auspicious to England as that of 
another virgin queen (Elizabeth) had been. The 

j characters of the comedy were filled as follows : — 
Davui, Richards; Geta, Wood ; Antiphoy Glyn ; 
Phadriaf Farrer ; Demipho, Swabey ; Phormio, 
Vernon; Hcgio, Cramer; Cra^inz/s, May ne; Crito, 

I Greenlaw ; Dorio, Cocks ; Chremes, Randolph ; 
Sophrona, Williams ; Nausistrata, Phillimore ; Dor- 

I dumy Phunium, Mutes. The epilogue was piquant 

I and amusing, and in it the changes effected by steam 
and railroads, as well as in our political and judicial 
systems, were felicitously touched upon. 



LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC 
SOCIETIES. 



ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIBTT. 

The third meetin? for the session was held on Mon- 
day ETeoing, Sir Jonn Barrow, Bart, in the Chair. From 
Dr. John Ylotsky was read an account accompanying 
two vocabularies of the language of the natives of Aus- 
tralia. There was a singular analogy in the pronunci- 
ation in some respects to that of the Sclavonian ; the 
Tocabulary of Van Dienian*s Land was considered of the 
most interest, as the small and unhappy remnants of that 
island are reduced to a very few in number, being driven 
to Flinder's laland, v^here they are fast perishing away. 
Mr. Long made a communication on a lake situate on a 
mountain in Iverness-shirei at the north-western end of 
Strathglass, near the Caledonian Canal, which is frozen 
contmoally throughout the year. This peculiarity has 
never before been noticed by topographical writers. The 
next communication was made through Mr. John Bar- 
row, being the recent survey of the Archipelago of the 
Seychelles about five hundred roi)e» north-east of Mada- 
piscar, and a tributary of the Blauritius. The last sub- 
ject to which the attention of the meeting was drawn was 
AostraHa, on which several notices was read. A com- 
plete map was exhibited belonging to the South Aus- 
tralian Commissioners of Port Adelaide. It was stated 
tbatio much as the value of land increased, that Gover- 
nor Hindmarsh, for two plots for which he gave 80/. 
each, obtained no less than 1,000/. on leaving the colony. 
There had been 14 sail in the harbour at one time, and 
at tbe last accounts there were 12, of which three were 
of 500 tons burthen. A fresh flock of bulls, consisting 
of 360, had arrived overland, following tlie first troop of 
350, 80 that the colony was then well stocked ; and at 
the last accounts there were 127 horses, 1,527 cattle, 
18,910 sheep, and 210 pigs. Captain Washington also 
tated that 9.000 guineas had that day been given for 
9,000 acres of land, on which to establish two secondary 
towns in that thriving colony. A communication on tbe 
sabject of Australia was then read from Mr. Gowan, 
who, at the conclusion, recommended the introduction of 
tbe camel into that country, as not only well adapted to 
tbe climate, but also to the exigencies of intercourse 
between its straggled population, as well as the fittest 
initrument for exploring the interior, which appears to 
be inaccessible by any other means of travelling. Cap- 
tain Lushington gave some particulars of his recent ex- 

peditioD, along with Lieutenant Gray, to explore the 
nterior of Australia. It was also stated that the latter, 

wbo had just recovered from the effects of his wound, 



had returned to the Swan River to make a new attempt 
to ente the interior. — Adjourned to the 14th of January. 

BOTAL ACADEMY OF ARTS. 

On Monday, the Seventieth Anniversary of the Foun- 
dation of the Koyal Academy of Arts, a general assembly 
of the academicians was held at their apartments in 
Trafalgar Square, when the following distribution of pre- 
miums took place, viz. : — 

To Mr. Henry Nelson O'Niel, for the best copy made 
in the painting school, the silver medal ; and the lectures 
of the Professors Barry, Opie, and Fuseli. 

To Mr. William Carpenter, for the next best copy 
made in the painting school, the silver medal. 

To Mr. Henry Le Jeune, or the best drawing from 
the life, the silver medal. 

To Mr. Henry Bailey, for the best drawing of the 
principal front of Harcourt House, in Cavendish Square, 
the silver medal. 

To Mr. William Baker, for the best drawing from the 
antique, the silver medal. 

To Mr. Joseph Edwards, for the best model from the 
antique, the silver medal. 

The general assembly afterwards preceded to appoint 
officers for the ensuing year, when Sir Maitin Archer 
Shee was unanimously re-elected President. 

Council, New ii*/.— Thomas Uwins. Frederick Rich- 
ard Lee, William Wyon, Esq., and Sir Richard West- 
macott. 

0/d Xm/.— Abraham Cooper, Esq., Sir David Wilkie, 
Edward Hodges Baily, and Charles Lock £astlake,Esqrs. 

Visitors in the Life Academy, New List, — Thomas 
Uwins, William Hilton, Charles Robert Leslie, and 
William Mulready, Esqrs. 

Old iw/.— William Etty, Henry Howard, Richard 
Cook, Alfred Edward Chalon, and Edwin Landseer, 
Esqrs. 

Visitors in the School of Painting ^ New List.^ 
Henry Perronet Briggs, William Collins, William Etty, 
and Edwin Landseer, Esqrs. 

Old List. — William Hilton, George Jones, Joseph 
Mallord, William Turner, and William Mulready, Esqrs. 

Auditors Re-elected, — W. Mulready, J, M. W. 
Turner, Esqrs. and Sir Richard Westmacott. 

80CIBTT OF AKTS. 

On Tuesday Evening, Mr. Goddard delivered a lec- 
ture on the polarization of light; a new and powerful 
illustrative apparatus having been invented by the in- 
genious lecturer, and constructed for him by Mr. E. M. 
Clarke. The luminous figures were thrown on a muslin 
screen, and presented to the eye of the spectator as trans- 
parencies, beautiful illustrations of the laws of polariza- 
tion. The subject, however, is rather abstruse, and one 
on which a lecturer roust, with all the aids of improved 
apparatus, feel considerable difficulty in explaining 
familiarly and satisfactorily to a mixed audience. 

METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY. 

At the Monthly Meeting, on Tuesday Evening, Dr. 
Lee, F.ll.S., in the Chair, fourteen Professors of tbe 
scientific institutions of the United States, with four other 
scientific Professors of the Continent, were elected 
associate members. The principal subject of the various 
communications and journals was an account of the 
gales between the 26th of November and the drd of 
December, from which it appeared that the gale could 
be satisfactorily traced to the south of the Island of 
Jamaica, in the West Indies, about the 17th of Septem- 
ber. From hence it passed over the Bahama Islands, 
where it did considerable damage, and laid waste a great 
many of the plantations. From the Bahamas it took a 
north -easteily direction across the Atlantic, and reached 
Truro on the 26th of November at noon* It here con- 



1 



48 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



tinued to blow a hard gale all night, which on the 27th 
increased to a perfect hurricane. In Ireland its effects 
were of a frightful character, and in the bay of Dublin, 
on the 28th, the barometer indicated 27,60 inches, the 
lowest on record for many years ^t that place. The 
storm reached London on the 28th, and was attended in 
the whole of its track with much thunder and vivid light- 
ning, and in some places with great falls of rain. After 
it had left England the storm seems soon to have ex- 
pended itself upon the Continent. A paper was read 
from Mr. J. G. fatem on the subject of the easterly wind 
abating with the declining sun, and on the increase of 
the wind in rivers just before high water, denominated by 
sailors ** high water squalls \** and a second communica- 
tion from the same author, on a luminous arch and Au- 
rora borealis seen at High Wycombe on the 16th of Sep- 
tember last. There were exhibited, from a member at 
Norwich, p^anft of three new anemometers for measuring 
the force and velocity of the wind, with its direction at 
any given period. Adjourned to the 8th of January. 

MEDICO-BOTANICAL SOCIETY. 

At the ordinary meeting held on Thursday evening. 
Dr. Sigmond, F.L.S., in the chair, the Chairman an- 
nounced that at the next meeting in January, the Noble 
President, Earl Stanhope, would resume the chair for 
the session. Mr. C. Johnson, the Professor of Botany, 
delivered a lecture on the particular distinctions of the 
plants used in food and medicine. He gave it as his 
opinion, that it might almost be taken as a general rule, 
that in proportion as cultivation improved the nutrition 
of the plant for food, so did it deteriorate its medical qua- 
lities. It is remarkable that a very large proportion of 
plants employed as food are not now known in a wild 
state, particularly the different varieties of corn which 
have followed man in his migrations, and are only met 
with undei the hands of the cultivators. Dr. Sigmond 
next exhibited a sample of tea grown in our newly-ac- 
quired provinces of Assam, sent by the Secretary of the 
Board of Control ; two importations of which have re- 
cently been made by the East India Company. Although 
the taste and aroma were not equal to those of the Chi. 
nese varieties, there was litilc doubt that when the culti- 
vation and mode of preparation should be improved, the 
supply of tea from India would supersede that from 
China. Adjourned to January 18. 

ROYAL SOCIETY. 
An ordinary meeting was held on Thursday evening, 
the Marquis of Northampton, President, in the chair. 
Presents were announced from Sir James Macgregor, 
Sir A. Cariisle, Lieut. Stratford, Professor Dessault, of 
Berlin, and from the Royal Academy of Stockholm. 
The Rev. Dr. Moselcy and R. Hey wood, Esq., were 
proposed as members. A paper was then read from Dr. 
Faraday, being the results of his recent examinations on 
a living specimen of the gyranotus, in the Gallery of 
Practical Science. The author had fully come to the 
opinion that its electrical power was identical with com- 
mon electricity, though more rapidly developed. The 
animal was caught in March, 1838, and did not begin 
to feed until last October, when it derived nutriment 
from some blood placed in the vessel of water in which 
it was contained ; now, however, it devours one fish 
daily. In the experiments copper cylinders were used, 
wrapped in caoutchouc, so that the c restore might be 
properly insulated, the galvanometer being used as a 
test of accuracy. The result was, that whilst the hinder 
parts were negatively electrified, the head and neck were 
posttively so ;°and a series of electric sparks, as well as 
an elevation of temperature, were elicited. Indeed, the 
degree and frequency of the shocks were such as to ren- 
der them of a higher power than those obtainable from 
the galvanic battery: Adjourned till January. 



TO SUBSCRIBERS & CORRESPONDENTS. 

Ergo*s letter refers to an error of the press, at page 
27, in our last. In the closing paragraph ot the 
article on Lord Mahon's " History of England,'" we 
mentioned ** six fine engravings of the Stuart Medals, 
on Betts's patent Anagalyptagraph principle." It 
should have been " Bates's." We regret the mis- 
take, and promptly make the correction ; and, at the 
same time, we unhesitatingly pronounce Bates's 
principle of medallic engraving superior in accuracy, 
and consequently in value, to the French process. 

We are much obliged by the attention of E. B., 
but we do not feel that the appearance of his commu- 
nication would be in accordance with the spirit of the 
Aldine Magazine. 

J. II. P. P. will perceive that we do not hold him 
lightly. At present, however, we have so vast a 
mass of important material on our table, that we find 
it impossible for us to avail ourselves of his kindly- 
proffered services in the manner suggested. His 
poetical &TOurs appear more suitable for the pages of 
an exclusively religious publication than for those of a 
literary miscellany. 

** The Aldine Triumvirate'* is again unavoid- 
ably deferred. 



BOOKS JUST PUBLISHED. 

Gladstone on the Church in its relation with the State. 8vo., 
9s. 6d... Soame's Elizabethan Religious History, 8vo., l6s. do. 
.. Ferf^us's Readings in Natural Theologry, f .c. 8vo. 4s. doth.. 
Hodgson's Considerations on Phrenology* post 8vo. 5s, 6d. do. 
. . Sparks's Life and Times of Washington, 2 vols. 8vo. 28s. do. 
..Works of Robert Hall, edited by O. Gregory, voL 1, f.c. 6to. 
5s. cloth. . Wilberforce*s Practical View, with Essay, by Bishop 
Wilson, 8vo. Is. 4d. sewed. . Abercrombie on the Moral FeeUngi 
5s. cloth . . Molesworth's Domestic Chaplain, vol. 2, 8vo. 
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Tremaine, 3 vols, post 8vo. sis. 6d. cloth.. . The Hagueqot, by 
G. P. R. James, 3 vols, post 8vo. 318. 6d. bds.. .. Meoioirs of 
Charles Mathews, by Mrs. Mathews, 2 vols. 8vo. 2S«. cloth. . 
Illustrations of the Public Buildings of Londrm, Pugin and 
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Leonard's Short Hand for the People, l2mo. 3s. 6d. cloth.. 
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Davy on Artificial Foundations, Pt. 1. 8vo. 12s. cloth. . Herd- 
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Own Butler, roy. l8mo. 5s. boards.. Dufty's Land Calculator, 
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The Post-office London Directory for 1839. Os. 6d. doth 



LoKPOX : Printed by Joseph Masters, 33, Alderngate Street Publlshed^ev«ySat^ ,3 t^^, 

"* " ' noflter Bow, by WUliMn West, and lold by «U BookscUer* and Newtvenden, 



THE 



ALDINE MAGAZINE 



OF 



Bioffrapftp, $ftIiograpI)p, Cnticfem, urUi tf)t artsf. 



Vol. I. No. 4. 



DECEMBER 22, 1838. 



Price 3d. 



For the Accommodation of Subscribers in the Conntry, and Abroad, the Weekly Numbers of The Aldine Magazine are 
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THE RAILROADS. 



•* The Club prescribe a railroad ride 

To such as are bent on marriages ; 
If they're looking for sweet, *tis like they'll meet 
A jam between two carriages.'' 

Prbssbd as we are tbis week for room, we feel 
it due to tbe interests of science, and to tbe 
interest and welfare of tbe community, to say 
one word against tbe crying and daily increas- 
ing nuisance of tbe Railroads. Tbere is notbing 
that more imperatively demands tbe immediate 
and energetic attention of tbe Legislature. The 
monthly, weekly, and almost daily loss of life 
upon these roads is frightful. Such calamities 
may be of slight import to brother Jonathan, 
vho seems to have no more respect for human 
life than be has for human reputation ; but they 
are not to be tolerated by John Bull — at least, 
they will not long be tolerated. 

Independently of the loss of life which they 
occasion, tbe Railroads are so many direct 
frauds upon tbe public. Witness tbe Birming- 
ham Railway, the passenger's fare by which is 
fMre than it used to be by coach ; and this in 
the very teeth of the plea upon which the pro- 
jectors originally obtained their Bill from Par- 
liament. Nothing but time is saved by tbis 
mode of conveyance, and not much of that. 
Ilie distance to Birmingham is not more than 
one hundred miles by the Railway line : the 
average speed upon a Railway ought to be at 
least twenty-five miles an hour ; consequently 
the entire journey should be' performed with- 
in four hours. Instead of this, however, the 
distance is seldom completed in less than six or 
•even hours (sometimes eight or nine) averag- 
mg; not more than fifteen or seventeen miles 
tahour. 

For a time, the Railway people, by driving 
the coaches off the roads, have secured a mono- 
poly. The horses have been sold — at a heavy 
low, no doubt — dispersed over tbe kingdom — 
and cannot easily be collected again. 

Yet we are glad to find that they will be col- 
lected ; and that stage-coach companies are 



VOL, X. HO. IV. 



now forming, on several of the great roads, to 
run at a low rate. If so, they will be certain 
of success, despite tbe proprietors of the un- 
scientifically constructed, grossly defective, atid 
barbarously dangerous railways. 

llie defects of those roads are glaring, even 
to the observance of a child on his first sight 
of one of them. As a well-known engineer 
has pronounced them to be, the railroads are, 
in their construction, a disgrace to the age and 
to the country. Independently of their unsound- 
ness of construction, the rails are not level — 
tbe two lines are not upon the same level — nor 
is either line rectilinear for fifty yards together. 
Hence the violence of motion on tbe road — 
hence the danger — Whence the origin of most of 
tbe accidents, by the reports of which our feel- 
ings are daily agonized. 

If something be not promptly achieved in 
its favour — if the united aid of science and the 
legislature be notcalledforth — ^the whole system 
must speedily destroy itself, even by its own 
impotence. Independently of tbis, we have 
not a doubt that, ere many years shall have 
passed, it will be superseded by a new, a 
cheaper, more simple, more easily manageable, 
and yet far more powerful agent than steam. 

In the interim, we urge tbe formation of 
stage-coach companies — more particularly of 
steam-carriage companies, for turnpike roads — 
or, what would be better, for stone tramways.* 
Maceroni's steam carriage vnUl go sixteen or 
eighteen miles an hour on a common turnpike 
road, a speed nearly if not quite equal to the 
average speed of the trains on many of the rail- 
ways. 

Whilst these efforts may be in progress, it is 
the bounden duty of the Legislature to extend 
its protection to the lives and purses of her 
Majesty's subjects, in defiance of hordes of 
reckless and unprincipled speculators. 



• We are happy to find that several hills batweeii 
London and Birmingham have within the last twelve 
months been considerably lowered, valleys raised, and 
trains laid down. 



London : Piinted by /• MAfXSMr 38> Aldengate Strwt. 



50 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 




LETTERS TO MY SON AT ROME. 



LETTER rV. 

LIBERALITY AND ILLIBERALITY OF 
BOOKSELLERS. 

[It is probable that many of the anecdotes in the fol- 
lowing Letter may be familiar to the elder classes of 
the reading public; but to most of the younger, 
it is presumed, they will be found to possess the 
charm of novelty.] 

Aldine Chambers, Paternoster Uow, 
London, Dec. 15, 1838. 

Mt DBAS BOK, 

The calamities, complaints, and quarrels, 
of Author and Booksellbr, are almost co- 
eyal with Printing itself. Were I to trace or 
go through the catalogue or chapter of acci- 
dents that have befallen each, I believe that 
the misfortunes and fate of the latter, including 
suicides, would preponderate even in my time. 
As I journey through my correspondence 
with you, I shall have to combat many charges 
of illiberality made against Booksellers towards 
Authors. This can perhaps only be rebutted 
by producing instances of great liberality, or 
rather causes for the want of patronage not in 
the power of the Bookseller to command, or 
that time and circumstances would not war- 
rant. Besides, these objects must be governed 
by the taste of the wealthy, and of the pubhc 
generally, or the bookseller would be generous 
ere he could be just. 

The want of patronage to Milton, the neg- 
lect of BuTLBR, and the fate of Otwat, Sa- 
vage, Chatterton, and numberless others 
have been a theme so long, and so often 
dwelt upon, that it is unnecessary for me to 
travel over the same ground except by way of 
illustration. 

The truth is — almost every author considers 
himself a man of talent, whether patronage,, the 
public taste, or the times, bear him out or 
otherwise. 

As an instance of this, it is upon record, that 
"A poor vicar, in a remote diocese, had on 
some popular occasion, preached a sermon ac- 
ceptable to his parishioners, that they entreated 
him to print it, and he undertook a journey to 
London for the purpose. On his arrival in 
tovm, he was recommended to the late Mr. 
Rivington, (the elder Mr. Charles Rivington 
referred to in my account of that family, in the 
last mmiber of the Aldine Magazine) to whom 
he triumphantly related the object of his jour- 
ney. The bookseller agreed to the propo- 
sals, and required to know how many copies he 
would choose to have struck oflf. * Why sir,' 



returned the clergyman, * I have calculated 
that there are in the kingdom ten thousand 
parishes, and that each parish will at least take 
one, and others more ; so that I think we may 
venture to print about thirty-five or thirty-six 
thousand copies.' 

The bookseller remonstrated, the author in- 
sisted, and the matter was settled, and the re- 
verend author departed in high spirits to his 
home. 

With much difficulty and great self-denial, 
a period of about two months was suffered to 
pass, when his golden visions so tormented his 
imagination, that he could endure it no longer, 
and accordingly wrote to Mr. Rivington, de- 
siring him to send the debtor and creditor ac- 
count, most liberally permitting the remittances 
to be forwarded at Mr. R's. convenience. 
Judge of the astonishment, tribulation, and 
anguish, excited by the receipt of the following 
account. 

The Rev. Dr. *♦♦• 

To C. Rivington, Dr. 
To Printing and Paper 35,000 Copies of 

Sermon 785 5 6 

By the sale of seventeen Copies of said 

Sermon ••*.•• 



Balance due to C. Rivington 



15 6 
764 



The bookseller, however, in a day or two, 
sent a letter to the following purport :•— 

Rev. Sir— 

** I beg pardon for innocently amusing myself 
at your expense, but you need not give yourself any 
uneasiness. I knew better than you could do, the ex- 
tent of the sale of single sermons, and accordingly 
printed but one hundred copies, to the expense of 
which you are heartily welcome." 

Formerly literature and the fine arts solely 
depended on the patronage of kings, princes, 
and the nobility. Foi^tunately in the present 
day, the fulsome flattery of dedications to high 
quarters, and the useless appeals to the great, 
and subscriptions in adyance are not resorted 
to. If they even were they would produce 
little effect. 

Burke says in a letter to a friend, " I don t 
think there is so much respect paid to a man of 
letters on this side the water as you imagine. 
I don't find that genius, the • rath primrose, 
which forsaken dies,' is patronized by any of the 
nobility, so that writers of the first talent are 
left to the capricious patronage of the public 
Notwithstanding this discouragement, literature 
is cultivated in a high degree. Poetry raises h.& 
enchanting voice to heaven, and history arrests 
the wings of time in his flight to the gulph of 
oblivion." 

As a proof that Burke was correct, Gibbofli 



tnn AL&INS MA&AZINE. 



51 



•irji'iiiT I Ti-ii it If 



QMtii Hulne, Kt^bertSoti ftnd Other (gelebtnted 
Mstotiaiis, did liOt sticetinib of look tip to toy- 
ilty at the nobility fot ptttronage or protection. 
No, they placed themselves under the protection 
(md lihetality of their bookseller, who relied 
Upon the general tttste of the pnblic, and the ire- 
snlt waSi that Dr. Robertson iiltimately vreceired 
a sum Utde short of ten thousand pounds for 
luB Histories of Scotland, America, Charles the 
y.i and his disquisitions concerning India. 

Gihbon, OlUies, and Hume relied more upon 
tiie judgment of their booksellers than then- 
own. I once met Gillies at Mr. Dilly's in the 
Poultry, when he i^as in the prime of hfe. 
Hub was in 1796. He had the highest regard 
for, and I believe, ftevet changed his bookseller 
(Mt. Cadell) for itoothet. 

Gibbon posseissed the i^ame feelings and it 
was perhaps near the spot where you are now 
itanding that he says, " he sat musing among 
^ rains of the Capitol oh the 1 5th of October> 
1764, while the bare-footed friars were singing 
vespers in the temple of Jupiter, that his first 
idea of writing the Decline and Fall of the Roman 
Empire e&tered his mind.*' I am therefore not 
torprised that you should anticipate Iny ex- 
peeta^oniS that you fthould in snch k place fe* 
ceive some inspiration as an artist, particnlarly 
when you reside in the very street wJiere the 
liousea and studios of Claudei Poussin, and Sal- 
Tatur Rdm, still remam-^-'-and where in the 
two formor you have sometimes divided your 
evenings ; this, added to the friendship and kind- 
ness of the^ venerable Tkorwaldsen, must in- 
deed be a source of great luxury to you, as 
painting and sculpture are so nearly allied. An 
oM friend of mine, who I regret died ere you 
wem bom, in speaking of the monuments in 
We^tmiaster Abb#y, remarks, " Some would 
insgine tha€ all these monuments were so 
atoy monuments of folly. I don't think so : 
(he continues) what useful lessons of mortality 
tod s<mnd philosophy do they not elhibit. 
When the high-bom beauty surveys her ftice in 
the pdished Parian» though dumb the marble, 
it telU her it was placed to guaid the remains 
of as fin# a fotm «md as fair a fieu;e as hdr own* 
*ft«y show besides how fliixious we are to ex- 
t*d ottt lotfea and friendship beyond the grave, 
tod to snatch as much as we can from the 
faljA of oldivion. Such is our natural love of 
iitoiartaility ; but it is hett thai tetters obtain 
^ noblest triumphs ; it is here that the swar- 
thy daughters of Cadmus may hang their tro- 
P^ on high ; for When all the pride of the 
^^ Mid the pomp of heraldry yield to the 
*teit touches of time, a single line, a half 

^wtt-ont inscription, remain faithful to their 
tnat" 



Well, I have been chatting to you on inani* 
mate subjects — as you say every thing about 
you, animate or inanimate, is interesting — 
let me now (as I am aware that you are a phi' 
losopher without knoUnng it) turn to the former, 
in the shape and towering visage of the Neapo- 
litim brunette^ who, with her graceful costume, 
you have so happily described. Well, proceed 
and prosper ; have wit enough to endeavour to 
rival your great namesake ; for recollect, that 
he ** ivho has not wit, by art or nature, must 
come of dull kindred." Therefore, let not Cupid 
wound you too soon, even with the longest of 
his golden-headed arrows ; for improvement 
sometimes ceases when he commences his ca- 
reer. 

After this digression allow me to return to 
Gibbon, who in his own life says — ** The 
volume of my history, which had been some- 
what delayed by the novelty and tumult of a 
first session, was now ready for the press. Af- 
ter the perilous adventure had been declined by 
my friend, Mr. Elmsley, I agreed upon easy 
terms with Mr. Thomas Cadell, a respectable 
bookseller, and Mr. William Strahan, an emi- 
nent printer ; and they undertook the care and 
risk of the publication, which derived more 
credit from the name of the shop than from 
that of the author. The last revisal of the 
proofs was submitted to my vigilance; and 
many blemishes of style, which had been in- 
visible in the manuscript, were discovered and 
corrected in the printed sheet. So moderate 
were our hopes, that the original impression 
had been stinted to five hundred, till the num- 
ber was doubled by the prophetic taste of Mr. 
Strahan. The first impression was exhausted 
in a few days ; a second and third edition were 
scarcely adequate to the demand. My book 
was on every table, and almost on every toi- 
lette ; nor was the general voice disturbed by 
any barking critic." 

You will recollect that Gibbon's Decline and 
Fall of the Roman Empire eventually reached 
to six volumes in quarto, and to twelve volumes 
in octavo. It passed through so many editions 
as to enrich author, bookseller, and printei. 

I win now give you another instance of liv^e- 
rality, evinced by the same eminent bookseller 
and printer, in the case of Blair's Sermons. — 
" Dr. Hugh Blair transmitted the first volume 
of his Sermons to Mr. Strahan, the King's 
printer, who, after keeping it for some time, 
wrote a letter to him, discouraging the publica- 
tion. Such at first was the unpropitious state 
of one of the most successful theological books 
that has ever appeared. Mr. Strahan, however, 
had sent one of the Sermons to Dr. Johnson, 
for hit oj^on ; and after his uofavoumble letter 



5^ 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



to Dr. Blair had been. sent off, he receivedfrom 
Johnson on Christmas-eve, 1776, a note in 
which was the following paragraph : " I have 
read over Dr. Blair's first Sermon with more 
than approbation ; to say it is good, is to say 
too little." 

Mr. Strahan had, very soon after this time, 
a conversation with Dr. Johnson concerning 
them ; and then he very candidly wrote to Dr. 
Blair, enclosing Johnson's note, and agreeing 
to purchase the volume, for which he and Mr. 
Cadell gave one hundred pounds. The sale was 
so rapid and extensive, and the approbation 
of the public so high, that the proprietors 
made Dr. Blair a present, fir>.t of one sum and 
afterwards of another, of fifty pounds, thus 
voluntarily doubling the stipulated price ; and 
when he prepared another volume, they gave 
him at once, three hundred pounds, and for the 
other two ( the third and fourth volumes ) six 
hundred pounds each. A fifth volume was 
prepared by him for the prefs, and published 
after his death, in, 1801, to which is added a 
'* Short account of his life," by James Findlay- 
son, D.D. The Sermons that were contained 
in this last volume were composed at very diffe- 
rent periods of his life, but were all written 
out anew in his own hand, and in many parts 
re-composed during the course of the summer 
of 1800, after he had completed his eighty 
second year. 

I have been informed that the sum of nine 
hundred pounds was given for his fifth volume of 
these moral and deservedly popular discourses, 
from which Dr. Blair received upwards of two 
thousand pounds, I could eniynerate many 
similar instances of the HberaUty shewn to 
authors of celebrity, in proportion to the sale of 
their productions, two of which occurred with 
Oliver Goldsmith. — Tlie worthy Mr, John 
Newbery (of Tom Thumb's folio notoriety) gave 
him so large a sum for his Traveller, that the 
amiable Goldy (as Dr. Johnson used in kind- 
ness to call him) vranted to return half his pur- 
chase money, fearing his bookseller would be 
ruined. This of course was not accepted, but 
was honourable to both, 

A similar act of liberality occurred between 
Goldsmith and Griffin, (an eminent bookseller 
that formerly lived in Catherine Street in the 
Strand) with regard to the Deserted Village. 
It first appeared in a thin quarto pamphlet, 
with a neat vignette engraving of the Cattage 
and the Widowed Matron, *' who strip't the 
brook with mantling cresses spread :" 

" She only left, of all the harmless train, 
The sad historiaa of the peusive plain.'' 

T\n», with the great beauty of the poem^ 



caught the public taste at once. Grriffin gave 
fifty pounds first, but on the whole impression 
seUing in one day, he very liberally presented 
Goldsmith* with one hundred pounds more. 

Griffin was so respectably circumstanced 
that he received two hundred pounds as an 
apprentice fee (a large sum at that time) 
with the son of that great actress, Mrs. 
Barry, (wife to Spranger Barry, who built the 
Cork Theatre, said to be one of the best in Eu- 
rope, for conveying the voice to the audiepce.) 
This anecdote I had from Mr. Roe, I believe 
the oldest bookseller now in London : he knew 
Goldsmith, often took proof sheets to Dr. 
Johnson, and commenced business in 1786; so 
that he has been ^52 years in the trade. 

A worthy man died lately, Mr. James 
Ridgway, the bookseller, who had been a 
shop-keeper 54 years. I first knew him in 
York Street, behind St. James's Church. He 
jocosely told me he commenced opposite the 
church, but that now he was further removed 
from it than ever. — He was an amiable man. 

However, I must now conclude and turn to 
the arrangement of Chronology (one of the eyes 
of history,) and describe to you the establish- 
ment of Messrs. Longman and Co. which will 
be followed by others, in town and country, 
according to the original compact of. 

Yours, my dear Son, 
Ever affectionately. 

Ax Old Booesslleb. 



THE ALDINE TRIUMVIRATE. 

Aldus Manutius Romanus, whose eminent ■■ 
professional career we have already partially 
sketched,* married the daughter of Andrea d' | 
Asola, a Venetian, in partnership with -whom 
he idr some time carried on his professional \ 
labours. 

It is evident that Aldus was not fidendly to 
the employment of ornamented capitals for the 
commencement of chapters, or to the introduc- 
tion of vignette head and tail pieces. The 
Hypnerotomachia PoUphili, of the date 14S9, 
in folio, is the only production of his press that 
was so ornamented, and also illustrated widi ' 
wood cuts. Had he lived in our time, when 
the art of engraving in wood has attained a 
degree of excellence scarcely ever before im- 

* It is said that the Author of the " Good Natured 
Man,'» received in one year eighteen hundred pounds 
for his Literary labours ; and I imagine it was at this 
period, the Good Natured Man considered whether 
he should build a Ship, a Church, or an Hospital ! 

* Vide Page 2. 



THE ALDINE MAGA2IN 



agined, it is probable that his taat« would have 
experienced a change. 

It was Aldus who first introduced the prac- 
ttce of striking off some copies of an editii 
on finer, whiter, and better paper than the 
rest ; the first known instance of which was in 
the Epiatolx Gracm, in 1499. It was Aldus, 
also, who first published single copies on large 
paper, in the edition of Philostratus, in 150). 
And he printed the first impressions on blue 
p^wr, beginning with some copies of the Libri 
Ja Re Siutica, and Quintilian, both in 1514. 
The paper he used was invariably strong, and of 
fine colour ; and his ink was of excellent quality. 
Hia impressions on parchment were eminently 
beautiful. 

Notwithstanding the acknowledged super- 
iority of his paper and print, his prices were 
lathei moderate than high. For instance, his 
Jrutotle, in five volumes folio, cost only eleven 

It appears that, in the early stages of the 
art of printing, " great complaints were made 
of the Sequent falsifications, pirating, and 
forgeries of literary works. This evil gave 
occasion to those privileges of impression which 
vere granted by kings, princes, and supreme 
pontiffs, in order to guarantee to the industrious 
printer the dne reward of his labour and enter- 
prise. But these diplomata were often found a 
very inadequate remedy for the injury. Fre- 
quently whole works wereclandeatinely reprinted 
in Mties or countries remote from the place of 
their first t4>pearance; and the author and 
original publisher were very often deirauded 
of their just advantages. Sometimes hooks 
vere reprinted in an abridged and mutilated 
fima ; and often with tittle attention to ac- 
raiacy, or to the credit and feelings of those 
authors or imitators whose names they bore. 
Sometimes the prices of obscure and worthless 
piiblicadoos were enhanced by a false date, 
r Bubscription ; for as the art was cul- 
rith Biq)erior accuracy in some cities of 
1 at Venice more especially, the names 
jlaces appearing in the title were often 
^Te superior sale and currency to the 
on. Whatever might be the original 
\ of such private and peculiar marks, 
, and devices, adapted by early prin- 
cr these literary frauds began to prevail, 
'iaxae so far useful, as to render such 
ess practicable. It was, however, by 
IS impracticable for one printer to coun- 
M device of another, in addition to the 
ttt assumption of bis name and deaig- 
A ludicrous instance is upon record 
an attempt, which betrayed itself like a 
'eit coin, by the clumsiness and inac- 



curacy of its exe< 
were so disingenu 
lar production of 
posed to pubhc ri 
Aldine Livy, 1511 
It cannot be m: 
of Venice should 
noxious to these 
iugly, Rcnouardht 
others of those pr 
with the Aldi, hi 
AnvhoT and Dolp 



such an advantaj 
mark itself, otben 
to it in appearanc 
disgraced themse 
The printers of I 
impudent forgeries 
any others ; and K 
memorial drawn, 
subject ; and publi 

Chiefly, as it ■ 
of public affairs, i 
to have issued fn 
year 1510 to 15li 
the latter year, th 
his own family, su 
by the death of 

m who had s] 
pense in promotin 
and of the typog 
equally prodigal o 
and whose pride 
sacrifice private to 

Here, again, w 



MEN, WOMEl 
THE WE 

Winter Quarter.— 1 
Night.— Christma 
the Yule Log,— C 
of Ancient Carols.' 
Holcraft Family. 
Flight of James 1 
of Guise. — Peace 
and Vasco di Cian 
Beddoes.— TLe Fi 
Isaac Newton and 
Christmas Boxes. 
Dr. Fothergill.— : 
phy the Dramatist 
holy liinocenls.— 



What is called 
lences this day, tl 
■e been otherwise 



^ 



64 



THE ALDINB MAOAZINB, 



of winter, we should have been duly apprised 
of it by the attention of the " Waits." Tber» 
is no doubt, we beUeve, that the Waits origi- 
nated in honour of the heavenly visitation ; c^ 
most sweet it is to be awal^^d in luglit's dead 
hour by the gentle strains of soft, and sweet, 
and far-off music. Ah ! 



it 



If such holy song 



Enwrap our fancy long, 
Time will run back and fetch the age of gold ; 
And speckled Vanity 
Will sicken soon and die, 
And leprous Sin will melt from earthly mould i 

And Hell itself will pass away, 
And leave her dolorous mansions to the peering 
day !" 

Reasant also at the close of the dying strain, 
to hear the minstrels exclaim — '' God bless you, 
my masters and mistresses; a merry Christ- 
mas to you, and a happy new year I" 

And Christmas is indeed/' coming — ^witb 
lightning speed will again be with us ! On the 
thousand-and-one rites, ceremonies, and su- 
perstitions, traditions, customs, sports, &c., 
by which Christmas has, for nearly 2000 years, 
been celebrated, it would be a work of supere- 
rogation to enlarge ; without further research, 
they may be found amply detailed and illus-* 
trated in the pages of Bourne, Brand, Brady, 
and Hone, to which, upon these occasions, as 
there is nothing new to be offered, it is hardly 
possible not to be indebted. For instance, al- 
most every one knows that, on the eve or vigil 
of Christmas (Monday next) our ancestors were 
accustomed to light candles of an enormous 
size, called Christmas candles ; and to pla^e a 
log of wood upon the. fire, called a Yule log, of 
C^stmas block, to illuminate the house, and, 
as it were, to turn night into day. This cus- 
tom is still kept up in many parts of England. 
Snmebody has justly remarked that, on 
the Continent, the custom of ca.rolling at 
Christmas is almost universal. During the last 
days of Advent, Calabrian minstrels enter 
Rome, and are to be seen in every street sa- 
luting the shrines of the Virgin mother with 
their wild music under the traditional notice of 
charming her pains on the approaching Christ- 
mas. Lady Morgan observed them frequently 
stopping at the door of a carpenter. In answer 
to questions concerning this, the workmen who 
stood at the door said that it was done out of 
respect for St. Joseph. 

In Ireland, the custom of singing carols at 
Christmas prevails to the present time ; but in 
Scotland, where no church feasts have been 
held since the days of John Knox, the practice 
is forgotten. In Wales, it is still maintained 
to perhaps a greater extent than in England. 



At former periods the Weloh b»d o&ioli a^liq^ 
to most of the ecclesiastic^ festivalp, aad to the 
four seasons of the year; but noyr tb^y fire 
limited to that of C}iristmas. "^oui or fivp 
years ^go, Gilbert Daviei, l^sq*, form^ly Pn|p 
sideAt of the Royal Society, pu))l]uih»4 ** ^ht 
Ancient Cbriatmap Carols/' widi tbfi touts ta 
wbioh they were formerly suag i^ th^ west of 
England. Tb9 subjoined extract i« from ft 
§ftf ol, gall^4 XhvM (in^ Ifi^arus ;•. 



*^ As it fell out, upon a day. 
Rich Dives sioken^d and ditd, 
There came two serpents out of bell 
His soul therein to guide. 

*^ Rise up, rise up, brother Dives, 
And come along with me, 
For y^'ve a place provided in hell* 
To sit upon s( terpenff ki^^^* 

Timperiey remarks that " the idea of sitting 
on the knee was perhaps conveyed to the poef$ 
mind by old wood-cut represejatations of La- 
zarus seated in Abraham's lap. More anciently 
Abraham was frequently drawn holding him up 
by the sides, to be seen by Dives in hell. In a 
work entitled Postilla Guillermi, 4to, Basil, 
1491, they are so represented, with the addi- 
tion of a devil blowing the fire under Dives 
with a pair of bellows." 

More rational, if less carious, is t}^e follow- 
ing stanza of a carol for Christmas, literally 
translated from a WelBh book, entitled Ljffyr 
Carolan, or the Book of Carols. It is said to 
have be^n written by Hugh Morris, ^ eele- 
forated song- writer durinj^ the commonwedth, 
and until the early part of the reign of Wil- 
Uam III. 

^' To a saiat let us not pray> to a pope let us not kn^ » 
On Jesu let u$ depend, and let us discreetly wstcb 
To preserve our souls fi-oni Satan with his snares ; 
Let us not in a morning invoke any one else/' 

In modem times, UQ one has mpre felicitously 
sketched the domestic agrhfiens of. Christmas 
tha^ Leigh JElunt, in his London Journal. 

** A Christmas day, to be perfeet, should be clear 
and cold, with holly branches in berry, a blazing fire, 
a dinner, with miope pies, and games and forfeits in 
the evening. You cannot have it in perfection if you 
are very fine ^nd fashionable. Neither, alas 1 can it 
be enjoyed by the very poor; so that, :n fact, a per- 
fect Christmas is impossible to be had till the pro- 
gress of things has distributed comfort more equally. 
But when we do our best, we are privileged to enjoy 
our utmost ; and charity giv^s us a right to hope. 
The completest enjoyer of Christmas (next to a lover 
who has to receive forfieits from his mistress) is the 
holiday schoolboy, who springs up early, like a bird, 
darting hither and thither out of sheer delight; thinks 
of his mince pies half the morning ; has too raueh of 
them when they come ; (pardon him this ooee!) 
roasts chesQuts and cuts apples, hatf the wtmg; ^ 



> 



THE ALDINB MAGAZINB. 



U 



congdfn^ of his iipw silver in his pocket ; and laughs 
at e?eiy piece of mirth with a loudness that rises 
above every other noise. Next day what a peg-top 
will he not buy ! what string 1 what nuts ! what gin- 
gerbread ! And he will have a new clasp-knife, and 
pay three times too much for it. Sour oranges also 
will be suc|£, squeezing their cheeks into his own with 
staring eyes ; and his moUier will tell him they are 
Q<H good for him — and le( bin) go on. 

^ A Christmas evening should^ if possible, finish 
with music. It carries off the excitement without 
abruptness, and sheds a repose over the conclusion of 
eojoyment/' 

** Welcome the midnight minstreFs lay, 
That simple rustic prayer, 
That, like the fabled elfin fay, 
Steals lightly through the air." 

fiut we must not for ever listen to the voice 
of the charmer, pharm he ^ver so wisely. — Tho- 
mas Holcroft, the dramatist, was bom on the 
22nd of JDecember, 1744. As a self-taught 
}, Holered was a very extraordinary man. 
kg from one of the lowest stations in life. 

It of helper, in a stable, he obtained an ele- 
rank in dramatic literature. For more 
than thirty productions, some of which are even 
now stock pieces, is the modem stage indebted 
to his pen. As an .assiduous labourer in the 
field of |i07el i^d romance, Holcroft greatly 
distinguished himself: witness his " Alwjni, or 
ihe Gentleman Player ;" " Anna St. Ives ;*' 
" Hugh Trevor," &c, IJe yras al^o the trans- 
lator of in^i^y valuable works from the French 
aod German. His stiU-surviving daughter, 
Fanny> is well known for her musical talent as 
a teacher, and also as the author and trans- 
lator of several interesting works of fiction. 
One of his sons, inheriting the genius of the 
parent stock, has been many years extensively 
engageji in thQ metropolitan press. Holcroft 
died in 1809. His third wife, daughter of 
liouig Sebastian Mercier, author of the cele- 
brated Tableau de Paris, and many other works 
of note, is still living as the wife of Kenny, the 
dramatist.* 

* Mercier was born at Paris in 1740. He com- 
menced his literary career as a poet ; but, renouncing 
poetry for criticism, he attacked the reputation of 
Comeille, Racine, and Voltaire in his Essai sur I* Art 
Bramatique, and published a violent philippic against 
the players for not paying attention to his remarks. 
Returning from Switzerland, where he had been re- 
siding for some years, he, at the commencement of 
tb^ French revolution, declared himself ^^ a friend to 
ty ;'* and, in concert with Carra, he published 
Annates PolUiques, and Chronique de Mois, two 
lis spirited yet moderate in tone. He was a 
kber of the Institute at its first formation. He 
also a member of the National Convention, and 
for the detention instead of the death of Louis 
Mercier died in 1814. — Vide MAUM0£a's 
UmI Treati^n/, 



Dr. William Hide WoUaston, one of the 
most eminent chemists and experimentalists of 
modem times, has been dead ten years this day, 
the 32nd of December. Amongst his numerous 
inventions was the camera ludda. Dr. WoUas- 
ton (who (lied at the age of sixty-two) was the 
great grandson of William WoUaJston, an ethical 
and theological writer of the seventeenth cen- 
tury. 

It will be 150 years ago to-morrow (the 
23rd) since James II. fled from Rochester to 
France, expelled, as it were, by the Whigs — 
hurled from his throne, and condemned, he 
and his posterity, to perpetual exile and politi- 
cal annihilation, for his adherence to that form 
of religion which many amongst us of the pre- 
sent day are directly and indirectly straining 
every nerve to restore. 

Exactly 1 00 years before the flight of James 
II. on the 23rd of December, 1 588. Henry of 
Loraine, eldest sun of Francis, Duke of Guise, 
was assassinated as he was entering the council 
chamber at filois. Thus was his plan for de- 
throning King Henty the III. of France de- 
feated. 

Christmas-Eve ( the 24th ) is a day of many 
incidental remembrances. It will be four-and- 
twenty years ago on that day, since the termi- 
nation of our last contest with the United 
States of America ; Robin Hood will then have 
been dead 581 years ; and Vasco di Gama, the 
illustrious Portuguese navigator, 313. Bishop 
Warburton, author of " The Divine Legation of 
Moses,*' and many other eminent theological 
writings, was born on the 24th of December, 
1698; and Dr. Beddoes died on that day, in 
1808. 

Clovis, the flrst Christian king of France, was 
crowned on Christmas Day, 1642 ; 196 years 
ago. Christmas Day, 1642, gave birth to Sir 
Isaac Newton; and on Christmas Day, 1676, 
died Sir Mathew Hale. Of the former. Dr. 
John North, who succeeded Dr. Barrow in the 
mastership of Trinity College, used to say 
that he believed he would have killed him- 
self with study, if he had not wrought with his 
hands in making experiments. Sir Mathew 
Hale is said to have been without exception, the 
most impartial disposer of justice of any of his 
contemporaries. 

** Boxing Day," as the festival of St, Ste- 
phen, held on the day after Christmas Day, 
is a busy and a merry day with the apprentices, 
and with many others ; the parish boys, the 
beUman, the watchman, the postman, the 
dustman, the church-band, &c. who keep a 
sharp look out for annual presents on that day. 
The custom of gifts at Christmas, and on 
New Year's Day, is very ancient, having been 



ALDIXE MAGAZIKIL 

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(lUvs, (j'ri fcmu iiimi.'.wiat. hti aww^ta 
licijuooj. TiuuniuBiiis. '«■ 'Hiuiai. an^bii- 
liiiMi. •' I'hKV was. iivnnuiK 'Onnt^i, W 



B MAOAZI 



gree interest 
would be a 
tedious and v 
to enter into 
purpoae, on ■ 
little more t 
paasi^^ea fron 
indiTidual int 
The first p 
pages, is aut 
posed, IB esq 
Mte. Mathew 



t 
loe Liyceum. we muse comess max y/e anouid 
hm thought two Tolumes vould have been 
inffident for the gratification <^ any moderate 
q^Mtite, on such a aabject ; and few, we ap- 
pi^iend, will be of a different opinion after a 
perusal of the present portioa of the work. 

Mathews was a noble -spirited, fine-hearted, 
high-minded, honourable man as ever lived. 
Of this, all who knew Mathews were well as- 
iDTEd; but had there been any existent doubt 
u to the hot, the doubt would have been dis- 
pelled by the appearance of these volumes. 
Without the slightest deficiency of perspicacity, 
Mathews had a soul of the most open confidii^ 
nmpUcity ; firee from guile himself, he sus- 
pected not its existence in others; and the 
consequence was, that, in common with all 
gmeroos men, he was incessantly the prey of 
dengning scroundrels. To this unsuspecting 
hWality and benevolence of disposition must 
cbiefiy be ascribed the pecuniary difficulties 
iduch cast a shade over ^e declining portion 
.dm active and laborious life. Mathews neither 
drank nor gambled ; but, from a variety of inci- 
dental sinister events, beyond his power of 
cootioul, he never realized mtmey to llie extent 
dut was supposed ; his expenses were, in some 
KSpects, heavy ; the formation of his dramatic 
prture gallery, (now the property of the Gar- 
lick dub) cost b'"! much ; he was frank, libe- 
nl, sod generous in all his dealings ; superad- 
ded to which, he, from time to time, sustained 
cnormouB losses. No wonder, then, that he 
did not die rich. 
The general outline of Mathews's life — that 
was the son of a religious bookseller in the 
rand — that "he would be an actor" — that he 
t his paternal home — that, like most of the 
■tiiomc profeauon, he experienced a thousand 
otsitudes before substantia] success placed him 
Me want — all this, with much more, is so 
iU known by every person in the slightest de- 

' MetDOiis of Charles Mathews, Comedian. By 
in. Huhews. Vols. I. and II. Bvo. Bsntley. 



the 

the insertion 
letters by M 
In fact. Ma 
writer — ft^h 
That MaU 
couragement 
been some y 
evident from 
eccentric, y 
Wilkinson, ti 
note of com[ 
thews: — 

" To Mr. Mm 



3* time seeing 
that misfortunf 
to the possibij 

taining the lirsl 
I 'requested ti 
field, who was 
all tic stroke, s 
performance ; 
Hill that not a 

dian. If God 

nere to hear 
man), you woi 
applause at Hi 
you were to i 
Jarman would 
think the com] 
mistaken ; am 
Y' Rutidt, is 
Rundy they h 
As to Jabal fo 
nbich I grani 
you think I en 
my honour, ni 
pence ^ I ans 
me in the iao 
by such means 
(as fer as I tn 
actor, you mu! 
officer some ot 

pain I have su 
lines IS more i 
ot Frank. Y 



58 



THB AI«PIK9 MAQAZINfl. 



•9»< 



which sometiq^es 4of» woii4er9. Wish Smery bad 
been more open with you, I recomn^ended the shop, 
as suited to you and Mrs. M« ; but he said you were 
so stage-bitten it would only rex yott . I c^ only say. 
Stay and be happy, or, Go and be happy, and e? er 
be happy ; and wishing myself better, am y"* in gieat 
pai»f 

**fhf% WiLKivsoir/ 

We should certainly yield to the temptation 
to transcribe the account of Mathews's nrst in- 
terview with Tate Wilkinson, were It not for 
its length, and that it was given with far 
greater effect by Mathews Jmnself in one of his 
« At Home" entertainments. 

Previously to this event, and utterly without 
the 'means of providing for a wife, Mathews 
had married a young lady, the daughter of a 
deceased physician, Dr. Strong. The bride was 
no richer in this world's wealth than her hus- 
band ; but she was good and amiable, and so 
was Mathews ; and the yoimg couple were at 
least as happy as, under such circumstances 
could reasonably be expected. The lady, bow- 
ever, after much suffering, died eariy. She 
was in the habit of intimacy with Miss Jackson 
(the second and present Mrs. Mathews) ; and, 
on her death-bed, she, with the most urgent 
prayers and entreaties, conjured he^ and her 
husband to marry. Than such an event, no- 
thing could at that time be more remotp from 
the idea of either. However, strange things 
do come to pass in this strange world. And we 
have mentioned the somewhat unusual solicita- 
tion for the purpose of introducing an account, 
though rather clumsily put together, of two re- 
markable dreams, or whatever they may be 
termed, whieh occurred simult^eously to the 
survivors. Mrs. Mathews writes as JbUows :^ 

''At the close of the summer a very remarkable 
instance occurred of a coincidence of dreams, befall- 
ing Mr. Matliews and myself, a circumstance which 
I am induced to relate, since it was attested by wit- 
nesses who severally and apart were informed of it, be- 
fore the dreamers bad power to communicate with 
eicb other, or their mutual friends. Mr. Mathews's 
account of his impressions was as follows : — He had 
gone to rest, after a very late night's performance at 
tlie theatre, finding himself too fatigued to sit up to his 
usual hour to read ; but after he was in bed he dis- 
covered — as will happen when persons attempt to 
8 eep before their accustomed time — that to close his 
eyes was an impossibility. He had no light, nor the 
means of getting one^ all the family being in bed ; 
but the night was not absolutely dark — it was only 
too dark ibr the purpose of reading : indeed every 
object was visible. Still he endeavoured to go to sleep, 
but his eyes refused to close, and in this state of rest- 
lessness he remained, when suddenly a slight rustling, 
as if of a hasty approach of something, induced him 
to turn his head to that side of the bed whence the 
noise seemed to proceed ; and there be clearly beheld 
the figure of his late wife, 'in her balnt as she lived' 



who, smiling sweetly upon him, put forth her hand 
as if to take his, as she bent forvi^aurd. This was all 
he could relate; for in shrinking from the contact 
with the figure he beheld, he threw himsdf out of 
bed upon the floor (where the Ml having alarmed his 
la^dloiid) be wa« found in one of those dreadful fits to 
which I have Eluded. On )^is recovery from it he re- 
lated the cause of th^ accident, and the whole of the 
following day he remained extrepaely ill, and unable 
to quit his room. There is nothing surorbing in all this; 
for, admitting it not to be a dream, oat one of those 
Gai«t called nightmare, so freauently experienced (when 
the sufierer always believes himself Under real infla- 
ences), it was pet apase to exoite astonishment. The 
circuiqstance which r^de)«d it remarkable, was that at 
the eji^ct bour when this scene was taking place at a re- 
mote distance, a vision of the same kind caused me to be 
d iscovered pjecisely ii) the fame situation . The same 
sleepless enect, the same cause of terror, had oceau 
sinned me to seise the belUrope, in order to summoB 
the people of the house, whicn, giving way at the mo- 
ment, I fell with it in my hand upon the ground. Uj 
impressions of this visitation (as I persisted it was) 
were exactly similar to those of Mr. Mathews. The 
parties with whom we resided at the time were per- 
fect strangers to each other, and living widely apart, 
and they recounted severally to those about them the 
extiaordinary drearo> for such I must call it, thoufnk 
my entire belief will never be shaken that I was ss 
perfect] v awake as at this moment. These persoos 
repeateq the story to many, before they were requested 
to meet and compare accounts ; there could, conse- 
quently, be no doubt of the facts, and the circum- 
stance became a matter of mueh general interest 
amongst all those who knew us. That the scene at 
the bedside of the dying woman sinaultaneously le. 
curred to the dreamers when awake, was natural 
e;)ovgh, and wa^ afterwards confessed^ How fiir the 
facts which I have here related tended to the serious 
result of our continued intimacy I vrill not determine ; 
but it is certain that neither of us regarded it as an im- 
pediment at a future period, or a just reason why we 
should not at last fulfil the desire of her whose wisbes 
were made known to us at a time when it would hate 
bee^) discreditable to both, had we supposed ourselves 
able to comply with it at any future period of our 
lives.*' 

The parting interview betwee Tate Wilkia- 
son and Mr. Matbews and (the preseat) Mrs. 
Mathews, where the letter was coming to Lon- 
don, on an engagement with Colman» at the 
Haymarket Theatre, was affecting : — 

" The manager was exceedingly ill, scarcely able 
indeed to bear the presence of any one ; and when 
Mr. Mathews expressed a hope that he wonid soon 
be better, he checked him, saying, 'Do not hope 
it ; it is unkind to wish me to live in pain, and un- 
able to fell enjoyment. No, my children ; I do not 
wish to live. I should like to stay over the August 
mce-week to see my old friend Fawcett, and bear 
how the audience receive their former favourite, and 
then I shall be content to die.' 

*' The dear old man then shook Mr. Mathews af- 
fectionately by the hand, calling back his < grand- 
child/ as be of^ called me, to kiss him once vaoKi 
and, as he prophetically said, ' for the last time/'' 



Ml, ^ 



THB ALDINE MAOAZ 



"ed Hucceaa in Loa- 
icquainted. 
econd volume, from 
extracts to make, 
igwer in mimicry, or 
aaBumption of chaf 
eat effect in his ap- 



e,bul 

H minutes after he had 
livered a. message — ' A 

of Mr. Mathews, had 
ng inquired at hlslodg- 
the present bouse, and 
itlance to see his friend, 

leave Liverpool again 

jged 'W' Pennyman' 
ve, by his card) to walk 

vas requested to remain 
r professed not to have 
marriage, and inquired 
present.' I waa then 
man from that moment 
;. In feet, Mr. Penny- 
cally in love with his 
; some alarm at his ec- 
, (an alarm ivhich the 
he hwt and hostess fell 
itled a peRon who was 
nnyman perceiving t}iis, 
icene; therefore, affecl- 
etum, he look his leave 
leing turned out of the 

: my husband, in pro- 
present eagerly assailed 
It had happened. He 
be person described, or 

Pennynian. After the 
is extra-ordinary man 
nd just as the subject 
!ws, viho had been for a 
!, as the last speaker, 
the rest of the party as 

been describint;! The 
bat of unullei^blesur- 
luies before ihey could 

id with increasingly 
variety of inatancea. 
ice prevents us from 
ites to this subject, 
of the most amusing 

plion of the character 
or," under which, by 
ties," he was shewn 
Woolwich Dockyard, 
lax. With hie iriend 
ixmovF ■ -How, that 



prince, thst 
and humou 
ploit, the I 
eurpaea in i 
effect, all tl 
could prodt: 

At page 
Ion, (thelal 
youthful, (1 
tifitl she w 
l^ve suffici 
but, as to 
going farti 
Mathews di 
always ^I'l 
tomy was a 

All the V 
off by IJsto 



But loeled 



ton, of the 
nights, who i 
ful perform a 
&c.; he will 
manner of D 
minutes, and 
ha will sing I 
with Lord C 
[he lale conQ 

Matthew 

sipnal tour 

" Mr, Ma 

don was elwi 



through a gli 
deeply in lov 
ingly to the 
person, witli 
be allowed 
host abrupti 
should want 
proportion ai 






)uld' 



then held o 
sulky tandit 

I he worth of 
chilitish bell 
landlord to s 
and walked 
Incledon, wi 



60 



TiHEE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



chief from a pocket of the carriage with some appear- 
ance of mystery, and deliberately placing it upon his 
knees with evident satisfaction, opened it, and re- 
vealed the coveted little loin of pork ! * Well,* said 
his friend coldly, *what, you prevailed at last; how 
did you manage to coax that surly fellow out of it V 
Incledon twinkled his eyes : — * Chailes Mathews,* 
said he wHh something of solemnity, * I did not pre- 
vail. My dear boy, the man was a brute. I offered 
him all the silver in my pocket. I had set my heart 
upon the thing, my dear Charles Mathews. I 
couldn*t have eat anything else, ray dear boy; so 
what do you think I did ? Don*t be angry, Charles 
(and here he looked like a child who knew he had 
done wrong, and dreaded the punishment for his 
fault,) don't be angry ; a man like yourself can have 
DO idea what I feel, who want little delicacies to keep 
up. my stamina My dear Charles, the man was un- 
feeling.' In this way did Incledon prepare his com- 
panion for the truth, and deprecated his wrath. The 
fact was, he had watched the landlord's absence, 
entered the larder unperceived, and bore away the 
tempting prize, leaving the already proffered double its 
value in its place." 

Another anecdote of Charley. 

" On one occasion, at Leicester, Mr. Incledon had 
agreed during their stay to play Steady in *The 
Quaker ;' but after he was advertised for it, he dis- 
covered that there was not a dress in * the stock' that 
he could wear. This was a great disappointment. 
Methods, however, were devised to vamp up some- 
thing like what it ought to be. But Incledon was 
miserable at the makeshift. In the course of the 
day he and Mr. Mathews were walking up the princi- 
pal street of the town, when they saw a comfortable 
plump-looking Quaker standing at the door of a che- 
mist's shop. The moment Mr. Incledon beheld him 
he began winking his eyes, (a nervous habit he had 
when pleased,) saying to Mr. Mathews, * Charles, 
my dear boy, do you see that Quaker there ? What 
a dress he has got on, hasn't he ? just my size !— 
I've a good mind, Charles, to ask him to lend it to 
me to-night.' — * Absurd !' said Mr. Mathews ; ' you 
would not think of such a thing?' — * My dear boy,' 
said Incledon, * only consider what a comfort it would 
he to me, instead of that trumpery suit from the ward- 
robe. I'll go in and ask him, Charles ; he looks like 
a good-natured creature.' Accordingly in he walked, 
inquiring of Obediah for several quack medicines. 
After some small purchases, he began, in his blandest 
manner and voice, to address the Quaker upon the 
real object he had in view : — 

" * My dear and respected sir,' — the man stared — 
* allow me to explain to you how I am situated, arid 
grant me a patient hearing.' The Quaker looked 
patience itself; and Mr. Mathews, curious to hear 
the result, kept his seat in the shop. 

"'My dear sir,' continued Mr. Incledon, *I am 
one of a class of men of whom, of course, your peculiar 
tenets cannot allow you to know much. In tact, I 
am of the theatrical profession — Char ks Incledon * 
of the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden, first ballad 
singer *in England.' (This was uttered with great 
emphasis and volubility, in Mr. Incledon 's peculiar 

* The manner in which he always pronounced his 
own name. 



dialect — that of Cornwall.) The Quaker started 
back, and looked at my husband, as if doubting the 
sanity of the person who addressed him. Incledon 
resumed. * I say, sir, I am an actor. I am thil 
night advertised at your — ^no, not your theatre — at the 
theatre in Leicester, for Steady y the Quaker ; and it 
so happens that there is no proper dress for the cha- 
racter, which is one highly complimentary toyoti^ 
people. Independently of the want of effect from i 
bad dress, I am trewly mortified to do discredit to ai 
respectable a body as yours. In fact, part ofmjf 
own family were of your persuasion, my dear sirj 
(the Ingleaons, of Cornwall, were originally Quakers), 
and this is an additional reason why I am anxious to 
do all possible honour to the revered Society (I 
Friends. In short, my worthy sir, without yonf 
humane assistance, I shall come before all the geDtiy 
of Leicester in a dress very degrading to the prover- j 
bial neatness of your sect. Will you lend me one 
of your suits ? — you and I are of a size ; and in so 
doing you will at once show the liberality of your 
character, and keep up the respectability of the ad- 
mirable body of people so deservedly esteemed by 
all the world, and by none more than Charles IngU- 
don r 

'*This speech staggered the chemist, who, after a; 
little hesitation, — to the surprise of my husband,— ' 
melted by Mr. Incledon's eloquence, not only lent 
a suit of clothes, but yielded to the persuasions of the I 
singer, to be put into a private comer, in order tbet ! 
he might be an unseen witness of the manner in whidt ; 
the stage upheld his persuasion." 

We cannot resist one more. 

" Mr. Incledon was exceedingly absent at times;! 
and during one of their journeys in a stage-coach, | 
he had been annoyed with wasps, the day being very 
hot. Mr. Mathews was amused, whenever one of 
these insects entered the coach, at his taking foe 
granted that, during a ride of forty miles, the same j 
insect had travelled with the coach for the express 1 
purpose of alarming him. He would exclaim— 
* There's that cursed wasp again !' trying (with many 
imprecations,) on each occasion to destroy it A 
gTave taciturn man, sitting opposite to them in the 
coach, seemed to look with great distaste upon Incle- 
don, whose habit of swearing evidently startled and 
disgusted him. He had, at the close of the day, 
fallen into a sound sleep. Incledon was still oeco' 
pied in evading the wasp, which had entered the ca^ 
ris^ once more, endeavouring on each occasion, 
when it alighted anywhere, to kill his persecutor. 
Intent upon his object, and engrossed by it, to the 
exclusion of every other recollection, he followed it 
about "with his eyes and hands : at last, the insect 
rested upon the face of the sleeping stranger, and 
Mr. Incledon, seeing fair scope and opportunity f<W 
his purpose, slapped his hand with most earnest 
violence upon the cheek of the sleeper, crying out as 
he did so, in a tone of triumph, * Ha, d — n you, I'w 
done for you now !' It may be imagined what effect 
this outrajfe had upon the unfortunate recipient ; and 
it required all Incledon's asseverations, and some 
additional oaths, to convince the stranger that he had 
not really intended to do for him" 

And yet another ! 

" He and Mr. Mathews were travelling on a very 



J 



marpl« 



THE ALDINE MAG 



day on the outside of a stage- 
di, soon aAer the dealh of Mr. Incledon's first 
5, lo whom he had been greatly attached. A ve^- 
sumptive looking man sat tiear hira, about whom 
. IncledoD's humane heart made him feel an in- 
s(, and he frequently spoke to him, inquired into 
biitory, and iaund that the poor mait was going 
:e to his friends to be nursed. IncleJon, nhea 
coach stopped, addressed the poor invalid for the 
lime, as followa. ' iVIy gnod man, we're going 
ave you. It's my opinion, my poor fellow, that 
're bespoke; you're now, 1 take it, as good as 
ly money to the undertaker. In fact, you're 
ied.—ao there, there's a seven-shilling piece for 
I, my good man ; and when you go to heaven, and 
my dear sainted Jane, pray tell her you saw me, 
1 that I'm well !' The poor creature slajeJ, and 
k \be money with a humble bow, but made no 
Ij lo this extraordinary address, which he doubtless 
ipoKd to come from a lunatic. 

[The character of Pope, the actor, aa a gour- 
' ' well known. He — 

"Hadagreat desire lo be introduced to Doctor 
ichener, who, having Hmongst other things, com- 
'" \ good cookery-book, inspired Mr. Pope with 
respect for him. He was strorgly impressed 
h Ihe idea, that the aulher's own 'feed' must be 
1 siipeilativB nature. At last the desired jntro- 
lion was accomplished; and it followed, from 
hospitable babits of the Doctor, ihst an invitation 
dinDtr was given to Mr. Pope. Several mutual 
•via were appointed lo meet mm, and expectation 
i on tiptoe for the feast. 

Uc, Pope was punctual, too punctual; for the 
cioi keeping a mere bachelor's establishment, the 
unls were unprepared for so early a guest, and 
had lo wait a long time before even the master of 
house was dressed for dinner. Mr. Fope'sappe- 
I »hich he bad starved for this great occasion, was 
I urgent. At last, the other guests arrived ; great 
Dup and goings to and fro below stairs gave ' note 
[*eparation.' If a man writa so well upon good 
Kgs, how perfect must be his practice, and how 
>Bite the reality t TTius reasoned Mr. Pope ; 
1 Bt last, ' Dinner's upon table 1" saluted his will- 
ears, and down the company went, 
"Now as every person (present, eicept the sfran- 
, knew the custom of the house, and that the Doc- 
neier aimed at any entertainment beyond that of 
food, the majority of his guests looked all 
inminient when the simple dishes were uncovered. 
I who shall describe the aslonishmenl of the ex- 
:t»nt epicure? -the fish was not the fish just in 
•on — the imitton was not tieniion — the side-dishes 
re vegetables, undisguised, barefaced vegetables 1 
ere was no second course; no persuasive ticklings 

r'ocalives of the palate, nothing in short, but 
be (bund requisite to a plain family meal I 
' decanters were filled merely with sherry and 
-not even a liqueur apologiied for the absence 
er wines. Pope was an embodied disappoiot- 
; he was not talk^itive, neither was he lUent, 
invariably refused the offirof plain food when- 
Iwas sent to him, with a peremptory ' No, I'll 
to the servant. It wai beyond all things 
ing to Mr. Mathews and his friends, who under- 
whatwu pasting inhii mind, to see Mr. Pope's 



laied to 
thinking 
table, ar 
lion fron 
of the d« 
syllable : 
he's the , 

This 



Mathew: 

that Mr. 
house (ii 
the table 
of carvii 
Mr. Pop 

K resent, 
e liked 



that the 
little rao 
finished 
dispiritei 



deli-ht I 
had inai 
placed I: 
touched, 
would j: 
Pope go 
the platf 

pari of tl 
All the 1 
selected. 



ipl in , 



1 



62 



THE ALDINE MAQAZlNfi. 



•'• — 



•'■rri-si j- 



skilfUl matiOBUvre bad so outdone all oaf preconcerted 
plans. He was wholly absorbed in his triumph, and 
quietly enjoyed the Aruits of it, while Mrs. Pope sat 
meekly eating some other delicacy, with all the self- 
complacency of a good wife, who had done her hus- 
band's biddings and secured his good humour for the 
rest of the day.'' 

Here is an amusing iUustration of the cha- 
racter of Irish beggars. 

" We were posting from Dublin to Limerick, and 
thence to Cork, and specimens of this race were in 
every town and village, in readiness to pounce upon 
the unwary traveller. I never saw any of them 
without remembering, I think, Footers wonder what 
English beggars did with their left-ofF clothes, which 
mystery was solved when he afterwards went to Ire- 
land, and saw the beggars there. Surely, nothing 
more squalid and filthy can be met with elsewhere ; 
but their wit and merriment even exceed their dirt. 
They are very apt to form themselves into partner- 
ships, so that four or five of a firm will assail you 
under the same interests, but with separate claims. 
Sometimes, indeed, they affect hostility with each 
other's aim, but in a friendly and good-humoured 
manner. Thus it happened with one party we fell in 
with — three women, by whom our sympathies were 
invoked in the following manner : — ' Ah 1 mv lady ! 
ah, your honour I have compassion on the bhnd, the 
lame, and the lazy* (?) * How's that?' said my hus- 
band. * Plaise your honour's glory, I am lame (as 
you see), this good woman's blind, and my daugh- 
ter's lazy.* * Well, well,' said he to whom this truly 
original appeal was made, and who began to be 
amused at this novel mode of application, expecting 
some further drollery from her — ' well, there*s a five- 
penny among vou, that is, if you'll divide it equally.' 
— * Oh ! sure,'^ answered the lazy, * it's no matter, — 
we*re all one family.'— ^^ Oh,' said the donor, * but I 
insist upon an equal division of the money in my 
presence, or I withdraw it.' — * And so there shall be, 
your honour, if you'll depind upon my vartue,* hold- 
ing out her hand. * Yes, yes, but I must see you do 
it.' — * And how, your honour, will I do it, seeing 
that it is impossible ?^ — * Very well, then, I shall not 
give it,' said Mr. Mathews (still anticipating amuse- 
ment from her ingenuity). Suddenly she seemed to 
have a thought, and with quickness asked, * Will 
your honour trust me with the five-penny to get 
changed V — * Well,* said he, after a short pause, * I 
tri//.' — ' God bless you for ever,' and away she ran 
into the inn. On her return, afler a minute's con- 
sideration, she placed three half-pence into each of 
the other women's hands, saying as she did so, 
'There's three-halfpence for i/ou, good woman — 
there's three-halfpence for you, good woman — and 
here's three-halfpence for we, good woman.' Then, 
looking for an instant perplexed at the remaining 
halfpenny, she suddenly darted into a little huxter's 
shop opposite to the inn, and as speedily returned 
with a pair of old scissors in one hand, and a bit of 
what is called pig-tail tobacco in the other, saying, 
as she measured it with her eye, and divided it, 
* There's one bit for you, good woman' — * there's one 
bit for you, good woman ; and here's one bit for me, 
good woman. Ah ! now, haven't I done it nately, 
your honour V ** 

Volume the Ist brings us down, as we have 



said, only to the year 1818, som6 time after 
poor Mathews's connexion with Arnold, at the 
Lyceum. We could willingly enlarge upon 
that abominable transaction (by which the 
manager is calculated to have realised 30,000/.), 
but we have already far exceeded bounds. 
However, we had no doubt about the character 
of Arnold, long, long before Mathews had any 
thing to do with him. The man has since 
fallen upon misfortune himself; therefore, if 
his conscience will allow him tb rest, we are 
not anxious to disturb his repose. 

We have only space enough left to allow qb 
to enumerate the embellishments of thesd 
volumes. 

A portrait — an inveterate likeness — of Math- 
ews, from a painting by Lonsdale ; — ^Harlowe'i 
celebrated quintuple picture of Mathews study- 
ing four of his own principal characters;— 
Mathews, as Lenitive in the Prize, as the 
*' Spanish Ambassador," as the Coachman in 
Hit or Miss, aad as the Old Scotch Lady r- 
and Portraits of George Colman and Tom IBIl 
— ^the latter, most excellent. 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS, &c. 



The Bihle Story Book. By Bourne Hall Draper. 

Third and fourth series. Darton and Clark. 
As enlarging its sphere of usefulness, it most be ex- 
ceedingly gratifying to the author of this volume, lo 
know that the second and third series df his **Bible 
Stories" have been " translated into the Italian lan- 
guage ; and that there are four editions, in French, 
circulating in France and Switzerland." That itraaf 
be equally successful, the present requires only to be 
known. 

We have always approvedthe interrogative system of 
education when properly applied. It is therefore 
with pleasure that we perceive Mr. Diraper has, to 
each of the stories before us, subjoined some quw 
tions for the exercise of his yotuhful readers. 



Pawsey^s Ladiet* Fashionable Repository for W^- 

Longman and Co. 
Decidedly the best provincial pocket-book for the 
fair sex, we happen to be acquainted with, l^ 
original compositions are good, its selections are good, 
its designs are good, its engravings are good. The 
tout ensemble reflects great credit on the manage- 
ment of its editor. Bird, the well-known Suffolk poet 
and one of the worthiest fellows that ever lived. 



Bon iWo^.— Whilst Evans the bookseller and a 
friend were talking once about pariah expenses, two 
beautiful young women were observed looking ont ^ 
an opposite window in an attic story. It must at »" 
events, Evans (said the friend*), be a pleasure to 
live, in your parish you have such handsome over* 



seers. 



* This friend was Megander Chdmsrs.'--1^' 



TH!B Al^dfNE MA&AZINi. 



6i 



THE THEATRES,. CONCERTS, &o. 

At the large theatres there is no further " progress" 
to "report" than that Mr. H. Phillips has — We Know 
Dot why nor wherefore — seceded from Drury Lane. 
No douht all is just now busy preparation for the 
holidays. 

Power 19 said to hare cleared nearly 4000/. by 
fifty four nights' performance in America. As was 
expected y he arrived in the Roscius, played at the 
Haymarket on Monday night, and has been playing 
erety night since — ^we need not add to crowded 
houses. 

Mr. and Mrs. Mathews, having dispatched their 
'■ hggsge in the Great Western, are expected to arrive 
' hj the Liverpool steamer. 

i Madame is said to have been very ill. At her 
flieatre (the Olympic) a new one-act burletta was 
produced on Monday evening, under the title of the 
JSurlmgton Arcade. As a local piece of foolery, with 
much extravagant bustle and fun, it may probably be 
indulged with a run through the holidays. 

At the Queen's Concert Rooms, on Tuesday 
eiauDg, Mr. G. A. KoUman gave a concert whidh 
I vas h<Mioured with a full and fashionable attendance. 
Hie chief object of this concert appears to have been 
the fiuniliarisation of the public witn the powers of a 
sew piano-forte, the invention of Mr. Kollman. The 
instrament possesses a bell-like clearness of tone, 
with great aepth, brilliancy, and power, and was 
much approved by the amateurs present. The tne- 
chanism is said to be . so constructed that the ham- 
men strike above the string Instead of below it, as it 
the old instruments. 

On Wednesday a morning concert, by the pupils 
of the Royal Academy of Music, was given at the 
Hanover Square Rooms. 

On the evening of Saturday last, at the ThiAtre de 
Is Renaissaneef Pans, Mile. Pauline Garcia, the sister 
ofthe lamented Malibran, made her dcb^t. All the 
sppointments of the scene were admirably brilliant 
ind effective. The debutante^ who was received with 
eothusiastic applause, sang three pieces— a grand 
sceoa of Costa's Malek-Adhel; an aria composed by 
M. de fieriot, and introduced by Malibran itito the 
Elimred*Amore; and lastly, the Trille du Diable, 
•nanged by Panseron from " Tartini*s Dre&m'' for 
the voice and violin. In the latter fantasia she was 
Sttompanied by M. De Beriot : Malle. Pauline 
had scarcely given the strange melodies which the 
Italian violinist fancied he heard performed by the 
peril, seated at the foot of his bed, when her brother- 
n-law had already executed them upon his instru- 
mcDt. Their marvellous ensemble drew forth shouts 
of applause, though it was, perhaps, in the allegro of 
fte grand scena that the acclamations elicited by poor 
Mana's sister seemed loudest and most unanimous. 

A Parisian writer observes, that Mile. Garcia has 
something of her sister in her features and toumure : 
her voice reminds us still more of our loss. She has 
<>>e of those extraordinary voices, partaking of the 
topcaDo and contralto ; but what is more valuable 
itul, she possesses to a rare degree the genius of song, 
>OQlt and inspiration. The blood of the Garcias runs 
u her veins : she is another scion of that famed and 
polific stock. Her roice has not all the iclat, all 
^ flexibilify which years and practice may impart 
^ it. It is said thiUshe has not simg for i^ve a 



year ptst j but already she touches and electrifies her 
hearers. Making allowanoe for the fascination of her 
name, it is certain that the impression she makes is 
great, and that it is produced by astonishing powers." 
On the evening of the 2nd inst. Charles Kemble's 
younger daughter, Adelaide, who some three or four 
seasons ago made a promising appearance or two in 
London, came out at the Grand Theatre at Venice. 
The members of the Vice-Regal Court, accompanied 
by the hereditary Grand Duke of Russia, with his 
brilliant and numerous suite, honoured the perform- 
ance with their presence. The opera selected was 
Bellini's Norma, in which Miss Kemble sustained 
the character giving the title of the opera; Adalgisa 
was suttained by Mdlle. Saglio, that of Pollione by 
Signor l*Asti^ and Orovefto by Signor Louisia. From 
her appearance on the stage the dtbutante was most 
flatteringly received, and soon evinced that talent as a 
vocalist and actress which report had previously as- 
cribed to her. Her " Casta diva** in the first act was 
enthusiastically applauded, and she was called for 
three times on the stage, ana the " Cabaletta*' encored. 
In the terzetto of the same act she was equally ap- 
plauded. In the second act she shone equally con- 
spicuous in the first scena ; and throughout the whole 
opera displayed so much talent in her acting and sing- 
ing as to ensure to her a complete triumph. Her 
voice is pronounced by competent judges to be ca- 
pacious, powerful, clear, and expressive, and her pro- 
nunciation of the Italian, free from the slightest 
defect. 



LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC 
SOCIETIES. 



tTATISTICAL BOCIBl'Yk 
On Monday evening, a full meeting of the members 
was held, G. R. Porter, Esq., F.R.S., in the chair. 
Numerous presents were announced, including the vari- 
008 statistical tables issued by the Govemnients of France 
and Austria. Members were elected to the number of 
twenty-eight, among them Sir James Walsham, the 
Hon. H. Dunlop, J. C. Cooke, Esq., M.P. A commu* 
nidation was read from R. Clay, Esq., M.P., on the 
criminal statistics of the manufacturing districts of Lan- 
cashire, particularly in reference to Preston. The num- 
ber of cnminal cases had increased during the last year, 
especially among the juvenile part of the population ^ 
whilst the re-committals were in the ratio df 1 1 per cent. 
The greater number were to be found among those whose 
edoeation had been neglected, who had been bred up 
amid habits of vice aiMl intoxication ; indeed, out of 
1,129 individuals, there were only eight who could read 
and write correctly. In the northen division of the 
county the number of cases was nearly double that of 
the southern, and full one half of them were the natural 
consequences of drunkenness. The paper concluded by 
urging the utility that would arise from establishing the 
silent or separate system in prisons, as a means of pre- 
venting relapses into crime. 

LINNBAN SOCIETY. 

The ordinary meeting was held on Tuesday evening, 
Edward Foster, Esq., V.P., in the chair. The first Pa- 
per read was a communication by Professor Don, on dif- 
ferent Indian species of iris, giving an account of seveial 
new and beautiful forms found on the north-west boun- 
daries of British India. Some of these varieties were 
analogous to species found in South Siberia, and types 
ef other epeciis were fonnd in th« Flora of this cowitiy- 



64 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



A letter was read from Mr. Kudge, of Abbey Manor 
House, Evesham, on the blossomiog of a rare plant, the 
cereos tetragonus. The plant was between nine and ten 
feet in height, and was twenty years old ; it iirst blos- 
somed in 1836, the flowers opening at sunset and shut- 
ting at sunrise. In the year 1837 it bore eight blooms, 
and this year 13 ; the petals were white slightly tinged 
on the base with green, the antlers and stigmas being 
yellow. A communication was also read from Mr Hogg 
on the river sponge, and the author concluded by ex- 
pressing his opinion on this recondite point of vegetable 
physiology, that the different varieties were propagated 
by seeds analogous to the algse. 

SOCIETY OF SCHOOLMASTERS. 

On Tuesday, a general meeting of the members of this 
society was held at the society's rooms, Lincoln's Inn 
fields, the Rev. Richard Edwards, A.M., in the chair. 
The report stated that the society was formed in 1798, 
for the benefit of masters of endowed and boarding 
schools. A chaiitable fund was attached to it for the 
relief of distressed subscribers, their widovi^s and orphans. 
During thirteen years 7.000/. had been distributed to 
forty families for claims that accrued, and 5,000/. in 
charitable donations. The funded property of the so- 
ciety amounted to 6,000/., and the annual expenses did 
not amount to 30/. It had derived great advantage 
from the patronage of his Royal Highness the Duke of 
Cambridge, and the exertions made at various times by 
his Royal brothel's. The report, in conclusion, stated 
that the society owed a great debt of gratitude to his late 
Majesty for his kindness and a yearly grant of fifty e^ui- 
neas. Sevei-al petitions were entertained and yanous 
sums given to applicants. 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 

On Thursday evening, a full meeting of the members 
was held at Somerset House, the Rev. Professor Whe- 
well, F.R.S., in the chair. The Rev. S. Wilberforce, 
of Oriel College, Oxford, Dr. Stephen Lees, and J. J. 
Adams, Esq., were elected into the society ; and presents 
were announced from the Royal Institute of France, Dr. 
Silliman, and J. Taylor, Esq. Professor Owen then 
read an elaborate essay on the zoological characters pre- 
sented by the fossil remains of Stonesfield quarry, con- 
sisting of several perfect jaws and teeth embedded in 
oolite or Portland stone. The question as to the class of 
which they form a part is one which has received the 
consideration of the ablest geologists and zoologists 
throughout Europe, including the great Baron Cuvier, 
and which involves the leading doctrines of geological 
science; and yet it still remains a subject of fierce contro- 
versy. Mr. Owen, utterly disregarding the opininion of 
the Saurian character of these remains, which are called 
phylocotherium, believed them to be of the highest order 
of mammalia, perhaps marsupia, and he mentioned as 
proofs of this their double- rooted teeth, fanged summits, 
and coronoid processes, and the fact of theie being ele- 
ven molars in the ramus of each jaw. The animal to 
which they belonged might have been allied to the opos- 
sum, and, indeed, the remains closely resembled those of 
a species of that animal found in Australia. 

ROYAL SOCIETY. 

The ordinary meeting was held on Thursday evening, 
J. G. Children, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. Do- 
nations to the library and museum were announced from 
the Board of Ordnance, the Royal Academy of Paris, and 
from Captain Jcrvis; and Professors Agassiz and Mardus 
were proposed as foreign members by his Royal Highness 
the Duke of Sussex, and by the Marquis of Northampton; 
and were accodingly ba Hotted for and elected. Dr. Fara- 
day having concluded his series of essays on electricity, 
a commtuucation was read from J. K. Young, Esq., Fro- 



j fessor of Mathematics at Belfast College, demonsfrating 
some new laws regarding the curvature of surfaces. Tbe 
author, after commenting on the various theories-tbat have 
b«en put forth in explanation of this phenomendli, de- 
nounced roost strongly the method of equation uistially 
adopted, by the differential calculus, as extremely falli- 
ble ; and proposed, as a more correct rule, that we should 
look for the hues of curvature upon the '^ normal poiDts'' 
of the surfaces of bodies, by which means he stated he 
had been enabled to arrive at hit deductions. 

ELECTRICAL SOCIETY. 

On Tuesday evening, Mr. Sturgeon gave a summan, 
with experimental illusjtrations, of his paper ''On the di- 
rect action which caloric exercises on magnetic poles.'' 
Adjou^ed to the 15th of January. 



TO SUBSCRIBERS & CORRESPONDENTS. 



We are much obliged to the author of " Tk 
Duelling System,** &c. ; but, unluckily, his last codl- 
munications are not in exact accordance witli oor 
taste. If be will take the trouble of calling at, or 
sending to, Mr. Masters, No. 33, Aldersgate Street, 
(mentioning his initials,) he may receive his papen 
back, with a compliance with his request respecting 
The Aloine Magazine. 

In reply to a constant reader respecting the firm of 
Rivington standing first in chronological order, (1710)) 
in The Aldine Magazine, when the name of 
Richard Whitaker appears to a " Greek Prayer Book, 
1638," the " Old Bookseller'' has to remark, tliat he 
premised in the original prospectus to first notice the 
ancestors of the present race of booksellers, in which 
it will be found that the Rivingtons stand the first 
The present respectable bouse of Whitaker is in no 
way connected with that of R. Whitaker, of 1638. 



BOOKS JUST PUBLISHED. 

t 

The Redaimed Family, By the author of ''Edwki and Manr* 
f.c. 2s. 6d. bds. Harrison's Philosophy of Disease, I2mo.48. 6d' 
cl.. Combe's Pbysiologry of Health, 7th ed. roy. l2mo. 7s> ^' 
bds. . Edwin and Mary, a tale, by I^ady Tuite, 2nd. ed.^f. c. Ss^ 
6d. cl. . Oliver and Boyd's New Edinburgh Almanac, 1839* 18m0> 
48. bds..Doweirs Explanation of the Old Testament, iSmo. 
48. d. . The Philosophy of Death and the Fature Life, by Rct. 
O. Dewey, and Dr. Channing', 32mo. is. 6d. cl. . Beauties oi 
Holiness <S«icred and Moral Poetry,) samo. 3s. cl., 4s. silk.. A' 
Wreath of Minstrelsie, by P. S. Sparling, 32mo. Ss. 6d. d., 4S. 
silk. . Stephens's Incidents of Travel in Russia and the Taritish 
Empires, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 16S. bds. . Peter Pilgrim, by Dr. Bitit 
2 vols. p. 8vo. 14s. bds. . Sketches of Sermons, new ed. 4 vds* 
l2mo. 24s. cl. . Stephenson's Cluistulogy of the Old and N^w 
Testaments, 2 vols. 8vo. 2ls. cl. . The j^idence of Profane His. 
tory,roy. rimo. lOs. fid. d. . Whitfield's I^ectures on Chiistiui 
Doctrine, i2mo. 4s. cl. . Drnmmond's Rights of Animals, l2mo. 
68. cl. . Brown on the Payment of Tribute, n. ed., 8vo. )fls. SA. 
d.. Porqnet's German Phraseology, l2mo. 3s. 6d. cl.. Stone'* 
practice of Petty Sessions, 3rd ed. l2mo. 8s. cl. . Elphinstonc't 
Account of the Kingdom of Caubul, new ed. 2 voIb. 28s. cl.. 
Travers* and Green's Ophthalmic Surgery roy. iSmo. da. d.. 
Annett Mowbray, by Mrs. Marshall, sq. 3s. cL.The Child's 
Guide to Good Breeding, by Mrs. Marshall, sq. 28. 6d. dotb.. 
Tarver's Choix, n. ed. israo. 7s. 6d., bd. . Prayers for the use 
of Christian Families, 8vo. 7s. fid. d, . Merivale's Poems, 2 tote, 
f. c. 14S. d.. Figott's Manual of Scandinavian Mythologyi 
p. 8vo. I2s. d..Gauger's South Australia in 1837-8, 2nd ed. 
12mo. 3s. cl.. Schloss' English Bijou Almanac, 1839* is. fid. ni. 
38. mor. . An Exposition of Quackery and Imi)08tiire in Medt 
cine, roy. 12mo. 7s. fid. cl. 



London' : Printed by Joseph Masters, 33, Aldersgate Street 
Published every Saturday for the Proprietors, by Simpkia* 
Marshall, and Co. Stationers' Court, and sold by all Book- 
sellers and NewBv«nflen« 






ALDINE MAGAZINE 



"That the subatilution of inanimate for animate 
er ia draught on commim roads is one of the most 
mant improvemeuts in the means of imemal 
munications eeer introduced, and ihat its piac- 
lility is fully established." 

Repobt op the Committee of tee 

House of Commons. 

the precious economy of Railway travel- 

, a grand instance, on a petty scale, has juat 

1 shewn in the new and extortionate scheme 

le Greenwich Railway.* 

i'hen we threw together a few loose 

ighta on the bad and dangerous construc- 

of Railroads generally — on the groaa 

kery and imposition under wHch their 

reyancea are conducted— and urged the 

lation of Sleam Carriage Companies for 

nirapike roads, either with or without stone 

tfamways, we were not aware that a Company 

had actually been formed, and was on the 

pomt of commencing its operations expressly 

withat principle. Such, however, is the fact; 

and. thanks to an intelligent correspondent, we 

we enabled to state a few particulara of the plan, 

A few preliminary particulars should be 

in mind. An expenditure of two or 

uillions of money for enabling us to take 

jT miles' journey— or some six millions to 

ih a hundred -miles' line — or, as in other 

in average expense of 15,OC0/. per mile, 

nsideration of some importance ; espe- 

if it be taken into account that, upon 

of the lines which have been formed at 

a enormous cost, a return of even c 

iterest upon the capital sunk is not likely 

ealised. 

bout sinking one farthing in the fonna- 
roads — for the roads are already formed 
working of locomotive engines, whether 
iggons or for lighter carriages, will be 
3d with vastly greater facility than that 



'\de Letter of a Correspondeii 



I subsequent 



rill 

According to the plan proposed, a great 
weight may be drawn at a steady motion of 
about seven miles an hour, which is more than 
double the rate of the ordinary " fly waggons ;" 
it is said, at an expense in mechanical 
power far less than that of horses. The cost 
is estimated at two pence per ton per mile, 
which is equivalent to sixteen shillings and 
ghtpence per ton for a distance of a hundred 

With reference to turnpike roads, another 
material point in favour of steam carriages is 
the immensely reduced cost for wear and tear. 
It is weU known, that the wear and tear of 
roads is caused, in part, by the narrow wheels 
of carriages, but chiefly by the feet of the 
horses. Now, in steam carriages of all sorts, 
it is a sine qua non that the wheels be broad ; 
there are no horses' feet to inflict injury ; and, 
the wheels, by being broad, will act as rollers 
on the road, pressing down every inequality 
they meet. If the present roads were to be 
run upon by steam carriages only, they would 
become, in time, almost as solid and even as a 
flawed pavement. 

The steam carriage company alluded to, is 
that which has been formed by Sir James 
Anderson, aided and supported by several noble- 
men and members of the House of Commons, 
in its direction ; the Earl Balcarras, Lord 
Stewart de Rothesay, Captain Bodero, M.P., 
Mr. Broadwood, M.P., Mr. Hawkes, M.P., Mr. 
Stuart, &c. In an article published some time 
ago in the "British and Foreign Review," it 
was estimated, that the average number of 
passengers taken by each train, between Ijver- 
pool and Manchester, was sixty ; for which one 
engine was required throughout, and one in 
addition to assist on the inchned planes, which 
may be fairly called two for each train. It was 
abo estimated by several engineers, and proved 
before a Committee of the House of Commons, 
that one steam carriage on a common road can 



Umdon: Fiiatedby J.U&aiiKa, 03, AldcntataStKtt. 



r 



66 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



convey thirty passengers and their luggage. 
It is moreover stated, that Sir James Anderson 
has contracted with the company now formed, 
that the carriages to be supplied under his 
patent shall not only do so, but convey at least 
a ton of luggage, at an average speed of fifteen 
miles an hour, and at a cost of 4d. a mile for 
fuel. It is further estimated, that \8, Sd. per 
mile will cover all expenses, or ^d. per mile for 
each passenger. Each of these carriages is to be 
supplied, by contract, for 1000/., consequently 
a capital sunk of 2000/. (for two carriages) will 
enable sixty passengers to be taken on any road 
in the kingdom, at fifteen miles an hour ; while 
it requires two engines to convey the same 
number on the Manchester line, at from twenty 
to twenty-five miles an hour, which line of road 
is said to have cost three millions of money in 
in its formation ! 

Of all points, the safety of the passengers in 
steam carriages is chiefly to be provided for. 
Mr. Farey, in his evidence, observes as follows: 

" The danger of being run away with and over- 
turned is greatly diminished in a steam coach. It is 
very difficult to control four such horses as can draw 
a heavy stage-coach ten miles an hour, in case they 
are frightened or choose to run away ; and for such 
quick travelling they must be kept in that state of 
courage that they are always inclined to run away, 
particularly down hill, and at sharp turns in the road. 
Steam power has very little corresponding danger, 
being perfectly controllable and capable of havmg 
the power reversed to retard it going down hill. It 
must be carelessness that would occasion the over- 
turning of a steam coach. The chance of breaking 
down has been hitherto considerable, but it will not 
be more than in stage-coaches when the work is 
truly proportioned and properly executed. The 
risk of explosion of the boiler is the only new cause of 
danger, and that I consider not equivalent to the dan- 
ger from horses." 

Of course, almost every thing, with reference 
to safety, depends upon the construction of the 
boiler. Sir James Anderson's boiler is said to 
be so constructed that it cannot burst — or that, 
should it explode, no injury to life or limb can 
result. At present, we have not room to enter 
into an investigation of Sir James Anderson's 
boiler. ^We much regret, too, that we have 
not Maceroni*s Memoirs at hand. Poor, neg- 
lected, illtreated Maceroni ! When we read 
his book a few months ago, we were perfectly 
satisfied as to the safety of his boiler, for every 
description of steam-engine ; and in its favour 
he had the suffrages of several of our leading 
engineers. As the most successful projector 
of steam-carriages, before the plan of Sir James 
Anderson was brought forward, Colonel Mac- 
eroni ought not to be lost sight of. 

Had we further space, we should like to shew 
«-^as we have the means of shewing— -that the 



apprehensions which have been entertained ii 
some quarters as to the injury which would " 
likely accrue to agriculture, to the breeding 
horses, and to the employment of human kbourJ 
are without foundation. 

Sir James Anderson's first carriage (bi 
after his experimental carriage had been abunj 
dantly proved) is, we are informed, ready to ' 
set to work ; and it is expected to be brougl 
forward in the spring, so soon as the 
shall be in a tolerably favourable state. 



LETTERS TO MY SON AT ROM] 



LETTER V. 

ACCOUNT OF THE FIRM OF MESSl 
LONGMAN AND CO.— PROFITS ANl 
LOSSES OF THE TRADE. — SERGEAI 
TALFOURD'S BILL.— PROS AND CON! 
BETWEEN AUTHORS AND BOOKSl 
LERS. 



Aldine Chambers, Paternoster Uow\ 
London, Dec. 22, 1838i 

My dear Son, 

The earliest notice of the eminent bool 
sellers of the Longman family — ^namely, thatj 
have met vrith — is that of Thomas Lon^ 
(uncleof the late Thomas Longman, Esq.,)at1 
sign of the Ship, in Paternoster Row, in 172j 
when it appeared prefixed to the first editic 
of ** Shelvock's Voyages ;" making a diffej 
ence of about sixteen years subsequent to 
commencement of the Rivingtons, whose m 
as I before remarked, was prefixed to a publ 
cation in defence of the Church in 1718, 
to bill heads in 1710. 

The name of Longman, however, appears 
other works about the same period at the si| 
of the Ship and Swan; and again in 1730 
proposals for publishing a new edition of Thvi 
nus* Hist., in seven volumes folio, (it mi| 
perhaps have been to the first edition, as wj 
as to some of our early school books). It 
evident that Mr. Longman was engaged in 
most respectable works of that period. In 17j 
I find his name in connection with the ce 
brated Tom Osbom's to Horsley's Britai 
Romana, with one hundred engravingsi. 
died June 18, 1755 ; his widow, June 
1762. 

The late Mr. Thomas Longman (nephew; 
the above) appears to have succeeded to the 
siness in 1755, under the most favourable ai 
pices of a handsome property, valuable st 
and excellent connection. Qood fortune 
always attended this fiamily throughout their < 



TrtE ALDINE MAGAZINl 



', infleed, Mr. Longman vas 

engaged in the American 
said had an immense sum 
t the commencement of the 
reen England and that couq- 
lowever, that several of his 
liaved very honourably hy 
and liquidating their debt^ 
1 amicable arrangements and 

Mr. liongmEin continued to pursue tJie calm 
eren tennur of his way ; and with a fine, mild, 
placid disposition, his business always appeared 
more a source of amusement to him than of 
tiuiety or care. He continued a select whole- 
nle country business without the ambitioii of 
in increase, and held some of the finest copy- 
rights of the best works, and general shares ia 
bich I know of no regular catalogue 
he whole. 

ly to be regretted that we have not 
.talogue in England tiiat combines 
[e of names, dates, prices, andpub- 
ea : no general catalogue can be 
out. Our former catalogues had 
!a and list of prices ; the more re- 
,ve, it is true, prices and pubhshers' 
10 dates i and even that noble cata- 
iTt's Bibliotheca Britannica," in 
I quarto, although it contains the 



t of 






! titles, dates, sizes, and prices of 
me and abroad, from the invention 
Xi the nineteenth century, yet the 
: printers and publishers are gene- 
d. Had these objects been at- 
an immense advantage would have 
to bibliographical knowledge as 
nowledge of what each respective 
ind publisher had achieved, and 
ecdotes of them and of their con- 
id have been the result. 
immense mass of works that pass 
press belonging to an eminent pub- 
a; a long series of years, and of 
italogues or documents remain to 
em, much interest is lost to the 
ttion with regard to literary asso- 
tbinations, and conversations. Mr. 
ipeaking of the late James Robson, 
bookseller of Bond Street,) and a 
) of booksellers, to which he be- 
lirty-five years, observes that Mr. 
rith the late Alderman Cadell, 
.es Dodsley, Lockyer, Davies, Peter 
lest Tom Payne of the Mew's Gate, 
ns of tjie Strand, (all of whom I 
a boy except the last named,) were 
diis iQciety, from which origiiKited 



the germ of many i 
their auspices Mr. 
pleasant member 
" Dramatic Miscf 
Garrick ;" and he 
ideas that led to t 
son's invaluable " 
British PoeU." Tl 
that Mr. Longman 
emplary character 
his private life, aft 
his benevolence as 
conduct to that onc 
Robinson, in early i 
for any sum he i 
fully acknowledge 
whose extraordinat 
nections I shall ha 
pages of The Aldj 

To return to Mr 
ment, to which I 1 
Yeabs' Recollbc 
SELLBK." I omit! 
that occurred to m' 
Mr. L. had just 
Chambers's large 
folio, or 418 folio: 
I was hastily dispa 
a load of them, ; 
initiated were sub 
returning with aa i 
me, and not obser 
pipes had been tal 
with the books, in 
flowing in upon m 
weighed upon my r 
Mr. Longman the 
changing many of 
me an order for th 
retiring to his coui 
almost be termed 
Hampstead. It w 
that the celebrated 
the habit of walkin 
at five o'clock on a 
his and Dr. Sam. . 
spear. Mr. L. freq 
tunities of amusen 
which, in particula 
as it enabled me 
the celebrated Johi 
of FalstafF. This 
the last time he £ 
same period I ha 
Macklin, Edwin, Q 
the rest of the flon 
form. 

I was in the hahi 
almost daily fir<»a 



LDINE MAGAZINE. 



rs, being 


one voyage, for he k 


ra' shops 


tumiDg from the Ei 


very ap- 


curred which termin 


^dinthe 


1799 or 1800. I. 


ing such 


turning from India 


ihis es- 


seen him reading o 


f orders. 


the accident occurri 


owledge 


tired disposition ; i 




overpowered by sle 


booke; 


of wind, he slippei 


in-door 


was made to save hi 


ae, from 


to rise no more. 


quiaition 


The liberal condi 


of which 


man to his old and 1 


■. Long- 


topher Brown, has 1 


imtogo 




'fessiop ; 


Of Thomas No; 


the very 


wards of forty yes 


L aimilar 


gentleman succeed 




highly-reapected fal 


t at hU 


anxious for his ext< 


., 1797, 




s amply 


tunately, however, 


,e eldest 


and authors of splei 


ongman, 


not only branched 


he same 


range, and entered 1 


sioess aa 


petition with the fi 


U known 


also extended his i 


Line, and 


time. What count 


lie trade. 


ferred to authors ai 


arrange- 


source ; and what 


iring the 


distributed amongst 


ed, per- 


ployed, and also in 


ibility in 


nufactured. 


f to lite- 


Mr. T, N. Lon 




about the year 179 


e Long- 


additional duty was 


me. He 


that time I aasistec 


nan, an 


burgh (who had bei 


■ Street, 


of his stock in Lond 


Wright 


sum in addition on 


,an Key. 


orders which I execi 


le book- 


standing the advar 


uantities 


man'sbusinessincrei 


for their 


Thomas Brown enti 


George 


the eatabhahment, a; 


relycon- 


valuable, and confid 


Jy as a 


In 1794 the lab 


turer at 


into thia extensive 


1 he was 


became a partner. 


me time. 


and Reea. 


ion, but 


About this junt 


business 


(James,) rating onl 


still car- 


seller in England. 1 


eminent 


whole of hia picket 




was transferred to 1 


,on, waa 


Reea, whose trade t 


iBt India 


booksellers not onlj 


ily went 


the Robinsons, but 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



69 



surpassed every thing that had preceded it in 
extent, punctuality, and regularity. 

In 1 804 Mr. Thomas Hurst, with the whole 
of bis trade and connection, with Mr. Cosmo 
Onne,* and their respective capitals, joined 
tiiis important establishment ; and subsequently 
Mr. Thomas Brown and Mr. Green were de • 
dared partners, thus trading for some time 
imder the firm of Longman, Hurst, Rees, 
.Onne, Brown, and Green. 

Some years since Mr. Hurst retired from the 
concern. 

- Mr. Rees, having been forty years an active 
•member of the concern, retired about twelve or 
fifteen months ago, intending to settle upon 
his estate in Wales. Unfortunately, however, 
kis health, which had for some time been in a 
declining state, gave way, and he died, much 
Rented by a numerous circle of friends, in 
:the coarse of a few weeks after his retirement 
itom Patemost«r Row. 

The business, however, with the accession 
af one or two of Mr. Longman's sons, con- 
iniies to be conducted upon that high prin- 

e of integrity, punctuality, and steadiness 
•vhich it has ever maintained. 

Were I to enter into particulars of the con- 
ion of Messrs. Longman and Co. with au- 

018 of the first rank who have congregated 
met under their roof, a most entertaining 

id instructive volume might be formed. Suf- 
loe it to say, that among the number formerly 
Johnson, Hume, Kippis, Rees, Stephens, 
Chalmers, and other historians and poets, as 
as most of the popular dramatists during 

e conclusion of the hust century ; and in the 
fresent. Sir Walter Scott, Lord B3rron, Camp- 
■Wl Moore, Southey, Wordsworth, Mont- 
pmery, and numberless other eminent authors, 
fa fact, after such a display of names — such a 
plaxy of talent — connected with one house, 
^ can deem that the annals of booksellers 
'|re not interesting. 
fJ I have heard it asserted, that when govern. 

^ • Cosmo Orme, Esq., was the first to arrange and 
appoint an establbhiDent for the support of decayed 
booksellers in old age, and was the first to bestow 
pe liberal donation of one hundred pounds ; and, 
"^ibsequently to become its chairman ami one of its 
* active advocates. Such a noble institution 
J*3ks for itself; and it may one day become as 
jular as that of the " Literary Fund" for the re- 
of authors, an establishment from which it is 
the celebrated Canning and Chateaubriand at 
early period received benefits, and to which they 
yards became liberal contributors. Weil may it 
»id that, although London has been termed the 
<jf vice, the turrets of her charities, like so many 
rical conductors, seemi to avert the very wrath of 



ment were about to impose an additional duty 
on paper, subsequently to that of about 1793-4, 
the firm of Longman and Co., and some of the 
best informed and enlightened members of par- 
liament, urged such strong and unanswerable 
arguments against it, and its impolicy, that 
the idea was relinquished. I have also been 
told that this house had nearly 100,000/. em- 
barked in various publications at the time; 
many of which, and thousands of others since 
published, would not (had the duty been im- 
posed) have made their appearance. 

Another and more serious subject, not in the 
way of tax, but of actual deprivation of pro- 
perty, has more recently been brought forward 
and discussed ; and were it to be carried into 
eflfect, it would not only go to an actual 
loss of property, really bought and paid for 
in the most open, honourable, and liberal way, 
but would prove the ruin of authors as well as 
of booksellers. It hardly requires to be said, 
that I allude to the bill proposed respecting 
literary property, not only in a prospective, 
but also in a retrospective point of view, by 
renewing copyrights to authors who had been 
previously paid for them. Were such an act 
of plunder and spoliation to take place, this 
and every great publishing establishment in 
the kingdom would have just cause of com- 
plaint ; indeed, not only on account of the copy- 
rights they hold, but of the sales and transfers 
that have been made. Authors, have never 
been paid so liberally as in the ninteenth cen- 
tury. Witness Scott, Moore, Byron, Southey, 
Bulwer, and the principal novel and periodical 
writers of the day. This is not an age for 
such weighty productions, and in such form as 
the works of Gibbon, Hume, Robertson, &c. ; 
and if the immense number of works that never 
hall-pay the expenditure, were taken into con- 
sideration, the want of success of the book- 
seller cannot be matter of surprise. Sir 
Richard Phillips, one day asked me ** how 
many booksellers I could recollect to have 
made respectable fortunes and to have retired." 
" Oh ! scores," said I ; but, on being asked to 
name them, I could scarcely enumerate one 
dozen for upwards of fifty years. 

Should the Copyright Bill ever be brought 
forward agaiii under such unjust pretensions, 
as it was in the first instance, every bookseller 
and publisher in the kingdom ought to . come 
forward in the most undaunted and spirited 
manner to resist it in every stage of its retro- 
spective views. The trickery and jobbery of 
Sergeant Talfourd's bill were at once fraudu- 
lent and disgusting. With reference to its 
prospective provisions, it would have proved 
equally injurious to the author as to the book- 



THE ALDINB MAQAZINB. 



■tlj glance at tbe sub- 
iahmeat of the Long- 
great publiahera, must 
y to protect themeehee 
amonstrouE encroach- 
i was meditated upon 

i the first appearance 
pe of a legal security 
their productions, was 
h. " No book wae al- 
(dthout the permission 
press, who were in- 
protection of hterary 
ae licence for the same 
, however, appear to 
;ct, since these persons 
:h by the booksellers of 
iU a dozen authorities 
' the same work. In 
office of licenser of the 
ith, and literature re- 
nd decided protection ; 
ted to every author to 
ihouTB ; after which a 
rork ceased altogether. 






ctive alteration i 



the 



limate of a modem and 
the Fate of Books. 
le thousand books pub- 
n, on six hundred of 
imercial loss, — on 
)ne hundred a trifling 
ndred any considerable 
1 within the year, oth^r 
irs, other 1 30 in three 
fty survive seven years, 
jught of after twenty 
usand books published 
ury, not fifty are now 
hty thousand pubhshed 
y, only three hundred 
printing, and not more 
;ht after at the period 
aed — Since the first 
fore Christ, i. e. in 32 
e hundred works of all 
have sustained tbem- 
}uring infiuencence of 

3 divest myself of par- 
I will from the same 
ove was drawn, present 
nates of Publishers." — 
pounds to Milton for 
LLAa would not give 
for his Winter, which 



Thohson wrote in Millah's low faooBe, (nof 
a carpet warehouse,) opposite the AnmiULn. 
CavB oflFered half the booksellers in Lokvov 
half the property of the Geiitietmm'* Mtgtr 
tine ; and as they all refused to engage in i^ 
he was obliged to publish it. himself. Bnix 
visited every Publisher in London, with ibi 
Manuscript of hie yiMttce, for which he aske4 
fifty pounds in vain. Dr. BtrcHiw ofl'eroi 
bia Domestic Medicine, to every principal book- 
seller iu GniNHuaQB and London for one hun- 
dred pounds, without obtaining a purchasei! 
and after it bad passed through twenty-Gvc 
editions, it was sold in thirty two shares, at 
fifty pounds each- Cowfer, with difficulty, 
prevaUed on Johnson to publish the iatt 
volume of hit Poems, but obtaii\ed nothing fir 
the copyright- Blooufibld offered Philleh 
the copyright of bis Former's Boy, for the com- 
pbment of a dozen copies, which was rejected 
and Bbsesfobii, the copyright, of the Mistrim 
of Human Life for twenty pounda, each of 
which supposed to have realised five thoi 
pounds. The Novel of Waverley was offered ii 
vain to several London booksellersfor twentf- 
five or thirty pounds ; and it hassinee realiwd 
ten thousand pounds !" 

Pennit me now to analyse this latter state' 
ment {the former estimate speaks for itself-) 
With regard to Miltob, he wrote his Paraim 
Lost, at the early dawn of literature, in t^ 
then novel style of blank verse, and the beautf 
of his fine poem was not appreciated at once, 
bis Paradige Regained was comparatively > 
failure- However, in justice, Milton's family 
and decendants ought to have been revardol 
for the former, as it passed through succeediiv 
editions, and doubtless would have been, i~ '"" 
more enlightened age. 

With regard to Thomson, — According to 
Stbwart, Thomson's Winter, lay like waste 
paper at the bookseUer'ft till a gentleman of 
taste, Mr- Mitchell, promulgated its merit 
in the best circles, and then all was right 
Thomson gt't from Andrew Millar, in 1729, 
one hundred and thirty seven pounds ten shil- 
hngs for ^ophonisba, a tragedy, and Spring. 
a poem For the rest of the Seasons, and some 
other pieces, one hundred and five pounds d 
John Millar ; which were again sold to Millar, 
nine years afterwards, for one hundred and five 
pounds. When Millar died, his executors sold 
the whole Copyright to the trade for five hun- 
dred and five pounds- 
Cave, from being a Printer, and fbnning * 
literary connection with Dr. Johnson, judici- 
ously retained the property of tbe Chntlemon'i 
Magazine, and made a fortune. Had it gone 
into other bands a fortune might have been lost 



THB ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



71 



by it. Tills was neither more nor less than a 
lotteiy or a mere speculation in trade. With 
regard to Bum he eventually received three 
luimdred poimds from Andrew Millar, ( six times 
tt much as he at first asked ) for the first edi- 
tion of his Justice of the Peace, and he and his 
lunily continued to receive benefits from sub- 
lequent editions, as weU as from his " Eccle^ 
mstical Law" and from his ** History of Cum- 
herland" His son, Richard Bum, had all the 
Advantages he required from his production of 
a Law Dictionary. With regard to Dr Buchan, 
▼horn I knew extremely well ; he was most 
£berally and handsomely requited by the late 
Alderman Cadell, whom I am credily informed 
paid him a considerable sum for the first edition, 
and continued to allow him one hundred pounds 
hi oorrecting and makiag a trifling addition to 
each of the subsequent ones, which occurred 
•hnost annually, therefore there could be 
nothing to complain of in that case. With 
"lespect to Cowper*s Poems, the first volume 
liy upon the iielf for some years before it 
"Was generally admired and noticed, and in 
ImA not until the second volume was printed, 
ifrom the good taste and judgment of Mr. 
Johnson, who no doubt handsomely rewarded 
Cowper, for whom he printed his blank verse, 
^tnmslation of Homer, a hook of dull and 
■Iwavy sale*. Of the Farmers Boy when pub- 
Hfahed, it was said to have gone under the alte- 
Ifttions, pruning, and revision of the late Capel 
Ixjfft, Esq. who at first wrote it into notice. 
'It became deservedly popular, and he received 
eoQsiderable sums for that and his subsequent 
productions. Beresford's Miseries of Human 
Ufe, was a whim, and a windfall, and no doubt 
kut author and bookseller were mutually bene- 
fited. Wm. Millar, the Hberal publisher, richly 
deserved it. Waverley, notwithstanding its 
being offered at so low a sum, eventually pro- 
duced its celebrated and talented author a very 
considerable onev and was perhaps the cause of 
not only producing him 1000 or 10,000 but 
eeen 100,000£! If bookmakers did not some 
times obtain some prize in the lottery, our 
Diodem authors and booksellers would cut but 
a sorry figure. 

So much for this long digression on Authors, 
Books, and Booksellers, which I have intro- 



* By the by, it has been asserted that Pope received 
8a thousand pounds in the year that his translation 
of Homer was completed (a large sum for that period) 
Mtwithstanding the versification flowed in Pope's* 
Mual easy numbers ; yet according to Dr. Johnson, 
although 

*PoPB translated Homer — ^yetthey say, 
Bboou went before, and gently swept the way." 



duced here as being more connected and asso- 
ciated with so eminent a publishing concern 
as Messrs Longman's has been for the last half 
century. 

Ever my dear Son, 

Your affectionate Father, 

An Old Bookselleb. 



MEN, WOMEN, AND EVENTS OF 
THE WEEK BEFORE US. 



Lament for Murphy. — ^The Wassail Bowl. — The Mis- 
tleto Song and Dance. — New Yearns Gifts. — The 
Annuals.— ^Thomas k Beckett. — David, the Painter. 
— Mrs. Rowe. — Boerhaave, Robert Boyle, Flam- 
steed, and William Gifford. — Dry den and Varley. 
— St. Sylvester and the Miraculous Baptism of 
Constantino the Great. — Woodcock-shooting. — 
Commencement of the Year 1839. — William the 
Conqueror and Charles the Second. — Harold and 
" the Swan-necked Edith." — Superiority of the 
Saxon to the British Race. — Coronation of Charles 
the Second. — The Irish Union. — Discovery of the 
Planet Ceres. — Lorenzo de Medici. — Edmund 
Burke. — Wolfe, the Conqueror of Canada. — 
Roger Ascham. — Archbishop Usher. — Prayers 
for the Dead. 

Poor, poor Murphy! The very elements 
combine against him ! He threatened us with 
" rain," and " storm,'* on Christmas day ; and, 
lo ! we had a morning, and a day, clear and 
bright as in April, and a night in which the 
moon shone sweetly, and all the stars of Hea- 
ven seemed to vie with each other in splendour. 
Alas ! alas ! for Murphy and his predictions ! 

" There was an ancient custom," says Brand, 
in his Popular Antiquities, "which is yet re- 
tained in many places, on New Year's Eve : 
young women went about with a Wassail bowl 
of spiced ale, with some sort of verses that were 
sung by them as they went from door to door. 
Wassail is derived from the Anglo-Saxon v(bI 
hal, * be in health.' * The Wassail Bowl/ says 
Warton, * is Shakspeare's gossip's bowl, in the 
Midsummer Nighfs Dream, Act. i. Scene 1. 
The composition was ale, sugar, nutmeg, toast, 
and roasted crabs or apples. It was also called 
"Lamb's Wool" On the vigil of the New 
Year, our hardy ancestors "never failed to assem- 
ble round the glowing hearth with their cheer- 
ful neighbours, and then, in the spicy Wassail 
bowl (which testified the goodness of their 
hearts) drowned every former animosity, an 
example worthy modem imitation." 

However, there are few merrier or more in- 
nocent sports at Christmas and at the opening 
of the New Year, than the Mistletoe Dance — 
a dance which in evidently of very remote origin. 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE, 



'* as the Ivy is dedi- 
Id the Mistletoe be to 
be chaste Eros, but to 
! sacred regard given 
,cal rites has long been 

beheld with emotions 
when hung up in our 
Illustrative of this, 
ough it may have been 
!) before, will not be 

a an oaken beam, 

s the hall. 

ir Christmas revelliDg, 

nes pleasures bring. 

re fair and while, 

able liue; 

's affect our sight, 

ame with prickles too. 

r Cliristmos revelling, 

ines pleasures bring. 

red red for me :■ — 

my delight; 

nny's sweet lips invite. 
ir Christmas reveliinf , 
ibols pleasures bring." 

; the ancients should 
our fine sayings and 
want of aornething bet- 
it be only for its kindly 
iraelves before written 
aantest and the kindest 
yous season, is that of 
1 the husband to 
ir children, from i 
m the riqh to the poor 
a New Year's gift to 
Browne, in his Anti- 
all be a taken of mj 
efactor, a token of mj 
ir (which at this time 

I it shall be to make 
. and give praise 

II good gifts.' And this 
ncient derivation. In 
;r the denomination of 
ely greater spirit and 
A beautiful veil from 
-a guitar from a father 

service a f Anglaue, 
.nd bonnet from the 
Herbault, are almost 
3 on the JoUT deV An." 
"er the French to sur- 
kindness, generosity, 
? Beautiful veils, and 
u plentiful in England 



as they are in Franc 
and educated, how J 
membrancers — our 
skip's Offerings, and 
aspect and pretensi 
the kind that our ne 

But, let US not ar 

fairly out of the g 

Hundred and Thirty 

" Tis good lo I: 

'Tis right I 

Tis well to I 

Before we 

The 28th of Deci 
the murder of St, 
bishop of Cantcrbur 
itself, though perhaj 
its consequences, oc 
the altar of the pre] 
years afterwards, he 
half a century, a 
amongst the doctor: 
the soul of the de' 
damned ; and, in tb 
was cited to appee 
condemned as a tr 
was written in sevei 
of Crowland, who 
posing it. For our 
no impropriety in de 
life of an eminent 

of an actorj 

Another notorioi 
— that fierceandsan 
Louis David, Buon 
painter — reached h 
Having narrowly ea 
he most richly dese 
to die in his bed, al 
December, 1825, at 
for no greater trium 
French school of art, 
that which was witn 
since, on a compar 
productions (then ej 
with those of our o 
In his more recent 1 
artificial n ess, and ar 
and true feeling, we 

Elizabeth Rowe, 
in Death," &c., diei^ 
1737, at the age of 

On the last day o; 
■ one of the most eel 
dem times, and the 
wiU have been dead 
a distinguished phi 
ranked with Bacon 



"THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



7S 



Jotm Flamsteed, Astronomer Royal, 119 years ; 
andWilliam Gifford, thepoetandcritic, 1 1 years. 
The Hon. Robert Boyle, who was bom in 
tiie same year that Lord Bacon died, (1626) 
jparticolarly applied himself to chemistry, and 
made such discoveries in that science as could 
kurdly be accredited upon less authority than 
bis own. He founded the theological lecture 
wliich bears his name. 

Flamsteed, who was bom at Denby, in 
Derbyshire, in 1646, was the first Astronomer 
Boyal; the Royal Observatory at Greenwich 
liaving been founded by King Charles the First, 
•OD the suggestion of Sir Jonas Moor, and under 
the direction of Sir Christopher Wren, on the 
10th of August, 1675. lliere is strong rea- 
son for suspecting, that Flamsteed, who pro- 
secuted his studies with so much assiduity as 
to have been considered second only to Sir 
Isaac Newton, secretly studied judicial astro- 
logy as well as astronomy. " At the very 
suimte when the foundation stone of the Ob- 
servatory was laid, he constmcted what is tech- 
nically termed a Scheme of the Heavens. This 
exceedingly curious document is preserved in 
the Observatory in a folio vellum-bound MS. 
In the same volume is a ground plan of the 
Ohfiervatory, with different scientific entries. 
In another folio MS. in calf binding, is a series 
of autobiographical notices or memoranda, upon 
the dates in which the diiOferent lives which 
have been written of Flamsteed have been 
founded. However, if Flamsteed were an 
astrologer, he is not the only man of genius or 
of talent, either in past or in present times, 
\who has been addicted to the study of the 
occult science. Dryden, it is well known, was 
an adept ; and in our own day, amongst many 
others who might be mentioned, John Varley, 
one of our most original and most effective 
vtists in water colours, stands conspicuous. 
Varley has astonished thousands ; and, should 
he live, will astonish thousands more." 

We are told — how pleasant it is that we are 
not obliged to believe every thing we are told — 
a strange story about St. Sylvester, a Romish 
priest of reputed learning and sanctity, whose 
^tival falls on the last day of the year. On 
the death of Melchiades, in the fourth century, 
St. Sylvester succeeded to the papal chair ; and 
it has been said^ and written, that " he had the 
honour to baptize Constantine the Great ; St. 
Peter and St. Paul having descended from Hea- 
ven to persuade the emperor to submit to a 
repetition of that rite ; Eusebius, bishop of 
Nicomedia, who had already performed that 
*cred ceremony, * having been an Arian, and, 
of course, a heretic/" 
Woodcocks are known to leave the north 



with the first frost, and to ^travel slowly to- 
wards the south till they reach their accus- 
tomed winter quarters. The times of the ap- 
pearance and disappearance of these birds in 
Sweden coincide exactly with those of their 
arrival in and return from Britain. On the 
Suffolk coast their autumnal and vernal ap- 
pearances have been accurately noticed. They 
come over sparingly in the first week in Oc- 
tober, the greater numbers not arriving till 
November and December, and always after sun- 
set. Depending on the wind, so greatly has 
their strength been sometimes exhausted, that 
they have been taken by hand in the streets of 
Southwold. They do not come gregariously, 
but separate and dispersed. Woodcock-shooting 
commences with us at the close of the year. 

New Year's Day. — Well, then, the old 
year is gone and past — ^gone with all its joys 
and sorrows, its hopes and fears, and glorious 
anticipations. The sun of the first day has 
risen upon the year one thousand eight hun- 
dred and thirty-nine. 

The anniversary is a memorable one in Eng- 
land on many accounts, William the Con- 
queror was crowned on the 1st of January, 
1067, 772 years ago; and, on the 1st of Ja- 
nuary, 1651, 188 years since, Charles H. was 
crowned. What an amusing affair might be a 
parallel between the two sovereigns ! Three 
or four years since, in the grounds of Battle 
Abbey, Sussex, we stood upon the spot hal- 
lowed by tradition as that upon which the ill- 
fated Harold fell. And near that spot, in all 
probability traced by the sympathy and power 
of woman's love, were found the mutilated re- 
mains of the slain monarch by his adored mis- 
tress, " the Swan-necked Edith." With Harold, 
who was worthy the throne which he ascended 
on the death of Edward the Confessor, his 
brother-in-law, fell the liberties of England. 
It would' be a curious and deeply interesting 
labour to trace the advantages and disadvan- 
tagos which have accrued from the successful 
descent of the Norman host upon our island. 
And why, in the name of all that is ridiculous, 
are we proud of styling ourselves Britons ? We 
are not Britons : we are Saxons, in every sense 
of the word — a greater, a nobler, a more heroic 
race than ever were the Britons, If any one 
question the superiority of the Saxons in arts 
or in arms — in physical prowess or in intellec- 
tual vigour and capacity — in all that adorns 
the mind, or exalts end ennobles the heart — 
let him examine, physiologically and phreno- 
logically, the crania of the respective races. 
The Britons were conquered by the Romans . 
they not only succumbed to the conquerors of 
the world, but they shewed themselves inca- 



74 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 




pable of unprov^ent by the lessons of adver- 
sity or the lessons of civiLization, for which they 
were indebted to their masters. When left to 
themselves, with all the advantages which they 
ought to have derived from long association 
with the Romans, they were unable to protect 
themselves against a comparatively feeble 
enemy ; they meanly called in the Saxons to 
their aid ; in turn, tiiey suffered themselves to 
be defeated, routed, and crushed by them as 
they had before suffered themselves to be de- 
feated, routed, and crushed by the Romans ; 
the Saxons chased them like affrighted deer 
into their woods, their strongholds, and their 
mountain fastnesses, and in their place assumed 
for ever the rule and sovereignty of the island. 
And still — notwithstanding the Norman de- 
scent — still we are Saxons, The Norman con- 
quest was the conquest of the country, not of 
the people ; and though, to the improvement of 
the race, great uniting with great, a portion of 
high Norman blood is infused amongst, us still 
the body of the people is Saxon, 

It was after the Scots had urged, or rather 
compelled Charles II. to take the Covenant 
oath, that they crowned him king at Scone, 
on the first of January, 1651. The horse on 
which the king rode at his coronation in Eng- 
land was bred and presented to him by Thomas 
Fairfax, the parliamentary general. 

Since the Union of Ireland with Englaud, 
thirty- eight years have elapsed. On the same 
day (January 1, 1801) Piazzi, an eminent Ita- 
lian astronomer, discovered the planet Ceres 
Ferdinandea. 

Lorenzo de Medici the Magnificent was bom 
on New Year's Day, 1448. In wisdom and 
moderation, in magnanimity and splendour, he, 
surpassed all preceeding members of his family; 
while in active zeal for the arts and sciences, 
he also greatly exeUed them. " Nothing could 
exceed the exertions he made for the improve- 
ment of literature ; and he died in the zenith of 
his renown, in 1492, honoured by all the princes 
of Europe, beloved by his fellow citizens, and 
almost worshipped by the votaries of learning 
and the arts at home and abroad." Roscoe*s 
Life of Lorenzo de Medici" is a lasting monu- 
ment of his and of its author's fame. 

Edmund Burke, another intellectual colossus, 
was bom on New Year's Day, 1730. He died 
in 1797. 

The heroic Wolfe, who achieved the con- 
quest of Canada, and sealed it with his blood, 
on the 13th of September 1759, was bom on 
the 1st of January, 1727. 

Roger Ascham, Latin secretary to Edward 
the VL, Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth, 
died on the 2nd of January, 1568. Ascham 



taught Elizabeth to write, and instructed kef 
in the Greek and Latin languages. Queen 
Bessy did hei writing master credit, for, as her 
autographs testify, she wrote a noble hand. 

Archbishop UsJber, an ennnent antiquary, his- 
torian, and divine, was bom on the 4th of Janu- 
ary, 1580. He was much courted by Cromwell, 
who was proud of expressing his regard for ^ 
great and so good a man. He was buried witb 
great pomp in Westminster, in 1656, Cromwdl 
bearing half the expense of his funeral. As it 
has been recently decided, that "prayers for die 
dead are not a popish rite," we say — RequiesciA 
in pace, 

THE CLOSING YEAR. 

Time has issued his warrant, and soon will the year, 
Eogulphed in the stream of the past, disappear ; 
And on ! 'twill be ours to lament with its flight 
Those visions of hope, and those images bright, 
Whose glory by darkness is veiled in a cloud, 
Whose beauty is pale in the death-robing shroud ; 
How many will sigh for the year that is gone — 
How many the new one find cheerless and lone ! 

Oh 1 that in the year which is passing away, 

We could look back with pleasure and peace on eask 

day, 
And, with consciences free from reproach and firom 

pain, 
Feel that mercy had not been extended in vain : 
No thoughts of regret would our bosoms invade. 
For the havoc which Time in his progress had made, 
Since the flowers which his scythe had cut down in 

their bloom, 
We should meet where triumphant no more is Uie 

tomb. 

May the year that is coming bring grace on its vring, 
And around us its shadow may happiuess fling ; 
May the griefs we have known be dispersed like the 

night, 
And the hearts that we love still remain to delight ; 
And should we be destined to number with those i 
To whom the year opens, but never may close, 
May our lives have been such that nor tear-drop nor ' 

sigh 
Shall escape to proclaim it is painful to die. 

William Gaspey. 



BOOK OF THE WEEK. 



THE BRITISH NAVY, RUSSIA, &c* 

When we took up Mr. Stephens's volumes, 
indicated below, we naturally expected that they 
would put us in possession of some important 
information as to the actual state of the Russian 
navy ; a navy by which that of Great Britain 
has lately been threatened to be swept from the 



* Incidents of Travel in the Russian and Turkish 
Empires. By J. L. Stephens, Esq. Author of Inci- 
dents of " Travel in the Holy Land." 2 vols, post 
8vo. Bentley. 1839. 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



75 



seas. We do not say that Russia herself has 
threatened this, ambitious and daring as she 
is known to be : no, the threat has emanated 
from some of our own degenerate fellow-coun- 
trymen — weak or mischievous alarmists, who 
seem to derive pleasure and enjojrment from 
aught that may tend to place their own govern- 
ment and nation in a degraded or humiliating 
point of view. France also, might, by her su- 
perior naval force, if she chose, assail, bum, and 
destroy the shipping in our harbours — ^ravage 
our coast towns — and even seize and carry oflf 
our gracious Queen from Brighton, or from any 
other watering place where she might happen 
to be inhaling the fresh breeze of the ocean. 
For our own part we have no fears. 

On the point referred to, Mr. Stephens's 
book has disappointed us. However, as we 
feel the subject to be one of vital interest, we 
cannot refruin from availing ourselves of the 
opportunity which presents itself for shewing 
that the navy of Britain is by no means in 
that feeble or despicable state, either in itself 
or comparatively, that the alarmists have re- 
presented. For this gratifying opportunity we 
are indebted to The Naval and Military Gazette, 
one of the most impartial, best-informed, and 
best conducted journals of the metropolis. From 
a long and detailed statement we copy the fol- 
lowing brief passages, which contain facts 
abundantly sufficient for our present purpose. 

"Since 1836 the navy of England has been 
streDgtbened in the number and force of the ships in 
commission, and a large fleet has been brought for- 
^rard and partially prepared for sea, as ** demonstration 
ships/' which might be fully equipped at a short no- 
tice in the event of emergency. The Whigs have also 
added 5,000 men to the navy, and introduced the 
extended system of apprenticeship, thus providing 
for the rearing of seamen attached to the service, and 
perfectly acquainted with their duty. By them also 
the sean^n gunnery has been brought to a state of 
perfection, and the ordinary has been rendered efii- 
cient as a provision for manning sea-going ships ; and 
whatever may be said as to the advantage or disad- 
vantage, in a scientific point of view, of the system of 
ship-building introduced by the present surveyor of 
the navy, nobody can deny tliat he has constructed 
more formidable fighting ships, and rendered the 
same class of English vessels better able to cope with 
those of foreign powers.'' 

Again: — 

" Let us refer to the grossly exaggerated statements 
^hich have been put forth respecting the naval force 
of other powers, merely premising that we make no 
assertions that we are not prepared to prove by refe- 
rence to public documents or other satisfactory evi- 
dence. First, then, we are told that the French navy 
exceeds our own in numbers and in strens;th. Wliat 
n the fact ? France has forty-nme sail-of-the-line, 
including all that are in commission, building, ordered 
tobebuilt, or aremerehulks. England has eighty good 



line-of-battle ships in a more or less serviceable state, 
besides hulks, receiving ships, coal depots, &c. Of 
these eighteen are first-rates, carrying from 104 to 
120 guns ; and twenty second-rates, of from 80 to 
92 guns. Again, we find it stated that the French ships 
are nearly all new, when the fact is, that only four 
sail-of-the-line have been launched from the French 
arsenals since 1830, a period of eight years, while no 
less than thirty of our ships have never been to sea 
since they were launched. Further, instead of twenty 
two sail-of-line in commission, as stated by Mr. Ur- 
quhart, and re-echoed by the alarmists of the press, 
France has only eleven in commission. England has 
twenty-one. Nor has France increased li'^r navy 
since the war, for in 1816 she had 72 sail-of-the-line, 
while at present she has only 49, 12 of which are 
building, and a great majority of the remainder would 
require repairs before going to sea. As to the United 
States, it is seriously affirmed in some of the journals 
that the American navy exceeds our own, though 1 2 
sails-of-the-line are all they possess, including those 
building on the stocks, decayed hulks, and the federal 
government has only two sail-of-the-line in commis- 
sion. With respect to Russia, her fleet in the Black 
Sea, which last year consisted of twelve sail-of-the- 
line, since reduced by the storms of last summer to 
nine, must be accounted as nothing while Turkey has 
the command of the Dardanelles, and continues her 
relations with England. Her Baltic fleet two years 
since mustered twenty eight sail-of-the-line : but it is 
well known that:many of these are crazy ships, utterly 
unfit to leave the Baltic ; and it may be safely said 
that fifleen-sail-of-the-line are as many as Russia 
could trust on a voyage into the Channel, for if ever 
so quixotic, she could not leave her own coast alto- 
gether unprotected. And is England, which the 
world could not bow, to be frightened at the idea of 
fifteen Russian line-of-battle ships making their ap- 
pearance on our shores ? our tars would soon gfive a 
good account of them.'* 

We have said that Mr. Stephens's book has 
disappointed us on the score of information re- 
lative to the Russian navy. So also has it dis- 
' appointed us respecting that of Turkey. 

Mr. Stephens, however, (who is an Ame- 
rican,) is a pleasant, gossiping, and amusing 
writer ; and his volumes are well stocked with 
anecdotes, personal adventures, and miscel- 
laneous notices by the thousand. If not very 
new in his statements, he is at least agreeable. 
Here is an account of a laughable rencontre in 
Poland, very similar to one which occurred to 
us a few years since in France. 

" I was almost asleep, when I noticed a strapping 
big man, muffled up to the eyes, standing at my feet 
and looking in my face. I raised my head, and he 
walked round, keeping his eyes fixed upon me, and 
went away. Shortly after he returned, and again walk- 
ino round, stopped and addressedm, * Spreechen 
sie Deutsch?' 1 answered by asking him if he 
could speak French ; and not being able, he went 
away. He returned again, and a;;ain walked round 
as before, looking steadily in my face; I rose on my 
elbow, and followed him with my eyes till I bad 
turned completely round with him. when he stopped 
as if satisfied with his observations, and in his broad- 



75 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



est vernacular opened bluntly, *Had'nt we better 
speak English?' I need not say that I entirely 
agreed with him. I sprang up, and catching his 
hand, asked what possessed him to begin upon me in 
Dutch ; he replied by asking why I had answered in 
French, adding that bis stout English figure ought to 
have made me know better ; and af^er mutual good- 
natured recriminations, we kicked my straw bed about 
the iioor, and agreed to make a night of it. IJe was 
the proprietor of a large iron manufactory, distant 
about three days' journey, and was then on his way 
to Warsaw. He went out to his carriage, and one of 
his servants produced a stock of provisions like the 
larder of a well-furnished hotel ; and as I had gone 
to bed supperless, he seemed a good, stout, broad- 
shouldered guardian angel sent to comfort me. We 
sat on the back seat of the carriage, making a table of 
the front ; and when we had finished, and the frag- 
ments were cleared away, we stretched our legs on 
the table, lighted our pipes, and talked till we fell 
asleep on each other*s shoulder. Notwithstanding 
our intimacy so far, we should not have known each 
other by daylight, and at break of day we went out- 
side to examine each other. It may, however, per- 
haps hardly worth while to retain a recollection of 
features ; for, unless by some such accident as that 
which brought us together, we never shall meet 
again. We wrote our names in each other's pocket- 
book as a memorial of our meeting, and at the same 
moment started on our opposite roads.'' 

One of the most interesting chapters in Mr. 
Stephens's work is devoted to the state of Po- 
land, historical and political ; but it is too long 
for the purpose of extract. All that we can 
further find room for, and that with some diffi- 
culty, is the author's description of the salt 
mines of Cracow, into which he descended. 
Having reached the bottom — 

"We were furnished with guides, who went before 
us bearing torches, and I followed through the whole 
labyrinth of passages, forming the largest excavations 
in Europe, peopled with upward of two thousand 
souls, and giving a complete idea of a subterraneous 
world. These mines are known to have been 
worked upward of six hundred years, being men- 
tioned in tne Polish annals as early as twelve hun- 
dred and thirty-seven, under Boleslaus the Chaste, 
and then not as a new discovery, but how much 
earlier they had existed cannot now be ascertained. 
The tradition is, that a sister of St. Casimer, having 
lost a gold ring, prayed to St. Anthony, the patron 
saint of Cracow, and was advised in a dream that, by 
digging in such a place, she would find a treasure far 
greater than that she had lost, and within the place 
indicated these mines were discovered. 

There are four different stories or ranges of apart- 
ments ; the whole length of the excavations is more 
than six thousand feet, or three quarters of an hour's 
walk, and the greatest breadth more than two thou- 
sand feet ; and there are so many turnings and wind- 
ings that my guide to^d me, though I hardly think it 
possible, that the whole length of all the passages cut 
through this bed of salt amounts to more than three 
hundred miles. Many of the chambers are of im- 
mense size. Some are supported by timber, others 



by vast pillars of salt; several are without any sup- 
port in the middle, and of vast dimensions, perhaps 
eighty feet high, and so long and broad as almost to 
appear a boundless subterraneous cavern. In one of 
the largest is a lake covering nearly the whole area. 
When the King of Saxony visited this place in eight- 
teen hundred and ten, after taking possession of his 
moiety of the mines as Duke of Warsaw, this portion 
of them was brilliantly illuminated, and a band of 
music, floating on the lake, ma^le the roof ech9 with 
patriotic airs. We crossed the lake in a flat boat by 
a rope, the dim light of torches, and the hollow 
sound of our voices, giving a lively idea of a passage 
across the Styx : and we had a scene which might 
have entitled us to a welcome from the prince of the 
infemals, for our torch-bearers quarrelled, and in a 
scuffle that came near carrying us all with them, one 
was tumbled ipto the lake. Our Charon caught 
him, and, without stopping to take him in, hurried 
across, and as soon as we landed beat them both un- 
mercifully. 

From this we entered an immense cavern, in 
which several hundred men were working with pick- 
axes and hatchets, cutting out large blocks of salt, 
and trimming them to suit the size of barrels. With 
their black faces begrimed with dust isnd smoke, 
they looked by the light of the scattered toi-cbes like 
the journeymen of Beelzebub, the prince of darkness, 
preparing for some great blow-up, or like the spirits 
of the damned condemned to toil without end. My 
guide called up a party, who disengaged with their 
pickaxes a large block of salt from its native bed, and 
in a few minutes cut and trimmed it to fit the barrels 
in which they are packed. All doubts as to their 
being creatures of our upper world were removed by 
the eagerness with which they accepted the money I 
gave them : and it will be satisfactory to the advo- 
cates of that currency to know that paper money 
passes readily in these lower regions. 

We are under the necessity of. abruptly 
breaking off, but shall finish this interesting 
extract next week. 



CORRESPONDENCE. 



To the Editor of The Aldine Magazine. 

THE GREENWICH RAILWAY. 

Sir, — I was glad to see your notice of what you 
justly term *^ the crying and daily increasing nuisance 
of the Railroads." The imposition practised by the 
Directors of the Greenwich Railway, on its comple- 
tion and opening, will I trust ere long cure itself. 
The fares are now advanced from 6d. to 8d. for the 
second class carriages, and to a Is. for the first class. . 
Tolerable, perhaps, for persons residing in the neigh- 
borhood of Gracechurch Street ; but how are the west- 
end people to be advantaged by it ? I live in the 
vicinity of Charing Cross ; consequently, I can jro to 
Greenwich in an omnibus for 9d., or in a coach for a 
Is.; but, should the fancy take for a trip by the 
Railway in preference, I must " pay for my whistle," 
by a long and disagreeable walk, or by disbursing an 
extra sixpence, shilling, or eighteen pence, before I 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



77 



can arrire at the starting place of the train, near the 
sou them part of London bridge. 

Such, upon a small scale, is the economy induced 
by Railway travelling. I am, &c. 

Anti-Humbug. 



[Extractofa Letter from "An Old Bookseller's 

Son," at Rome.] 



" Howe, 



1838. 



I HAVE just returned from the Corse (course) a street 
10 called, as tiiere are horse races there every day of 
the Carnival ; and this was its eighth and last day, 
distinguished by one of the most curious customs I 
ever witnessed. This street, which runs in a straight 
line almost through Rome, and is one of the finest, 
has been, for the time mentioned, full of maskers, in 
carriages and on foot, pelting their acquaintances with 
sham and real sweetmeats, but principally the latter. 
The people in feet (although naturally rather grave, 
and i» this respect unlike the rest of Italy ) seem 
just now literally mad, and amusements of the most 
ludicrous nature are carried on. The Horse, Races 
are pretty as they run this long line without riders, 
between a double row of spectators, on the foot patl) 
on each side. They carry their own spurs, which are 
little balls full of spikes, that slap against the horses' 
sides. But the scene I have just witnessed surpasses 
all description, and is the finest of the Carnival. It is 
thesame custom as one I described at Pisa, yet there is 
hardly a comparison between the two. This immense 
street is filled, from one end to the other, with lights 
in the air (by means of long rods) in the windows, 
balconies, in carriages, and in the hands of foot-pas- 
sengers masked. The windows and fronts of the 
houses, hung with rich tapestries ; the costumes ; the 
beauty of the women; the excitement of the maskers, 
Combined to produce a scene I shall not forget. The 
object is to put out these lights, with long flags, 
baodkerchiefs, feathers, &c. the whole of which is 
conducted with perfect good temper. Every group 
ym a picture ; their lovely Italian faces, rich cbs- 
tumes,animated expressions,by the lightof their tapers, 
in a thousand ways bewildered me with pleasure and 
delight, and I intend to commence to-morrow some 
sketches of it. All is now silent, except a troop of 
maskers near me, who are dinning the ears of a wo- 
man with the rough music of kettles, &c. for having 
married a month after her first husband died. To 
night all Rome is surfeited with an excess of eating. 
To-morrow begins with festing and praying. Adieu. 



SCRAPIANA. 



Apparent ran nantes in gurgite vasto. 

ViRO. 

Chatterton. 

William Bradford Smith was Chatterton's bosom 
^d ; in fact they were birds of a feather. He was 
4e person to whoin Chatterton addressed the letter 
commencing "Infallible Doctor." He was not a 
medical man, but, after various vicissitudes of fortune, 
vent upon the stage, and wrote verses in torrents 
^ily to within a few hours of his death, which hap- 
pened only three years ago. He had once a quantity 
of the youth's autogiapbs; but he gave them away or 



lost them. To the last he never would believe 
that Chatterton was the author of "The Poems." 
" What sir," he would say, ** he write Kowley f No, 
no, no ! I knew him well ; he was a clever fellow, 
but could not write Rowley, There was a mystery 
about * The Poems* beyond me, but Tom no more 
wrote them than I did ; he could not." Such was 
the undeviating opinion of Chatterton^s every-day 
companion.—Gcnf/eman's Magazine. 

Old Rules for Purchasing Land, 

The following rules are copied from a work entitled 
" A Book of the Arte and Manner how to plant and 
graffe all Sorts of Trees, 6fCy* translated from the 
French by Leonard Mascall, dedicated to Sir John 
Paulet, Knt., Lord St. John, and printed by John 
Wyghte, or Wight, in 1586 :— 

" Who so will be wise in purchasing. 
Let him considere these points following. 
First see that the lande be cleare. 
In title of the sellar. 
And that it stand in danger. 
Of no woman's dowrie. 
See whether the tenure be bond or free, 
And release of euerie feoffee. 
See that the seller be of age. 
And that it lie not in morgage. 
Whether a taile be thereout found. 
And whether it stand in statute bound. 
Consider what seruice longeth thereto, 
And what quitrent thereto must go. 
And if it be come of a wedded woman. 
Think thou then on couert baron. 
And if you may in any wise. 
Make thy charter with warrantise. 
To thee, thine heires, assignes also, 
Thus should a wise purchaser do.'' 

Poetical Catalogue. 

The following poetical catalogue of the authors of 
the celebrated library of Egbert, Archbishop of York, 
is perhaps the oldest catalogue in all the regions of 
literature, certainly the oldest in England. It was 
written by Flaccus Alcuinus, the preceptor of Charle- 
magne, and librarian to Arciibishop Egbert : — 

" Here, duly placed on consecrated ground. 
The studied works of many an age are found ; 
The ancient Fathers* reverend remains ; 
The Roman Laws, which freed a world from chains; 
Whatever of lore passed from immortal Greece 
To Latian lands, and gained a rich encrease. 
All that blest Israel drank in showers from heaven. 
Or Afric sheds soft as the dew of even. 
Jerom the father, 'mong a thousand sons. 
And Hiliary, whose sense profusely runs : 
Ambrose^ who nobly guides both church and state ; 
Augustin, good and eminently great ; 
And holy Athanasius — sacred name I 
All that proclaims Orosins^ learned fame. 
Whatever the lofty Gregory hath taught, 
Or Leo pontiff — good without a fault,' 
With all that shines illustrious in the page ; 
Or Bosi/ eloquent — Fulgent ins sage; 
And Cassiodorus with a consul's power, 
Yet eae:er to improve the studious hour ; 
And ChrysostoMy whose fame immortal flies. 
Whose style, whose sentiment, demand the prize. 



78 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



All that Adhelmui wrote, and all that flows 

From Beda*8 fruitful mind in verse and prose. 

Lo ! Victorinm, and Boetius, hold 

A place for sage philosophy of old . 

Here sober history tells her ancient tale, 

Tompey to charm, and Fliny never fail ; 

The Stagyrite unfolds his searching page, 

And TuUy flames, the glory of his age. 

Here you may listen to Sedulian strains, 

And sweet Juvencu$* lays delight the plains. 

Alcui7iy Paulinus, Prosperi, sing or show 

With Clemens and Arator all they know; 

What Fortunatus and Lactantius wrote ; 

What Virgil pours in many a pleasing note; 

Statins, and Lvcan and the polished sage,' 

Whose Art of Grammar guides a barbarous age. 

In fine, whate'er the immortal masters taught. 

In all their rich variety of thought. 

And as the names sound from the roll of fame, 

Donatus, Focas, Prician, Prohas claim 

An honoured place — and Servius joins the band. 

While also move, with mien formed to command, 

Euticim, Pompey, and Commeniariy wise 

In all the lore antiquity supplies. 

Here the pleased reader cannot fail to find 

Other famed maslers of the arts refined. 

Whose numerous works penned in a beauteous style, 

Delight (he studenf , and all care beguile ; 

Whose names, a lengthened and illustrious throng, 

I waive at present, and conclude my song." 

■*■■»■■■-■■ ■^-^—^^— — ■■■!■ ■■!■ I^M— MM^^W 

NOTICE OF NEW BOOKS, &c. 

Heads of the People taken off by Quizfizzz. No.II. 
Tyas. 1838. 

At the moment when we received No. II. of this 
amusing and exceedingly clever periodical, our time 
and space were sufficient only for the mention of its 
four " Heads."— The Lion, The Medical Student, 
The Maid of All Work, and The Fashionable Phy- 
sician. We therefore need not apologise for revert- 
ing to it, for the purpose of giving one brief extract 
(we wish we could quote the whole) from Henry 
Brownrigg's description of "The * Lion' of a Party.*' 
— incomparably the best illustration of the whole. 
Here is the introduction — a thing of life. 

" A Subtle Italian, no less a man than the Count 
Pecchio, has called London * the grave of great repu- 
tations.' In simple, prosaic phrase, this our glorious 
metropolis is — a vast cemetery for * Lions !' They 
are whelped every season ; and, frail and evanescent 
as buttercups, they every season die ; that is, they do 
not die body and bones, but have a most fatal cuta- 
neous and depilatory disorder — a mortality that goes 
skin-deep, and little more — a disease that strips them 
of their hide, and tail, and mane ; yea, that makes 
the very * Lions' that, but a few months since, shook 
whole coteries with the thunder of their voices, roar 
as ' gently as any sucking-doves.' The ferocious 
dignity of the ' Lion' in fine condition — the grimness 
of hissmile — the lashing might of his muscular tail 
— all the grand and terrible attributes of the leonine 
nature, pass away with the season — he is no longer a 
thing or wonder, a n)arvellously-gifted creature, at 

which 

" the boldest hold their breath, 

For a time." 

but a mere biped-Hiiraply, a human animal — a man^ 



and nothing more ! He walks and talks uiiwatched 
amid a crowd ; and spinsters who, but a year before, i 
would have scarcely suppressed * a short, shrill ' 
shriek' at his approach, let him pass with an easy and ' 
familiar nod — it may be, even with a nod of patro- 
nage ; or, if it happen that they remember his merits 
of the past season, they speak of them with the same ; 
philosophical coldness with which they would touch ' 
upon the tails and ears of a long-departed spaniel. \ 

It is a sad thing for a * Lion' to outlive his ma- '■■ 
jesty ; to survive his nobler attributes, — it may be, lost 
to him in the very prime of life, thus leaving him be- \ 
reft of all life's graces. And yet, how many men— ; 
' Lions' once, with flowing manes, and tails of won- i 
drous length and strength — have almost survived ■ 
even the recollection of their leonine greatness, and, j 
conforming to the meekness- and sobriety of tame ■ 
humanity, might pass for nobodies. I 

At page 34, we find a most pungent piece of 
satire — the more pungent because titeraUy true — we 
can OURSELVES vouch for its truth— on the fierce ra- 
pacity of certain fashionable and aristocratic con- 
tributors to certain fashionable annuals, which Mr. 
Brownrigg knows as well as we know, it would be ; 
no difficult task to name. ' 



THE THEATRES, CONCERTS, &c. 

Either in this super-philosophical age, pantomime 
is going out of fashion, or our theatrical managers 
have lost the art of its manufacture. Harlequins and 
columbines, pantaloons and clowns, are not the same 
sort of things now that they were when Follet, with 
his hanging sleeves, used to swallow carrots by the 
bunch for the delectation of George III., or when 
Joe Grimaldi made faces and threw himself into 
every possible and impossible posture to excite the * 
risible muscles of children of every age fix)m a twelve- 
month to three-fourths of a century. More recently 
we were accustomed for several seasons to gaze with 
delight upon the beautiful and instructive panoramas 
of Stanfield, the Grieves, 8cc., productions which, by 
their pictorial excellence, reflected credit upon the 
state of the fine arts in this country. Even these are 
now discontinued, and we have little to occupy their 
place but the most wretched mummery and contempt- 
ible burlesques of Fairy Tales. 

Let us glance for a moment at the exhibitions of 
Monday evening. At Drury Lane, after the almost 
sacrilegious performance upon such an occasion of 
the two first acts of Bellini's Sonnambula, was given 
what was termed a new grand comic pantomime, 
under the title of Harlequin and Jack Frost, or Old 
Goody Hearty. The title in a great measure tells 
the story — at least, all of it that is necessary to he 
known. VVieland, as the Clown, was, as he always is 
excellent. Yates and the Bayaderes were miserably in- 
troduced, and though the burlesque Bayadere swallow- 
ed a red-hot poker, even that failed to please the en- 
lightened galleries. A mock Van Amburgh Academy 
for Brute-taming followed, and, afler that, the real 
Van Amburgh with his real Lions. Another attraction 
was attempted by the members of the Lehmann and 
Winther families who performed some very clever 
tricks, but without much apparent effect upon the 
audience, Even the little boys and girls seemed too 
fastidious to be pleased without knowing why. 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



70 



I Coyent Garden was not very elaborate in its at- 
I tempt. There, after Jane Shore, was a tragi-comic 
ptiDtomime, called Harlequin and Fair Rosamond. 
Doe of the pleasantest points was the '* dagger dance"' 
of the Bayaderes given in the scene of Hyde Park 
Tair, pantaloon beating time with broken crockery. 
Van Amburgh's menagerie was brought forward with 
laughable effect. The Chum stirs up the African 
lioD with a red-hot poker, draws his teeth, and then 
(DOtwflhstanding the beast wags his tail portentously) 
pats his head into his mouth, and Anally creeps in on 
all fours. The cage is thrown open by accident, and 
all the beasts and beastesses charge the crowds in 
Hyde Park. Two leopards seize on the well-filled 
pockets of Pantaloon for "their fairing,*' and two 
wars fight for a big boy, whom they seize trundling 
aboop. 

TbeHaymarket, less ambitious than its neighbours, 
liad no pantomime at all, nor was there any other no- 
velty as a substitute ; consequently it was less 
crowded. The Youthful Queen, and O^Flannigan and 
the FairieSy and Tom Noddy's Secret, were, how- 
ever, performed with considerable spirit. 

Yates, at the Adelphi, appears to have been more 
successful than most of his rivals. Jim Crow was 
Jumped with unwearied and unwearying agility ; 
Nicholas Nickleby had his due number of admirers ; 
and the evening was wound up with Harlequin and 
the Silver Dove, or the Fairy of the Golden Ladder, 
It served as a vehicle for some very pretty scenery, 
and various pleasant tricks and transformations. 

At the Olympic Mr. Charles Mathews made his 
Urst appearance since his return from America. It 
^*as in the second piece of the evening, Patter versus 
Clatter, that he came forward looking full of life and 
Itealth, though almost as thin as his father was when 
Tate Wilkinson told him he was only fit to play the 
starved apothecary in Romeo and Juliet, and would 
nquire stuffing for that. For several minutes the 
performance could not go on for the cheering from all 
parts of the house, and cries of " Welcome back to 
England !" The cordiality of this reception ap- 
peared in some degree to overset him. He soon re- 
covered his self-possession, however, and rattled 
away with infinite volubility through his monologue 
uid the interspersed songs. He announced his own 
re^ippearance " every night," amid much applause, 
and was afterwards called before the curtain, in order 
iw doubt, as the audience and probably he himself 
expected, to make a speech. But his heart was too 
much in his mouth to allow of success in this at- 
tempt. " Ladies and Gentlemen," he said, " I really 

^I -thank you, with all my heart. I ^but I 

caonot answer kindness. Where I thought I was 

ill-used, the words flowed, and I spoke as if 

Really, Ladies and Gentlemen, you imagine for me 
what I should say, for I cannot — cannot say it ;" and 
with this, off he ran. 

The Surrey treated its visitors with Oliver Twist, 
and after that with a pantomime, entitled Harlequin 
i^the Enchanted Figs, or the Little Yellow Man 
9fthe Golden Mountains, founded on a well-known 
JiMsery tale. The scenery was well painted, and 
peat praise is due to Mr. P. Phillip*s Pictorial 
Annual, or Grand Diorama, which represents a tour 
OD the Danube, commencing with a view of Bel- 
pde, passing on to Buda and Brest, and then tracmg 
u iti course the valley aud fortress of BretkO; Uie 



castle and ramparts of Presburg, the market-place of 
Oedenburg, Vienna at Sunset, Schoenbrunn, Duren- 
stein, and St. Michael Melk, and finally Ratisbon, 
with the French troops forcing the passage of the 
bridge against the Austrians, and Napoleon wounded. 

The Victoria also had a harlequinade called Har- 
lequin and the Sprite of the Elfin Glen; "romantic, 
germanic, legendary, serio and opertica." 

The City of London Theatre nad a new dramatic 
drama called the Scarlet Mantle ; which was fol- 
lowed by Moncrieff*s whimsical trifle The Kingdom 
of Women ; to which was added, a pantomime bear- 
ing the title of Jane Shore ; or, Harlequin and the 
Baker of Shoreditch. 

If at any of the Houses a deficiency of quality have 
been detected, there certainly was none of quantity. 



NECROLOGY. 



On the afternoon of Tuesday, the 18th of December, 
at his residence. Brook Green, Hammersmith, died 
Mr. James Moyes, an eminent printer, of Castle 
Street, Leicester Square. As a personal friend, we 
had long nown and highly esteemed him, for he 
was worthy of all love. We first knew him, as rea- 
der, at Mr. Gold's oflBce, in Shoe Lane, formerly the • 
depository of Cox's celebrated Museum, and now, 
we believe, the printing office of the Morning Herald 
and of the Whitehall Chronicle. 

Mr. Moyes was next in Greville Street, Hatton 
Garden, in business as a printer on his own account. 
There, if we naistake not, he sustained considerable 
loss by fire. Subsequently, he had a new and spaci- 
pus office erected for him — one of the most compact 
and commodious in London — at the bottom of Bou- 
verie Street, Fleet Street. There, from a variety of 
circumstances, over which he could have had no con- 
troul, the calamity of failure in business overtook him. 
This event preyed deeply on his health, and,ft)r a time, 
his reason was dispaired of. Fortunately for him- 
self, his family, and his fi-iends, he recovered ; and, 
from that time until his death, he carried on, in Castle 
Street, one of the most respectable and most flourish- 
ing businesses in London. Considering the extent 
of his connexion, it was singularly select, and of high 
character. 

For many years, Mr. Moyes printed that most 
deservedly successful publication The Literary 
Gazette. 

Mr. Moyes was a native of Scotland, and was, we 
believe, rather more than 60 years of age. He was 
twice married : his second wife was the daughter of 
Benjamin Oakley, Esq., formerly of Catherine Streets 
in the Strand. That lady, with a young family of a son 
and three daughters, survives him to lament her loss. 

Mr. Moyes was a man of regular and active habit ; 
of a mild, cheerful, and truly amiable disposition; 
and, with his intimates, kind, liberal, and somewhat 
facetious in manneir. As a man of ability in his 
profession, no one ranked above him. All his trans- 
actions were chaiacterised by the strictest integrity 
and honour. In all the social relations of life — as 
a fi"iend, husband, and father — Moyes was, in the 
best and in every sense of the expression, B.good man. 

Dr. Potjqueville, an intelligent physician and 
traveller^ who died at Paris on the 31st instant; .wa0 



80 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 




a native of Normandy, and was born in the year 1 770. 
In 1798, he accompanied the memoriable French 
expedition to Kgypt, in his professional capacity. 
After a residence of some months in that country, he 
embarked in a Leghorn tartan with the view of re- 
turning to Europe. On his way home he was cap- 
tured by a Barbary corsair, stripped of all that he 
possessed, and put on shore, with some French invalid 
o/hcers, on the coast of the Morea. Thence he was 
sent to Constantinople, and confined in the prison of 
the Sfeven Towers. On his return to France, in 1803, 
he resumed the study of medicine, and delivered 
publicly a thesis on the plague of the East. In 1805, 
he was appointed consul-general in Greece, an office 
which he held till 1818. He was long a resident at 
Janina, the capital of the celebrated Ali Pacha. 

Dr. Pouqucville published "A Journey in the 
Morea, to Constantinople, in Albania, and in several 
other parts of the Ottoman Empire,'^ in three volumes 
octavo; "A Journey in Continental Greece;" a 
" History of the Regeneration of Greece," and some 
other works. 

Dr. Pouqueville was a member of the French In- 
stitute, and of several other learned and scientific 
societies. 



VARIETIES. 



Copy of a "Letter written by a Poet to his Tailor, — 
'* Sir, as my coat is doomed to run through a third 
edition, I hope you will add a stripe to the skirts 
by way of appendix. 

Friendship. — ^The flame of friendship shines but in 
the night of life ; for the sun of prosperity overpowers 
its rays. 

The facetious surgeon E , speaking of a frisky 

matron of eighty, com])ared her to Mount i£tna, 
crowned with snow, and lined with^re. 

Blackfriars Bridge. — When will this awfully 
dangerous entrance into the gi'eat city of London be 
comple'ely finished, in its repairs, and at what cost ? 
The expense of building it was 152,840/., and as 
Westminster Bridge is not more than 400 feet longer 
than Blackfriars, it probably did not cost 70,000/. 
more. 

A German writer observes, that in England there 
is such a scarcity of' thieves, they are obliged to offer 
a reward for their discovery. 

Printing and Binding. — When the Americans sent 
Dr. Franklin, a 'printer, as minister to France, the 
court of Versailles bent M. Girard, a bookbinder, 
and a man of talent, as minister to the Congress. 
" Well," said Dr. Franklin, ** I'll print the inde- 
pendence of America, and M. Girard will bind it. 

Copied from a Provincud Print. — Wants a situ- 
ation in an Academy, as Latin Assistant, a middle- 
aged mati of good morals, who can eat anything, 
drink anything, and sleep on anything. 

Home Tooke, and Wilkes. — On one occasion, 
Home Tooke wrote a challenge to John Wilkes, who 
was then one of the Sheriffs for the County of AJiddle 
sex. Wilkes had signalized himself in a most deter- 
mined affair with Martin on account of the No. 4.5, in 
the North Briton ; and he wrote to Home the followint? 
laconic reply to the challenge. " Sir, I do not think 
it my business to cut the throat of any desperado that 
may be tired of his life, but as I am at present High 



Sheriff for the City of London, it may happen that I 
may shortly have an opportunity of attending you ia 
my official capacity, in which case I will answer fa 
it, that you shall have no ground to complain of my 
endeavours to save you.'' 

N.B. Home was on the eve of trial for high trea- 
son, with several others. 



TO SUBSCRIBERS & CORRESPONDENTS. 

"The M4RRrAGE System," in our next, if 
possible. 

We have not forgotten 0. 



ERRATA. 

At paffe 55 of our last, col. 2, lines 38 and 39 from the topr 
for *• Clovjs, the first Christian King: of France, was crownod 
on Christmas Day, l642; 196 years ago"— rearf "Chrifitnws 
Day, 496, 1342 years ago. 

At page 66, col. 2, line 7 of the second stanza of Music at 
Sea, for— 

*' He's sitting near that fond troc heart," 
read — 

" He*s nettling near, &c. 



• WORKS IN THE PRESS. 

In demy quarto, embellished with copper-plates, 
containing many hundred drawings, explanatory^ 
the letter-press. Part I. of " The WorkwomoM^s 
Guide, containing instructions to the Inexperienced 
in Cutting out and Completing those Articles of 
Wearing Apparel which are usually made at Home; 
also. Explanations of Upholstery, House Linen, 
Straw Platting, Bonnet Making, and Knitting." Bf 
a Lady. 

We are informed that a new Poem entitled " The 
Ante-diluvian, or the World Destroyed,'' is jo« 
ready, which is said to possess great interest. 

Dr. Curie's " Domestic Homaopathy.'' 

An Exposition on the first Eleven Chapters of the 
Book of Uenesis, by the late P. Henry. 18mo. 

BOOKS JUST PUBLISHED. 

The Journal and Letters of the Rev. H. Martyn, new edilifli^ I 
l2mo. abridged, Qs. cloth. . Biddulph's Plain Sermons, thirt i 
series, l2mo. 3s. cloth. . East on Afflictions and Desertions, Sm 
7s. 6d. cloth .Ferguson's Essays on the Diseases of Wome^ 
postsvo. 9s. 6d. boards.... The Widow of Barnaby, byMr^ 
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THE "SLANG" STYLE. 

It a father were desirous that his son should 
be imbued with the principles of true religion 
—that he should be bred in the obsenrance and 
practice of the soundest morality — ^that he 
ahoold acquire a nice and lofty sense of honour 
—that he should be devoted, life and soul, to 
an that is good, and great, and noble, and god- 
like in our nature — that he should aim at be- 
coming the pattern, the model, the paragon, the 
dory of his race — ^what are the measures that 
he would pursue for the attainment of his pur- 
pose ? Would he initiate him in the mysteries 
of vice — render him familiar with the lowest of 
the low, the most degraded of our species ? 
Or, would he train him in the paths of virtue — 
ifltroduce him to the temple of the goddess — 
and point his emulation to the learned, the 
wise, the heroic, the philosophical, of present 
and past ages ? 

If a mother were anxious — and what mother 
is not thus anxious — that her daughter, with all 
the loveliness should retain all the pristine 
innocence of her sex — ^that, as a daughter, a 
Mter, a friend, a wife, a mother, she should be 
diaste, and virtuous in all her actions of life — 
^hat would be her conduct ? Would she place 
Wore her child, as objects of study and imita- 
tion, the Rebeccas, the Portias, the Lucretias 
of ancient times ? Or, would she paint, in 
liright and alluring colours, the deeds of a 
Helen, a Thais, an Aspasia, a Messalina, or a 
Catherine de Medici ? 

Surely these questions are self-answered. ' 

It was a maxim of the ancient Romans, that 
BO indecent word should greet the ear, no 
nnaeemly or immodest word the eye, of their 
youth. And are we, professors of the Christian 
teh, and living in a civilised and philosophical 
age, less correct in our morals, less tender in 
•mr sense of delicacy and propriety, than were 
4e heathens of antiquity ? 

Pew are the accidents of life that tend more 
to meliorate, to refine, to enlarge, and to elevate 
1^ mind than the study of high art, whether 
a pointing or in sculpture — the works, for 



▼Ol, X. NO, VI. 



instance, of RafFaele, Corregio, Michael Angelo» 
and others. It is hardly possible for us to con- 
template and analyse a fine picture, or statue, 
or an exquisite group of sculpture, without be- 
coming wiser and better, and more amiable, by 
the process. We depart from the scene with 
our intellectual sense expanded, with our feel- 
ings harmonised, with an increased and more 
intense love of our species, and with our souls 
attuned to the admiration and worship of the 
Creator of allgood. 

If such be the effect of studying and familiar- 
ising ourselves with the noblest productions of 
art, what may we not hope for from contempla- 
ing and emulating the beauties and excellences 
of Nature — not only of human but of the divine 
nature.^ Should man ever attain, or even 
reach a close approximation to, " perfectibility" 
upon earth, it must be by stud3ring and emula- 
ting all that is great and good in heaven. 

On the other hand, let us inquire what is to 
be gained by an observance of, and familiarisa- 
tion with vulgarity and vice — with all that is 
low, and vicious, and criminal in our species ? 
If we are disposed to become virtuous, estima- 
ble, and elevated in mind by studying the beau- 
tiful and graceful in art, and by the emulation 
of lofty morsl excellence, are we not at least 
equally liable to become vile and debased by an 
association with the mean, the worthless, and 
the wicked } It was wisely said, that ** evil 
communications corrupt good manners :" no 
man, or woman, ever i^s into the utmost 
depths of wickedness at once; but, the first 
step taken, it is impossible to say where the 
terminus may be found. Let us guard, then, 
against the first step. 

Much do we doubt whether any man ever 
were the better, whatever he might be the wiser, 
for studying the works of Hogarth. He may 
admire the skill of the artist, but he cannot— 
at least ought not — to sympathise with his sub- 
jects. There are cases in which ** ignorance is 
bliss." And, were it possible, would it not be 
desirable to remain for ever ignorant of the 
existence of vice ? And, without bringing it to 
our doors — ^without introducing it into our par- 



LoBdoii : FKintedbj J. llAmms, a9» AUtangtte StiMt 



82 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



lours, our drawing-rooms, our boudoirs — with- 
out placing it under the very noses of our 
wives and children — those whom We would 
willingly preserve without spot of stain or any 
such thing — are we not, in our daily walks, 
compelled to witness too much of it — to be too 
deeply initiated in its mysteries ? We pause 
for a reply. 

Some of our readers are perhaps inclined to 
inquire, by this time, what reference all this 
may bear to the words at the head of this brief 
paper — " The Slang Style ?" We will tell 
them ; premising, however, that what we have 
now said is to be regarded only as an introduc- 
tion to what we shall hereafter have to say. It 
is our wish to root out a " plague spot*' from 
the literature of the age; or, failing in our 
aim at its utter extermination, at least to de- 
prive it of some of its venom. A class of 
writers has arisen amongst us, some of the 
leaders of whom, it is boasted of by their ad- 
mirers — ^for even such writers have hosts of ad- 
mirers, some of them, too, amongst the fair 
sex — have by their pens at once eclipsed both 
Fielding and Hogarth. We shall inquire into 
this. 



LETTERS TO MY SON AT ROME. 



LETTER VI. 

AUTHORS AND BOOKSELLERS. — THE 
FATE OF BOOKS. — NOTICES OF THE 
BALDWIN FAMILY. 



Aldine Chambers, Paternoster Row, 
London, Dec. 22, 1838. 

My dear Son, 

My last conveyed to you the relative 
position between Autiiors and Booksellers of 
the Old School ; and although some of the 
observations may appear trite to the few re-; 
mains of it, as well as to the Young Fry of the 
present day, I shall continue to address you 
in the same strain till I come down to the pre- 
sent hour ; for, rely upon it, each Letter shall 
be faithful and impartial, so that eventually a 
lesson may be gathered from it. 

The information conveyed by Ames, Herbert, 
Dibdin, Nichols, Watt, Clarke, Timperley, 
aiid others, of our own Country, independent 
of De Bure, Brunet, Monier, and other foreign 
Bibliographers, furnish me with so much infor- 
mation, that you know, deficient as I am, I 
am not incHned to " hide my light under a 
bushel." According to the information furnished 
by our pedecessors, it appears that in 1738 a 
pamphlet ^as published entitled ^'A Letter to 



the Society of Booksellers on the Method of 
forming a true Judgement of the Manuscripts of 
Authors** containing solne curious literary 
intelligence, as followa, — "We have known 
books," says the writer, " that in the manu- 
script have been damned, as well as others 
which seem to be so, since after their appear- 
ance in the world they often have lain by 
neglected. — Witness the Paradise Lost, (re- 
ferred to in my last) of the famous Milton, 
and the Optics of Sir Isaac Newton, which 
last, it is said, had no character here, till noticed 
in France." — Shuckford's Connexions between 
the Old and New Testament was. bandied 
about for two or three years among the book- 
sellers, before it found a purchaser or a pub- 
lisher " Prideaux* Connexions," on the same 
subject, experienced a similar fate, for two or 
three years ere they were ventured upon or 
experienced success. This is no criterion of 
the sordidness of booksellers, when even the 
learned world, and heads of the Church had not 
agreed upon the subject. ** Robinson Crusoe* s 
manuscript also ran through the whole trade, 
nor would any one print it, though the writer> 
De Foe, was in good repute as an Author^ 
One Bookseller at last, not remarkable for his 
discernment, but for his speculative turn, en^ 
gaged in this publication.* This booksell^ 
got above a thousand guineas by it ; and the 
booksellers are accumulating mcmey every 
hour by this work in all shapes. 

The undertaker of the translation of Ra- 
piN, after a very considerable part of the work 
had been published, was not a little dubious 
of its success, and was strongly inclined to 
drop the design. This, the best history of 
England extant, and written by a FrenchmaD, 
proved at last to be a most profitable literary 
adventure. 

I shall have some curious anecdotes to re- 
late to you, of a family that resided in Newgate 
Street, who published an edition of Rafik, 
with Tindal*s Continuation, about fifty-two 
years ago ! 

It would be no uninteresting literary specula- 
tion, says D' Israeli, "to describe the difiiculties 
which some of our most favourite works en- 
countered in their manuscript state, and evea 
after they' had passed through the press." 

''When Sterne had finished his two first 
volumes of Tristram Shandy, he offered them 
to a bookseller at York for fifty pounds but 
was refused ; he came to town with his manu- 
scripts, and he and Robert Dodsley agreed 
in a manner in which neither repented. The 

^ ■■ I ■—■■<■■■ 11 I I ■ I — ^^i— w^aa ^.w.w ■ 1^— ^^1 I I ■ ■ ■ ■ I I I I ■ " afc<.^l*^»i^> 

* Mr. Wm. Tayloc, bookteller; at the Blaok Swaa, 
Paternoster Row. 



fas ALdlKl MAOAZINB. 



88 



ri^&sdabAi_i^_^a_ 



MwMi lAtk «fl itft merit, lay for a coftsidem- 
tte tte« im a doiDMbt «l»te, «ill ChuK^ili and 
Ml ))al>lnlier became tttipatient aod almost 
hOpeleM ^ BUfOetss. TiMHe k no doing 
without a patron ; for of tkia work, idiidi had 
a gpealt mn afterwards, oaly ten cc^ies were 
«old m ihe first fit^ dayt, in foar days more «ix 
copies wei^ sc^d ! but when Ganick foaad 
bimself praisM in it ^ set it afloat, and 
Cbtircfa^ reaped a large harvost. 

The foitigoing are a few additioiial instaa^ees 
td those of my k»t, of A«Ktbors and th^ pipo- 
duodoBS »ot being snficieDdy approbated in 
the first instance. This 4^uld aot be «iBoribed 
to a want of liberality on tke part of the bode- ^ 
B^Dvs, So mnc^, in fttct almost every t^ing, 
depending <Oin th« public taste. Yon vnXL per- 
cei^ that I hsLve been travelling ofver mucii 
groand in a short time, and in almost as 
tomantic a way as RdHnson Crusoe himself. 
By the by, my man t'riday is traversing Ire- 
bad, as eccentric and romantic as ever. 

In reference toCntrRCHiLX., beforementioned, 
I shall refer to him again in the course of my 
'' ReimsisOenoes.'' I recollect his brother, who 
k)dged witli a Mr. Kerr, ( A Scotchman,) Hair 
Dreaser-yWfao lived in Bladcfriars' Road upwards 
4^ fifty years ago. 

Yoa are aware that the death of Hooahth 
Wfts attributed to Itie caustic satire of ChurcbiU. 
I Ww Mrs. Hogailii, and called upon her at 
^e Goldea Head in Leicester Fields, where I 
mtit the Rev. Dr. Trusler, Author of Sfo^th 
Moralized, and of Almanacks Bock $iudnn9, ^^ 
(kmn^ notoriety. 

I have concluded d^accoimt of Authors 
with Lmu'ence Sterne, and I fear you will think 
ne Mke him ; or like Shandy driving along High 
Roads and Bye Jloads, and even where no tho- 
Mk^hfiMne 8tu«s me in t^e face. 

I now |»oceed to my 

Notices of the. Baldwin Family. 

The name of l^dwin appears very early in 
theanmak of Bocdoelling. So early as 1681 
I find in an account of the public and weekly 
pipers, the name of R. Baldwin prefixed to the 
debates of the House of Commons assem- 
biedat Oxibrd, March SI , 1580-1 . He again 
appears om a paper printed on a fdio sheet, en- 
titled An Account of the Psoceedings of the £s- 
tittesof Scotland, 1680-90; and again to the 
Wseiging and taking of Carrickfergus by the 
Ihke of Sdwmberg 1689 ; also to the Scotch 
Mercury, giving A True Account of the Daily 
Proceedings and Most Remarkable Ocurrences 
of Scotland ; No, 1, May 2 and 8, 1692, and to 
the proceedings of jthe Parliament of Scotland, 
1593, This was only fifty years after the pub- 
lication of tihe firat newepsqper ^xrinted in Scot- 



laiid, which was called the 'Scotch Intelligencer 
or Weekly News from Scodand and the Court,* 
1 643, and little more than a century after the 
first English Mercury, of 1588. 

I cannot here avokl quoting Dunton's qnaint 
account of a Richard Baldwin* about t^e 
year 1689 ; of whom he says, 

* He printed a '^at deal, but got as little by it as 
JfAin Dunton. Il« boiuid for me and others when 
he iived in the (^d Bailey ; btit, removing to War- 
wick lane, his frUDe for publishing spread so fast, 
he .fijew tiw big to handle lus small tools. Mr. 
Bald win "having got acquaintance with Persons of Qua- 
lity, he was now for taking a shop in Fleet-street ; but 
Dick, soaring: out of his element, had the honour of 
beiiifr a yookseller but a few months. However to 
do Mr. Baldwin justice, his inclinations were to 
oblige all men, and only to neglect himself. He 
was a man of generous temper, and would take a 
cheering glass to oblige a Customer. His purse 
and his heart were open ro all men that he thought 
were honest : and his conversation was very divert, 
ing. He was a true lover of King Willliam ; and 
afttT he came on the Livery, always voted on the 
riglft side. His Wife^ Mrs. A Baldwin^ in a literal 
sense was an help^meet^ and eased him of all his pmih- 
lisfting work : and since she has been a Widow, might 
vie with all the women in Europe for accuract/ and 
justice in keeping accounts : and the same I hear of 
her beatrtiftjl Daughter, Mrs. Mary Baldwin, of 
whom her father was very fond. He was, as it were 
flattered into his grave by a long consumption ; and 
now lies buried in VVickam parish, his native place." 

The name of Ann Baldwin, in Warwick Lane, 
appears prefixed to " Noah's Dove,** a sermon 
exhorting to peace, preached by Thomas Swift, 
M.A.t Bemaixl Lmtot's name precedes that 



*As it does not appear that the above Kichard 
Baldwin was connected with an eminent Bookseller 
of the same name in St. Paul's Church Yard, and his 
successors in Paternoster How, I have not ventured 
to place the latter family first in chronological order, 
although perhaps he may be related to the Baldwins 
who were great Printws even before DuDton*s time* 

t First cousia to the Dean, and one year only 
senior to him. Mr. Thomas Swift was presented by 
Lord Somers, and probably at Sir William Temple's 
request, to a crown livinjj, Pattenbam near tjuilford, 
in Surrey ; which he held sixty years, and quitted 
but with life, in May 1752, in the 87th year of his 
a^e. Thomas preached a sermon in November 1710, 
( tlte same that is mentioned above, ) but it is not 
specified where it was preached, which he prmted 
and prefixed to it a dedication to Mr Ilarley, Chan- 
cellor of the Exchequer, afterwards JEarl of Oxford. 
Mr. Dean Swift says — " lliomas Swift was a man of 
learning and abilities; but unfortunately bred up like 
his fiather and grandfather, with an abhorrence and 
contempt for all the puritanical Sectaries,*' whence 
he seems to infer that he ne.ther had, nor could well 
have, the least hope oi rising in the Church. ** This 
Parson cousin," as the Dean calls him in a letter to 
Ben Tooko, November 7, J 7 10, affected to be the Au- 
thor of the Tale of a Tub ; and when the Lord Trea- 
surer of Oxford wished to {^y upon his fidand 



1 



84 



THE ALDINB MAGAZINE; 



of Ann Baldwin : he then lived at the Cross 
Keys between the two Temple gates. 

In 1699, we find Mrs. Ann Baldwin busily- 
engaged in publishing " The Dublin Scuffle ; 
being a challenge sent by John Dunton, Citizen 
of London, to Patrick Campbell, Bookseller 
in Dublin, together with small skirmishes of 
Bills and Advertisements. To which is added, 
the Billet Doux, sent him by a Citizen's Wife in 
Dublin, with his answer to her. Also some 
account of his conversation in Ireland, inter- 
mixed with particular characters of the most 
eminent persons he conversed with in that 
Kingdom ; but more especially in the City of 
Dublin, in several letters to the spectators of 
this Scuffle, with a poem on the whole en- 
counter." 

Mention is also made of Mrs. Baldwin, 1712, 
by Nichols in his account of the subscriptions 
for the celebrated Mr. Bowyer, Printer, who 
lost all his goods, founts of letter, presses, and 
other utensils, and his and family's clothes, by a 
sad and lamentable fire . Mrs . B . subscribed with 
the well known Guy, Tonson, Lintot, Curll, and 
others Bo wyer's biographer further remarks, • ' To 
the honor of English humanity let it be known 
that the contributions received amounted to 
the sum of . 1162 5 10 
His dividend 1377 9 4 on the brief 



2539 15 2 
granted by Government to Mr. Bowyer, and 
his fellow suflFerers. 

A similar misfortune occurred to Mr. Nichols 
himself about a century afterwards, when 
not only his printing office but valuable property 
was destroyed to an immense amount, includ- 
ing a vast number of valuable works, which no 
reasonable sum could replace. Many of his 
fellow citizens offered to come forward on the 
occasion, but the amiable Author of the Lite- 
rary Anecdotes, (many copies of which, with 
the Gentleman's Magazine, were destroyed) 
gratefully returned thanks, but liberally re- 
fused to accept. 

In taking a view of the name of Baldwin, as 
connected with the book trade from so early a 
period as 1681, I find that of Richard Baldwin, 
and of Ann, his wife and successor, frequently 
appear in Dunton and in Nichols, but it is 
doubtful whether they were a branch of the 
present respectable family of that name. Two 

Jonathan^ he would introduce him as Mr. Thomas 
' Swift, And in the Journal to Stella, Nov. 7, 1711, 
in allusion to the above mentioned, Swift says ; " a 
bookseller has reprinted or new titled, a Sermon of 
Tom Swift's, printed last year, and publishes an ad- 
vertisement calling it Dr. Swift's Sermon,^* See 
SwifVs Works, 1818, Vol. 15, page 774. 



of the present family, of the name of Richard, 
are noticed at an early period, as living in 
St. Paul's Church-yard. The first Richard 
Baldwin, bookseller, of St. Paul's Church-yard, 
died at Birmingham, June 4th, 1777, aged 86: 
he had long retired from business, and although 
bom in 1691, was not in business so early as 
the Rivingtons, in 1710, or probably not so 
early as Longman, in 1726, as I do not find 
his-name mentioned to any book at so early a 
date as the above. His son, Richard Baldwin* 
jun., died before him, in January, 177.0.* The 
name of Baldwin, observes Nichols, has long 
been, and still continues to be, famous in 
the Annals of Bibliography. More than one 
printer of the name may be found in Ames's 
Typographical Antiquities, Mr. Robert Bald- 
win, who died March 30, 1810, was a 
nephew of the elder Richard. He had been 
for many years an eminent bookseller in Pater- 
noster-row, where his industry and integrity 
were almost proverbial; while his mild and 
conciliating manners secured him the sincere 
regard of all who knew him. 

I was in the habit of going to Mr. Baldwin's 
establishment for books from the year 1785 to 
1790, and was well acquainted with his habits 
and manners, which appeared morose and 
rough, probably arising from his having, it is 
said, been in early Hfe a surgeon on board a man- 
of-war ; and probably a slight deafness added 
to a hasty manner, created this feeling. He 
had, however, great good humour and ami- 
abihty depicted in his countenance. 

. He was for many years the publisher of the 
London Magazine, which commenced in 1732, 
the year after the Gentleman's Magazine, to 
which it appears to have been the only rival, 
till the commencement of the Universal Ma- 
gazine of Knowledge and Pleasure, displaying 
twenty-one popular subjects in its engraved title 
page. 

Mr. Baldwin also published in the Row 
the Parliamentary Debates, for Almon, Debrett, 
&c., and in his extensive country trade was for 
many years connected with Mr. Robert Goadby, 
an eminent printer and bookseller of Sherbom, 
author of " Bampfylde Moore Carew," and com- 
piler of several useful publications. His " Illus- 
tration of the Holy Scriptures," in three large 
folio volumes, was then generally read and 
widely circulated. It was also published in 
weekly numbers by Mr, Baldwin, who then 
kept and sold all the popular periodicals to 



* I should imagine this was the Richard Baldwin 
to whom Henry Sampson Woodfall, the publisher of 
the Letters of Junius, served his time, and he who 
was succeeded by Robert Baldwin* 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



86 



the trade. He frequently attended behind the 
counter for mere amusement, or whilst his 
active nephew Robert was engaged with their 
manager Mr. Bell, who, unfortunately for 
himsdf, was of an unhappy temper. 

Mr. Baldwin, however, on retiring from 
business, and giving it up to his nephew 
Robert, did not forget to appreciate the atten- 
tion and industry of Mr. Bell, and not only 
included him in a partnership with his nephew, 
but also (as I was credibly informed at the 
time) presented him with a check for 500/. for 
past services, to enable him to meet con- 
tingencies. 

This firm continued a very short period in- 
deed, for scarcely a week or two had elapsed, 
when I met Bell at a hair-dresser's on a Sun- 
day morning (the fashion of the day) when I 
congratulated him. He exclaimed, that he 
should go into the country, count and purchase 
sheep, &c., talked incoherently, and could not 
bear his good fortune, for on the following 
morning he put a period to his existence. 

Mr. Baldwin, the yoimger, did not survive 
long; the trade was, however, again carried 
on by the elder Mr. Baldwin, conducted prin- 
dpally by the late Mr. L. B, Seeley, who, with 
his family, have been extremely fortunate as 
booksellers and publishers of religious works of 
first-rate importance. The elder Mr. Seeley 
was son of Mr. Seeley, a long established and 
eminent printer at Buckingham. 

Mr. R. Baldwin, the elder, was a good old 
sportsman. He kept an excellent hunter, rather 
privately, but frequently joined in the chase, 
in the true Farmer Creorge^ or George the Third 
style. His neat light scratch wig, plain brown 
suit, and top boots, gave him quite the air of a 
country gentleman. I must not , however,omit 
a town anecdote connected with him and his 
establishment. 

On my first visit to Dublin, in the year 1794, 
my old friend Lewis, a respectable bookseller 
and book auctioneer in that city, informed me, 
that when a very young man his father and 
friends were anxious for his going to some 
eminent bookseller in London for improve- 
ment: others proposed Bath, which fashion- 
able city was famous for Irish fortune-hunters. 
Lewis, at that time, must have been a fine 
handsome feUow, although at a later date his 
nose and chin, somewhat like my own, nearly 
eame in contact with each other. Be this as 
it may, Lewis set sail for Bristol, and became 
an assistant for some time in the most fashion- 
able library in Bath. Still this was not 
London. He, therefore, got a good recom- 
inendation and fr^sh credentials. Started for 
Ixmdon — ^waited on the celebrated George 



j Robinson, sen., and was ushered into that 
room, where the first authors and vjdts of the 
day, viz., Macklin, Tacitus Murphy, Drs. 
Glover, Gregory, Wallis, as well as Chalmers, 
De Lolme, Holcroft, and a host of his country- 
men, had spent many joyous hours, and where 
his fellow-citizens and traders, Luke White, 
John Archer, Pat Byrne, and others had (in 
the old style of Irish hospitality) been laid under 
the table, for it was said that George was a 
six-bottle man, and no flincher. He, however, 
knew the world well, and, as Lewis said, viewed 
him from head to foot, and then took a piercing 
survey, and exclaimed, " Why, young man, 
you'll not do for Paternoster Row — ^you must 
' doff that gear first ;' besides, I have not a 
vacancy for a person of your description : how- 
ever, as your recommendation is good, I will 
give you a note to my opposite neighbour and 
friend, Baldwin. I hesitated ; however, I ac- 
cepted it, and after retiring from No. 25, ex- 
changing my fashionable cocked hat, pea-green 
coat, tamboured waistcoat, silk stockings, 
ruffled shirt, &c., for a more plain, yet fashion- 
able suit. I repaired to No. 47 — ^had an in- 
terview with Mr. Baldwin, who, in a coarse, 
hasty, rough voice, in his cynical way, that 
afterwards reminded me of my countryman 
Dean Swift, said, •' Well, sir, can you rise at six 
o'clock in the morning ?" — " Yes, sir." ** Have 
you any objection to sit up two or three nights 
in the week, after shop is closed, to let me in?" 
This, to use a low expression, was a poser ; I 
was dumfounded. My Irish pride was wounded 
— the high blood of the O.'s and the Mac's was 
up ; however (as I suppose from my name I 
was of English or Welsh extraction), I sup- 
pressed my feelings on perceiving an arch good- 
natured smile beaming on his countenance. 
He then resumed — "Of course you have no 
objection to sleep in the shop under the counter, 
as is the custom of the house ?" This shook 
my philosophy to the foundation ; I had been 
indulged and kindly brought up at home, re- 
spect^Uy treated at Bath, and, although I 
knew something of English habits and manners, 
I hesitated, but rather than retuni or ask a 
favour, I surrendered at discretion, and was 
not called into requisition to the extent des- 
cribed, or to that of the London Apprentice, 
in the Fortunes of Nigel, who waited upon his 
master and mistress at their Sunday's dinner. 
No, I soon returned to my fashionable costume, 
which I sported on Simdays in the public 
gardens around London, till I returned to my 
native city. 

Mr. Lewis, lived to an advanced age, and 
had a numerous family : his beautiful and eldest 
daughter was married to an eminent English 

I bookseller in Dublin, 



i 



86 



THE ALDINB MASAZINB; 



The business of the late Senr. Mr. Baldwin 
next devdlved on the present gentleman of the 
same name, and of the same h^h- minded prin- 
ciples that have been svistained by this family 
for so many years. 

Mr. Baldwin was joined in business by Mr. 
Cradock, a highly respected and efficient gentle- 
man, and by Mr. Joy- The latter gentleman pud 
some tardy attentions to a lady of my acquain- 
tance, to whom *' Hope told a littering tale 
that Joy would soon return.*' He did not— 
and the lady adopted a remedy by marrying 
another. 

In justice to this r3epected family, let me 
ikow turn to the late Mr. Henry Baldwin, an 
eminent printer, and brother of the before 
mentioned elder Robert Baldwin. He wa^ « 
gentleman universally esteemed \ and I recol- 
lect him so long back as the year 1786, when 
printing Boswell*s Tour to the Hebrides, for 
his friend Mr. Charles Dilly ; 1 nev^ shall for- 
get his cheerful and amiable manner* 

His excellent and judicious biographer and 
friend, Mr. Nichols^ says : — ^ 

" My old friend, Mr. Henry Baldwin, died at 
Richmond, Feb. 21, 1813. He was (except one) 
the oldest member of the Company of Stai)one;s', of 
whicb he bad been a Liveryman fiKy-seven yean, and 
was master in 1792. About three years a'^o he lost 
two brothers^ one older, the other younger tban him- 
self, and an only sister, all at a good old age ; but 
their losses fiad a very visible effect o» his usually 
cheerful spirits. As a printer, he was of the old 
school; bred under Mr. Justice Ackers, of Clerken- 
well, the original printer of the " London Magazine ;'* 
and he commenced business for himself under the 
VQOst promising auspices, first in White Friars, then 
Fleet Street, and finally in Bridge Street, in a house 
built purposely for him. Connected with a phalanx 
of first rate wits, Bonnel Thornton, Colman, Garrick, 
Steevens, &c. ; he set up with the siMJcess it so well 
deserved, a literary newspaper, ' Tbe St. Jame&^s 
Ch "(mivk,* on the foundation of a very old paj er of 
net rly t'.ie same title, and had the satisfaction of con- 
du ting it to a height of eminence unknown to any 
prt ?ced.og journal, nor exceeded by any of its succes- 
sor — "With whom sheer wit is r,D longer a promi- 
neist feature. From early association with nten of 
eminence, both in the literary and fashionable world, 
Mr. Baldwin had acquired elegant habits ; and, with- 
out any profound stock of literature, had sufficiently 
cultivated a mind naturally stronj?, to render his 
company and conversation in the highest degree ac- 
ceptable. But the firm rectitude of his mind, tbe 
real tenderness of his heart, and the sincerity of his 
attachments, were best known in his domestic circle, 
aTid by his choice friends, who regret in him the loss 
of one who in a rare and peculiar manner united the 
sometimes opposed virtues of justice and ger.erosity. 
If he had a failing (and who is without ?) it was a 
sort of affectation of being occasionally cynical and 
morose, qualities totally different from his natural 
disposition, which in reality overflowed with the milk 
of human kindness ; nothing being so truly gratify* 



ing to hna as tb» conning of a favour w>iKmrt ap* 
pearing to do it, and this more particularly in trafift- 
actions of a pecuniary nature. Tbeie are still living g^ 
few of his old and intimate friends, who, like the wri- 
ter of this article, having passe»l many a happy day 
with him for more than half a century, can testify the 
truth of a character dictated by sincere regard, and 
written warna from the heart, at the moment of hear- 
ing of his death. Two $on» a,nd thre^ daHghteffj^ 
survive to comfort a v^orthy and afifticted mother." 

He was suceeoded in ^is buaioes^ by bis km 
Charles, who, uniting to habits of busiaess m 
UDuatwil pleasantry of maBnetSv haa »e@tired the 
eateem o^ all who knew hin&. 

As a further proof, (if any were wairtkig), 
I cannot avoid the tanptatiom e^ ^otiii^ an 
outline of his eharacter faithfully drawn by his 
old grateful friend and comptiinioB, Mr. BcnJA* 
min Brashfidge,* in his ** Fruits «C Expea^ 
ence," writt^p in hi» |Oth year ; wkereie he 
saya; — 

^* My worthy friend Heiiry Baldwin, another el 
the Qtembers df thi^ club, warned Mi» Graham, tbd 
sister of Mr. Cartis'9 wife, and was no lesa sti^cfssfvl 
in business thd^u bis brother-in-law^ though he did 
not leave so large a fortune behind him, preferring, sm 
he expressed it, to sip of the stream himself as i\ 
flowed, and to disperse it to those around him in bis 
lifc-linofe He was indeed the very soul of benevo- 
lence and hospitality. He had a large family, all ol 
whom he liberally educated and set up in tbe world, 
thinking very properly, that by so doing lie acquitted 
himself more effectually of his duty towards th$m, 
than if he abridged them of comforts and respecta- 
bility during his life^ to leave them a profusion to 
waste after his death. To all artwrnd him in business 
he was libeial and just, to men of g^ius be was con- 
siderate and generous. Oflen at his hospitable boan) 
have 1 seen needy authors, and oiUers connected with 
his employment* whose abiUtJea, ill requjted as they 
might nave been by the world in general, were bybim 
always appreciated and served. He wis my bosom 
friend and constant companion, and the favoure hi 
has conferred on me are indelibly engmved upmi my 
heart ; not more for the essential service ihev ren- 
dered me in times of need, than for the delicacy and 
feeling with which they were always acco»npanied- 

''The St. James's Chronicle, for many years de- 
servedly popular, was founded on the soundest prin- 
ciples, and was the staunch supporter of government. 
My friend Harry was, however, ill requited for bis 
loyalty and zeal ; for the ministers, whom he laboured 
so fait' fully to serve, were ungrateful enough to set 
up a paper in opposition to his, and even to withhold 
intelligence from him, in order that it might first ap- 
pear in their own paper. The St. James's Chronicle 
is still conducted by my friend's worthy son Mr. 
Charles Baldwin, with increased repute, and with a 
circulation far beyond that of any other evening paper. 
I found great bent^fit to my business from advertising 
in this paper, wherein my friend used generally to 

* This gentleman was an eminent silversmith for 
many years in Fleet Street^ I shall have much to say 
of him and his associates m the future pages of the 
Aktine Magtutw^. 



T»» AI#I»NB KAOASWE. 



87 



wgo ip« a coQ^piHnieus pla^e near (h^ Foet's Cor-, 
oer; and I wa3. by this means intraduQed more 
especially to the Dotice of the clergy, ^vho all read the 
St. James^ Chronicle, from the humblest curate up 
to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and among- whom 
I have ever bad to rank a graat niimber of my best 
citstomtn^ *»♦*»» 

^ The latter dayi of my fritnd Mr. fialdwio were 
ape^t in comibnable relirement at Richmoad. He 
died m his 79th year. His vidow atiU survives him. 
and is at this time of the same age, in possessiop of 
^U her faculties, and with a countenance which do- 
qnently expresses the ples^sure of looking back upon 
a long ana well-spent life. None but the fkraily 
were invited to the funeml of this worthy roan ; I, 
bMiever, a mourner iu heart, as mueh as any of them, 
went a silent »pe<ni^tor ef the solemn s^ene^and when 
the attendants bad all retired, I stepped up to the 
grave, and looking on the earth vvhicn now hid him 
from ray sight, 1 fervently ejaculated, * Blessed be the 
memory of the wise and good !* and blessed indeed 
ills; for his image often steals upon my recollection, 
and cheers the twilight kour of my quiet, though 
M( \oiMAyi beartli. 

^ On ipy return home, Mit. Braabridge reminded 
me, that abQut sevfp ye^rs befbre Mr. Baldwin had 
left a packet to my care, with a directiop on the en- 
velope, that it w^s to be placed among my private 
ppers, and opened by me in case of my surviving 
mm; to this direction the fbllowing words were 
added : < Of this, do not say a word to any body, but 
be assamd^ that in the enclosed there is nothing to 
give you any uneasiness ;* so carefi^l was this worthy 
ipaa to spare me even a momentary ani^iety, whilst 
I Qiight be unfolding it, I now fulfilled his request 
hy opening of it, and, to my great surprise, I found 
it to contain a bond of my own, with a few lines from 
him, begging me to accept it, and the interest up to 
that time, as a token of his regard. I mentioned it 
iQ his ton Charies, who replied ; ^ In every thing 
that was my £ither> practice » whatever good aption 
^ did, he always wished it should be unknown.' * * 

**In the year 1779 Mr. Slade and I dissolved 
partnership ; and my friend Baldwin, perceivir.g that 
1 looked somewhat grave upon the occasion, told me, 
ke supposed I might not 6nd myself just then pos- 
Maed of money enough to settle our aocounts com- 
ft>rtahiy ; and that, if ^ve hundred pounds would do 
iQe any g<iod, I might have it from him. I replied, 
that I he ;l always taken him to be a man of good 
sound sense, but that now I should give him credit 
fer being a conjuror; for that he had precisely 
guessed the situation in which I was placed, and that 
ire hundred pounds was exactly the sum that would 
•oable me to fulfil my wishes. * VVill you then have 
it now,' he inquired, without the least parade of serv- 
ing me ; I replied not at that moment, but that in 
4Dout ten days I would call upon him for it. * Very 
well,* said he, * it shall be ready for you ; only do not 
make a talk about it/ When I went for the money 
I look him my bond, for which he soolded me, as 
putting myself to an unnecessaiy ewpenae, when I 
QQght to h^ve known my note would have been enough 
to »tisfy him. * To be explicit,' said he, * it is con- 
trary to my plan to lend money for a permanency, 
therefore if you have any friend, who will let you 
We it for a length of time, brfng me mine Isack 
' ; Wit if Moh a On* ahei^ net be to be iMisd, 



keep it as long as you live.; I shall never ask you for 
it ; I only tell you what I like the best of the two.' 
A short time afterwards I mentioned the matter to a 
female relative, Mrs. Lewis, who since married Dr. 
Halifax, as the most flattering circumstance of iny 
life; she agreed with me that it was so; and, that a 
person capable of so generous an action might be 
secured irom losing anything by it, she said she would 
come to town herself, the next day, to discharge the 
obligation. *That, madam/ said I, * you cannot do, 
either with respect to Mr. Baldwin or yourself; the 
obligation must ever remain with me to the latest 
moment of my existence.* The next day she came 
to town to sell out stock, to enable me to discharge 
t)\e bond ; I told my friend Harry, that I might as 
well have had a thousa^nd pounds as 6ve hundred, as 
I should never be asked for it again ; he jokingly 
said, * Wheii will you do any thing like a man?* I 
replied, • I never had, and was afraid I never should.' 
It would swell these pages far beyond my intention, 
were I to detail half the acta of kindness X hare re- 
ceived from this worthy man; whenever I wanted 
pioney, to him I could always apply with con- 
fidence, and willingness to be under obligation to 
him. He never showed any further caution than 
saying sometimes, * Do not take me in, my good fel- 
low; let me have my money again.' I used only to 
assure him, I never would deceive him ; and I am 
happy to think th«tt never, in 9. single instano^i did I 
betray the confidence he so kindly placed in me." 

Mr. Robert Beldwin is the aan of an elder 
brother of Mr. Henry Baldwin* with whose son, 
the present. Mr. Charles Baldwin, was joined, 
until he (Mr. R. B.) took up the old aad res- 
pectable book establushment in Fatemoster Row, 
where he was joined by Messrs. Cradock and 
Joy, about twenty^five years ago, and they 
jointly purchased the wholesale connection of 
the late Bbnjam in Cbosby, of whom, and the 
ancient and respectable family of the Cra- 
Docicit and of the Sbsldoks, as connected 
with them; some biographical sketches and 
anecdotes will he given in the future pages of 
the Aldine Magazine. / 

£ver my dear Son, 

Your affectionate Father, 

An Old £ooksbx.lbb. 



Macklin^s Man of the World. 
Three eopies of the *Man of the World, were among 
Larpent's MS. Plays, and all of diflTerent degrees of 
objectionableness, (if there be such a word) for they 
were successively moderated by the Author. The first 
(and it is a curious circumstance, not noticed in the lives 
of Foote or Macklin) was sent by Fbote from the liay- 
market, in 1771 ; and his original letter indicates, tha£ 
he was ready to perform it if it were licensed. It was re- 
fused ; and the experiment wasagain tried from Covent 
Garden Theatre, in 1779, but still the offensive pas- 
sages were not sufficiently erased or softened. A third 
and a successful attempt was made in 1781 j and a 
letter in the hand-writing of Macklin to {.ord Hert- 
ford, preserved by Larpent,with a copy of the Corned y, 
procured its allowance on the stage^ and precisely ;p 
tbe fem in <Muefa it iuiew acted. ' 



88 



THE ALDINS MAOAZINIB. 



MEN, WOMEN, AND EVENTS OF 
THE WEEK BEFORE US. 



%• 



Temperature of the Month.— Twelfth Day. — St. 
Distaff s Day. — Edward the Confessor. — ^Touching 
for the *' Evil." — Catherine de Medici and the 
Massacre of St. Bartholomew. — ^The late Duke of 
York. — His Royal Highnesses Debts and J/)rd 
Melbourne's ** Leisure Moments.*' — Joan of Arc. 
— Metastasio. — Richard II. — Henry VIII. and 
Anne of Cleves. — Henry VIII. a Musician. — ^Tbe 
Princess Charlotte. — ^The Author of Telemaque,-^ 
Allan Ramsay the Poet and his Son. Origin of 
the Kingdom of Prussia. — Gallileo. — Fontenelle. 
— ^Anoe of Brittany. — Archbishop Laud. — Sir 
Hans Sloane. — Roubilliac the Sculptor — Linnaeus 
the Naturalist. — F. Schlegel the Critic. — Hilary 
Term. 

9 

OuB Christmas gambols are nearly over, and 
■we have entered upon the new year — the year 
1839. We are in the month of January, the 
coldest month of all the twelve ; though, as 
yet, we have had but little to complain of on 
that score. In January, however, there is 
less evaporation than in any other month, and 
its mean temperature generally varies from 
39° 6 to 32° 6. 

The last, or rather the last but one of our ho- 
lidays, is the 6th of January — ^Twelfth Day, 
or old Christmas Day. Its name was acquired 
from its being the twelfth in number from that 
. of the Nativity ; and the whole twelve days 
were, by a law respecting holidays made in the 
time of Alfred the Grreat, ordered to be kept as 
festivals. This year Twelfth Day, happening 
to fedl on a Sunday, cannot be celebrated with 
all its customary honours due. However, the 
difficulty is easily got over by deferring the 
cake and wine, and the drawing for lung and 
queen, and the song and the dance till Monday 
evening. 

Really the last of the holidays is St. Dis- 
taff's Day, the day after Twelfth Day, respect- 
ing which they say in the country — 

** Partly worke and partly play 
You must on St. Distafi^s Day ; 
From the plough soon free your teame, 
Then come home and fother them. 
If the maides a spinning goe, 
Bume the flax, and fire the tow. 

Bring in pails of water then, 

Jjet die maides bewash the men. 

Give St. Distaff all the right, 

Then bid Christmas sport good night ; 

And next morrow every one 

To his own vocation.*' 

Tins, the 5th day of January, is the anni- 
versary of the death of Edward the Confessor, 
whose earthly career was terminated in 1066. 
Edward, who deiv^ the right? of the maniage 



bed to his amiable queen Editha, yma eactoHed 
in the days of monkery as a pattern of heroic 
chastity ; and thus he gained the title of Saint 
and Confessor. At all events he was more ce- 
lebrated for what was then termed piety, jus- 
tice, and humanity than for his capadiy for 
government. It was Edward the ConfesBor 
who first touched for the king's evil. It is 
quite amusing to observe the foolery into which 
even intelligent and comparatively modem 
writers have fallen upon this subject. Fix in- 
stance, Whiston, in his autobiography, im< 
putes the cure of the evil to the prayer which 
was used at the time of touching ; imd Gartei 
in his History of England, endeavours to^voiw 
the power of curing to be hereditary. The 
Jacobites, those special sticklers for the exist- 
ence of the hereditary virtue and the divine 
right of kings, asserted that the power of curing 
scrofula by the royal touch ceased with the exf 
tinction of the Stuart dynasty ,the last Intimate 
sovereigns of England. Edward the Confessor 
was canonised by Pope Alexander III., a year 
before his death. This weak monarch unfor* 
tunately consulted Duke William of Normandy 
respecting the choice of a successor, a cansul* 
tation which furnished the latter prince with t 
pretence for invading the kingdom after (he 
death of Edward. 

The notorious Catherine de Medici, wife Of 
Henry II., king of France, and the daughter of 
Lorenzo de Medici, duke of Urbino,died on the 
5th of January, 1 589, at the age of seventy. 
It was with this bold bad woman that the hor- 
rible massacre of St. Bartholomew originated. 

Tliis day his Royal Hlgness the Duke d 
York, next brother to his Majesty George IV., 
will, have been dead twelve years. . It would be 
satisfactory to many persons to know why. hie 
Royal Highness's debts have not been paid : it 
has long sinc^ been ascertained that the funds 
available for this specific purpose are abundant 
Some of Lord Melbourne's *' leisure moments" 
at Windsor or Brighton might be successfiilly 
devoted to this subject as a simple act of 
justice. 

Twelfth Day, the 6th of January, ia^e an- 
niversary of the birth of the heroic Joan of Are, 
437 years ago. On the charge of sorcery she 
was ignorantly and cruelly condemned, by the 
English to be burned alive, a fisite which she 
sustained with dauntless courage at Rouen on 
the 3Cth of May, 1431, in the twenty-ninth 
year of her age. 

Metastasio, the Italian poet and composer, 
was bom on the 6th of January, 1 698. Ho- 
noured and beloved by the great, he lived at 
Vienna to an extreme old age in the midst of 
dignified voIuptuQUsaess, withno.other.-oocii* 



THB ALDINB MAGAZINE. 



d9 



pfldon than that of expresang in beautiful 
leraesy the fine sentiments by ^which he was 
animated. Dr. Bumey, who saw him in his 
Kfenty-second year, thought him, even then, 
the gayest and handsomest man of his time. 
He always declined accepting tides and ho- 
nours, and lived happy in retirement. Metas- 
tasio died in 1782, having been acquainted, in 
the course of his long career, with all the emi- 
nent musiciaiis of the time. 

The birth • of Richard II., son of Edward 
Prince, of Wales, generally known as the Black 
Frinee, occurred on the 6th of January, 1366. 
in his minority Richard displayed remarkable 
promptitude in quelling the insurrection of 
Wat Tyler in Smithfield ; yet he seems to have 
b^en a man of mean character and capacity, 
and was neither loved nor respected by his 
people. It was by his orders that his uncle, 
tl» Duke of Gloucester, was assassinated ; and 
he unjustly detained the estate of Henry, duke 
of Lancaster, afterwards king of England, by 
whose agents he was dethroned and murdered 
in Pontefract Castle. Some unsuccessful at- 
tempts have been made to show th{it he escaped 
and fled to Scotland, and lived there several 
jeaiB. Recent investigations, to a consider- 
able estent, have tended only to confirm the re- 
ceived account. 

Kemy VIII. was married to the Princess 
Anne of Cleves, elegantly designated by him a 
Flanders mare, on the 6th of January, 1 540, 
now 309 years ago. One of Henry's pretences 
for obtaining a divorce from this lady was that 
he had not hvvrtrdly given his consent when he 
e^xMsed her.'^ That Henry VIII. was an au- 
tiiQV 18 matter of historic notoriety ; but that 
be was skilled in music, and even a composer, 
ii less generally known. Erasmus, in his Epis- 
flei, states that he could not only justly sing 
lus part, but that he composed a service of 
four, five, or six parts ; and formerly, an an- 
them of his composition — what is called a fall 
aathem, without any solo part — ^used to be oc- 
casionally sung at Christchurch. 

The still lamented Princess Charlotte of 
Wales, the only issue ot his Majesty George 
IV. by his ill-fiated marriage with the Princess 
Caroline Amelia Elizabeth of Brunsvrick, was 
tan on the 7th of January, 1796. Were she 

* Henry's conduct towards Anne of Cleves and 
Catherine Howard was in perfect keeping with the 
earlier traits of his character; and history has handed 
down the strongest presumptive proofe that Catharine 
Parr would have added one to his list of human 
Bcrifices had she not shown herself an adept in the 
lit of managing a jealous, tyrpnnical, sanguinary hus- 
band.— Ha Ba4L's Henry VlIL and George iV,, or 
tkCmfav4y$tated. 



living and reigning in the hearts of her sub- 
jects, she woidd now be forty-three years of 
age. 

Francis de Salignac de la Motte Fenelon, 
Archbishop of Cambray, the celebrated author 
of Telemaque, died on the 7th of January, 
1715, at the age of sixty-four. His death was 
accelerated by the overturning of his carriage, 
which brought on a fever. - 

Allan Ramsay, the Scottish poet, author of 
the Gentle Shepherd and other works, has been 
dead seventy- six years this day. He was first 
a wigmaker, then a bookseller, next a poet. 
His son Allan, who died in 1784, was an emi- 
nent portrait painter, and author of The Inves- 
tigator and of The Present State of the Arts in 
England, 

Prussia dates her origin as a kingdom from 
the 8th of January, 1701 . 

Grallileo Galilei, the illustrious Florentine 
mathematician and astronomer, the confirmer, 
as he may be termed, of the truth of the Coper- 
nicum system, has now been dead 197 years. 
It was Galilei, who discovered that the moon, 
like the earth, has an uneven surface ; and he 
taught his pupils to measure the height of its 
mountains by their shadow. His most re- 
markable discoveries, however, were Jupiter's 
satellites, Satum*s ring, the spots on the sun, 
and the starry nature of the milky way. Gra- 
lilei was twiqe compelled to abjure the sys- 
tem of Copernicus ; but it is said that, in the 
second instance, when he had signed the abju- 
ration, he indignantly muttered as he was led 
away, ** Yet it moves." 

Bernard de Bovier de Fontenelle, a nephew 
of the great Comeille, and distinguished as the 
author of Dialogues of the Dead, and Conver- 
sations on the Plurality of Worlds, died on the 
ninth of January, 1757, shortly before the 
completion of his hundredth year. 

ibme of Brittany, Queen of France, daugh- 
ter and heiress of Francis II., Duke of Brit- 
tany — ^the princess who first instituted the 
order of maids of honour to the queen, who 
first had the prerogative of guards and gentle- 
men of her own, and who first gave audience 
to foreign ambassadors — died on the 9th of 
January, 1514, at the age of thirty-eight. 

Archbishop Laud was beheaded on the 10th 
of January, 1645, now 194 years ago. Laud 
was a zealous advocate for the regal and eccle- 
siastical power; his industry was great, his learn- 
ing extensive, and his piety not only sincere 
but ardent ; and, if it be admitted that in poli- 
tics as well as in religion his notions were of a 
somewhat idtra stamp, his feelings should be as- 
cribed rather to. an honest zeal than to a spirit 
of actual persecution. His book against Fisher, 



THB ALDINI MAOAZIVB. 



the Jtmt, it justly esteemed n master^pieee of 
eontroversml divinity. He was unjustly and 
cruelly sacrificed by the Puritans of the time, 
and he met his &te with great foxtitade in the 
f^venty*secQnd year of his age. 

Sir Hans Sloane, who may justly be re- 
garded as the founder of the British Museum, 
died on the 1 1th of January* 1759, at the age 
of ninety-two. He was a native of Ireland, a 
distiflguished physician and naturalist and was 
the first who in England introduced into general 
praetioe the use ot baric, not only in feyers, hut 
in various o^er complaints. Qeorge I. created 
bim a baronet in 171 6 : and he was sucoes* 
sively Secretary and President of the Royal 
Society. 

That eminent sculptor Louis Francis Roubi- 
liac died on the 11th of January, 176%i aged 
fifty -nine. Roubiliac was a native of Lyons, 
and came to England in the reign of Geoige I. 
Various monuments by him in Westminster 
Abbey and elsewhere attest the greatness of 
his talents. 

linnasus, the naturalist, and the founder of 
the present botanic system, died on the 11th 
of January* 1778. He was a native of R<»s- 
httlt, in Sweden, and was bom in 17Q7. 

Frederic Von Schlegel, a o^brated Qennan 
critic and philologist, and younger brother of 
William Schlegel, the author of Lectures on 
JhwntUic I^eraiure, has been dead ten years. 
He was bom in the year 177d, 

We have only to add that Hilary Term com* 
mfiueea on Friday next, the I Itb of January. 



BOOK OF THE WEEK. 



MRS. TROLLOPE.* 
Mas. Trollops immortalised herself by her 
work upon America. She has lived ever since 
u]K)n the reputation acquired by tha : book. It 
was the production of a clever, jgarewd, ob- 
servant woman — of a woman ei lintly sus- 
ceptible of the humorous, the ludicr jus, and the 
ridiculous in national and in humai character. 
What was still better, it had truth and justice 
for its basis. It was its truth and justice that 
gave such bitter cmd unforgiveable offence to 
brother Jonathan. Had it been otl >erwise, its 
representations might have been easily and suc- 
cessfully repelled . Coloured — coloi ired highly, 
perhaps — it might be; but, that it wss sub- 
stantively faithful in its statement's, is abun- 
dantly confirmed by the writings of Captain 
Basil Hall, and various others, and by the 

* The Widow Barnaby, by Mrs. Trollope, author 
ofthe<< Vicar of Wtwhili;' &e. &c. S vols, fientley, 
1939. 



unbou|^t testiBKmy of every candid anA im* 
l>artial individttal ws evw met with^ wbf^ hai 
visited the country of the United Statea» iajiuBt 
for business oi pleasure. And it is not ineuiio«s 
to remark* that in his last and leoently putK 
lished work, Eve Effin^hmm^ that fierce and 
egotistical nationalist^ Cooper, has placed hii 
eountrymoi and countrywomen in tights y«t 
more ludicrous and ridieulous than those is 
which they were shown by Mrs« TroUc^ 
That lady may in future cite Mr. Cooper as an 
unsuspicious evidence in her favour in any oouit 
in Christendom. This is the more amusing, 
when it ia considered that, in all hia fofUMsr 
works of a national or miscellaneous chaiaeter, 
Mr. Co<^[)^, to the coarse dejareciatioii of every 
country in Europe* was aocuatomed to lioUi uf 
the natives of the United States a$ paragwis ii 
all that was correct, polite, and elegant is 
manuers— of all that waa high and hououraU^ 
and noble in princ^le. 

We have said that Mm. TroUq^ imiBor« 
talised herself by her work iqpon America, ^ 
this it was not meant to insinuate, that none k 
her other works were entitled to praise. Her 
" Holkndt Belgium^ on^4 Germwt^" oar whatew 
might ba the exact title of the book, bad mwk 
in it that was moderately fair and good, if not 
much that was absolutely new or striking. 
Her volumes relating to France were, if our 
memoiy be fsithful, distinguished by a super- 
abundant portion of adulation of I^ouis Philippe 
and the existing order of things. In her moxe 
recent performance eoncenung Austria, we hare 
reason to know that she gave great aia4 seriotti 
offenee to the aristotenusy of that empire; less, 
iudeed, by undue censure than by inducriminste 
and ill-judged praise aud flattery. Flatteiy is 
a delightful incense when judiciously offeied; 
but, otherwise, its odour is fulsome and dis* 
gusting. This is a lesson which we have no 
doubt Mrs. Troll )pe has heard before : whe* 
ther she may prof t by it, is another point. 

But, whatever may be this lady's merit in 
other walks of lit erature, we have never be^ 
able to admire he ' as a writer of fiction. ^ Her 
Abbess was gross, exaggerated, and in ])as8age8, 
indelicate — pne ol the worst specimens of a had 
school. There vere scenes in that romance 
which we talce lea^e to say, few men would have 
written. 

Then there was another, whose tiUf we 
forget, in which a modern Lady Mael>eth sort 
of a character figuved away as the hen<ine. It 
was not one of those **fiiuhless monste/s which 
the world ne'er saw»" but ** wicey warcey," as 
Liston would say. 

Next came The Vicar of WrcxMB, which* in 
point of delicacy, and even of dlficp9|F« .IM still 



THB ALDINB MAGAZINE* 



n 



man objectionahle than The Abbess ; the stage* 
coach exhibition to M'it. This production was 
the more offensive to all right-thinking minds, 
of whatever sect or creed, as it constituted a 
yiolent and overstrained attack upon what are 
tcnned evangelical clergymen. If Mrs. Trollope 
tlKNight that, by such a proceedings she served 
the cause of the church, or gratified its ministers 
OF members, she laboured under a most egre- 
gious error. We dare say she has not forgotten 
tiie well-merited castigation this work received 
itt the Times newspaper. 

As for Tke Wid&w Bamaby, now before us, 
inowing for its coarseness, vulgarity, and ex- 
aggeration, and the multitudinous faults of a 
Ijy-gone school, it is not without merit, and for 
a time will hold its place on the shelf of the 
drculating library. Its scenes are chiefly laid 
at Ghdtenham, Clifton, &c., and with the 
•Sowttice ahore-naxned, may be said to affbrd 
a fieur portion of amusement. 

With the plots of novels we seldom trouble 
fturselves : to those who do not mean to read 
thewofk, the detail is useless ; to tiiose who do, 
it it worse. Hie present is unfavourable for 
I the selection of detached passages ; yet we 
i Aall venture to make one extract, which has 
Aore nature and feeling in it than mo9t of its 
anthor^s navel compositions. It relates to the 
4eath-bed remorse of a weak-minded clergy- 
na^ attended by his maiden sister. 

I ^ Mr. Baniaby had left the room as soon as he 

bad placed Miss Compton in a chair by the sick 

nan's bed, and none but an old woman who acted as 

; kis qmse remained in it. * You may go, nurse, if 

! JOQ please for a little while; I will watch by my 

I Votber,' said Miss Compton. The woman obeyed, 

i »nd they were left alone. The old man followed the 

I Burse with his eyes as she retreated, and when she 

closed the door said — X am glad we are alone once 

njore, dear sister, for you are the only one I could 

open my heart to. I don't believe I have been a 

very wicked man, sister Betsy, though I am afraid I 

I never did much good to anybody, nor to myself nei- 

i l^r; but the one thing that lies hea\y at my heart, 

is having sold away my poor father's patrimony. I 

can't help thinking, Betsy, that I see lim every now 

and then at the bottom of my bed, with his old hat, his 

spud,and his brown gaiters — and — I never told any- 

wKly ; but he seems always just going to repeat the last 

I *ords he ever said to me, which were spoken just 

like as I am now speaking to you, Betsy, with his 

hst breath; and he said, *Josiab, my son, I could 

not die with a safe conscience if I left my poor 

Weakly Betsy without sufficient to keep her in the 

finje quiet and comfort as she had been used to. But 

it would grieve me, Josiah.* — Oh I how plain I hear 

kis ^ice at this minute !— ' It would grieve me, 

teb,' he said, ' if I thought the acres would be 

parted for ever ; they have been above four hundred 

jfttfi bek>oging to us from father to son ; and once 

CoQptoa ikiaeU was a name that stood for a thousand 



be angry, sister Betsy/ said the siek man, pressing 
her hand which he held, ' but he said, I don*t think 
Betsy very likely to marry ; and if she don*t, Josiah, 
why then all that is left of Compton Basett will be 
joined together again for your descendants ;' and yet, 
after this, I sold my portion, Betsy, and I do fear 
his poor spirit is troubled for it — I do, indeed — and 
it is that which hangs so heavy upon my mind.' ' And 
if that be all, Josiab, you may close your eyes, and 
go to join our dear father in peace. He struggled 
with and conquered his strongest feeling, his just and 
honourable pride, for my sake ; and for his, as well 
as for the same feeling, which is very strong within 
my own breast also, I have lived poorly, though not 
hardly, Josiab, and have added penny to penny till I 
was able to make Compton Basett as respectable a 
patrimony as he left it. It was not farmer Wright 
who bought the land, bfothei— -it was I.' The old 
ii»n*s emotion at hearing this was stronger than any 
he bad shewn for many years. He raised his sister's 
hand to his lips, and kissed it fervently. * Bless you^ 
Betsy ! — bless you, my own dear sister I' — he said in 
a voice that trembled as much from feeling as from 
weakness, and for several minutes afterwards he lay 
perfectly silent and motionless. Miss Compton 
watched him with an anxious eye, and not without a 
flutter at her heart lest she should suddenly find this 
stillness to be that of death. But it vras not so : on 
the contmry, his voice appealed considerably stronger 
than it had done since their interview began, when 
he again spoke and said — ^l see him now, sistei 
Betsy, as plainly as I see the two posts at the bottom 
of my bed, and he stands exactly in the middle be-* 
tween them ; he has got no hat on, but his smooth 
white hair is round his face just as it used to be, and 
he looks so smiling and so hnppy. Do not think I 
am frightened at seeing him, Betsy ; quite the con* 
tnuy. I feel so peaceful, so very peaoefol.* * Then 
try to sleep, dear brother V said Miss Compton, who 
felt that his pulse fluttered, and aware that his senses 
were wandering, feared that the energy with which 
he spoke might hasten the last hour, and so rob his 
grandehild ef his blessing. ^ I will sleep,* he replied, 
more composedly, ' as soon as you haye told me one 
thing: Who wiU have the C^ptcm Basett estate, 
Betsy, when you are dead Y ^ Agnes Willoughby,* 
replied the spinster, solemnly. ' That is right. Now 
go away, Bet8y-*-it is quite right : go away now,.and 
let me sleep * 

' ' 111 1 ■ •■•■ «nwv>v«>, 

SCRAPIANA. 



Apparent ran nantes in gurgite vasto. 

— Viao. 

uirea of Europe. 
The surface of the different European States, in 
geographic square miles, is as follows ; — Russia, 
875,174; Austria, 12,153J; France, 10,086; Great 
Britain, 5,535 : Prussi?\, 5,Q40; the Netherlands, 
(Belgium) 1,196; Sweden, 7,935J; Norway, 5,798; 
Denmark, 1,01 9f; Poland, 2,293; Spain, 8,446; 
Portugal, 1,722 ; Two Sicilies, 1,987 ; Sardinia, 
1 ,363;ThePope'sTerritory,8U; Tuscany,295-9.25ths; 
Swiuerland, 696^ ; European Turkey, 10,000 ; Ba- 
varia, 1,383; Saxony, 348; Hanover, 696 ; Wur« 
tembure, 369; Baden, 276 ; Heaae Darmaladt, 185 



M 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



The Dukedom of Clarence, 
It is singular, as Captain Trant remarks in his 
I^arrative of a Journey through Greece, in 1 830, that 
a wretched village in that country should have bes- 
towed its name npon a British monarch. On reach- 
ing the Grecian coast, the Captain observes, one of 
the most prominent objects was Castel Fomese, an 
old Venetian fort, now a ruin, but in former days 
affording protection to the town of Chinrenga or Cla- 
rentia, which by strange decree of fortune, has given 
the title of Clarence to our royal family. It would 
appear, that at the time when the Latin Conquerors 
of Constantinople divided the western empire, 
amongst their leading chieftains, Clarentia, with the 
district around it, and which comprised almost all 
of ancient Elis, was formed into a duchy, and fell to 
the lot of one of the victorious nobles, who transmitted 
the title and dukedom, to his decendants, until the 
male line feiled, and the heiress of Clarence married 
into the Hainault family. By this union, Philippa,the 
consort of Edward the third, became the representative 
of the Dukes of Clarence, and on this account was 
Prince Lionel invested with the title which has since 
remained in our royal family. 

Utility of Singiv^, 
Dr. Ru«h, an American Physician, thus speaks 
of the utility of singing, not only as an accom- 
plishment, but as a corrective of the too common 
tendency to pulmonic complaints : — ^** Vocal music** 
says this celebrated writer, ''should never be neglected 
in the education of a young lady. Besides preparing 
her to join in that part of the public worship which 
consists in Psalmody, it will enable her to soothe the 
cares of domestic life, and the sorrows that will 
sometimes intrude into her own bosom may all be 
relieved by a song, when sound and sentiment unite 
to act upon the mind. I here introduce a fact, 
which has been suggested to me by my profession, 
and that is, that the exercise of the organs of the 
breast by singing, contributes very much to defend 
them from those diseases to which the climate and 
other causes expose them. The Germans are seldom 
afflicted with consumption ; nor have I ever known 
but one instance of spitting blood among them. This 
I believe, is in part occasioned by the strength, which 
their lungs acquire by exercising them in vocal music, 
for this constitutes an essential branch of their educa- 
tion. The music master of our academy has furnished 
me with an obervation still more in favour of this 
opinion. He informed me that he had known several 
instances of persons, who were strongly disposed to 
consumption, who were restored to health by the 
exercise of their lungs in singing." 

Longevity of Artists. 
Nearly all the Italian painters lived to an advanced 
age. Spinello was nearly 100 ; Carlo Cignani, 91 ; 
Michael Angelo, 90 ; Leonardo da Vinci, 75 ; Cala- 
bresi, 86 ; Claude Lorraine, 82 ; Carlo Maratti, 88 ; 
Tintoretto, 82 ; Sebastian Ricci, 78; Francesco Al- 
bano, 88; Guido, 68; Guercino, 76; John Baptist 
Crespi, 76; Guiseppe XZlrespi, 82; Carlo Dolce, 70; 
Andrew Sacchi, 74 ; Zuccharelli, 86; Vernet, 77; 
Schidoniy 76. 

Wardrobe of George IV. 

At the first sale of the Wardrobe of His Majesty 

George IV. there were fifteen pairs of Jack (military) 

boots^^ordinary boots, and shoes, innumerable; whips, 

eighty,' including every variety of four-in-hanid, car- 



riage, single, hunting, and French postilion; sticks' 
ninety-four, holly, thorn, and crab. 

Black and white silk stockings, chiefly marked with 
the initials G. R. one hundred and sixty-seven pairs. 

Coats, fifteen of the Windsor uniform undress, the 
same uniform dress, four ; military coats four, dress, 
ten or a dozen, besides body coats, great coats, &c., 

Lot. 233 — ^A superb and costly robe of rose colour 
satin, with the star, &c. worn at the coronation by 
the chief object of the pageant. Price £7 5 

234. Three crimson velvet waistcoats, worn at the 
same time, fourteen guineas. 

236. A blue cloth hussar jacket embroidered, '&&, 
eight guineas. 

238. A dress coat of the Windsor uniform. The 
collar and cuffs embroidered in gold. £4 16 

244. A gold pencil and pen, by Doughty, for 
which there was great competition, six guineas and a 
half. 

248. A medal commemorative of the visit to Ire- 
land, in 1821, (according to the auctioneer, the only 
one struck). £3 15 

258. Four cambric pocket handkerchiefs, marked 
G.R. £2 

260. Four Indian silk pocket handkercbie&. 

£2 J7 5 

Increase of the Nutubers of Mankind. 

On the supposition that the human race has a 
power to double its numbers four times in a century, 
or once in each succeeding period of twenty-five years 
as some philosophers have computed, and that nothing 
prevented the exercise of this power of increase, the 
descendants of Noah and his family would have now 
increased to the following number :— 1,496,577, 
676,626,844,588,240,573,268,701,473,812,127,674, 
924,007,424. 
The suiface of the earth contains, 

of square miles .... 196,663,355 

Mercury and all the other Pla- 
nets, contain about . . * 46,790,511,000 

The Sun contains 2,442,900,000,000 

Hence, upon the supposition of such a rate of 
increase of mankind as has been assumed, the num- 
ber of human beings now living would be equal to 
the following number for each square mile upon the 
earth, the sun, and all the planets, 61,062,000,000, 
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000; or, to the 
following number for each square inch, 149,720, 
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. This last num- 
ber alone is infinite with relation to human cnnceptioD. 
Merely to count it would require an incredible period. 
Supposing the whole inhabitants now upon the sur- 
face of the globe to be one thousand millions, which 
is believed somewhat to exceed the actual number, 
and supposing that this multitude, infants and adults, 
were to be employed in nothing else but counting, that 
each were to work 365 days in the year, and ten houR 
in the day, and to count one hundred per minute, it 
would require, in order to count the number in 
question, 6,536, SCO millions of years. 

The First Balloon. 

There is an anecdote of Black, which was told by 
the late Mr. Benjamin Bell, of Edinburgh, author 
of a well-known system of Surgery, and he assured 
me that he had it from the late Sir Geoige Clarke, 
of Pennicuik, who was a witness of the circumstaoce, 
related. Soon after the appeaianice of Mr. Cavendisli's 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



98 



paper od hydrogen gas, in which he made an ap- 
proximation to the specific gravity of that hody, shew- 
ing that it was at least ten times lighter than the 
Common air. Dr. Black invited a party of his friends 
to supper, informing them that he had a curiosity to 
show them. Dr. Hutton, Mr. Clarke of Eden, and 
Sir George Clarke, of Pennicuik, were of the num- 
ber. When the company invited had assembled he 
took them into a room. He had the alien tois of a 
calf filled with hydrogen gas, and upon setting it at 
liberty, it immediately ascended, and adhered to the 
ceiling. The phenomenon was easily accounted for : 
it was taken for granted that a small black thread had 
been attached to the alien tois, that this thread passed 
through the ceiling, and that some one in the apart- 
ment above, by pulling the thread, elevated it to the 
'ceiling, and kept it in that position. This explanation 
was so probable, that it was acceded to by the whole 
company ; though, like many other plausible theories, 
it turned out to be wholly unfounded ; for, when the 
allentois was brought down, no thread whatever was 
found attached to it. Dr. Black explained the cause of 
Ac ascent to his admiring friends : but such was his 
carelessness of his own reputation, and of the informa- 
tion of the public, that he never gave the least account 
of this previous experiment even to his class, and more 
than twelve years elapsed before this obvious property of 
bydiogen gas was applied to the elevation ofairballoons, 
by M. Charles in Paris. Thompson's History of 
'Chemisiry, 

Pronunciation of Polish Names, 

All vowels are sounded as in French and Italian ; 
and there are no diphthongs, every vowel being pro- 
nonnced distinctly. Tlie consonants are the same as 
in English, except these. — W, which is sounded like 
a c at the beginning of a word ; thus, Warsaw, Var- 
srfa; in the middle or at the end of a word, it has 
the sound of^, as in the instance already cited, and 
Narew, Naref. C like tz, and never A; ; thus Pac is 
sounded Patz. G Wkeg in Gibbon; thus, Oainski; 
. Cft, like the Greek x I thus. Lech, Lek. Cz, like the 
■English tch in pitch ; thus, Czartoryski, pronounced 
Tckartoriski. Sz, like sh in shape, thus Staszyc, like 
Stashytz ; Szcz, like Shtch ; thus, Szczerbiec, like 
Shtcherbietz. Rz, like j in je, with a slight sound 
of r; thus Rzewuski, like Rjevtiski. — Fktcher^s, 
Toland, 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS, &c. 



Incidmts of Travel in the Rtissian and Turkish 
Empires. By J. L. Stephens, Esq. Author of 
"Incidents of Travel in the Holy Land.'' 2 vols, 
post 8vo. Bentley. 1839. 

We resume, from page 76, the extract from Mr. 
Stephens's work, relating to the Salt Mines of Cra- 
cow: — 

" There are more than a thousand chambers or 
halls, most of which have been abandoned and shut 
vp. In one is a collection of fanciful things, such as 
nogs, hooks, crosses, &c., cut in the rock-salt. Most 
of the principal chambers had some name printed 
over them, as the * Archduke,* * Carolina,' &c. 
Whenever it was necessary, my guides went a-head, 
vA stationed themselves in some conspicuous place, 



lighting up the dark caverns with the blaze of their 
torches, and, after allowing me a sufficient time, 
struck their flambeaux against the wall, and millions 
of sparks flashed and floated around and filled the 
chamber. In one place, at the end of a long, dark 
passage, a door was thrown open, and I was ushered 
suddenly into a spacious ball-room lighted with 
torches; and directly in front, at the head of the 
room, was a transparency with coloured lights, in the 
centre of which were the words * Excelso hospiti,* 
' To the Illustrious guest,' which I took to myself, 
though I believe the greeting was intended for the 
same royal person for whom the lake chamber was il- 
luminated. Lights were ingeniously arranged around 
the room, and at the foot, about twenty feet above 
my head, was a large orchestra. On the occasion 
referred to a splendid ball was given in this room ; 
the roof echoed with the sound of music ; and nobles 
and princely ladies flirted and coquetted the same as 
above ground ; and it is said that the splendid dresses 
of a numerous company, and the blaze of light from 
the dhandeliers reflected upon the surface of the rock- 
salt, produced an effect of inconceivable l>rilliancy. 
My chandeliers were worse than Allan M*AuIay's 
strapping Highlanders, with their pine torches, being 
dirty, ragged, smntty-faced rascals, who threw the 
light in streaks across the hall. I am always willing 
to believe fanciful stories; aind if my guide had 
thrown in a handsome young princess as part of the 
welcome to the * Excelso hospiti,' I would have sub- 
scribed to anything he said ; but in the absence of a 
consideration, I refused to tax my imagination up to 
the point he wished. - Perhaps the most interesting 
chamber of all is the chapel dedicated to that Saint 
Anthony who brought about this discovery of these 
mines. It is supposed to be more than four hundred 
years old. The columns, with their ornamented 
capitals, the arches, the images of the Saviour, the 
Virgin and saints, the altar and the pulpit, with all 
their decorations, and the figures of two priests repre- 
sented at prayers before the shrine of the patron saint, 
are all carved out of the rock salt ; and to this day 
grand mass is regularly celebrated in the chapel once 
every year. 

* * • Here I was far deeper under the earth than 
I had ever been above it , and at the greatest depth 
from which the human voice ever rose, I sat down on 
a lump of salt and soliloquized, 

" Through what varieties of untried being, 
Through what new scenes and changes must we pass I" 

" I have since stood upon the top of the pyramids , 
and admired the daring genius and the industry of 
man, and at the same time smiled at his feebleness 
when, from the mighty pile, I saw in the dark ranges 
of mountains, the sandy desert, the rich valley of the 
Nile and the river of Egypt, the hand of the world's 
great Architect; but I never felt man's feebleness 
more than here ; for all these immense excavations, 
the work of more than six hundred years, were but as 
the work of ants by the roadside. The whole of the 
immense mass above me, arid around and below, to 
an unknown extent, was of salt : a wonderful pheno- 
menon in the natural history of the globe. All the 
diflerent strata have been carefully examined by sci- 
entific men. The uppermost bed at the surface is 
sand ; the second clay, occasionally mixed with sand 
and gravel, and containing petrifactions of marine 
bodies ; the third is calcareous stone ; and from^these 



M 



rHfi ALDIME KfAOAZlNS. 



circumstances it has been conjectured that this spot 
vyas formerly covered by the sea, and that the salt is 
a gradual deposit formed by the evaporation of its 
'waters. I was disappointed in some of the particu- 
lars which had fastened themselves upon my imagi- 
nation. I had heard and read glowing accounts of 
the brilliancy and luminous splendour of the passages 
and chambers, compared by some to the lustre of 
precious stones ; but the salt is of a dark gray colour, 
almost black, and although sometimes glittei'ing when 
the light was thrown upon it, 1 do not believe it 
could ever be liohted up to shine with any extraordi- 
nary or dazzling brightness. Early travellers, too, 
had reported that these mines contained several villa- 
ges, inhabited by colonies of miners, who lived con- 
stantly below ; and that many were born and died 
there, who never saw the light of day ; but all this is 
entirely untrue. The miners descend every morning 
and return every night, and live in the village above. 
None of tliem ever sleep below. There are, however, 
two horses which were foaled in the mines, andjiave 
never been on the surface of the earth. I looked at 
these horses with great interest, Tliey were growing 
old before their time ; other horses had perhaps gone 
down and told them stories of a world above wbich 
they would never know.'* 



Letter to the Queen on the State cf the Monarchy. 

By a Friend of the Monarchy. Fourth Edition. 

Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. 1883. 
By common report, this Letter, which has <' made 
some noise in the world ,*^ is from the pen of Lord 
Brougham. We can only say that, if it be, it is widely 
differentin style and manner from any other composition 
that we have seen of his Lordship's. In all the writ- 
ings that we have ever perused of Lord Brougham's, 
the construction of the sentences is marked by great 
and striking peculiarity. One of the distinguishing 
jfeatures of his Lordship's, style is the great length 
4)f his sentences — with an extraordinary, and wbnder- 
ful, an unceasing and most felicious flow ef ideas as 
well as of words. In writing, as in speaking, Lord 
Brougham is accustomed to start from a give point: 
for a certain length, he proceeds in a straight line ; 
then he flies ofi'at a tangent— tangent after tangent— 
traverses half the globe in a single sentence ; but, to 
whatever distance he may advance, he, without once 
losing sight of his object, invariably winds round, and 
lucidly comes back to bis starting point. There is 
a rare quality in either oral or written composition. 
But such is not at all the case in the pamphlet before 
us; the mere style of which is marked by little if any 
peculiarity. Generally speaking, its sentences are 
concise, terse, and Junius-like, consisting, frequent- 
ly, of simple propositions, rath«r than long, voluble, 
and voluminous. The only characteristic that would 
for a moment induce us to suspect the composition 
to be Lord Brougham's, is that of the unlooked-for, 
sly, epigrammatic, and bitterly sarcastic strokes which 
are now and then dealt with unerring and deadly aim. 
However, we do not mean to say, that if his Lord- 
ship had any adequate purpose in view, he could not 
disguise, vary, or depart from his usual style. ErgOy 
the" Letter" moy be Lord Brougham's. 

We have little to do, and wish to have little to do, 
with politics ; consequently, we shall not attempt to 
enter into the party or political merits of this pamph- 
let. Suffice it to say, that the writer, whoever he may 



be, Employs the keen and powferftil weapons ofi 
literary gladiator, and makes tremendously hard hitS 
In the language of " the fancy,*' hc is an ** ugly cus^ 
tomer i^ we should not relish him as an opponent. 

A single excerpt may suffice to shew the aninm 
of the production : 

" It is not very safe for a whig ministry to turn i 
their backs upon the country, and seek only the favour ! 
of the court. It is somewhat new and strange for a 
popular party to be in opposition to the people, aod 
to nang, for their whole support, by the frail thread of ■ 
royal favour. That the doom of such a government 
is sealed, no one can doubt; that it can only be i 
averted by a speedy, a sudden, an entire repentance ' 
and amendment of life, is absolutely certain. But' 
you, Madam, aie any thing rather than a mere spec- ^ 
tator of all this unprecedented sCene. There is one 
act for which you and all sovereigns are answerable: | 
of choosing the Ministers, the sole and undivided re^-'i 
ponsibility rests upon the Sovereign. In tliat act' 
there can be no adviser responsible in any sense thait 
is intelligible to plain understandings. Lawyers may 
quibble; the metaphysicians of politics may subtilize; 
the transcendental doctors of our constitution mxf , 
refine, and try to persuade us of what they themselves 
cannot comprehend, — that the man who takes the 
office which his sovereign tenders him is the respon- 
sible adviser of the offer thus made. No person df 
ordinary straight-forward understanding ever will' 
bring his faculties to put any reliance upon stich^^ 
fiction. Its want of all foundation in iact is obvioof;' 
to the meanest capacity. So far it resembles the fic> 
tions in which the law delights. But it is not on^ 
unfounded in truth ; it is contrary to the plain truth,' 
nay, to the possibility of truth ; and he who can be-' 
lieve or imagine that any person is answerable for* 
another's resolving to send for him and employ bin. 
may next understand how Baron Trenck could m. 
into a pit, and then run home for a ladder to claiuber 
out of it. Believe me, whatever these subtle docton 
may say, the bulk of mankind look to the Sovs-' 
REIGN, and to the Sovereign alone, as th€ party I9- 
sponsibld for the choice of the minista*." 



Heads ff the People taken off by Quisfizsa, No. 3. 
Tyas. 1839. 

Mr. Tyas*s " Heads'* become more and more capital 
every month. Good as were Meadows*s designs in 
Nos. I. and II., they are vastly superior in No. Itl. 
"The Spoiled Child" is indeed **a child more easily 
conceived than descr;ibed :^ the picture is a thousand 
times preferable to the reality. 

" The Old Lord*' is highly aristocratic, and thouj^ 
less intellectual, bearing no slight resemblance to Sir 
Francis Burdett. His literary illustration is very 
neatly and quietly written under the signature of 
" EcHioN ;" though we have yet to learn why the 
accident of a man*s being a peer should be deemed 
good and sufficient reason for holding him up to 
derision and contempt. 

That heartless burly old brute, " The Beadle of the 
Parish,*' is so like, that it must be from the life. 

For "The Linen Draper's Assistant,'* the artist 
and the scribe (Henry Brownrigg, Esq., odierwise 
Douglas Jerrold) may contest the palm of supe- 
riority : they are both so admirable that we know not 
how to decide ; but, if we must pronounce an opinion, 



THJB AS.DIM1 MAOAZtNl. 



M 



-' — 



tis aflhade of «iccMeDce in fimmr of the writer, 
leadily, were it possible, should we transfer 
both engraving and writing to our page en mas9e; 
hniy as such things cannot be^ we must perforce 
toDtent ourselves with a little bit of ** flannel}' 

"There are bright minutes in the long day of the 

|JDeiHiraper*8 assistant; minutes of half-confidence 

mih shopping beauty, coveted in vain by other 

tkalers; and the address, the delicacy displayed by 

jUm on these occasions, test him as the master of his 

Wnft. There are certain questions wich he hazards 

^th a self-depreciating look, as though he were 

P^ dallying with an interdicted subject." It is, as we 

fAve observed, the linen-draper's province to suggest 

|Ae want of things, the very existence of which is not 

|Id be merely doubted, but to be utterly unknown to 

jaaDkind at large. It is his business to harp con- 

* nally, by inference, upon the result of the ' fall," 

" to impress xrpon the minds of Eve's daughters 

oonsequence of their first mother's transgression. 

And this the linen-draper does in so bland, so smil- 

ng a manner — in the generosity of his nature is so 

itterly forgetful of the share his own sex bears in the 

imeral calamity, that it should be no wonder when 

ill see ladies as generously forgive the insinuation, 

tod as largely buy. 

^Charles Lamb, in one of his letters, in allusion to 

fruitless condition of our original father, says. 

It irks me to think of poor Adam laying out his 

" eony for apples in Mesopotamia 1" This regret 

s philosopher presents to our mind Eve at the 

-cffiper's. We see the shopman bow and smile, 

roll out, and roll out, and roll out I The lady 

and, it may be, the necessity of the pur- 

the evil that makes it indispensable — is, for a 

wholly forgotten in the loveliness of the article 

xht ^Nothing else?" asks the shopman: and 

Met trifles are rolled out — measured — cut. At 

bugth the assistant assumes his delicate privilege, 

Md having suggested all the known and palpable 

tommOQ-places of dress, stops, smiles, and, witn his 

lUms upon the counter, and his eyes hdlf-abashed, 

kiklosed, lets two words escape itutteringly — 

"Any flannel V 

^ And yet these are the men who wish their con- 
ation ameliorated ! Men, licensed to put queries 
iMh as these to the best beauty of the earth — the 
•foresaid beauty taking the interrogative with the 
^nnest possible grace, and thus granting indulgence 
fcr new inquiries ! " Any flannel ?" But we cannot 
— wp may not pause to philosophise on the question : 
*e leave it in its suggestive simplicity to the imagina- 
*•» of our readers." 



The Handbook of Magic ; and l^ndleti Source of 
Amusement for the Hre-side . containing Philoto- 
phiaU AmutementSf Simple Deceptions, Tricks with 
Cards and Money ^ Sleight of Hand : clearly ex- 
plained by the Sieur BHsmon de Bartoli. Illustia- 
ted with Engravings. Second edition. Tyas. 1839. 

We have not the honour of the Sieur BHsmon de 
Birtoli's acquaintance, nor dowe profess to be either 
niagicians or conjurors, but we venture to say that this 
V tlie most simple and lucid little book of its class 
*e have met with. By consulting its pages, " persons 
of even the meanest capacity'' may speedily learn to 
'^ astonish the natives/' 



THE THEATRES, CONCERTS, &c. 

Th£ pantomimes, indiflerent as they are, continuing 
to run at all the houses, the chief and only important 
theatrical novelty of the week has been the joyous re- 
turn of Madame Vestris (Mrs. Mathews) to the Olym- 
pic. Tins event occurred on Wednesday eveninj?, 
an " entirely new, grand, musical, comi-tragical, 
melo-dramatic, burlesque burletta," entitled Blue- 
beard, the joint production of Planch^ and Charles 
Dance, having been got up for the occasion. Ma- 
dame's reception must have realised the most san- 
guine expectations: the cheering lasted for "seven 
minutes and a half," (by a stop watch,) amid the 
waving of handkerchiefs and the flinging of flowers, 
one nosegay of which she picked up and pressed and 
kissed, as if she really fell not only the home-greeting 
that was bestowed upon her, but its contrast with her 
reception abroad. She appeared in tolerable health, 
and excellent spirits, but certainly not looking the 
better for her transatlantic voyage. The new piece 
was received with enthusiastic applause by a house 
crowded from the pit to the ceiling. 

However, the greate»t, or largest, novelty of the 
week is Monsieur Bibin, a Fiench giant, said to be 
eight feet two inches in height, brought forward by 
Yates at the Adelphi on Monday evening. He was 
introduced in a " serio><:omic burletta spectacle,'' en- 
titled The Giant of PaletHne, and founded on the 
story of Arm Ida, the enchantress, in Tasso's << Jeru- 
salem Delivered." Both giant and piece went oft 
with considerable eclat. 

On the same evening another new piece was pro-^ 
duced at the Adelphi, Jim Crow in his New P/aoe, 
in which Rice personated a negro footman with his 
usual success. 

The Promenade Concerts h la Musard, at the Eng- 
lish Opera House, have proved more attractive than 
V7e were led to expect. They are performed every 
evening with much variety and effect. 

NECROLOGY. 

MBS. MACLEAN, LATE " L. E. L." 

With the deepest regret, as deploring the sudden 
and premature loss of a personal friend, we record 
the death of Mrs. Maclean, the wi'e of George 
Maclean, Esq., Governor of Cape Coast Castle. 
This lamented lady, better known as L. E. L. 
(I^titia Elizabeth Landon), died suddenly on the 
15th of October last, soon after her arrival on that 
fatal shore, which has been the grave of many 
valuable lives. Amongst those, the thousands, who 
have known her, few will be the eyes unmoistened 
by a tear on hearing the sad intelligence. It is only 
a few months since that Miss Landon was married 
to Governor Maclean, with whom she left her native 
land, full of health and spirits. 

In the world of poetry — the loveliest of all sub- 
lunary worlds, and partaking more of heaven than of 
earth — L. E. L., whilst yet a mere girl, commenced 
her proud and brilliant career in the Literary Ga- 
zette. Since that period, her Improvisatrice, her 
Troubadour, her Golden Violet, innumerable mis- 
cellaneous poems, to say nothing of two or three 
eminently successftil novels, and an infinite variety of 
contributions to the periodical press, have acquired 
for her a bright and imperishable &me. But, ob- 
aerre»ii friend of hers, and of ouRh-one who knew 



96 



THE ALDINB: MAGAZINE. 



> I 



her well — *^ The qualities which gave to * L. E. L/ 
80 proud and prominent a claim upon public atten- 
tion were not those which constituted the chief charm 
of her character in the estimation of her more in- 
timate and deeply attached friends. Brilliant as her 
genius was, her heart was after all the noblest and 
truest gift that nature in its lavishness had bestowed 
upon her — upon her, who paid back the debt which 
she owed for these glorious endowments of heart and 
mind, by an indefatigable exercise of her powers for 
the delight of the public, and by sympathies the 
most generous and sincere with human virtue and 
human suffering:. More perfect kindness and ex- 
quisite susceptibility than hers was, never supplied 
a graceful and fitting accompaniment to genius, or 
elevated the character of woman. We cannot, how- 
ever, write a eulogy now — we can only lament her 
loss, and treasure the recollection which a long and 
faithful friendship renders sacred." 

The writer from whom we have just been quoting 
thus expresses himself in The Courier newspaper, on 
the evening of New Year's Day. " The feeling with 
which we record this mournful intelligence at the 
commencement of a new year, will be respected, 
when we state that only yesterday morninK we re- 
ceived from Mrs. Maclean a roost interesting and 
affecting letter, which sets forth at once with the 
animating assertion, * I am very well, and very 
happy.* ' The only regret,' she proceeds to say, 
* the only regret (the emerald ring that I fling into 
the dark sea of life to propitiate fate) is the constan t 
sorrow I feel whenever I think of those whose kind- 
ness is so deeply treasured.' She says, that her re- 
sidence at the castle of Cape Coast is * like living in 
the Arabian Nights — looking out upon palm and 
cocoa-nut trees.' And she then enters into a light- 
hearted and pleasant review of her housekeeping 
troubles, touching yams and plantains — and a not 
less interesting account of her literary labours and 
prospects — intimating that the ship which brought the 
letter we quote, brought also the first volume of a 
novel, and the manuscript of another work to be 
published periodically. To the last her friendly, 
gossip is full of life, cheerfulness, and hope. The 
next ship that sailed — how very — very soon after- 
wards — brought to us the tidings of the sudden sa- 
crifice of that life, the memory of which should be 
dear to all who can appreciate poetry, and wit, and 
generosity, the refinements of taste, and the kindly 
impulses of the heart, that make human nature — and 
woman's nature especially — most worthy to be re- 
garded with admiration and affection.*' 

The last time that we saw Miss Laudon was at a 
conversnzione in Portland Place. It was the second 
party, of which slie had been the life and soul that 
evening ; and, as we were handing her to her carriage, 
she remarked to me that she must visit one, if not two 
more, before she sought her pillow. Such are the 
sacrifices offered at the shrine of popularity. 

Mrs. Maclean was the sister of the Rev. 

Landon, the present meritorious secretary of that ad- 
mirable institution The Literary Fund, in Lincoln's 
Inn Fields. 

It was only two or three evenings before we heard 
of her death that we were looking over that new ** cu- 
riosity in literature,*' Sen loss's English Bijou Al- 
manack for 1839, the writing and embellishments of 
which can be fairly seen only by the aid of a magnify- 



ing glass. The little work was edited by Mrs. Mae- 
lean. From the poetical gems contributed by her. 
pea we transcribe the following 

FAREWELL. 

. My little fairy chronicle, 
The prettiest of ray tasks, farewell ! 
Ere other eyes shall meet this line, 
Far other records will be mine ; 
How many miles of trackless sea 
Will roll between my land and me ! 

I said thine elfin almanack 
Should call all pleasant hours back ; 
Amidst those pleasant hours will none 
Think kindly on what I have done ? 
Then, fairy page, I leave with thee 
Some memory of my songs and me. 

[Mrs. Maclean, as appears from the Coroner's Iii- 
quest held upon her remains, owed her death to an 
over-dose of Prussic acid, taken under a violent 8pa»-< 
modic attack.] 



WORKS IN THE PRESS. 

" The Colonies of the British Empire in the Wed 
Indies, South America, North America, Asia, Auh* 
tral-Asia, Africa, and Europe ; comprising the area, 
agriculture, commerce, manufactures, finances, niili^; 
tary defence, cultivated and waste lands, rates of' 
wages, prices of provisions, banks, coins, staple pro- 
ducts, population, education, religion, crime, &c. &c. 
&c. of each colony, from the official records of the. 
colonial office, by permission of the secretary ofstate^: 
with maps, plans, charters of justice and goveromat^ 
&c. In one volume royal 8vo., by Montgomery^ 
Martin, author of the " History of the British Colo-: 
nies,".&c. 

Mr. Thomas is about to publish a new volume of* 
" The Child's Library J' consisting of " Fairy Tales, 
in V^erse," by the author of " Old Friends in a New 
Dress,*' illustrated in the style of " The Family Li- ■ 
brary. The tliird part of Forster*s " Arabiau Nights" 
will be published on the 1st of February. 



BOOKS JUST PUBLISHED. 

Francis's Little English Flora, l2mo. 6s. 6d... Brookes on tiM 
Office of Notary. 8vo. 21s. . Hayes's Introdaction to Coavtf- 
ancingr, fourth edition, royal 8vo. 308... Lardner*s Cydopsectiif 
Vol. 110, fcp. 6s. . Bingley's Tales of Shipwrecks, square ifimo. 
4s. .Reid*s Elements of the Practice of Medicine, 8vo. 158... 
Last of the Plantaganets, third edition, fcp. 78. 6d. .Colbuml 
Modern Novelists' Florence Macarthy, fcp. 68... Stckes* Com- 
plete Cabinet Maker, l8mo. 3s. 6d... Church Calendar, ptat 
8vo. 4s...Gleig's Germany, Bohemia, and Hungary, 3 toIi. 
post 8vo. 3*is. 6d.. . Henry's (P.) Exposition and Practical Ob- 
servation on First Eleven Chapters of Genesis, I8mo. 4s... 
Discovery of the Vital Principle or Physiology of Man, 8vo. 
14s... Haas' Gleanings from Germany, royal l2mo. 9s... Mil- 
ner's Church History, continued by Stebbing, Vol. 1, 8to. 
l2s...Rob of the Bow!, by Kennedy, 3 vols. iK>st 8vo. 24s... 
Sinclair's Holiday Home, fcp. 6s. 6d...Ribbau's Moral Con- 
trast, third edition, fcp. is. 6d.. . Fowler's Tables for Poor Law 
Unions, 8vo. 10s... Logan's Scottish Banker, l8mo. 2s. 6d... 
Smith's Pilg^m's 3taff, l2mo. 58. 6d...Krummacher's St. 
John, l2mo. 3s... Sacred Poetry, second series, 32mo. 3s... 
Memoirs of Dr. Waugh, by Hay and Belfrage, royal l2rao. 78- 
. Buchanan's Comfort in Affliction, fifth edition, fcp. Ss. 6d... 
MacDonald's Christian Doctrine and Duty, l8mo. 2s. fid... 
Rawllng's Sermons, 8vo. 6s... Hay ward's Faust, third edition, 
fcp. 88... Sharpe's History of the Ptolemies, 4to. 8s. 6d... Wil- 
lis's Illustrations of Cutaneous Diseases, folio, No. l, 58. 



LoNnoK : Printed by Joseph Masters, 33, AlderFgate Streets 
Published every Saturday for the Proprietors, by Simpkin, 
Marshall, and Co. Stationers* Court, and Bold by all Book- 
•ellers and Newsyenders. 



THE 



ALDINE MAGAZINE 



OF 



3BiO!jrapf)p, 35ftltogfra})?)p, Critin'jfm, atd tbt arte. 



Vol. I. No. 7. 



JANUARY 12, 1839. 



Price 3rf. 



For the Accommodation of Subscribers in the Country, and Abroad, the Weekly Numbers of The Aldine Magaxvne are 
ze.i8saed in Monthly Parts, and forwarded with the other Magazines.— Orders received by all Booksellers, Newsvenders, &c. 



HOME MANUFACTURES versm FOREIGN 
MANUFACTURES. — AGRICULTURE. — 
THE BRITISH MARINE, &c. 

TiMB was when England was a great wheat- 
exporting country ; and nothing hut the pres- 
sure of heavy rents and heavy taxation could 
prevent her from hecoming so again, were such 
a consummation to he found desirahle, or in 
fokj respect advantageous. It is desirahle tiiat 
Bngland should, hy her arahle produce, he ahle 
to sustain her own population ; hut, under ex- 
isting circumstances, it is not desirahle that 
^e should again hecome a wheat-exporting 
country. . For fiie support of the manufacturing 
and commercial interests, at least as much as 
for those of landowners and their farming te- 
nants, it is important — ^it is essential — that agri- 
culture should he protected ; as it is only hy 
the protection and encouragement of agricul- 
ture that the community, collectively and in- 
dividually, can he secured against the exorhitant 
and crushing demands of foreign comgrowers. 
We do not say that we might not, just now, 
obtain wheat from ahroad at a far lower price 
than we are obliged to pay for it at home ; hut 
how long would that advantage last ? Common 
sense tells us that, by large and continued im- 
portations of foreign com, the English market 
would he depressed — the English fanner would 
be ruined — his land would be thrown out of 
cultivation — and, for the very staff of life, the 
nation must be cast prostrate at the feet of the 
foreigner. As a matter of course, the foreigner 
would take advantage of our situation : finding 
that we were no longer in a position to grow 
com for ourselves, he would compel us to take his 
com, and at his price : the oidy alternative — 
starvation ! This would be sufficiently dread- 
fid in the "piping tames of peace ;*' but it would 
be incomparably worse in the event of a war. 
l«t us not then by casting away our independ- 
ence forfeit our bxistencb. 

Were it not for the ignorant, the weak, and 
the wicked — ^for a combination of the three, 
unintentional on the part of the first and se- 
cond—the insane cry of " CAeap Bread !" 

VOL. X, NO, VII. 



would long since have ceased in our streets. 
However, the labouring classes are beginning 
to perceive, and to comprehend, that when 
BREAD is very cheap, wages are necessarily 
very low ; and that it is infinitely preferable to 
possess eighteenpence, with which to purchase 
a quartern loaf that costs a shilling, than to 
have only sixpence with which to pay for the 
same description of loaf when it costs nine- 
pence. 

With reference to manufactures and trade — 
to domestic as well as to foreign produce — the 
farmer is at once the most liberal and the most 
extensive home consumer. Destroy the farmer, 
and you inflict a deadly stab, not only upon 
the manufacturing, commercial, and trading 
interests, but upon those of the commimity at 
large. Support the farmer — make him pros- 
per and flourish — and you give a new impetus 
and an increased remuneration to every indus- 
trious hand throughout the empire. In fact, 
the interests of the agriculturist and of the 
manufacturer are so closely interwoven — ^so ab- 
solutely amalgamated — that they must stand 
or fall together. " UNITY" should be their 
joint motto ; and, above all, " INDEPEND- 
ENCE.'' 

By independence let us not [be thought to 
mean an affected independence of foreign com- 
merce on the part of this country. No ; 
" Ships f Colonies, and Commerce" — and, con- 
sequently. Manufactures and Agriculture — 
are essential not only to the weU- being, but to 
the very existence of England as a nation. To 
preserve, intact, our ships, colonies, and com- 
merce — our manufactures and agriculture— our 
greatness and power as a state — we must 
maintain our independence : that is, to the ex- 
tent of our ability we must hold ourselves in 
such a position that, come war come peace, we 
may be enabled to exist, and triumph, and flou- 
rish as a great people without the slightest 
necessary reliance upon foreign aid. 

We will further illustrate the meaning and 
object of these remarks by referring to a case 
to which our attention has lately been called — 
a case which^ in its different bearings, seems 



London : Frinted bj J Mastus, 3S| Aldcngtto Street 



[ 



98 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



likely to prove important in an agricultural, a 
manufacturing, and even a national point of 
view. Our allusion ifi to a company which has 
recently been formed, imder the denomination 
of " The StaiFordshire Hemp and Flax Com- 
pany, established at Rugeley, 1838, for render- 
ing British and Colonial Hemp and Flax appli- 
cable to all the Purposes for which Russian 
Hemp and Flax have hitherto been used.*' 

Perfectly aware of the trickery and manoeu- 
vring that are too frequently resorted to in the 
"getting up** of joint-stock companies, &c., 
the Staffordshire concern might have gone on 
for a century without attracting our notice, 
without inducing us to bestow a thought upon 
the subject, had it not been for the unimpeach- 
able respectability of many of the patrons and 
directors of the undertaking, and from certain 
local knowledge which we happen to possess 
respecting it. For these reasons we shall, as 
briefly as possible, state the chief points of the 
scheme. 

Under the express patronage of the Lord 
Lieutenant and many of the leading nobility 
and gentry of the county of Stafford, the com- 
pany has been formed, according to the terms 
of its prospectus, ** for the manufacture of sail- 
cloth, canvas, ropes, and cordage of unequalled 
strength, soundness, and durability, perfectly 
free from rot, mildew, or premature decay ; and 
also for the manu^ture of waterproof cloths, 
of various descriptions, perfectly flexible, and 
unaffected by the extremes of heat and cold, 
resisting alike the action of boiling water and 
of the most intense frost." The invention 
(originating with a Mr. Donlan) is further de- 
scribed as consisting " of three distinct parts, 
comprehending most important improvements 
in t^e first principles of manufacturing hemp 
and flax, whether the material be designed for 
linen fabrics or cordage, viz. : — 

^ 1. — ^A neiiv and improved machinery, applicable 
only to this method of manuracturing, 
whereby a larger quantity of fibre, without 
injuring the staple, can be obtained from 
the raw material, than by modes hitherto 
adopted, and the fibre rendered available 
in a green state, and without the injurious 
process ofste^imy hitherto employed. 

" 2. — ^The preservation of the fibre by a peculiar 
chemical compound, rendering the fabric 
free from mildew or premature decay. 

*' 3^ — ^The hitherto unattained process of rendering 
cloths waterproof, the fabrics remaining 
uninjured, flexible, and unaffected by any 
variation of heat or cold to which they can, 
by any possibility, be exposed in service. " 

Presuming these representations to be cor- 
rect — and, as we have intimated, we hold faith 
in the integrity and honour of the parties con- 
cerned — ^important advantages are offered, in a 



natiofuil point of view, and altogether inde- 
pendent of merepersonal considerations. These 
advantages are at least four-fold, and, at a 
glance, may be seen to branch off and extend 
in numerous ramifications. 1. By opening a 
new and highly profitable source of agricultural 
growth, in the Home produce of hemp and flax, 
for which, hitherto, we have been indebted 
chiefly to the foreign cultivator. 2. By this 
home growth of hemp and flax, insuring an 
actual pecuniary saving to the home manu- 
facturer, and, consequently, to the nation, 3. 
The furnishing of an increased quantity of em* 
ployment for the labouring poor in agriculture^ 
and also in manufacture, and consequently, an 
additional relief to the state by a diminution of 
the poor's rate. 4. And, what is of stilL greater 
importance, in a national light, the indepen- 
dence which, in the equipment of our com- 
merdal as well as of our royal marine, we shall 
achieve over Russia and the other Northern 
powers. These direct advantages cannot fail, 
as we have observed, to branch off into and 
create innumerable indirect and minor ones of 
a nature more or less important. 

With reference to agriculture in particular, 
we have yet another remark to offer. Flax, 
of the first quality, has already been grown in 
the immediate neighbourhood of the Rugeley 
manufactory ; many parts of the kingdom are 
especially well adapted for the growth of hemp 
and flax ; the flax and hemp for the purposes 
here required must be cut in a green state, 
before tlie arrival of the plants at maturity; 
consequently, their growth will not deteriorate 
the quality of the land more than any other 
description of produce; and, as the ftimer 
should be paid for his crop immediately on its 
having been cut and deUvered, he will be 
enabled to purchase his manure for all purposes 
with ready money, and upon advantageous 
terms. 

We have not room for entering further into 
the subject : let us, therefore, conclude with 
repeating, that the interests of the agriculturist, 
of the manufacturer, and of the nation at 
large, are so closely interwoven — so absolutely 
amalgamated — ^that they must stand or M 
together. *' UNITY" must be their joint 
motto ; and, above all, " INDEPENDENCE." 



Music and Cookery. 
I The most singular spit in the world, is that of the 
Count de Castel Maria, one of the most opulent 
Lords of Treviso. This spit turns 130 different roasts 
at once, and plays 24 tunes ; and whatever it plays 
corresponds to a certain degree of cooking, which is 
understood by the cook. Thus a leg of muttoa 
perfectly h VAnglaise, will be excellent at the twelfth 
air; a fowl i la Flamande will b^ juicy at the eigh- 
teenth and so on. 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



OQ 



LETTERS TO MY SON AT ROME. 



LETTER VIL 

NOTICE OF THE REV. SAMUEL 
AYSCOUGH. 



Aldine Chambers, Paternoster Row, 
London, Jan. 5, 1839. 
Mt dsar Son, 

By way of addendum to my third letter, 
let me observe that, in prosecuting my account 
of booksellers and their establishments, I shall, 
agreeably to my original design, include notices 
of the most remarkable personages connected 
with them, especially of those who, from their 
own merit, have risen from obscurity to emi- 
nence. Among this number the world are 
perhaps indebted to the Messrs. Rivington for 
the valuable and useful labours of that extraor- 
dmary individual, Samuel Ayscough, Clerk, 
F.SA., &c,, of whom his only faitMul biogra- 
pher says — 

" This very useful contributor to the literary his- 
tory of his country was the son of George Ayscough, 
of Nottingham, a respectable tradesman, who unfor- 
tunately launched into speculations which impaired 
bis fortune. His son Samuel, after a school educa- 
ti<»i, assisted his father in the business of a &rm for 
some time, and afterwards was reduced to work as a 
labouring miller for the maintenance of his father and 
sister. While at this humble occupation, which 
did not procure the very moderate advantage he ex- 
pected, Mr. £amer, an old schoolfellow and friend, 
(afterwards Sir John Earner, an alderman and lord 
mayor of London,) hearing of his distress about 1 770, 
UYited him to the metropolis, and obtained for him 
at first the office of an overlooker of some paviours in 
the street. Soon after, however, he assisted in the 
shop of Mr. Rivington, in St. Paul's Churchyard, 
aid then obtained an employment in the British Mu- 
seum, at a small weekly stipend. Here he discovered 
a degree of knowledge, which if not profound was 
highly useful, in arranging and cataloguing books 
aod M.SS., and his services soon recommended him 
to an increase of salary, and to some extra employ- 
ment in regulating the libraries of private gentlemen, 
the profits of which he shared with his father, whom 
he sent for to town, and maintained comfortably till 
his death, Nov. 18, 1783. About 1785 he was ap- 
pointed assistant librarian to the British Museum on 
the establishment ; and soon after, entering into holy 
orders, was ordained to the curacy of Normanton 
upon Soar, in Nottinghamshire. He was also ap- 
pointed assistant curate at St. Giles's in the Fields, 
and in all those situations conducted himself in such 
a manner as to gain the friendship of many distin- 
guished characters. In 1790 he was appointed to 
preach the Fairchild Lecture, on Whit Tuesday, at 
Shoreditch church, before the Royal Society, which 
he continued to do till 1804, when be completed the 
feries of discourses in fifteen sermons. His labours 
in literature were of the most useful cast, and mani- 
fested a patience and assiduity seldom to be met with. 
And his laborious exertions in the vast and invaluable 



I library of the British Museum form a striking in- 
stance of his zeal and indefatigable attention. 

He soon acquired that slight decree of knowledge 
in several languages, and that techmcal knowledge of 
old books and &eir authors, and particularly that 
skill in deciphering difficult writing, which amply 
answered the most useful purposes of the librarian as 
well as the visiting scholar. He assisted also in the 
adjustment of the records in the Tower, and in the 
formation of many useful indexes and catalogues, 
some of which will be noticed hereafter. By these 
means his situation became very comfortable; and 
about a vear before his death it was rendered yet 
more so, by his being presented with the small vicar- 
age of Cudham, in Kent, by Lord Chancellor £ldon. 
He wrote a very accurate account of that parish for 
the Gentlemans Magazine a few weeks before he 
died ; and, by an affecting coincidence, it appeared 
in that excellent repository the same month in which 
his death was announced. This event happened 
Oct. 30, 1804, at his apartments in the British Mu- 
seum, m the fifly-ninth year of his age. Mr. Ays- 
cough was a man of a benevolent and charitable dis- 
position, and frequently consulted how he might ex- 
ercise these virtues, without reflecting that his means 
were circumscribed. Having experienced much dis- 
tress himself from pecuniary matters, he was ever 
ready to alleviate it in others, and became a patron 
almost before he ceased to be a dependant. In his 
office in the Museum he will long be remembered 
for the pleasure he seemed to take in assisting the 
researches of the curious, and imparting the know- 
ledge he had acquired of the vast resources in that 
national repository. With somewhat of roughness 
or bluntness in hi^ manner, he delighted in volunteer- 
ing his services in all cases where the visitors wished 
for information ; and there was a preciseness and re- 
gularity in all the arrangements he had made, which 
enabled him to do this with a facility which often 
cannot be acquired by veteran bibliographers.* 

In 1783 Mr. Ayscough published a small political 
pamphlet — '* Remarks on the Letters of an American 
Farmer ; or, a Detection of the Errors of Mr. J. 
Hector St. John ; pointing out the pemicums Temi- 
ency of those Letters to Great Britain.*^ But among 
his more useful labours must be particularly distin- 
guished his '^ Catalogue of the Manuscripts preserved 
in the British Museum, hitherto undescribed, con- 
sisting of Five Thousand Volumes, including the 
Collections of Sir Hans Sloane, Bart., and the Rev. 
Thomas Birch, D.D., and about Five Hundred Vo- 
lumes bequeathed, presented, or purchased at various 
times — 1782, 2 vols. 4to." This elaborate catalogue 
is on a new plan, for the excellence of which an ap- 
peal may safely be made to every visitor to the Mu- 
seum since the date of its publication. Mr. Ays- 
cough assisted afterwards in the catalogue of printed 
books, 2 vols, folio, 1787, of which about two-thirds 
were compiled by Dr. Maty and Mr. Harper, and 

* At the present day, the intelligence which is 
evinced in the assistant librarians, and even in the 
porters of those assistants, at the British Museum — 
and at the same time the sedulous and obliging at- 
tention which is paid by them to the reading visitors 
of the library — cannot be knovm or imagined but by 
those who frequent the noble and recently enlaiged 
reading rooms at this great national establishment. 



100 



THB ALDINB MAGAZINE. 



the remainder by Mr. Ayscough. He was also at 
the time of his death employed in preparing a new 
catalogue of the printed books ; and had completed 
a catalogue of the ancient charters of the Museum, 
amounting to about 16»000.t 

*' As an index maker his talents are well known 
by the indexes he made to the Monthly RevieWf 
the Gentleman's Magazine, the British Critic, &c.y 
(for which he had strictly to search almost every line 
of nearly two hundred volumes !) and especially a 
verbal index to Shakespear, a work of prodii^ious 
labour. It remains to be added that his knowledge 
of topographical antiquities was very considerable, 
and that perhaps no man, in so short a space of time, 
emerging too from personal difficulties, and contend- 
ing with many disadvantages, ever acquired so much 
general knowledge, or knew how to apply it to mora 
useful purposes. The leading facts in this sketch 
(which nas had the benefit, and revisal and correction 
from Mr. Alexander Chalmers) were thrown out 
with affection by the venerable and worthy Mr. Ni- 
chols, in the Gentleman^s Magazine for December, 
1804. To that miscellany he was a frequent contri- 
butor ; and what he wrote was in a style which 
would not have discredited talents of which the world 
has a higher opinion.*' 

When I view tbe advantages to be derived 
from Ayscough's index to the Monthly Review, 
the Gentleman's Magazine, (and the work's re- 
view in them,) together with Watt'^ Biogra- 
phia Bibliotheca, that great index to all works 
in various kmguages from the earliest printers 
in the fifteenth to the latest in the eighteenth 
century, I consider them a key to literature for 
upwards of 350 years. Of the latter book 
Mr. Dibdin observes — ** That wonderful work 
of the late Mr. Watt — such a compendium of 
labour was hardly ever beheld : its uses and 
advantages are manifold and indispensable ; 
and it should never fail to be a ' library com- 
panion' in all collections of extent or import- 



ance. 



Ever my dear Son, 

Your afifectionate Father, 

An Old Bookseller. 



THE ALDINE TRIUMVIRATE.* 

We have brought down our rapid and sketchy 
memoir of Aldus Manutius Romanus to the 
period of that distinguished printer's death, in 

t There is still greatly wanted, however, a Classed 
Catalogue of the books in the British Museum. 
Thus, if a person wish to consult the work or works 
of any particular author, he has only to refer to the 
author's name in the regular alphabetic catalogue ; 
but if desirous of learning what works have been 
written, and by whom, upon any specific subject — 
Pharmacy, or Meteorology, for instance — there is no 
channel open through which he can obtain the re- 
quired information. Without a recollection of the 
names of the authors, nothing can be done. 
* Vide pages 2 and 52. 



1515; but we have additional matter to ofifer 
before we can proceed with our proposed notice 
of his successors. "The name of Aldus." 
remarks the editor of The Bibliographical and 
Retrospective Miscellany, published a few years 
since, " will live in the memory of man as long 
as there survives in the world the love of 
literature, of which he has shewn himself so 
deserving by his honourable labours. Whether 
Aldus was descended from a noble fieunilyor 
not is of little consequence ; if he were reisilly 
the son of a converted Jew, the greater honour 
doth it confer on him, who, in that case, was 
the founder and architect of his own fame: 
and the remark made by Lipsius of the two 
Scaligers, will apply with equal truth to the 
Alduses — ^that if they were not princes they 
deserved to be, on account of their extra- 
ordinary genius and wonderful erudition. For 
every man of superior talent and learning we 
must expect to find an envious Scoppius ; yet 
were all that Ciofani has urged on this point 
against Aldus Manutius, strictly correct, how 
entirely is this pardonable vanity eclipsed by 
his patient and unwearied assiduity in rescuing 
the literature of Greece and Rome from the 
dark oblivion of the middle ages ; devoting the 
best years of his life, and the whole of his 
fortune to the accomplishment of this grand 
object. Let any person who entertains for one 
moment the aspersions of a writer but Httle 
known, compare the undoubted compositions 
of the Venetian printer, — ^both the fnend and 
companion of the great and the learned, — with 
the charge of ignorance and plagiarism, con- 
tained in the letters of Ciofani, and we feel 
assured that the suspicion against Aldus will 
immediately vanish. Mr. Hartshome * declares 
these letters to be genuine : — ^we have examined 
their authority, and are convinced that they 
are atrocious libels, unworthy of the slightest 
credit." 

It was chiefly through the example of Aldus 
Manutius, that the art of Greek Printing be- 
came familiar to many of the Cisalpine cities 
and universities early in the sixteentji century ; 
it was through his labour and enterprise that 
Greek impressions, which had been ante- 
cedently very rare, were brought into com- 
paratively general usage. A further illustratioE 
of this interesting subject will be found in the 
subjoined cursory view of the origin and pro- 
gress of Greek typography in Italy, condensed 
by Timperley, from Gbeswell's Early Parisian 
Greek Press, 

*' It is agreed that the oldest specimens of Greek 
printing consist of detached passages and citations, 

* Book of Rarities of the University of Cambridge. 



THB ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



101 



found in a very few of the first printed copies of 
Latin authors, such as Lactantius, in Monast, 
Sublacensi, aimi 1465; the Aulus Gellius and 
JjmUius of Sweynheim and Pannartz of 1469 ; and 
some works of Bessarion, Romay sine anno. In all 
these, it is remarkable that the Greek typography is 
legibly and creditably executed, whereas the Greek 
introduced into the Officia and Paradoxa of Cicero, 
Mediolani, per Ani, Zarotum, anni 1474, is so 
deformed as to be scarcely legible. The first printed 
entirely Greek book is .Luscarsis Grammatica Gr. 
Mediolanif ex recognitione Demeirii Cretensis, per 
Dionysium Paravisinutn, 4to. The character of this 
rare volume is elegant and of a moderate size ; re- 
sembling that in which the same Grammar again 
appeared anno 1499. The same work, or a portion 
of it, was repeated Grace, et cum iLatina inter- 
pretatione, at Milan, anno 1480, 4to: and the next 
year, viz. anno 1481, from the same place and press 
issued Psalterium Gracum cum Latina recognitione, 
both these, under the revision of Joannes Crestoni, 
a monk of Placentia. Mattaire believes the printer 
of these several impressions of Milan to have been 
the same Dionysius Paravisinus. 

"Venice, which had hitherto vied with other 
cities both in the number and skill of its Latin 
typographers, had indeed sufficient cause of jealousy 
on observing the palm of earliest Greek printing thus 
home away by Milan ; yet she suffered ten years to 
elapse before the commencement of an actual rival- 
ship in the same department. In 1486, that city 
produced in sacred literature a Psalterium Gracum, 
in profane, Homeri Batrachomyomachta, The first 
was executed by Alexander, and the latter by Leo- 
nicus, both Cretans. Mettaire describes the character 
of the Psalter as exhibiting a very antique and singular 
appearance. The Batrachomyomachia, nothing more 
legible than the former, is, however, furnished with 
accents and breathings. It also exhibits certain 
Greek scholia found in no early edition besides ; and 
what is more singular, they are arranged between the 
lines of the poem, ut singulis carminibus inter lineare 
superstet scholium. Both these scholia and the title 
page are printed en rouge. Such an intermixture of 
red and olack in every page Mattaire thinks not 
unpleasing. Of this rare volume he procured in his 
own time a kind of fac-similie impression, which is 
knomi to collectors* 

"Milan and Venice, then, produced the earliest 
impressions; but whilst they were satisfied with such as 
were of a minor description, Florence contemplated a 
gigantic project, which was to throw all past efforts into 
the shade. It was nothing less than that noble edition 
of the whole works of Homer, Homeri Opera Omnia, 
Grace, which was finished anno- 1488, in two fine 
volumes, folio, by the skill and industry of the same 
Demetrius of Crete, (who appears now to have trans- 
ferred his residence from Milan to Florence,) under 
the special revision of Demetrius Chalcondyles, and 
at the expense of two patriotic Florentine citizens. 
Here then was an instance of art, starting as it were 
from its first rudiments into sudden and absolute per- 
fection. Whether, says Mattaire, one regards the 
texture and colour of the paper, the agreeable form of 
the characters, the regular intervals of the lines, the 
fine proportion of the margins, or the tout ensemble, 
the comoined execution and effect of the whole, even 
iQ later times nothing more elegant and finished has 
appeared. 



" Thus Greek typography seemed already to have 
attained in a measure its aKuii maturity; as was 
evinced by the specimens we have enumerated. It 
had already forced its way through the difficulties of 
so novel and extraordinary an undertaking. Nothing 
now remained but to secure and amplify the glory 
which had been acquired: and this object was 
effected by a new series of adventurers, who soon 
began to display an honourable emulation in the same 
career.*' 

The remainder of this abtract -will be given 
in our next portion of The Aldine Triumvirate. 



MEN, WOMEN, AND EVENTS OF 
THE WEEK BEFORE US. 



A Little Great Man. — Lavater. — Physiognomy. — 
Charles Fox. — Suppression of Monasteries in 
France. — Halley the Astronomer. — The Virgin 
Queen's Learning and Taste in the Fine Arts. — 
The Fate of Moli^re.— Dr. Aikin, the « Monthly 
Magazine," and the "Athenaeum.** — Sir John 
Moore, Lord Rodney, Gibbon the Historian, and 
Spenser the Poet. — Glories of the Emerald Isle. — 
Alfieri and the Pretender. — Dr. Franklin and his 
Printing Press. — Ray the Naturalist — The Baron 
Montesquieu and Dr. Garth. — Henry VII. and 
Elizabeth of York. 

Thb Emperor Maximilian I., grandfather to 
Charles V., has been dead 320 years this day, 
Saturday, January 12th, 1839. This little 
great man, as he has been justly designated, 
had many curious points in his nature. He 
said of himself, "that whereas other princes 
were reges hominum, he was truly res regum, 
because his subjects would do only what they 
listed." To flatter the vanity of Henry VIII. 
of England, he served under him as a common 
soldier for a hundred crowns per diem at the 
siege of Terouenne. Maximilian was an au- 
thor as well as a prince ; but he was a much 
better silversmith than either. At the Escurial 
is an embossed pot for holy water, and a cruci- 
flx, of his manufacture. He was installed 
Knight of the Garter by the Marquis of Bran- 
denburg, his proxy, in the reign of Henry VII. 
He married Mary, daughter and heir of Charles 
the Bold, by which marriage, and that of his 
son Philip with Joan, daughter of Ferdinand 
and Isabella, the immense dominions of Spain 
and Burgundy devolved on his grandson Charles, 
and the house of Austria began to threaten the 
liberties of Europe. 

John Gaspar Lavater, the celebrated physi- 
ognomist, has now been dead thirty-eight years. 
He died in consequence of a wound, received 
when the French troops under Massena took 
Zurich, his native town, by storm. Lavater 
was born in 1741. There is much in first im- 
pressions ; indeed, in our humble opinion, they 



IM 



THB ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



are nearly, if not altogether infedlible ; but they 
are the result of intuition less than of study ; 
and, as we conceive, physiognomy can never be 
reduced to a science. Phrenology stands on a 
very different foundation : in that everything 
is determined by rule and system. Lavater, 
however, was an amiable enthusiast ; and with 
him " the human countenance divine" had been 
long an object of intense and anxious study. 

To-morrow is the anniversary of the birth of 
that great Whig statesman, Charles James Fox, 
the second son of Henry, first Lord Holland. 
Fox was bom in 1740, and died on the 13th of 
September, 1806, the same year in which the 
ashes of his great rival William Pitt were con- 
signed to the tomb. In the introduction to 
one of Sir Walter Scott's poems are some ex- 
quisite lines relating to these eminently distin^* 
gttished men. 

To-morrow also forty-nine years will have 
elapsed since the passing of the decree for the 
suppression of monasteries in France. 

Edmund Halley, a name ever dear to astro- 
nomical science, will have been dead ninety- 
seven years on Monday ; and on the same day 
George Berkeley, the learned and metaphysical 
Bishop of Cloyne, wiU have been dead eighty- 
six. Berkeley's writings made much noise in 
their day, and are yet studied by many. 

Of the virgin Queen Elizabeth, who was 

crowned on the 15th of January, 1559, two 

hundred and eighty years ago, it was vmtten — 

" Shee was, shee is, what can there more be said. 

In earth the first, in heaven the second maid/^ 

This of Queen Elizabeth, the murdress of Mary 
Queen of Scots, and the perpetrator of a 
thousand other atrocities ! Elizabeth under- 
stood six languages. Her translation of the 
•' Meditations of the Queen of Navarre" was 
printed at London in 1548 : her translation of 
" Zenophon's Dialogue between Hiero and Si- 
monides" was first printed in 1743, in No. 2 
of the '* Miscellaneous Correspondence." With 
her fine learning, Elizabeth was a most acute 
and profound critic on subjects of art, and we 
doubt not would have written upon them as 
well as many of the critics of our own day ; in 
presumptive proof of which it is only necessary 
to mention her persuasion that shadows were 
imnatural in painting ; and she accordingly or- 
dered Isaac Oliver to paint her without any ! 

Moli^re, the father of French comedy, and 
one of the first comic authors that ever wrote, 
was bom on the 15th of January, 1622. His 
father was valet de chambre and upholsterer to 
the king. For twenty years Moli^re wrote for 
the stage ; and during the whole of that period 
he was also an actor. His Tartvffe and Le 
iiahdi Imaginaire are immortal. In the latter 



he himself acted the imaginary sick man ; but 
labouring at the time under a pulmonary com- 
plaint, and exerting hunself with more than 
usual spirit, he ruptured a blood vessel, and 
was suffocated, in 1073, on the fourth perform- 
ance of the piece. 

Dr. John Aikin, to whom English periodical 
and fi^eneral literature is greatly indebted, was 
bom at Kibwortb. in lliceotenhire. on the 
15th of January, 1747. His original des- 
tination was medicine; and he- graduated as 
physician at Leyden, about the year 1784. In 
1796, the period we believe of its commence- 
ment, he became the editor of the Monthly 
Magazine, which he superintended till 1806. 
He afterwards conducted the Athenautn, a ma- 
gazine published by Messrs. Longman and Co., 
but which, although it was supported in its lite- 
rature by many of the first writers of the age, and 
contained niunerous articles of sterling merit, 
failed to establish itself in the favour of the 
public, and was consequently, after a year or 
two's trial, discontinued. Dr. Aikin died at 
Stoke Newington, in the winter of 1822. 

On Wednesday next it will be thirty years 
ago since Sir John Moore fell at the battle of 
Corunna ; fifty- nine years since Rodney's vic- 
tory over Langara's fleet off Cape St. Vincent ; 
forty-five years since the death of Gibbon, the 
historian ; and 257 years since the death of 
Edmund Spenser, the illustrious author of the 
" Faery Queene." Spenser's '* View of the 
State of Ireland," written in the days of Eliza- 
beth, is almost equally applicable in its truth of 
description to that wretchedly ill-governed 
country at the present hour. Then, as now, 
blood, murder, and burning were the order of 
the day. In Tjrrone's rebellion poor Spenser 
was compelled to flee with such precipitancy as 
to be under the necessity of leaving behind 
him his infant, whom the merciless cruelty of 
the insurgents burnt with his house. Such 
instances speak volumes for the humanity, the 
honour, the glory of the men of O'Connell's 
Emerald Isle — that mill-stone for centuries put 
on the neck of Britain. 

Victor Alfieri, the great Italian poet, who 
figures in the memoirs of Prince Charles the 
Pretender, was bom at Asti, in Piedmont, on 
the 17th of January, 1749. He died at Flo^ 
rence in the year 1803. 

Benjamin Franklin, the American philoso- 
pher, printer, statesman, and what not, re- 
garded by some as everything that was great 
and wonderful, was bom on the 17th of Janu- 
ary, 1706, 133 years ago. Notwithstanding 
the parade which has been made about his cha- 
racter, we think lightly of him both morally 
and politically^ His neglect of the woman to 



THE ALDINB MAGAZINE. 



103 



whom he was affianced, and who, if we mistake 
not, was fool enough after his return from 
England to marry him, was worthy only of 
that prince of scoundrels, Rousseau, and him- 
self. At the office of Messrs. Cox and Son, 
in Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 
ve have frequently seen the press at which 
Franklin worked, as a journeyman pressman, 
when in England. It was very recently, and 
prohahly may be to the present hour, in use as 
what is termed a proof-press. 

John Ray, F.R.S., a celebrated English na- 
toraHst, will have been dead 134 years on 
Thursday nex. He died at the age of seventy- 
seven. 

Friday is the anniversary of the birth of that 
great and popular French writer Montesquieu, 
in 1689, and of the death of Dr. Sir Samuel 
Churth, an English poet, standing weU in his 
day, in 1719. 

Friday is also the anniversary of the marriage 
of Henry VII. of the race of Tudor, or Theodore, 
with Elizabeth of York, by which the two houses 
of York and Lancaster were united. 



THE MARRUGE SYSTEM. 



DEATH'S GREETING. 

I COME — I come ! — ^Thou loying one, 

Not for thee is the bridal wreath ; 
The priest may wait, and the bridegroom sigh. 

In vain — ^for the mate of Death. 

I come — I come ! — ^Thou trusting one, 
Whose heart's best gem was given 

To him, who fiung the gift away, 
Like chaff to the winds of heaven ! 

I come — I come I — More peace with me 
Than in that sunlight which falsely shone : 

Sleep thou the sleep of o*erwrought nature— 
Tny weary day of life is done ! 

I come — I come ! — ^Thou mother fond, 

With babe at the doating breast ; 
Though soft that pillow, I will give 

The nursling a sounder rest. 

I come — I come I — Ay ! build your halls, 
And heap up treasure, sons of earth ; 

To-morrow the owl shall feed her brood 
Where to-day is heard the shout of mirth 1 

I come — I come I — ^Ye guilty tribe, 
Who snatch from the poor the bread of life ; 

Ye hungry horde of locusts vile. 
With which the vexed land is rife 

I come — I come ! — Your harvest hour 
Was bright, and jocund, and fat withal : 

Tis MY turn now ! and my scythe of might 
Shall merrily ply, and mow down all I 

L( S« S* 



te 



Too oft by parents join'd, unknowing, innocent^ 
Artless and young, the tender virgin takes 
A master, not a lover, to her arms ; 
The momentary transports soon decay ; 
A dull and sullen servitude soon succeeds — 
For life succeeds ; honour forbids divorce^ 
And every creature hopes for liberty, 
But the poor captive of the marriage-bed.*' 

Charles Johnson, 



Social errors are far more dangerous to the 
peace and well-being of a community than the 
misgovemment of politicians. These social 
errors are so common in practice, and so certain 
in effect, that without any great stretch of the 
use of language, they may be termed "systems.** 
One of these systems has been made matter of 
comment in these pages,* and its errors were 
shewn to be detrimental in a serious degree in 
operation ; and I am about to expose another 
that shakes morality to its foundation, as well 
as lowers the character of the community at 
large : I allude to the system of marriage, and 
often properly characterized as the trade of 
marriage! 

None but a madman or a fool can look with 
indifference on the hundred, ay, thousand times- 
told tale of the abuse of marriage, with the 
frightful vices which the forced, the convenient, 
and the fashionable marriage entail on their 
victims, as daily reported in the public papers. 
Even now, in the face of evidence, which no 
art can render less strong — depositions of un- 
erring witnessess, and the recorded decrees of 
judges which severally have pointed out the 
entailed miseries of forced marriages — even 

now too oft 

'' the tender virgin takes 
A master, not a lover, to her arms.** 

" What an eligible match this would be for 
my daughter, Harriet ;** is often the exclama- 
tion of a mother ; and the daughter forthwith 
has to play the part of unbounded affection to 
my Lord Noodle, who, with an awfully receding 
forehead and very long hair, takes the pretty 
maiden cooly by the hand, and makes her 
" Brutus' mistress, not his wife 1" 

although the marriage ceremony has been gone 
through. 

She is destined to live in " the suburbs of 
his breast,'' and her office is but to "keep him 
warm," and " feed him with nourishing dishes," 
until, perhaps, the arrival of a favourite ** daU" 
sense" or Prima Donna, withdraws his appear- 
ances of affection, for they were never more, 
and having satiated his passion he leaves his 



• F«2e«TflS Ca&dit Stnui/' 



1 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



iwom at the altar to cheriih 

le whole days and nights 
consciousness that Bome 
iceives those attentdone to 
a right. The wife, become 
jrief, may, if she be truly 
thlesB husband, sink within 
le bare thought of his neg- 
;en mixed up in the giddy 
rhich but imperfectly knows 
may o'eratep the path of 
id become the mistress of 
le reader to follow in ima- 
hismanandwoman. Death, 
it, is the least evil that can 
isery they entail upon any 
oarriage is boundless in ex- 
f parental vices remains on 
iver ; society suffers, in the 
ure of its weakness, and 
to blush at the little regard 

3vils not exist to this extent, 
itriroony is not the house of 
a who should look up to 
:ems of what thm/ should be, 
; constant bickerings they 
dissatisfied with their state, 
le governing principles of 

e " match" love exists on 
uties conceive that it is the 
% portion of the duty fashion 
perform : the prehrainary 
or the Marchioness of Sails - 
rive in the park, the private 
)X of the Opera, the insinu- 
pects, the absolute proposal, 
>eiilg the talk of the worid, 
: circle) the numerous para- 
ing Post and Court Journal, 
ies of contradictionB, which 
money, are worth double 
ial announcement about the 
the lucky lord, or the for- 
it may be the deserving 
Tattersal's and the clubs ; 
.the wedding ring — and the 
' the handsome presents — 
nd friends who are in truth 
^e marriage in the house, 
George's Hanover Square, 
of the breakfast, the rush 
ith the idea that you must 
nly realities of the fashion- 
llowing opposite pursuits — 
le, while the other may Uve 
if scandal, and truly become 
•n to point his bIow umuov- 



ing finger at ;" ihe husband and wife may meet 
seldom ; there is no unity of sentiment, no 
common feeling : and they who would be the 
most fashionable should know nothing about 
one another. The wife's heart is corrupted by 
what her ear hears and her eye sees ; she has 
no thought beyond present enjoyment : she 
listens to the soft words of love from one who 
is not her husband, and partly through affec- 
tion wrongly directed, and partly through the 
certainty tlut she will become the talk of the 
town, (how lost are they who esteem it !) she 
elopes with an unprincipled man, who seeing 
the weakest side has taken advantage, and 
after having ruined his victim, he'll 

" Whistle her off, and let hei donn the wind 
To prey at fortune." 

If a man will assert that either the "eligible" 
or the " fashionable" marriage carries out the 
true principles of matrimony, I will say no 
more ; but he who reflects on what even a 
mutual coldness does towards making vice tri- 
umphant, cannot but shrink back at the sheer 
idea of this desecration of what was instituted 
by God for man's happiness, and condemn the 
traffic or convenience of matrimony as certm 
to entail on the social community a misery 
that no law can prevent, ai\d no medicine can 
remove. Do men seriously think, that the 
" putting away" their wives can be easily 
accomphshed, or, if it can be easily accom- 
plished, that it is jutitiable ? 

Do mothers give one thought how much they 
tempt Heaven when they force their daughters 
to marriage ? — that in many cases they prompt 
or induce crimes that their pure minds other- 
wise would have shrunk from, or, at the least, 
give rise to misery which terminates alone in 
death ? 

These observations are made with all serious- 
ness, and with the hope that they may save at 
least one wretch hastening on to destruction: 
the system of match-making is gaining ground : 
we know it from the reports of proceedings in 
the courts of Doctors' Commons ; and many 
are the cases where the moral guilt of a wife 
or a husband has been caused by injudicious 
interference. Divorces and actions to the 
man of refinement are little satisfaction ; being 
loosened from your matrimonial ties, or re- 
ceiving a thousand pounds as the price of yom 
wife's honesty, can he little satisfaction to the 
man who has loved the woman ; but these are 
grasped at by thousands, and in the vanity of 
their minds they think that their vengeance ia 
complete, and that their offended honour (?) 
has received its full compensation. Let such 
fools be contented ; — it is they that have made 
wives frail, " Look before you leapt" is in 



THE ALDINB MAGAZINE. 



'old sajnng, and it applies moat aptly to 
matrimony, and do not by *' persuaaion," or 
through " convenience," - run your head into 
the marrit^ noose, and find yourself in the 
end either the neglected wife, or the carelesa 
husband, without any pleasurable hope, but 
(the expectatbn of a divorce or an action. 
i J. H. P. P. 



BOOK OF THE WEEK. 



That a man, possessing the correct feelings, 
the sound principles, the enlarged views upon all 
points of religion, morals, pohty, and hterature 
by which Mr. Gleig has been many years dis- 
tiaguished, should write a worthless or even a 
mediocre book, we knew to be an impossibility : 
it was therefore with the liveliest interest that 
we took up his just published three -volume 
account of his visit to Germany, Bohemia, 
and Hungary, in the year 1837. Withdrawing 
for a season from the further prosecution of ta- 
boura under which his constitution had greatly 
suffered, be, by the advice of his medical at- 
tendants, proceeded to the Continent in the 
spring of 1837. We are gratified in the op- 
portunity of stating that, in the course of his 
travels, be found that health of which he had 
set forth in quest. 

Mr. Gleig's great object appears to have 
beai to inquire into the state of society, with 
reference to morals and reli^on in the different 
countries through which he journeyed ; and 
we much regret to learn that bis investigation 
wu attended by unfavourable results. In his 
pre&tory *' advertisement" our author observes 
as follows : — 

"The truth, however, is — and tbe theoiogical irea- 
tista which issue daily from Ihe German press, may 
Blis^ the most incredulous on that head— that a 
tuber and enlighiciied pieiy, a firm and conscieniLOiis 
ud humble belief in ihe religion of the Gospe), as ir 
was once delivered to the saints, is scarcely professed by 
Uy inSuential portion of tbe (lerman community. 
In tbe Catholic countries, you And, Indeed, some 
iliow of respect for the forms of Ihe Church ; while 
Catbolic divines are, for obvious reasons, less prone 
to theorize on points of doctrine than Proiesiants. 
But even in Catholic countries, the cloven-ibut of 
Mptieism is fur ever thrusting itself from beneath 
llie priest's robe; while anionGC the Proteslanls, to 
believe God's word as It is written, forms the excep- 
tion lo the general rule which Rationalism has 
eMablished." 



' Germany, Bohemia, and Hungary, visited in 
1837. By the Rev. G. R. Gleig, M.A., Chaplain to 
the Royal Hospital, Chelsea. 3 vols. Parker. 1839. 



To enter at any length uj 
as this would lead us into ai 
sion which is totally preclu 
limits 1 and we are quite i 
miscellaneous passages trai 
Gleig's work will be infinite 
to the rettders of The Aldii 
aught that we could possil 
own pen. Here is an amusii 

'IThere is no country in th 
business of dining is more grar 
Germany. There is no city in 
dine with greater zeal than in H 
is, indeed, a momentous one tt 
the deliberation and seriousness 
go forward are truly edifying, 
gentle reader, a long table, spre 
uncarpeted room, with covers ft 
and-thirly guests, each of whom 
lo him, more or less removed fr 
ing as his sojoarn in the hotel t 
or less proiracted. As the cl( 
host — in this instance a grave pt 
himself at ihe head of Ihe boai 
I presume Ihe lady lo have bee 
his right hand. A tureen of i 
before him, from which he proci 
his guesls their respective porli 
nitj, and not a Utile of the | 
marks the bearing of a noble 
visitors. The soup is ealen leis 
relish; tbe operation being « 
talk concerning money, and l! 
of wine or beer, of which liquor 

Eirtake, without exciting the si 
eing, not even of a waiter, 
tureen being removed, there at 
dishes of bouille, that is (o saj 
nocent of fal, and boiled lo tat 
the addition of some sour sauce 
hers, the Germans eat greedily 
gorge revolt from it, must exerc: 
it comes alone in its glory. Gi 
a beginning, nnist likewise have 
disappears at last; and there 
dish offish, which, after il has s 
or iwo in fronl of mine host, goi 
the round of the table. Il is nc 
though I do not recollect thai 
other (able d'hote, was tie sam 
at least by a German. Next 
presented entire, Ihen removed 
JMlo slices, and handed round, 
pudding, and last of all, a haur 
with stewed prunes. Now wht 
that these various dishes all i 
one after the other ; — thai ni 
cucumbers and sour crout, boii 
Ihe guests lingered over their se 
enjoy them had been the point 
early davni, their fondest wisi 
the head-waiter, after seeing t 
helped, sat down at the bottom c 
himself; the beef was'succeedi 
pudding by venison, and tha 
whole occupied a space of not li 



1 



106 



THE ALDINB MAGAZINE. 



a half, it is scarcely to be wondered at, if, in the eyes 
of such as had never witnessed the like before, a table 
d'hdte dinner at the Hotel de Russie in Hamburg 
should have appeared pre-eminently absurd. 

At Berlin — 

"The new Museum, built after a design by 
Schinkel, and completed so recently as the year 1830, 
deserves especially to be noticed. It is a very beau- 
tiful structure, resting, like our own Custom-House, 
upon piles, and judiciously arranged for the reception, 
in its three compartments, of three different collec- 
tions. On the ground floor, are values and bronzes, 
some of them of rare value, and the former at least 
well classified, and arranged on mirror tables. On 
the second floor, is the sculpture gallery, which you 
approach through a circular hall, the aamirable pro- 
portions and highly ornamented ceiling of which are 
exceedingly striking ; and finally, the gallery of paints 
ings, occupying the third, or loftiest story of all, is not 
more remarkable for the worth of the treasures which 
it contains, than for the admirable order in which they 
are arranged, and the facilities afforded for studying 
them. I have neither the ability nor the inclination to 
play the connoisseur, even so far as to specify the 
pieces which pleased me most; and if I had, my 
readers would not, I suspect, thank me for indulging 
it ; but thus much I must be permitted to say : — 
Thanks to the excellent arrangements of M. Waagen, 
who has distributed the different paintings into the 
schools to which they severally belong, and compiled 
a catalogue which enables you to trace the progress 
of each, from its first beginnings to its maturity, and 
so back to the period of its decline, — my recollection 
of the gallery at Berlin, which I visited only once, is 
a thousand times more vivid and more regular tlian 
that which I retain of the collections either at Dresden 
or Munich. I believe, indeed, that the gallery at 
Berlin contains fewer gems by the great masters than 
either of its rivals on the north of the Alps ; but as a 
whole I question whether it be not at least as invi- 
ting ; for if master-pieces be more rare, mere daubs 
are more rare also ; and the attention paid to the framing 
and adjustment of the pictures is in Berlin more 
conspicuous than I have observed anywhere else, 
Munich itself not excepted.** 

Mr. Gleig's remarks upon the advantages of 
an established religion and an established clergy 
are particularly deserving of notice : — 

" It belongs to the civil government of every coun- 
try which acknowledges the necessity of a religious 
training among the people, to provide for their in- 
struction an efficient clergy, either by allotting a com- 
petent maintenance to each minister out of the public 
funds, or by securing to them severally the quiet 
possession of such endowments as private benevolence 
may have set apart for them. In seeking to render a 
clergy efficient, however, the two extremes of wealth 
and poverty will be avoided. A very wealthy clergy, 
— a clergy univereally rich, — are almost sure to be- 
come universally indolent; a pauper clergy, — a clergy 
universally poor, — can neither afford to devote their 
energies to the high work of their calling, nor, in the 
present state of society, will they command anywhere 
such a degree of respect as shall render their exertions 
acceptable to those among whom they are placed. 
In like manner the prudent statesman, whose object 
it is to govern by the help of religioD| will take care 



so to organize his clergy, that they shall not appear t» 
belong to any one order of the people exclusively. 1 
do not here wish to enter into the question as Ifli 
whether one form of ecclesiastical polity be or he not 
conformable to primitive usage. I am treating the 
matter as one of human policy alone, — ^and I repeal, 
that he must be a short-sighted statesman who can- 
not perceive how superior is the efficiency of a 
church, whose clergy pass to and fro on an easy foot- 
ing through the several gradations of society, over that 
which restricts its ministers to a companionship with 
one class only, whether it be the highest or the low- 
est, or some class intermediate between the highest 
and the lowest. 

** Again, I do not see how any statesman, unless he 
have adopted the principal of voluntaryism to its ful- 
lest extent, can hesitate to admit that it is the duty of 
a government to enter into an alliance with some oae 
church or sect in particular ; and having done so, W 
treat that church or sect with a degree of deference' 
which he does not exhibit towards its rivals. Let it: 
be borne in mind that the civil government supports 
a church, not as a means of securing the eternal sal- 
vation of the subject, — for with that consideration the 
civil government has no concern, — but as an instra- 
ment by which the subject may be moulded to ob&> 
dience, and industry, and good citizenship. But the 
church can aid in accomplishing the object only if it 
be seen to have the support and countenance of the 
government. Let the government slight or oppress 
the church, or appear indifferent as to the pi«> 
valence of her doctrines, and she will very soon ceaae 
to be an efficient engine in its hands. Am I then 
arguing in favour of persecution ? Or, failing that, 
do I wish to recommend, as becoming in any govern- 
ment, a spirit of proselytism, with which the dvil 
government ought to have nothing to do? Stirelj 
not. Toleration cannot be too ample or too complete. 
By whatever forms, or under whatever denominatioD, 
men choose to worship the Creator, they have a right 
to be protected in their worship, so long as thej do 
not outrage the feelings of those around them : but 
the government which goes farther than this commits 
an error, of which the consequences are much more 
serious than may at first sight appear.*' 

The worthy priest of the parish Hemsk- 
rietchen, a small community amongst the moun- 
tains of Bohemia, is thus mentioned : — 

" I found him, not in his house, nor yet abroad 
for amusement ; but seated on a chair in the viUage 
school, busily and kindly engaged in conveying in- 
struction to the children. He rose on my entrance, 
and afler a cordial grasp of the hand, laid aside his 
book, and conducted me home. What a contrast 
that home presented to the interior even of the poo^ 
est of our English vicarages. There was no modest 
but lady-like person to bid her husband's visitor 
welcome. — no cheerful-sound of young voices issuing 
firom the garden or the nursery, — ^but a housekeeper, 
a middle-aged woman, very little indebted to nature, 
and less to art, ushered us into an apartment which 
served the three-fold purposes of kitchen, bed-room, 
and eating hall. Carpets are rarely to be seen even 
in the palaces of the German nobility. You find, on 
the contrary, bare boarded floors^ with a high polish, 
doubtless, and here and there tastefully inlaia ; bat 
after all| boards^ and boards only* The piwi 



r~ 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



107 



■^H^ 



ipartmeDt could not boast even of this degree of ele- 
pance, — for the flooring was of mud, with a tile 
(earth near the stove. Its furniture, again, consisted 
if two deal tables, a few chairs, a bench or two, a 
poicelain stove, and a bed, such as Captain Hall has 
p eloquently denounced, in the far corner. A few 
jbooks, some of them torn, occupied a hanging shelf 
^lear the window ; and some course paper, with an 
jnk-stand and a pen, lay on the ledge beneath them. 
Jhe kind priest, however, seemed anxious to convince 
ps that, humble as his condition might be, he could 
Itill exercise the rites of hospitality. A brown loaf, 
^me excellent butter, and a bottle of good Rhenish 
jtine, were produced, on which my fellow-traveller 
fttd I made a sumptuous luncheon .'' 

From Mr. Gleig's account of Toplitz, one of 
%& most feusbionable and best-ordered watering 
jlaces in Germany, and the favourite resort of 
fte King of Prussia, we must take one or two 
ihort excerpt a. 

" Of Toplitz itself I may truly say, that I have 
aever seen a watering-place more perfectly attractive 
in every sense of the word. The town is not large; 
its Dopulation falls short, I believe, of three thou- 
Kma, and the houses are in proportion ; but there is 
About it an air of cleanliness and civility which is 
peculiarly gratifying, especially in Germany, where, 
looth to say, the latter quality is not always promi- 
JieDtly conspicuous. Approaching it as we did, from 
tile side of Dresden, you drive through a species of 
iuburb, — that is, along a road lined on either side by 
neat mansions, slightly detached from one another, 
and are carried first into a street, wide, and clean, 
and spacious, and then into the Platz, or square, 
which forms a constituent and important part of every 
Gennan town, be its dimensions what they may. 
From the square again, which has a considerable de- 
clination towards the north, you pass into another 
street, where all the principal hotels are congregated, 
and at the extremity of which is the chief attraction 
of the place, Prince Claries palace, with its noble and 
delicious gardens. '' * * * » 

''In addition to the public establishments, where 
the humbler classes take the waters gratuitously, 
there are somewhere about ninety private bathing- 
houses in the place, the demand for which, during 
the height of the season, is such that you must 
bespeak your turn at least a day or two beforehand, 
and adhere to the appointed minute religiously. For 
nobody is allowed to remain in the bathing-room 
more than three-quarters of an hour at a time, one 
quarter out of the four being claimed as necessary to 
clean out and prepare the apartment for the next 
visiter. The waters, I need scarcely add, belong to 
the class of alkalo-saline, and take their rise among 
the Eragebirge, or Ore Mountains, hard by. They 
are extremely hot, and are regarded as especially use- 
ful in all cases of rheumatic or gouty afiectioos. It is 
worthy of remark, that the Austrian medical officers 
send the valetudinary among the soldiers to these 
baths from a very great distance. When I was there, 
I saw detachments belonging to almost all the re- 
giments which occupy quarters in Bohemia ; and I 
was given to understand that they had come thither 
as invalids, and would, when cured^ return to their 
respective statioD84 

''The German^i though not &moud for their hos- 



pitality, are proverbially a gregarious people ; and at 
Toplitz, and indeed at all the watering-places, they 
appear to live in public. There are tables-d'h6te at 
all the principal hotels, where, both at dinner and 
supper, the company meet on terms of the most easy 
familiarity. To enhance the pleasure of the feast, 
moreover, Bohemia minstrels, — not unfrequently wo- 
men, — come and sit down in the Saal while you are 
eating, and sing and play with equal taste and har- 
mony. While this is going on within, dense crowds 
collect about the doors and windows in the street, 
with whose proximity, — as the genuine love of music 
attracts them, and they are as orderly and well- 
behaved as the most fastidious could desire, — no 
human being is, or can be, annoyed. By-and-by, 
the meal comes to a close, and then the guests either 
sally forth to enjoy the fresh air in the Prince of 
Claries garden, or sit down on benches along the 
trottoir, and smoke their pipes as contentedly and 
joyously as if they were a thousand miles removed 
from an Englishman's horror — the public eye." 

We take the following scene from Mr. 
Gleig's description of Tepla, a fashionable wa- 
tering place in Hungary : — 

'^ The Speisen Saal, or banqueting apartment, at- 
tached to the New Hotel in Tepla, forms a distinct 
building by itself. It is erected in rear of the house, 
and standing in a garden amid a grove of trees, pre- 
sented to our eyes at that moment a very attractive 
object. From the branches of these trees, a profusion 
of lamps hung down, the rays emitted by which 
guided us to the door, and a band of music, placed 
somewhere in the shade, cheered us with sweet sounds 
as we moved forward. And a very lively and in- 
teresting spectacle it was, which greeted us when we 
passed beneath the portal. The hall was large, — it 
could not measure less than sixty feet in length, by 
twenty or thirty in width, — ^yet was it filled, at all 
its innumerable tables, by ladies and gentlemen. 
Scores of lamps suspended from the ceiling, with a 
rich glass chandelier in the midst, shed a volume of 
light over the company, the whole of whom were 
engaged in eating, drinking, talking, laughing, and 
giving other evidence of a state both of body and 
mind altogether at ease. Then, again, the dresses of 
all were handsome, — of some even brilliant. The 
ladies wore such robes as we see in London, in 
Vienna, and in Paris ; but of the men, many were 
arrayed in the picturesque costume of their country, 
having their moustaches well curled, their vests 
richly embroidered, their short cloaks made of velvet, 
and their swords handsomely mounted and fur- 
nished. Officers, too, were there, in their plain white 
uniforms, — gentlemanly looking persons, and, as it 
seemed to me, in high favour with the fair sex, 
whether because their manners were more gentle, or 
their faces smoother than those of the lay nobles, I 
cannot pretend to say. On the whole, the spectacle 
was as striking as any thing of the sort to which I 
recollect at any other time to have become a witness ; 
and we were not sorry that the accustomed tardiness 
of the Hungarian grooms gave us ample time and 
leisure to enjoy it." 

We have just sufficient room left for the sub- 
joined amusing account of a curious custom 
prevalent in Bohemia of feeding the cattle^ &c. 
of a whole village in common ;«- 



/ 



THE ALDINB MAOAZINE. 



" We Trere sitting beside the open wiudorr, the 
n havLDg gone down about an hour, nben all be 
ce there came pouring along the street a nhole 
cows, and geese, grunting, lowing, 
steering full tilt, !» ihe palpable dis- 
■j biped whom they encountered. Il 
I observe lUe angacily with which the 
.fteranoiher, broke off from the throng, 
:li for its own domicile. Here an 
went splashing ibrough the mud down 
ne. till she reached her sty; there a 
I of geese, with wings distended, 
the earth's surface, towards tlieir roost, 
the movements of the cows were the 
, though they, like their companions, 
ly free of control. We remembered, 
the antics o! these animals, what had 
of the custom, in reference lo such 
lemia ; and we came lo the conclusion 
lie cattle belongiug lo each village were 
. We were not mistaken in drawing 
and we had the good fortune, — for so, 
igbing, we accounted it, — to witness 
he process of muster as it went on. 
s of dawn were just cominp in, when 
id, and peculiar blast of a bom anoke 
i up, and saw, standing beneath my 
isar)t, with a sort of trumpet at his 
as it seemed, of the bark of a tree, 
t a moderate estimate, than five feet 
lis he blew a flourish at intervals, pass- 
;h, aboullhirty or Ibtly yards; and he 
>y the outpouring of cattle, geese, and 
Ding, as it had gone on ihe previous 
^ly unattended, and all joining in a 
ludible than harmonious. 1 defy the 
al men, when beholding that spetlacie 
le, lo suppress bis laughter. Yet the 
ludicrous lo us, was regarded by the 
s in it as an affiiir of great moment, 
inlinued to wind his horn lill all the 
llage were assembled ; and then, being 
or three others of his own class, the 
ige went on their way, amid the crack- 
he hallooing of men, and the not less 
aation of sounds which the four-footed 
'ama emitted." 

passages we have given front the 
re us, it must be sufficiently ap- 
bey abound in interesting matter, 
doubt, however, that we shall, ere 
meet Mr. Gleig under circum- 
ifit equally gratifying. 



RRESPONDENCE. 

*ttet from " An Olb Bookseller's 
SoH," at Florence.] 

"Florence, , 1B38. 

ively Florence! I delight in thee more 
day. Astianger first coming to Italy, has 
sed to dreams of poetry and romance, 
ts to see little short of enchantment, 
lerefore at first disappoints him ; but 
IS to think naturally and to knowihe 



value of all around him, he, by degrees, comes to be 
fascinated by its beauties, and the tonger he sta;),, 
the longer he wishes to remain. So it is with me. 
Now I really feel that I am in Italy, and enjoy every 
thing doubly as I know its history. I see from nt 
window at this momeut the church of St. Maria da 
Fiere, the Cathedral of Florence, an immense build- 
ing of rich architecture, in black and white marble; 
next to it is the bell tower, in Italy always a sepante 
building from the cathedral. This is also in blact 
and white marble and porphyry, in gotbic architectoit, 
so rich and delicate, liiat Charles V. said it ouglittv, 
have a glass case to protect it. I never can pass i|. 
without stopping to admire it. One of \hi ear^ 
Italian painter) was its architect. In my moraingV 
walk, I pass the house of Michael Angelo, where hii 
working implements and other curiosities are yi 
shewn ; and I pass the church where he lies buried, 
~ " without sometimes taking a look at his tomb. 
3 of his works stand in the street, as does alsi 
the Fertetii of Benveitttlo Cellini, in bronze, the castinf 
of which I read a full account of in his life that yea 
bought for me at counsellor Connell's. I see and 
study from the works that Raphael, Michael Angelo, j 
Titian, Leonardo da Vinci, with a host ofoiheoi 
studied from, and this you will say ought to icspin | 
me. In truth there is ao much facility and so maof I 
means of study in Florence, that one does not koo* | 
where lo begin. Tiere are_^f« yut/ic libraria, aE] 
gratuitousli/ omenta the public ; two picture galleriM,j 
the finest in the world ; a collection of about 70,000 
drawingsby the old matters; about 100,000 prints; I 
an academy for every branch of the fine arts, wilk' 
numberless other objects in churches, convents, Su:.,| 
to all of which leasomible access is given loaniMs.| 
But I have been obliged to devote most of my time | 
to the galleries; more would I devote myself did mji 
strength permit; but there is imich to dointakira[| 
views, studying frescoes &c. in the churches. I 

You ask if I am painting for sale, or on speculi-, 
tion. I answer neither. You are aware tlraiisij 
plan I never admired, and one which I am sure you 
would not advise, except in the case of some rfioice 
subject on the spot. In fact. Sir Joshua Reynold) 
advises a man while here, never to lose ihe sinallert 
advantage which Italy aflbrds, as there is no opporto- 
nity of regaining it in after life. I paint to tbe 
extent of my strength , but am an idler compared "i* 
many who study twelve and fourteen hours a day I 
however, I have a most excellent friend and advisBi 

in an eminent Scotch artist a Mr. W , who i» 

the intimate friend and correspondent of W e. 

He is most kind lo me on all occasions in theaitii 
and there is not a day passes but I make sjme M- 

3iiaintance entirely without seeking on my part: to 
ay, a German ; this evening, an Amecicar, will 
whom, together wi'h a West Indian and aScotrb- 
man I have just been walking. In fact, iroi" "" 
parts of the world come trivellers lo Italy ; and I do 
believe thai I have a greater number of acquaiuiarce 

here ihan I had in C . Yon would laiighB 

hear some of my Italian friends' opinion of En^lani'i 
for, as they are in a primitive slate of innocence 
with respect to geography, they think we are lAax 
neighbours with our friend the North Pole, and ibsl 
we suffer accordingly. Yesterday a respectable anJ« 
asked me what sort of a SVH we had in England. I 
gave him to understaind that it was precisely i^ 



THB ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



109 




MOON I But theD the Moon ? Oh, the Moon, the 
pme as your Stars, signor. And the Stars ? Oh, the 
ptars are seldom seen. But then how did Herschell 
iiscover his planet ? By means of immense teles- 
pes, only known in England ! This was the 
>cise conversation, and was implicitly believed I 
€ £ict is, they read the iag end of accounts of 
London fogs, and think that all England light 
CEmdles at mid-day. As to the ladies, they seemed 
jk) be tolerably innocent of every thing except flir- 
lation and love-making. Still the Florentines are 
nmrteous and gentle in their manners, and from the 
jbetter classes I have experienced every civility; 
imong the lower classes so much of the aforesaid 
** primitive innocence" remains, that some worthy 
imembers of various trades think proper to adorn 
Jthemselves this warm weather much after the fashion 
«f the negroes, namely, with a very small garment 
joand the hips only. It is, however, pktiwesque, 
aod nobody seems to mind it. 
> The weather is now intensely hot, so much so, 
ftat I can hardly bear it. To stand in the sun is 
impossible, and the large stones that Florence is 
paved with, reflect a heat so intense that it prevents 
one from breathing. Yet my health has improved 
and the climate has served me much. The finest 
ihiits are to be had for a mere trifle. Melons are 
wheeled about in barrows, and form a great part of 
Ae food of the common people. Peaches are also in 
abondance. The vines are bending under immense 
dasters of grapes, which hang over the road within 
leach. The Amo, however, which in winter is a 
large rapid river, is almost dried up, and can be 
waded across by a child in many parts. 

The comparatively rich and happy peasant o 
Tuscany often makes me draw a sad comparison with 
Ireland. All here seems prosperity. — Adieu. 



SCRAPIANA. 



Apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto. 

ViRG. 

(^^onge of Colour in the Plumage of Birds from Fear, 

The following are related as facts by Mr. Young, 
in the Edinburgh Geographical Journal, A black- 
bird had been surprised in a cage by a cat. When 
it was relieved, it was found lying on its back, and 
qnite wet with perspiration. Its feathers fell off, and 
were renewed, but the new ones were perfectly white. 
—A grey linnet happened to mise its feathers at a 
roan who was drunk : the wretch instantly bore the 
creature from its cage, and plucked off all its feathers. 
The poor bird survived the outrage, and had its fea- 
thers replaced, but they were also white. 

The Arms of France, 
The fleurs-de-lys, properly speaking, are not the 
Bourbon arms. The original shield of the family 
was — or, a lion rampant, sable, within an orle of 
eight scollop shells, azure, Archambaud IX., Sire 
de Bourbon, bore no other. His grand-daughter, 
named Beatrix, sole daughter and heir of Jean de 
Bourgoigne, Seigneur de Charolois, by Agnes de 
Boorbon, daughter and co-heir of the said Archam- 
baud, (which Lady Beatrix died in 1310), having 
espoased Robert of France, Comte de Clermont 
Beanvoisis, sixth son of St. Louis (IX.)i she con- 



veyed to her husband the lordship of Bourbonnais, 
Louis I., Comte de Clermont, son and heir of Ro- 
bert and Beatrix, in 1327 was created Duke of Bour- 
born by his kinsman, Charles le Bel, and is the im- 
mediate progenitor of Henry IV. and of Charles X., 
as well as of his present Majesty Louis Philippe, 
King of the French. In truth, the fleur-de-lys — that 
is to say, azure, semee de fleur-de-lys d'or — is the 
earliest national standard since the introduction of 
Christianity, and boasts a duration of upwards of 
1300 years. It may, therefore, be considered the 
most venerable national symbol of any European 
people. 

Royal Robes, S^x, 

At the second sale of a portion of the wardrobe of 
his Majesty George IV.,* on the 9th of June, 1831, 
the following curious articles brought the prices 
marked : they will become historical curiosities. — • 
An elegant yellow and silver sash of the Royal Ha- 
noverian Guelphic Order, 3/. Qs, ; a pair of fine 
white kid trowsers, lined with white satin, twelve 
shillings ; the coronation ruff, of Mechlin lace, 2/. ; 
the Highland costume, worn at Dalkeith Palace in 
the summer of 1822, 40/.; the crimson velvet coro- 
nation mantle, embroidered with gold, forty-seven 
guineas; a crimson coat, to match with the robe, 
14/. ; a magnificent Rold body- dress and trowsers, 
twenty-six guineas ; a large white aigrette plume, 
presented by Lord Fife, 15/. ; a richly embroidered 
silver tissue coronation waistcoat and trunk hose, 
13/. ; the splendid purple velvet coronation mantle, 
embroiderea with 200 ounces of gold, 55/. ; an ele- 
gant and costly green velvet mantle, lined with er- 
mine of the finest quality, presented by the Emperor 
Alexander, and cost upwards of 1000 guineas, 125/. 
There was very slight competition for any of the 
articles. 

The Original Macheath 

Tom Walker, as he was constantly called, (the so 
much celebrated original Macheath in the Beggars* 
Opera) was well known to Macklin, both on and off 
the stage. He was a young man, rather rising in the 
mediocre parts of comedy, when the following acci- 
dent brought him out in Macheath, Quin was first 
designed for this part, who barely sang well enough 
to give a carnival song in company, which at that 
time was almost an indispensable claim on every per* 
former; and on this account did not much relish the 
business: the high reputation of Cray however, and 
the critical junta who supported him, made him 
drudge through two rehearsals. On the close of the 
last. Walker was observed humming some of the 
songs behind the scenes, in a tone and liveliness of 
manner which attracted all their notice. Quin laid 
hold of this circumstance to get rid of his part, and 
exclaimed, " Ay, ther*s a man who is much more 
qualified to do you justice than I am." Walker was 
called on to make the experiment ; and Gay, who 
instantly saw the difference, accepted him as the hero 
of his piece. 

Esprit de la Politesse, 

The following compliment was lately paid by a 
Parisian dentist to a lady. He had made several 
ineffectual attempts to draw out her decayed tooth, and 
finding at last he must give it up, he apologised by 
saying, ** The fact is, madam, it is impossible for any- 
thing bad to come from your mouth." 

■!»■■'■ ■ I I ■ ■———II , , II t 

* rMfepagei29. 



110 



THfi ALDItTB MAOAZINB. 



Lamh^t ^Epitaph, 

In 1567, William Lambe, cloth-worker, gave to 
the Stationers* Company dn annuity of 6/. 135. Ad. 
for the perpetual relief of the poor in the parish of 
St. Faiui. Oat of the annuity the Company under- 
took to pay 6<. ^d. for a sermon at St. Faith's (under 
St. Paul's Cathedral) on the 6th of May; and also 
to give weekly to twelve poor men and women of that 
parish, one penny in money, and one penny in bread; 
leaving to the Company 1/. 25. Qd. towards a dinner. 
Mr. I^mbe died in 1580 : was buried in the church 
of St. Faith; and near his grave a brass plate on a pil- 
lar was thus inscribed : 

As I was, so are ye ; 
As I am, you shall be ; 
That I had, that I gave 
That I gave, that I have ; 
Thus I end all my cost : 
That I left, that I lost. 

William Lambe, so sometime was my name, 

Whiles alive dyd run my mortal race. 
Serving a prince of most immortall fame 

Henry tne Eight, who, of his princely grace, 

In his chapell allowed me a place. 
By whose favour, from gentleman to esquire 
I was preferred, with worship for my hire. 
With wives three I joyned wedlock band. 

Which (all alive) true lovers were to me, 
Joane, Alice, and Joane ; for so they came to hand. 

What needeth praise, regarding their degree. 

In wifely truth none stedfast more could be. 
Who though in earth Death's force did once dissever, 
Heaven yet, I trust, shall joyn us altogether. 
O Lambe of God, which sinne didst takeaway ; 

And as a lambe was offered up for sinne. 
Where I (poor Lambe) went from thy flock astray, 

Yetthou,good Lord, vouchsafe thy Lambe to winne 
Home to thy folde, and holde thy Lambe therein, 
That at the day, when Lambes and Goats shall sever. 
Of thy choice lambes, Lambe may be one for ever. 



I pray you all that receive bread and pence. 
To say the Lord's Prayer before ye go hence. 

Price of a Portrait. 

Sir Thomas Lawrence's price, up to the year 1802, 
had been, for a three quarters, thirty guineas ; for a 
half length, sixty guineas ; and for a whole length, 
120 Guineas. In 1802, he raised the charge for the 
smallest size, to thirty-five guineas, quadrupling it for 
the whole length. At these rates he continued to 
paint till 1806 when he raised his charge for the 
smallest size to fifty guineas, and so on in proportion. 
In 1808 he raised his prices to eighty guineas for the 
smallest size, and 320 for the whole length ; and in 
1810, advanced them to lOOsfuineas for small heads, 
and 400 for full lengths. At these latter prices he 
continued to paint ten years; and in 1820, made one 
more advance, which he never exceeded. 

Artificial Wine. 

The Russians imitate Port wine thus : Cider, three 
quarts; French brandy, one quart; gum Kino, one 
drachm. And the French restaurateurs imitate suc- 



cessfully old hock by the following mixture : Cide 
three quarts ; French brandy, one quart ; alcoholize 
nitric ether, one drachm. 

Sir George Rodney. 

Captain Rodney, having compelled the Frenc 
ship, with which he had been chiefly engaged, to 
render, instantly boarded her, and made his way 
the French Captain, who, having given up his swor 
remarked, with the characteristic badinage of 
Frenchman, even under the severest misfortunes ,"th| 
he would rather have met the eagle in the shape ofj 
dove, wiih the olive-branch of peace." To whk 
Rodney instantly replied, in the words of his mot 
" Eagles do not beget doves ;" and in 1780, when 
was advanced to the dignity of a Knight of the Bat 
the above circumstances were made the insignia off 
arms; vis. Or, three eagles displayed proper 
swering to the three victories, he had gained of^ 
the French and Spaniards. Mundi/*$ life of t\ 
Admiral. 

Early Punctuation. 

The following amusing extract containing tl 
ancient method of punctuation, is from a work entitle 
Ascensius declynsonswith the Plain Expositor. Wit 
out date, place, or printer^s name, 4to. This wol 
is ascribed to Wynkyn de Worde from a peculiT 
type which is found in the Ortuz Vocubulorumy 
the same printer. 

" Of the craft of Poynting.— " Therbe fine ms 
pontys, and diuisions most vside with cuuDyingmc 
the which, if they be wel vsid, make the sentens vej 
light, and esy to vnderstond both to the reder, & 
herer, & tliey be these: virgil, come parenthes] 
playnt poynt, and interrogatif. A virgil is a sclendj 
stryke : lenynge fyrwarde thiswyse, ibe tokynynge 
lytyl, short rest without any perfetnes yet of sentei 
as betwene the fiue poyntis a fore rehersid. A coi 
is with tway titils thiswyse: betokynyng a lon^ 
rest : and the sentens yet ether is vnperfet : or els,! 
it be perfet : ther cunmith more after, longyng to il 
the which more comynly can not be perfect by it 
without at the lest summat of it : that gotbe a fot 
A parenthesis is with tway crokyd virgils : as an olj 
mone, & a neu bely to bely : the whiche be set r 
theton afore the begynyng, and thetother after 
latyr ende of a clause : comyng within an ot 
clause : that may be perfect : thof the clause, so comj 
betwene : wer awey and thereof it is sowndy^ 
comynly a note lower, than the vtter clause, yf the' 
sentens cannot be perfet without the ynner clause, 
then stede of the first crokyde virgil a stregth virgil 
wol do very wel : and sede of the later must nedis be 
a come. A playne point is with won tittli thiswyse. 
& it cumeth after the ende of al the whole sentens 
betokinyng alonge rest. An interrogatif is with tway 
tittils ; rhe vpper rysyngthis wyse ? & it cumeth after 
the ende of a whole reason : wheryn ther is sum ques- 
tion axside. the whiche ende of the reson, triyng as it 
were for an answare ; risyth vpwarde, we haue made 
these rulis in englisshe : by cause they be as profitable, 
and necessary to be kepte in eury mother tunge, as 
in latin. Sethyn we (as we wolde be god : eury 
precher, wolde do) haue kept owre rulis bothe in ow9 ! 
englisshe, and latyn : what nede we, sethyn owre own 
be sufficient ynough : to put any other exemplis.'' 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



Ill 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS, &c. 

^arle^s Magazine for Boys and Girh, No. I. 

Simpkin^ Marshall, and Co. 
Yes, as Peter Parley himself says, we all have heard 
^him ; he is a great traveller, and has been all over 
|be world in search of knowledge ; and, in this very 

Ciy magazine, he has determined to tell a great 
y extraordinary stories to his young friends — that 
' to all the boys and girls in England, Scotland, and 
and. 

Peter is amusing as well as instructive to a con- 
iderable extent, both in prose and verse, and he 
trates his lessons and stories by a Variety of neat 
cuts. His " Teachings from Nature" are very 
ing — his "Calendar of Science'' &c., is full of 
rmation; and "Disobedient Charles, a True 
ory," related by Aunt Parley, is excellent in its way, 
ud impresses an important moral. 

By way of specimen we extract, as most in accord- 
ince with the spirit of our own work, the following 
iccount of Paper made by Wasps. 

" You see Ais book is printed upon paper, and 
teiy good paper it is ; this was made by men and 
nachinery, of which I shall tell you by and by. 
But loDg before men found out a method of manu- 
ring paper, the art had been practised by wasps 
since wasps themselves were made, for the pur- 
of forming a covering for their nest or hive. 
" They do not use for their paper any of the sub- 
ices employed in paper manufactories, but the 
Sbres of wood, which they gnaw from posts, rails, 
viodow-fiames, &c., and when they have collected a 
t number of these fibres, they moisten it with 
ir mouths, and knead it into a sort of paste or 
ier tnSkhee (I will tell you about this some day), 
fly oflf with it to their nests. When they get to 
nests, they spread this into leaves of proper 
iBDest, and attach it to the building at which they 
as work, and put one piece of this substance upon 
other, ' in a goodfand workman-like manner, as 
bricklayers say, till a proper number of layers to 
compose the roof is finished. 

** The wasps' paper is about the thinness of thin 
post, and their nests consist of about fifteen or sixteen 
iheets of this paper ; which, placed only a little 
ilistaDce apart, make nearly two inches thickness. 
Hornets also make paper in the same way, but it is 
eoarser and thicker than that made by wasps." 

Truth and Falsehood ; or^ the Two Cousins. A 
Tale for Youth. By M. A. K. Kendrick. 

This prettily conceived little story inculcates the im- 
portant moral, " of never deviating, either in thought 
or deed, as well as in word, from the dictates of 
troth, as that is the foundation of all good, as is 
^hoodof allevil.'' 




THE THEATRES, CONCERTS, &c. 

Fot the past week, the office of Theatrical Critic has 
been a perfect sinecure. Not the slightest feature of 
Apvelty has presented itself at either of the houses, 
AijoT or minor. The Pantomimes and the Lions ; 
Madame Vestris and the French giant continue in their 
nott^high and palmy stat^.^ 



LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC 
SOCIETIES. 

ROTAL ASIATIC SOCIETY. 

At the ordinary meeting on Saturday last, Professor 
Wilson, the director, in the chair, two very interesting 
communications were read from the director and Lieu- 
tenant Willsteed on the two principal dialects of the 
Arabian language. In the illustrations of the subject, 
copious references were made to the inscriptions found on 
the rocks of Yemen, and analogical with those also met 
with in different parts of the world, particularly South 
America. lieutenant Willsteed, at the conclusion of 
the meeting, expressed his surprise that in the taste for 
African discovery no traveller should direct his attention 
to explore the southern parts of Arabia, which were 
very easy of access from Bombay. He apprehended 
that little difficulty would be felt by any individual 
travelling in a pacinc capacity, and he had no doubt but 
that many officers in the Indian navy would be found 
with spirit enough to undertake it. 

BOYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS. 

The ordinary meeting was held on Monday evening, 
Mr. Barry, V. P., the architect for the New Houses of 
Parliament, in the chair. The secretary announced the 
balance in the hands of the hanker as 67/. 48. Amongst 
the correspondence read was a letter of Signer Nicolini, of 
Naples, accompanying an Italian translation of the seve- 
ral publications of the Institute, published by the Koyal 
Neapolitan Academy of Fine Arts. These consisted of 
the constitution and bye-laws of the Institute, the pro- 
ceedings of the opening meeting in 1836, and the series 
of questions drawn up for the information of members, 
and which, being thus circulated, it was anticipated 
would lead to eliciting valuable information on architec- 
tural subjects from the Two Sicilies and the whole of Italy. 
Mr. Richardson exhibited drawings of the Old and New 
Bethlehem ; and there were also some interesting draw- 
ings of the architectural remains of the period of Eliza- 
beth and James from a collection in the museum of the 
late Sir John Soane. Donations were also announced 
from M. Valdermini, who has been employed in the re- 
construction of the imperial Palace at St. Petersburgh, 
which was recently burnt down ; and from Mr. J. 
Wells, of drawings of the doorway of the famous Bap- 
tistry at Florence. Mr, Donaldson, the secretary, an- 
nounced that thirteen new members were elected ; and 
Mr. Fowler read a paper by Mr. Pocock on the bond of 
brickw^ork, which occupied the remainder of the meet- 
ing. 

SOCIETY OF ARTS. 
On Tuesday evening the ordinary monthly lecture was 
delivered by the Secretary, A. Aitken, Esq., F.L.S., on 
the uses and application of Bone to the Arts. The 
attendance was numerous, comprising a number of 
ladies and visitors. The bones of fish and insects were 
elaborately considered ; and the solubility of bone by de- 
priving it of its earthy matter, forming one of the most 
interesting facts in animal physiology, was illustrated by 
macerating specimens in muriatic acid, which, extracting 
the earthy portions, left the gelatine in an uncombined 
state. A collection of the warlike instruments of differ, 
ent nations, into the manufacture of which bone largely 
entered, was presented to the Society, and attracted 
much attention. 

ROYAL SOCIETY OF HORTICULTURE AND 
AGRICULTURE. 
The meetings for the season were resumed on Tuesday 
evening, Mr. Glenny, F.H.S., in the chair. Professor 
Johnson described several interesting varieties of cacu 
and euphorbias, which were on the table, and gave a 
lecture on these very remarkable plants which are now so 
much admired as objects of cultivation. 




m 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



METEOBOLOOICAL SOCIETY. 

The ordinary meeting was held on Tuesday evening, 
Dr. M4ntyre, V.P. in the Chair. A communicatioa 
was read from Mr. J. H. Maverley, of the Royal 
Academy of Gosport, on the weather of December last, 
which he describes as alternately wet and fine, with a 
pretty high atmospheric pressure, the mean temperature 
of the month being but little short of the mean tempera- 
ture of December for several years. The thunder storm 
on the 2nd was one of rain, hail, wind, thunder, and 
lightning, and came on suddenly from the south-west, 
at fifteen minutes past 10, p.»f. The hailstones were not 
coated with snow, but were solid pieces of ice, in a great 
variety of forms, from five to seven being joined firmly 
together in solid masses of transparent ice. In twenty 
mmutes no less than three quarters of an inch of rain and 
dissolved ice fell. The meteors seen previously to the 
commencement of the storm, between seven and ten, p.m., 
were ninety-seven,, of which fifty-six were east, and 
forty -one west, of the meridian. Seven of these had long 
sparkling trains, and passed through spaces of 20^ to 30*^. 
The author of this paper conjectures that these meteors 
were generated by means of a gaseous fluid mixing with 
the lower medium of the atmosphere, which he considered 
to be highly electric, as it had rained all day, with a rising 
barometer. The Secretary next read a letter from Mr. 
J. G. Tatem, on the excess of rain at Wendover over that 
wliich falls at High Wycombe, although these places 
are but nine miles apart, and which in 1838 was not less 
tlian 4^ inches. He attributed this to a local cause in 
the deviation of height in the hills that were in proximity, 
and an accompanying register showed that the mean 
temperature of Wendover was 47,35 ; the quantity of rain 
fallen, 29,245 inches ; and the number of days of rain, 
161. 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 

The ordinary Meetings were resumed on Wednesday 
evening, the Rev. Professor Whewell, F.R.S., in the 
Chair. The Members elected were the Rev. S. Wilber- 
force, the Rev. J. Binton, and Dr. Griffiths ; and among 
the presents announced were a series of maps representing 
the coal fields of Wales, from Sir R. J. Murchison, and 
Mr. Darwin's illustrations of the geology of South America. 
Dr. Harland, Professor of Zoology in Pennsylvania, 
whence he has just arrived, addressed the Meeting on 
Fossil Bones of North America, taking a rapid and cur- 
sory review of the various geological discoveries that have 
been made in that country, and illustrating the same by 
an extensive collection of specimens. The roost recent 
and interesting consisted of the teeth and ribs of an ani- 
mal which would appear to have been of gigantic size, 
but respecting which only conjectures could be formed ; 
one of the ribs alone measured from two hundred to three 
hundred feet in length, whilst the jaws and teeth were of 
proportionate dimensions. It was considered by the 
Lecturer to be allied to the manatou, or sea-cow, and 
named by him Basilosauros. Another extraordinary 
specimen was the lower jaw of a species of saurian, about 
ten feet long, which was discovered within the past year 
in Alabama, imbedded in hard blue limestone rock. Mr. 
Owen, of the Royal College of Surgeons, next read a 
paper on the Basilosauros of Dr. Harland, with the view 
to prove, from his recent examination of its remains, that 
it was the link which connected the mammiferous animals 
with the cetacea. 



WORKS IN THE PRESS. 
We understood that, amongst the forthcoming 
new works is a Life of the Duke of Wellington, with 
PortrnitSy Battle Scenes, Sfc. in twelve parts, by W. 
H, Maxwell, Esq., Author of the " Stories of Water- 
loo," and other well-known productions. 



A translation of the ^ Songs of Beranger,'' with the 
French music, and accoropaniments for the piano- 
forte. 

In Parts, a Pictorial, Descriptive, and Historicd 
Work on Greece; by the Rev. Dr. Wordsworth, 
Head Master of Harrow School. 

A Conchological Manual, or Illustrated Diction- 
ary ; by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, Jun. 

The Authors Printing and Publishing Assistant ; 
with explanations of the process of printing, calcula* 
tion of manuscripts, choice of paper, type, bindings 
&c. 

A. History of Dramatic Literature ; by George 
Stephens. 

How do you like our Country ? or, an Autumn k 
America ; by Charles Mathews, Esq. 

Goethe* s Theory of Colours; from the Grermaliy 
by C. L. Eastlake, Esq., K.A. 



TO SUBSCRIBERS & CORRESPONDENTS. 



Correspondents generally are requested to observe^ 
that all favours intended for consideration in the cm* 
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than Tuesday morning. 

« The Suicide System," by « J. H. P. P.," at tb^! 
earliest practicable season. 

BOOKS JUST PUBLISHED. 

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cock's Astronomy, Svo. Ss. bds... Philips' (Rev. Robert) li6l 
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London : Printed by Joseph Masters, 33, Aldersgate Street. 
Published every Saturday for the Proi^ietors, by Slmpkin, 
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seller and Newsvenders. 



J 



THE 



ALDINE MAGAZINE 



or 



^(ojriap^p^ Sftliograpl)^^ Cnttns(m^ antr tl^e 9[rts(. 



Vol. I. No. 8. 



JANUARY 19, 1839. 



Price 3</. 



fbrthe Acconunodatioii of Subscribers in the Country, and Abroad, the Weekly Numbers of The Aldxne Magazine are 
re-issoed in Monthly Parts, and forwarded with the other Magazines.^Orders receiTed by all Booksellers, Newsvenders, &c. 



AGRICULTURE AND STEAM. 

SiNCB the appearance of our brief articles on 
Bailroads and Steam Carriages,* we have re- 
ceived numerous communications on the sub- 
ject, but, with one or two exceptions, on certain 
points, nothing to induce a change in our gene- 
nl opinions. One of our most intelligent 
eonespondents, a man of judgment and ex- 
peiience, who has travelled much, not only by 
coaches but by railways, thus expresses him- 
lelf respecting die latter : — ** Early in the 
histoiy of their practical development 1 confess 
I was enamoured with the rapidity of the travel- 
ling and the consequent facility it gave for 
nutiqg distant places, but latterly, in con- 
9eq[aeQGe I suppose of the novelty having worn 
off, and in connexion with the disagreables 

; peculiar to the mode of transit, I have imbibed 
t distaste for them. In the way of comparison, 

\ it may be mentioned that the diversity of a 
journey by coach — the inhalation of the fresh 

I lir~- the seeing men and maimers — the raking 
ip of old associations — ^the opportunity of con- 
lenation and enlightenment, are all matters 
io^ to be thought of in railway travelling. You 
tre taken into custody,** continues our Cores- 
pondent, " at the station, and so kept until you 
amve at your point of destination ; having seen 
oa the journey the tops of trees and the roofs 
of houses — ^having heard only the rattie of the 
tnin— and having smelt nothing but the ashes 
of the locomotive. The Railway is certainly 
not the medium for pleasure ; but for the man 
of buabess — the merchant— and as tending to 
ciyilize the world, its benefits are incalculable/' 
So far, granted; but it has been already 
ihevn — ^taking the London and Birmingham 
Railway as a point in proof — ^that the aggre- 
gate distance of 100 or 112 miles is not per- 
farmed at a rate of speed averaging more than 
from fifteen to seventeen or eighteen miles an 
hoar Moreover, that a capital of 2000/. sunk 
far two steam carriages, on Sir James Ander- 
son's principle, " will enable sivty passengers 
to be taken on any road in the kingdom, at fifteen 

I * Vide pages 49 and 65. 

! TOL, I, KO. VUI. 



miles an hour ; while it requires two engines 
to convey the same number on the Manchester 
line, at from twenty to twenty-five miles an 
hour, which line of road is said to have cost 
three millions of money in its formation." 
Where, then, so far as speed alone may be 
concerned, is the vast advantage of the rail- 
road train over the steam-carriage ? And, by 
a reference to the Times newspaper of about 
the 2nd or 3rd of the present month, it will be 
seen that the Birmingham nuisance continues to 
exist in aU its plenitude, both as concerns delay 
and the improper treatment of the passengers. 
It is notorious, too, that, throughout the king- 
dom, wherever the mails are conveyed by railway, 
very serious delays and inconveniences have 
been experienced. 

Again, at a general meeting of the proprie- 
tors, directors, &c. of the Great Western Rail- 
way, held since the commencement of the year, 
the profound ignorance of certain influential 
parties, on what may be termed the elementary 
principles of railways, was exhibited in a most 
extraordinary style. " It requires long practi- 
cal experience," as the correspondent from 
whom we have already quoted, observes, " and 
good management, to fully develope new princi- 
ples. In many cases the directors are a set of 
noodles, thrown into their situation by chiMaice 
and influence, without regard to talents or the 
business to be performed." Jobbery more 
scandalous, or ignorance more glaring, than 
the management of some of the railway com- 
panies exhibits, perhaps never existed. How- 
ever, at the Grreat Western Meeting, through 
the presence of Mr. Babbage and a few other 
common sense as well as scientific men, some 
important resolutions were passed ; resolutions 
which, if ffidrly and fully carried into effect, 
cannot fail of proving beneficial to the concern, 
and also to the public. 

It was calculated some six or eight months 
ago, that, in fixed machines only, " the steam 
engine had displaced the employment of 
300,000 horses, which is equivalent to the 
manual force of two millions of labourers. And 
when it is considered that steam engines re- 



tondoii: FtliitodbyJ Maitsm, ss, Aldcngite Street. 



114 



THE ALDINB MAOAZINB. 



quire no relaxation from their labour during 
the twenty«four hours of the day, and that 
horses must rest sixteen hours out of the 
twenty -four, it becomes evident that the steam 
engines aflFord a power equal to 900,000 horses, 
which is equivalent to the muscular force of 
about six millions of men ; an amount far ex- 
ceeding the manual labour of the whole of 
Great Britain!*' This calculation, as it has 
been intimated, applies to fi:ped engines only ; 
how vast must be the addition to be made for 
the locomotive engines on railroads, and the 
accession of steam power on canals* rivers, and 
even the ocean ! 

Certainly we were impressed with the idea 
that, in consequence of the railways having 
driven a large number of coaches off different 
roads, the horses belonging to those coached 
must have been sold at a heavy loss, and dis- 
persed over the kingdom. We considered too 
that» as a natural consequence of this change* 
the breeding of horses in this coontry would* 
in future, be on a much reduced scale. It has 
however "been ascertained* with a tolerable 
degree of accuracy* that since the establishment 
q£ the Liverpool and Manchester Railway* as 
many additional horses are employed in the 
conveyance of passengers and goods from places 
on both sides of the line to the railwayi as were 
before used upon the road from Liverpool to 
Manchester. This being the case, timikf effects 
must have been produced by similar caiisto on 
the Birmingham line. In the metropolis* too* 
such is the new demand for road cattle to con« 
vey passengers to the railroad stations* that 
their value has increased. Look also at tiie in^ 
crease of omnibus, cabriolet, and coach work in 
the streets of London now* compared with whit 
it was only twelve or eighteen mpntha ago« 
Amongst ^e new sources of employment for 
draught cattle, observe particularly the Far^ 
osLs' Dbliysry Compant* one of the most 
important establishments for the advantage of 
the community that has been introduced for 
the last century. Facts* they say* are stubborn 
things. And we learn that the directors of 
that company* which is daily increasing its 
facilities to an astonishing extent, bought fifty 
horses of Chaplin, the great coach proprietor* 
the day before he took 800 off the Binning'* 
ham line between Denbigh Hall and Rugby* 
and paid for them on an average 13/. each. 
Twelve months previously a similar lot of cat* 
tie would not hove produced more than 1 6/. each. 

Thus, without entering into calculations on 
the growth and consumption of grain* we are 
perfectly satisfied that the agricultural interest 
will be amongst the foremost to benefit by the 
ifttrodoction of steam oonveyamoejr whether by 
railways or common roads. 



LETTERS TO MY SON AT ROME. 

LETTER VIlI. 

STATE OF LITERATURE.— Mrs. MACLEAN. 
^AUTHORS, ARTISTS, BOOKS, BOOK- 
SELLERS, &c. 

Aldlne Chambers, Paternoster Row, 
London, Jan. 12, 1839. 
Mt nxAK Soir* 

You ask me the state of literature in 
London. It has just lost one of its brightest 
ornaments^— one oi our dearest favourites — ^by 
the death of L. £. L.* (Letitia Elizabeth hm 
don*) who was recently united to George }Am 
lean* Esq., Governor of Cape Coast Castle* and 
of whose lamented demise you will find a hnd 
aeoount in the Aldine Magiudne, under the h««d 
" N«dmoi«OGT."* You will alto perceive «^loag 



l^»— Jfc>*|U> w> 



* Vide page ^5.>-It was stated by Emily Blitef 
in the cofonei^fl inquest h«ld upon the body of Mift. 
Maclean, that on the morning of that lady's .de$i^ 
(Oct. 15th,) between the hours of eight and niiM^ 
having received a note, addressed to Mrs. Macl«ai^ 
from Mr. Swanzey, she went to her room for the pur*, 
pose of delivering the same to her, and found adto^ 
difficulty in opening the door, in consequence Hf WW. 
Maclean having mllen against it. That dtpoaeirt, 
cm enteHog the »om, discovered Mis. Macltei ly^ 
on the door with an empty bottle it her hmA^ 
(which bottle being produced was labelledj^ '^Acid 
hydrocianicum delatum, ph^m. Lond., 1836 ; m^ 
dium dose five minims,*^ t>eing about one-third the 
stret)gth of that in former use prepared by Scheert 
proof), and quite senseless. [It may not bfe improput i 
to rema/k^ that hydtocianic or prussic aeid^ thouglit 
an invaluable medicifie in mnay eases, is nefv^^ horn 
its deadly power, sold to individuals in a coneSBi- 
trated ^rm, but always greatly diluted. Howev^ 
the strength above described is greater than that oi 
the hydrocianic acid, usually foUnd In chemist^ 
dbops.J Mr. Maclean, the huJband of the deceased^ 
debosted that she was very Subject to spasttS and hys»- 
terieat afifection3,and bad been in the custom of using the 
medicine contained in the stoall bottle produced, as a 
remedy or prevention, which she had told him had been 
prescribed for her by her medical attendant in London 
("Dr. Thomson) ; that on seeing her use it, deponent 
had threatened to throw it away, and had at one time 
told her that he had actually done so, when she ap- 
peared so much alarmed, ana said it was so necessary 
for the preservation of her life, that deponent was 
prevented from afterwards taking it away. Now, it it 
very remarkable that the Dr. Thomson alluded to 
above has published a letter in the newspapers, stating, 
on the part of himself and his druggist, that there was 
no hycirocianic (prUssic) acid in the medicine ehest 
which they had mutually stored for the use of the la- 
mented lady^ and at the same time communicatins 
the subjoined as the contents of the chest furnished 
under his direction to Mrs. Maclean previously to 
har departure for Cape Coast : — " Tinct. of opiunq^ 
li oz. : tinct. Of bcBbtttie^ ti oa« ; ,tiact. of squills. 



rkfi AiibiME MAOAziWK. 



in 



M df new bboks, just published ; fltid &^ si si- 
pilar one appears pertMcallyt it will, conyey to 
yott an idea of the extraordinaiT' extent to whieh 
literary productionB haTe> on a standard library 
leale, attiTed* Ammg l^i^fii you iHll find an-^ 
bounced the 110th volume of Dr. Lafdn^'l 
Cabinet Cyclopedia. However, Were I to at- 
tempt a description, or to furnish you with the 
titles of the thousand and one ephemerals 
IBioiigst thet Brougham cheap literature^ you 
would wish that many ef them were swept mt 
ti Ihe (MileAdar. Still there are vast numbei^ 
rf QseM cheap publications brought forward, 
M taken in, with the newspapers, at all the 
coffee shop^ in which the middle fuid even the 
iiwer elasses of the people sip their " mooba*' 
aad their " bdhea," and read at an feeonomioal 
tite, hist^M of w^tiilg thdi^ tiitie and moiiey 
li public houses. This is etidentiy d gredt 
Improvement in society. It is, however, deeply 
jb be regretted that many of these cheap publi- 
MioBs 'ikiulg^ in seuriility , in the most iaf^ous 
attacks on personal chafaeter, and in the grositf- 
Mt abuse of tjbe freedom of the press ; to say 
lirtMag tt present of tie " slang' ^tjrle" Which 
l&ey ^dpt, and which can tend only to Vitiate 
ft^ inotals and ta^te, instead bf improving the 
iiqds c(f tftie people. £veji som^ of ottr monthly 
jptiriodields are f^ from pifei^enting that purity 
df manner ati^ of ttiatter' that might be desired. 
Ai( iti works of attii^tical illustrations, they 
Anmd from the Idti^st eniliieiK^e doWu to the 
fiioftd caricature ' of the ever-humorous, laugh- 
1^, itnd pleasant George Cnilkshank.* tie 
feready excels Mi^ late father, Whd etched 
^Wobdwtttd*s tltcentric BiBcursibiis'* iot me 
ferty-Ave years ago — (how time rolls on !) 
Ifeit to Cmlkshank, but wholly of t dllterent 
■ifrder, come the political sketchers, and a host 

gcotoici rivals in the '* Heads of the People, 
ckens's « Pickwick^* *' Nicholas iTicklehy^ 
•nd " Oliver Twist,** (the illustrations of the 
last of these by friend George), and the illus- 
Mions of the puns of that pun-ish gentietnan, 
Tliomas Hood. Still we have not depicted such 
ftings as the abandoned Rake's and ltarloi*s 

H Ok. ; aceti. cantbaiidis, ^ oz. ; tinct. 6f jalstp, 
4 02.; spir. ammoniae arom., 4 oz. ; tinct. of mur. of 
iroD, 4 oz. ; bicarbonate of potassae, 4 oz. ; sulphate 
df Quinine, f oz: ; calomel, 1 oz. ; tart, emetic, 1 oz. ; 
tiahr in drawers ; rhnbarb, 2 oz. — A. P. tnoMsoN." 
— Aie we quite sur^ thai all the facts of this lament>- 
ible case are befote the public ? We have oar 
dottlrts. Wheooe, when, of whom, and by whom, 
ind for what alledged purpose, wa$ the phial of 
prossic acid obtained I 

* Itobert, the nephew of George Cruikshank, is 
I ODteet unassuming young man, and a promising 

mt He flhEjquently tisits at C . He, with 

^ ri«M» and Mr <jtf Itfy giaiid<*da««lrt««l9 spent «lie 
<lay of the 27th of December with us. 



» 



» 



Pt^6tfHS8tfi^ih€ abofiiinabte stagtis Of cMdtjr, 
dissipation, &nd dtunkeimess, Which existed not 
Only lii Hd|fafth's Akf, but eteu witUn my re- 
collectioil, Hianks foi* much iniprovement lil 
i^oci^ty froifi the abolition of boting, eockfight- 
ing, prizefighting, lotterieis, &c. ; and " slang," 
We hope and trust, will soon follow in theif 
wake, llie thanks of th& public are also emi- 
nentiy due to Sir Robert Peel*s police, the tmi- 
versa! adoption of gas lights, and a better or- 
ganized state of society thim existed even 
twenty years ago.* 

Witii tegard td literatttre. We have wrlt6f6 
ttom a peUny a line upwards, as we have penny 
gazettes, penny satinsts^ penny libraries, and 
twopenny octavos, quartos, folios, and broadf" 
sheets without end. We have also editors of 
th6 legitimatti daily and Weekly newspaper 
fhmi twihity down to two guineas peif week ; 
and for the first tdte Inonthly and quarterly re- 
views, magazines, &c., considerably more tluu^ 
the latter sum has been paid for a single sheet 
of sixteen pages. According to the popularity 
or success of the Worki§, many of them product 
rieh harvests both to editors and proprietors. 

I recollect the Monthly Review (to whick 
you know I am so partial) for upwards of fifty- 
three years ; and in its most pdln^y days of sue- 
cess, amidst a general combination of talent, I 
believe that only four guineas per sheet Were 
given fcir the reviews in that highly-dii^tin- 
guished work. So much for times past and 
present. A more liberal feeling now exiats 

* It Was ii^ell said diat all things are gr^at or little 
by comparison < Sorbiere, in his *^ Journey to London 
in 1698,^' says—" The streets are lighted all the win^ 
iet ; but there is an impertinent usage of the people 
9X London not to light 'em when the moon thmee. 
They ridiculously defend themselves by saying tb^ 
can see hy moonshine, and have no more ledsoh to 
hold a candle to the moon than to the sun." — Hu!p- 
TON, the historian of Birmingham, in his " Journof 
to London,** in the year 1785, thus speaks of the illu- 
mination of the metropolis : — *< The lamps are Well 
disposed. Not a comer of this prodigious city is uil- 
lighted. iTiey have everywhere a surprising efiect ; 
and in the straighter streets, particularly at the west 
end of the town, and where those streets cross each 
other at right angles, the sight is most beautiful. But 
this innumerable multitude of lamps affords olily a 
small quantity of light, compared to the shops. By 
these the whole city enjoys a nocturnal illumination ; 
the prospects are preserved, and mischief prevenlted. 
I have counted twenty-two candles in one little shop. 
— By the vast profusion of oil, wax, and tallow, the 
stranger will naturally suppose they cost nothing, or 
that money flows in with the same ease as the tide, 
and that a fortune is burnt up every night." — ^Th^ 
who, like the "Old Booieselleb, happen to re- 
member the appearance of London at night in t785, 
can, in contrasting it with that of tS39| describe it 
only as " darkness visible.** 



1 



M9 



THE ALDINE MAGAZINE. 



between authors and booksellers. The distresl^tion of his poems, though offered for i^ very smaU 
of authors is now comparatiTely rare ; they are 



more provident and prudent, and possess bet- 
ter feeling and better taste than formerly. It 
is the same with artists, and even with men in 
trade. Some instances have occurred in which 
liuthors have been sadly distressed and disap- 
pointed ere their abilities and talents were duly 
appreciated^ in other countries as well as in 
J^ngland. 

" The Folyeucie of Comeille, which is now ac- 
counted to be his roasteipiece, when he read it to the 
literary assembly held at the Hotel de Rambouillet, 
was not approved. Voiture came the next day, and 
in gentle terms acquainted him with the unfavourable 
opinion of the critics. Such ill judges were then the 
inost fashionable wits of France. Comeille sufiered 
all the horrors of poverty. He used to say, his poetry 
went away with his teeth. Some will think tliat they 
ought to disappear at the same time, as one would 
not give employment to the other. 

** Samuel Boyse, author of the Deity, a poem, was 
a fag author, and at one time employed by Mr. Ogle 
to translate some of Chaucer's Tala into modem 
'English, which he did, with great spirit, at the rate of 
threepence per line for his trouble. Poor Boyse wore 
a blanket, because he was destitute of breeches ; and 
was, at last, found famished to death, with a pen in 
his hand. 

" Savage was in continual distress, independent of 
an unnatural mother's persecution . He sold his beau- 
tiful poein of the Wanderer for £10. 

" Falconer's deaf and dumb sister, notwithstand- 
ing the success of his poem of the Shipwreck, was for 
some time the tenant of an hospital. 

" Poor Chatterton, one of the greatest geniuses of 
any age, and who is styled — 

^ The sleepless boy, that perish'd in bis pride,' 

destroyed himself through want, (though insanity 
would be the better term, since it was in the family,) 
still left wherewithal, by the aid of friends, to pre- 
serve his sister from want and proverty in her latter 
years.* 

" Christopher Smart, the translator of Horace, and 
no mean poet, died in the rules of the King's Bench. 
Poor Smart, when at Pembroke College, wore a path 
upon one of the paved walks. 

" Joseph Warton informs us, that when Gray pub- 
lished his exquisite Ode on Eton College, his first 
publication, little notice was taken of it. 

" Tannahill, in whose hands the lyre of Scotland 
retained its native, artless, sweet, and touching: notes ; 
and whose songs are distinguished by elevation and 
tenderness of sentiment, richness of rural imagery, and 
simplicity of diction, put a period to his existence — 
principally, because Mr. Archibald Constable, book- 
seller, Edinburgh, unfortunately declining the publi- 



* In the London Monthly Miscellany for January, 
1839, we observe two original letters from Chatterton 
to the younger Dodsley, one of them an engraved^c- 
simile, with some very curious particulars. Respect- 
ing what are termed Rowley's Poems, our decided 
opinion is that they were not written by Chatterton. 
Such too, if we forget not, is Southey's opinion. 



sum. 

*' To those unacquainted with literary history, these 
statements may seem wonderful, that any difficulties 
should have been experioiced in the first attempt to 
publish many works which now adorn the republic pf 
letters ; yet another instance must be recorded in thai 
exquisite poem, the Pleasures of Hope of Thomas 
Campbell, and nothing can be better authenticated 
than the fact of its having been offered, in vain, to 
every respectable bookseller both in Glasgow and 
Edinburgn. Not one of them could be prevailed 
upon to risk even paper and printing tipon the chance 
ot its success ; and at last it was with considerable 
reluctance that Messrs. Mundell and Son, printers to 
the university of Glasgow, undertook its publication, 
with the very liberal conditio!^, that the author should 
be allowed fifty copies at the trade price, and in tbs 
event of its reaching a second edition, a further gn^ 
tuity of £10. It was published in 1799. 

** In the above slight enumeration of the obstjades 
which the fine compositions of genius, and the elabo- 
rate labours of eruaition, are doomed to encounter in 
the road to fame, we may raise our regret ; but how 
often are we astonished to find that works of another, 
and often of an inferior description, aie rewarded ia 
the most princely manner." 

Now with regard to the two last-named m* 
dividuals, Tannahill and Campbell, I can readily 
account for the want of their success from the 
nature and situation of the persons (Constable 
and the Mundells) to whom their productions 
were offered. Archibald Constable was not at 
that period sufficiently established or expe- 
rienced as a first-rate bookseller ; and, as poetry 
is not always the most marketable commodity, 
he probably did not think of consulting a literary 
friend on the occasion. I recollect Archy call* 
ing on me in the year 1794 with the first book 
he offered to the trade. It was a reprint of 
Bishop BBVBaiDGB's Private Thoughts an Re-' 
ligion. It certainly was a good book, but it 
was printed on a whited brown, or a sort of ten 
paper ; but Archy said it " was a pretty enough 
little bookee /" So much for Archy and poor 
Tannahill ! 

With respect to Campbell and Messrs. Mun- 
dell and Sons : the latter were in goieral very 
heavily engaged as printers to the university <rf 
Glasgow, as well as upon public documents, 
Greek Lexicons, &c. ; and although they printed 
Dr. Anderson's (their uncle) edition of the 
Poets, in fourteen volumes, royal octavo, in the 
year 1792,yet they had little spare time to glanee 
at, or inclination to speculate in, modem poetry. 
They printed editions of Rolling Plutarch, end 
Locke On the Human Understanding, which 
they understood the value of much better. I 
was appointed their agent to these works in 
1795. The elder of the firm of the Mundells 
retired from the busine^. Alexander visited 
Ix>ndon, became a student in the Temple* and 



.THE ALDIN3B MAOAZINE. 



ll» 



UBS sobsequendy appointed to a big^ sitaation 
eomiected "with parluunentary papers* and after 
iqpwards of forty years' residence in London, lie 
icoently died at bis dwelling in Great George 
Street, Westminster. His brother, James 
Mondell, died upwards of thirty years ago. 
Th» Mundells were maternal uncles to John 
Comiiang, Esq., (formerly a bookseller in Hol- 
bom,) now a banker in Naples, your brother's 
godfather, and to whom I gave you a letter. 

With respect to Mr. Campbell's disappoint- 
ment in the first instance, his merit soon de- 
vdoped itself, and he shone conspicuously 
ttnongst the first poets of his day. He even- 
toally benefited much from it. His Gertrude of 
Wfominff, and other literary productions and 
editorial labours, have produced very handsome 
emoluments ; besides which, Government very 
liberty and wisely voted him a pension for his 
wmt and abilities. 

So much lor some of the poets of the past 
and present day. I will now present you with 
some further annals of books and of booksellers ; 
lei^xcting the latter I shall, as I originally pre- 
mbed, occasionally deviate fix)m chronological 
Older, and take the range of the Row, as I find 
tiie objects and personages so closely connected 
sod interwoven with each other* I shall, how- 
c^, diverge to the north, east, west, and 
Bpotb, without, I trust, omitting any material 
object. 

Yours, my dear Son, 
Ever affectionately. 

An Old Booksbixes, 



.r THE ALDINE TRIUMVIRATE.* 

W« proceed with the promised conclusion of 
^inperley's abstract of that portion of Gres- 
bill's Earfy Parisian, Gteek Press which re- 
^•tes to the progress of Gh-eek typography in 
Italy. 

"Ifi the year 1488, which was signalized by the 
noble inaprt?ssion of the works of Homer last men- 
lioned, we find that the Grttmmatica Gneca of Las- 
catis, together with the luterprexatio Latina of John 
^ monk of Placentia, issued from the press of 
Leonard us de Basilea, at Vicenza, in 4to. The 
optraiions of the Greek press, howevei*, continued as 
yet very slow : and it v/as not till after a further 
**terva! of about five years, thnt another Greek im- 
pression appeared. In 1493, a splendid addition was 
*»cie to the typographic glory ot Mikm by a magni- 
ficent impression of Itipcmtes Grace. The editor of 
•um fiiie book, which is said to exhibit a remarkably 
|Hire and ^orrect text, was Demetrius Chafcondyles ; 
tbe printers, lieni icus de Germanus and Sebastianus 
w rontremulo . Before the conclusion of the fifteenth 
*witiry the same city also distinguished itself by the 
**' ' " ■' I ■ i« ■ ■ III I p» I I J 111 ■ I .. 

. • Vide pages 2, 52, and 100. 



earliest edition of Suidas: ^aeUe. Lexicon^ Gracei 
MedioUmi, per Joan. Bissobttn et Benedictum Mirn^ ' 
gittm, 1499 : to which is prefixed an amusing Greek 
dialogue between a bookseller and a student, fronp the 
pen of Stephanus Niger, a native of Cremona and 
disciple of D^netrius Chalcondyles. 

" In 1496, Florence produced the celebrated Edifid 
primarut of the works of ' Lucian, Luciani Opera, 
Grace ; of which the printer's name is not specified. 

'* To Joannes Lascaris the verfication and intro- 
duction into use of Greek Capitals are attributed : 
and it appears from these specimens, he thought it 
expedient that the whole text of each Greek poet, the 
pars libri nobiliorj as Maltaire expresses it, should be 
printed lUteris majusculis, and the scholia or notes 
only in the smaller character. The fihe capitals of 
Lascaris were, as we know, admitted into use by sub- 
sequent printers only so ^r as to distinguish proper' 
names, and the commencement of poetical lines or 
verses; and in some early editions of the Greek' 
scholiasts upon Homer and Sophocles, to distinguish 
the whole words or passages of the poet commented 
on fi^m those of the annotator. 

" This preface is addressed by Lascaris to Petru^ 
Medices. It abounds with honourable testimonies to 
the family of the Medici ; which, he says, has of all 
others shown the most conspicuous zeal in collecting 
the various monuments of antiquity ; and the justest 
discernment of their value. lie records the special 
munificence of Lorenzo de Medici, by means of which 
two hundred manuscripts, ducenta antiquonun vol' 
uminoy had lately been brought to Florence from 
Greece and the neighbouring countries : and he 
alludes to a magnificent ' Bibliotheca,' or edifice, 
which Piero was then construetingas a depository foi^ 
those and similar literary treasures : to the latter he 
expresses his own personal obligations, and the hopes 
which all the learned reposed in him as the hereditary 
patron of letters. The pillage of Florence, however, 
by Charles VIII. of France, the ruin of the fortunes 
of the house of Medici, the banishment of Piero and 
his speedy death, most of which events either antici- 
pated or soon followed the publication of this impres- 
sion of the Anthologia Graca, not only rendered 
nugatory the preceding expectations, but probably 
occasioned the otherwise unaccountable suppression 
of this interesting preface itself; which is actually 
found in very few of the copies at present known to 
be extant. Mattaire, in his Annales, tom. i., p. 270, 
seqq. has given a fac-simile of it. 

" Chevillier observes, on the authority of Aldus . 
himself, in his preface to the edition of Stephantts de 
Uj'bibttSf Gr., fol. 1502, that he first engaged in 
Greek impressions when war broke out in Italy; 
meaning in 1494, in which year Charles VIII. of 
France passed the Alps^ in order to the conquest of 
Naples. Chevillier considered his impression of the 
works of Aristotle, the first volume of which appeared 
in November 1495, as the earliest fruit of his press. 
But M. Renouard, in his catalogue of the Aldine 
impressions, first mentioning Constantini Lascaris 
ErotematUj s.'^ys it is the earliest work printed by 
Aldus with a date, and probably the first which he 
gave to the public. But some, he adds, consider his 
Musaus in 4to., without date, as the earliest impres- 
sion : the reasons for which may be seen in his work. 
' ^ The most extensive and voluminous efforts of the 
early Greek press are doubtless to be found amongst 



«t» 



T«B AIiDINI If A QA XING. 



^mm 



|be Aldipe odttions. Such are tlie Ariifoikf GnMk, 
&lio» 149firl400, aod the (ra^^ which issued ham 
the same estahlishment after the decease of Aldus 
JilanutiuS) Tis. anno 1625, in five vols, folio, and a 
small character. Andreas Cratander of Basil had 
the courage and patience to reprint the work in the 
like number of volumes. The Commentaty of Eusta- 
thius on Homer, in 4 vols. Greek, folio, printed at 
Home by Aotonius Bladus, 1542-1550, was an im- 
mense undertaking. It was, however, after a con- 
siderable interval, exceeded by the 6ne edition of the 
Works of St. Chiysostom, executed in England, where 
Greek typography had before been comparatively 
little practised. I speak of the well-known magnifi- 
cent impression, intitled, 5. J. Chfyfostomi Opera, 
Grsce, 8 vols, foliq, printed in Eton college, by John 
Norton, 1613, under the direction and at the charge 
pf Sir Henry Saville. These volumes, (says Chevil- 
]ier,) ' sont aun tres-beau caract^re. C'est un chef 
d'oeuvre d'Imprimerie Grecque,' This impression 
acquired for John Norton the same title or distinction 
in England, which the celebrated Robert Stephens 
had attained under Francis I. of *in Gnecis, &c., 
Regius lypographus.' " 

III the course of another seotion or two, we 
Ikope to close our sketch of the history of The 
Aldine Triumvirate, 



MEN, WOMEN, AND EVENTS OF 
THE WEEK BEFORE US, 



Copernieus.*— Watt, the Inventor of the Steam £n- 
gine.-^ongreve the Dramatist and Congreve the 
Bocketist. — Surrey and the Fair Geraldine.^- 
American Independence. — Edward II. — Cardinal 
fiembo the Poet, Garrick the Actor, and Howard 
the Philanthropist. — Scaliger the Linguist — Louis 
XVI. and Louis Philippe, — Loid Bacon. — Gas- 
sendi the Philosopher. — Lord Byron. — The Proud 
Duke of Somerset. — ^The Earl of Shaftesbury. — 
William Pitt, and the late Duke of Kent. — Caslon 
the Letter Founder. — Beaumarchais, the Author of 
<* The Marriage of Figaro," &e. — The Conversion 
of St. Paul. — Prognostications of the Weather, not 
Murphy's. — Gencnral Doumouriez. — Robert Bums. 

This (January the 19th) is the bbthday of Ni- 
cholas Copernicus, the great mathematician and 
astronomer, of whom we reqently made inci* 
dental mention. He was bom at Thorn, in 
Prussia, in 1473, and died in 1543. In his 
Latin treatise '' On the Revolutions of the Ce- 
lestial Orbs/' Copernicus represented the sun 
as occupying a centre round which the earth 
and the other planets revolve. In his prefatory 
address to the Pope, he says : — *' If there be 
any who, though ignorant of mathematics, shall 
presume to judge concerning them, and dare to 
condemn this treatise because they fancy it is 
inconsistent with some passages of Scripture, 
the sense of wluch they have usually perverted, 
I regard them &at» but despise tbeir rash oen- 



The 19t)^ of Jmnoavy ia tibe amurcnafy if 
the birth of another extraordiaary man-^aais 
Watt, the first great fabricator of .the steam en* 
ghie, to which we are indebted fbr nearly all ths 
great mechanical improvements of the age* 
Watt was bgm at Greenock* in Bcothmd, hi 
1736. Unlike most of the origiBatois of great 
inventions and discoveries, Watt realised a 
handsome fortune \ and, after passing some yean 
of peace and retirement, he died in 1810. 

William Congreve the dramatist, whose death 
eeouredon the 10th of January, 110 years ago» 
at the age of 50, was descended from the an* 
dent family of the Oongreves, of Congreve m 
Staffordshire. There is more of wit and smart* 
ness in one of Congreve's comedies — alhat 
they are most reprehensibiy licentious — ^thanin 
all the dramatic effusions of the last half-eentuiy 
put together. The late ^ William Congreve, 
Bart., the inventor of t^e rocket eystem, whs 
died in 1802, is understood to have been of the 
same family. 

Henry Howard, the elegaiit and aooomplishsd 
Barl of Surrey, one i^ t&e numerous victims of 
that ferocious tyrant, Henry VIII., lost kit 
head upon the Uook 903 years ago this dsyi 
Superadded to every quality dl the perfect gta- 
tleman, the Earl of Surrey was blessed vith 
the finest poetic talent of the age. He opxi* 
tered on 1^ shield the reiyal anns of Edvaid 
the Confessor, to which he had an hersiitiiy 
right, and it has been alleged that he aspired 
to the hand (rf the Princess Mary. From various 
ooinffldences. Lord Orford proves the fair Ge- 
raldine, the fame of whose beauty was exalted 
by the pen and by the lance of the £ail of 
Surrey, to have been Elizabeth, the second 
daughter erf Gerald Fita^ger^ld Earl of KfldsWi 
by Mafga^t, daught^, of Thomas Ore^ 
Marquis of Dorset; and to have been tte 
third wife of Edward Clinton, Earl of J^^* 
coin. One of the sweetest episodes in ^11 Sir 
Walter Scott's writings, is that of Surrey and 
the Fair Geraldine. 

To-morrow, the 20th of Januioy* is the an- 
niversary of the Declaration of Ammcan lade-, 
pence. That event oecured in 17BS, t6 jem 
ago. 

The same day is the anniversary of the depo- 
sition of that weak and ^vourite-ridden sove- 
reign, Edward IL, in 1327, 

Cardinal Bembo. a noble Venetian poet, and 
secretary to Pope Leo X, died on the 20th of 
January, 1547, at the age of 77 ; Garrick, the 
actor, died on the same day of the month, in 
1770, exactly sixty years ago, at the age of 63| 
and John Howard, named "the phiknthropist,'' 
died ia 1700, at the age of 64« Mrs* Oar* 
ricki who, with one cr two of ker dittght** 



THE AliDIITB MAQAZflfi. 



IW 



iMf«riudclt «a engtgcratnt at Govcnt GbfdeH 
Tbeiitre, is, webelieTe, the widow of a nephew 
of David Gfarrick, 

Joseph Justus Scaliger (son of th&t celebrated 
wbdari Julius CaBsar Scaliger) died on the 21 st 
of January, 1609, at the age of 69. He is said 
to kave been master of timteen languages. 

The 2 1st is the anniTersary of the murder ol 
Loms XVI., six-and-forty years ago. Respect- 
ing this unfortunate monarch, there are docu- 
ments in esdstence, which, when permitted to 
•ee the light, will astonish the vrasli, and make 
Louis Philippe tremble on his throne. 

That master-spirit in literature and acisnce, 
(Francis, Lord Bacon, styled, by Pope, 

^'The wisestf g»eate8t, meanest of mapkind/' 

became a denizen of earth on the 32nd of Jaui 
Qtty, ld61, 278 years ago. Considering the 
peaetrating genius of Jiord Bacon, and the great 
discoveries he made, it seems astonishing that 
he should have been unacquainted with geo- 
nietiy. Wonderful, too, it is, that an excess 
of generosity and of benevolence could have 
Mmsted in so glorious a mind as Bacon's, in 
oombination with the meanest avarice. It has 
been said, that although he descended to the 
aMrotance of bribes, his decrees were just. 
M Bacon died m 1626, aged 65. 

Peter Graasendi, a French mathematician, 
described by Gibbon as the most philosophic 
amongst the learned, and the most learned 
aSBongst the philosophic of his age. Was bom 
01 the 22nd pf January, 1692. Qaseendi^ 
wIk) oombatad the met<q[>by8iffp of DesQartes» 
died in 1666. 

Bjwa, the greatest poet of the age next to 
Ooltridge, wcHild be atdj fifty«one, w^e h^ 
a&K, on the 22nd of January. He h^s \)em 
dead nearly fifteen years I A brief, but bright 
•ad cQmet*like career ! 

Edward Seymour^ '* the proud Duke of So- 
■enet/' Lord Protector of Uie Kingdom, Wd 
High Treasurer, and Earl Marshal, in the reign 
of Edward VI., was beheaded on the 22nd of 
^aanary, 1652. Fioud though he was* he de- 
nies honourable menticxi. He defeated the 
Soots at the memorable battle of Musselburgh, 
ii September, 1540, with the loss of 14/)0Q 
Ben. He rq>ealed the sanguinary laws of 
Henry VIIL, and by gentle and prudent me- 
thods promoted the great work of the B^form- 
1^ ; and such was hb love of equity, that he 
*6cfeed a court of requests in his own house to 
baar and redress the grievances of the poor. 
His attachment to the reformed religion, and 
hia oanad gieatoeaa, drew upon him the res^t* 
iMBft of ihB fiustioua nobility, at the head of 



miral, and John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, 
afterwards Duke of Northumberland. He caused 
Hxe formisr to be beheaded, and was soon after- 
wariis brouglit t9 the block himself by the in- 
trigues pf ^e latter. A scarce pamphlet, re- 
lating to the Duke of Somerset's expecUticNa 
into Scotland, is known to have fetched the 
high pnce of four guineas, though the whole of 
it is printed in HoUinshed. 

Jleepecting the principles and character of 
Anthony Ashley Cooper, first Earl of Shaftes- 
bury, a nobleman who greatly exerted himself 
to promote the restoration of that worthless 
and profligate monarch, Charles U., the tes- 
timony of historians is of the most conflicting 
nature, tiet us allow him the advantage of the 
most favourable* His friend Locke says " that 
the good of his poimtry was what he steered 
his councils and actions by through the whole 
course of his life.*' We could not wish for a 
prouder epitaph. Lord Shaftesbury died on 
the 22ud of January, 1683, aged sixty- two. 

The anniversary of the death of a greater 
man than the Earl of Shaftesbury occurs on the 
23d; cm which day, in 1806, the illustrious 
William Pitt died at the early age of 47. His 
Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, fether of 
her present Majesty Queen Victoria, died on 
the same day of the month, fourteen years 
afterwards. 

On the 23d of January, 1802, at the age of 
74, died WilHam Caalon, a letter founder, who 
effected great improvements in the form and 
quality of our printing tjrpes. 

Frederick the Great, of Prussia, of whom 
history and memoirs may be said to record aU, 
and more than all, that is necessary to be 
known, was bom on the 24th of January, 1712, 
127 years ago. He died in 1786. 

Peter ^Vglistin Caron de Beaumarchais, a 
writer of extraordinary note in the French 
dramatic world, had his birth on the same day 
as Frederick the Great (and was quite as great 
a man in his way) in 1772. It is sufficient to 
mention, that he was the author of the operas 
of " The Barber of Seville," " The Marriage of 
Figaro," &c. 

The 25th of January is commemorated as 
the anniversary of the Conversion of St. Paul. 
According to the ancient calendar of the church 
of Rome, on this day prognostications of the 
months were accustomed to be drawn for the 
whole year ; and formerly, the notion was en- 
tertained, that — 

<< If St. PauKs day be lair and clear, 
It doth betide a happy year ; 
If blustering winds do blow alofl, 
• Then wars will trouble our realm full oft. 
And if it chance to snow or raio^ 
Then will be dear all torts of grain.'' 



190 



THE ALD^INB M'ADAZ£KX> 



•^^^""■wau 



Mtf M . — ^t^or the origin of these fancies, con- 
sult the weather-wise Master Murphy. 

Dumouriez, one of the generals of the French 
Tevolution, was bom on the 25th of January, 
exactly a century ago ; and Robert Bums, the 
Scottish poet, was bom on the same day of the 
month, 80 years ago. Dumouriez has been 
dead 1 6 years ; Bums, 43 . The best life of Bums 
that has yet appeared is Allan Cunningham* s, 
published a few years since, with a very full 
and compact edition of his works. 



BOOK OF THE WEEK. 



PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY .• 

When we took up Dr. Roget's volumes, 
the title of which will be found below, we were 
perfectly aware that we were not about to en- 
ter upon the perusal of an absolutely new or 
original work; but, as we had always heard 
Dr. Roget spoken of as one of the most formi- 
dable opponents of phrenology, on every point 
from which that scienqe was deemed assailable, 
we were anxious for &a opportunity of judging 
whether any really new ideas haid been started 
— any new light thrown upon the subject. Can- 
didly we confess, that it was with reference to 
Ifcrenology aloi^ that we felt a desire to ex- 
'^mine the work. Dr. Roget's views of physi- 
ology in general fttand, we believe, in deservedly 
high estimation : his writings have the great 
merit of being remarkably clear in their details 
— distinct and forcible in their illustrations. 
A^Dr. Roget considers phrenology as, " strictly 
splcnng, a branch of physiology ;" and there- 
fore Jie recommends that, although his treatise 

^ on pnrenology precedes that upon physiology 
in the alphabetical progress of the Encyclopaedia 
Britannica, and has in consequence been al- 

•^« lowed to precede it in the present publication, 
the order should be inverted in perusal. With 
the propriety of this recommendation we per- 
fectly agree ; though, for our own parts, we 
are rather disposed to regard phrenolojy, not- 
withstanding its apparent emanation from and 
intimate connection with physiology, as a dis- 
tinct science. 

In his preface. Dr. Roget remarks — 

" In revising the article Cranioscopy, which had 
been published in the Supplement to the last edition 
of the Encyclopaedia, and which the Editor purposed 
introducing in the present edition under the title of 
Phrenology, makirig such additions to it as I might 

* Treatises on Physiology and Phrenology : from 
the seventh edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. 
By P. M. Roget« M.D., Secretary to the Royal So 
ciety^ Professor of Physiology in the Royal Institu- 
tion of Great Britain, &c. Bdiobargh. Black. 



thibk Were re^iifsiCB, I have avuled nyself <tf Am 
permissioA to reply to some of the criticisms «biak 
nad been made upon it by Mr. G. Combe and & 
A. Combe : it was, accordingly, thought desirable to 
reprint the former essay, with no other alterattCDs 
than a few verbal corrections, and the introductioD of 
a few sentences descriptive of some modifk^tioosaiid 
additions to the system of Gall uid Spurzheim coi* 
tained in Mr. Combe'i System of Phrenology, k 
the remarks which I have subjoined to that essay, the 
reader will perceive that I have refrained from enter- 
ing into the discussion of the numerous objectioM 
that might be ur^^ed a^inst the metaphysical part of 
the modem system of Phrenology, having neither ths 
leisure nor the inclination to engage in contmverset 
of this nature/' 

From various circumstances, phrenology, as 
a science, has, even from the days of Gfdl and 
Spurzheim, been exceedingly unfortunate. It 
has been often said — *' Protect me against my 
friends, and I will protect myself against zny 
enemies." In no case could this expresnos 
apply more happily or tnore forcibly than to 
that of phrenology. It is not by the oppositioa 
of able, learned, and scientific men, hke Or. 
Roget, th^t phrenology has been retarded in its 
career, but by the wretched smatterers, who* 
from the depth of ^heir ignorance and copeeiti' 
have presumed to scribble, and lecture, and ex- 
emplify, in private as well as '"an public, upon 
every unfortimate skull that might chancs tP 
fall under their senseless manipulation. That 
by such presumptuous daring, as — ^*' 

'' Fools rush in where angels fearno tread," 

they should draw- down upon themselves miU 
versal ridicule and contempt was nothing; but 
that science itself should suffer from its meek 
supporters was.j|auch. It would be • an easy 
task to name the parties referred to— or, wit]i 
the prophet of old, to exclaim to each, " Them 
art the man !" but it is not to us that they $h«n 
be is^debted for an extension of their petty no- 
toriety. Just in the same manner is the sys- 
tem' of Homoeopathy suffering at the present 
moment ; not from the assaults of regular allo- 
pathic practitioners, for thet» for reasons fpdl 
knoton to themselves, are mute upon thb sui- 
JBCT ; but from the pretended support, for* 
sooth ! of ignorant pretenders, who are as help- 
lessly innocent of all knowledge of the tru 
principles of homoBopathy as they are of the ait 
of setting the Thames on fire ! 

Dr. Roget commences his treatise with a ptf^ 
fectly fair definition of phrenology, as ** a tem 
which has been recenUy apphed to denote a 
new doctrine of piental philosophy, founded on 
a presumed knowledge of the functions of difier^ 
ent portions of the brain, obtained by comparing 
their relative forms and xnagmtudes in diffeie^ 
individttal8» with the propensitiea. and, itttelfaft' 



TKB AI^BINE MAGAZINE; 



121 



tiu^ powers. whidi these mdividuals are found 
rapectively to possess." We have been long 
canymced that phrenology is the only science 
\j which the differences which exist in men — 
in their natures, characters, dispositions, pro- 
pHi8ities-*c$ui ever be accounted for : and 
phrenology does account for those differences 
periectly. The science, as is sufficiently evi- 
dent from Dr. Roget himself, is by no means of 
fewi/ origin. 

" For a loDg period it was held, tliat the cerebram 
ms the organ of perception, and the cerebellum the 
(^n of memory. The cavities which are met with 
ID the interior of Uie brain have often been considered 
as tlie scene of the intellectual operations. N eroesius, 
tte fitst bishop of Emesa, unaer the reign of Theo- 
(fesios, taught that the sensations had their seat in the 
anterior ventricles, memory in the middle, and under- 
sksding in the posterior ventricles. Albertus Mag- 
Qiii^ in the thirteenth century, went so far as actually 
ta delineate upon a head the supposed seat of the 
(fifjetent &culties of the mind, lie placed common 
sense in the forehead, or in the first ventricle of the 
biaiD, cogitation and judgment in the second, memory 
and moving power in the third. Peter de Montag- 
Mna, in 1491, published the figure of a head, on 
vUch were indicated the seat of the sensus com- 
■mil, the ctllula imaginativay cellula €Bstimaliva teu 
co^Utttivaf cellula memorativay and cellula rathtialis, 
Lndovico Dolci, Servito, and a great number of other 
^'ters, have hazarded similar hypotheses as to the 
Ideality of the different faculties. Both Ilaller and 
ViB Swieten fancied that the internal senses occupy 
diftrent places in the brain ; but they considered its 
whole organization as too complicated, too intricate, 
and too difficult, to allow of any hope that the seat of 
Bwnsory, of judgment, or of imagination, could ever 
W detected/' 

It is upon the science of phrenology that 
GoJrge Combe's immortal work, " The Con- 
H&iUion of Man " is based; a work which we 
Ibttlessly assert, notwithstanding the fierce and 
i&furiated assault which we once witnessed 
upon it from the lips of a clergyman, at a public 
meeting — ^from the lips of one who, evidently 
t&d confessedly, had neyeu read it — to be 
one of the most important and invaluable books, 
u conducive to the improvement and happiness 
of the human race, that ever emanated from the 
ttind and pen of man; 

Here is one of 'the grand principles of the 
l^nologists, as described by Dr. Roget : — 

** It is laid down both by Gall and Spurzheim as 
the foundation of their doctrines, that the nature of 
nan, like that of all other created beings, is determi- 
Bate, and that tlie faculties with which he is endowed 
Ue innate ; that is, that they are implanted in him 
^Us first formation, and are nut the result merely of 
ft* external circumstances in which he may afterwards 
^pen to be placed, nor of die wants and necessities 
tontiich these circumstances may have given rise. 
Tbejr tram "ns that this opinion is by no means at 



variance with that of Locke, who argues only against 
the innateness of ideas, and not of the faculties or 
capacities of receiving ideas. Education, doubtless, 
has a powerful influence in modifying and giving 
certain directions to these faculties ; but the faculties 
themselves, that is, the capacities of feeling, of intel- 
lect, and of action, mtjuit have already pre-existed 
before they could be called into play, and thus pro- 
duce the various phenomena which diversify the scene 
of human life." 

After this, let us listen for a moment 
to the contemptible nonsense — the deplorable 
twaddle — of the fanciful philosophists, nick* 
named metaphysicians, of tlie past age : — 

'^ Helvetius and other bold metaphysicians have 
maintained the paradox, that all men are born origi- 
nally the same, and are moulded into what they after- 
wards become solely by the force of external circum- 
stances. Genius, according to this doctrine, is a 
mere creature of the fency, and originally belongs no 
more to one man than to anotlier. Train all men 
alike, and their powers, their attainments, and their 
actions, will all be similar. Accident, more than 
design or premeditation, has fixed the destinies of 
great men, as well as disposed of those who are 
unknown to fame. ' Demosthenes,' say these philo- 
sophers, ^became eloquent, because he heard an 
omtion of Callistratus, whose eloquence made so deep 
an impression on his mind, tliat he aspired only to., 
acquire this talent. Vaucanson excelled in mathe- 
matics, because, being obliged, when a child, to stay 
alone in the waiting room of his mother's confessor, 
he found there a clock, examined its wheels, and 
endeavoured, with the help of a bad knife, to make a 
similar machine of wood. He succeeded ; and one 
step leading on to another, he arrived at the con-* 
stiuctlon of his wonderful automatons. Milton would 
not have composed his Paradise Lost, had he not 
been deprived of his place of secretary to Cromwell. 
Shakspeare composed his tragedies because he was 
an actor, and he became an actor because he was 
forced to leave his native place on account of some ■ 
juvenile errors. Corneille fell in love, made verses 
for the object of his passion, and thence became a 
great poet. An apple fell from a tree at the feet of 
Newton, while he was in a contemplative mood : this 
event, so trivial in itself, led him to the theory of 
gravitation.* Reflections of a similar kind are often 
met with in the writings of poets and moralists. 
Those contained in Gray*s Elegy must be familiar to 
all our readers. Dr. Johnson considered talents or 
genius as a thing that, when once existing, might be 
directed any way. Newton, he thought, might have 
become a Shakspeare, for, said he, a man who can 
run fifty miles to the south, can ran fifty miles to the 
north." 

Now, were they only wortt powder and 
shot, five sentences would sufi^ce to lay these 
drivellers upon their backs for ever. 

Dr. Roget is a determined opponent of phre- 
nology ; but, abating a slight and only occa- 
sionally shewn disposition to sneer, he is a fiair 
and honourable one'. As such, and as our 
present limits wiU not permit us to moot the 



Itt 



TRB ALBIWK MAOAZfin!. 



point with him, we allow him the advantage of 
the last word ; — 

'* There is this very remarkable peculiarity in the 
pursuit of phrenology, Utat the student is perplexed, 
not with the difficulties, but with the facilities itafibrds 
for explaining every phenomenon. The pliability of 
its doctrines is exemplified, not merely in the analysis 
of motives, but likewise in the influence which we are 
allowed to ascribe to the habitual exercise, or educa- 
tion of the faculties. The observed magnitudes of 
the respective organs indicate, not the acquired, but 
the natural powers, sentiments, and propensities. 
Now, the character of the individual is the jomt result 
of the force of natural endowments, and of the amount 
of moral and intellectual cultivation whidi has been 
bestowed upon them. But can we ever know enough 
of the minute histoiy of the progress of the mind of 
any individtitl to enable us to form a correct estimate 
of the relative power of these two elements, which 
have, in the formation of each respective faculty, 
combined their operations? If it be true that an 
oigan may be the seat of a faculty varying in its 
activity according to the occasions which call it forth, 
by what physical criterion can we distinguish the 
active fifom the dormant conditions of that organ ? 
Unless we can draw, with precision, these distinctions, 
it is evident that the ground of all cranioscopical 
observation is cut from under us. 

" It may be indeed alleged, that at all periods of 
lifo, and even after the bones of the skull are con- 
solidated, the organs increase or diminish in size ac- 
eording to the exercise or disuse of the faculty associ- 
ated with it, whether such change may have been 
brought about by voluntary training, or by the disci- 
pline of circumstances ; and certainly, ir such were 
the fact, our experience would repose on a much 
surer basis, than if the form of the organs merely re- 
tained tlie stamp originally impressed upon them by 
nature. Bui the hypothesis that the cerebral organs 
acquire additional size by the exercise of their powers 
was positively rejected as untenable by Dr. Spurz- 
beim, as we have heard him publicly declare ; and it 
is, we believe, repudiated by the generality of phreno- 
logists. 

** We do not think it difficult to account for the 
progress which phrenology has made amongst the 
very numerous class of persons who find in it a 
source of agreeable occupation, giving exercise to their 
ingenuity in discovering striking coincidences, and 
gratifying their self-complacency by inspiring them 
with the fancy that they are penetrating far into the 
mystic regions of psychology. For the last twenty 
or thirty years, various popular writers, and lecturers 
without number, have been displaying their powers of 
elocution, exercising their skill in the critical exami- 
nation of deve!opements, and expounding the doc- 
trines of the new philosophy to wondering and 
admiring audiences. With all these advantages and 
appliances to boot, the wonder seems to be, not that 

Enreuology has met with the success of which so much 
oast is made, but that it has not speedily gained 
the universal assent; for bad it been a rear science, 
like that of Chemistry and other branches of Natural 
Philosophy, founded on uniform and unquestionable 
evidence, it could not have failed, by this time, of 
being geoerally reo^nised as true. 

*' Vvnen we consider that the present age is not one 
111 which there is atiy lack of efedulityi of in which a 



doctrine is likriy to ba' repudiated on the sooie of 
novelty or its ettravagaiiqe, we cannot but iaifle 
the complaints of persecution uttered by the votane|| 
of the system of Dr. Gall, and at the attempts thej 
make to set up a parallel between its receptios 
this country, in these times, and that which, two ci 
turies ago, attended the speculations of Galileo, and 
subjected him to the tyrannous oognisance of the la- 
quifition; or to establish ui analogy between the 
dogmas of phrenology and the discoveries of th^ 
culation of^ the blood, and of the analysis of Uf 
which have immortalized the names of Harvey andd 
Newton." 

THE GRAVE OF L. E. L. 

Bp the Anihor 0/ «« Tke Siege 0/ ZamgoMa^ "CHUeHt 
PUgrimtte,** ** Ii9He9t Poeme,'* 4te* 

A foreign home for tubb, thou rarely gifted*-* 
For thee^ whose spirit midst the festive throng 
Revelled in wit, and gushed forth free in gUuiness.— • 
A foreign home for thee, on arid sands, 
Where the hot raging sun with level ray 
Withers the germ qf all tbings-^and the soul, 
The human soul — with its wide vrorld of wealth, 
Looks from the fleshly prison-house, in vain, 
For the twin thought that is a solemn pledge 
Of a new life in Heaven. 

A foreign grave for thee, whose loving heart 
Dwelt in the greenness of its father-landy 
Where violets and every hallowed flower 
That thou hast sung of should surround thy tomb, 
And shed their dews ! — ^Thou early dead — 
Daughter of light and music — whose sweet lay 
Yet lingers on our fond and sorrowing ear — 
Thy mother earth — ^thy own dear mother earth 
Calls for thy relics ! English hearts, that boasted 
Of thy harp's dulcet breathings — English hearts, 
That Watched with honest pride thy bright careerj \ 
From the first dawn of its resplendent day 
Unto its full meridian, — long to kneel 
And weep upon thy grave 1 Thou aightingale I - 
Though toy jast plaintive note was breathed aHiri . 
Thy dust at least must rest within the land 
Where glowed thy goodness, ^d where lives thy soDf. 

L.S.S 

SCRAPIANA. 



Apparent rari tiantes in gurgite vasto. 

-r— . Viao. 

Zbohgkal Wttitker Gl&ss. 
At Sehwartsengen, in tlte post house, tsvo (rogs, of the 
species rana arborea, are kept in a glass jar, aheal 
eighteen inches in height, and six inches in diameter, 
with the depth of three or four inches at the bottom, 
and a small ladder reaching to the lop of the jar. On 
the approach of dry weather the frogs mount the lad- 
der, and when wet weather is expected they descend 
into the water. These animals are of a bright green, 
and in their wild state, climb the trees in search of 
insects, and make a peculiar singing noise before raia. 
In the jar they get no other food than now and tbea 
a fly, one of which, would serve a frog for nearly a 
week, though it will eat from six to twelve in a day, if 
it can get them. In catching the flies, put alive intp 
the jars, the frogs display much adroitness* Ann* Af 
8^!aM» ttObiertfiUiani* 



'7H1 .AliOINS M A0A:SIVE. 



Its 



^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^S^K 



^A^^uimm rflriik OwrMey iii tht Ye^ 18G0. 

%Ai76] JlIIItlS|XF£NGEHA;.FPSNirT. 3}6. 

Corn Eu us M'CARTar. 
Portbis and Forty one of the like suiq I will give 
I Gainea Bank Note, Dated Castle Island March 
ir, 1797. Com. McCarthy, 

Curious Ht^ndbill of a Wrenck F^rfumer, 

hi Sieur Papillote, from Paris^ makes to know to 
Im Nobel Gentrys of Londres, that lie construct 
INry esp^ce of Coffes for tbe Head, bos for the 
b<lies and Gentlemen.-— Also Tuffs Tops, Tails, 
liBB CuRLES for h\\ graceful on the Neck, and all 
tke that finish the head. He make Rouoe for the 
Chbei, and Roses for die Lip, allso superflous 
Mill to take off. 

Also chez lui, all sort of necessary for the ladies to 
iiH8,in the shortest notice; wis Baths of the Hot 
Water, and Cold Water. He administer Butr to the 
Ladies and Greases to the Gentleman, at the best mar- 
ket. Enfin, for ever desirous to be patroti for the Ladies 
ke devotes himself to them, as follow: — ^Smell of all 
•Mt— Water of Thousand fleur-rTabac of Ditto— 
Poadreofthe same — Milk of Rose — Huile Antioue 
Gomes to Friz— ditto of Tails — ditto for braid the 
Hair^— Water of Cossack — Huile k la Blucher — 
foease of the Bear — Bloom of Sicily — Razor Strop 
if Packwood-^Lip Save — Flesh Brush — and Pomade 
iivine fhr the Qualitie — Together with Essence of all 
tort for tfie Tbilette and all kind of Adornment too 
ffuntnuice mensioa. He cannot shut this p^pf 
wisoot make thousand compliances fbr the kind 
peblicy aad his general Friends patronage. 

Old Flays, 

Aboat fifty years ago, 

Mr. Nicol, for the King (Geo. 3) and Duke of 
Baxbm^he, gave 35/. 14«. for the first fblio edition 
tf Shakespeare, and 4/. for the second. 

Mr. Malone 7/. 5«. for a Romeo and Juliet. 
PriotedforT. Creed, 1599. 

Ml. Kemble, 17/. 6s. 6(/. for Hamlet, Printed 
by J.R., for N. L., 1604. This is half a guinea 
wm tban Mr. Malone gave for the famous Dido, 
k Dr. Wright's sale. 

The bidders for Hamlet were 
The King Duke of Grafton 

Mr. Kemble Mr. Stevens. 

It was put in at a guinea. Mr. Kemble said " Ten 
fttineas; I never oSer any thing less for a thing than 
it is worth/' Hamlet did Mr. Kemble honour in 
w«7 sense. 

n.B. Mr. Garrick made many efforts to get this 
pbqrfttr his oollection, now in the British Museum. 

Punning at Oxford. 

Dr. Barton, Warden of Merton College, was the 
j oMit? of his time. The Vice Blaster of Trinity of 
I (^bridge, the celebrated Dr. Meredith, did not ex- 
j oed bim in that singular humour in which some 
j Mn indulge, who retire from the world. 

Of both. Punning was the characteristic, and many 
«f Ae Puns that were let off by each, are remembered 
w ^ great guns of the university. Of those belong- 
"^ to Dr< Barton, I believe the following are little 
kwmi. 

Ai iMim ft ttia Of MUMtkftbH initoMity people 



told him every tbtpg that happened. A Gentleman 
coming one day into his room, told him that Dr. 
Vowel was dead ! «« What !»' said he, ** Vowel dead ? 
thank God, it is neither tr nor i.** 

As his manners were of the roughest cast, he now 
and then disobliged a fiither who took away his son 
from him. An opponent who did not like him, ob- 
served he had lost a Pupil, " No matter,** replied he, 
** I have another pupil in my eye.*' 

As he was one day walking with a brother Ftllow, 
a man came dashing up at a f\]ll gallop and nearly 
rode over them, ^' Now, that fellow ia a Gre^ianJ' 
said old Barton, '^ A Grecian, how so ?** replied the 
other, " Why," answered the punster, *< He-jioo-ai^ 
us." 

Dr. EvELEiGH, who, with his family, wfis some 
years ago at Weymouth, gave occasion to old Lbs, 
the last punster of the old school, and the master of 
Baliol College, Oxford, for more dian half a century, 
to make his dying pun J 

Dr. £. IM reooyered from aome coosumf^fe disor- 
ders by the use of egg diet, and had soon after married. 
Weatfter€iH, the master of the Uniyersity College, wetit 
tfi Dr. Lee, then sick in bed, resolved to discharge a 
pun, which he had made. ** Well, Sir," said he, " Dr. 
£^» has been ^'d on to matrimoi^." ** Has he V* said 
j^££-^<f Why thea I hope the yoke will ait eady/' 

In 4 few hours afWr pr. Lee died; the yoke did sit 
easy on Dr. ^nkigfh ^ ^^ bad a most amiable wifie, 
whose manners combined with bis own worth and 
learning to make the College happy oyer whidi he 
presided. 



■**■ 



NOTICE OF NEW BOOKS, &q, 

Hittorieai Sketch of tke Rite^ FtvgnsSy ^md Decline 
of the Refotmation in Poland, and of the Injtuenoe 
iohich the Scriptural Doctrines have exercised on 
that Country in Literary, Moral, end Political 
Respects. By Count Valerian Kraslnski, 8yo. 
Vol. I. Murray. 

If proof were wanting of the fierce, intolerant, and 
uncompromising spirit of the Roman Catholic re- 
ligion — of its unappeasable enmity to all that is 
dear and sacred to man, under the denomination of 
civil and religious liberty-^it might be found in the 
pages of this ably-written, and in all respects, emi- 
nently important volume. Look at the diflbrent 
nations of Europe at the present moment, and see 
whether the most ignorant, and the most enslaved, are 
not those which are the most exclusively under the 
sway of the Romish priesthood. In Spain and in 
Portugal, for instance, would the people be the 
wretched grovelling tools of fkction and despotism 
that they are, but fbr the domination of the priest- 
hood — of a crafty, wily priesthood, the mass of 
which is just sufficiently elevated in education and 
intellect above the common herd, to perceive that 
upon maintaining the most blind and besotted igno- 
rance amongst the population, its own very existence 
depends. To come nearer home — to our own doors 
as it were — look at Ireland. What is it that prevents 
Ireland from becoming a civilized, peaceful, happy, 
and prosperous country — a country that, in oe- 
coming grea:t and gloriou$ itself, might add to 
the g^tnesii iind glory of Btitain--*bttt tho do< 



124 



TRS ALUINS MA'dAemX 



mination of an essentiaUy ignorant and ferocious 
Popish priesthood ? Were it not for that domination, 
organized conspiracies, assassination and murder, 
iwould no longer be the order of the day in the sister 
island ; and, instead of remaining an incessant drain 
— an absorbing incumbrance — a malevolently des- 
tructive dead xveight upon the parent state, Ireland 
might be rendered one of the brightest jewels of the 
English crown. 

Poland, however, is our immediate object. Here 
is the commencement of Count Krasinski's preface : — 

•* The rapid progress and equally speedy decline of 
the Reformation in Poland presents to the Protestant 
reader a melancholy, but at the same time an instruc- 
tive picture. The Protestant cause attained in that 
country in the course of half a century such a degree 
of strength, that its final triumph over Romanism 
seemed to be quite certain. Yet, notwithstanding 
this advantageous position, it was overthrown and 
nearly destroyed in the course of another half century. 
This extraordinary reaction was not effected by the 
strong hand of a legally constituted authority, as was 
the case in Italy, Spain, and some other countries ; 
but by a bigotted and unprincipled faction, acting not 
with the assistance, but in opposition to the laws of 
the country. Such an event is perhaps unparalleled 
in the annals of the religious world, and is the more 
remarkable, as the free institutions of Poland, which 
bad greatly facilitated the progress of the Reform- 
ation, were afterwards rendered subservient to the per- 
secution of its disciples. The Jesuits, who defended 
in that countiy the interests of Rome, being unable to 
combat their antagonists with fire and sword, adopted 
other measures, which inflicted on Poland more severe 
calamities than those which might have been pro- 
duced by bloody conflicts between religious panics. 
As the laws of the country did not allow any inhabit- 
ant of Poland to be persecuted on account of his re- 
ligious opinions, they left no means untried in order 
to evade tliosc salutary laws ; and the odious maxim 
that no faith should be kept with heretics {h^ereticis 
nan est tervanda fidett) was constantly advocated by 
them, as well as by other champions of Romanism in 
our country. But the most invariable and lamejitably 
successful line of policy pursued by the Jesuits in 
Poland, was to agitate the lower classes, by means of 
the confessional aud the pulpit, and to insure, by 
their intrigues with the higher ranks of society, an 
impunity to the excess^fc which an infuriated mob 
committed at their instigation against the anti-Roman- 
ists. Thus, many Protestants churches and schools 
were destroyed by riots excited by the Jesuits, and 
directed by the pupils of their colleges ; whilst the 
proceedings instituted by the legal authorities, in 
order to punish those excesses, vJft^ rendered nu- 
gatory by the influence of their order, whose mem- 
bers publicly eulogized those acts of violence com- 
mitted in an open breach of the laws of the country.'' 
The long reign of the feeble-minded Sigismund III. 
was especially favoumble to the promotion of their 
schemes; they gained during that reign a paramount 
influence over the affairs of Poland, and finally pro- 
duced the most fatal effects ; — 

" Such were the rebellion of the numerous parties 
which followed the Eastern church, internal feuds, 
foreign invasion, and the loss of many important pro- 
vinces. Yet these calamities, great as they were, 
may be considered as less disastrous than the moral 



effects produced by the withering sway whiok 
the disciples of Loyola exercised for more thao. 
century over the national mind. They clearly 
that the surest means of extirpating scriptural 
trines was to fetter the national intellect, by meass.] 
a preposterous system of education ; and they 
quently introduced such a system into the puU 
schools of Poland, which were for along time almc 
exclusively conducted by them. This measure 
duced its natural consequences : science and liteiaC 
were almost annihilated; and Poland, which 
made rapid strides in every kind of improvetnc 
during tne sixteenth century, instead of advancii 
retrogadcd with equal rapidity. It was a^sud 
price that Romanism was saved in Poland, and 
country in the world affords, perhaps, a more suikil 
illustration of the blessings wnich a political coi 
nity derives from the introduction of a scriptural] 
ligion, and of the calamities which are entailed 
nation by its extinction ; because the above-io< 
tioned country rose in its welfare and glory with 
progress of the Reformation, and declined in the sa( 
ratio as the scriptural doctrines gave way to 
Roman Catholic reaction. The effects which 
produced in Poland by the abolition of the Jesi 
are a corroborating evidence of what we have 
vanced ; because as soon as tliat incubus which ^ 
lysed the energies of the nation was removed'(Q 
great must be those energies, if they could not 
crushed by such a long oppressioo,) aiKl a 
system of education introduced into tltat country,! 
national intellect advanced so rapidly, that dura 
period of about twenty years subsequent to the i 
iition of the Jesuits, the Polish literature prodttc 
in spite of the most unfavourable political cii 
stances, more valuable works than it did durint 
whole century when public education was ent 
conducted by them.*' 

Notwithstanding all the calamities of Poland, 
and present, our author cherishes a lively bop^* 
the future :t — 

" We do not, however,. (he observes,) entertain i 
doubt that, should once the political excited 
which now universally prevails in Poland be set! 
rest, by the attainment of the great object whic_ 
creates that excitement, the national mind will tiuS| 
with the same fervour as it did during the sixteeD|% 
century towards religion, and accomplish the gr«a)| 
work of the Reformation, which was prevented attha(] 
time by a concurrence of unfortunate circumstances^j 
As Ciiristians and Poles, we humbly pray to God, 
and hope from his mercy for the religious and politi- 
cal emancipation of our country ; and as Providence 
creates nothing in vain, we firmly believe that it has 
not implanted in tlie hearts of the Polish nation that 
strong feeling to which we Have alluded, and which 
has caused so much suffering to that nation, without 
an adequate purpose. We therefore hope and (rust 
that the Almighty, after having prepared oar nation 
by the sevei*e trials to which, in his inscrutable wajrif 
he has submitted us, will finally relieve it from its 
unfortunate condition, and give to it the grace of be- 
coming in his hands a useful instrument for pro- 
moting the knowledge of the word of God, which ii 
the only true foundation of the present and futuM 
happiness of mankind; particularly amongst ^ 
numerous populations of the Slavonian race,amon^ 
whom that knowledge had already been strongly ma- 




TBB A«.BIlf». M:A<!IAZI11B. 



199 



I, e*en bdore the Reformation of the sixteenth 

r " 

r • 

;0f the intense Titality of the lefonnation in Poland 
period, and of its vast spread and power, the 
ing passage, with the note appended, affords a 
striking illustration : — 

tese doctrines were professed by the most emi- 
nobles of the land ; they were discussed by fre- 
It and numerous synods ; and the churches 

they woe preached, the schools where they 
it, as well as the presses devoted to their propa- 
I, flourished o?er all Poland in great numbers ;* 

their disciples were able to muster in battle 
forces sufficient to keep in check those of the 

lists. It is therefore erident, that a party which 

80 powerfully represented could not but exercise 

lequate influence on the affitirs of the country ; 

tiie contrary opinion about its importance may be 

ly ascribed to the circumstance, that when the 

lestant cause began to decline, the Roman ista 

" '' sought to destroy all records which had any 

to the doctrines of the Reformation. The 

jlits invariably exacted from the families which 

^relapsed in Romanism the surrender of all books 

[ docnraents connected in any way with their 

persuasion, and which they always committed 

flames* They even purchased at a high price 
|i!ar documents wherever they oould get them, in 

to devote tliem equally to destruction/' 

present volume of Count Krasinski*s work 

the eventful history down to-, the death of 

tond Augustus, ''whose leaning towards the 

of the reformation was evident, and whose 

)ly death seems to have chieSy prevented their 

triumph" in Poland. The succeeding volume 

MGond and last) the daily appearance of which 

be expected, is to << be devoted to the melan- 

ly description of the decline of the reformation in 

1, unaer the Romanist re-action, and of the 

ible consequences whidi it produced '' in the 

itry/' 

Within our very narrow limits, any attempt to 
"rse this production would be altogether futile, 
the extracts which we have given from the writer's 
iy its general aim and tendency must be suf- 
itly apparent. All that we can further do is, to 
imend it cordially to the perusal of every Pro- 
reader. Count Krasinski*s apology for pre- 
ig to attempt to write in English was wholly 
jsary : he writes better than one-half of our 
scribes. 



tk Cathedral Bell, A tragedy, in Five Acts, By 
J Jacob Jones, Barrister at Law ; Author of "The 

• Stepmother;" " Longinus, or theFall of Palmyra,; 
Htnd ^ Spartacus, or the Roman Gladiator ;*' Tra- 
I«>die5in Five Acts. *' The Anglo-Polish Harp :*' 

• and other works, 8vo. Miller. 

Mr. Jones complains of illtreatment from the ma- 
^ifBs, and from some of the critics. We can tell him, 

* The celebrated Jesuit Skaiga, who lived at the end 
*f the lixteenth, and th6 beginning of the seventeenth 
yfciriei, complains that more than two thousand 
**naiii8t churches were converted into Protestant 



for his comfort, that it is no disgrace to have a play 
rejected by a manager. Shakespear himself, had he 
lived in our day, would have had his plays rejected — 
ay, by the dozen. But they would have been good 
plays, for all that. 

*- The Cathedral Bell*' has some very good stuff in 
it. If not in all points, a "legitimate" drama, it 
mi. lit with very little trouble, be rendered an excel- 
leu: acting drama. There is, perhaps, too much 
SCO ding in it; too much of the ^^Ercles vein**; the 
diction wants polish, for the closet ; but the fiatble is 
good, some of the " situations," are very good, and 
the stage effect is frequently of an imposing character. 

We transcribe part of a scene from the 6rst Act: 
premising only that the plot is laid in the city and 
environs of Saragossa, during the wars between the 
Spaniards and the Moors, and that in a sortie, Claudio 
the son of Sebastian, the governor of the fortress, has 
fallen into the hands of Francesco,arenegade,comman« 
der of the Moorish forces- The scene is Francesco's 
tent ; Francesco is surrounded by Moorish chiefe and 
attendants; Claudio has been brought in in chains. 

Fran. Wehave your secret, boaster! tho* your sire» 
Deems me so blind to take us unawares. 
He looks for succours ! 

Clav. Soldiers such as he. 

So wary, so experienc'd, so profound, 
Trust not in may-be-succours, but rely 
On their own sole resources ; so doth he. 

Fran. Doth he speak truth, or hath the devil's dam 
Given him the suck that rear'd the king of lies 'i[a$ide^ 

[Fran.pdnders. 

2d Chief. You are expert, young Christian ! to 
evade, 
And give your betters trouble, while you can ! 

Clau. Grant you my captors, not my betters, 
Moor ! 

2d Chief. Mark you, my coxcomb ! know'st its 
use? [touching his dagger, 

Glau. I know 

What sort of men are they who need its use — 
Barbarians, hirelings, such as thou and thine ! 

Fr AN . Choose now, or life or d eath , for all you love! 
Peruse this proud array,— not one is here 
But, at my nod, would tap your life's last drop, 
And throw your bones a picking to my dogs! — 
You have a father, deadly in our eye, 
A mother, youth, both idolized by you, 
Both idolizing; both proscribed by tts : — 
And here are men your sister soon must soothe, 
Right sturdy rogues to clip her virgin waist ! — 
With you it lies to save them, and, with you 
To seal their fate, if t please you, and your own — 
Pledge us your Christian oath, your Soldier's name, 
Leave us your word of honour as a hostage 
You will induce them to surrender, then 
We loose your chains, and trust you. Sir, at large. 

Clau. Dost trace submission graven on my brow, 
And selfish fear that plots a parent's fall, 
Thou dar'st, all base and reckless as thou art, 
Attempt the son, ignoble man of blood ! 
With such a bribe, his honoured father's shame ? 

Fran« Be then, his murdVer. 

Clau. Behismurd'rer! tf By \ hoith contempt. 
If I should do thy bidding and prevail, 
Then should I be his murd'rer past reprieve. 
Killing his good name thro* the times to come ! 




THI A2>1IIII» liA«Ai3IKE. 



-"^-*- 



Fean. Chiefs ! do ye bear 1 (furiousfy) A Mars f 

3d. cHi£F. How say*st — a corpge? 

[to Fran. 

CuLt, Strike, recreant I strike, 'tis ihou that art 
afraid. 

fitAir. You two gofotth our heralds; Valliant 
swain t 
Truly your parent's eyes l^ill wink for joy 
Reading the book of these unrugged brows I 
' Clau. Jibe on ! you waste Jrciut wit — 

Chiefs. A Mars? 

CtAtT. A Man t 

tnk^. A Mftts of toeh ? go, get jre t6 their haunt, 
Yoil dm of thieves 

Clav. a hive of honest men, 

NeigfabourM, worse fortune ! by a den of thievw. 

pRii^. Yon nest of ripers ! 

Clao. Vipers, Moor ! in this, 

If food were icatce, to life long monthi on air. 

FsA«< Deril I Now, mark me* [io Chifft 

''If, by set of sun, 
To-morrow eve, yt open not your gatel'^— 
Deliver, Sirs ! expressly, what we bid, 
Rdiindly addfess*d to those it tndst coiiccSms,' 
" To-morrow ete, in tortbt^ past belief, 
Your son shall die — his blood be on your heads I 

[ Two Chiefi rkake their obeiiance and depaf't 



Th& Bubbles of Canada. By the Author of ''Hie 
Clockroaker.'' 8vo. Bentley. 1839. 

This volume may, or may not, be by the Author of 
^'The Clockmaker.'' Assuredly we should never have 
suspected the aflirmative,had it not stared us in the face 
in the title page ; for there is just about as much resem«> 
blance between ''The Clockmaker'* and ""the Bubbles 
of Canada*' as there is between " a horse chesnut and a 
ehesnut horse.'' However, vnth much sh rewdness, free- 
dom, and spirit-^and, what is of still more importance, 
with much clear and sound information — the social 
and political state of the Canadas, from the period of 
their first conquest by Britain to the present time, is 
here portrayed with more graphic precision and effect 
than in any other publication we have seen on tb^ 
subject. The main point of the writer's creed ap^ 
pears to be, that the commotions of the Canadian 
colonics are all traceable to the excessive jealousy 
which has always been entertained by the French set- 
tlers towards tnos€ ^om England, and to the unwise 
concessions which, from time to time, have been made 
by the British government to the French population ; 
such, for instance, as allowing them to continue their 
language as the language of the courts of law — suffer- 
ing them to retain many of their old laws, especially 
those relative to the inheritance of proper^ — and, in 
&ct, giving them innumerable advantages over theEng- 
lish portion of the inhabitants. In support of this 
opinion, the evidence of the Duke de B.ochefoucault 
and the Professor Silliman is cited. The crude na- 
tions of Lord Brougham, Lord Durham, and others, 
are treated by the author of this caustic production 
with just about as much deference as they have generally 
appeared to deserve. 

Bearing in mind, that the book entitled ''The Bub- 
bles of Canada" purports to have been written in Lon^- 
don, and by a £^itish colonist, the subioined passage 
will si^ce to convey to the reader an idea of the au* 
thorns opinions and manners : — 



''As a colonist, at once a native and a resident o^ 
distant part of the empire, I am not only unconoeiiM 
#ith, but perfectly inaependent of, either of thfe *" 
pHrtie^ df this cbuntfy, of Tories, 6t Whigs, or 1 
cals ; nor do t consider this as a subject at all itiVt 
ing the principles for which they Severally cofli 
Tb« ()uestion is wholly between the p^ple df 
country and the colonists, and must be oonsidered 
sacb ; and SO far from my Lord Durhatn*s ass^t 
being true^ that there hai been miagovemment, 
am prepared io shew^ that «trery administrayoo 
this country, without exception, fh)m the conqiiest 
Citnada to the present time, whether Tory or W' 
or mlled, or by whatever naiije they may be di 
natedf have been actuated but by one filing, afi 
nettdesifv to duhivtte a gilod understanding 
their new fubj^ots of French extraetiob, and one 
dplei a princi])le of coneession. Canada has' 
more privileges and indulgencies granted to it 
atly other of otir American colonies : unpopiilar 
cers ha¥e beeti rtooved ; ebnoxioul governors 1 
been recalled} cdnstHutional points abandoMd^ 
themi all reasonable dhangea maa« (or, as they in 
empress it, grievaiioet redressed)} and ^eintsM 
oomaiertse and of persons of British origin post] 
tb suit their eonvenience, or accommodate their ] 
dices; in shorty every thing has been dode^jyad 
thing o«todeded to conciliate them, that itig«(it 
could devise or Unbounded libetality gfam, antf - 
S9cxi&ce has been considered too great to pun 
their affections, short of yielding up the colony tQ 
entire control ; and for all this forbearance and 
rality they have been met with ingratitude^ a^i 
and rebeluon." 



Blair*M Moiheri Cattchkm* J^mbn a^ CU 

Bv many of bvtt readers^ (he^e CateehtaiDS are 
known ;l^ ail they dught to be known. There ale A 
of th^m } and of ^ fii<st it mtef be a sufficieat 
its merit to state, that the eightieth edition is 
us. The Rev. David Blair, to whom we are iade| 
fbr these really useful little bdok^^ i^hieh treat 
surprising number of subjects necessart luid propi^]| 
be known at an early age, is the au»K>r of 
other Works for the insftrac^n and geftt^Tal ia{«olil| 
ment of youth. 




i; 



tfiE THEATRES. CONCERTS, &«J 



1 



At Drury Lane, on Tnesday evening, a new hmi 
was produced, entitled Now or Never, froin the pen 
of Mr. George Dance, the plot turning upon the 
elopement of a ward from her guardito, and a 
daughter from her &ther^ with their respective loTen. 
The main joke consists in the hatred of the two old 
men for each others and the readitiess of either to 
enter into the plot, which is to deceive and impose on 
the other. Some ridiculous situations thus arisa 
jMr. Compton, Mr. Hughes, Mr. Balls, Mr. Brind4 
Miss Fitzwalter, and Miss Poole, sustained the ynlh 
cipal characters. The pieoe was well received* Thi 
pantoniine has been curtailed, and with the intror 
auction of the lions and the dancing on the 4|jbk 
rope, ^ases o^" pleasant^. 

On Tuesday, her Majesty paid the manager of d^ 
Haymarket Theatre the compliment of selecting oil 



TUB ALO 



MACAZINl. 



Mr 



M^ 



lefit night as the occasion of a Royal visit. The 
Ibnfiances (tcrminatiTig the season) were The Irish 
fJHtfsador, 0*Flttnnigan and the Fairies, and Tom 
fs Secret, and they went Off with much spirit 
Ut. Her Majesty arrived at the theatre about 
it o'clock, and the audience soon became aware 
ier presence. Just, however, at the termination of 
^lannigan and the Faries, as they seemed inclined 
Imanifest their loyally, Mr. Webster presented himself 
deliver the following farewell address, throughout 
whole of which he was greatly applauded : — 
''Ladies tmd OentletneD — I hai^ again to oS^r 
aiy gratefttl aeknowledgemeiits fbr a most profr* 
IS settOfi, and that too despite of the unpre- 
ited attractions of the larger legitimates. This 
has now been open 243 successive nights, and 
ft me, Ittdies and gendetnen, it is with do small 
Of pride I find that the taste of the public for 
traoedy^ coinedy, and fiirce, unaided by Krand 
ic mcts, has enabled the little theatre in the 
lailcet to saccessfally hold the even tenour of its 
ttiscalhed^ though 'v^ith a veritable Te$itpeit on 
side, and real roaring lions on the other ;~^4Uid it 
Itdl prtigress with increasing prosperity, if the 
permitted it; and, had I not reason to be 
tatisfied as it is, it might be deemed somewhat 
to be obliged to close the doors in the midst of 
most festive season of the year, and when all the 
look forward to a certainty of profit. If the 
juay be taken as a presage of the future, you will, 
^pe, belieye that, during 3ie recess, neither money 
means shall he wanting in endeavouring, botn 
le and behind the curtain, to inerit a conlinuahce 
your distinguished &vour, and, 1 think, I may 
itareto promise, that all the available talent of 
t-rate excellence, either as regards authors or actors, 
U pMsented to you in the course of the ensuing 
Again, l&dies and gentlemen, sincerely 
^ you fof your patrdtiage, I most respectfully, 
ftaiM of iSbe cotupxtif and myself, bid ym 
tl." 

the doee of this addreM there ^ere loud dulls 
'thi Qaeen, Ivhen b^ Majesty made her appear- 
tnd twice curtseyed to the audience, amid 
acclamations. At the conclusion of Strauss's 
lommaee k la l^ine de la Grande firetagne ** too, 
l^fcich ends with " God save the Qtleen," all the 
jlitaserose, and stood during its performance. Her 
Mijnty remained till the termination of the enter- 
WDents, and then took her departure from the 
fBrate entrance in Suffolk Street, where a consider- 
t1)le crowd had assembled, who greeted her with loud 



LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC 
SOCIETIES. 



ROTAL SOCIBTY. 
On the evening of the 11th., the first meeting since the 
kew was held, Mr, Lubbock, treasurer, in the chair. 
«. Prodsham, chronometer maker, and Mr. Hilton. 
jMim on anatomy at Guy's Hospital, were elected 
■ftows; and Colonel ConoUy and Colonel Reid, Go- 
'^Mf of Burmudas, were proposed for election. A 
pw was read* through Dr. Boget, the aecretary on the 
jjof hmnaQ mortality, deduced from the tables of tie 
JjlWite Assurance Company. The results allowed 
mtwheiMA the Northamptqh tables gkve the Average 



of hntnaa )\h before 20. existing between 80 and 90 tft 
1.20th, those of Mr. Davis gave 1-1 1th, and of thss 
society as 1-I3th. 

■OTAI. ASTBOVOMICSAL SOCIBTT. 

The ordinary meeting was held on the evening of the 
11th., F. Bailey, Esq.. F.R S., President, in the chair.^ A 
letter was read from Professor Bessels, of Berlin, contain- 
ing some corrections in reference to his observations on 
the Parallax of the fixed star, or Cygnus, made at a late 
meeting. He had also made a series of observadons on 
the late comet, which he could only follow through one 
night when he lost it altogether. He also expressed his 
his opinion that large reflecting teleScopeS were superior 
to acnromatio as susceptible of greater mathematical ac- 
curacy, and he suggested that hardened steel might be 
used m preference to the ordinary metallic reflectors* A 
catalogue was next read of 760 fixed stars, observed at 
Cambridge by Professor Airey. A paper was next read by 
Mr. Henderson, consisting of observations on the parallaii 
of the double star, or Centaura, made at the Observatory 
at the Cape of Good Hope, in which latitude this star is 
always seen above the honzon< The next communica- 
tion was from the Kev. Dr. Pearson, on the obliaui^ of 
the ecliptic, the author commencing with an ainalysis of 
the views of Dr. Bradley, the first accurate observer upon 
the subject. His principal deviation from former calcu- 
lators was, that the taking into consideration the latitude, 
or co-latitude, of the places at which observations wer^ 
made, was of no consequence in the inquiry. The I're- 
sident next made some remarks on the annular eclipse of 
the sun in 1836, to which he had previously drawn the 
attention of the members. In his piper on the subjectf 
he had noticed the singular appearance of luminous 
lines diverging from the edge of the sun to that of the 
moon, as seen by him in Scotland. Analogous appear« 
ances had also been observed last September, in the 
United States, at the annular eclipse, respecting which 
he hoped that further accounts would be read at a future 
meeting. 

ABCHITBCTUIUkL 80CIETT. 
Ob Tuesday night this sdciety assembled at its rbOtns» 
Lincoln's Inn-fields, vfhen Wm« Tite^ £sq., presided^ 
and a lecture was delivered by Mr. Brayley, jiio*, en the 
geology and mineralogy of building Stones* This wa* 
the first of a Series* and the lecturer Jadiciensly employed 
it in laying open an enlarge view of the wh6le sqbjOeti 
^paratory to the practical observations to follow^ illii8< 
trated by speeimens, seotions^ and sketches well ealou- 
lated to substantiate his scientifiG tbundaiion. Mr^ Bray<« 
ley advocates the view taken by Phillips (in Opposition 
to that of Lyell) of the formation of gniess, mica slate, 
clay slate, the older sandstones from the disentegration of 
granite, and the new adjustment of its particles under 
aheted circumstances of heat^ pressure, tne presence of 
water, &c. He satisfiactorily explained the natural 
operations by which granite rocks become moulded into 
isolated masses like the Cheese Wring, the L^gan 
Rock, &c., illustrated by sections and specimens of its 
veins, the comparative novelty of its formation, notwith* 
standing it underlies all other other rocks, as far as we 
know, and explained the actual formation of rocks at the 
present day, by the exhibition of a specimen of cooglo- 
merate taken from the bed of the Thames at limehouse. 

HOKTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

The first ordinary meeting for the year was held on 
Tuesday afternoon, H. Moreton Dyer, Esq., V.P., in the 
chair. Among the presents announced was the last 
number of the " Flora Batava," from his Majesty the King 
of Holland. The new part of the transactions was in the 
room, and there were also distributed the regulations for 
the exhibitions, which are appointed for May 18, June 
15, and July 6. A paper was read from Sir €leorg<r 



tSK 



THB ALDTNB Ikf AQAZINE. 



Mackenzie on the growth of the potato, detailing the re- 
sults of comparative experiments on that root, and from 
which it appeared that the eye in the middle was most 
productive. Theorizes awarded were the silver Knightian 
medal to Mr. Green, for cuphorbis jacqniniflora ; and 
silver Banksian pedals to Mr. Davidson, for blood red 
oranges ; Mrs. Lawrence, for hed^chium coronanim ; 
Mrs. Marryatt, for Banksia Cunninshamii ; and Mrs. 
Kandolph, for artificial flowers. The Meteorological 
Register kept at the Gardens, from Dec 4, to Jan. 15, 
gave — Barometer highest. Dec. 31, 30,601 in. ; lowest, 
January 7, 29,096. Thermometer highest, Jan. 6, 53 
deg. Fah. ; lowest, January 9, 21 deg. Fah., and quan- 
tity of rain 1,61 inches. 

ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL 80CIETT. 
The First Rleeting since the recess was held on Mon- 
day Evening, W. R. Hamilton, Esq. President, in the 
Chair. The most important communication of the Even- 
ing was from Col. Mitchell, on a plan for erecting a 
Light-House on Cape de Agulhas, which lies about 80 
miles S. £. of the Cape of Good Hope. This point is 
well known as causing great destruction of shipping, and 
the position of the Cape is such as to point it out as very 
desirable for the erection of a Light- House, the promon- 
tory rising to a hight of 270 feet, and the whole hill being 
most excellent limestone. The proprietor of the ground 
had offered as much land as was required for the build- 
ing, which it was estimated would cost from 1,700/. to 
1,800/., and an annual expense of 230/. or 240/. The 
spot was also well adapted for obtaining transit bearings, 
so that on its voyage to India a ship might make fresh ob- 
servations, and regulate its chronometers. It was to be 
hoped that the subject would interest the attention of 
the British public on the ground of science, as well as 
humanity, for the inhabitants of the Cape of Good Hope, 
where the disirableness of the object was fully appreci- 
ated, were unable to do it themselves. It was also sug- 
gested that part of the Horsburgh fund should be appro- 
priated for the purpose and that a gigantic monument in 
this position would be more enduring to the fame of this 
illustrious navigator, than any other tablet or structure ; 
and if the subject was thus taken up, there was no doubt 
but that both the American and French Governments 
would aid in it. The President announced that the 
council had been deliberating on the propriety of publish- 
ing a translation of the celebrated work by Professor Carl 
Ritter, of Berlin, on Asia Minor, which was now ren- 
dered interesting from our connexion with that quarter of 
the globe : and Mr. Murchison exhibited and explained 
his map of the Silurian regions, after which the meeting 
adjourned to the 28th of January. 

WORKS IN THE PRESS, 

British Tndiaf in its relations to the Decline of 
Hindooism, and the Progress of Christiaiiitj/, con- 
taining Remarks on the manners, Customs, and Lite- 
rature of the ])eople ; on the Effects which Idolatry 
has produced on their Civil, Moral, and Political 
Relations ; on the obstacles which Christianity has to 
surmount; on the Progress of Religion in former 
and present times ; on the Support \vhich the British 
Government has given to their Superstitions, and 
on Education and the English Language, as the 
Medium through which it should be given. By the 
Rev. William Campbell, Missionary to India. 

A Narrative of the Greek Mission; or. Sixteen Years 
in Malta and the Ionian Isles ; Comprising allusions 
to the Religious Opinions, Moral Habits, Politics, 
Language and Natural History of Malta and Greece. 
By the Rev. S. S. tVilson, Member of the Literary 
Society of Athens. 



History of Napoleon : from the French of Lament 
(de TArd^che), the Duchesse d'Abrantes, Luden 
Bonaparte, Norvios, &c. (witli abstracts from the 
Works of Hazlitt, Carlyle, and Sir Walter Scott 
Edited by R. H. Home, Esq. Author of " Cosmo 
de Medici," « The Death of Marlowe," &c. Ilia*, 
strated with Many Hundred Enejravings on Wood, 
after designs by Raffet, Horace Vemet, Jacques, &c 

TO SUBSCRIBERS & CORRESPONDENTS. 



In a foot note at page 69, referring to the Liteniry 
Fund, it is intimated that Canning and Chateaubriand 
received benefits from that noble and truly benevo- 
lent institution, to which they afterwards became lihetal | 
contributors. *^ There is a mistake in the suppose | 
tion that Canning as well as Chateaubriand haxi been ; 
aided by the Literary Fund. M. Chateaubriaod 
acknowledged the obligations at an anniversaiy wbere ; 
Mr. Canning presided, and most liberally subscribed i 
to the society." For this correction we are indebted 
to the obliging attention of the editor of the Literanf 
Gazette. \ 

Partly from a want of clearness in the MS., and i 
partly from other circumstances, a few errata crept 
into the paper entitled "Tue Marriage System,'' 
at page lOS.etse^j.; but we believe they are only 
such as may be easily corrected by the pen. 

We feel obliged by the offer of " Results of 
Reaoikg ;" but the paper is not of a character soit* 
able to the pages of The Adine Magazine. 

The same remark is applicable to the lines — 

" Peace to the brave who nobly fall," 

and to their companion Stanzas — 

"Lady fare thee well I". 
Several of our Correspondents have a strange feocy 
that they can write poetry: we wish we knew how tti 
convince them of their error. Excepting to the !B*J 
spired, the task is not quite - so easy as tlutt of gaanf ' 
at the moon. 

If Y. A. T. T. will take the trouble of calling atSS, 
Aldersgate Street, the Editor of The Aldine Mag$^ 
will confer with him on the subject of his comm«iiicatioa« 

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I 



THE 



ALDINE MAGAZINE 



OF 



Btograpl^p^ iStWoiafraplbPi Crtticuim^ anSi tl^e 9frt£(. 



Vol. I. .No. 9. 



JANUARY 26, 1839. 



Price 3c/. 



5ni<? Editors and Proprietors of the Aldinb Magazine inform their Friends and the Public, 

that, at the suggestion of numerous Booksellers and Utefary friends, they have been induced to 

'iMtt their mode of Publishing, from Weekly to Monthly Parts onlt. Consequently, on the 

.Fi^sT of Maech will appear Part III. printed on a fine Royal Paper, of superior quality, with 

litm Letter, and various typographical improvements. Arrangements are in progress for a Series 

19f interesting Illustrations ; and^ with an accession of Literary talent ^ the plan will be altogether 

In an enlarged scale, and more full and comprehensive in its details. We take the present early 

(fportunity of expressing our obligation for the handsome notice taken of us by the Public PresSy 

'ht the Metropolis as well as in the Provinces, 



I'— 



THE FATE OF LOUIS THE 
SEVENTEENTH. 



<« Is he alive ! ! !*' 



Ti» quefltion wKetlier Loms XVII. died in the 
Tower of the^Temple has for several years past 
been mach i^tated in France, ahd in con^e- 
^^ce of the attempted assassination of the 
clDoke of Nonnandy, has began to attract the 
tfttontion of the British pablic. It may not, 
i^iMhtt, be amiss to give some accouTit of the 
atate of the controversy, and to show on what 
i^pMiftds It is 'asserted that he did or did not die 
^tee Prison of the Temple. 

diaries Louis Due de . Normandie was the 
Iwt surviving son of Louis XVI. and Marie 
•^aitomette, and was bom 27th March, 1785. 
vSPbb death of his elder brother, Louis Joseph, 
^ Jbne, 1789, be became Dauphin of France, 
Md'fay desire of his parents was thenceforth to I 
Ite called Loms Chailes. 

Oh the 10th of August, 1792, he was taken 
»t& the Prison of the Temple with his father 
ttd mother, the Princess Elizabeth, aunt of the 
Bag, and his sister, who afterwards married 
it^ first cousin, the Duke of Angoul^me, son 
■flfCharles X. then Comte D'Artois. 

After the death of his father, which took 
Ace on the 21 st of January, 1 79S, he was con- 
ned with his mother, and sister, and aunt, in 
fc third story of the Tower of the Temple ; 
M by an order of the Committee of Public 
Safety, he was cruelly separated ftom his 
WAtr on the 3rd of July in that year, and 
^OBfined alcme in an inner room on the second 
*tnry of the Tower : it wias the room whibh had 

▼OL, I. NO. 



formerly been occupied by Cl^ry, the faithful 
servant of the unfortunate monarch. . His sis- 
ter occupied the room immediately oveir-head ; 
but there were guards in the ante-room, both ' 
above and below, to prevent any communication 
between the brother and sister. Simon, the 
cobler,.one of the Municipal Commune, was bis 
keeper till the 19th of January, 1794, and the 
barbarous treatment which he pursued towards 
the imhappy child is well known. From that 
period no one was actually with him in the same 
room, but he vras left in a dreadful state of 
filth and wretchedness till he was attacked by ' 
disease. , ■ . * 

About the 30th of July, 1794» Laurenz was - 
appointed Groverhor of the Temple. He had ^ 
the child washed, and the vermin in the room 
and about his person destroyed, and more light 
was admitted into his prison, and thenceforward 
his health improved. 

In the succeding winter, according to the 
statements of those who suppose him to have 
died, he was attacked wiith fever at difR^rent 
times ; in April, or the beginning of May, 
1795, the child who was in his prison, and who 
is represented to have been the Dauphin, had 
two swellings, one on the right knee, the other 
on the left wrist. He was enfeebled, and phy- 
sically imbecile, and dumb ; in May he grew 
worse, and the Committee of Public Safety sent 
M. Dessault, an eminent physician* and oaap 
who was acquainted with the person of the 
Dauphin, to attend the child ; and Choppard, 
an apothecary, alsa gave him his care and at- 
tention. Those gentlemen both died sud- 
denly,* when in robust health, about the 4th 



IX. 



* Lacvlitelle*s History of France, VoU »i. p. 376i 

K 
London : Friated by J Maitim, 83, Aldengttt^ Street. 






130 



THB ALDINB MAGAZINE. 



of June ; and the child was afterwards visited 
by Doctors Pellatan and Dumangin, who were 
appointed by the Oommittee of PubBc Safety, 
but whig had never ^eegi the Dauphin, and were 
unacquainted with his person. They visited 
the child four days, and on the 8th of June, 
about three o'cloclif In the afternoon, he died. 

On the 9th of June a post mortem exami- 
nation was held by Doctors Pellatan, Duman- 
gin, Jeanroy, and Lassus, from which the fol- 
lowing are extracts :*r- . 

' ** Having all four arrived at eleven o'clock in the 
momiDg at the outer gate of the Temple, we were 
ther^ received by the comtnissaries, who took us into 
the Tower. Upon reaching the apartment, on the 
second floor, in an inner roocn, we found the dead 
body of a child, who seemed to us to be about |en 
years old, which the commissaries told us was that of 
the son of Louis Capet, and which two of us recognised 
as tM child W6 had extended for some days. The 
above-mentioned commissaries declared to us that the 
child had died the preceding day towards three o'clock 
in the afternoon." 

w 

They then go on to state the nature of the 
disorder of which the child died, the symptoms 
of which they describe as thinness, marasmus, 
and a pale heart, arising from scrofula, {un vice 
scrofuletup,) to which they attributed his d^ath. 

The same day the deputy S^vestre,* who 
was one of the Committee of Public Safety, 
who had formerly stated from the Tribunal of 
the Convention that that child (meaning the 
Dauphin) should never become a man, v^ent to 
the Convention, and made to them the follow- 
ing rep<^ : — 



" Citizens, — For some time past the son of Capet 
was suflfering from a swelling in the right knee and in 
the left wrist.; joq the 15th Florial (May 4) the pains 
increased, the patient lost bis i^petite, ^nd fever suc- 
ceeded. The celebrated Dessault, medical officer, 
was appointed to visit and prescribe for him. How- 
ever, the disease assumed a very serious appearance. 
On the 16th of this month (4th June) Dessault died. 



On the ISth a certificate of his death is drawn 
up in the Mowing form :- 

<< Certificate of the desith of Louis Cbarle» Capet 
on the 20th of this month, (Piairial, 8th Jane,) at 
three o'clock in the afternoon, aged ten years and two 
months, native of Versailles, department of the Seine 
and Oise, resident in the Tower of the Temple, 

" Son of Louis Capet, last king of the French, and 
of Marie Antoinette Joseph Jeanne, of Anstria, upon 
the declaiation made at the Town Hall by 

'< Etienne Lasne, aged thirtynaine years, keeper of 
the Temple« dvfeUing in PariSf in th^ sfr^t (vp4 tec- 
tion of the Bights of Man, No, 48, calling himself a 
neighbour, and by 

« Rami Bigot, workman, dWelHng at Parii, Old 
Temple Street, No, Ql, calling himself ft friend, ao 
cordmg to the certificate of Dusser, commissary of 
police for the said section of ^e 22nd of this month, 
(10th June). 

(Signed) LiisNE, Bigot, & Robin, 

Public Officer/' 

As the physiciaiis do not certify the death of 
the Dauplun of their ovra knowledge, it is ob- 
vious that the question whether this child were 
the Dauphin dtpends ept\rely upon tb^ ciedit 
to be given to the statepieAt made by the com- 
missaries to the physicians, and to the value of 
the testimony of Etienne Lasne 9nd Remi Bigot, 
who signed the acte de d^c^s. 

^QW there vf^e ^49 f p^uni88arie«» wl)0^ 
duty it was to gu^^d tj^e ypupg priaaner jn 
turn for the space pf tf^renty-fo^r hpurpif «o that 
tb@ same iniUvidual }iad pot occasion to rs^p- 
pe^ in ^tte^daace at the prispn tiU ^r ^ 
laps^ of 4(9i%f months ; «ad bxos^ coiaonaisfi^pea 
who ^Gfi^ pcesent at the death qi the ^)#1 ifi 
the T<^mple piig^t Nve beei^ wb^y igpp^ 
whe^er it w^re (x were n^ th^ ^iffie ^iiM 
who had been confined ii^ that qK)t siiHf f^» 
17&3, a|id were veiy prob^ly tptally unac- 
quainted with the p^spn and featittiqa of the 
Dauphin. • 

So that it is perfectly supposable th^t a sub- 
stitution might have taken pkoe, by a coi^piv- 



To take his place the Committee appointed citi- ance vrith one of the chief authorities) "withottt 



zen Pellatan, a well-known medical officer, and with 
hho was joined citizen Dumangin, first physiciap to 
the Hospital of Health. Their bulletin of eleven 
o'clock yesterday morning announced alarming symp- 
toms in the patient, and at a quarter past two in the 
afternoon we received the news of the death of Capet's 
son. The Committee of General Safety have charged 
me to make this known to you : all is verified^-here 
are the proces verbaux which will be deposited and 
remain in your archives.*' 

A funeral procession left the Temple in the 
course of tiie day ; and it was declared to the 
world that the body of the Dauphin was buried 
in tiie cimetkre of the parish ei Saint Mai^e- 
rite. 



^ Aj«<»w®;?»'.i^ fi»^W if ftfmfit Vol, X» p. ^37. 



its being known to those comiiiis|99n^ who 
made this statement. This, coupled with the 
mysterious circumstance th^^l^ both the physidaii 
and the f^thecdry v?ho attended the child died 
violent deaths ; and with the fact, that the 
organ of th^ commi^iication to the Copventiop 
was S^vestre, who voted for the death of tii9 
King, aayd had s^id that his son should never 
live to becpme qf ag^ has thrown a stispiaafi 
over the tsuth of the'vfhple tmifaotipii. 

)n order to )i^validate the ^ertifieate, and td 
I»ove that the testim(»iy of I^aane wA 3igot 
camot h^ depended on» it in ass^ed tl^t bf 
the law of France the aQte d0 i^c^ sboi^ ^ 
signed within/orfy««}y A^ homfi pf the deoeise by 

tb« w»^t r^ktm^M «P9iii^te s tot tbii i^m? 



/• 



Vnn AliPINl ¥A0'A2IMl. 



m 



iriMW 



mi tben ^ot by Madame Roy4ei th« slater of tb$ 
lappoaed deceased, who was his nearest ?elatiye, 
aadiii the ehamber above ; nor did she see her 
supposed brother in hia illness, nor when 
d^ ; for. in feet, they had not met for mtiny 
months. Moreoyer, that on the face of it Laene 
gives a false description of his residence, and of 
the quality in vhich he signed the document, 
whm he states himself aa 4weUmg <mt of tho 
Tmqih, and ca|ls himsdf a neislhbQ^r s and that 
Remi Bigot, who was a workman, and lived gut 
of the prison, in Old Temple Street, and calls 
himself a friend of this unhappy child, could 
not have known that it was the Dauphin who 
died, nor have bem his friend, but has been 
guilty of fietlsehood. Added to which, it is a 
fiust diat Lasne had only been a short time go- 
?ecnor of the Temple> and had no personal 
knowledge of the son of Louis XVI. 

Tben they remark that th^e is evidently a 
coatrodictiim in the time of the death, S4vestre 
having stated that the committee received in- 
teliigeaee . of it at a quarter past two, wh^i 
they were sitting at the Tuilmes, which was a 
fBFy considerable distance from the Tower; 
whereas the hour of the death, acocording to thei 
physicians, was three o'clock. And again he 
wU to the Ccmvcmtion on the Qth, that it was 
all wti/M, and the documents drawn up i 
whereas, this appears to have been false, as the 
eertififiate of death ifl| dated three days later, 
«hi(JL shewa that he and the committee, in 
whose name he spoke, were reckless of thq 
tmth. The next contradiction relates to the 
^aoe of the burial. It appears that the ceme- 
%tapf of the parish of St. Marguerite was searched 
alter the restoration by order of Louis XVIII., 
and no vestige of the coffin or body could be 
fouad; but that, on the taking down of the 
Tover of the Temple, the r^nu^ns of a child, 
upon whom a post mortem examination had 
evidenUy beea held, anU which bore the marks 
of the transverse cut of the operating surgeon 
open the skull, were discovered ; a fiust which 
oleaiiy shows that a concealment of the body 
of the child that really died had been considered 
necessary, for some mysterious reason, and that 
a fraud had been practised on the inhabitants 
of Paris as regarded his funeral. 

Independent of these reasons for disbelieving 
tiie evidence adduced of his deadi,'^ the writers 
on the other side maintain that th^re is direct 
^ndence, both documentary and oral, of the 

* if.. Labr^U de Fontaine, librarian of the Dow- 

SiT Duchess qf Orleans, M. Morin de Gu^rivifere, 
. pouibon le Blanc, the aathor of Le Pass^ et 
HAfSnireKplalBed^ and othsM. 



^^ce's having escaped £0Qm tb^ Tower pf ^ 
Temple. 

1st. That there was an order of the Convenr 
lion to cause pursuit to be made for himtbrQi)ghT 
out the provinces ; and an order of the Com- 
mittee of Public Hafety, dated after bis supposed 
decease, requiring the ^Police to stop ^ phily 
dren of from ten to twelve yeaiB of age whoiVL 
they should hwfG reason to auj^ose might be 
the Bauphiiii. And they bring forward sevend 
instances of such arrests aft^tbe date of the 
alleged decease. M. Morin de Quiaivi^re 
states that he himself was travelling in a post* 
chaise under the protection ci M. Jf^ials Ojart 
dias, and was stopped at Thiers (Puys de d6me) 
pn suspicion of being the Dauphin — rthat the 
ohai^ was inquired into, and by an order from 
J. F. Chasal, Representative of the People^ 
Delegated by the National Ccmvention, dated 
IQth of July, 1706, the order which detained him 
as the child was rescinded, because the chazige 
was false, apd he sets forth a Copy of the 
Document. 

Sndly. Thi^t the Moniteur, the Government 
Gazette, announced that terms had ^^^ ofl&ed 
to the Generals of La Vendue, that there should 
be a general amnesty on condition of their 
giving up the person of the Dauphin. 

3rdly. M, Labr^li de Fontaine states that 
General Charette, towards the close of the year 
1795, addressed a Proclamation to his army 
ii^ La Vendue, in which are the fplbwing 
passages ; — 

" And are you about to lay down your arms ? * * 
* * Go then, base and treacherous soldiers ! Go, 
deserters of the pqble cause which you dishonour. 
Abandon to the caprice of fortune, to the uncertainty 
of events, the royal orphan whom you swore to de- 
fend, or rather lead him captive in the midst of you, 
conduct him to the assassins of his Father. Have no 
pity for his tender age, for his engaging charms, for 
ois helplessness, for his xni8fQrtunes,r*>aiid when you 
are in the prespnce of your iipw masters, in order tft 
make yourselves more worthy of thefn, (^t at their 
feet the head qfyour innocent King J' 

4thly. Bya Proclamation which the samegen-r' 
tleman saw at Venice, dated from Verona, on tha 
14th of October, 17Q7, (wore than two yeara 
after the supposed death) by the Count of "Prpt 
veiice, as Regent of the Kingdom, who was in 
fact King, if the Danphin wpye PQt then alive. 

5thly. By a Secret Article of the Treaty qf 
1816, the substance of which he quotes to the 
effect that the alUed sovereigns had no €ert»i^ 
evidence of the death of lx>uis XVII, j but that 
the state of Europe required that they phoijld 
p^e at the head of their aqvernm^nt %| 
Count of Provence, with the title of King. 

ethly. ItisasswtedthJitifhebadbeendendi 
ti» ItacbMl of ^A8§i499^e, or IjQim ^VHU 



182 



THE ALDINB MAOAZIKE. 



trould haye accepted the heart of the child 
which died in the Temple, which was offered 
to them at the restoration by Doctor Pellatan, 
and refused. 

Tthly. As negative evidence, that no funeral 
service of Grand Mass was ever ordered to be 
celebrated for the repose of Louis XVIL, as 
was for hb father, at the restoration. 

8thly. By the positive Declarations of per- 
sons concerned in the escape. Madame Simon, 
the wife of Simon the colder, who so ill treated 
the child, constantly afi&rmed it. Barras, one 
of the three Directors who were at the head of 
the Government at the time ; Josephine Beau- 
hamais, the intimate associate of Barras, after- 
wards Empress of France ; General Pichegru, 
Ck)unt Louis de Frott^, Laurenz, the Governor 
of the Temple, and maay others have dedaredit. 

Some of them were members of the Conven- 
tion who laiew the fturt, and others more or less 
fiunlitated or connived at the substitution and 
escape, and others saw the Dauphin affcer his 
escape. 

On another occasion, we may probably think 
it right to give our readers an outline of the 
fact& and statements which have been advanced 
under this^ general description ; in the mean 
time it rests with them to determine on which 
side the evidence for the truth preponderates. 



LETTERS TO MY SON AT ROME. 



LETTER IX. 
NOTICE OF THE ROBINSONS. 



Aldine ChamherSf Paternoster Row, 
London, Jan, 19, 1839. 

Mt dbab Son, 

Upwards of fifty-three years have passed 
away since I first behdd in all his pristine glory 
that king of booksellers, George Robinson the 
first, as he was sometimes designated from his 
noble appearance and manners, and in contra- 
distinction from his only son George, who was 
somewhat below the middle stature. George 
Robinson, sen., might appropriately be con- 
sidered the pride, of Paternoster Row, from his 
hospitality and liberality to authors, artists, 
printers, booksellers, and even to the most dis- 
tant of his English, Irish, and Scotch corres- 
pondents. As a bookseller, he may be said to 
have revived the days of the Tonsons, the Lin- 
tots, the Osboms, Millar, and all the most emi- 
nent booksellers of the times of Addison, Pope, 
Swift, and Steele. It is true the ponderous 
folio tomes and the American war were nearly 
forgotten together; yet> from the literary mine 



or stores of George Robinson, son, and bro^ 
tkers, trading under the firm of George, George, 
John, and James Robinson, were issued fiie 
substantial quartos in abundance down to what 
was then termed the moderate-sized octavo; 
and No. 25 in the Row was perhaps considered 
the most extensive publishing and wholesale 
book establishment in Europe. 

I will, from bare recollection, endeavour to 
convey to you sotue idea of the extent of their 
connections, and the works they were engaged 
in, at a period of the most active employment 
of my life, of which I have promised you a de- 
tail. 

In periodical Hterature tliey were the pnb- 
lishers of the Critical Review and the Ladies* 
and Town atid Country Magazine for nearly half 
a century. Of the last work, which consisted 
of matters of bon ton and the chit chat of the 
day, they at one period disposed of 14,000 
monthly ; and of the Ladies* Magazine little 
shOTt of that number, although they were pirated 
in Ireland, as well as Baldwin's London Maga- 
zine, and exported to a great extent, notwith- 
standing Robinsons' unrivalled wholesale con- 
nection at home and abroad. In 1780 (the 
year of Lord George Gordon's riots,) the Ro- 
binsons commenced the New Annual Register, 
which they continued for upwards of thirty 
years. Although the work was pubhshed at 
the average price of one pound per volume, 
they, in the zenith of its popularity* disposed of 
7,000 copies ' annually. They were also the 
principal shareholders of the Ancient and Mih 
dem Universal History in sixty octavo volumes; 
and the purchasers of all the copies and copy- 
right of (rough* s Camden^s Britannica, in four 
volumes folio, which sold for sixteen guineas; 
and the principal proprietors of Kippis's BiogrO' 
phia Britannica, in five folio volumes ; as well 
as in the Biographical Dictionary, and odier 
works of that class. 

In chronological and historical works they 
were proprietors of Russell's Ancient and Mo- 
dern Europe, his History of Aleppo, in most 
other standard historical works, as well as those 
of Belsham^ Godwin^ Grose, MayOy Playfair, 
Src, Sfc. 

In voyages and travels they were proprietors 
and publishers of the originals or translations 
of the most popular of their day, such as Bruce* s 
Travels, in five volumes quarto ; the Travels of 
Anacharsis, of Bourgoing, Benyowsky, Lady 
Craven, Chastelws, Cousett, Muriti, La Perrouse^ 
Savaryy Vaillant, Volney, and numerous others. 

In works of taste and illustrations, the pro- 
ductions of Alison, Dr. Bumey, Bewick, Beau- 
mont* Feim, Hogarth, Heath/ Lavater, Lord 
Orford, &c. &c. In one work alone» the SnS" 



THB ALDINB MAGAZINE. 



ISS 



Ush Peerage, with splendid plates by Gatton, 
they were said to have lost 3,000/. ; yet no- 
thing appeared to damp the ardour of this en- 
terprising firm. 

In books on medicine, sinrgery, and chemistry, 
they were the principal London publishers of 
the works of Bell, Cullen, Duncan, Sydenham, 
Vaughan, Motherhy^ Wallis, Fmarcroy^ Lavoi- 
tier, Nicholson, ifC. S^c. 

In works on agriculture and gardening, those 
oi Anderson, Abercrombie^ Mawe^ Millar, SfC. SfC. 

In geography, navigation, the mathematics, 
and education, the popular works of Guthrie, 
Ferguson, Hutton, Moore, Vyse, Walker, &c. 

In law and jurisprudence, &c., VatteVs Law 
of Nations, De Lolme on the Constitution, The 
Political Justice, by Godwin ; The History of 
Parliament, by Oldfield ; The Political Index^ 
by Beatson ; Plowden's Jura Anglorum^ or the 
Mights of Englishmen, ^c. ; and even in an 
Abridgment of the Law they published Vineb, 
in on/y twenty-six volumes royal octavo, at nearly 
2(W. per copy ! ! ! 

The above are a few of the works which I 
recollect that came within my ken, and for the 
most part passed through my hands, with hun- 
dreds of otiiers from that house alone (upwards 
of thirty years ago) and many of them fur- 
msh me with ample material for my future 
communications with you. 

There is one branch of literature that I 
had nearly forgotten ; and as some of the 
authors shone conspicuously in the dinner par- 
ties of the Robinsons, I must not omit them — 
I mean the authors of novels, romances, poetry, 
and the drama. Among these were ranged 
Macklin, Murphy, Holcroft, Godwin, Sophia 
Lee, Mrs. Inchbald, White, Radcliffe, Dr. 
Moore, Dr. Wolcot, (alias Peter Pindar,) &c. 
To Mrs. RadclifFe Mr. Robinson gave 500 
guineas for her Mysteries of Udolpho, the largest 
sum known at that time to have been given 
for a novel. This was years ago, and quite 
enough to alarm the Minerva Press, and even 
the heads of the publishers of Bond Street. It 
however turned out a iine speculation, as the 
work passed through several editions ; and 
with all the calamities and complaints of au- 
thors, how little is thought of such a sum for a 
popular work in the present day. 

The Robinsons were also considerably en- 
gaged in the politics of the times, and abodt 
the commencement of the French Revolution 
were concerned in the Courier, (a rival to the 
present one,) an evening paper ; and subse- 
quently in a newspaper called the Telegraph. 
George Robinson, sen., was also extensively 
connected in the English Lottery with the 
Wilkinses, and in the Irish Lottery with the late 



celebrated and immensely wealthy Luke White* 
of Dublin. On one occasion it was said Mr. 
R. forfeited a large deposit on a contracts which 
White subsequently took up and realised a for- 
tune by. Were I to relate to you Mr. Robin- 
son's conviviality and connections with his 
Irish and Scotch friends, respecting the former 
it would fill a volume instead of a few pagea of 
the Aldine Magtizine. I knew most of the 
characters when I was in Dublin in 1794 : 
among them w^re Jno. Archer, Alderman £x- 
shaw, Luke White, the Joneses, the Moores, the 
Rices, &c., most of them boon companions. It 
is said George had been laid under the table, for 
it was reported he was a five or six bottle man. 

In 1793 the Robinsons were prosecuted, 
(although not the publishers,) as wholesale 
booksellers, and furnishing widi others of that 
period copies of Paine' s Rights of Man, On 
Nov. ^6, in the above year, George Robinson 
the elder, George Robinson the younger, John 
Robinson, and Janaes Robinson, who had been 
convicted at the Bridgwater Assizes of selling 
three copies of Paine' s Rights of Man to Mr. 
Pyle, bookseller, at Norton Fitzwarren, near 
Taunton, in Somersetshire, were sentenced in 
the Court of King's Bench; John Robinson, 
who had seen the parcel before it was sent off, 
to pay a fine of lOOZ., and the three other de- 
fendants, 50/. each. Symonds and Ridgway 
received more severe sentences and long impri- 
sonment about the same period for the same 
publication. Daniel Isaac Eaton was also tried 
and acquitted. More of this in its proper place, 
as well as of Jordan, the original publisher, 
and of Mr. Johnson, to whom the manuscript 
was originally offered. I saw Dr. Priestley and 
Paine a short time previously, and subsequently 
published Pindar's Odes for Uielatter gaideman. 

This reminds me of an anecdote of Dr. Wol- 
cot, (alias Peter Pindar,) which he humourously 
related to me at the time I became his pub- 
lisher. It appears that he made an immense 
sum from his writings, which conunenced in 
1783 with his Epistle to the Reviewers, (by the 
bye, the only work of his that I do not find re- 
viewed in the Monthly, or any other review,) 
published by the Egertons. His subsequent 
publisher, however, was George Kearsley, who 
brought out his rapidly-produced poems in 
quarto, with spirited etchings, for several years, 
until Evans, took them up, when they formed 
an immense quarto volume. The sale had been 
prodigious ; and as Peter, like .many other 
poets, had not been the most provident or pru- 
dent of that class, the purchase of his works 
became an object of speculation with Robinson 
and Walker, (his brother in law,) who entered 
into a treaty to grant an annuity for his pub« 



M4 



rilli ALDtNE MA&A£IH8. 



Ushed trorks, and oti certain condition^ for his 
ujipublidhed ones, which is thus accurately re- 
lated tn the Doctor's own style. While this 
trifeaty was pending, Wolcot had an attack of 
asthma, which he did not conceal or palliate, 
hut at meetings of the parties his asthma always 
iMerrupted the business. A fatal result was 
of course anticipated, and instead of a sum of 
money, an annuity of 2 50?. a-year was pre- 
ferred.. Soon after the bond was signed, the 
Doctor went into Cornwall, where he recovered 
his health, and returned to London without any 
cough, which was for from being a pleasing 
sight to the persons who had to pay his annu- 
ity. One day he called on Mr. Walker, the 
manager for the parties, who, survepng him 
Tilth a scrutinising eye, asked him how he did. 
'* Much better, thank you," said Wolcot ; "I 
have taken measure of my asthma : the fellow 
ii troublesome, but I know his strength, and 
am his master." (He told me old Floyers wrote 
a good treatise on the subject.) " Oh !" said 
Mr. Walker gravely, and turned into' an ad- 
joining room, where Mrs. Walker, a prudent 
woman, had been listening to the conversation. 
Wolcot, aware of the feeling, paid a strict at- 
tention to the husband and wife, and heard the 
latter exclsdm, " There now, didn't I tell you 
he wouldn't die !" 

A plea was then set up that the agreement 
extended to all further pieces as well as the 
past ; and on this ground an action was com- 
menced, which was subsequently compromised. 
Wolcot enjoyed the joke, and outlived both 
parties. 

The Doctor, from knowing me at Evans's, 
where I superintended his poetical effusions 
from IJ'OO to 1793, applied to me to publish 
for him till matters were arranged, as he told 
me that he had no idea that the Paternoster 
Row booksellers should drink all their " wine 
Out of his skull ;" that he was aware that 
*' the fellows were playing cards upon his coffin 
lid,'* and exclaimed, that as 

" Care to our coffin adds a nail no doubt, 
While ev'ry grin so merry draws one out," 

'* he regretted that he did not add a little to his 
income by coughing a little more." I published 
his Tales of the Hoy in 1798 ; Nil Admirari in 
1799; Lord Auckland's Triumph^ 1800; Out 
at last, 1801 ; Ins and Outs, 1801 ; Epistle to 
Count Rum/ord, 1801 ; and Tears and Smiles, 
11801 ; after which matters were accommodated 
between the parties : and I have no doubt but 
George Robinson himself not only smiled, but 
i^uld join in a hearty laugh, although against 
himself. 
* Mr, Roblixson was peculiarly happy at ty^hat 



are termed tihe booksellers' trade aakss and 
being aware of the little cavils and jealousies iii 
trade and between individuals, which are always 
buried or forgotten in the sale room, he fre- 
quently created (when it did not interfere with 
business) roars of laughter at the Horn Tavern, 
in Doctors' Commons, where they were then 
conducted. His jolly brother-in-law, Joha 
Walker, frequently threw himself back in hii 
chair, and from his position and the formation 
of his face, a tolerable perspective view might 
be obtained up his widely-distended nostrils; 
and his aid de camp, or clerk, James Rider, (my 
old fellow apprentice^) ardently joined in the 
hilarity of the room ; the most expesuuve and 
handsome dinners were provided on the oc« 
casion. The expense was seldom considered an 
object, as sometimes on these occasions sales 
were effected totiiie amount of five, ten, fifteen, 
twenty, thirty, and even forty thousand pounds, 
and upwards, in one afternoon's side. It 
is said that one individual purchased to the 
amount of 40,000/. in the sale of the stock of 
the Messrs. Robinson, in which was induded 
Gough's Camden's Britannia, 1^ Works of Ho- 
garth, by Cooke, Lavater's Physiognomy, The 
New Annual Register, and other p(^[mlar worksi 
which were subsequently sold by auction at the 
watering places, and throughout England, Ire- 
land, and Scotland. But, alas ! the booksellen, 
as above noticed in both instances, are now no 
more, nor do any branches of their families 
carry on the trade. And although " good vine 
needs no bush," bad books need good wine to 
set them afloat. I have sat near the late James 
Lackington when he has purchased upwards of 
12,0007. in a sale, and with others who have 
scarcely intended to purchase 10/. worth, yet 
have purchased over 100/. 

In the sale of Mr. Robinson's ^tock, the copy- 
right alone of Vyse's Spelling, price one shilling, 
sold for 2,500/., besides an annuity of fif^ 
guineas per annum, to poor old Vyse, to whom 
your brothers went to school, in Walnut-tree 
Walk, Lambeth, in the y^ar 1805. 

It is now time that I should present you 
with a biographical sketch, which I promised 
you, as drawB by the venerable John Nichols, 
aud, I believe, the late Alexander Chalmers, 
of the Robinsons. 

MB. OEORGB ROBIXSON. 

" Mr. George Robinson, one of ibe most eminent 
booksellers of his time, was bora at Dalston, in 
Cumberland, and about 1755 came up to liondon in 
search of such employment as he might be qualified 
for by a decent education, and a great ^ate of natu- 
ral sense and shrewdness. His first engagement was, 
we believe, in the respectable house of Mr. John 
Rivington, from which he went to that of Mr. John- 
stone, on Ludgate Hill, where he remained until 



¥«* Ai.»iii« xiA&A^irfrE. 



ISfi 



if$B^ wheb h« commeBeed buMness^asil bootelfer 
ii^ Paten)06ter Row, in. partnei^ip with Mr Jolin 
Jloberts, wbo died about the jjear .17T(6. The corii- 
mende'ment of an undertaking liketfiis. required a 
capital ; and the uniform habits of industry and punc- 
tnalhy Trhich Mr. Robinson had displayed) while 
aaoaRing the cxmcems of others, pQinted him obt as 
one who ibi^ be eiltrusliBd. He had lofjsen beeti 
heud to aickaowledge bis giatitade to the Ute Mt. 
Thomas Longman, who, libeialLy and utiasked, oHe^ 
him any sum» on credit^ that might be wanted. In a 
short time, however, these small beginnings swelled 
into cotlcems of importatice. Mr. Robinson's active 
spirit, ktioW]ede;e of business, atid reputable corfnex- 
i»D^ soon etUibled hitu to aeh^^ thc^ high^ bfanehes 
of the basiness, and in the purchase of cnpyHghts he 
became the -rival of the most fidrtnidable of the old 
^tablished houses: and before the year 1780, he had 
the largest wboleaiie trade that was ever carried on by 
an individual. In 1754 he took into partnership his 
SOD George, his brothef Jtihn, (and subsequently his 
braibei^'Jliraes^ who a^rwards retired from the con- 
cern, and became a coal mierchant,) who iirer6 hissHo- 
oessori. 

^' In tho. rise and pro^ss of so great a ^onc^tn 
Mr. Robinson was ^n eminent proof (if so plain a 
truth requires a proof) how much may be done by 
habits of attention, industry, and, above all, by inflelx- 
ible integrity attd perseverance. 

" We have iiuthority to say, frorti the ifiOst suc- 
oess(iil of his rivals, the fkst bookseller iil London, 
and a magistrate of high rwak* thftt ^of Gee^pge Ro- 
binson's int^rity too much cannot be said.* It was 
ttis which frequently involved him in the troublesome 
yet honourable oftice of arbitrator in cases of dispute, 
and executor and assignee in the events of death or 
hwakroptcy ; and there are probably none in the trade 
«i» cannot testify in his favour hi soflae otie of those 
iiepMtiaents. He had, indeed^ a iiatulk^ aiseisioB to 
everythi&g littlis^ mean, and partakiug of subteifuge 
and undue artifice; and many will remember that, 
when his indignation was roused by actions of this 
description, be expressed it in terms peculiarly harsh 
tod unactK)mrnodating. As his sUeidess in busitiess 
pMMeeded, he ettekided his liberality tb authors in no 
common degnee ; and it will be di&ult to find an 
iostaaee where he did not amply gratify the wish of 
the party, if at all compatible with prudence, or even 
the distant probability of return. It was his opinion 
that liberality to authors was the true spirit of book- 
seilim? enterprize ; and perhaps Kltle can be done if 
occasional feilufes-fereak in upon this system. 

** If the writer of the present article, who for many 
yeafsha4 enjoyed Mr. Bobitxson s ivfiinacy, were to 
venture on any objection, at a time when he feels 
nothing but regret, it would be that ]VIr. Robinson 
rather gave too much than too little, and that he 
'sometimes gave a considration which neither their 
own mefit, nor tkt opinhn of ikv puMic, couM ever 
taTictionJ* 

Now, my dear aoui as I find ibyadf at the 
bottom of my sheet, I must <^iiclude/ Pro- 
mising you the remainder of the above sketch 
in my next, I am, as "ever, 

Your affectionate t^her, 

An OXiD BoaKBBlrlfEB. 

• ■•' ♦MV. AWettnahCadeH. ' *~ 



MEN, WOMEN, AND IBVENl^S OF 
THE WEEK BEFOJRE US. '■ 

■ ■ - - ■ ) 

Dr. Jenner, and the Discovery and Failure of Vac- 
cination. — Dr. Severn. — Moofe's Alfnanatk^ tne 
Duke of Sussex, and Dr. Hutton.^^-Moiaft. — 
Charteroagne and his Bible. — ItitEfrmefit arid ili- 

. humaftion. — Sii^ Fraticis Dfake.^^Sir ThomorBod- 
fey * — Peter |he Greati--<jfeorgt the Oood ii—Swed- 
euborg the Monomaiiiac.-^RoUin. — Charles I.ih^s 
Portraits and Busts. — Ominous Incident. — Relics 
of Charles I. in Ashburnham Church. — ^Discovei;y 
of his ^mains.- Ix)rd Byroh's Infatnotis Vetsei. 
— Do^n^y's Antidote. — Ben Jonsoif. — Sir Arfi- 
ton Le»er» — ^New River Cdmpaiiy. 

EbwAitt) JfiNNEft, M.D. the discoverer tjf vac- 
cination, difed on the 26th of January, 1$23, vlt 
the age of seVenty-three. tt -was abottt the 
year 17'^6, that his attentibn -v^ras turned to the 
cow-pox, by the circumstance of his ascertaining 
that persons who had beeh aflPected with that 
disease, were thereby rendered free from vario- 
lous infection. Per many years vaccmation 
proved one of the greatest blessings ever con- 
ferred upon the human race ; and, that its 
advantages have not been continued m their 
fullest extent to the present hour, is attributa- 
ble solely to a neglect on the part of the medical 
profeesion, which, though the term may sound 
harshly, seems to be the result of the grdssest 
stupidity. Fot many years past, it has been 
our wonder tJiat instead of going on, and oil, 
and on, from one human suoject to another, to 
the thousand tniUionth in succession. Common 
sense should not have taught them to turn 
back to the original source of protection — the 
cow. At length, however, the eyes of sbcfie' of 
our tnedical men seem td b6 open. Some 
weeks ago, wb had the pleasure of directing the 
attention of our readers to Dr. Severn's " tn- 
quiry into the Causes of Failure in Vaccination/' 
&c. ;* and, from the urgency of the case — as 
the small pox is at this time committing the 
inost dreadful ravages, hot phly in the inetrop'6- 
lis, but in various parts of the couhtry-^we 
again mention the subject, and intreat of the 
medical profession and of t^e public ati- large, 
to give it their most earnest consideration. 

Henry Andrews, a self-taught mathematicians 
and astronomer, who Was for more than forty 
years a computer of the Nautical Ephemeris, 
and the calculator of Mbore's Almanack, died 
on the 26th of January, 1820, aged severity -six. 

The anniversary of the birth of the Duke of 
Sussex falls on Sunday, the 27th, when his: 
Royal Highness will compleite his 66th year.. 

Dr. Charles Hutton will, on the same day^ 
hare been dead 16 years^ 



-ijt- 



I' '■». 



.UmM. 



* Vide ALDiNk MagazinEi, page 28. 



IU6 



VME\ AfcRINlS: MA(?A#*lf E. 



^ r Mozartr^o]m Chry/Bostom Wcdfgang Ama- 

deus Mozart-^n whose genius and talent 

volumes - might be "written — ^was bom on the 

27th of January, 1756 ; he died on the 5th of 

'December, 1792. 

1 On Monday next. Charlemagne, or Charles 
the Grei^t, Kiog of the Franks, and subse- 
quently Emperor of the West, will have been 
-dead 1025 ye«(rs. Charlemagne was bom in 
742. Although the wisest man of the age in 
which he lived, he could not write, and he was 
forty-five years of age before he began his 
studies. His favourite preceptor was Alcuinus, 
librarian to Ebgert, archbishc^ of York.* On 
the. 25th of December, 800, Charlemagne was 
crowned Emperor of the West; and, on the 
1st of December, in the following year, Alcu- 
inus presented him with a magnificent folio 
bible, boimd in velvet, the leaves of vellum, 
the writing in double colums, and containing 
449 leaves. Prefixed is a richly ornamented 
frontispiece in gold and colours. It is enriched 
with four large paintings, exhibiting the 
state of the art at this early period ; there 
are moreover thirty-four large initial letters, 
painted in gold and colours, and exhibiting 
seals, historical allusions, and emblematicad 
devices, besides some smaller painted capitals. 
This identical bible was sold by Mr. Evans, of 
Pall Mall, on the 27th of April, 1836, for 1 500/. 
When Charlemagne issued the instrument by 
which the Romish Liturgy was ordained through 
France, he confirmed it by " making his mark." 
Mezerai, the . French historian, observes that 
below the " mark," was commonly inserted " X 
hay^ signed it with the pommel of my sword, 
and I promise to maintam it with the point." 

Charlemagne was interred at Aix-la-Cha- 
pelle. *' His body was embalmed and deposited 
in a vault, where it was seated on a throne of 
gold, and clothed in imperial habits, over the 
sack- cloth which he usually wore. By his side 
hung a sword, of which the hilt, and the orna- 
ments of the scabbard were of gold, and a 
pilgrim's piirse that he used to carry in his 
journeys to Rome, In his hands he held the 
Book of the Gospels, written in letters of gold ; 
his head was ornamented with a chain of gold 
in the form of a diadem, in which was enclosed 
a piece of the wood of the true cross ; and his 
face was wound with a winding-sheet. His 
sceptre and buckler, formed entirely of gold, 
and which had been consecrated by Pope Leo 
III., were suspended before him, and his sepul- 
chre was closed and sealed after having been 



* For the poetical catalogue of the archbishop's 
library^ by AlcuinuSy vicfe Aldine Magazine, page 
77. # 



filled ^th vaaibos' treasures and pei^umefi. 
A gilded arcade was erected over the place, wi(!h 
a Latin insdriptipn, of which the following is a 
translation : — 

' Beaeaih this tomb is placed the body of &e 
orthodox Emperor Charles the Great, who vs- 
lourously extended the kingdom of the Franks, a»d 
happily governed it 47 years. He died a Septoa- 
genaxiaD^ January 28, 814.' " 

It is further recorded, that " Pope Otho III. 
ordered the tomb to be opened, when the body 
was stripped of its royal ornaments, which had 
not been in the least injured by the hand of 
time. The Book of the Gospels continues to be 
kept at Aix-la-Chapelle. Withi this volume 
the imperial sword and hunting-hom were also 
found. The copy of the Gospels interred with 
Charlemagne, appears to have been one of those 
executed by his order, and corrected acoordiag 
to the Greek and Syriac." 

Sir Francis Drake, the great circumnavigator, 
died on the 28th of January, ^43 * years ago. 
Drake was the first Englishman who encom- 
passed the globe. In 1587, he burnt 100 
vessels at Cadiz, and retarded the threatened 
invasion for a twelvemonth. About the same 
time he took a rich Bast India carrack, near the 
Teroeiras, by which the English gained sucA 
an insight into the trade of that part of the 
world, that it led to the establishmentof the East 
India Company. Drake, before he had the royal 
sanction for his depredations, was a famouB 
free-booter against the Spaniards. He com- 
manded' as< Vice- Admiral under JLord Howaid 
of Effingham, and had his share in the des- 
truction of the Spanish Armada. 

Sir Thomas Bodley, who died on the 28th 
of January, 1612, merited much as a man of 
letters, but incomparably more for his harisg 
rebuilt the University Library, Oxford, and 
bequeathed to it his own library and fortune 
for its support and augmentation. Sir Thomas 
was a native of Exeter, 

On the same day of the month, 11 4 years 
ago, died Peter the Great of Russia, at the 
age of 53, 

On Tuesday next, the 29th of January, 
George the Third will have been dead 19 years. 
From an \mpublished poem, entitled ** England^ 
Immortality," by Mr. Harral, we take the fol- 
lowing panegyrical notice of this sovereign, 

TIME, LOQUITUR. 

But, chief, 'mongst all the regal line, 
The Brunswick's glories brightest shine I 
Their's the best boon that nature gives 1 
With them each honoured virtue lives I 
For them, the consecrated rose 
Of hope's fruition ever blows. 
And sheds its lasting fragrance o'er 
The waves that lash their sea-girt ^hore I 



TrI|:B;r Al^mJNlll r|i| A!9 AZINB. 



i9r 



rheir race shall flourish — tower sublime — 
Nor fade, but in the wreck of Time I 

[f, proudly eminent, the name 

Of DRUNswicK, on the roll of fame 

Shine fdrth — with what resplendent light 

rfae T]tiKt> Great Oeorge overwhelms the sight ! 

His was the reigtj of wonders ! ae. 

Midst crouchitig Princes still was free ! 

Eis throne a people's love upheld, 

P\^hilst recreant nations round rebelled ! 

knd whilst beneath a tyrant's ftown 

Ihe sovereigns of the earth sank down, 

pis Ijsland SQep(^e firmer grew, 

Aiod proved his subjects' homage true ! 

Y«s ! true that homage was and warm — 

It braved the fiercest wintry storm 

That ever round a monarch's bed 

Its dark and midnight fury shed 1 

The wreath that circles George's brow 

Rewards that pious Monarch now ; — 

like Abdiei* alone he stood, 

For George the Third, was GeoBjGe. the Good." 

Emanuel Swedenborg, a somewhat celebrated 
ligious enthusiast* or rather monomaniac, 
fus bom at Stockholm on the 29th of January, 
Jft8 or 1689. He was educated under the 
ije.of his father. Bishop of West Gothland, 

the doctrines of Lutheranism, About the 
^ 1743, he conceived a belief that he was 
Imitted to an intercourse with the world of 
^ts, and this belief he retained till his death, 
liich occurred in 1772. It w^as upon this 
^ef that he became the founder of a sect 
ailed the New Jerusalem Church. Swedenborg 
iifl a man of great talent and acquirements, and 
erfectly sane upon all other points. 

Charles Rollin, an eminent French historian 
nd writer on the belles lettres, was bom at 
Vis, on the 30th of January, 178 years ago. 
U died in 1741, at the age of eighty. 

That most unfortunate of monarchs, Charles 
be First, was brought tQ the block through 
jie triumph of a remorseless and bloody fac- 
lon, on the 30th of January, 1649, exactly 
|iie hundred and ninety years ago. It was 
rem the celebrated three-faced portrait of his 
"lajesty, by Vandyke, that Bernini executed 
lis no less celebrated bust, .. When Bernini 
irst saw the portrait he, from the marked cha- 
pter of its aspect, pronounced the original to 
« " unfortunate." De Piles, in his Principles of 
.aiating, states that he saw a bust of Charles 
tte First in wax executed by a celebrated bhnd 
pulptor, of Cambassi, in Tuscany, and that the 
fkeness was very striking. As the sculptor 
jas suspected to be an impostor, the Duke of 
wacciano ohhged him to chisel the head in a 
?eUar, and he executed it with his accustomed 
success. Superstition and credulity have re- 
corded many strange stories as ominously 



I i 



relal^ag to -^ the &te .of OlaileB the Ficst. 
Amongst others. Carte, in his Life of the Duke 
of Ormonde, states, that when Bernini's bust ci 
hka was carried to the kixig's house at Chelsea, 
hjis majesty, with a train of nobility, went to 
take a view of it ; and that " as they were view- 
ing it, a hawk flew over their heads with a 
partridge in his claws, which he had wounded 
to death. Some of the partridge's blood fell 
on the neck of the statne, where it always 
remained without being wiped off." 

WiUiam Ashbumham, one of the ancestors of 
the present Earl of Ashbumham, was distin« 
guishedby hisloyalty andaffection to Charles, and 
was one of the first to take uparms infavourof his 
sovereign. John, his elder brother, was groom 
of the bed chamber to the unfortunate monarch 
— accompanied him in his flight — ^attended him 
to the scaffold — and received his headless tmnk 
from the block. In the chancel of the little 
village church of Ashbumham, almost con- 
tiguous to the family mansion, in Sussex, are 
preserved the shirt, stained with some drops of 
blood, in which Charles the First was beheaded; 
his watch, which he gave at the place of execu- 
tion, to Mr. John Ashbumham ; his white silk 
knit drawers ; and the sheet that was thrown 
over his body. These relics were bequeathed 
in 1743, by Bertram Ashbumham, Esq. to the 
clerk of the parish, and his successors for ever. 
The woman who has the care of the church 
states, that formerly they were open to the 
handling and minute inspection of visitors ; but 
that several years ago, some sacrilegious scoun- 
drel, in the tme John Bull spirit of the lowest 
class, contrived to steal the outward case of the 
watch; and since that period, they are seen 
only through the medium of a glass case. 

Doubts were for some time entertained re- 
specting the actual depository of the remains of 
Charles I. They were known to have been in- 
terred at Windsor ; but many considered them 
to have been removed : it was even said that 
they had been privately taken up, and buried 
under the gallows at Tyburn. In the year 
1817 or 1818, however, at the time that pre- 
parations were making for the interment of the 
Princess Charlotte at Windsor, all doubts were 
terminated by the discovery of the body of thfe 
decapitated monarch. The particulars relating 
to the discovery, and to the aj^eiCmtice of the 
corpse, were exceedingly curious ; but we have 
not room for their insertion. The vault was 
visited, and the corpse was inspected by the 
Prince Regent, afterwards George IV. Soon 
afterwards. Lord Byron disgraced himself by 
the publication, in one of the morning papers, 
of some atrocious verses — a base and assassin- 
like attempt, that will never be forgotten — 



iM 



fttfei A^t>i*[Ti l^A^e»Aztii^% 



'* On the Rofat Vhit i& tht tothbs t^kerein were 
depoBited'the Remains of King Henry VIII. And 
Charles /." These lines, infamous fts tb^y ^fe, 
are retained in the noble authoi^'s works. FVom 
tbe'pen of Mr. Downey (author ti Pt^AsiiPtes of 
the Naval Life and i%e Battle cf Trafdlyaf, 
liaval poems superior to any which have ap- 
peared since Falconer's Shiptoreck) a reply was 
administered, as an antidote to the poison which 
had been circulated by the titled lord. Here is 
the introductory portion of Mr. Do¥mey's 
lines : — 

" Here royal Charles to Rome a victim lies, 
His errors pitied by the good and wise ; 
Henry, who quenched the papal thunders, here, 
With all his faults, to Britain's fireedom dear ! 

** Lo I Death's dark mansion closed, the Prince 
retires 
In mournful musings from th' unconscious sires ; 
Yet sadly pleased that, 'mid the sacred gloomi 
Unhappy Charles was not refused a tomb ! 

'* Though all is still, in vain the vault we closer 
A titled vampyre breaks the dread repose : 
Press'd by no need, by no resentment fir*d, 
Urg'd by no party, by no faction hir*d, 
In callous apathy, unchecked by shame, 
To blot the' tablet of his sovereign's fame, 
He bids the charnel ope its marble jaws^ 
Again to light the regal dust he draws^ 
And coolly mixes, for his pois'nous scrawl, 
An idiot's slaverings with a cynic's gall." 

Ben Jonson, as he is familiarly called, the 
liiend and contemporary of Shakspeare, was 
bom oa the 31st of January, ld74. His works 
have within these few weeks been published by 
that enterprising young bookseller^ Moxon, in 
one large but exquisitely beautiful volume, with 
a life of the poet prefixed, from the pen of Barry 
Cornwall, otherwise Mr. Procter. 

Sir Ashton Lever, the collector of the me- 
morable Leverian Museum, will have been dead 
iifty-one years on Thursday next. In 1715 
the mtiseum, then deposited in Leicester Square, 
was disposed of by lottery. Mr. Parkinson, 
the winner, removed it to the buildii:^) now 
called the Rotunda, in Blackfriars Road. After 
it had been exhibited there some years, the 
whole was sold by auction. 

On Friday, the 1st of February, 231 years 
will have elapsed since the commencement of 
the New River> under the auspices of Sir Hugh 
Myddleton* who expended 500,000/. on the un- 
dertaking. 

Magna Ckarta, 
" Sir Robert Cotton, being one day at his tailor's, 
discovered that the man held in his hand, rieady to 
cut up formeasures, the original Magna Chart a, 
with ail its appendages of seals and signatures. He 
bought this singular curiosity for a trifle^ and re- 
covered in this manner what had long been given over 
for lost. 



THE SUICIDE SYSTEM. 



" If the frail body feels disordered pangs, 
Then drugs .medicinal can give us ease : 
The soulj no iEsculapian medicine can ciuv^ 
And 'tis the soul that ever must survive : 
Therefore, v^ho dies to ease a guilty soul. 
Flies like the moth, into a deadly BameT 

GBjfTLEMAM Sejonvt. 

SuicrnE has long since been disused as a msai 
of self ennoblement, and it is now akme pii(j 
tised under the fallacious idea, that by m 
means personal elise can be gained, and a 
eternal riddance of grievance accomplished. 

Self destruction may be divided into t^ 
classes: the "rapid" and the "slow;" (i 
more properly speaking, the direct and indired 

The dkect is the residt of impulse or pi 
meditation ; the indirect is certain in its cod 
sequence, although in its action it may nd 
immediately point out the end : the direct em 
braces death by poison,*drowning, &c. ; the inj 
direct, by driiudng and opi\im eating. 

A highly respectable and moral gentl 
who has gambled away his own monfejr, 
perhaps, some one's else, finds himself uj 
the point of starvation — a state in which 
wiU look so Very ugly before the' world, 
which he has moved as one of the lords of 
creation ; he, therefore, resolves on the emt 
way of eluding his ' vindictive ' creditors 
the sheers of his former acquaintance, hy ct 
ting off his existence, and does it with as mnc 
nonchalance as though there wei^ nothing bn 
a blank after death, and that the only up^ei 
santness he would have to undergo would be-j 
h&t of ceasing to live. He leaps tvith 
bound into eternity, without the simple can( 
of common inquiry — even of himself, whetMl 
the leap he is about to take \^dll ensiire ' 
V^^hat he desires. Most true, it vill, in 
sense of the word; the former acquaintanc 
which h6 so much dreaded, may not grin 
malignity on him ; the creditors, that he 
often dexterously eliided, may not be capable d 
exercising power against him; but th^oct 
of religion speak 6f tortures more terrible 
these, and far more enduring; for, althou^ 
the venial errors or crimes he may Jiave 
guilty of in this World, may carry with the 
their temporal punishment, yet the crime 
self-murder which be executes, will not hoIOj 
water at the high tribuiial. He is ail Ubbelia 
^vho is a suicide ; and I regret that it is * 
commonly the case with coroners' Junes, 
consider every man mad who murders himi 
And so he is, in one sense of the word : bat 
if ever crime is to be considered a syiiiptom »! 

kadne^s, how pillfiii it is that Qrema^ Wtfi 




THI ALDINB HAaAZXNlt 



in 



lined, or tiiat fieadii was gidUotbiBd. Set 
fm. the doQis of joor fnaaoB, and kt their 
(BiteB reoeife tlie treatment timt lunatica 
itarrti ask tbe pardoa of Heaven for in* 
■Buait^r to your conyicts, for thef are all 
iriog mad ! The nrardslrer is only mare mad 
bftntfae haxgiBr, and the pidL pocket ahowa 

rdight sjnqytoma of lunacy. The aberration 
mind disphiyed in Jonalilan W3d shoold 
ttved him £rom an ignominioiis d^th, 
Fatmtieroy and Thnrtdl knew not what 
did — ^they most have been bom mad.* 
it is not so — the swerving from innocence 
madness, tiiere can be no doubt : or it may, 
be a sign of incipient idiotcy: but, 
eless, when previous ciicumstances are 
when the tests of madness, which 
tequires no pfaysdan to tdl yon, are put, 
sanity is d^»rmined, it is madness in itself 
deckre that suicide is invaiiafaiy caused by 
as, but that it is performed under what I 
before said, the i<ka that ^bit evik under 
we labour wiU have no existence in the 
2 that ihe future either possesses no 
or tbat the life it oflFers will be nought but 

tness. 

should insult the brains of the greatest fool 

1 to pursue this subject forther : it is self- 

tent to all who bestow a moment's reflection 

;, that self-destruction possesses no one real 

, and entails upon its author a misery for 

there is no human means of judging the 



kit 



Bat few words will suffice for the indirect 

To rid himself of, peiiiaps a series of 

lUes, or it may be but melancholy — or im- 

lea more extended view of the case, em- 

lent in money affairs — ^the tavern, or 

Klrink at home soothes his heart-ache for a 

hour : his waking morning possesses the 

of the previous day multiplied ten-fold; 

same remedy is pursued ^ the efiects increase 

the defedts, end the defects vrith tiie 

ootafiision to a feimily, ruin to them 

him are consequences certain: the one 

is continued to the breaking up of 

ler: and he who, thinldng better days 

It eome, antidipated them by spending all 

had in whiit he vainly considered Would 

time, nnks while yet in the May of 



m\ 



* We do not perceive the justness of our correspon- 
'^s reasoning on this poiiit. Neither murder nor 
\uy is an act of insanity ; but no man whose mind 
a perfectly healthy slate ever takes away his own 
The act oitmcide is tiproof^ miomty ; and, upon 
principle, coroners* juries are justified, in nine 
jptt|Boes out of ten, if not in the whole ten, in re- 
pong the verdict of immity in cases odelf-murdert 
Editou ot TttE Almve yU»A%inu4 



his life intothe yellow leaf; with emaciation, his 
body's sign, his impaired intellect, his mind's 
survivor, with not so ioauch as half a soul for 
his (rod : he makes up no account with eter- 
nity, as he made up no account with man, and 
drunk, not with wine, but imbecility, without 
the power of uttering curses, or so much as the 
strength of mind to know that he is living, 
drops into the arms of death, and stands self^ 
crippled before his Judge. 

Let me draw the curtain before this horrible 
state of facts, and hope that these few words 
on suicide may save some who might have 
serious thoughts of adopting that remedy to 
elude present unhappiness> 

J. H. P. P. 



THE DYING BOY. 



»9 tie Amik&r of The Siege of Zaragoxa,** •*Ckade StaroOPe 
POgtimtkgi,** •* L^riemt foeme,** ^. , 

Oh ! MOTHER, those were happy davs, 
When through the green-grass fields I ran 

To catch the pretty butterflies, 
Before my morning tasks began. 

And, mother, it was a pleasant time^ 
When your boy the race was sure to win, 

On those smooth sands where the big blue wavas 
Came merrily, merrily rolling in. 

And pleasant, too, it was to feel 

The high wind blowing through my hair. 

While I dug the sand with my Hide spade, 
To find the erabs and sea shells there. 

Mother, this is a dull, dark place, 
Though people say it*s a fine gay tawn : 

There is no sunshine — and all the trees 
Look dying, for their leaves are brown. 

My face has now grown very pale. 
And very quick I draw my breath : 

I heard the doctor say to nui*se. 
That your little William is near death. « 

What did he mean ? and what ii death ? 

Is it the gate you told me of, 
That I must pass before I reach 

The sweet and happy home above, 

Where fether went ? Oh, do not cry ! 

One day when j/ou too seemed in pain, 
You said you longed to reach that gate, 

And see his kind, kind iaoe again. 

I 

Oh ! mother, mother — I must go 
To that darling home, so high and bright ; 

For HERE I can no longer breathe — 
Come to me there 1 — Good ni^t, good night ! 

L.a& 



0*) 



THE ALDD^E. magazine. 



BOOK OF THE WEEK. 



CHURCH AND STATE .♦ 

A NATIONAL religion has always appeared to us 
to be essential to the well-being of a State. 
K so, a general conformity with the national 
religion must be morally and politically as well 
as religiously desirable. So that the indepen- 
dence of each be secured, the more intimate 
the connexion between Church and State the 
greater must be the stability of both. By the 
independence of the Church, we mean, that she 
shoidd possess (as the Church of England does 
possess) revenues of her own, and not have to 
look to the State for the payment of her minis- 
ters, or for any pecuniary support whatsoever : 
by the independence of the State, that it should 
be free from all political influence or controul 
on the part of the Church. 

Great good was achieved in the first instance 
by rendering Christianity " part and parcel of 
the law of the land ;" and, fiom time to time, 
yet greater good has been effected by the main- 
tenance of that beautiful and eminently con- 
servative principle. Thus, in fact, the intimacy 
between Church and State has become so dose, 
that an offence against the one must inevitably 
be an offence against the other also. 

A national rehgion is essential to the well- 
b^ng of a community, from the protection 
which it affords, and from the advantages which 
it holds forth to the people. At the moment 
of his birth, every individual becomes a subject 
of the State in which he is bom, and amenable 
to the laws by which that State is governed ; 
nor has he the liberty, or the right, at any 
period of his hfe, or under any circumstances, 
to take arms against, or to cast off his alle- 
giance to the government of, that State. There 
is a natural and understood compact between 
the subject and the State ; and the duty and 
allegiance of the former entitle him to the pro- 
tection of the latter. 

In^like manner, the relations of duty and 
protection exist between the individusd and 
his national Chilrch ; and, were it not for tlie 
tolerant spirit of the Enghsh constitution, in 
Church and State, which wisely and liberally 
regards the worship of the heart as an affair of 
conscience — as an affair between the Creator 
and his creature — every individual of the Eng- 
lish community would, at thq. moment of his 
birth, become as strictly amenable to the re- 
ligious government of the Church as to the civil, 

* The State in its Relations with the Church. 
By W. E. Gladstone, Esq., Student of Christchurch, 
and M.P. for Newark, Second Edition. 8vo. 
Mutcay. 1839. 



moral, and political govemment of the 
But iidiilst, in the spirit of toleration* he 
wisely relieved from all conscientiouB 
of a religious nature, he is not released 
his duties to the Church in a civil sense. Go(v< 
ment has, from time to time, made various ooi 
cessions, and granted many relaxations 
Dissenters ; but still, as, in many respects, 
derive protection from the national Church, 
as they are all members of one great 
they are bound to her support. With 
arms, and willing heart, tiie Church exlei 
her protection to all ; and if all will not a^ 
themselves of her maternal care and affect 
it is not her fault : at the door of the dissid< 
be the evil. 

This, however, is too vast a question 
discussion in limits so narrow as ours . Ebppil] 
the Church, in its relations with the State, 
found a most able champion in Mr. Gladstoi 
to whose important work we should, soi 
weeks since, have directed the attention of 
readers, had not its fi.rst edition passed rape 
out of print. In consequence, it was 
within these few days that we were enabled 
obtain a copy. Mr. Gladstone's volume 
the following inscription : — 

"To 

THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD; 

tried, and not found wanting, 
through the vicissitudes of a thousand years; 
in the belief that she is providentially designed to bet 

fountain of blessings, 
spiritual, social, and intellectual, 
to this and to other countries, 
to the present and future times ; 
and in the hope that the temper of these x>ages 

be found, 
not alien from her own.*' | 

Mr. Gladstone has arranged his performance | 
in eight chapters, with the paragraphs in eady 
chapter numbered, and referred to in the coim 
tents; and the whole may be said to present %| 
most comprehensive view of, and elaborate ind 
quiry into, all the diiterent theories which haWiJ 
been advanced upon the connexion between tb^i 
Church and the State. His arguments are I 
sound, and conclusive : to us, had we requireC 
conviction on the subject, they would haviij 
proved convincing. And by many, perhaps* { 
they may be deemed the more important, aa 
coming from the pen of a layman. 

To follow Mr. Gladstone in his details is; 
infinitely beyond our scope : two passages wiQ] 
suffice to indicate his feeling : — J 

'* While we have our own peculiar dangers, thcfi^ 
are other countries much faither advanced in ths 
separation of religion from government. In America 
it may be less surprising, where the state rests on the 
dogma of equality, that no cteed sliould be preferred* 
It is invidious to allude to resoks; but neither the 



: THE ALDINB: MAGAZINE. 



141 



|ood Deig&bomrhood of the United States to those 
|bom they touch on the northern frontiers; nor the 
littteDoe and extension of slavery; nor the state of 
||ir and opinioa respecting it; nor the sentiment 
ied in the north towards the black and 
oied race ; nor the general tone of opinion on 
ions subjects in society; nor the state and extent 
religious institutions, under circumstances of great 
ity; induce us to regret that England does not 
low the ecclesiastical principles of the western 
lent It is, on the other band, more astonish- 
tbat, under the political despotism of Prussia, 
state should have entered into the most un- 
iiTOcal alliance with different and hostile corn- 
ions; but it is yet further remarkable that in 
ice, where the almost incalculable majority are 
one communion, and that communion Roman 
»lic, the principle of national religion has been 
intially surrendered, and the state joins hands with 
creeds alike-^ marked and memorable result of 
first revolution. 
** 38. In England we have not proceeded so fer. 
^eseem still to have ground which is defensible, and 
icfa is worth defending ; we are cursed with re- 
divisions ; we are grievously sinned in eccle- 
ical abuses ; the church is greatly crippled by the 
ie in respect of her government : she is denied the 
I of ministering to the people where they most 
it; yet with all this, and with political in- 
itioDS in reality very much more p<)pular than 
of France, to say nothing of Prussia, our 
intry seems to promise at least a more organised, 
ioos, and determined resistance to the efforts 
li national religion, as well as to the general 
Hndples of democracy, than any other country 
^ich is prominent upon the great stage of the 
liied world. We have, therefore, no cause to be 
led of the reformation of religion on account of 
apparent connection in which it may seem to 
id with spurious and counterfeit principles ; but. 
the contrary, with our Bibles in our hands, we, 
fall ranks, may yet render thanks for it to God, and 
11 declare it the blessed reformation .'' 

Again: — 

48. But the point upon which we have to fix our 
HioQ is this. There is a strong disposition to 
row the principle of an established church; 
therein ultimately to deny that religion is the 
t sanction of civil society. There is a contem- 
eous disposition among us, entertained almost 
closively by the very same persons, to substitute an 
li^ersal education or general culture at the expense 
the state for the universal spiritual culture by the 
lorch. The former is to be the substitute for the 
It is intended fundamentally to change the 
Jocture of society ; and the one thing needful for its 
Wl-being is to be this general culture. Tlie mark 
tyranny is upon it even while the theory is young : 
B to be compu1sory7 This, I suppose, is thought 
* only way in which the energies of the church can 
effectually quelled. But what insanity is this 
Hiring at a moral Babel which will not only con- 
J*nd but crush and grind into the very dust its 
™«8l It is a more fatal repetition of an old ex- 
f*i"Mnt, to the failure of which there is not one of 
^ who is not too able, if be be but willing, to bear 




LITERARY PROPERTY.— FRENCH 
COPYRIGHT BILL. 

As it is more than probable, tbat some. 8ac- 
cedaneum for Mr. Sergeant Talfourd'is blander^ 
ing and imqaitous Copyright 'KU, deservedly 
thrown out in the last Session of Parliionent; 
will be introduced in the course of the ap- 
proaching Session, we avail ourselves of ati 
opportunity to insert the following, as the 
substance of a Bill which has been'siibinittecl 
to the French Legislature, by the Grovemaienty 
for the better security of literary property. It 
appears to have been drawn up aher the opinions 
of the principal literati and artists of Pans had 
been taken on the subject. It wiU be found 
well entitled to the consideration of our own 
Authors, Artists, and Publishers. 

.Rights of Authors, The exclusive right of publish- 
ing a work, or of authorising its publication by typo- 
graphy, or any other means, is secured to the author 
for life. 

After the Author's death the exclusive right of pub- 
lishing, or authorising the publication of the work, 
shall subsist for 30 yeiirs to the profit of his widow 
or heirs. 

The proprietor by inheritance, or any other title of 
a posthumous work, shall have the exclusive right of 
publishing, or authorising the publication of it, during 
30 years, reckoning from the first edition of the work. 

The Author shall be enabled to cede the exclusive 
right of publishing his work, either for the whole time, 
or part of the time, provided by the foregoing articles. 

The exclusive right of the State to the works pub- 
lished by its commands and at its expense, shall Iast30 
years, reckoning from the whole publication of the work. 
The right of acadennes and other learned or literary 
bodies to the works published in their names ahd by 
their care, shall last 30 years, reckoning from &e pub- 
lication of the concluding volume, and reckoning from 
each volume as respects- collections of mgeraoirsupotr 
various subjects, or writings which are to form a col-* 
lection. The exclusive right of academies to the dio- 
tionaries published by them shall last 30 years, reckon- 
ing from the last edition. 

The editor of an anonymous work shall enjoy for 
30 years the exclusive right of publication. 

Dramatic Works, The dramatic works of living 
authors shall be performed on no theatre without the 
consent of the authors. Posthumous dramatic works 
shall not be performed without the consent of the 
proprietors. The right of those proprietoifs shall last 
30 years, reckoning from the first performance of the 
work. 

After the author*s decease, and in the absence of 
conventions entered into with him or his representa- 
tives, any lawfully established theatre may perform 
the piece on paying to his widow, heirs, or represen- 
tatives, a sum equal to that he received at the time of 
his death. The right to that sum shall last 30 years^ 
reckoning from the author*s death. As for the prints 
ing of dramatic works, the rights of the author and his 
representatives shall be regulated conformably to the 
first paragraphs of the present law. 

Produce of the Art of Drawing* The author of a 



u% 



TRB' ALSIMl MA'GAZIVE. 



drawing, picture, a work of sculpture, architecture, or 
any othec work of the same description, shidl alone 
have the right. c^ repTodudng or authorising the repro- 
ducing of it, by engraying, or in any other way. This 
right shall last during th^ author's whole life. After 
his death, his widow, heirs or representatives shall 
eqjoy it, eonformably to the profisions establithed in 
^e nirst paragraph pf this pres^tit lainr, 

. The loithora of the wotks just mentioned, or thehr 
representatives^ fPfiy cede the right secured to theiPi 
re^iningT^eyeith^le^s the property of the work ; )}ut| 
in 9ase the original worl^ be sold, the exclusive right 
of authorising the reproducing of it by engraving or 
any other means, shall be transferred to the purchaser, 
if no 8tipuk|tidt) to the contmry exists. 

Musical Workt, The authors of musical works or 
their representatives shall, as regards the publication 
pf their worka, e^joy the rights established above foi 
literary property, apd, as regards tl^e ex^eutioo of tbest 
works in public places, t|ie rights ^taj^lished fcq* 
dramatic works. 

General Fravuions. Five copies of all works 
printed, eograveclt or litho|raphe4, shall be deposited, 
viz. : — One at the Home Department, to ascertain the 
id^ntiw where the work is counterfeited ; ope copy of 
printed works at theKoyal Library ; at the same esta- 
blishment shall be deposited a copy of musical works, 
and two proofe of engravings, lithographies and maps. 
The other copies depgsited sha^i b^ disseminated in 
public pstabiishments. The receipt given for the de- 
posit shall constitute the author or editor's title of pro- 
perty^ to be admitted to prosecute counterfeits \tk 
the Court of Justice. 

Peual Provisions. Whoever shall, to the prejudice 
of the rights secured by the present law to authors, 
their heirs, or representatives, kopwinffly publish, 
print, epgrave, or reproduce, the whole or part of 
Vrorks and- writings of any sqrt, drawings, paintings^ 
sculptures musical compositions, and other p|t)duc* 
tjons of mind or art, already published or not yet 
edited, shall be guilty of counter^i^ng. 

> AH counterfeiters shall be punished with the fine 
of lOOf* to S,000f. to be paid to the State, and shall, 
besides, be condemned to pay to the proprietor such 
damages as shall be decided by the Judge from the 
selling price of the original edition. If a work as yet 
inedited be in question, the damages shall be regulated 
after the selling price of work, of the same description. 
Should the same individual be guilty of as second 
counterfeit, he may be condemned to an imprisonment 
not exceeding one year. 

Whoever shall introduce into France copies of edi- 
tions coOnterfeited in foreign parts, of works publish- 
ed for the first tiipe in Fiance, shall be punished as is 
provided by the preceding paragraph. 

All works in French or in foreign languages pub- 
lished for the first time in foreign parts, shnll not, 
either during the author's life time, or after his death, 
before the expiration of a period fixed by treaties, 
be reprinted m France without the consent of the 
author or his representatives. All re-in^pression of 
Ae said works m violation of this prohibition shall 
be reputed counterfeit and punishea with the same 
penalties. This provision shall be exclusively 
applied towards States which shall have secured the 
same guarantv lo works in the French or foreign lan- 
guages published for the fani time in France. ' 



Whoever shall kaowingly adl a coimlnrfeited 
shall be punished with afiDeef firom fid to 100 fr 
and ocmoemned to pay damages towaeds the anttei 
his lepreientativcs as above speoified. 

In the cases provided for by the preceding ai 
the counterfeit copies, plates, or moulds, shall bei 
fiscated. 

All violations of the present Ij^w shall be ear- 
ascertained by the King's law-officer., atid l^lj 
officers of the Customs, for works coming from " 
parts. 

Books in the French language, coming from feiei 
parts, shall be presented either fo^pimportatiop qc 
sit, only in the office specified by a Rpy^l Ordii 
All books ip the French langufige, the prop^r^ 
which is established in foreign parts, or wnich ' 
foreign editions of French works, no longer prif 
property, shall continue to epjpy the transit, and 
be adinitted tp importation on paying ^h^ 
duties, and on condition of producing a certi^cate^ 
their origin. 



SCRAPIANA. 

Apparent lari nantes in gurgite vasto. 

— f— ViBG. ! 

The Duchess (TAngoulime, 

j^fotwithstanding her strength of Qtind, assumiqij 
times even a masculine character, this unfoi 
Princess has generally been regar4ed as of a su} 
stitious turp. A singqlar and very cprious stateiBf 
some time since appeared respecting her. It is 
that when Louis XV III, popaipended her bravery 
haranguing th^ troops ^\ Bou|:de$ipx, dMring tl^e 
ful ^^ hundred days/^ and questioned hqr as to 
were her feelings whep sl^e placed her li& in fi 
imminent peril? she repUed, ^*Fear, j|ir% b^4 
part with them. I lyas not yet alone; ^d yf 
Majesty will remember, that 1 can die only in 
month so fatal to others of my famik^r 1 
remarkable reply had as remarkable an oi' 
Amongst others who were ever welcome at Hai 
during the period that Louis sojourned there, was 
Baron de Kolie. One day in particular, on visitj^ 
his royal friend, he vvas full of the fame of a 
Swedish astrologer, Mr. Thorwaldsen, a man shrewc 
suspected of being a spy in the pay of the Frei 
However, by numerous extraordinary representatioaJL 
he had fully succeeded in convincing tne credulo^ 
baron of the truth and infallibility of his skill, witli, 
reference to the future as well as to the past. Thai 
baron's narrative procured fpr the astrologer a stiQJ 
more illustrious visitant. The Duchess d'Angoul^M 
resolved to wait on him. In order to try his powei^ 
real or imaginary, to the utmost, she was disguisoP 
in the diess of an English artisan, and remain^! 
during the whole interview veiled and silent. E|[|[! 
companion presented him with the date of ^' 
duchess's birth, to the prccise^year, hour, and minut^iK; 
*' Ah !** said he, af^er a pause of some lepgth, '* t^ 
tennis-ball of fortune! A wife, yet not a motbflf« 
Always near ^ throne, yet doomed never to ascendi^ 
The daughter of kings, yet much more truly, tfij^ 
daughter of misfortune. I see before you restontiod 



ir 



5IIJB AI/DWR MAG^giNE. 



M4 



irthe^eim^ aB4 p»lai^ of y&np father^ ; ih» an 
potiiziog int^nral <M flight and degradation. Again 
pe banners of voyalty wave over you, and you 
JUnnce a step n^rer to a crown. But all is finally 
t in the gloom of despotism , flight, and exile, 
tt y^W live to be alone. Your last . determination 
;lbe, that of closing your days in a convent: — it 
he frustrated by death. Dread the Tiionlh of 
ty for it wiit be one to you of thp most un- 
ed for mortification and ricissitude. Welcome 
of January f for it will dismiss you, though by 
ha-^d of violence J to your repose and your reyvard." 

fiuonaparte*s Antipathies^ ffc. 

Boofiapaite oonld never endure the sight of a co' 
[fed woman, particularly one of a dark shade. A 
woman vras also one of his sovereign antipathies, 
rarely invited to his f<^tes or dinners females in a 
of pregnancy, to ^hose society he always evinced 
e most 4ecided repugnance, Politeness to the fair 
was not habitual to his character ; he was but littl^ 
flculat^ for th^ utterance of those soft nothings 
eitstetQ. ha^ familiarised, to female, ears, {lis 
pliments weie often of the most uncouth deaerip- 
. M one time he would say to a^ lady, '* Good 
i how re^ your airms are T' to another, 'f What 
abominable head-dress 1" (ffy "Wlw can have 
up your hair in that manner ?" or, ** How 
ed your dress is ! Do you never change it ? I have 
you in that at least twenty times.'* Spite of this 
iess, be. possfissed every requisite for forming 
in 2^^ language, of the world is termed a man of 
4e roawiers — ^with the exception of the will.^ — 



r/J' 




The Orleans Branch of the Bourbon Family. . 

Louis XIII,, King of France, was a son of Henry 
^, and had two sobs, the one of whom ascended 
throne as Louis XIV., and the other never gdt 
the jrank pf " Monsieur* » (the title given to the 
eidestbrother) : be wasthe fetber of t£e execrable 
eof Orleans (resent during Loujs XV.*s minority), 
vfaom louis Philip I. is the fourth descendant^ 
lilies, though borne cqilally by the younger and 
r blanches of the Bourbon race, are not a peculiar 
iteheoQ of that dynasty. The crown and mantle 
the f rench sovereigns have been decorated with 
aymbol ever since the time of Louis the Young, 
reigned in the twelfth century. The number 
t Wies borne on the' royal shield, &c. was ar- 
iMbaryand undefined, until Charles VI. reduced 
i<iieip to three, in the beginning of the fifteenth century. 

i 

The Name of Charles. 

France has no cause to congratulate herself on the 
aajority of her kings who have boine the name of 
jCbarles. Charles the Bald was a capuchin king, 
nd a visionary. Charles the Fat was possessed 
pa devil, and died a fool. Charles the Simple was 
4Mfthy of his name. Charles the handsome was the 
•emy of commerce, and travelled nowhere without a 
ttBWge fiill of relics. Charles the wise, in one; day 
duringthetimesof the Jacquerie,kiUed twenty thousand 
tfhii subjecu. Charles IX., the king of St. Bartho- 
lonew,as Mac Geiay tells us himself, shot his subjects 
vith hit fowling piece* Charles X ., late at Holy rood, 
Int now sleeping witii his ftithers, cvowni the series. 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS, &c. 

South Australia in 1837; in a Series of Letters: 
with a Postscript as to 1838. By Robert Gouger, 
Esq. 12 mo. Harvey and Darton. 
A CHEAP, compact, and very excellent little manual 
for the emigrant and settler. It is the production of 
an intelligent and experienced resident in Australia, 
possessing every requisite opportunity for observation., 
Qy this volume we are confirmed in our opinion, 
that so ^r as climate, comfort, independence, and the 
acquisition of property are concerned, the advantages 
of settling in South Australia, for either the labonmr 
OF the man of substance, are imitiensely beyond those' ^ 
ofthe United States. 



NECROLO/JY. 

Edmui\d Lodge, Esq., Norroy King at Arms, F.S.A,, 
&c., died on the sixteenth instant, at his house in. 
Bloon^sbury Square, in the seventy-ninth or eightieth 
year of bis age^ Mr. Lodge*s career iu literature viras 
long and honourable. Eight-and-forty years ago, be; 
published, in three quarto volumes, a work entitled 
'^ Illustrations of British History, Biography, and 
Manners in the reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., 
Mary, Elizabeth, and James I., from MSS. belong- 
ing to the families of Harwood, Talbot, and Cecil.-»- 
This was followed by the '< Biographical Illustra- 
tioqs'' which aocprapapy ^* Portraits by R. Holbein.** 
j^bove all, we are indebted to Mr. Iiodge for the adi 
mirably written biography which imparts athouss^nd-? 
fold val^e to Harding and Lepard*s splendid eoU 
leetiqn of national portraits known by the title of 
"Lodge's Portraits of the Most Illustrious Person- 
ages in Briti^ Hist(My." — Mr. Lodge died greatly- 
lamented by a numerous circle of firiends. 



LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC 
SQCIETIi;S. 

ROYAL INSTITUTIOK. 

On the evening of the 18th — ^the first weekly evening 
meeting of the fourteenth season of these social philoso- 
phical assemblies — Mr. Faraday delivered a highly inte- 
resting lecture on the gymnotus and torpedo. It was his 
object to introduce a general view of a certain condition' 
and power of matter in certain living knimals, which 
leads to the highest hopes. In all probability the physi- 
cal condition of nature in relation to animal life would' 
be made manifest'. He alluded not in the remotest de- 
gree to the principle of life, the immaterial, everlasting 
spirit, the sentient being. The nervous system he con- 
sidered a suboidinate influence, and any observation he 
might offer Vrould be exclusively upon material substance, 
only as cause and effect, arid in the true spirit of aa ex- 
perimental philosopher. Certain animslls are . highly 
electric, and possess a power to produce the same pheno- 
mena as an electrical machine or voltaic battery. The^ 
gymnotus and torpedo possess this power to an extraordi- 
nary degree, exciting commotions in the human system 
similar to those produced by the machine. But fishes 
are in direct opposition to it. They live in water, which 
is an excellent conductor, whilst the machine requires to 
be insulated, surrounded by dry air, a non-conducting 
body. We will not, however, follow Mr. Faraday 
through his experiments or his relations of those of 
Mattttci, Lmari, and others, in illustration of the identity 
ofthe electricity of the gymnotus and torpedawith that 



iU 



W ' 



Tiii6 ALt>rNSlB' I^AO-AZSITB. 



of jcommon electricity. These. fishes are stranprely. con- 
structed. The organs necessary to produce the shock 
occupy a large proportion of the torpedo. These organs 
are not necessary to the existence of the fish. On the 
contrary, were their connexion with the vital functions 
cut off, and these organs thrown out of use, the fish 
would still live and flourish, and be even more vivacious 
than when in its natural state. In the torpedo these 
organs and their necessary apparatus are very large in 
eomparison with the vital portions. In the gymnotus, or 
electrical eel, the converse disparity prevails. This 
wonder of physiology is increased by the knowledge that 
the nerves that run from the brain and spinal marrow to 
these electrical organs are enormous in nropKortion to 
those that supply the nervous influence to the vital parts. 
And as before said when these nerves are cut, the fish 
still lives and flourishes. By the consumption of the 
nei*vous influence by these organs the shock and other 
electrical effects are produced, the current flows from the 
anterior to the posterior portions of the eel, from above, 
below. And after the electrical power is developed in 
the fish in proportion to its strength from single or suc- 
cessive shocks, complete exhaustion ensues. The ex- 
pectations from future experiments are ■ to get back the 
nervous influence, a material substance, not the immate- 
rial sjnrit, by sending a current of electricity in a contrary 
cKrection to the natural flow in the fish, and thus recon- 
vert that power into nervous influence. — ^Two beautiful 
prepared specimens of the torpedo by Professor Grant 
excited great attention at the conclusion of this interest- 
ing and important lecture. 

ROTAL ASIATIC SOCIBTY. 

On Saturday, Prosessor Wilson, the Director of the 
Society, was in the chair. The first subject introduced 
was a letter from Mr. Goodhugh, in reference to the late 
communication of Lieutenant Welsted on the Hymaritic 
dialect and language of Job. A short biographical no- 
tice was next read from Dr. Royle on the late Dr. Rot- 
teler, who had been foe sixty years a Misaonary of the 
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in foreign 
parts, and who died at the advanced age of eighty-six 
years and six months, and who was engaged to the last in 
his great work, the Talmud and English Dictionary. He 
was highly distinguished as a botanist, and particularly 
for his researches into the Flora of Zanguebar, and in 
collecting information on the Medical Botany of the 
countiy, and he had been a large contributor to an Herb- 
arium, consisting of between 3,000 and 4,000 plants, 
which had lately been presented by the Church Mission- 
ary Society to King's College. Dr. Royle next read a 
communication from Mr. Solly, on the production of 
caoutchouc in India, as an abundant source, for it has 
recently been discovered in Assam, although the mode 
of preparation at present adopted is objectionable. Fresh 
experiments for improving tne sap were required, and 
the more obvious one seemed to be the necessity of 
washing it in India. Dr. Royle being called on by the 
Chairman, detailed the results of the inquiries that had 
been made by the Committee of Agriculture and Com- 
merce, with respect to the growth of American cotton in 
India. Several communications on the subject had been 
received, amongst which was one from Dr. Falconer, 
who stated that the upland Georgia cotton gave hopes 
that its introduction would be very advantageous. Mr, 
Malcolmson having written to the British Consul at 
Savannah upon the subject the latter had sent over a co- 
pious account of the mode of cultivation, with various 
^unples of the soil in which it is grown. A communica- 
tipn from Mr. Heath stated that the natives might be 
trusted in its cultivation, and that in the south of India 
the Bourbon cotton plant had superseded the indigenous 
varieties, of which there were two, one being annual and 
the other perennial. He also stated that the vicini^ of 



the' s6a-boKst wail Doly'as had been alleged, neoesssiy 
its successful' cultivation, as his own experience 
shown him that it could well be grown at a dastaoce 
150 miles in the interior, and every hope was given 
the introduction of the American varieties would sooi 
prove a great source of staple industry and weal^ ia on^ 
Eastern possessions. It was pointed out as very desin» 
ble that the staple should be sent over in a cleaner statei 
which could only be properly done by the hand. Tbtf 
results of the analysis of the soils were promised for ad' 
early occasion. 

MEDICO BOTANICAL SOCIETY. 
On Wednesday evening, Dr Sigmond, F.L.S. in tiie 
chair, the minutes of the anniversary meeting, held ot 
the previous Wednesday, were read, which annooncei 
that Earl Stanhope wa^ re*elected president, with tbe 
other officers. A paper w^s read on apoplexy, its caQaei| 
and treatment, by Dr. Hancock. The impropriety ofi 
bleeding in many apparent cases of apoplexy wai 
pointed out, as such symptoms were often referrible t^j 
diseases of the heart, and even to mere syncope, h 
connexion with the subject, Dr. Sigmond stated thatia* 
the generality of accident cases at hospitals, the practi^' 
of blood-letting was abolished, as one efRect of it was t^* 
destroy the power, whieh alone could produce reactioB.^ 
The next paper read was alto a communication fimn Dr.i 
Hancock on tbe ma'ize de Dos ^eses, a species of Indtas 
corn, indigenous in Venezuela, the Pamm, and otJier 
parts of South America, which ripens within two mootiiii 
after sowing the seed, so that three or four snccesiiiSj 
harvests may be obtained within the year. The attth«| 
gave it as his opinion that its cultivation might be intnH, 
duced into this country with advantage from the circum* ^ 
stance of its growing well in colder climates in the Pam*| 
pas. The grain was described as highly nutricions,' 
salubrious, and grateful to the taste, and it was considered* 
that it might form a useful addition to tfie staple foods^ 
this country, if proper attention were paid to its caltira- 
tion. . 



BOOKS JUST PUBLISHED. 

Lord Brougham's lUustTations of Paley's KatuxalTlieolonti 
2 vols. postSvo. 18s. cl...Doagla8 on the Philosophy of Utti 
Mind, 8vb. Qs. cl... Reports of tlie Meetliigr of the Christb^ 
Knowled^ Society, by 6. R. Clarke^ 8vq. fie. cL.. . MorebiNft^ 
Silurian System, 2 vols. 4to. 8 gs. sewed... Ma(daren*s Geologft* 
of Fife and the Lothians, l2mo. 7s.(Hl. cl...MitcheQ'sTliRr 
Expeditions into South Australia, 2 vols. 8vo. second editiov* 
4es. el.. . Percival's Sermons at the Chapel Rojral, 8vo. Ms. 6i* 
bds... Turner's Memoirs of Miss S. Broster, crown 8vo. 38. d 
. . Mamid's Botanic Garden, Vol. 7, large paper, 375. smalli SSfc 
bd8...Moseley on Nervous or Mental Complaints, scconAi 
edition, 8vo. 68. d... Cousin's Philosophical Essays, ismo. Ifc. 
sewed... Joulfroy's Philosophical Essays, l2mo. 2s. sewed... 
The Deluge, a Drama, by J. E. Reade, 8vo. 8s. 6d. d...C3ix>' 
ton's Hints to Mechanics on Self Education, fcp. 4s.cl...Slt- 
John Barrow's Life of Lord Anson, 8vo. I4s. cl.. . Robertaon't 
Franda's Reign of Terror, post 8vo. 10s. 6d. cl... A Portrait rf 
Geology, i2mo. 7s. cl...The Economy of Vegetation, ismcft* 
cl.. Hutchinson's Plain Discourses, 8vo. los. 6d. bds... Mat- 
thew's Emigration Fields, post. 8vo. 3s. 6d. cl...Foibes' Hfo- 
tory of Upper and Lower California, 8vo. 14s. cl.. .Jones's Trae 
Christian, fourth edition, fcp. 38. 6d. cl. .Story's Commen- 
taries on the Law of Bailments, edited by J. Charrodc, Sro. 
14S. bds.. . trior's Life of Burke, new edition, 8vo. 14s. d.. . Tbe 
Little Book of Knowledge, square, 3s. fid. half bound... Wal- 
lace's Uniyersal Calculator's Pocket Guide, 32mo. is. 6d. d... 
Legend and Romance, by Lieut. Johns, 3 vols, post 8to. 8^ 
bds... Statistics of tiie Colonies of the British Empire, by^M. 
Martin, royal 8vo. 42s. cl.. . Butler's Hand Book for Australian 
Emigrants. l8mo. 2s. 5d. cl.. . Life of Mansie Wanch, illustrated 
by 6. Cruiksbank, fcp. 8s. cl... Lights and Shadows of Scottisk 
Life, fcp. 6s. cl.. . The English School of Painting and Sculp- 
ture, 4 vols. 72s. cl.. . Victoria,«ew edition, l8mo. 3s. fid. sift.. 
Whitfield's Questions on the Gospels, l2mo. is. sewed... Mae- 
totoah's Key to Geology, 8vo. fid. 



LONDov : Printed by Joseph Masters, 33, Aldersgate Street* 
Published by Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. StationeiS' C<iai(> ^ 
and sold by all Booksellers and Newsveaulers. 



THE 



ALDINE MAGAZINE 



OF 



iStograpl^p^ BtWograpftp^ Cnttctsim^ anli tbe arts;. 



THE FATE OF LOUIS THE SEVENTEENTH. 



« He lives ! ! !" 



We cannot doubt that those of our readers 
who made themselves acquainted with our 
last Article on this subject have gone along 
with us in the conviction that Louis XVII. 
did not die in the Tour of the Temple ; and 
that the announcement of his death was a 
mere fabrication of his enemies to prevent 
the friends of the monarchy from rallying 
round their prince^ to hide the disgrace of 
the government occasioned by his flight, 
and to create discord among different sec- 
tions of the royalist party, many of whom 
would be disposed to give credence to their 
statement of his death in opposition to the 
declaration of those friends who had jeopard- 
ized their lives in effecting his escape. 

Who that is acquainted with the closing 
scene of the life of his august mother will 
not feel an interest in the fate of her son ? 
Who can read the cold description of the 
sad catastrophe which befel Marie-Antoi- 
nette, recorded by the pen of her enemies, 
and feel no emotion of sympathy awakened 
in his bosom towards her child, deprived 
alike of a father*s and mother's care, and 
given over to the oppressioa of their assas- 
sins? 

Let U9 read their record of her death. 

''Throughout the whole of her trial Marie- 
Antoinette preserved a calm and unruffled de- 
portment. During the first hours of her ex- 
amination she was seen to move her fingers on 
the arm of her chair as though she were playing 
on the forte-piano. 

''While she listened to the sentence of death 
pronomiced against her, no sign of emotion pas- 
sed upon her countenance, and she weilt forth 
from the hall of judgment without uttering a 
word. It was half-past four in the morning of 
the 16th of October, 1793. She was conducted 
back to the cell of the condemned in the prison 
of the Conci^rgerie. At five the ' Rappet' was 
beaten throughout all the Sections, and at seven 

VQL. U MARCH, 1839. 



aU the armed forces were on foot. Cannon 
were placed at the extremities of all the bridges, 
squares, and crossways, from the Palace to the 
Place de Revolution. At ten numerous patroles 
paraded the streets. At eleven Marie-Antoi- 
nette, widow of Capet, in an undress of white 
lace, was brought to the place of execution in 
the same manner as other criminals, accompa- 
nied by a Constitutional Priest, clothed as a lay- 
man, and escorted ,by numerous detachments of 
gensdarmes on horseback and on foot. 

" Marie- Antoinette, the whole length of the 
road, appeared to view with indifference the 
armed rorce, who, to the number of more than 
30,000 men, formed a double hedge in the streets 
through which she passed. Her countenance 
exhibited neither haughtiness nor cowardice; 
and she appeared insensible to the cries of Vive 
la Repubiiquef a bas la tyrannie! which she 
ceased not to hear throughout her passage. She 
spoke but Uttle to the confessor. Thetn-colored 
flags arrested her attention in the streets of Le 
Roule and St. Honors. She remarked also the 
inscriptions which occupied the fronts of the 
houses. When arrived at the Place de la Revolu- 
tion, she gave one look towards the Tuileries, and 
her countenance displayed signs of a lively emo- 
tion. 

" She immediately moimted the scaffold with 
considerable courage. At a quarter past twelve 
her head fell from the guillotine, and the execu- 
tioner shewed it to the people amidst protracted 
cries of Vive la Republique" 

More than five and forty years have rolled 
away since the tidings of this outrage on 
humanity reached the shores of England ; 
but the memory of it is fresh in many a 
feeling heart, and it stands out as a beacon 
in the annals of crime. 

Nor was France itself wholly destitute of 
noble spirits who felt anxious to avenge the 
father's and mother's wrongs by setting free 
their captive' son, that they .mi^kt1±iereafter 
place him on the throne of his ancestors. 

Among these were General Hoche, Gene- 



146 



THE FATE OF LOUIS THE SEVENTEENTH. 



ral Pichegni, Count Louis de Frott^, one of 
the Yend^an Generals, A([adame Josephine 
Beauhamois, M. Thorn; then called Le- 
sonde, M. Montmorin, and Madame Damas. 

Our readersmayrelyonthe accuracy of the 
particulars we are about to give, which have 
been obtained from authentic information. 

Josephine, being the intimate acquaint- 
ance and ckere amie of Barras, who was 
then the chief of the Directors, succeeded in 
prevailing on him to connive at the escape. 
It is clear from the History of France that 
Barras was a shrewd man, and one who 
was engaged in playing his own game, so 
that let what might happen, whether the 
Republic* stood or a Monarchy succeeded, 
he might hold a rank in the state. 

With this end in view, he acquiesced in 
the appointment of a friend and country- 
man of Josephine's to the office of Keeper 
of the Tower, and Laurenz was accordingly 
appointed, 30th July, 1794. Surrounded 
with Guards chosen from the Sections of 
Paris, Laurenz found it impossible to bring 
the child in safety out of the Tower. Oc- 
casionally, indeed, a Royalist friend took his 
turn as one of the Municipal Gxiards, and 
would have assisted in the escape. M. 
Montmorin was one of these devoted sen- 
tinels, and in an interview he had with the 
Prince he persuaded him to submit to the 
misery of being confined in the fourth story 
of the Tower, and to obey in every respect 
the injunctions of Laurenz. He was ac- 
cordingly taken thither in a state of uncon- 
sciousness, to prevent the discovery from any 
' accidental noise. Barras had consented 
that a dumb child should be substituted for 
the Prince, and therefore it was necessary 
that for some time previous to his being 
lodged in the fourth story he should assume 
a dumb child's part, which he did by the 
advice of Montmorin and Laurenz ; so 
that, when a really dumb child was put in 
his place, it was not a matter of surprize to 
the Municipal Ghiards, who attended in turn 
and occasionally came to his chamber, that 
he did not speak. It was Josephine who 
obtained this child from a family with whom 
she was acquainted, and the sister of the 
child is still living. This was effected in 
November, 1794. 

It was known to the Committee of Public 

* A Vabri^ de m conduite revolutionnaire il 
cachoit les vues polUiquet qui echapperent a se$ 
cgliegues /—GxhLJLis, Vol. X. 



Safety that the dumb child had been sub- 
stituted immediately after the concealment 
had been effected ; and it is even proba- 
ble that they, with the advice of Barras, 
ordered that another child should take the 
place of the Dauphin, when they beheved 
that he had escaped from the Temple. 
Fearing the censure of the populace, how- 
ever, they concealed the circumstance, and 
when, four months later, they substituted, 
with the consent of Barras, a sick and scrofu- 
lous child, it was done with a view to hasten 
its death, and then to publish to the world 
that the Dauphin had died. When Des- 
sault and Choppard incautiously made it 
known that the child whom they attended 
was not the Dauphin, they procured them 
to be poisoned, as stated in our last. 

By the death of this child an oppprtunity 
occurred of releasing the Dauphin from his 
confinement. He had been six months in 
a room filled with lumber at the top of the 
Tower, where he only occasionally saw 
Montmorin and Laurenz, who supplied him 
with a store of food from the Turret. A 
dose of narcotic medicine was given him, 
smd he was put into a coffin which had been 
contrived for the purpose, and carried out 
of the Tower, and the scrofulous child was 
buried at the foot of the stairs of the Tem- 
ple, where his remains were afterwards 
found. 

There are two witnesses still living who 
were concerned in the escape, and who took 
the Prince to the Hotel Mirabeau. He was 
subsequently taken by Montmorin, Count 
de Frott^, and M. Lesonde, into different 
parts of La Vendue, and kept concealed in 
the chateaus of the Royalists. He was 
there seen by the Marquise de Flair, and 
maiiy others who are still living. 

M. Lesonde, Jun. has declared that 
when he was in the chateau of his imde, 
in 1797, he saw his uncle arrive there one 
day in a caliche with a young boy aged 
about eleven or twelve years, with hair 
blonde and curling, and of a handsome 
figure; that his uncle caused him to be 
lodged in his own chamber, and in the day 
time never quitted him, and in speaking to 
him called him Monsieur Auguste. That 
after a stay of some weeks he went off in 
the night with this lovely child, and some 
days after came back alone, and his uncle 
then said to him, " thou hast had the honour 
of seeing the young Dauphin, saved from 
the Temple; keep thou the secret." M. 



THE FATE OF LOUIS THE SEVENTEENTH. 



147 



LescMkde was one of the confidential servants 
cfaoeen by the King, Louis XVL, to keep 
watch round the Temple. 

It appears, moreover, that a courier was 
aent express from the Vend^ean (Generals 
to His Excellency, M. Lavoye de Steiger, 
of Berne, the Swiss Ambassador, informing 
him that the young Prince had escaped from 
the prison, which he communicated to M. 
de Bremond, the private Secretary of the 
late King, and many others. 

His Excellency, M. Tongbouth, the 
Minister of Austria, was informed of it by a 
proixs verbale, formally drawn up and com- 
municated to that Court, and the document 
has been seen by a living witness in the 
cabinet of that Minister. 

While he was in La Vendue, Oeneral 
Gharette was permitted on one occasion to 
see the Dauphm. It was he that put forth 
the memorable proclamation we before 
noticed ; but he perished for his devoted- 
ness, and when the Insurrection there was 
temporarily suppressed, he was taken captive 
and shot, March 3, 1796. 

Count Louis de Frott^ also fell a victim 
to his lo3ralty. He had taken up arms in 
1799, to re-establish the Dauphin on the 
throne. Bonaparte pretended to parley with 
him concerning his restoration to the mon- 
archy, and decoyed him, under pretence of 
a 8«fe conduct, to Vemeuil, and he sur- 
rounded him with a pretended guard of 
honour, who, acting under the order of 
Bompaite, took him to a rising ground near 
that place, and there shot him in Feb. 1 800.* 
After the partial pacification of La Ven- 
d^i the Dauphin escaped into Italy, where 
he remained four years, and was secretly 
protected by the Pope. The place of his 
concealment having been discovered dufhig 
the occupation of Italy by the Revolutionary 
Army, he embarked in a vessel from Trieste, 
and set sail for England. And happy would 
it have been ior him if he had reached this 
land of freedom. But the ship was cap- 
tured, and he was taken prisoner, and con- 
fined in a French prison, and most cruelly 
treated. Here his face was p\mctured all 
over and a liquid was poured in, which 
caused violent eruptions, a plan which his 
persecutors thought would effectually pre- 

* The younger brother of this high-minded 
general was the principal actor in the escape of 
Sir Sydney Smith from the tower of the Temple, 
and afterwards served under him at Acres as a 
major in the British army. 



vent his being ever after identified. The 
scars of this horrible mutilation are still 
visible in his countenance. He quickly ex- 
changed this prison for another, which from 
the length of time occupied by the journey 
must have been an immense distance from 
the former prison. His eyes were bandaged 
so that he vma not acquainted with the 
country that he passed through. It appears 
that Josephine, who had become the wife of 
Napoleon Bonaparte the first Consul, still 
retained her affection for the royal child, and 
secretly, by the aid of Fouch6, who was 
then connected with the police of the king- 
dom ascertained the place of his imprison- 
ment in France, and obtained his release 
about the end of the year 1803. 

His retreat having been betrayed in 1804, 
he went tovrards Ettenheim, in Grermany, 
the residence of the Duke D'Enghien, but 
was arrested in the environs of Strasbourg. 
There he was again put into confinement, 
and subsequently taken forcibly a journey 
which lasted three days and nights, till he . 
was shut up in the dreadful dungeon of the 
Prison of Vincennes, near Paris, where he 
was confined in awful solitude and misery 
four years. Josephine, by the intercession 
of his frdthfiil friend, again interposed on 
his behalf, and he was liberated in 1809. 
After staying some time in concealment he 
went to Francfort on the Maine, where he 
arrived in the spring of 1809. Thence he 
went into Germany, and from thence to 
Dresden ; and after making a great cux;uit 
on account of the military occupation of 
that country, he reached the kingdom of 
Prussia, where he joined Major Schill, and 
was with him when his army was cut to 
pieces by the Westphalians. • In a subse- 
quent encounter with the French troops, his 
friend Montmorin was killed, and himself 
wounded so grievously as to be left in a state 
of unconsciousness. He was taken to the 
fortress of Wesel, and thence conveyed with 
other prisoners into the interior of Prance. 
He made his escape from the guard house 
in one of the small towns, and after a num- 
ber of vicissitudes he reached Berlin in 18 10. 

There, in order to earn a livelihood, he 
turned his attention to the business of a 
watchmaker. They who are acquainted 
with the fondness for mechanism which was 
possessed by his father will not be surprised 
that the son should have inherited the same 
talent, but rather be inchned to suppose 
that it was the very thing which would have 



148 



THE FATE OF LOUIS THE SEVENTEENTH. 



suggested iteelf to his niind. It is far from 
difficult to those who are of a mechanical 
turn to dissect or put together the various 
pieces composing the mechanism of a watch : 
many possess it intuitively; and a very short 
practice would enahle such a one to carry 
on the ordinary business, though in process 
of time he would improve his talent, and 
exhibit fully his ingenuity, which it appears 
that the Prince did on many occasions. 

In 1812 he was obliged to leave Berlin 
for Spandau, and in 1828 he left Spandau 
and went to Crossen. During his stay at 
these places he underwent many persecu- 
tions, and on one occasion an unjust im- 
prisonment for three years. In 1818 he 
was married; and in August, 1833, he 
again appeared in Paris. By an order of 
the Council of State, dated Aug. 2, 1836, 
and signed by Louis Philippe, he was sent 
out of France, and banished to England. 

We have now gone rapidly over the prin- 
cipal events of his life, and we would refer 
those who wish a fuller acquaintance with 
them to the ** Memoirs of the Dauphin," 
while we proceed to a review of those facts 
which led to his recognition. 

On his arrival in Paris, he lodged at the 
house of Madame Albouys, where he was 
foimd without money and without friends. 
He openly declared himself to be the son of 
Louis XVI. ; and his remarkable likeness 
to his father, and the frankness with which 
he^ answered the questions of the enquirers, 
won a favourable reception for his claim. 
He informed them that he was a citizen of 
Spandau, having been admitted to the right 
of citizenship by an order from the Prussian 
cabinet, which had, in his case, dispensed 
with the ordinary laws relating to municipal 
freedom, and caused a patent to be granted 
by themagistrate without the production of the 
regular documents certifying the family, place, 
and date of birth, condition, religion, and con- 
duct of the person admitted a citizen, which 
are strictly required by the law of that country. 
This, upon examination, they found to be 
the truth. He said he had left his wife and 
family at Crossen, whence he had fled to 
avoid great persecutions ; and he appealed 
for the truth of his statements to the ioiiabit- 
ants of Berlin, Spandau, Brandenburgh, and 
Crossen ; and he earnestly begged that he 
might be introduced to any of the old ser- 
vants of the king and queen who might be 
living, and capable of recognising his iden- 
tity. 



M. Geoffiroy, formerly Secretary de la 
Maison des Pages to Charles X., having 
visited the claimant, and being much struck 
with his resemblance to the Bourbon fBuooily, 
and the recital of his story, went to his 
friends M. and Madame Marco de St. Hi- 
laire, and represented the matter to them ; 
for they; had both been in the service of the 
royal family. Madame de St. Hilaire had 
subsequently been atiacMe to the Empress 
Josephine, and often heard from her that 
she had been instrumental in the escape of 
the Dauphin from different prisons, and that 
she believed him to be alive ; and they told 
M. Gteoffroy that Madame de Rambaud, 
who was the nurse of the Dauphin from his 
birth to the 10th of August, 1792, was still 
living at Paris. Furnished with a letter 
from Madame de St. Hilaire, M. Geoffiroy 
went to Madame de Rambaud, and prevailed 
on her to go and see him, which she had at 
first refused to do. Before setting out, she 
recalled to her mind all the circumstances 
which had reference to the person of the 
Dauphin : she remembered the principal 
features of his countenance, and the marks 
of his body ; she provided herself also with 
a little coat of blue silk, which the child had 
never worn but once at Versailles, and which 
differed from those which he wore at a later 
period at the Tuileries. With all these sou- 
venirs and these means of proof, Madame de 
Rambaud assured herself that the truth or 
the falsehood would not escape her. And 
it must be readily allowed that it would 
have been difficult for a poor Prussian to 
have extricated himself from a like exami- 
nation. M. Geoffi*oy was witness to the 
whole of the interview ; the important points 
of which are, 1st. That at the moment when 
thi^person recognised the name of Madame 
de Rambaud, this lady was struck with the 
resemblance which she found in him to the 
king and queen, and she recognised in him 
all the features of the child become a man. 
2ndly. She interrogated him on many 
points, and made him recount many recol- 
lections which were common to herself and 
the prince. 3rdly. Coming to the exami- 
nation of the signs on his body, she found 
on his neck, on his arm, and on his 
chest, those which were known to her in his 
infancy, and which were such as imposture 
could neither dream of nor succeed in imi- 
tating. 4thly . The claimant recognised the 
blue garment; and although to prove him 
Madame de Rambaud asked if he did not 



THE FATE OF LOUIS THE SEVENTEENTH. 



149 



recollect having worn it at the Tuileries, 
he persisted in replying that he had only 
worn it at Versailles, and on one day, which 
be described to her ; " for, added he, since 
the time when the court qoitted the palace 
to inhabit the Tuileries, / was clothed in 
mother and very different manner' — ^which 
was the exact truth. 

Marks so striking, and a memory so ex- 
act, were to Madame de Rambaud the in- 
imitable seal of the truth. She offered her 
house to the afflicted prince, who, delighted 
at a recognition so precious to himself, shed 
tears of joy. During the time which the 
piince lived at the house of this lady, far 
from shewing in his conduct, habits, or con- 
versation, anything which could excite in her 
the least doubt, every day, on the contrary, 
confirmed her more and more in her con- 
viction, by furnishing her with a thousand 
new circumstances, which he was not aware 
were so many new proofs which he was 
giving of his identity in the eyes of her who 
had 80 well known his infancy. In the jour- 
ney which Madame de Rambaud made sub- 
sequently to Prague, in 1834, to testify this 
truth to Madame (the Duchess of Angou- 
l^me), during a stay of several months in 
the bosom of the family of this unfortunate 
prince, she discovered in his children not 
only the features of the royal child, but also 
his habits and character, which she could 
not forget. 

In his turn came M. de Joly, formerly 
Minister of Justice, and the last who re- 
mained at his post on the 10th of August, 
1792. Although very old, M. de Joly was 
still one of the lights of the Parisian bar. 
He possessed peculiar means of recognising 
the son of his king. In order to attend the 
sitting of the 10^ of August, he hadipac- 
companied the august family, composed of 
the King, the Queen, Madame Elizabeth, 
the young Dauphin and his sister, who were 
placed in the Loge du Logographe, which 
was a sort of recess divided from the Hall 
by an iron railing. The royal family had 
been there many hours without any refresh- 
ment. The embarrassment of tjie queen 
was very great. She held her son upon her 
knees, not wishing to trust him to any one, 
and not daring to ask anything for him lest 
the food should be poisoned. The Minister 
of Justice, comprehending the thoughts of 
the Queen, quitted his place, went up to the 
Lodge, prayed her to confide in him, and 
offered to set before her in an adjoining 



apartment some food, for which he would 
be responsible. M. de Joly went himself to 
the restaurateur, and made him walk before 
him with a fowl and some rice, and some 
bread and wine. When the repast was 
prepared, Madame Elizabeth alone accom- 
panied the children. On this occasion a 
circumstance happened, which M. de Joly 
had treasured up in his memory, without 
committing it to any one, so that another 
.day it might furnish him with a test for the 
discovery of the truth. 

Having examined the physiognomy of 
this personage in every point of view, he 
interrogated him on several particulars with- 
out finding in his answers the least hesita- 
tion or contradiction, and was greatly shaken 
at the exactness of his recollections. 

He then came to that which, was to him 
the touchstone of the truth, and took him 
back to this famous sitting, when the Prince 
recounted to him from memory the history of 
the Loge du Logographe, and told him the 
exact tune when the iron railing was taken 
away. " I remember," said he, " that re- 
freshment was served to myself and my 
sister, with Madame Elizabeth, in an adjoin- 
ing room ; that there was a fowl and some 
rice, and bread and wine ; and I recollect 
that a minister, whose name I do not know, 
had caused it to be brought there ; and that, 
in order to dissipate all uneasiness, he tasted 
of everything first himself ; and when I 
.guessed at his motive, being hungry at the 
time, I caught hold of his right arm, when 
he was in the act of raising some food to his 
mouth, and said to him, ' Assez, ministre, 
assez r — ^That is enough, minister, enough!" 

The prince did not know that he was then 
speaking to this very minister. It is impos- 
sible to describe M. de Joly's surprise and 
delight at this recollection, which was the 
exact truth. But the Prince added also this 
circumstance. *' On descending the cha- 
teau of the Tuileries with this, minister, who 
gave me his hand (which was the fact) 
while we waited for my parents to descend 
in like manner, I amused myself with dis- 
persing with my feet a heap of the leaves of 
the horse-chestnut tree." M. de Joly had 
no remembrance of this infantine sport ; 
but he was struck with its coinciding with 
a recollection which he had preserved of a 
remark made by Louis XVI. on his arrival, 
respecting these same leaves — " What an 
inauspicious omen of my fate is this fall of 
leaves, so abundant and so premature," 



150 



THE FATE OF LOUIS THE SEVENTEENTH. 



M. de Joly is since dead, but he has left 
a solemn testamentary document, in which 
he has formally detailed the proof, and his 
conviction, of the identity of the Dauphin. 

M. St. Hilaire, who was Gentleman Usher 
in Ordinary to the King, and his lady, who 
was attached to the household of Madame 
Victoire, the king's aunt, had an interview 
with the prince, and recognised him from 
his features, and the minute details which 
he gave them of the events of his early life, 
and of the int^rieur of the palace of Ver- 
sailles, and the disposition of the rooms, 
pictures, and furniture, and the habits of the 
royal family, which were still fresh in his 
recollection. 

They went with him over the chilteau and 
the Trianon, in company with several other 
highly honourable persons. This would 
have been a rough triad for a poor Prussian- 
bom watchmaker, but to him it was a mat- 
ter of no anxious concern. He assigned to 
each locality its ancient destination, and 
pointed out many of the changes which had 
succeeded. 

One of the incidents which took place is 
so curious that we cannot re6*ain from men- 
tioning it. When he had arrived at the end 
of one suite of the apartments, as the com- 
pany were turning back to leave that part 
of the palace, he suddenly spoke to the at- 
tendant, and requested him to open a door 
at the end of the room. He was assured 
that it was a sham door, and that there was 
no exit. The prince persisted that there 
was a door there, affirming that it led into 
the billiard room of his father, which had 
two windows, with a particular aspect and 
view over the coimtry, which he described. 
The man, struck with his pertinacity, at 
length consented to try the fastenings, and 
at length opened the door, which to his 
amazement, and to the admiration of the 
company, actually led to the room he had so 
graphically described. The attendant said 
that for more than forty years it had not 
been opened, and he was so struck with the 
incident, that he proclaimed throughout 
Versailles that the Dauphin was come 
back. 

His recognition also by the (Domtesse de 
Falou, daughter of the Marquise de Soucy, 
who was under-govemess of the children of 
France, is very remarkable. 

Her mother had recalled to her memory 
that the young prince often played with her 
such and such a game, that he called her 



his Queen, and that he vnshed to marry her, 
and other things of that sort. 

Madame de Falou arrived incognita bdbre 
the prince, without divulging her name, 
telling him only that she had been an iufEmt 
companion of the young Dauphin, and add* 
ing. " if you are he whom you pretend to 
be, you ought to recogmse me.'* Protesting 
against tiie severity of tiiis exigency, he ex- 
amined her physiognomy awhile, and thought 
he found in it some traits of the pretty 
child whom he had loved so much. 

After a short moment of reflection, 
^* Must you not he" said he, colouring with 
emotion, " une demoiselle de Soucy /" Every 
one in the room was struck with amaze- 
ment. But this recognition did not suffice 
for Madame de Falou. " You ought" said 
she, "to recollect a game which you often 
used to play with me^ and what name you 
gave me in that game" The prince asked 
for a short delay, that he might call to mind 
the ^coUections of his infancy, and pro- 
mised an answer in twenty-four hours ; but 
scarcely had the lady retired, when, in the 
presence of the same witnesses, he struck 
his forehead with his hand, sa3dng, " Je 
m*en souviens" — I remember it ; and imme- 
diately he wrote his answer. Madame de 
Falou found it accord with the truth, and 
avowed it to be a most surprising fact. 

The circumstance by which M. le Che- 
valier de Bremond, the aged private secre- 
tary of the king, was enabled to identify the 
Dauphin, is every way remarkable. 

He had been honoured with the confi- 
dence of the king, and was always united in 
his labours with M. le Marquis de Monciel, 
Minister of the Interior, who died at his 
house in Switzerland about four years ago. 
The King had declared to them that he had 
deposited, in the presence of his son only, in 
a secret place in the Tuileries, a cassette, or 
iron box, containing jewels and valuable pa- 
pers relating to the principal conspirators of 
that time ; in order that his son might find 
there, some day, proper rules for his guid- 
ance, should he ever ascend the throne. 
This cassette, and the lock and key, were 
fabricated by the hand of the king himself. 

This secret, religiously kept by both the 
Marquis and M. de Bremond, had served to 
unmask all the pretenders who had been set 
up by the Government at different periods 
to pervert and nsake a mockery of the truth. 
Nor was it ever allowed to transpire that there 
was such a cassette hidden in the Tuileries. 



THE FATE OP LOUIS THE SEVENTEENTH. 



151 



But when the Duke of Normandy, think- 
ing that Louis Philippe would not deny him 
justice, asked of him a safe-conduct to go 
and take from the Tuileries the cassette 
which his father had put tliere in his pre- 
sence, and of which he had the key, 
the King of the French sent a verbal refu- 
sal of the request by his aide-de-camp, M. 
Le Comte de Labord. The prince published 
the letter which he had written, and it 
found its way to M. de Bremond, in Swit- 
zerland, to whom it came like a lightning 
flash, proving that Louis XVIL was yet 
alive. He instantly communicated his con- 
viction, and the prince took a journey into 
Switzerland, where he had a most affecting 
interview with this aged servant of his father, 
who thus made assurance doubly sure. He 
was very much overcome with the resem- 
blance he bore to his parents, and the dig- 
nity and nobleness of his deportment, bring- 
ing back as it did all the horrors and trou- 
bles of the past, and he burst into a flood of 
tears. 

Here we close the particulars relating to 
his identity, though we have been informed 
of many more very striking and extraor- 
dinary ones, all of which will, we trust, at 
no distant day be given to the world in their 
fullest particularity. 

Our readers will be no doubt curious to 
know how the King of the French dealt 
with this extraordinary personage. He suf- 
fered him for three years to go about collect- 
ing evidence of his identity unmolested, 
wHch he did in order to sustain his suit 
against the Duchess of Angoul^me, for a re- 
cognition of his civil rights. 

But no sooner was his suit began than 
Louis Philippe interposed and caused him to 
be placed in confinement by the police, with 
an intimation that he was to be sent out of 
the kingdom as a foreigner, and all the pa- 
pers they could find were seized by the 
gens d'armes, and taken away without an 
inventory or examination. Upon an appeal 
to the Council of State, without entering 
into the merits of the case, they dismissed 
his complaint, and an Ordinance was signed 
by Louis Philippe, dated 2nd of August, 
1836, confirming his banishment. After 
being seven weeks in custody, they placed 
him between two gens d'armes and conveyed 
him to Calais, where they had a steam-boat 
ready to transfer him to England. 

When he had left France, they thought 
it a convenient opportunity to accuse him 



of ** escroquerte" (fraudulent conduct,) by 
means of false titles and fedse qualities ; and 
made an accusation against him before the 
tribujial de premiere instance at Paris, falsely 
alleging that he was still " en 4tat de preven- 
tion,'* at Paris. The police then executed 
domiciliary visits on all the advocates and 
friends whom he had named in his Memoirs, 
and took away their papers ; at the same 
time examined Madame de Rambaud, M. 
and Madame de St. Hilaire, and many other 
honourable persons, in the hope of pervert- 
ing their testimony ; and also sent into 
Switzerland to examine M. de Bremond; 
but they were obliged to desist, and sup- 
pressed all the evidence (excepting that 
taken in Switzerland) upon which ho other 
verdict could have been returned than that 
of " Not Guilty r 

We do not see how any stronger proof 
can be given of the conviction of Louis 
Philippe and his ministers, that this was the 
real Duke of Normandy, than the conduct 
displayed on this occasion. By the laws of 
France he might have been punished as an 
impostor had he been so, whether he were 
a foreigner or not; and if he had been Prus- 
sian by origin, the council were bound to 
have sent him back again to Prussia. 

Let us in fairness examine some of the 
objections which have been raised to the 
credibility of the narrative. 

First, it has been asserted that M. Mont- 
morin died in the general massacre of 
Paris ; but we can find no satisfactory evi- 
dence of this. On the contrary, the sur- 
viving members of his family have declared, 
that he died in the' foreign war, which is 
corroborative of the account given by the 
prince ; and it was nothing uncommon in 
those dreadful days to receive the most cir- 
cumstantial accounts of the deaths of par- 
ties, who nevertheless did not fall victims to 
revolutionary rage. We need only mention 
the remarkable instance of M. Bertrand de 
Moleville. 

Others have alleged that the Tour du 
Temple had no fourth story, which would 
have been indeed fatal to the whole narra- 
tive. This assertion, if it do not betray 
malice, at least proves great ignorance, for 
01^ states distinctly (p. 95), Le quatri^ne 
etage n'etoit point occupi; a declaration de- 
cisive on the point. Besides, there are 
living witnesses who were well acquainted 
with the Tower, many years since destroyed, 
who could testify the fact. 



162 



THE FATE OF LOUIS THE SEVENTEENTH. 



The Chevalier de Grammont, who had 
himself been a prisoner, and others, who 
had shared the same fate, recognized the 
prince, chiefly by the minute details which 
he gave them of every chamber, door, win- 
dow, and article of furniture which it con- 
tained; the particulars of which are im- 
printed on his memory. 

Others, perhaps, with more show of reason, 
have affirmed that the history wants that 
confirmation of dates, names, and places, so 
desirable for the elucidation of the truth ; 
and we frankly confess that it would have 
given us greater pleasure in the perusal of 
the Memoirs, if it had possessed these mi- 
nutiae, some of which we have now sup- 
plied. 

Nevertheless, we think that when it is 
considered that the personal narrative of 
the prince was composed from memory, in 
a foreign country, under circiunstances the 
most disadvantageous, it might be expected 
that some passages should be obscure, from 
a deficiency of those links in the chain of 
the narrative, which, if they could have been 
supplied, would have imperceptibly carried 
the mind forward to the reception of the 
whole. 

Then, again, it must be borne in mind, 
that many names, places, and incidents 
were suppressed, because the work was not 
intended to reveal to his adversaries the 
proofs on which he relied, but was written 
in self-defence, pending the process before 
the tribunal of Paris. For the banishment 
of the prince did not of itself prevent the 
canying on of the process which he had 
begun, for the purpose of establishing his 
rights : but the cessation of the suit was 
effected by an illegal and tyrannical control 
exerted over his advocates, who were for- 
bidden to plead in the cause. 

But who can believe, others object, that 
Louis XVIII. would have succeeded to the 
crown, if his nephew had been living ? He 
had too much regard for his brother and his 
family, to have usurped a throne which did 
not belong to him. Alas ! there are too 
many instances in history to allow us to 
suppose such a case impossible ; and there 
is too much evidence in the instance before 
us, tending to shew that the desire of reign- 
ing was paramount in the mind of the Count 
of Provence. 
What can we understand from his secret cor- 
respondence with Robespierre, a wretch who 
declared in his last struggle for supremacy, 



that at his death certain'*' secrets would be 
disclosed, and added, — " Si lea mams per- 
fides qui dirigent la rage des assassins ne 
sont pas encore visible, je laisaerai au temps 
lesoin de lever le voile qui les couvre .•*' What 
are we to infer from the large pension which 
Louis XVIII. gave to this monster's sister? 

Far from enjoying the confidence of the 
King, the Count of Provence was looked 
upon as an accomplice in the revolution; 
and from the testimony of Louis XVI's pri- 
vate secretary, it appears that he feared him 
more than the republican conspirators. 

We learn from history, that in July, 
1792, the Counts of Proven9e and Artois 
had endeavoured to persuade Louis XVI. to 
make the former Regent of the Kingdom, 
and sign a declaration to that effect, under 
the pretext that they could then obtaui troops 
from Austria and Prussia, to put down the 
revolution. This was, in fact, giving up 
the monarchy to him. 

But these Courts were subsequently in- 
formed of the conspiracy of the Count 
of Provence, by memoirs addressed 1^ 
Louis XVI. to them, and sent by the Baron 
de Breteuil, who alone enjoyed the cod&- 
dence of the King. 

The conduct of Austria and Prussia to- 
wards the two brothers subsequently to the 
death of Louis XVI., and more particularly 
towards the Count of Provenpe (who did not 
negotiate with them as Louis XVIIL), 
tends to confirm the supposition that they 
were aware of his conduct towards his bra- 
ther, and of the escape of the Dauphin; 
for we find that 'Monsieur,' (Anquetil, 
vol. X. p. 327-8,) when he was obliged to 
leave Verona, where, after the alleged death 
of his nephew, he was treated with distrust 
and contempt, went to the army of Conde, 
on the Rhine, and wished to be admitted 
to a post in the army ; but the Court of 
Vienna refused it, neither would it allow 
him to remain in Germany, and he wan- 
dered from province to province, very un- 
like a recognized King of France, and was 
obliged finally to leave Saxony, by order of 
the Austrian Court, in January, 1799. 

Again, we find that he kept concealed 
from Austria the attempt he had made to 
gain over the army of Pichegru to the 
royalist side ; and when Pichegru (who it 
now appears was a friend of the Dauphin,) 
would have aided in the restoration of the 

* Anouktil, Vol. X. p. 137-8. 



THE FATE OF LOUIS THE SEVENTEENTH. 



153 



monardiy, Austria, not heang able to con- 
fide in the Coont of Proyence, refiijsed to 
second die defection of Pichegni; a mystery 
wHch tiie historian (Anquetil, vol. x. 293) 
says, time only can dear np. And we think 
time has cleared it np. The existence of 
the Dauphin is the key, and the only key to 
this and the other mysteries of the years 
which immediately succeeded the death of 
Louis XVI. To this we may add, that 
George III., from some secret motive, never 
treated Louis XVIII. with the consideration 
due to a legitimate monarch, or a Mthfiil 
brother. 

Others have said, that they cannot be- 
lieve that the Dauphin is alive, because if 
he were, his sister would admowledge him; 
but in this they betray ignorance of her sit- 
uation and her character, an ignorance of the 
hcts, and a stiU greater ignorance of human 
nature. They wonder that a person who 
is the wife of Louis the XlXth, as he 
strangely calls himself, and the daughter- 
in-law of the two kings, who are alleged to 
have been usurpers, should not have ob- 
tained their permission to acknowledge that 
they were so ; for she admitted to M. de 
St. Didier, that she could do nothing with- 
out the consent of the King (Charles X.) 
and the Dauphin (now called Louis XIX.), 
not even give him an interview. They for- 
get that she is a woman, whose sympathies 
are cold, and who was early brought up in 
the full belief that her brother was dead. 
They forget, too, that in most fsimilies, but 
above all, in the regal Bourbons, there ex- 
ists a pride, which will bear down all other 
considerations; and that to acknowledge 
the Dauphin, would be to admit that his 
wife, who was only a person of the middle 
nmk, is a princess, and his sons the heirs 
of the monarchy, and what would then be- 
come of the long cherished title of Henry V. ? 
Again, there are estates, and the possession 
of money, involved in the question. In 
fact, it is a war of regal dignity, old pre- 
judices, family pride, political dishonour, 
cherished expectations and self-interest, in 
fearful combination against the exuberance 
of nature. Who, then, cannot anticipate 
the issue ? 

But the Duchess has admitted that she 
had no certainty of the death of her brother, 
and we have proved the contrary. More- 
over, we are bold enough to say, that the 
Duchess herself is a witness for the Prince. 
It is a fioniliar sapng, that nature will out ; 
and in this case, amidst all the pretension of 



being satisfied of the death of her brother, 
and of the imposture of the claimant, na- 
ture has spoken, and though its voice be 
low, it is in our judgment decisive. 

A portrait of the alleged impostor was 
presented to her by M. de St. Didier. Did 
she scorn it ? Did she express dissatisfiac- 
tion and disgust, knowing that her brother 
had gone to the future world, and that it 
was but a mockery of her feelings ? No ! 
We care not for her words, what is her 
actum on such an interesting occasion ? 
She says, indeed, she sees no resemblance 
to her family; but that she has been in- 
formed that this person is extremely Uke a 
portrait of her mother. But what does she 
do? You would think, reader, that she 
gave back the portrait of this intriguer, and 
resented it as an affiront. Not so^she kept 
it, and she put it away carefully into the 
drawer of her writing-table, and there she 
preserves it stilL This one act of nature 
we set against a whole volimie of expedi- 
ency ; and we have a right to say, we care 
not for her words, since she ventured 
to deny the identity of Madame de Ram- 
baud, when she went expressly to see her, 
and she could have convinced herself with 
her own eyes ; for this was the expedient of 
a person who showed herself ready to sacri- 
fice the truth.* 

And now we will express our surprise, 
that an illustrious exile, bearing so many 
credentials of the truth of his title, should 
have been ^owed to dwell so long in this 
land, without an effort having been made by 
the French noblesse in England, to elucidate 
the truth of his claim. 

Is it a matter of no consequence to them, 
whether Louis XVII. exists ? Are they so 
engrossed with commerce, that all chivalrous 
spirit is extinct among them? Have the 
Counts and the barons of France been so 
changed into Bankers, agents de confiance, 
marchands de vin, purchasers of patents, 
and formers of Companies, that their loyalty 
is sunk in their love of making money? 
Their fathers would have died in defence of 
the Son of Louis Seize — ^but, say they, this 
is not his Son. 

Madame de Rambaud, M. and Madame 
de St. Hilaire, M. Geoffroy, M. de Bremond, 



* Madame de Rambaud, nee de Mottet, is, we 
understand, the first cousin of Lady Russell, 
wife of Sir Henry R. Bart., of Swallowfield, in 
Berkshire, and at the date of her journey to 
Prague was sixty-seven years of age. 

M 



164 



THE FATE OF LOUIS THE SEVENTEENTH. 



Madame Damas, M. de Grammont, M. de 
St. Didier, La Comtesse de Falou, M. de 
Joly, and the many old servants of the king 
and the queen, who we admit were most 
competent' to form a decision, are all de- 
ceivers or deceived. We insist that the 
Repuhlicans, villains as they were, told the 
truth, and he died in the Temple. Count 
de Frott^ is a liar ; Laurenz is a liar : he 
was not banished to Cayenne because he 
gloried in the deed. Madame Simon was 
a mad woman. General Charette was pro- 
perly shot, for he committed a fraud upon 
the world. The Dauphin had no signs at 
all upon his body, neither did he bear any 
likeness to his father and mother ; he had 
no peculiar mark on his chest, nor his throat, 
no sign on his thigh, no scar on his eye- 
brow inflicted by the serviette of Simon. All 
these things are a delusion. Alas ! better to 
say at once that Louis XVIL never was bom. 
Perhaps they fear the mock court of Louis 
XIX., or the multitudinous espionage of 
Louis Philippe. But in this land they are 
not subject to the yoke of the taskmaster ; 
they can meet in peace here, and adopt 
such measures as shall clear up the truUi, 
and they can insist on a redress of his griev^ 
ances if he be the Dauphin. It is a case in 
which one and all may inquire, see, and 
judge for themselves. And we say, by not 
doing so they disgrace their coimtry and 
throw scorn upon their titles. 

They ought to rejoice to have an oppor- 
tunity of shewing their sympathy towards a 
king in his adversity, and pouring out their 
affections and their treasures in supporting 
the legitimacy they are sworn to defend. If 
they cannot give him back his throne, they 
may restore him to his princely rank, and 
that appanage which belongs to a king's 
son, even if it were at the sacrifice of their 
own fortune. It is a shame to them as 
lovers of justice and respecters of truth, as 
patriots and as men, above all as French- 
men, who derive their rank from his ances- 
tors, and their hope as royal legitimatists 
from the restoration of his line, to allow his 
cause to be suppressed, himself banished, 
and his family dependant on the precarious 
subsistence of a few devoted friends. We 
should like to see every Frenchman in the 
land arouse himself, and require an investi- 
gation of the matter. Let them ask of the 
Prince that a Court of Inquiry should be in- 
stituted from among themselves. Let them 
ask for his proofs and his witnesses, and 
resolve to act as becomes them if they be 



convinced. He has courted an investigation, 
and could only await with complacency the 
result, knowing that it would be no other 
than a conviction that he is the veritable 
orphan of the Temple. 

Then, indeed, may Louis Philippe yet Hve 
to regret the day he signed the " Ordon- 
nance" for his expulsion into Britain. 

He may choose to imitate the conduct of 
his father, but let him remember his pimish- 
ment. Philippe Egalit6 was a regicide, yea 
the loudest in the National Convention m 
crying out for the blood of his Sovereign ; 
** Je vote la mort," He himself has conspired 
against. the brother, and succeeded to the 
throne which he abdicated ; and now he 
would make himself an accomplice in his 
father's guilt by the exile of the son of that 
King whom his father murdered. 

Providence avenged the blood of Louis 
Seize, and Philippe Egalit^ went to the 
scaffold. 

When the Duke of Normandy left the 
Pier of Calais, he bowed to the Prefect, and 
thanked him for his attention, and turning 
to the spectators, we are told, he said aloud 
to them, ** Au revoir. Messieurs, Je revien- 
drai" 

Whether this prophetic speech shall be 
accomplished, we know not ; but of this we 
feel assured, that though General Hoche 
was poisoned that the great secret entrusted 
to him might not be revealed, (Anquetil, 
Vol. X. 37 1 ,) — though General Pichegru was 
strangled in the Fower by the order of 
Bonaparte for his affection to legitimacy — 
though Count de Frott^ was treacherously 
shot by order of the same t3nrant for his 
devotedness to the Dauphin — -though Jose- 
phine died by poison lest she should dis- 
close the truth at the very time when its 
disclosure was most needed — ^their blood, 
and the blood of Charette, Count Valdez, 
Dessault, Choppard, and hundreds of others 
who were friendly to the cause of the Dau- 
phin, yea the blood of the Prince himself 
spilt by the assassin testifies to tibe truth, 
and cries aloud for retribution. 

Already are thick storms gathering round 
the head of Louis Philippe — already is the 
nation preparing its own chastisement ; and 
whatever may be his fate, and the fate of 
those beings who have more or less aided in 
the persecution of the Dauphin and the sup- 
pression of the truth, of this we rest satis- 
fied, that there is no surer maxim in the 
divine economy than this, " they that take 
the sword, shall perish with the sword" 



THE POET'S PROPHECY. 

BY MISS PARDOE. 



They stood together on the hauntederound^ 
Bich with Boccaccio's memory. 'IVas a day 

When all was blue and beautiful around. 
And the rich sun-light fell in many a ray 

On tree and stream ; while insects, birds, and 

Decs, 

Awoke the air with nature's melodies. 

They stood together — One, a Poet,* full 
Gil noble fancy, and of glowing thought ; 

Whose soul responded to the beautiful. 
Whose heart with tenderness and love was 
fraught: 

Imagination's child ! upon whose head 

The wreath of mighty minstrelsy was shed. 

They stood tt^ther — He, the son of song. 
Beside another proudly-gifted one,t 

Whose wondrous art comd skilfully prolong 
The forms of grace and beauty — who had 
known 

Nature in her most glorious works ; and wrought 

Bright shapes, engendered by his lofty thou^t. 

Companions meet for such a scene and hour ! 

Each imaged his own beauty, as he stood. 
And mused, upon the poetry and power 

Which peopled every dell, and hanging wood 
With delicate fancies ; while the voice of fame 
Linked the fair prospect with Boccaccio's name. 

T hey stood awhile in silence — in the crowd. 
Where man contends with man, words must 
have way; 

FoUy and Falsehood will alike be loud. 
And Pleasure's torch flash back a double day : 

But the world was not here — ^and it was bliss 

To muse in silence 'mid a scene like this. 

And then they spoke ! words less of sound than 
soul; 
Their mighty spirits grappling with high 
themes 
And memories ; which, awhile beyond controul. 
Lit up aU nature with their fervid gleams ; 



tBr 



H , Esq. 

W , jun., Esq. 



While each from each in generous rapture caught. 
What one had pour'd in song, and one had 
wrought. 

What was the world to them? Its coil and care. 

And vanities, and vices ? They had made 
A planet of their own, where all was fair. 
And over which bright beams of splendour 
play'd; 
A foretaste of the hillo, that would be 
Wreathed round their own high brows immor- 
taUy! 

About them aU was brightness— earth and sky 
Bathed in a flood of glory; not a thmg 

But seemed replete with light — when lo ! the eye 
Of the 'rapt poet saw towards them wing 

A butterfly, — not in its beauty glad. 

But Nature's gaudiest insect, sable-clad. 

Nearer it came, and yet again more near. 
Until it rested on the sculptor's brow ; 

Folded its wings, unconscious of the fear 

Of a more common nature ; and crouched low 

And hngeringly upon its place of rest. 

As though it held itself a welcome guest. 

A wilding fire flashed from the poet's eye — 
He tore the bonnet from his lofty brow — 

Then raised his glance to the far-reaching sky ; 
And as he yielded to his spirit's flow. 

Forth burst the instinctive feeling; — "Yes, I 
see. 

He cried, " Some dear and lost one visits me ! 

" Some mighty spirit which was not of earth. 
Hath passed away to its own angel-sphere — 

Some lofty one hath wearied of the dearth 
Of light and loveliness it suffered here — 

I recognise the warning, and the sign, 

'Tis the soul's symbol— Psyche! it was thine! — " 

They turned away in silence to the spot 

Where Florence rears her fair and queenly 
brow; 

Man, and man's vanities, they heeded not, 
A hoHer feeUng filled their bosoms now. 

And soon the withering tale of grief was said — 

" Europe is one long wail — Byron is dead/" 



SONG. 



I saw she was no longer fair. 

Her eye had lost its brightness. 
That age had paled her raven hair. 

With winter's wailing whiteness. 
I told her youth had past away. 

She signed, but not in sorrow : 
*' Ah, what is youth," she said, " a ray 

" Man loves from time to borrow." 

Youth is a lovely thing, I cried. 
It steps on morning flowers. 

Its thoughts are to fair earth allied. 
Its sunshine, woods, and showers. 



" True, true, but sunshine fadeth fast. 

Day-dawn, the mid-day, even ; 
There is no sunshine that can last. 

Save mine, whose Hght is Heav'n. 

" The light of age ne'er fades away. 

Though morning is its night ; 
Its night, bright prelude to a day 

Of all exultant light. 
" Age is man's zenith, as youth's prison. 

Whence looks He on the past. 
Then rises like a star new risen. 

To his heavenly home at last." h. c. d. 



LETTERS TO MY SON AT ROME, 



LETTER X. 



CONTINUED NOTICE OF THE ROBINSONS. 



Aldine Chambers, Paternoster Rowy London, Feb, 15, 1839. 



Agreeably to my promise, I will now, my 
dear Son, present you with the close of the 
Memoir of Mr. George Robinson, as drawn 
up by the late Mr. Nichols and Mr. A. 
Chalmers. 

" Still another trait of his character (ob- 
serve the writers) must not be forgotten. If, 
added to their concern with him as a pub- 
Usher, his authors obtained his friendship, 
no man could serve them with more active 
zeal in every emergency ; and although he had 
on some occasions the common fate of generous 
minds, that of bestowing his favours improperly, 
he never permitted such a circumstance to con- 
tract liis desire to serve those for whom he pro- 
fessed an attachment. Few men, probably, have 
been regretted by a more extensive acquaintance ; 
and it is as particularly noticeable in his history 
that, amidst the strictest attention to business, 
he was throughout the whole of his early life 
enabled, by a due division of time, to appro- 
priate more to social pleasure than many men 
coidd venture to do with impunity. For the 
social enjoyments of life, indeed, he was emi- 
nently qualified. He had improved the scanty 
education of a northern village by some reading, 
but principally by the company of Uterary men, 
and by a memory uncommonly tenacious. His 
own mind was shrewd, penetrating, and enriched 
by various experience. He had likewise a great 
share of wit and vivacity : many of his bon mots, 
which have been pretty extensively circulated 
among his friends, would do credit to men of the 
first reputation in this minor department of ge- 
nius. His sense of ridicule was remarkably 
strong; and few men excelled him in telling a 
story, of which he had a plentiful stock, and 
which he varied with circumstantial embellish- 
ments that were irresistibly laughable. Versed 
too ia the hterary and business history .of his 
time, his conversation was a rich fund of inform- 
ation, and his memory in dates and minuticB gave 
him an authority which made him be frequently 
consulted when points in dispute were to be ac- 
curately ascertained. Of late years he visited 
less abroad, but was seldom happy without the 
company of his friends at home, who found them- 
selves welcome to a well-spread table, without 
ceremony and without affectation. He imposed 
no conditions but those of punctuality to the hour 
of dinner ; and in that particular it is well known 
he never relaxed to persons of any rank or con- 
dition. Of him it may be truly said, no man dis- 
charged the duties of private me with more active 
zeal or more steady virtue. As a husband, a 



father, and a friend, he was warm and sincere^ 
affectionate and tender. These, however, are 
the common features of every worthy man's cha- 
racter ; but Mr. Robinson's death was felt and 
regretted on a broader and more pubtic ground 
— as a loss to the world of letters. 

" During the better half of the past century, 
Jacob Tonson and Andrew Millar were the best 
patrons of Uterature, a fact rendered unquestion- 
able by the valuable works produced under their 
fostering and genial hands. Their successors, 
the late Alderman Cadell, and Mr. Strahan, 
and his survivmg son, exceeded their predeces- 
sors in the spirit of enterprize, which led them, 
at great expense, to publish the works of the 
many celebrated writers that have ornamented 
the age in which they Uve. Mr. Robinson, stand- 
ing alone and unconnected, boldly rivalled these, 
the most powerful of his competitors ; and by 
his Uberahty to authors, his encouragement to 
engravers and other artists of the press, has con- 
siderably added to the sources of science and 
taste. 

''An excellent correspondent, who had the 
best means of knowing him intimately, adds^ 
our late worthy friend affords another instance 
of the benefits of industry and integrity in the 
establishment of the most important concerns of 
trade, and of the fairest fame. Such were some 
of the features of a character which will be long 
remembered by a very extensive circle of friends, 
and on which the writer of this article* could ex- 
patiate at greater length, were it necessary : to 
have said less woidd not have been respectful to 
his memory ; and to indulge the feelings of pri- 
vate friendship in more ample recollections be- 
comes the province of memory rather than of 
pubhc record. Mr. Robinson was seized with 
the illness which proved fatal on Monday, May 
25, while at a meeting of booksellers, at the 
accustomed place, , the Chapter Coffee House. 
From this he was obliged to retire hastily, and 
soon exhibited S5nnptoms of fever. This abated 
so far in the subsequent week as to give hopes of 
recovery. These hopes were particularly encou- 
raged even on the evening of June 5, preceding 
his death, when he became calm, took his medi- 
cine willingly, and seemed to all human appear- 
ance free from fever. These S3anptoms, how- 
ever, were fallacious ; the snares of death were 
wound around him, and at five on Saturday 



* I should imagine this person to be his con- 
stant friend and welcome guest, the late Alex- 
ander Chahners. 



LETTERS TO MY SON AT ROME. 



167 



morning he expired, June 6, 1801. He was in- 
terred on Thnnday, 11th, in the burying ground 
belonging to St. Faith's, in St. Paul's Church- 
yard. 

''The sons of both Messrs. George and John 
Robinson continued to carry on the book trade 
for some time ; but from a change of circum- 
stances, and of the times in which we live, were 
not enabled to advance themselves to any particu- 
lar celebrity or distinction beyond the usual oc- 
currences of trade; therefore, to dwell upon 
their good or ill fortune, or their private affiurs, 
would be -as indecorous as it is uimecessary. 

"The successors to his extensive business (as 
has l)een already stated) were his son and bro- 
ther, Greorge and John Robinson, men of the 
highest integrity, and great skill in their pro- 
fession. But the concern was so immensely 
large as to exceed their strength when the grand 
pilkr of the house was removed. Unlike, how- 
ever, to the chimencal speculators of the pesent 
age, they prudently submitted to an investigation 
of their afiBairs, and, unable to convert their 
stock of books into tangible property, were de- 
dared bankrupts ; a state from which they ra- 
pidly emerged with the highest credit to them- 
selves. Every creditor was paid in full ; many 
of them (where honour, not law, required it) 
with ample interest. 

" Mr. John Robinson, on beginning life anew, 
with a reputation much augmented bv his mis- 
fortunes, associated himseli with an old and in- 
timate friend, Mr. George Wilkie, as partner in 
a very considerable wholesale trade m Pater- 
noster Row. Both these gentlemen also died 
some years since." 

Mr. George Robinson, Jun. carried on 
the business for some time with his uncle 
John, and, as his biographer truly says, 
" His merits were accompanied by the most 
miassuming modesty; his good qualities 
were more solid than shining, more truly 
useful to himself and others than super- 
fidaDy glaring or idly ostentatious." He 
was a most steady and useful member of the 
establishment. Besides the misfortunes of 
the firm in trade, their exertions were baffled 
in a single night, by the destruction of a 
printing office, (by fire) in which they hap- 
pened to have property to an immense 
amount. Discouraged, but not daunted, 
they met this misfortune with firnmess, and 
for a long time struggled to free their vast 
afl^s from the embarrassments which it 
had occasioned; but finding their difficul- 
ties increase, they, as before observed, in- 
stead of involving themselves deeper, by 
the means of upholding a sinking credit, 
met the evil day with resolution, and sub- 
mitted their extensive concerns to an ordeal 
fiital to half the commercial world. The}'' 



were declared bankrupts ; but after patiently 
investigating every account, and punctually 
fulfilling every engagement, a considerable 
surplus rewarded their labour, and their 
credit gained strength from the shock, which 
a short time before had menaced its an- 
nihilation. The unremitting exertions of 
Mr. George Robinson, throughout the whole 
of these difficulties, perhaps shortened his 
life ; but he lived to see them crowned with 
success, and a comfortable provision made 
for those most dear to him. 

I often called upon liim when young in 
business. He was not only kind but par- 
tial to me — regretted an arrangement I had 
made with an eminent bookseller — asked 
me why I did not come and consult him 
— " Confound the fellow," said he, " he 
would rob a hen roost !" I frequently 
called at Mr. Robinson's country \illa, at 
Streatham, where he entertained his choice 
friends in a small old fashioned blue 
boarded, or shingled, as Jonathan would 
call it, farm house, with its gable end next 
the road, ornamented by one yew tree and 
a snug farm yard; but, alas, there are now no 
remains of either. 

Mr. John Robinson, the last surviving 
member of the old firm of George, Greorge, 
John, and James Robinson, died on the ^d 
of December, 1813, at Putney, in his sixty- 
first year, leaving a widow and two sons, 
John and Richard. Mr. John Robinson 
was a man of considerable ability, a lover of 
literature for its own sake, and of indefati- 
gable and laborious attention to business. I 
recoUect and often witnessed his anxiety and 
exertions at the head of not only an exten- 
sive, but really an unwieldy, wholesale busi- 
ness for upwards of twenty years, and at a 
period when the mmxber of hands employed 
were not half so numerous, nor the arrange- 
ments so complete as in the present day. 
And it is deeply to be deplored that the great 
care, anxiety, and labour, attendant on that 
and aimflar establishments, frequently pro- 
duced those ebulhtions and paroxysms of 
passion, which tended to shorten the lives of 
several amiable characters of the last half 
century. I could insert a painful catalogue 
indeed on this subject, and the effects they 
have produced ; but it were perhaps better 
that they should be forgotten, or only to ope- 
rate as a lesson to others. However, as there 
exists a better feeling and a better taste in 
this enhghtened day, I shall avoid the un- 
gracious task. Adieu. 



1 



WOMAN. 



c< 



My son is my son till he gets him a wife ; 

My daughter's my daughter all the rest of her life." 



It is an old observation, nevertheless a very 
true one» that ever since the days of Eve, 
who first blessed Adam's bower with her in- 
nocence and beauty, inspired him by her 
tenderness, and watched over him with 
affection. Woman has been the subject of 
our abuse and our adoration, of our ridicule 
and our attachment. This, it must be con- 
fessed, is very contradictory ; for why we 
should vituperate what we love can be known 
to those only whose judgments decide 
without consideration, and who act without 
reflection. For our parts, not being one of 
these " Elect," we have often revolved the 
aflair in our minds, and were generally as 
wise when we concluded our cogitations as 
when we commenced them. One thing 
appeared very clear : man was either a wil- 
ful fool, or something much worse, viz. a 
calumniator; or why should he abuse 
the dearest reality of his existence, or 
ridicule the living representatives of the 
richest visions of his soul ? For, whether 
he be a plain, sober, matter of feict man, or 
one of those whose " brain's in fine frenzy 
rolling," Woman ! sweet lovely Woman ! 
is the first and last in hie mind's eye — the 
paradise wherein are blooming all his hopes 
in present and in future. 

We have but one explanation of this ex- 
traordinary contradiction ; and an old say- 
ing vnll afford a better idea of our thoughts 
than any thing else — "The nearer the 
church, the nearer the Devil!" So, the 
more frequently we approach the most 
beautiful, and, I will add, the most blessed 
work of the creation, the oftener do our 
thoughts, by an infatuated circuity, and a 
negative influence, diverge into the abuse 
and neglect of the very object our hearts 
and knees were approaching only to adore. 
Perchance, too, they may possess a few 
qualities which we lords of the creation con- 
sider baneful, and a great annoyance ; and 
thus, as a good Christian, when he enters 
the house of prayer, thinks of the arch- 
enemy of mankind, do we also, when we 
contemplate lovely Woman, dwell on her 
detractions after all only to enhance her 
attractions ; for we aflirm they do enhance 



them, howsoever unwilling the " plucked 
cock of Plato" may be to allow it. For 
vice enhances virtue; ugliness, beauty; a 
barren scene, a fertile one ; so do the minor 
triflings and other little failings of Woman 
her other engaging qualifications. The 
very shadows of her soul are beautiful ; and 
it is through them that the lights become 
doubly so. Her faults are but as it veil to 
her perfections, without which we should 
be too frequently dazzled, if not cloyed. 
Death and the Sun are not to be stared out 
of countenance, no more should modesty. 
Under all circumstances Man may be 
ashamed of himself; and the sooner he 
transfers his abuse from Woman to his 
own sex the better. 

It is our intention to point out a few of 
the frivolous attacks and most general de- 
clamations against Woman, this jewel on 
the breast of man, and to fling back the 
scurrility of mankind with the disdain it so 
well merits. It is not our aim to rake to- 
gether what authors may have written either 
in praise or dispraise of this " Light of the 
World," or we might make our readers 
laugh at old Montaigne's assertions, " that 
there is no instance that this sex ever yet 
attained to perfection in friendship, and bj 
the ancient schools it is denied they ever 
can ;" and that ** Poetry is an amusement 
proper for their occasions, it being a wan- 
ton, witty, dissembling, and prattling ait, 
all pleasure, and all show like themselves." 
Our observations vnll be confined to every 
day practisings. 

It is a fact, too notorious to be denied, 
that the very creature who to day excites 
the flippancies of our tongues, against whom 
we exclaim as a virago, fickle, vain, incon- 
stant, and cold as the fleecy snow on the 
summit of the Jungfrau ; to morrow we take, 
as our good old Church says, ** for better, for 
worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and 
in health, to love and to cherish, till death us 
do part." Strange, that, after so solemn a 
ceremony, and which has continued for ages, 
(i.e. marriage;) of which the greater por- 
tion of the population of the earth is the 
effect, that Woman should be the only real 



WOMAN. 



159 



'* matabile genus ;" and yet worthy of being 
loved and cherished until death. Alas ! 
poor Man, for the sake of exhibiting thy 
wit, what dilemmas hast thou not fallen 
into ? Conscious that thou art pressing a 
poison-chalice to thy lips, thou continuest 
to do 80, fascinated by its witchery. Though 
philosophers have railed, their railings have 
been as vain as their searches after the 
Talismanic Stone; though worldly, time- 
serving men, have calculated the pounds, 
shilliiigs, and pence, and have vituperated 
those who have not worshipped the golden 
calf, they too have submitted to the sweet 
Syiens, and pounds, shillings, and pence, 
)ave sunk into Charybdis. In short, though 
abased by all, they have been beloved by all: 
fickle, they have been trusted; talkative, 
tiiey have been listened to ; jealous, they 
have been caressed: though general ridi- 
cole has been their portion, general love 
has been their dowry. One exception 
diouldbe made from those of our sex, whom 
we have accused of these transgressions — 
we mean the poets. As a body, they have 
imiversally bowed down and worshipped at 
the shrine of beauty; and although their 
language has often been in the extreme of 
extremes — though every epithet of adora- 
tion has been used — though their language 
has been mounted on stilts of so lofty a 
kind, that they would at times have better 
suited a Brobdignagian than one of us — yet 
their very exaggerations have been on the 
light side; "their very errors lean to 
beauty's side." It is true that one great 
poet has said that "treachery is all their 
trust ;" and the great Bard of Nature — ^he 
who held the wand of the world, both ex- 
ternal and internal — ^has exclaimed, 

" Could I find out 
The Wonum's part in me ! For there's no motion 
That tends to vice in man, but I a£Srm 
It is the Woman's part : — be it lying, note it. 
The Woman's ; flattering, hers; deceiving, hers; 
Ambitions, covetings, change of prides, disdain, 
Nice longings, slanders, mutabihty. 
All faults that may be named — ^nay, that Hell 



Why, hers, in part, or all," &c. 
But how frequently have both redeemed the 
ebullitions of their peevish moments — how 
numberless are the passages that might be 
adduced from Shakspeare to prove this. 
I^t one suffice : — 

"For, boy, however we do praise ourselves. 
Our fancies are more giday and unform. 
More longing, wavering, sooner lost and won 
Than Woman's are." 



The commonest diatribe against Wo- 
man is, ttint she is " fickle." It is so 
threadbare — so ancient — so dilapidated — 
that we are ashamed of naming it ; never* 
theless we must, since the world is not tired 
with the hacknied accusations. Not a 
school-boy but can rail at the fickleness of 
Woman. From the first moment almost 
that he learns to speak, his fancied wit- 
ticisms are levelled against the sex that gave 
him birth. As he increases in years, his 
ridicule increases, until the hoary age comes 
over him, and he finds his pourtner kind, 
constant, and affectionate as ever, fickle- 
ness ; we really do not comprehend its mean- 
ing in reference toWoman more than to Man. 
Forsooth, because the suimy smiles, the 
bewitching glances, the affectionate caress- 
ings, the clinging to a whisper or a foot- 
step, the timid tenderness and imahrinlfing 
fidelity, have their lights and shadows, have 
their periods of darkness, have the bright- 
ness of joy one moment, and the chilliness 
of reserve and melancholy the next. Wo- 
man is fickle ! We forget the numberless 
causes that Man gives her, and forces her 
to fold up her affection in her heart, as a 
flower folds its buds at the sun-set hour, 
when the power that kindled its beauties, 
and inspired its incense, has deserted it; 
but when he returns at mom with all his 
former fire, will it not unfold its blos- 
soms to welcome his caresses with glad- 
ness, until it droops and withers in his 
sight .^ And will not — does not — Wo- 
man forgive and forget as quiddy as she 
resents ? Does she not welcome with tears 
of bliss the return of him in whom she con- 
fided? Does she not watch over him in 
sickness, and mingle her weepings with his 
weepings ? Is she not the first to alleviate 
his sorrows and to participate in his wants ? 
Does she not cherish him until the hour of 
dissolution ? * Nevertheless, though Wo- 
man fulfils every affectionate duty to Man, 
she is still called fickle ; because, forsooth, 
constantly assailed by the insidious arts 
of our sex, she sometimes distrusts; or 
perchance, listening with apparent, though 
but courteous pleasure to his deceitful 
speeches, she at times puts in practice his 
own stratagems against him, believing, as 
he has taught her to believe, that language 
was given to us only to conceal our thoughts 
with. Oh ! she is fickle — a lovely personi- 
fication of duplicity — a creature of passion 
— a courtesan made up of fiedaehood. But, if 



160 



WOMAN. 



she is deceitful, art not thou, O Man, full 
of fraud, setting snares for her virtue ? 
And when she has become the victim of your 
arts, or has proved superior to them, you 
leave her in the one case like a coward and 
a villain, a bye word of scorn and contempt 
to the world ; and in the other, abuse her 
with your satire, and call her fickle ; when 
in eight cases out of ten, the word '* virtu- 
ous " would be the proper expression. 
Whence does this censoriousness arise ? 
From pride, and the worst species of pride, 
self-adoration ; mental conceit — ^that species 
of conceit that fortifies the head against the 
assaults of reason — petti-fogging personal 
worship, and self-elected, and self-generated 
arrogance. 

^^"Nisi purgatum est pectus, qua proeha 

nobis 
Atque pericula tunc ingratis insinuandum ? 
Quants oonscindunt hominum cupidinis acres 
Sollicitum curse, quantique perinde timores? 
Quidve superbia, spurcities, petulantia, quantas 
Efficiunt clades, qmd luxus, aesidiesque ? 

Whether it be true or not that Woman 
is fickle, we will oppose to it her unques- 
tioned fidelity ; and if she is faithful, she 
cannot in a general sense merit the former 
opprobrium. The every day occurrences of 
this world testify how completely dependent 
is Man in the hour of distress upon " fickle'' 
Woman — he flies to her bosom as to a font 
of oblivion — in his mental abjectness he 
hurries to her, the sweet forgiving daughter 
of Paradise, for support, compassion, advice, 
and affection. In the midst of his bitterest 
trials there is that one beautifiil and bene- 
ficent earthly being to whom he bends in his 
agony, and almost blesses those sufferings 
that gave him such a benefactress. Then 
his abuse vanishes, and Woman, vain, fickle, 
babbhng Woman is the sovereign of his 
destiny — the obHviating ark of his wounded 
spirit. How numerous are the instances 
of Woman's fidelity ! How splendid are 
the examples ! Man shrinks into insignifi- 
cance when compared with Woman in her 
elevated and inspired moments. Her trial 
hour is an hour of triumph — ^it is the ex- 
altation of the tender sex far beyond the 
proudest periods of magnanimity in Man. 
Witness the conduct of Portia, wife of 
Brutus, her invincible fortitude, and uncon- 
querable attachment; call to mind the 
fidelity of Paulina, who would not survive 
her husband ; witness the heroic conduct of 
Agistrata ; think of Arria, the almost sub- 



lime Arria, and in her behold the ^gantic 
affection and fidelity of Woman when ne- 
cessity required it. Nay, contrast thine 
own sex, O great Cock of Plato, with hers, 
with that of Psetus her husband, who trem- 
bled to die until his wife, his heroic and 
faithful wife, offered him an example to save 
his honour. 

'* She brought to him his own bright brand. 

She bent a suppliant knee. 
And bade him with his own right hand. 

Die Freeman mid the Free. 
In vain — the Roman fire was cold 
Within the fallen Warrior's mould ; 
Then rose the Wife and Woman high, 
And died — to teach him how to die !" 

'' It is not painful Petus," &c. 

Let us reflect on these few ancient ex- 
amples of fidelity out of hundreds, without 
selecting modem ones, and oppose them 
to her fickleness, and we shall blush at 
our own abuse. 

It is singular that the more polished 
nations of antiquity felt less respect for Wo- 
man than the more barbarous ones did ; an 
exception to the generally received opinion, 
that civilization improves all the affections 
of the mind. The Greeks and Romans, 
particularly the former, held them in great 
disrespect, at least if we are to judge from 
outward and visible signs. Over their 
tombs, even, emblems were placed marking 
the laughable vanity of man. The bird of 
night — a pair of reins and a muzzle — ^might 
be seen over most Grrecian monuments; 
whilst the ancient Germans and Britons 
believeda(itt;mtVy resided in the female heart; 
proving at once their superiority in civiliza- 
tion on this point at least over their descen- 
dants, who generally fancy there is more 
of the devil than the deity. Even in mo- 
dem days a barbarous nation affords us an 
example of its high feelings and romantic 
respect forWoman,in opposition to ourselves, 
truly remarkable. From the Arab and 
Bedouin let us learn and profit. We are 
informed, that so great and so sacred is the 
respect of the Bedouin Arab for the fair sex, 
that the presence — the voice even — of a Wo- 
man can arrest the uplifted scymitar charged 
with death, and bid it fiedl hannless. Who- 
ever has committed a crime, even murder, 
is safe, if a Woman takes him under her 
protection ; and the right of pardoning is so 
completely established in favour of the sex, 
that in some tribes where they never ap- 
pear before Man, and in others where they 



ALPINE FLOWERS. 



161 



are occupied in their tents, if a criminal can 
escape to them he is safe. Although these 
feehngs are a little in the extreme, yet it is 
a most favourable illustration of character, 
and shows the Arabs to be a people highly 
romantic and sensitively alive to the excel- 
lencies of Woman — they love her without 
abuse and ridicule. Man of civilization, 
take example from the children of the desert! 

Another attack upon Woman is, that she 
is fond of fanning the air with her sweet 
breath, and blowing bubbles with the hsp- 
ings of her sweeter lips — ^in other words, of 
flirting ; an expression more common than 
understandable. For if it include condemna- 
tion, Man must come under the same lash. 
If flirting mean a light heart, a light lip, 
and a bright eye, may flirting long flourish. 
It is a period of innocence, sweet sunny 
smiles, and soft sunny glances, playfulness 
of mood, and sociability of mind, blithe com- 
panionship and merry manners ; — it is the 
ebuUition of a soul, too frank to be deceit- 
fill, too happy to be artificial, and too much 
impressed with the fulness of innocent en- 
joyment to be dishonest to the feelings, and 
alive only to selfish gratification, or a calcu- 
lating policy. Flirting, as we consider it, 
is a child of pure and unpremeditated de- 
light ; flying with a wing Hght as a butter- 
fly from flower to flower, extracting sweets 
like the bee, but canying no sting along 
with it — and where it does, it is an excep- 
tion to the general rule, or the excitement 
of disappointed hopes, or injured feelings. 

This accusation is generally coupled 
mth another : — '* Woman,** says the school- 
boy, " is such a talker !** and God forbid, 
thou satchel-bearing boy, she should be 
otherwise. But the fact is, the power of 
conversation is alone the gift of Woman. 
Man rarely possesses the faculty, and is, 
therefore, envious of a qualification he does 
not possess. Talking, as we understand 
the expression, is a gift, not an acquisition; 



that is, the peculiar conversational talent 
Woman possesses ; that lively flow of words, 
fiill of spirit, wit, and ncuveti ; and if at 
times abounding with the mere lustre of moon- 
shine, who can object to it ? for moon-light 
is a sweet time, particularly with Woman ! 
It is in truth, an attribute of the creature, 
and not the effect of art ; cultivation may 
improve, but cannot create it. What DeliUe 
says of the art of writing, may be apphed 
to a Woman*s conversational talents : "Dans 
Vart d*int&es8er constate Vart d*4cr%re. 
But we are afraid we are growing tedious. 
We had a considerable deal more to add, 
which for the present we will defer. We 
were about to expatiate on Woman*s un- 
ceasing emplo3rments and accomplishments — 
on her steadfE^st afixections— on her generous 
and charitable disposition — on her patient 
submission to the morose and ungallant 
attacks of the other sex ; and lastly, on her 
toils, trials, and troubles, in rearing the 
very creature who is to rise into manhood 
only to make her sex a target for his wit ; 
and exclaim — "and aroynt thee Witch — 
aro3mt thee !" 

There is something shocking in the idea, 
that she who bears us — who watches over 
us in our helpless infancy — who clings to 
us through life, and would sacrifice her 
safety for our safety, should be suckling a 
serpent, or something rather resembling one. 
She who rejoices with our joys, and sorrows 
with oiu: sorrows, alas ! meets with a piti- 
ful return ; the very child whom she suckles 
strengthens but to slander his maternal sex, 
and consequently his own parent. Consider 
this, O Cock of Plato ! Learn wisdom — 
fear God — tell the truth and shame the 
, devil ; and study the celebrated inscription 
^n the Gates of Delphos, in plain English, 
" KNOW THYSELF.*' Do SO, and thou wilt 
then cease to abuse and depreciate Woman ! 

A. 



ALPINE FLOWERS. 



High uj) in air — ^high up in air 

Ye beautiful coy blossomings. 

Where no fair bird essays to rear 

The lustre of its chilly wings, 

Alpine Flowers ! like mountain stars 

Unsoiled, in purity ye glow. 

For no rude hand your beauty mars. 

Or stains your brightness from below. 



Thus far above all soil and sin, 
The spirits that but late have striven 
With earthly arts, d^arted, win 
Perfume and beauty m high heaven. 
So, too, beneath the stars awhile, 
The humble spirits purely shine : 
Their Altar ? Heaven's alluring smile ; 
And their reward — ^Heaven's knre divine. 

H. C. D. 



N 



w^ 



•I 



TURKISH TALES. 

MISS PARDOE'S ROMANCE OF THE HAREM.* 



CoNsiDBBiNO the extent of our possessions 
in oriental literature, the paucity of genuine 
Turkish tales in this country is remarkable ; 
more particularly as public story-telling con- 
stitutes a distinguishing trait of eastern 
manners. Excepting the Arabian Nights' 
Entertainments, what have we in this de- 
partment that is entitled to notice ? And 
until the appearance of Lane's admirable 
version of them, now in the course of publi- 
cation, through what wretched media did 
we become acquainted with those splendid 
and gorgeous emanations of genius ! All 
that we knew of them was from an incom- 
plete French translation of the original — or, 
still worse, a barbarous EngHsh translation 
from the translated French. Thanks to 
Mr. Lane, however, and to the kindred ge- 
nius of Mr. Harvey, powerfully aided by the 
artists, who give adequate effect to his ex- 
quisite designs, we are now gradually ob- 
taining an illustrated edition of those eastern 
gems, which, when complete, will reflect 
honour upon our country. We will take 
leave to say too, before we proceed, that a 
finer companion work to Lane's edition of 
the Arabian Nights than Miss Pardoe*s 
Romance of the Harem does not exist in the 
English language. With reference to illus- 
tration, the hint may probably be worth Mr. 
Colbum's attention at a future period. 

The Arabian Nights' Entertainments have 
always been admired for the accurate and 
forcible light which they were understood to 
throw upon Turkish manners and costume. 
As pictures of actual Turkish life, however, 
their general effect is considerably impaired 
by the wild and violent supernatural ma- 
chinery by which they are encumbered and 
overlaid. Not that we condemn the intro- 
duction of such machinery per se : on the 
contrary, we admire it, as illustrative of the 
superstitions, poetry, and ancient mytho- 
logy of the east : it is only to its too fre- 
quent and almost universal use, in obstruct- 
ing philosophic views of life and manners, 
that we object. 



* The Romance of the Harem. By Miss 
Pardoe, author of " The City of the Sultan," 
" The River and the Desart," &c. 3 vols. Col- 
hum. 1839. 



On the other hand. Miss Pardee's vo- 
lumes seem to supply what has long been a 
desideratum. They present us with real 
Turkish tales ; not, indeed, absolutely writ- 
ten by a Turk, but from the pen of one who 
is conversant with the language of the coun- 
try, and perfectly familiar with the manners 
and customs — the every-day habits — of 
Turkish life. 

They are, as Miss Pardoe observes, '* ge» 
nuine^tales related by the professional Mag" 
saldjhesy or Story-tellers of the East, in the 
Harems of the wealthy Turks during seasons 
of festivity, and particularly in that of the 
Ramazan." Thus, in a note appended to 
the first story, " The Diamond Merchant," 
she remarks : — 

''Wild, romantic, and improbable, as this 
tale will appear to European readers, it is never- 
theless strictly true ; having been drawn fitmi 
the archives of the Turkish Empire, and related 
by Perousse Hanoum, the Lady Secretary of the 
Sultana Azme, for the purpose of being com- 
municated to me, during my residence at Con- 
stantinople, in the year 1836. Mourad, or, as 
he is styled in England, Amurath II., was a 
prince devoted to adventure, and of great per- 
sonal courage." 

Again, in her Preface, Miss Pardoe ob- 
serves — 

" I have, throughout the whole work, care* 
fiiUy avoided the supernatural, save in one soli- 
tary instance, where the allegory was so talented 
and tempting that I felt it would require no 
apology with any class of readers ; preferring, 
in every other case, a Ufe-like and probable chain 
of circumstances, to a briUiant and impossible 
picture. Hence my fictions neither borrow 
power from the Genii, terror fi-om the Ghouls, 
nor grace, and beauty from the Peris ; they treat 
only of ordinary men and women ; but indivi- 
duals placed in positions, and actuated by feel- 
ings, almost unknown in Europe." 

Another great and important attraction 
of these volumes results from their being the 
production of a woman — of a woman too 
who had the advantage of full, free, and 
constant access to the sacred and myste- 
rious interior apartments of the women, in 
the harems of the wealthier and more aris- 
tocratic classes. Thus, her pictures have 
all the graphic truth and force of portraits* 
Since the days of Lady Mary Wortley Mon- 



TURKISH TALES. 



163 



tigii, no writer has been allowed the op- 
portunities, in this respect, with which Miss 
mdoe was unrestrictedly indulged. This 
was abundantly evinced in her " City of the 
Sultan," which, teeming with exquisite de- 
scription, daring and perilous adventure, 
and the finest moral and historic illustra- 
tioa, was worth a thousand romances. 

But, delightful as these tales are, regard- 
ing them merely as tales, their most ex- 
citing charm, in our estimation, is the light 
which they throw upon Turkish life and 
diaracter, with their varied shade of man- 
ners, morals, customs, domestic economy, 
costume, &c. With reference even to the 
ocHiversational style of the Turks, we are not 
left in the dark. Even the brief descriptive 
sentences, and the " bits" of Turkish which 
here and there present themselves, and 
which would not have occurred in a mere 
translation, materially heighten the oriental 
effect. 

As for the frame-work, or vehicle by 
which these stories are successively intro- 
duced to the notice of the reader, if it be 
not absolutely perfect — and we never knew 
any that was — we never knew any that vras 
not open to some objection or other— it is 
very skilfully and gracefully managed. A 
poition of tliis frame-work is a handsome 
joong Greek, who, to carry an important 
object which he has in view, disguises him- 
setf as an " awali," or singing woman, 
and *' assists" in t£e exhibitions of a troop 
of " alm^," or dancing girls. But for the 
Hfe of us we caimot comprehend how he 
nmnaged to pitch his fine, full, mellow voice 
to the soprano ! And what did he do with 
bis beard ! However, he so became his fe- 
minine attire — ^he was so handsome, so 
beautiful, so lovely — that he had two or 
t)iree narrow escapes from being bought by 
the different pashas before whom he ex- 
hibited ! 

Now, if Mr. Manager Yates could have 
OEUule only half so glorious a display with 
his bayad^es as Miss Pardoe has made with 
her alm^, he would have realised a fortune, 
and turned the heads, and ravished the 
hearts, of half the men of fashion in Lon- 
don. Here is one of them : — 

" The alm^ was about sixteen years of age, in 
lU the glow and glory of a beauty such as is 
seldom looked upon. Her long dark hair fan- 
tttticany braided with beads and ribbons, and 
iirtennixed with bright-coloured ribbons^ fell 
ihnost to her feet, and was swept back firom 



a brow of dazriing whiteness, surmounting eyes 
of intense light and lustre. Her figure was 
stight and graceful, and her expression soft and 
somewhat melancholy. To discover all this, 
one glance sufficed ; and had Maniolopolo been 
less preoccupied, and had the fair creature before 
him been other than she was — ^an alme — ^an out- 
cast — a wanderer among men, to whom her 
beauty was a jest, and her youth a snare — he 
felt as though he could have sought a haven in 
her love, and a Paradise in her snnles." * * * 

" As they moved along, they gaily bandied 
jests, and ventured inferences and speculations 
on the liberality of the Tchorbadji, which ex- 
torted an occasional smile firom Maniolopolo, 
anxious as he was. Snatches of wild songs, and 
wilder stories escaped them also, as it seemed, 
involuntarily: their wandering and uncertain 
life had taught them the philosophy of present 
enjoyment, and the fiitility of foreboding; and 
they lived, and jested, and laughed, as though 
time had no morrow, or that they could furl his 
winss at their own giddy will. 

^^ Mherpirwir alone was staid and silent ; she 
walked slowly with bent head, like one who in- 
dulges in deep and pensive thought ; and occa- 
sionally her dark eyes flashed out from behind 
their jealous screen as she glanced hastily and 
anxiously towards Maniolopolo. But ere long 
her abstraction drew upon her the laughter of 
her companions, and she aroused herself, and 
mingled m the idle conversation of the party, or 
held a whispered and momentary conununion 
with Nevrest^, until they stood before the gate 
of the Tchorbadji's harem." 

Here is a lovely picture : — 

'' Loud and earnest was their welcome as 
they sprang over the threshold into a spacious 
hall paved with various coloured marbles, where 
the plashing of water and the song of birds made 
the air vocal. A richly gilded door at the upper 
end was flung back, ana through the opemng 
they caught a delicious glimpse in the moon- 
Ught of trees, and flowers, and fountains, spread- 
ing fiur away into the distance. Groups of 
slaves, many of them young and beautiful, were 
hurrying to and fro; and each as she passed 
had a gay word and a gayer smile for the alm^. 
The sounds of music came soothingly firom an 
inner apartment ; and a soft stream of moon- 
shine played along the marble floor, and dyed it 
with the rich tints which it pilfered as it passed 
from the crimson hangings of the numerous 
casements. Alto^ther it was a scene of en- 
chantment ; and it was not without regret that 
Maniolopolo followed the example of his com- 
panions, and obeyed the summons of a smiling 
slave who waited to conduct them to the pre- 
sence of her mistress. 

" * Khosh geldin — ^you are welcome,* uttered 
in a low sweet voice which fell softly on the ear 
of the young Greek, were the first sounds that 
greeted him as he found himself in an apart- 
ment flashing with gold fringe and embroidery. 



1 



164 



TURKISH TALES. 



and immediately opposite to a lovely woman 
who reposed on a splendid divan of velvet, sur- 
rounded by her attendants, while two fair chil- 
dren were sporting on a cushion at her feet ; 
and earnest was the tone in which he joined in 
the * Khosh buldiik — ^well found' of the alm^, 
as they bent before her in homage.*' 

At length, the Tchorbadji has arrived : 
soon afterwards — 

" Two by two the alm^ moved forward and 
performed their graceful evolutions, which won 
for them many a ' Mashallah !' and ' Aferin"' !' 
from the Tchorbadji, and a murmur of commen- 
dation from his fair youns wife ; but when at 
last, and alone, Mherpirwur flung off her veil, 
and bounded into the centre of the floor, where 
she stood for an instant like a startled fawn 
listening for a coming footstep, the Tchorbadji 
half rose from his sofa, and withdrew the chi- 
bouque from his lips to gaze on her. The tapers 
by which the apartment was illuminated threw 
their full blaze upon her as she rested for a mo- 
ment without stirring either eye or limb, and 
then suddenly springing back a pace or two, 
twirled her tambourine above her head, as 
though the joyousness of her young spirit could 
ring out through its silver bells." * * * * 

" In the enthusiasm of the moment the wife 
of the Tchorbadji drew a ring £rom her finger, 
and placed it in the hand of a slave, who pre- 
sented it to Mherpirwir ; while the host himself 
flung a purse into the lap of Maniolopolo, 
which he mstantly transferred to the keeping of 
Nevreste. Never was success more perfect ; and 
as the fair girls stood in groupes upon the bright- 
coloured carpets, the young Greek thought he 
had never beheld any spectacle so lovely. The 
gorgeouslv attired beauty on the divan was ra- 
diant with youth, and oright with jewels ; the 
graceful alm^ stood before her Uke attendant 
peris ; the Tchorbadji was the one shadow which 
reUeved the bright hghts of the pictmre ; and the 
children who nestled in each other's arms, and 
gazed in wondering admiration on the strangers 
with their bright stas-like eyes, seemed to the 
excited imagination of the adventurer Uke beings 
of another world, where care, and crime, and 
withering had never come." 

Maniolopolo, the young Gb-eek, called 
upon a second time to sing, selects an 
air wild as the summer wind — a Sciote 
melody — bringing ** with it a thousand 
memories of the past, which heightened 
its expression of energy and passion. 

" Who loves the Alm^? Oh, mock me not now 
With the light of that eye, and the calm of that 

brow ; 
For thee, such as thee, were those blessed hours 

made. 
When sunshine is looked, and when music is 

said; 



* Well done. 



But the Alml, thongh bright her young bean^ 

may be. 
Can ne'er know the Uiss that is lavished on thee! 

" Who loves the Alme ? Her step may be light, 
Her form may be graceful, her eye may be bright. 
Her ear may drink in the most eloquent words 
That e'er swept like a spell o'er the young spirit's 

chords ; 
But the Alms's crushed heart to despondence is 

vow'd 
y¥hen her brow is unveiled to the gaze of tite 

crowd, 

'^ Then ask not the Alml, pioad bean^, to tell 
The tales of the past in her memoiy that dweU ; 
Rather bid her forget that on earth there can be 
A being so loved and so lovely as thee ; 
Lest, wild with despair such a contrast to meet. 
She fling off her garland, and die at thy feet !" 

A stifled sob met the ear of Maniolopolo 
as he laid aside his instrument : Mherpirwir 
was slowly moving away when. 

" The experience of the fair dancing-girl had 
taught her no tale of constancy on the part of 
lovers. In the sky of her destiny she had seen 
ray after ray of the young heart's brightness 
clouded by the vapours of distrust and change; 
she had heard murmurs firom the sweetest hps in 
the world, and seen tears in the loveliest eyes; 
and Mherpirwir was no logician. Maniolopolo 
was a Greek, a Giaour ; a despised one like her- 
self. He could worship the wife of the Moslem 
only as a bright shape Umned on a summer 
cloud — a lauding hght on the sunny wave- 
something impalpable and transitory — ^while, 
could she win him ! — But here the heart of the 
girl beat painfully, and a deep blush burned for 
an instant on her brow — No, no; she would 
think no more ; she dared not." * * * 

" Who was she that she thus had dared to 
hope that she might appropriate the heart of one 
like Maniolopolo ! Was not the very name of 
an alm^ the byeword of scorn and contumely ? 
Were not all the troop at the beck of every 
stranger who spread gold upon his palm, to 
divert his idleness, and to obey his oehests? 
What had she to do with love, with tenderness, 
with passion? Alas! nothing — Maniolopok) 
had laid bare before her the desolation of her 
lot ; she might weep away her spirit, and steep 
her heart in tears ; there was no hand to wipe 
them away, no voice to soothe, no arm to up- 
hold her : and for a moment as the dancing-girl 
moved from the side of the young Greek, a cold 
chill stole through her veins, and if she could 
at that instant be said to Jeel, it was the hard, 
cold, stem rigidity of the marble which bears 
the impress of beauty without its vitality. But 
the death-hke paroxysm, the strong spasm of 
despair, endured not lon^ : the victim was too 
young to be thus emancipated from suffering ; 
the spirit-thrall had more bitter pangs in store ; 
and the awakening frx)m*this transient immo- 
bility was more crushing than years of mur- 
mured suffering.*' 



TURKISH TALES. 



165 



To keep within our desired limits, it has 
been with great difficulty, and not without 
serious injury to the graceful and touching 
narrative, that we have been enabled to de- 
tach these brief passages. And we have 
not yet quite done. We are now within 
the walls of another harem. The wife of 
the Pasha — 

" Canmfil Hanoum was seated on the edge of 
a gorgeous sofa, ghttering with gold fringe, and 
say with embroidery; and at her feet reclmed his 
[Bfaniolopolo's] beautiful sister pillowed upon a 
pile of cushions. The Pasha was entlvoned on 
the gorgeous divan ; his chibouque between his 
lips, his jewelled hand loosely grasping its slen- 
der tube, and his half-closed eyes giving assur- 
ance of the tranquillity or apathy of his spirit. 
Behind him stood two negroes, richly clad, with 
turbans and girdles of cachemire of the richest 
dyes ; while the female slaves of the harem were 
clustered together at the extremity of the 
apartment, which was brightly hghted up by a 
number of tapers, arranged on small tables of 
inlaid wood in different parts of the saloon. 

" The centre of the floor was vacant ; and 
there the dancing-girls at once took their stand, 
and grouped themselves in the most graceful 
and picturesque attitudes. Three of the num- 
ber knelt upon the carpet with their six-stringed 
lebecs on their kness; the remainder stood 
around them, some with their chapletted heads 
flung back, and their white arms raised high in 
air, while the silver bells of their tambourines 
rang out like fairy chimes: others bending 
hghdy forward, with one foot barely touching 
t& floor, in the attitude of Ustening, like the 
nymphs of Diana on the doubtful track of some 
light-hoofed fawn : and others again, languidly 
supporting each other in a sweet repose, such as 
the houris enjoy in the rose-blooming bowers of 
Paradise. 

" ' Mashallah I' murmured the Pasha beneath 
his breath: ^'tis a vision of Corkam.* They 
are like the stars of a summer night, the one 
lovelier than the other ; and, all together enough 
to hght up a world. AlhemduUileJii ! Mahomet 
was a great prophet !' 

" This reverie was interrupted by the sudden 
pealing out of the voices and instruments of the 
dancing«-girls, as a dozen of the band, led by the 
beautiful Mherpirwir, commenced their intricate 
and graceful evolutions. The dance told a tale 
of love ; there was the swift pursuit, the re- 
luctant flight, the earnest supphcation, the timid 
dissent, the impassioned eagerness, the yielding 
affection ; and as the last twirl of the tambou- 
rines made the air vocal, all the band were 
kneeling at the feet of their high priestess, the 
gentle Mherpirwir, holding towards her the lotus- 
wreaths with whidi they had been crowned. 

■ ■ ■ ' ™ ™ ■ ■ ■ ■ 1 ■ ■» ■» ^ I I ■■■■■■■■ I I ^ ^1 ■ — 

* Paradise. 



** ' Afenn, aferin — ^well done, well done !' ex- 
claimed the Satrap, startled out of his ajpathy 
by the enchanting spectacle : ' Abdooi, fill 
them each a feljane* of sherbet; for, by the 
soul of my father! they are peris — I have 
said it.' " 

The alm^ have returned to their resting 
place. 

" By the faint hght of the sohtary and un- 
trimmed lamp which stood in a niche of the 
discoloured wail, he discovered Mherpirwir, 
crouched down in one comer of the saloon, 
with her arms crossed upon her knees, and her 
head bent over them. Her lotus crown lay on 
the ground beside her: but the fever of her 
brain had withered the flowers, and they were 
flaccid and faded. Her zebec had a broken 
string; and her veil was flung beside it, as 
though in the wretchedness of me moment she 
had been reckless and impatient." 

Mherpirwir is a most lovely creation : 
she may be pronounced " almost another 
Mignon." We dare not pursue the fete of 
this devoted but doomed woman. However, 
we are satisfied that we have shewn more 
than enough to establish all the positions 
we advanced, at the commencement of this 
paper, in favour of Miss Pardoe^s eminently 
attractive volumes. By the admirers of 
genius, they will — ^they must be — univer- 
sally read. 

To attempt an analysis of any of the tales 
would be worse than useless. However, in 
naming some of them, we may remark, en 
passant, that, in its contrivances, the story 
of " The Seven Doors" evinces an extraor- 
dinary fertility of invention ; " The Arab 
Steed,*' which certainly borders upon the 
supernatural, involves the self-related his- 
tory of a maniac, which, from its force of 
imagination, is almost appalling ; " The 
Last of the Janissaries" is a deeply affect- 
ing tale, founded on a comparatively recent 
and well-authenticated feet ; " The Pasha*s 
Daughter" is altogether a very sweet and 
beautiful love story ; and for smartness and 
pungency of satire, " The Kingdom of the 
Mice," inculcating the moral that " one 
able diplomatist can secure more triumphs 
than an army of lances," surpasses every 
thing of its class that has for a long time 
fallen under our notice. 

We close vdth the remark, that Miss 
Pardoe's poetic talent, of which we have 
presented one charming specimen, appears 
to great advantage in these volumes. 

♦ Cup. 



PHRENOLOGY. 



THE PRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL vertug DR. ROGET.— SIR WALTER SCOTT.— 

THE SUPPOSED SKULL OF EUGENE ARAM. 



To the Editor op Thb Aldine Magazine. 



Sib, 

In The Aldine Magazineoi January the 1 9th 
I find a somewhat extended notice of Dr. Ro- 
get's "Treatise on Phrenology," as it appears 
in the seventh edition of '*The Encyclopaedia 
Britannica/' and as it has been re-published, 
in association with the same writer's '* Trea- 
tise on Physiology/' in a detached form. I 
perfectly . agree with you. Sir, that **Dr. 
Roget is a determined opponent of phreno- 
logy ;" but, from the position that *' he is 
a fair and honourable" opponent, I take leave 
most peremptorily to dissent. With refer- 
ence to the mock metaphysicians of the past 
age, you have justly remarked, that, " were 
they only worth powder and shot, five 
sentences would suifice to lay those drivel- 
lers upon their backs for ever." True ! 
And I apprehend that one or two articles 
which appear in the last number of The 
Phrenological Journal, have so completely 
laid Dr. Roget upon At>back, that he would 
gladly disburse ten times the amount of the 
pecuniEuy consideration which he may have 
received from the proprietors of the "Ency- 
dopsedia Britannica," could he cancel the 
unlucky Treatise to which, imluckily for 
him as a philosopher and a man of science, 
he has had the temerity to affix his name. 

The first of the articles I have alluded to 
in the Phrenological Journal^ is a brief letter 
addressed to Macvey Napier, Esq., the edi- 
tor of the ** Encyclopaedia Britannica ;'* the 
second, a letter to Dr. Roget himself, by 
the same writer. The former, a sufliciently 
strong and severe " protest against the dis- 
torted and insufficient notice of Phrenology" 
which has been " allowed to suUy the new 
edition of the Encgclopadia Britannica" I 
shall pass over, as comparatively unimport- 
ant, and confine myself to the latter. 

On this occasion. Sir, it is not my wish 
to trouble you with my own opinions, fur- 
ther than to assure you that I am, from 
conviction, a firm believer in the leading 
doctrines of Phrenology, as a, science, al- 
though a science yet in an imperfect state. 
My chief object is to exhibit to the readers 
of The Aldine Magazine, through the me- 



dium of an able pen, some portion of the 
ignorance, fallacy, and misrepresentation 
into which Dr. Roget has been betrayed. 

For brevity's sake, I of course abstain 
from details : they must be sought in The 
Phrenological Journal itself: a few points 
constitute all that I pretend to offer. 

To commence. The letter writer, addres- 
sing Dr. Roget, says : — 

" AUow us to inquire why you have reprinted 
an article on Cranioscopy, under the title of 
Phrenology y seeing that you assert these two to 
be very different, as philosophical systems ? Yon 
commence your reprint with a statement that 
Phrenol(^ ^ is a term which has been recently 
i^ptied to denote a new doctrine of mental phi- 
losophy ;' and you add, ' This term has of late 
years totally superseded the more unpretending 
titles of Cranio LOGY and Cranioscopy, by 
which this doctrine, in its earlier periods, and 
before it had aspired at affecting a revolution in 
pyscology, was designated.' K this statement 
be correct, Phrenofogy must be a considerable 
advance upon Cranioscopy ; and yet you reprint 
a treatise on the latter, as an exposition oi the 
former in a work, which includes the latest dis- 
coveries and improvements in science, according 
to the advertisements of its publishers. 

Further on ; — 

" In illustration of the absurdity of reprinting 
the old essay in 1838, we must here remind 
you that in 1818, when your article 'Cranios- 
copy' was written. Gall's Jirst phrenoloeieal 
work (except the short Memoir to the Institute 
of Paris) was not completed. The first work of 
Spurzheim, The Physiognomical System, had 
indeed, been published three years before, so 
that you could get a tolerable outhne of the 
phrenological system, in its then infant and im- 
perfect state ; but as the work of Spurzheim was 
only an epitome of Gall's large work, in which 
he had assisted, your account of a most exten- 
sive science must have been written at a time 
when the first descriptions and proofs of the first 
discoverers were scarcehr yet before the public 
in a full and authentic rorm ; and that account 
was moreover written by one who has not even 
yet been known to give himself up to the study 
of the subject under circumstances at all likely 
to render him a competent judge or umpire of 
the question, or to fit him for being an instruct 
tor of others." 



PHRENOLOGY. 



167 



Again: — 

" You give a list of publications^ which^ you 
say, have supplied your materials; not one of 
these works bearing date later than 1817. And 
although you have introduced statements, in a 
few instances, which could not have been derived 
from any one of the works named as having 
supphed your materials^ since they relate to 
views not published until a later date than 1817, 
you have not exhibited the candour of adding 
these hitter works to your list." * * * « You 
even repeat that * the best of the foreign works 
is that of Professor Bischoff,' — a work publish- 
ed in 1805, before Gall and Spurzheim had given 
theirs to the world ! Of course, the elaborate 
work of Vimont, and the able treatises of Brous- 
sais, and of other French, German, Italian, 
Danish and American authors on Phrenology, 
published since 1818, are excluded from men- 
tion; although you knew, or ousht to have 
known, that amongst these are to be found the 
best foreign works on the subject." 

So much for Dr. Roget's candour and 
sufficiency on this point : — 

^* In consequence of thus taking your account 
of Phrenology from the earUest works — ^like the 
earliest works on any other science, unavoid- 
ably containing much that needed further eluci- 
danon and correction — you have given a most 
imperfect sketch of that science, and have mis- 
represented its present state in various ways ; to 
ny nothing of some statements which were not 
true in regard to any stage of its progress." 

On the score of misrepresentation : — 

''By joining together the head and tail of a 
passage, and omitting the intermediate portion, 
you make him [Mr. Combe] give a grossly in- 
consistent account of the two faculties called 
Individuality and Eventuality. You quote a 
passajge where Mr. Combe says, that in such ex- 
pressions as the nocK fails, the horse gallops, 
the BATTLE is/ought, the substantive springs 
from Individuality and the verb from Eventuau- 
ty. After some further remarks, he adds, ' An 
author in whom Individuality is large and Even- 
tuality is small, will treat his subjects by descrip- 
tion chiefly ; one in whom Eventuality is large. 
Individuality small, will narrate actions, but deal 
little in physical description.' By omitting the 
words here printed in itahcs, (from will to small,) 
YOU represent Mr. Combe as having contradicted 
nimself in the most inconsistent manner, and 
reduce his correct description to sheer nonsense, 
r^ow it IS possible that the mis-statement about 
Self-Esteem, and the mis-quotation about Indi- 
viduality, may both be mere blunders, not de- 
liberate falsifications. But taking them in this 
most favourable construction, what are we to 
think of your ignorance or your carelessness, in 
allowmg them to go forth as true expositions of 
^ ideas of phrenologists, and even as the very 
words of Mr. Combe »" 



Dr. Roget says : — 

" The fact that the brain of Cuvier was of un- 
usual magnitude, has been triumphantly pro- 
claimed in aU the pubhcations on Phrenology ; 
but we are not aware that any phrenologist has 
brought forward the equally well-certified fiict, 
that ihe brain of Sir W alter Scott was found on 
examination to be * not large.* " ' 

To this, his opponent replies : — 

" It was chiefly in the anterior region, or the 
seat of intellect, that Cuvier's brain was so volu- 
minous; and no phrenologist competently in- 
structed in his science would have expected 
to find the brain of Scott a counterpart to that 
of Cuvier. Anxious as you nuiy be to find a flaw 
in Phrenology, you will scarcely venture to affirm 
that the writing of pleasant stories and embel- 
Ushing of historical anecdotes, from the sordid 
desire of accumulating wealth or gratifying 
family vanity, required as much intellectual vi- 
gour as was necessary for successfully carryingon 
the profound researches of Cuvier, acquiring an 
immense and most varied fund of information, 
adding largely to the stock of human knowledge, 
and exercising a most powerful influence over 
science and men of science. Scott was eminent 
in his own department undoubtedly, but that de- 
partment was not one requiring the highest men- 
tal endowments." 

You must now. Sir, permit me to travel a 
little " out of the record," for the purpose 
of advertiiig to another paper in The Phre^ 
nological Journal, ** On the size of Sir Wal- 
ter Scott's Brain, and the Phrenological 
Development indicated by his Bust," from 
the pen of Mr. Combe. The paper is alto- 
gether full of interest, but I can call your 
attention to only one or two passages. After 
exposing the insuflBiciency of the post mor- 
tem examination of Sir Walter Scott's head, 
in which it was most vaguely stated, without 
weight or admeasurement, that * the brain 
was not large,' Mr. Combe states as fol- 
lows : — 

" In January, 1831, Mr. Lawrence Mac- 
donald, sculptor, now settled in Rome, lived for 
several days at Abbotsford, and modelled a bust 
of Sir Walter Scott. Mr. Macdonald was then 
a practical phrenologist. He knew that no bust, 
authentic in the measurements of Sir Walter's 
head, existed ; and he bestowed every possible 
attention to render his work a true representa- 
tion of nature. He assured me that he measured 
the size of the head in difierent directions with 
caUipers, and preserved the dimensions in the 
clay ; while he modelled every portion of the 
sunace with the utmost care, so as to exhibit the 
outlines and proportions as exactly as his talents 
could accomphsh. Sir Walter sat four hours at 
a time to him, dictating a romance all the time 
to his amanuensis, Mr. Laidlaw. Sir Walter's 
vigour, both bodily and mental, had by that time 



168 



PHRENOLOGY. 



deelined; and his features had lost part of their 
mental expression. The bust bears evidence in 
the features, of this decay of power ; but there 
is no reason to believe that the disease had, at 
that time, existed so long as to cause any dimi- 
nution of the skull. This bust, therefore, jForms 
the best record which now exists of the dimen- 
sions and relative proportions of the different 
parts of Sir Walter Scott's head." 

The measurements follow, with the size of 
the respective organs, shewing that "the head 
wasreally large.*' "It will be remarked," adds 
Mr. Combe, " tliat cautiousness and consci- 
entiousness are much inferior in size to be- 
nevolence and veneration; and this fact 
appears to me to coincide perfectly with Sir 
Walter's manifestations." Secretiveness is 
also " large," and acquisitiveness ** full." 

What follows is important, as present- 
ing the admirably correct estimate which 
Mr. Combe has formed of Sir Walter Scott's 
actual powers : — 

" I have seen a cast purporting to be one of 
Sir Walter Sett's head, and which is said to 
have been taken in Paris; but it is widely at vari- 
ance with Mr. Macdonald's bust, and also with 
my recollection of Sir Walter's head; which I have 
seen at least a thousand times, and closely ob- 
served. It was the highest head from the ear to 
Veneration that I ever beheld, and in the lower 
region of the anterior lobe, as well as in Benevo- 
lence, Imitation, and Wonder, it had few equals. 
The only evidence which could be appealed to in 
support of the assertion of its being small, is the 
fact, that he wore a small hat; but the hat af- 
fords a measure of the circumference onlj/, and 
not of the height or whole magnitude of the head, 
and therefore does not afibrd a measure of the 
size of the head that can be relied on for scienti- 
fic purposes. In Sir Walter's head, the upper 
and lateral portions of the forehead were only 
fiill ; Cautiousness was rather full, and Concen- 
trativeness only moderately developed ; which 
organs collectively determine the dimensions of 
the circumference of the hat ; while the forehead 
and coronal region towered high iato its artificial 
cavity, without rendering any enlargement in 
that quarter necessary. 

" While, therefore, I controvert the statement 
that Sir Walter's brain was not large, and main- 
tain that in the propensities, in the lower region 
of the anterior lobe, ui the middle of the anterior 
lobe, and in the coronal region, it was actually 
large, I do not subscribe to the opinion that 
Sir Walter Scott stood in the highest rank 
of intellectual, and much less of general mental 
greatness. In exact correspondence with those 
regions of his brain which were large, he mani- 
feiS^d vigorous observing and descriptive pow- 
ers ; witib a vast insight mto human feehng and 
action. But ako in correspondence with those 
parts of the braus which were not largely de- 
veleptd, he was defic^nt in philosophic penetra- 



tion and comprehensiveness : he has not stmdc 
out, or even adopted or embodied, any great 
moral or intellectual principle calculated to ex- 
cite his race to improvement : and his poetry 
wants the splendid elevation of that of Shaks- 
peare, Milton, and Byron. In short, he was an 
extraordinary man in an extensive but still in a 
hmited and secondary sphere ; and this is all that 
truth permits us to say of his genius." 

But I must hasten to a close with Dr. 
Roget, as there is yet another subject upon 
which it is my wish to treat. Towards the 
close of his letter to Dr. Roget, the writer 
thus expresses himself : — 

" Pray have you left the system to sinker 
swim by its own strength, without any effort 
made against it by yourself? Has it not, on the 
contrary, been repudiated by you 1 And have 
you not, in the Jesuitical essay calling forth this 
Letter in reply, endeavoured tojprocure its repu- 
diation by others ? Have not Drs. Brown, Gor- 
don, Barclay, Tupper, Kidd, Hope, Sir Charles 
Bell, Sir William Hamilton, Lord Jefirey, and 
many others of less note, with several of the 
Reviews, Magazines, and Newspapers, also re- 
pudiated the system? In the present day, in- 
deed, it finds more numerours supporters than 
enemies ; but thi^ is just the natural result of 
a free discussion of doctrines founded in truth. 
The time, however, is not very long since I/wd 
Jefirey objected to Phrenology 'on the seoieof 
its novelty,' and boasted that the great body of 
the public concurred with him in repudiating it 
That boast is now gone for ever, j^hough the 
great body of the pubUc do not yet in any way 
support Phrenology, they do not repudiate it; 
and looking to the very numerous and able sup- 
porters of the science, in the present day, in con- 
trast with the far fewer and (where able) mostly 
aged opponents still remaining, it requires htde 
foresight to know that Phrenology must soon 
cease to be repudiated on the score either of no- 
velty or of alleged extravagance. What author- 
ity will then be attached to your essay? What 
respect will then be associated with your name? 
The aspirant for posthumous reputation will have 
no reason to covet either the authority or the 
respect. Your article ' Ceanioscopy' would 
have been hereafter held only a pardonable error, 
having been written at a period when the discove- 
ries oiGallwerealmost universally disputed in this 
country ; but your article ' Phrenology' will 
cause your name to become a warning against 
iniustice and prejudice. What share oi credit 
might have otherwise attached to Dr. Rc^t, a 
physioloffist, must now fade away from Dr. 
Roget, the anti-phrenologist. In thus writing 
against a subject, on which you are ignorant, 
you have rendered yourself an dlustration of the 
poet's satire, that, 

" * A man must serve his time to every trade, 
* Save censure — Critics all are ready made." 
" By your manner of writing against that sub- 
ject, you have, indeed, shown what the same 
poet calls 



PHRENOLOGY. 



109 



" ^A mind well-skilled to find or forge a fault ;" 

and for that, yoa may anticipate all the respect 
it is likely to procure you, either with cotem- 
pcmries or snccesors.'* 

It must be in your recollection. Sir, that, 
at the last year's meeting of the British 
Association, at Newcastle, much discussion 
took place respecting the supposed skull of 
the notorious Eugene Aram. In the Phre- 
nological Journal, Mr. James Simpson, of 
Edinburgh, has very ably and interestingly 
taken up the subject. He observes : — 

''In August last, when at Newcastle, attend- 
ing the Bntish Association's meeting, I was ac- 
costed in the street by a stranger, who asked me 
to accompany him to a sculptor's hard by, to see, 
as he said, a remarkable skull. On his assur- 
ance that it was the skull of a very uncommon 
diaracter, I compUed, and at the same time he 
introduced himself as Dr. Inglis, a physican at 
Bippon in Yorkshire. I had no hesitation, on 
l^e first glance at the skull, to declare that it 
must have contained the brain of a selfish, vio- 
lent, and dangerous person, who was at the same 
time canning cautious, and dishonest, without 
Bumd control, with a limited intellect, but some 
tute and even poetical feehng. Having kept no 
note of this off-hand opinion, I cannot be pre- 
cise as to its words, but I think that was its sub- 
stance. I was then told by Dr. Inglis that I had 
in my hands the skull of the far-famed Eugene 
Aram, execyted in 1769, for the murder of 
Daniel Clark, and hung in chains in the forest 
of Knaresborough; and that he. Dr. IngUs, was 
to read a paper to the Medical Section of the 
Association m defence of Eugene Aram, when 
he was to exhibit the skull in proof of his inno- 
cence. Convinced as I was of the indications 
of the skull being all the other way, I said that 
if I had a doubt of the question of Aram's guilt 
before, the skull would have removed it." 

It will be remembered, that when Dr. 
Inglis read his paper before the medical sec- 
tion, a long discussion followed upon the 
identity of the skull, as that of Eugene 
Aram. The moral evidence of that identity 
was, I think, perfect. By the attention of 
Dr. Inglis, Mr. Simpson was enabled to 
send a cast of the skull to Edinburgh just 
in time to be examined by Mr. George 
Combe previously to his departure for Ame- 
rica. Here is the extraordinary result ; — 

" Intimation of the person was given him in 
a teakd inclostire, which he was not to open till 
he had written down his opinion. With this in- 
junction he so scrupulously obeyed, as to post 
his answer, confirmed by his brother. Dr. An- 
drew Combe, before he opened the inclosure. 
The joint written judgment of these eminent 
phrenologists, more deliberately given, is a strik- 
fflg confirmation of my own more hasty verbal 



opinion. I received it before leaving Newcastle, 
and transmitted a copy without delay, to Dr. 
IngHs. It is no inconsiderable item in the evi- 
dence of the identity itself, that so minutely 
finished a portrait of Eugene Aram, according to 
the current behef of his character, and the known 
and adndtted fieuits concerning him, was thus 
drawn fiK>m inspection of the head alone : — 

Development and sketch of character by the 
Messrs. Combe. 

" Size average. Anterior lobe long, but nei- 
ther high nor broad. Coronal region above Caus- 
ahty mil above cautiousness rather sniall, ex- 
cept in fimmess. Basilar region very large. 
Age, Temperament, and Education, not men- 
tioned. 

1. Amativeness, large. 

2. Philoprogenitiveness, laige. 

3. Concentrativeness, moderate. 

4. Adhesiveness, rather large. 

5. Combativeness, very large. 

6. Destructiveness, large. 

7. Secretiveness, left side large. 

8. Acquisitiveness, left side full. 

9. Constructiveness, right rather large, left full. 
Ahmentiveness, moderate on rijrht, fiill on 

left. * 

0. Self-Esteem, large. 

1. Love of Approbation, rather large. 

2. Cautiousness, rather large. 

3. Benevolence, full. 

4. Veneration, rather large. 

5. Fimmess, rather large. 

6. Conscientiousness, moderate. 

7. Hope, small. 

8. Wonder, full. 

? moderate. 

19. Ideality, fuU. 

20. Wit, full. 

21. Imitation, fiill. 

22. Individuahty, full. 

23. Form, rather large. 

24. Size, large. 

26. Weight, ftdl, but uncertain, firom the sinus. 

26. Colour, moderate. 

27. Localitjr, moderate ; but sinus, 

28. Number, moderate. 

29. Order, small. 

30. Event, fuU. 

31. Time, rather lai^e. 

32. Tune, fuU. 

33. Language, cannot tell in a cast. * 

34. Comparison, rather full. 

35. Causality, fiill. 
The intellectual organs are well marked, but 
on a small scale. 
I am not informed concerning the education, 

rank in life, or temperament of the individual, 
the cast of whose skull has this day been sent to 
nie. I can therefore speak only of his disposi- 
tion and talents in general. The brain has been 
of an average size, indicating medium power of 
mind. The region of the lower propensities de- 

* The skull indicated Language large. 

o 



((I 



t< 



170 



THE WRECK. 



cidedly predominates. He might show consi- 
derable activity in the domestic affections, when 
not influenced by his temper, which was hot. 
He was irascible and vindictive. He was proud 
and essentially selfish, yet, to serve a purpose, 
he might exhibit great plausibility of manner, f 
His intellectual fatties were intense in action, 
rather than comprehensive and vigorous. He 
had talents for observation and for the sciences, 
which depend chiefly upon observation. His 
reflecting powers were good^ but limited in com- 
prehensiveness as well as in depth. He had 
some taste ; possessed talents for the imitative 
arts, and could have been an actor. He was not 
a stranger to benevolent feeling ; but his bene- 
volence was greatly inferior to his selfishness. 
He was not scrupulous. X The head, on the 

t In the original draft of the character, which 
I have seen, Mr. Combe added here, but scored 
it out with pencil, " and could assume a softness 
and delicacy of speech and action forming a strih- 
ing contrast i({ the cold, malignant, and seif-seeh- 
ing soul within,*^ 

X Here, again, in the first sketch were the fol- 



whole, indicates a man of low natural disposi- 
tions, with as much of the higher powers as to 
render him dangerous by his talents and plau- 
sibility ; but not enough of them to render him, 
in ordinary circumstances, amiable and virtuous. 
—Edinburgh, 31st August, 1838, G. C. This 
was checked by A. C." 

If Dr. Roget possess common candour or 
honesty, I should like to know what he would 
say to this. 

Excuse me, Sir, for trespassing so feur 
upon your time and space. 

I am, &c. 



lowing striking words, but, like the former per- 
haps, thought strong, and scored out : *' His 
brain, on the whole, resembles very much that of 
David Haggart, who was a man of talents, but a 
thief and swindler by profession, and incidentally a 
murderer; only this individual had more taste 
and refinement, and less reflecting intellect, than 
Haggarty 



THE WRECK. 

By the Author of " The Siege of Zaragoza,'' *' Childe Harold's Pilgrimage,** " Lyrical Poems,'' ifc. 



They are gone, they are gone, to the unseen 
caves 

Of the wide and trackless deep. 
And of them no relic remains to show 

Where they lie in their lonely sleep. 

The sea-weed clings to their matted hair. 
And the coral rock is their quiet bed ; 

No sigh breathes above their darksome bier. 
No dirge is sung o'er the ocean-dead. 

Save that of the mad and booming wave. 
As it speeds on its swift and reckless way. 

Or the wailing voice of the winter wind 
At the bodmg close of a stormy day. 

Their thoughts — ^their prayers — and their last 
wild words. 

Not one of the hving may ever know ; — 
They are buried where seeks the shark his prey 

In the cold and fathomless depths below. 



Their loves — ^their hatreds — ^where are they now? 

In the gulph where rests all love and hate ; 
No voice of the past is heard to teU 

Their name, their lineage, their former fate. 

What lips have smiled, and what e^es have wept 
For tnose who He 'neath the brmy wave. 

Is hidden — ^with many an untold tale 
That sleeps in many an unknown grave. 

The step of the wrecker now profanes 
That deck which the feet of the djdng trod ; 

And his oath takes place of the frantic shriek 
That in life's last gurgle called upon Grod. 

A drifted spar, and a broken mast. 

And a board where their last sad meal was 
spread. 
Are all that remain to the wistful eye 

Of those the unshrouded — ^the nameless dead. 



LETTER OF BERNARD LINTOT THE BOOKSELLER. 
From the Original in the Collection of a Lady. 

Please to send the letter L of Mrs Phihps's lettera by the Waterman to be wrought off, the 
preface coppy of Verses &a which you are so good to supply, will be next wanted, these I hope a 
Day or two will compleat and sent to Sr 

Yr most obhdgd 
June 28, 1728 humble Servt 

Bernard Lintot 
If James of Gardening on large paper be worth yr acceptance, tis at yr Service, the only favour 
I desire is that youd recomend it to yr Friends as you like it. 

If it be proper to present Mr Pope wth one, you will advise me. He 
mav recomend it to manv firiends. 
(Addressed) To 

Sr Clemt Cotterel at 
Twickenam. 



MEN, WOMEN, AND EVENTS OF THE MONTH BEFORE US, 



MARCH. 

Agemens o( March. — ^The Sage of the Weather. — ^Electioneering Preliminaries. — Birthdays. — Mar- 
tial, the Epigrammatist. — " Remarkable Coincidence." — Birth of the " Spectator." — ^A Poetical 
Tnumvirate : Waller, Davenant, and Otway. — ^Lord Somers. — Michael Angelo and Raffiielle. — 
Guicciordini and Charles V. — ^Playfair. — ^Tasso. — Bishop Berkeley's Modesty and Virtue. — ^Dr. 
Priestley and the Birmingham Biots. — Boileau. — Le Bran, Duke of Placentia. — Ovid the Poet, 
and the Queen of Hanover. — Rapin, the Historian. — H^dn and Beethoven. — ^Another " Re- 
markable Coincidence." — S. Gesner, John Wesley, and Horace Walpole. — ^Saladin, Sultan of 
Egypt. — Correggio, the Painter; H. Warton, the Divine; Dr. Arne, the Composer; and Volta, 
the Experimental Philosopher. — ^Dr. Parr. — ^Lord Collingwood. — ^William III. and Sir Willliam 
Chambers. — ^Rizzio, Mary Queen of Scots, and Ehzabeth of England. — Unengraved Portrait of 
Queen Ehzabeth. — Beaumont and Fletcher. — ^Dryden, Shakspeare, and Manager Macready. — 
Messinger. — Dr. Clarke, the Traveller, and Mrs. Barbauld. — Sir John Denham and President 
West. — ^Dr. Ghregory. — ^Archbishop Herring. — ^Admiral Byng, Mr. Croker, and Sir John Bar- 
row. — Klopstock's ** Messiah," and Milton's " Paradise Lost." — Juhus Caesar. — ^Dr. Burnet and 
his Ruined World. — Sir J. E. Smith. — Sir R. Walpole, Sterne, and Horne Tooke. — Captain 
Coram. — Sir Isaac Newton. — Cranmer and the Oxford Memorial. — Goethe and his Mignon. — 
Scott's Plagiarisms. — ^Evelyn. — Sir John Vanburgh. — James I. and Bishop Stillingfleet. — Sir 
Ralph Abercromby. — ^William Hunter the Anatomist. — ^TheGeorgium Sidus, Pallas, and Vesta. 
— Echpse of the Sun. — ^First Recorded EcHpse of the Moon. — Battle of Alexandria. — Peace of 
Amiens. — Sicilian Vespers. — The AUied Sovereigns in Paris. — Saint's Days, and other Days of 
Note in March. 



Webb it within the range of possibility, we 
should be desirous of saying something 
new about March ; but March is as old as 
the hills ; at all events, he has been March 
ever since the ancient Romans did him the 
hfmour of elevating him to the dignity of 
the first month of the year. In some parts 
of the world, he b a fine genial pleasant 
feflow: with us, on the other hand, he gene- 
rally proves a month of wind and storm — 
cold, and keen, and fierce, and desiccating 
blasts — absorbing the vital juices of both 
man and beast. Yet after all, March is truly 
a spring month : in its progress the vege- 
table creation assumes new life ; pile- wort, 
coltsfoot, daffodil, and the daisy are in 
bloom ; sweet is the scent of the primrose 
and of the violet; and ^many a garden 
flower diffuses precious fragrance, and un- 
veils its many- tinted charms. Birds, beasts, 
and fishes too, and reptiles and insects, are 
all alive and active : the moles begin to 
throw up their hillocks, the trouts begin to 
rise, the blood- worms appear in the water, 
and the smelt spawns. The lark, the lin- 
net, and various other birds now delight 
08 with their melodious strains. 

Much of all this, however, depends upon 
the comparative mildness or severity of the 
season ; and, were it not that we have been 
accustomed to translate Master Murphy's 
predictions into their direct opposites, we 



should be led into the belief that this year, 
March will prove surpassingly kind. Ac- 
cording to Murphy, tlien, we are to have 
nineteen fair days in March : one of them 
with wind, another with blowing weather, 
two gloomy, two with a rise of temperature, 
two with frost, and one with a fieJl of thun- 
der. Such is Murphy's /atV weather. Then 
he treats us with ten changeable days ; one 
of them with hail showers, and another 
with the wind fresh from the south-west ; 
and we have only two days of rain in the 
whole month. Nous verrons. 

Whether we may be on the eve of a dis- 
solution of the ministry, and a consequent 
general election, the fates have not apprised 
us ; but it is necessary for politicians, elec- 
tors, &c. to be awake in March. On the 
first of the month, auditors and assessors 
of boroughs are to be elected; Lady-day, as 
every body knows, occurs on the ^5th, 
when, or within fourteen days afterwards, 
overseers are to be appointed ; and, on the 
28th, which happens to be the first Thurs- 
day after the 25th, the poor law guardians 
are to be chosen. 

The birth-days of eminent men are nu- 
merous in March, as well as in every 
other month of the year. On the first of 
March, eighteen hundred and nine years 
ago, at Bilbils in Celtiberia — the Bubiera 
in modem Aragon — was born Marcus Va- 



1 



172 



MEN, WOMEN, AND EVENTS 



lerius Martialis, the epigrammatist; and 
some people, perhaps, may regard it as avery 
" remarloible coincidence,*' that Addison's 
Spectator was commenced exactly sixteen 
hundred and eighty-one years after the 
birth of Martial. With all its merit, the 
Spectator, as a new periodical, would not 
in the present day be regarded as a star of 
the first magnitude. As for Martial's epi- 
grams, they present every shade of the 
beautiful and brilliant, with every shade 
of the coarse, the vulgar, and the insipid. 
One of the pleasantest has been thus ren- 
dered by Sir John Harrington : — 

The golden hair that Galla wears. 
Is hers ; who would have thought it? 

She swears 'tis hers, and true she swears. 
For I know where she bought it. 

The third of March is yet more signalised 
as the anniversary of the birth of three 
English poets: Edmund Waller, in 1605; 
Sir William Davenant, in 1 606 ; and Thomas 
Otway, in 1651. 

Waller, sometimes styled the English 
Tibullus, excelled all his predecessors in 
harmonious versification. In his panegyric 
on Cromwell, he exceeded himself. His 
reply to Charles the Second, with reference 
to that production, that poets succeed best 
in fiction, is well known. Pope thought that 
he would have been a better poet had he 
entertained less admiration of people in 
power. 

Sir William Davei^ant, aptly designated 
by Leigh Hunt, " as the restorer of the stage 
in his time, and the last of the deep- 
working poetical intellects of the age 
that followed that of Elizabeth," was proud 
of being considered, at the expense of his 
mother's virtue, a natural son of Shak- 
speare. Davenant succeeded to the laure- 
ateship on the death of Ben Jonson. He 
was a great favourite with the Earl of New- 
castle, who appointed him lieutenant-gene- 
ral of his ordnance. It was Sir William 
Davenant who obtained a patent for the 
representation of dramatic pieces, at the 
Duke's Theatre, in lincoln's-inn-fields. The 
theatre was opened with a new play of his 
own, entitled The Siege of Rhodes, in which 
he introduced a variety of beautiful scenery 
and machinery. For the introduction of 
such decorations, the idea of which he took 
from the French theatres, the English stage 
is indebted to Sir William Davenant. He 
wrote about five-and-twenty dramatic pieces; 
also a heroic poem, called Gondibert, in 



five acts, which is described as being rather 
a string of epigrams, than an epic poem. 
Of Gondibert, he wrote two books while in 
France. Some time afterwards he was con- 
fined a close prisoner in Cowes Castle, his 
life in the utmost suspense and danger, and 
subsequently sent up to the Tower of Lon- 
don for trisd. In Cowes Castle, expecting 
to be hanged within a week, he pursued 
the composition of his poem, and even wrote 
to his friend Hobbes, giving an account of 
his progress, and offering criticisms on the 
nature of heroic poetry. 

Otway was the son of a clergyman in 
Sussex. Leigh Hunt terms him " the poet 
of sensual pathos ; for, affecting as he some- 
times is, he knows no way to the heart, 
but through the senses." The horrible story 
of his having been choked by attempting too 
eagerly to swallow a piece of bread, of which 
he had been sometime in want, has been 
successfully controverted ; but we believe there 
is no doubt that he died in his thirty-fourth 
year, at a public-house on Tower-hill, 
where he had secreted himself from his 
creditors, in a state of great destitution. 

John Lord Somers, the son of an attomey. 
himself a lawyer and statesman, and one 
of the leaders of the Revolution of 1688, 
was bom at Worcester on the 4th of March, 
1650 or 1652. He was a man of great 
taste in literature, the patron of Addison 
and Steele, and the promoter of the fame 
of Milton. 

Michael Angelo Buonarotti, poet, painter, 
sculptor, and architect, was bom of a noble 
family, at Arezzo, in Tuscany, on the 6th 
of March, 1474. He was the chief archi* 
tect of St. Peter's church at Rome. Ariosto 
speaks of him as 

*' Michel, pid che mortal, Angiol divino, — 
Michael, the more than man. Angel divine." 

The fiatness of the nose observable in the 
busts of Michael Angelo, is accounted for 
by the circumstance that, when at school, 
his play-fellow Torregiano, the sculptor, in 
a fit of passion, broke the bridge of his 
nose, with a blow of his fist. It has been 
contended, " that RafFaelle, by a litde ex- 
aggeration,<could have done all that Michael 
Angelo did ; whereas Michael Angelo could 
not have composed himself into the tranqufl 
perfection of Raffaelle." In our humble 
opinion, the genius of the two men was so 
essentially different as to disqualify them 
from being objects of comparison. 

Francesco Guicciardini, historian, states- 



OF THE MONTH BEFORB US. 



173 



man, and poet, the scion of a noble family, 
was bom at Florence, on the 6th of March, 
1482. Charles the Fifth, when his courtiers 
complained of the preference he gave to 
Guicciardini and his coimtr3rmen, replied, 
" I can make a hundred Spanish grandees 
m a minute, but I could not make one Guic- 
dardini in a hundred years." 

John FlayfEor, the mathematician and 
philosopher, who died in 1819, was bom at 
Bervie, near Dimdee, on the 10th of March, 
1749. 

Torquato Tasso, son of Bernardo Tasso, 
also a poet, found his birth-place at Sor- 
rento, in the bay of Naples, where he first 
saw the light on the eleventh of March, 
1544. His fatal passion for the Princess 
Leonora, of Este, sister of Alphonso, Duke 
of Ferrara, caused him years of imprison- 
ment and misery. The Lament of Tasso 
is one of the noblest productions of Byron, 
one of the noblest of our bards. Its closing 
apostrophe is exquisite. 

Of George Berkeley, the Bishop of 
Cloyne, and an eminent metaphysician, who 
was bom near Kilkeimy, on the twelfth of 
March, 1 684, Pope said, he had " every 
virtue under Heaven." And Atterbury de- 
clared that, till he had seen Berkeley, " he 
did not think so much imderstandmg, so 
much knowledge, so much endurance, and 
80 much humility, had been the portion of 
any but angels." Bishop Berkeley had such 
a dislike of non-residence, that wishing to 
retire into a life of scholarship, he petitioned 
the King to be allowed to give up his bishop- 
ric, valued at £.1,400 per annum. George 
tiie Second was so astonished and delighted 
at the request, that he declared he should 
*' die a bishop in spite of himself.'* It is re- 
corded that when Berkeley began life, he 
wrote in " The Ghiardian," and had a gui- 
nea and a dinner from Sir Richard Steele, for 
every paper he contributed. 

On the thirteenth of March, one hundred 
and six years will have elapsed since the 
birth of Dr. Priestley, whose memory is 
identified with the Birmingham riots, which 
occurred shortly after the commencement of 
the French revolution. The most graphic 
account of these riots, will be foimd in the 
Life of William Hutton, the historian of 
Birmingham. 

Boileau, the pelebrated French poet, who 
enjoyed a reputation in his native country, 
Biniilar to that of Pope in England, was 
bomon the 16th of March, 1635 or 1636. 



Charles Francis Le Brun» Duke of Fla- 
centia, whose name figures in the history 
of the French Revolution, was bom at Con- 
stance, in Normandy, on the nineteenth 
of March, 1739. Having signed the Con- 
stitution that recalled the Bourbons, he was 
created a Peer of France, and appointed 
President of the first Bureau of the Chamber 
of Peers. After the return of Buonaparte, 
he accepted the peerage from him, and also 
the ofi^ce of Grrand Master of the University. 
Le Brun was a man of letters, as well as a 
statesman. In the early part of his life, he 
translated the Iliad and the Odyssey, and 
Tasso'sJerusalemDelivered. He diedinlS^. 

The twentieth of March is the anniver- 
sary of the birth of Ovid, the poet, eighteen 
hundred and eighty-two years ago ; and 
also that of her Majesty Frederica Sophia 
Charlotte, Queen of Hanover, who was bom 
in 1778. Her Majesty, the youngest daugh- 
ter of his Serene Highness Frederick the 
Fifth, Grrand-Duke of Mecklenburg Strelitz, 
was successively the wife and widow of Prince 
Louis of Prussia, and pf Frederick- William, 
Prince of Sahns Braunfels. 

Paul Rapin De Thoyras, a native of Cas- 
tres, in Languedoc, and author of the best 
History of England extant, excepting, per- 
haps, that of Turner, was bom on ^e twenty- 
fifth of March, 1661. What would Hume 
have done, if Rapin had not lived before 
him ?. 

The last of the birth-days which we 
shall this month record, is that of the illus- 
trious Francis- Joseph Haydn, the Composer. 
He was bom at Rhorau, a small town, 
fifteen leagues distant from Vienna, on the 
thirty-first of March, 1732. By all lovers 
of music, Haydn's compositions are well 
known. He possessed an almost incredible 
acquaintance with every instrument which 
made a part of his orchestra. On the re- 
peated solicitations of the celebrated Salo- 
mon, who was then about to give concerts 
in the city of London, and who offered 
Haydn fifty pounds for each concert, he 
visited England at the age of fifty-nine. 
While residing here, he had two supreme 
gratifications : the one was that of hearing 
Handel in the height of his reputation ; the 
other, that of attending the ancient con- 
certs, which then existed in great strength 
of talent, and strength of patronage. 

By some it may be noticed, as another 
very " remarkable coincidence," that Bee- 
thoven should have died on the same day of 



174 



MEN, WOMEN, AND EVENTS 



the month on which Haydn was bom. This, 
however, did actually occur in the year 1 827. 

Of death-days of eminent individuals in 
March, the number is greater than that of 
birth-days. We shall notice a few. 

Three individuals, each eminent in his 
day, and in the estimation of posterity, 
paid the great debt of nature on the 2nd of 
March : Solomon Gesner, the poet and 
painter, in 1788 ; John Wesley, the founder 
of the more numerous section of the Me- 
thodists, in 1791 ; and Horace Walpole, 
Earl of Orford, in 1797. Gesner, a native 
of Zurich, was placed under a bookseller 
at Berlin, but he eloped from his master, 
and devoted himself to the sister arts of 
painting and poetry. Of his numerous 
pastoral and other poems, his Death of 
Abel is best known in this country. Wal- 
pole, the resident of Strawberry Hill, is re- 
membered more for his love of literature 
and the arts, than for his abilities as a 
statesman. His Castle of Otranto, Historic 
Doubts of the Life and Reign of Richard 
III., the Mysterious Mother, the Catalogue 
of Royal and Noble Authors, are works in 
the enjo3nnent of durable fame. 

Saladin, the famous Sultan of Egypt, 
defeated by Richard Coeur de Lion, and 
indebted for much of his modem celebrity 
to Sir Walter Scott, died on the 4th of 
March, 1193. 

Antonio AUegri da Correggio, immortal- 
ized by the divinity of his productions as 
a painter, died on the 5th of March, 1534 ; 
Henry Wharton, Divine, Antiquary, and 
Historian, author of Anglia Sacra, and 
other works, on the same day, in 1695; 
Dr. Thomas Augustine Ame, who com- 
posed the music for Thompson's and Mal- 
let's Masque of Alfred, and for Milton's 
Comus, in 1778 ; and Alessandro Volta, 
the inventor of the Voltaic pile, or column 
of electricity, in 1826 or 1827. Dr. Ame, 
who was the brother of the celebrated Mrs. 
Cibber, composed also the music of Arta- 
xerxes, and about thirty other dramatic 
pieces. Volta, who was bom at Como, in 
1745, was for 30 years Professor of Natural 
Philosophy, at Pavia, and he was made an 
Italian Count and Senator by Buonaparte. 

It would be unpardonable were we not 
to remind our readers that Dr. Parr died on 
the 6th of March, 1835, at the age of 79. 

On the 7th. in 1810, died Cuthbert, 
Lord Collingwood, participator with Nel- 
son in the glories of Trafalgar. 



William III., Prince of Orange and Nas- 
sau, and successor of the Stuarts on the 
English throne, died on the 8th of March, 
1 703. Sir William Chambers, the archi- 
tect of Somerset House, died on the 8th of 
March, 1796. Sir William, though of 
Scotch descent, was by birth a Swede, and 
his knighthood was conferred by the King 
of Sweden. 

David Rizzio, the presumed favorite, in 
some senses of the word, of Mary Queen 
of Scots, was assassinated through the 
wretched imbecility of her husband, and the 
vindictive fiiry of his associates, on the 9th 
of March, 273 years ago. Mary's mur- 
derer. Queen Elizabeth, lived 37 years after 
the perpetration of this sanguinary act : she 
perished, a writhing victim of remorse, on 
the 24th of March, 1603. In the Prefece 
to Mrs. Bray's admirable historic romance, 
Trelawney of Trelawne, we find the follow- 
ing vivid description of a portrait of Eliza- 
beth, which was presented by her to the 
** handsome Sir Jonathan Trelawney." It is 
still hanging in one of the apartments of the 
family mansion of Trelawney, in Cornwall, 
and is imderstood to have never been en- 
graved. Its transfer from canvas to copper 
or steel, by the burin of Robinson, or of 
Bromley, would be the means of enriching 
many a collection. 

"It represents her when young. The 
hair is sandy, the complexion fair, a slight 
colour in the cheeks, the forehead high and 
broad, the eyes grey, a short compressed 
chin, with a small mouth. The whole pos- 
sesses quite sufficient pretensions to beauty 
to make any flattery on the subject that 
might have been paid to the woman pass 
unsuspected by the queen. The counte- 
nance is serious, indicative of good sense, 
with no want of fimmess of character ; but 
there is nothing of that deep expression, 
that elevation of mind, which tells of imagi- 
native powers and nicely sensitive feelings. 
The likeness, I have no doubt, was fedthfiil, 
allowing for difference of age in the same 
person. This portrait of Elizabeth reminded 
me of her as she appeared so admirably 
sculptured in the effigy on her tomb. I 
understand that there has been some differ- 
ence of opinion as to the time in which this 
was painted ; but from a long and intimate 
acquaintance with old pictures, I do not he- 
sitate to say, (confirmed as the opinion is 
by the style in which the figure is dressed,) 
that it was executed in the reign of her sis- 



OF THE MONTH BEFORE US. 



175 



ter. Queen Mary, as the gown is of that 
trae Spanish cut which Mary introduced 
at court as a compliment to her husband, 
after her marriage with the bigotted King 
Philip. The waist is long, and stiff as a 
piece of armour ; the stomacher part of gold, 
on white, satin of diaper work, consisting of 
roses, acorns, and oak leaves. The purple 
dress is decorated, over the long sleeves, 
with pearls in roses. The head is enriched 
with gems, aad a jewel appears in the front 
above the forehead. She has five rounds of 
massive gold chain over her shoulders, and 
a smaller chain of gold round the throat ; 
her cuflfe are of lace." 

Francis Beaumont, associate dramatist of 
John Fletcher, was descended from a very 
ancient family of that name, seated at Grace 
Dieu, in Leicestershire. Beaumont is said 
to have been remarkable for the acciuracy of 
Ms judgment ; Fletcher, for the force of his 
imagination. In Dryden's time, two of their 
plays were acted for one of Shakspeare*s. 
In the present time, while Shakspeare's 
dramas are (thanks to Macready at Covent 
Garden Theatre) famished as our nightly 
fine, those of Beaumont and Fletcher, though 
excellent in their kind, are only occasionally 
produced, and after they have been subjected 
to the hatchet rather than the pruning-knife 
of the critic. Beaumont died on the 9th 
of March, 1616; Fletcher, in 1625. Philip 
Massinger, perhaps second only to Shak- 
speare, died on the 17th of March, 1640, 
and is said to have been buried in the same 
grave with Fletcher in the churchyard of 
St. Saviour's, Southwark. Massinger pub- 
lished fourteen plays of his own writing, and 
had a share with Middleton, Rowley, and 
Decker, in several others. The best edition 
of his works, edited by William Grifford, 
was published a few years ago, by Miuray. 
He was regarded as a very expeditious 
writer. 

" His ea^ Pegasus will ramble o'er 
Some three score miles of faDcy in an hour." 

Dr. E. D. Clarke, the traveller, and pro- 
fessor of mineralogy at Cambridge, died on 
the nth of March, 1822; and Anne Le- 
titia Barbauld, daughter of the Rev. John 
Aikin, and one of the most popular female 
writers of the age, died on the same day of 
the month, in 1825, at the age of eighty- 
two. 

Sir John Denham, the poet, who attended 
Charles II. in his exile, died on the 10th of 
March, 1668. Benjamin West, President 



of the 1 loyal Academy, who, though an 
American by birth, contributed more towards 
the elevation of the character of historic de- 
sign in this country than any other artist 
whom we have a right to claim, died on the 
same day of the month, in 1820. West 
was a man of great talent rather than of 
splendid genius. No one was better ac- 
quainted with composition and the details of 
the art than West. 

Dr. George Gregory, the divine, (not 
John Gregory, the physician, who wrote 
an abominably mischievous book, entitled a 
Father's Legacy to his Daughters,) died on 
the 12th of March, 1808. We are indebted 
to him for the Life of Chatterton, the Eco- 
nomy of Nature, and many other valuable 
works. 

On the 13th, at the age of sixty-four, 
died Thomas Herring, Archbishop of Can- 
terbury, who, in the rebellion of 1745, ex- 
erted himself with great zeal in defence of 
the Government. 

Admiral Byng was shot on the 14th of 
March, 1757. Respecting the death of this 
ill-fated individual, Mr. Croker, in his notes 
to BosweU's Johnson, and Sir John Barrow, 
in his recently-published Life of Lord Anson, 
are at issue ; the former contending that 
Byng did not, the latter that he did, fall a 
victim to political party. On collating the 
proofs and arguments of these two writers, 
we cannot but pronounce the preponderance 
of evidence to be in the affirmative ; in fact, 
that Byng's execution was a judicial mur- 
der. The court martial had no option in 
returning their verdict; but the law by 
which Admiral Byng was sentenced to death 
was cruel and detestable, and, in conse- 
quence, was subsequently repealed. 

Frederic Theophilus Klopstock, the great 
German poet, author of the Messiah, &c., 
died on the 14th of March, 1803, at the age 
of seventy-nine. His countrymen were ac- 
customed to anticipate that the Messiah 
would eclipse Milton's Paradise Lost. Their 
anticipations on that point, however, have 
not been realised. 

On the 15th of March, 1883 years ago, 
Julius Caesar was assassinated in the Capitol. 

Dr. Burnet, the celebrated theorist, whose 
work entitled Archeologia Antiqua de Rerwfn 
Originibus excited a Hvely interest in the 
philosophical world, died on the 17th of 
March, 1715. The great feature of his book 
is that the earth is merely the wreck of a 
planet. On the same day of the month, in 



176 



MEN, WOMEN, AND EVENTS 



1828, died Sir James Edward Smith, an 
eminent physician and naturalist. He es- 
tablished the linnsean Society, was its first 
president, and was knighted by George IV. 

Sir Robert Walpole, the statesman, Lau- 
rence Sterne, the sentimentalist, and Home 
Tooke the politician and philologist, all died 
on the 18th of March : the first, in 1745 ; 
the second in 1768 ; the third, in 1812. 

Captain Thomas Coram, the eccentric but 
benevolent builder of the Foundling Hos- 
pital, died on the 19th of March, 1751. 

On the same day of the month, in 1727, 
died Sir Isaac Newton. 

On the 21st of March, in 1556, Thomas 
Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, pe- 
rished at the stake, a martyr to the faith 
which he had previously abjured. It hajs 
recently been determined at Oxford, that a 
church shall be built in commemoration of 
the event. Whether the memorial should 
be a church or a statue was a question long 
mooted. 

Goethe, the greatest, the most varied, the 
sublimest genius of modem times, (what- 
ever Christopher North, gifted as he is, may 
insist upon to the contrary,) expired on the 
22nd of March, 1832. Commenting on 
this event, the writer of the present no- 
tice thus expressed himself a twelvemonth 
ago:— 

'' His Faust and his Wilhehn Meister, to say 
nothing of a thousand other wonderful produc- 
tions, are works of immortality. Indeed, had 
his creative mind never given birth to aught but 
the character of Mignon, in Wilhelm Meister, he 
would have immortalised himself beyond any 
other writer that has appeared for centuries. 
Since the days of Shakspeare, nothing can for a 
moment be placed in competition witli Mignon. 
She is a creation, a vivid palpable existence of 
truly divine origin. How well did Sir Walter 
Scott understand this when he meanly, we had 
almost said basely, stole the character of Mig- 
non, and, as the gypsies treat the hapless chil- 
dren whom they steal, so disguised and mutilated 
it, that it was scarcely to be recc^nised even by 
its legitimate parent. We hardly need say that 
we allude to the poverty-struck plagiarism of 
Fenella, in the novel of Peveril of the Peak. The 
German language was comparativelv little un- 
derstood at the time when the then was com- 
mitted> and detection probably was not antici- 
pated. However, with that utter want of tact, 
of which we could not have suspected Sir Wal- 
ter Scott's son-in-law, Mr. Lockhart has, for 
the last eight or nine months, been incessantly 
labouring to remove the idol of the ignorant and 
of the prejudiced from the pedestal which it has 
long unjustly occupied. Thanks to Mr. Lock- 
hart for his pains." 



Kotzebue, another popular German writer, 
was assassinated on the 23rd of March, 
1819 ; and ten years afterwards, on the 
same day of the month, died Weber, the 
prince of modem musical composers. 

John Evelyn, a writer particularly skilled 
in horticulture, painting/engraving, aichi. 
tecture, and numismatics, upon all of which 
he published treatises, died on the 24tli 
of March, 1766, at the age of 86. His 
chief work was ** Sylvia, oj a Discourse of 
Forest Trees, &c.," the first book that 
was published by oi^er of the Royal So- 
ciety. Evelyn's Memoirs, Diary, Corres- 
pondence, &c., published in 1819, consti- 
tute one of the pleasantest reading books 
of the age. Of his garden, at Say's Court, 
near Deptford — one of the finest in the 
kingdom — a curious account is given in the 
Philosophical Transactions. 

Sir John Vanbrugh, dramatist and archi- 
tect, a contemporary and fnend of Con- 
greve, died of a quinsy, at Whitehall, 
on the 26th of March, 1726. Sir John 
was descended from an ancient family in 
Cheshire, deriving its immediate origin fiom 
France, though probably of Dutch extrac- 
tion. Blenheim, in Oxfordshire — Clare- 
mont, in Surrey — and the old Opera House, 
in the Haymarket, were of his constructioa. 
When Betterton and Congreve obtained a 
patent for erecting a theatre in the Hay- 
market, Vanbmgh wrote The Confederacy, 
at once the wittiest and most licentious d 
all his productions. He and Congreve were 
special objects of Collier's attack, in that 
writer's work on the profiEineness and im- 
morality of the stage. 

Dr. James Hutton, author of the Huto- 
nian theory of Geology, according to which, 
fire is the chief agent in the structure of the 
earth, died on the 26th of March, 1797. 

On the 27th of March, 1626, died 
James I. ; and, on the same day of f^t 
month, in 1699, died Benjamin Stilling- 
fleet, bishop of Worcester, author of several 
erudite, pious, and philosophical works. 
Sir Kenelm Digby imputes the strpng 
aversion which James I. had to a drawn 
sword, to the fright his mother was in 
during her pregnancy, at the sight of the 
swords with which Rjzzio was assassinated 
in her presence. " Hence it came," says 
he, " that her son, king James, had such 
an aversion, all his life- time, to a naked 
sword, that he could not see one without 
a great emotion of the spirits, although 



RECEIPT OF JOHN NOURSE. 



177 



otherwise courageous enough ; yet he could 
not overmaster his passions in this parti- 
cular. I remember when he dubbed me 
knight, in the ceremony of putting the 
point of a naked sword upon my shoulder, 
he could not endure to look upon it, but 
turned his face another way ; insomuch 
that, in lieu of touching my shoulder, he 
had almost thrust the point into my eyes, 
had not the Duke of Buckingham guided 
his hand aright." This monarch gained 
some credit by his book of instructions 
to his son Henry, entitled Basilicon Doron, 
which indicated an acquaintance with the 
theory of government ; but his Damono- 
logia was feeble and pedantic ; and his 
Counterblast to Tobacco would be laughed 
to scorn by the cigar-smokers of our time. 
James's verse was still worse than his 
prose. 

General Sir Ralph Abercromby, the hero 
of Alexandria, died on the 28th of March, 

1801, a week after his grand victory. 

On the 30th, William Hunter, the 
anatomist will have been dead iifty-six 
years. 

March is a memorable> month for astrono- 
mical phenomena. The late Sir William 
Herschell discovered the Georgium Sidus 
on the 13th, 1781. On the afternoon of Fri- 
day the 15th, there will be an eclipse of the 
ami, commencing at twenty-three minutes 
past three, and ending at four minutes past 
four. On the 19th. 2,559 years will have 
dapsed since the first recorded eclipse of 
the moon. On the 28th of this month, 

1802, Dr. Olbers discovered the planet 
Pallas; and on the 29th, 1807, the same 
astronomer discovered Vesta. 

The battle of Alexandria, in which Aber- 
cromby received his death-wound, was 
fought on the 21st of March, 1801 ; on 
the 27th, 1802, the peace, or '* hollow 
*nned truce," of Amiens was ratified ; on 
the 30th, in 1282, occurred the memorable 



Sicilian Vespers; on the 31st, in 1814, 
the Allied Sovereigns entered Paris. 

Numerous are the days of note, civil 
and religious, in March, 1 839. For many 
curious and amusing details respecting the 
latter, the reader may, when we shall have 
enumerated them, refer to Bourne's Anti- 
quitates Vulgares, Brand's Popular Anti- 
quities, Brady's Clavis Calendar, Hone's 
Everyday Book, &c. 

The 1st of March is the festival of St. 
David, uncle to the famous Prince Arthur, 
and patron of Wales, Had he lived in our 
day, he would have been elected patron also 
of the Temperance Societies; for he ate 
nothing but vegetables, and drank nothing 
but milk and water. Having founded twelve 
monasteries, he was borne to Heaven by 
a troop of angels; — so, at least, we are 
told. 

St. Chad, the founder of the see of 
Lichfield in the seventh century, was ac- 
customed to have his virtues annually cele- 
brated on the 2nd of March. St. Chad's 
well, formerly regarded as of medical if not 
of miraculous virtue, is, or was recently, in 
existence nearly at the bottom of the Gray's 
Inn Lane Road, on the approach to Battle 
Bridge. 

St. Winwaloe, another abstinent and 
self-punishing saint, who makes a great 
figiure in the legends of the Romish church, 
had her festival on the 3d. 

The seventh is the day of St. Perpetua ; 
the 12th that of St. Gregory ; the 1 7th that 
of St. Patrick; the 18th that of St. Shelah, 
the wife, mother, or sister, nobody knows 
which, of St. Patrick ; the 21st that of St. 
Benedict, when the Spring quarter com- 
mences. On the 22nd, Cambridge Term 
ends ; on the day following that of Oxford. 
The 24th is Palm Sunday ; the 25th Lady 
Day ; the 28th Maunday Thursday ; the 
29th Good Friday; the 31st Easter Sun- 
day ; and then^ — ^hey for the holidays ! 



A RECEIPT OF JOHN NOURSE, BOOKSELLER TO Dr. POCOCKE. 



From the Collection of a Lady. 

April the 7th 1743 Received of the Rev. Dr. Pococke Seven Copies of his first 
Volume of The Description of the East for which I promise to pay him Nine Guineas When 
Sold or in proportion for any Number I Shall use to return the Remainder. 

John Nourse 



^ 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



The History of the Rise and Progress of the 
New British Province of South Australia. By 
John Stephens. 8vo. Smith, Elder, and Co. 
1839. 

In a preceding sheet (p. 143), we noticed Mr. 
Gouger's " South Australia in 1837," as " a 
cheap, compact, and very excellent little manual 
for the emigrant and settler." The volume now 
before us, upon a lar^r scale, but in the same 
spirit, includes particulars descriptive of the 
soil, climate, natural productions, &c. of South 
Australia," and proo^ of its superiority to all 
other British colonies; embracing also a full 
account of the Australian Company, with hints 
to various classes of emigrants, and numerous 
letters from settlers concerning wages, provi- 
sions, their satisfaction with the colony, &c." 
From Mr. Stephens's Preface, we learn, that a 
previous edition of this work having been dis- 
posed of, under the title of " The Land of Pro- 
mise," the author was induced, by the sugges- 
tions of experienced friends, to extend his plan, 
and re-produce it, with the authority of his 
name, in its present forjn. We consder the de- 
termination to have been judicious. And now — 

" The author ventures to persuade himself that 
those who may read these pages with a view to 
come at the real merits of the self-supporting 
colonv, will arrive at the same conclusion with 
him, and will be led to regard the provmce of 
South Australia as offering, to capitalists and la- 
bourers alike, the best prospect of securing that 
easy and peaceful independence which is now so 
rarely to be witnessed amongst the tradesmen, 
agriculturists, and mechanics of this crowded 
Isle." 

Here is an important point in favour of South 
Australia as a settlement : 

" In the old colonies vast tracts of land were 
granted to favourites: in South Australia no 
land whatever is granted on any other terms 
than the pajnment of a fixed price per acre. In 
the old colonies there has always oeen a defici- 
ency of labourers; and, if capitalists imported 
them, land was so cheap that they immediately 
ceased to work for hire, and without adequate 
capital began to be farmers on their own ac- 
count; the result of which was, that the largest 
possible quantity of land was cultivated in the 
worst possible manner. But in South Australia 
a remedy at once simple and effectual has been 

{jrovided ; the whole net proceeds of the sales of 
and being appropriated to give a free passage to 
young and industrious emigrants of both sexes ; 
by which means the capitalist will be insured an 
adequate supply of labour. Thus the purchaser 
does not buy land so much as the facility of ob- 
taining combined labour — that which alone 
makes land valuable. Here, then, is the first at- 



tempt in the history of colonization, to plant a 
colony upon correct principles, to ensure to the 
labourer employment, and to the capitalist an 
ample supply of labour." 

Again : — 

" The distinguishing features in the constitu- 
tion of South Australia are chiefly these : — ^that 
it is a free colony, the locations gradually diverge 
from a common centre, that the land is sold at a 
fixed price, and that the money accruing from 
the sale of land is devoted to the supply of la- 
bour by gratuitous transport." 

Of the chmate, seasons, &c., Mr. Stephens 
thus speaks : — 

" Australia being the antipodes of England, 
when it is summer with us'it is winter there, and 
vice versa. The months of December, January, 
and February, form its summer quarter; when 
the atmosphere, though hot during the day, is, 
nevertheless, not at all debilitating, a cool, 
bracing breeze setting in towards evening. Our 
June, July, and August, form the Australian 
winter, which is there a season of rain, rather 
than snow; for, though there are sometimes 
slight frosts, all traces of these disappear on the 
rising of the sun. During these months, how- 
ever, a fire is certainly agreeable in the morn- 
ing and evening. Australia being so much farther 
east than England, the sun rises there ten hours 
sooner than with us. At noon the temperature 
is higher than in England in the corresponding 
seasons; but there is little difference in the 
mornings and evenings. The Australian sky is 
usually clear and brilnant, and the atmosphere 
dry, pure, and elastic. In the summer season a 
haze sometimes hangs over the logoons and 
rivers; but it disappears before the- first rays of 
sun." 

Mr. Stephens cites numerous authorities to 
shew, that no doubt remains as to the capabi- 
lities of the soil of South Australia. There 
does not appear to be a single species of vege- 
table that cannot be cultivated with success, 
except those with which the climate is at vari- 
ance. 

" All the authenticated accounts we have seen, 
agree as to the fertility of the soil, and most of 
the settlers speak quite rapturously on the 
subject, comparing it to the richest parts of our 
own country. Nor is this unanimous judgment 
founded merely on an inspection of the earth, 
or on the verdant aspect of its spontaneous pro^ 
ductions, even in the depth of winter ; but the 
inference drawn from these appearances, has 
been confirmed by the success which has so far 
crovvned every experiment in horticulture, and 
from the other ocular proofs afforded by the 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



179 



greatly improved condition of even the working 
cattle." 

The aborigines of South Australia are repre- 
sented in a much more favourable Ught than that 
in which they have customarily been received* 
They are mild, intelligent, and docile. On this 
idbject, Mr. Stephens quotes the testimony of 
Major Mitchell : — 

" ' My experience enables me to speak in the 
most favourable terms of the aborigmes, whose 
de^;raded position in the midst of the white popu- 
lation, affords no just criterion of their merits. 
The quickness oj' apprehension o/" those in the 
INTERIOR was very extraordinary; for nothing 
in all the complicated adaptations we carried 
with us either surprised or puzzled them. They 
are never awkward ; on the contrary, in man- 
ners and general inteUigence, they appear supe- 
rior to any class of white rustics that I have 
seen. Their powers of mimicry seem extraor- 
dinary, and their shrewdness shines even through 
the medium of imperfect language, and renders 
them, in general, very agreeable companions.' 
The major makes a simih^ remark respecting a 
party of natives he fell in with on reaching the 
Darling. * Nothing,' says he, * seemed to ex- 
cite their surprise, neither horses nor bullocks, 
although they had never before seen such ani- 
mals, nor white men, carts, weapons, dress, or 
any thing else we had. All were quite new to 
them, and equally strange ; yet they beheld the 
cattle as if they had been always amongst them, 
and seemed to understand the use of every thing 
at once.'" ***** 

*' Their weapons are few and simple. The 
spear and throwing-stick for distant use ; and 
the waddy and dirk, made of kangaroo-bone or 
some hard wood, for close quarters, are their 
only offensive arms. They carry, also, a small 
diamond-shaped shield, made of the bark of the 
gum tree. The boomerang of New South Wales, 
and the bow and arrow of the natives of the 
northern coast, are never seen among them. 
They are very expert at throwing the spear ; 
some of them will make sure of their mark 
at fifty yards; the generality of them can at 
thirtyyards. 

** They make a practice of taking the life of 
one of any tribe who may have taken the life of 
one of theirs ; and this without regard to the 
groimds of the provocation. Indeed, according 
to the confessions of some of the native females 
who have acquired a httle English by Uving with 
the whalers, murder does not appear to be con- 
sidered a crime amonsst them ; entailing no dis- 
grace, but only exposing the perpetrator to the 
retribution of the avenger of blood, whose right 
to exercise his sanguinary office is admitted ; 
and, when once exercised, no more is thought 
about it. 

" Although it is quite clear, as already stated, 
that the natives believe in the existence of a 
spirit, whom they consider the author of ill, and 
fear, but do not worship, it is not as yet known 



that they have any reUgious rites or ceremonies; 
nor have they been detected in any obser^^ance 
indicative of an idea of the existence of a Su- 
preme Being. An interesting fact, however, 
occurred in the month of September, 1837, 
which would seem to show that they are not al- 
together without 'light.' A native boy who 
had acquired a smattering of Enghsh, was ac- 
cused of theft. He stoutly denied the charge, 
and appealed, for a confirmation of his denial, 
to his father and mother, both of whom were 
dead. This evinces some notion of a future 
state ; and it is probable that these, Uke so many 
other barbarians, of both ancient and modern 
date, have vague notions of the existence of a 
good, as well as of an evil spirit." 

Amongst the illustrations of this volume, we 
find an elaborately laid out plan of the City of 
Adelaide, with the acre allotments, now num- 
bered, as surveyed and drawn by Colonel Light. 

" The city of Adelaide Ues, for the most part, 
upon two hills of Umestone, and the rest upon a 
fine clay, in latitude 34 deg. 67 min. S., long. 
138 deg. 38 min. E., on the eastern side of the 
Gulf St. Vincent, nearly six miles from the sea, 
and about the same distance from a beautiful 
range of hills, of which Mount Lofty is the most 
prominent. It is divided into two unequal parts 
by the river Torrens, (called by the natives Yl- 
tala,) in summer a small stream, but in winter 
literally a torrent, with deep pools at interval?, 
rising in the mountains, and expending itself 
in the swamp, into which a branch of the har- 
bour has been found to emerge. The stream, if 
dammed up, as proposed, at some distance be- 
low the site of the town, so as to retain about 
ten feet more water, would form a most pictu- 
resque and beautifiil river, intersecting, in its 
course, the eastern and western divisions of tht 
city. The situation of the city is very fine, 
whether approached from the harbour or from 
Holdfast Bay ; the road from both these places 
is over an extensive plain, Ughtly timbered. Its 
greatest drawback (the not being a sea-port, a 
disadvantage which has been severely felt by the 
first settlers, whose means of transport were ne- 
cessarily limited) may be remedied by the settle- 
ment of Port Adelaide (distant about six miles), 
and where, indeed, 29 acres were selected with 
that view, by the purchasers of the preUminary 
sections ; and also by the formation of a rail- 
road or canal, for either of which the country is 
admirably adkpted, being almost a dead level 
from the port to the foot of the rising ground 
on which the city is constructed. In all other 
respects the situation is unexceptionable." * '*' 

" The golden hopes and well-grounded anti- 
cipations of the commissioners have already, in 
part, been realized in this infant colony ; for, 
ever since the foundation-stone was laid, the 
value of the town lots has been rapidly increas- 
ing. Through the demand made by new comers 
from England, or from the surrounding colo- 
nies, they have sold at 50/. per acre ; and an in- 
telligent proprietor of about fifty acres says, ' I 



180 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



value mine, one with another, at 100/. each.' 
Mr. Morphett, too, in a letter to his constituents, 
says, — * The price of to\yn land is increasing so 
rapidly, that, in the course of a year or two, I 
should not he surprised at its fetching from 100/. 
to 300/. per acre.' " * * * * 

" A considerahle rise has, it appears, ab^ady 
taken place in the value of rural land, as well as 
the town lots, owing in part to emigration from 
the neighbouring colonies. The holders of the 
preliminary sections gave but 12«. an acre for 
them, and can now readily obtain 21, ; but they 
are by no means anxious to sell." 

The formation of another town, adapted for 
trading as weU as for agricultural purposes, is 
contemplated. 

The rearing and feeding of sheep and cattle 
are going forward most auspiciously. 

"The first fruits of the splendid feeding 
grounds of South Australia have already reached 
this country. On the 28th of August, the 
Oratory Terry, via Mauritius, brought four bales 
of wool shipped at Port Adelaide in December 
last, being the first clip of a South Australian 
flock. This is the second import from the 
colony — the first being 150 barrels of sperm oil, 
by the Rapid, for the South Australian Company. 
Both may be regarded as an earnest of the future 
staple of the colony ; and, small as is the quan- 
tity, it is exceedingly gratifying to know that 
the two great branches of the colonial trade, 
the wool trade and the whaling trade, have been 
so speedily and so auspiciously commenced." 

The entire population of South Australia is 
now estimated at about 6000. 
We learn that 

" A sort of pleasure town or watering-place 
will also be estabUshed, which in all probabiUty 
will attract invalids from India, who at present 
are obliged either to make a long voyage to 
England, where the cUmate is inferior and less 
suitable than that of South Australia, or are 
compelled to undergo the fatigue of an inland 
journey to a temperate northern latitude." 

The most unfavourable point that we have 
yet encountered in the perused of Mr. Stephens's 
volume, is that 

" South Australia is distinguished from all 
other British colonies, by the circumstance that 
no provision has been made by the state for the 
promotion of religion. The voluntary prin- 
ciple will, therefore, be fairly put to the test. It 
is yet too early to decide the question ; but con- 
siderable activity has been manifested in provid- 
ing, by voluntary subscriptions, for the spiritual 
necessities of the settlers." 

However, an association formed in connexion 
with the Society for the Propagation of the Gos- 
pel, has ajssisted such of the colonists as were 
attached to the established religion; and, on 
the 26th of January, 1838, the foundation of a 
new stone church was laid. The clergyman. 



the Rev. C. B. Howard, is to receive from the 
colonial government a yearly stipend of 250/., 
no fees of office whatever being allowed. The 
Weslean methodists have a rather numerous con- 
legation ; and there are various other dissent- 
ing sects in the colony. 

" Arrangements have been made to provide 
sound moral and religious education for the 
rising generation of South Australia, by the 
estabhshment of a school for the children of 
the emigrants, and one upon an extensive scale, 
for the purpose of providing the means of supe- 
rior education for the children of the higher 
classes of the colonists, not only of South Aus- 
tralia, but of Van Dieman's Land and New South 
Wales." 

Provisions and clothing of all sorts hear 
very high prices in South Australia ; but wages 
are still higher in proportion. LaboiMng men 
get from 6s. to 7s. per diem ; mechanics, from 
7s. to 10s. or 2/. per week, with their victuals. 
An able blacksmith may make 20s. per diem, 
and not work so hard as in England for 7'- A 
labourer says, a man and his wife may hve on 
16s. a- week, and save 20s. 

The general and detailed views which Mr. 
Stephens gives of the state of the colony, are 
altogether of the most satisfactory description. 



Ball's Graphic Libraiy for Domestic Instruction. 
The Life of' Christ Illustrated. Part I. 
Small 4to. pp. 48. Ball and Co. 1839. 

There is abundant room for a publication so 
desirable as this in its religious character, so 
beautiful in its graphic and typographic execu- 
tion. From its prospectus we learn, that sacred 
biography, biblical antiquities, geography, &c., 
are intended to form some of the earnest sub- 
jects of the series. The " Life of Christ," the 
first of the series, is to consist of four parts, re- 
spectively illustrating the exaltation, humili- 
ation, miracles, discourses, parables, and ex- 
amples of the Saviour. The text is to " consist 
of the words of the authorised version of the 
sacred narrative, with a commentary of the 
choicest and most beautiful passages selected 
from the writings of about one hundred cele- 
brated Divines of every Christian denomination; 
and the wood-cut illustrations are promised to 
be "taken from the greatest works of the 
ancient and modem masters." 

So far as we are enabled to judge from the 
Part before us, the execution of the work is 
likely to prove in all respects satisfactory. The 
Uterary portion seems to be judiciously selected 
and arranged ; the paper and print are excellent; 
and the engravings, though not in every in- 
stance of the highest quali^ of art, are spirited 
and generally effective. There are in Part I. 
above fourteen subjects ; and in the entire work 
(The Life of Christ) there are to be eighty-four; 
thirty-six representing the grand incidents of 
the life, and forty-eight head and tail-pieces. 
Twelve of the designs in No. I. are from paint- 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



181 



mgi by Spsgnoletto, Oyerbach, Seghers, Ouido, 
Vandyke, Bafi^Ue, and Cassas. 

We must be allowed to remark, that the draw- 
ing, though very elaborate, is in several in- 
stances derective ; but, with one or two excep- 
tions, the work of the engraver is well done ; 
and with one or two exceptions also, the cuts 
have the advantage of having been remarkably 
well printed. 

We heartily wish this pubUcation success. 



Stammering practically considered; with the 
Treatment in Detail, By T. Bartlett, Assis- 
tant Sui^eon to the King's Own Light In- 
fantry, l§mo. Sherwood and Co. 1839. 
Mb. Bartlett is obviously a practical man — 
one who perfectly understands the subject of 
which he treats ; and with him, and Sheridan, 
the great teacher of elocution, we are decidedly 
of opioion, " that, of the multitude of instances 
which qffer, of a vitiated articulation, there is 
not one in a thousand which proceeds from any 
natural defect or impediment." Mr. Bartlett, 
indeed, asserts, and, according to our judgment, 
completely establishes the position, that, — 

" So far from its being true that stammering 
is caused by malformation, it will be clearly 
proved that perfect articulation may take place, 
when the most important organs of speech have 
met with extensive injuries of a very severe and 
dangerous description, apparently rendering any 
articulation perfectly impossible." 

Here are some remarks which particularly 
daim the attention of parents : — 

** A knowledge of the correct mode of form- 
ing the different letters is of essential service to 
the stammerer, and to those who imagine they 
are not capable of pronouncing certain letters. 
I never yet saw any person, havmg no deficiency 
of structure, who, with proper tuition, could not 
pronounce every letter in the alphabet. When 
attempting a particular letter, to pronounce 
nhich there is an habitual difficulty, the trial 
should be made with extreme slowness and pre- 
cision : this holds good, not only with respect 
to letters, but also to words : in the latter in- 
stance, every syllable must be distinctly pro- 
nounced. From a difficulty experienced in the 
first attempts to pronounce a letter, the child — 
it most generally occurring in children — con- 
siders that it cannot be done, and consequently, 
when it is attempted to be spoken, it is with 
fear and trepidation : and, now, it frequently 
happens that the mother is angry with and 
scolds the child, which in many cases actually 
produces the very evil which it was intended to 
prevent. Instead of blaming the child, let the 
parent study the rules at the latter part of this 
essay, and ihe manner in which each letter is 
formed, and entice her child to follow her direc- 
tions ; this cannot be effected either by blows or 
by threats : if properly managed, the child will 
endeavour to please its parent. If this course 
be pursued, it will be found that the difficulty 



wiU very soon disappear; but if, instead of fol- 
lowing this plan of treatment, the friends blame 
and diastise, there exists a very strong proba- 
iHlity, that, instead of curing the child of its 
supposed incapability of articulating one letter, 
they will be the means of making it incapable 
of pronouncing many : and this, I fear, occurs 
not infrequentw. The prevention of an evil is 
at all times easier than its cure." 

In the course of his Essay Mr. Bartlett ad- 
duces several very extraordinary cases of suf- 
fering and of cure ; and his rules are so ex- 
tremely simple, that they may be successfriUy 
acted upon by any inteUigent person. These 
are his closing remarks : — 

" The reasons why stammerers can sing with 
such facility, are. First, in singing, the accent 
is laid on the vowels only, which I have shewn 
to be the easier of pronunciation. Languages 
abounding in vowels are peculiarly fitted for 
singing. It is supposed by some that the 
Italians owe their superiority in music to their 
smooth and sonorous language. Secondly, 
there is at all times a sufficiency of air for 
articulation; all persons being aware that a 
full chest is indispensable to ^od effect in 
singing. Thirdly, the modulation materially 
assists the stammerer. Fourthly, in the vast 
majority of songs, the words are articulated 
much slower than in common conversation; 
and. Fifthly, the stammerer is aware that he 
can at any time, if desirable, sing the air, with- 
out articulating the words of the song. This 
circumstance is of great utility to him, from his 
knowing that h*e need not use the organs of 
speech : he possesses confidence, and can very 
frequently articulate with perfect ease, although 
if he felt compelled to smg the words as well 
as the air of the song, he could not accomplish 
it. How frequently has it occurred to me to 
hear a stammerer, after singing with perfect 
distinctness the words of a song, utter the 
most disagreeable noises in endeavouring to 
return thanks for the plaudits of his friends. 



Heads of the People taken off, by Quizfizzz, No. 
IV. Tyas, 1839. 

This clever and spirited little work, popular as 
it is in England appears to be still more popular 
in France. It is actually in the course of weekly 
republication at Paris in a style that may be 
pronounced almost splendid ; each of the 
"Heads," with its appropriate literary illus- 
tration, constituting a part, on large fine paper, 
with handsome head and tail pieces, ornamental 
letters, &c., and all for six sous ! 

The Heads in No. IV. are: — the Monthly 
Nurse, the Auctioneer, the Landlady, and the 
Parlour Orator: the first illustrated by Leigh 
Hunt ; the second by Douglas Jerrold, as Henry 
Brownrigg; the third and fourth by Charles 
Whitehead. 



182 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



From the Monthly Nurse we subjoin a few 
brief excerpta : — 

" The Monthly Nurse — taking the class in the 
lump, without such exceptions as will be noticed 
before we conclude — is a middle-aged, motherly 
sort of a gossoping, hushing, flattering, dicta- 
torial, knowing, ignorant, not very delicate, 
comfortable, uneasy, sUp-slop kind of a blink- 
ing individual, between asleep and awake, whose 
business it is — ^under Providence and the doctor 
— ^to see that a child be not ushered with too 
little ofliciousness into the world, nor brought 
up with too much good sense during the first 
month of its existence." 

Her qualities : — 

" She is the only maker of caudle in the 
world. She takes snuff ostentatiously, drams 
advisedly, tea incessantly, advice indignantly, a 
nap when she can get it, cold whenever there is 
a crick in the door, and the remainder of what- 
soever her mistress leaves to eat or drink, pro- 
vided it is what somebody else would like to 
have." * * * "She has not the 
relish for a 'bit o' dinner' that the servant- 
maid has ; though nobody but the washerwoman 
beats her at a ' dish o' tea,' or at that which 
'keeps cold out of the stomach,' and puts weak- 
ness into it. If she is thin, she is generally 
straight as a stick, being of a condition of body 
that not even drams wifl tumefy. K she is fat, 
she is one of the fiibsiest of the cosy ; though 
rheumatic withal, and requiring a complexional 
good-nature to settle the irritabiUties of her 
position, and turn the balance in favour of com- 
fort or hope." 

Consolations and enjoyments : — 

"Her greatest consolation under a death 
(next to the comer-cupboard, and the not hav- 
ing had her advice taken about a piece of flan- 
nel) is the handsomeness of the corpse ; and her 
greatest pleasure in life, is when kdy and bady 
are both gone to sleep, the fire bright, the kettle 
boiling, and her corns quiescent. She then first 
takes a pinch of snuff, by way of pungent antici- 
pation of bUss, or as a sort of concentrated 
essence of satisfaction ; then a glass of spirits — 
then puts the water in the tea-pot — then takes 
another glass of spirits (the last having been a 
small one, and the coming tea affording a 
'counteraction') — then smoothes down her 
apron, adjusts herself in her arm-chair, pours 
out the first cup of tea, and sits for a minute or 
two staring at the fire, with the sohd compla- 
cency of an owl, — ^perhaps not without some- 
thing of his snore, between wheeze and snuff- 
box," 

Estimation of character : — 

" Her first endeavour, when she comes into a 
house, is to see how far she can establish an un- 
disputed authority on all points. In proportion 
to her success or otherwise in this object, she 
looks upon the lady as a charming, reasonable, 
fine, weak, cheatable creature, whose husband 



(as she tells him) ' can never be too grateful for 
her bearing such troubles on his account ;' or as 
a Frenchified conceited madam, who will turn 
out a deplorable match for the poor gentlemen, 
and assuredly be the death of the baby with her 
tantrums about 'natural Uvins,' and her blas- 
phemies against rum, pieces of fat, and Daily's 
EUxir. llie gentleman in like manner — or 
'master,' as the humbler ones call him — in, 
accordingly as he behaves himself, and receives 
her revelations for gospel, a 'sweet good man' 
— ' quite a gentleman ' — 'just the very model of 
a husband for mistress,' &c. &c. ; or, on the 
other hand, he is a ' very strange gentleman '— 
' quite an oddity ' — one that is ' not to be taught 
his own good ' — ^that will " neither be led nor 
druv ' — that will ' be the death of the mistress 
with his constant fidge-fidge in and out of the 
room' — and his making her 'laugh in that 
dreadful manner,' and so forth ; — and, as to his 
' pretending to hold the baby, it is like a cow 
with a candlestick.' " 

Likes and dislikes of the doctor : — 

" K she likes him, there ' never wa$ such a 
beautiful doctor,' except perhaps Sir WiUiam, or 
Doctor Buttermouth (both dead), and always 
excepting the one that recommended herself. 
He IS a 'fine man' — so patient — so without 
pride — and yet 'so firm, like;' nobody comes 
near him for a difficult case — for a fever case— 
for the management of a ' violent lady.' If she 
dishkes him, he is ' queer ' — ' odd ' — ' stubborn' 
— has the ' new ways,' — veiy proper, she has no 
doubt, but not what she had been used to, or 
seen practised by the doctors about court." 

The duration of her reign : — 

" The Dieu et Mon Droit of her escutcheon 
— ^is ' During the month.' This phrase she has 
always at baud, like a sceptre, wherewith to as- 
sert her privileges, and put down objection. 
' During the month,' the lady is not to read a 
book. ' During the month,' nobody is to lay a 
finger on the bed for the purpose of making it, 
till her decree goes forth. ' During the month,' 
the muffle of the knocker is at her disposal." 

The husband : — 

" ' During the month,' the husband is to be 
nobody, except as far as she thinks fit, not even 
(for the first week or so) to his putting his head 
in at the door. You would take him to be the 
last man who had any thing to do with the 
business. However, for her own sake, she 
generally contrives to condescend to become 
mends with him, and he is then received into 
high favour — is invited to tea with his vrife, at 
some 'unusually early' period; and Nurse 
makes a bit of buttered toast for ' master' with 
her own hand, and not only repeats that ' baby 
is as hke him as two peas ' (which it always is, 
the moment it is bom, if the lady's inchnatioiL 
is supposed to set that way), but tells him that 
she rears he is 'a sad charming gentleman,' for 
that ' mistress talks of him in her sleep.' " 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



183 



Babies : — 

"The babies are always kings and queens, 
loves, darlings, jewels, and poppets. Beauties 
also, to be sure : — and as all babies are beautiful, 
and the last always more beautiful than the one 
before it, and ' the child is father to the man,' 
mankind, according to Nurse, ought to be 
liothing but a multitude of Yenuses and Ado- 
nises; aldermen should be mere Cupids full 
grown ; and the passengers in Fleet Street, male 
and female, slay one another, as they go, with 
the unbearableness of their respective charms." 

Fat pig : — 

" By the time the baby arrives at the robust- 
ness of a fortnight old, and appears to begin to 
smack its lips, it is manifestly the most ill-used 
of infant elegancies, if a series of random hits are 
not made at its mouth and cheeks with a piece 
of the fat of pig ; and, when it is sleepy and yet 
will * not go to sleep ' (which is a phenomenon 
usually developed about the time that Nurse 
wants her tea), or when it is * fractious ' for not 
having had enough pig, or from something else 
which has been counteracted, or anything but 
the sly sup of gin lately given it, or the pin 
which is now running into its back, it is equally 
clear, that if Dafly, or Godfrey, or rocking the 
chair, will not do, a perpetual thumping of the 
back, and jolting of its very soul out, will ; and, 
accordingly, there hes the ftiture lord or lady of 
the creation, prostrate across the nurse's knees, 
a lump in a laced cap and interminable clothes, 
getting redder and redder in the face, ejaculat- 
ing such agonies between grunt and shout as 
each simultaneous thump will permit, and 
secretly saluted by its holder with * brats,' and 
' drat it,' and *was there ever such an 'obstropu- 
lous' little devil !' while her Ups are loud in de- 
precation of the ' naughty milk, or the * naughty 
cot ' which is to be beaten for its ill-behaviour); 
and *Dordie' (Geor^) is told to 'go' to a 
mysterious place, cfdled * Bye-Bye;' or the 
whole catechism of nursery interrogation is 
gone through, from the past tenses of the 
amenities of * Was it a poppet then ?' and * Did 
it break its pretty heart?' up to the futiu*e 
glories of ' Shall it be a King then V * ShaU it 
be a King Pepin?' 'Shall it be a Princy- 
wmchy?' a 'Countess?' a 'Duchess?' 'Shall 
it break the fine gentlemen's hearts with those 
beautiful blue eyes?' In the midst of tragi- 
comic burlesque of this sort, have risen upon 
the world its future Marses and Apollos, its 
Napoleons, its Platos, and its Shakspeares." 

By this time we think even our unmarried 
readers may have acquired some notion of the 
" sort of animal " that may be expected to pre- 
sent itself under the designation of a " Monthly 
Nurse." 

As a piece of broad — very broad — ^burlesque, 
Jerrold's delineation of Mr. Redbreast, the Auc- 
tioneer, is sufficiently forcible. We wait for the 
conclusion of Mr. Whitehead's "Tavern Heads;" 



the Landlady, and the Parlour Orator, to be 
followed, we are led to expect, by Susan Haw- 
kins, the Parlour Maid, and Thomas Trotter, the 
Pot Boy. 



Domestic Tiomaopathy, By P. F. Curie, M. D. 
Formerly Surgeon in the Military Hospital of 
Paris ; Member of the Parisian Homoeopathic 
and GaUican Societies ; Physican to the Dis- 
pensary ; Author of " The Principles of Ho- 
moeopathy ;" "The Practice of Homoeopathy," 
&c. 18mo. Hurst. 1839. 

We have seen much, heard much, read much, 
and we know much relating to Homoeopathy— to 
the science which, in opposition to Allopathy, 
assumes for its motto and leading principle, 
the words Similia similibus curantur, or like will 
cure Uke ; and it is not improbable that, at a future 
period, we may feel disposed to institute an in- 
quiry into ite origin, nature, and mode of ope- 
ration. It is one of those subjects upon which 
many persons, even of the medical profession, 
frequently talk " an infinite deal of nothing," 
without understanding it — ^without having pos- 
sessed themselves of its simplest elements. We 
profess ourselves to be of the old school in most 
things, consequently, not great admirers of in- 
novation ; yet we hold it to be the bounden duty 
of every professional man to make himself mas- 
ter of whatever new theory may present itself, so 
far at least as to be enabled to judge of its 
soundness or unsoundness, its probable advan- 
tages and disadvantages. If novelty were in- 
variably to be rejected on the ground of its 
being new, what progress would science ever 
be able to make ? Why, instead of being con- 
vinced, with Copernicus and Sir Isaac Newton, 
that the earth has an annual motion and a diur- 
nal motion, we should still be grovelling in the 
dark, taking it for granted, that we are inhabi- 
tants of a fixed plane, and that the sun, moon, 
and stars perform their wondrous evolutions 
simply for our benefit and amusement. It was 
not thus that Copernicus, Galilei, and Newton, 
thought, reasoned, and acted ; nor was it thus 
that Hippocrates and Gulen studied and prac- 
tised medicine. It is recorded that when 
Dr. Harvey discovered the circulation of the 
blood — a ^scovery which Sir Thomas Browne 
justly regarded as of more importance than 
that of the New World — ^not a single medical 
man of the time, who had passed the age of 40, 
condescended to accept the theory! Oh, ye 
pseudo " lovers of truth for the truth's sake," 
what a feather this was in your caps ! Now, 
though — fortunately or unfortunately — ^we hap- 
pen to be somewhat past the age of 40, we 
would not, like Dr. Harvey's sage and hberal 
contemporaries, reject, unheard or unexamined, 
or until proved to be false, any discovery or theory 
that might be advanced by a man of science. 
On this principle, we hope to see Homoeopathy 
subjected to the closest and severest scrutiny ; 
and, so far as our present opinion stands, we 



184 



SELECT NECROLOGY. 



are not of the belief that it will be " weighed 
in the balance^ and found wanting." 

In the Preface to one of his larger works,* 
Dr. Curie thus expresses himself: — 

" This country, I know, abounds with en- 
lightened medical men, who sensibly feel the 
low condition of their art, who toil mcessantly 
and honestly in the fields of science, and who 
consider the acquisition of truth as the highest 
and most valuable object to be attained : to 
them, I say, examine experimentally our facts ; 
bring with you, if you will, all your preconceived 
opinions, aU the prejudices of your education, and 
the recollection of all that interested motives can 
urge against this science ; with these in array 
against us, I will say, examine ; and by the re- 
result of that exammation — ^if conducted with 
an honest and truth-loving spirit — ^we are will- 
ingto be judged." 

with reference, however, to the performance 
now before us, which is intended ror domestic 
use, in shght cases, or in the absence of medi- 



* The Practice of Homoeopathy. 



cal aid, we cannot describe its object better than 
in the words of the author : — 

"The aim of this little volume is to place 
the public in possession of enlighted hygeinic 
rules, appHcable to the various periods of life, 
and referrible as well to a state of health as to 
that of suffering. From the limited number of 
homoeopathic practitioners, such a book is espe- 
cially important in the present state of the 
science. 

" We shaU point out the earliest attentions to 
be enforced in cases of severe acute disease, 
whilst awaiting the aid of the practitioner, and 
shall rapidly, but as lucidly as possible, indicate 
the treatment of acute affections which may be 
less serious and of more frequent occurrence. 

" This will enable parties, who may be re- 
sident beyond the ready access of medical assist- 
ance, either to treat themselves, or confidently 
submit to the direction of some intelligent friend, 
who may be otherwise unconnected with the 
profession of medicine." 

We have only to add, that, so far as the wri- 
ter is concerned, the book has evidently been 
got up with great care and attention. 



^tlect ^ftrotoffp. 



LADY THROCKMORTON. 



Catherine Lady Throckmokton died at 
Northampton, on Tuesday the 22nd of January, 
1839, in the 72nd year of her age. 



(( 



Peace to her gentle spirit ! for her life 
Was tend'rest care of all — 



j> 



This lamented lady, whose perfect feminine 
character formed a favourite theme with the 
benign bard of The Task, was the widow of the 
late Sir George Throckmorton, Bart., of Wes- 
ton Underwood, Bucks. On Tuesday the 29th 
of January, her mortal remains were brought 
from Northampton to that beautiful village, the 
home of her wedded life; around which the 
moral virtues of its owners, and the recording 
strains of pity's own poet, have drawn a lasting 
halo, and endeared it to every British heart. 

Amidst the tears of all ranks of its inhabi- 
tants, and attended by a train of kindred mourn* 
ers, (chiefly the young, her own contemporaries 
being now almost all gone down into the grave); 
this revered lady was interred in the family vault 
in the httle Parish Church of Weston. Every 

Eerson present felt that she had died as she had 
ved; a model of the Christian graces; of 
eminent yet meek piety ; of affectionate mimifi- 
cence, to friends and relatives whom she had 
tenderly regarded; of comprehensive charity, 
whose bounteous ministry will not cease its 
benefits. Ions as this favoured land hath wisdom 
to preserve uie laws, which maintain alike the 



rights of the poor and of the rich. Her coffin 
was placed by the side of her husband's : and 
not rar off, he those of his true British ancestors; 
men, who, in the noble simphcity of the Old 
English Gentleman, first rendered their birth- 

Elace an object of exemplary notice to the land- 
olders around ; and then an attractive subject 
of song for the most lovely of moral poets — ^Wil- 
liam Cowper. 

There were two successive Baronets of the 
family, his friends (who were brothers), and 
their two ladies ; all of whom his l}Te has especi- 
ally celebrated. 

Sir John Throckmorton, the eldest brother, 
and the poef s first friend, he commemorates 
under the title of Benevolm. His lady, the 
" gracious Maria," he describes as adorning the 
winter tea-table : 



(( 



crown'd queen of intimate delights. 



Fire-side enjoyments, home-bom happiness, 
And all the comforts that the peaceful roof 
Of undisturb'd retirement can bestow !" 

She was a daughter of the ancient house of 
Giffard, whose prmcely ancestors in times back 
were Earls of Buckingham ; and the person and 
mien of their fair descendant appears to have 
inherited much of the dignity of her race. The 
present heir to the Baronetcy of Throckmorton 
is the son of a yOunger sister of this lady. 

After an almost constant residence of nearly 



SELECT NECROLOGY. 



185 



thirty years in the venerable mansion at Weston^ 
Sir John died in the month of January, 1819; 
and, being without issue, was succeeded in his 
title and hereditary property by George, his 
second brother; who, like his immediate pre- 
decessor, fixed himself in this revered place of 
his birth ; though he possessed several fine old 
Halls on his Estates in Warwickshire and Wor- 
cestershire ; and a stately modern one in Oxford- 
shire, built by his grandfather, (the fifth Sir 
Robert of the name,) who had travelled in youth, 
and was famed for his taste in pictures and 
classic architecture. 

Sir George did not fall behind his virtmso 
prosenitor m these accomplishments; neither 
m the still more important patriotic qualities 
bequeathed to him by sires and brother. And 
in all he was most diUgently seconded by his 
excellent lady, whose recent lamented death is 
the text of our theme. , 

She was the daughter and heiress of the Sta- 
pletons of Carlton, in Yorkshire ; (an old Catho- 
lic descent, loyal to their king, as faithful to 
their Church) ; vand the "fair Catherine," having 
been a frequent visitor at Weston before her 
marriage, became, both as maid and wife, the 
admired subject of Cowper's verses. Possessing 
a voice of uncommon melody, she often set them 
to music, and sang them to him ; an honour, 
which he celebrates thus : — 

**My numbers, this day she hath sung ! 

And gave them a grace so divine. 
As only her musical tongue 

Could infuse into numbers like mine. 
The longer I heard, I esteemed 

The work of my fancy the more. 
And e'en to myself never seemed 

So tuneful a poet before ! 

Since then, in the rural recess 

Catherina alone can rejoice. 
May it still be her lot to possess 

The scene of her sensible choice ! 
To inhabit a mansion, remote 

Prom the clatter of street-pacing steeds ; 
And by Philomel's annual note, 

To measure the life that she leads ! 

With her book, and her voice, and her lyre. 

To wing all her moments at home ; 
And with scenes that new rapture inspire. 

As oft as it suits her to roam ; 
She will have just the life she prefers. 

With little to wish or to fear; 
And ours will be pleasant as her's. 

Might we view ner.enjo3dng it here !" 

This invoked happiness, the poet did enjoy 
to nearly his latest breath. He was a constant 
guest at the table of Sir George, and by his 
erening hearth; and not less often the com- 
P«nion of his lady, in her summer or her winter 
^vilks. In the latter, not seldom witnessing 
with her the doling out from the bounteous 
ball, those comforts to the families of the labour- 
fflg poor, and to the destitute way-faring travel- 



ler, which want may need, but cannot reach, 
but through Him "who feedeth the young 
ravens that call upon him." Cowper speaks of 
Sir George, and his "responsive Catherina," 
thus : — 



cs 



Graceful 'and gracious, in all they did ! 
Blessing and blest, where'er they moved ! 



Sir George died in the summer of 1826, ful- 
ler of virtues than of years, and was buried at 
Weston. On this bereavement, his widow re- 
tired to a house of her own in Northampton, 
where she spent the residue of her pious and 
ever useful life, beloved and revered. Her own 
death taking place this year, she has thus sur- 
vived her lamented husband nearly fourteen 
years; and now, re-united in the grave, (or 
rather beyond it! ) their honoured remains "fill 
up one monument !" 

Having left no offspring, Charles, the third 
brother of the two preceding Baronets, became 
the lineal successor; inheriting their urbane 
characters with the honoiu's and property of his 
race. He likewise claimed connection with the 
memory of the bard of his "natal domain!" 
For, while merely a younger brother. Sir Charles 
had often visited his native Weston ; and being 
of a meditative mind, and an ardent lover of the 
beautiful and the sublime in nature, he esteemed 
the muse, and gained the friendship of the 
"poet of nature, and of nature's God !" 

Cowper is no more ! and " the Hall, and its 
Tenants," of which he sang, are no more ! But 
the storied wood- walks and the animated groves 
his genius consecrated, yet remain. There, the 
pedestals, and the votive tablets, raised and 
sculptured at the poet's wish, are still preserved 
from the spoiling hand of time, or of school- 
boy's predatory violence, by the aff'ectionate 
reverence of Sir Charles Throckmorton. 

' On the decease of Sir George, it had been 
deemed necessary that the old house itself, 
being much decayed, should be pulled down. 
It was done. But the gifted bemgs who had 
inhabited there, yet abide in spirit in its meads 
and groves ; and still more, in the cherishing 
cares of their present venerable representative. 

He came himself to Coughton Court, an ancient 
castellated mansion of his family's, in Warwick- 
shire ; of an equally old date with that of Wes- 
ton, in Bucks, (both having been heir-looms 
since the reign of Henry Vl.) but being of 
greater stability in its structure, he resolved to 
redeem it from the sort of waste, which deser- 
tion of it as a place of residence for nearly a 
century, had contracted around it. This, by 
indefatigable exertions, he promptly effected. 
And, having since been upwards of a dozen 
years his constantly inhabited possession, it now 
stands amidst its fertile fields; no longer a 
crumbling ruin, nor an embattled stronghold 
against foreign or domestic disturbers of the 
peace; but "a Tower of Strength!" "like a 
lodge in a garden of fruits," for spade and 
plough-holders to rally under — the poor man's 

Q 



1 



186 



SELECT NECROLOGY. 



refuge-place for honest labour; and the old 
man 8 beneficent asylum, when, with him, the 
power of labour is no more. 

THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM. 

His Grace, Richard Temple Nugent Brvdges 
Chandos Grenville, Duke and Marquis of Buck- 
ingham and Chandos, Earl Temple, Earl Tem- 
ple of Stow, and Viscount and Baron Cobham 
of Kent, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, 
Earl Nugent in Ireland, K.G. and P.C., Lord 
Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county 
of Bucks, Colonel of the Buckinghamshire 
Militia, D.C.L. and F.S.A., expired at Stowe on 
the morning of Saturday, January 17, 1839. 
His Grace was bom on the 20th of March, 
1776; succeeded to the Marquisate on the 11th 
of February, 1813; married on the 16th April, 
1796, Lady Anne Elizabeth Brydges, daughter 
and heir of James, third and last Duke of 
Chandos, and co-heir with the Marquis Towns- 
hend of the Barony of Bourchier. By her 
Grace, who was bom on the 27th October, 
1779, and died on the 16th of May, 1836, the 
Duke had issue, Richard Plantagenet, Marquis 
of Chandos, who succeeds to the family titles 
and estates ; — Lady Anne Eliza Mary, born in 
1820; — and Richard Plantagenet Campbell, 
Earl Temple, bom in 1823. 

The Duke of Buckingham, when Earl Tem- 
ple, was one of the joint Pay-masters General, 
during the administration of Lord Grenville; 
and, in 1806, whilst still a member of the House 
of Commons, he made a motion for expelling 
the celebrated John Home Tooke, in conse- 
quence of his being in Priest's orders. This, 
however, was commuted with respect to Mr. 
Tooke, by Mr. Addington, the then Premier, 
proposing a vote, which was carried, restricting 
persons in holy orders from sitting in ParUa- 
ment in future. 

On Friday the 25th of January, the remains 
of his Grace were interred in the family vault, at 
Wotton (seventeen miles from Stowe). Agree- 
ably to his desire, only his family and those 
friends who were visiting Stowe at the time of 
his Grace's decease, and the Buckinghamshire 
tenantry (about 450 in number) followed his 
remains to their last home. The service was 
performed in the most impressive manner by the 
Rev. Mr. Hill, and the coffin, which was oi fine 
Spanish mahogany, covered with crimson velvet 
and gilt ornaments, was then deposited in one of 
the catacombs, erected by the late Marquis of 
Buckingham, in his family mausoleum. 

His Grace, the present Duke, who, as Mar- 
(]^uis of Chandos, has for many years been dis- 
tmguished as the friend of the agricultural in- 
terest, was bom on the 11th of FebruaiT, 17^T, 
and married on the 13th of May, 1819, Lady 
Mary Campbell, second daughter of John, first 
Marquis oi Breadalbane, who was bom on the 
10th of July, 1795. The issue of this marriage 
is, first, Lady Anna Eliza Mary, bom on the 
7th of February, 1820, and second, Richard 
Plantagenet Campbell, Earl Temple (now Mar- 



quis of Chandos), bom on the lOth of Septem- 
ber, 1823. 

bib john ellbt. 
Lieutenant General Sir John Elley, 
the veteran of a hundred j[>attles, died on the 
23rd of Janua^, at his seat, Ampton Hoase, 
near Andover, Hants, at the age 01 75, having 
been bom on the 9th of January, 1764. He 
was bom at Leeds, in Yorkshire, his father 
being a respectable paper manufacturer of that 
town, who gave his son a good education, and 
placed him with a solicitor, in Fumival's 
Inn, Holbom, where he completed the term d 
his articles. He was returning to his native 
town, when, on passing through Northampton, 
he first saw the Blues on parade in the market- 
place of that town ; he was so much struck with 
their very noble appearance, that he removed 
his luggage from the coach, and was enhsted as 
a private trooper by Corporal Francis Mather, 
on 6th November, 1789. He was promoted to 
Troop Quartermaster, 4th June, 17^0, and was 
Acting Adjutant in the campaigns of 1793, 4, 
and 5, in Flanders, and was present at most of 
the battles fought, and at the siege of Valen- 
ciennes, &c. He was appointed Comet, 6th 
June, 1794 ; and the 26th of January, 1796, he 
obtained a Lieutenancy in his regiment ; 24lJi 
of October, 1799, he was appointed Captain- 
Lieutenant; 26th of February, 1801, Captain; 
Major, 29th of November, 1804; and Lieutenant- 
Colonel, 6th of March, 1806. He served as 
Assistant Adjutant-General to the cavalry in 
Sp'ain, in the campaign of 1808 and 1809, and 
was present at the aiiair of Sahagun, Majorca, 
Benevente, and Lugo, and in the battle of Co- 
runna. Ajs an Assistant Adjutant-General, he 
was attached to the cavalry in Spain and Por- 
tugal, during the campaigns of the following 
years ; was in the battle of Talavera ; had the 
command of the rear-guard of cavalry, which 
covered the advance corps of the army when it 
retired over the Alberche ; was in the battles of 
Fuentes D'Onor, Salamaaca, Vittoria, Orthes, 
and Toulouse; in every action of importance; 
and finally served in the Netherlands, and was 
present at the battle of Waterloo. For his 
services on these occasions, he was appointed a 
K.C.B., and received a cross, and two clasps, 
from the British government. He was also ap- 
pointed a Knight of the Austrian Order of Maria 
Theresa, and a Knight of the fourth class of the 
Russian Order of St. George. He obtained the 
rank of Colonel in the Army, 7th of March, 
1813; 12th of August, 1819, that of Major- 
General; and 10th of January, 1837, that of 
Lieutenant-General. He was appointed Colonel 
of the 17th Light Dragoons, 23rd of November, 
1829. Sir John represented Windsor in Sir 
Robert Peel's Parliament, of whose party and 
politics he was an. active supporter. It is re- 
corded of Sir John Elley, in Scott's " Letters to 
his Kinsfolk," that there were found on the 
field of Waterloo more than one of Napoleon's 
Cuirassiers cleft to the chine by the stalwart arm 
of this gallant Officer." 



THE THEATRES, CONCERTS, &c. 



Wb have no recollection of a theatrical season in 
which so little variety has been brought forward 
at the large theatres as the present. The panto- 
mimes, mediocre, as they were, have hardly yet 
accomplished their tour ; and an opera at Dmry 
Lane, and a mixed drama at Covent Garden, are 
all that we have had to succeed them. 

The opera at Drury Lane is entitled FarinelH, 
and is founded on some of the leading incidents 
in the life of that amiable man. and accomplished 
nnger. With a complicated plot, borrowed, tin 
most as a matter of course, from the French, the 
fialogne is just the most contemptible that can be 
conceived. The music by Bamett is of a much 
higher order ; indeed, it is universally pronounced 
to be Bamett* 8 chef d'ceuvre. The instrumenta- 
tion is particularly good, , and all the concerted 
pieces tell with considerable effect. The single 
songs are less successful, an4 the less that may be 
said of them the better. Balfe personates, the hero 
of the piece ; Stretton, king Philip the F\fth^ of 
Spain ; Giubilei Ikm Gil Bio, or The Court Phy- 
sician; Miss Romer, the Queen of Spain; and 
Miss Poole, the wife of FarineUi. The piece has 
been well received, and seems likely to have a suc- 
oessfnl run. 

At Covent Garden, Macready has brought out 
in excellent style, a drama called The King and 
the Duke, or the Siege of Alenpon. The plot of 
this piece also is exceedingly complicated ; but it 
presents some fine situations, and was admirably 
played throughout. The music, by T. Cooke, is 
very spirited and effective, particularly two cho- 
nises, and a song very finely given by Miss 
Rainforth. 

The manager of the Adelphi is never idle. How- 
ever, the only novelty of note recently pro- 
duced, is a very disagreeable drama, entitled 
Jane Lonuw; vamped up from Mr. Smith's par- 
ticularly disagreeable novel of the same title. It 
is, we suppose, what is termed a domestic tragedy ; 
in which we find a domestic Lady Macbeth, in 
humble life. This character (Jane LomaxJ is 
most powerfully and quite as painfully sustained 
by Mrs. Yates. For our own parts, we think there 
is quite a sufficient quantity of misery and wretch- 
edness in real life, — too frequently, alas, at our 
own fire-sides,— to render it necessary for u» to go 
to the theatre to have our nerves shattered and 
our feelings torn to tatters, by the well depicted 
agonies of either innocence or guilt. Shakspeare's 
dramas, tiianks to the right feeling of the author, 
do not thus torture the sense of those who wit- 
ness their exhibition. 

We had almost forgotten to mention a slighter 
prednction at this theatre, called The Foreign 
Prince f a thing of the moment* just for the pur- 
pose of placing our old acquaintance, Jim Crow, in 
a new light. 

It is hardly necessary to mention that Madame 
Vestris is alive and active in her management, suc- 
cess, as usual, crowning her every exertion. Her 
most recent production is Our Cousin German, a 
piece formerly known at the Adelphi under the 
title of Best Intentions. Its chief merit is the op- 



portunity which it affords for a display of Mr. 
Charles Mathews's talents. 

J. Vining appears as the manager of the Queen's 
Theatre, in I'ottenham Street ; and on the Wed- 
nesdays and Fridays during Lent, Madame Vestris 
and her troop are performing there with sufficient 
advantage. 

We cannot but avail ourselves of the present op- 
portunity to enter our protest against the absurdity 
and injustice of the existing laws for the regulation 
of theatrical performances during Lent. At the 
chief theatres, and every where within a certain 
jurisdiction, performances are peremptorily forbid- 
den on the Wednesdays and Fridays ; while on the 
south side of the water, and to the north of Oxford 
Street, &c., managers may exhibit what they please 
on those nights. Play-acting on Wednesdays and 
Fridays in Lent is either wrong or right : if wrong, 
let it be universally suppressed ; if right, let all the 
theatres be thrown open alike : it is palpably un- 
just, and as stupid as it is unjust, to make fish of 
one and flesh of another. 

Tlie Concerts a la Musard, which have been very 
successful at the Lyceum, were to be transferred 
to Covent Garden Theatre during the non-dramatic 
performance nights in Lent ; but this arrangement 
was prevented, as it is said, by the authorities. 

It should have been mentioned, that as Madame 
Vestris and her corps migrate to the Queen's 
Theatre on the evenings alluded to, Yates and his 
corps A'om the Adelphi pass over to the Surrey in 
St. George's Fields. 

The St. James's Theatre, (Braham's,) has been 
opened by Mr. Hooper, and, with several of our old 
favourites, promises to be tolerably successftil. 
Dowton, F. Mathews and his wife, Mrs. Glover, 
Mr. and Mrs. Hooper, Miss Jane Mordaunt, Miss 
Williams, Miss Turpin, Miss Holmes, Miss Stan- 
ley, &c. are brought forward on this occasion. 

By introducing a Forest of Wild Beasts, Mr. 
Hooper has seemed disposed to commence a rivalry 
with the respectable menagerie exhibitor of Drury 
Lane. So far, however, he has failed; for the 
brutes of Drury are more fierce and magnificent 
than those of St. James's. Moreover, the former 
are specially patronized by her Majesty, who is 
said to experience great delight in witnessing 
their nightly banquet. That they really are brutes, 
however, at the St. James's, may be inferred from 
the fact that, in a bon& fide battle, the tiger, or one 
of the tigers, has killed a panther. One of the ex- 
hibitors too, has been very seriously injured by one 
of the exhibited. On the other hand, it has long 
been a matter of notoriety, that " there is one 
person more intelligent than the rest of his species, 
who has gone to the pit of Drury Lane every night 
since Van Amburgh commenced, lest he should 
miss the night on which the beasts devour Van Am- 
burgh himself." 

As we have intimated, however, the beasts are 
not the only attraction at the St James's Theatre. 
On one night alone, Mr. Hooper produced no 
fewer than three new pieces : T^e Voung Sculptor ; 
Friends and Neighbours; and A Troublesome 
ledger. There is evidently no want of spirit in 
the management. 



188 



FINE ARTS' EXHIBITIONS. 



For our young friends there is nothing more de- 
sirable or more instructive at the present season 
than the Orreries and Astronomical Lectures of 
Mr. Adams at the Haymarket, and Mr. Howel at 
the Queen's Theatre. But where is Dean Walker, 



the original and the Master of our Astronomictl 
and Philosophical Lectures ? 

If our musical friends think proper to be a little 
more attentiye to us, we shall be most willing to 
return the compliment. 



FINE ARTS' EXHIBITIONS. 



THE BRITISH INSTITUTION. 



It is now nearly four and thirty years since the 
British Institution was founded ; and, within that 
period it has accomplished more for the progress of 
art and for the advantage of artiste, than all the 
other Institutions in the kingdom put together, 
the Royal Academy alone excepted. It affords to 
students the opportunity of studying and copying 
from the finest productions of the old masters ; it 
awards premiums ; and it facilitates the exhibition 
and sale of new pictures. 

For the excellence of its light, the judicious man- 
ner in which the paintings are arranged, and for the 
general comfort and enjojrment of visitors in its 
suite of rooms, the gallery of the British Institution 
is unrivalled in the metropolis. We have not here, 
as we had at Somerset House, to ascend and de- 
scend a wearisome flight of stairs, and to poke our 
heads into dark rooms and comer cup-boards ; nor 
are we at all apprehensive, as in the apartments 
allotted to the Royal Academy, in that nationally- 
disgracefid structure, nick-named the National 
Gallery, of being suflbcated or crushed by the low- 
ness of the ceiling. On entering the gallery of the 
British Institution, we always feel airy and buoyant 
— every thing is light and cheerful around us — and 
good pictures are always sure to be found in good 
places. In such a gallery we almost invariably, at 
the first glance, form a just estimate of the general 
character of the Exhibition. This year, we are glad 
to say, the impression produced by that glance was 
a most favourable one. Taking into account the 
pictures that were in the last exhibition at the 
Royal Academy, and the new ones of merit that are 
seen here for the first time, we regard the present 
assemblage as the finest we have witnessed for some 
years. However, as we have been enabled to take 
only a cursory glance ourselves, we cannot offer 
the readers of the Aldine Magazine more. In 
our hasty tour of the rooms, we shall point out a 
few of the new pictures which most forcibly arrested 
our attention, and reserve some remaining strictures 
for the ensuing month. 

On entering the North Room, the first picture 
of size that catches the eye is Christ in the Wilder- 
ness, Meditating on the Means of Redeeming the 
World, (10), by Wilhelm Hensel, chief painter, as 
we understand, to the King of Prussia. Most 
decidedly do we object to the title of this picture, 
as derogatory from the attributes of the Saviour. 
/'Meditating on the Means of Redeeming the 
World 1'* Was it for the Almighty ever to enter- 
tain a doubt upon the subject ? However, the picture 
itself, which professes to be founded on a passage 
in Paradise Regained, is painted with great breadth 
and firmness : it is a fine study from the old mas- 
ters. The same remark applies to (3B2), the 
Rejoicing of Miriam and the Jewish Women on the 



over-whelming of Pharoah and his HoBt in the Red 
Sea, also by Mr. Hensel. But this painting is of a 
higher order, evincing far greater originality of 
conception, and upon the whole, a greater power 
of execution. Mr. Hensel has evidently devoted 
his days and nights to the study of the Italian 
painters. The Miriam is at the extreme end of the 
South Room. 

No. 1 is a small view of Basle, in Switzerland^ 
by G. Jones,. R. A., who has four other pieces^ 
(2, 35, 309, and 310,) in the Exhibition. In con- 
templating the productions of this artist, the edu- 
cated eye can never fail of being gratified. 

The Rival Performers (2), by J. Callcott Hors- 
ley, is a beautiful illustration of the fable of the 
Flutist and the Nightingale ; the bird exhaust- 
ing itself, and falling to the earth in contesting the 
palm with human skill. In the picture, however, 
there are two figures — lovers, no doubt : the lady 
enraptured with the bird ; the gentleman enraptured 
with the lady. The idea is extremely well carried 
out. 

The Woman taken in Adultery, (46), by Morris, 
although the production of a Royal Academician^ 
and generally speaking a very able artist, we must 
regard as a failure. The conception is common- 
place and even mean ; the features of the Saviour 
are petty and insignificant ; and the countenance of 
the Woman does not betray the slightest shade of 
that over-whelming shame which, to all but to the 
most abandoned of the sex, must have been inevit- 
able on such a discovery. The other figures are 
mere copies ; and the whole is without a single 
trait of originality. 

Then we have Turner's Fountain of Fallacy, (58), 
one of this artist's very best in his peculiarly un- 
natural and peculiarly objectionable style. It is 
glowing and gorgeous — a bright and glorious vinon 
of fancy or fairy-land — ^but nature never beheld 
anything like it. 

A Dutch Family, (65), by W. Simson, is a well- 
painted picture of its class ; and, when its colours 
shall be mellowed by time, it wiU be infinitely more 
admired than it can be now. 

Mrs. Soyer's Italian Boys, (91), have much of 
the Murillo spirit. 

The Lost Game, (102) by C. W. Cope, is a very 
cleverly conceived littie picture. The game — 
chess — is between two lovers ; no wonder, there- 
fore, that the gentieman has suffered himself to be 
check-mated. 

There is but one Edwin Landseer in the world. 
No pencil ever did more for dogs than his has done 
in (119.) A large, noble, majestic, Spanish blood- 
hound is looking out from his kennel, with his 
paw resting on the outside. On his left is a small, 
white, wire-haired Scotch terrier, with his cropped 



LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC. AND MISCELLANEOUS MEMORABILIA. 189 



tan pricked sharply up, his black eyes sparkling 
with life and intelligence, his nose almost equally 
liiaek and glossy, the point of his tongae darting 
ride-wise from his month. On looking at this 
picture we almost seem to doubt whether some 
deception may not haTC been practised — ^whether 
some living little wretch of a terrier may not have 
been thrust through the canvas to make fools of us. 

The history of Rembrandt's Mill is curious. 
" This building was erected in the year 1593, as a 
magazine fdr powder, on the banks of the Old Rhine f 
at Koukerk, near Leyden. It was soon after con- 
verted into a corn-mill ; and at the time of Rem- 
brandt's birth, in 1606, was in the possession of his 
fether, Herman Gerritz van Rhynn, from which 
period, to the time when these pictures were 
painted, 1838, it has been constantly employed for 
the purposes of a corn-mill." We have made this 
quotation in order that the reader may form some 
idea of the interest attaching to four admirably- 
pamted vi^ws by E. W. Cooke ; (132) the Mill ; 
(131) the upper floor of the mill ; (141) the lower 
chamber of the mill ; and (384) the interior of the 
mill. It would have been difficult for Mr. Cooke 
to have selected a more gratifying subject, or for 
any artist to have treated it in its different phases 
more successfully. 

Rothwell, almost adjoining that charming pro- 
duction of his, ** A Remembrance," (147) which ap- 
peared last year at the Royal Academy, has a most 
sweet portrait disguised under the title — *' A Study 
— * What's in a name ?' " (151) It is the portrait of 
a ^tle girl seated with a bouquet in her hand, — 
her eyes closed — " her bosom locked in memory's 
spelL" 



A Flower Girl, (206) by Gaugain, is very sweet 
and pretty. 

No. 265, a Head of Cupid, by Wood, though 
not actually tiie god of love, is a very charming 
boy. 

. Lance is eminently successftd this year. He has 
four pictures, one of which only can we at pre- 
sent notice : it is a large piece, English Fare, (263) 
in three compartments : Fish, Fniit, and Game. 
It will make die mouth of many an epicure water. 

Buss is making very rapid strides in his pro- 
fession. His Christmas in the reign of Elizabeth, 
(354) is far beyond anjrthing of the same class 
that we have seen from the easel of M'Clise. The 
colouring is rich and mellow, without any of the 
rawness and meretricious glare of that of the ar- 
tist whom he seems disposed to follow. We may, 
perhaps, again turn to this picture, which is frdl 
of interesting detail. '* The time selected is after 
dinner, while the guests are in the midst of their 
gambols, and kissing tinder the mistletoe ; to the 
right is the cushion-dance, and in front, on the 
platform, or dais, the Wassail bowl is being pre- 
sented to a lady ; at the side is a party enjoying 
a game at snap-dragon, and behind is the Kynge 
of the Bean, &c." 

Christ Crucified, (410) by a young artist of the 
name of Elmore, is a picture which we must take an 
opportunity of examining hereafter. It has points 
of extraordinary merit, and must interest if it do 
not invariably satisfy tke critical eye. 

In sculpture we find only ten specimens, but 
most of them are, especially those by Lough and 
Mac Dowell, of a higher order of merit than usual. 



LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, & MISCELLANEOUS MEMORABILIA. 



LAW OF COPYRIGHT. 



Iv the House of Commons, on the I2th of Feb- 
mary, 1839, Mr. Sergeant Talfourd moved for, and 
obtained, leave to bring in a Bill to amend the Law 
of Copyright ; and a Bill, prepared by Mr. Sergeant 
TaUburd, the Right Hon. Mr. Spring Rice, Sir 
Robert Harry Inglis, and Lord Viscount Mahon, 
was brought in accordingly. Of the chief clauses 
of this BUI, the following is a brief abstract : — 

3. Copyright in any book hereafter to be pub- 
fished to endure to the author for life, and for sixty 
years, commencing at his death. 

4. In case of subsisting copyright in the author 
or his representative or assignee in consideration of 
natural love and affection, such copyright shall 
continue for sixty years from the author's death. 

6. In case of subsisting copyright when an 
author has assigned a moiety or other portion of 
his entire term, such copyright shall continue for 
sixty years from the author's death, and belong to 
the author and the assignee in the same proportions 
as the subsisting copyright. 

6. In cases of subsisting copyright which has 
heen absolutely assigned by l£e author, the assignee 
shall enjoy the same for the term of twenty-eight 
years, and of the author's life, if he survives twenty- 
eight years, and no longer. 

7. In cases where, after the expiration of the 
tern of twenty-eight years, or the author's life, a 



book shall be out of print, and five years shall elapse 
without the appearance of an edition, it shall be 
lawful for any person, after certain notice, to re- 
publish such book, and to enjoy the copyright 
therein. 

8, 9, and 10. One copy of every book to be 
delivered at the British Museum; and a copy 
within a month after demand for the following 
libraries : — ^Bodleian Library ; Public Library at 
Cambridge ; Advocates of Edinburgh ; Trinity 
College, Dublin. 

11. Publishers may deliver the copies to the 
libraries instead of the Stationers' Company. 

12. Penalty for default in delivering copies. 

13. Book of registry to be kept at Stationers' 
Hall. 

14. Party making or causing to be made a false 
entry in the book of registry to be guilty of a mis- 
demeanour. 

15. Entries of copyright may be made in the 
book of registry. 

16. If any person be aggrieved by an entry in the 
book of registry, he may apply to ike Lord Chan- 
cellor, Master of the RoUs, Vice-Chancellor, Court 
of Law in Term, or Judge in Vacation, who may 
order such entry to be varied or expunged. 

17. Remedy for the piracy of books or parts of 
>. books by action on the case. — Proviso for Scotland. 

18. In actions for piracy, the defendant to give 



190 LITERARY, SCIBNTIFIC, AND MISCELLANEOUS MEMORABIUA. 



notice in writing of the objections to the pUuntWs 
title on which he means to rely. 

19. Mode of proving the publication and identity 
of books in proceedings for piracy. 

20. No person shall import into any part of the 
British dominions for sale any book €rst composed, 
&c., within the British dominions and refurinted 
elsewhere. Penalty on importing, selling, or keep- 
ing for sale any such books, forfeiture thereof, and 
also 10/. and double the value. Books may be 
seized by officers of Customs or Excise, who shall 
be rewarded. Not to extend to books not having 
been printed in the United Kingdom for twenty 
years. 

21. Copyright in encyclopaedias, periodicals 
works, and works published in series, to be in the 
publisher or conductor thereof, and prooi of pay- 
ment to the parties employed by him to be primA 
facie evidence of his property in their article. 
Proviso securing the right of authors who have 
reserved the right of publishing their articles in a 
separate form. 

22. Proprietors of encyclopaedias, periodical 
works, and works publisheid in series, to be at 
liberty to enter at once at Stationers' Hall, and 
thereon to have the benefit of the registration of 
the whole work. 

23. Term of the exclusive right in the represea* 
tation of dramatic works extended to that of authors. 

24. Where the sole liberty of representing a 
dramatic piece now belongs to the antiior, it shall 
endure for his life and for sixty years from his 
death. And if the author is deaid, his representa" 
tives shall have it for sixty years from his death. 

25. When the right of representing any dra- 
matic piece shall have been assigned, the right 
shall continue in the assignee for twenty-eight 
years, or for the life of the author, and no longer. 

26. The proprietor of the right of dramatic re- 
presentation shall have all the remedies given by 
the Act 3 and 4 WilUam IV. 

27. No assignment of copyright of a dramatic 
piece shall convey the right of representation unless 
an entry to that effect shall be made in the book of 
registry. 

28. Act of 5 and 6 William IV., c. 65, respect- 
ing lectures, extended to sermons. 

29. Power to grant injunctions in case of piracy. 
— Proviso for Scotiand. 

30. Mode of proving copyright, &c. in colonial 
Courts. 

31. Books pirated shall become the property of 
the proprietor of the copyright, and may be re- 
covered by action, or seized by warrant of two 
justices. 

32. No proprietor of copyright, commencing 
after this Act, shall sue or proceed for any infringe- 
ment before jnaking entry in the book of registry. 
— Proviso for dramatic pieces. 

33. Clergymen may lawfully dispose of copy- 
right or copies of books of which they are the 
authors. 

34. Copy shall be personalty 

35. Saving the rights of the Universities and the 
Colleges of Eton, Westminster, and Winchester. 

36. Proviso for saving all rights and all contracts 
and engagements subsisting at the time of passing 
this Act. 

NEW ART OF SUN-PAINTING. 
The Literary and Scientific Journals have for some 
time past teemed with accounts of two very extra- 



ordinary discoveries which have been bronf^t for- 
ward, almost stimultaneously, in Paris and in Lon- 
don ; in the former by M. Daguerre, the celebrated 
inventor and painter of dioramic views ; in the lat- 
ter by H. Fox Talbot, Esq., a Member of the Royal 
Society. These discoveries, though essentiailj 
timilar in some respects, are essentially different in 
others. We must endeavour briefly to indicate the 
nature of each. 

M. Daguerre's invention enables him to combine 
with the camera obecura an engranfing powet^--^^ 
is, by an apparatus, at once to receive a reflection 
of the scene without, and to fix its forms and tints 
indelibly on metal in cMaroecwn — the rays of the 
sun standing in the stead of burin, or, rather, of 
acid — ^for the copies thus produced nearly resemble 
aquatinta engravings exquisitely toned. As to the 
precise details, M. Daguerre objects to impart them 
to any one, till he has received some definite answor 
from the Government, with whom he is in treaty 
for the sale of his secret : the value fixed upon it 
is said to be three hundred thousand francs. 

It is necessary, observes M. Arago, to see the 
works produced by the machine, which is to be 
called the DaffuerotypCf fully to appreciate the 
curiosity of the invention. M. Daguerre's last works 
have the force of Rembrandt's etchings. He has 
taken them in all weathers — at all hours — a sketch 
of Notre Dame was made in a pouring rain, (the 
time occupied by the process being lengthened 
under such unfavourable circumstances,) and a 
sketch was procured by the moon's light, which 
required twenty minutes for its completion. As 
might be suspected, the invention fails where move- 
ing objects are concerned. The foliage of trees 
from its always being more or less agitated by the 
air, is often but imperfectiy represented. In one 
of the views a horse is faithfully given, save the 
head, which he never ceased moving — in another a 
decrotteur, all but the arms, which were never still. 
The invention will be chiefly applicable to still life 
— that is, to architectural subjects, &c. M. Da- 
guerre describes the process as very simple, and 
completely attainable by any person of common 
judgment, and with reasonable care. The machine, 
too, is so littie cumbrous, that he says he has stood 
upon the bridges to use it, and been hardly noticed 
by the passers by. 

Mr. Talbot makes no secret of the nature of his 
discovery ; and when we consider the means em- 
ployed, and the limited time — the moment qf timet 
which is often sufficient — the effects produced are 
perfectiy magical. The most fleeting of all things^ 
a shadow, is fixed, and made permanent ; and the 
minute truth of many of the objects — the exquisite 
delicacy — can only be discovered by a magnifying 
glass. Mr. Talbot proposes for this new art the 
name of Photogenic Drawing. It enables a per- 
son, howsoever ignorant of the art of drawing, to 
obtain faithful representations of objects, and does 
not even require his presence ; so that these pic- 
tures may be executed while tiie operator is him- 
self engaged about other things. Amongst the 
specimens exhibited at the Royal Institution, ob- 
serves Mr. Talbot, ** were pictures of flowers and 
leaves ; a pattern of lace ; figures taken from painted 
glass ; a view of Venice copied from an engraving ; 
some images formed by the Solar Microscope, vis. 
a slice of wood very highly magnified, exhilnting 
the pores of two kinds, one set much smaller than 
the other and more numerous. Another miero- 



BOOKSELLERS' AUTOGRAPH ILLUSTRATIONS. 



191 



scq>ic sketchy exhibiting the reticulations on the 
wing of an insect. Finally : various pictures, re- 
presenting the architecture of my house in the 
country ; all these made with the Camera Obscura 
in the summer of 1835.'* — " No matter whether 
the subject be large or small, simple or complica- 
ted ; whether the flower-branch which you wish to 
copy contains one blossom, or one thousand ; you 
set the instrument in action, the allotted time 
elapses, and you find the picture finished, in every 
part, and in every minute particular.*' 

One of the most obvious differences between the 
process of M. Daguerre and that of Mr. Talbot, is, 
that the former employs metal plates, whereas the 
latter uses prepared paper. There can be no ques- 
tion as to the superior advantages of the latter ; for 
it would be most inconvenient, if not wholly im- 



practicable, for the traveller to carry about with 
him several hundred metal plates. 

W^IKHSOR CASTLE AND THE COURT JOURNAL. 

We observe, with pleasure, that the spirited pro- 
prietor of that deservedly popular paper. The Court 
Journal, is gratuitously presenting to its readers 
a series of original and extremely well engraved 
View9 of Windsor Castle, in its different aspects. 
These views, accompanied as they are by copious 
historical and descriptive accounts of the noblest 
of oar regal palaces — in fact, of the only palace in 
the kingdom that is worthy of a Britbh monarch — 
cannot fail of greatly eztrading the circulation of 
a Journal that has long enjoyed the highest aris-^ 
tocratic patronage. 



BOOKSELLERS' AUTOGRAPH ILLUSTRATIONS. 

It was intimated in our last Monthly Part, that arrangements were in progress for a 
Series of Interesting lUustrations ; and that, with an accession of literary talent, the 
plan of The Aldine Magazine would be extended, and rendered more full and compre- 
hensive in its details. 

We trust that we have this month redeemed our pledge. 

Our first plate of the Autographs of Booksellers, patronising The Aldine Magazine, 
cannot fedl of exciting a lively interest throughout the " Trade,*' There are many others 
to follow iQ the train. 



TO SUBSCRIBERS AND CORRESPONDENTS. 



Thanks to " N." for his friendly and obliging 
communication, which we shall endeavour to ren- 
der available at a future period. 

We can have nothing to say to ** The Custody 
OF Infants," as treated by one of our very at- 
tentive correspondents. 

To one or two of our very land friends, we can- 
not refrain from saying — Ne tutor ultra crepidam. 

We regret our inability to meet the wishes of 
the author of '' The Social System.'* 

" Rome in the Year 1839," in our next. 

Also, ** The Aldine Triumvirate,'* 

" The InaugureUion of the Statue of Outtem^ 



11 



shall 



berg, Jrom the Notes qf a Lady of Rank,^ 
appear next month. 

We agree with much that *^ Eaoo" has ad- 
vanced ** On the Patronage of Foreign and Native 
Talent s** but his facts and strictures are deficient 
in novelty, and have the air of being brought for- 
ward to answer special purposes. Nevertheless, 
we shall be glad to see his promised " Sketches." 

"Mrs. Clarke's Tales and Sketches," " The Pic- 
torial Shakspere," ** Billings's Temple Church, &c., 
for review, unavoidably stand over ; also, a ** Me- 
moir of the late Edward Chatfield, Esq.," &c. 

We entreat our friends to forward their new 
works as early in the month as possible. 



WQRKS IN THE PRESS. 

In weekly and in monthly parts, imperial octavo, 
" Shakspeare for the People ; from the Text of 
Johnson and Steevens : wiih Annotations, and In- 
troductory Remarks on the Flays, by many distin- 



guished Writers : and a Life of the Author, and an 
Essay on his Writings, by Douglas Jerrold : illus- 
trated with nearly one thousand Engravings on 
Wood, from Designs by Kenny Meadows. 



BOOKS JUST PUBLISHED. 



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Encydopsedia Metropolitana, third division, 'History,' 

Vol. rv. 4to. 428. boards. 
ItMdings in Prose, new edition, fcp. 4s. 6d. cl. 
Bttdiogsin Poetry, new edition, fcp. 4s. 6d. cl. 
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Home on the Scriptures, 4 vols. Svo. eighth edition, 638. 

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^,^1^ 



- ■«- 



London : Printed by Joseph Mastisrs, 33, Aldersgate Street. Published by Simi>kin, Marshall, and Co., 

Stationers' Court, and sold by all Booksellers and Newsvenders. 



^%p^^ 



CONTtMJED. 






■-^l^€c^ '^"-'' 



yf 



,-t^ T a^jf J;^ 






-H^t^t y 







_ J 



THE 



ALDINE MAGAZINE 



OF 



Bfojprapl&p, d&Miosv^H)Vf Criticfem, anft tbt artsf* 



MR. SERJEANT TALFOURD AND THE NEW 

COPYRIGHT BILL. 



Regarding it as equally useless and unjust 
—valueless to the author and injurious to 
the bookseller — ^we disapproved the principle 
of Mr. Serjeant Talfourd's New Copyright 
Bill, as brought forward in the parliament- 
ary session of 1838. Moreover, we disap- 
proved the spirit of the Bill, because it 
appeared to partake largely of the nature of 
a job ; of a job which, under the pretence of 
improving the position of the literary class 
iA general, was not in reality calculated to 
benefit one individual in five hundred. Fur- 
ther, whilst it affected to protect the author, 
and to promote and extend his interest, it, 
by an intended ex post facto operation, was 
80 constructed as to engender differences 
between authors and their pubHshers, and 
grossly to violate the interest of the latter. 
We consider it to be quite as expedient, and 
quite as just, that a bookseller should be 
protected in the possession of his vested 
nghts, as that the author should be protected 
in the possession of his property against the 
selfishness or dishonesty of an overreaching 
bookseller. 

It appeared to us last year — and our 
opinion upon the subject has not undergone 
the slightest change — that, in the great ma- 
jority of instances, it could import little to 
an author, or to an author's posterity, whe- 
ther the term of copyright should continue 
at twenty-eight, or should be extended to 
sixty years. Probably, in ninety-nine cases 
out of a hundred, the author assigns his 
copyright in perpetuity to the bookseller, 
for a valuable consideration, or the two con- 
tracting parties agree to hold the copyright 
conjointly and share the profits of sale. In 
this view, where is the publisher who would 
give, or would be justified in giving, six- 
pence more for the assignment of a copy- 
right of sixty years' duration, than for one 
of twenty-eight years ? The case is self- 

VOL. I. APRIL, 1839. 



evident : not one book in fifty can hope for 
an immortahty of more than eight-and- 
twenty years. Even Sir Walter Scott's 
works, had they rested upon their intrinsic 
merit for their popularity, would never have 
attained the height at which, pro tempore, 
they stand. However, they are rapidly 
descending to their just level. 

It was perfectly natural, and even laud- 
able, on the part of Mr. Serjeant Talfourd — 
himself a poet, and the associate of Poets — 
the friend of Southey, Wordsworth, Lamb, 
Coleridge, Godwin, HazUtt, Leigh Hunt, 
Procter, and Sheridan Knowles, &c. — that 
he should be desirous of promoting the in- 
terests of literature and of literary men. 
It is for his attempt to legislate in favour of 
the few, without benefitting the many, and 
for his giving an ex post facto character to 
the operation of his last year's Bill, that we 
feel (tisposed to blame him. However, Mr. 
Talfourd has derived advantage from ex- 
perience ; and, in his Bill of the present 
session — an abstract of which we gave at 
page 189 — he has wisely abandoned the ex 
post facto clauses. By this abandonment, 
Mr. Tegg's brutum fulmen of the 20th of 
February, levelled against those clauses, fell 
to the ground. On the 27th of that month 
Mr. Serjeant Talfourd, on moving the se- 
cond reading of the Bill, delivered a very 
able speech ; and, on a division, the second 
reading was carried by 73 votes against 37. 
That the measure should have been opposed 
by such mockery of argument as that which 
was adduced by the Solicitor General in 
favour of " cheap literature " — that it should 
have been opposed by men of such intellec- 
tual calibre as Messrs. Hume, Baines, War- 
burton, &c. — were amongst the strongest 
proofs presumptive that could be offered of 
its genuine importance. For our own parts, 
we have only to say, that, if the/eu? can be 

R 



194 



SERJEANT TALFOURD'S COPYRIGHT BILL. 



*Y 



benefitted without injury to the mass, in 
Heaven's name let the Bill be passed. It 
may operate as a salutary stimulant to many, 
whilst, to one in a million, it may produce a 
princely reward. We do not believe that 
either printers, booksellers, bookbinders, 
paper-makers, type-founders, or any other 
trc^e or class connected with the bookselling 
and printing business, will be injured, to the 
extent of a shilling, by the passing of the 
Bill. On the contrary, such is the increas- 
ing love of reading — such the increasing 
thirst for literary and scientific knowledge — 
that we firmly hope, and as firmly believe, 
that, for many a long year to come, the ad- 
vancement of literature and the arts, and of 
every profession and trade connected with 
literature and the arts, will exhibit the most 
gratifying aspect. 

It has often, and as truly as often, been 
said, that "quantity deteriorates quality." 
And never was the truth of this position 
more forcibly exemplified than by the over- 
whelming masses of waste paper, which, 
under the felse designation of " cheap liter- 
ature," have been hurled upon us within the 
last twelve or fifteen years. Within that 
period the Society for the Diffusion of Use- 
ful {}) Knowledge has inflicted more injury 
upon genuuie literature and art, upon their 
professors, and upon the public at large, 
than will be repaired in a century to come. 
The Society has inflicted the injury com- 
plained of, not only by its own multiplica- 
tion and spread of inferior works at a low 
(not at a cheap) price, but by exciting a 
spirit of emulation amongst individuals to 
produce works of a still lower grade, to 
enable them to compete, in the market, 
with the would-be monopolists. By these 
means just such approximations have been 
made, at a low price, to the appearance of 
excellence, as have sufliced to preclude the 
production and sale of works of a high order 
of literary merit. Precisely the same re- 
marks apply to the productions of the gra- 
phic art. The judgment and taste of the 
majority of purchasers are not yet sufficiently 
correct and refined to appreciate the differ- 
ence in value between a print, the engraving 
of which may have cost a hundred guineas, 
and one for which not more than sixty may 
have been paid ; consequently, as the latter 
may be sold with more advantage to the 
proprietor for six or eight shillings than the 
former can for ten or twelve, it is clear that 
the low priced (not the cheap) print will ob- 
tain preference with the multitude. 



We believe that Mr. Seijeant Talfourd's 
abandonment of the es post facto clauses of 
his Bill for the protection and extension of 
copyright has perfectly satisfied the respect' 
able booksellers and publishers. Not so, 
however, those who, like obscene birds, 
watch for the moment of an expiring copy- 
right, to pounce upon it as their legtd (not 
moral) prey. 

Mr. Tegg, or some person assuming Yns 
name (we should be glad, for Mr. Tegg's 
sake, to find the signature a forgery) has 
put forth a letter upon the subject of copy- 
right, and upon the immense remuneration 
derived by literary men from their labours. 
If Mr. Tegg be not the author of this letter 
it is incumbent on him to disavow it ; if he 
be — we are sorry for the writer ; for a mass 
of error and misrepresentation more gross 
it was never our fate to encounter. To 
many of the items, confused and mystified 
as they are in Mr. Te^'s statement, we 
could, and would, give the most express con- 
tradiction, were it not that, by so doing, we 
should violate private confidence. To say 
nothing of the unfairness, and (we speak 
advisedly) untruth of Mr. Tegg's assertions 
respecting editorial payment, in reference to 
the Quarterly and Edinburgh Reviews, and 
Blackwood's and the New Monthly Maga- 
zines, let us glance for a moment at some 
of his " modem instances." We are told 
that for Fox's •' Fragments of English His- 
tory," Lord Holland received 5000 guineas ; 
that, for that very infamous and utterly ta- 
lentless production, the " Life and Times of 
George IV." I^y C. Bury obtained 1000 
guineas ; that Bulwer received from 1200/. 
to 1 500/. a-piece for his novels ; that Mar- 
ryat's novels produced him from 1000/. to 
1200/. each ; and that for Mrs. Trollope's 
" Factory Boy" the sum of 1800/. has been 
paid ! ! ! 

If a bookseller did give 5000 guineas for 
Fox's book, it must have been on account 
of the author's name, and most lamentably 
must he have burnt his fingers by the pur- 
chase. Without a name the work would not 
have been worth a moiety of 5000 shillings; 
and even with a name, it was in a short time 
to be bought at the common stalls for little 
more than the price of waste paper. 

We believe Mr. Colbum to be much too 
good a general to have given Lady C. B. 
1000 guineas for the copyright of the " Life 
and Times of George IV." Did that un- 
fortunate lady ever produce a work, of any 
description, worth 500/, to a bookseller? 



LOUIS TH? SEVENTEENTH. 



195 



We shrewdly suspect that, to the history of 
the book in question, a curious sequel might 
be appended. 

As for Bulwer, if he received 1000/. for 
any one of his novels, he well deserved it ; 
that he got so much as 1000/. for each, or 
that he had more than lOOOZ. for any one of 
them, we have good reason for disbelieving. 
Without specific application to Sir E. L. Bul- 
wer, or to any one else, let us, for the sake 
of illustration, imagine a case. An author's 
former productions have been eminently suc- 
cessful—the publisher, in consequence, can 
afford a handsome price — and he agrees to 
give him 1000/. for a new work. " W^ll, 

now, Mr. , this is a large sum — a very 

large sum — ^that I am pa3ring you for this — 
and its all speculation — I am sure I do not 
know how I am ever to get my money back. 
But, now, just — just — it won't do you any 
harm-— in fact, it will be of service to you, 
if you ever engage with another publisher — 
and — and, it will serve me, too, in a parti- 



cular quarter — just — ^I give you 1000/. — ^its 
a very large sum, but, just — just write me a 
receipt for 1600/., will you ? I am sure it 
will do you good as well as me." The re- 
quest is, of course, acceded to — bookseller 
and author are both delighted, and — ^the 
public are gulled ! 

With reference to Captain Marryat's 1000 
and 1200 pounders, recent proceedings in 
the Vice Chancellor's Court have blown all 
that story up. 

For the " Factory Boy," 1800/. / For a 
work which, judging from its first specimen, 
is a// bad, without one solitary redeeming 
trait of merit, 1800/. / / The work is pro- 
posed to consist of twenty numbers, of two 
demy octavo sheets each. Why, this is only 
at the rate of 45/. per sheet; each sheet 
averaging in quantity about five-and-a-half, 
or six pages of The Aldine Magazine ! ! 
Mr. Colbum, we apprehend, knows much 
better how to dispose of his money. e 



THE FATE OF LOUIS THE SEVENTEENTH. 



Fiat justitia, ruat calum. 



Thb following Letter has been addressed to the Sovereigns of Europe, by the Duke of 
Normandy. A Copy of it has been delivered to all the Ambassadors of the Foreign 
Powers in London, and one has been transmitted to her Majesty's Secretary of State, 
Lord John Russell. 

TO ALL THE SOVEREIGNS OF EUROPE. 



Pbinces of Europe! — Called to a destiny 
more exalted than the Crown of France, which 

S legitimate right belongs to me, I alone am 
le to restore peace to Europe and to my coun- 
try; I say emphatically, and to my country, for 
there is seated the focus of those corrupting 
doctrines which poison all that is true, to de- 
stroy all that is just. I cannot explain my 
meaning more clearly, for my enemies are yours. 
As for you, you are protected still by their po- 
Hcy, but that pohcy is more dangerous to you 
than the assassins by whom they persecute 
me. 

Princes, you are deceived with respect to 
me ; and those who work upon you, by exciting 
your prejudices against me, are, for the most 
part, members of a Machiavelian Association, in 
the bosom of which are organized those plots 
which are intended to dethrone you. 

There are others, persons of good faith, 
whom the artifices of these wretdied beings 
bave united in their intrigues. 



Their motive for upsetting your thrones is 
not the welfare of the people, who are happy 
by your means, so long as you are just. And 
who is there among you, unwise enough to dis- 
card the justice of God, since it is the Most 
High who has placed you where you are, for 
the interest of the nations who are committed 
to your keeping, that you may protect them by 
your justice against the wickedness of those who 
know not God, nor his justice. 

For this reason they seek to mislead you, 
and turn you away from that which is true and 
just, that they may draw down upon you the 
hatred of those who ought to esteem you. 

It is well known that the affections of your peo- 
ple can alone afibrd stabihty to your thrones ; for 
goodness and truth, mercy and justice, are the 
surest safeguard of a King, and the most sohd 
basis of his power ; but his enemies, by deep- 
laid stratagem and perfidy, endeavour to make 
him wicked, deceitfiu, and cruel. And instead 
of approving as a wise friend would do, his 



196 



LOUIS THE SEVENTEENTH. 



ideas of clemency^ and counselling his exercise 
of justice and moderation in his puhlio^ and 
private acts, they urge liim to a system of ffo- 
vemment, the issue of which is injustice, which 
they make him countenance under the fallacious 
appearance of preserving; the dignity and rights 
of his Crown — they justify all by what they call 
policy. 

By similar means your real enemies have 
kept you back from administering that justice 
which is due to the Orphan of the Temple, who 
is myself. Myself, who so many years have 
cried out to you, " Judge my cause." 

But, deaf to my wor£, you have only listened 
to my foes, my poUtical persecutors, and you 
have judged me according to their infamous 
calumnies, without asking them for the proofs 
of what they advance against the Son of that 
martyr Ring, who was your brother. 

You have abandoned the unfortunate Orphan 
of the Temple, who is your equal, and have ren- 
dered ignominious the Son of the Daughter of 
the Csesars, without considering that my oppro- 
brium is the shame of your Crowns ; and the un- 
happiness of my six innocent children will be 
the opprobrium of your own. 

Such are the consequences of the pernicious 
counsels of your Cabinets, which tell you that 
you cannot now recognize me, without losing 
the honour and confidence of the nations. 

If in default of other resources, there only 
remains to you unjust words, and deeds of in- 
justice, towards the innocent Son of the King of 
France — ^finish your work of destruction, by 
stopping the last pulse of the heart of him who 
summons you to justice. 

Precipitate his head, whitened with sufferings, 
into the same tomb which covers his father, ms 
mother Marie Antoinette, and Marie Elizabeth. 

Perhaps your counsellors and their agents 
will know how to save your honour, by the mo- 
ral assassination of my six children, for there 
lies the aim of the policy of my^ persecutors and 
your enemies. 

If they shall say to you we cannot wf^e war 
with France on account of one man, I acknow- 
ledge the truth of the declaration, but at least 
do justice to me. What have you to fear. If 
hypocrites and traitors have deceived you with 
regard to me, you are innocent, and your honour, 
wluch they made you beUeve would be lost by 
your recognition of me, will be saved. 

Your silence attests to the contrary ^ and raises 
against you the reprobation of all honourable 
men, so that the hatred borne towards you al- 
ready, will only be augmented in eveiy loyal 
heart. That is the end sought to be attained by 
my adversaries, who are inimical to you also. 

Sooner or later they will turn to their own 
advantage your conduct towards me, and they 
will reproachingly say to you, ** What have we 
to expect from you, who would not do justice to 
your equals." 

Think vou, that my recognition would be the 
means of exciting a war in France, attended 
with peril to your own States ? I (epeat, that I 



am ready to sacrifice my own person for the 
happiness of my country ; but be jiist towards 
my children, for whom I demand nothing but 
the civil inheritance of my parents. 

Do you think that my own good-will towards 
France would not be sufficient, after the ac- 
knowledgment of my identity ? 

But the all-powerful God who placed you on 
your thrones, is living. Do you thmk that he has 
need of your recognition, to establish my 
identity? 

Is your policy stronger than he who makes 
Kings and Emperors (hsappear with all their 
dynasties ? If their God exists, and the rights of 
Kings are derived from his justice, why have 
you no confidence in his justice? Do you flat- 
ter yourselves that you are wiser than he who 
made you, and whose you are? Do you not 
know, that in spite of yourselves, his power 
urges you forward, whither you willingly would 
not go? I declare the truth (Je$uis la Ve- 
rity) ; and, therefore, I place my confidence in 
God. I am just, and, therefore, I am the friend 
of justice ; if tiien, the French nation is in- 
formed of the whole truth, as from the voice of 
God, let her pronounce between me and him, 
who has usurpedmyinheritance through your po- 
liticaimachinations; if she universally declares 
lor the King of the French, I, the sole legitimate 
King of France, have a heart sufficiently mag- 
nanimous to submit to that manifestation of 
the national will; and I will yield to my coun- 
try my rights, and those of my children, in 
order to consolidate for ever the welfare and 
prosperity of France, who is worthy, and to 
whom belongs the pacification of Europe. 

The Son of Louis the XVI. never would, 
by intrigue, by force, nor by any species of 
perfidy, oppose a denouement, which would 
be to him the judgment of the Almighty, 
and he would be happy to die in peace with lus 
own family, in a land which has, so to speak, 
been moulded (faconnee) by his ancestors, for 
the welfare of the French nation, who certainly 
would not refuse to receive among them in peace 
the last descendant of their Kings. I beseech 
you then to put me on my trial ; if you reject 
my last entreaties, may God judge you according 
to your works, and your children will rem the 
friuts according to his unerring justice. I have 
summoned Madame Duchess of Angouleme to 
meet me at London, to discuss our rights before 
the Judges of Great Britain, in default of those 
in France, from whose presence I have been 
violently expelled. Oh, that she may come, 
that we may finally be judged ; if not, I shall, 
in three months, have the means afforded me of 
restoring strength to my country,* and she will 
demand a recompense at the hands of those who 
have denied me justice, and by that means de- 
stroyed her peace. 

Charles Louis, 
Due de Normandie. 
London, Feb. 18, 1839. 



* < 



Je saurai tcndre la force a ma patrie.* 



MOORISH BALLADS. 

No. I. 
MORAYMA. 

All helmed in gold and girt in gold, like one encased in flame, 

Forth &om Granada's royal towers the king Boabdil came ; 

The diamond-hilted by his side, the spear cMf proof in rest. 

The foremost of his chivalry, £l-Chico proudly press't ; 

And thousands girt his standard round, the crescent's flashing pride. 

And like the sea-waves after him poured on their sparkling tide ; 

" Down with the Cross !" £l-Chico cried, " down with the cross !" arose. 

And cymbals clashed and trumpets brayed red vengeance to their foes. 

All hearts had but one ocean pulse fierce heaving up the deep. 

And every eye flashed hke a star in midnight's purple steep; 

But there was one. The Beautiful, all pahn like in her grace. 

Who ere the train departed clung unto the king's embrace ; 

Her raven hair was streaming in the wild breeze of her fears. 

And the long thin lashes of her eye were wet with pendant tears ; 

And her voice, her sobbing voice came forth like lute string when it breaks. 

And her look was like the dreamer's who in agony awakes. 



<€ 
(( 
(S 



Too dearly loved, my life, my lord, m^ beautiful, my brave. 
Why leavest thou Granada's walls ? hes love within the grave ? 
Is true affection in the sword, or in the ivar's alarms ? 

** A thousand fold thou'lt find it strong in Morayma's arms. 

'^ Within the Alhambra thou art safe, safe in its hall^ divine ; 

** No shield is like a womain's love, and that, all, all is thine. 

*' Give me thy sword, give me thy spear, nor let my tears be vain, 

*' O let me nestle in thy heart, for ever, once again. 



(( 
tt 



" What is the pride ambition brings? — a demon to devour ; 
'^ What is the honour glory gives? — ^the death-light of an hour; 

Dost want a shield ? — ^behold my heart, an ever throbbing shrine ; 

My lord, my loved, my beautiful, it has been, still is thme; 

Our sky is bright, our bower is bright, wilt shade them with my fears? 
*' The Prophet aid me, for mine eye is dimmed with my sad tears ; 
*' So let it be, be blind for aye, so thou dost not depart, 
*' For I shall have thee, hola thee still, and feel thee in my heart." 

Uprose the mother queen, uprose Ayeexa fierce and loud. 

The flash of her dark eye came forth like hghtning from a cloud : 

" Daughter of Ali Atar, why flow those wretched tears of thine. 

Unworthy of a warrior sire, unworthy of thy line ? 

Thy love should nerve the kingly heart, as it should do thine own. 

The sword unsheathed that won the crown, unsheathed must guard the throne. 

'Tis in the field, and by the spear, and with the sword so keen. 

The king is worthy of the crown, the wife to be the queen. 

Gro lure the slave with silken ties, with kisses to decoy. 

My son was bom a warrior-king, and not a woman's toy ; 

More perils fence the coward round than ever battle brings. 

The bright sword is a warrior's trust, and thine my son's a king's ; 

Then pass thou forth Granada's chief, the morion on thy brow. 

Thy father's glave is red with blood, go make it redder now. 
" Go, or I curse thee !" — and her word fell like a thunder blow ! 
He sprang upon his battle-steed and rushed to meet the foe. 

Within the Alhambra's walls there sits and weeps a lady fair. 

And like the sea-foam heaves her breast, she weeps in her despair ; 

Within the Alhambra's walls there treads the offiprins of her kings ; 

The brow with haughty fierceness frowns, the eye defiance flings ; 

The one, a fading flower droops down her agonized head. 

The other looks as if she loved to feed on foemen dead ; 

'Tis Morayma weeping for her own beloved one, 

But in the mother s heart revenge toils for her Captured Son ! U. C .D. 



« 

« 

«< 
« 

« 

(C 



THE ADVANTAGES OF BEING BLIND. 



IN TWO PARTS. 



PART I. 



To ordinary apprehensions, that organic 
malady which is supposed to shut out the 
anterior world, and for ever to conceal 
from us the glories of the creation, leav- 
ing us in possession of only four senses, and 
shorn of the fifth, and this, if possible, the 
most important of the whole — with due and 
special exceptions to the gourmand, who 
would sooner lose his sight than his palate, 
t. e, his plate ; to the snuff-taker, ^whose 
nose would be at a considerable discount ; 
to the ear, into whose charmed hollow the 
whispered breathings of the lip steeped in 
passion are poured ; and to that young child 
of modem educational tactics, whose fingers 
are most mischievously employed in doing 
duty for our own withm the sanctum sanc- 
torum of our pockets ; to ordinary appre- 
hensions we repeat, the deprivation we are 
alluding to would be considered as a just 
reflection, to be a most grievous calamity. 
And so it is, but not to the extent that has 
been supposed; whilst many of the advan- 
tages have entirely eluded notice, which 
would otherwise have afforded no small 
measure of consolation; more especially 
that species of blindness to which we shall 
hereafter allude, and which is not exactly of 
the kind our opening might lead the reader 
to suppose, but which, nevertheless, is blind- 
ness, as dark and impenetrable, as if the 
head were eyeless, and the soul were in a 
total eclipse. 

fiut as we progress, we think we ought 
to confess to three kinds of blindness ordi- 
nary; the blindness extraordinary it not 
being our immediate purpose to discourse 
upon. 

Of these three, there is 1 stly, the blind- 
ness natural; Sndly, the blindness acci- 
dental; and 3rdly, the blindness unnatural. 

The blindness natural, is that affliction 
which precludes man from having any visual 
knowledge of the works of his Creator, and 
of his own species, by the primary ordina- 



tions of Providence. This state, apparently 
so afilicting, is in reality, if we may by ex- 
amples, most felicitous, offer an opinion, 
always possessed of a temper, a contented- 
ness, a passiveness, a patience that is more 
eloquent than all language, and a temper- 
ament such as angels may be supposed to 
have, and few else. This may be accounted 
for to a very great extent : there can be no 
doubt, that temptation, occularly presented 
in a thousand shapes and modes, is the 
Grreat High Priest of the passions; the 
adumbration of virtue, which excites evil 
to murder good, and which summons to 
its aid all the darker elements of man's 
nature, c^verting them to instruments of 
its ambition and appetites. These, agitating 
the nervous system, create perturbation d, 
mind and body, which ultimately pre3rs upcm 
all peace, turning our sustenance into bitter 
ashes, and our libations into gall and woim- 
wood. The sight then is the great organ 
or vehicle of the passions ; by it the faculties 
of feeling, hearing, tasting, and smelliog, 
are first actively and trenchantly excited ; 
their previous existence being of the simplest 
order, and for the simplest purposes. In 
one sense, therefore, the eye is the great 
enemy of man; the cause of his unrest; 
the physical telescope of evil ; and it is just 
the absence of this magnetic opera glass, 
that renders the individual sightless, sun- 
less, starless, and landless — tranquil, pas- 
sionless, powerless to evil, yet accomplished 
to good; and that infuriates another to 
all mad feelings, with as much fiacility as a 
" C(mp de soldi'* boils the brain, or by the 
aid of a lens ignites and explodes a barrel 
of gunpowder. For, after all, man's heart is 
neither more nor less than a compound of 
charcoal and saltpetre, morally, as the other 
is scientifically. 

Turning our attention unto him who is 
in the condition we have first noticed, we 
unhesitatingly declare, that of the two 



THE ADVANTAGES OF BEING BLIND. 



109^ 



states, he wlio is bom absolutely blind, is 
a better and a happier man, than he who 
can either stare death, or the sun in the 
&ce; and that he who is the victim of 
accident, is in many respects, and after a 
certain probation, the next in the scale of 
felicity to the first. Of this 2nd class, more 
anon. 

Plato considered man a feathered biped : 
we ever deemed this celebrated comparison 
of the great heathen philosopher, an eX* 
tremely absurd one — ^we are free to confess 
our entire obtuseness to its merits, or even 
to its common sense. What there is in a 
plncked cock any more than in a plucked 
tmkey, or in an alderman similarly circum- 
stuiced, we pretend not to know : it is one 
of those superfine sayings, which sometimes 
drop from the lips of superior beings, and 
prove that however near they may approach 
to the fountain of the soul at times, the dust 
and ashes of the flesh lure them back to 
eaith, and ally them to its greatest fools ; 
for it is a truth, that when great mental 
power is foolish, it is generally so most 
completely. There is more affinity between 
mind and madness, than the mere allitera- 
tion ; and the " brain in fine freiugr rolling" 
does not oftener carve dragons in the clouds, 
than your staid philosophers, who turn men 
into monkeys, like Lord Monboddo, or into 
plucked cocks or capons, like Plato : — 

" He that spins his thread too fine, will 
break it." 

" Perdam sapientiam sapientum, et pruden- 
tuun prudentium reprobo 



(( 



VIS ammai 



Conttirbatm^ — et divisa sursum 
Disjectatur eodem ilia distracta veneno. 



» 



And when Cicero says, '' Nihil tam absurd^ 
dicL potest, quod non dicatur ab aliquo 
philosophorum," he had no doubt Plato in 
his mind. 

It is clear beyond all manner of doubt^ 
that a man blind from his birth had never 
committed so absurd a mental blunder, b& 
the great Plato did in this instance, when 
he merely defined man to be a " two- 
legged animal;" for in the first place he 
would not have known what an animal 
meant, and in the second, what a pair of 
legs were like. These, it will be admitted, 
are very great advantages ; for if they pro- 
hibit the " advancement of learning," they 
preclude the manifestations of intellectual 
absurdity. Original blindness then is an 



adversary to original folly; and although 
the faculties are dormant to a very great 
extent, they are more so to evil than to 
good ; for tiie good is their own, and the 
evil is other men's. 

Another distinguished advantage of this 
original blindness is, that by the deprivation 
of the outward sense, the inward senses 
are all amazingly strengthened — ^it is won- 
derful how acute these become. Limited in 
their extent, and operating upon a narrow 
surface, they possess not only the power of 
large reflective comprehension, but have 
also a singular microscopic one ; the sense 
of hearing becomes wonderfully refined, 
and all the subtle tones .of voice through 
all its varied emotions as the vehicle of the 
feelings, is seized by it in a manner utterly in- 
conceivable by those who have not given their 
attention to it ; whilst, if one may so apply 
the term, all the dehcate and invisible har- 
monies, the aroma of melody, are collected 
with a magical perception, which they whose 
souls are not imprisoned by darkness are not 
capable of to near by so minute .an intense- 
ness. The sense of feeling too is equally 
augmented in its nervous sensibilities. 
The commonest observer must have wit- 
nessed the marvellous manner with which 
blind people perform operations of daily 
life, by means of it alone. They must have 
witnessed females performing all the mani- 
pulations of needle- work. But, perhaps, the 
most wonderful power of all is, their per- 
ception of colours, which is attained solely 
by the sensibilities of the touch ; hence, in 
truth, the fingers of a blind person are his 
eyes, so that he has within lus limitation a 
double advantage over those whose visual 
organs are unimpaired, as he has not only 
the augmented intensity of the organ of 
feeling for all the ordinary necessities, but 
he can convert them for many practical 
pmposes into a real optical power. 

We could make similar observations upon 
the organs of smelling and of tasting ; but 
space being limited, we must so far desist, 
and recall to our reader's attention, the 
general advantages blindness gives to all 
the moral perceptions, summoning forth in 
greater strength, and beauty, and purity, 
all the nobler and holier essences of our 
nature, and resolving our souls into mirrors 
of intellectual contemplation of all the 
bounties and blessings of the Deity. Tran- 
quillity of mind is one of the greatest of 
felicities ; contentedness is another ; grati- 



200 



APRIL. 



tude, thankfulness, submissiveness, humi- 
lity> gentleness, and all those vlrtnes which 
bring a man near to his (rod, are others of 
those blessings which the blind' enjoy, with 
increased force and energy, and which are 
unto them their real and true light, the eyes 
of Heaven. It may be said with some 
plausibility, these are no merits under the 
circumstances, for not being able to be 
tempted by the vices, they have no other 
employment than cultivating the virtues. 
We could, if we would, quickly expose this 
fedlacy ; but it will be sufficient for our pur- 
poses, even to admit it, for it will at once 
prove onr original position of the advantages 
of being blind. 

We are also about to assert that which 
may at first startle our readers ; we say then 
most distinctly, that in one, and a perfect 
sense, a blind man is not blind. He who 
has never known light, is no more in dark- 
ness than heaven itself, which has no sun ; 
and yet heaven, we apprehend, is not dark, 
but lighted up by a light within, of what 
kind we know not, but with which neither 
our light nor our darkness can have the 
least affinity. God is light, but not such as 
we conceive, becaiiae it is said, the sun is 
his shadow. It might as well be affirmed, 
that man has no soul, because we cannot 
see it, as to say, a man who never had 
what we term the organs of sight, is blind 
to what we denominate light, because he 
never saw it. Light is but a word conveying 
the idea of the impressions of a certain ele- 
ment, and nothing more. The same may be 
ssud of the expression " darkness," which 



means m^ely the absence of theimpressioii 
of the element called light ; but abstract- 
edly speaking, there is neither the one nor 
the other — the blind man so designated, 
has hb intimate and internal light, as much 
as the other has his intimate and external 
light. To the blind man darkness is light ; 
it is emphatically his light; his light on 
earth, and what is of far greater moment, 
his light to heaven. The Unknown, to him 
who knows it not, exists not ; light to the 
bom blind is unknown, and, therefore, to 
him exists not ; and its very non-existence 
gives him this great additional supe!)iority : 
he is essentially an immaterialist, and dwdl- 
eth on things immortal. What Bishop Berke- 
ley truly believed with his eyes, the blind 
know and believe without them. Who will 
after this deny the advantages of being 
blind, and not confess how mighty and 
varied are the blessings of God towards all 
his creatures ; and that in proportion to their 
privations, he bestows upon them other 
mighty and counterbalancing mercies ; and 
that though 

" The common light that shines on all. 
Diffused around the whole terrestrial ball,'' 

radiates not through the brain of the blind, 
to him are given constellations revolving in- 
ternally, which are ample compensations for 
that of which he has no earthly knowledge,, 
and is most happy in not knowing ? " Si- 
gillatim mortales, cunctim perpetui." He 
who receiveth the light of the sun, has more 
of the parti<^ular mortality ; he who receives 
it not, of the immortality general. 

H. c. D. 



APRIL, 



BY MISS PARDOE. 



April I thou art come again. 

With thy fitful showers of shining rain. 

Veiling the sunny beam ; 
With thy laughing mock of steadier spring. 
Thy bright capricious blossoming, 

And thy wild unsteady gleam. 
Life's emblem art thou — every hoiur 

Changeful, uncertain as the wind ; 
Driven onward by a mighty pow'r 

No force can stay, no bonds can bind : 
Now struggling with the blasts that sweep 
O'er the vexed bosom of the deep. 



Now laughing with the light that lies 
Upon the early blossom's dies — 
The plaything of each passing cloud. 
Now calm and bright, now dark and loud — 
We blame thy iitfulness, nor see 
Our poor selves mirrored out in thee. 
Like change, like chance, indeed are ours. 

As fortune sways us to and fro ; 
Now gilding bright our sunny hours. 

Now weeping o'er our overthrow — 
Man's fate is but continual strife, 
And one long April all his hfe ! 



ANNALS OF AUTHORS, ARTISTS, BOOKS, AND BOOKSELLERS 

LETTER XL 



MR. JOHNSON, OP ST. PAUL'S CHURCH-YARD, AND HIS LITERARY 

CONNEXIONS. 



Aldine Chambers, Paternoster Row, London, Feb. 22, 1839. 



Mt dear Son, 

The Ankals of Authors, Artists, 
Books ^Jkd Booksbllsrs are so interwoven 
with each other, that every interesting ob- 
ject connected with literature must emanate 
from them, collectively or individually. 

Greater interest, perhaps, may be attached 
to the individual and his connexions, that 
I am about to pourtray, than can be met 
with in the circles of a court, or amidst the 
splendour of the wealthy, or those generally 
employed in mercantile and trading specu- 
l&tions. The person to whom I allude, was 
the late Mr. Joseph Johnson, bookseller, 
for nearly fifty years resident at an old 
&shioned house, and long narrow shop, in 
St. Paul's Church Yard, where several 
thousands of pounds have since Hbeen ex- 
pended on the front alone (including two 
other houses in front, and premises of six 
other occupants) in converting it into one of 
tile greatest emporiums of female fashion in 
the British metropolis. 

Mr. Johnson was a small, plain, unas- 
suming man, of a strong well informed 
mind, and of temperate habits, but of so 
delicate an appearance, that his life may be 
said to have hung in a very doubtful scale 
fw many years. He, however, evinced 
much talent, and possessed so clear an in- 
tellect that it might be said of him, as was 
said by the late Dr. Parr, in speaking of a 
favourite pupil,* that " He had the body of 
ft butterfly, with the head of an elephant." 

^'Mr. Johnson (according to his bio^pher. 
Dr. Aikin) was bom at Liverpool, m No- 
rember, 1738, of parents who were dissenters, 
of the Baptist persuasion. He was sent to Lon- 
don at the age of fourteen, and was apprenticed 
to Mr. George Keith, of Gracechurch Street. He 
began business for himself in a shop on Fish 
Street Hill, a situation he chose as being in the 
track of the medical students resorting to the 



* Mr. James Belcher, a bookseller, in Bir- 
mingham. . 



hospitals in the Borough, and which probably 
was the foundation of his connexions with many 
eminent members of that profession. From that 

Elace he removed to Paternoster Row, where he 
ved some years in partnership, first with Mr. 
Davenport, and then with Mr. John Payne. His 
house and stock were entirely consumed by fire 
in 1770, after which misfortune he removed to 
the shop in St. Paul's Churchyard, in which he 
thenceforth carried on business (for nearly forty 
years) without a partner to the time of his death, 
Dec. 20th, 1809, an event greatly regretted by 
his numerous friends: he had for some years 
past been considered the father of the trade." 

It was on the 8th of January, 1770, 
the fire mentioned above broke out, and not 
only entirely consumed the house and stock 
of Messrs. Johnson and Payne, but also the 
house of Mr. Cocks, printer^ and damaged the 
house of Mr. Crowder, bookseller, (where 
the Aldine Chambers now stand). One 
thousand pounds' worth of bibles and prayer 
books belonging to the proprietors of the 
Oxford press were destroyed. 

"The character of Mr. Johnson (continues 
Dr. Aikin) estabUshed by his integrity, good 
sense, and honourable principles of dealing, soon 
raised him to eminence as a publisher ; ana many 
of the most distinguished names in science and 
Hterature during me last half century appear in 
works which he ushered into the world. Of a 
temper the reverse of sanguine, and with a man- 
ner somewhat cold and indifierent, and with a 
decided aversion to all arts of puffing and parade, 
the confidence and attachment he inspired were 
entirely the result of his solid judgment, his un- 
affected sincerity, and the friendly benevolence 
with which he entered into the interests of all 
who were connected with him. Although he 
was not remarkable for the encouragement he 
held out to authors — the consequence of his be- 
ing neither sanguine nor pushing — yet it was 
his invariable rule, when the success of a work 
surpassed his expectations, to make the writer a 
partaker in the emolument, though he lay under 
no other obUgation to do so than his own notions 
of justice and generosity. The kindness of his 
heart was equafiy conspicuous in all the relations 
of life. His house and purse were alwavs open 
to the calls of friendship, kindred, or misfortune; 
and perhaps few men of his means and con- 

s 



202 



ANNALS OF AUTHORS, ARTISTS, 



dition have done more substantial services to 
persons whose merits and necessities recom- 
mended them to his notice. 

" It is well known that Mr. Johnson's literary 
connexions have lain in great part among the 
free enquirers both on religious and poutical 
topics. He was himself on conviction a friend 
to such large and hberal discussion as is not incon- 
sistent with the peace and welfare of society, and 
the preservation of due decorum towards thin^ 
really respectable. But these were limits withm 
which, both by temper and principle, he wished 
to see such discussion confined ; for turbulence 
and sedition were utterly abhorrent from his na- 
ture. When, therefore, for the unconscious of- 
fence of sellhig a few copies of a pamphlet of 
which he was not the pubUsher, and which was 
a reply to one of which he had sold a much 
larger number, the opportunity was taken of in- 
volving him in a prosecution that brought upon 
him the infliction of fine and imprisonment, it 
was by many considered as the ungenerous in- 
dulgence of a lon^-hoarded spleen against him 
on account of pubUcations not liable to legal 
censure, though displeasing to 'authority. It is 
gratifying, however, to rekte, that during the 
height of party animosity, so little was he re- 
garded personally as a party man, that he con- 
tinued to number among his intimate friends se- 
veral worthy persons of opposite sentiments and 
connexions, who, with himself, were capable of 
considering a man's performance of the duties of 
life apart from his speculative opinions. 

" Although the majority of his publications 
were of the theological and political class, yet 
the number of those in, science and elegant Ute- 
rature was by no means inconsiderable. Be- 
sides all the scientific writings of Ihr. Priestley, 
he pubHshed many important works in Medicine 
and Anatomy, and others in different branches 
of knowledge. Two poets of great modem ce- 
lebrity were by him first introduced to the pub- 
lic — Cowper and Darwin. The former of these, 
with the diffidence, and perhaps the despond- 
ency, of his character, had actually, by means of 
a friend, made over to him his two volumes of 
poems on no other condition than that of secur- 
ing him from expense; but when the pubUc, 
which neglected the first volume, had discovered 
the rich mine opened in " The Task,' and as- 
signed the author his merited place among the 
fi^t-rate English poets, Mr. Johnson would not 
avail himself of his advantage, but displayed a 
liberality which has been warmly acknow- 
ledged by that admirable though unfortunate 
person. 

" It is proper to mention that his true regard 
for the interests of literature rendered him an 
enemy to that typographical luxury which, joined 
to the necessary increase of expense in printing, 
has so much enhanced the price of new books as 
to be a material obstacle to the indulgence of a 
laudable and reasonable curiosity by the readins 
pubHc. On this principle he usuidly consulted 
cheapness rather than appearance m his own 
publications ; and if authors were sometimes 



mortified by this preference, the purpose of ex- 
tensive circulation was better served. 

''Mr. Johnson was of a weak and dehcate 
firame of body, and was much afflicted with asth- 
matic complaints, which visibly gained ground 
upon him as he advanced in years. The imme- 
diate cause of his dissolution was a pleuritic 
attack, under which he quietly sank after three 
days of patient suffering. His remains were de- 
posited in the churchyard of Fulham, in which 
parish he had a country house. He was never 
married." 

Some further particulars and minutiae 
are entered into by another biographer, who, 
according to Timperley, states that — 

" Joseph Johnson was the younger of two sons 
of a farmer at Everton, near Liverpool, where 
he was bom, Nov. 15, 1738. He was appren- 
ticed, at a suitable age, to Mr. Greorge Keith, a 
bookseller, in Gracechurch Street, who had mar- 
ried the daughter of the celebrated Dr. Gill. It 
was about the year 1760 that Mr. Johnson fint 
entered into business for himself, in partnership 
with a Mr. Davenport ; and nearly at the same 
period he contracted an acquaintance with Mr. 
FuseH, the celebrated painter. The partnership 
with Davenport being dissolved, Mr. Johnson 
formed a similar connexion with Mr. Jdin Payne; 
and their business was carried on in Paternoster 
Row, till nearly the whole of their property was 
consumed by fire in 1770, no part of it being 
insured. 

'^ By this time Mr. Johnson had acquired the 
highest character with those who knew him best 
for integrity and a virtuous disposition ; and now 
that he was on the ground, ' his friends,' as he 
expressed it to a particular acquaintance, ' came 
about him, and set him up again.' On this oc- 
casion he removed to the shop in St. Paul's 
Churchyard, where he dwelt for the remainder 
of his me. A short time after this epoch in his 
afiairs, he became closely connected with the 
most Hberal and learned branch of the Protestant 
dissenters in England. He pubUshed, in 177% 
the poems of A^in Letitia Aikin, afterwards Mrs. 
Barbauld; and nearly at the same time was 
placed in the same relation of pubUsher to Dr. 
Priestley, whose numerous writings were brought 



up by Mr. Johnson from that time forward. In 
1/74, when Theophilus Lindsc^ came to Lon- 



774, ^ 

don, having given up a living of .1^400. per an- 
num and rich expectancies, because he could not 
reconcile his conscience to the Articles of the 
Church of England, he immediately formed a 
strict intimacy with Mr. Johnson. Mr. Lind- 
sey's circumstances became greatly straitened by 
the sacrifice he had made ; and Mr. Johnson 
procured, and caused to be fitted up for him, as 
a chapel, the great room in the house of Mr. 
Paterson, in Essex Street, in the Strand, and 
was extremely active in procuring subscriptions, 
and forming a regular religious establishment in 
that place, which he constantly attended as long 
as Mr. Lindsey continued to officiate there. Mr. 
Johnson was so fortunate (and this is one of the 



BOOKS, AND BOOKSELLERS. 



203 



greatest honours that can fidl to a bookseller) as 
to have been publisher to many of the most emi- 
nent authors of his time. 

" In May, 1 788, he began a periodical publi- 
cation, called the Analyticai Review, Mr. John- 
son was a man remarkably superior to merce- 
nary views. He often proposed and entered into 
the reprint of books, wnicn he considered as con- 
ducive to the best interests of his species, without 
the possibility of beinff reimbursed but in a very 
long time, and probably not at all. He often 
purchased the manuscripts of worthy persons in 
distress, when he had no intention ever to send 
them to the press. His benevolent actions are 
much too numerous to be related in such a work 
as this. His mmd was of so admirable a temper, 
as almost never to be worn out with importu- 
nity ; and he was not to be turned aside oy the 
ingratitude of those he benefited from doing that 
which he judged to be right. In his latter years 
Mr. Johnson was uncommonly reduced by a 
series of infirmities : he wa^ed with difficulty ; 
his firame was worn to a shadow ; and, having 
mentioned ou some occasion that it was his de- 
sire to be borne to his grave by four poor men, he 
added, that in reality two would do, for * they 
would have nothing to carry.' Yet his faculties 
and his power of conversation remained ; and 
he scarcely remitted his attention to business, 
and not at all his disposition to be serviceable to 
others. He was always found an advocate on 
the side of human nature and human virtue ; re- 
commending the line of conduct which springs 
from disinterestedness and a liberal feeling, and 
maintaining its practicability. 

''A handsome monument, in the north-east 
comer of Pulham church, is thus inscribed : — 

' Here lie the remains of 
Joseph Johnson, late of St. Paul's, London, 
who departed this life on the 20th day of December, 

1809, 
aged 72 years. 

A man equally disting^shed by probity, industry, 
and disinterestedness in his intercourse with the 
puhlic, and every domestic and social virtue in 
private life; beneficent without ostentation, ever 
ready to produce onerit, and to relieve distress ; 
anassuming in prosperity, not appalled by misfor- 
tone ; inexorable to his own, indulgent to the wants 
of others ; resigned and cheerful under the torture of 
a malady which he saw gradually destroy his life.' " 

So far proceed Mr. Johnson's biographers, 
but who, perhaps from motives of delicacy, 
or not viewing him through all the opera- 
tions of his transactions with his brethren 
in trade, as well as with numberless authors 
(including Dr. Aikin and his family) have not 
entered sufliciently into the extensive merits 
of his conduct and character — or an enu- 
meratiou of the talent that was brought 
forward, and rewarded in the most liberal 
numner through his penetrating mind and 
land auspices. Under his roof were, per- 
haps, as much genius, taste, and talent 



combined among the distinguished writers 
who assembled at his weekly literary parties, 
as at any house in the kingdom. Here the pro- 
ductions of Dr. Aikin, Mrs. Barbauld,* (his 
sister,) Dr. Beddoes, Bonnycastle.f Cowper,t 
Dr. Darwin, Dr. Disney, £nfield,§ Gedd^s, 



* Aim Letitia Barbauld was the sister of Dr. 
John Aikin, and bom at Kibworth, Leicester- 
shire, June 20, 1743. About 1774 she married 
the Rev. Rochmont Barbauld, a dissenting mi- 
nister at Palgrave, Sufiblk, and died at Stoke 
Newington, March 9, 1825. She employed her 
excellent g^iius to the noblest ends, m exciting 
infancy to virtue, and maturer age to a love of 
freedom. 

t John Bonnycastle, a celebrated mathema- 
tician, died at Woolwich, May 15, 1821. 

:t! Mr. Johnson first obtained the copyright of 
Coivpers Poems, which proved a source of great 
profit to him, in the foUowing manner : — ^A re- 
lation of Cowper's called one evening, in the 
dusk, on Johnson, with a bundle of these poems, 
which he offered for publication, proviaed he 
would publish them at his own risk, and allow 
the author to have a few copies to give to his 
friends. Johnson having, on perusal, approved 
of them, undertook the nsk of publishing. Soon 
after they appeared, there was not a review that 
did not load tnem with the most scurrilous abuse, 
and condemned them to the butter shops. In 
consequence of the public mind being thus ter- 
rified or misled, these charming efinsions lay in 
a comer of the bookseller's shop, as an unsaleable 
pile, for a long time. Some time afterwards, the 
person appeared with another bundle of manu- 
scripts from the same author, which were offered 
and accepted on similar temis. In this fresh 
collection was the admirable poem of the Task, 
Not alarmed at the fate of the former publication, 
and thoroughly assured as he was of their great 
merit, he i^solved upon publishmg them, loon 
after they had appeared, the tone of the reviewers 
became changed, and Cowper was hailed as the 
first poet of his age. The success of this second 
pubhcation set the first in motion, and Johnson 
unmediately reaped the fruit of his undaunted 
judgment. In 1815 the copyright was put up 
to s^e among the members of the trade in thirty- 
two shares. Twenty of these shares were sold 
at j^212. per share, including printed copies in 
quires to the amount of i^8?., which eacn pur- 
chaser was to take at a stipulated price; and 
twelve shares were retained in the hands of the 
proprietor. The work was satisfactorily proved, 
at the salcj to net £SM. per annum. It had 
only two years of copyright, and yet this same 
copyright, with printed copies, produced, esti- 
mating the twelve shares which were retamed at 
the same price as those which were ^old, the 
sum of ^6764. 

§ Dr. William Enfield was bor^ at Sudbury 
in 1741, and educated at Daventiy. He died 
at Norwich, Nov. 3, 1797. His &rmoivf, with 



204 



ANNALS OF AUTHORS. ARTISTS, 



Oodma, Dr. John Hunter, Rev. Dr. Hunter, 
Lavater, Lindsey,* Howard, Dr. Lardner, 
Newton,Nichol8on, Priestley, Home Tooke,t 
and endless other works of the first rate 
authors and artists, were arranged and 
brought forward with almost unprecedented 
success. Among the most eminent artists 
and engravers employed by Mr. Johnson 
were Fuseli, Sharp, HoUoway, Heath, 
Neagle, &c. The entertainment afforded 
in the brilliant conversation and flashes of 
vnt between Fuseli, Home Tooke, and 
others, will never be forgotten by those who 
witnessed it and have survived them. Fu- 
selij was always a welcome guest at Mr. 
Johnson's hospitable board; and I believe 
the only picture that ornamented his plain 
old dining room was Fuseli's original paint- 
ing of the Nightmare, which Dr. Darwin in 
his Botanic Grarden thus so beautifully 
characterises : — 

" So on his nightmare, through the evening fogr. 
Flits the squab fiend o'er fen, and lake, andbog; 
Seeks some love-wilder'd maid, with sleep op- 

press'd, 
Ahghts, and ermning site upon her breast. 
— Such as of late, amid the murky sky. 
Was mark'd by FuseU's poetic eye ; 
Whose daring tints, with Shakspeare's happiest 

grace. 
Gave to the airy phantom form and place. — 
Back o'er her pillow sinks her blushmg head ; 
Her snow-white limbs hang helpless from the 

bed; 
While with quick sighs, and suffocative breath. 
Her interrupted heart-pulse swims in death." 

Mr. Johnson's business was for some 
time conducted by a person of the name of 
Redman, who had, I believe, originally fol- 
lowed the profession of a schoolmaster, and 
retained the cross habits and manners of the 
pedagogue, from perhaps the anxiety and 



his life prefixed, was pubHshed by Dr. Aikin, in 
three volumes. 

* Theophilus Lindsey was bom at Middle- 
wich, Cheshire, June 2d, 1723, and died No- 
vember 3, 1808. 

t John Home Tooke died March 18, 1812, 
aged seventy-six years. His valuable tibrary 
was sold by Messrs. King and Loch^e in the 
course of the following year. 

X Henry FuseU, R.A. was born at Zurich, in 
Switzerland, and was the second son of Gaspard 
Fuseh^ bookseller. At an early age he came to 
England, and by the encouragement of Sir Joshua 
Reynolds devoted himself to painting. One of 
his greatest efforts was the production of the 
Milton ^lery, which was pubHcly exhibited in 
1799. He died April 26, 1825. 



care which the calling of the schoolmaster 
sometimes creates. He was a clever, steady, 
well conducted man. If I mistake not, he 
emigrated to America, where he turned 
farmer. 

Subsequently Mr. Rowland Hunter, a 
nephew of Mr. Johnson's, who, possessing 
the amiable quiet manners of his uncle, 
conducted the extensive business for many 
years with the greatest integrity, was uni- 
versally esteemed, and succeeded to the 
business. However, as many of the lead- 
ing authors had died during Mr. Johnson's 
life time — ^the copyrights being necessarily 
disposed of — ^and the position of writers 
greatly changed, as well as the trade itself, 
it unfortunately did not lead to the advan- 
tages that were contemplated. Besides, 
Mr. Johnson left the bulk of his personal 
and general property to other relatives, who 
have in the most spirited manner employed 
the fruits of his industry with their own 
good fortune, in trade. 

I could dilate and dwell upon the sub- 
ject of Mr. Johnson and his connexions far 
beyond the linuts of a few colunms in the 
Aldine Magazine, for perhaps there nev«r 
was a more considerate or indulgent friend 
than he was, in the most tr3ring occasions 
of his brethren in trade. He has been 
heard to say, that he would have retired 
from business many years before his demise, 
but from a consciousness of the numerous 
persons, authors and artists, as well as tra- 
ders, who would have been injured by it 
The numbers of medical and scientific books 
and distinguished periodicals that he pub- 
lished would form an extensive catalogue. 

He was from habit and necessity ex- 
tremely temperate ; and his quiet, sbjrewd, 
yet agreeable manners were sure to please ; 
and tibe wit of Home Tooke, and more 
particularly that of PuseU, frequently created 
the greatest delight and good humour at 
his table. Godwin was also a frequent, but 
rather silent guest. As to poor Mary 
Wolstoncroft, she never met with a more 
kind hearted, Hberal, and friendly adviser 
than in Mr. Johnson ; who reaped a golden 
and richly deserved harvest from the com- 
bination of talent engaged in the literary 
connexions which he had formed during bis 
long and useful life. 

I was often surprised at the quiet comfort, 
and ease with which he entertained the cha- 
racters who assembled at his literary parties, 
which were held every Wednesday for 



BOOKS, AND BOOKSELLERS. 



205 



several years, in a plain moderate sized 
room, where, at other times, important trans- 
actions took place, and immense sums were 
paid to authors, artists, stationers, printers, 
and others concerned with him in trade ; all 
of whom were so satisfied with his straight- 
forward character and conduct, that per- 
haps, if the hopes and success of all were 
not realised, his own mental feelings suffered 
more in the anxiety and care of a business 
in which the interest of so many were con- 
cerned, than the parties themselves felt. 

Mr. Johnson was the invariable and con- 
fidential fn&oA of the late George Robin- 
son, sen. whom I have so recently described. 

I knew Mr. Johnson fix)m 1785 to 1805, 
and cannot conclude without paying a tri- 
bute to his kindness to me nearly forty 
years since — when I had a considerable sum 
to pay him, which I could not immediately 
accomplish. He handed me a check on 
Coutts for upwards of 300/. ; told me to 
take what I required, bring him the differ- 
ence, and pay the remainder as soon as I 
conveniently coidd. Subsequently he gave 
me the most friendly advice, to which I 
strictly adhered. 

Yours, my dear Son, 
Ever affectionately. 

An Old Bookseller. 



LETTER XII. 



ADDISON, POPE, STEELE, SWIFT, 
&c.; THE LINTOTS, JACOB TON- 
SON, ANDREW MILLAR, &c. 



Aldine Chambers^ Patetmoster Row, 
London, March 22, 1839. 

My dear Son, 

You will perceive that I have 
placed in juxtaposition Authors, Artists, 
Books, and Booksellers ; permit me to im- 
press upon your mind, whatever the world 
may say to the contrary, that every thing 
interesting in literature originates in one 
or the other of these sources. I ought, 
perhaps, to have commenced my biographi- 
cal and bibliographical sketches with the 
above sentence ; as my earliest connexions 
and recollections are associated with them, 
or at least with their successors in the field 
of Uterature, in which it is delightful to 
niQge or to dwell. Of the Lintots I have 



much to say ; and of tliose who foU6ii9t^d in 
their wake, perhaps still more. 

It is somewhat remarkable that three of 
the most eminent booksellers of their day, 
expired nearly at the same period — viz., 
Jacob Tonson, on the 31st of March, 1757; 
Thomas Osborn, on the 21st of August, in 
the same year ; and Andrew Millar, on the 
8th of June, 1768. 

From, perhaps, adventitious circumstances, 
the Lintots claim the precedence ; and how 
admirably Nichols has pourtrayed their cha- 
racter, as he has every thing else — ^witb 
touches, of a master hand ! 

Respecting Barnard and Henry Lintot 
Mr. Nichols, in the first number of his 
Essays and Illustrations, says — 

" Of these very respectal^le booksellers, father 
and son, the little that is known being principally 
through the dense and partial mediums of " The 
Dmunad," I feel a pecidiar pleasure, as a brother 
of the crafi;, in endeavouring to vindicate their 
memories. 

" Barnaby* Bernard Lintott, son of 
John Lintott, late of Horsham^ in Sussex, Yeo- 
man, was bound apprentice at Stationers' Hall, 
to Thomas Lingard, Dec. 4, 1690, turned over 
to John Harding 1691 ; and made free March 18, 
1699. He soon after commenced business as a 
bookseller, at the sign of the Cross Keys, be- 
tween the Temple gates, where he was patronised 
by many of the most eminent ivriters of a period 
which has been styled the Augustan Age of 
English Literature." 

It appears that the first work published 
by Lintot was a volume of Miscellanies in 
prose and verse, in 1702 (at the Pestle and 
Mortar, without Temple Gate, where he 
dealt largely in law books), and consisted of 
contributions from the first wits of the age, 
as well as translations and maxims from die 
ancients. The principal contributors were 
— ^The Marquis of Normanby, the late Lord 
Rochester (Earl of Dorset), Mr. Waller, 
Mrs. Wharton, Dr. King, &c. He subse- 
quently published some of Dryden's poems 
singly, and others for Lady Chudleigh, Pope, 
Gay, Farquhar, Fenton, Pamel, &c. 

In 1704 he published a Collection of Tales, 
Tragical and Comical, by Thomas D'Urfey, 
Gentleman, dedicated to the Duke of Ar- 
gyle, in which he thus compliments his 
grace's excellent consort my Lady Duchess 
— ** whose singular virtue and beauty had 

* This was the name under which he was 
bound apprentice; but he soon dropped Bar- 
naby ; and after some years wrote Lintot, with 
a single [t] at the end. 



906 



ANNALS OF AUTHORS, ARTISTS, 



raised her to bo happy a sphere, which 
nothing but your grace's affection could 
give addition to.*' 

Bernard Lintot continued to publish ex- 
tensively for upwards of twenty years after 
the above period. In 1709 ** The Oxford 
and Cambridge Miscellany Poems " made 
their appearance, and it seems were chiefly 
written by Fenton, Prior, Hopkins, Phillips, 
Gkurdiner. Sir John Denham, Lord Hali^, 
Dr. Sprat, Dr. Yalden, &c. &c. A similar 
volume appeared in 1712, in which are con- 
tained two " copies of verses" addressed to 
Bernard Lintot on the publication of the 
Miscellanies ; one of them, as it afterwards 
appeared, by Swift, who subsequently en- 
larged them — the other by a nameless, but 
not inelegant bard, perhaps Dr. King, of the 
Commons. The latter we insert as illus- 
trating the fancy of the age in publications 
of this class. 

On a Miscellany of Poemt — ^To Bernard Lin- 
tot. IpUL varietate tentamia efficere ut alia aliis; 
quadam for taste omnibus placeant. — Plin. Epist. 

'* As when some skilAil cook, to please each 

Jpiest, 
d in one mixture comprehend a feast. 
With due proportion and judicious care 
He fills his dish with diff 'rent sorts of fare ; 
Fishes and fowl deUciously unite. 
To feast at once the taste, the smell, and sight ; 
So, Bernard, must a Miscellany be 
Compounded of all kinds of poetry ; 
The Muses' Olio, which all tastes may fit. 
And teach each reader with his darling wit. 
Wouldst thou for Miscellanies raise thy fame. 
And bravely rival Jacob's mighty name. 
Let all the muses in the piece conspire; 
The lyric bard must strike th' harmonious lyre ; 
Heroic strains must here and there be found. 
And nervous sense be sung in lofty sound ; 
Let elegy in moving numbers flow. 
And fill some pages with melodious woe. 
Let not your am rous songs too num'rous prove. 
Nor glut thy reader with abundant love; 
Satire must interfere, whose pointed rage 
May lash the madness of a vicious age ! 
Satire — ^the muse that never fails to hit. 
For if there's scandal, to be sure there's wit. 
Tire not our patience with Pindaric lays. 
Those swell tne piece, but very rarely please : 
Let short breathed epigram its force confine. 
And strike at follies m a single Une. 
Translations should throughout the work be 

sown. 
And Homer's sodhke muse be made our own; 
Horace in useml numbers should be sung. 
And Virgil's thoughts adorn the British tongue; 
Let Ovid tell Corima's hard disdain. 
And at her door in melting notes complain ! 
His tender accents pitying virgins move. 
And charm the list'ning ear with tales of love. 



Let every classic in the volume shine. 
And each contribute to thy great design : 
Through various subjects let the r^er range. 
And raise his fancy with a grateful change ; 
Variety's the source of joy below. 
From whence still fresh revolving pleasures flow : 
In books and love, the mind one end pursues. 
And only change th' expiring flame renews. 
Where Buckingham will condescend to give, 
Tbat honour'd piece to distant times must hve ; 
When noble Sheffield strikes the trembling 

strinss. 
The httle loves rejoice, and clap their wings ; 
Anacreon Uves ! they cry ; the harmomous ^ 

swain / 

Retimes the lyre, and tries his wonted strain; I 
'Tis he ! — our lost Anacreon hves again. * 

But, when the illustrious poet soars above 
The sportive revels of the god of love. 
Like Maro's muse, he takes a loftier flight. 
And towers beyond the wond'ring Cupid's sight. 
" If thou wouldst have thy volume stand the 
test. 
And of all others be routed best. 
Let Congreve teach the list'ning groves to 

mourn. 
As when he wept o'er fair Pastora's urn. 
Let Prior's muse with soft'ning accents move, 
Soft as the strains of constant Emma's love : 
Or let his fancy choose some jovial theme. 
As when he told Hans Carvel's jealous dream ; 
Prior th' admiring reader entertains 
With Chaucer's humour, and with Spencet's 

strains. 
Waller in Granville Hves; when Mira sings. 
With Waller's hands he strikes the sounding 

strings. 
With sprightly turns his noble genius shines. 
And manly sense adorns his easy hnes. 
On Addison's sweet lays attention waits. 
And silence guards the place while he repeats; 
His muse alike on ev'ry subject charms. 
Whether she paints the god of love or arms : 
In him, pathetic Ovid sin^ a^ain. 
And Homer's Iliad shines m ms Campaign, 
Whenever Garfh shall raise his sprightly song. 
Sense flows in easy numbers from his tongue ; 
Great Phabus in his learned son we see. 
Alike in physic, as in poetry. 
When Pope's harmonious muse with pleasure 

roves 
Amidst the plains, the murm'ring streams and 

groves. 
Attentive Echo, pleas'd to hear his son^. 
Through the glad shade each warbhng note 

prolongs; 
His various numbers charm our ravish'd ears, y 
His steady judgment far outshoots his years, \ 
And early in the youth the God appears." j 

In 1714 Lintot reprinted his " Miscella- 
nies," in which he displayed the names of the 
several writers, among whom were Pope — 
whose Rape of the Lock appeared in it ; also 
— An Ode for Music ; on St. Cecillia's Day ; 
Windsor Forest, An Essay on Criticism, &c. 



BOOKS, AND BOOKSELLERS. 



207 



And in the same year as above, Lintot 
entered into a very liberal agreement with 
Pope for his translation of Homer's Iliad, 
the printing of which was soon after 
began by Mr. Bowyer, and diligently at- 
tended to by all parties. Mr. Gray, in a 
letter to Congreve, April 7th, 1713, face- 
tiously says, " Mr. Pope's Homer is retarded 
by the great rains that have fallen of late, 
which causes the sheets to be long a drying. 
This gives Mr. Lintot great uneasiness ; 
who is now endeavouring to engage the cu- 
rate of the parish to pray for fair weather, 
that bis work may go on." Pope made up- 
wards of 5000/. this year, but Lintot lost a 
large sum from a bad arrangement, and 
from the work being pirated in Holland tmd 
smuggled into this country. His biogra- 
phers say, in the years 1715-16 we find Mr. 
Lintot pursuing his profession on the River 
Thames; 



(C 



In this place Bowyer pUes; there 's Lintot's 
stand." 



He subsequently published Poems on Several 
Occasions by his Grrace the Duke of Buck- 
ingham, Mr. Wycherly, Lady Winchilsea, 
Sir Samuel Garth, Nicholas Rowe, &c., 
dedicated by Fenton to the Earl of Orrery." 
Immediately afterwards Mr. Lintot, with 
Jacob Tonson, was appointed printer of the 
Votes, &c. of the House of Commons. 

Hiere does not appear to have been any 
altercation between the bookseller and the 
author, during the period of the publication 
of tiie Iliad or the Odyssey, which continued 
till 1725 ; but from whatever cause it may 
have arisen, the friendship between Pope 
and his publisher appears to haVe terminated 
with the conclusion of Homer. 

In an undated letter, addressed by Mr. 
Pope to the Earl of Burlington about that 
period, his description of his old friend, Ber- 
nard Lintot, is given with the most exqui- 
site humour. " I know of nothing in our 
language," says Dr. Warton, " that equals 
it,* except perhaps Mr. Colman's descrip- 
tion in a terra filius, of an expedition of a 
bookseller and his wife to Oxford." 

•* My Lord, 

^* K your mare could speak, she would 
give you an account of what extraordinary com- 
pany she had on the road ; which since sne tian- 
not do I will. It was the enterprising Mr. Lin- 

* I shall give my readers an opportunity of 
judging. 



tot, the redoubtaUe rival of Mr. Tonson, who, 
mounted on a horse (no disagreeable com- 
panion to your lordship's mare), overtook me in 
Windsor Forest. He said he heard I designed 
for Oxford, the seat of the muses, and would, 
as my bookseller, by all means, accompany me 
thither. 

'' I asked him where hie got his horse? — he 
answered, he got it of his publisher. ' For that 
rogue, my printer, (said he) disappointed me : I 
hoped to put him in a good humour by a treat at 
the tavern, of a brown fricasee of rabbits, which 
cost two shiUings, with two quarts of wine, be- 
sides my conversation. I thought myself cock 
sure of his horse, which he readily promised me, 
but said that Mr. Tonson had just such another 
design of going to Cambridge, expecting there a 

copy of a new kind of Horace from Dr. ; and 

if Mr. Tonson went, he was pre-engaged to at- 
tend, being to have the printing of the said copy. 
So, in short, I borrowed this horse of my pub- 
lisher, which he had of Mr. Oldmixon for a debt; 
he lent me, too, the pretty boy you see a^r me.: 
he was a smutty dog yesterday, and cost me near 
two hours to wash the ink off his face : but the 
devil is a £ur conditioned devil, and very forward 
in his catechise ; if you have any more bags he 
shall carry them. I thought Mr. Lintofs civility 
not to be neglected, so gave the boy a small bag, 
containing three shirts and an Elzever Yirgil; 
and mounting in an instant proceeded on the 
road, with my man before, my courteous sta- 
tioner beside, and the aforesaid devil behind.' 

" Mr. Lintot began in this manner : — * Now, 

d them ! — ^what if they should put it into the 

newspapers, how you and I went together to Ox- 
ford ? — ^what would I care ? If I should go down 
into Sussex they would say I was gone to the 
Speaker. But what of that ! If my son were but 

big enough to go on with the business, by 1 

would keep as good company as old Jacob.' 

" Hereupon I inquired of his son. ' The lad 
now (says ne) has fine parts, but is somewhat 
sickly, much as you are. I spare for nothing in 
his education at Westminster. Pray, don't you 
think Westminster to be the best school in Eng- 
land? Most of the late Ministers came out of it, 
so did many of this Ministry. I hope the boy 
will make his fortune.' 

" ' Don't vou design to let him pass a year at 
Oxford?' 'To what purpose? (said he). The 
Universities do but make pedants, and I intend 
to breed him a man of busmess.' 

" As Mr. Lintot was talking, I observed he sat 
uneasy on his saddle ; for which I expressed some 
soUcitude. — * Nothing (says he), 1 can bear it 
well enough ; but since we have the day before 
us, methinks it would be very pleasant for you 
to rest a-while under the woods.' When we 
were alighted — ' See here what a mighty pretty 
Horace I have in my pocket! — ^what if you 
amused yourself in turning an Ode till we mount 
again! Lord! if you pleased, what a clever 
Miscellany might you make at leisure hours !' 
' Perhaps I may (said I) if we ride on ; the mo- 
tion is an aid to my fancy, a round trot very 



^8 



ANNALS OF AUTHORS, ARTISTS, 



much awakens my spiiits; then jog ojk a-pace> 
and I will think as hard as I can.' 

'' Silence ensued for a full hour, after which 
Mr. I^tot hugged the reins, stopped %h.ort, and 
broke out, ' Well, Sir, how far have you gone?' 
I answered seven miles. ' Z — ds. Sir, (said Lin- 
tot) I thought you had done seven stanzas. 
Oldisworth, m a ramble round Wimbledon-hill, 
would translate a whole Ode in half this time. 
I'll say that for Oldisworth (though I lost by 
his Timothy), he translates an Ode of Horace 
the ouickest of any man in England. I remem- 
ber Dr. Kinff would write verses, in a tavern, 
three hours after he could not speak ; and there's 
Sir Richard, in that rumbling old chariot of his, 
between Fleet ditch and St. Giles's pound, shall 
make you half a job,* ' Pray, Mr. Lintot (said 
I), now you talk of translators, what is your 
mode of managing them ?' ' Sir, (replied he) 
those are the sa£le8t pack of rogues in tiie 
world : in a hungry fit they'll swear they under- 
stand all the languages in the universe : I have 
known one of them take down a Greek book 
upon my counter, and cry — ^Ah ! this is Hebrew, 
I must read it from the ktter end — B — . I can 
never be sure in these fellows, for I neither un- 
derstand Greek, Latin, French, nor Italian my- 
self : but this is my way ; I agree with them for 
ten shillings per sheet, with a proviso, that I 
will have then* doings corrected by whom I 
please ; so by one or other they are led at last 
to the true sense of an author, my judgment 
giving the negative to all my translators.' ' But 
how are you secure those correctors may not 
impose upon you ?' * Why, I get any civil gen- 
tleman (espemlly any Scotchman) that comes 
into my shop to read the original to me in Eng- 
lish ; by this I know whether my first translator 
be deficient, and whether my corrector merits 
his money or not. I'll tell you what happened 
to me last month : I bargained with S. for a 
new version of Lucretius, to publish against 
Tonson; agreeing to pay the author so many 
shillings at his producing so many lines. H!e 
made a great progress in a very short time, and 
I gave it to the corrector to compare with the 
Latin ; but he went directly to Creech's transla- 
tion, and found it the same, word for word, all 
but the first page. Now, what do you think I 
did 7 — I arrested the translator for a cheat, nay, 
and I stopped the corrector's pay too, upon tins 
proof that he had made use of Creech instead of 
the original.' ' Pray, tell me, how you deal 
with the critics ?' ' Sir, (said he) nothmg more 
easy. I can silence the most formidable of 
them : the rich ones for a sheet a-piece of the 
blotted manuscript, which costs me nothing; 
they'll go about with it to their acquaintance, 
and pretend they had it from the author, who 
submitted it to their correction ; this has given 
some of them such an air, that in time they 
come to be consulted with, and dedicated to, as 
the top critics of the town. As for the poor 
critics, I'll give you one instance of my manage- 
ment, by which you may guess at the rest. A 
lean man, that looked like a very good scholar. 



came to me t'other day, he turned over your 
Homer, shook his head, shru^ed his shoulders, 
and pished at eveiy line of it. ' One would 
wonder (said he) at the presumption of some 
men ; Homer is no such easy task that every 
stripling, every versifier' — ^he was gomg on, 
when my wife called to dinner. ' Sir, (said I) 
will you please to eat a piece of beef with me?' 
' Mr. Lintot, (said he) I am sorry you should be 
at the expense of this great book ; I am really 
concerned on your account.' ' Sir, I am much 
obliged to you : if you can dine upon a piece of 
beef together with a slice of pudding' — * Mr. 
Lintot, I do not say but Mr. Pope, if he would 
condescend to advise with men of leaming'- 
' Sir, the pudding is on the table, if you please 
to go in' — ^my critic complies, he comes to a 
taste of your poetry, and tells me, in the same 
breath, that the book is commendable, and the 
pudding excellent ! Now, Sir, (concluded Mr. 
Lintot) in return to the frankness I have shewn, 
pray tell me, is it the opinion of your friends at 
coiut that my Lord Lansdowne will be brought 
to the bar or not ?' I told him I heard he would 
not, and I hoped it, my Lord being one I had 

r'cular obligations to. ' This may be (replied 
Lintot) ; but, by , if he is not I shall 

lose the printing of a very good trial.' These;, 
my Lord, are a few traits by which you wiU dis- 
cern the genius of Mr. Lmtot, which I have 
chosen for the subject of a letter. I dropped 
him as soon as I got to Oxford, and paid a visit 
to my Lord Carleton, at Middleton. The ooii* 
versations I enjoy here are not to be prejudioed 
by my pen, and the pleasures from them only to 
be equalled when I meet your Lordship. I hope 
in a few days to cast myself from your horse at 
your feet. " A. Pope." 

Mr. Pope conceived Lintot had risen above 
his proper level; for it appears that early in 
1726, having by successful exertions in bu- 
siness acquired a decent competence, and 
made some additions to his paternal inherit- 
ance in Sussex, he was desirous of tracing 
the origin of his family, and for that pur- 
pose consulted Humphrey Wanley, who had 
then the custody of the Earl of Oxford's 
Heraldic MSS., and in whose diary is the 
following memorandum :-—" Young Mr. lin- 
tot, the bookseller, came enquiring after 
arms, as belonging to his father, mother, and 
other relations, who now, it seems, want to 
turn gentlefolks. 1 could find none of their 
names." 

Mr. Pope had at this period undoubtedly 
conceived a very ill impression of his quon- 
dam bookseller ; and in 1727 vented his in- 
dignation without mercy in the "Dunciad."* 

* I should rather imf^;ine that Pope's jea- 
lousy arose from the actual independence of 
Lintot, for he amassed much wealth, and left an 
independent fortune. 



BOOKS AND BOOKSELLERS. 



209 



His principal delinquency, however, seems to 
have been, that he was a stout man, clum- 
sily made, not a very considerable scholar, 
and that he filled his shop with rubric posts. 
Against his benevolence and general moral 
character, there is not even an insinuation. 
In the first book, he is thus ungraciously 
introduced — 

" Here miscellanies spring, the weekly boast 
Of Cm'Il's choice press, and Lintot's rubric 
post." 

With regard to the rubric posts, or rather 
slips of flat timber painted in alternate spaces 
of red and white, &c., with the names of 
authors, or celebrated works, inscribed in 
red, I recoUect several persons to have 
sported them, even in my day. Among the 
latest were James Buckland, at the sign of 
the Buck, in Paternoster Row ; John Sewell, 
m Comhill ; and Brown, in the Strand. 

To return to Curll and Lintot, or rather 
to Lintot and Curll, Although Lintot 
adorned his shop with titles in red letters, 
he was not fined, as Curll was, in the Court 
of King's Bench, for selling obscene books. 

In the race described in the second book 
of the Dunciad, in honour of the goddess of 
dulness, Lintot and CurU'*' are entered 
ftmproperlyj as rival candidates : — 

" But lofty Lintot in the circle rose; 
* This prize is mine ; who tempt it are my foes ; 
With me began this genius, and shall end !' 
He spoke: and who with Lintot shall contend? 
Fear held them mute. Alone, untaught to fear. 
Stood dauntless Curll; — 'Behold that rival here ! 
The race by vigour, not by vaunts, is won ; 
So take the hindmost, HeU!' (he said) and run. 
Swift as a bard the baihff leaves behind. 
He left huge Lintot, and out-strip'd the wind. 
As when a dab-chick waddles through the copse 
On feet and wings, andflies, and wades, and hops ; 
So lab'ring on with shoulders, hands, and head. 
Wide as a windmill all his figure spread. 
With arms extended Bemara rows his state. 
And left-legg*d Jacobf seems to emulate.";!; 

Bernard lintot appears to have soon after 

* Curll is again honourect in the Dunciad as 
contendinff wifli Osborne. See Nichols, Vol. 3, 
p. 649. 

t Jacob Tonson, of whom see an account fol- 
lowing that of Lintot. 

X In the GuUiveriana, a fourth volume of 
Miioellanies, being a semiel to the three volumes 
pahlished by Pope and bwift; to which is added, 
Alerandriana, or a Comparison between the 
Ecclesiastical and Poetical Pope, &c. In 1728 
appeared the following lines, under the title of 
" Lintot's Lamentation :" 



relinquished his business to his son Henry, 
and to have retired to Horsham In Sussex, 
for which county he was nominated high 
sheriff in November, 1755; an honour 
which he did not live to enjoy, as his death 
happened Feb. 3, 1735-6, at the age ot^^l. 
In tiie newspapers of the day he was styled 
" Bernard Lantot, Esq., of the Middle Tem- 
ple, late an eminent bookseller in Fleet 
Street." 

Henry Lintot, his only son, was bom 
about August, 1709 ; was admitted to the 
freedom of the Company of Stationers, by 
patrimony, Sept. 1, 1703 ; obtained the 
livery the same day; and from that time 
their business was carried on in the joint 
names of Bernard and Henry : but the father 
passed the principal part of his time in 
Sussex. 

Two days after the death of Bernard, 
Henry was appointed high sheriff for that 
county, where his residence was at South- 
water, in the Rape of Bramber, about two 
miles from Horsham. He married, first, the 
daughter of Sir John Aubrey, Bart., of 
Llantrjrthed in Glamorganshire (whose mo- 
ther was Margaret, daughter of Sir John 
Lowther, Bart.) ; by whom he had an only 
daughter and heiress, Catherine, who was 
married Oct. 20, 1768, with a fortune of 
45,000/., to Captain Henry' Fletcher, at 
that time a Director of the East India Com- 
pany. Mr. Lintot married, secondly, Phi- 
ladelphia — ^by whom he had no issue. He 
died in 1758 ; and his widow, Jan. 31, 1762. 

From an old account book of Bernard 
Lintot the following information respecting 
the prices paid, heretofore, for the copjrright 
of plays is obtained. Tragedies were then 
the fieushionable drama, aiid obtained the best 
price. Dr. Young received for his Busiris, 
84/. ; Smith, for his Phaedra and Hippolitus, 
50/. ; Rowe, for his Jane Shore, 50/. 1 5s. : 
and for Lady Jane Grey, 75/. 5s. ; and Cib- 
ber, for hisNonjurer, obtained 105/. About 
the middle of the last century, one hundred 
crowns were paid in Paris to the author of 



" Well, then! all human things, henceforth 
avast! 
Sawney the great is quite cut down at last. 
But I must say, this judgment was due to him 
For basely murdering Homer's sacred poem : 
Due, too, from dropping me and runnmg mad. 
To fall so foul on ev'ry mend he had. 
So Fate and Jove require,* and so, dear Pope, 
Either thy razor set, or buy a rope." 

* See Dunciad, Book I. 



210 



IMPROMPTU. 



a successfiil play. Till the year 17^ farces 
were not given after plays till the eighth or 
ninth representation. This leading to the 
opinion that a farce was a symptom that the 
main piece was on the decline. La Mothe 
desired that a farce might be given after the 
first representation of his Romuhu. The 
example became universal. 

Whatever Pope's opinion may have been 
of Lintot, it is evident that Lintot and his 
son increased in respectability, and rose to 
great eminence as booksellers — as the fore- 
going will testify. The talented and vener- 
able Mr. Nichols, who has given so excellent 
an account of Lintot, says that many months 
after the article in his Literary Anecdotes on 
the Lintots was printed off, the unwearied 
researches of Mr. Disraeli brought to light 
a smaU memorandum book of those enter- 
prizing booksellers, entituled, '* Copies, when 
purchased;" and, from this document, his 
'* Quarrels of Authors " are illustrated by 
some very interesting particulars respecting 
Pope and other writers. But the plan 
of his publication not admitting of minutuB, 
which may be. pardonable in his desultory 
pages, Mr. Nichols then, from a MS. from 
which he obtained permission, from the late 



Mr. James Nunn, bookseller, to copy the 
particulars of Lintot's purchases of copyright 
from authors and brethren in trade, enu- 
merates the whole of them, alphabetically, 
for a period of twenty-five years. They 
form about a dozen pages, with notes on two 
hundred and fifty different works, the pur- 
chases of which, by Lintot, amounted to 
about 10,000/., out of which he paid 
4,271 J. 68, 7^d, to Pope for his various pro- 
ductions, besides the rights that Pope re- 
tained in copies and in subscriptions, while 
poor Broom appears to have received only 
35/. from Lintot for his Miscellany Poems ! 
Surely, then. Pope seems to have had littie 
cause of complaint against his bookseller ; 
particularly as it has always been stated that 
he received upwards of 5000/. in the year 
that his Homer was completed, from the 
right he retained in the quarto and other 
editions. Poor Broom appears to have de- 
served more consideration, from the too 
frequently quoted lines of Dr. Johnson : 



" Pope translated Homer, but they say 
Broom went before, and gently swept the way. 

I AM, &c.. 

An old Booksslleb. 



»> 



BILL OF PARCELS OF JACOB TONSON THE BOOKSELLER 

From the Original in the Colleciion of a Lady. 



To S' Wm Trumball 
October 28 1694 
1 Cooks Detection 2 Tolls 
1 Temples Introduct : pi 

ffeb 6th 
1 Wingate's Abridgment 
1 Wasningtons Abridg°^* 
1 Polyantnea lit 



0:7:0 
0:3:0 



0:9:6 
0: 14: 



Received the full 
contents of this Bill 
Pr me 
Jacob Tonson 



1- 13 6 



IMPROMPTU. ON THE ALDINE POETS. 

The Aldine Poets ! — ^why so called ? 

^/though I can't divine — 
May Al-&ae Poets o/ways sell. 

And Poets a/-ways dine/ 



POINTS OF THE MONTH. 



APRIL. 



FboiI the intelligent pages of a contempo- 
rary, we transcribe an account of some of 
the numerous derivations which have been 
adduced of the name of the generally 
lovely, soul-inspiring, life-invigorating 
month of April. — " From the verb aperire, 
' to open,' because, at this time, the earth 
seems to be opening and preparing to 
enrich us with its gifts; according to 
Varro, from Aphrodite, because April is 
consecrated especially to this goddess ; or 
(which is much the same) according to 
Macrobius, from a Greek word signifying 
aphrilis, or descended from Venus, or bom 
of the foam of the sea, because Romulus is 
said to have dedicated the month to Venus. 
The first of these derivations appears the 
hest, for April is truly the spring of the 
year, in which the earth is nourished by 
alternate rains and sunshine. The tempe- 
rature advances this month ; and, upon an 
average, April is considered to have not 
more tihan sbc frosty nights. Its mean 
temperature is 49° 9'; highest, 74°; lowest, 
29°." This year, indeed, throughout the 
whole month, friend Murphy says not one 
word about frost at aU. On the contrary, 
he assigns us sixteen days fair ; six, rain ; 
three, rain, with wind; two, rain, with 
storm; and only three changeable, in the 
entire changeable month of April. Very 
civil of you, indeed. Master Murphy. 
A modem poet has remarked, that 
" Beauty's tear is lovelier than her smile." 
We deny the truth of the position ; or, 
at the most, allow it to be only partially 
correct : for instance, when it is the over- 
flow of love or of pity, of benevolence, or 
of any other kindly feeling ; or when, it is 
elicited by fictitious rather than by real 
woe. April generally blends her tears and 
her smiles so sweetly, that we love them 
both ; nevertheless, we like not the former 
to preponderate. 

April, as the precursor of May, is the 
nurse of flowers, — of young, tender, gentle, 
modest flowers ; the violet, hyacinth, cow- 
slip, waU-flower, and the peerless primrose ; 
the laurel, blackthorn, almond, apple, pear, 
&c. And April too> brings forward the 
swallow, the cuckoo, the nightingale, and 



numerous other birds of song, rendering 
the air vocal. "Friend" Howitt could 
write a charming volume on this subject 
alone. 

The Easter holidays commence on Mon- 
day, the first of April ; and that many a 
fool, of both sexes, will be made on that 
day, in addition to those who were born 
fools, there cannot be a doubt. 

Three naval victories are intitled to com- 
memoration this month : that of Blake, 
over the Spanish fleef, on the 20th, in 1657 ; 
that of Rodney, over the French, on the 
12th, in 1782; and that of Nelson, at 
Copenhagen, on the 2nd, in 1801. 

Blake had been a distinguished soldier 
not only in his youth, but in his manhood ; 
and he was more than fifty years of age 
when, relinquishing land-fighting for sea- 
fighting, he took an admiral's command, 
and, under Cromwell, carried the naval 
power of Britain to a greater height than 
it had ever reached before — to a greater 
height than naval power had ever before 
been carriedi in any age or nation. Blake 
shrank from no attempt howsoever despe- 
rate : the very temerity of his enterprises 
struck terror into the enemy, and more 
than half achieved the victory. 

Nelson — the great, the glorious, the im- 
mortal Nelson — was the Blake of the 
eighteenth and ninteenth centuries. Nel- 
son, the victor of a hundred fights, has 
been dead more than three-and-thirty years ; 
and yet — " Oh, Shame, where is thy 
blush ? '* — ^the metropolis of the first naval 
nation that ever existed remains without a 
monument to record his name ! This is 
the more oflfensive-— disgusting is the more 
suitable word — when it is remembered that, 
within that period, Britain has honoured a 
Sailor King upon his throne. At length 
there is an understanding, that, in Trafalgar 
Square, Charing Cross, there is to be a 
sometlung erected — not, we fear, to honour 
the name of Nelson, but rather to disgrace 
the country. A pitiful sum has been col- 
lected, — a committee has been appointed 
for the management of the business — com- 
petition of artists has been invited — a 
swarm of pitiful models and drawings has 



212. 



POINTS OF THE MONTH. 



been submitted for iiiflpection — and, from 
the multitude, one has been selected by the 
committee of taste f!!!j a post, with an 
image on the top of it, which, should it 
unfortunately be erected, will remain for 
ever — so long, at lea^t, as it may last — *' a 
fixed figure for the hand of Scorn to point 
his slow unmoving finger at." In archi- 
tecture and sculpture, how much longer 
are we doomed to remain the laughing 
stock of the nations ? * 

Five-and- twenty years will have elapsed 
on the 6th of this month, since Buona- 
parte's first abdication ; and, to this moment, 
in the reign of the third king of the restor- 
ation, France is a divided kingdom— a king- 
dom split into half a dozen factions : those 
of Louis Philippe, th^ young Buonaparte, 
the Republicans, Henry V., Louis XIX., and 
Louis XVII. 

Volumes, as it has been observed, 
" might be written on the exploits of St. 
George of Cappadocia, the patron saint of 
England, whose festival is held on the 23rd 

* Since the above was written, the committee 
of noblemen and gentlemen appointed to exa- 
mine the various models and designs for the 
Nelson monument, have had the good sense to 
reject them all, in their present form — to order 
them to be returned to their respective authors 
— and to direct that they, in an amended state, 
may, with such new ones as may be produced in 
the interim, be again submitted to the consider- 
ation of the committee on or before the last 
Satunlny in May. The feehng of the pubhc has 
evidently been aroused upon the subject ; and 
thus a hope of escape from the grasp of ignorance, 
barbarism, and jobbery, may yet be indulged. 

Some of our readers will recollect, that, on 
the approach of the first opening of Drury 
Lane Theatre, many years ago, the managing 
committee offered, by pubhc advertisement, a 
premium for the best poetical address that 
might be submitted for the occasion. Numbers 
were, of course, sent ; but the committee, be- 
lieving, or assuming them to be all bad, reject- 
ed them all — in disgraceful violation of their 
pledge, to give a premium for the best, awarded 
710 premium — and wisely set Lord Bjnron to work 
to write an address, which turned out to be far 
worse than most of those which had been reject- 
ed! The Nelson monument committee have 
acted very differently, and very honourably: 
they offered three premiums, and three premi- 
ums have been awarded and paid : the 1st to Mr. 
Railton, for a Corinthian column of 174 feet in 
height, surmounted by a statue of 17 feet ; the 
2nd to E. H. Baily, Esq., R. A., for an allego- 
rical monument in bronze ; the drd to Messrs. 
Fowler and Sievier, for a sepulchral monument, 
partly architeetural, partly sculptural. 



of April ; but the leading events of ids life, 
especially his triumphant conflict with the 
dragon of Sylene, stamped on the golden 
coin of our realm, are familiar even in the 
nursery. The fullest and the most favour- 
able account of St. George — ^who perhaps^ 
like many other saints, was ho better than 
he should be — ^is to be found, we believe, 
in the celebrated golden legend (Legenda 
Aurea) written in Latin by Jacobus de 
Voraigne, archbishop of Genoa, about the 
year 1260. This curious production was, 
in the fourteenth century, translated into 
French by Jean de Vigney ; and from the 
French it was transferred to our language by 
the . industrious and indefatigable Caxton, 
in 1493. Gibbon, also, in his History of the 
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 
has amused us on the subject; and St. 
George has not wanted biographers of every 
possible class and description." Three or 
four seasons ago« through the genius 
of Stanfield, and the talents of Ducrow 
and his horses, we had a capital scenic illus- 
tration of his prowess at one of the winter 
theatres. Retzch's Outlines, also, exhibit 
a noble graphic record of his story. 

In its birth-days, April may be deemed 
sacred to the memory of genius, science, 
literature, and art. Shakspeare, the world's 
wonder, was bom on St. George's day, the 
23rd of April, 1564; and he died on the 
23rd of April, the anniversary of his birth, 
in 1616. And it deserves to be mentioned, 
that Cervantes, second to none but Shaks- 
peare in the lofty aspirations of mind, died 
also on the 23rd of April, 1616. 

Henry Fielding, another "bright and 
particular star" amongst the literary worthies 
of Britain, was bom on the 22nd of April, 
1707. Distinguished as was Fielding by his 
knowledge of human nature, and by his skill 
in her portraiture — distinguished also by the 
number of dramatic pieces which he wrote — 
eight-and-twenty — the only one ever heard 
of now is the sublime tragedy of Tom 
Thumb I 

The vniter of these notes remembers 
holding a brief conversation, sieveral years 
ago, with Mr. Fielding, one of the police 
magistrates of the Queen Square office, 
and a nephew of the great Kelding; the 
only material point of which was, the 
inveterate prejudice that the worthy magis- 
trate entertained against, and the utter 
contempt in which he held, all modem 
literature. There had not been a book 



POINTS OF THE MONTH. 



213 



written, since the days of his uncle, that 
was worth reading ! 

Rafiaello Sanzio, the prince of painters, — 
" so called, hecause he possessed tiie greatest 
of requisites for the art of painting, in 
their highest characters, particularly that 
of expression, or the power of exhibiting 
the thoughts and emotions of men in the 
fiice and figure" — ^was bom on the 7th of 
April, 1483. Within that lapse of time — 
356 years — ^what progress, it may be asked, 
has been made in the art of painting ? 
What do our artists of the present day 
know, or what have they performed, beyond 
what Raffaello knew and performed ? No- 
thing ! With the exception of here and 
there a bright spirit, they have retrograded 
rather than advanced. 

Socrates, who has been justly designated 
as " the founder of the philosophy of good 
sense, who taught us what to do in our 
houses and social intercourse, not forgetting 
the hopes to which Nature herself, and a 
sense of the invisible world, incline the 
aspirations of men," was bom at a village 
near Athens, on the 6th of April, B.C., 468, 
now 2307 years ago. It is no less remark- 
Me than true, that minds of the loftiest 
and sublimest power have offcen been super- 
stitiously inclined. Such was the case of 
Socrates, who, with all his philosophy, 
insisted that an invisible genius constantly 
attended him, warning him of danger, und 
directing him in the course of life he should 
pursue. 

Ren6 Descartes, a philosopher of a differ- 
ent stamp, was bom at La Haye, in Touraine, 
on the 1st of April. 1696. Descartes, un- 
intentionally, laid the foundation of modern 
scepticism. It has been remarked, that, 
while Descartes created a world of his own, 
Newton explained the laws of the universe 
as it came from the hands of the great 
Creator. Descartes, who visited England 
in the reign of Charles I., and was invited 
by that sovereign to remain, established a 
correspondence with Mr. Cavendish, Hobbes, 
Sir Kenelm Digby, Dr. Henry More, &c. 

Dr. William Harvey, a contemporary of 
Descartes, was bom on the 2nd of April, 
1 578. Harvey, the discoverer of the cir- 
culation of the blood, was the friend of 
Cowley, the poet ; and so enraptured was 
he with Virgil, that, at times, whilst reading 
him, he would start up and exclaim — '' He 
had a devil ! " Descartes contributed 
greatly to the fame of Harvey, by asserting 



the tmth of his doctrine respecting the 
circulation of the blood. Harvey was a 
man equally pleasinir in manners and sene- 
rousiif sentient. Though suffering (bead, 
fully from gout, he lived till nearly the age 
of ninety. 

Thomas Hobbes, the philosopher of 
Malmsbury, another of the contemporaries of 
Descartes, was bom on the 5th of April, 
1588. A man of much learning, more 
thinking, and some knowledge of the world, 
he was desirous of striking out new paths of 
science, government, and religion, and of 
removmg the landmarks of former ages. 
His translation of Homer was a ridiculous 
mistake. His numerous metaphysical and 
philosophical works have generally been 
regarded as eminently pernicious, morally, 
religiously, and politically. Evidently a 
vain man, Hobbes was much pleased with 
the following epitaph, which was vrritten 
for him a considerable time before his 
death : — 

•' This is the Philosopher's Stone,*' 

Hume and (ribbon, two other mischievous 
philosophers, and the chief historians of 
the eighteenth century, were bom in the 
month of April : the former on the 26th, in 
1717 ; the latter on the 27th, in 1737. 

April has been extensively the grave 
as well as the cradle of genius ; many, 
especially of our own poets, philosophers, 
artists, &c., having paid the great debt of 
nature in this month. 

Goldsmith, the sweet, the gentle bard 
of "Aubum," died on the 4th, in 1774, 
Young, the poet of death and the grave, 
who is said to have written his "Night 
Thoughts" by the light of flambeaux, in an 
apartment hung with black, gave back his 
spirit to its Creator on the 12th, in 1765. 
Bjnron, the great poetic luminary of our 
own, and a writer *' for all time," will have 
been dead fifteen years on the 19th. Sir 
William Jones, author of much graceful 
and elegant verse, and the 'finest oriental 
scholar of the past generation, on the 27th, 
in 1794. Otway, on the 14th, in 1685. 
Darwin, the author of that fantastical and 
dazzlingly splendid poem, the " Loves of 
the Plants,'* immortalised in its exquisite 
parody, the ** Loves of the Triangles," by 
George Canning, on the^l7th, in 1802. Far- 
quhar, the most brilliant dramatist of the 
early part of the eighteenth century, on 
the 30th, in 1707. 

George Fiurquhar, who died at the early 



314 



POINTS OF THE MONTH. 



age of twenty-nine, wa« as gay in ids 
character and conduct as in his dramatic 
productions. He commenced and finished 
his comedy of The Beatuf' Stratagem in 
about six weeks, during his last illness; 
although he, for a great part of the time, 
was sensible of the approach of death, and 
even foretold what actually occurred — that 
he should die before the run of it was 
over. The vivacity and eccentricity of his 
character are further illustrated by one 
or two incidents, an account of which is 
worth transcribing. While the Beaux* 
Stratagem was in rehearsal, his friend Wilks 
observed to him, that Mrs. Oldfield thought 
he had dealt too fteely with the character 
of Mrs. Sullen, in giving her to Archer 
without such a proper divorce as might be 
a security for her honour. '* Oh ! " replied 
Farquhar, *' I will, if you please, salve that 
immediately, by getting a real divorce, mar- 
rying her myself, and giving her my bond 
that she shall be a real widow in less than 
a fortnight." 

Mr. Wilks, after his death, found amongst 
his papers the following laconic and very 
curious note, addressed to himself : — 

" Dear Bob, 

" I have not any thmg to leave thee to 
peipetuate my memory, but two helpless sirls ; 
look upon them sometimes, and think oi him 
that was, to the last moment of his life, thine. 

''GbORGB FABaUHAR." 

Wilks, to his honour be it recorded, paid 
the most punctual attention to the request 
of his departed friend. 

John Stow, the celebrated historian of 
London, who was bred a tailor, died on the 
5th of April, 1605. In his old age he was 
reduced to the necessity of soliciting charity 
by means of a brief. 

John Leland, another celebrated anti- 
quary and poet, who was bom in London 
about the end of the reign of Henry VII., 
died on the 18th of April, 1552. He was 
educated under the famous Lilye, and he 
studied successively at Cambridge, Oxford, 
and Paris. He was librarian to Henry 
VIII. 

Daniel Defoe, or Foe, the son of a butcher, 
the keeper of a hosier's shop in ComhiU, 
and the author of that glorious romance, 
'^ Robinson Crusoe" — the delight of young 
and old, and a never-fedling source of profit 
to the booksellers — died on the 24th of 
April, 1731. Defoe was the author of various 
other works ; amongst which in particular 



should be mentioned " A Journal of the 
Plague in 1665," purporting to be horn the 
pen of a supposed witness of it. Two or 
three years ago, Mr. Brayley. one of liie 
ablest antiquaries of our own time, pub- 
lished a new edition of this work, with a 
vast mass of curious and valuable informa- 
tion. Numerous have been the imitations 
of " Robinson Crusoe ;"^ but the only writer 
who ever caught the spirit of that noble 
fiction, is Miss Porter, in her exquisitely 
conceived and equally well composed "Ad- 
ventures of Sir EdwutL Seaward," 

On the 3rd of April, 1617, died John 
Napier, laird of Merchiston, in Scotland, 
the inventor of logarithms, and, as a mathe- 
matidan, one of the greatest men of his 
age. Lilly, the astrologer, states that 
Briggs, the famous mathematician, went 
into Scotland on purpose to visit the inven* 
tor of the logarithms; and that, at the 
interview between these great men, each 
was so overcome by the consciousness of 
the other's presence, that neither of them 
could speak for nearly a quarter of an hour ! 
This must be taken, we imagine, cum grano 
salis. For once Napier's powers of calcu- 
lation failed him : he bewildered himself in 
a commentary on the Apocalypse, and pre- 
dicted that the world would last precisely 
ninety years ! He ought to have had an 
opportunity of shaking hands with Burnett 
the geologist. 

John Opie, a jpro^6^^ of Dr. Wolcot, alias 
Peter PindiBu:, and one of the ablest painters 
of his day, died on the 19th of April, 1807, 
His widow, Amelia Opie, the author of 
several attractive literary works, still sur- 
vives, and has become a member of the 
"Society of Friends." Mrs. Opie is the 
daughter of the late Dr. Alderson, a phya- 
cian of eminence in the city of Norwich. 

Thomas Stothard, R. A., who, if he had 
never produced any thing but the " Pilgrim- 
age to Canterbury,*' would have been im- 
mortalised as a painter, died on the S7th 
of April, 1834, at the age of 79. Indepen- 
dently of his larger performances, perhaps 
no artist ever lived who illustrated so many 
works for the booksellers: Shakspeare, 
Milton, Cervantes, Bunyan, Defoe, Bell's 
British Poets, Rogers's Italy, and himdreds 
of others, bear living testimony to his 
genius. In the aggregate, he is thought 
to have produced more than 5000 designs. 
The artistic character of Stothard is dius 
briefly but admirably summed up, in 



POINTS OF THE MONTH. 



^15 



Mannder's valuable little Biographical 
Treasury ; — " So fertile was he in resources, 
that it was a matter of little moment to 
him what the nature of the subject was 
that he might be required to illustrate; 
whether pastoral, historic, humorous, pathe- 
tic, or sublime ; but it is generally allowed, 
that his f^tes ckampHres were among his 
most happy productions ; there — ^beauty, joy, 
serenity, innocence, modesty, and loveliness 
of form are all combined." 

Another great and extraordinary painter, 
who may almost be claimed by Britain as 
one of her own flavoured children, was Henry 
Fuseli, who died on the 16th of April, 18^5. 
Fuseli was a native of Zurich ; was origi- 
nally intended for the church, was an inti- 
mate friend of Lavater's, and became ena- 
moured of literature. The mastery that he 
obtained over the English language was 
astonishing. He translated the tragedy of 
Macbeth into German. It was Fuseli who 
suggested to Alderman Boydell the idea of 
forming his Shakspeare Grallery ; for which 
he painted eight of his best pictures. He 
was bom in 1739, came to England in 1 763, 
and became a Royal Academician in 1 790 ; 
after which he painted a series of forty-seven 
pictures, which were exhibited as the Milton 
Grallery. The splendour and power of his 
imagination were vast. In painting he was 
what may be termed a severe and too palpa- 
ble an anatomist. He piqued himself, more- 
over, on leaving nature behind — " she 
always put him out" — and on being able to 
swear in half-a-dozen dijBTerent languages. 
Amongst the profession, his editioh of Filk- 
ington's Dictionary of Painters is in ^gh 
estimation. When Fuseli, soon after his 
arrival m England, showed some of his 
drawings to Sir Joshua Reynolds, the presi- 
dent exclaimed — " Young man, were I the 
author of those dra^wings, and were offered 
ten thousand a year not to practise as an ar- 
tist, I would jeject the proposal with con- 
tempt.'' Reynolds was right : if genius ever 
existed in man, it existed in Fuseli. It is 
remarkable, ^ that he finished with his left 
hand. We well know an accomplished and 
popular artist of the present day, who can 
draw and paint with both hands at once. 

Joseph Nollekens, the sculptor, a pupil 
of Scheemaker's, died on the 23rd of Apnl, 
1823. He was a great favourite with 
George III. Offensively avaricious, and 
with many peculiarities of character, his 
works were distinguished by a careful and 



accurate imitation of nature. His old and 
attached /nen<^, honest ** Tom Smith," of 
the British Museum, wrote a strange life of 
him; evidently the result of pique at not 
finding himself heir to his wealth. Smith 
appears to have been ill used. 

Three English royal deaths are on record 
in April: Richard I., on the 6th, in 1199 ; 
Edward IV. on the 9th, in 1483 ; and 
Henry VII. on the 22nd, 1509. Devoted 
to the glory of the crusade, Richard Coeur 
de lion was only eight months in his king- 
dom, during a reign of ten years. He was 
killed by an arrow from the castle of Cha- 
lons, and was interred at Fontevraud. There 
is an ancient painting of Edward IV. at Ken- 
sington Palace ; and in painted glass, in a 
north window of Canterbury Cathedral, are 
portraits of Edward IV., his queen, his son, 
Edward V., and Richard, Duke of Glouces- 
ter, afterwards Richard III. 

Let us cross the water for a change. — 
George Louis Le Clerc, Count de Buffon, 
the celebrated French naturalist, died on the 
16th of April, 1788. Jacques Bemardin 
Henri de St. Pierre, his equally celebrated 
countr3nnan, the author of those delightful 
works Etudes de la Nature, Paul et Virginie, 
La Ckaumth'e Indienne, &c., died on the 
29th of the month, in 1743. Splendid 
editions of the two last-mentioned perform- 
ances, illustrated by many hundreds of 
highly finished engravings in wood, have 
lately been published both in this country 
and France. 

Dominique Vivant, Baron de Denori, who 
accompanied Buonaparte m his Egyptian 
expedition, who alternately wielded the pen, 
the pencil, and the sword, and whose " Tra- 
vels in Upper and Lower Egypt," have se- 
cured for him an imperishable fame, died on 
the 28th of April, 1825, at the age of 78. 
Lady Blessington, in her recently-published 
" Idler in Italy," speaking of Denpn, says : 
— <' Delighted with himself, and grateful to 
all who seem to participate in his self-ador- 
ation, he is the most obli^g of all egotists ; 
and, what is rare, the least tiresome, 'UEm- 
pereur et moi ' forms the refrain of most of 
his monologues ; and it is evident that he 
thinks one in no degree inferior to the other." 
Her Ladyship also relates the following very 
pleasant anecdote : — 

'^ He told me that, on one occasion. Napoleon 
wished him to make a sketch of Marie Louise, 
for a statue, which he intended to have executed 
by Canova. She was to be represented as a 



216 



POINTS OF THE MONTH. 



Roman Empress, with flowing drapery, bare 
arms, and a tiara. Denon was in her apartment, 
endeayourine to place her in a graceful posture ; 
to accomplish which he found to be, ii not an 
impossible, at least a difficult task. Napoleon, 
who was present, appeared mortified at the totfd 
want of natural grace of the Empress ; and when 
he next met Denon alone, remarked, that it was 
strange that a person so perfectly well shaped 
should be so remarkably stiff and gauche in all 
her movements. May. not &;race (adds Lady 
Blessington) be considered to be the esprit of the 
bodyr 

Joseph Jerome le Fran9ois de Lalande, 
conBidered to be the most distinquished lu- 
minary of science that France ever produced, 
died on the 7th of April. 1 807, at the age 
of 75. At the time of his death he was a 
member of the French Board of Longitude, 
a member of the Legion of Honour, and an 
associate of all the most learned academies 
of science in Europe. His works upon 
astronomy, &c., amount to more than sixty 
volumes. 

Four hundred and ninety-one years ago, 
on the 6th of the present month, died Laura 
de Noves — Petrarch's Laura — at the age of 
44. Petrarch and Laura ! — ah ! wbat glo- 
rious names of love, and life, and love after 
death are these! It was Francis L, who 
gallantly — poetically, it may be said — com- 
pared a court without ladies to a spring 
without flowers, that caused Laura's tomb 
to be opened, and threw upon her remains 
verses complimentary to her beauty, and to 
tiie fame which she derived from her lover's 
praises. Was Laura worthy of the love — 
the absorbing, life-enduring, death-surviving 
passion of Petrarch ? We doubt it. 

But the world has known other lovers 
besides Petrarch and Laura. Abelard and 
Heloise, immortalised by their fatal passion — 
in their own soul-thrilling letters — in the un- 
dying song of the bard — ^were amongst the 
brightest ornaments of the twelfth century. 
Peter Abelard was bom at the village of 
Palais, near Nantes, in Brittany, in 1079 ; 
his worshipped and worshipping Heloise 
drew her first breath in Paris, in 1101. 
Abelard died in the priory of St. Marcel, 
near Chalons-siur-Saone, on the 21st of 
April, 1142 — survived by his beloved one 
twenty-two years. The remains of Abelard 
were deposited, by Heloise, in the convent 
of the Paraclete, founded by her, and of 
which she was at that time abbess. Her 
ashes were there united in the grave with 
his. In the year 1800, 636 years after the 
interment of Heloise, they were taken to 



the Museum of French Monuments in Paris; 
and on the destruction of the Museum, in 
1817, they, with the ancient monument 
under which they had rested, were removed 
to the cemetry of Pere la Chaise. On visit- 
ing the hallowed spot, a few years ago, our 
invaluable correspondent, L. S. S., wrote 
the following lines, which deserve to be 
immortal as die loves they celebrate : — 

Blessed dead I blessed dead ! — I have seen the 
shrine 
Where your fond hearts rest from their mortal 
woes; 
And a thousand hearts seemed to throb in mine, 
- When I gazed on the scene of your calm 
repose ! 

When mine eyes first beheld the graceful fane 
That uplifts its head where your ashes sleep, 

I said to my soul—" Yet they loved in vain — 
And silently bowed down my head to weep. 

" Notin vain — ^not in vain !" proud Hope rephed; 
" Though their tide of affection had darkly 
run — 
Though they loved to the death — ^when those 
true ones died. 
The life of the Spirit had but began. 

** Not in vain — ^not in vain ! — ^This world's bleak 
chme 
Is no fitting home for love's heaven-bom 
flower ; 
The exotic droops, 'mid the wilds of time. 
To expand its leaves in a brighter hour. 

" Be the fears of thy coward soul at rest! 

The wealth it yet grasps with a miser's care, 
And the treasures that he in earth's deep breast, 

Shall be thine — ^shall be thine, in a day more 
fair. 

" Thine — ^thine shall the hearts be that now are 
cold — 
The hearts that ne'er, living, were cold to 
thee ; — 
Thine, thine, the commerce of minds, that of old 
Met the kindred mind in communion free. 

" Thine, thine too, the love that is beaming 
bright 

In the tender smile — and the brimming eye 
Thou art gazing upon with sad dehght — 

Oh, cheer thee ! the spirit shall never die 1^ 



|W 



We have yet one great name in art to 
mention. Bom at Nuremberg, on the 20th 
of May, 1471, Albert Durer, the celebrated 
engraver in wood, and the father of the (Ger- 
man school of painting, died on the 6th of 
April, 1528. One hundred and four en- 
gravings on copper, six on tin, a great num- 
ber on wood, and six etchings, are yet 
extant by this master. Some years ago Mr. 



ROME IN THE YEAR MDCCCXXXIX. 



^17 



Otdey, in his " Origin and Early Histx>ry of 
Engraving/' published four specimens of the 
works of Durer, from the original blocks : 
The Last Supper, Christ before Pilate, 
Christ taken down from the Cross, and The 
Ascension. Durer was the son of a gold- 
smith, and at a very early age he had made 
great progress in the arts of painting and 
engraving. On visiting Venice, for the 
purpose of obtaining redress for an injury 
which a piratical artist had inflicted upon 
him by forging his well-known stamp, he 
was introduced to Rafiaello; and, in the 
simple fashion of the times, the two friends 
exchanged their portraits. Durer*s paint- 
ings are scarce, and rarely to be met with 
but in the residences of the great and noble. 



Various specimens of his engravings are to 
be found in the British Museum, and in the 
Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge. One 
of Durer*s best pieces in wood is that of St. 
Herbert at the Chase; and the most remark- 
able of his prints is the one entitled Melan- 
choly, which represents that allegorical 
personage as the mother of Invention, Du- 
rer was the author of seven treatises, most 
of them on the metaphysics of art. His 
wife, though a woman of talent, was little 
better them a flend; and, by her infernal 
temper, he was prematurely sent to the 
grave. It would require a volume, with 
numerous illustrations, to convey to the 
reader an adequate idea of the vast genius 
and skill of Albert Durer. 



ROME IN THE YEAR MDCCCXXXIX. 

(FROM THE OLD BOOKSELLER'S SON.) 



Rome, Jan, 18, 1839. 
You ask me for some description of the 
Roman Wonders : the greatest wonder in 
Rome at present is the English multitude, 
which, fills every hole and comer of it that 
can be had " for love or money." Enor- 
mous prices are asked» and given for places, 
that t3ie same people would not be seen 
going into in England. The Italians are 
wonderfully puzzled at this immigration, 
which, however, they ascribe to their *' bel 
cielo," their clear azure sky for weeks toge- 
ther, when all with us, at home, is certainly 
dull enough ; but as Satan is not quite so 
sooty as &ose whom he honours witii a sit« 
ting generally think proper to paint him, so 
our English ** cielo " is far superior to the 
odd notions the Italians have formed of it, 
by reading occasionally some account of a 
November fog, copied from the London 
papers, in the usual strain of — ** yesterday 
evening the fog was so dense, that the mail 
coaches, &c.'' Such I have found, in nine 
cases out of ten, is-the climate they give us 
all the year round; and they imagine that 
we have about the same portion of sun 
that the inhabitants of the polar regions 
are blessed with. 

Geography, too, as regards the bearing 
and extent of coimtries, is a branch of edu- 
cation of which they appear to have no 
knowledge whatever. A Florentine artist, 
finding tiiat I had never heard of certain 



rich individuals, (Irish) said, with surprise, 
" how large then is Ireland !" 

The Russian prince is one of the princi- 
pal lions at present. He has given numerous 
commissions to English, German, and Ita- 
lian artists, Thorwaldsen, had he been 
here, would probably have had a very ex- 
tensive one, if able to undertake it. His 
health, however, is uncertain. This fine 
old man is perfectly adored by the German 
artists, amongst whom he is like a father, 
entering into all their sports and amuse- 
ments with as much relish, as if yet a youth. 
His countenance is particularly pleasing 
and open : eyes, light blue ; nose, rather 
flat ; and cheeks rather high — three peculi- 
arities of the Germans also. His long grey 
hairs float down over his shoulders, and 
he receives his visitors in his private rooms 
on Simday mornings, in a large dressing- 
gown, trimmed vrith furs, his feet wrapped 
in immense list shoes over his ordinary ones, 
to protect him from the cold of the brick- 
floors ; for we have not an atom of carpet 
or rug in the place. His rooms are filled 
with pictures by modem artists, of all coun- 
tries, but principally Germans ; also prints 
— antiquities — his own sketches in clay, &c. 
all pde^m^le together. No German student's 
bedchamber can be more plainly furnished 
than his. A fine drawing by Raflaello, 
hangs at the head of his little iron bed- 
stead, and the walls are covered with pic- 



u 



1 



218 



SONG. 



tures, A withered crown of ivy leaves that 
had been presented to him by the ladies, 
lay on a chair ; and I could not for the life 
of me, refrain from purloining a leaf, as a 
relic, to preserve. 

When I saw Thorwaldsen last, his medi- 
cal attendant had forbidden him to take any 
more commissions, as he said his heart was 
affected; however, he looked ruddy and 
well. T endeavoured to cheer him by saying 
so ; but he shook his head, and replied that 
his doctor had given him little hopes. He 
is now on his way back from Denmark, 
where all the papers have long since given 
an account of the splendid reception he met 
with from the King. All the Gertnan towns 
through which he passes are vieing with 
each other to entertain him. I only hope 
they will not kill him with kindness. He 
is my near neighbour and Mend, and I 
hope to see him again before I leave Rome 
for Venice. Although there are so many of 
the nobility here, few or no commissions 
have as yet been given. Gibson is to exe- 
cute another statue of Huskisson, for the 
Exchange at Liverpool. He is^^a fine gene- 
rous character, much to be respected. He 
took the Duke of Devonshire to Hogan's 
studio a few days ago, and spoke of him in 
the most handsome manner ; or, as Hogan 
expressed it, " said so much that he was 
quite ashamed." The modest retiring 
manners of the latter, however, have in fact 
prevented his experiencing the same good 
fortune as others much less deserving. He 



has just finished an admirable bust of 
** Father Prout," which is much admired. 
His monument of Bishop Doyle is advanc- 
ing rapidly, and will do him much credit. 
The Bishop is in a supplicating attitude, one 
hand raised to heaven, the other resting 
on a personification of Ireland, kneeling by 
his side. 

Hogan, like most others, who have been 
any time in this glorious city, is so much 
attached to it, that he will probably never 
reside elsewhere. Several artists have been 
here nearly twenty years, without revisiting 
England once during that time. It is in 
fact a place above all others in the world for 
them. A short walk gives them all the ma- 
terials, whether in art or in nature, that 
any branch of painting can require. libra- 
ries. Museums, and Academies are freely 
opened to their use ; and their living models 
are considered the finest in the world. The 
climate of Rome is also peculiarly adapted 
to their sedentary occupation, whether in- 
doors or out ; and its clear sky gives them 
always the bright light they require. Al- 
togetiier it is a country that every person 
who has a spark of feeling makes a resolu- 
tion, on leaving it, to return to at some 
period of his life if possible. I even heard 
of an instance of an old gentleman in the 
West Indies, nearly seventy years of age, 
who affirmed that he should be most un- 
happy, if he thought he should die without 
seeing Italy once more. — Adibu ! 



SONG. 



One day the goddesses three. 

Names well that both I and you know. 

Sat under a heavenly tree, 

Venus — Minerva — and Juno ! 

And they quaffed the ruby wine. 

Pressed from wild Bacchus's bushes, 

Till their eyes began to shine. 

And their cheeks were red as blushes. 

When fair Juno, half-seas over. 
To Venus essayed to stutter : 
" Let's each cLrink," she cried, " a lover 
" Whilst we have the power to utter — 
" To the plume of Mars we quaff!" 
" Mars dost thou say?" says Venus ; 
" Madam, you're too good by half — 
" Not that there's aught between us." 



te 



te 



Then she raised the sparkling brim. 
To the font of smiles, and sighing, 
** Here's to — ^you know well — him/ — 
" By Mars, but Wisdom's fljring !" 
" Minerva !" they both exclaim ; 

Minerva !" reeling they shout her ; 

Let her go, the sulky dame ! 
** We can do better without her." 

So they laughed and quaffed and sung. 
And toasted a thousand Heroes ; 
Till the heavenly welkin rung. 
With their wild — " dum tpiro-sperosj 
But Wisdom ! — she flew away. 
Overwhelmed and melancholy ; 
And ever since that sad day. 
Love has been married to Folly ! 



5> 



Moral. 



My readers, all the moral of this song. 

Though very sober is not very long ; 

'Tis simply this — I learnt it when at Scarborough — 

Love Uves with Folly, for she Uves with H ^h. 



H. C. D. 



HISTORIC ROMANCES. 



MRS. BRAY'S "TRIALS OF THE HEART."* 



If ever woman deserved well of her country 
— of her contemporaries and of posterity — 
for the genuine excellence of her writings, 
Mrs. Bray is nobly entitled to high and 
honourable record in the temple of* fame. 
If an author may be judged by his, or her 
works (and the affirmative is an article of 
our creed) Mrs. Bray must be one of the 
best, the most amiable, the kindest-hearted, 
the purest-minded, the most benevolent 
women in existence. 

One of the best proofs that can be ad- 
duced of the general merit of Mrs. Bray*s his- 
toric romances, is the lively and extensive 
interest which they have excited upon the 
Continent as well as at home. In France, 
they are both pirated land translated on the 
instant of their arrival ; in Grermany, there 
are at this time two, if not three, distinct 
editions of the entire series — upwards of 
twenty volumes — ; and in the title-page of 
one of these editions the author is designated 
the " Female Walter Scott !" It may be 
mentioned, too, in further proof of the ce- 
lebrity which they have acquired, that seve- 
ral successful dramatic pieces have been 
constructed from them in various parts of 
the Continent. 

The present may justly be termed the 
Augustsm Age of female authorship. Nu- 
merous and brilliant, however, as is the list 
of female contemporary writers, there are 
but few who may compete with Mrs. Bray, 
in variety of reading, in depth of research, 
in comprehensiveness of mind, in dramatic 
power, in rich and expansive glow of imagi- 
nation. The artist-like eye with which she 
contemplates all that is beautiful, grand, 
sublime, in nature or in art, is equalled 
only by the graphic skill she displays in pic- 
turing to the reader's mind all that may 
have interested her own. 

Sir Walter Scott has been unjustly re- 
garded as the originator of historic romance 
in this country. He is not entitled to this 
praise. To say nothing of Miss Lee's 

* Trials of the Heart. By Mrs. Bray, author 
of " Trelawny," " The Borders of the Tamar 
andTavy," "TheTalba," " The White Hoods," 
" Warleigh," &c. 3 Vols. Longman and Co. 
1839. 



splendid romance of The Recess, very faulty 
yet very beautiful, that noble and magnifi- 
cent epic poem in prose. The Scottish Chiefs, 
by Miss Porter, was in the zenith of an un- 
dyiag fame long before the appearance of 
Waverley. But there was no mystification 
about Miss Porter, or about her works. 
She stood boldly and honestly forward : no 
mystification was resorted to, for the pur- 
pose of stimulating a morbid appetite, and 
bolstering up the credit of her writings : her 
productions were not paraded as those of a 
** Grreat Unknown," whom everybody knew, 
or affected to know : Miss Porter never de- 
scended to the moral baseness of denying 
the authorship of her works. On the other 
hand, with reference to the Waverley No- 
vels, every mean art of the most trickish 
puffery and mystification was resorted to- 
direct and unqualified falsehoods were pro- 
nounced by the last man in the world who 
ought to have pronounced them ; and, for 
what ? Why, as we have said, to stimulate 
a morbid appetite, and thereby to enhance 
the temporary fame of an author, and, above 
all, to put money in his purse I One of the 
consequences of this was, that Scott bore 
away the credit of beings what he was not — 
the originator of English historic romance. 

Now, without intending to institute a com- 
parison between Mrs. Bray and Sir Walter 
Scott, it may not be altogether irrelevant to 
remark, that the former possesses many dis- 
tinctive qualities (mystification not included) 
in common with the latter. For instance : 
extensive historical reading — a deep love of 
antiquarian and legendary love — an almost 
devotional leaning towards ancient super- 
stitions — eminent descriptive powers, at all 
times evincing a most accurate knowledge 
of the locale — ^much skill in the delineation 
of characters — a strong feeling for the pic- 
turesque, and also for the dramatic. Nor 
are these the sole recommendations of Mrs. 
Bray's writings. Her plots are generally 
well and effectively constructed, invariably 
keeping the reader in a state of interesting 
doubt and excitement respecting the catas- 
trophe. Above all, she is the most inde- 
fatigable but unobtrusive inculcator of the 
purest morality, of the most genuine piety. 



220 



HISTORIC ROMANCES. 



of the simplest and holiest religion, untainted 
by the faintest indication of sectarianism or 
cant. 

In noticing a former production of this 
lady's, in another periodical, we took occa- 
sion to remark, that " the page of romance 
ought to be the page of truth, equally with 
that of history. Historical fact, correctness 
of costume, vraisemblance of manners, should 
never be violated. A perfect romance would 
be a perfect transcript of nature, animate or 
inanimate* in all its forms and variations. 
Whenever real characters may be introduced, 
in a work of fiction, historic fact should con- 
stitute the frame- work — ^the grand outline 
from which not the slightest deviation should 
be tolerated. We do not mean by this dic- 
tum that the genius of the writer should be 
cramped, or condemned to the recapitulation 
of dry detail. Heaven knows, there is some- 
what too much of this even in what is deno- 
minated history itself. All that we wish to 
insist upon is, that. real personages should 
not be made to say or do what they not only 
did not say or do, but what it was impossible 
they should ever have said or done. By the 
practice of which, by implication, we complain 
— ^a practice of error from which Sir Walter 
Scott himself was not free — the reader is 
ridiculously mystified, and induced to receive 
for truth, that which is neither more nor less 
than direct falsehood. Talking fact for the 
basis of romance, and respecting it equally 
as the outline of his superstructure, the ar- 
chitect has ample scope for the exercise of 
his inventive powers. All that is required is, 
that his incidents and characters be preserved 
in keeping — ^that nothing may be presented 
but what might have actually taken place, 
or what, for aught that we know to the con- 
trary, actually didttake place. If this rule 
be adhered to, the reader can never be mis- 
led, or induced to entertain erroneous views 
of facts, persons, or manners. Thus it is 
evident that no one can be qualified to 
set up for a romance writer, unless he bring 
to the task a discriminative mind, richly 
stored with reading and observation." 

These remarks were induced by a full re- 
collection of the merits of the whole of Mrs. 
Bray's works; and we can safely afiirm, 
that we are unacquainted with any other 
writings that present so frdl an exemplifica- 
tion — so complete a realization— of our own 
notions on the subject. 

Allusive to the title of the volumes before 
us Mrs. Bray remarks, in her preface, that-r- 



" Some few of her personal finends, whose 
tried affection has stood the test of years of 
weal and woe, who have known her intimately 
from eariy youth, and who are well acquainted 
with many of the severe trials and cuamities 
with which it pleased Almighty God to viat 
her, at various periods of her life, will be at no 
loss to guess whence she has derived her expe- 
rience of the sufferings of the heart — of a 
heart that feels acutely all those ills that ' the 
flesh is heir to' — conueeted in divers ways 
with the deepest affections, and the dearest and 
most sacred ties, of our nature. And it has 
also so chanced that, in her progress through 
life, an intimate and affectionate iotercourfite 
with some of those very friends has been die 
means of affording her opportunities of expe- 
rience, respecting the trials of the heart ip 
others, which, though widely differing in cir- 
cumstances, have, in some mstances, been no 
less severe than her own. 

" Friends, to whom these things are known, 
will feel that the writer has had for many years 
that book of nature spread before her, which 
is never studied without profit when the over- 
ruling providence of God is ever borne in mind 
as the comment and the key." 

Also: — 

" Many characters in these and in her form^ 
writings (though introduced under fictitious 
names and events) have had hving models, 
from which she has painted with freedom, but 
still, she trusts, without any unworthy or un- 
generous motives." 

Unlike her former publications, these 
volumes do not consist of one continuous 
narrative. On the contrary, they embrace 
five distinct tales : The Prediction, The Or- 
phans of La Vendue, The Little Doctor, Vi- 
cissitudes, and The Adopted. Of these. The 
Orphans of La Vend^, and The Adopted, 
are strictly of the character of historic ro- 
mance ; The Prediction, The Little Doctor, 
and Vicissitudes, are more immediately as- 
sociated with our feelings of domestic life. 

The Prediction is a fearful story, written 
with great beauty and power, in illustration 
of a sentiment thus expressed : — 

" What an anxiety do we witness in some 
minds respecting futurity ! with those who have 
quick susceptibiUties, a melancholy feeling of 
heart (which, more or less, ever accompanies 
the susceptible), high aims and generous mo- 
tives, with whom the world is new ; how mor- 
bidly painful does the obscurity of the future 
often appear to such; how eager are they to 
penetrate into the mysteries of human life, to 
withdraw the veil, and to refer all things to des- 
tiny. They are glad to be rid of their own re- 
sponsibility ; and to fancy such events must 
happen, such circumstances must lead to them, 
because a conviction of this nature enables 



HISTORIC ROMANCES. 



291 



them to meet more calmly l^e evils they cannot 
but feel — evils too often the result of their own 
ungovemed imaginations and imprudent hopes^ 
that end in disappointments felt with douhle 
bitterness, because they arise from objects that 
ought never to have been pursued. Minds so 
constituted, when encountering misfortunes of 
such a nature, are apt to seek relief by casting 
their cares on the delusive creed of fatality.'* 

The interest of the tale arises out of a 
** prediction.*' by an astrologer, who was 
ssdd to have told the fortunes of the Prince 
of Wales (George IV.) when a very young 
man, that, " when a funeral bell rung at a 
bridal, Charles should have cause to sorrow; " 
and that " he was to suffer by water the 
last evil of man." In the composition, there 
is just enough of a leaning towards the side 
of superstition to excite an intense interest 
in the mind of the reader. Charles Edwards 
loves, and is beloved by, a most excellent 
and accomplished woman ; but insuperable 
obstacles preclude the possibility of their 
union. By the accidental circumstance of 
an idiot boy gaining access to the belfry, at 
the time of the bridal of his beloved, the 
funeral bell is rung. The most disastrous 
events ensue; and here is the final catas- 
trophe ; — 

" *I shall perish/ he replied firmly; ' it is 
PATED :' and, saying this, he let go my hand, 
leaped into the boat, and, in another minute, 
that slight and fragile thing was cleaving her 
way over the angry and agitated waters. The 
moon was up, but not now did she float through 
the azure sl^ in that serene majesty, 

' When oat of sight the clouds are driven, 

And she is left alone in heaven ; 

Or, like a ship, some gentle day 

In sunshine, sailing far away — 

A glittering ship, that hath the plain 

Of Ocean for her own domain.' 

No : the moon seemed only to look forth through 
the dim, heavy, sulphurous clouds that floated 
near her, round her, athwart her, to send an 
occasional gleam that made but too distinct the 
roanng Severn, covered and quivering with 
foam, as every wild wave came rushing in, as 
if chased by the Furies, who, on this night, had 
lent their unmiti^ble rage to the winds, the 
waves, and the tides, in that forlorn hour, for 
the ruin of that forlorn bark. Heavy clouds 
were in the distance; they seemed to fall, to 
rest upon the hills, and to look on the dreary 
waters, whilst they bore along their prey as 
nwumers, who, in fixed silence and in gloom, 
watch the progress of some stem decree of fiite, 
whose end is death. Suddenly the air became 
more dense, and a distant peal of thunder rolled 
away among the mountains of Wales, as one 
brief bright flash shot from east to west, and 
gave once more to my sight the little bark, dis- 



tinct in its outline, and surrounded by the dis- 
turbed, the all-devouring waves. How shall I 
speak the sickening of my soul ; the sense of 
horror that thrilled through every vein, when I 
beheld that bark, so firaS, so small, so ill-go- 
verned by the hand of a boy, reeling in the 
midst of the eddies, and driving on towards the 
sunken rocks ; the boat, too, overbalanced by an 
outspread and straining sail! ' Great God I be 
merci^,' I exclaimed, ' or he is lost !* A dread- 
ful conviction of impending evil seized on my 
mind ; my head grew dizzy, my trembling Umbs 
almost refused me their support, and my eyes 
closed, as if to shut out the tearful spectacle that 
in another moment would meet their asonized 
gaze. I could not, dared not look up ; I could 
only fervently and mentally ejaculate a few bro- 
ken sentences, implorii^ the merey of Him who 
can calm the ragmg of the tempestuous waters, 
or the storm of human passions, by his will, by 
his word ! How deeply, how fervently, did I 
offer up that agitated petition — ^that Heaven 
would spare! But the winds were pitiless, — 
the waves were wild, — ^they did their worik ; for 
God, whose will is higher than that of man, in- 
scrutable as the mysteries of his creation ; He 
was deaf to the ciy of nature, to the voice of 
prayer, in that awful, that fatal hour. ' Lost, 
lost; struck on the rocks,— down, — sunk — Good 
God ! the poor boy's mother !' These were cries 
which, in hurried and strange accents of affiright, 
met my ear on every side, as I stood watching 
on the shore. Such cries, indeed, first an- 
nounced to me that all was over, that all earthly 
hopes of aid were alike vain. The boat, my 
unnappy friend, and the presumptuous boy who 
had imdertaken its guidance in such peril, had 
found one and the same grave.'' 

The story of The Orphans of La Vendee 
is altogether of a different class ; as we have 
said, strictly historic in character. The he- 
roine, Jeanne Lobin (sister of Pierre, the 
hero), inspired by the charactet of Joan of 
Arc, becomes, under the most agonizing cir- 
cumstances, another Joan of Arc herself. 
Some idea of Mrs. Bray's artist-like feeling, 
and power of description, may be conceived 
from the following scene — a scene such as 
Claude might have been proud to have 
painted : — 

'^ The scene was one such as I shall never 
forget : it was aa an evening in the month of 
September ; the day had been sultry and op- 
pressive, but as it dechned,a gentle breeze arose 
from the water, that was very refreshing : the 
sun was going down in the west with indescrib- 
able glory : a few clouds were in the azure dome, 
they seemed to advance, and finally to fidl 
around the lord of light, as if to environ him 
in a re^ shroud of purple fringed with gold. 
The Loure, which was here broad and expansive, 
was not in the least ruffled by the evenmg air : 
near the banks, the rising tide sent a few slow 



Wi 



HISTORIC ROMANCES. 



and lapping waves to the shore, that scarcely 
disturbed by their motion the prOHfound stillness 
which hmur around : there was one bright flow- 
ing Une of light upon the surfiice, where it re- 
flected the setting sun ; for the rest, the river 
lay clear and cold, gliding on through the val- 
ley, that was bounded on either side by a chain 
of low and picturesque hills, now of one deep 
and uniform purple ; they seemed to look down, 
as if watching in silence the river that brought 
them health and fertility in its course. A ruined 
convent, ivy-grown and melancholy, stood a 
little above on the opposite shore: no vesper 
hymn now came floatmg over the tide, — that 
had long been silenced, when the poor inmates 
of that dwelling of peace and of devotion had 
been driven out by the sounds of war, as the 
ringine of the tocsin came far and wide to call 
the bold peasantry to arms. A village and the 
village church, seen beyond the convent, were 
in one glow of red, almost, as if on fire, from 
the ardent reflection of the sun. Some boats 
were gliding down the Loire with people in 
them, carrymg vegetables and fruits to a dis- 
tant market : every stroke of the oar could be 
distinctly heard ; so great was the stillness, and 
so slight the breeze, that the boatmen assisted 
the sails of their little vessels with rowing them 
alonff . One of the men was singing an air — 
an air I had often heard whilst in this country : 
the melody was very simple, but full of energy : 
no wonder it was so, for it was Yendean." 

The interview between Jeanne Lobin and 
the cur^ of her parish, previously to her 
joining the royal army, to which her brother 
had devoted himself, and the signal ven- 
geance she inflicts upon Varras, the repub- 
lican destroyer of her brother, are scenes of 
extraordinary power, and soul-thrilling ef- 
feet. Indeed, the entire fable is wrought up 
with classical severity, and the utmost in- 
tensity of feeling. Within our narrow 
limits, however, it is impossible to extract a 
passage that would not lose infinitely by the 
transfer. 

The Little Doctor is a story of every-day 
life, involving much tender and gentle pa- 
thos in its details. In Vicissitudes, a tale 
abounding in varied and extraordinary inci- 
dent, we find a gypsy sketch —a fortune- 
telling anecdote — altogether as unaccount- 
able in its nature, and as remarkable in its 
consummation, as the '* prediction " previ- 
ously noticed. Illustrations and descriptions 
of the manners and costume of the inhabit- 
ants of Sweden, in the reign of Gustavus III. 
(assassinated by Ankerstrom) are here very 
felicitously introduced. On these, however, 
neither time nor space will permit us to 
dwell. 

The Adopted, the fifth and last tale of the 



series, may be regarded ad forming a grand 
climax. Tlie scene is chiefly laid in Brittany, 
in the early period of the French revolution. 
The notorious Mirabeau is exhibited, though 
only upon one occasion, with much dramatic 
and characteristic force. The scenery of 
Brittany, and the character, costume, man- 
ners, superstitions, &c. of its inhabitants, 
are pourtrayed with an accuracy and skill 
which, superadded to the finest judgment 
and discrunination, evince a consummate 
knowledge of history, of the appalling events 
of the period, and of every minute locality 
in point. 

Pressed as we are for room, we yet fed it 
impossible to resist the temptation of detach- 
ing the following just tribute to the character 
of woman ; more especially as it may serve 
as one example, from a thousand that mig^t 
be selected from Mrs. Bray's writings, of the 
justness of her thinking. 

'' A woman's heart was made as a storehouie 
of the aflections. Take from her these, or fimcy 
that the almighty Creator of all thin^ dewgnisd 
her to be the equal of man in her intellectaal 
powers, or to be what he is in a public career, 
m one of government or rule, and you would 
change her very nature. You would counteract 
the very designs of God himself. He has said 
woman was made for man. Home is her sphere; 
the affections her highest and noblest distinc- 
tion, and in them alone is she the superior of 
man ; for in them is she more tender, more de- 
voted/ more spiritual than himself. 

'^ And how wise is that ordinance of God, that 
whilst man is called on to fulfil the most arduoos 
and laborious duties both of body and of mind, 
allots to him a fellow-being, of a gentler natoie 
than his own, to soothe his cares, to watch over 
his infant years, to glad his home, and to opea 
to all who may need its consolation, a heart 
whence springs, at the call of misery, like the 
waters from the living rock, a fount of puie 
and renovating affections. That enduring con- 
stancy of attachment which is not to be snakes 
by chanse, not even to be eradicated by injuiy> 
is found alone in woman : she pities and for 
gives ; for in a truly amiable woman there is 
something of heaven — ^to say so is no fable. 
The utterance of the heart is all her actions : 
she does not wait the slower dictates of the 
judgment ; for, as the poet sings — 

' And following promptly what the heart thinks 
best, 

Commits to Providence the rest ; 

Sure that no after -reckoning will arise 

Of shame or sorrow, for the heart is wise.'* 

SOUTBEV. 

" The heart of woman delights in the finer 
and the more minute shades of sympathy; — 
that heart yearns for an object of affection at 
every period of its being. So little is there of 



HISTORIC ROMANCES. 



223 



aelfishneas in wonum^ that her own happiness 
is often sought by the happiness of another, in 
which she can take no port, excepting by the 
tenderness of her character, that places her in 
that other's pkce, and makes her feel what he 
feek, by the finest emotions of a generous and 
unerring sympathy/' 

There is such oneness in the story of 
" The Adopted " that we find extreme diflGi- 
culty in transferring to our pages a single 
passage, sufiiciently isolated in its character, 
to convey to the reader even a tolerably just 
idea of the writer's power. We make an 
experiment, though, we are conscious, 
without success. 

** It was Mirabeau who now led forth Philippe 
to enter on that career which he Imd already 
dialked out for him. They were joined by the 
Count de Josselin, and made their way, with all 
haste, to the hall of the commons, the place 
usually occupied by the three estates of France. 
The workmen were busied in preparing the ar- 
rangements necessary for the king and court at 
the purposed royal sitting. The members of 
the national assembly, who had already refused 
to listen to the king's command to suspend 
their meeting, were now pressing on, headed by 
BaiUi, their president, to take their seats. They 
were repulsed from the doors of the common 
hall, by an armed guard of some strength. 

^ In this state of exasperated feeling, they 
rushed, with one accord, to a common tennis- 
court, hard by, there to debate ''on matters 
deep and dangerous." But scarcely had they 
assembled, when a storm of thunder and hght- 
ning poured down upon them with terrific vio- 
lence. It was an awful hour. The clouds that 
had been gathering throughout a still and sul- 
tiy day, now himg black and motionless over 
Puis. It seemed as if the evil genius of that 
devoted city had reserved, for the day of this 
tumultuous assembly of the national represent- 
atives and their partizans, in direct opposition 
to the will of the sovereign prince, the first in- 
dication he chose to make manifest of that 
''moral tempest," so soon destined to shake 
tiie whole kingdom of France, and to overthrow 
both the throne and the church in its career. 

" As the members assembled, their wild en- 
thusiastic demeanour, and the ferocious coun- 
tenances of many among them, seemed even yet 
more terrific by the shadow and the gloom that 
fen upon them by the darkness of the hour. 
There was, also, that density of atmosphere 
which makes men breathe with difiSculty, as if 
a weight oppressed their bosoms : a density 
arising from the electric fiuid in the air that 
affects the nerves both of animals and men. 

" Bailli filled a chair hastily snatched up, 
and placed at the head of the tennis-court for 
the president. Seats there were none for the. 



members, except an old bendi or two that 
would not hold a third part of their number. 
Mirabeau, the most eloquent, and neither less 
ferocious nor daring than auy of the spirits of 
the time, rushed forward, and placed himself 
near Bailli. He was eager to speak, but gave 
way to the president ; and, as BaiUi arose to 
open the meeting, the first forked flash darted 
from the blackened clouds, and for a moment 
compelled the leader to place his hand before 
his eyes ; so bright, almost so blinding, was its 
effects. A peal of thunder, that burst imme- 
diately above their heads, followed ; and then, 
by the sudden opposition of darkness to light, 
the dav appeared to be momentarily extin- 
guished^ as if there had been a total eclipse of 
uie sun. The heavens now poured down tor- 
rents of rain, which the earth seemed to drink 
up with greediness ; and the steeples rocked, 
and the towers shook, of many an ancient 
church and convent in Paris, as if trembling 
for the ravages of the storm. 

" It was in the midst of these terrors of hea- 
ven and earth, of God and man, that the infu- 
riated assembly took that impassioned oath, 
never to break up their sittings till the consti- 
tution of their country should be based on the 
solid rock of freedom for all France. Scarcely 
had the oath passed their lips, when the thun- 
der and the lightning opened on them with re- 
newed and reiterated terrors, and the rain and 
hail poured down in such torrents as compelled 
them to retire ; yet they did not disperse tiU 
Mirabeau and the Count de Josselin (who had 
both been in league to gain over many of the 
miUtaiy to the popular Siction) presented Phi- 
lippe to the most determined of the assembly, 
as a young Frenchman in whom they woiud 
find a spint devoted to liberty, and whose reso- 
lution would never fail in that cause, even if 
required to meet death in all its terrors of the 
prison or the field." 

And Philippe Clairval, and his hapless 
mother, did meet death in all its terrors, by 
the guillotine. The prison scene previously 
to the execution, and the execution itself, 
when the mother and son, and the abbess of 
Ploermel and her nuns, and hundreds of 
other innocent individuals, were remorse- 
lessly slaughtered on the scaffold at Nantes, 
during the bloody reign of Carrier, present 
instances of such powerful painting by the 
pen, as it would be difiicult, if not impossible, 
to surpass. 

We console ourselves for the want of far- 
ther means to illustrate these attractive 
volumes, by the satisfJEU^tory certainty that 
they must soon be in the course of general 
perusal. 



INAUGURATION OF THE STATUE OF GUTTENBERG. 

FROM THE NOTES OF A TRAVELLER OF RANK.* 



Mayence, August 14, 1837. 
I was present at the ceremony of in- 
auguration of the statue of GKittenberg, a 
native of Mayence, the inventor of the let- 
ter-press, from which he produced the first 
printed Bible. The statue is colossal — of 
bronze, and just arriyed from Berlin, where 
it was produced. This will remain a monu- 
ment to the memory of the worthy Ghitten- 
berg, who died 300 years ago. In early 
life he was an apprenticed workman in 
the then art of printing when his genius 
suggested a power to facilitate the mode. 
He was discouraged, and was perse- 
cuted, suffered poverty and neglect, till 
a few enlightened burghers of the town 
encouraged him to persevere, when, as the 
first effort of completion in the success of 
his undertaking, he produced the first 
printed Bible, and thus changed darkness 
into light ; and the religion of Christ shone 
forth in the first printed Psalm. Gutten- 
berg became courted-r-became rich — and 
soon was master of a pretty house, " the 
Casino ;" where in the small garden at- 
tached to it, is now seen a statue in marble 
of him. Deputies from the many cities of 
Europe arrived to assist at the ceremony of 
this inauguration ; and the painted banners 
and arms of these, supported on poles, 
formed the outward circle of the arena, 
where the deputies and company were to 
sit. In the centre was a seat for the then 
Governor of Mayence, the Hereditary Prince 

* This interesting little narrative is by a lady 
of taste and feeling — aa honour to her sex, aad 
to her country, wherever she travels — but who 
has never yet allowed her name to appear in the 
arena of public authorship. By her kind per- 
mission^ it appears as a private obUgation to our 
pages. — Editor of Thb Alpine Magazine. 



of Prussia ; and in front of the statue was a 
raised pulpit, from which one of the learned 
of the students delivered an oration in Ger- 
man. At the close of this, the awning 
which hitherto had covered the statue, 
fell, and then sounded all the cannon of 
the town — the firing of guns, and continued 
peals of cheering applause. Gruttenbergjs 
represented in his age — a round dose dip 
on his head, a full gown falling well from 
his shoulders, a printing tablet in one hsnd, 
and a Bible imder his left aim. The or- 
chestra of 800 musicians sang a hyma to 
the Virgin, and fine music succeeded — then 
a second oration to introduce the printing- 
presses in front of the statue, which were put 
into operation, and whilst they took of 
1000 impressions of our national air — God 
save the King ! was sung not only by the 
700 voices, which formed a part of the or- 
chestra; but by all the persons — at least 
20,000 — present. The printed papers were 
distributed generally, and when one of these 
was in the hands of the Duke of Cambridge, 
who was in the balcony opposite with the 
Electorate of Hesse Darmstadt, Prince and 
Princess of Prussia, Grand Duke of Nassau, 
&c., it was easy to perceive our affectionate 
Prince overcome with the thought of that be- 
ing the first time of hearing it since he lost 
his brother William IV. Cannon firing, 
and general rejoicing concluded the cere- 
mony. The conscious feeling of the inha- 
bitants of Mayence, that they had done 
their duty to the memory of the man, whose 
genius had contemplated, and brought to 
bear, a power which would, under the 
blessing of God, contribute to enlighten 
and difi^se the blessings of Christianity to 
the world. 



LINES TO 



O fair as fond, and fond as fair. 
Gentle as true, and true as tender. 
Though l^mid as a fawn or hare. 
Thou art adored, a stem heart-render. 

O true as good, and good as just. 
And just as merciful and human, 
Fool that I was in thee to trust. 
For after aU thy name is — Woman ! 



Modest as mild, and mild as bright. 
And bright as blest by God and nature. 
Thine eye, a little orb of light. 
Sheds sunshine o'er each placid feature. 



H. C. D. 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



tiicheiieu ; or, the Conspiracy : a Play, in Five 
Acts, To which are added, Historical Odes on 
The Last Days of ^ Elizabeth; Cromwell's 
Dream ; The Death of Nelson. By the Au- 
ihoT of "The Lady of Lyons," "Eugene 
Aram/' &c. Fourth Edition. Saunders and 
Otley. 

Sir Edward Lytton Bulwer's play, en- 
titled Richelieu, or the Conspiracy, was per- 
fonned» for the first time, at Covent Garaen 
Theatre, on the 7th of March, with unqualified 
success ; Macready, the manager, sustaining the 
character of "Richelieu in a style of excellence 
unsurpassed, if equalled, since the days of John 
Kemble, in Cardinal Wolsey, Richelieu is not 
a tragec^ — ^it is a mixed drama — a piece of that 
description generally termed " a play." Shaks- 
peare delighted in productions of this class; 
and many of the most successful efforts of mo- 
dem dramatists — George Colman the younger, 
&c., have been ''plays. Some of our contempo- 
raries, more squeamish than wise, have protest- 
ed against the mixed drama; not conceiving it 
possible that smiles and tears can occur in the 
tame scene, or that tragedy and farce ever jostle 
each other in real life. We happen to think 
differenliy ; ergo, we firequently prefer the natu- 
ralness of a play to the dim, heavy, formal march 
of traffedy, with all its murder, and grandeur, 
and gloom. Our author observes that — 

" The administiration of Cardinal Richelieu, 
whom (despite all his darker qualities) Voltaire 
and history justly consider the true architect of 
the French monarchy, and the great parent of 
French civilisation, is characterised by features 
alike tragic and comic. A weak king — an 
ambitious favourite; a despicable conspiracy 
against the minister, nearly always associated 
with a dangerous treason against the State — 
these, with Httle variety of names and dates, 
constitute the eventful cycle through which, 
with a dazzling ease and an arrogant confidence, 
the great lummary fulfilled its destinies. Blent 
together, in startlmg contrast, we see the grand- 
est adiievements and the pettiest agents; the 
spy — ^the mistress — the capuchin ; the destruc- 
tion of feudalism; the humiliation of Austria; 
the dismemberment of Spain." 

Sir Edward Bulwer appears to have written 
the play of " Richelieu" chiefly for the purpose 
of exhibiting his osm. fancy portrait of the hero. 
We term it difanty portrait, because his Riche- 
lieu vi not the Richelieu of history. He has 
laboured exceedingly to render him amiable; 
yet he has failed to enlist our sympathies deeply 
m his &vour. In fact, the one great defect of 
this drama is, the almost total absence which it 
betrays of genuine pathos. It is true, there is 



a pretty little love story mixed up with the plot^ 
but it wants force — ^intenseness — ^powcr. On 
the whole, the character of Richelieu, though 
not a truthful portrait, is in fair Iceeping ; that of 
the vain, artful, wicked, and ultimately defeated 
Baradas (admirably played by Warde) is a fine 
sketch; and of the Chevalier de Mauprat, the 
lover and husband of Julie, the ward of Riche- 
lieu — and of most of the other persons of the 
drama — ^it may be said that they are well indi- 
vidualised. 

As a reading play, Richelieu is very tolerable; 
as an acting play, it is excellent ; but^ in a hte- 
raiy point of view, it will not eventually heighten 
the reputation of its author. From the length 
of the piece, however, many of the finest poeti- 
cal passages — passages eminently tending to the 
illustration of character — are necessarily omit- 
ted. Abounding in bustle, and incident, and 
striking melo-diamatic " situation" — heightened 
by all the beauty, splendour, and richness of 
costume, scenery, and decoration, that taste, 
judgment, and skill could devise and execute — 
exquisitely performed in its chief characters, and 
well played throughout — " Richelieu" was de- 
servedly received with all the enthusiastic ap- 
plause that the anxious ears of the most san- 
guine author in existence could desire. To 
Sf acready, it cannot fail of producing what he 
has most nobly earned — a magnificent reward, 
in both fame and profit. From the inmost 
depth of our hearts and souls we rejoice in 
Macready's success as a manager. Since the 
days of Jotin Kemble, Macready is the only 
manager who has achieved aught in support of 
the legitimate drama — ^in restoring the character 
of the stage ; his is the only national theatre 
that has not been degraded into a " Bartlemy 
Fair" booth — desecrated into a den of wild 
beasts. Falmam qui meruit Jerat, 

We feel it no part of our duty to sketch the 
plot of " Richelieu," which is somewhat intri- 
cate and complicated; but shall submit to the 
reader's perusal a few isolated passages. 

The lago-tike wickedness of iSiradas, the 
treasonous favourite of the king — ^the rival of 
De Mauprat — ^the determined enemy of Riche- 
lieu — is here forcibly expressed, on the retreat 
of De Mauprat : — 

" Farewell ! — I trust for ever ! I design'd thee 
For Richelieu's murderer but, as well his 

martyr! 
In childhood you the stronger — and I cursed 

you I 
In youth the fairel^-^and I cursed you still ; 
And now my rival ! — ^While the name of Julie 
Hung on thy Ups — I smiled — for then I saw. 
In my mind's eye, the cold and grinning death 
Hang o'er thy head the pall ! Aihbition, love, 

X 



226 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



Ye twin-bom stars of daring destinies, 
Sit in my house of life ! By the King's aid 
I will he Julie's husband, in despite 
Of my Lord Cardinal. By the King's aid 
I will be Minister of France, in spite 
Of my Lord Cardinal ; and then — ^what then ? 
The King loves Julie — ^feeble Prince — ^false 
master — 
{Producing and gazing on the parchment,) 
Then, by the aid of Bouillon, and the Spaniard, 
I will dethrone the King ; and all — ha ! — ha ! — 
All in despite of my Lord Cardinal. 



99 



Richelieu's reproof of De Mauprafs dissipa- 
pation, &c., is highly dramatic : — 

" Richelieu. I might, like you. 

Have been a brawler and a reveller ; — ^not. 
Like you, a trickster and a thief. 

De Mauprat {advacing threateningly). Lord 
Cardinal ! 
Unsav those words ! 

( Huguet deliberately raises the carbine,) 

Richelieu (waving his hand). Not quite so 
quick, friend Huguet ; 
Messire de Mauprat is a patient man. 
And he can wait ! — 

You have outrun your fortune ! — 
I blame you not, that you would be a beggar — 
Each to his taste ! But I do charge you. Sir, 
That, being beggar'd, you would coin false 

monies 
Out of that crucible, called debt. To live 
On means not yours — ^be brave in silks and laces. 
Gallant in steeds — splendid in banquets ; all 
Not yours — ungiven — unherited— ^unpaid for; — 
This is to be a trickster; and to filch 
Men's art and labour, which to them is wealth. 
Life, daily bread — quitting all scores with — 

' Friend, 
* You're troublesome ! '—Why this, forgive me. 
Is what — ^wfaen done with a less dainty grace — 
Plain folks call * Theft !' — ^You owe eight thou- 
sand pistoles. 
Minus one crown, two liards ! 

De Mauprat (aside). The old conjuror ! — 
Sdeath, he'll inform me next how many cups 
I drank at dinner ! 

Richelieu. This is scandalous, 

Shaming your birth and blood. 1 tell you. Sir, 

That you must pay your debts. — 

De Mauprat. With all my heart. 
My Lord. — ^¥^ere shall I borrow, then, the 
money? 

Richelieu (aside and laughing). A humorous 
dare-devil ! The very man 
To suit my purpose — ^ready, frank, and bold ! 

(Risingy and earnestly,) 
Adrien de Mauprat, men have called me cruel ; 
I am not ; I am just ! — I found France rent 

asunder — 
The rich men despots, and the poor banditti ; 
Sloth in the mart, and schism within the temple; 
Brawls festering to rebellion ; and weak laws 
Rotting away yvith rust in antique sheaths. 
I have re-created France ; and, from the ashes 



Of the old feudal and decrepit carcass 

Civilization on her luminous wings 

Soars, phoenix-like, to Jove ! — ^What was my art? 

Genius, some say — some Fortune — ^Witchcraft 
some. 

Not so; my art was Justice ! — Force and Frand 

Misname it cruelty — ^you shall confate them ! 

My champion you ! You met me as your foe ; 

Depart, my friend — you shall not die. France 
needs you. 

You shall wipe off all stains, — be rich, be ho- 
noured. 

Be great." 

The subjoined, illustrating the superiority of 
the pen to the sword, " tells" well ; though so 
far as manner is concerned, we doubt its truth to 
nature: — 

" Reach me yon falchion, Fran9ois, — ^not that 

bauble 
For carpet-warriors, — ^yonder — such a blade 
As old Charles Martel might have wielded when 
He drove the Saracen from France. 
{Francois brings him one of the long two-handed 
swords worn in the. Middle Ages.) 

With this 
I, at Rochelle, did hand to hand engage 
The stalwart Englisher, — ^no mongrels, boy. 
Those island mastiffs, — ^maik the notch — ^a deep 

one — 
His casque made here, — I shore him.to the waist! 
A toy — a feather — ^then ! 

( Tries to wield, and lets itfolL) 
You see a child could 
Sl^ Richelieu, now. 
Francois (his hand on hts hilt). But now, at 

your command 
Are other weapons, my good Lord. 

Richelieu (who has seated himself as to 

write, lifts the pen). True, — ^this ! 
Beneath the rule of men entirely great 
The pen is mightier than the sword. Behold 
The arch-enchanter's wand ! — itself a nothing ! — 
But taking sorcery from the master-hand 
To paralyze the Csesars — and to strike 
The loud earth breathless! — Take away the 

sword — 
States can be saved without it !" 

These lines from the mouth of Richelieu — 
the love of Jge for Youth — ^are good : — 

" I love the young ! 
For as great men Uve not in their own time. 
But the next race, — so in the young, my soul 
Makes many Richeheus I" 

The foUowing (part of a scene between Riche- 
lieu and Julie, after the latter has escaped from 
the palace) is highly effective in represen- 
tation : — 

" Richelieu. Ha ! — 
You did obey the summons ; and the King 
Reproach'd your hasty nuptials. 

Jjlie. Were that all! 

He frown'd and ehid ; — ^proclaim'd the bond un- 
lawftd: 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



227 



i» 



Bade me not quit my chamber in the palace. 
And there at night — alone — ^this night — ^all 

still— 
He sought my presence — dared — ^thou read'st 

the heart. 
Bead mine ! — ^I cannot speak it ! 

Richelieu. He a King — 

You — woman ; well, — you yielded ! 

Julie. Cardinal — 

Dare you say 'yielded?' — Humbled and abash'd 
He from the chamber crept — ^tHis mighty Louis ; 
Crept like a baffled felon ! — ^yielded ! Ah I 
More royalty in woman's honest heart 
Than dweUs within the crowned majesty 
And sceptred anger of a hundred Kings ! 

We* close with the following lines, detached 
fixym one of the finest portions of the drama — a 
soliloquy at midnight : — 

^* Richelieu^s Castle at Ruelle. — A Gothic cham- 
ber. — Moonlight at the window^ occasumallif 
obtcured. 

Richelieu (reading). 'In silence, and at 
night, the conscience feels 
That life should soar to nobler ends and power.' 
So sayest thou, sage and sober moralist ! 
But wert thou tried? — Sublime philosophy. 
Thou art the patriarch's ladder, reaching heaven. 
And bright with beck'ning angels— but, alas I 
We see thee, like the patriarch, but in dreams. 
By the first step — dull-slumbering on the earth. 






<€ 



Yet are my sins not those of circumstance. 
That all-pervading atmosphere, wherein 
Our spirits, like the unsteady lizard, take 
The tints that colour, and the food that nurtures ? 
Oh ! ye, whose hour-glass shifts its tranquil sands 
In the unvex'd silence of a student's cell ; 
Ye, whose untempted hearts have never toss'd 
Upon the dark and stormy tides, where life 
Gives battle to the elements, — ^and man 
Wrestles with man for some sUght plank, whose 

weight 
Will bear but one — ^while round the desperate 

wretch 
The hungry billows roar — and the fierce fate. 
Like some huge monster, dim-seen through the 

siuf. 
Waits him who drops ; — ^ye safe and formal men. 
Who write the deeds, and with unfeverish hand 
Weigh in nice scales the motives of the great. 
Ye cannot know what ye have never tried ! 
History preserves only the fleshless bones 
Of what we are — and by the mocking skull 
The would-be wise pretend to guess the features ! 
Without the roundness and the glow of life 
How hideous is the skeleton ! Without 
The colourings and humanities that clothe 
Our errors, the anatomists of schools 
Can make our memory hideous ! 

9|C * * * « 

" I have outlived love. 
! beautiful — ^all golden — gentle Youth ! 
Msiking thy palace in the careless iront 
And hopeful eye of man — ere yet the soul 
Hath lost the memories which (so Plato dream'd) 



Breath'd glory from tiie earlier star it dwelt in-^ 
O ! for one gale from thine exulting morning. 
Stirring amidst the roses, where of old 
Love shook the dew-drops fi-om his glancing 

hair! 
Could I recal the past— or had not set 
The prodigal treasures of the bankrupt soul 
In one slight bark upon the shoreless sea ! 
The yoked steer, after his day of toil, 
Forgets the goad and rests — ^to me ahke 
Or day or night — ^Ambition has no rest !" 



Architectural Illustrations and Account of the 
Temple Church, London. By Robert William 
Billings, Associate of the Institute of British 
Architects. Royal and Demy 4to. Boone. 

This is a volume of rare interest to the archi- 
tect, to the historian, to the antiquary. Beau- 
tiful, extensive, varied, and unique in its design, 
and equally rich, elegant, and beautiful in its 
execution, the Temple Church is not, perhaps, 
so well known, even in the metropolis, as it 
ought to be. " It is," as Mr. Billings justly 
remarks, '^ particularly interesting to the archi- 
tect and antiquary as displaying, in the eastern 
part, the first specimen of the complete conquest 
which the Pointed style had effected over the 
massive Circular or Norman Architecture pre- 
ceding its erection; and as marking, in the Cir- 
cular portion, the different changes which the 
latter style underwent previous to its final sub- 
version." Mr. Billing has selected and arranged 
his historical facts with great judgment. What 
we are chiefly indebted to him for, however, is 
his minutely detailed architectural description of 
the Church, and his numerous and accurately 
executed plates of illustration. Every thing is 
drawn to a scale, and with such extraordinary 
closeness of attention, that, were the church by 
any accident to be destroyed, it might be re- 
edified without the loss or alteration of a siugle 
feature, interiorly or exteriorly. As objects of 
great curiosity to the general observer, it may 
be maitioned that seven plates are devoted to a 
representation of the series of grotesque heads, 
which decorate the spandrils of the arches form- 
ing the arcade against the wall of the circular 
portion of the building. The original number 
of these heads was sixty-four : two on each side 
of the western doorway, seven in each of the 
four compartments on each side, and two on 
each pier of the entrances of the nave ; but six 
of them have been either hidden or destroyed by 
monuments placed before them. Previously to 
the repairs of the church, in the year 1827, they 
were understood to be composed of a coarse kind 
of plaister ; but, at that period, when they had 
fallen into such a state of decay that restoration 
became necessary, they were found to be of Caen 
stone. They were re-carved in Portland stone, 
as perfect^ac similia of the originals ; and must 
be admitted in proof of the high capability of 
our modem workmen. It is greatly to be la- 
mented, that, from the great comparative cheap- 



228 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



"ne8s of what is tenned compositioii, tlie beautiful 
art of carving, both in wood and stone, should 
have been suffered to drop into desuetude 
amongst us. 

Mr. Billings's leading motive for producing 
this work is thus stated : — 

" Although many picturesque views of the 
Temple Church have appeared at various times^ 
particularly in the * Architectura Ecclesiastici, 
Londini,by Charles Clarke, Esq. F.S.A.;' in * The 
Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain, by 
John Britton, Esq., F.S.A.;' and, lastly, in 
'The Churches of London, by George God- 
win, jun. Esq. F.S.A., architect,' (now publish- 
ing); there are not (with the exception of 
the plan and elevations published by the Society 
of Antiquaries in the * Vetusta Monumenta, ) 
any engraved representations tending to convey 
a connected idea of it, in an architectural sense, 
and those illustrations do not embrace the ex- 
terior. This circumstance has rendered a work 
on the subject long necessary, and the present 
is submitted as an endeavour to supply, in some 
measure, the former deficiency." 

So far as our judgment goes, no architectural 
library can be complete — in the church depart- 
ment, at least — without this volume. 

To the historical and anticj^uarian reader, how- 
ever, the value of the book is greatly enhanced 
by an Essay of extraordinary research and abi- 
lity, " On the Symbolic Evidences of the Tem- 
ple Church," by Edward Clarkson, Esq., in 
which Essay is very elaborately discussed the cu- 
rious question, "Were the Templars Gnostic 
idolators, as alledged ?" 

We regret that our limits will not suffer us 
to accompany Mr. Clarkson in this inquiry; 
but we must indulge the reader with a taste 
or two of his facts and opinions. Adducing the 
theory of Von Hammer, "that the Eastern 
Order of the Assassins and the Knights Templars 
were in some respects connected — in some re- 
pects identical," — ^he says, 

"We are bound to infer, from the facts and 
evidences produced by Von Hammer, and from 
facts and evidences which we consider as pecu- 
liar to ourselves, that there is this much truth 
in his propositions ; that a large proportion of 
the body of the Templars were imbued with the 
Gnostic and Manichee heresies; that they 
adopted the initiations of a corrupted and min- 
gled Freemasonry, such as was used by the lat- 
ter ; and that they were closely connected with 
the chief of the Assassins, who occupied strong 
holds in the immediate neighbourhood of their 
fortresses in Syria, and who also adopted the ini- 
tiations of a secret Freemasonry, similarly cor- 
rupted, in order to train his fanatical adepti 
(the Fedavee) for the ambitious purposes at 
which he unscrupulously arrived." 

Further : — 

*• Von Hammer infers the identity between 
the two orders from the similarity of their dress 
(Tvhite, with a red cross and a red belt) ; their 



existence in the same vicinities and localities; 
their internal organization, initiation, and secret 
doctrines ; and their willingness to incorpora;te 
themselves with the Templars." * * * 

" Another curious analogy has been su^ested. 
The Syrian fortresses of the Assassins were 
round towers, like the preceptones in London, 
Cambridge, Bristol, Canterbury, Dover, War- 
wick, and other places." 

Again: — 

" With regard to the similarity of dress, there 
is a singular fact with which Von Hammer was 
not himself acquainted, and which goes to com- 
plete his argument, namely, that the monuments 
of Egypt, which at the present day exhi}>it the 
dress of the initiate in Egyptian free-masonry, 
exhibit him in the precise dress of the order of 
the AssnssinSy namely, a white tunic with a red 
girdle knotted in tne form of a cross. The 
' Kin^ of the Mysteries' is always represented 
in this dress. Between this and the order of 
the Assassins there is no difference. The only 
difference between the latter and the dress of the 
Templars was, that the red girdle was exchanged 
for the red badge." 

On the charge of idolatrous practices : — 

" We have in our possession gems, commonly 
called BasiUdian, found in Templars' houses. 
They carry with them the full evidence of Gnostic 
or Egyptian heresy. A jumble of Eg3rptian or 
Magian idols appear upon them. The most 
common symbol is three legs or three arms, 
united triangularly in a centre. One of the 
idols has the head of a hawk, holding in one 
hand the scourge of Osiris, and with his limbs 
terminating in the folds of a serpent ; the mystic 
letters A O ( / breathe) in the oval are its only 
inscription ; but another Gnostic gem exhibits 
the very idol which they were accused, by Phihp 
le Bel and their French judges, of worshipping. 
It is that of the calf Bahumeth — a figure oon« 
structed out of the forms of a calf, a beetle, and 
a man, — holding betv/een its human fore limbs 
an open book, and having a female head crowned. 
It is, in fact, nothing but a variation of the 
Egyptian sphynx. They were accused of wor* 
shipping this idol, while they denied Christ and 
trampled on the cross." 



The History of Napoleon Bonaparte, from the 
French of Norvins, Laurent, (de I'Ardeche) 
Bourienne, Las Casas, the Duke de Rovigo, 
Lucien Bonaparte, &c. ; with Abstracts from 
the Works of Hazlitt, Carlyle, and Sir Wal- 
ter Scott. Edited by R. H. Home, Esq., 
Author of Cosmo de Medici," " The Death of 
Marlowe," &c. Richly illustrated with many 
hundred Engravings on Wood, after Desi|ns 
by Raffet, Horace Vemet, Jacque, &c. 
Part I. Royal 8vo. Tyas, 1839. 

The commencing paragraph of this work pro« 
mises well for its progress ;:— 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



229 



''.Napoleon Bonaparte was bom on the 15th 
of August, 1769, at Ajaccio, in the island of 
Corsica. There is reason to believe that his an- 
cestors, on the mother's side, were NeapoHtans, 
and that on his father's, they were members of 
certain noble houses of San Miniato, in Tus- 
cany. The majority of his historians and bio- 
graphers endeavour to /show that his descent 
was illustrious, if not slightly tinged with roy- 
alty. The name of Bonaparte stands high 
among the senators in the ' Golden Book' of 
Bologna ; but there is no proof that Napoleon 
was lineally descended from that family. The 
fact 18 not unportant ; for inasmuch as time can 
easily trace many men back to something of 
nobiuty, so the retrospection has only to be ex- 
tended, in order to prove the origin of all men 
very humble. Whatever qualities were dis- 
played by Napoleon, he did not derive his power 
from his family, but from his own nature, his 
own actions, and the circumstances of which 
he was the creature and the creator." 

We protest, however, against Mr. Home's 
orthography of his hero's name — Bonaparte; 
his name was not Bonaparte, but Buonaparte. — 
The French, ever notorious for their habit of 
altering names, as well in orthography as in pro- 
nunciation, had a motive in this instance, and 
Napoleon himself was sufficiently willing, as 
the imagined founder of a dynasty, to avail him- 
self of the proffered change. The French, anx- 
ious to rid themselves of the haunting associa- 
tions of their subjugator's Italian origin, sank 
the Uy and also the sound of the final e in his 
name, and thus the Italian Buonaparte was 
gallicised into Bonapart. Englishmen, how- 
ever, need not wish to forget that Napoleone 
Buonaparte was a Corsican. / 

Most of the engravings in this commencing 
iivraison, if not au, we observe, are of French 
execution, as well as the designs: they have 
no pretension to the praise of deUcacy or beauty 
of finish ; but many of them exhibit surprising 
force of character — ^national character — and 
feeling. In the charming art of engraving upon 
wood, our Continental neighbours cannot, for a 
moment, enter into competition with us. It is 
probable, therefore, that, in the progress of the 
work, the reader will have an opportunity of 
witnessing the superior skill of his own country- 
men. 

So fSar as we have yet advanced in the literary 
composition of the work (the third blockade of 
Mantua), we may remark, that it appears to be 
a fair and lucid digest of various previous 
publications on the subject. It is very hand- 
somely printed, and is to be completed in one 
large splendid volume. 

The Family Sanctuary ; a Form of Domestic 
Devotion for every Sabbath in the Year : con- 
taining the Collect of the Day, a Portion of 
Scripture, an Original Prayer and Sermon ; 
and the Benediction, 8vo. Smith, Elder, 
and Co^ 



The nature of this handsome and boldly-printed 
volume — a volume admirably adapted in all re- 
spects for the purposes of family devotion — ^is 
exceedingly well eitplained in its title-page. In 
cases of personal indisposition, or where the 
whole of a family may Tbe unable to attend the 
performance of divine service at church, — or 
where the church may be at too great a distance 
to allow of regular and constant attendance, 
here is, in a single volume, a valuable and un- 
objectionable succedaneum. The author — ^we 
regret that his name is not given to the work — 
appears to favour the Wesleyan Methodists, 
who, to their high credit, have " refrised to join 
in the calumnies and misrepresentations of the 
Estabhshed Church ;' and in thus decUning to 
unite with them for her overthrow, have hi- 
therto presented an important barrier between 
the Church and her unreasonable foes. While 
the author has, therefore, endeavoured to give 
EvangeUcal doctrine a place in this volume, to 
which he thinks it justly entitled, practical 
doctrine, he trusts, has not been neglected." — 
Every right-feeling Christian, we are confident, 
must agree with the writer, in the following 
observations: — 

** Were there no state rehgion, the observance 
of the Sabbath, even as a day of rest from 
worldly labour, would, it is to be feared, by 
many be no longer continued ; the poor would 
be denied the privilege of having the Gospel 
preached unto them; a flood of immorality and 
irreligion would burst upon devoted England, 
and her honourable name would, ere long, cease 
to be respected amongst the nations. The man- 
ner in wtiich the Sabbath is to be sanctified, is 
taught in the Holy Scriptures ; and, commend- 
ing to every man their perusal, we shall only 
remark^ that as the religious observance of 
God's holy day must be beneficial to the soul, 
so, the neglect of such an observance may, nay, 
must be detrimental, to our immortal inte- 
rests." 

The sermons in this volume, moderate in 
length, simple and lucid in arrangement, are all 
extremely weU composed; distinguished also by 
a strain of genuine piety, free from mysticism 
and cant. The discourse, '^ On the Sanctifica- 
tion of the Sabbath," maybe regarded as a truly 
beautifril composition. 



The Pictorial Edition ofShakspere. Parts III. 
and IV. Romeo and Juliet, and Love's La- 
bour Lost. Super-royal 8vo. Knight and 
Co. 1839. 

Glorying as we do in the very name of Shak- 
speare, it is matter of deUght to us to see this 
noble edition of the bard advancing in so fine 
and worthy a spirit. It reflects the utmost 
credit upon Messrs. Knight and Co. 

Of the peculiar merits of the " Pictorial Edi- 
tion of Shakspeare," we gave a general view in 

Vide p. 40, et seg. 



230 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



an extended notice of Parts I. and 11. (The Two 
Gentlemen of Verona, and King John) ; and in 
that view we failed not to pay a just tribute to 
the skill of the respective artists engaged in the 
designs and illustrations. Amongst the designers 
Harvey stood then, as he stands now, at the 
head of his beautiful art; amongst the engra- 
vers, we specially noticed Orrin Smith, Jacksoi^, 
Williams, Thompson, &c. Whenever these 
names appear, in the Parts now before us, the 
same cordial praise is due. In Love's Labour 
Lost, however, Messrs. Harvey, Jacque, Sargent, 
&c., find an able coadjutor in Buss. His design 
of " Love's Labour Lost, acted before Queen 
Elizabeth," (engraved by Landels) is really a 
very splendid affair. In noticing some of this 
artist's earher illustrations of the play, it struck 
us that he was not quite au fait m embodying 
his ideas upon wood; but, in the design just 
mentioned, " practice appears to have made 
him perfect." There is so much broad humour, 
as well as characteristic force, in all that Buss 
executes, that, in illustrating the comic produc- 
tions of our bard, his aid cannot prove other- 
wise than extremely valuable. 

With the editorial department of that most 
exquisite of love stories, Romeo and Juliet — 
especially as regards the notes, and the " Supple- 
mentary Notice" — we are particularly pleased. 
The admirably philosophical remark of Words- 
worth's, that " Shakspeare's writings, in the 
most pathetic scenes, never act upon us as pa- 
thetic beyond the bounds of pleasure," is ably 
enlarged upon, to the complete demolition of 
the wretched fancies of Garrick, Mrs. Inchbald, 
and others, who thought that Shakspeare (poor 
simpleton !) had been misled in his catastrophe 
of Romeo and Juliet ! Kind, critical souls, they 
were therefore desirous, by substituting horror 
for pathos, to amend the catastrophe ! We are 
told that, once upon a time, a link-boy thus 
responded to Pope's prayer, " God mend me !" 
— " Mend you ; he had better make half-a-dozen 
new ones !'* Now, according to our humble 
view of the subject, it would be more difficult to 
mend Shakspeare than it would have been to 
mend Pope. At all events, the operation would 
require an artist of infinitely higher powers than 
either Garrick, Tom Warton, or Mrs. Inchbald. 

The aggregate number of illustrations in 
Parts III. and IV. amounts to fifty-four. 

Part V. presents the historical play of King 
Richard the Second ; but we have not yet been 
able to pay it the requisite attention on which to 
found our opinion. 



Tales and Sketches. Historical and Domestic. 
By Mrs. D. Clarke (late E. A. Ingram). 8vo. 
Longman and Co. 

From the preface to this handsome yet unpre- 
tending volume, we learn that nearly all its con- 
tents " have appeared already in various publi- 
cations; metropolitan and provincial, but now, 
for the first time, assume their collective form." 



Many of them we recolleet having seen m 
that once elegant and popular publication. La 
Belle Assemblee. The name of Mrs. Clarke 
is also familiar to us, as that of a very charming 
writer in The Liverpool Albion, one of the ablest, 
soundest, (its pohtics excepted,) best conducted, 
and most interesting journals in the kingdom. 
In fact, for copiousness, variety, and literary 
talent, London can produce nothing like it, in 
the form of a newspaper. 

Thank heaven, however, our fair author doea 
not trouble herself or her readers about pohtics : 
judging, no doubt, that we encounter more than 
sumcient annoyance of that description from the 
" lords of the creation." 

We have only one reason for not quoting 
largely firom the pages of the volume before us 
— that most of them have already met the public 
eye. There is a sweetness, a gentleness, a ten- 
derness, a touching beauty about many of these 
"Tales and Sketches," of which we cannot 
speak too highly. Amongst others, we may 
particularize as our favourites, Coeur de Lion's 
Return, The Tournament, Mary of Lorn, The 
Days of Wallace, James of Scotland in Cap- 
tivity, Tradition of Ludlow Castle, The Pilgrim- 
age to Normandy, Lochlevin's Flower, Henri- 
etta of France, &c. 

In collecting these pieces, and presenting 
them in a form so attractive, Mrs. Clarke has 
conferred a great favour upon her friends. 



South Australia, An Exposure of the Absurd, 
Unfounded, and Contradictory Statements in 
James's "Six Months in South Australia.'' 
By John Stephens, Author of the " History 
of South Australia." pp. 50. Smith, £lder, 
aad Co. 1839. 

That Mr. Stephens is perfectly master of his 
subject, we apprehend we succeeded in shew- 
ing, in our somewhat extended notice of bis 
"History of South . Austraha," at p. 178, et 
seq. The immediate consequence of his mastery 
is, that his "exposure" of Mr. James's "ab- 
surd, unfounded, and contradictory statements," 
is complete and triumphant. 



Heads of the People taken off, by Kenny Mea- 
dows {Quizfizzz), No. 5. Tyas, 1839. 

Mr. Kenny Meadows, no longer a masked exer 
cutioner, but a much more agreeable operator 
than the guillotine, takes off four of the " Heads 
of the People," in this number, with his accus- 
tomed adroitness: the Barmaid, the Teetotaler, 
the Factory Child, and the Conductor ; the Coor 
ductor, ladies and gentlemen, of that light and 
airy, elegant and fashionable vehicle, an omni- 
bus. In his operation cm the Barmaid Mr. 
Meadows is assisted by Charles Whitehead ; on 
the Teetotaler, by liaman Blanchard; on the 
Factory Child, by Douglas Jerrold j and on the 
Conductor, by Leigh Hunt ; all of them accom> 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



231 



]^shed practisers of the art of literary dissection. 
The Teetotaler's — 



'^ Doctrine is in favour of extremes meeting; 
the excellence whereof he illustrates by a refer- 
ence to the especial pleasantness of whiskey-and- 
water. To drink water, he conceives is about 
half of the whole duty of man, which is neces- 
sarily of a * mixed' character. Tea, neverthe- 
less, he will not absolutely decline, even in his 
non-professional hours, and apart from his avo- 
cation as a temperance teacher ; — ^but then he 
imperatively requires with it a dash of brandy. 
To him there appears no reason why Mr. Twin- 
ing should not enter into partnership with 
Hodges or Booth. This tine qua non granted, 
he wiB respond in the affirmative to the consi- 
derate, but too often satirical, enquiry, * Is your 
tea agreeable V but to expect him to relish 
Souchong out of the society, to tolerate gun- 
powder but with a view to going off with a glo- 
rious report, is to single out the Teetotaler for 
a task never imposed upon morahst or agitator 
before." 

Meadows's portrait of the poor Factory Girl 
is not without a fault : it is not sufficiently mi- 
serable and squahd. Jerrold's accompaniment 
is well sketched, but it does not excite the in- 
tense agony that was produced by the horrible 
details that were given in evidence before the 
Committee of the House of Commons. How- 
ever — 

*' Science may not turn Seven-Dials into the 
garden of the Hesperides ; nor do we look that 
It should make Holywell Street flow with milk 
Mkd honey ; — ^but the time is approaching when, 
by its wise and bounteous nature, the wrongs at 
this moment eating hke ulcers in the social body, 
will be- classed with the cruelties of bygone ages. 
Another generation, and they who insist on the 
necessity of the condition of the nine years old 
Factory Child of our day, will take their places 
with the admirers of thumbscrews, — the cham- 
pions of the social value of the steel-boot." 

From Mr. Hunt's " noticeable varieties " of 
the class of conductor, we crib a portion of the 
first : — 

*' The Conductor is a careless-dressing, sub- 
ordinate, predominant, miscellaneous, newly- 
invented personage, of the stable-breed order, 
whose occupation consists in eternally dancing 
through the air on a squalid bit of wood, twelve 
inches by nine ; letting people in and out of the 
great oblong box called an omnibus ; and occa- 
sionally holding up his hand, and vociferating 
the name of some remote locahty. He has of 
late been gifted with a badge, which classifies 
the otherwise '^ promiscuous" appearance of his 
' set-out ;' and m some districts they have put 
him into hvery, which, though it raises him in 
the scale of neatness, and, perhaps, of civihty, 
wonderfolly lowers his aspect in that of inde- 
pendence, and conspires to turn the badge of 
office into an aggravated mark of servitude." 



A Trtatiste on . Consumption^ Asthma^ Hooping 
{Whooping) Cough y and other Affections (^the 
Lungs ; especially in reference to the Ender- 
mic and Inhalent Methods of Treatment. By 
John Pocock Holmes, Esq., Member of the 
Boyal College of Surgeons, &c. Second Edi- 
tion. HoldUworth. 1839. 

The employment of counter-irritants in the 
reUef and cure of disease, is not new : it has 
been successfully adopted by our older, as well 
as by our more modem practitioners ; but there 
is, we apprehend, a considerable degree of no- 
velty in Mr. Holmes's mode of combining the 
process of friction with that of inhalation. Into 
a description of this mode of treatment it is not 
within our province to enter. According to Mr. 
Holmes's statements, sustained by apparently 
unimpeachable testimony, it has been found 
eminently successful; and therefore we deem 
the httle volume before us entitled to the at- 
tention of the afflicted. 



Gertrude and Beatrice ; or, the Queen of Hun" 
gary. An Historical Tragedy, in Five Acts. 
By George Stephens, Author of " The Manu- 
scripts of Erdeley." MitcheU. 1839. 

This tragedy, it appears, '' was written with a 
view to representation, and the author once 
hoped (after certain curtailments) that it would 
have been brought out on the boards of Covent 
Garden Theatre." Our opinion, however, is in 
perfect accordance with that of Mr. Macready, 
that the situations between Rodna and Beatrice, 
in the fourth act, must have proved fatal. In fact, 
the scene referred to is such, that no manager, 
unless labouring under a paroxysm of insamty, 
would dare to present to an English audience. 
It is nothing to the purpose to say, that " the 
obnoxious scene is only not strictly historical, 
because the intent, which in the play is frus- 
trated by the appearance of Bankban, was, ac- 
cording to all accounts, actually consummated." 
It is the business of the historian to record 
facts — simple, naked facts ; but, as " the truth 
is not to DC told at all times," the dramatist 
and the romance writer are imperatively bound 
to dismiss from their compositions whatsoever 
may be found militatmg against dehcacy, man- 
ners, or morals, in passages of actual life. 

We must remark, however, that Mr. Ste- 
phens's powers are of no mean order: the 
rhythm of his verse is frequently defective; but 
his ideas are bold, occasionally original; and 
his modes of expression, though not sdways 
correct, have considerable power. 



Travels of Minna and Godfrey in Many Lands* 
From the Journals of the Author. The Rhine^ 
Nassau, and Baden. Smith, Elder, & Co. 1839. 

This is one of the cleverest, most attractive, 
and most instructive books for youth that we 
have for a long time met with. In the progress 



232 



SELECT NECROLOGY. 



of our young friend's travels alo^ ^e Rhine, '. 
through Nassau, on to Baden, mAe, &c., a 
world of information is conveyed : historical no- 
tices of the respective places — observations on 
public buildings and productions of the fine 
arts — ^legends of the Rhine — romances — tales — 
anecdotes — ^naturid history — are profusely and 
gracefully interspersed. 

The volume is further enriched by the intro- 
duction of several neat graphic illustrations. 

This little book appears to form a sort of 
semiel to a similar volume, in which the travels 
of Minna and Godfrey through Holland are de- 
scribed ; and we sincerely hope that it will itself 
find a sequel, or continuation; for we could 
ramble witn these young people and their friends 
the world over, with increased and increasing 
dehght. 

Heads from Nicholas Nickleby. No. I. Tyas. 



We are promised, that these ''Heads," jan 
fessing to be " etched by A. Drypoint, uo 



ro- 
m 



drawings by Miss La Creevy," *' will comprise 
Portraits of the most interesting individuals 
that appear in * The Life and Adventures of 
Nicholas Nickleby,' selected at the period when 
their very actions define their true characters, 
and exhibit the inward mind by its outward 
manifestations. Each Portrait will be a literal 
transcript from the accurate and vividly minute 
descriptions of this able and most graphic au- 
thor; and will present to the eye, an equally 
faithful version of the maiden simplicity of Kate 
Nickleby — ^the depravity of Sir Mulberry Hawk 
— ^the imbecility of his dupe — ^the heartless vil- 
lany of the calculating Ralph — ^the generosity of 
the noble-minded Nicholas — the broken spirit 
of poor Smike — and the brutaliW of Squeers." 

This number presents the Heads of Kate 
Nickleby, Ralph Nickleby, Sir Mulberry Hawk» 
and Newman Noggs : they are enlarged, with 
much accuracy of resemblance, from the designs 
of the original work; and, from the extreme 
cheapness of the publication, we have no doubt 
that they will prove extensively acceptable. 



Select ^errologp* 



THE DUCHESS COUNTESS OF SUTHERLAND. 



Her Grace, Elizabeth, Duchess-Countess of 
Sutherland, was bom at Leven Lodge, near 
Edinburgh, on the 24th of May, 1765. She was 
Countess of Sutherland in her own right. The 
earldom to the title of the Sutherland family is 
the most ancient of any in Great Britain ; having 
been continued without interruption in the linetd 
course of descent, for nearly six hundred years, 
and through twenty generations, to the late 
noble possessor. Od the death of her father, 
the Countess, then only a twelvemonth old, was 
{Placed under the guardianship of John Duke of 
Athol, Charles, Earl of Elsin and Kincardine, 
Sir Adam Fergusson, of Kilkerran, and Sir 
David Dalrymple, of Hailes, Baronets, and 
John Mackenzie, of Delvin. A competition 
arose for the title of Sutherland, to which claims 
were entered by the Coimtess, Sir Robert Gor- 
don, of Gordon's Town, Baronet, and George 
Sutherland, of Forze. After various proceed- 
ings, the cause was, on the 21st of March, 1771, 
resolved, and adjudged, by the Lords Spiritual 
and Temporal, in Parliament assembled, in her 
Ladyship's favour. 

In 1779, the Countess of Sutherland raised 
a regiment for the defence of Britain, called the 
Sutherland Fencibles, which was completed to 
the full number of 1000 men in twelve days, and 
the comman? given to her cousin-german, Lieu- 
tenant-General William Wemyss, of Wemyss. 
At the commencement of the war in 1793, the 
Countess again raised a regiment of Feneibles, 



under the command of the same officer. That 
regiment, in 1798, volunteered its services to 
assist in queUing the rebellion in Ireland, where 
it was actively and successfully employed. At 
a subsequent period, it was incorporated into 
the line, and is now the 9drd regiment of foot. 

The Countess of Sutherland was married in 
London, on the 4th of Sept. 1785, to the Right 
Hon. Geo. Granville Leveson Gower, afterwards 
Marquess of Stafford, and raised to the Duke- 
dom of Sutherland, in 1833. By this union, 
the Countess of Sutherland had a family of six 
children, of whom the eldest was George Gran- 
ville, second and present Duke of Sutherland. 

The late Duke of Sutherland died on the 19th 
of July, 1833, when his noble reUct assumed 
the title of Duchess-Countess ; at once distin-* 
guishing herself from the Duchess her daugh- 
ter-in-law, and preserving her own hereditary 
title. 

After a short illness, her Grace expired, at 
her town residence, Hamilton Place, Piccadilly, 
on the evening of Tuesday, the 29th of Januaiy. 
Having expressed her desire that she might be 
interred in the same vault with the late Didce, and 
a long series of her ancestors, her remains were 
embarked in a steam-packet, for Scotland, on 
the 9th of February. 

The Countess of Sutherland was eminently 
distinguished for her taste in literature and the 
fine arts, and for the most munificent patrrai- 
age of their professors. Highly accomplisbed» 



SELECT NECROLOGY. 



233 



charitable, foenevoletit, generous; she was 
adorned with everyyirtue that could reflect credit 
upon her sex and country. 

HI& WILLIAM BEECHET. 

On the 26th of January, at Hampstead, Sir 
William Beechey, R. A., aged 86. Mr. Beechey 
was bom at Burford, in Oxfordshire, in 1753. 
For some time, he was under an eminent con- 
veyancer at Stowe; afterwards with a gentleman 
of the same profession in London, who died ; 
and subsequently with Mr. Owen, of Tooke's 
Court. Becoming enamoured of the fine arts, 
he procured a substitute for himself with Mr. 
Owen, deserted the law, and in 1772, was ad- 
mitted as a student at the Royal Academy. He 
made a rapid progress in his new profession. 
Amongst his earliest performances were por- 
traits of the old Duke and Duchess of Cumber- 
land, Dr. Strachey, Archdeacon of Norwich, 
and the Chevaher Ruspini. From London, 
Mr. Beechey went to Norwich, where he painted 
small conversation pieces in the manner of 
Hogarth and Zoffiemii. At Norwich, he became 
acquainted with and married Miss Jessup, after- 
wards Lad^ Beechey, anc^- who become an ad- 
mirable mmiature painter. By that lady he had 
a family of fifteen children, most of whom are 
yet livmg. His youngest daughter, Charlotte 
£arle, was, in 1825, married to Lord Grantley, 
the elder brother of Mr. Norton, the magistrate, 
husband of the Hon. Mrs. Norton. Captam 
Beechey — his brother, the traveller — and George, 
the painter, have all acquired high reputation. 

On his return to London, Mr. Beechey took 
the house in Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, 
which had formerly been the residence of Van- 
dez^cht. He afterwards removed successively 
to Hill Street, Berkeley Souare, George Street, 
Hanover Square, and Harley Street, Cavendish 
Square. The nobility of both sexes flocked to 
him from all quarters. He was appointed por- 
trait painter to Queen Charlotte, and employed 
by George the Third, to paint a whole length of 
her Majesty, and portraits of all the Princesses. 
With the exception, perhaps, of Sir Thomas 
Lawrence, no artist ever painted the portraits 
of so many of the most beautiful women of the 
age. In their figures he was generally success- 
fm; the likeness strong, with a natural and 
easy air. Of his powers as an artist, no ade- 
quate judgment can be formed by those who 
have seen only the works of his decuning years. 

In 1793, Mr. Beechey was elected an Asso- 
ciate of the Royal Academy, and in 17^7, an 
Academician. In 17^8, the King conferred 
upon him the honor of knighthood : he was the 
first member of the Royal Academy who had 
been so honored since the death of Sir Joshua 
Reynolds. 

JAMES BOAOEK, ESQ. 

This veteran in dramatic, biographical, and 
eifitorial literature, was a native of Whitehaven. 
He was bom on the 23rd ofMav, 1762. His 



fiither, Mr. WilEam Boaden, was many years in 
the Russian trade. Sent to London at an early 
aee, he was first engaged in the counting-house 
m Alderman Perclmrd, and subsequently as a 
banker's clerk in the house of Prescott, Grote, 
and Prescott. Soon afterwards, however, he 
devoted himself to the newspaper press. He 
entered himself in the Inner Temple, but was 
never called to the bar. At an early period, 
and for some years, he was editor ci the Oiacle, 
a morning paper, of some note in the literary 
and fashionable world. Mr. Boaden was a dis-' 
tinguished partizan in what was termed the 
Shakspeare controversy. If we mistake not, he 
was the first person who attacked the MSS. that 
were attempted to be forced on the pubhc as 
Shakspeare's. Besides his writings, which from 
time to time appeared in the Oracle, on this 
subject, he pubush^d ^^ A Letter to George Ste- 
vens, Esq., on Ireland's forgery of the Shaks- 
peare MSS." 

Mr. Boaden wrote and pubUshed several pieces 
for the stage: — The Pnsoner, 1792; Osmyn 
andDaraxa, 1793; Fontainville Forest, 1794; 
The Secret Tribunal, 1795 ; The Itahan Monk, 
1797; Cambro Britons, 1798; AureUo and 
Miranda, 1799; The Voice of Nature, 1803; 
The Maid of Bristol, 1803. Mr. Boaden ge- 
nerally drew the material for his plots from 
popular novels and romances. He had little 
originality, Httle invention, little of the fire 
of genius. Most of his pieces were more or 
less successful, for a time, but none of them at- 
tained the honour of becoming a stock piece. 

Mr. Boaden was more successful as a biogra- 
pher and critic, than as a dramatist. His Life 
of John Kemble, abounding in theatrical anec- 
dote, of a highly interesting character, was also 
rich in criticism. His Life of Mrs. Siddons, 
which followed soon after the death of that lady, 
was of a similar description ; but, partly j&om 
the sources of information, &c. having been ex- 
hausted, it was not eaual in merit to its pre- 
cursor. His Life of Mrs. Jordan came last, and 
was altogether a performance of very humble 
pretensions. It was objectionable, too, in other 
respects : the spirit and feeling winch it evinced 
were bad ; and rumour did not hesitate broadly 
to assert, that the main object in producing it 
was, that it might be bought up and suppressed. 
If so, the design was frustrated. 

We are sorry to say, that the latter years of 
Mr. Boaden's life were not passed in affluence. 
He died on the 16th of February, in the present 
year. 

EBWABD CHATFIELD, ESQ. 

Both hterature and art have sustained a loss in 
the early and lamented death of this gentleman, 
who died on the 22nd of January, in Judd Street, 
Brunswick Square, at the age of 39. He was 
the only surviving son of the late John Chatfield, 
Esq., of Croydon. He became a pupil of Hay- 
don in the year 1818, or 1819; at the same 
time, if we mistake not, with the Landseers, 



234 



SELECT NECROLOGY. 



Bewick, and Christmas. His first picture was ^ 
the Death of Moses, which was exhibited in the 
gallery of the British Institution, in the spring 
of 1823, and is now at Salters' Hall, in the 
City. He painted the Otter Hunt, a picture 

now at Islay, in Scotland, for Campbell, 

Esq., M.P. for Argyleshire. 

The Battle of Kilhcrankie, exhibited two or 
three seasons ago at Somerset House, evinced 
one of, the most rapid advances in art, within a 
very short period, that we ever witnessed. It 
was extremely well composed, finely coloured, 
harmoniously toned, and altogether in excellent 
keeping. This painting was sold at the Liver- 
pool exhibition, and will, no doubt, be preserved 
as a beautiful specimen of the artist's powers. . 

His Death of Locke was exhibited at Somerset 
House ; his Ophelia, in the new rooms of the 
Royal Academy at Charing Cross, in 1837 ; and 
his Portrait of the Son of William Russell, Esq., 
also at the Royal Academy, in 1838. In lus 
portraiture of childhood and youth Mr. Chat- 
iield was remarkable happy. His particular 
friend, Mr. J. Orrin Smith, of Judd Street (one 
of our ablest and most effective artists in wood 
engraving), has in his possession a portrait of 
one of his own children, painted by Chatfield, 
which, for truth of resemblance, and also as a 
work of art in all its finest properties, may be 
pronounced perfect. It is, in truth, a gem. 

When seized, last year, with the fatal illness 
which terminated his existence, Mr. Chatfield 
was employed on a work of considerable extent, 
entitled The Embarkation of Troops. This pro- 
mised to be his chef (Tosuvre. It is in a very 
advanced state ; the story is clearly and beauti- 
fully told, with some charming touches of both 
patnos and humour. The composition is good; 
and it displays considerable force, variety, and 
distinctness of character. Were the painting 
ours, even unfinished as it is, we should deem 
it sacrilege to have it touched by any other hand. 

Fortunately for Mr. Chatfield, though not so 
for his progress in art, he possessed a moderate 
independence, which enabled him to study his 
own tastes rather than mere pecuniary acquisition. 
His love of painting was mtense ; his concep- 
tions were of the loftiest stamp ; but, successml 
as he was in execution, his execution, like that 
of many other men of genius, never satisfied 
himself. 

Mr. Chatfield's love of literature was scarcely 
less ardent than that of his own art. His first 
literary essays appeared in the Annals of the 
Fine Arts, in 1818 and 1819; and, at intervals, 
he has since frequently written, not only for the 
newspapers but for the superior periodicals, un- 
der the signature of ** Echion." About three 
years since he wrote " Notes of an Artist" in 
the Monthly Magazine; a few months ago he 
had an article in the New Monthly Magazine ; 
and his last paper, On Poetic Painting and 
Sculpture, was in the February number of the 
same publication, in the present year. In the 
third number of " Heads of the People," the 
paper illustrative of the Old Lord, under his 



usual signature of " Echion," was Mt, Chat- 
field's. It is written with extreme neatness, 
and much quietness of point. This was the 
last paper he wrote, and must have been the 
relaxation of some of his latest hours. 

In private life Mr. Chatfield was amiable and 
honourable, friendly, generous, and benevolent. 

LORD ST. HELENS. 

The Right Hon. Alleyne Fitzherbert, Baron St 
Helens, of the Isle of Wight, who died at his 
house in Grafton-street, on the 19th of Febru- 
ary, at the age of 85, was the fourth son of 
William Fitzherbert, Esq. of Tissington, in the 
county of Derby, where his family had been 
settled ever since the time of William the Con- 
queror. He was educated at Derby and Eton, 
and sent to Cambridge in 1770, where he gave 
an early indication of his talents, by carrying 
off the first classical medal. He travelled in 
France and Italy, and on his return home, was 
appointed the Minister of this country at the 
Court of Brussels, in 1777. He resided there 
till August, 1782, when he was sent to Paris 
as sole plenipotentiary for negotiating a peace 
with France and Spain, and the States-General 
of the United Provinces, which he successfully 
accomplished. He had also a leading share in 
negotiating the peace with America, concluded 
at Paris in 1783. In August, 1783, he was ap- 
pointed Envoy Extraordinary to Catherine the 
Second, Empress of Russia, whom he accom- 
panied in 1787 on her tour to the Crimea, At 
the close of the same year he returned to Eng- 
land, was created a Privy Councillor, and ap- 
pointed Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant 
of Ireland. In the spring of 1789 he resigned 
that emplo3naient, and was sent as Envoy Extraor- 
dinary to the Hague; and in May, 1790, he re- 
paired to Madrid, ai^ Ambassador Extraordinaiy, 
with the powers for accommodating the difier- 
ences between Great Britain and Spain, respect- 
ing the right of British subjects to trade at 
Nootka Sound, and to carry on the southern 
whale fishery. His Majesty was afterwards 
pleased to create him an Irish Peer, with the 
title of Baron St. Helens. In 1793 he con- 
cluded a treaty of alliance between his Majesty 
and the crown of Spain; but the country dis- 
agreeing with his health, he quitted it at the 
beginning of 1797> and was appointed Ambassa- 
dor at the Hague, where he remained till the 
ensuing winter, when the Dutch Republic was 
overturned by the invasion of the French. 

He went to St. Petersburgh as ambassador in 
May, 1801, to congratulate the Emperor Alex- 
ander on his accession to the throne of Russia, 
and to propose terms for accommodating the 
differences which had arisen between Great Bri- 
tain and the three Baltic powers, towards the 
close of the reign of the Emperor Paul, and had 
occasioned the attack on Copenhagen, and other 
hostilities. This negociation he brought to a 
conclusion, by the signature of the ConventioB 
of St. Petersburgh, of the 17th June, 1801.^ 



r 



SELECT NECROLOGY. 



235 



Lcvd St. Helens was, in consequence, promoted 
to a Peerage of the United Kingdom, by the 
tkle of Baron St. Helens, of the Isle of Wight. 
In September, 1801, he attended the corona- 
tion of the Emperor Alexander, at Moscow, 
wbere he signed a treaty with the Danish Pleni- 
potentiary, in Tirtae of which that Crown be- 
came an accedingparty to the Convention of 
St.Petersburgh. He concluded in March, 1802, 
a similar treaty with Sweden, and returned to 
iWland in the autumn of the same year. In 
18(3 he was appointed one of the Lords of his 
^Majesty's Bedchamber, which office he conti- 
naed to hold till 1830. With George the Third 
he appears to have been a great favourite. 

Lord St. Helens imited the quaUties of a man 
of the world, a man of business, a scholar, and 
a philosopher, in a remarkable degree. 

CHARLES BOSSI, ESQ., B.A. 

John Charles Felix Rossi, Esq., one of 
our most eminent sculptors, died at his house, 
St, John's Wood, on the 21st of February. He 
was bom at Nottingham on the 8th of March, 
1762. His father, a native of Sienna, was a 
sort of quack-doctor to the neighbourhood. 
Rosa was apprenticed early to a sculptor named 
Lttccatella; and after he had served his appren- 
ticeship, he continued in the employ of his mas- 
at a salaiy of eighteen shillings a week. How- 
ever, havmg been directed to correct some work 
upon which one of his most highly-rated assist- 
ants had been employed, he was led to think 
that his abilities were not of a low order; he 
obtained better terms, and was not long in enter- 
ing upon life. In 1781 he obtained the silver, 
and in 1784 the gold medal. In 1785, he was 
sent to Rome by the Royal Academy. He re- 
turned in 1788, and was made an associate in 
1800. In 1802, he was elected R. A. He was 
appointed sculptor to the Prince Regent, and 
subsequently to his Majesty William the Fourth. 
Many of his works are in the Cathedral of St. 
Paul. They are monuments to the memory 
of Captain Faulkner, Captains Moss and Riou, 
Lord Cornwallis, Lord Rodney, and Lord Heath- 
field — who defended and kept Gibraltar. His 
other principal productions are a marble statue 
of Mercury, done at Rome, now in the posses- 
sion of the Earl of Lovelace ; a statue of Britan- 
nia (15 feet high) on the Exchange at Liverpool ; 
a recumbent figure of Eve in marble; and 
statues in marble of a Mercury, and Thompson 
the poet (purchased by Sir Robert Peel) ; Edwin 
and Eleonora (conjugal affection) ; Celadon and 
Amelia ; Musidora ; Zephyrus and Aurora ; and 
recumbent Venus and Cupid. He was exten- 
sively employed in decorating Buckingham Pa- 
lace. However, our nobility have no space for 
" masses of hewn stone ;" and Mr. Rossi found 
but few patrons when the country ceased to re- 
^ure his services to perpetuate the memory of 
its heroic defenders. Mr. Rossi, therefore, has 
bequeathed to his family nothing but his fame. 
He lived for many years on his pension as a 



superannuated member of the Royal Academy. 
Mr. Rossi was twice married. He had eight 
children by each of his wives. His second wife 
survives him. One of his sons is a sculptor. 

JAMES LONSDALE, ESQ. 

On Thursday, the 17th of January, died 
James Lonsdale, Esq., of Bemers Street, an 
artist of long and justly established reputation. 
Mr. Lonsdale, a native of Lancashire, was bom 
about the year 1777- He came to London at 
an early period of his life, and for many years 
confined his practice to male portraits. His 
manner was conside^d hard, but his resem- 
blances were acknowledged to be " inveterate." 
The following tribute to his character is from 
the Morning Chronicle : — 

" Combined with an enlarged and mascutine 
understanding, he possessed a straightforward 
honesty of purpose, which never vacillated be- 
fore rank or station, and ever secured to him 
the regard and esteem of those with whom he 
associated; amongst whom may be numbered 
many of the most distinguished men of his time 
for wit, talent, and mgh birth. He had a 
prompt, discriminating, and just perception of 
character ; and his works shew that he carried 
that quality, with imusual force, into the sub- 
jects of his pencil. His manners were cheerful 
and bland in the highest degree, and his con- 
versation was replete with sagacity, rich in anec- 
dote, and always impressive from justness of 
thought, clearness of judgment, and undeviat- 
ing veracity. He died, as he lived, with the 
calm and unruffled confidence of an honest man, 
leaving a blank in the enjoyments of his friends 
not easily to be supplied." 

One of Mr. Lonsdale's sons has already dis- 
tinguished himself as an artist, especially in what 
is termed " still life." 

MRS. POPE. 

Alexander Pope, an eminent actor in his 
day, was thrice married, and all his wives were 
women of distinguished merit. .His first, who, 
at the time of their union, was exactly twice his 
own age, was the celebrated actress. Miss Young. 
She may be said to have been the maker of his 
professional fortune. He next married a lady of 
the name of Spencer (previously Campion), also 
a very charming actress. In the first season of 
her appearance in London, she played JuHet, 
many nights in succession, to Harry Johnston's 
Romeo. She died at a very early period of life. 
Mr. Pope's third wife was the lady to whom this 
brief notice refers. Her maiden name was Lee. 
She was first married, at an early age, to Francis 
Wheatley, the painter, R. A. ; and secondly, to 
Mr. Pope, whom she survived about two years. 
Her forte was flower painting in water colours. 
She was for a long time employed by Mr. Curtis, 
the botanical publisber. Her pictures were 
drawn and painted with botanical accuracy, and 
with a brilliancy and truth of colour and charac- 



236 



THE THEATRES, CONCERTS, &c. 



ter, and artistieal feding inferior to none of her 
contemporaries. Her &>ld and richly coloured 
groups and compositions, at the Annual Exhi- 
bitions of the Rcyal Academy, will be long re- 
membered, Havmg been left by Mr. Wheatley 
with an interesting family, she had the satisfac- 
tion of seeing her chilchren well established in 
life, through the unwearied exertion of her own 
talents and industry. She reckoned among her 
patrons and pupils, the Princess Sophia of Glou- 
cester, the li^ Duchess of St. Albans, and many 



other persons of distinction. Mrs. Pope had tbe 
good fortune to find friends in every emergency. 
She possessed in early life much personal beaaty; 
and was supported through many trying »tua- 
tioiu, by greatenprgy of chmeter, and highly 
yirtuous principle. Her portrait of Madame 
Catalani had a great salo and was exceedingly 
popukr, althou^ she never paid much atten- 
tion to this branch of the profession. Mrs. Pope 
died, at an advanced age, much lamented, on 
the 24th of December, 1838. 



THE THEATRES, CONCERTS, &c. 



La Porte, the most snocessfiil manager that the 
Italian Opera has had to boast for several years, 
commenced his operations on the evening of Satur- 
day, March the 9th, with the insipid opera, very 
flatly and insipidly performed, of Belisario. The 
absence of all great names was not compensated by 
the presence of a host of little ones. As yet, Beli- 
sario is the only opera that has been performed. 
After Easter, however — ^the nsual season for dis- 
play — ^we are led to expect Grisi, Persian!, Alber- 
tazzi. Mile, de Garcia (sister of Madibran), Lrfiblache, 
Rnbini. &c. Will they come all together, or, like 
the kingly shades in their appearance to Banquo, 
one at a time ? As we fear, the latter. And Tam- 
bourini, a host in himself, is not to come at all. 

In the ballet department, the public have less 
ground of complaint. A ballet, manufactured out 
of Meyerbeer's opera of Robert le Diable, is plea- 
santly enough got through. 

The little theatre in the Haymarket, following 
the example of its great neighbour opposite, opened 
on Monday, the 18th of March, with Sheridan 
Knowles's comedy of The Love Chase. The chief 
novelty in this was Miss Taylor's assumption of the 
part of Constance in Ueu of Mrs. Nisbett. Without 
entering into any invidious comparison, we content 
ourselves with remarking that Miss Taylor's pre- 
servation of the character was delightful. Nothing 
could surpass in cordiality the greeting with which 
she was honoured throughout the play. Keep her 
in her own proper sphere, and Miss Taylor is one 
of the best and 'most effective actresses on the Lon- 
don boards. A new farce, called A Wife for a 
Day, met with deserved success on the opening 
Tiight, and has been performed every evening since. 
Power comes forward here at Easter. 

At Drury Lane, Mr. Bunn closed his beastly ex- 
hibition on Saturday, March the 23rd. At his 
benefit, however, previously to this. Van Amburgh 
introduced for him one of his two new lions from 
America. On the same occasion, an amusing after- 
piece, called T^e Little Hunchback, was brought 
out with great .success. Wieland's extraordinary 
powers are displayed in this to much advantage. 
A new play, a new opera, a new musical romance, 
and a new Easter piece are announced as in 
preparation. 

At Covent Garden, in Bulwer's Richelieu, which 
we have noticed at length in our review department, 
Macready has found a trump card. Richelieu, with 
the revival of another of Shakspeare's plays now in 
rehearsal, his favourite stock pieces, and a slight 



after-piece or two, will, no doubt, carry him trinm- 
phandy through to the close of the season. 

Yates, at the Adelphi, who appears to possess an 
innate love of the coarse, the horrible, and tbe 
agonizing, has produced a version of that elegant 
romance, Oliver Jhaist, as a pendant to NiehoUu 
Nickleby : running both tbe pieces together every 
night. In OHver Twist, Mrs. Keeley — clever little 
Mrs. Keeley — personates the hero ; and Mrs. Yates 
the refined character of Nance, with frightful power. 
Yates is quite at home in the Jew, Wright equally 
so in the Dodger, and O. Smith in the ruffian. 

Hooper, at the St. James's, having announced 
his intended importation of a troop of goats and 
monkeys from Paris, at Easter, Yates forestalled 
him, and got together a set of monkeys from — no- 
body knows where. Such are the exhibitions which 
the enlightened and refined populace of London— 
the schoolmaster having been long abroad — nighdy 
flock to witness. Hooper persists in announcing 
his goats and monkeys-—the real Simon Pares — all 
alive from Paris, for Easter. We should have 
thonght a sufficient number of the simia genus 
might have been picked up at home, without sending 
to France. A new burletta, entitled Take your 
Choice, has been well received at the St. James's. 

Madame Vestris has, with her accustomed tact, 
added a burletta — Faint Heart never won /Wr 
Lady, by Planche — ^to her tist of stock pieces. Vba 
scene is laid in Spain, in tbe 17th century ; and so 
admirable is the costume — as it always is at this 
theatre^that Charles Matthews, as Ruy Gomes, a 
gay and chivalrous lover, and Madame Vestris, as 
the Duchess de Terrenueva, the object of his ado- 
ration, look as though they had just stepped 
from the canvas of Velasquez. Gomez woos Ae 
lady against her will, and weds her despite the op- 
position of her betrothed. The denouement iUns- 
trates the title of the piece — Faint Heart never ww 
Fair Lady : in nine instances Out of ten true love, 
ardently sustained, ** bears off the belle** in triumph. 
s We are happy to see that our old and most de- 
serving friend, T. Philipps, the ablest lecturer on 
singing and vocal composition we ever heard, is in 
full and active pursuit of his profession. Aided by 
his meritorious pupils, the Misses Brandon, he is 
at this time delivering a course of six lectures at the 
Polytechnic Institution. The respective subjects 
of these lectures, treated seriatim, are: Voci^sa- 
tion Explained and Illustrated — Graces, and their 
Application — Florid and Oratorical Singing — Cham- 
ber and Miscellaneous Music — Improved Psalmody 



r 



FINE ARTS* EXHIBITIONS. 



237 



and Hymnology — ^The Works of Handel, and our 
Claim to them, considered as English Compositions 
— Dramatic Compositions and their Effects. We 
speak experimentally when we say that we have, 
over and over again, been gready edified by Mr. 
Phifipps's lectures. Mr. P. proposes delivering 



another similar course-r-with, however, great vari- 
ations — at the Russell Institution. Parents, as well 
as students, should avail themselves of an opportu^ 
nity to witness the extraordinary clearness, simpli- 
city, and effectiveness of his style. 



FINE ARTS' EXHIBITIONS. 



THE BRITISH INSTITUTION. 



We return, to snatch another hasty repast from the 
banquet of the British Gallery. 

Some of our lady-artists not infrequently put 
their lordly competitors to the blush. Mrs. Car- 
penter, for instance — what a charming production 
is her '* Study of a Female Head" (23), a portrait, 
no doubt, of some beautiful original. 

And what a sweet little picture is Miss F. Cor- 
baux' "Let it go (28) I" The subject is a lovely 
child with a golden-winged butterfly between his 
fingers, his elder sister (also in the freshness and 
beauty of youth) exclaiming, with gentle anxiety for 
the fate of the poor insect — " Let it go." 

Miss Corbaux has two other well-imagined and 
well-treated subjects : ** The Ionian Captive'» (97), 
from one of L. £. L.'s poems ; and ** Genevra" 
(365), from Lord Byron. The former is a very 
finely- composed little picture. 

The admirers of Mrs. Nisbett will be much grati- 
fied by Middleton's portraiture of " Neighbour 
Constance" (83), from Knowles's Comedy of The 
Love Chase. 

Lee*s '* Old Bridge at Lynedoch over the River 
Almond" (44) is a very clear, bright, well painted, 
and attractive picture. This industrious and able 
artist has five or six other paintings in the gaUery. 

The success of Sir E. L. Bulwer's play of ]^chelieu 
will direct the attention of many a visitor to Fisk's 
" Queen Mother, Mary de Medicis, demanding of 
Louis XIII. the Dismissal of Cardinal Richelieu" 
(157). It is a clever picture of its class : the Queen 
Mother appears as a fine, majestic, commanding 
woman ;^ but the figure and expression of Richelieu 
are deficient in dignity. 

There is great freshness and spirit, and contrast 
of character, in Witherington*s ** Displaying the 
Catch" (174). A fine, fresh-coloured country boy, 
with joy and good-natured exultation in his counte- 
nance, is pointing to his handsome ** catch" of fish ; 
while his companion, though with all the requisite 
appurtenances of the ** angle," has not caught one. 
Disappointment, with a touch of envy, is well 
pourtrayed in his features. The picture is very 
pleasing. 

Hofland, in his accustomed style of softness, 
cleamess, and beauty, contributes three subjects : 
two views of Barnard Castle, Durham (195 and 
200); and Crumworth Water, from Scale Hill, 
Cumberland" (207). 

Though deficient in mellowness and chiaroscuro ^ 
Moore's " Sta. Annunziata, Florence" (235) has 
some brilliant and striking touches. 

One of the most charming little pictures in the 
vhole collection b Noble's '' Balcony" (276). The 
siibject is a music party of four ladies, in a balcony. 
It is a rich Italian evening scene of sunny bright- 
nesBf with no undue portion of warmth. The 



picture is replete with grace, and very sweetly 
painted. 

With the exception of a prettyish foot and ankle, 
we can discern nought of attraction or interest in 
" Crossing the Brook" (285), by J. C. Thompson, 
R. H. A. 

Foumier's ** Anne Boleyn, the Morning of 
her Execution" (181) is not without interest; 
but the subject pains the eye as well as the heart. 
We naturally shrink from the contemplation of 
human suffering in its extremity. 

** The moment of victory" (345) by Eraser, is 
full of talent— exceedingly clever — yet, in some re- 
spects, far from pleasing. The " Moment of Vic- 
tory" is the close of a cock-fight — and we abomi- 
nate all cock-fights — in a farm-yard. The en- 
sanguined spurs of the triumphant warrior, and the 
piteous plight of the poor disabled and dying bird, 
are revolting to the sight. The farmer and his wife 
and infant — the gentle commisserating girl and her 
brother — the boys pursued by the yard dog — all the 
accessories are extremely well managed. However, 
we are most pleased with Eraser when he selects 
for his pencil subjeciks of a higher order. 

Douglas Cowper's ** Scene from 'Taming of the 
Shrew* " (Bianca and Lucentio — 362) is a very 
finely-painted, clear, well-toned, effective picture. 
The passage is altogether extremely well conceived 
and expressed. 

Two little girls. Foundlings (387), by Browning, 
are painted with much truth, simplicity, and agree- 
able effect 

Edwin Landseer's " Dairy Maid" (386) should 
have been called ** The Cow and the Maid:" the 
cow, capital ; the maid, not particularly dairyish. 

Was it essential for Mr. J. Hayter to make 
** Jeannie Deans visiting her Sister Effie in Prison" 
(393) so specially ugly? Of the two, we would 
rather take Effie, even as we find her in the picture, 
without seeing her face. 

" The Watering Place" (403), a landscape, with 
cattle, by T. S. Cooper, presents a delicious air of 
quiet and repose. 

Without specifying any of the numerous and ex- 
cellent pictures which had previously appeared in 
the Royal Academy exhibition, and which greatly 
enhance the interest of the present assemblage, we 
now reluctantly dose. 

SOCIETY OF BRITISH ARTISTS. 

The private view of the Annual Elxhibition of the 
Society of British Artists, in Suffolk Street, Charing 
Cross, took place on Saturday, the 23d of March ; 
but we were then unable to attend ; and the Mon- 
day following, when the public view commenced, 
was too late for our purpose. We understand, 
however, that the historical department contain 



588 LITERARY, SCIENTIFIG, AND MISCELLANEOUS MEMORABILIA. 



■ereral productions of more than nsual exoeDence ; 
and that considerable improvement in ererj branch 
of art is perceptible. Next month we shall have the 
satis&ction of reporting from onr own inspection. 

buaford'b panoramas. 
Bnrford's Panoramic Views, in Leicester Square, 
inyariably constitute one of the most attractive and 



most gratifying exhibitions in the metropolis. Hie 
pictore at this time occupying the larger circle is 
Modem Rome; that in the smaller circle is the 
Coliseum, with part of the Ancient City. The two 
subjects could not have been better matched. For 
the present, we content ourselves with announdBg 
their appearance. 



LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, & MISCELLANEOUS MEMORABILIA. 



THE LITERARY FUND. 



At the meeting on Wednesday, March 13, the 
Marquess of Northampton was elected a vice-presi- 
dent, in the room of the late Lord Carrington ; and 
Messrs. Charles Dickens and John Brace into the 

S moral committee, in the room of Henry Brandreth, 
sq., and J. E. Tennant, Esq. M.P., whose places 
became vacant in consequence of their not having 
attended a suflScient number of times within the 
last year. Mr. Blewitt was elected secretary, pro 
the Rev. W. Landon, resigned. At the club dinner 
which followed, Mr. Frederick Salmon, who was in 
the chair, announced a bequest to the Fund of 
Onb Thousand Pounds from a Mend of his, to 
whom he had recommended the interests of this 
most benevolent and valuable Institution. At the 
ensuing anniversary fthe J\ftieth\ H.R.H. the 
Duke of Cambridge has consented to preside. 

NEW COINAGE. 

A beautiful model has been executed by Mr. 
Wyon, the chief engraver to the Mint, for the re- 
verse of tiie five-sovereign piece. It represents the 
British Lion, passant, accompanied by our young 
Queen, who extends her sceptre before him. 

THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. 

The first meeting of the general committee at Bir- 
mingham, is appointed for Saturday, August 25th ; 
and the proceeidings of the Association commence 
on the following Monday, the 27th. 

NEW ART OP SUN-FAINTING. 

During the late discussions in Paris respecting 
the priority of the discovery of M. Daguerre and 
Mr. Talbot, the name of M. Niepce was incidentally 
mentioned as the person to whom the former was 
indebted for the first idea of fixing the images re- 
presented in a camera obscura. Subsequently, M. 
Niepce's daim to honour has been more fully ad- 
mitted ; and this has been confirmed by Mr. Bauer, 
in a letter published in the Literary Gazette. Mr. 
Bauer states, that, in 1827, he became acquainted 
with M. Niepce, then on a visit to his brother at 
Kew ; that M. Niepce made known to him, and 
others, that he had discovered a means of '* fixing, 
permanentiy, the image of any object by the spon- 
taneous action of light," and exhibited several 
specimens. That, by the advice of Mr. Bauer, he, 
M. Niepce, drew up a memoir on the subject, dated 
8th December, 1827, which he forwarded to the 
Royal Society, but which was subsequently returned, 
because it is contrary to the rules of the Society to 
read a paper referring to a process which is not dis- 
closed. That shortly after, and when about to return 



to France, M. Niepce presented Mr. Bauer with 
specimens of the newly-discovered art, which are 
now in bis possession. Thus then, the question of 
prioritv, as between England and France, is settled 
beyond all dispute. The most curious fact, in re- 
lation to this discovery, remains to be told. It 
would appear, considering the character of the 
pictures, all but impossible that impressions from 
them could be multiplied after the manner of an 
engraving ; M. Daguerre, indeed, stated that it was 
impossible Yet, in 1827, M. Niepce not only de- 
clu*ed that it was possible, but produced specimens 
of such multiplied copies : and Mr. Bauer has now 
in his possession, not only copies of eng^vings, 
fixed permanently by the action of light ; not only 
scenes from nature, hut metallic plates engrated, 
and engramngs copied from them: and he under- 
stood and believed that no engraving tool was used, 
but that the drawings were fixed by the action of 
light, and the plates subsequently engraved by a 
chemical process, discovered by M. Niepce, If 
so, the greatest secret of all remains to be made 
public. 

GENIUS IN DISTRESS. 

The following advertisement lately appeared in 
one of the daily papers : — '* An artist and author, of 
twenty years' experience, solicits the aid of the 
benevolent. He has written 30,000 lines of original 
composition in English verse, and never gained 
a shilling; twelve tragedies, and two comedies, 
of which he ofiered the best to Dniry Lane and 
Covent Garden. He published in 1830, at the cost 
of 40/., a poetical volume, sent copies to all the 
yniversities, and sold the rest for 1/. 7s. as waste 
paper. Being now arrived at destitution, he pro- 
poses to relieve himself by publishing another 
volume, consisting of an heroic poem, satire, essays, 
ballads, &c." 

THE NATIONAL GALLERY. 

The Chancellor of the Exchequer has authorised 
the purchase of three or four of the finest pictures 
in the collection of Mr. Beckford, including the 
' St. Catherine' of Raphael. . It was formerly the 
chief attraction of the famous Aldobrandini Palace. 
When the French, during the revolution, were ad- 
vancing upon Rome, it was disposed of by the family 
to Lord Northwick, through the agency of Mr. Day; 
together with * Christ and the Doctors,' by Leo- 
nardo da Vinci, and the * Christ and St. Peter' of 
Caracci — both, now, in the National collection* 
While in the possession of Lord Northwick, it was 
engraved by the Chevidier Deanoyersi in 1824* 



r 



TO SUBSCRIBERS AND CORRESPONDENTS. 



239 



His Lonbhip afterwards transferred it to Mr. 
Beckford. The Nation is to pay for it 3500 
guineas. 

DRAWINGS FROM THE LOUVRE. 

A Series of Original Drawings, after the most 
celebrated pictures in the Louvre, during the dynasty 
of Napoleon, from which the engravings were made 
for the splendid work — the *Mu8^e Royal,' are about 
to be exhibited at the establishment of Messrs. 
Hodgson and Graves. 

UNITED SERVICE INSTITUTION. 

The Eighth Anniversary Meeting of the United 
Service Mnseam took place at the Thatched House 
Tavem, on the 2d of March, Sir George Cockbum 
in the chair. It was moved and agreed to, that, 
instead of the name " United Service Museum," 
the name ** United Service Institution*' should be 
adopted in future ; and it was also resolved that 
the rooms of the Institution should be open daily 
from 1 1 A.M. to 5 P.M. in summer, and 4 p.m. in 
winter; and that the library should be open to 
members from 7 to 10 in the evening throughout 
the year. 

DBSTRUCTION OF THE FRENCH DIORAMA. 

About half-past twelve on the morning of the 8th 
of March, cries of " fire' ' were heard on the Boulevard 
St. Martin. M. Daguerre's extensive establishment 
was discovered to be on fire, and the flames had 
already burst through the five windows facing the 
water. Half an hour afterwards, the building fell with 
a crash. The progress of the flames was so rapid, in 
consequence of the combustible nature of the mate- 
rials in the building, that the edifice was entirely 
destroyed. The wind directed the flames towards 
Fanbouig du Temple and la petite Rue des Marais. 



Two houses situated on this side, one of which, six 
stories high, was surmounted by an elegant cornice, 
took fire during the early attempts to afibrd relief. 
About two o'clock, the fire, which was perceptible 
only in parts of the two threatened houses, burst 
out of the roof of one of them, and a fresh white 
smoke was mingled with the enormous greyish 
clouds which were then rising over the ruins of the 
Diorama alone. M. Daguerre*s chambers, in the 
Rue des Marais, were almost entirely destroyed. 
A part of lus movables were, however, saved from 
the ruins, "^rhe paintings which were being ex- 
hibited, were the Sermon, the Temple of Solomon, 
and the ^baulement of the valley of Groldau. They 
are now lost, as well as a new picture which was 
just finished, and on the point of being opened for 
exhibition. This disaster will, in all probability, 
affect the exhibition of our own Diorama in the 
Regent's Park. 

BRITISH ENGRAVERS. 

An Institute of British Engravers is about to be 
established, the primary steps having been taken 
for that purpose. A royal charter of incorporation 
is expected to be obtaiueJ. 

LITERATURE AND ART. 

According to the Supplement to Bent's Monthly 
Literary Advertiser for 1838, which contains Alpha- 
betical Usts of the New Books and Engravings 
published in London during last year, there appears 
an increase of New Publications, the Number of 
Books amounting to 1550, (1850 volumes,) exclusive 
of New Editions, Pamphlets, or Periodicals, being 
1 70 more than in 1 837 . The number of Engravings 
is 87, (including 35 Portraits,) 16 of which are en- 
graved in the Line manner, 41 in Mezzotinto, 41 
in Aquatint, and 16 in Chalk, Lithography, &c. 



TO SUBSCRIBERS AND CORRESPONDENTS. 



In acknowledging the kind and flattering notices, 
ahnost innumerable, which have reached us from 
our metropolitan and provincial contemporaries, we 
beg to remark, that several of our friends have in- 
advertently fallen into error respecting our papers 
On the Fate qf Louie XV 11, Some have spoken of 
them, as " a very pretty romance ;" others, as " an 
able digest of what transpired at the Police Offices, 
&c., on the subject of the Duke of Normandy." 
We can assure them, our readers, and the public 
generally, that they are neither one nor the other ; 
that, instead of their constituting a romance^ they 
present a tale of truth; and that they bear not the 
slightest reference, directly or indirectly, to any 
thing that ever passed at any of the Police Offices. 
The fects— the important factSf we must call them 
—are derived from sourcesEXCLUSivELY our own. 
The personage proclaiming himself to be the Orphan 
(tfthe Temple, the son of Louis XVI., courts in- 
vestigation : let his case, therefore, be examined : 
if he prove an impostor, let him be subjected to the 
disgrace and infamy that an impostor merits : if, on 
the other hand, he be, as we firmly believe him to 
be, the veritable Louis XVIL, let his country and 
the world do him justice. The attention of the 
reader is requested to the Lietter from the Prince, 
addreeeed to all the Sovereigns of Europe ^ which 
appears at page 195 of the present number of The 



AkUne Magazine, It is not improbable that we 
may next month shed an additional flood of light 
upon this strange and mysterious subject. In 
the interim, we say, read what has been already 
written. 

We have not yet had the honour of receiving the 
Countess of Blessington's Idler in Italy, We have 
not received Mr. Laing's Tour in Sweden, We 
have not received Mrs. Gore's Cabinet Minister, 
We have not received Dr. Smith's Peru, referred 
to by N. R. We have not received Mr. Benson E. 
Hill's Home Service, And that disappointments 
may not occur to our friends, we take leave to say, 
that, unless under very particular circumstances, 
it is not our intention to review any books that do 
not come before us in the usual way, 

WUl Alpha favour us with a sight of his Notes 
on the Progress qf the Social Principle ? 

We feel much obliged for all the attentions of our 
kind friend, E. A. C, at Liverpool. Most happy 
should we be to meet her wish were it practicable ; 
but, to insure the required variety, we are under the 
necessity of excluding aU poetical communications 
of length. On this principle, we have just been 
obliged to return a continuous poem of from 250 to 
300 stanzas. One of E. A. C.'s charming little 
sketches in prose — a powerfully written tale for 
instance— would be highly acceptable. 



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THE 



ALDINE MAGAZINE 



OF 



Biojrrajpl^Pt Baitosrapl)^, €ritisiim, aiiir t^t 9itti* 



Patronage of the arts. 



''Th9 enobiiragement extended to the genius of a single living artist in the higher classes of 
art^ though it may produce hut one original work, adds more to the celehrity of a people than all the 
collections of accumulated foreign productions." Reynolds. 

''What expense can be more gracious-^mol^ hecoming^^nioi^ t)Ot>tilat? can tend moi?e 
directly 'to bless him that giveth and him who receiveth/ than that which is directed to adorn and 
digniff our countoy, — ^which does honour to her yalour and her virtue, — ^wluch calls forth the 
energies of her genius, and directs them to the celebration of her fame ? " Shbb^ 



As the Royal Academy's aniiual season of 
Exhibition will commence a few days after 
the publication of the present number of 
The Aldikb Magazine, we are not aware 
of any better mode in which we can occupy 
three or four of its pages than by devoting 
them to a subject of great national interest. 
We the more readily determine thus to de- 
vote them, because an ignorant, reckless, 
and profligate spirit of pseudo-criticism has 
long been abroad ; a spirit which, vdth refe- 
rence to the fine arts, and to the asserted 
influence of the Royal Academy over those 
arts and their professors, is ever, like its 
prototjrpe, the Prince of Darkness, roaming 
about,. and seeking whom it may devour. 

What are the main objects of the Royal 
Academy ?— If to excite a spirit of emula- 
tion and competition be to open the broad 
path to excellence, the retrospect of a mo- 
ment ought to satisfy the most sceptical, 
that the Royal Academy (for the foundation 
of which the nation is indebted to the grand- 
father of Her Majesty, Victoria,) has ac- 
complished this desirable object, to an ex- 
tent that could never have been anticipated. 
What did the Association of Artists, in 
existence seventy or eighty years ago, 
achieve ? Nothing. It could heurdly fill a 
moderate sized room with pictures for its 
annual exhibition. Eight years afterwards 
— ^in 1768, scarcely more than seventy years 
ago — His Majesty, George III. was pleased 
to sanction and patronise a plan for the estab- 
lishment of a Royal Academy. From that 

VOL. I. MAT, 1839. 



time, the institution has uniformly been, 
and continues to be, in a progressively 
flourishing state. It affords every requisite 
faciHty to youthful aspirants at home — ^it 
enables them to pursue their studies abroad ; 
and we not only beHeve, but know^ that it 
beneyolently appropriates its surplus funds 
to the relief of unfortunate and decayed 
artists and their families. One instance — 
the case of the late Mr. Rossi, the sculptor, 
—of the latter description was placed upon 
record by us, no longer than a month since. 
The number of subjects — productions of art 
— ^which the Royal Academy annually exhi- 
bits, averages from twelve to fourteen hun- 
dred ; thus opening a rich source of grati- 
fication to the public, and of fame and 
profit of the artists. What emulation has 
not this excited ? Besides chance exhibi- 
tions, the production and property of indi- 
viduals, which of late years have been both 
numerous and important* four distinct 
national establishments may be said to have 
arisen out of the Royal Academy : the Bri- 
tish Institution, in Pall Mall, to which, as 
forming an admirable school for design and 
colouring, through its yearly assemblage of 
the productions of the old masters, as well 
as an annual exhibition and sale of the 
works of native artists, we lately noticed ; * 
the Society of British Artists, in Suffolk 
Street ; — the Society of Painters in Water 
Colours, in Pall Mall East ; — and the New 



* Vide pp. 188 and 237. 
z 



-1 •_ 



242 



PATRONAGE OF THE ARTS 



Society of Painters in Water Colours, in PaU 
Mall. Moreover, there are similar establish- 
ments in Edinburgh, Leeds, Bristol, Nor- 
wich, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, 
and several other provincial towns ; not one 
of which would have been in existence, had it 
been practicable for Somerset House to con- 
tain, and to display to advantage, all, the pic- 
tures that were annually transmitted for the 
enrichment of its walls. And yet the cry is 
— " The Academy has done nqthing ! " And 
yet the cry is — ** There is no encourage- 
ment to painters — at least, to historic pain- 
ters." — ^Why, if artists will devote two or 
three years at a stretch to the production of 
single pictures, twenty or thirty feet square, 
and are then unable to find patrons with 
purees weighty enough to reward them for 
their labours, or with mansions sufficiently 
large for their reception — is the Academy 
to blame ? Haydon's assertion is correct, 
that historic painting can never be ade- 
quately patronised in this country, unless 
our churches and other public buildings 
become privileged receptacles of works of 
art ; for, as it has been well observed, the 
painter, or the sculptor, cannot execute 
works to rank with those of the Vatican or 
the Parthenon, unless a Vatican or a Par- 
thenon be given him by patronage to adorn. 
Sir.M. A. Shee, the enlightened and accom- 
plished president of the Royal Academy, 
well understood this, when, more than 
thirty years ago, he thus expressed him- 
self : — 



(( 



It is a mistake unworthy of an enhghtened 
government, to conceive that the arts, left to 
the influence of ordinary events, turned loose 
upon society, to fight and scramble, in the rude 
and revolting contest of coarser occupations, 
con ever arrive at that perfection which con- 
tributes so materially to the permanent glory of 
a state. 

" This is the true handicraft; consideration of 
the subject — ^the warehouse wisdom of a dealer 
and chapman, who would make the artist a 
manufacturer, and measure his works by the 
yard. The arts treated commercially, — in- 
trusted to that vulgar and inadequate impres- 
sion of their importance, which is to be fouiid 
in the mass of society, never did, and never can 
flourish in any country. The principle of trade, 
and the principle of the arts, are not only dis- 
similar, but incompatible. Profit is the impel- 
ling power of the one — ^praise^ of the otner. 
Employment is the pabulum vita of the first — 
encouragement, of the last. These terms are 
synonymous in the ordinary avocations of life ; 
but in the pursuits of taste and genius, they 
differ as widely in meaning as coldness from 



kindness — as the sordid commerce of mechanicis 
from the hberal intercourse of gentlemen. 

" Wherever the fine arts have been carried to 
any extraordinary degree of perfection, we find 
these observations corroborated. Amongst the 
ancients or the modems, in Greece, in Italy, or 
in France under Louis XIV., it was neither the 
agency of the commercial spirit, nor even the 
more congenial operation oi private patronage, 
that kindled those hghts of genius which irradi^ 
ate with such splendour the hemisphere of 
Taste. The spark was struck by a collinon 
more exalted. — ^The impulse was given from 
above — ^from all that was powerful in the statBy 
respecting all that was ingenious in the time; 
attending with sohcitude to the birth of Abihiy, 
fosterine and invigorating the first stru^les of 
his weakness, — stimulating and rewardmg the 
utmost exertions of his strength-— setting an 
example of homage to Genius which rescued 
him nrom the ever ready contumely of vtilgar 
greatness, and taught him to respect himself. 

^' Noble and national objects are not to be 
effected by common and contracted means : the 
stimulus must ever be in proportion to the ex- 
ertion required ; and they must be themselves 
honoured, who are expected to do honour to 
their country. What results can be looked for, 
from the desponding struggles of genius in a 
state which shews such disregard to the cultiva- 
tion of her arts, as not to employ a thought on 
their influence, or even hazard an experiment 
for their protection." 

Further : — 

'' It is the poUcy of a great nation to be 
hberal and magnificent; to be free of her re 
wards, splendid in her estabhshments^ and gor^ 
geous in her pubHc works. These are not the 
expenses that sap and mine the foundations of 
pubhc prosperity ; that break in upon the capi- 
tal, or lay waste the income of a state : they 
may be said to arise in her most enlightenea 
views of general advantage ; to be amongst her 
best and niost profitable speculations : they pro- 
duce large returns of respect and consideration 
from our neighbours and competitors — of patri- 
otic exultation amongst ourselves; they make 
men proud of their country, and from pnding in 
it — ^prompt in its defence : they play upon all 
the chords of generous feeling — elevate us above 
the animal and the machine, and make us tri« 
umph in the powers and attributes of man. 

" The examples of her taste and genius^ — ^the 
monuments of her power and glory — all the 
memorials of her magnificence, are, to a great 
state, what his dress and equipage are to a great 
man, — ^necessary to his rank and becoming his' 
dignity ; but amongst the more trifling charges 
of his establishment." 

Animated, as it might have been pre- 
sumed, by the spirit of his royal father, 
scarcely had his late Majesty, William IV., 
commenced his reign, than he was pleased 



PATRONAGE OF THE ARTS. 



^43 



to transmit a most gracious message to the 
Pre^dent of the Royal Academy, inquiring 
by what means he could best promote the 
interests of the fine arts. This message, 
nobly and generoody intended, proved tiie 
UHfsin to arouse the '* liberal*' worthies of 
the age — ^to induce them to revive the out- 
cry against all incorporated societies — and 
more especially to assemble a host of dis- 
appoint^ artists, critics, and would-be- 
critics, for the purpose of assailing — or 
xatker of assaulting — ^the Royal Academy, 
its president, its council, and its members. 
Jt was boldly- asserted, by those liberal- 
minded sages, that that establishment was 
corrupt in its constitution, in its patronage, 
and in its general conduct; consequently, 
that, so far from having advanced, it had 
esscntiaUy retarded the progress of the fine 
arts — ^particularly in the branch of historic 
painting, towards the encouragement of 
which the king's message was understood to 
bear pointed reference. 

If we mistake not, much of the absurdity, 
and the falsehood, not to say malignity of 
this, has been already shewn by implication. 
The Royal Academy, instead of having done 
less, has achieved infinitely more than could, 
\vith reason be expected. 

It was broadly insinuated — and in *a 
quarter whence a greater shew of good 
sense, liberality, and sound information 
ought to have emanated — ^that the Academy, 
as an exclusive party of artists, managed all 
the concerns of art ; a principle which was 
in itself objectionable, since every individual 
must have personal and private interests 
opposed to those of the profession as a mass. 
Bat in what sense can the Royal Academy 
be said to manage all the concerns of art ? 
The best answer to this question will be 
found in the very existence of the respective 
societies we have named — the British Insti- 
hition, 8cc. 

Further : — " There ought unquestionably 
to be a fair proportion of eligible persons 
unconnected with the practice of any of the 
arts (sculpture, architecture, painting, en- 
graving,) upon the council of the Academy, 
where their mere presence would lead to 
Justice bemg done to the numerous, and 
often most accomplished, aspirants who 
were not academicians." We should like 
amazingly to be informed, where such eli- 
gible persons are to be found, and by what 
means they may have acquired their eligi- 
bility. Are they to be sought for amongst 



the *' committees of Taste " (! !j to which 
the plans and models for our new houses of 
parliament, our Wellington and Nelson me- 
morials, have been referred ?•— We pause for 
a reply. Another serious charge was in- 
ferentially made : — " In the annual e^ibi- 
tions it is too much to expect that an artist, 
who has the power of choosing ^vourable 
places for his own productions, will volun- 
tarily yield them up to some other claimant 
who is not of the pale, and throw himself 
into the back-ground ;" and •* thus," it was 
added, " there is no season in which we are 
not inundated with complaints on this sub- 
ject." However, since the opening of the 
mock Temple of the Arts, at Charing Gross, 
for the purposes of the Academy, these 
complaints, groundless as in most instances 
they were, have died a natural death ; for, 
by some lucky architectural chance, in 
Mr. Wilkins's baby-house structure, light, 
and tolerably favourable place, are allotted 
to all. But the academicians have not the 
power, nor ever had — ^not even the council 
— ^not even the president himself — of choos- 
ing " favourable places" for their " own pro- 
ductions." If they had, we should not 
have heard the grumbling which has some- 
times met our ears, from the academicians 
themselves. Some of oilr readers may pro- 
bably recollect the chagrin and dissatisfac- 
tion which, several years ago,' were ex- 
pressed at the exhibition of Sir Thomas 
Lawrence's celebrated picture of Mr. Lamb- 
ton's (now Lord Durham) son in the Sdiool 
of Painting. Had Sir Thomas possessed 
the choice of place, he would, as a matter 
of course, have had the picture hung, where 
its merit entitled it to be hung, in the great 
room, and not in the School of Painting. 
On the other hand, we have repeatedly 
known instances of academicians withdraw- 
ing one or two from their own complement 
of paintings to make room for the produc- 
tions of non-academicians. 

Further : — " Another part of tke exist- 
ing mode is perhaps still more objection- 
able; we allude to the members of the 
Academy being allowed to paint on their 
pictures after they are hung up. Every 
one at all acquainted with the nature of the 
art knows, that is the making our exhibi- 
tion rooms mere patch- work, where pictures 
of intrinsic excellence are completely de- 
stroyed by the overwhelming glare of their 
neighboiu's, wrought up to the requisite 
pitch of gilding and colour. Nothing can be 



244 



PATRONAGE OF THE ARTS. 



more unfair, than this ; and we have often 
been astonished when we saw pictures when 
the show was over, and found, on examina- 
nation, that its brilliant ornaments were 
daubs, and some of its obscured and un- 
noticed performances honours to theEnglisl^ 
school." 

Admitting the premises to be correct, 
the argument is fair, though somewhat me- 
retriciously expressed ; but, as the former 
hiappen to be founded in error, the latter 
falls helplessly to the groimd. ' On this 
point the academicians do not possess an ex- 
clusive privilege. What the practice, or 
rule, might be in the days of Sir Thomas 
Lawrence and his predecessors in the aca- 
demic chair, we know not; but we do 
know that such is .not the practice or the 
rule now, nor has it been since the holding 
of the presidentship by Sir M. A. Shee. 

Immense is the quantity of nonsense 
yearly, quarterly, monthly, weekly, daily, 
hourly, poured forth in the shape of criticism 
on new books ; but immense as is that mass, 
it is only as a drop in the ocean compared 
with what we are condemned to meet with 
relative to works of art. That Lord Byron 
thought lightly of the Elgin marbles said 
little for his tajste. In fact, poet as he was, 
he had no true taste for t^e arts. The 
truth of this position is abundantly shewn 
in Lady Blessington's admirable volume of 
f* Conversations with Lord Byron,'* and in 
her ladyship's more recent work, *' The Idler 
in Italy," Bjrron, however, adhered pretty- 
closely to the maxim j ne sutor ultra crepidam, 
and rarely, very rarely, affected to play the 
critio. 

Had the purtist to bear up only against 
the tide of ignorance, he might make tole- 
rable way ; but when, as is too frequently 
the case, consummate ignorance is combined 
with consummate malignity, the odds are 
fearfuL Hundreds of instances could we 
indicate, in which the pretending critic, 
without the slightest knowledge of the prin- 
cijAes of art— without the fedntest scintilla- 
tion of genuine taste^— without a particle of 
solid judgnient-r-has dared to pronoimce the 
awful sentence of condemnation on works of 
sterling merit ; has yet more basely dared to 
pronounce that sentence for the gratification 
of me4n personal pique, or even for the sake 
of turning his period with aii epigrammatic 
point. Do these pompous and conceited 
fimateur$ sans amour — these connoisseurs sans 
connoisance — or rather, these creiatures with- 



out hearts, souls, or minds-^hese coinmoct 
pests of society — ever have their momentd 
of reflection ? Does it ever occur to tiieoa 
that, by a dash of their pen, they may «tab 
a man of worth and genius to the heart f 
But what are the ruined hopes, the blighted 
prospects, the destruction of health and for- 
tune, fame and family, to t^em ? They are 
critics I 

To return to the subject of patronage. — 
The rage, thank Heaven ! for c(^ecting okl 
pictures — merely because they happen to 
be works, or presumed works, of the ancient 
masters — ^to the neglect of native talent, has 
in a great measure subsided. By the true 
connoisseur, by the true patriot, it ought 
long since to have been scouted. 

'* Shame on the man, whate'er his rank or state. 
Scorn of the good, and scandal of the great ; 
Who callous, cold, with false fastidious eye. 
The talents of his country can decry ; 
Can see unmoved her struggling genius rise. 
Repress the flight, and intercept the prize. 
Profuse of &me to art's past eflbrta roam. 
And leave unhonouredhumbleworl^athome."* 

It is, however, for the historic and poetk; 
departments of painting that patronage is 
especially required. How is it to be obtained ? 
The council of the Royal Academy will, we 
hope and trust, be able to furnish a satisfieu;- 
tory answer to this question. Patronage is 
essential in every department of the art. It 
cannot create genius; but it may foster, 
promote, and reward it ; it may prevent it 
from sinking into obscurity and oblivion— ^ 
into utter annihilation. If due patronage 
were accorded to the higher branches of art, 
would such men as Howard, Wilkie, Etty, 
Pickersgill, and others, with all their lofty, 
poetic, and sublime imaginings, wear out 
their lives and sacrifice ^eir noblest ener- 
gies in portrait-painting ? 

It is gratifying to observe, that, to a cer« 
tain extent, her present Majesty has evinced 
a disposition eminently favourable to the ad- 
vancement of the fine arts. The circum* 
stance of her coronation has given birth to 
several paintings of historic character : Wil-> 
kie's picture of the Queen at her First Coun- 
cil'; a view of the Coronation, by the poeti- 
cally imaginative Martin ; another picture of 
the Coronation, by Leslie; a fomrth by 
George Hayter, whose painting of the Tried 
of Lord William Russell, in which the 

figure of Lady Rachel alone was worth a 

■ - ■ ' ■ ■ . . . .1 . ■ . ■ , ■ I fi 

* Shsb's Rhym^ on Art, 



PATRONAGE OP THE ARTS. 



245 



idsg'^ mnsom, must be in tiie recoUecticni 
of evQiy lover- of the arts ; and a fifth, 
ju«t finished by Parris, rq>resenting the 
coconation at the moment when the Arch- 
bishop of Canterbury is in the act of 
placing the crown upon her Majesty's head. 
The last of these, constituting a close and 
accurate representation of an important and 
imposing national solemnity, will, super- 
added to. its mere pic^rial merit, be ex- 
tremely valuable in our own day, and also 
in the estimation of posterity, from its nu* 
merous (nearly eighty) portraits of our no- 
bility. In contemplating its lovely and 
magnificent groups, the foreigner will yield 
the homage of the eye and of the mind to 
the superiority of female beauty in Bri- 
tain ; whilst the Englishman will, in his 
gaze, grow prouder in the very name, through 
the consciousness that he is of the same 
noble stock : his pulse will beat quicker in 
the thrilling thought that he is nationally 
allied to the fairest and the finest, the love- 
liest, the best, the most glorious of heaven's 
creatures — that the same rich blood which 
circulates through their veins animates his 
Qwn heart of hearts ! Were the production 
tp be regarded in this point of view alone, 
Pairis has done immortal honour to his 
country.* 

Once more to our immediate theme, 
though the digression may well be pardoned 
for the sake of its subject.-^Influenced by 
that generous and munificent spirit which 
mostly characterized his actions, the Em- 
peror Alexander of Russia, in the early part 
of his reign, not only increased the salaries 
of the professors of painting, and of other 
persons employed in the Academy, but ap- 
propriated, for the maintenance of the insti- 
tution, the annual sum of 146,000 roubles 
(about £30,000. sterlmg) instead of 60,000, 
previously assigned for that purpose. He 
also added the yearly sum of 10,000 roubles, 
for the compensation of artists whose works 
should be adjudged worthy of adorning the 
public buildings of the empire. Nor did the 
sovereign's liberality and noble«mindednes5 
end even here ; for, as a distinguishing ac- 

* Hayter's picture is understood to be on a 
large scale. Martin's also, is v^ry large, iiot 
less than eight feet in height. The figures, how- 
ever, are mentioned as not being more than six 
inches in height : it may therefore be presumed 
that every thmg wiU be rendered subordinate to 
erand architectural effect — a style to which 
Martin's genius seems naturally to lead him. 



knowledgment and reward of talent, he was 
pleased to confer upon several members of 
the Academy the insignia of various orders 
of the state. 

This was one -feature in the reign of the 
emperor Alexander that we should be most 
happy to see adopted in that of Her Majesty, 
Victoria, of Britain. It is true that two or 
three of the presidents of the Royal Aca- 
demy have been knighted — ^five or six artists, 
we believe, have been knighted in the course 
of seventy or eighty years ! But it is not 
an increase of numbers alone that would 
prove beneficial — that would render the 
honour desirable. We wish to see the ban- 
ner of knighthood ** with a diflFerence," as 
the heralds' would phrase it. So far as the 
army and the navy were concerned, this 
long-entertained wish was graciously at- 
tended to in the reign of George IV. Might 
not the distinction be extended, with advan- 
tage, to the literati, to artists, to members 
of all the liberal professions — ^more particu- 
larly to those who, by the nature of their 
pursuits, are precluded from making their 
way to the higher honours of the state ? 
Orders of Merit, strictly so designated, are 
eminently desirable— eminently gratifying 
to those who may obtain them. And surely 
it is desirable, also, that when the honour of 
knighthood is graciously conferred by the 
Sovereign, the gentleman— -the professional 
loan — should be distinguished from the gro- 
cer or the chandler, who may chance to 
have the sword laid across his shoulders for 
the important service of carrying up to the 
throne some insignificant address from some 
insignificant corporation. 

On the other hand, although pecuniary 
grants might occasionally be acceptable — 
although premiums, prize-medals, and the 
endowment of professorships might be yet 
more extensively beneficial — it is not by 
rendering the members of a liberal and 
honourable profession pensioners of the 
state, that the arts can be effectually pro- 
moted. No ; this is not the patronage most 
required. " In affording protection to the 
arts of architecture, painting, and sculpture, 
which then began to revive in Italy," ob- 
serves Roscoe, in his Life of Lorenzo de 
Medici, •* Cosmo set the great example to 
those who, by their rank and their riches, 
could alone afford them efiFectual aid. The 
countenance shewn by him to those arts was 
not of that kind which their professors ge- 
nerally experience from the great ; it was 



246 



PATRONAGE OF THE ARTS. 



not conceded as a bounty, nor received as 
a favour, but appeared in the friendship and 
equality that subsisted between the artist 
and his patron." 

There could be no surer mode than this 
for creating a demand for historic and poetic 
pictures. Let but a demand for such sub- 
jects be created, and quality, as well as 
number and quantity, would be abundantly 
forthcoming ; for then the labourer, certain 
of his reward, would call his proudest powers 
into action. 

With reference to districts, societies, 
corporate bodies, &c., were every undeco- 
rated church in the kingdom to give a com- 
mission for an altar-piece, in proportion to 
its means of compensation — were every 
county, city, town, and borough — every 
corporate body and public institution of note, 
to follow the exciting example, by ordering 
a historic picture for its hall or councU 
chamber, what a world of genius would be 
elicited — ^to what an incalculable extent 
would the country be enriched — how splen- 
didly, how enviably, would the insph'ed 
artist be patronized and rewarded ! 



The city of Paris, be it remembered, has. 
for all her national productions of the fine 
arts, oil-painting, water colours, crayons, 
architecture, sculpture, porcelain-painting, 
engraving, &c., only one grand annual ex- 
hibition, that of the Louvre, now open. 
London, on the other hand (we say nothing 
of the provinces), has at least five annucd 
exhibitions ; the Royal Academy, the Bri- 
tish Institution, the Society of British Ar- 
tists, and the two Water Colour Societies. 
This year the Louvre exhibits a catalogue of 
2404 subjects ; a number startling at the 
first glance, yet regarded comparatively 
small. The average annual number of sub- 
jects exhibited at the Royal Academy may 
be taken at 1 300 ; at each of the other in- 
stitutions, from 400 to 500. Thus, taking 
the lower number, we find an annual aggre- 
gate of no less than 2900 ; or, in round 
numbers, 3000. 

The French boast of the superiority of their 
* ' School of Design." Griving them credit for 
some superiority of drawing, a superiority 
which we ought not to suffer them any longer 
to enjoy, we may remark, en passant, that 
though they have much manner, they cannot 
yet be said to possess a school of painting. 
In this respect they are evidently behind the 
English: yet in the historic department 



their artists are more aspiring than ours, and 
their productions more numerous. On the 
other hand, we leave them at an immeasur- 
able distance in landscape, in portrait, and 
in animal painting. 

We have yet a few words to say with re- 
ference to our own approaching Royal Aca- 
demy exhibition, which commences on Mon- 
day, the 6th of May. Excepting a few 
Bubjecte. with the «ight of which we have 
been favoured in the artists' atteliers, we can 
report only from hearsay. We know, how- 
ever, that Sir David Wilkie has a large, 
splendid, and powerful picture, upon which 
he has been engaged some years ; its sub- 
ject, the finding of the body of 'Hppoo Saib, 
after the storming of Seringapatam, in the 
sally-port gate where he fell. As yet, we 
believe, this is the only monument in exist- 
ence to the memory of General Sir David 
Baird : it was ordered several years ago by 
Lady Bfdrd, his wife. 

Pickersgill has whole length portraits of 
— Miss Pardee; the Duke of Somerset; 
the Hon. Mount Stuart Elphinstone, for the 
Oriental Club ; and — Masterman, Esq., 
an ofiicer of the Life Guards; with por- 
traits, of the usual size, of X^ord L3aidhur8t, 
Thomas Bucknall Estcourt, Esq., and Lee 
Warner, Esq. 

We were informed, some weeks ago, that 
her Majesty had commissioned Edwin Land- 
seer to paint a representation of Van Am- 
burgh and his lions, &c., as they were seen 
at Drury Lane Theatre. The picture is 
finished, and is expected to be in the exhi- 
bition. 

Hart, one of the most rising artists of the 
day, has a large painting of the execution of 
Lady Jane Grey, the figures in which are of 
the size of life. 

Pickersgill's portrait of Miss Pardoe, the 
spirited and highly- gifted oriental traveller, 
we have seen; and we venture to predict 
that it will prove one of the stars of the ex- 
hibition. Indeed, we should not hesitate 
to pronounce it the first picture of its class 
that Pickersgill ever painted. With all the 
fidelity of portrait, it combines all the ele- 
gance and refinement of poetry. The 
composition, with its accessories, is good. 
In the costume, which is eastern, the cast- 
ing of the drapery is broad, notwithstanding 
its complicated character : all is rich, warm, 
glowing, gorgeous — yet without the slight- 
est approximation to the tawdry or the me* 
retricious. 6 



MOORISH BALLADS. 

No* n. 

THE DEATH OF ALI ATAR I 

The banks of the Xenil are covered with bloody 
But what is War's game to the foam of the flood? 
Man and his passions may slaughter and slay^ 
The fresh flowing waters, oh ! what care they? 
The sunshine is on them, they sparkle along. 
They murmur at eve to the mghtingale's song; 
All pure in their beauty, like childhood's flrst tears, 
They feel not man's anguish, his hatred, or fears. 

The waves of the Xenil are crimson with gore> 

The death-struggle's fierce 'tween the Christian and Moor; 

And turbans are rent, and the helmet is cleft; 

The warrior of hfe, not of fame is bereft ; 

For valour is virtue, and virtue is fame. 

Be the arm of the striker but sinless of shame ; 

And bis banner that soars shall as proudly fall down 

As the victor's that flames in its haughty renown* 

The waves of the Xenil in wrath are upcurled, 
The Moor by the Christian is into them hurled; 
The rider is struggling within the dark wave. 
The dead war-horse floats to its far ocean grave ; 
The death cries are wild, and the slain are strewn fast. 
The fierceness of hatred fights stem to the last* 
Whose sword is the keenest, whose spear is most bright? 
Don Alonzo d' Aguilar ! thou'rt chief of the fight. 






By the god of my fathers, the beard of my strength, 
Don Alonzo d' Aguilar, well meet we at len^h : 
By the shrine of our Prophet, I've sought thee afieu'. 
And hurl thee the vengeance of All Atar !" 

With quivering hatred the spear-wnUh of fire 

He flung in the fury of envy and ire ; 

The demon of brightness went forward beguiled^ 

But harmlessly fefi as the wrath of a child. 

Two keen swords are gleaming with sava^ delight. 
The anger of death turns them red in theur mi^t ; 
Sternly unquailing, they grapple, they reel. 
The Moor chief grows faint from the thirst of the steel : 
" Yield, yield thee. Sir Moor Chief! thy life be the loss I" 
" To thee will I yield not. Sir Chief of the Cross !" 
" Then die, thou dark pagan !" He spoke not in vain — 
The sword of the Chrisitan sank deep m his brain. 

The stars are in heaven, the moon is on high. 

Nought's heard save the wounded or breeze Sweeping by ; 

Nought's heard save the Xenil's white waves rollmg on ; 

Its waters are calm, for the war hour is ^one : 

Unconscious and sinless it flows in its pnde,^ 

The fury of man is immersed in its tide ; 

Its musical murmurs still placidly flow. 

Though the swart chief of Loxa lies sleepinr^ below. 

H. C. Di 



ANNALS OF AUTHORS, ARTISTS, BOOKS, AND BOOKSELLERS 



\ 



LETTER XIIL 



ANDREW MILLAR, NOTES OP ROftiN LAWLESS, &c. 



My DlBAB Son, 



Aldine Chamberty Paternoster tiowy April 2, 1839. 



Thb Augustan age of literature has been 
truly said to have revived during the days 
of Addison, Swift, Steele, and Pope, and 
existed in the book-trade during the trium- 
virate of Bernard Lintot, Jacob Tonson, An- 
drew Millar, &c. ; for the Biographical Anec- 
dotes, Literary Notices* and Sketches of 
whom, during the eighteenth and part of 
the nineteenth centuries, the world are in- 
debted to the late John Nichols, F.S.A. 
He has, indeed, snatched many interesting 
objects £rom the wings of Time, in their 
flight to oblivion, and pursued his undevi- 
ating course till a late period of our own 
times. 

Of Andrew Millar, he says — " He was 
not extravagant,*' Dr. Johnson said of him, 
that "He was the patron of literature.** 
No doubt can remam on the truth of both 
of these remarks. Of the former I shall 
relate an incident, as connected with my 
early associations and recollections. 

When I first visited the City of Dublin, 
as a London bookseller, in 1794, in an in- 
terview at old Marchbanks's, (l^e facsimile 
of Dr. Johnson in appearance, and who was 
then preparing his edition of Johnson's 
Dictionary, with additions, in two quarto 
volumes) the conversation turned to Andrew 
Millar, when Millikin (a great dealer in 
Irish tditums of English law books, and 
father of the late Mr. Millikin of that city,) 
exclaimed,— 

'^Ahl that Millar was a strange fellow! 
t often vinted him ; he was partial to my lively 
maimer, which, I suppose, partook a little of 
the Irish character. However, he never asked 
me to dine with him, until one day I met him 
in Fleet Street, when he thus addressed me : — 
' Well, Millikin, you are a pleasant fellow ; will 
you cUne with me to-day?' *With all my 
heart/ said I. ' Well/ said he, ' time is pre- 
cious.' He took me into a pastrycook's shop, 
and we dined heartily off pigeon pies I and 
joked and lauffhed as heartily as though we had 
partaken of tnree courses of the greatest deh- 
cacies I" 



Now for the more extended character of 
Millar, as ftuthfully pourtrayed by Mr< 
Nichols* who truly says, that — 

*' Andrew Millar was literally the artificer of 
his own fortune. By consummate industry and 
a happy train of successive patronage ana con^ 
nexion, he became one of the most eminenl 
booksellers of the eighteenth century. He 
had httle pretensions to learning; but had a 
thorough knowledge of mankind, and a nice 
discrimmation in selecting his Uterary coun-' 
cillors,* amonffst whom it may be sufficient to 
mention the late eminent schoolmaster and 
critic Dr. William Rose, of Chiswick, and the 
late William Strahan^ Esq^ the early firiend 
and associate of Mr. Millar in private hfe, and 



* '' Millar," says Mr. Boswell, " though him-' 
self no great judffe of hterature, had good sense 
enough to have ror his friends very able men to 
give him their opinion and advice in the pur'' 
chase of copyright, the consequence of wiiich 
Was his acquiring a Veiy large fartiiao, with 
great Ubendity." Johnson said of him, '^ I re-^ 
spect Millar, sir; he has raised the price of 
hterature." 

The same praise may be justly given to Panc- 
koucke, the eminent bookseller at Paris. Mr* 
Strahan's hberaUty, judgment, and sueeess are 
well known. Mr. MilW took the prindpol 
charge of conducting the pubUcation of Johu" 
sons Dictionary; and, &s the patienee of the 

Eroprietors was repeatedly tried, and almost ex- 
austed, by expecting the work would be com- 
pleted witmn the time which Johnson had san- 
guinely supposed, the learned author was often 
goaded to dispatch, more especially as he had 
received all the copy-money, by diffenent drafts^ 
a considerable time before he had finished his 
task. When the messenger who carried the 
last sheet to Millar returned, Johnson asked 
him, "Well, what did he say?" "Sir, (an- 
swered the messenger,) he said, ' Thank God, I 
have done with him.' " " I am glad (rephed 
Johnson, with a smile,) that he thfmks God for 
any thing." 

It is remarkable that those with whom John- 
son chiefly contracted for his Uterary labours 
were Scotchmen, Mr. Miller and Mr, Strahan<— ' 
Life of Johnson, 



BOOKS, AND BOOKSELLERS. 



240 



liis partner in many capital adyentnres in 
busing. 

** Mr. Millar had three children^ but they all 
died in their infancy. He was not extravagant ; 
hut contented himself with an occasioiial re«de 
of humble port at an opposite tavern;* so that 
his wealth accnmulated rapidly. He was fortu- 
nate also in his assistants in trade. One of 
these was Mr. Thomas Becket, who afterwards 
colonized into another part of the Strand, in 
partnership with Mr. P. De Hondt, and thence 
transplanted himself, first to the comer of the 
Adelphi, and afterwards to PaU Mall, where he 
resided for many years." 

Mr. Becket was for many years the pub- 
lisher of the " Monthly Review ;" in fact, 
during the greater period of its unrivalled 
success. He has been dead many years, and 
was succeeded in business by Mr. Porter. 
There are few persons who knew Mr. 
Becket but will retain a recollection of his 
eccentric manner of adjusting his wig, 
drawing up his inexpressibles, and antique 
costume, as well as his plain, unassuming, 
honest and upright conduct. 

Mr. Millar's next assistant was Mr. Robin 
Lawless,t a. name fSamiliar to every biblio- 



* It is not improbable but he and Millikin 
retired thither aiiter their pigeon-pie dinner. — 
Ed. 

t ''This diligent and honest servant, who, 
for considerably mors than half a centuiy, had 
been so well known to and much distinguished 
by the notice and regard of many of the most 
eminent literary characters of his time, as one 
of the principal assistants to Mr. Andrew Millar, 
afiterwards to Mr. Alderman Cadell, and finally 
to Messrs. Cadell and Davies, the conductors of 
that extensive business, died at his apartments 
in Dean Street, Soho, June 21, 1806, at the 
advanced age of 82. He was a native of Dublin, 
and related, not veiy distantly, to the respect- 
able and recently ennobled family of that name, 
as well as to the Bamewalls and Aylmers. He 
was a Roman Catholic, and strictly observant of 
the duties and obUgations of his religion. In 
lus character were united the soundest integrity 
of mind, with a simplicitjr of manners rarely 
equalled. His reading had been extensive ; his 
judgment was remarkably correct; his memory 
uncommonly strong; and the anecdotes witn 
which it was stored often afforded gratification 
to his friends, who delighted to draw him into 
conversation. Humble as was his walk in life, 
few men had stronger claims to affectionate 
Begard. A purer spirit never inhabited the 
human bosom. One remarkable instance of his 
singleness of heart we can add on the most in- 
disputable authority. Not very long before 
Mr. Cadell obtained the scarlet gown, on taking 
stock at the end of the year, honest Robin very 



maniac and every bookseller who recollect 
the latter half of the eighteenth century. 



seriously applied to his master to ask a favour 
of him. Mr. Cadell, of course^ expected that it 
was somewhat that might be beneficial to the 
applicant. But great indeed was his surprize 
to fioid that the puzport of the request was, that 
his annual salary might be lowered, as the year's 
account was not so good as the preceding one^ 
and Lawless really reared his master comd not 
afford to pay him such very high wages. On 
retiring mm business, the benevolent master 
had a picture of the faithful servant painted by 
Sir William Beechey, which he always shewed to 
his friends as one of the principal ornaments of 
his drawin^room." 

In addition to this very interesting account of 
Robin, Lawlbss, by Mr. Nichols, I must beg 
to remark, that he was connected with my 
earliest associations in the book trade. When 
I first visited Mr. Cadell's shop to procure 
books at the commencement of the year 1785, 
Mr. Lawless exclaimed, '' I know you, although 
I never saw you before." This to me was para- 
doxical, till he explained — ^he knew me from 
my voice resembhng that of my brother's, who 
conducted business for Evans in 1780! The 
good old man observed, that he hoped we should 
have a fine Sunday, that we hoys were anxious 
for fine Sundays; and he really was, for I often 
met him trotting with his large silk umbrella in 
the midst of sunshine. He further remarked to 
me, that in addition to having Uved so many 
years with Mr. Andrew Millar, and Mr. Thomas 
Cadell, he had previously Uved seventeen years 
with Mary Cooper, bookseller, at the sign of 
the Globe, in Paternoster Row. Millar died in 
1768, and Lawless remained in the establish- 
ment till 1820, (upwards of half a century,) and, 
including his initiation with Mis. Cooper, he 
spent nearly seventy years as a bookseller's as- 
sistant; yet there are few persons now in the 
trade who recollect Robin Lawless, daily un- 
covering his dinner at the rear of the far 
counter, (a custom he insisted on,) with his 
humble pint of porter, whilst his honest proto^ 
type, old John Mitchell, strictly kept guard of 
the front 'till Robin would trot up to answer a 
customer or the bookseller's collector, to whom 
he was a kind of almanack, an index, and parent* 

This reminds me of a similar instance of long 
services and longevity in two old friends of 
mine, who now reside within a few yards of the 
Aldine Magazine Printing Office, These are 
Mr. Benjamin Dobbins and his wife. He is 
eight-four and his wife ninety-four years of age. 
She, in her first husband's time, was extensively 
engaged in two classes of book-binding, the 
very style of which, as well as three eminent 
booksellers, of the well-known establishment 
commenced by the celebrated John Newbery, 
(of Tom Thumb foho notorietv, and as the 
first patron of Ohver Goldsmith,) about seventy 

2 A 



250 



ANNALS OF AUTHORS, ARTISTS, 



Millar's liberality to authors, particularly 
his conduct to Bum, author of the Justice 
of the Peace, and his munificence to Field- 
ing for his "Tom Jones," &c., is well 
known; and Dr. Johnson appears at all 
times to have relied upon his friendship, 
' and* as Mr. Nichols observes, the following 
letter of the Doctor's to lus Mend, Mr. 
Samuel Richardson, the printer, is charac- 
teristic, and of a nature peculiarly affecting. 



M I 



Googh Square, March 1 6, 1 756. 
" Sir, — ^I am obliged to entreat your assist- 
ance; I am now under an arrest for five pounds 
eighteen shillkigs. Mr. Strahan, from whom 
I should have received the necessary help in 
this case, is not at home, and I am afraid of not 
finding Mr. Millar. If you will be so good as 
to send me this sum, I will very gratemlly re- 

riy you, and add it to all former obligations, 
am, sir, your most obedient and most humble 
servant, *' Sam. Johnson.'' 

" Sent six guineas. 

'' Witness, William Richardson." 

[The witness was Mr. Bichardsim's nephew 
and successor in business.] 



years ago, is no more. The second of the tri- 
umvirate, and Newbery's successor, was Thomas 
Caman, of ^ almanack notoriety, in opposing 
the Stationers* CJompany, nearly sixty years 
ago ; and the last were Messrs. Hancock and 
Power, whom I remember to have employed 
Mrs. Dobbins upwards of 50 years since. This 
celebrated house. No. 66, St. Paul's Church 
Yard, was subsequently occupied by Mr. Thomas 
Hurst, bookseller, who disposed of it to the 
Religious Tract Society, who now occupy it with 
adjoining and very extensive premises. 

Mr. Dobbms's style of binding was that of 
what is termed ^' half-bound velmm manner," 
and of " embossed gilt paper work/* in both of 
which the consumption was prodigious; but, 
alas! Mother Bunch, Mother Goose, Goody 
Two-shoes, and Giles Gingerbread, no longer 
appear in their gQt dress of real gold, or Dutch 
metal, or foil. No; the early smiles of the 
present lUHputian race are foiled in this respect; 
and the half-bound green vellum-backed book 
is seldom met with but in an old account book, 
and occasionally a book of roads ! 

Mr. Dobbins was an active assistant with me 
at Evans's in 1789-90, (now a period of fi% 
years,) and from his having arnved to the ad- 
vanced age of eighty-four, and bein^ past em- 
ployment, as well as having his wife hving when 
this article was written, at the advanced age of 
ninety-four, I consider them as persons well 
worthy the notice of the hberal and wealthy 
portion of the booksellers, stationers, and others 
connected with the trade. 



Johnson has dignified the booksellers as 
the " patrons of literature.*' In the case of 
his '* LiTes of the Poets," which drew forth 
that encomium, he >had bargained for 200 
guineas; and the booksellers spontaneously^ 
added a third hundred. 

On this occasion, the great motalist ob- 
served to the late Mr. John Nichols, — "Sir, 
I always said the booksellers -were agene- 
rous set of men ; nor in the present instance 
have I reason to complain. The £sct is not 
that they have paid me too little, but that 
I have written too much/' 

The ** Lives" were soon published' in a 
separate edition ; when, for a very few cor- 
rections, the Doctor was presented with. 
another hundred guineas. 

In 1758, Mr. Millar met with an appren- 
tice congenial to his most ardent wishes; 
who, combining industry with intefiect, 
relieved him in a great measure from the 
toil of superintending an immense con- 
cern. In 1765, he readily admitted hiia 
as his partner; and, in 1767, relinquished tx» 
him the whole business. I need not • add. 
that this was the late worthy and successful 
bookseller, Mr. Alderman Cadell. 

Mr. Millar now retired to a villa at Kew 
Green. He died in the following year, and 
was buried in the cemetery at Chelsea, near 
the King's private road, where Mr. MiDar 
had erected an obelisk over a vault appro- 
priated to his family, where three infant 
children were deposited, and afterwards his 
own remains, and those of his widow, who 
had been< re-married to Sir Ardiibald Grnntf 
Bart., of Monymnsk, Aberdeenshire. 8ha 
died at her house in Pall Mall, October 
25th, 178S, and left many charitable bene- 
factions ; among others, the whole residue 
of her estate (supposed to be, at leasti 
15,000/.) to be disposed of at the discretion 
of her three executors, the Rev. Dr. Trotter* 
Mr. Grant, and Mr. Cadell. 

Andrew Millar died the 8th June, 1T68, 
aged 62 years. 

Yours, my dear Son, 
Ever affectionately. 

An Old BooKSBLi«Ba. 



Mr. and Mrs. Dobbins are a Airther proof. If 
any were wanting, of the salubrity of the City 
of London; for, perhaps, during their long 
lives they never Hved for any length of time 
beyond the sound of Bow bell ! 



BOOKS, AND BOOKSELLERS. 



251 



LETTER XIV. 



THOMAS CADELL, THE REV. SEPTI- 
MUS HODSON, &c. 



AbUne Chambers, Paternoster Rot&, 
London^ April 22, 1839. 

MrDBiyBSdN, 

This amiable and highly re- 
Bpedsed individual has already been mtro- 
diioed, or rather slightly noticed, under the 
article of Andrew Millar, at page 249 ; but 
his feilMal biographer and friend, Mt. John 
Nibhol8> who knew him throughout his de- 
seiv^edly fortunate career, has fiius very cor- 
T«etfy deliiteated his character :-*^ 

*' Mr. Thomas Cadell — a striking instance of 
ibe effects of a strong understanding when 
umted to uBremitting indusby, was W in 
Wine Street, Bristol,* and served an apprentice- 
ship to that eminent bookseUer Andreto Millar, 
tW steady patron of Thompson, Fielding, and 
nsny other eminent authors^ who, by remune- 



* Mr. Thomas Cadell, uncle to the subject of 
the above memoir, was an eminent bookseller in 
Wine Street, Bristol, a centmy ago ; he died 
from the e^cts of a polypus in the nose, and 
^as succeeded iu busmess by an unfbrtmwte 
person of the name of Chew, — an old crarres- 
paadent of Evans's. He was so addicted to 
drinking large portions of the Bristol strong ale 
of that day as to destroy his prospects in trade. 
I recollect his coming so intoxicated to Evans's, 
in Paternoster Row, in 17S5, that the younger 
Brans, by way of rcstoiring him to his senses, 
took him into the yac^ lif^ him up, and pre- 
dnitated the imfortunate man into a cistern, 
wWe I was alarmed at perceiving the poor 
creature smiling up to his chin in water. — 
Joseph Lloyd, a clever bookseller, succeeded 
Chew in Wine Street, and had good prospects ; 
but he mufortunatefy became deranged, and died 
in a private madhouse. 

The following letter of the elder Cadell to 
Xr. Cave,! proprietor of the Gentleman's Maga- 
ane, is worth preserving, as a curious document 
relative to the purchase of a play written by the 
anfortunate Savage, the poet, who died in 
Bristol. 

Bristol, March 17, 1749. 

** Mr. Cave,— ^According to your request, I 
bare purchased Savage's play» and have here 
sent it you, with a receipt inclosed. The per- 
son of whom I purchased the play is a particu- 
lar friend gf nunc : he assures me the play is 
perfect, and never was copied. I hope you wi]l 
tad it to your satisfaction. Please to give my 
aoQount credit fbr the five guineas. 

I am, sir, your humble servant, 
Thomas Cadell. 



rating literary talent with a liberality propor- 
tionate to its merit, distinguished himseu as 
much as the patron of men of letters of that 
day, as Mr. Alderman Boydell did afterwards of 
the arts. Mr. Cadell, in 1767, succeeded to the 
business ; and at an early period of life, was at 
the head of his profession. Introduced by Mr. 
Millar to writers of the first rank in literature, 
who had found in him their best Mscenas — ^to 
Johnson, Hume, Warburton, Hurd, &c., he 
pursued the same commendable track; and, 
acting upon the Hberal principle of his prede- 
cessor in respect to authors, enlarged upon in 
an extent, wnich, at the same time that it did 
honour to his spirit, was well suited to the more 
enlightened period in which he carried on busi- 
ness. In conjunction with the late William 
Strahan, Esq. M.P. for Wotton Bassett, and, 
after his death, with his son Andrew Strahan, 
Es^., M.P. fbr Catherlogh, munificent remune- 
rations were held out to writers of the most 
eminent talents ; and it is owing to the spirit 
and generosity of these eentlemen, that the 
world has been enriched by the masterly la- 
bours of Robertson, Blackstone, Gibbon, Hume, 
Henry, Bum, and numberless others of the 
ablest writers of the age. 

In 1793, Mr. Cadell retired from trade, in 
the frill possession of his health and faculties, 
and vrith an ample fortune, the sole and satis- 
factory fruits of unremitted diligence, spirit, and 
integrity; leaving the business which he had 
established as the first in Great Britian, and 
perhaps in Europe, to Thomas, his only son, 
conjointly with Mr. Davies, who following the 
Alderman's example, preserved the high repu- 
tation acquired from the hberahly, honour, and 
integrity of their predecessors. Accustomed, 
however, frt)m early days to business, and con- 
scious that an idle life was a disgrace to a man 
of clear intellects, sound judgment, and an 
active mind, he, vrith a laudable ambition, 
sought, and most honourably obtained, a seat 
in the magistracy of the City of London, being 
unanimously elected, March 30, 1798, to succeed 
his friend Mr. Gill, as Alderman of Walbrook 
ward. At Midsummer, 1800, a period when 

Earty spirit ran high, he was elected by a very 
onourable majority on a poQ with bis friend, 
Mr. Alderman Perring,^ to the shrievalty of 
London and Middlesex, an ofiice, which, it may 
be said, without disparagement to any other 
gentleman, was never more honourably or more 
splendidly discharged. To a conscientious at- 
tendance on the severe duties of that important 
station (for he was never absent a single Sun- 
day from the chapel of one of the prisons) he 
owed the foundation of that asthmatic complain^ 
which so fatally termiiuited at a period when 
the citizens of London, who justly revered him 
as an independent, humane, and intelligent 
magistrate, anticipated the speedy approach to 
the attainment of the highest civic honours. 
He had dined out on Sunday, and returned in 
the evening to his own house, apparently in as 
good health as usual. In the morning, a Uttle 



259 



ANNALS OF AUTHORS, ARTISTS, 



before one, he rang his bell, and told his aerv- 
ant that he thoueht he was dying. A person 
was immediately dispatched for medical assist- 
ance ; hat before it arrived, the worthy Alder- 
man had expired. He had for some months 
been subject to severe fits of coughing, by the 
effects of one of which fits it is supposed his 
death was occasioned. To the Asylum, whare 
he had loiu" been a valuable treasurer, the 
Foundling Hospital, and various other pubhc 
charities, of which he was an active governor, 
and where his m'esenoe gave animation to their 
proceedings, while his purse liberally aided their 
funds, his loss was great : to a very extensive 
circle of friends (and there are several, as well 
as the writer of this article, who had unbent 
their inmost souls with him for more than forty 
years) it was incalculable. 

*' He was eminently characterized by the rec- 
titude of his judgment, the goodness of his 
heart, the benevofence of his disposition^ and 
the urbanity of his manners ; and whether con- 
sidered in his magisterial character, or in the 
more retired walks of social and domestic life, 
few men could be named so well deserving of 
private veneration or public esteem. One of 
the latest pubUc acts of his life was the pre- 
senting the Company of Stationers, of which he 
had b^n thirty-seven years liveryman, a hand- 
some painted window for the embellishment of 
their hall. 

" By an affectionate wife, who died in Janu- 
ary 1786, he had one son and one daughter, 
both of whom he lived to see united in marriage, 
to his entire satisfaction. He died at his house 
in Bloomsbury Square, in his sixtieth year. 
The Alderman's great success in life is one of 
the niany proofs that this metropolis has for 
years am)rded, that application and industiy, 
when unforseen misfortune and ill-health do 
not intervene, seldom fail to meet with their 
due reward; and, more especially, where those 
necessary qualifications for business are accom- 
panied with a spirit of enterprise unalloyed by 
rashness or want of caution. Mr. Andrew 
Millar, the predecessor of Alderman Cadell, was 
in possession of very humble means when he 
eommenced business, and Hved some years 
facing St. Clement's Church. He died rich, 
and very deservedly, as he was a liberal patron 
of authors. Previous to his time, Lintot and 
the Tonsons were at the head of the bookselling 
trade." 

I was constantly in the habit of going to 
Mr. Cadell's for books from the year 1785 
to 1788, at which period his principal ware- 
houses were in the Savoy, in the Strand, 
where many hundred waggon loads of 
unbound books were deposited. I have 
already noticed n^y first reception from his 
old assistant Robin Lawless, for I was then 
a collector of books to an extensive whole- 
sale establishment (Evans's)^ which at that 



period was a laborious occopation. From 
having to call at every old book shop in 
Holbom, Oxford Street, Bond Street, Pic- 
cadilly, Westminster, the Strand, the se- 
cond-hand books alone frequently produced 
more than a porter's load, which was sent for 
at some given point. On one occasion the 
following conversation occurred between Ro- 
bin Lawless and me : " Well, my lad," said 
he, " you do right to wear your oiled-skin 
hat, and to bring your oiled-sldn bags (one for 
the shoulder, and the other under the arm) ; 
but that load is too heavy for yon. I will 
send part with th^ bookiB ordered by yon 
from our house." "No, sir," replied I; 
" that won't do ; orders waiting for the 
books." «* Ah 1 but," said he, " your uncle 
Crowder, when he lived with Sir James 
Hodges, at the Looking Glass on London 
Bridge, ordered things much better: their 
collection of books round the town was so 
great that they always had two porters 
vrith sacks to call at certain stations and 
carry home the books collected." 

I have often been ready to shed tears in. 
hastening over the greasy flags of the 
Strand and Fleet Street, and panted with a 
load on my shoulder and another under my 
arm when ascending Ludgate Hill, and per-* 
haps rewarded on reaching home with a 
volley of imprecations. 

Such was the state of a wholesale book- 
seller's apprentice and collector half a cen- 
tury ago. Now, calling at less than one- 
half of the number of old book-shops, — and 
all popular works being kept within a cer- 
tain focus — a simple blue bag, of a mode- 
rate size, sufiices to answer all the pmrposes 
of a modem book-collector. 

At the time I have alluded to, Mr. Davies 
was Mr. CadeH's most able, talented, and 
valuable assistant; my brother and Mr. 
Freeborn (Mr. Robert Dodsley's assistant) 
were his earliest companions. Of Mr. 
Davies's friendship and kindness to me I 
shall have much to say when I arrive at the 
firm of Cadell and Davies. 

In taking leave of Alderman Cadell, I 
cannot avoid acknowledging his indulgence 
and kindness to me on his retiring from 
trade, and in his reconmiending his suc- 
cessors to be equally kind. I often wit- 
nessed his animated and gentlemanly de- 
portment when collecting funds at the 
Asylum, which place, about forty years ago, 
was attended and supported by the principal 
nobility and gentry of the metropolis. 



BOOKS, AND BOOKSBLLBRS. 



263 



One rmfortiinate event, bowerer, threw a 
considerable damp and gloom over this ex- 
ceUent institution. One of its reverend and 
most popular preachers, in an infatuated and 
ill-fated moment, committed himself in a 
manner which must have deeply affected 
the noble patrons of the charity and Al- 
derman Cadell, his friend and publisher. 
This person was the Rev. Septimus Hodson, 
formerly of Caius College^ Cambridge. He 
married a relation of Admiral Affleck, and 
obtained, through the interest of the late 
Lord Sandwich, the rectory of Thrapstone, 
Northamptonshire, and became chaplain and 
secietary to the Asylum, and chaplain in or- 
dinary to the Prince of Wales. 

Never shall I forget caUing on the above- 
mentioned gentleman, upwards of forty 
years since, on behalf of a poor countiy 
curate who was anxious to come to London 
on literary pursuits, and to fill the situation 
of assistant reader, then vacant at the 
Asylum. I was introduced to the Rev. Mr. 
Hodson, in his peculiarly neat and hand- 
flome apartments, where his accomplished and 
beantiM wife, and I think the finest family 
of children I ever saw, were partaking of a 
dessert. He politely asked me to putake, 
and pressed me to take wine, which I did ; 
and fi'om his easy and graceful manner, his 
handsome form and figure, and animated 
oonntenance, added to those of his smiling 
cherabs of children, on whom my eyes were 
fixed, I thought I never witnessed so much 
conjugal happiness and domestic felicity in 
my life. He told me, with some degree of 
pomp, that he could not serve my friend, 
who was really an indefatigable and indus- 
trious curate. He performed divine service 
at several churches in and about Saliisbury 
on each Sunday for several years ; he wrote 
and compiled upwards of twenty various 
publications. I published his Naval Ghizet- 
teer in 1796; it cost several hundred 
pounds, and subsequently passed through a 
second edition. 

A very short period elapsed after my 
calling upon the Rev. Mr. Hodson when he 
was hurled from his elevated position, where 
he was admired by multitudes of families of 
the first distinction in the metropolis. Set 
adrift upon the world, with his lovely wife 
and children, as an outcast from society, he 
crossed the great Atlantic, and I never 
heard of him afterwards. Alas ! thought I, 
what a melancholy and sad reverse — ^to be 
dashed at once from the summit of human 



happiness to extreme misery. The situa- 
tion of the poor curate was that of a para- 
dise compared to it. That my readers may 
form some idea of the Rev. Mr. Hodson 
and his labours, I present them with the 
subjoined sketch : — 

" Notwithstanding Mr. Hodson's popularity, 
he appears to have nad some obstacles to eon- 
tend with in Ms outset; for, in a sermon 
preached in the chapel of the Asylum, on Sunday, 
March 29, 1789, he was chained with a pla- 
giarism firom Ogden's Sermons, on which ti^e 
Monthly Review, vol. 80, page 568, thus com- 
ments : ' In an address to the reader, Mr. 
Hodson declares that he should not have pub- 
lished this very humble composition, if he had 
not been charged with plagiarism, which charge 
appears to us to be raise, from this circum- 
stance, viz., that if he had known it to be true, 
he would not have called upon his accusers to 
have proved their accusation.' However, in 
the Monthly Review, vol. 81, page 76, the 
critic retracts from his former opinion in re- 
viewing a pamphlet, entitled " Extracts, in Il- 
lustration of the Probationary Sermon, preached 
at the Asylum ; and an Answer to Mr. Hodson's 
pretended Refutation of the Charge of Planarism, 
b^ an Admirer of (Ogden's) Sermons.' The re- 
viewer remarks : — ' On perusing this pamphlet, 
we have altered our opinion, that the charge of 
plagiarism was unjustly brought against Mr. 
Hodson. Dr. Ogden's Sermons, from which 
these extracts are taken, were not at hand when( 
the article here referred to was drawn up.' 

'' His next sermon was preached on the 25th 
October, 1789, on the anniversary of his late 
Majesty's (George III.) accession to the throne ; 
it was very favourably noticed by the same 
review. 

'' In 1792, a volume of his sermons on the 
state of rehgion in this country was published, 
of which the reviewers also speak favourably, 
but observe, — ' It has long been remarked, as 
a proof of the gloomy temper of our country- 
men, that an Englishman is never better pleased 
than when told uiat his country is ruined. This 
disposition to view every object on the unfavour- 
able side is not confined to the subject of policy. 
tempore / mores / is a lamentation which 
has been repeated in every age, and which is 
still heard, not only within the eloomy walls of 
the cloister and conventicle, but n*om the 
pulpits of our churches and chapels. ■ Mr. Hod- 
son, in these discourses, echoes the complaint ; 
and adopting the tone of a popular tract, 
Hannah More's " Estimate of the Rehgion of 
the Fashionable World," deplores the degene* 
racy of the times.' 

" In the same year (1792) he wrote ' An Ad- 
dress to the diJSerent Classes of Persons in 
Great Britain on the high Price of Provisions,' 
at that period; this pamphlet met with a fa- 
vourable reception, and increased his popularity. 



9M 



TSR SAinOfR'S SON&: 



*' Ifei tile foUcming yesr> 1793, Mr. HodiNm 
preached a sermon at tiie Alfylum agaimt War 
— ^under any cbounutances ; but the critiGi did- 
not aoauit nun so spanngfy as on other oooa- 
sions, tor they remark : — ' Althouirh Mr. Hod- 
M>n dechinu, in rtrong term., a^ wu in 
ffeneral, and thinks it a circumstance which 
forms the most atrocious national crime, and 
invokes the most awfiil national judgments, 
that Christians '^ have not yet beat their swords 
into ploughshares, and their spears into reaping 
hooks;" yet he finds means to exculpate his 
countiy in the instance of the present war, and 
to satisfy himself that the national conscience 
is,, in this case, uiqxdluted. In proof, he 






asaertlB, we have been' fbrced intathe ooiiffict% 
the conduct of our enemies, who iiivadi^ su- 
private property and commenced a war of nlun- 
der. Further to soften the regret which Ofaiifrp 
tians must feel, at die taking up arms even on; 
the greatest provocation, he represents the 
French as a set of wretches, whose daring infi- 
delity, savage ferocity, and Mghtful enormities, 
have even released us ^m the obligations of 
pity. In what xmrt of the benevolent code, 
which requires us to love our enemies, does this 
Christian preacher find the exception, which ift- 
leases him, in any ca»e, from, the ol^gation of 
compassion?" 

Adieu. 



WRITTEN IN THE ALBUM OF A LIVING POET. 



BY MISS PARDOK 



ICmtrel ! diou art to me what the glad* sky 
Is to the gentianella; that pale fiower. 

By raising to heaven's azure vault its eye, 
Driikks the deep blue as its most lovely dower : 

So I, by looking on thy ^owine page, 
Caten faintly its reflection, till I dream 
That I too am a poet — and the dream 

Serves many a passing sorrow to assuage. 



For as Linnieus' daughter, in the mist 
Of evening twilight, saw bright smirks eiadt 

From the nasturtium's golden cnp^ I wist. 
Have I in thy most wkd^ faneies view'd 

Gleams of a bnj^tness which I learn 'mid fii{^ 

If not to emulate, at least to prize. 

Oh ! leave me then my dream — as the glad sun 
Leaves to the flowers the light they live upon ! 



THE SAILOR'S SONG. 



There's a tempest stem low'ring in wrath o'er the heavens. 

The winda shout their warrior song ; 
The thuisdhr is crashiii||, the hghtiiings are flashing. 

The ocean rolls foamuig, and whelmine, and strong; 
Yet I weep, through the cwep, from my mr native shore;. 
Though my heart it is there, with the giirl I adore. 

There's a calm on tiie breast of the musical wavelets ; 

The sun smiles amid the blue skies ; 
The dol{^iiBS are playing, the flying fish straying. 

The petrels no more on the green bilk>ws rise : 
Yet I keep, on Uie deep, calmed afar from my shore. 
Though my heart it is there, with the girl I adore. 

There's the voice of a land-bird heard charming the ocean; 

The sea-weeds our bark dashes past ; 
£ach heart is warm burning, each aching eye turning — 

" Hurrah ! we can see our old England at last !" 
And leap from the deck, on her white clifly shore. 
And clasp to our bosoms the girk we adore ! 

J. G. Bt 



THE ADVANTAGES OF BEING BLIND. 



IN TWO PARTS. 



PART II. 



OtiR neit argu/nentam, at secondary pro- 
positioo, respects those who are lost to the 
ontward and visible world by accident. 

We denynot> in the fiiBt instance, the 
fearful oakunity of sight suddenly departed 
to those who have for years participated in 
the bounties und blessings of light; no 
longer to look upon the Tising. sun, to wor- 
ship the grandeur and beauty of nature, to 
contemplate the visible beauties of earth, to 
gaze upon the rambow^blossomed flowers, 
die woofds, rivers, mountains and oceaans of 
beneficesice; nevermore at night to survey 
tile coostelkKtkiiifi boming l&e lamps i before 
the tlffone of drruie intel]%ence, or tiie mul- 
titudinous stars emblazonh^ the pet^sled 
darkness, as if the seraphim of Heaven were 
stooping down from tiieir empyreal beati- 
tudes, to worship the majestic evidences 
around them of tiie unbounded mercies of 
Him, who^tb darkness mantles his idirone ; 
for 

'' HowofkamidEft 
Iflufik cloud suddack doth Heaven's all-niluig 

-siie 
Gboose to reside* bia^glorv unobscured. 
And with the maiesty of -clarknesst round 
Covers his throne." 

These deprivations, with the additional 
withdrawal of the ** old familiar faces" — ^the 
beloved, the. beautiful, and the venerated — 
are doubtlessly most bitter ; but it cannot 
be denied, that in very proportion to their 
primal intensity, and with bountiful celerity, 
are suddenly aroused feelings that had hi- 
therto lain dormant, and which most mys- 
teriously operate upon the mind, breaking 
through the dark veithout by the increased 
illiimination within, and calling forth all 
those adjuncts, which appear to be benefi- 
cently stored up in the human hearty for the 
egress intent of moderating, tranquilizing, 
and 'finally overpowering the heaviest afiiic- 
tion with which, man may be visited. 

We have dilated so fully upon the .first 
class of blind objects, to which this, the 
second, is so intimately allied, by degrees 
becoming imbued with similarity of submis- 



siveness, and attaining a Hke temperament, 
though with i far more painful reminiscenceB 
and a bitterer ordeal, 'lint we shall be bric^ 
in our observations. 

It is a most remarkable coincidence, that 
the greatest of the ancient andof the modem 
poets were both blind, and both school mas- 
ters. Homer is stated to have established a 
school at Chios in his ilatter< days, by ^ which 
it may fairly be presumed itiiat he was not 
bom blind, but became so. Milton, - we aU 
know, was similarly circumstanced— ^he also 
" taugbt tiie young idea how to shoot*'— 
and eventuaUy being. «hut from the light of 
Heaven, summoined. forth the li^t within, 
with a miyesty, holaness, and sublimity — and 
endured his calamity with a patience, which 
nothing but those peculiarly alleviating prin- 
ciples, that seem to appertain especially to 
the blind, could have otherwise enabled him 
to. evince. These principles are clearly 
derivable- from mental elements more or less 
developed, but invariably operating up<m 
those Acuities which are more connected 
with morality and virtue than with vice, or 
the memory of it. -It is the- immediate exer- 
cise Of these singularly merciful dispensa- 
tions which affords ccmsolation, otherwise 
apparently imposidble, to be administered ; 
and not only s^rds it, but ocmverts a posi- 
tive wilderness into a Paradise, radiating with 
greater glory and goodness those whose- in- 
tellects have been ctdtivatcid, and whose 
original powers are great, and with lesser, 
those whose minds possess not these advan- 
tages; but with equal contentefdness, and 
submissiveness, and equanimity, either the 
one class or the other — the very regrets and 
remembrances that awaken thoughts of the 
sunny mom and deviry eve, seem bom only 
to magnify gratitude, augment thankfulness 
and unsubduing patience. How melancholy, 
and how beauta^, are Milton's outpourings 
of spirit vjpoTL his calamity ; but ' there is no 
repining ! his whole soul seems suffused and 
overflowingowith gratitude, when he. so nobly 
qpen» hia ad. Bode of £iaadifle:Ii08t,witb«^ 



1 



256 



THE ADVANTAGES OP BEING BLIND. 



" Hail, holy Light, ofl&pring of Heaven, first 
bom r 

We cannot forget the melancholy magnifi- 
cence with which he proceeds in allusion to 
himself, and the ultimate reconciliation of 
his depressed, and yet exalted spirit — 

" Thee I revisit safe, 
And feel thy sovereign vital lamp ; but Thou 
Bevisit'st not these eyes, that roll ia vain 
To find thy piercing ray, and find no dawn ; 
So thick a drop serene hath quenched their orbs. 
Or dim sufiusion veiled. Yet not the more 
Cease I to wander where the muses haunt 
Clear spring, or shadv grove, or sunny hill, 
Smit with tne love of sacred song, &c. 

" Thus with the year 
Seasons return, but not to me returns 
Day, or the sweet approach of even or mom. 
Or sight of vernal bloom, or summer's rose. 
Or flocks, or herds, or himaan face divine ; 
But cloud instead, and ever during dark 
Surrounds me, from the cheerful ways of men 
Cut off, and for the Book of Knowledge fair 
Presented with an universal blank 
Of Native's works, to me expunged and ras'd. 
And wisdom at one entrance quite shut out ; 
So much the rather thou, celestial Light 
Shine inward, and the mind throu^ all her 

powers 
Irradiate ; there plant eye$^ all mist from thence 
Purge and disperse, that I may see and tell 
Of things invisible to mortal sight,'* 

Having ofifered these celebrated examples 
of blind men eloquent, whom we must sub- 
mit as the representatives of their class, not 
having space for more, we shall conclude 
this portion of our subject by briefly alluding 
to two ludicrous samples, as an iUustration 
not only of blindness, but of what may also 
be denominated The Bathos precipitate; — 
the one old, the other modem. 

Coventry boasts of her Peeping Tom, who 
lived and looked upon the Lady Godiva one 
thousand years ago; and Kensington, the 
Princely Belisarius, who will live for a thou- 
sand years to come, should the Royal Society 
and Empire of Tea be then in existence. 

The former illustrious and more ancient 
individual, the victim of his wicked, but 
somewhat natural curiosity, but more so of 
Earl Leofric's outrageous insult to virtue ap- 
parelled in her own bright innocence, was 
clearly not one of those, 

" That lend their ears 
To those bud^e doctors of the stoic fur. 
And fetch their precepts firom the Cynic tub. 
Praising the lean and sallow abstinence." 

And we very shrewdly suspect his morals 
-were not of that high order, or his self-denial 
so great, as to induce him to believe. 



** None 
But such as are good men can give good 

things. 
And tluit which is not good, is not dehcious 
To a well governed and wise appetite ;" 

and so instructed by an evil instruction, 
poor Tom, in an unhappy moment, gazed 
upon her who went forth in the firm fcdth 
that, 

'' Virtue may be assailed, but never hurt, 
Surprised by unjust force, but not inthrall'd; 
Yea even that which mischief meant most harm. 
Shall in the happy trial prove most glory : 
But evil on itself shall back recoil. 
And mix no more with goodness, when at last, 
Gather'd like scum and settled to itself. 
It shall be in eternal, restless change. 
Self-fed and self-consumed : if this fail. 
The piUar'd firmament is rottenness. 
And earth's base built on stubble." 

His punishment was immediate : he lost his 
sight, and we fear the momentary glance 
afiForded him did not aid to the tranquiliza- 
tion of his mind under his calamity, in either 
so rapid or agreeable a manner as if he had 
closed his eyes on the world' without so 
abusing them. However, we doubt not he 
became calm " by degrees and beauti- 
fully more," and was gathered to his fore- 
fathers a happy and resigned man. 

Of the second named illustrious personage 
we will say littie ; he is alive, and we re- 
joice in it; he cannot upon twenty-one 
thousand a year aSbrd to dnnk tea, and we 
regret it ; he has been blind, but has reco- 
vered his sight — ^we earnestly congratulate 
him upon it ; he did not become blind for 
the same cause Peeping Tom did, and we 
triumph in such princely virtue ; the son of 
a king yet a radical ; he is a fool for his 
pains ; if he lives longer he'll grow older, 
and if he grows wiser he'U be the better for 
it — ^if he does .not, he'll die blinder than he 
was bom, and the fame of his folly will be 
embalmed, by posterity, in as distinguished 
a manner as was Tom of Coventry's curiosity 
— ^we shall see ! 

The disadvantages of blindness to this 
second class being similar to those of the 
first, we deem it unnecessary to extend this 
part of our subject. 

The last subject of our essay will be the 
blindness " unnatural ;" this blindness is the 
worst of all, and withal the most comical 
and grave by turns — it is not deprivation of 
sight external, but internal; tibe sufiTerer 
has eyes, but cannot see — ears, and cannot 
hear; he is a sort of darkness visible; a 



THE ADVANTAGES OP BEING BLIND. 



257 



lamp in broad day whose light is useless, 
because it shines not ; were all the subjects 
of all the blind asylums in the world con- 
centrated into one dense, impenetrable one- 
ness of perpetual gloom, there would in in- 
tensity of blindness be not the smallest ap- 
proach to that we are now speaking of ; this 
seeing-darkness we will now mention — 
mental blindness I the parent of self-decep- 
tion and terrible deformity. * The unhappy 
victim of this malady is generally, whilst 
the dupe and scorn of others, the delight 
and idolizer of himself; he who is mentally 
blind is generally a blundering blockhead ; 
and very frequently a most amusing one, by 
the humpbacked absurdity of his distorted 
and limping intelligence — a sort of Richard 
the Third with his brains picked out ; he is 
a mental harlequin, for ever changing and 
for ever the same ; anon, he is as grave a 
jest as the grave-digger in Hamlet, with 
his skuU as empty as poor Yorick's. His 
wit is like to-morrow, for ever coming and 
never present ; he has no thought but of one 
object, and that is not worth one thought ; 
he is your mental mole, with his little eyes 
so feu: set in his head, they are invisible to 
every one but himself, and unto himself are 
so microscopic, that, by magnifying small 
insignificance, they preclude him from seeing 
objects of real importance, yet, nevertheless, 
make him believe there is nothing in the 
world so consequential as that which he does 
see. He is not only the dupe of himself, 
but invariably the dupe of others, for his 
mind is so minute, and his vanity so great, 
he exalts into unerring tests of truth all he 
utters, and he believes all he does is an ex- 
etnplum magnum of excellence. He is a 
" novum organum" not of Lord Bacon but 
of himself; Hudibras, Sancho Panza, and 
Don Quixote, moulded into one compound, 
would not be his equal; his mind is as heavy 
and fat as FalstaflTs body, and his wit as 
lean as the half- starved apothecary ; in short, 
he who is mentally blind is infinitely more in 
the dark than he who is actually without 
sight; for he has an intellect pauperised, 
without modesty and humility to acknow- 
ledge it, but only the possession of pride, 
vanity, and selfishness, to render it more 
conspicuous and laughably contemptible; 



and as he that cannot be guided by reason 
is generally governed by passion, so persons 
of this description find their ultimate re- 
source in the presence of an adversary with 
whom they cannot cope, by having recourse 
to this last infirmity of purblind fools. 

We apprehend it will not be necessary for 
us to enter into all the varieties of this spe- 
cies of the " unnaturally blind ;** they will 
present themselves to our reader's notice; 
he will, in the course of his life, have met 
with them continually, and will be able to 
furnish himself with as many examples as 
we could ; their colours and shapes, lights 
and shadows, the simple and the complex, 
with all the other ramifications of character, 
are so obviously before us in daily life, it 
would be an act of supererogation to dis- 
course of them dissectionally ; and if our 
reader should himself be one of them, why 
then as " none but himself can be his equal," 
to himself will we leave himself, and cry 
" God speed," 

It wiU be recollected that, oh the com- 
mencement of this paper, we set out with the 
proposition of the advantages of being blind ; 
in this last class we have not attempted to 
exhibit them, and our reasons are Soon given: 
we might by pursuing an ingenious train of 
argument have proved, beyond doubt, that 
even this species of sight extinguished was 
not without its conveniences — to be blind to 
one's own failings, weaknesses, and deficien- 
cies, is not altogether an inconvenient com« 
modity ; but the disadvantages are so obvi- 
ously the major, whilst the advantages are 
the minor proposition, that it would be a 
foolish endeavour to exhibit the latter in 
opposition with the infinite superiorities of 
the former ; for these reasons we will desist, 
admitting the hopelessness of our case, and 
the extreme destitution of the object of our 
argument. 

We now conclude; whether our reflec- 
tions are right or wrong, they who honour 
us with their attention must be the judges, 
feeling perfectly assured there is no position 
in life, howsoever apparently painful, which 
will not invariably tend " to justify the ways 
of God to man.'* 

H. C. D. 



'iB 



THE ALDINE TRIUMVIRATE.* 



Aldus Manutius Romaxus died, as has 
been already stated, in the month of April, 
1515. On his death, his father-in-law, 
Andrea d'Asola, with whom he had been 
some time in partnership, took upon him- 
self the conduct of the great printing esta- 
blishment at Venice. In this, during the 
minority of Aldus's children, from 1516 to 
1529, he was assisted by his own two sons, 
Francesco and Frederico ; or, according to 
some authorities, by the Torresani, his 
brothers. On the decease of Asola, in 
the latter year, the office was closed, 
and it remained so till 1533, when it 
was re-opened by the sons of Aldus and 
Asola, in partnership. Their works thus 
produced, . are dated in adibus fueredam 
Aldi Manutii Romani et Andrea Asolani 
Soceri, 

The direction of the establishment was 
now confided to Paul Manutius, the third 
son of Aldus, who was bom at Venice in 
1512, and is considered to have been in no 
respect inferior to his father in learning or 
in typographical skill. 

For some time after his father's death, 
Paul Manutius had lived with his mother 
and the other members of their family, at 
Asola; but he was removed to Venice when 
very young; and in that city he enjoyed 
every possible advantage of education, under 
Bembo,t Sadolet^ Bonamicus, Reginald 
Pole ; § and more particularly under Ram- 

* Fi(;epp.2, 62,100,aiidll7. 

t Peter Bembo, a noble Venetian, poet, his- 
torian, and cardinal, was bom in 1470. He was 
secretary to Pope Leo X., and was promoted to 
be bishop of Bergamos, and a cardinal by Paul 
III. He wrote a History of Venice. Cardinal 
Bembo died in 1547. 

;|; James Sadolet, also a poet, rhetorician, phi- 
losopher, and cardinal, was bom at Modena in 
1477* On the election of Leo X. to the ponti- 
ficate, he was appointed one of his secretaries, 
and soon afterwards made bishop of Carpentras. 
From the vicissitudes of war, he was several 
times compelled to quit Rome, leaving his palace 
to the ravages of the soldiery. Clement VII. 
restored him to his office ; and Paul III. re- 
called him to Rome, raised him to the purple, 
and employed him on various diplomatique mis- 
sions. Cardinal Sadolet died at the age of 70. 

§ Cardinal Reginald Pole, an eminent states- 
man, and archbishop of Canterbury, in the 
reign of Queen Mary, was a younger son of 



bertus, and Gaspar Contarinus, who had 
been his father's friends. 

The youthful Paul pursued his studies 
with such zeal and assiduity, that he injured 
his health. On the death of Asola, he suffered 
still more in mind from the family disputes 
which arose as to the partition of the estates 
of his father and his maternal grandfather, 
amongst himself and the other heirs. In- 
deed, it appears to have been owing to the 
disagreement between him and his uncles, 
respecting the management of the printing 
business, that the office was so long closed. 

In 1533, Paul having then reached the 
age of twenty-one, the concern was recom- 
menced in their names, and for the common 
benefit of the heirs of Aldus and of Andrea 
d* Asola. Paul Manutius, however, was the 
sole manager. The productions of this 
firm were very numerous, till 1536, when 

Sir Richard Pole, by Margaret, Countess of 
Salisbury, daughter of George, Duke of Clar 
rence, brother to Edward IV. He " was bom 
at Stourton Castle, in Staffordshire, in 1530. 
He was educated at Sheen Monastery, and 
Masdalen College, Oxford; and after obtaining 

Erererment in the church, went to Italy, where 
e lon^ resided." During his stay, he lived in 
the stnctest intimacy with Sadolet, Bembo, and 
other celebrated persons of that oountrv. '* On 
his return to Ei^land, he opposed the divorce oi 
Henry VIII., Som Cathurme of Arason, in 
such terms that the king drove him rrom his 
presence, and never saw him more! He again 
left England, was made a cardinal, and very 
nearly obtained the popedom on the death of 
Paul III." He was actually chosen pope at 
midnight by the conclave, and sent for to come 
and be admitted. He desired that his admission 
might be deferred till the morning, as it was not 
a work of darkness. Upon this message, the 
cardinals, without any farther ceremony, pro- 
ceeded to another election, and chose the Car- 
dinal de Monte, who, before he left the conclave, 
bestowed a hat upon a servant, who looked after 
his monkey! — " When Mary ascended the 
throne, Pole returned to England as legate, in 
which capacity he absolved the parhament from 
the sin 01 heresy, and reconciled the nation to « 
the Holy See. The very day after the burning 
of Cranmer, the cardinal was appointed arch- 
bishop of Canterbuiy; soon after which, he 
was elected chancellor of both universities ; and 
he survived the queen but one day, Nov. 15, 
1558." — Vide Granger, Maunder, and other 
authorities. 



^. J 



THE ALDINE TRIUMVIRATE. 



259 



duBHaderetandings again arose, and termi- 
nated only In a dissolution of partnership in 
1 540. 

From that period, Paul Manutius con- 
ducted the printing alone for himself and 
his brothers. The works from the Aldine 
press, executed subsequently to the year 
1540, are usually subscribed Apud Aldi 
FUius, or Apud Paulum Manutium Aldi 
FUium. 

Manutius was now indefatigable. AH the 
more distinguished writings of Greece hav- 
ing been given to the world from the Aldine 
press, he determined on producing new edi- 
tions of the works of the best Latin authors. 
Passionately devoted to the style of Cicero, 
his first performance was, the Treatise on 
Oratory, by that writer. This was about 
the year 1533. ' In the course of the same 
year, he printed Cicero's Familiar Letters ; 
also, the Fifth Decade of livy ; II Corte- 
giano, by Castiglione ; U Petrarca ; and Pon- 
tani Carmina, tom. I. In 1534, he printed 
a great number of other Latin and Italian 
books. 

The first Greek work that Paul Manutius 
printed, was Themistius; which was fol- 
lowed by Isocrates and Aetius Amidenus. 

The reputation and skill which Manutius 
thus acquired, obtained for him, in 1535, 
an invitation to Rome, with the promise of 
a lucrative appointment. However, not 
experiencing a reception so satis^EU^tory and 
cordial as he had anticipated, he returned to 
Venice, and resumed his literary studies and 
typographical pursuits. At that time, Manu- 
tius was fiEur from opulent ; consequently, he 
undertook the laborious office of education, 
and received into his house twelve young 
men, for three years. Two of these pupils 
of his, were Matthew Senaraga, who tran- 
slated Cicero's Letters to Atticus, into 
Italian ; and Paul Contarinus. 

In 1538, blending relaxation with busi- 
ness, Manutius made an excursion for the 
purpose of examining some rare manu- 
scripts that were understood to exist in 
certain old libraries ; particularly in the 
library of the Franciscan Monastery at 
' Cesena. The manuscripts in that depository 
were those which had been left by Malatista 
Novellas. 

About this time, Manutius, whose fame 
had been constantly on the increase, was 
invited to the chair of Professor of Elo- 
quence at Venice ; and to the same honour- 
able post, vacated by the death of Bona- 



micus, at Padua. Ill health, however, united 
with his devotion to the typographic art, 
prevented him from availing himself of these 
gratifying testimonies of his genius and 
talent. 

After a second journey to Rome, in 1 546 » 
Manutius married Margarita, the daughter 
of Jerome Odonus. The first offspring of 
this union was a son, Aldus, his successor. 
He had two other sons, who died young ; 
and a daughter, who is often mentioned in 
his Letters, and who was married in 1573. 

At Venice, in the year 1556, an academy 
was established at the house of Frederic 
Badoarus, one of the senators. This in- 
stitution consisted of one hundred members, 
whose object was the promotion of every 
class of literature and science. A printing- 
office was attached to the academy, for the 
original productions of its members, and 
also for good editions of established works. 
Manutius was appointed to preside over this 
establishment, which he fitted up with new 
types from his own foimts. Dominick 
Bevilacqua and several other skilful printers 
were employed by him. In the years 1558 
and 1559, fifteen different works were 
printed here; all admirably correct and 
beautiful.* 

Manutius was the Professor of Eloquence 
in this academy ; which, however, was abo- 
lished, by a public decree of the Senate, in 
August, 1562. The loyalty of Badoarus was 
suspected; and state reasons are thought to 
have caused the dissolution of the academy. 

In 1561, Manutius was invited to Rome, 
by Pius IV., to superintend the printing- 
office of the Vatican, and to print an edition 
of the Holy Scriptures, and also of the 
Fathers of the Church. The Pope himself 
was at the expense of this undertaking, and 
of the removal of Manutius's family and 
printing materials from Venice to Rome. 
Moreover, he allowed him a yearly salary 
of at least 500 crowns. 

During his residence at Rome, the presses 
which Paul Manutius had left at Venice 
were not inactive ; though his two brothers, 
Manutio and Antonio, by no means cor- 
dially co-operated with his labours. Antonio, 
in particular, caused him much anxiety. 
Having been a second time banished from 
Venice, Antonio established, by Paul's as- 



* For a catalogue of these productions, vide 
bnouard's Annates de Vlmprimiere des Aides, 



Rbnouard 
tome I. 



260 



MAY. 



sistance, a printing-office at Bologna, with 
the Aldine device. A few works issued 
thence in the years 1656 and 1557. 

Paul Manutius continued his typographi- 
cal lahours at Rome with great ^cldt, till 
the death of his patron, Pius IV. Becom- 
ing dissatisfied, and affiicted with illness, he 
left Rome in 1570 ; and, after visiting seve- 
ral places of note in Italy, he returned to 
Venice, in May, 1 572. 

Soon afterwards, however, he went back 
to Rome, where he was greatly cheered by 
the kindness of the Pope^ who evinced 
much liberality towards him, without the 
exaction of any onerous duty. 

Still the victim of sickness, his health, in 
September, 1573, began to decline rapidly ; 
and, on the 6th of April, in the following 
year, he expired in the arms of his son, 
who had just arrived at Rome from Venice. 

Manutius had lived in general esteem, 
and his death was universally regretted. 



Notwithstanding the variety and extent of 
his t3rpographic8l concerns, he found leisure 
to compose numerous works, by which he 
is distinguished as one of the most judicious 
critics and elegant Latin writers of modem 
times. Amongst his works may particu- 
larly be mentioned, his valuable Commen- 
taries on Cicero, his Treatise De Curta 
Romana, and some Treatises on Roman 
Antiquities ; all of which are distinguished 
by the purity and beauty of their style. So 
studious was he of the attainment of Cice- 
ronian elegance, that he is said to have 
spent whole months in revising and polish- 
ing a single letter. 

It can hardly be requisite to add, that all 
the productions of his press are of great 
value, both for accuracy and beauty. 

Paul Manutius was succeeded by his only 
surviving son, Aldus the yoimger, the third 
of the great Triumvirate, of whom we have 
yet to speak. 



CLASSIFICATION OF ENGLISH FAMILY NAMES. 



Moon 


Mountain 


Cloud 


Vale 


Raiuc 


Hill 


Hailstone 


Dale 


Frost 


Dell 


Snow 


Meadows 


Gale 


Marsh 


Mist 


Moss 


Fog 


Mound 


Dewes 


Banks 


Light 




Darke 





MAY. 

BY MISS PARDOE, 

May has come back to us ; sweet, laughing May, 

The month of jov> and love, and sunny skies ; 
When zephyrs, son and scentfiil, gently play 

Among tne blossoms, deepening all their d^es ; 
When thp meek snow-drop bends her green-fringed bell 

In homage to the crocus' ^Iden state^ 
Regardless that in pvery nook and dell 

To flout its fading pomp a myriad flowerets wait ; 
When nature wakens every slumbering charm 

To deck the bride of spring ; and village maids 
Carol sweet ditties mid' the ^adsome calm 
Of their green vaUies, and their peaceful shades — ^^ 
Where is the poet shall refuse to-day 
To welcome thee once more, soul-gladdening, beauteous May ! 



a Lady.) 


• 


Rock 


Waters 


Stone 


Rivers 


Sands 


Brooks 


Peat 


Wells 


Clay 


Lake 


Mould 


Poole 


Pitt 


Spring 


Gold 




Dimond 




Garnet 




Coalcs 




— ., - - 


.~ 



POINTS OF THE MONTH. 



MAY. 



Fbssh and verdant is the grass ; the cow- 
slip and primrose decorate the surface of the 
earth ; the trees, with their mild and tender 
green, are in beauteous foliage ; grateful to 
the eye, and fragrant to the olfactory sense, 
laburnums and lilacs enrich our gardens 
and shrubberies; the cookoo's note is 
blyther than it was, and the whole feathered 
creation is in full life and activity. 

" 'Tis May ! the flowery meads along 

Glad children dance and sing ; 
And still the burthen of the song 

Is, * welcome, welcome spring !' 
E'en sorrow scarcely wakes to grieve. 

So cheerly laughs the rill ; 
While merrily, from mom to eve. 

The cuckoo singeth still. 
Cuckoo! cuckoo! 
Mid the wood, by the flood. 

Sings the meny cuckoo."* 

But the May-day sports of our fathers— 
the innocent, yet merry dance round the 
May-pole — ^the joyous and athletic exercises 
and games of our ancestors, which at once 
gave sinew to their manly frames, and ren- 
dered their spirits buoyant as the air — 
where are they ? " Lost ! lost ! lost !" Even 
Jack-in-the-green, and the milk-maid's gar- 
land, and the annual revels of our little 
sooty friends, have nearly all been swept 
away by the philosophical besom of the 
march of intellect. 

In aU ages, and in all nations, what 
strange anomalies are found ! May is con- 
fessedly the mother of love ; yet the Romans, 
from religious feelings, fought against na- 
ture, and interdicted marriage, in this beau- 
tiful and all-exhilarating month. 

Several important anniversaries occur at 
this season. It was on the 1st of May, 
1707, that the Union of Scotland with En- 
gland was consummated — ^now 132 years 
since. Happy and prosperous was the event 
for both countries. The l9t of May is also 
tbe anniversary of the day on which, thirty- 
two years ago, the slave trade in the West 
Indies was proscribed by the British Parlia- 
ment. The Toleration Act was passed on 

♦ Minstrel Melodies, 



the 24th of May, 1689 ; and on the 9th of 
May, 1828, the Corporation and Test Act 
was repealed. 

On the 1st of May, the British Museum 
closes for a week ; eiter which, it is open 
on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, 
from ten o'clock till four, until the 7th of 
September. The new reading rooms, upon 
an extended scale, and entered from Mon- 
tague Place, Russell Square, on the north 
side of the building, are open from nine till 
seven every day during the same period. 

On the first Monday in May, which falls 
this year on the 6th, the eastern division of 
the National Grallery, at Charing Cross, 
will be opened for the Royal Academy's 
annual exhibition of paintings, sculpture, 
&c. This is the seventy-first of the 
Academy's exhibitions — the third at the 
National Gallery. We should rejoice to 
see the Royal Academy with an edifice of 
its own, and independent of the State for 
the pitiful accommodation, or rather want 
of accommodation, which it now possesses. 

On the 8th of the month, that noble in- 
stitution, the Literary Fund, holds and cele- 
brates its fiftieth, or jubilee anniversary, at 
the Freemasons' Tavern ; his Royal High- 
ness the Duke of Cambridge in the chair. 

The Sons of the Clergy hold their anni- 
versary on the 3rd of May. On the 17th 
the Radcliffe Library, will have been founded 
126 years. 

On the 3rd of May, 1495, Columbus dis- 
covered Jamaica. On the 4th, in 1799, 
just forty years ago, a glorious triumph for 
the arms of Britain occurred in India. 
Seringapatam, the capital of Tippoo Saib, 
was carried by storm ; and the vast treasures 
of the eastern chief were, with the exception 
of a small portion, divided amongst the con- 
querors. In illustration and commemora- 
tion of this event. Sir Robert Ker Porter 
(brother of the distinguished sisters, Jane 
and Anna Maria Porter, and her Majesty's 
Consul- General at the Caraccas,) painted 
the finest semi-panoramic picture ever ex- 
hibited. 

On the 10th of this month, forty-three 
years ago, Buonaparte, by one of the most 



269 



POINTS OF THE MONTH. 



reckless sacrifices of human life ever made, 
gained the battle of Lodi. On the 18th, 
eight years afterwards (1804), he was pro- 
claimed emperor. On the 5th, in 1821, he 
died at St. Helena. May was almost as 
remarkable a month in the life of Napoleon, 
as was September in that of another tyrant 
— Oliver Cromwell. 

The battle of Tewkesbury was fought on 
the 4th of May, 1471 ; that of Prague, o^ 
the 6th, in 1757 ; that of Lewes, on the 
14th, in 1264 ; that of Cape La Hogue, on 
the 19th, in 1692 ; that of Ramilli6s, one 
of the greatest of Marlborough's victories, 
on the 23d, in 1706. 

EQstory has recorded, that Pharaoh and 
his host were drowned in the Red Sea, on 
the 11th of May, 1491 years B. C, or 
3330 years ago. On the same day of the 
month, in 1812, Bellingham, a half-maniac 
assassin, shot the Hon. Spencer Perceval, 
Premier of England, in the lobby of the. 
House of Commons; on the 14th, in 1610, 
Henry the Great, of France, was assassi- 
nated; on the 15th, in 1800, Hatfield, a 
discharged soldier, who had served with 
credit under the Duke of York, in Holland, 
attempted to shoot his Majesty, Gborge III., 
from the pit of Drury Lane Theatre ; Queen 
Anne Boleyn was beheaded on the 19th, 
in 1536; Constantinople was taken by 
the Turks on the 29th, in 1453 ; and on 
the same day of the month, in 1660, 
Charles II., one of the most profligate of 
England's kings, was restored to the throne 
of lus fathers. 

The 1st of May is the festival of St. 
Philip, supposed to have been the first of 
Christ's apostles ; also tiiat of St. James the 
Less : the 2nd is the anniversary of the 
death, in 37a, of St. Athanasius, patriarch 
of Alexandria, celebrated for his opposition 
to the Arians, and for the creed which 
bears his name, though he is not considered 
to have been its author; the 3rd comme- 
morates the invention, or discovery, of the 
cross ; the 6th is the festival of St. John the 
Evangelist ; on the 8th, Easter teim, and 
on the 18th, Oxford term, ends; Holy 
Thursday falls on the 9th ; the 13th is Old 
May Day,, and the anniversary of the Ascen- 
sion; the 19th is Whit-Sunday, and also 
the feast of St. Dunstan; the 26th is 
Trinity Sunday ; on the 28th we have day 
without night ; and the ^Oth is the festival 
of Corpus Christi. 

To Britons, the first of birtii-days in May, 



though not the earliest in the order ol time, 
is that of her Majesty, Queen Victoria. 

" Who sits on the throne of England? 

A young and gentle queen ; 
Men^s mild glow Ughts up her brow. 

And hallows beauty's mien. 

* * ♦ * ♦ 

Who sits on the throne of England ; 

With calm but fearless mien? 
The bright blue eye of liberty 

Proclaims her Britain's queen. 
Whose proud fla£ rules the ocean ? 

The banner oi the free ; — ^ 
Oh ! not for slaves do ocean's waves 

Guard Britain's old oak tree." '*' 

On the 24th of May, her most gracious 
Majesty will complete her twentieth year. 

Addison, who may almost be termed the 
father of periodical literature, was bom at 
Milston, (of which his father held the Hving,) 
in Wiltshire, on the Ist of May, 1672. " No 
man can be sure," observes Leigh Hunt, who 
has much of Addisonian feeling in his na- 
ture, " that a good part of the decency and 
amenity of intercourse which he enjoys in 
his own house at this moment, is not owing 
to the lessons of Addison." Addison's mar- 
riage with the Countess of Warwick, in 
1716, is not considered to have been for- 
tunate, otherwise than in a worldly sense. 
What a charming gallery for a walk is that 
in which he is understood to have passed so 
much of his time in Holland House, Ken- 
sington ! We forget the number of paces, 
but the length is very considerable ; and at 
each end, as tradition goes, our great essay- 
ist, who loved other sources of inspiration 
besides the muse, had his bottle and glass 
on the table. Addison's tragedy, or dra- 
matic poem, of Cato, produced at Drury 
Lane Theatre, in 1713, enjoyed an uninter- 
rupted run of eighteen nights. It was in- 
troduced to the reading world by no fewer 
than eight sets of complimentary verses ; the 
first of which were by Sir Richard Steele. 
Its prologue was an admirable one, by Pope ; 
its epilogue, by Garth. Addison wrote also 
a comedy called The Drummer, and an opera 
entitled Rosamond, In an edition of Sir 
Richard Steele's Epistolary Correspondence, 
published by Nichols, in 1809, is the first 
act of a tragedy, conjectured, on internal 
evidence, to be from the pen of Addison. 
This distinguished writer died in Holland 
House, at the early age of forty-seven. 
Addison Street, Kensington, is supposed to 

* Minstrel Melodies. 



POINTS OF THE MONTH. 



263 



have been named after him by direction of 
the present Lord Holland. 

William Camden, the tutor of Ben 
Jonson, and one of the chief of English 
antiquaries, drew his first breath in London, 
on the 2nd of May, 1551. Camden 
founded a professorship of history at Oxford. 

Ellas Ashmole, another distinguished an- 
tiquary, whom Wood styles " the greatest 
virtuoso and curioso that was ever known 
or read of in England," was bom on the 
23rd of May, 1617. Besides antiquities, 
he WB8 a proficient in astrology, botany, 
chemistry, and heraldry. His " History of 
the Order of the Garter" is eminently curi- 
ous and interesting. Sir Nicholas Harris, 
however, of the College of Arms, has re- 
cently entered yet more elaborately into that 
subject. Ashmole, having purchased the 
curiosities of Tradescant, tke celebrated 
Dutch gardener and antiquary, of Lambeth, 
presented them, and subsequently his books 
and manuscripts, to the University of Ox- 
ford, and thus laid the foundation of the 
Ashmolean Museum. 

Dr. Edward Jenner, to whom England, 
Europe, and the world at large, owe a vast 
debt of gratitude for the introduction of 
vaccination, in the year 1796, was bom at 
Berkeley, in Gloucestershire, on the 17th of 
May, 1749. For his invaluable discovery, 
he received a parliamentary grant of 20,000/. 
When the allied sovereigns visited England, 
in 1814, the Emperor Alexander, of Russia, 
sought an interview with him, and offered 
to confer on him a Russian order of nobility. 
Niccolo Macchiavelli, historian, statist, 
and miscellaneous writer — a man who seems 
to have puzzled all his biographers, and 
whose name is frequently taken in vain — 
was indebted to Florence for his birth, on 
the 3rd of May, 1469. His most celebrated 
work. The Prince, ** if taken literally," re- 
marks Maunder, ** contains the most per- 
nicious maxims of government, founded on 
the vilest principles: hence the word 
Machiavellism h& used to denote that system 
of policy which disregards every law, human 
or divine, to effect its purposes. There are 
many, however, who regard it rather as a 
covert satire upon tyranny, than as a ma- 
nual for a tyrant ; while others think it a 
work full of valuable counsel for a prince, 
to whom all eyes in Italy were turned for 
deliverance from foreign thraldom." 

Giulio Alberoni, cardinal, and prime mi- 
nister of Spain, was bom at Parma, on the 



Idth of May, 1664. ^Though only the son 
of a gardener, he obtained patronage — 
rapidly reached the highest offices — and 
greatly improved the fortunes of the State. 
One of his sayings, remarkable for the ad- 
dress and fine taste which it evinced, de- 
serves to be remembered. Impetuous in 
temper, and free in speech, be one day told 
a boy who had expressed fear, that he 
should ** fear nothing, not even God him- 
self." The company appearing shocked 
and astonished at such words from the lips of 
a cardinal, Alberoni added, with a meek air 
and a softened voice, — " For we are to feel 
nothing towards the good God, but love" 

The anniversary of the birth-day of Wil- 
liam Pitt, the illustrious son of Chatham, 
occurs on the 28th of May, when it is cele- 
brated by a dinner of the Pitt Club. He 
was bom in 1759; consequently, had he 
survived till the present hour, he would not 
have surpassed the age of some of his con- 
temporaries. He has been dead three and 
thirty years. It is to the councils of Pitt, 
even more than to the prowess of Welling- 
ton, that the battle of Waterloo, though not 
fought until long after his remains had been 
consigned to the tomb, may be traced. 

Of philosophers and men of science, we 
have to mention Ghibriel Daniel Fahrenheit, 
to whom we are obliged for the ther<- 
mometer and barometer mostly in use in 
this country, born at Dantzic, on the 14th 
of May, 1686 ; Charles Von Linnaes, the 
most celebrated of modem naturalists, bom 
at KoBshult, in Sweden, on the 23rd, in 
1757 ; John Foi Vaillant, physician, anti- 
quary, and medalist, bom at Beauvois, in 
France, on Idxe 24th, in 1 632 ; and Abra- 
ham Demoivre, author of " The Doctrine of 
Chances," and one of the first mathematical 
calculators that ever existed, bom at Cham- 
pagne, on the 30th, in 1667. 

Alghieri Dante, or Durante, author of the 
Divina Commedia, and the most renowned 
of aU the Italian poets, claimed Florence 
for his birth-place, on the 27th of May, 
1265— now 574 year ago. " Dante's poem," 
observes Lord Byron, •' was celebrated long 
before his death; and, not long after it. 
States negotiated for his ashes, and disputed 
for the site of the composition of the Divina 
Commedia," — "Dante died at Ravenna, in 
1321, in the palace of his patron, Ghcddo 
Novello da Pol6nta, who testified his sorrow 
and. respect by the sumptuousness of his 
obsequies, and by giving orders to erect 



264 



POINTS OP THE MONITI. 



a monument, which he did not live to 
complete." 

'' I pass each day where Dante's hones are laid : 
A little cupola, more neat than solemn. 

Protects his dust, but reverence here is paid 
To the bard's tomb." 

Byron's Don Juan, 

Ugo Foscolo's Essays on Dante and Pe- 
trarch are full of beauty and interest. Con- 
siderable information is also to be found in 
the notes appended to Lord Byron's Don 
Juan, his Prophecy of Dante, &c. 

The musician follows the poet. Giovanni 
Paisiello was bom at Tarento, on the 9th of 
May, 1740, or 1741. Placed under the 
care of Durante, he, in 1763, produced his 
first opera, ** La Papilla," with great ap- 
plause, at the Marsigli theatre, in Bologna. 
After a rapid career of extraordinary success, 
we find him, in 1766, in the service of 
Catherine XL, with the Gh'and-Duchess 
Maria Federowna as his pupil. Next in 
succession he was patronized by the Empe- 
ror of Germany and the King of Prussia. 
Then he appeared at Naples, where he com- 
posed for the obsequies of General Hoche 
a funeral s3rmphony, which procured for him 
a recompense from Buonaparte. Subse- 
quently we find him in Russia, Venice, 
Naples, and at Paris, under Napoleon, with 
apartments, a court carriage, a salary of 
12,000 francs, and a present of 18,000 
francs for the expenses of .his stay, besides 
those of his journey. The climate of Paris 
not agreeing with his wife, he returned to 
Naples, where, under King Joseph, new ad- 
vantages and honours awaited him. Na- 
poleon sent him the cross of the Legion of 
Honour, which Joseph himself presented to 
him, with an additional pension of 1000 
francs. When Joseph went to Spain, 
Murat, his successor, confirmed Paisiello in 
all his employments. Paisiello was the first 
who introduced the viola into the comic 
opera at Naples; and also the first who 
brought into the churches and the theatres 
of that city the use of concerted bassoons 
and clarionets. He died in Italy in 1816. 

Our notice of departures from earth, in 
May, shall commence with those of five 
English poets — ^Dryden, Wither, Cumber- 
land, Rowe, and Warton. 

" Glorious John Dryden," compared, by 
Swift, from the long and large wig which 
he was accustomed to wear, to " a lady in a 
lobster," died on the 1st of May. 1700. It 
is remarkable that Dryden, notwithstanding 



his superiority of intellect, was addicted to 
the study of judicial astrology, and used to 
calculate the nativities of his children. If 
the veracity of his biographer may be re- 
lied on, some of his predictions respecting 
his son Charles and himself were fulfilled in 
a most extraordinary manner. It is related, 
that for the first play of Dryden's, The Wild 
Gallant, "published by the elder Tonson, 
the price given was twenty pounds. This 
sum the bookseller (whose shop was then in 
the street near Gray's Inn) was unable to 
raise without appl3ring to Abel Swale, then 
a bookseller in Little Britain, who advanced 
the money for a moiety of the profits. The 
play sold ; and Tonson was enabled by it to 
purchase the succeeding ones on his own 
bottom.' '* 

George Wither, a poet whose works were 
not long since recalled to notice by Sir 
Egerton Brydges, died on the ^d of May, 
1667, at the age of 79. He was bom at 
Bentworth, in Hampshire, and educated at 
Magdalen College, Oxford. For his first 
book, entitled ** Abuses Whipt and Stript," 
he was imprisoned. He was, in the civil 
wars, an ofiicer in the parliament army, 
and condemned to be hanged. Sir John 
Denham is said to have begged his life of 
the king, " that there might be," as he said, 
** in England, a worse poet than himself." 
There is a curious account of Wither in 
Percy's " Reliques of Ancient English 
Poetry," a charming book, of which, we ob- 
serve, two new editions are just advertised. 
H. Phillips, by the admirable style in whidi 
he sings it, has lately rendered very popular 
a song of Wither's, commencing — 



*' Shall I, wasting in despair. 
Die, because a woman's fair?' 



>>9 



Dryden's character of Wither is far too 
severe : — 

" He flatted his notions as they fell. 
And if they rhymed and rattled, all was well." 

Richard Cumberland, author of " The 
West Indian," " The Wheel of Fortune," a 
series of excellent papers entitled the " Ob- 
server," numerous plays, novels, and poems, 
died on the 7th of May, 1811, at the age 
of seventy-nine. 

Nicholas Rowe, another poet and dra- 
matist celebrated in his day — poet-laureat 
in the reign of George I., died on the iSth 
of May, 1718, at the age of forty-t^'O. 

* Biographia Dramatica, 



POINTS OF THE MONTH. 



^5 



A translation of Lucan's Pharsalia was, 
perhaps, his most considerahle performance. 
During the first and only representation of 
his fieurce of The Biter Bit, which was furi- 
ously hissed hy the audience, Rowe himself 
was delighted, laughing, with great vehe- 
mence, whenever he had, in his own opinion, 
produced a jest ! 

Thomas Warton (son- of the Rev. 
Thomas Warton, professor of poetry at 
Oxford) died on the 21st of May, 1790, 
aged 62. While only in his twentieth year, 
he distinguished himself hy his '* Triumph 
of Isis," a poetical vindication of Oxford 
against the reflections of Mason. His 
" History of English Poetry ** is an exceed- 
ingly valuable work. He succeeded White- 
head as poet laureat. 

An degant and highly-gifted French 
poet, the Abb^ de Lille, author of Les 
Jardins, &c., and translator of Virgil and 
Milton, bom in 1738, died on the 1st of 
May, 1813. Though a royalist his genius 
procured him the respect even of the tyrant 
Robespierre. Exceedingly cheerful, gay, 
and amiable, the Abb6 was not altogether 
without eccentricity. With a body of se- 
venty-flve, his soul was only fifteen. He 
would visit a duchess in deshabille, and ride 
a hunting in full dress. " He will give 
you his company for hours,'' says Madame 
da Mol6, " and is happy with you : but 
so he is with the housekeeper: or his 
horse, which he will sometimes caress 
for two hours, and then forget that he has 



one. 

On the 9th, John Frederic Christopher 
Schiller, one of the ablest historians and 
poets of Germauy, will have been dead 
thirty-four years. His first production was 
that extraordinary play, " The Robbers," 
by which half the young German noblesse 
were seduced, and the performance of which 
was, in consequence, prohibited. His tra- 
gedies of " Resco," " Cabal and Love," 
" Don Carlos," " Wallenstein," " Mary 
Stuart," " Joan of Arc," and " WiUiam 
Tell," all rank high in genius and merit. 
Schiller will also be remembered as the au- 
thor of a " History of the Thirty Years' 
War," " The Ghost Seer," and various 
other works. 

Four painters stand next upon our list. 
The illustrious Leonardo Da Vinci, bom in 
1452, died at Fontainbleau, in the arms of 
Francis L, on the 2nd of May, 1519. He 
was the rival of Michael -Angelo. Had he 



never painted aught but " The Last Supper,** 
he would have been immortalised. 

Sir Peter Paul Rubens, the great Flemish 
artist, with whose works every critic and 
amateur are intimately conversant, died at his 
native place, Antwerp, on the 30th of May, 
1640, aged 63. Rubens came to England 
in the reign of Charles I., who employed 
him to paint the ceiling of the Banqueting 
House, Whitehall, for which he was paid 
3000/. De Piles, m his " Balance of Paint- 
ers," placed Rubens two degrees higher, as 
a colourist^ than Correggio. Rubens, more- 
over, was master of six languages — an ac 
compHshed gentleman, scholar, and states- 
man. 

Sir James Thomhill, nephew of the fa- 
mous Dr. Sydenham, and remembered for 
his performances in the dome of St. Paul's 
church, in Greenwich Hospital, at Blenheim, 
and at Hampton Court, died on the 4th of 
May. 1732, at the age of 56. 

Richard Wilson, one of the earliest mem-< 
hers of the Royal Academy, died at the age 
of 68, on the 11th of May, 1782. " The 
name of this extraordinary man," observes 
Sir M. A. Shee, in one of the notes appended 
to his Rhymes oji Art, " is a reproach to the 
age in which he lived: the most accom- 
plished landscape painter this country ever 
produced ; uniting the composition of Claude 
with the execution of Poussin ; avoiding the 
minuteness of the one, and rivalling the spi- 
rit of the other. With powers which ought 
to have raised him to the highest fame, 
Wilson was suffered to hve embarrassed, and 
to die poor." 

Sir Robert Bruce Cotton, whose valuable 
library is now in the JBritish Museum, was 
a distinguished member of the Society of 
Antiquaries, in the reigns of Elizabeth and 
James I. He wrote a book on duelling, the 
" Life of Henry III." and collected the 
** Parliamentary Records." Sir Robert 
Cotton was the first who collected English 
coins ; and the first engravings we have in 
that class of the antique were taken from 
originals in his collection. Sir Robert died 
on the 6th of May, 1631. 

Dr. Isaac Barrow, excelled in mathema- 
tical learning only by his pupil. Sir Isaac 
Newton, died on the 4th of May, 1677, in 
the 47th year of his age. Famous for ex- 
hausting all subjects that he meddled with, 
he ultimately gave himself up to divinity, 
and sometimes preached sermons of three of 
four hours in length. 

2 c 



^66 



SONG. 



Dr. Paley, who died on the 25th of May, 
1805, in his 61 St or 62nd year, was wiser 
in his day ; he illustrated without exhaust- 
ing — either himself or his hearers or audi- 
tors. His *' Natural Theology," and his 
** Evidences of Christianity," are eminently 
valuable works. The former has been en- 
larged upon by Lord Brougham, with con- 
siderable effect. 

Another eminent English author and di- 
vine, Richard Hurd, Bishop of Lichfield and 
Coventry, died on the 28th of May, 1808, 
at the age of 88. 

Thomas Simpson, a great self-educated 
mathematician, died on the 14th of May, 
1761, aged 5 1 . His widow exactly doubled 
his age. Simpson was the son of a weaver 
at Market Bos worth, in Leicestershire. 
After many vicissitudes in early life, that of 
turning fortune-teller amongst them, he ac- 
quired a perfect knowledge of mathematics, 
and became mathematical professor at the 
Royal Academy, Woolwich, and a member 
of the Royal Society. 

Napoleon Buonaparte and Earl Ferrers, 
two madmen and two tyrants, went to their 
long account on the same day of the month 
—the 5th of May ; theformt^r in 1821, the 
latter in 1760. 

Two statesmen — Ohe ! jam satis — Lord 
Chatham and Henry G rattan, died in May: 
the former on the 1 1th, in 1778 ; the latter 
on the 14th, in 1820. May their shades 
forgive us for naming them together ! 

Two Britons, the venerable Bede, a monk, 
and the most eminent writer of his time ; 
and Sir James Mackintosh, a man infinitely 
overrated by his party, also died in May: 



the former on the 14th, in 735 ; the latter 
on the 30th, in 1832. 

Anthony Laurence Lavoisier, a celebrated 
French chemist, was guillotined on the 8th 
of May, 1794, on the frivolous charge of 
having adulterated tobacco with ingredients 
obnoxious to the health of the people ; — Sir 
Humphry Davy, the first of his day in the 
same science, died at Geneva, on the 29th, 
in 1 829, at the age of 51 ; — G«orge Leopold 
Christian Frederic, Baron Cuvier, the most 
eminent naturalist of modern times — to 
whom France is indebted for the finest os- 
teological collection in the world — and to 
whom geologists of all countries ae under 
inestimable obligations for his illustrations 
of ancient zoology — died on the 15th, in 
1833, aged 64. 

Christopher Columbus, Griovanni Battista 
Beccaria (not the author of the " Treatise 
on Crimes and Punishments"), Nicholas 
Copernicus, and John Calvin, aU died in 
the month of May. On the 20th, Columbus 
— Columbus, the discoverer of America, the 
victim of ingratitude and injustice during 
life, and who has not been permitted to en- 
joy his fair portion of fame even in the 
grave — will have been dead 333 years. 
Beccaria, professor of philosophy at Paler- 
mo and at Rome, and author of several 
works of merit, particularly on the nature 
of the electric fluid, will have been dead 58 
years on the 22nd. Copernicus, the founder, 
as it may be said, of a new system of astro- 
nomy, died on the 24th, 296 years ago. 
Calvin, generally regarded as the chief of 
religious reformers after Luther, died on the 
27th, in 1564, at the age of 59. 



SONG. 



OH! NOT FOR A MOMENT. 



BY HENRY BRANDRfiTH, SSa. 



Oh ! not for a moment, by night or by day. 
Has the heart, that you once called your own^ 

gone astray ; 
I knelt at no shrine, yet my vow was sincere. 
And the gift that I gave was bedewed with a 

tear. 

When, the bride of your bosom, I joined the gay 

dance. 
Did I ever bestow on another a glance ? 
In absence I still was the fond and the true — 
I talked of, I thought of, I dreamed but of you. 



They said that the sons of the ocean were wild^ 
They told how new faces old friendships be- 
guiled; 
Strange passions awoke that had hitherto slept — 
I felt that e'en you might be faithless, and wept. 

You may find gaudy flow'retSy bright skies, as you 

roam. 
But not the kind hearts that are beating at home; 
Then, spuming ambition, recross the dark main. 
And yours shall be true-love's warm welcome 

again! 



MR. JERMYN'S DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS, EPITHETS, AND PHRASES. 



To the Editor of the Aldine Magazine, 



Sir, — As my second promised " Curiosity oj 
Literature,^* I have now the pleasure of for- 
warding to you my remaining extracts from the 
•pecimen sheet oi Mr. Jkrmyn's Dictionary of 
l^nonynUf Epithets, and Phrases,* 

Yours, &c. 

e 

" No. IL Opus Epithetorum, 

" Mr. Burke, praising Milton for the judicious 
choice of his epithets, and commenting on the 
use and ahuse of those flowery adjectives, as 
Pontanus calls them, lamented that some person 
did not collect a garland of them out of the 
English poets,- as Textor had out of the Latin, 
which had laid every classical scholar under great 
obligations.^WiLSON'8 Beauties of Burke, p. 
114. 

ARCH. 
Ample, SOMERVILLE. 

Fiom beoik to bank their ample arches stride. 
Awful, Pope. 

Where awful arches make a noon-day night. 
Majestic, Blacklock. 

— heaven's majestic arch. 
Frond, Thomson. 

Lo ! the proud arch 

With ea^ sweep bestrides the chafing flood. 
Rising, Hartb. 

Round columns swell and rising arches bend. 
Graceful, Cowper. 

How aiiy and how light the graceful arch. 
Pompous, Pope. 

No Grecian stone the pompous arches graced. 
Swelling, Savage. 

The swelling arch and stately colonnade. 
Strong, YouNO. 

Turns the strong arch and bidsthecolimmsrise. 
Ponderous. Darwin. 

— — his foamy flood he steers 

Through ponderous arches. 
Hollow, Drydbn. 

— -^ hollow arches of resounding brass. 
Moon*d, Young. 

thro' gold unweighed 

Bent the moon'd arch. 



Vide p. 10. 



Pillar'd, W. Scott. 

The pillar'd arches. 
Spanning. Grahame. 

stones below a shallow ford. 

Stood in the place of the now spanning arch. 
Wide-rihKd, Darwin. 

Thewide-ribb'd arch with hurrying torrents fill. 
Stupendous, Jago. 

Now with stupendous arches bridge the vale. 
Sculptured. Pope. 

Beneath a sculptur'd arch he sits. 
Trophy^d, Darwin. 

The trophy'd arch had crumbled into dust. 
Triumphal, Broome. 

Let vulgar souls triumphal arches raise. 
Sky-threatening, Drummond. 

Sky-threatening arches, the rewards of worth. 
Broken, Rogers. 

the shades of time serenely fall 

On every broken arch. 
Moss-grown, Polwhele. 

devoted to the glooms 

Of moss-grown arches dank. 
Dripping. Akenside. 

Some grotto's dripping arch. 
Sussurant, Darwin. 

seek the portico's sussurant arch. 

Emerald, Rogers. 

the mantUng grove 

Its emerald arch with wild luxuriance wove. 

« No. III. Phrases. 

" Specimen of an arrangement of English 
phrases faithfully collected from the works of 
our principal poets, from the time of Chaucer to 
the present period. 

Death, n. s. To abide the death. Chaucer, 
Rom. of Rose, line 4116. To die. 

The abodes of death. Pope, Homer's Odys- 
sey, xi. 816. Hell, 

Act of death. Shdkspeare, King John, act ii. 
sc. ii. 77. Murder, 

The bell of death. Mason, Elegy iv. line 1 
KneU," 

[Under the word "Death" are 214 phrases 
on this principle ; " Eye," 306 ; " Great" 159 ; 
" Nymph," 45. 



LETTER OF WHITFIELD. 

From the Autograph Collection of a Lady, 

"Dr Mr Blackwell 

I hope ere now Your heart is entirely taken off Lumbard-street and 
fixed wholly on our D'. Lord Jesus. Pray tell me whether it be so, or not. I find nothing but 
th*, nothing but tht can satiidy my soul. That God may keep us both thus minded is the earnest 

inrayer of 

Youraffec: obliged Friend 

New Brunswick G» W, 

April 28 1740 
5 in ye morning 



RUSSIAN VIEWS OF CONQUEST. 



A WINTER JOURNEY TO KOORDISTAUN.* 



The presumed ambitious views of the go- 
vernment of Russia with reference to Per- 
sia and India, have, of late years, been so 
frequently the theme of discussion, that we 
cannot wonder at the universal interest 
which appears to be felt upon the subject. 
For some time past, indeed, the Czar has 
been hardly able to build, or equip, a plea- 
sure yacht, without awaking the most 
jealous sensations in England, lest our naval 
superiority should be overwhelmed; and the 
building of a Russian steam ship in one of 
the Thames docks has thrown some of our 
patriots into an absolute paroxysm of alarm 
and terror. 

Fully do we admit that the views of 
Russia are of an ambitious character ; con- 
sequently, when we reflect upon the im- 
mense value and importance of our posses- 
sions in the East, we cannot but regard it 
as an imperative duty of the English Gro- 
vemment to keep a watchful eye upon the 
movements of the great northern autocrat. 
On the other hand, as we observed in a 
former paper,t *' we have no fears." 

Captain Mignan is a shrewd observer and 
a clever writer ; and his opinions respect- 
ing the hostile objects of Russia are well 
deserving of attention. There is one '* set- 
off" against his volumes, however, for 
which great allowance must be made : the 
chief circumstances to which they relate 
occurred nine or ten years ago. 

" I left England," observes Captain M., ^' in 
the autumn of the year 1829, on my return to 
mv mihtary duties in Western India, by the way 
01 Russia, accompanied by my lady, our two 
children, and servants ; and, aner a very rough 
passage across the North Sea, in one of the 
smallest steamers belonging to the General 
Steam Navigation Company of London, we en- 
tered the Elbe, and were safely landed in the 



* A Winter Journey through Russia, the 
Caucasian Alps, and Georgia: thence across 
Mount Zagros, by the Pass of Xenophon and 
the Ten Thousand Greeks, into Koordistaun. 
By Captain R. Mignan, of the Bombay Army, 
M.R. A.S. Author of "Travels in ChaWsea." 
2 vols, post 8vo. Bentley. 1839. 

f Vide « The British Navy, Russia, &c." 
Aldine Magazine, p, 74, et seg. 



good town of Hambar^h, in about sevens-two 
ours from London Bndce." * * 

" At the hospitable ptuace of Prince GaHtzin, 
Governor-general of Moscow, I had the good 
fortune to meet the Baron Humboldt just as 
that philosophic traveller had returned frt)m his 
highly interesting journey to the Ural moun- 
tams ; and by his suggestion I resolved to pass 
through those unfrequented provinces lying on 
the western shore of the Caspian, formerly tri- 
butary to Persia, but more recently ceded to 
Russia, and now forming a part of that huge 
empire. Thence I struck into Koordistaun, a 
country which, although entrenched within the 
two most powerfrd monarchies of the east, still 

preserves the impress of distinct nationalily." 
* ♦ ♦ * * 

" The indifference hitherto felt towards the 
Koords, has prevented our giving any attention 
to their domestic state, an acquaintance with 
which can alone enable us to estimate the con- 
dition of this people. And yet, if a race has 
preserved in the very centre of two such power- 
ful and despotic states, its thorough indepen- 
dence, it is extraordinary (though remoteness 
and insecurity may have mterposed many diffi- 
culties) that the people still continue so imper- 
fectly known, more particularly as Koordistaun 
has been the theatre of some of the most im- 
portant events that history has chronicled. The 
retreat of the ten thousand Greeks under Xeno- 
phon, after the defeat and death of Cyrus, at the 
battle which overthrew the Persian Empire, bears 
ample testimony to the unyielding spirit of the 
Koords, who remain unchanged to tnis very day." 

On the great point of Russian ambition, 
we shall, without comment, transcribe some 
of Captain Mignan's remarks ; after which, 
his miscellaneous statements will afford a 
few amusing extracts. 

"Russia now interferes with Persian affiiirs 
ad libitum ; and England, who might have pre- 
vented the aggressive and unjust schemes of the 
autocrat, looks placidly on the scene, and is 
quite satisfied with her own innocence and 
ndeUty ! A few more years, and she will bitterly 
reproach her blind and irreparable policy. A 
gentleman vnth whom I once travelled, said, 
' The Russians are now cutting up the Persians 
— ^they appear to help themselves to what they 
please. A fine set of dishes are placed before 
them ; India on one side, China on another ; 
Persia here, Turkey there. The autocrat shoes 
now at one, then at another: he tickles his 
palate like a Frenchman at a table d^hbte : he 
cuts at the globe as we should at a melon. I 
suppose he means to cut and cut till he reaches 
Calcutta.'" * ♦ ♦ 



RUSSIAN VIEWS OF CONQUEST. 



269 



" The rapidly progressive augmentation of 
Russian territory by seizure and conquest — • 
the incredible increase of her population — ^the 
introduction of foreign colonies — ^the astonishing 
adyance of her people in the arts and sciences, 
in philosophy and hterature, general knowledge 
and civilization — the deeds of her arms, and her 
present enormous army of nearly half a million 
of men, one fourth of whom, at least, are chosen 
troops in a high state of discipline — ^the extra- 
ordinary, and I may add, unnatural and prepon- 
derating political influence, she has acquired in 
European courts — ^her rapid march in the im- 
provement of her arm-manufactories, cannon- 
founderies, arsenals, and other appendetges of 
warfare — ^the institution of various kinds of 
schools, civil and military, for the instruction 
of youth — ^the establishment of Bible societies 
even in the remotest regions — ^the self-conceit 
and haughty spirit of her nobles — ^the excessive 
desire of aggrandizement characteristic of her 
sovereigns and her generals, her clergy and her 
slaves-her mtriguing and perfidious policy in 
every court in which she has a representative or 
employe — ^her obdurate perseverance in the over- 
throw of the Uber^ of man in some once power- 
ful nations, while sne solemnly professes the veish 
to emancipate her own serfs — the corruption of 
her morals, and the superstition of her religion 
— are so numy topics for meditation, but more 
especially for the attention of our own govern- 
ment." ♦ ♦ * * 

" Of late years, we have heard a good deal 
about the impossibility of invading Russia with 
success. LyaU has paid infinite attention to the 
subject, and, in opposition to the views of Ros- 
topchin, Dupin, and others, has most distinctly 
stated that Russia is accessible, and even her 
best provinces conquerable, by a cautious me- 
thod of procedure, and by a much smaller army 
than Napoleon had when he took possession of 
Moscow." » * ♦ ♦ 

" The applause of Europe, since the year 
1812, has perfectly inebriated the Russians. 
The officers, and the soldiers especially, believe 
themKlve. the first > existent and imagine 
that they can now conquer the globe, and there- 
fore that wherever their hordes are sent, they 
will march to certain victory. One of their ge- 
neral officers said to me at Moscow, ' You c^- 
tainly have the cash, but we alone can wield the 
sword.' Such a conviction prevailing in an 
army forms a host of itself, and has led to great 
deeds." * * * 

" It becomes a duty to inquire whether these 
opinions are well founded. My own idea is, 
that we not only can resist the attacks of the 
apparently colossal power of the north, but even 
can retaliate her {iiture aggressions, by taking 
possession of her best provinces, and reducing 
her to unconditional terms." 

" Sir John Malcolm used to say, and with 
great truth, that the danger was from Russia 
establishing such an influence over Persia, as 
would enable her to use Asiatic states as aids 
and instruments in the invasion of British India. 



He did not then mean to say the danger was 
proximate, but simply that we should never 
cease to contemplate it as possible, and, vnth- 
out incurring any unnecessary expense, should 
suit our means of defence to those of eventful 
attack." * ♦ * * 

" If France and England combined against 
Russia, how many Muscovite troops could be 
spared for such a distant field of operations as 
British India? But, let us see of what kind of 
stuff thev are made. The passive and iron 
valour of the infantry, the rapid and skilful 
movements of its irregular cavalry, are terms of 
renovm earned in many a bloody field. Frede- 
rick the Great said of them, what was repeated 
of us at Waterloo, ' I may kill but cannot de- 
feat them.' When, at Austerlitz, the Duke of 
Dalmatia's able movements divided the forces 
of the czar. Sir Walter Scott says, ' a division 
of the Russian guards made a desperate attempt 
to restore the communication — ^the French in- 
fantry were staggered ; but while the Russians 
were in disorder from their success, Bessieres 
and the Imperial guard advanced — ^the encoun- 
ter was desperate, and the Russians displayed 
the utmost valour before they, at length, gave 
way to the discipline and steadiness of French 
veterans. Their loss was twenty thousand men. 
Again, at Eylau, the French had the advantage 
in numbers. Two strong columns advanced to 
turn the Russian right and storm their centre ; 
they were driven back by the heavy fire of the 
Russian artillery. The Russian infantry stood 
Uke stone ramparts — they repulsed the enemy — 
their cavalry came to their support — ^pursued 
the retiring assailants, and took both standards 
and eagles.' Again, 'a French regiment of 
cuirassiers had gained an interval in the Russian 
army, but were charged by the Kossacks, and 
only eighteen were saved.' After this tremend- 
ous battle, when the loss of the Russians was 
computed at twenty thousand, and that of the 
French at considerably more, the Russian gene- 
ral was entreated by his officers to renew the 
action next day, but, having exhausted his am- 
munition and provisions, he retreated. 

" Let us follow them up to Borodino. Both 
armies were about one hundred and twenty 
thousand strong. No action was ever more 
keenly contested, or at so murderous an expen- 
diture of human life. The French carried the 
redoubts, but the Russians rallied under the 
very line of the enemy's fire, and again ad- 
vanced to the combat. Regiments of raw pea<r 
sants, who till that day had never seen war, 
formed with the steadiness of veterans, and 
uttering their national exclamation of * Gospo-t 
dee pomilominos !' God have mercy upon us, 
rushed into the thickest of the battle, where the 
survivors, vrithout feeling either fear or astonishi 
ment, closed their ranks over their comrades as 
they fell : while, supported alike by their en- 
thusiasm and sense of predestination, life and 
death seemed alike indifferent to them. The 
Russians were ordered to retreat, but so little 
were they broken that, after the battle, they 



370 



RUSSIAN VIEWS OF CONaUEST. 



buried their slain comrades, and carried away 
their wounded at leisure. 



This, then, is the enemy we may very 
shortly have to meet, either on the banks of 
the Indus, or nearer to the shores of the Per- 
sian Gulf." 

In addition to all this, the Russian powers 
of abstinence and of enduring fatigue are 
wonderful. Therefore — 

** It is pretty clear that the Russian soldier is 
a rough sort oi materiel-^ iron valour, patient 
of fatigue, capable of subsisting on the coarsest 
food, and enthusiasticallv devoted to his own 
officers. The light cavalry is unrivalled; the 
light artillery is inferior to none; while the 
heavy cavalry is only not so alert as the British. 
— Here, therefore, is a military force which, if 
only supported by corresponding attention on 
the part of the government to the efficiency of 
its medical and commissariat departments, 
would be truly formidable. Be the state of 
information among the subordinate grade of its 
officers what it may, the general staff of the 
army has never been wanting in militaiy skill, 
and many departments are, we know, particu- 
larly effective." 

We now turn to other subjects. Here is 
the description of a Greorgian dance, at 
Teflis:— 

*' For the envoy's amusement, one of the 
young Geor^an princesses was requested to 
perform the national dance, when their own 
oand was called into requisition, which in its 
stunning effect could not be surpassed by the 
most powerful Turkish or Indian music. The 
lady advanced a few steps from the place where 
she had been sitting, with body erect, arms ex- 
tended, toes and heels moving with the greatest 
precision to the quick-timed music, which was 
regularly marked by the aid of a pair of rudely- 
shaped castanets. A second advance of a few 
steps was then made, accompanied by a shuffiling 
of the feet ; then a receding movement, and a 
series of rapid tunes, dosed this superlatively 
ungraceful dance. The age of the exhibitor 
might have been twelve or thirteen; she was 
dressed in the national costume, as indeed they 
all were, except two, who were married to 
Russian officers, and they were over-dressed 
h la Fran^aise, The appearance of these prin- 
cesses disappointed us, inasmuch as they were 
automatons, shapeless in figure, and in most 
unbecoming habiliments; but with a purity of 
complexion unequalled in the world, features 
regular to a fault, and eyes of deepest black; 
lovely pictures in hce, yet without the slightest 
expression. We did not observe them once 
exchange a word with each other; they might 
easily have been mistaken for waxen fi&;ure8. 
The dance of the ^ntleman (a very handsome 
scion of royalty) differed from that of the lady 
only in extra exertion ; feeling no bashfiilness. 



he gave it fiill truth and play. The contrast 
between their usual demeanour, and the activity 
displayed in this dance was very striking, and 
brought to mind the simng of Kapoleon, that 
' there is but one step nom the sublime to the 
ridiculous.' " 

The Imaum of Muscat's harem : — 

" In 1825, when en route for Turkish Arabia, 
we visited Muscat on board his highness's briff of 
war, ' Psyche,' and Mrs. Mignan was invited to 
pay a visit to his harem. At this time he had 
but one married wife, although allowed four, and 
was in treaty for a princess of Shirauz. Mrs. 
Mignan, her female servant and I, went to the 
palace, where his highness was in waiting to re- 
ceive us. At the conclusion of the usual cere- 
monies of coffee-sipping and sherbet-drinking, 
his highness most politely took Mrs. Mignan by 
the hand (the native servant following), and led 
her through several parts of the palace, until 
they came to a door to which was attached a 
pamock of at least a foot in length. They en- 
tered, and ascended by a staircase, at the top of 
which was a trap-door, with two more of these 
enormous padlocks, where two handsome young 
eunuchs awaited their approach. These were 
the only individuals wearing men's clothing who 
ever obtain the ' open sesame,' and are admitted 
within the sacred precincts of the harem. Here 
commenced the carpeting, of most splendid and 
laborious workmanship, with raised flowers of 
every hue, embossed upon the finest quality of 
kerseymere. A table, covered with every Ara- 
bian delicacy, was laid out at a latticed window 
overlooking the sea of Oman, before which was 
placed three English-shaped chairs. Mrs. Mig- 
nan was requested to be seated on one, the 
Imaum took the second, and in unceremoniously 
glided ' Oman's Queen,' who seated herself on 
the vacant one. His mother sat at her feet, and 
our ELmdoostanee ayah (nurse) in the same 
position, by her own mistress. 

" ' I could not then,' to use Mrs. Mignan's 
own words, ' speak a word of Arabic, so that 
Hindoostanee was the medium of our conver* 
sation. All the other females, and a vast num- 
ber of children of both sexes, stood gazing at 
me in wonderment from a tittle distance, as I 
was the first European lady who had visited their 
harem. They were richly apparelled, and in a 
variety of costumes, but none pretty ; too many 
appeared to be corpulent, and those were beau- 
tifully fair. ' Son altesse' was not good looking; 
decidedly the plainest I could see. But who on 
such an occasion could do more than take a very 
hasty glance in search of personal beauty, when 
there was so great a feast fdr the eyes in the 
magnificent ornaments of her person? Lacks 
of rupees would not have purchased half that 
she wore. One emerald, forming the centre of 
a necklace composed of emeralds, rubies, and 
diamonds, was larger than a pigeon's egg. Her 
feet and ancles were so completely obscured by 
massive jewelled ornaments, that they needed no 



RUSSIAN VIEWS OF CONQUEST. 



271 



other covering. Her arms also, to above the 
elbow, where a tight sleeve met a tighter bodv, 
were encased within a richly embroidered ^Id 
kinkob, while a train of dark crimson satin, like- 
wise embroidered in gold, reposed xmon the 
ground. She wore a petticoat of purple satin, 
m the same style of nch embroidery ; and, to 
complete the tottt ensemble, a valuable Cachmere 
shawl crossed her shoulders, and rested on her 
iKp. Over her eyes (all the females present had 
it also) she wore a frightful thing, which resem- 
bled a pair of broiul-rimmed spectacles, but 
made of some kind of stiff doth, richly worked 
and spangled with gold. These extraordinary 
lunettes are always worn by the women whilst in 
the presence oi the Imaum, and thrown off 
when they are alone. It partly covers the nose, 
and is tied on behind the head like our own 
masks. 

'' ^ One of the rooms into which I was taken 
struck me much, from its extremely rich ap- 
pearance, having several handsome chandeliers, 
and alternately windows of stained and pier 
glass, from the ceiling to the floor, no wainscot 
being seen, except ia one comer of the apart- 
ment, where stood a bed. The divan around 
the room was raised about three inches, covered 
with the finest Persian carpeting, whidi closely 
resembled, both in texture and pattern, the stuff 
of which the Cachmere shawl is made. A double 
row of cushions stood there; those next the 
wall being of the Indian kinkob, whilst the 
front row were composed of white satin em- 
broidered in gold, with fringes and tassels of 
the same.' *' 

Captain Mignan gives the following sin- 
gular account of the reception given to Aga 
Syyud, the high priest of the holy shrine of 
Messhed Hussein, at the court of Teheraun, 
from an eye-witness : — 

" When Aga Syyud Mahomed arrived, a vast 
number of people, and most of the infrmtry, 
without regimentals or arms, went out to meet 
faki. The shah sent his own litter for the holy 
man, and some princes, and many of the chief 
people of the court, did honour to his entry. 
Much enthusiasm was manifested by the popu- 
lace. To the Syyud's person they could not ffet 
access, but they kissed the litter, kissed the 
ladder by which he ascended to it, and collected 
&e dust which had the impression of the mule's 
feet that bore him. The people beat their 
breasts, and the litter was brought dose to the 
shah's door, that the Syyud might alight without 
being overvdielmed by the multitude. Six or 
seven o( the chief priests entered the court with 
him, and one of them insisted on going in on 
his mule. An officer of my acquaintance, who 
happened to be there on the spot, prevented 
him. He said that the ordinary attendants of 
his majesty seemed quite to have lost sight of 
their duty to their sovereign, and were occupied 
in pojring their devotion to the Syyud. The 
dian came to the door of the court to receive 



him, and the enthusiasm of the populace seemed 
to be communicated to the royal hearts, as the 
shah and the prince royal wept bitterly in 
speaking of the misfortunes of the frdthfiil under 
the granny of the Russian government. To 
Aga Syyud Mahomed, and his suite of one thou- 
sand Moollahs, were assigned a separate en- 
campment. Two princes, by order of the shah, 
pitched near him, professedly to prevent the in- 
trusion of the people, but secretly to subdue too 
general a manifestation of public esteem and 
consideration. Another strong detachment of 
holy men came in frx)m Kerbela, covered with 
winding sheets, and the heads of the religion of 
most of the prindpal dties flocked to the capital 
of the empire. 

" The shah twice visited the Syyud ; and on 
one occasion, his majesty said, ' I am anxious 
to shed the small spoonful of blood that remains 
in my weak body in this holy cause ; and it is 
my wish to have in my windm^ sheet a written 
evidence from you, that the mquiring an^ls 
may at once recognise my zeal, forgive my sms, 
and admit, without delay, my entrance into 
heaven.' 

" Aga Syyud Mahomed watched the prc^^ress 
of the campaign with the utmost anxiety, and 
he no sooner heard of its disastrous reisults, than 
he dropped down a dead man !" 

Captain Mignan's estimate of the Persian 
character is exceedingly unfavourable. 

'' A Persian will defend himself by cunning 
rather than by courage, and is so dependant on 
the aid of others, that he knows not when to 
trust to himself. He caUs on ' Khudah' when 
he should exert himself, and sheds tears when 
he should shew spirit. He makes splendid pipo- 
fessions when he knows his sincerity will not be 
tested ; and is at once mean and ostentatious. 
In a word, his character is made up of selfish- 
ness, avarice, treachery, deceit, and cruelty. 
Lord Heytesbury asked me, at St. Petersburg 
what was the real character of the Persians? I 
replied, ' My lord, they surround a person, like 
the flies, with the sunshine, to disappear when 
he gets under a cloud. Their buzzing is quite 
nauseous. God help the man who does not 
know how to appreciate the value of their Up-- 
deep friendship.^' 

Nor is his testimony much more flatter- 
ing to the moral conduct of the ladies. 

" I was often much amused in my rambles 
round Tabriz, at meeting the Mahometan ladies 
promenading the streets enveloped in their white 
muslin chaders. This covermg resembles a 
winding sheet, and of course conceals the whole 
fieure, reaching from head to foot. The veil 
hides the entire face except the eyes, before 
which there is a sort of netting, frurtened to a 
band tied round the head. The whole attire is 
extremely inconvenient as a walking dress, and 
considered as such by the Muftu/toomeit, espe- 
l dally by those who are pretty. When no native 



I 



272 



RUSSIAN VIEWS OF CONQUEST. 



was within bail (as the sailors would say) they 
invariably (if good looking) tossed off their veils, 
and in a sprightly manner expressed a desire to 
become better acquainted. Tne same forward air 
was also displayed by the women, who, although 
under lock and key, often appeared at the Uttle 
latticed windows overlooking the road; these 
manifested by their coquetterie, and a peculiar 
laugh of the eye, their expression of delight at 
the attention they excited. Their eyeUds were 
blackened with the kahel, which is a collyrium 
composed of the smoke-black produced by burn- 
ing the shells of almonds ; and, in some cases, 
among the wealthier orders, by pounding down 
and calcining jewels. Their faces, also, ap- 
peared as if they had used rouge, and their gaily 
adorned head-dresses reminded me of the same 
custom having existed in the earliest times : for 
in the second book of Kings, we read of Jezebel 
painting her face, and looking out at the win- 
dow. They have also a busy trifling with their 
veils, under the pretence of adjusting their ch&- 
ders, or their ringlets, which have perhaps been 
tickling their pretty faces. During the time 
they are thus engaged, they take especial care 
to make the best use of their large gazelle-like 
eyes. 

Their musky locks have each a spell. 
Each hair itself ensnares the heart ; 

Their moles are irresistible, 
And rapture to the soul impart. 

Hafiz, in one of his beautiful odes, exclaims, 
' I would give for the mole on her cheek the 
cities of Samarkand and Bokhara.' 

In speaking of the women, I shall briefly re- 
mark that they have intrigue to their fingers' 
ends, a la Frangaise, The women of the higher 
orders are extremely profligate, and when en- 
pged in an assignation, quit their home wrapt 
in the impenetrable chader of one of their femde 
slaves. They frequently run ^eat risks, and 
many a paramour has lost his life on account of 
these women." 

Of the beauty of the Persian ladies, how- 
ever, our author is profuse in praise. 

" Of all the women I have seen in this [Bagh- 
dad] and other large Asiatic cities, the Persian 
are, in my opinion, the prettiest ; and, although 
travellers extol the beauty of the Circassian 
ladies, I can affirm they do not approach the 
Persian, with whom every thing is the work of 
nature. A fine head of hair, which often reaches 
nearly to the ground, is the first care ; the next 
point is the mouth — a woman to be thought 
pretty, must have " her mouth smaller than her 
eyes." This is a proverbial expression, and if 
not quite correct, is not far from it. With all 
their good looks, however, the face is rather too 
round ; but in Persia this is greatly admired, for 
the Persians always compare a pretty face to 

the "fiill moon."* They do not paint, like 

■ ■ 

* To be admired by the Persians, a woman 
mus^ have the eyes of a sazelle, the waist of a 
cypress-tree, and a face l&e the Jull moon. 



many English ladies of my acquaintance, though 
they use a little soap to the cheeks, which is 
quite dry and innocuous in its effects, and which 
imparts a brilliant colour. I wonder they do 
not sell this " savon sans parielle" in London, 
for I am persuaded that Truefitt, Ross, or any 
other artiste en cheveux, would speedily make a 
fortune bv the dowagers in Eaton and Belgrave 
squares alone." 

The costume of these fair ones is not un- 
worthy of notice. 

" The ladies of Baghdad appeared to us to 
enjoy the same liberty of action as those of 
Tabriz; and were equally desirous of shewing 
their beauty. When they ride through the 
streets, they wrap themselves up in large silken 
chaders of various gaudy colours, and obscure 
their pretty faces with thin horse-hair veils, 
which fasten to the temples by two silver clasps. 
They also wear the yellow hessian boot, the 
sUpper, and the trouser, of course. The veil 
should never be raised in the public street; 
though, how often are the laws of decorum 
transgressed, especially when they exchange 
doux yeux with the Franks. They consider 
their dress a very disagreeable one as compared 
to the costume of European ladies, and have 
long since voted a change, which, however, the 
Tun&s will not permit. It certainly must be a 
most uncomfortable garb for practising " equi- 
tation," especially when we remember that all 
these ladies ride not only en chevelier, but a la 
planchettey * * ♦ * 

" In the harems of many of the government 
officers here, there are both Georgian and Cir- 
cassian ladies, as well as Turkish and Persian. 
As they have no opportunity of seeing the JouT" 
nal des Modes, or the ' Wond of Fashion,' they 
can take no hints on the important subject of 
female costume. Their head-dress is, however, 
very becoming. It consists of a Cashmere 
shawl turban, wound up in as elegant a man- 
ner as Madame Devev could arrange it, and or- 
namented with pearls, rubies, sapphires, and 
otherprecious stones. 

" The hair is plaited into several small tresses, 
some creeping through the folds of the turban, 
whilst others mignonnement engantele, recline 
upon the bosom. The rage for jewellery is 
such, that the wife of every poor artisan pos- 
sesses some few amethysts and turquoise, or 
woe betide the unfortunate husband ! 

" Osmanlee ladies of rank have a fortune in 
jewels alone, besides many sets of valuable or- 
naments, such as gold oracelets, necklaces, 
clasps, studs, and buttons--a sight of which 
would drive Rundell and Bridge mad with 
envy." 

Mark the reverse of the picture : — 

" The poorer orders of females bustle about 
the city in common blue checked calico chaders, 
which they fold up above the hips, bringing a 
part before the face with the left hand, so as to 



RUSSIAN VIEWS OP CONQUEST. 



273 



leave only one eye uncovered ; which, however, 
performs its duty for the other in a most effici- 
dent manner. They wear no veils ; and when 
you meet them the ugly ones cover themselves 
up, and make such a mss about it, that they 
take especial care their faces, shall not be seen, 
whilst the good-looking females pretend to be 
caught unawares, and the very way they con- 
trive to trifle with their cheers, under the pre- 
tense of adjusting them, always displays tneir 
features to advantage." 

- Here is a reference to the Koordish 
ladies: — 

" The Koords, like all other nations, differ in 
their taste regarding the fair sex : with them, as 
with the Turks, a redundant plumpness is soUght 
lifter and honoured, and is considered the great- 
est trait of beauty. It is natural enough, there- 
fore, for the ladies to vie with each other in 
acquiring a superiority in this particular ; they 
accordingly eat all kinds of sweetmeats, dried 
and candied fruits, hulwah,* manna, and several 
Other vegetable substances grated down to a 
powder, m order that they may attain the ut- 
most ampUtude of KocM'dish ideas. A Koordish 
chieftain, after describing to me the beauty of 
his intended bride, as the colour of a thousand 
flowers, and her charms as the perfume which 
exhales from the * attar-^,' said, with the ut- 
most seriousness, ' She is as large. Sir, as an 
elephant.' He considered this comparison the 
veiy acme of perfection.f A regulation girdle 
would be quite superfluous in this coiml^ to 
measure tne ladies' waists, though Kempfer 
mentions an officer among the suite of the snah 
of Persia, whose duty it was at stated periods to 
measure the beautiful forms of the ladies of the 
harem, and if any of them exceeded the regulated 
size, they were instantly placed on * short 
commons.' Kempfer calls tnis * holder of the 
girdle,' fcnmse corporis sestimator." 

Of Mahommedan ablution, as an act 



'* * A conserve composed of flour, sugar, but- 
ter or sweet oil, and pounded almonds. 

" t Solomon has compared his bride to ' a 
company, of horses in Pharaoh's chariots ;' So- 
t^ocles, a dehcate vii^in to a wild heifer ; and 
Horace, a sportive young female to an untamed 
filly: but the Ko<nrd's comparison surpasses 
them all." 



of religious faith. Captain Mignan thus 
speaks : — 

" This rite is divided into three kinds. The 
first is performed before prayer. It commences 
by wasning both hands, and repeating these 
words : — ' Praise be to Ullah, who created clean 
water, and gave it the virtue to purify : he also 
hath rendered our faith conspicuous." Water 
is then taken in the right hand thrice, and the 
mouth being washed, the worshipper subjoins : 
— * I pray thee, O Lord, to let me taste of that 
water which thou hast given to thy Prophet 
Mahomet in Paradise, more fragrant than musk, 
whiter than milk, sweeter than honey; and 
which has the power to quench for ever the 
thirst of him that drinks it.' After some water 
has been appUed to the nose, the face is washed 
three times, and behind the ears : water is then 
taken with both hands, beginning with the 
right, and thrown to the elbow. The washing 
of the head next follows, and the apertures of 
the ears with the thumbs ; afterwards the neck 
with all the fingers, and finally the feet. In 
this last operation it is sufficient to wet the 
sandal only. At each ceremonial a suitable 
petition is offered, and the whole concludes 
thus : * Hold me up firmly, O Lord ! and suffer 
not my foot to shp, that I may not fall from 
the bridge into hell." 

in a cigar-smoking age, like the present, 
what foUows cannot be without interest : — 

" The kaleoons we smoked at Bushire were 
superlatively fine ; I thought them far superior 
to the celebrated ' nargilahs' of Baghdad. Per- 
sian tobacco is, beyond all comparison, the best 
in the world, so mild, that the most deUcate 
lady may imbibe it without experiencing the 
least unpleasant effect, whilst its flavour is most 
delicious. Why it is not smoked instead of the 
poisonous trash which the ' ducks' use in their 
hookahs at Bombay, is to me an enigma, for its 
cost is trifling, a constant communication is kept 
up between the two ports, and the import duty 
not worth mentioning' 



We have only to add, that Captain 
Mignan, as the first person who suggested 
the idea of making a survey of the Euphra- 
tes, feels himself aggrieved in not having 
been appointed to perform that duty. 



2 D 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



Tke Pictorial Edition cf Shaktpere, Pfuls V. 
aii4 VI. King Henry IV., Part I.; and 
King Richaid II. Super-royal 8to. Knight 
and Co. 1839. 

As regards eritiqal acumen, and historical and 
antiquarian illustration, the play of King Rich- 
ard II. seems to surpass in interest all its prede- 
cessors of the series. Amongst the thirty en- 
gravings in wood, with which this drama is here 
enriched, three-fourths of them, at the least, are 
of a nature materially to enlighten us on the 
history, the manners, the arts, the costume of 
the times to which they refer. For instance, 
amongst others, not to mention the Deposition 
Scene, forming the title-page, from a noble ori- 
ginal design by Hanrey: — a Toomament; 
Knights parading the field preparatory to enter- 
ing the lists ; — Tne Lists at Coventry, the King 
having thrown his warder down; — ^Throwing 
the Gage, from the MS. Froissart, in the Bri- 
tish Museum ; — Border (for the list of the rfro- 
mati^ persona) composed of the Arms, Shields, 
and Bearings of the Characters ;* — ^A Room in 
the Royal Palace, London; — The Savoy, the 
Duke of Lancaster's Palace ; — Berkeley Castle; 
— Flint Castle; — ^Ancient View of Bristol; — 
Westminster Hall; — ^A Street leading to the 
Tower ; — Portraits of Richard II., Eleanor Bo- 
hun, John of Gaunt, Edmund of Langley, and 
William of Colchester ; — Funeral of Richard II., 
from the MS. Froissart; — ^The Gold Noble, and 
Groat of Richard II. ; — ^various Jhc similia from 
illuminated MSS. in the British Museum, &c. 
However, neither enumeration nor description 
can convey an^ idea of the beauty, interest, and 
value of such illustrations. And the critical re- 
marks, especially those which constitute the 
** Supplementary Notice," are equally excellent 
and estimable in their way. Here is tne winding 
up, which embraces a contrast of the character 
of Shakspere's Richard II. with that of Lord 
Byron's Sardanapalus : — 

" The character of Richard is entirely subor- 
dinated to the poetical conception of it ; — to 
something higher than the historical propriety, 
yet including all that historical propriety, and 
calling it forth under the most striking aspects. 
All the vacillations and weaknesses of the king, 
in the hands of an artist like Shakspere, are re- 
produced with the most natural and vivid colours ; 

* In this, we think, as well as in the similar 
Border for the play of King Henry IV., the 
armorial bearings should have been described 
heraldkally. 



80 as to display their own characteristic effects, 
in combination with the principle of poetical 
beauty, which carries them into a higher region 
than the perfect command over the elements of' 
strong individualisation could alone produce. 
For example, when Richard says — 

'* O, that I were a mockery king of snow, 
Standing before the son of Bolingbroke !*' 

we see in a moment how this speech belongs to 
the shrinking and over-powered mind of the 
timid voluptuary, who could form no notion of 
power apart from its external supports. But 
then, separated from the character, how exqui- 
sitely beautiful is it in itself! Byron, in nis 
finest drama of Sardanapalus, has given iis an 
entirely different conception of a voluptuary 
overpowered by misfortune ; and though he has 
said, speaking of his ideal of his own dramatic 
poem — ' You will find all this very unlike Shaks- 
pere, and so much the better in one sense, for I 
look upon him to be the worst of models, tlM>ugh 
the most extraordinary of writers' — it is to us 
very doubtful if Sardanapalus would have been 
written, had not the Richard II. of Shakspere 
offered the temptation to pull the bow of Ulysses 
in the direction of another mark. The charac- 
ters exhibit very remarkable contrasts. Sarda- 
napalus becomes a hero when the king is in 
danger ; — Richard, when the sceptre is struck 
out of his bands, forgets that his ancestors won 
the sceptre l^ the sword. The one is the sen- 
sualist of misdirected native energy, who casts 
off his sensuality when the passion for enjoy- 
ment U swidlow^ up in the 'higher excitemeiit 
of rash and sudden daring ;-i-the other is the 
sensualist of artificial power, whose luxury con- 
sists in pomp without enjoyment, and who loses 
the sense of gratification when the fictitious 
supports of his pride are cut away from him. 
Richard, who should have been a troubadour, 
has become a weak and irresolute voluptuary 
through the corruptions of a throne ; — Sarda- 
napalus, who misht have been a conqueror, re- 
tains a natural heroism that a throne cannot 
wholly corrupt. But here we stop. Sardana- 
palus is a beautiful ^em, but the characters, 
and especially the chief character, come before 
us as something shadowy, and not of earth. 
Richard II. possesses all the higher attributes of 
poetry, — ^but the characters, and especially the 
leading character, are of flesh and blood like 
ourselves. 

" And why is it, when we have looked beneath 
the surface at this matchless poetical delineation 
of Richard, and find the absolute king capri- 
cious, rapacious, cunning, — and the fallen king 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



275 



'irresolute, effeminate, intellectually prostrate, — 
why is it, when we see that our Shakspere herein 
never intended to present to us the image of ' a 
good man strugghng with adversity,' — and con- 
ceived a being the farthest removed from the 
ideal that another mighty poet proposed to him- 
self as an example of heroism, when he described 
his own fortitude 



' I argue not 
Against heaven's hand or will, nor bate a jot 
Of heart or hope, but still bear up and steer 
Right onward'-^ 

why is it that Bichard II. still commands our 
tears — even our sympathies ? It is this : — His 
very infirmities make him creep into our affec- 
tions — ^for they are so nearly aJiied to the beau- 
tiful parts of his character, that, if the little 
leaven had been absent, he might have been a 
ruler to kneel before, and a man to love. We 
see, then, how thin is the partition between the 
highest and the lowliest parts of our nature — and 
we love Richard even for his faults, — for they are 
those of our common humanity. Inferior poets 
might have given us Bolingbroke the lordly ty- 
rant, and Richard the fallen hero. We might 
have had the struggle for the kingdom painted 
with all the gloomy colours with which, accord- 
ing to the authorities which once governed 
opmion, a poet was bound to represent the 
crimes of an usurper and the virtues of a legiti- 
mate king; or, if the poet had despised the 
usual current of authority, be might have made 
the usurper one who had cast aside all selfish 
and unpatriotic principles, and the legitimate 
king an unmitigated oppressor, whose faU would 
have been hailed as the triumph of injured hu- 
manity. Impartial Shakspere ! How many of 
the deepest lessons of toleration and justice have 
we not learned from thy wisdom, in combination 
with thy power ? If the power of thy poetry 
could have been separated from the truth of thy 
philosophy, how much would the world have 
still wanted to help it forward in the course of 
gentleness and peace I" 

The first Part of King Henry IV. also con- 
tains some exceedingly carious antiquarian and 
historical illustrations. Particularly may be 
mcBtioned — ^An Ancient Inn Yard ;— A Room 
m the Boar's Head ,'— The Boar's Head Sign, 
from an ancient oaken carving, now in posses- 
sion of Mr. Windus, of Stamford Hill, and sup- 
posed to have been suspended in the tavern ; — 
Portrait of Owen Olendower, from his Great 
Seal in the Archeeologia, &c« 

From the peculiar and distinctive nature of 
the illustration of these dramas, graphical aad 
critical, we hesitate not to sajf, that no> library 
can be considered complete without "the Fic^ 
torial Eifitimi of Shake^ei^." 



Hymm and Fire-tide Verses, By Mary Howitt. 
Boyal ISmo. Darton and Clark. 1839. 

Pr is impossible to greet the kind, the gentle, 
the simple-hearted Maty Howitt otherwise than 



with delight. "To Caroline Bowles, an ho^ 
noured fellow-labourer, tEis little book, the 
desi^ of which is to make the spirit of Chris- 
tianity an endeared and familiar fire-side guest, 
is affectionately inscribed." One charming 
specimen of the work we have great pleasure in 
transferring to our pages : every motner's heart 
will respond to its honest gush of feelings It is 
entitled, " Little Chndren :"— 



S€ 



Sporting through the forest wide ; 
Playing hy the water-side : 
Wandering o'er the heathy fells ; 
Down within the woodland dells ; 
All among the mountains wild, 
Dwelleth many a little child ! 
In the baron's hall of pride ; 
By the poor man's dull fireside : 
'Mid the mighty, 'mid the mean. 
Little children may be seen, 
like the flowers that spring up fair. 
Bright and countless, everywhere ! 

" In the far isles of the main ; 
In the desert's lone domain ; 
In the savage mountain-glen, 
'Mong the tribes of swarthy men ; 
Wheresoe'er a foot hath gone : 
Wheresoe'er the sun hath shone 
On a league of peopled ground. 
Little chudren may be found ! 

" Blessings on them I they in me 
Have a kmdly sympathy. 
With their wishes, nopes, and fears ; 
With their laughter and their tears ; 
With their wonder so intense^ 
And their small experience ! 

" Little children, not alone 
On the wide earth are ye known, 
'Mid its labours and its cares, 
'Mid its sufferings and its snares. 
Free from sorrow, free from strife. 
In the world of love and life. 
Where no sinfrd thing hath trod ; 
In the presence of your God, 
Spotless, blameless, gjlorified, 
Little children, ye abide I" 



" Marien's Pilgrimage" is a poem of (consider- 
able length, illuBtrotinff the mild, peacefrd, and 
benignant progress of christiani^. Enforcing 
the maxim, that 

'* Tis joy to do an upright deed ; 

'Tis joy to do a kind ; 
And the best reward of vhrtuous deed 

Is the peace of one's own mind" — 



IS 



the story of '' The boy of the Southern Isk 
beaulifiilly adapted to the tender capacity of 
childhood. 

This volume is enriched by a number of the 
most gracefril engravings on wood that we ever 
remember to have met with. 



27d 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



Minstrel Melodies : being a collection of Songs. 
By the author of "Field Flowers," "Tlie 
Garland," &c. 18mo. pp. 316. Longman 
and Co. 1839. 

We have been long accustomed to the fine old 
EngUsh spirit of Mr. Brandreth's " Minstrel 
Melodies," and rejoice to see the latest efiiisions 
of his music presented in so compact and agree- 
able a form. There are, indeed, 

" Social songs for Mendships hearth. 
Lighting up each darker nour ; 

And, when hushed the sounds of mirth. 
Lays of love for beautjr^s bower." 

With sonle of Mr. Brandreth's stanzas we 
have made free in our " Points of the 
Month;" but, from a bouquet so fresh and 
fragrant, we trust we may stand excused for 
snatching another flower or two — ay, a whole 
" May Garland." 

" Up, maidens, up ! 'tis May, 'tis May ! 
Come to the meadows, come away ! 
Fair are the flowers and bright the mom. 
And white as snow is the May-bough thorn. 
The cheek of youth, with its dimpled smile. 
Is there, and its bosom all free from guile. 
Hark ! how they laugh, as they sport and play, — 
Then, maidens, up ! 'tis May, 'tis May ! 

The May-day wreath for Flora's queen, — 
Form it of all most fair and green ; 
But not of the holly's glossy pride. 
Nor laurel, welcome at Christmas tide ; 
Gayer and fairer things must now 
Garland the ringlets of Beauty's brow ; 
And, though the fairest the first decay — 
Still, maidens, up ! 'tis May, 'tis May !" 

Here is another " wee little sUp," very plea- 
sant and arch : — 

When I was a wee little slip of a girl. 
Too artless and young for a prude ; 
The men, as I passed, would exclaim, " pretty 
dear !" 
Which I must say, I thought rather rude ; 

Rather rude, so I did ; 
Which, I must say, I thought rather rude. 
However, said I, when I'm once in my teens. 

They'll, sure, cease to worry me then ; 
But as I grew the older, so they grew the 
bolder — 
Such impudent things are the men ; 

Are the men, are the men ; 
Such impudent things are the men. 

But of all the bold things I could ever suppose, 

(Yet how could I take it amiss ?) 
Was that of my impudent cousin, last night, 

When he actually gave me a kiss ; 
Ay, a kiss, so he did ; 

When he actually gave me a kiss ! 
I Quickly reproved him, but ah I in such ton^. 

That, ere we were hsdf through the glen. 
My anger to smother, he gave me anouier — 

Such strange, coaxing things are the men : 
Are the men, are the men ; 

Such strange coaxing things arjs the men. 



But what have we here ? oh ! I guessed what it 



was : 



'Tis a very nice, pretty, gold ring ; 
Then, garland ye roses, where Hymen reposes — 
I'll e'en be his bride in the spring ; 

In the spring, so I will ; 
I'll e'en be his bride in the spring. 
For though we, as women, are bouna to seek oat. 

And rad at their faults now and then, 
Howe'er we may tease 'em, we live but to please 
'em — 
Such dear charming things are the men ; 

Are the men, are the men ; 
Such dear charming things are the men. 



Heads of the People taken off, by Kenny Mea- 
dows {Quizfizzz). No. 6. Tyas, 1839. 

Mbadows's Pew-Opener, illustrated by Jer- 
rold, is this month our special favourite : we 
scarcely know to which we are more indebted, 
the painter or the writer. Of the skill of the 
former, we have no means of conveying a speci- 
men to our readers ; to their notice, therefore, 
we must introduce the latter, who thus dis- 
courseth upon hassocks : — 

" If every hassock had a tongue, and might 
tell the thoughts, reveal the inmost workings of 
the hearts ofthose who, in attitudes of huimlia- 
tion, kneel upon them ! Look at this one, this 
lump of softest wool, covered with cloth of pur- 
ple : this has borne the bulky mortality of a rich 
and arrogant man — of one who, every week, con- 
fesses himself a miserable sinner, and in that 
confession prays aloud for grace, — ^whose son is 
banned the paternal door, for that he has taken 
a wife, whose only vice was poverty I Here is 
another, yet warm from the knees of a domestic 
t3rrant, who comes to church to sacrifice to the 
humility, the love, and searching tenderness of 
the Divine Example; and who, returning home^ 
shall make his wife tremble at his frown, and the 
little hearts of his children quail at his foot-falL 
Take a third : this is part of the pew furniture 
of a man who lives, and becomes sleek, upon 
the falsehoods, the Httle tjrrannies of the world, 
who eats the daily bread of heartless litigation, 
whose whole life is a lie to every Christian pre- 
cept ; and, Judas to Truth, who kisses it only to 
sell it! Yet will this man pray, respond in 
prayer, run through the Creea, and glibly troll 
the Decalogue, — a human clock, wound up to 
strike on Sundays, And in this pew will Imeel 
the withered usurer, a most re4)ectable man, 
and one in parish office, whose heart glows at 
the worldlv cunning of Jacob, and who, losing 
the spirit m the letter, dotes, above all measure, 
on the parable of the talents.* These come to 

"^ *' Roger Coke, in his Detection of the 
Court and State of England, tells a story of 
a muckworm, who gave his nephew twenty 
shillings for preachmg against usury, that, 
others being £ssuadec(, he might mal^e l^etter 
bargains^" 



1 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



277 



church — make the employment of the Pew- 
Opener — ^to keep up the farce that their worldly 
brethren, with themselves, agree to act; they 
congregate to perform a ceremony, and that 
over, the week Ues fair before them. They 
come to church deaf adders, and deaf they qmt 
it ; and as the weekly hypocrites come and go, 
the devil stands in the porch and counts them." 

On fashionable preachers, our author, though 
exceedingly severe, is equally successiul : — 

*' The Pew-Opener has a great reverence for 
a fashionable preacher, even if he have not a 
mitre. Fashionable preachers are, however, of 
two kinds. The dear and gracious Doctor 
Smoothly^ who, in his time, has been private 
clei^yman to two lords, one a cabinet mmister, 
— his face shining as with oil from Canaan, and 
words, dropping honey, accustomed to inake re- 
ligion up tor high-bred and delicate stomachs, 
enters the pulpit as he would tread the carpet of 
a drawing-room. The doctor is a worthy de- 
scendant of the French divine, who, preaching 
before the king, in an unguarded moment, 
astonished the monarch by declaring that '' all 
men must die;" but as speedily amended his 
indiscretion by adding, with a penitent look at 
his royal auditor, *' almost all." Doctor 
Smoothly touches death with a very gentle 
hand : if he must introduce him to the better 
sort of people, he does it gently, courteously, 
gracefully : he disdains to send gentlefolks into 
hysterics by taking up the scare-crow, death, and 
flmging its rattling bones into the faces of the 
congregation. Is it not vastly uncivil to tell 
beautiml women, with pulses of hope, happiness, 
and love — ^the whole world opening lUce a garden 
upon them — ^that they, the delicate, the lovely, 
the admired, the flattered, — that they are meat 
for worms ? — ^that they, with faces fair as angels, 
are to be crammed beneath the earth, like the 
wretch who died in the workhouse to-day, or on 
the gibbet yesterday? Doctor Smoothly thinks 
this manner highly inhuman, and therefore 
takes all heed not to ruffle the plumes of worldly 
pride — ^to pluck the smallest feather from the 
tail of vanity. He therefore treats of death as 
a sort of vague probability, and speaks of the 
grave as a pit dug somewhere, and into which 
some people have sometimes fallen. The doctor, 
as a part of his soothing s^ptem, rarely talks of 
the abode of naughty spirits ; or if, by chance, 
he touches upon it, it is with a manner that 
declares its' utter vulgarity, its extreme mean- 
ness. — In a word. Doctor Smoothly makes hell 
very low, 

** The Reverend Mr. Yewberry is a veiy dif- 
ferent divine ; yet is he fashionable. His cnurch 
is crowded with a congregation, filled with el- 
bowing hundreds, panting to receive the ana- 
themas of the ii|d]£nant spirit, who darts his 
sacred fire at the folk in lofty places, and makes 
it bis especial duty to turn inside out the elect and 
chosen of the land. Royalty comes incog, to lis- 
ten to him; cabinet ministers are seen in the gal- 
lery ; court demirep give an hour to the new pro- 



phet ; young members of parUament study him 
for the vehemence of his style, and the peculiar 
fehcity of his invectives. Mr. Yewberry is taken 
by the fashionable world as a kind of tonic ; he 
serves, for a time, to brace up the relaxed system 
of the mode, but is never to be thought of as a 
spiritual regimen for life. He is visited as a 
sort of evangetical fire-eater; and princes, lords, 
and countesses, having witnessed his extraordi- 
nary performance, quit him with this impression, 
a wonder how " he can do it." He is, however, 
fashionable upon the strength of his merciless 
dogmas, and blazes a pillar of fire in the pulpit, 
for — six months, at least : he then bums to less 
numerous admirers ; and, at length, settles into 
endurable briUiancy, and tolerable heat. 

" Mr. Yewberry is, of course, a great favou- 
rite with our Pew-Opener : she thinks the world 
has some chance of amendment, since he has 
taken it in hand, and complacently surveying 
her crowded pews, feels very many hopes of hu- 
man regeneration. Smoothly is a darling pastor; 
Yewberry a powerful divine : one touches Inortal 
frailties with a patte de velours ; the other shakes 
over the head of the ofiending Adam a scourge 
of vipers." 

The following are " a very few notes taken at 
random," from the Pew-Opener's Journal : — 

" Epiphany. — Short sermon, — ^hard frost : 
sixpence frt>m woman in red cloak. 

" Sbxagesima. — The dear Bishop of Manna 

{)reached; — ^moving discourse: — ^run off my 
egs; — ^fiill church; — seven shillings and six- 
pence, — ^bad half-crown : — suspect lady in blue 
velvet, yellow bonnet, and red l)oppy wreath. 

" Easter Monday. — Ten couple married ; 
made only a pound: refused, out of spirit, from 
one too, a sixpence : — shall know the fellow if 
he ventures again. Oiled pew-locks. 

" Shroye Sunday. — Again, Bishop of 
Manna; long sermon, and rather hot. Lady 
fainted in crowd — a shilling. Saw person in 
blue velvet; mentioned bad half-crown: she 
wondered at my impudence ! Where will she 
goto? 

" Christening in afternoon : shabby parents, 
noisy brats ; godmothers and godfathers shock- 
ing ignorant of what becomes 'em. Woman 
with twins only eive as much as them with one. 
A poor day : early home to tea ; left off muffins 
for the season. 

" Rogation. — New bishop — ^whitest hand 
ever saw. Crowded church ; beautiful discourse 
again lusts of the flesh and vanities of the world. 
Lovely carriage of the bishop's, and footmen fine 
and tall. Ladies sobbing; a sweet sermon: 
fifteen shillings. Do people come to church to 
pass off bad money? — another Brummagem 
sixpence!" 

Jerrold also is the author of The Common 
Informer, who *' combines in his visage the 
offensive acuteness of a sharp-practising attorney 
with the restlessness of an illegal pick-pocket;" 
and having a face resembling that of '' a shaven 
ferret." 



278 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



(( 



He is the child of legislative mystery, the 
base-horn of higoted old custom and Madam 
Double-meaning, and wears in his rascal looks 
the bend-tinister that declares his origin. 

" The Common Informer walks not in high 
life. Portland Square is to him a desert — an 
Arabia Petrea : he can gain nothing from look- 
ing in at " Grillon's," or " The London Hotel :" 
no, he eschews Albemarle Street, and snuffs his 
prey afar in the City Road — in the Borough. 
His quarry is at some '^ Gk)at and Compasses " 
in an alley — some " Bag o' Nails" in k back 
street : for there he has had good intelligence 
of social iniquity ; there, at both hostelries, the 
landlords have — ^music ?* 

The miseries of The Family Governess are set 
forth by a lady, who seemeth to rejoice in the 
name of Winter. 

" Four years had wearily rolled over her head, 
but ten seemed to be added to her age. Her 
light, graceful figure had become large and heavy 
from want of air and exercise, andfr^m torpidity 
of mind; her eye was dull, her cheek sallow, her 
manner apathetic; she suffered from constant 
head-ache; the daily walk of one hour round the 
eternal gravel walks of the sauare fatigued her 
almost to fainting. When, at last, left to herself 
at the close of each long day, she was unable to 
enjoy her leisure, but sunk exhausted into sleep. 
Her nights were either one continued heavy 
slumber, or disturbed with frightful dreams, and 
spent in restless, tossing wakeiulness ; forms and 
faces unbidden began to haunt her, and fiit about 
her even in the day ; she had become irritable to 
a degree that made her life a perpetual struggle 
to avoid giving offence.'* 

Our fourth head is that of The Midshipman, 
illustrated by Mr. Howard, author of ** The Out 
Commodore, Ratlin the Reefer^*' &c. Our space 
for extract, however, is exhausted* 



The Naturalist; illustrative of the Animal, 
Vegetable, and Mineral ELingdoms; with 
Portraits and Memoirs of Eminent Natural- 
ists ; and Engravings on Wood. Edited by 
Neville Wood, Esq., late Joint Editor of the 
Analyst, &c. No XXI. Royal 8vo. Whit- 
taker and Co. 

Although we had heard of this work before, 
we had never seen it, and its arrival operated as 
a most ** agreeable surprise." We were not 
prepared for so handsome, so well printed, and 
so ably edited a periodical, from a provincial 
(Doncaster) press. Judging from the present 
number of the Naturalist, as a specimen, Mr. 
Stafford need not fear to compete with his 
brother typographers of the metropolis. 

Nor are the hterary contents of the Naturalist 
less satisfactory. On the Varieties of British 
Forms, and the Diagnosis of Allied Species — 
On the Value of Plates and Illustrations as 
subservient to the Study of Natural History — 
and Sketches of European Ornithology — are 
exceedingly interesting papers: but with no- 



thing in the number have we been more grati*- 
fied than with Observations on the Habitat and 
Natural History of the Mistletoe, read at the 
Cheltenham Literary and Philosophical Institu- 
tion. This Essay is replete with curious research 
and information. 

We shall be happj" to renew — or rather to 
continue — our acquaintance with this very 
agreeable publication. 



A Narrative of the Lost of the Skip Harriet, 
( Whaler,) of London, which was wrecked on a 
Reef of Coral Rocks off the Fefee Island, in 
the Sovth Pacific Ocean, on the 16th of July, 
1837. By Charles Sparshatt, of Stoke New^ 
ington, one of the Crew. 1839. 

This interesting and affecting little narrative is 
published, by the Philanthropic Society, with 
the benevolent view of raising, by its sale, a 
small sum to meet the expenses of the writer^ 
while under medical treatment for deafriess, and 
also to provide an outfit for a future voyage. 
The Harriet, a fine vessel, well manned and ap- 

Jointed, sailed from the Thames on the 1st of 
une, 1837, under the most favourable auspices. 
After the loss of her commander, (Mr. Christie,) 
who was put on shore in the Bay of Islanda, 
the principal harbour in New Zealand, where he 
died, the Harriet cruized, with indifferent suc- 
cess, between the coasts of Holland and New 
Zealand, tUl May, 1837. Subsequently, intend- 
ing to cruize amongst the various e^ups of 
islands to the north-east of the Bay of Islands, 
she suddenly struck on a reef of coral rocks, off 
the Fejee Islands, called Providence Shoals, 
which had not been accurately laid down in the 
charts. All efforts to get the vessel off provinff 
unavailable, the crew took to the boats, anid 
many of them were lost. The sufferings of the 
survivors, who drifted, in their boats, towards 
Wallis's Island, a distance of 700 or 800 miles 
from the rock on which they were cast away, 
were dreadfrd. At length they made land, 
where they were stript and otherwise ill-treated 
by the savage natives; but they fortunately 
escaped with their lives. Subsequently, the 
writer of this narrative, with nine or ten others, 
reached a more friendly island, where they lived 
some time with the natives, and were well 
treated. On the arrival of an EngUsh whaling 
brig, the Guide, belonging to Sydney, seven of 
them were taken on board in room of men who 
wished to leave her. They continued to cruise 
in the Guide till August, 1838, when they 
arrived at Sydney. There, after a time, poor 
Charles Sparshatt got on board another London 
whaler, the Chienain, and at length reached 
the London Docks in safety, on the 19th of 
February, 1839. 

We have noticed this litde statement, not 
only from its intrinsic interest,, l^ut because we 
happen personally to know that the writer is 
an industrious and most des^vin^ youth, whose 
friends are, unfortunately, not m a station to 
afford him the pecuniary aid he requires. 



r 



Select iB^ttolog^i 



PROFESSOR RIGAUD. 



Towards the latter end of March, suddenly, 

whHst on a visit in London, Rigaud, Sa- 

vilian Professor of Astronomy, at Oxford. 
Professor Rieaud was matriculated of Exeter 
College at the early age of sixteen, and had 
never been abisent from Oxford so much as a 
single year during the period which has since 
elapsed, little short of half a century. Emi- 
nently qualified for mathematical pursuits, he 
was enabled to recover and ascertain many par- 
ticulars respecting Bradley, Harriot, Hadley, 
and other eminent scientific men, the biosraphy 
of whom had been previously neglecte£ No 
one could be more desirous of fulfilling all the 
duties of life, and none ever surpassed him as a 
son or as a parent. Twelve years ago he had 
the misfortune to lose his wife, a bereavement 
which he felt most acutely, and from that time 
he devoted himself with all the ener^ and 
ardour of his character to the education and 
care of his children. Yet even this attachment 
was not suffered to absorb his thoughts and to 
interfere with his professional duties as a lec- 
turer and an observer ; and he was ever forward 
to promote the cause of science, either in London 
or in Oxford, where he was one of the origina- 
tors of the Ashmolean Society, and a frecraent 
contributor to it of papers, most of which nave 
been published. Simphcity and innocence of 
mind he possessed in a peculiar degree. He 
was no less remarkable for integrity, veracity, 
and genuine humility; qualities which were 
combmed with great forbearance in judging 
others, with warm and zealous affection to his 
finends, and with devoted loyalty to the four 
sovereigns whom he had, in succession, the 
honour of serving. His illness, sudden and 
unexpected, he bore with resignation and Chris- 
tian fortitude. His sufferings were severe, but 
happily they were of short duration. 

Mr. Bigaud, in 1831, printed the miscellane- 
ous works and correspondence of Dr. Bradley, 
to which, in 1833, he added a supplement, in- 
cluding an account of Harriot's papers. In 
1838 he published some valuable notices on the 
first publication of Newton's Principia. These 
were all printed at the University press ; and at 
the time of his death he was diligentl)r employed 
in editing a valuable collection of original letters 
from men of eminence in the scientific world, 
from the originals amon^ the papers of Mr. 
Jones, father of Sir Wilham Jones, now pre- 
served in the library of the Earl of Macclesfield. 
Mr. Rigaud was a frequent contributor to the 
scientific journals of his day : to the Transactions 
of the Royal Society, to Brewster's Journal, and 
to the Nautical Magazine. In the Transactions 
of the AiAimolean Society will be found, by him. 



remarks on the proportionate quantities of rain 
at different seasons in Oxford ; a paper on the 
Arenarius of Archimedes; and an account of 
some early proposals for steam navigation ; and 
at the commencement of the present year, he 
read before the same society an interesting 
paper on Captain Savery and his steam engine, 
which will, probably, appear in the next vomme 
of their Transactions. 



SIB HBRBSRT TAYLOR. 

At Rome, after a long and Ungerinff illness, on 
the 20th of March, Sir Herbert Taylor, remem- 
bared as Secretary to his Majesty Geoige III., 
and as the confidential friend of the late Duke 
of York. Sir Herbert was bom on the 29th 
September, 1775, and was elder brother to the 
Rieht Hon. Sir Brook Taylor, distinguished as 
a diplomatist, and second son of the late Rev. 
Edward Taylor, of Bifrons, in Kent, by Marga- 
ret Payler, his wife, descended from a family 
seated at Sutton Valence, whose ancestor was 
in Kii^ Henry the Seventh's household. 

Sir fierbert was a Lieutenant-General in the 
army (May 27, 1825), G.C.B. and K.G.H., 
Principal Aide-de-Camp to Queen Adelaide, and 
Colonel of the 85th Foot, to which he was 
appointed in Ma^, 1823. Sir Herbert was ap- 
pomted Comet in the 2nd dragoon Guards m 
1794, having joined the British army in Flanders 
in April, 17^3, as secretary to Sir James Murray; 
he was present as a volunteer at the actions of 
St. Amand and Famars, the sieges of Valen- 
ciennes and Dunkirk, and most of the actions 
during that campai^; he also served in the 
campaign of 1794, mcludin^ the battles of the 
17th, 22nd, and 26th of Apnl, near Cateau, and 
(^ the 10th, 17th, and 22nd of May, near 
Toumay, besides many other affedrs of less im- 
portance, and the retreat through Holland. On 
the return of ^ir James Murray to England Sir 
Herbert continued with the Duke of York as an 
assistant Secretary. In M^, 1795, he was pro- 
moted to a troop in his regiment. 

When his Royal Highness returned to Eng- 
land, Captain Taylcnr was appointed secretary to 
the commander of the British forces on the 
Continent, and continued in that situation with 
Lieut.-General Harcourt and Sir David Dundas 
until September, 1795, when he retumed to 
England in consequence of being appointed 
Ai&^de-Camp to the Commander-in-Cmef, and 
soon after assistant secretary in his Royal High- 
ness's office. In July, 1798, he attended Lord 
Comwalhs, appointed Lord Lieutenant, to Ire- 
land, as miUtary and private secretary and Aide- 
de-Camp. He continued with his Excellency 



280 



SELECT NECROLOGY. 



until February, 1799, when he returned to 
England, on being appointed private secretary 
to the Duke of ^rk. In September of that 
year he attended his Royal Highness to Hol- 
land. He remained with Sir James Pulteney 
as secretary until the return of the troops from 
North Holland. 

He continued in the situation of Private Se- 
cretary and Aide-de-Camp to the Duke of 
York, until June, 1806, when he was appointed 
Private Secretary to his Majesty George III. : 
he received the rank of Colonel July 26, 1810. 
In March, 1812, he was appointed one of the 
trustees of the King's private property, and 
soon after (in consequence of the Regency) 
Private Secretary to the Qu^n; the 4th of 
June, 1813, he obtained the rank of Major- 

General. 

In November, 1813, he was ordered on special 
service to Holland, and a few days after his re- 
turn from the army under Sir T. Graham, in 
March, 1814, he was sent on a military mission 
to the Crown Prince of Sweden, to Sir Thomas 
Graham (now Lord Lynedoch), and to the 
Hague. In December, 1818, he was appointed 
Master of St. Catherine's Hospital, which ap- 
pointment he held till his death. 

Sir Herbert, who represented Windsor in 
parhament from 1820 to 1823, married Char- 
lotte Albina, daughter of Edward Disbrowe, 
Esq., Vice Chamberlain to queen Charlotte, and 
grand-daughter of the third Earl of Bucking- 
hamshire, and has left issue one daughter. He 
was uncle to the Hon. Richard Bootle Wilbra- 
ham, M.P., and to the lady of Lord Stanley. 
Sir Herbert was granted a pension of 1000/. per 
annum on the civil list, with the reversion, we 
believe, in case of survivorship, to his lady. 

JAMES BIRD, THE SUFFOLK POET. 

Mb. James Bird, bookseller, and extensively 
known as the amiable and gifted author of " The 
Vale of Slaughden,'—'' Machin, or the Disco- 
very of Madeira,"— " Framlingham,'*—'' Dun- 
wich, a Tale of the Splendid City;'—'' Cosmo, 
Duke of Tuscany, a Tragedy/*—'' The Emi- 
granVs Tale,'' — " Francis Abbott," and various 
other works, died on the 26th of March, at the 
village of Yoxford, in Suffolk, where he had 
been resident many years. After a long iDness, 
in which he evinced the utmost patience, and 
truly Christian resignation of ronit, he fell a 
victim to pulmonary disease in the 61st year of 
his age. In the final hour he was soothed and 
blessed with the presence of his entire family — 
a bereaved wife, and twelve sons and daughters ! 
No man was ever more beloved, or more deserv- 
ing of love, than James Bird. From the pen of 
one of his oldest and most attached literary 
friends, we shall, next month, present an ex- 
tended memoir of him and of his works, biogra- 
phical and critical. 

JOHX 6ALT, ESQ. 

John Galt, Esq., was bom at Greenock in 
the year 1779. He was an extensive and ob- 



servant traveller, and a voluminous writer ; with 
some originality and humour as a novelist, but 
too frequently dry and tedious in his details. 
Amongst his numerous works may be mentioned 
the followmg :— " Voyages in 1809-10-11, con- 
taining Statistical, &c.. Observations on Gibral- 
tar, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Cerigo, and Turkey, 
4to. 1812 ;"— in the same year, in 4to, " The 
Life and Administration of Cardinal Wols^;"— - 
also, in the same year, " Reflections on Politi- 
cal and Commercial Subjects,*' 8vo., and four 
Tragedies — " Maddalen," " Agamemnon,*' 
" Lady Macbeth," and " Antonio and Clytem- 
nestra," 8vo; — ^in 1813, " Letters from the Le- 
vant," 8VO.5— in 1816, " The Life and Studies 
of B. West, Esq.," 8vo. ; and " The Majola, a 
Tale," in two volumes ; — ** Pictures, Historical 
and Biographical, drawn from English, Scotch, 
and Irish History;—" The Annals of the Pa- 
rish ;" " The Provost ;" " The Spae-Wife ;" 
" The Last of the Lairds ;" " The Ayrshire Le- 
gatees ;" " The Entail ;" and numerous Essays 
in " Blackwood's Magazine," " The New Edin- 
burgh Review," &c. More recently, " Lawrie 
Todd," a novel ; a " Life of Lord Byron," par- 
ticularly remarkable for its incompetent, erro- 
neous, and absurd estimates of the noble lord's 
character ; some publications relating to Canada^ 
where, for some years, he had held an unsatis- 
factory appointment; "The Radical;" one or 
two novels in Smith and Elder's "Library of 
Romance ;" a volume or two of memoirs of his 
own life; a biographical work relating to the 
stage ; " Poems," " Plays," &c. 

One of Mr. Gait's latest literary engagements, 
shortly before he left London, some years since, 
was the editorship of the Courier newspaper; 
that, however, was of veiy brief duration. In 
consequence of continued ul health Mr. Gralt left 
London, and retired to his native town foiv or 
five years ago. For several years past, even be- 
fore he left London, his physical powers had 
been much prostrated by a succession of para- 
lytic shocks, which prevented him from moving 
from one apartment to another without help, 
and of course confined him constantly to his 
house. On the 2nd of April last he was visited 
by another paralytic shock — ^the fourteenth by 
which he had been assailed. This deprived him 
of the use of his speech for several days, although 
he afterwards had power indistinctly to articulate 
broken sentences. He was, however, quite sen- 
sible, and indicated, by unequivocal signs, that 
he understood what was said to him. He was 
aware that his end was approaching, and ap- 
peared calm and resigned. He expired on the 
9th. 

THOMAS BABKBR, EI^Q. 

Mr. Barker, of Thetford, a distinguished clas- 
sical scholar, and member of the University of 
Cambridge, died in March. This gentleman 
was the son of a vicar of Beverley, in Yorkshire, 
and received the rudiments of his education in 
the grammar school of that town. Subsequently 



THE THEATRES, CONCERTS, &c. 



281 



he entered as a member of Trinity College, Cam- 
bridge. Soon after he became acquainted with 
Dr. Parr, and was induced to reside with him. 
Previously to leaving the University, Mr. Barker 
distinffuished himself by a Latin episram on 
" StAua Inertia." iLr residing 4 some 
years, and imtil his deaths with Dr. Parr, Mr. 
Barker married, and settled atThetford, in Nor- 
folk, where, for nearly twenty-five years, he la- 
boriously and unremittingly devoted himself to 
his favourite studies. Dujnng that time he edited 
a new edition of " Stephenr s Thesaurus," and 
enriched it with a copious body of valuable and 
miscellaneous notes, and pubhshed a volume of 
" Classical Recreations," oesides several of the 
orations of Cicero, — ^he also contributed many 
valuable papers to the Classical Journal and the 
Museum Criticum, After the Death of Dr. Parr, 
Mr. Barker pubhshed two volumes of ^^Parriana," 
containing notices of Dr. Parr and his contem- 
poraries, a work which contains an immense 
collection of facts illustrative of literary history. 
On the breaking out of the war of Greek inde- 
pendence, Mr. Barker, whose pohtical feehngs 
were those of his early patron, became sreatly 
interested in the cause, pubhshed a pamphlet to 
excite pubhc attention, and was afterwards one 
of the most active members of the Greek Com- 
mittee. For the last few years he resided chiefly 
in London. His death occurred after a short 
illness, which was unknown to his friends. Mr. 
Barker was a man of extensive and various in- 
formation, of excellent abihties, and of prodi- 
gious memory. His disposition was amiable, 
and eminently cheerful ; his manners kind and 
simple; his habits uniform and exemplary. 
His friendship was warm and lasting, and it was 
a principle of his life never to quarrel with any 
one. Mr. Barker enjoyed the friendship of 
many of the most distinguished men of his day ; 
and he kept up an extensive hterary correspond- 
ence with many celebrated scholars, both at 
home and abroad^ Besides the works we have 
menti<Hied, he pubhshed an '' Inquiry uito the 
Authorship of Junius's Letters," an edition of 
"Anthon's Lempriere's Classical Dictionary," 
" Noah Webster's English Dictionary," and a 
translation of " Jiihus SiUig's Dictionary of the 
Artists of Antiquity." He had long projected 



and collected considerable materials for a Life of 
Professor Porson, which, with his correspond- 
ence and other papers, will probably be given to 
the pubhc» 



PJZTER TUBNEHELLI, fiS^. 

Mr. Turnerelli, the sculptor, was bom at 
Belfast, in the year 1774. He was the son of 
an ingenious Italian modeller and figure maker, 
who resided many years in Dublin, and married 
a native of Ireland. To his mother he was 
chiefly indebted for that cultivation of his mind 
which afterwards enabled him to rise to emi- 
nence. His parents intended him for the 
church, but his passions for sculpture was irre- 
pressible, and he was in consequence placed 
under the tuition of Mr. Chenu. At the same 
time he attended the Royal Academy, where he 
made so satisfactory a progress, that in less 
than two years he gained the medal for the best 
model. His first patrons were the late Lord 
Heathfield, and Sir Thomas Lawrence, the latter 
of whom recommended him as teacher of model- 
ling to Queen Caroline He was employed for 
a statue of George III., and a statue of the late 
Mr. Grattan; also on busts of the Princess 
Charlotte of Wales, the Generals Blucher and 
Platoff^ and a long list of other distinguished 
characters, which will long preserve his name 
and memory from obUvion. He was also the 
sculptor of many pubUc and other monuments, 
amongst which may be mentioned those of 
Colonel Stuart, Mr. Willett, Dr. Moylon, Admi- 
ral Sir John Hope, &c. For many years, his 
performances in the Exhibition displayed his 
talents to great advantage. One of nis best 
known and finest productions is the figure of 
Bums at the plough, for the monument erected 
to the bard's memory at Dumfries ; the monu- 
ment itself hy the late Mr. Thomas Hunt. 

With a voice of fine quality, Mr. TurnereUi is 
said to have been an excellent siuger. 

After an illness of only a few hours, he died 
at his house ia Newman Street, about the 20th of 
March. Mr. Tumerelh had been twice married, 
and has, we believe, left a family by each of his 
wives. 



THE THEATRES, CONCERTS, &c. 



Her Majesty's llieatre is now in the zenith of its 
glory for the season, although no actual novelty of 
importance has yet been produced. But Grisi and 
^ersiana are there ; and Lablache, and Rubini, and 
(against even hope) Tamburini ; and Mile. Garcia 
and others are yet to come. 

At several of the EngUsh houses, changes and 
mmours of changes are the order of the day. 
^oor old Dmry appears to be quite knocked up. 



At Easter, a spectacle called The King of the Mistf 
— ^twin brother of Aladdin, or the Wonderful 
Lamp—waa produced, but without any extraordi- 
nary eflfect ; and, for some weeks, under pretence 
of getting up The Lake of the Fairies— -ti splendid 
and successful opera of Auber's, brought out lately 
at Paris — the theatre has been closed so far as 
theatrical performances are. concerned. It is 
open^ however, for a musical exhibition, styled 

2e 



282 



THE THEATRES, CONCERTS, &c. 



Concerts h la Valentino ^ in which, contrary to the 
plan of the other houses, vocal as well as instru- 
mental performers " assist.*' 

At Covent Garden, Macready's able management 
terminates, we regret to learn, with the present 
season. It appears that Macready, instead of 
having been the bona fide lessee, or renter of the 
. theatre, was merely paid by the proprietary in his 
double capacity of manager and actor. Consider- 
ing the eminent success of the concern to be en- 
tirely owing, as it unquestionably has been, to his 
taste, judgment, skill, and persevering activity, he 
naturally felt himself entitled to a more distinct 
and liberal participation of the profits. To this 
the proprietary (unwisely, as well as ungenerously, 
we think,) refused to accede ; and so, as we have 
said, the connexion of the parties is to terminate. 

When this was first publicly known, rumour 
stated that an offer had been made to Macready, of 
Drury Lane Theatre upon his own terms. That 
would have been well. Now, however, it is as> 
serted, that Webster has engaged Macready for the 
whole of the next season at the Haymarket. Such 
an engagement we deem extremely injudicious. 
Webster has hitherto been successful in his ma- 
nagement to an extraordinary degree; and he 
ought to be content to *^ let well alone.'* Macready 
has been mainly indebted for his success, at Covent 
Garden, for the magnificent and effective style in 
which he has brought out his pieces. The Hay- 
market has no such capabilities of magnificence 
and stage effect as Covent Garden. Morever, *' the 
little theatre in the Haymarket" has been, ftom. 
time immemorial, the house for light and lively 
comedy ; and we are not at all disposed to con-< 
sider that the public will flock thidier in summer 
to witness the representation of tragedies, either 
with or without Maeready as their hero. 

In the interim, the present Covent Garden 
manager is running the entire round of his suc- 
cessful prices, revivals as well as originals. 

At the Haymarket, General Webster, with 
Powor as his aide'de-can^, seems carrying every 
thing before him. His chief novelty, though not a 
very striking one, is a little comedy called Touch 
and Taket or the Law qf the Kiss: in which 
Power, Webster, and Strickland, Mrs. W. Clifford, 
Miss Taylor, and Mrs. Fitzwilliam exert themselves 
very agreeably. 



At Easter, the Lyceum w^s opened by Mr; 
Fenley, & provincial manager of considerable 
experifflice, with a tolerably efficient company, 
almost entirely new to the London boards. Mrs. 
Stirling, an actress of considerable vivacity, talent, 
and beauty, was, however, amongst them, " a 
bright and particular star." Three new pieces 
were produced upon the occasion: Lady Mary 
Worthy Montagu, or Courtship and Matrimony 
m 1712; Dark Events; and The Silver Crescent, 
or the Oath qf Vengeance — a sketch from the time 
of Don Sebastian, King qf Portugal, at the period 
of his African expedition. 

The reception experienced by the new manage- 
ment seems, not, however, to have been sufficiently 
favourable to enable Mr. Penley to keep the house 
open. After a few evenings — to the serious dis- 
appointment and loss, we fear, of many individuals 
— it was closed ; and, subsequently, it has been 
engaged for a nightly series of Concerts a la Mu- 
sard, in which the band of the Coldstream Guards 
performs, in full uniform. 

Concerts of instrumental music, on a rimilar 
principle, are also given nightly at the Addphi. 

Madame Vestris commenced her Easter festibvi- 
ties, at the Olympic, with two new burlettas ; 
Izaak Walton, of piscatorial celebrity, and 7%e 
Garrick Fever, In the former, Farren personated 
Izaak, and Madame Vestris, his ward, Anne 
Evelyn, very delightfully. The Garrick Fever, 
from the pen of Planch6, is a slight but effective 
affair, full of droll incidents, and smart, active, 
lively fun, — More recently, Dr. Dilworth, a brisk 
little farce, has been produced at the Olympic with 
ample success. Farren personates the humorous 
old grammarian, and is ably supported by Madame, 
Mrs. Orger, Miss Murray, Brougham, and Keeley. 

At the St. James's Theatre, Mr. Hooper has 
brought out his French dogs and monkeys with all 
the ludicrous effect that could have been anticipated. 

Yates, at the Surrey, is attracting crowded 
audiences every night. 

The New Strand Theatre, under the skilful and 
spirited management of Hammond, and with Mrs. 
Waylett for tbt first season these four years, is 
doing well ; and so also are Astley's on the 
south, and Sadler's WeUs on the north side of tius 
water. 



FINE ARTS' EXHIBITIONS. 



THE BRITISH INSTITUTION. 



Thb attraction of the British Gallery continues un- 
abated ; nor can it be expected to flag, until after 
the opening of the Royal Academy. Its autunmid 
exhibition of the works of the ancient masters will 
then be looked forward to. 

SOCIETY OF BRITISH ARTISTS. 

There is a surprising number of exceedingly silly 
and conceited people in the world ; of ungrateful 
people, too— of people who seem to derive gratifi- 
cation from the act of insulting their best, kindest, 
most generous, and most influential friends. These 



truths have received a forcible illustration in the 
conduct of what is termed the ''Council*' of the 
Society of British Artists. We mentioned, last 
month, that the " private view" of the exhibidon 
took place on the 23rd of March. Of this event^ 
The lAterary Gazette thus reported on the follow- 
ing Saturday:—*' Suffolk Street Gallery.— New 
brooms make clean work of it ; and so it is likely 
to be with this exhibition, into the management of 
which, we are informed, five young Brooms have been 
incorporated. And, from all we can leam, they hove 
made a tolerably successful sweep out of the friends 
and patrons of the Society, By means of a police* 



FINE ARTS' EXHIBITIONS. 



283 



tfkan at the tM>ttom of the stairSi a peremptorily in- 
ttmcted cbeqae-taker half-way, a servant in a 
dashing livery at the top, and an impertinent di- 
rector or secretary within the bar, they insulted 
and tamed away from their doors, on Saturday, 
noblemen and opulent bankers distinguished for 
their encouragement of the arts, and, in particular, 
the very obnoxious classes of persons connected 
with the l^ress and the Publishing trade. We had 
the good fortune to be admitted by ticket, and on 
Monday, being a pay-day, had a similar favour 
shown to us for a shilling; All we have to say of 
the Gallery is, that it contains a few good pictures, 
and many of little value ; and all we shall- add re- 
specting the new councillors is, that it would be a 
sagacious thing in the old ones, and in every person 
interested in Uie prosperity of the Association, to 
take care that, though they foolishly injure them- 
selves, they should not be allowed to injure their 
feUow-artists, and destroy the Institution. As a 
pendant, we have to report the answw given to a 
gentleman connected with a public joumid, and re- 
peated, at his request, by the controlling official 
alluded to : ' We were determined,' quoth he, ' to 
have the private view respectable f and therefore cut 
off (or restricted) the admissions to the press and 
the publishers.' Bravo I Brapo / The sublimity 
of management." 

Another periodical, expressly devoted to the fine 
arts, thus commences its critique on the exhibition 
of the British Artists : — '* Liberality is the very 
essence of the arts. A narrow mind was never the 
concomitant of genius. We regret to find that it 
is not, as it certainly has beeii, the characteristic of 
this ' Society.' A few younger, but not wiser 
spirits, have been recenUy associated with ' the 
committee,' and they have issued a decree so fool- 
ish, and acted upon it so rudely, as to place a huge 
impediment in tiie way of their progress. Tickets 
to admit one person were issued as invitations to 
critics to the private view ; and the novel arrange- 
ment was so rigidly enforced, as to produce no 
slight diBgree of vexation on the part of several 
writers for the periodical press—ourselves among 
the number— who attended at the rooms, as here- 
tofore, with some chosen companion; and who, 
upon being made to comprehend the mandate of 
the magnates, declined to inspect the pictures until 
the payment of a shilling had secured the privilege. 
It is needless to state that orders for the admission 
of the press are never single orders ; and that, in 
deviating from an established rule, ' the committee' 
adopted a course surely calculated to prejudice the 
cause which their declared object is to support. 
We cannot pardon them for having so acted. Thiey 
are the guardians, not of their own interests alone, 
but of the interests of some hundreds of artists who 
contribute to furoish their walls ; and whom they 
had no right to inj,ure by their absurd decree. The 
publishers were treated in the same manner as the 
press — the one class give them fame and the other 
bread; and the advantages to be derived from the 
aasiftancd of both were sacrificed to the whim or 
arrogance of some half a dozen young persons who 
outvoted the grey beards of the Institution. < The 
Sodety of British Artists' is not yet in a position 
to scorn public opinion. It is still but a ricketty 
r^^^^A • and certainly not ' much more older than its 
looks.' Some of its earlier projectors and support- 
ers continue with it. Mr. Hofland remains its firm 
friend ; Mr. Linton amongst its best contributors ; 
and there are a few others who would hold rank in 



an exhibition of far loftier pretensions. But the 
greater number of its associates have fallen away 
from it. Mr. Stanfield is among them no longer ; 
Mr. David Roberts does not ' show' upon its 
walls ; Mr. Hart has taken leave of them ; and Mr. 
Creswick, we presume, has followed his example ; 
for there is notiiing of his, this year, in the collec- 
tion. Mr. Haydon and Mr. Martin are also ab- 
sentees ; and we regret that we do not find among 
the younger candidates for professional eminence, 
sufficient to compensate for the absence of many 
who have heretofore added so essentially to the in- 
terest and value of these rooms. The Society of 
British Artists are not, therefore, in a condition to 
assume a lofty bearing and a Mgh tone. Every 
year they have needed indulgence — and they have 
received it. The press has been largely generous 
to them ; the establishment was looked upon as a 
sort of nursery for artists ; so indeed it has proved, 
and has been judged rather for good promise than 
for worthy performance. If its managers think 
they can, as two of them publicly stated tiiey could, 
do without the press, and care nothing for its 
co-operation, they will find themselves mistaken. 
They are not yet strong enough to walk alone." 

The gentieman who writes the notices on the 
arts in The AxDiifE Magazine has annually^ 
from the commencement of this Society, been pre- 
sented with a personal admission for himself and 
friend. These admissions, be it specially under- 
stood, are not regarded in the light of favoure : 
there is always an abundant qui pro quo. Yet, 
with the above representations before him, he chose 
not to put himself in the way of affront. He there- 
fore paid his shilling for admission, bought his 
catalogue, and took a survey of the rooms. He then 
addressed the attendant secretary, or keeper, and 
begged to know whether he were to consider him- 
se^ in his accustomed position? The secretary 
could not inform him ; he '* had no power" him- 
self; but he would present the gentieman' s card to 
the council, state the case, and apprize him of the 
result. Accordingly, on the following day, the 
applicant received a note from the secretary, of 
wMch the subjoined is a copy : — 

" Suffolk Street Gallery. 
" Sir, — I am desired by the Council to inform 
you, that, by presenting your card, you will be 
admitted, instructions having been given to that 
effect ; at the same time beg to state, that it is 
only a personal admission, it being against their 
rules to issue any other. 

'* By order, &c." 

To the above a reply was made, thanking the 
secretary for his personal attention, but declining 
** the privilege (1) proffered by the council." 
licst, after this, we might incur the suspicion of 
being influenced by pique, prejudice, or illibe- 
rality, we shall abstain from all critical remark on 
the merits of the exhibition. And be it held in 
remembrance, that if any particular institution 
happen to entertain the notion that it can do with* 
out the press, it may be assured that the press can 
do vastiy well without that, or any other particular 
institution. 

NBW SOCIBTY OF FAIKTEBS IN WATER 

COLOUBS. 

As yet we have been able to obtain only a glance 
at the exhibition of the New Society of Painters in 
Water Colours, in its well-adapted suite of rooms, 



284 



FINE ARTS' EXHIBITIONS. 



No. 63 y Pall Mall. The display, though small, 
(embracing only 348 subjects,) is a brilliant one. 
This is bat the fifth annual assemblage presented 
by the Society, yet it bids fair speedily to rival the 
elder establishment. Not, indeed, that there ought 
to be any jealousy on the score of rivalry, for so 
extensive is the patronage allotted to this beautifid, 
this almost fascinating department of the fine arts 
— a department in which England stands unap* 
proached throughout the world, — ^that tl\ere is 
ample room for both. The encouragement experi- 
enced, and SQ well deserved, is most gratifying to 
contemplate. 

Mr. E. Corbould stands high upon the list of 
exhibitors. His tournament (No. 53, in the north 
room) at Calais, when Beauchamp, Earl of 
Warwick, was appointed captain of tiiat fortress, 
is a rich and splendid production, evincing an ex- 
traordinary feeling for the old chivalric spirit. 
The gallant steeds — the costly armour — the bright 
and glittering casques — the noble bearing of the 
knights — the waving pennons — the shivered lances 
darting through the air — bring before us, to the 
Tery Ufe, one of those dazzling and exhilarating 
scenes which made the hearts of our noble ances- 
tors dance, and the high blood run joyously 
through their veins. This isk a picture of which 
Mr. Corbould may be proud. 

The same artist has fifteen or sixteen other 
pieces, chiefly from Lalla Rookh, the Corsair, &c., 
and others of a more purely fancy character. 
Amongst the latter we particularly notice his ad- 
mirably satirical sketch/ ** The Age of Taste, 
1840,'' in the middle room. No. 188. 

One of the pictures that we should most covet — 
the one, perhaps, that we should covet beyond all 
others in the exhibition — is Haghe*s ** Interior of 
the Hall of Courtray" (207) in the middle room. The 
time chosen is in 1646, when-^the town being 
menaced with a siege by the forces of the United 
Provinces, headed by Gaston, Duke of Orleans — 
the magistrates, clergy, and chiefs of the company 
of arquebusiers, assembled to discuss the best mode 
to be adopted for the defence of the place. The 
energy — ^the zeal — the force and distinctiveness of 
character displayed by the respective individuals — 
and the bold relief in which they stand forth — are 
very striking. Then, again, the architecture of the 
Hall, and its rich and magnificently carved chimney 
piece. And the powerful yet sober colouring — and 
the broad masses of light and shade — all indicate 
the hand of a master. 

Mr. Warren is another eminently successful ex- 
hibitor. His ** Happy Valley," from Johnson's 
Rasselas, also in the middle room (224) is so rich, 
so glowing, so gorgeous in effect, that it might al- 
most be deemed a scene of enchantment* 

Mr.Weigall, inhis *«Charge of the Cavaliers" (24), 
and one or two other pictures of similar character 
— and more particularly in his *' Battle of flodden 
Field" (328), painted in conjunction with Mr. War- 
ren, has strong claims on the notice of the visitor. 
From the unusually varied nature of his subjects, 
too, Mr. Weigall appears to pqssess extraordinary 
versatility of talent. 

Sidney Shepherd has some exceedingly clever 
street and other views ; especially, the ** Corona- 
tion Fair, in Hyde Park, June 28, 1838" (95)— 
a ** Scene from a Window in St. John's Street, 
during Bartholomew Fair" — and the *^ Ruins of 
the Royal Exchange, after the Fire" (170). 

In H. Johnston's " Brazilian Gamblers " (233) 



ihe emotion of horror in the woman's fiioe, on be- 
holding the corpse of the murdered man, is very 
powerMly expressed. 

Brief and hurried as is our present notice, we 
cannot eveu mention the names of all the other artista 
whose productions are entitled to distinct remark. 
We hope to return to the subject with renewed in- 
terest next month. 

It would greatly assist the visitor, and even at 
times facilitate sales, if the Society's catalogue 
furnished the numbers of the pictures exhibited* 
aflSxed to the names of the exhibitors, as in the 
catalogues of the Royal Academy, British Institu- 
tion, &c. 

PARKIS'a FICTT7BB OF THB COBONATIOK. 

This painting, of which ** honourable mention '* 
has been made in a preceding page (245), has been 
privately shevm at the artist's — at Mr. Moon's, in 
Threadneedle Street-^and at Messrs. Colnaghi's, in 
Pall Mall East. It has since been sent to Oxford, 
for a similar purpose; and, immediately on its re- 
turn to London, it will be placed in the hands of 
the engraver. 

MISCBLLANBOUS BIGHTS. 

It may assist a casual visitor of the metropolis, 
if we indicate a few of the more striking exhibitions 
which are just now attracting notice. 

The Model qf Waterloo^ at the Egyptian Hall, 
in Piccadilly, continues to be the duly resort of 
hundreds of visitors, who enter, with the liveliest 
interest, into all the details of the greatest and most 
important battie of modem times. 

The Adelaide Gallery, and The Polytechnic In- 
stiiution — the former at the northern terminus of 
the Lowther Arcade, in the Strand ; the latter in 
Regent IStreet, North — are exhibitions of practical 
science, at which experiments are made, lectures 
delivered, &c. At the Adelaide Gallery are to be 
seen electrical and magnetical apparatus, an oxy- 
hydrogen microscope, steam-gun, steam-engines^ 
steam-boilers, and niodels of warming apparatus, 
&c., cooking stoves, lamps, furniture, house fittings^ 
&c., models of pneumatic and hydraulic engines, 
models of machinery, fire-arms, carriages, ships^ 
&c. ; and naval fittings, carriages, harness, bridges* 
roads, piers, surgical apparatus, philosophical in- 
struments, &c. ; also, an electrical e^, a new invi- 
sible girl, &c. At the Polytechnic are a galvanic 
battery, an oxy-hydrogen microscope, a diving bell. 
Lord Dundonald's rotary steam-engine, and nu-» 
merous other objects of interest. 

Mies Linwood'e Gallery, presenting copies of 
many of the finest works of the ancient painters, in 
nee(Ue-work, is still in excellent preservation in 
Leicester Square. 

At the Cosmorama Rooms, in Regent Street, the 
Induairunu Fleas may bs seen in the daily perform- 
ance of their extraorctinary and varied labours. 

At the same establishment is a Talkinff Canary 
Bird, all alive ; with several minor exhibitions. 

T%e Ecealeobion is a machine for artificial incu- 
bation. It is an oblong wooden box, about nine 
feet in length and three in breadth, divided into 
eight compartments, open to the sight, in which 
the eggs are deposited, being spread promiscuously 
upon the floor. The heat is supplied by pipes, 
which can easily be regulated to the required tem- 
perature of 98 degrees, wl^en, under fiftvourable dr-i 



LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, AND MISCELLANEOUS MEMORABILIA. 285 



cniQBtaiices, the principal of which is the quality of 
the egg, the process of incubation goes on success- 
folly, the chickens issuing from the egg at the usual 
period of twenty-one days. After ten or twelve 
hours they begin to feed, and are then removed into 
an apartment of a genial temperature, to which ar- 
tificial farm-yard they give a very animated appear- 
ance. The inventor considers that this plan might 
be successfully introduced in an economical point 
of view, were an extensive establishment formed in 
a favourable locality, as the apparatus is susceptible 
of an interminable produce, and the supply both of 
eggs and poultry would become so plentiful as to be 
no longer a mere luxury of life. 

2%e Florentine Anatomical Gallery ^ in Margaret 
Street, Cavendish Square, may be said to present 
the startling revelations of a dissecting-room, with- I 



out the forbidding grossness of decaying mortality. 
Two figures — the Venus andthe ApoUcH-tiie beau- 
tiful personifications of female grace and manly 
beauty and vigour, are here analytically dissected. 
The exhibitor. Signer Sarti, raises the skin, and 
displays the muscles, the organs of motion, which 
being in turn removed, the various viscera are seen 
— ^the heart, lungs, stomach, spleen — ^with the aux- 
iliary apparatus of air-tubes (bronchise), arteries, 
veins, and nerves. All who study the physiology <^ 
digestion should here learn their anatomy ; every- 
one who wishes to understand the wonderfol mecha- 
nism by which he 



u_ 



^ves and moves and has his b^ing," 



will find in the Florentine Gallery a good stepping- 
stone to the knowledge he seeks. 



LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, & MISCELLANEOUS MEMORABILIA. 



ENCOURAGEMENT OF LITERATURE. 



A Society for the Encouragement of Literature 
is projected by means of prizes for the best literary 
productions on given subjects, including musicsd 
compositions, according to the plan. It is pro^ 
posed that all competitors be members of the so- 
ciety, by contributing a certain annual sum, which 
shall entitle him or her to the following advan- 
tages : — Ist. The privilege of competing for all 
?rizes. 2nd. To copies of the annual reports. 3rd. 
'o admission to the annual meeting for the distri- 
bution of prizes. 4th. To vote for the adjudica- 
tors. 5th. To admission to the reading-room, 
where all works should lie for at least four months 
after adjudication, unless they are taken to be 
printed, in which case a printed copy should l>e 
laid on the table as early as possible. A smaller 
subscription to entitle the subscriber to all the 
advantages, except that of competing for prizes. 

SCIEirriFIC EDUCATION IN TUBKEY. 

Seven academies are to be established in Turkey, 
at the cities of Constantinople, Adrianople, Salo- 
nica, Broussa, Smyrna, Bagdad, and Trebizonde, 
where, among other sciences. Mathematics, Phy- 
sics, and Chemistry, are to be especially taught. 
The lectures are to be delivered in French and in 
Turkish, and the Sultan has requested the Aca- 
demy of Sciences in Paris to send him some young 
professors. In the academies of Constantinople, 
Smyrna, and Salonica, Grammar, Geography, and 
History are to be taught in French, after the 
European manner. The professors are to have a 
fixed salary, and a pension on retirement. 

THE FBOTOOENIC ART. 

In a recent lecture at the Royal Institution, 
Mr. Faraday drew attention to a new application of 
Mr. Talbot's discovery by Messrs. Blake, Havell, 
and Willmore, several specimens of which were 
exhibited. It consisted of an imitation of engrav- 



ing, and was thus described. Lines were traced on 
a plate of glass with an opaque substance, white 
lead : and for the semi-tints, a semi-opaque sub- 
stance. The design thus traced, was, on being 
submitted to action of light, in a few minutes 
transferred to Mr. Talbot's sensitive paper, lights 
for lights, and shades for shades ; and in this we 
understood the novelty of the process to consist. 
When fixed, an exact copy was obtained. There 
was no one between the artist and the engraving, 
and no injury to the die. Multiplied impressions 
may be produced without in the least affecting the 
original design. Thus were new things produced 
from a thought, and a new application of the prin- 
ciple of <* photogenic drawings" made well worthy 
of notice. 

BEPRODUCTION OF STATUABY. 

A French Artist, M. Colas, has found the means 
of applying to sculpture a process which has much 
connection with M. Daguerre's invention. By this 
contrivance the Venus of Milo, for instance, is 
identically re>produced in all its dimensions, from 
the original size of the statue to the statuette of 
three feet, an inch, or even six lines ; and, more- 
over, it may be done in marble, stone, ivory, 
wood, alabaster, &c. M. Colas*s process employs 
the hardest as well as the softest substances, and 
his copies of statues and bas-reliefs are so complete 
that the imperceptible alterations of the marble 
worn by time are exactly re-produced. 

THE ALBION FBESS. 

It is at all times eminently gratifying to observe a 
right, sound, liberal, and what may be fairly termed 
sympathetic feeling between the employer and the 
employed — neither of which can prosper or even 
exist, without the other. In no art, manufactory, or 
occupation ought that feeling to be so strikingly 
predominant as amongst those who are connected 



«8(J LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, AND MISCELLANEOUS MEMORABILIA. 



with the Press, an engine of all-commanding 
power, greater than even steam itself. We say 
this, because they have, within their grasp, the 
means of superior enlightenment; and where 
knowledge comes she ought to be associated with 
erery virtue. It is with great pleasure therefore 
we mention, that, at a supper lately given to the 
workmen employed at Hopkinson's Albion Press 
Factory, in Finsbury, on the completion of the 
1000th " Improved Albion Press, '* a spirit of more 
than usual harmony, unanimity, and cordial sym- 
pathy between ** master and man'' prevailed ; a 
spirit which clearly shewed that they knew their 
interests to be one and indissoluble. 

On the very spur of the moment, as it . were, 
William Hawkins, one of the workmen, wrote and 
sang the following song, which was received with 
reiterated cheers. The haste and rapidity with which 
it was written form an abundant excuse for any 
little errors that it may betray. 

" When a nation's right or glory calls 
*Ti8 * Albion's Sons' and ' Wooden Walls ;' 
But here my friends let's make a pause, 
The Albion Press now claims applause. 
From year to year three hearty good cheers 
For the Albion Factory Huzza, Boys, 
For the Albion Factory huzza 1 

'* It numbers high and proudly stands, 
'Tis known in every foreign land ; 
The trump of fame now pounds it forth 
From east to west from south to north. 
From year to year, &c. &c. 

*' Its enemies spring up apace, 
But soon they fall into disgrace. 
The more they try to cut it down, 
Their malice speiUcs Its great renown. 
From year to year, &c. &c. 

** The time my friends you see has come. 
That a Thousand Improved ones are done : 
And now my boys we'U all rejoice. 
And with the utmost strain of voice. 
Sing from year to year, &c. &c. 

" Long live our Master and his Wife, 
To enjoy the fruits of a useful life, 
And happy with us may they stay, 
Till crowned with joy they end their days. 
From year to year, &c. &c. 

" Let peace and concord be our chief, 
In sickness give each other relief, 
When business calls let's not delay, 
But let us merrily hammer away. 
From year to year, &c. &c." 

CURIOUS AND UNIQUE VOLUME. 

At the sale at Mr. Sotheby's rooms, of the 
miscellaneous library of the late Edmund Lodge, 
Esq., Clarenceux King-at-Arms, the following 
curious and unique volume was purchased by Mr. 
Bent, of the Aldine Chambers, Paternoster-row, 
for the sum of £13 10s :— " The Mirour of Maies- 
tie, or the Badges of Honour conceitedly em- 
blazoned, with emblems annexed, poetically un- 
folded, by H. G., remarkably fine copy, in half 
morocco. — London, printed by W. L., 1618. — 
The only other impression of it which has occured 
for sale, or even known, was in the White Knight 
collection, where it sold for £18. It was resold at 
Perry's sale for £17 17s ; and again in Heber's 



collection for £7 lOs. The title of that copy was 
reprinted, and the imprint was di£ferent from the 
present, independent of the date being altered to 
1619." 

LITBBABY FUND. 

After the meeting of the committee on Wed- 
nesday, April 10, the Literary Fund Club enter- 
tained as many of the fifty stewards for the ensuing 
fiftieth, or jubilee anniversary, on the 8th of May, 
as favoured it with their company at the Freemasons' 
Tavern, Mr. B. Bond Cabell in the chair, support- 
ed on the right and left by Mr. Hope and Sir Wm. 
Chatterton, vice presidents. The health of H.R.H. 
the Duke of Cambridge, who has condescended to 
preside on that occasion, was toasted vrith every 
demonstration of gratefrd respect ; and the whole 
entertainment, witii the arrangements in progress, 
and the numerous acceptance of invitations by 
distinguished persons, give promise of a brilliant 
meeting on the appointed day. 

INVENTION OF LITHOGBAPHT. 

Fifty years ago, there lived at Munich a poor 
fellow, by name Aloys Senefelder, who was in so 
little repute as an author aifd artist, that printers 
and engravers refused to publish his works at their 
own charges, and so set him upon some plan to do 
without their aid. In the first place, Aloys in- 
vented a certain kind of ink which would resist the 
action of the acid that is usually employed by 
engravers, and with this he made his experiments 
upon copper-plates as long as he could afford to 
purchase them. He found that to write upon the 
plates backwards, after the manner of engravers, 
required much skill and many trials, and he 
thought that were he to practise upon any other 
polished surface — a smooth stone, for instance, the 
least costly article imaginable — ^he might spare the 
expense of the copper until he had sufficient skill to 
use it. One day, it is said, that Aloys was called 
upon to write — rather an humble composition for 
an author and an artist — a washing bill. He had 
no paper at hand, and so he vnrote out the bill with 
some of his newly-invented ink, upon one of his 
Kilheim stones. Some time afterwards he thought 
he would try and take an trnpresnofi of his waslmig 
bill — ^he did, and succeeded. Senefelder invented 
lithography. — Westminster Review. 

GOTHIC ABCHITECTUBB. 

. A Society for promoting the study of Gothic 
Architecture (the most picturesque and fitting for 
our country and climate) has been formed at Oxford. 

CONVOCATION OF BOOKSELLEBS. 

The principal booksellers in Leipsic, Berlin, 
Frankfort, and other great marts in Prussia, Han- 
over, &c. &c*, have proposed to invite a convoca- 
tion of their order from every country in Europe 
(why not America also, where the work of chei^ 
reprinting is carried on upon so extensive a scale ?), 
to discuss the best means of putting a stop to the 
injurious and dishonest practice of piracy, which so 
generally prevails, and devise a system of mutual 
intercourse for the benefit of " the TVeufe^" and wo 
trust, of the producers and authors also. 



BOOKS JUST PUBLISHED. 



287 



ODD AND RARB ETCHIKGS. 

A carious collection of Etchings by Rembrandt, 
Albert Durer, Claude, Berghem, Paul Potter, and 
other celebrated masters, tiie property of the late 
Marechal Massena, were lately sold by auction, by 



order of his executors, at Paris. The prices were 
beyond all former sales : some of the most exquisite 
morceatup were secured for this country, probably 
to be added to the national collection in the 
British Museum. 



TO SUBSCRIBERS AND CORRESPONDENTS. 



In the commencing Number of the new volume of 
Ths Aldine Magazine, we shall have the plea- 
sure of introducing one or two novel, and, as we 
trust they will prove, interesting features. 

The able paper of L. K. R. on the Canadian 
subject is declined, simply because it is not our 
intention to allow The Aldine Magazine to be 
converted into an arena for political discussion. It 
is our wish that it be preserved sacred to the 
amenities of social life. 

The papers of Amina are under consideration. 

Our Mend W. C. S., of Doncaster, ought to 
have received a packet of books and papers from us 
several weeks ago. 



Why have we not heard from Alpha ? 

To C. R's enquiry respecting Cheveley, or the 
Man of Honour, we answer, — " No." We are 
not disseminators of scandal. . . 

We shall have the pleasure of attending to 
E. B. P., the champion of Dr. Gregory, next 
month. ' 

At present, it is not practicable for us to avail 
ourselves of the swvicies of Ata. 

The only objection to '* Lines written in a 
Bible "is, that they are of a character too exclu- 
sively religious for the pages of a general literary 
misceUany. 



WORKS IN THE PRESS. 



In one volume 8vo. Memoirs of Margaret qf 
Lancaster, Countess of Richmond and Derby ; by 
Miss Halstead, daughter of the late distinguished 
Admiral Halstead. We understand, through a 
source upon which we can fully rely, that this is a 
work of extraordinary researdi and talent, and 
worthy, in every respect, of the daughter of a 



brave British officer. In the progress of the work, 
Miss Halstead has consulted documents from every 
great library in England, public and private. 

A History of Gibraltar, Historical and Le- 
gendary ; by Captain Hort, an officer of sterling 
merit and ability, who has be^i three years resident 
in the fortress. 



BOOKS JUST PUBLISHED. 



Lindsay's Letters on Egrpt, Edom, &c., fliird edition, S 

vols, post Svo. 24s. doth. 
The Englishman's Greek Coucordance, royal 8vo. SL Ss. 

cloth. 
A Narrative of the Greek Mission, by Rev. S. S. Wilson, 

Svo. 12s. cloth. 
Banyan's Pilgrim's Progress, by Soathey, new edition, 

crown Svo. lOs. 6d. doth. 
Hours of Sadness, or Instructions and Comforts for 

Mourners, fcp. 69. cloth. 
ICrs. Hewitt's Scriptare Emblems, l8mo. 38. doth. 
Wordswortti's Greek Grammar, l2mo. ss. 6d. doth. 
Parliaments and Comicils of England from William I. 

to the Revolution in l688, Svo. 30s. boards. 
Prout's Sketches in France, Switzerland, and Italy, imp. 

folio. 41. 48. hatf-boond. 
Tayler's Bee-Keeper's Manual, second edition, l2mo. 4s. 

doth. 
Wilson on the Com Laws, Svo. Ss. doth. 
Mosdey's lUastrations of Mechanics, fcp. Ss. doth. 
JUndley's School Botany, fcp. 68. doth. 
Meade's Manual of Apothecaries' Hall, limo. lOs. 6d. 

doth. 
Curtis on Health, new edition, fcp. Ss. fld. doth. 
Bidiersteth on Prayer, new edition, fis. doth. 
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■JifL 



f 



• 



/ 




i^^^^Cj^ 



/ 



ri 



THE 



ALDINE MAGAZINE 



OF 



hiagpcnfibv* BAUosraplbp^ €ntitifim, ntdi tbt 9Ms* 



THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS, 



" Kings and statesmen have thought the encoiuCagemeiit of theit arts at home to be as much 
a part of their duty as the defence of their country in the field, or the maintenance of its interests 
in the cabinet* A taste for what is beautiful is one great step to a taste for what is good." 

James's " Desultory Man," 



Last month, the Want of spad^ pretented us 
from extending our views respecting the 
Royal Academy of Arts— its past and pre- 
sent state — its government, objects, &c. 
We are now enabled to resume the subject 
more effectively. Accident has placed be- 
fore us three pamphlets, reference to which 
will render our task coiliparatively light: 
1. "A Letter to Lord John Russell, Her 
Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for 
the Home Departmenti on the alleged Claim 
of the Public to be admitted gratis to the 
Exhibition of the Royal Academy, by Sir 
Martin Archer Shee, President of the Royal 
Academy, F. R. S. ;" — 2. " A Lettei* to Jo- 
seph Hume, Esq., M. P., in reply to his 
Aspersions on the Character and Proceedings 
of the Royal Academy, by Sir Martin Ar- 
cher Shee, President of the Royal Academy, 
P. R. S., &c. ;"— 3. " A Letter to Sir Mar- 
tin Archer Shee, F. R. S., President of the 
Royal Academy of Arts, &c., on the Reform 
of the Royal Academy, by Edward Edwards, 
Esq., Hon. Secretary of the Art Union of 
London." All these pamphlets are, we be- 
lieve, restricted to private circulation ; some 
intimation of their contents may, therefore, 
be the more acceptable. 

From the '* Advertisement" prefixed, it 
appears that Sir M. A. Shoe's first-men- 
tioned " Letter originated from a wish ex- 
pressed by the noble Lord to whom it is 
addressed, that the writer would state to 
him the grounds on which the Royal Aca- 
demy objects to admit the public gratui- 
tously, at any period during the Exhibition." 
A contemporary, following in our wake, has 

VOL. I. JUNE, 1839. 



given a tolerably clear condensed view of 
the actual position of the Royal Academy, 
in most of its bearings^ as regards the public. 
It well sustains and illustrates otir own 
previous representation. For the sake of 
bf evity, we shall adopt his words : — 



t( 



First, then, as to its fiinds : the Public has 
never been called upon to support the Academy; 
it receives nothing from Grovemment, except the 
loan of a suite of rooms. These rooms are now 
part of the National Gallery ; but they belong to 
the Academy as justly as if they had been pur- 
chased and paid for. Their original residence 
they received as a gift from George HI. — such 
residence being, at the time he gave it, his Ma- 
jest3r's private property. And when, subse- 
quently, he disposed of that property to the 
Nation, he expressly stipulated that apartments 
in UeU thereof, should be fitted up for, and ap- 
propriated to, the Academy in Somerset House. 
Their removal from Somerset House to Trafal- 
gar Square may have been beneficial to the 
members, but the transfer was also a public con- 
venience. The apartments they formerly occu- 
pied they have resigned to the CrownJ Its 
mcome is derived solely from its annual exhibi- 
tions; the sum thus collected is disbursed in 
payments for the maintenance of the schools, in 
salaries to professors, keeper, hbrarian, and 
secretary, and the necessary servants ; for the 
delivery of lectures; for the prizes distributed 
every year; in maintaining a student on the 
contment ; and, above all, in supporting decayed 
artists, their widows, and children — not the wi- 
dows and children of members only ; large sums 
have been distributed among those whose only 
claim upon it was that they, or their progenitors, 
had been meritorious labourers in the profession. 
A sum of 300,000/. has been raised by the Aca- 
demy, since its foundation, from one only source 
— its annual exhibition. For nearly half a cen- 

2f 



290 



THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS. 



tury, there was no other institution for educating 
artists; no other " charity" to which distressed 
artists could apply for relief; and hoth projects 
were largely accomplished without a call having 
ever been made upon the Country to assist in 
forwarding objects in which the country was 
deeply interested ; — England being, we believe, 
the only civilized nation of the world which has 
never granted money from the public coffers to 
accomphsh a purpose not deemed alone desir- 
able, not alone honourable, but necessary ; ne- 
cessary to extend its fame, to improve its citi- 
zens, and to uphold its intellectual rank." 

Sir M. A. Shee, in his Letter to Lord John 
Russell, states more fully, as follows : — 

" The Royal Academy has supported, for more 
than half a century, the only National School 
of Art in the kingdom ; — a species of institution 
considered of so much importance in most other 
civilized communities as to be supported by the 
state. They have established professors and 
gratuitous lectures in the different departments 
of Art ; they have instituted numerous prizes to 
excite emulation and stimulate industry; they 
have accumulated a valuable collection of casts, 
prints, and books, and provided every material 
and means of ^tudy necessary for cultivating the 
pursuits of taste; they have gratuitously edu- 
cated more than seventeen hundred students, 
the most promising of whom have been enabled 
to pursue their studies in the schools of Italy, 
at the expense of the Academy, and the least 
successful of whom have been instructed in those 
acquirements which have qualified them to be- 
come useful agents of manufacturing improve- 
ment, when foiled in their ambition to ^Ifil a 
higher destination. 

" These important services rendered to their 
country at the sacrifice of nearly three hundred 
thousand pounds, raised by the joint labours of 
artists, and disinterestedly devoted by them to 
pubhc objects, must, I conceive, under any just 
estimate of their value, effectually turn the ba- 
lance in favour of the Academy, even though 
they decline to endanger their property and 
diminish their means^, by opening their doors to 
a promiscuous multitude, or submitting a royal 
establishment to the tender mercies of radical 
renovation !" * * * * 



" It is somewhat mortifying, my Lord, that 
the merits and services of the Royal Academy 
should be so little known or understood by the 
pubUc, as to require to be thus explained and 
enumerated. It may be said, indeed, to be 
rather extraordinary that, an institution, unsur- 
passed, if not unexampled, for the disinterested- 
ness and integrity of its proceedings, should be 
aspersed and misrepresented unceasingly as 
composed of selfish monopohsts and mercenary 
traders in taste ; — ^that it should be assailed with 
asperity even in the senate, without a voice 
bemg raised in its defence amongst those from 
whose better feeling and better knowledge we 



might reasonably have expected an in^isnant 
exposure of such calumnious imputations. * * 

"To speak candidly, my Lord, the govern- 
ment may be said to be much more interested in 
the preservation of the Royal Academy than die 
members of which that body is composed. 
What personal or selfish advantage can those 
eminent artists derive from the existence of an 
institution whose direct object it is to raise up 
rivals to themselves? What motive but zeal 
for the advancement of the arts and the honour 
of their country can induce them to submit their 
works, already well known in the circles of taste, 
to the ordeal of an annual exhibition, subject 
to the animadversions of ignorance and malevo- 
lence, and eitposed to have their supremacy 
contested, and their hard-earned laurels shakoi, 
if not torn from their brow, by the vigorous 
grasp of rising genius? But it may be reason- 
ably alleged that the government have aonoe 
interest in the preservation of an institution 
which has performed for them an important 
duty ; a duly which, unquestionably, they would 
long since have been required to discharge, if 
the zeal and patriotism of the Academy had not 
furnished them with an excuse for neglecting it. 

" This duty, my Lord, the Academy are still 
willing to perform without stipend or stipu- 
lation. They are still wilhng to employ their 
time, their talents, and their funds, for the ad- • 
vantage of their axt and their countir. But if 
their services are not considered of sufficient 
importance to insure them respect, and entitle 
them to protection ; — ^if those whose office it is 
to watch over the great interests of the state dis- 
approve of the manner in which the Academy 
perform their volunteered task; — if it be at 
length discovered that the affairs of art ca^ be 
conducted more beneficially for the country 
under ministerial management, and that a fund 
of ten or twelve thousand pounds a-year can be 
appropriated for that purpose, the members of * 
the Royal Academy will, I have no doubt, be 
among the first to hail the flattering prospect, 
and will readily surrender tHe privilege which 
they have been so long allowed to enjoy — ^tfaat 
of supporting a National Institution at their 
own expense !" 

On the main, though absurd, question of 
free admission. Sir M. A. Shee thus judi- 
ciously remarks : — 

"The property thus required to be thrown 
open to indiscriminate access is neither the pro- 
perty of the pubhc nor of the Academy. It 
belongs to incuviduals who have intrusted it to 
that Institution for an express purpose. It is 
composed of articles particularly liable to injury; 
and we have no right to use it in any manner 
hkely to endanger its preservation, or which was 
not in the contemplation of those who committed 
it to our charge. If any damt^ were to take 
place, the injury would be without redress, — 
the pubhc would not indemnify the su£feier> and 
the Academy could not be held responsible. 



THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS. 



291 



**Take, for instance, the Sculpture-room of 
the Royal Academy, filled, as it is at present, 
with most valuable works in marble, crowded in 
a space which allows scarcely more than two 
spectators to pass abreast between the different 
articles submitted to inspection. With what 
feelings would Sir Francis Chantrey, Sir Richard 
Westmacott, and Mr. Bailey learn that produc- 
tions on which they had been employed for 
years, — for which some thousands of pounds 
were to be paid, and for the perfect preservation 
of which they were responsible to the proprietors, 
had been thrown open to the promiscuous ac- 
cess of the mob ; that a committee of coal- 
heavers — an assemblage of connoisseurs irom 
Field-lane and St. Giles's — ^had been invited by 
the 'Academy to polish their manners, refine 
their feelings, and cultivate their taste at the 
expense of tiie unhappy artists, who must submit 
to whatever mischief or mutilation might be 
inflicted on their works while exposed to so 
rough an ordeal of criticism ?" * * 

"The rush of a crowd into the Miniature 
apartment would be still more likely to produce 
damage and depredation. The productions ex- 
hibited there are for the most part small and 
valuable ; they are not very effectually secured 
on the walls to which they are attached, and are 
all in i^ames furnished with expensive glasses, 
liable to be broken on the slightest pressure. 
No vigilance of police or Academic superintend- 
ence could guard the property eimosed to plun- 
der in such circumstances, or bame the furtive 
ingenuity with which such small objects would 
be wrenched from their places, pocketed, and 
carried off in the crowd. Even as it is, we find 
it impossible to prevent theft. Scarcely a year 
passes in which some miniature is not stolen ; 
and the Academy has been so often called on to 
make good the loss, as to render necessary a 
pubhc notice, that though the Institution would 
take all possible care of the works intrusted to 
their charge, they could not be responsible for 
damage or loss from accident, fire, or any other 
cause." 

In his Letter to Mr. Hume, Sir M. A. 
Shee is pointed and severe — though not 
more severe than just. 

** I believe. Sir, notwithstanding the dilletante 
drilling to which you have so patiently sub- 
mitted, in order to fit yourself for the service in 
which you have engaged, you have not, as yet, 
obtained any particular distinction for your 
knowledge of the Fine Arts. Matters of taste 
do not appear to be in your department. Your 
•sensibilities have never been excited to the ma- 
nifestation of any interest in their behalf. Your 
invectives against the Academy, therefore, are 
as rash and intemperate as they are pointless 
and unprovoked. They betray a spirit of ran- 
'coor and virulence more characteristic of private 
p$qae ttnd personal enmity, than of that mea- 
sured animadversion and regulated reproof which 



a liberal reformer would employ even in the 
most ardent pursuit of public objects. But 
liiough your darts have been poisoned with the 
skiU of a Cherokee, and your aim has been 
deadly, they have failed to mfiict a wound, not 
from want of venom in the instruments, but of 
vigour in the arm by which they have been 
thrown." 

Alluding to the zeal of the honourable 
advocate for the public appropriation o£ pri- 
vate property. Sir M. A. Shee observes : — 

" You do not hesitate to assert that a portion 
of the expense incurred for the support of the 
Academy, is supplied from the Public purse. 
You are reported. Sir, to be as peculiarly con- 
versant in the lore that relates to the outlay of 
the National funds, as you are vigilant in pre- 
venting their misappropriation. Can you ad- 
duce in support of your assertion, any grant of 
the public money to the Royal Academy ? Can 
you prove that a single shilling has been con- 
tributed by the Government towards the main- 
tenance of that Institution, since its first estab- 
lishment? If you cannot do this. Sir, you 
must allow me to express my wonder, by what 
extraordinary process of mis-conception, — ^by 
what pecuhar impulse of inaccuracy, you have 
been led pubhcly to make an assertion, hazarded 
in the face of the explicit statement made to you 
l^ me, in the conversation which took place 
between us on the subject, — ^the minutes of 
which now he before me, — an assertion, also, in 
the face of the still more exphcit statement con- 
tained in my letter to Lord John Russell, of 
which you were frimished with a copy, and 
which I here quote : — 

" * The Royal Academy, although instituted 
' for the promotion of great National objects, 
' and powerfully sustaining those objects, is not 
' a National Establishment. Though rendering 

* important public services, it is not, in any 

* respect, supported or assisted, nor has it ever 
' been supported or assisted, from any public 
•fund.'" * ♦ * ♦ 

'* It would appear. Sir, that you have no ob- 
jection to the use of a little intimidation when 
it can be employed against Deans and Chapters. 

" But reinforced by the two powerfiil engines 
with which you now take the field, Don Quixote's 
attack upon the windmill is not to be compared 
to the vigour of your advance against Cathedrals 
and Academies. You manoeuvre your force too, 
with the judgment of a skilful engineer. You 
bring to bear upon each of your opponents the 
battery most likely to be effective, and you ter- 
rif'y the priests, while you shame the painters. 

" I do not presume. Sir, to offer a conjecture 
as to the effect which your fiilminations may 
produce upon the right reverend bench, or to 
jud^e whether enough of the Church militant 
spirit remains to enable them to sustain with 
fortitude your alarming menace. But, for the 
Royal Academy, 

* There are no terrors, Cassias, in thy looks.' 



392 



THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS. 



'' Armed alike against fear or shame^ in the 
proud panoply of honour and truth, we disdain 
the recreant who would meanly yield in such a 
cause; and when you attempt to hatter in 
hreach, you will find the Academic fortress more 
impregnable even than the Tower; — ^you will 
be overset in the recoil of your own. guns, and 
catch, by rebound, the shame which you would 
cast upon the Academy." ♦ ♦ * * 

" I shrink not. Sir, from the encounter, even 
though you come forward as the great Goliali 
of the fray. As to your allies of the pencil and 
the pen, I shall only say, sansfa^on — 

* Let baffled quacJks in rabid rage * abuse 
My father, mother, body, soul, and muse I' 

" Let them swear ' by all the gods !' that I 
am a bad painter, a worse poet, and, to crown 
all, an academic monopohst ! Whatever my 
claims may be, the censure of such assailants I 
defy. Their praise, indeed, might be fatal ; 
for, — 

* Of all mad preature8,-~if the learn'd are right, — 
It is the slaver kills, and not the bite.' — Pope. 

" I advocate. Sir, no private or personal ob- 
ject. Selfish interests have never prompted my 
pen ; my pencil has never courted tne dispensers 
of patronage or fame, nor have I ever sought to 
gain by intrigue what talent could not procure 
for me. On personal grounds I do not believe 
I have an enemy ; — on such grounds I should 
grieve to deserve one. But if an unflinching 
zeal in the cause of the Arts, — if an honest 
ardour in defence of an Institution, whose ser>- 
vices entitle it to the respect and gratitude oi 
the country, should expose me to the shafts of 
professional malevolence, the rancour of party, 
or even the frown of authority, I am ready to 
abide the consequences and to pay the penalty." 

Mr. Edwards, though apparently an ad- 
mirer of Mr* Hume, is an assailant of a 
different, and pf a far more honourable cha- 
racter. Many of his notions, however, we 
deem to be erroneous. Repudiating the 
charge of corruption, that, says he, " of 
which public opinion really does accuse the 
Academy, is unprogressiveness and inade- 
quacy to the wants of the time." In refu- 
tation of this opinion, let the reader take 
the trouble of referring to the early cata- 
logues of the institution, and of comparing 
them with those of recent date, and he will 
then be enabled to judge whether the arts 
of painting have or have not advanced by 
means of the Academy. Afterwards, ind<?ed, 
Mr. Edwards admits, ** that, since the foun- 
dation of the Royal Academy, the circum- 
stances of the Arts in this country have 
wholly changed." If so, from what cause 
has the change arisen, but from the united 
efforts alpiie pf the members of the Acade^^ 



my, and from their libenil and even generofus 
impartiality, evinced towards their profes- 
sional brethren, not belonging to the insti- 
tution. ? ** Had the Royal Academy," ob- 
serves Mr. Edwards, " met the demand 
upon it by frankly originating B,fuU inquiry 
into its constitution and. affairs, with the ex- 
press view of making it a really National 
Institution, and of obtaining for it such 
powets and such means as should render it 
fully adequate to its objects, it would then 
have met with firm and zealous friends in 
many of those who, not unreasonably, have 
been made suspicious of it by its apparent 
unwillingness to put up with a continued 
uncertain and irresponsible character." Now. 
though we do not conceive that the Acade- 
my was, in any respect, bound to respond to 
any demand of the nature alluded to by Mr. 
Edwards, it did respond : it did meet the 
inquiry, in the fullest extent, before a Com- 
mittee of the House of Commons. It was 
weighed in the balance, and was not found 
wanting. 

Mr. Edwards is an advocate for what he 
considers — we can hardly perceive how or 
why — ^a grand reform. By way of sum- 
mary, he contends, that the most desirable 
reform in the Royal Academy — the refonn 
which would most extend and strengthen.its 
usefulness — consists 

'* 1, In the separation of its functions as tfs* 
semhly of honour, and as school of instruction, 
from those which are connected with the amtual 
exhibition^ cpnfining it wholly to the fonner« 

*^ 2, In the removal of the limitation as to the 
number of its members ; the recognition of en- 
gravers as full members, forming an integntl 
part of the acadennc body ; and the aboUtion of 
the class of associates. 

" 3, In the appropriation of such a sum from 
pubUc fimds as mm be sufficient, when added 
to the proceeds of the funded property at present 
possessed by the Academy, to ])rovide for the 
liberal increase of its means of instruction— an 
lectures, collections, and the like — and for its 
future permanent maintenance, as assembly aad 
as central school ; and, 

" 4, In adequate provision for the official ia-' 
spection of its schools, and for the publication 
of periodical reports upon its genend proceed-' 
ings." ' 

On these points we by no means consider 
Mr. Edwards's reasoning to be conclusivet 
The Academy consists of forty Members, 
twenty Associates, and six Associate En- 
gravers. If the number of Academicians 
were to be increased, the honour would be 
rd^d^ed less an object of emulation and 



r 



JUNE. BEAUTIFUL JUNE. 



2g3 



desire. We believe, too, that, notwith- 
standing the improved state of the arts, it 
"wonld be extremely difficult materially to 
increase the number of Academicians in a 
manner satisfactory to the Academy and to 
the public. It is not improbable that there 
may be, at the present time, some two or 
three painters superior in talent to some two 
or three of the present Academicians ; but 
this admission does not nullify the first ob- 
jection, that an increase of the number of 
members would diminish the value of the 
honour sought ; nor can it be received as a 
proof, thaf , although there may at this time 
be a larger number of individuals than forty, 
eligible for the academic chair, the supply, 
in point of merit in all respects, could be 
constantiy kept up. 

Why the class of Associates should be 
abolished, we cannot at all comprehend. 
Admission into that class must be received 
as evidence of the eligibility of the indivi- 
duals to become candidates, on vacancy, for 
the higher honour of Academician. 

The painter is, in a certain sense of the 
word, a creator: on the other hand, the en- 
graver, originates nothing — he is only a 
copyist. The engravers, however, are likely 
to get over their difficulty by obtaining a 
chartered corporation of their own. 

To enter into a minute examination of all 
Mr. Edwards's fancies would lead us to the 
production of a pamplet equal at least in 
extent to the one with which he has favoured 
us. They are thus summarily disposed of 
by onr contemporary before alluded to : — 



" HiB principal project for removing com- 
plaints and renovating its [the Academy's] con- 
stitution, is to place the management of the 
' Exhibition' in the hands of an * elective' body, 
chosen by the whole of the exhibitors, of a cer- 
tain standing. How many are to compose the 
body he does not inform us; whether the mem- 
bers of the Academy, being 'exhibitors,' are 
eUgible to be included in it; neither does he 
enlighten us as to what he means by ' a certain 
standing;' — ^whether such men as we see, for 
the first time this year, cHmbing suddenly to 
the topmost branch of the tree, are to be ex- 
cluded from it; how the election is to take 
place ; whether the elected are to have any ac- 
knowledged head to guide them; and if not, 
who is to arbitrate in case of squabbles, and de- 
cide in the event of difierences irreconcileable ; 
whether * most votes are to carry it;' and if so, 
whether the votes are to be taken when all the 
hangers are present, or when only one hanger is 
by ; whether they are to be responsible or irre- 
sponsible, and if the former, to whom; whether 
they are to be known or unknown to the pubUc ; 
whether they are, or are not, to be paid for some 
three weeks of incessant, irksome, and thankless 
labour ; whether each person elected is to be 
compelled to act '• will he nill he ;' and when fdl 
is done, which of the hangers an ill-used artist 
is to call to account for under^king a task he 
was not forced to undertake as a part of his duty. 
In short, a more visionary scheme was never, 
we think, proposed; it is so obviously absurd 
that we marvel a gentieman of taste and abihty 
could seriously propose it and consider his pro- 
position as ' at once just, practicable, and per- 
fectly safe, as regards all existing interests.' '' 



So much for Academic Reform ! 



e 



JUNE, BEAUTIFUL JUNE. 



BY HSNRY BRANDRETH. 



Morning is breaking, and beautiful June 
Is born, the bright child of the lovely May-moon; 
Not a star in the sky, not a live thing on earth. 
But sparkles in beauty or sings in its mirth. 
Let 'em sing, let 'em sparkle — since pass away 

soon 
Will the birthday of June, bright and beautiful 

.June, 



Pride of the maidens, a rosy-cheek'd boy 

Dances along amid music and joy ; 

For his are the fountain, the fruit, and the 

flower; 
And his the green forest, the sunshine, the 

shower. 
Their reed-pipes at sunset the shepherds attune. 
And welcome the laughter of beautiful June. 



Behold him again in his manhood's bold pride. 
From the temple of Hymen he comes with his bride ; 
Over mountain and valley he leads her along. 
While round him uprises the shout or the song ; 
And the burthen is, " Oh ! may July's sunny noon 
Bless the bridal of June, bright and beautiful June !" 



n 



THE ENGLISH IN ALGIERS.* 



MoBALLT and polilically, and almost geo- 
graphically, the position of Algiers has been 
greatly altered within the last quarter of a 
century. The suppression of piracy, and of 
the consequent slavery of Europeau captives, 
by the determined energy of the British go- 
vernment, through Admiral Lord Exmouth, 
some years ago, effected material changes in 
the poUcy of the Algerine government, and 
in the revenue of the state ; and, more re- 
cently, the rapacious seizure and occupation 
of the country, by the French, has produced 
a moral revolution amongst the people, the 
extent or termination of which it is not yet 
possible to foresee. Superadded to all this, 
the rapid communication between Europe 
and Africa, by means of steam, has excited 
— and not only excited, but been the means 
of gratifying — a new interest in whatevet 
may appertain to the ancient world. 

Within these few years. Sir Grenville 
Temple, and other able and intelligent tra- 
vellers, have thrown much light upon the 
history, ancient and modem, natural and 
political, of that portion of the African con- 
tinent in which Carthage formerly flourished, 
and in which the Moors and Turks have 
since established a government of the most 
despotic and tyrannical nature. To those 
writers, antiquaries and the literati in general 
haye been greatly indebted. 

We were led to expect, that the book, 
entitled " Six Years' Residence in Algiers," 
with which Mrs. Broughton has just fa- 
voured the pubHc, was intended farther to 
enlighten us upon the history of that country, 
or upon its existing state. In this expecta- 
tion, it was our fate to be grievously disap- 
pointed. After a superlatively ridiculous 
dedication, we learn, by a few prefatory pa- 
ragraphs, that the volume before us has " no 
pretensions to the character of a regular and 
connected narrative" of any kind; that it 
consists " simply of extracts from a diary 
of occurrences" kept by the ostensible au- 
thor's mother, " during a residence of six 
years in Algiers, from the year 1806 to 
181^" (only twenty- seven years ago !) while 
her '* late father, Henry Stanyford Blanck- 



* Six Years Residence in Algiers. By Mrs. 
Broughton. 1 Vol., post 8vo. Saunders and 
Otley. 1839. ' 



ley, held the appointment of His Britannic 
Majesty's Agent, and Consul General at 
Algiers ;*' and that, to the said '' extracts," 
the said ostensible author has *' added cer- 
tain Reminiscences or Souvenirs" of her own! 

Well ! if we cannot obtain what we wish, 
or had been induced to expect, we must 
make the best of what we can get. Fint, 
however, let us premise, that the lady's 
diary ought to have been extensively pruned, 
and much condensed; and that the entire 
work should have been subjected to a rigid 
correction and revisal, previously to its in- 
troduction to public notice. Instead of a 
clumsy volume of more than 450 pages, we 
might, by these means, have been presented 
ynth. one of diminished bulk» md more 
pleasant to read. Of what possible import 
can it be for the public to be informed, that 
" Mr. Blanckley went to town this mcnning 
through acttial torrents of rain "— ^that •* Mr. 
B. and I both slept in town" — ^that •' I ac^ 
companied my family to town, from whence 
we embarked in a boat, under the customary 
salutes of the batteries, to celebrate the an- 
niversary of our beloved King's birth, on 
board the Niger" — that " Mr. B. went to 
town through violent rain, and returned 
much chagrined at the Dey having excused 
himself, under some plea, from granting 
him an audience" — or that •* our Italian 
cook, who has been in Mr. B's service nine- 
teen years, has to-day given us warning to 
leave us ?" Surely such twaddle as this 
might, without any distressing loss to the 
general reader, have been confined to the 
Blanckley fomUy archives. 

It appears tibiat Mr., Mrs., and Miss 
Blanckley were peculiarly unfortunate in all 
their pet animals. Par consequence, we have 
the history of a beautiful barbary horse, in- 
tended for a present to the Prince of Wales, 
but who, to escape the horrors of transport- 
ation from his native land, committed suicide 
by hanging himself, and then, instead of 
having his fine skin preserved, had it tanned ; 
of "a beautiful tame pet lamb," ** Poor 
Billy" (no sly allusion, we hope, to Lord 
Melbourne), who, ** one morning," was "no 
where to be found, nor his fate to be traced," 
until his skeleton was discovered, and it was 
ascertained that he had become the prey of 
a pack of jackalls ; of a royal eagle, who was 



THE ENGLISH IN ALGIERS. 



295 



meant for a present to the Earl of Liverpool, 
but who» through a mistake of the unlucky 
Italian cook, was killed, drawn, and trussed, 
with a view of being served up for dinner ; 
of a poor monkey, who, after playing with 
the blood of a dog supposed to have been 
mad, was seized with hydrophobia ; and of 
a tame hare, called Puss, who, in company 
with a brown-and- white spaniel, named Rich, 
used to amuse himself by hunting tbe cats, 
who at length turned upon their indefatigable 
enemy, and revenged themselves by devour- 
ing him. What a set of family disasters ! 

Here, however, is a redeeming anecdote 
of Babastro, a notorious pirate, related in 
illustration of one of Mr. Blanckley's *' most 
favourite dogmas, viz., that great benefit had 
accrued to mankind by the establishment and 
continuation of Freemasonry." 

''After the capture of an English prize by 
this so oft-named corsair, and whilst his crew 
were following their usual honourable practice 
of stripping our unfortmiate countrymen, (to 
which they induced them to submit by holding 
over them unsheathed knives,) that they, the 
galiant captors, might thus exactly ascertain the 
precise amomit of their booty ; it so occurred, 
that the master of one of the luckless English 
vessels, whose name escapes my recollection, 
whilst undergoing this unceremomous disrobins, 
made use of one of those mystic gestures, invi- 
able to all but the initiated brethren of the 
trowel and apron. Whatever that sign was, it 
passed not unnoticed, for instantly was his hand 
dasped in that of Babastro, and an immediate 
order was given by him to his satellites to re- 
lease-the Enghsh captain from their grasp ; and 
he desired, that whatever property was ascer- 
tained to belong exclusively to him, should by 
sH be held sacred, and restored to him. Nor 
were these professions a -mere fo^on de parier, 
for most strictly were they fulfilled, as I per- 
fectly remember heacring the English cajptain 
relate to us. All I recollect besides, or this 
chieftain of the privateers which so long infested 
the coast of Algiers, is, that his master, Na- 
poleon, judged him worthy of being named a 
member of the Legion of Honour, and that its 
GiOBs accordingly dangled at his boutonnihre," 

We are not particularly sorry to get away 
from Algiers, that we may be enabled to 
offer a lustoric illustration of the conduct 
of Lord Nelson, a short time before the 
battle of Trafalgar. Mr. Blanckley and his 
ftunily were at Minorca, from the Spanish 
governor of which they had experienced the 
most brutal and cruel treatmenti 

''All this was done previous to any decla- 
ration that hostiUties had tlnken place between 
Orett Britain and Spain. Were I to recount 
all the breeches of the law of nations committed 



by this Governor Ramierez towards my fiither, 
I should never leave off. They finally ended by 
his compelling us all to embark on board a 
wretched boat, at the nsk of our hves, for he 
would not permit us to await the frigate which 
we were hourly expecting. 

*' In this trying situation, my father, to en- 
sure some degree of respect to lys diplomatic 
character, caused the flags of diflerent nations to 
be displayed on the mast of , the frail bark ; and 
with such a gala appearance, we hove in sight of 
Nelson and his fleet. The singular i^pearanoe 
of our httle vessel, much puzzled our gallant 
countrymen, and when the immortal hero was 
informed of the strange sail, ' Good God, (was 
his exclamation,) it must be Mr. Blanckley, and 
the Sea Horse has missed him. Send a boat 
on board, and with my compUments, beg of him 
to come to me immediately.' As soon as my 
father entered his cabin, he met him with ex- 
tended hand. ' How, my dear Sir, could yon 
in such weather trust yourself in such a nut- 
shell? Where is your family?' When my 
father replied that we were fldl on board, he 
lifted up his hand and eyes in astonishment, and 
added, * I give you my word, I sent you the very 
first frigate I had under my command. The 
Sea Horse had only returned to the fleet the 
very day I dispatched her to you. I am sadly 
crippled for want of small craft;' — and then 
beatmg up, with his one noble hand, the cush- 
ions of the S0&, he made my father sit beside 
him, adding, * But I will not say one word more, 
until you tell me what I shall send Mrs. Blanck- 
ley for her supper." My father assured him 
that she was amply provided ; and enumerated 
aU the hve stock we had on board, and among 
other things, a pair of English coach-horses, 
which, to our no trifling inconvenience, he had 
embarked, and stowed on board ; — ' for if I 
could not have managed to bring them, I would 
rather have cut their throats, than that a Span- 
ish dragoon should mount them,' was my Other's 
concluding sentence. Lord Nelson laughed 
heartily at the enumeration of all my fiimer's 
retinue, exclaiming, ' A perfect Noah's ark, my 
dear Sir ! — ^A perfect Noah's ark !' 

" Lord Nelson's venerableparent was a very 
dear friend of my father's. Hence a more than 
ordinary interest was felt by his son in all that 
related to my father and his family ; and 
although this was their first meeting, they had 
long corresponded on terms of in&iacy. An 
end was put to all conversation of a private na- 
ture, by my father telling his Lordship that h^ 
believed he could give him news of the French 
fleet. The count^iance of the hero lighted up, 
and starting suddenly up, he instantly rung the 
little hand-bell on his table, — ' Let a ciniKil of 
war be called immediately*' 

" I cannot, in my lamented iffnonnce, repeat 
all the details my father gave of that meeting of 
heroes; — ^but I well remember, whatever was 
the communication be imparted, that he could 
not persuade Nelson of its authenticity ; for his 
repotted reply was, ' You have been deceived. 



3d6 



THE ENGLISH IN ALGIERS. 



my dear Sir ; I am better informed. I know 
that they we boimd for Egypt, for they had 
saddles on board.' I know not what the result 
would have been, had he received and acted 
upon my father's report ; but well do I remem- 
ber, whenever my father alluded to that national 
calamity, the death of the greatest of Britannia's 
sons, his sorrowful excUmiations of regret, that 
Nelson had not betieved the account he had 
given of the movements of the enemy. 

^' Upon the subject of the capture of Minorca 
being next started in the Council, Lord Nelson 
cflUcM for ' Mr. Blanckley's own plans for the tak- 
ing of that island.' After these plans had been 
spread on the cabin table, and examined. Lord 
Nelson said, * Now, Mr. Blancklev, when I have 
settled my business with the fleet, you must go 
with us to Minorca, and that wdl be ours in the 
course of twenty-four hours, and in the next 
twenty-four hours we will have taken Majorca, 
to be a cabbage sarden for you.' — Such was the 
^yful manner of the hero of a thousand battles, 

" I may here observe, that it was from plans 
drawn by my father, that his friend, Sir Charles 
Stuart (father to Lord Stuart de Rothesay,) had 
taken possession of the Island of Minorca some 
years b^ore, and it remained in the possession 
of Great Britain until afterwards ceded by 
treaties to Spain. Several years after this, on 
our return from Algiers, my father addressed 
a note to his intimate friend and schoolfellow. 
Lord Falmouth, asking him if he was acquainted 
with the then Foreign Secretary, Earl Bathurst. 
Lord Falmouth, in his reply in a note I have by 
me, said, ' He had not the honour of Lord B/s 
acquaintance ; but, my dear Blanckley,' he adds, 
' you cannot have a better introduction to his 
Lordship than the charts, which so successfully 
conduced to the taking of the Island of Minorca, 
and which, if I am not mistaken, are preserved 
in the Foreign Office in Downing Street.' 

" Before my father left the Victory, to proceed 
to Cagli^, Lord Nelson addressed a letter to 
the Irince Regent of Sardinia, recommending 
my fiither, in me warmest terms, to his Royid 
Highness ; and he assured my father, that the 
Sea Horse, immediately on its return, should be 
sent to convey us from Cagliari to Malta, where 
my father was to await Nelson's summons to 
accompany the expedition to Minorca; and he 
promised that my father should have the choice 
of any civil appointment there, that he* should 
think proper to take." 

It was in consequence of this promise of 
Lord Nelson's, that Mr. Blanckley received 
the appointment of the Algiers consulship. 

We shall close with a brief sketch of the 
ajssassination of Mustapha Pacha, Dey of 
Algiers. Sidi Hassan, the hero of the sad 
tale, was afterwards a great favourite in the 
service of the consul. 

'* Sidi. Hassan had entered the corps of Janis- 
saries at Constantinople at the age of sixteen, 
and almost immediately afterwai^ was drafted 



into that portion of them which received 4^e 
Sultan's commands to form the contingent of 
Turkish soldiers, which, in his duality of Suze- 
rain of the Regency of Algiers, ne was required 
to provide to sustain his power in that Pacha- 
lick. The young recruit's arrival in that coun- 
try Was in the latter days of the reign of the 
munificent Mustapha, in whose assassination, 
he^ in common with all the junior members of 
the Mldiery. wm, by the order, of their imnie. 
diate commanders, called upon to act in conjunc- 
tion with the chief conspirators, who had at 
length determined upon taking a demonstrative 
part. In obedience to the commands of the 
Alifa, or lieutenant of the Janissaries, Sidi Has- 
san was posted at the corner of one of the streets 
which led towards the most celebrated Maabout 
tomb< It was situated in the close vicinity to 
those of the seven Deys who each successively 
bore that title, and perished in the course of a 
single day; for an eighth candidate occupied 
the throne, whilst theybecame the inmates of 
these Mausoleums raised in commemoiation of 
this grande joumee, and which far surpassed, 
certainly, in the number of ivinemens, the more 
modern '' trois grands jours*^ of the ultimate 
successful governors of the land. 

'' In those days of undisputed Turkish sway, 
Uordre du jour received by tiie young Turkiiiji 
sentinels, who were posted at every avenue lead- 
ing to the Marabout, was, — that should their 
denounced sovereign pass, they were to fire 
upon him, under pain of death to themselves 
should they disobey these sanguinary dictates. 
Most unwiLgly d HassanlS^^nem. For, 
more than one kind word had been addressed 
to him by the now hunted Prince ; — ^but, repeat- 
ing to himself a Turkish adage of like import 
with — ' What can't be cured must be endured,' — 
he primed his fiisil, and stood where he was 
placed, inwardly hoping, 'that as the Pacha's 
day was come,' he mi^ht not escape the fire of 
all the preceding sentmels. But so it was not 
fated : — Mustaplia Pacha Dey, although he had 
already received a pistol wound in the back, of 
his neck, rushed round the comer where Hassan 
was stationed, and when he perceived that the 
lad hesitated in firing his piece, he went up to 
him, and imploringly offering him a ruby ring 
of great size, said, * Take this, my son, it is all 1 
have to bestow, for all my gold ia gone; take it, 
and spare the life of your father Mustapha*' 
'Fly!' was Hassan's reply, as he pushed the 
proffered jewel back, and with the other hand 
hid his eyes ; * I see you not.' And it was a 
truth ; for sick and famt was he at heart, and 
filled were his eyes with burning tears. "Eaet he 
had recovered the pitifril sight, the fugitive had 
pursued his wretched course ; — a long one it was 
not, — ^for but a minute or two elapsed before 
the sound of repeated shots announced that it 
was at an end. In a few more, the mangled 
corse of him/ who, but the eve before, could 
have pronounced His murderer's doom, was 
draped before the sickening sight of the com- 
passionate Hassan." 



THE LATE JAMES BIRD AND HIS WRITINGS. 



A TRiffUTE, howsoever Humble, to the me- 
mory of James Bird, has pecuHar claims on 
the attention of every reader and patron of 
Thb Aldikb Magazine, for its lamented 
8ul]gect was at once-^no very frequent com- 
bination — an author and a bookseller. 

Bird was a native of the county of Suffolk, 
in the very garden of which he lived and 
died% His was no " strange, eventful his- 
tory," but that of a man who honoured lite- 
rature and virtue for their own sake — of a 
man to whom philanthropy, truth, and be- 
nevolence, were ever sacred. Few were the 
loiown incidents by which his life was 
checquered ; but if tiiought and feeling — if 
the workings of the brain and heart of man 
stand for aught, and could be recorded — - 
his brief and noiseless career would excite 
infinitely more interest than the ** moving 
accidents by flood and field" of many of 
those whose memoirs occupy huge tomes. 
His* genius was fresh and versatile: his 
qualities of heart were of the rarest and 
noblest order. 

James Bird, the son of a substantial far- 
mer, and the eighth of nine children, was 
bom at Deerbolts Hall, Earl's Stonham, 
Suffolk, on the 10th of November, 1788* 
Bom, says he, 

*' ^in a dear> detightfdl, rustic spot, 

'Mid nature's sweetest, though secluded 
bowers, 
I drew my first breath in no lowly cot ; 

My ' father's hall,' though destitute of towers. 
Rote high o'er stately oaks, aud hill, and grot. 
And rieh domains, and verdant meads, and 
flowers. 
To Heaven aspiring, in its * pride of place.' "* 

Mr. Bird may be said to have been, in a 
great measure, self-educated. In his child- 
hood, he went to a day-school; and if we 
reflect upon the nature of village day-schools, 
as they were usually conducted forty years 
ago, it will be difficult to imagine that he 
acquired much ** useful knowledge" there, 
even of a preparatory description. Nor does 
tke pttpH appear to have been much more 
fortunate when, at the age of thirteen, he 
was removed to the grammar school, at 
Needham Market, a short distance from 
Deerbolts Hall. Of the master of the 
school — " one whose race is now extinct*' 

* Poetical Memoirs. 



— ^he has drawn, as there is reason to be- 
lieve, a full length portrait, in his poem of 
" The Emigrant' 8 TaleJ' 



ts 



-The grandeur of his face 



Was Uke the ancient Roman's, wisely stem ; 
He did not teach, but ordered us to team I 
In all the solemn labour of the school. 
He thought, and looked> and moved, and spoke 

by rule. 
And, as he shook his learned head, and cast 
His eye around, that threatened as it past. 
Each glance was measured, every shake so true, 
That e'en the motion of his ponderous queue 
Seemed Uke a formal pendulum of lead. 
To time the mental clock-work of his head ! 

* 4( 4e 4e 4e 

Such was the man, who, at my father's board 
Dined twice a year, and, from his brain, ill-stored. 
Quoted with pride — ^methinksl hear him speak — 
Three scraps of barbarous Latin, four of Greek, 
Which made my father stare, my mother sigh. 
And wish her son just such a prodigy I" 

The poet seems to have described himself 
accurately, as he appeared in his early 
days : — 

*' I've heard our neighbours say, that, when a 

boy,^ 
My hair was naxen, and my face was pale. 

Expressing more of thoughtmlness than joy. 

And, like a fragile hly of the vale. 

Which ruffling storm and tempest may destroy. 

Which e'en might bend agaiiist the gentlest 

gale, 

I grew but weakly ; now, my riper years 

Have brought more str^igth — ^more sorrows — 

and more fears I" 

Yet, in after-life, cheerfulness and vivacity 
were amongst Mr. Bird*s distinguishing cha« 
lacteristics. They who, in his own select 
circle, have heard him sing a comic song, 
will never forget the universal hilarity his 
unpretending efforts excited. He loved 
music as a science; his very soul was music. 

After a stay of about a year-and-a-half at 
Needham Market grammar school, the em- 
bryo poet was, at his own desire — what an 
unpoetic fancy I — apprenticed to a miller, in 
his native village, for three years. Millers, 
however, frequently have much time upon 
their hands for cogitation. So it proved 
with Bird; and to that circumstance may 
be chiefly ascribed the self-cultivation of his 
mental powers. 

It must have been previously to his ap- 
prenticeship that he was involved in a wild, 
and, in some repeats, unpleasant boyish ad- 



298 



THE LATE JAMES BIRD AND HIS WRITINGS. 



venture. He had heard the merits of Kem- 
ble, the great London actor, discussed. His 
curiosity — his fancy — was powerfully ex- 
cited. Closely treasuring in his mind all 
that he had heard, he, in the course of a 
short time, collected a few shillings, and, 
without apprising his family of his inten- 
tion, started for the metropolis. His pur- 
pose was to witness, and to judge for hinl- 
self, one of those glorious exhibitions which 
had been sketched, in all their vivid hues, 
to his imagination. He achieved his object : 
he beheld the greatest of the great " strut 
his hour upon the stage ;" beyond his most 
sanguine hopes or expectations, he was gra- 
tified—delighted — enchanted. Throughout 
his life the memory of that night never 
faded. But, the pageant o*er, he had to re- 
turn. And, how stood his purse ? Empty 
— aU but empty — one solitary sixpence 
alone remained ! He had journeyed far — 
hungry and thirsty, weary and foot- sore — 
and he was yet many miles distant from his 
father's happy hearth. A wretched road- 
side ale-house met his eye. The temptation 
was not to be withstood. He entered — 
called for a penny roll and cheese and half a 
pint of ale to recruit his wasted energies. 
After demoHshing his frugal fare, he ten- 
dered his sixpence, which, on receiving, the 
hostess pronounced to be a counterfeit; and, 
in the spirit of another Xantippe, commenced 
a strain of fierce and voluble abuse. At 
length, the poor boy, after long endurance of 
the lady's vituperative display, entered into 
a compromise by leaving in pledge some 
portion of his wearing apparel ! In his gra- 
phic relation of this anecdote, it would be 
difi&cult to say whether humour or pathos 
predominated. 

At the age of eighteen the lad's aj>pren- 
ticeship expired ; but, for the acquisition of 
experience as a miller, he continued to pur- 
sue the vocation seven or eight years longer. 
About the year 1814, he occupied the mills 
at the beautiful village of Yoxford, where, 
though not as a miller, he ever afterwards 
continued to reside. 

The realities of life were now opening be- 
fore him. On the 20th of October, 1816, 
he married Emma, the daughter of Mr. 
Hardacre, bookseller of the ancient town of 
Hadleigh, in Suffolk; a woman of much 
personal attraction, and — educated under 
the immediate eye of her parents — ^possess- 
ing a mind well stored with the knowledge 
best calculated to render her, as a wife — 



mother — ^friend— ^useful and estimable in her 
station. From this union, which was troly 
a union of hearts, sprang a family of sixteen 
children, twelve of whom survive. 

Ever, as it has been said, devoted, with 
the heart's love, to literature, it vms in the 
month of March, 1819, that Mr. Bird pub- 
lished his first poem, " The Vale of Slaugh- 
den," It had, however, been some time 
written. So fisivourable was the reception 
which it experienced, that, within a fort- 
night after its publication, not a copy was to 
be obtained. In consequence, a second 
edition appeared in May following. In 
some respects, Mr. Bird was amongst the 
most successful of modem poets; for, though 
he made but little money by them, all £as 
works obtained an early and extensive cir- 
culation. 

Tlie *' vale " from which Mr. Bird's first 
poem takes its title — and with all the loca- 
lities of which the' author was intimately 
conversant — extends along a part of the 
Suffolk or East Anglian coast, between the 
sea and the river Aid. The title might lead 
to the expectation of its being a descriptive 
poem, merely : this, however, is not the 
case; Mr. Bird's productions are not de- 
scriptive poems, merely — ^they are not " mo- 
dem epics " — they are of an order superior 
to tales — they may without impropriety be 
termed historical novels, or historical pic- 
tures in verse; embracing plot, character, 
and incident, and combining the advantages 
of fact with the beauties of fiction. The 
historical incidents of *' The Vale of Slaugh^ 
den" arise out of the Danish invasions with 
which England was harassed in the reign of 
Alfred ; but the leading interest is found in 
a domestic tale of the loves of Edwin and 
Gonilda, interwoven Vfdth those incidents. 

The elegant-minded Dr. Drake, in his 
" Winter Nights" after an extended critical 
analysis of Mr. Bird's poem, thus expresses 
himself : — 

" That the efibrt will secure him an honour- 
able and a permanent station among the poeti 
of his country, I have not the smallest doubt in 
asserting. So striking, indeed, have been the 
passages which I have adduced ; so abundantly 
do they carry on their surface the very form and 
pressure of superior powers ; so much of taste 
and feeling, of life and character, pervades their 
whole texture and composition; and so sustained 
is the impression of the incidents throughout, by 
the beauty and spirited harmony of the versifi- 
cation, that no person, I am persuaded, can 
withdraw from the perusal of ' The Vale o'* 



THE LATE JAMES BIRD AND HIS WRITINGS. 



290 



Siaugkden,' without a widi to see such encou- 
ragexnent bestowed, as may lead to further pro- 
ductions from the same source/' 

It may be added, that the entire poem is 
conceived in the true poetic spirit : the fifth 
canto, especially, abounds with deep and 
lively interest : it is all spirit, and bustle, 
and animation ; all fire, and tenderness, and 
love. The battle scenery is fine, grand, 
imposing, and terrific. 

The verse, it has occurred to many read- 
ers, bears a strong resemblance to that of 
Campbell ; but it is a fact, strange as it may 
seem, that Mr. Bird had never read Camp- 
bell's principal work, " The Pleasures of 
Hope" when he wrote his " Vale of Slaugh- 
den,** Goldsmith appears to have been one 
of bis models — and, so far as model is con- 
cerned, he could not easily have chosen a 
better. Subsequently, however, he, with 
the originality ever accompanying genius, 
formed a style and manner of his own. 

It must have occurred to almost every 
one, tbat many of the strongest attachments 
of botb love and friendship originate in cir- 
cumstances purely accidental. Such at 
least do they appear to our restricted sense. 
And thus it was with respect to the friend- 
ship which was formed between the deceased 
and the author of this poor tribute to his 
memory. Personally tmacquainted — wholly 
unknown to each other — the latter was in* 
duced to offer an opinion respecting the in- 
tended publication of " The Vale of Slaugh* 
den" — or, rather, respecting the propriety 
of bringing it before the public. From that 
hour is dated the commencement of a dear 
and sacred friendship— of one of the dearest 
and most congenial attachments of the 
writer's life — of a friendship which, for four 
or five -and- twenty years, and through sea- 
sons of bitter adversity and heavy trial, ne- 
ver failed nor flagged — of a friendship which 
ceased not even in death, but will revive, 
and flourish, and endure for ever, in a better 
and a brighter world. 

'' If in that firame no deathless spirit dwell — 
If that faint murmur be the hkt farewell — 

If fate luite the faithful but to part — 
Why is their memory sacred to tbe heart?"* 

Mr. Bird's first poem, it has been shewn, 
was eminently successful. So far, however, 
as pecimiary affairs were concerned, his 
position in life was not improved. The 
times were unfavourable to the agricultural 

* Campbell's Pleasures of Hope, 



interest ; and " grist" came not to the Yox- 
ford mills to the extent required. Their 
tenant found it expedient to relinquish them 
somewhat poorer than when he obtained 
possession. He had even incurred debts to 
an amount beyond what, at the moment, he 
had the means of discharging. But the 
man was known, and respected. His cre- 
ditors had faith in his honour. And nobly 
did he sustain his character. For seversd 
years afterguards he had to struggle — and, 
notwithstanding his rapidly-increasing fa- 
mily, he struggled successfully — and he 
paid off every farthing that he owed. 

In its results, Mr. Bird's failure, as a 
miller, may be regarded as one of the fortu- 
nate events of his life. An opening seemed 
to present itself for his commencing business 
as a bookseller. He allowed not the oppor- 
tunity to pass. Y9xford, though only a 
straggling village, on the high road to Yar- 
mouth, is in the centre of a respectable and 
extensive agricultural neighbourhood, with 
many of the seats of the nobility and gentry 
in its immediate vicinity. Encouragement 
and patronage failed not ; and henceforward 
he did well. 

It may readily be imagined, that the oc- 
cupation of a bookseller was more in accord- 
ance with the taste and feeling of a poet, 
than the plodding of a mill, notwithstanding 
the occasional leisure which the latter was 
known to afford. 

Dr. Drake's wish to see "further pro- 
ductions" from the Suffolk poet's pen was 
now to be realized. Established in his new 
calling, Mr. Bird, in 1821, brought forward 
his second work — " Machin, or the DiscO' 
very of Madeira." This poem is distin- 
guished by an accuracy, an ease, and an 
elegance of versification — a few faulty 
rhymes excepted — ^by much beauty of de- 
scription, by exquisite tenderness of senti- 
ment, and by a most praiseworthy correct- 
ness of moral. It has more of ornament, 
more of grace, more of freshness and free- 
dom, more even of pathos than " The VcUe 
of Slaughden/* The story, it scarcely need 
be remarked, is founded upon the affecting 
incident of Machin's unfortunate love, and 
the consequent discovery of the island of 
Madeira, in the reign of Edward the Third, 
as recorded in some of our old authors. 
Machin, a youth of gentle but not of noble 
birth, becomes enamoured of Anna D'Arfet, 
or D'Aufet, the beautiful and accomplished 
heiress of a baronial family: the lady re- 



soo 



THE LATE JAMES BIRD AND fflS WRITINGS. 



tarns his love* but is given to another; Ma- 
chin, by ToyBl order, is imprisoned; he 
escapes, obtains a vessel, carrier off the 
young bride, embarks for France, is driven 
by adverse winds into the main ocean, and, 
at length, reaches Madeira. For a time, 
the lovers are as happy as their guilt will 
allow ; but at length Anna dies of a broken 
heart ; and Machin, borne down with grief, 
misery, and remorse, becomes her partner 
in the grave. To these, and other histo- 
rical facts, Mr. Bird has, in their general 
outline, faithfully adhered. This poem dis- 
plays, also, an accurate knowledge of the 
geographical and natural history of Madeira; 
and the story is, in all its details, very highly 
and effectively wrought. 

A prison- interview between Machin and 
Anna, previously to the marriage of the 
latter, terminates with the lady's farewell, 
of which the succeeding lines form the 
close ; — 

" Oh ! could I die, e'en now. 
With none to close my beamless eyes but thou ! 
And that would bless me ! — but my sire hath 

sworn 
To see me Montforf s bride, when rosy morn 
Again smiles o'er the east, with glancing ray ! — 
Hope's flowers will wither on that fatal day ! 
But, if thou love me, Machin ! — come not nigh 
The spot^— the witness of my misery I 
For, though thou art my lire's unchanging sun^ 
Thy dazzhng light I must not gaze upon. 
Yet — ^not an eve shall close^ or morning rise. 
But thou shalt share my heart's warm sacrifice ! 
So,, fare thee well ! — on earth — ^we may not 

meet ; 
Yet, yet, in Heaven, my faithful soul may greet 
Thy gentle spirit 1 — oh ! — once more — farewell!" 

A portion of the scenery of Madeira is 
thus described in the third canto : — 

''Wild, wandered near them, a pellucid spring ; 
There cedars waved, and vines were clustering ; 
There bloomed the fairest flowers that earth 

discloses, 
Sweet lupine, jessamine, and blushing roses ; 
The golden citron, and the peach were seen. 
With fin^rant myrtle, on whose leaf of green 
The zephyr loves to breathe its latest breath. 
And dies, exulting in so sweet a death ! 
Around the plain, encircling laurels grew. 
Soothing the vision with their verdant hue $ 
While, in the midst, upon a hill's tall brow, 
A spr«iding tree, with many a pendant bought 
And glossy leaf of brightest verdure, made 
A wreathy bower, beneath its grateAil shade. 

Thou matchless isle I — ^thou art a lovely one. 
Clad all in beauty, dazzling as the sun ; 
Thy mountains, mingling with the lofty sky. 
Tower o*er the sea, in proud sublimity ! 



it^ 



As though tiiey seomed their ntftms dturt^ tliey 

dare 
To lift their heads to heaven, while thy fair. 
Thy smiling valleys, are so gay, so bright. 
With streams, and flowers, and scenes of soft 

dehght ! 
And as the foot falls on those happy vales. 
Rich fragrance rises, while the jocund gales 
Bear on their wings the mingled perfume o*er 
The deep blue sea, to glad tluit desart shore. 
Where not a flower, or verdant leaf is seen. 
To deck the soil, or smooth its rugged mien I' 

This, also, is beautiful : — 

*' The tall pines, waving on the monnteinl'* 
brow; 
The soothing sound of rolling waves below ! 
The goldfincn, sailing on its painted wing ; 
The gentle gush of rivers murmurine ; 
The golden, everlasting flower, which bloamed 
In changeless, peerless beauty, and perfumed 
The Ught ethenal air with balmy breath, 
So sweet, that nature had forbidden death 
To rob it of its fragrance ! — these endued 
Their hearts with gladness ; — and the solitade,' 
To Machin's eye, was more than Eden bright. 

For Anna shone, like Eve, in beauty's light I" 

« 

Combined with an important event in the 
hapless destiny of the heroine, the following 
constitutes a vivid, glowing, and impressive 
picture of a land storm: a sea storm is 
pourtrayed with almost equal effect in " Tlte 
Vale of Slaughden." 

" A solemn gloom pervades the fretting de^; 
Wild o'er its bosom ruffling breezes sweep : 
There comes a dread sound from the wave, that 

rolls 
Like the last, deep groan of departing souls ! 
The volUed thunder, bursting uirough the sky>, 
Rolls deadly on ; — the hills — the rodcs reply; 
While forked hghtning through the gloom is 

flashing. 
And foaming billows on the shore are dashing. 
And 'frighted echoes leap from rock to rock. 
While heaven and earth are trembling with' the 

shock ! 
The fiery bolt from heaven's high arch is r^t7 
Flames break firom porch, and tower, and 

battlement ! 
Tom arches crash ; — ^the buminff columns fall} 
Loud shrieks are heard from ba&um, and firom 

ball; 
And there is one despairing dreadful ciy. 
Heard wildly eehoing in the blazing sky. 
Lo! — where the tower is rending! — there !•-«- 

with hands 
Stretched out in flames, the trembling Anna 

stands ! 
The Uvid fire uprears its forky crest, 
Sears her loose robe, and fixes on her breast ; - 
Flames rage above, — ^hot fra^ents he beneathi 
To fall, is ruin, and to stay, is — death ! 

Who swiftly bounds o'er broken arch and 
tower ? — 



THE LATE JAMES BIRD AND HIS WRITINGS. 



301 



Ifo wpnngB alofty with more than mortal power. 
Through flames, which hearts less brave would 

fear or fly. 
See I — ^he hath gained the turret, bh&zmg high. 
Where Anna leans upon a tottering peak 
That shakes, as though 't would in a moment 

break 
To distant earth — ^with e'en the gentle weight 
Of one so pale — so faint— so desolate 1 
A giddy frenzy seized her brain, — her form 
Shook, like a reed, when ru£9ed by the storm — 
And| as her nerveless Angers lost the power 
To grasp the fragments of the shattered tower. 
Her trembhng feet forsook the slippery stone 
'On whieh she stood — despairing and alone ! 
Dark yawned the chasm — ^the rending base gave 

way— 
And Anna sank — ^no time to weep—to pray — 
For death was near her^ when the brave one 

came. 
And sniitched her, wildly, from devouring flame 1 
Then, as he marked her pallid cheek, his sight 
Was fixed in sweet, ine£»ble delight ; 
Though cold that cheek — enraptured by the gaze. 
He heeded not the desolating blaze 
Of circling fire, that burned beneath his tread. 
And hiM^ in spiry columns o'er his head I" 

The terrific scene, as beheld at a distance 
by Anna's father, is sketched with equal 
spirit ; and so also is a tremendous storm of 
an entirely different character in the fourth 
canto. Anna's fall is sweetly — ^tenderly — 
beautifully — ^almost voluptuously described. 
Deeply, however, does she answer for her 
crime. Her subsequent remorse, her terri- 
fic dream, the final close of her sufferings, 
&c., all rich in imagery and affecting in 
pathos, are sketched by the hands of a 
master. Allowing for some slight inaccu- 
racies of expression — some slight defects of 
rhythm — ^the succeeding lines, though far 
from forming one of the best passages of the 
poem, are of a truly affecting character : — 

''Her last sad tears are shed; — ^hereyeno 
more 
Weeps for her fate ; — ^her earthly sorrows o'er. 
She wears a brightening smile of hope, and love. 
As though the eolden harps of saints above 
Had soothed her soul, with such a heavenly 

strain. 
That nought could charm it back to earth again I 
Her onfy treasure which the earth possest 
Held her, in anguish, to his tortured breast. 
While his eye met — ^her last — ^her dying look. — 
* Farewell, dear love I — ^farewell I — ^when I for- 
sook 
The world for thee, my young — ^my fond — ^heart 

danced 
To notes of gladness, and I breathed entranced. 
If or shall I wake from that sweet dream 6f 

bliss; > 
'No! — ^no! — ^that kiss of love — ^and this — and 
this— 



Will tdl my heart's warm faomi^, constant 

yet. — 
How brightly hope beamed, love! when first 

we met! 
Dark days have foUowed that dear hour; — ^but 

thou 
Hast ruled my better destiny, and now, 
I could not — ^would not — break the dberished tie 
Which lon^ hath bound our hearts; — ^yet — ^I 

shall die. 
And death will break it! — thou — ^forlorn — 

alone- 
Wilt seek my cold, cold grave, when I am gone ! 
Remember — ^lay me, where the wild waves roar. 
Near yonder worn, and rugged rock ; — and o'er 
My grave, raise high the hdfy cross ; — ^farewell ! 
Deam calls me — hark !-^no more — I can but tell 
That I have loved — ^ui hope — ^m joy — ^in woe — 
Forgive me, Machin 1 — God ! — forgive me too !' " 

Mr. Bird's next production (1822) was 
*' Cosmo, Duke of Tuscany ; a Tragedy, in 
five Acts" In the composition of this 
piece, the writer shewed himself in full 
possession of poetic power, combined with 
full possession of dnunatic tact. Had the 
play been accepted, and had it received 
justice at the hands of the actors and the 
scene-painters, there is no doubt that it 
would have suceeded to a considerable ex- 
tent. The closing scene, however — muQh 
as bustle, incident, and stage-effect are 
desirable — attractive even as is a goodmelo- 
drame — is decidedly objectionable : it is 
melo-drame and nothing but melo-drame; 
it is deficient in harmony and keeping with 
the earlier parts of the drama ; and even the 
poetical justice of the catastrophe is impaired 
in effect by its abruptness. In conformity 
with modem taste, and also with historical 
propriety, one or two magnificent processions 
might have been very successfully introduced; 
they would have contributed to the beauty of 
the representation, and might have been ren- 
dered materially subservient to the interest, 
business, and development of the plot. 

This tragedy has been performed willi 
success at some of the minor metropolitan 
theatres ; and, more recently, an after-piece, 
called " The Smuggler's Daughter," from the 
same pen, has been deservedly popular in 
both town and country. 

In " The Exile" (1823) a story of love 
and war, arising out of the conquest of 
Norway by Harold Harfagre, King of Den- 
mark, in the ninth century, and written in 
happy illustration of the " lasting love" of 
the gentler sex, Mr. Bird's style is, in 
perfect accordance with his subject, much 
less florid than i% Machin. It has more of 



1 



309 



THE LATB JAMES BIRD AND HIS WRITINGS. 



tnith, and hannony, and vigour, and finn- 
ness in its tone. Considered with reference 
to its versification, " The Exile*' is greatly 
superior to the writer's preceding efforts. 
The story is very simple. Harold Harfagre, 
the regal subjugator of Nbrway, is opposed 
in his tyrannous and bloody proceedings by 
the patriotic Regnier. Regnier is over- 
powered, and banished to Iceland. 

" Far in the North, on that dark isle of ^ee, 
Whose rocks long echoed to the runic lyre ; 
There, ere the Bard had raised its earliest feme. 
Or native Hero gloried in its name ; 
There, sternly musinff o'er the wrongs he felt. 
And nursing hopes of ftiture vengeance, dwelt 
The banished Man I — Around him billows roar. 
The bleak rock frowns upon the bleaker shore ; 
The vulture hov'ring o'er her cra^y peak. 
Above him screams, and whets her thirsty beak. 
Then restless, dips it in the foaming flood. 
And screams more dreadful, for — it is not blood ! 
Aloft; a dark Volcano flames, and throws 
Its burning lava o'er the hissing snows. 
While near him roars the Geyser, spouting high 
Its foaming waters, boilioff to the sky ; 
Swift o'er the rocks wild, livid meteors glare. 
And bursting fire-balls hiss along the air ; 
Beneath him yawn unnumbered defts, dark, deep. 
Where the winds howl, and where the billows 

sweep 
Through vaulted caves, hke whirlwinds rushing 

past. 
Each maddening wave more maddening than the 

last! 
While fire, and snows, and winds, and waters 

mock 
The shuddering Exile of the lonely rock !" 

After a time, Edric, a minion of Harold's, 
is despatched, with a band of sanguinary 
ruffians like himself, to assassinate the 
exiled hero. By the agency of Moina, the 
devoted mistress of Regnier, disguised as a 
minstrel, the patriot chief, after defeating 
Edric in single combat, escapes with his 
unknown Moina, in the boat which had 
brought the murderers to Iceland. Once 
more the hero appears in arms within the 
walls of Drontheim. Regnier, however, is 
unsuccessful ; he dies, covered with wounds, 
his fedthful Moina by his side. 

" She sank to earth, and clasped his lifeless form; 
His bleediuff bosom, in her. wild despair. 
She frenzied kissed, and, in his raven hair. 
Damp with his blood, her slender fingers twined^ 
While on his breast her throbbing brow reclined : 
And there, on that dear breast, her heart, so true, 
Now lone, and desolate, and broken, drew 
Its latest sigh ! — ^Thus died the fair — the brave — 
In life, one heart, one soul — in death, one grave 
They early shared — and with that Hero, dead. 
His Country'shope-^his Country's freedom fled!" 



The ** Poetical Memoirs" written in the 
Don Juan stanza, and incidentally forming 
an introduction to " The Exile'* are ex- 
tremely amusing ; but the work is not of a 
character upon which its author must be 
allowed to rest any portion of his fame. 
However, firom the admirable stanzas on, 
and addressed to '* Woman," a few lines 
must be taken. 

« Much hath been written upon lovely Woman, 
Concerning dark eyes, and soft snowy necks ; 

A charming theme, and, I am certain no man 
Was ever fonder of the gentle sex 

Than I am ; and we know the rhyming Roman 
Loved well his lass, whom he would some- 
times vex. 

For which, his conscience gave him sharp re- 
bukes in 

His habitation bordering on theEuxine !" 

***** 

** Thy voice of love is music to the ear. 
Soothing and soft, and gentle as a stream 

That strays 'mid summer flowers; thy ghttering 
tear 
Is mutely eloquent ; thy smile a beam 

Of light inefiable, so sweet, so dear. 
It wakes the heart firom sorrow's darkest 
dream. 

Shedding a hallowed lustre o'er our fate. 

And when it beams we are not desolate I" 

It may be remarked that, throughout his 
works, Mr. Bird appears to have formed a 
high and just estimate of the in-born exeel- 
lence of woman — of her heroic devotedness 
of affection— of her heart's constancy, even 
unto death. 

These lines, upon a different subject, are 
very beautiful : — 

" 'Tis sweet to wander on the lonely shore. 
When all around is silent, and at rest. 

Save the wind's whistle, and the billow's roar. 
Or sea-bird, screaming firom her rocky nest ; 

While moon and stars a flood of splendour pour, 
That gilds the roek, the shore, tiie wave's 
white crest. 

And ghttering bark that sails mi^estic by. 

Her couch the wave — ^her canopy the sky !' 



r» 



A noble theme now offered to the de- 
scriptive and imaginative powers of the 
bard ; and the result was — '* Dunmick, a 
Tale of the Splendid City, in fwr Cantos:* 
" Dunwich in ancient time," observes old 
Stow, " was a city, had brazen gates, fifty; 
two churches, chapels, religious houses, and 
hospitals ;• a king's palace, a bishop's seat, 
a mayor's mansion, and a mint." Alas! 
" of all its former magnificence," addB the 
poet, " the encroachments of tlie sea have 
spared only a few mouldering relics : ^ese, 




THE I4ATE JAMES BIRD AND HIS WHITINGS. 



303 



however, are interesting memoxials of its 
fallen greatness, which still 

" * Plead haughtily for glories gone.' " 

Upon this antiquarian fonndation, tinfa- 
vourahle as it might seem to the fancy of 
the muse, Mr. Bird had the skill to raise a 
pleasing superstructure, another tale of love 
and arms, aided by much beautiful and even 
powerful description. The scene is hid at 
Dunwich, in the reign of Henry the Second, 
when De Bellemont, Earl of Leicester, joined 
Prince Henry against his ^ther, and ravaged 
the eastern coast of the island with an army 
of three thousand Flemings. The notes 
abound with curious historical and antiqua- 
rian information. 

Here are some lines upon the Ocean, 
which would not suffer by comparison with 
Lord Byron's or Barry Cornwall's celebrated 
lines upon the same subject : — 

'* Beats there a heart which hath not felt its core 
Ache with a wild delight, when first the roar 
Of Ocean's spirit met the startled ear? 
Beats there a heart so torpid, and so drear. 
That hath not felt the hghtning of its blood 
Flash vivid joy, when first the rolling flood 
Met the charmed eye in all its restless strife^ 
At once the wonder, and the type of life ! 

Thou trackless, dark, and fathomless, and wide 
Eternal world of waters ! — ceaseless tide 
Of power magnificent I — ^unmeasured space. 
Where storm and tempest claim their dwelling- 
place? 
Thy depths are limitless ! — ^thy billows' sound 
Is nature's giant voice — ^thy gulph profound 
Her shrine of mystery, wherein she keeps 
Her hidden treasures — ^in thy cavemed deeps 
Is stored the wealth of nations, and thy waves 
Have been — are now — and will be, dreary graves 
For countless millions I — Oh ! thou art alone 
The costliest footstool of God's awful throne. 
The mighty tablet, upon which we see 
The hand of power — the sign of Deity !" 

This passage finely contrasts with the 
following — a tribute to earth's best, love- 
liest, and most beloved of blessings : — 

" That hallowed sphere, a woman's heart, 
contains 
Empires of feeUng, and the rich domains 
Wh^re love, disporting in his sunniest hours. 
Breathes his sweet incense o'er ambrosial 

flowers; 
A woman's heart ! — that gem, divinely set 
In native gold — that peerless amulet. 
Which, firmly linked to love's electric chain. 
Connects the worlds of transport and of pain \^ 

With an ominous presentiment, as it might 
almost seem, the writer thus apostrophises 
Dunwich in the closing lines of his poem : — 



" Scene of my joy ! — dear object of my song I 
I love thy haunts, and I have loved them long ! 
Farewell ! — farewell ! — The Bard who sings of 

thee 
Will soon be all that withering Man must be. 
Low in the dust I — ^within the silent grave. 
No more to hear the murmuring of thy wave. 
No more — ^no more of thee, and thine to tell> 
Thou dear, though wild, and lonely spot! — 

Farewell ! 

But the end was not yet. — In 1831 ap- 
peared *' Framlingham, a Narrative of the 
Castle, in four Cantos" 

" Pile of departed days ! — ^my verse records 
Thy time of glory, thy illustrious Lords, 
The fearless Bigods — Brotherton — De 

Verb, 
And Kings, who held thee in their pride, or 

fear. 
And gallant Howards, 'neath whose ducal 

sway 
Proud rose thy towers, thy rugged heights were 

gay 

With ghttering banners, costly trophies, rent 
From men in war, or tilt, or tournament. 
With all the pomp and splendour that could 

giaoe 
The name and honours of liuit warhke race." 

The history of that time-honoured struc* 
ture, Framlingham Castle, still perhaps in 
finer preservation than any similar reHc of 
antiquity in the kingdom, is full of interest. 
Of Mr, Bird's poem, the story refers to the 
period when, upon the death of Edward the 
Sixth, and the assumption of the title of 
Queen by the Lady Jane Grey, the Princess 
Mary retreated, for security, from Kfenning- 
hall, in Norfolk, to the castle of Framling- 
ham, a grant of which she had receiTed from 
her royi brother. The tale is of chivalric 
character ; and, like that of " Dunwich" is 
illustrated by many choice notes, of general 
as well as of local value. 

All that space will here admit from th6 
poetic page, is one sweet little picture — a 
twilight sketiih, which, like a painting of 
Claude's, is full of softness, tenderness, and 
gentle repose : — 

** The sun had set, and o'er the Castle wall 
The timid twihght hung her dappled pall. 
While softly rismg from the lake beneath 
The white mist curled in many a shadowy 

wreath ; 
So calm, so silent, so serene the hour. 
That the wide banner on the northern toWer 
Drooped its dark folds, for not a breeze awoke 
To stir the green leaf on the summer oak, 
Nor wave the wall-flower on the turrets grey : — 
The twihght lingered, loth to tear away 
The tints of beauty, which the sun above 
Spread, as though j^ft as tokens of his love . 



304 



THE LATE JAMES BIRD AND HIS WRITINUB. 



For that fair dime» whidi had for ittes given 
Earth's loveliest pictures to his light from hea- 
ven I" 

" The Emigrani's Tale*' published in 
1833, is a simple domestic story, illustrating 
the melancholy eflFects of the last war upon 
British agriculture and industry, and pre- 
senting some vivid pictures of national and 
individual character. Many of the accom- 
panying miscellaneous poems are entitled to 
yet higher praise. Amongst those may be 
particularised — " My Father's Grave," 
" Mary," " On the Wreck of a Brig off 
Dunwich," •? The Dro\med Man," " Lines 
written upon the Lid of a Coffin," &c., as 
evincing much talent and feeling. 

The next and last volume of Mr. Bird's 
poems, published in 1837» is entitled *' ^an- 
cis Abbott, the Recluse of Niagara; and 
Metropolitan Sketches, Second Series," (the 
first series having formed an accompaniment 
to " 2^ Emigrant's Tale") The origin of 
the extraordinary and melancholy history of 
Francis Abbott is found in Captain Alex- 
akdbr's " Thinsatlantic Sketches," vol. IL, 
pp. 147 — 165. 

Amongst the faults of style, in Mr. Bird's 
earlier productions, redundancy of epithet — 
the fault of all young poets — ^is the chief. 
Pond of ornament*— and it is ever desirable 
to see young writers florid rather than bald 
-^prodigal rather than penurious— -they do 
aot in general seem sufficiently to feel that, 
where an epithet does not strengthen it must 
tseaken ; — ^that epithets should never be used 
unless to distinguish persons, things, or qua- 
lities — ^to heighten picture — to invigorate 
sentiment. It is due, however, to Mr. Bird's 
improving taste to say, that, in each succes- 
sive poem, his defects, of whatsoever cha- 
racter, were fewer and less important— his 
style became more pure— his merits were of 
a higher order. Perhaps tiie very last verses 
he ^ver wrote, of which the reader shall pre- 
sently be enabled to judge, were the very 
best that ever fell from lus pen. 

In picture, and in the sentiment of picture, 
if the expression may be allowed, Mr. Bird 
excels. Thus, in " 2^ Vale of Slaugh- 
dem :"— 

** That hour is cheerless to the youthful heart. 
When doomed from all it loves on earth to part ; 
The fears — ^the clouded hopes — the last farewell 
That dies upon the Up : — 'twere hard to tell 
Of that tumultuous pang ; — ^that hopeless pain. 
That 4oubt which asks^*' Oh! shall we meet 

again ?" 



In " Machm :"— 



tf 



Oh ! there is bliss beneath the moon's pale 

beam. 

When youthful hearts, in love's elysian dream. 
Are luUed to rapture ; when the cloudless sky 
Seems softly smiling o'er their destiny ! 
When the warm vow of lasting truth is heard. 
And joy is breathed in every whispered word." 

Again: — 

" There dwells a strange, mysterious, magic 
power, 
In onered gem, or leaf^ or trivial flower. 
Culled by k>ve's hand^ whose glowing touch be- 
stows 
A nameless charm on gem — or leaf— or rose V 



i»> 



In " The Exile ; 



«» 



'' The moon is up, and o'er the deej^ blue sky 
Sails many a cloud, as sweeps *the night-wind 

by. 
That shakes the pines upon their craggy steep. 
While starts the rein-deer from her careless 

sleep. 
Roused by the foaming mountain-torrenf s 

shock. 
That, thundering, leaps from echoing rock to 

rock. 
Loud o'er the deep and hollow caverns dashiiug^ 
Wild o'er the broken trunks of dark pines enah- 



ing; 



Fierce in their wrath, the tyrant waters break 
Op})osing crags ; peak thunders after peak; — 
.While rocks, and (anes, and earth, uid froiea 

snow. 
Roll, in wild uproar, to the gulf below !" 

In many of his similes, too, Mr. Bird is 
eminently happy. Thus, in «• The Vale of 
Slaughden ;" — 

" He cauffht the panting sdSerer by the hand. 
And raised him gently mmi the sea-beat sand. 
Cold at the billow whch he lately pretMed, 
Pale as the foam upon that billow^s crest,'* 

And this : — 

'' Gonilda heard the grateful stranger speak. 
While blushes mantl^ o'er her changing cheek. 
From wluch hope's beam had dried the gentle 

tears. 
So softly fair the lovely rose appears. 
When, smiling o'er it, mom's refulgent light 
Drinks from its fiioe the dew-drops of the night. 
And, with reflected beam of radiant power. 
Improves the native beauty of the flower !" 



In ** Machin ." — 



(€ 



her white arm fell 



So cold upon his neck, that, all aghast. 
He marked the paleness on her features cast ; 
And, o'er her slender form, in speechless woe. 
Bent, like a cypress, o'er a wreath vfsnowl" 



THB LATB. JAMES BIRD AND HIS WRITINGS^ 



3Q5, 



Again:— 

Oh ! when the ejpe that weeps for error, fears 
To gaze on heaven ahove, through huming tears. 
It turns for hope, to something loved below — 
To that, which caused those burning tears to 

flow! 
So the fair flower, that loves the god of day. 
If scathed, and bhghted, by his dazzling ray. 
Still, cQiistant, turns to that attractive sun. 
Whom yet alone it worships — ^though undone !" 

Once morQ : — 

*' The hghtning shines around the Men tower. 
Rent, crushed, and shattered, by its fatal power ; 
The torrent wanders mid the rocks o'erthrown 
By breaking floods, and billows of its own ; 
So Anna's love, the spoiler of her rest. 
Broke her lorn heart, yet lingered in her 
breast r 

Most of the poems here noticed are in- 
terspersed with beautiful lyric efliisions : 
ini^Maoe, a song of Anna's, in " Machin :" — 

** I loved thee, when my jocund mom 

Of life was bright, with hope and gladness. 

And when my fate from thine was torn. 
And I was left, the child of sadness. 

To pledge the joyless, nuptial vow, 

I loved ihee then — ^I love thee now ! 

** Whea towers were flaming high in air, 
And arch was torn, and turret rent. 

When thou, unmoved by peril there. 
Didst snatch me from the battlement ! 

The idol of my soul wMt thou 1 

I loved thee then — I love thee now ! 

" When drifted o'er the foaming wave. 
While lightnings flashed around us, dearest ! 

And dark beneath us yawned the grave. 

E'en while we deemed our bUss the nearest I 

When rocked upon the billow's brow, 

I loved thee then — I love thee now ! 

*' I loved thee, when my heart first knew 
That passion, which has deeply lent 

A charm to life, — and thou wast true. 
And I was blest, and innocent ! 

Oh ! — ^thou^h I err — ^though Machin — ^thou 

Art goihy too ! — ^I love thee now !" 

In the earlier stages of Mr. Bird's poetic 
career — ^in the structure of his verse, in its 
pauses and oadences — ^the semblance of Pope, 
of Golddmith, and of Campbell, was success 
sively and frequently to be traced ; but, as 
he advajlced, he acquired an originality, a 
distinctness, and an individuality of st^le, 
which, in the words of Dr. Drake^ entitled 
him to " an honourable and a permanent 
station among the poets of his country." 
In the heroic. couplet, he was completely at 
ease : he was familiar with his harp ; and, 
with th^. hand Qf a master, he could freely. 



boldly, and effectively condnand the utmost 
extent of its power. Mr. Bird was one of 
the few writers of the present day who have 
the honour of sustaining the credit of the 
old BngUsh heroic verse-^the verse of Dry- 
den and of Pope — the verse which will live 
and triumph again in renovated vigour and 
beauty, when much of the modem measure- 
less measure shall have been consigned to 
deserved oblivion. 



Both of Mr. Bird's parents attained a good 
old age — sank to the tomb beneath a weight 
of years : his venerable mother has not long 
been dead. Longevity, however, is not al- 
ways enjoyed by descent. Mr. Bird's con- 
stitution ever seemed deHcate : his appear- 
ance was not such as to promise length of 
days. During the year 1838, he s^ered 
much, and almost incessantly, from what, in 
the result, proved pulmonic disease. The 
rupture of a blood-vessel, in the autumn, 
gave fatal warning. His trials and afflic- 
tions are most touchingly described' in the 
foUowing stanzas, which, as they have ap- 
peared only in a local paper (The Ipswich 
Journal) will be new to most readers. They 
are entitled — 

A Word at parting with the Year 1838 : 
December the ^Xst. — Midnight approaches, 

" Good bye, old year ! I'm glad you're going, 
You've nearly compassed my undoing. 
For, while your course you were pursuing. 

How did you maul me? 
Did you not e'en from heel to crest. 
From leg to arm, from back to chest. 
Did you not, fiend-hke, do your best 

To overhaul me ? 

What did you do in January, 
^When youthful hearts were blythe and airy 
As social mirth and friends might vary 

Their new-year's pastime ? 
E'en then vou floated o'er my case. 
And left of heafth so Uttle trace. 
Some whisper'd, when they saw my face, 

* 'TwiU be the last time !' 

And when dull February came. 
Did you not rack my smitten frame, 
'Till tears of agony and shame 

Flow'd like a river ? 
Oh ! then you play'd the tyrant's part, 
Oppress'd the pulses of my heart. 
And plung'd a fever-poison'd dart 

Sharp through my liver ! 

And when the wind of March rtish'd down 
With ragged mien and chilling frown. 
Sweeping o'er country and o'er town 

With pi»cing breath, — 

2h 



306 



THE LATE JAMES BIRD AND HIS WRITINGS. 



Did you not at me jibe and scoff. 

And choke my lungs with wheezing ooi^b, 

'Till I was nearly smuggled off 

By Captain Death ? 

When April sent her gentle showers 
To call to*life Spring's mfant flowers^ 
To glad the earth and deck the bowers 

With bud and leaf — 
What was your boon ? A smiling ray 
That dazzled, mock'd, and fled away. 
Just like your glitt'ring April day. 

Faithless and brief ! 

And when May show'd her blooming face. 
Her radiant smile, her glowing grace. 
When idle poets, * out of place,' 

Penn'd many a stanza — 
How did you serve me ? Torturing imp ! 
With aches and pains you made me limp. 
And curl'd me up just like a shrimp— 

With influenza ! 

In June, disquiet'd on my bed, 
I could not eat my daily bread ; 
Besides my worthy Doctor said, 

' Pray live on sago. 
Rice, arrow-root, and water-gruel ;* 
While YOU, relentless and more cruel. 
To scorching fire you added fuel. 

With sharp lumbago ! 

But when July's hot sun came round. 
And harvest deck'd the laughing ground. 
And joy in every nook was found. 

Again I rallied. 
I greeted friends from house to house. 
But, as a cat plays with a mouse 
To whet her teeth for a grand carouse, 

With me you dallied. 

And when sweet August smil'd, for me 
Joy smil'd not, though I sought the sea. 
Which in its might eternally 

Sweeps DuNwiCH shore ; 
Friends press'd around to soothe my lot. 
But, wam'd by pain, I linger'd not. 
And I may view that much-lov'd spot 

Perhaps ho more ! 

Then came September — ^yes ! old year ! 
This month of thine has cost me dear. 
It shook my inmost heart with fear : 

The vital stream 
Burst from the broken vessels fast, 
'Till 'neath the swooning weakness cast 
I sank, and deem'd that now was past 

Life's fever'd dream. 

Then came dark visions — nameless things. 
Like vampire-bats, with smothering wings. 
And scorpions, wilii their fiery stings, 

Hover'd around me ; 
While faint and helpless as I lay. 
Scarce had I heart and strength to pray 
Heaven, in its love, to break away 

The spell that bound me ! 



October came — the dying leaf 

Fell from the tree — its life how brief! — , 

Like one that sudden falls vdth grief. 

Type of man's staie ; 
But I, though shaken, blighted, worn, 
Life's stem all shattered, branches torn, 
Heav'n left me not — ^though oft forlorn. 

All desolate. 

Friends with one heart, whose ample core. 
With human kindne» gushing o'er. 
Flock'd daily, hourly round my door. 

Of every station. 
They came, a kind and gen'rous band. 
With soothing hope and accents bland : 
They came with open heart and hand. 

And consolation. 

Oh ! tell me not the human heart 
Is all depraved — ^sin's filthy mart — 
And that it bears no counterpart 

Of God vdthin it : 
No ! though imbru'd with evil's taint. 
It bursts mrough error's dark restraint. 
And proves the tight-laced modem saint 

Wrong every minute ! 

Another word ! fast fading year \ 
November came, with aspect drear. 
How did you ply your vengeance here? 

You tried by stealth 
To smother life with fos and cloud. 
And, of your gloom and darkness proud, 
Wrapp'd, as it were, within your shroud. 

The corpse of health ! 

December reign'd — ^your fleeting power 

Is dying, with the dying hour. 

And, though your frowns no longer lour, 

I would not scoff: 
Hark ! 'tis the midnight's solemn chime ! 
Farewell ! struck off tibe rolls of Time, 
Begone ! I deem it no great crime 

To huff you off! 

* * * ♦ iK 

But what is Time ? A thought — a dream ! 
Lord of Eternity ! Supreme ! ' 
To thee alone should rise my theme. 

My votive breath. 
An offering grateftd, glowing, free. 
My heart an altar. Lord ! should be 
With incense burning bright to thee 

In life and death !" 

With here and there a trait of quiet hu- 
mour that excites a smile, even whilst grief 
is the prevailing emotion of the heart, t^ese 
lines are eminently beautiful : many of them 
would reflect credit on the first poetical pens 
of the day. The gentleness, the mild, hum- 
ble, pious resignation of the writer, sink into 
the very depths of the heart. As the last, 
they were also the sweetest wafblings of the 
dying swan. 

At the commencement of the present year. 



THE DEAD TO THE LIVING. 



307 



hopes of improvement in the sufferer's health 
were fondly indulged ; hut, alas ! a combi- 
nation of sinister events arose, and all again 
was dark. A violent attack of spasms, and, 
almost simultaneously, the sudden death of 
one of his children, distant from home, struck 
his worn and enfeebled frame to the earth. 
He never rallied more. He lingered, and 
gradually wasted — ^happily without much 
physical suffering — till he sank quietly into 
his last sleep. He was patient and resigned 
to the end. Indeed, during his protracted 
sickness, he was never heard to utter an im- 
patient word. Not only to his own family, 
but. to his dearly beloved friends, distant as 
well as present, his heart yearned with in- 
tense and unswerving affection. A mmute 
or two previously to his departure, he mani- 
fested his enduring love towards his sorrow- 
ing vdfe and offspring, by pressing each of 
them feebly by the hand. His twelve sur- 
viving children were around him at this 
awful moment. He expired at one in the 
afternoon, on the 26th of March. His was 
the good man's death. Hallowed and blessed 
be his memory for ever I 



At the expiration of a week after he had 
ceased to be an inhabitant of earth, the last 
ostensible tribute of duty and affection from 
his bereaved family was paid, by their fol- 
lowing his remains to their cold and silent 
resting-place, in the churchyard of that 
sweet village which, to him, had been a para- 
dise. Alarge number of his old familiar friends 
joined the sad funereal procession, to testify 
their estimation of his worth — ^their grief 
for the deep loss which they had sustained. 

A short time previously to his death, and in 



the moments of its calm yet awful anticipa- 
tion, Mr. Bird made a series of extracts 
from his poems, with a view to their future 
pubHcation in a small volume. Unable, from 
hourly increasing weakness, to complete the 
selection, it was one of his latest requests 
that his dear friend, the writer of this sketch, 
would, in kindness to his memory, undertake 
the task. The endeavourThas been made ; 
and howsoever inadequate the execution may 
prove, it will interest many to know, that in 
the course of a month, probably, the project- 
ed little volume may be expected to appear. 

The noble qualities of the deceased's mind 
and heart are already upon record; — the 
simple and straight-forward honesty of his 
character — ^his general kindness and bene- 
volence of feeling — ^his warm, faithful, and 
unflagging friendship — were universally 
known ; — of his genius, as a poet, ample 
specimens have been offered in these pages ; 
but, of one rare and beautiful accomplish- 
ment which he possessed in an extraordinary 
degree, only his more intimate and most 
congenial friends were fully cognizant. His 
epistolary correspondence was of an un- 
usually high order of excellence: without 
the slightest attempt at fine writing, or dis- 
play of any kind, his thoughts ran, currente 
calatno : affection, tenderness, wit, humour, 
vivacity, the soul's cheerfulness, mingled, 
played, and sparkled in every Kne. 

However, to know James Bird, was not only 
to respect but to love him. It has been 
truly said, that his was " a bright and sunny 
spirit, that made the atmosphere in which it 
dwelt all love and brightness." T. H. 

Oar Portrait of Mr. Bird is from a drawing, by Mr. 
Harvey, an amateur artist, of Bory St. Edmund's, from an 
oil painting, by Pardon, in 1826. 



THE DEAD TO THE LIVING. 

Bjf the Author of^* The Siege of Zaragoza,'' " Childe Harold's Pilgrimagey'* " Lyrical VoemXy^ Sfc, 



Think of us, ye hving ones 

Who are on the green green earth — 
Who see the bright and blessed sun. 

And join in the laugh of mirth ! 

The home where we dwell is lone — 
Its chambers are dark aad dread ; 

For no sun-beam enters there 
To cheer the imprisoned dead. 

We do not sleep — the spirit. 

Untouched by Death's strong hand. 

Still yearningly is near you. 
In the old familiar land. 

Yes ! ye, whom we deeply loved 
In the hour of our mortal life — 

With whom we shared the trouble — 
The rapture —the grift — the strife— 



Our eyes on you ! will ye prove 
Staunch to the vows ye vowed. 

Or — ^jdelding one brief sigh or tear — 
Turn AGAIN to the heartless crowd? 

Oh, by the thoughts of pure deUght 
We have known, in tunes gone by; — 

By the counsel — and by the light 
That dawned on our mutual sky. 

When we spoke of that far shore — 
That home — ^where we hoped to meet 

All those whom our souls had loved. 
And joined, in communion sweet ; — 

By these — ^by these we charge you 
To count o'er your bosom's store, 

And say, if the present hour 
C«tn compete with the hours of yore ? 

L. S. S. 



ANNALS OF AUTHORS, ARTISTS, BOOKS, AND BOOKSELLERS. 

« 

LETTER XV. 



TOM SMITH, OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM.— NOLLEKENS THE SCULPTOR, AND 
HIS WIFE.— CADELL AND DAVIES.— WM. DARTON.— VERNOR AND HOOD. 
—CROSBY. 



My dbab Son, 



Aldine Chambers^ Patemoater Row, May t, 1839. 



I ADDRESS you Oil your birthday. Thirty 
summer suns and winter skies appear to have 
passed over your head without a cloud, ex- 
cepting those which the shadows of my win- 
ter of life may have caused. I am happy to 
find that you took Dr. Playfair*s advice, and 
that you have given your constitution yair- 
play by continuing to pass your time in 
Rome, Florence, Venice, and Naples, with 
their clear and sunny skies ; which I hope 
continue to cheer you on and to brighten 
your prospects. 

I am disappointed at not having heard 
from you during the last month — not only 
for my own sake, but also on account of the 
pages of the Aldine, particularly from Na- 
ples, as I gave you a letter of introduction 
to my old friend, Mr. John Gumming, (ne- 
phew of the late literary Dr. Anderson, of 
Edinburgh) a banker there, and a man of 
talent. I initiated him in the wholesale 
book trade forty- seven years ago. He was 
your brother's godfather, had a great regard 
for me— and I have no doubt but that he 
will shew kindness to your father's son, per- 
sonified in you. Previously to his leaving 
London, he made himself acquainted with 
the interesting department of curious and 
scarce old books, under the roof of the late 
John Cuthell, of Holbom ; and, in a know- 
ledge of scarce and valuable editions of the 
classics, under the instructions of the late 
lamented Mr, Lunn, formerly of Cambridge 
but subsequently of London. Of both these 
gentlemen I shall hereafter have to speak. 

In a former letter you alluded to your 
position on the Pincian hill, and to your 
home being in the street where Salvator 
Rosa, Claude, and Nicholas Poussin resided. 
I have just been smiling over the pages of 
old Nollekens and his times, so admirably 
depicted by the late John Thomas Smith, 
one of his earliest assistants, and keeper of 



the prints and drawings in the Britis];i Mu- 
seum. I cannot avoid relating one little 
anecdote from the pen of Mr. Smith, as it is 
in point, as illustrative of your position, and 
of the spelling propensities of Mrs. Nollekens 
for presents, and her appreciation of them. 
Mrs. Nollekens was a collector of prints^ by 
receiving them from those engravers who 
were candidates for the Associate's claim in 
the Royal Academy. She had several en- 
gravings after Claude, with whom she 
always expressed herself delighted; and, 
whenever she had occasion to shew them, 
would invariably make the following obser- 
vation: — " It is very remarkable that 
Claude, Salvator Rosa, and Nicholas Pous- 
sin, lived close beside each other, on the 
Trinita del Monte!" 

Mr. Smith furnishes many interesting 
anecdotes not only of Mrs. Nollekens, and 
her " Nolly,** but also of the eminent per- 
sonages who visited his studio, and of the 
painters, engravers, and other professional 
characters that formerly resided in and about 
St. Martin's Lane, Newport Street, Leices- 
ter Square, Soho, &c. I intend to collect 
you memoranda on this subject, as I knew 
several of the characters in my early life, 
particularly Mrs. Hogarth, Mrs. Vivares, 
T. Payne, Roger Pajme, &c. But first let 
me follow the motto of James. Lackington- — 
** Ne sutor ultra crepidam" — in giving an 
account of the booksellers and their relative 
positions in Paternoster Row, St. Paul's 
Church-yard, &c., which I must detail 
in my next. In my last I barely extended 
to the Strand for the purpose of introducing 
the triumvirate of Lintot, Tonson, and 
Millar, but more particularly the last named 
and his successor, the late Alderman CadeU, 
as he and his successors have so long up- 
held the., sign of the learned Buchan^'s 
Head, opposite Catherine Street; about 



ANNALS of authors, artists, books, and booksellers. 309 



which many respectaEle booksellers that I 
have yet to notice formerly resided. Alder-> 
man Gaddl, as I before remarked, retired 
from business in 1793. 

MESSRS. CADELL AND DAVIES 

commenced business under the most feivour- 
able auspices, and a capital and stock un- 
riTBlled in this, or perhaps in any other 
country. -They continued to carry on trade 
for many years with high talent and respect- 
ability. In addition to all the valuable co- 
pyrights they possessed they became almost 
too adventurous and liberal in very expensive 
and heavy undertakings, several of which, 
singly, almost required a fortune to bring 
them forward. Among others were . the 
Historic Gallery of Pictures, the Contempo- 
rary Portraits, Murphy's Arabian Antiqui- 
ties of Spiedn, and numberless others. The 
last mentioned work employed a capital of 
ten thousand pounds. It was published at 
forty guiiji^ per copy! and was written, 
compiled, and the drawings made by a most 
extraordinary man, of which the world 
know so little that I must present you with 
a short sketch of him. He was a man of a 
strong mind and of great natural abilities, 
originally employed by Mr. Alexander Dean, 
an eminent builder (father of your friend. 
Sir Thomas Dean) in Cork, at a sum, I was 
credibly informed, of under twelve shillings 
per week. Ere he quitted Cork he dis- 
played his taste and talent by commencing, 
and completing, the first geometrical stair- 
case erected in that city. He subsequently 
surveyed, and published a Map of Cork, in 
which, however, there was a ludicrous mis- 
take, by his placing a row of trees on the 
wrong side of the river. However, he soon 
rectified this error, and became even more 
celebrated than Dr. Beaufort, who not only 
published a Map of Cork, but also a valuable 
ecclesiastical Map of Ireland, with a Me- 
moir. He was introduced to me in 1796, 
by Charles Wilson. I proposed to him, in 
1806, to publish a History of the County 
and City of Cork, but the plan was too 
costly and extensive ; and it was relin- 
^lished. With regard to Murphy, we find 
him styled an architect, and author of plans, 
elevations, sections, and views of the church 
and royal monastery of Batalha in Portugal. 
TMs splendid work was published at 3/. lbs. 
In 1789-90, Messrs. Cadell and Davies 
published his " Travels in -Portugal/* in 



4to., at 2/. 78. ; in 1798, " A Geaend View 
of the State of Porti^al, with its Histoiry, 
Topography," &o., price 27«., in 4to. ; but 
his great and grand work was his acooimt of 
the " Arabian Antiquities of Spam," of 
which Mr. H« G. Bolm, in his valuable cata<* 
logue, gives the following account : — 

'^ Murph^s Arabian Antiquities of Spain : re* 

E resenting, in one hundred veiy highly finished 
ne engravings, the .most remarkaok Remains 
of the Architecture, Sculpture, Paintings, and 
Mosaics, of the Spanish Anibs, now existing in 
the Peninsula; including the magnificent Pamce 
of Alhamhra, the celebrated Mosque and Bridge 
at Cordova, the Royal Villa of GeneraMe, and 
the Casa de Carbon; Gates, Castles, Fortresses, 
and Towers ; Courts, Halls, and Domes; Baths, 
Fountains, Wells, and Cisterns ; Inscriptions in 
Cufic and Asiatic Characters; Porcelain and 
enamel Mosaics; Paintings, Ornaments, &c. 
&c., from Drawings made on the spot by James 
Cavanah Murphy. The engravings are afl of 
the highest class, and are executed, without any 
Umit to expense, by J. and H. Le Keux, Finden, 
Landseer, George Cooke, Fittler, Byrne, Angus, 
and other first-rate Artists, accompanied by 
Letter-press descriptions; in one Volume, Atlas 
folio, with original and brilliant impressions of 
the plates. Pubhshed at ^^42. 

" In attestation of the extreme accunur of 
these engravings, the pubhsher has recently been 
favoured with a strong confirmatory opinion 
from one of the most distinguished scholars and 
travellers of the present day, who has compared 
them some years since on the spot. The pub- 
lisher also preserves the origimii tracings, casts, 
and admeasurements, which shew the scrupulous 
fideUty with which all the architectural details 
are represented. For nobleness of design, splen-* 
dour of execution, and richness of materials, this 
costly volume* is, in every respect, a match for 
the mighty French work on the Antiquities of 
Egypt. As the expenses of the pubUcation were 
enormous (upwards of ten thousand pounds) the 
price of the volume is necessarily lar^ in pro- 
portion ; — ^yet where is the man of virtilk, with 
pistoles in his purse, who will not hasten to se- 
cure such a treasure ? If the day be dull, or the 
night be long, let these ' Antiquities of the 
Arabs in Spain,' be a constant, as they will be a 
cheering, companion !" — Bibliomania. 

To return to Messrs. Cadell and Davies. 
I believe that Mr. Cadell, jun., was left an 
independent fortune, but it was perhaps the 
wish of his frither, as well as his own, that 
he should continue his praiseworthy pursuits 
in the cause of literature,, although nothin§^ 
could well exceed in the shape of literary 
undertakings what was already established. 
However, being possessed of a jitock of al- 
most incalculable value, it would require 



310 ANNALS OF AUTHORS, ARTISTS, BOOKS, AND BOOKSBLLERS. 



yean to dispose of it to advantage; and 
being connected with persons of tibe most 
dignified talent and yirtue in these realms, 
in the church, the state, in law and physic, 
as well as sereral of the nobility and gentry 
engaged in literature, it was laudable to con- 
tinue such a concern. 

Mr. Davies, who was the active and 
efficient person in the establishment for up- 
wards of thirty years, was considered by 
some of his brethren in trade as haughty 
and consequential. This arose, perhaps, 
from his fine dignified form, and manly and 
noble iqppearance. I never 'Witnessed in 
him. any but the most liberal conduct as a 
friend and a straightforward man of business, 
in which he was most assiduous and atten- 
tive, always ready to give his valuable ad- 
vice, and acting with the utmost fairness and 
liberality in the position in which his good 
conduct had placed him. His connexions 
with authors, artists, and persons of splen- 
did acquirements, in addition to his superior 
abilities, might have given him that appear- 
ance of conscious superiority over some low 
and groveling characters with whom he had 
to deal. I had several transactions with 
him about forty years since, both on my 
own account, and also on account of Mr. 
Wright (formerly a well-known bookseller 
in Piccadilly), as well as in comparing and 
filling in additions and corrections to a for- 
mer, and preparatory to a new edition of 
Sir James Stewart's Political Economy. He 
behaved most liberally in each instance ; and 
on a subsequent occasion I had to consult 
him on a subject of vital importance, in 
which he displayed extreme kindness. 

Mr. Davies married at rather a late period 
in hfe, supported a handsome establishment, 
and I believe became too adventurous and 
liberal in his literary purchases ; or rather in 
embarking in such heavy undertakings as 
the times would hardly sanction, and which 
his partner, who sinrived him many years, 
prudently relinquished, but continued to 
publish, in conjunction with his Edinburgh 
friends, on a more limited scale. 

Mr. William Davies died on the 28th of 
April, 1820. He vms a man of liberal 
principles and unsullied purity in all his 
dealings. Mr. Thomas Cadell died on the 
26th of November, 1836. He was the only 
son of Mr. Thomas Cadell, who retired from 
business in 1793, and carried on the business 
jointly with Mr. Davies till 1820; since 
which time Mr. Gadell's name stood alone. 



Thus, for nearly half a oentnry, Mr. Cadell 
followed his fii11ier*s example, and sustaimed 
the reputation the house had acquired for 
liberality, honour, and integrity.* In 1803 
he married a daughter of Robert Smith, 
Esq., of BasinghsJl Street,t by whom he 
had a numerous family ; but we believe the 
name of Cadell, which has been eminent 
among publishers for the last seventy years, 
is no longer to exist in the list of London 
booksellers. Mr. Cadell died at his resi- 
dence in Fitzroy Square. 

About forty years since I attended yifbAt 
is termed a trade sale, and made consider* 
able purchases at Messrs. Cadell and Da* 
vies's, at Campbell's, at the Shakspeare, 
under the Piazzi, Covent Garden ; Mr. Ca- 
dell, sen., presided at the head, and Robin 
Lawless, his faithful assistant of fifty years, 
faced him at the foot of the table, where up- 
wards of a hundred persons were present. 
After the cloth was removed, and one or two 
usual toasts had been given, among others — 
*' To the well-staining of paper" — a worthy 
character, Mr. William Darton, a highly 
esteemed friend, of Mrhom 1 shall have much 
to say herjsafter, rose to propose a say (as 
" friends," or persons called quakers, do not 
drink healths.) He accordingly gave " The 
four B>." An explanation being called for, 
he replied that they kept the four wheels of 
the worthy Alderman's carriage well going ; 
and that he proposed Blackstone, Blaik, 
BuRK, and Buchan. This gave universal 
delight, while Thomas Hood (father of 
" Odd-whim" Hood) gave one of his usuaT 
good-natured smiles, which were so natural 
to him : William Darton caught his half- 
laughing, half-shut eyes, and exclaimed — 



* The Rev. Charles Simeon, Senior Fellow 
of the ELing's CoUe^, Cambridge, and Rector 
of Trinity Church, m that University, received 
from Mr. Cadell the sum of 5000/. (the sreatest 
portion of which he gave to charitable mstitu- 
tions), and twenty copies upon large paper, for 
the copyright of his works, which were pub- 
Ushed m 1832, in twenty-one large and closely 
printed octavo volumes, of 600 or 700 pages 
eachj under the direction of the Rev. Thomas 
Hartwell Home. These works consist of 2535 
sermons, and skeletons of sermons, which form 
a commentary on every book of the Old and 
New Testament, Mr. Simeon died at Cam- 
bridge, Nov. 13, 1836, aged 77. 

t Sister to Messrs. J. and H. Smith, Solici- 
tors, authors of the Rejected Addresses, 12mo., 
1 8 10-7^ighteenth edition, 1813, and many other 
works. 



THE PAST AND FUT^URE. 



311 



" Ah ! Mend Thomas, thou couldst add a 
fifth B— for Bloomfield's 'Farmer's Boy' 
hath done his duty !" Not only a smile en- 
sued, but the loud laugh became general, 
until the knight of the hammer, Mr. John 
Walker, called to order and to business. 
Mr. Cadell had often been heard to say that 
authors' names commencing with the letter 
B had been fortunate ones for him — the 
same may be applied to the letter R. — 
Witness Robertson, Roscoe, Rogers, Rey- 
nolds, &c. 

John Walker was, what the booksellers 
term, " the trade auctioneer," for many 
years, and if not so celebrated as Ned Mil- 
lington in John Dunton's day, he was as 
great, or rather as large a personage, and as 
good a general in his way; while hip aid-de- 
camp, James Rider, my old fellow-appren- 
tice upwards of fifty years ago, was not 
deficient in keeping the bait in trim for the 
" young fry," and frequently puttmg down 
names and lots for a whole impression of any 
popular modern work, or for lots and re- 
mainders of others. Of Mr. William Darton 
and Mr. Thom^ Hood I shall have to speak 
hereafter, as connected with the associated 



booksellers; and, as a man of enterprise, I 
recollect the latter fifty-four years ago as 
librarian to that good and venerable charac- 
ter, Mr. Vemor, in Birchin Lane, Comhill, 
(subsequently Button's library). — ^Vemor 
was a Sandimanian, so was Hood. I am 
told they are considered a go6d and virtuous 
sect, but for an account of the tenets of Mr. 
Sandiman and his followers, I must refer 
you to '* Evans's Sketch of the Various de- 
nominations of Christians," originally pub- 
lished by my old contemporary Ben, or 
Brass Crosby, as John Walker used to 
call him (after a London Lord Mayor 
of that name), whom I advised to take 
the house, in Stationers' Court, now oc- 
cupied by Simpkin and Marshall. I shall 
have more to relate of him in its proper 
place. I believe that I am the senior tra- 
velling bookseller out of London: Crosby 
followed in my wake ; he established an ex- 
tensive trade, but it did not produce him 
much happiness or profit beyond an over- 
grown stock. Like many others, he worked 
too much with his hands, his feet, and his 
passions, instead of his head, to make a 
fortune. — Adieu. 



LETTER OF JOHN BASKERVILLE PRINTER &c TO MR LIVY. 

From the Autograph Collection of a Ladif. 

Dear Livy Easy Hill 3 Dec^ 1766 

I shall send you by tomorrow Night's Waggon — ^to the Care of Robinson — three Vir- 
gils, and would have added as many Horaces, but my Wife's zealous Impatience would not suffer 
me to stay for the Binding. If you want more to oblige friends, or will point out any thing else 
that will do M'. Livy a pleasure^ it wiU be a Particular one to 

His obed^. & obUged Servant 

T. Ba^kerville. 

Fine printing was first introduced in England by John Baskerville, who Hved, and printed 
and died, in a house which he had built, on a place he called Easy Hill, in the vicinity of Bir- 
mingham. He was also, by his own desire, buried here ; in a paper miU which he had erected, 
and which served as a mausoleum for his remains. I remember mm^ and his gold laced waistcoat, 
and his pair of cream-coloured horses, and his painted chariot — each panel a picture — fresh firom 
his own manufactory ; for he was a japanner as well as a printer. BaskerviUe's paper was as ex- 
c^ent as his types, and almost as durable. Whereas printinjg paper is now a composition of 
cotton rags, and gum, or glue> and, as it is said, plaister of Paris, and is bleached with destructive 
diemical preparations. 



THE PAST AND FUTURE. 



What is the past? 

An ocean vast. 
With dark clouds hanging o'er it ; 

The burning fire 

Of youth's desire 
Is quench'd, and nought can e'er restore it. 



The time to come 

Is hope's bright home. 
With love's sweet smile to cheer it ; 

All power we strain. 

That home to gain ; 
But life's bark sinks e'er it sets near it. 

J. Alfred Law. 



1 



MOORISH BALLADS. 

No. III. 

THE LAMENT OF MORAYMA! 

Granada, thou Beautiful I thy sun was ever bright, 
And fountains of fresh waters shed around thee cool delight ; 
A dreamy, rich voluptuousness was ever in thy bowers. 
And the spirit of perfume and love suffused thy lapsing hours ; 
The laugh of gentle maidens waa ever in thee ringmg. 
The lips of festive minstrels were ever in thee singing. 
An iris pf deep loveliness was ave'around thy brow, 
Granada, O thou Beautiful ! whence, whence this horror now? 

An armed man all foam and dust is rushing through the gate ; 

AH red with blood, his charger reeled, and staggered 'neath his weight. 

Down, down, he dropt, that gallant steed, he'd oome him to the blast. 

Far from the crimson couch of death, safe to his home at last. 

" Whence comest thou Cidi Caleb, whence comest thou all alone ? 

" Where's Ali Atar, and where's the Ring, and where, O where is my Son ? 

** The chief is slain, the king is ta'en, thy only son he died, 

'' Fighting as a Moor should fight by the king Boabdil's side." 

The city held her mighty heart, and paused her mighty breath. 

As onwards passed that armed man, the spirit dark of death. 

He passed the Alhambra's gilded gates, he passed the awe-struck crowd, 

A hazard, pale and weaiy man before the Queens he bowed : 

'' O Queen ! the Xenil's red with gore, the King ! the Ring is ta'en, 

'' And Loxa's lance of fire is low, my noble father's slain, 

'' And thousands of our men of might sleep on the Xenils' shore, 

" Wo, wo unto Granada, wo — ^wo, unto the Moor I" 

'' And livest thou, sir Moorish chief, when Ali Atar is slain, 

** And livest thou, thou Moorish chief, when king Boabdil's ta'en ? 

'' Thou hast a woman's heart, sir chief" — 

'' Ayeexa, say not so I 
** My helm is red, my glaive is red with red blood of the foe ; 
" My shield is deft, my spear is broke, I fought and knew not fear ; 
'' My king, my lord commanded me, or I had not been here ; 
'^ Beneath the turf, or girt with bonds had Cidi Caleb been, 
'^ Had not the king commanded me to fiy unto the queen." 

The beautiful and fawn-Uke one, she of the soft caress. 

Flung back her raven curls and stood out forth in her cUstress ; 

Her large dark eye was like a cloud, a thunder-cloud in air. 

Surcharged with a sea of grief, a great sea of despair ; 

Her pale Up quivered like a leaf, the one leaf that we see. 

All desolate and shivering upon a wintery tree ; 

Her thin white hands were clasped and raised, her brain was all on fire. 

And thus with wild and fearful neart she wailed her lord and sire :— 



My father I O my father, revered one, where art thou ? 
Ah ! wo is me, thy daughter, why am I living now ? 
Sleep'st thou beneath the river? curse on the cruel wave^ 
That gave so proud and true a heart such cold and dismal grave ! 
Curse on the sword that slew tiiee ! curse on the moorish spears, 
'^ That left their chief and glory ! I curse them by these tears ! 
I curse them by our prophet ! I curse them b^ his breath. 
Till red revenge start forth again to sanctify his death ! 



(S 

ft 



(f 



Hush, hush my heart ! be silent, be silent ! ah, no, no ! 
Is not my bosom's paradise a prisoner to the foe ? 
My lordly love, my blissful founts all rifled is our bower, 
'' Ah, thou did'st leave these lonely halls, alas ! in evil hour. 



(S 



MOORISH BALLADS. 313 






My pathway is all darkness now ; no sunbeams o'er it bum, < 

No joy will ever gladden it, till thou once more return, j 

** The hill, the vale, the mountain, and the once, once happy plain, | 

*' Are dreary all, and silent all, till thou retumest again." . j 



1 



** Be calm, be calm" Ayeexa cried, " Morayma, dear, be calm ; 

*' The minstrel's notes shall soothe thee with their soul-subduing balm ; 

** Grief should not prey on princely breasts ; ^thou art as one, but all 

*' Lament o'er thy great father's death, lament Boabdil's fall. 

*' All clamorous sorrow were a curse unworthy of thy line ; 

*' The throne is safe^ and all have hearts, and every heart is thine ; 

** Ten thousand warrior swords, so keen, at Morayma's word, 

*^ Will spring like lightning from their sheaths to the rescue of their lord.' 

A flow of mingled lute and lyre in lovely numbers rung; 

The summoned minstrels all appeared, and thus they mournful sung : — 

** Granada, O Granada ! how beautiful wert thou, 

** The sun shone ever on thee, how is it shadowed now ? 

" No longer to the tramp of steed, to trumpets' lofty bray, 

*^ The Vivarambla echoes now, all, all have died away ; 
No longer in its loveliness our noble youth display. 
The tourney and the reedy joust, all, all have past away; 
All, all have past, away have past the lordly and the grand. 
And the flower of Moorish chivalry lies low on foreign land. 






** No longer thro' the mournful streets the mellow lute-note steals; 
'' The Castanet is silent now upon the glowing hills, 
*' And ah ! the graceful Zambra dance, that whiled the vesper hours, 
*^ For us alas ! is never seen within Granada's bowers. 
Forlorn and desolate is now the Alhambra's lofty fEuoie, 
The orange and the myrtle shed their rich perfmnes in vain ; 
Heedless the spicy odours lure Granada's lovefy daughters^ 
Cheerlessly chaunts the nightingale beside the flowing waters. 









*' The Alhambra's marble halls are white as snow-fisdl on the hills, 
*' But vainly there the fountain sounds, gush forth the limpid rills; 
Ah I vainly does the attar shed its delicate per^mie. 
And lonely in their bowers of bliss the bright queen roses bloom* 
Yain incense, music and delight, the fountain and its stream; 
Quenched is the Alhambra's Tight of Hghts, lost is the lordly beam. 
Flow on, flow on, thou white Xenil, flow on thou silent river, 
^' The Alhambra's walls are desolate, their sun hath set for ever !" 

Thus sang the royal minstrels, then; ah me! they sang in vain ; 
The lovely Morayma wept in agony, in pain ; 
Her silvoy bosom heaved and sobbed with many a hurried start. 
As though her loved and beautiful were buried in her heart ; 
The summer shower was in her eye, and fast and fast it came ; 
Her cheek, that had the twilight hue, flushed like a sunset flame ; 
One lonely sentence from her lips went flowing like a river — 
** Alhambra, thou art desolate, thy sun hath set for ever." 

H. C. p. 



2i 



COLLEGE SQUIBS.— No. I. 



DUBLIN UNIVERSITY CLASSICAL EXAMINATION QUESTIONS : 

HILARY TERM, 1839. 



1. That Homer might have been bom simul- 
taneously in seven different places is not opposed 
to the analogy of nature. 

(a) A passage from Dr. E. K — g's third an- 
nual prelection at the Rotimda Hospital seems 
rather to confirm this hypothesis. 

2. Bryant cavils at the age of Helen — shew 
that his remarks are unfounded — and account, 
on physiological principles, for her perdurable 
juvenescence. 

3. From a remark of Cesarotti it may be in- 
ferred, that if Homer wrote at all he must have 
used Stephens's Writing Fluid. 

(a) Is it not equally probable that he patro- 
nised the Perryian Pen ? 

(b) From a combination of these two cele- 
brated theories we may form a very reasonable 
hypothesis as to the nature of his paper. 

4. The custom of wearing long hair is not pe- 
culiar to modem beaux — Quote a passage from 
Homer and one from Virgil to estabhsh this. 

The principle, if acknowledged, would pro- 
duce a material alteration in Stultz's celebrated 
theory of habits. 

5. — " Armenias curru subjimgere Tigres in- 
stituit " — translate this passage. 

(a) Trace the different meanings through 
which " Tigres" has passed. 

(b) The phrase " Curm tigres subjungere" 
may still be apphcable. • 

(c) Cite some remarkable modem instances of 
the perfection to which the animal may be 
brought. 



6. The obscurity regarding the exact position 
of Virgil's remains may be removed by referring 
to a more ancient origin — ^the apparently modem 
system of Burking. 

(a) State your opinions as to the validity of 
this ar^ment, and ^ve Zakhemiipps's ingemous 
reasomng on the point. 

7. Suvem proves that Homer, if not identical 
with Solomon was nearly so — the converse of 
this proposition is not necessarily true. 

8. Buttman, in his Sexilogus, proves that in 
Greek, at least, the masculine can never prove 
neuter to the feminine gender — ^in some of the 
living languages the same analogy does not hold. 

9. — " Fumantem piceo et candente favillo" 
— translate this passao^e, and quote the corre- 
sponding words from Homer. 

(a) Conflicting opinions of Daum and See- 
miiller* on the construction — the words " piceo" 
and " candente" favour respectively each hypo- 
thesis. 

(b) The difficulty in Homer may be dissipated 
by exploding a cannon of Dawes. 

10. To be translated into Greek prose the 
following passage in Mr. Sergeant Buzfuz's 
speech m the celebrated case of " BardeU v. 
Pickwick'' — " The disconsolate widow dried her 
tears, furnished her first floor, caught her inno- 
cent boy to her maternal bosom, and put the bill 
up in her parlour window." 

* A well known tobacconist in College Green. 



TRUTH. 

" 'Tis the fair star, that ne*er into the wane 
Descending, leads us safe thro* stormy life." 

Thomson. 



Truth is an angel rob'd in light. 

In whose pure breast an altar bums ; — 

But, ah ! if once it takes its flight 
From earth, it never more returns. 

The heart may pour its prayers — 'tis vain. 

Ne'er kindled is that fire again. 



It is a flower, which rears its head 
In ev'ry season, ev'iy clime ; — 

But, ah ! if once 'tis withered. 
It never blooms a second time. 

Hope may her brightest promise bring. 

But ne'er revive the crush'd flower's spring. 



It is a gem, of lustre more 

Than all the stores of Eastern mine ; — 
But, ah ! if falsehood once breathes o'er 

Its beauty, it no more will shine. 
No art, when that bright lustre's gone. 
Can make it shine as erst it shone. 

J. ALFRED LAW. 



POINTS OF THE MONTH. 



JUNE. 



The damp, raw gloom of winter, and the 
piercing winds of March, and the showers of 
April, and the one-day-hot-and-the-other- 
day-cold of May, have passed down the 
stream of time, and summer at length is 
ours. June, the first month of summer — 
the glorious month of birds and flowers, and 
hay-making, and sheep-shearing, and a 
thousand rural exercises and enjoyments — 
is with us at last. 



(t 



Of all most sweet 



That lovely time when spring and summer meet, 
DehghtM May, and the young days of June ; 
When all the bloom and freshness of the spring 
Meet all the summer's bright voluptuousness. 
Forming a cUmate such as in the field 
Of unpolluted Eden."* 

The energy of the sun's rays, and the 
dryness of the atmosphere, are at their 
greatest height this month, although the 
tem.perature of the air does not attain its 
maximimi till July or August. But now is 
the time — just the right season of the year 
— for an excursion across the Atlantic ! 
The Great Western steamer averages her 
passage, from Bristol to New York, in about 
fourteen days ; and thus, in the course of a 
few weeks, money and leisure at command, 
we may become as conversant with the 
Broadway at New York as we are with the 
Rue St. Honor6 at Paris. 

In days of honour, this month. Her Ma- 
jesty, Victoria, takes the pas. The anni- 
versary of her accession is on the 20th, that 
of her proclamation on the 21st, that of her 
coronation on the 28th. The queen is now 
in the third year of her reign. 

Trinity term ends on the 12th of the 
month. On the 20th it is the duty of pa- 
rochial overseers to fix on church doors no- 
tices to persons qualified to vote for counties 
to make their claims. The 20th is the an- 
niversary of the "translation" of Edward, 
King of the West Saxons, who was mur- 
dered by order of Elfrida. Three years after 
his decease, his remains were removed, or 
•' translated," from Wareham, where thev 
had been inhumed, to the minster at Salis- 
bury. The 20th of June should also be re- 
membered as the day on which happy couples 

* Athbrstonb's Midmnmer Day* s Bream. 



were accustomed to claim a flitch of bacon 
from the Lord of the Manor of Dunmow, in 
Essex. Their claim was to be established 
by proof that they had lived together in the 
holy bands of wedlock a year and a day, 
without repentance of their union in thought, 
word, or deed. The last claimants of the 
flitch are said to have been John Shakeshaft, 
a wool-comber, and Anne, his wife, of Wea- 
thersfield, in Essex, who, in 1751, bore off 
the flitch in triumph. The late Mr. Sto- 
thard, R. A., who has been happily desig- 
nated the English Watteau, has preserved 
the memory of this amusing custom by an 
admirable painting, more than once within 
these few years very finely engi-aved. The 
Rev. Henry Bate, who afterwards took the 
name of Dudley, and was honoured with a 
baronetcy by George IV., also commemo- 
rated the custom by the production of a 
comic opera, which was first acted at the 
Haymarket Theatre, in the year 1778, and 
which is still occasionally performed. 

On the 20th of June we shall have been 
in the enjoyment of peace vdth France for a 
quarter of a century. 

Few will forget that the 21st of June is 
the longest day of the year. It is, however, 
on St. Barnabas*s day, or night (June 1 1 ) 
that the midsummer or nightless days com- 
mence; and they continue till the 2d of 
July. The subjoined couplet is yet extant 
in many parts of the country ; — 

" Barnaby Bright, Barnaby Bright, 
The longest day and the shortest night." 

The 24th of June is Midsummer-day — 
the feast of the Nativity of John the Bap- 
tist — the Commemoration of the Martyrs of 
Rome, under Nero, in the year 64— the an- 
niversary of the Battle of Bannockbum, 
gained by King Robert Bruce of Scotland 
over Edward II. of England, in 1314 — and 
the anniversary of the death of Hampden the 
patriot. On the 7th of June, Robert Bruce 
vrill have been dead 510 years. 

Lord Howe's glorious naval victory was 
achieved on the 21st of June, 1794— five- 
and-forty years ago. The memorable riots 
of 1780 commenced about the 2d of June. 
To the disgrace of the time, it is recorded 



316 



POINTS OF THE MONTH. 



that boyd of ten or eleven years old were 
hanged for what may be termed an ignorant* 
if not innocent, participation in those riots. 
So much for the civilisatipn, judgment, and 
humanity of our fathers ! Verily, the march 
of intellect has effected some improvement 
after all! Hanging — excepting by those 
who choose to perform the pleasant opera- 
tion on themselves — has gone wonderfully 
out of fashion since that period. In fact, it 
would appear that a man must possess some 
interest to get hanged in the present day ; 
and to this — the difficulty of getting the 
operation legally performed — may probably 
be ascribed tiie increased number of suicides. 

On the 2d of June, 21 1 yeais will have 
elapsed since the Bill of Rights was passed. 

The first Royal Exchange was founded on 
the 7th of June, ] 566 ; the second, erected 
after the great fire of London, and opened 
on the 28th of September, 1669, suffered 
the fate of its predecessor on the 1 0th of 
January, 1838. When will the phoenix arise 
from its ashes ? 

On the 1 1th of June, 3023 years — more 
than half of the supposed age of the world 
— ^will have elapsed since the fall of Troy ! 
Where are now the beauty and the frailty of 
the woman for whom the horrors of a ten 
years' siege were incurred, and for whom 
thousands of lives were sacrificed. Their 
memory is embalmed in the pages of Homer. 

The order of the Janissaries was abolished 
on the 15th of June, sixteen years ago. 

Seventy- eight years will have expired on 
the 17th, since the opening of the first 
English navigable canal. 

On the 18th of June, 1525—314 years 
ago— Cardinal Wolsey made a present of 
Hampton Court Palace to King Henry VIII. 
There is said to be no portrait of Wolsey 
that is not in profile; a peculiarity accounted 
for by the alleged fact that the prelate had 
only one eye. Formerly there was a carving 
of his head, in wood, in the central board of 
the gateway leading to the Butchery of Ips- 
wich, his native town. Its apparent anti- 
quity was such, that it was supposed to 
have been executed during the cardinal's 
life-time. By the side of it was the repre- 
sentation of a butcher's knife. One of the 
most remarkable instances of alliteration in 
the English language is the following dis- 
tich, apphed to Wolsey : — 



" Besot By Butchers, But By Bishops Bred, 
How High His Highness Holds His Haughty 
Head. ' 



Twenty-four years ago, and 290 year* 
after the presentation of Hampton Court to 
Henry VIII. by Wolsey, the battle of Wa- 
terloo was fought. The " victor of a hun- 
dred fights" still lives, rising— higher — 
higher — higher on the highest pinnacle of 
fame than ever. 

A requiem for the lost heroes of Waterloo ! 

They sleep in the bosom of earth — 

All their high-breathing raptures are o'er ; 

Their proud glory, their valour, their worth. 
In life's pilgrimage now are no more ! 

They sleep — and the strife of the field. 
And the clangour of arms in its rage. 

With the sword, and the helmet, and shield. 
Their free spirits no longer engage. 

They sleep — from their father-land far — 

Where they fought in stem vengeance their 
foes; 

Where they mocked the fierce havoc of war. 
There they find their last earthly repose. 

They sleep the sweet sleep of the brave ! 

O'er their sod the fresh laurel shall bloom ; 
And the cypress shall monrnfrdly wave. 

As the night-wind sweeps over their tomb. 

They sleep — ^but their memory lives ; 

liiey are dead — ^but the voice of their fame 
Through the world immortality gives, 

And for ever shall hallow their name ! 

T. H. 

Magna Charta was signed on the 1 9 th of 
June, 1215, 624 years ago. " For this 
great charter of our Hberties," observes a 
contemporary, ** we are indebted to the 
Lords : had it not been for them, we should 
never have possessed it. It avails the oppo- 
nents of the peerage little to say that the 
motives of the barons were selfish ; that is 
no business of ours ; the result was bene- 
ficial" — not merely beneficial, but glorious. 

The birthdays of note this month are not 
very numerous. Of British poets, the natal 
day of Akenside is all that we have to com- 
memorate. Akenside's *' Pleasures of the 
Imagination" is a divine poem, too little 
read, and too little understood. The author 
was bom on the 23d of June, 1721, and 
died in 1770, at the early age of 49. 

Jean Jaques Rousseau, whose very name 
we detest, whatever may be the halo of 
genius by which it is surrounded, was bom 
on the 28th, in 1712. Nicholas Poussin, an 
admired French painter, was bom on the 
1st, in 1594, at Andeley in Normandy. He 
spent the greater part of his life at Rome. 
Bishop, afterwards Cardinal, Mancini being 
attended . y him one evening to the door. 



POINTS OF THE MONTH. 



317 



for want of a servant, the Bishop said, " I 
pity you. Monsieur Poussin, for having no 
servant." '* And I pity your Lordship,*' 
said the painter, '* for having so many." 

George III. was bom on the 4th of June, 
1738. Vauxhall Gardens always used to 
be opened for the season on his birthnight. 
The 5th is the anniversary of the birthday 
of his son Ernest. King of Hanover. 

Giovanni Dominico Cassini. the astro- 
nomer,, who determined the diurnal motion 
of the planet Jupiter round his axis, by 
means of his belt, was born at Piedmont, on 
the 8th of June, 1635. He also discovered 
the four satellites of Saturn, in addition to 
the one which Huygens had discovered. 
Patronised by Colbert, he was the first resi- 
dent in the royal observatory at Paris, and 
continued to inhabit it more than forty years. 
Christian Huygens, the mathematician and 
astronomer just mentioned, was a native of 
the Hague. He also was patronised by Col- 
bert, and was made a Fellow of the En- 
glish Royal Society in 1 661 . He settled in 
France, where he received a handsome pen- 
sion, andremained till 1 68 1 , when he returned 
to his native country, and died on the 8th of 
June (the anniversary of the birth of Cassi- 
ni), in 1695. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz, 
the optimist, a contemporary of Cassini and 
Huygens, was bom at Leipsic on the 23rd 
of June, 1 646. Leibnitz was President of 
the Royal Academy of Sciences, at Berlin, 
and held high offices of state in both Ger- 
many and Russia. He was engaged in a 
controversy with Newton on the invention 
of fluxions ; and afterwards with Dr. Clarke 
on the subject of free will. '* According to 
the Leibnitzian system of optimism, an in- 
finite number of worlds are possible in the 
divine understanding; but, of all possible 
ones, God has chosen and formed the best. 
Each, being is intended to attain the high- 
est degree of happiness of which it is capa- 
ble, and is to contribute, as a part, to the 
perfection of the whole." 

Antoine Francois de Fourcroy, the great 
French chemist, who died in 1 809, was bom 
fA Paris, on the 15th of June, 1755. 

On the 8th of June, Edward the Black 
Prince, whom George the Fourth was anx- 
ious to regard as his model, will have been 
dead 463 years. With an army of only 
12,000 men, the gallant Edward engaged 
the French army of more than 60,000, near 
Poictiers. He defeated this immense force, 
and took John, the King of France, prisoner. 



Pizarro, t^e conqueror of Peru, and the 
murderer of its rightful sovereign, was. as- 
sassinated on the 26th of June, 1541; a 
suitable end for a monster so ferocious and 
savage. 

^e emperor Julian,, named. the Apostate, 
died on the 29th of June, in. the year 363, 
at the age of thirty-two. 

Numerous are the British authors whose 
departure is recorded in the month of June. 
On the 11th, Roger Bacon, styled Dr. Mi- 
rabilis, for his great and unusual learning, 
will have been dead 535 years. In mecha- 
nics he was regarded as the greatest genius 
that had arisen since the days of Archir 
medes. He was unquestionably the inventor 
of gunpowder in this country, whatever 
may be the claims of the Chinese in the 
east ; and also of convex and concave lenses. 
Of their application to the purposes of ready- 
ing, and of viewing remote objects, both ter* 
restrial and celestial, he distinctiy treats^ 
He also describes the camera obscura, and 
the burning-glass. He not only detected 
the error of the Calendar, but actually sug- 
gested the reformation which was afterwards 
made in it by Pope Gregory the Xlllth, 
The memory of this philosophical monk de- 
serves to be held in everlasting remembrance. 
In scientific discovery, and true philoso- 
phical feeling, he was as much before the 
age in which he lived, as was his iQustrious 
namesake and successor. Lord Bacon, before 
the time of which he was at once the en- 
dviring honour and disgrace. No wonder 
that he was persecuted by the barbarians of 
his age — an age in which geometry and 
astronomy were branded as necromancy, 
Roger Bacon was a native of Ilchester, in 
Somersetshire., He was seventy-eight years 
old at the time of his death. 

Thomas Heame, the antiquary, editor of. 
Ldand's Itinerary, &c., died on the 10th of 
June, 1735. 

On the 12th, in 1759, died William Coir 
lins, author of the justly celebrated Ode to 
the Passions, and many other admirable 
poems. Poor Collins, who had . suffered 
from poverty more than the common lot 
of poets, died in a state of mental imbeci- 
Hty. 

Robertson, the historian of Scotiand. and 
of Charles, the Fifth, died on the 11th of 
June, 1793 ; Bishop Warburton, author of 
** The Divine Legation of Moses," &c„ on 
the 7th, in 1779 ; Colin Maclaurin, an emi- 
nent Scotch mathematician, author of a 



318 



NAPLES, Ac, IN THE YEAR MDCCCXXXIX. 



'*< Treatise on Fluxions, &c., on the 14th, 
in 1746; Sir Joseph Banks, President of 
the Royal Society , on the 19th, in 18^0; 
Dugald Stewart, one of the ablest of modem 
metaphysicians, on the 11th, in 1828 ; the 
Rev. Gilbert White, author of " The Natural 
History and Antiquities of Selbome," on 
the i6th, in 1793 ; Dr. Abraham Rees, 
editor of the voluminous Encyclopaedia 
which bears his name, on the 9th, in 1825; 
and Jeremy Bentham, the great utilitarian 
philosopher, on the 6th, in 1832. 

The Great Duke of Marlborough will 
have been dead 117 years on the 16th ; Dr. 
Dodd, whose fall, when executed for for- 
gery, was deeply commiserated, sixty-two 
years on the 27th ; and Selina, Countess 
of Huntingdon, second daughter of Wash- 
ington. E^l Ferrers, patron of the famous 
George Whitfield, and one of the heads of 
the Calvinistic methodists, forty-eight years 
on the 17th. 

John Skelton, a laureated poet at both 
Oxford and Cambridge in the reigns of 
Henry VII. and VIII., was descended from 
the Skeltons of Cumberland. Erasmus 
styles him Britannicarum Literarum Lumen 
et Decus, Having entered into holy orders, 
he became rector of Diss, in Norfolk ; but, 
for his indulgence of buffoonery in the pul- 
pit, and his satirical ballads against the 
mendicant friars, he fell under the heavy 
censure of his diocesan. Persecution only 



served to quicken the acrimony of his sa« 
tire. At length, daring to attack the dig^ 
nity of Wolsey, he was closely pursued by 
the officers of that powerful minister, and 
compelled to take shelter in the sanctuary 
of Westminster Abbey. There he was 
kindly protected and entertained by Abbot 
Islip, to the day of his death, which oc- 
curred on the 21 St of June, 1529. Hia 
remains were interred in the chancel of the 
neighbouring church of St. Magaret. 

Inigo Jones, architect of the Banquetting 
House at Whitehall, died on the 21st of 
June, 1 692. He wrote a book, the object 
of which was to prove Stonehenge to have 
been a Roman temple. 

Arthur Murphy, a weU -known dramatist^ 
translator of Tacitus, Sallust, &c., died at 
Knightsbridge on the 18th of June, 1805, 
in the 75th year of his age. Ludovico 
Ariosto, author of the *' Orlando Furioso," 
and many other works, and one of the 
most celebrated of the Italian poets, died 
on the 6th of June, 1533. 

Carl Maria Von Weber, composer of the 
music of Der FreischUtz, Oheron, and vari- 
ous other operas, was born at Eutin, a 
small town in Holstein, in 1786 or 1787. 
He died in London, of a pulmonary affec- 
tion, on the 5th of June, 1826. Weber 
claimed the invention of lithography, 
which, for a short time, he practised at 
Frisberg, in .Saxony. 



NAPLES, &c., IN THE YEAR MDCCCXXXIX. 



As a pendant to " Rome in the Year 
Mncccxxxix," from the *' Old Bookseller s 
Son,'* p. 217, we here insert a few lines by 
the same pen, dated " Naples, April 20, 
1839." Though not offering much that is 
new, they are not without interest as the 
reflection of first impressions, and as a sketch 
of the moment. 

" 1 have not as yet seen much of Naples, or 
rather its environs, which are the principal at- 
traction; the town itself is as perfect a contrast 
to Rome as it is possible to have : — at Rome all 
is silent and quiet, the streets are thinlv scat- 
tered with people, and httle show of busmess is 
seen. Here, on the contrary, all is noise, bustle, 
and confusion ; in every street are crowds, re- 
sembling those of Cheapside and Fleet Street, 
with omnibuses and carriages of every descrip- 
tion. I have been three days examining the 
museum, and have not seen all yet,, so extensive 
is the collection; there are few remarkable pic- 
tures, but the objects from Pompeii, Hercu- 



laneum, &c. are most interesting. One room is 
occupied with vessels, &c. of glass, some of it 
threaded with different colours like the Dutch — 
some blue, green, &c. ; oil, milk, medicine, &c. 
remaining in some of them. ' A suite of rooms, 
contains a most interesting collection of bronze 
utensils and furniture, the commonest kitchen 
article being designed and ornamented with the 
greatest taste; — ^locks, keys, surgical instru- 
ments, ladies' toilette articles, consisting of ivory 
and bronze boxes, with red and white paint for 
the complexion, bodkins, needles, &c. ; chil- 
dren's toys, door ornaments, lamps, tickets for 
the theatre ; in fact, most of the things in com- 
mon use, in many of which they are before us in 
taste and beauty. The fresco paintings are also 
most curious, many of them in the finest style 
of art, and, as you may suppose, a great treat to 
me ; — in fact, the entire museum is the thing of 
all others in Italy (after painting) that I wish to 
see. In some few things it has fallen short of 
my expectations, in point of extent, but in others 
far surpassed them. * * * 



* i ^ * 



LETTER FROM ELIZABETH CARTER. 



319 



It certainly diminishes much of the pleasure in 
travelling, when you do not know the moment 
you may be attacked. Don Miguel and his 
friends were robbed, a short time since, not far 
from Rome. I thought it as likely as not that 
we should, for our party were so lazy in the 
morning, that we always arrived late at night. 
The road is very interesting, from classical re- 
collections, and the pecuhanty of the scenery — 
forty miles being through the celebrated Pontine 
marshes, the atmosphere of which, in summer, 
wiU sometimes cause death, if a person sleeps 
while crossing them : it is very dimcult to keep 
from doing so at that time, the air is so heavy ; 
— ^two of our party did so, and were attacked 
with sickness, even at this early season. The 
scenery is wild and sava^ in some parts ; the 
cabins of the peasants bemg very like the Irish. 
Eagles and hawks were feeding on carrion, and 
fighting and screaming at each other; large 
snakes slid about amongst the herbage, and 
droves of ugly-looking black buffaloes were 
feeding through the marshes, which extend about 
four hundred square miles, or more, and are a 
dead flat. At Terracina the contrast is great 
indeed ; — lemon and orange-trees in full bear- 
ing; Indian fig and aloe, myrtle, &c. were 



growing amongst the rocks, and here and there 
a group of beautiful palms appeared amon^ 
the olives. The place is rendered still more m« 
teresting, by its having been the retreat of Cicero 
from his enemies ; the rocks are immense, and 
he •probably hid himself amongst them; — ^his 
tomb is on the road-side, and nearer to Naples. 
The bay of Naples is well worthy of its reputa- 
tion ; the weather has not, however, been suit- 
able to seeing it to advantage as yet. You may 
suppose I look on Vesuvius with ^at interest : 
he has not as yet appeared to notice my arrival 
by making preparations to receive me, as Uttle 
or no smoke appears from his stately mansion. 
The Neapolitans are not the picturesque popu- 
lation I expected ; there is, in fact, no costume 
more than ordinary. A rascally young lazzaroni 
attempted to pick my pocket (a trade at which 
they are very expert here), but I felt his hand, 
and turned round and thanked him for his kind- 
ness ; so he walked off sheepishly enough. How 
so idany exist without employment 1 cannot 
imagine. On the mole there are frequently three 
or four groups at a time, of perhaps eighty or a 
hundred each, sitting round^an improvisatore, a 
conjuror, an orator, or a punchinello. The popu- 
lation is, in fact, the most numerous possible.*' 



LETTER FROM ELIZABETH CARTER TO MISS HIGHMORE. 

From the Original in the Collection of a Ladj/. 



Deal March 21, 1749-50 
How do you do, dear Miss High- 
more, after the late terrifying shock which has 
thrown most people into such sad Apprehen- 
sions ? As insensible as you represent me about 
a storm (which however I am not) I have felt 
great Pain to think what those must have suf- 
fered who were in the midst of this alarming 
scene. I thank God we have felt nothing of it 
in our part of the World, but there have been 
Strange Sights in the Air, and some of them 
very beautiful. 

No, indeed, dear Miss Highmore, I am no 
admirer of the Roman Heroes, whom I always 
look upon as a Gang of rapacious Savages. That 
Love of their Country, which one Every where 
finds extolled with such magnificent Elogiums, 
appears to me no other than that kind of fi- 
delity which is absolutely necessary even among 
a Crew of Banditti, that they may the more 
effectually pick the Pockets and cut the Throats 
of all the World besides. Their whole History, 
if one divests it of the false Colourings which 
Oratory and Success have thrown over it, is 
nothing but a dark Scene of Rapine and Oppres- 
sion, and a tricking Policy perpetually watching 
every Opportunity that the weakness of their 
Neighbours afforded them of seizing possessions 
to which they had no Right. I believe from 
what you say on this Subject it may be safe to 
trust oi^es Opinion with you, but to be sure to 
most People it would seem a very absurd one, 
who have used themselves to look upon these 



Conquerors of the World in a very different 
Light. I have read the Roman Father, but as 
you are so cautious of declaring your Sentiments 
about it, I will be equally secret in mine & so 
about this important Point you are likely to 
remain absolutely in the dark. Mr. West's 
Translation of Pindar I have never seen. The 
oration ascribed to Aspasia I do not remember 
ever to have met with, in what Author is it to be 
found ? 

That people may be seriously unhappy from 
fancied Misfortunes cannot be denied, but it by 
no means follows from thence, dear Miss High- 
more, that real and imaginary Evils are the same 
Thing ; they differ in one very essential Point, 
that the first cannot be avoided, and the last 
certainly can. However it must be confessed 
that people thus fantastically wretched may de- 
serve great Commiseration. Accustomed per- 
haps from their Infancy by an unfortunate Edu- 
cation to connect Ideas which in themselves have 
no Connection, and thus to place their Happi- 
ness on Objects where the Author of their nature 
never intended it should be placed. 

My Compliments attend your Papa & Mama 
& M" Browne My Head which you are so good 
to inquire after is but a good ror nothing kind 
of a Head & at present will give me leave to 
add no more than the Assurance of my being 
dear Miss Highmore 

Your very obliged & 
faithful humble servant 

E Carter 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



The lllu&truted Shakxpere ; revised from the best 
Authorities. With Annotations, and Intro- 
ductory Remarks on the Plays. By many 
Distinguished Writers. Illustrated \\ith nearly 
One Thousand Engravings on Wood, from 
Designs by Kenny Meadows: engraved by 
Orrin Smith. Part I., The Tempest. Super- 
royal 8vo. Tyas. 1839. 

Another Shakspere ! — Oh, no ! not another 
Shakspere, for the Creator never produced a 
second ; but another edition — another illustrated 
i&iition — an edition of " Shakspere for the 
People," the exquisite beauty and delicacy of 
the typography of which surpasses all that we 
have seen. The avowed object of the projectors 
of this work " is to make the Book of Shaks- 
pere literally a household thing;" and that, 
*' whilst its price and mode of publication shall 
bring it within the means of readers of the hum- 
blest fortunes, the novelty of its pictorial illus- 
trations, with the care bestowed upon its text, 
and typographical pretensions," shall " render 
it superior to niany editions put forth at quad- 
ruple its cost." The new resources of mecha- 
nical science, remark the proprietors, and the 
extraordinary improvement in wood enpaving, 
enable them ** to diffuse amidst — ay, milhons ! — 
those beauties of art, and necessarily those re- 
finements of life, no longer jealousljr considered 
as the property of the lew, but claimed as the 
heritage of the many. Time was, when litera- 
ture and art were to the people — 

'* Banned and barrM, forbidden fare.'* 

Happily, in our day, the triumphs of the mind 
have vindicated their first and most sacred pur- 
pose — that of being ministrant to the moral im- 
provement, and therefore to the highest happi- 
ness of all men. Books are no longer the ex- 
clusive luxuries of the rich — they are become 
the necessary food of the poor." 

We farther quote from the ably-written pro- 
spectus* as more to the purpose than aught that 
we can ourselves advance on the subject : — " In 
the present great moral struggle — in the present 
confiict of aU that ennobles as of all that debases 
our common nature — good books may be con- 
sidered as manna, blessing a hungry multitude. 
This allowed, what human work so irresistibly 
Siidresses itself to human sympathies as the 
writings of Shakspere ? Where shall the people 
find a nobler teacher — ^from whom shall their 
nature receive such immortal elevation — ^where 
shall they behold such vivid, stirring pictures of 
the world about them — ^whence learn (and learn- 
ing, fear, respect, and love) the wondrous mys- 
teries of the human heart — ^its powers alike for 
good or evil ? Who shall teach them this with 
a loftier, a sweeter, a simpler, and a more con- 
vincing eloquence than Shakspere? Where 



shall they see and gather this loveliness and 
wisdom but in the starry page of him, whose 
genius, surpassing the powers of all men in its 
strength, is tempered with a charity and sweet- 
ness, rendering that strength so universal ?" 

One of the great merits of this edition, inde- 
pendently of its intrinsic and abstract excellence, 
IS, that it interferes with none of its predecessors 
or contemporaries. Its illustrations are of a 
poetical rather than of historic or antiquarian 
character. Thus, while it is complete in itself, 
it is desirable, if not essential, in every library, 
even though every library may have a thousand 
other editions of the bard upon its shelves. 

The "Introductory Remarks" to the "Tem- 
pest" are very neatly written: our regret is that 
they are not upon a more extended scale. Of 
the " Notes " we are not yet enabled to sj)eak, 
as Part the First is entirely occupied by the 
play itself. 

The typography, as we have said, is remark- 
able for its extreme delicacy and beauty. It is 
to the illustrations, however, that we must turn 
for the primary attraction. The designs, by 
Meadows, are of a highly poetic character. The 
" Tempest" alone furnishes twenty ; some of 
them slight, it is true, but others exquisite, and 
all effective. A sufficient guarantee for the ad- 
mirable style of their engraving is given in the 
name of Orrin Smith. Perhaps the gem of 
Part I. is a brilliant and richly imaginative 
landscape — a moonlight scene — illustrating the 
passage, " On the bat's back I do fly," in 
Ariel's charming song — 

'* Where the bee sucks, there suck I ; 
In a cowslip's bell I lie," &c. 

The wreck — ^with the wild rush of the waters, 
the lightning's flash, and the demons of the 
storm — formmg the head-piece to Act I., is 
dazzling and terrific. Rich in humour, the head- 
piece to Act IV. is also very striking. Grand 
in its very simplicity, Prospero forms a noble 
portrait. Amongst the other illustrations may 
be particularised the portraits of Sycorax, Cali- 
ban, Ferdinand, Miranda, Ariel, the King, Triu- 
cula, Stephano, the Conspirators, &c. — ^A brief 
descriptive list of the illustrations, on the wrap- 
per, is very desirable. 

It is announced that a biographical account of 
Shakspere, collected from various sources, and 
embracing the results of various late discoveries, 
will be written for this work, by Mr. Jerrold ; 
with an Essay on the Plays and Poems. 

The chief, almost the only fault we can find 
with this specimen Part of " The Illustrated 
Shakspere " is its distressing cbeap^ess : we 
cannot comprehend by what possible circulation 
the enormous outlay for paper, print, painting, 
engraving, &c., here involved, is ever to be 
brought back to the proprietors. 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



321 



Notes of a Wanderer, in Search of Health, 
through Itafy, Egypt, Greece, Turkey, up the 
Danube, and down the "Rhine. By W. F. 
Cumming, M.D., late Bengal Medical Estab- 
lishment; Member of the Royal Physical 
Society of Edinburgh i Associate Member of 
the Egyptian Societjr of Cairo ; and Corres- 
ponding Member of the Medical Society of 
Athens. 2 vols. Saunders and Otley. 1839. 

This is a very unpretending work, by a writer 
of considerable attainments, actuated by a mind 
truly benevolent and philanthropic. "From 
the circumstances under which these notes were 
written," observes Dr. Cumming, " they are 
necessarily of a discursive and familiar charac- 
ter, touching but sUghtly, and on the surface of 
things. Hence, although treating of Italy, and 
Egypt, and Greece, it is not to the scholar, or 
the antiquary, I address myself, — to them 
my pages will afford httle instruction ; but I 
would hope they may not be altogether devoid 
of interest to the invalid, and to those general 
readers who prefer the traveller's own impres- 
sions and sketches carelessly hit off amid the 
scenes described, to elaborate disquisitions on 
politics, poetry, or pyramids." 

Labouring under a pulmonary affection of 
considerable severity, that, and various other cir- 
cumstances, induced Dr. Cumming to determine 
on passing the winter of 1836 in Eg3^t; pass- 
ing, in his way thither, through Italy ; and sub- 
sequently visiting Greece and Turkey, and then 
passing up the Danube and down the Rhine, 
and reachmghome by the way of Holland. 

^When at Thebes, on New Year's Day, 1837, 
Dr. Cumming thus writes : — 

** Strength returning rapidly. I enjoy my 
large roomy chamber exceeding^ after the con- 
finement of my little cabin. This house was 
built by the French during their occupation of 
Egypt. It stands on part of the ruins of the 
Great Temple or Luxor. I am now seated on 
a platform outside my chamber, from which I 
command a view of exceeding beauty. The 
climate is most heavenly. In what part of 
Europe could I find a new year's day Uke the 
present ! Even in boasted Italy, there are pro- 
bably at this moment frost and snow, or fogs 
and rain ; while here I am respiring the balmi- 
est air that ever gladdened the lungs of man. 
I deUght in sitting out here, gazing on the 
varied picture exposed to the eye. Beneath 
the walls is the noble Nile flowing his onward 
course in unruffled majesty. A small green 
isle divides the river into two branches, nearly 
equal in size, the lower extremity terminating 
exactly opposite to where I sit, and here the 
parted stream reunites its tranquil waters. A 
number of camels are reposing upon a ledge of 
sand left dry by the receding inundation, most 
of them lying on the ground in admired dis- 
order. Some are standmg among the herd on 
three legs, the fourth being shaclded by a strap 
that binds up the knee. Several gntve, sedate 
looking donkeys stand round the outskirts of 
the flock." 



At Cairo, on the 26th of February, our au- 
thor proceeds : — 

" The weather continues delightful ; indeed, 
it is impossible to imagine any thing more 
divine than the chmate of Egypt ; were the ele- 
ment£( under my controul, I could not improve 
it ; the sky is bright and cloudless, and the at- 
mosphere pure and transparent as crystal : here 
are no soul-subduing fogs, nor vapour-giving 
rains ; no green frosts, nor ghastly snows. The 
sun rules supreme, yet without despotic sway ; 
hitherto I have braved with impumty even his 
direct rays. I feel convinced that the chmate 
of Egypt has only to be known in ordet to be 
appreciated and resorted to by the pectoral in- 
vaUd. In what part of Europe will he find such 
a winter ? I boldly assert, in none. That there 
are many disadvant^es and drawbacks cannot 
be denied ; nor is Egypt at all adapted to the 
invaUd whose malady is^ar advanced: when 
the cough is confirmed, the body wasted, the 
expectoration prevalent, and the hectic on the 
cheek, he should by all means stay at home, for 
Egypt will not work miracles. But let him 
who is of a phthisical disposition, who is sus- 
ceptible of catching cold on the shghtest ex- 
posure to damp, who has occasional shght febrile 
paroxysms, with hard dry cough, and tendency 
to emaciate ; let him, I say, come out to the 
Nile, and he will b'e almost certain to ward off 
the dart that is aimed against him. Tubercles 
once formed, the Nile will not cure them, but it 
will in many cases prevent their formation, and 
even when deposited, cause them to remain 
inert."' 

We must notice Dr. Cimiming's visit to 
Femey. 

'' On Saturday I accompanied Espinasse and 
his friend to Femey, well known as the residence 
of Voltaire ; it is five miles distant from Geneva ; 
and about two miles within the French frontier. 
The house, or chateau, as it is called, is ap- 
proached by an avenue of trees, beginning at 
the village ; behind the house, and all round, 

are some pretty walks. Count is the 

present proprietor, but he permits the pubUc to 
visit the parlour and bed-room of the ^ Great 
Man.' In them there is nothing to be seen of 
particular note. It is the imagination and not 
the eye that must expect to be gratified on 
occasions like these. For myself, I did not 
enter the retreat of Voltaire with the feelings of 
a devout pilgrim ; my admiration of the genius 
being associated with but httle reverence for 
the man. We were shewn an elm in the garden 
that he had planted. It is now a fine tree, 
having a circumference of ten feet at least, and 
its trunk defended from the spohations ai the 
pilgrim, by a coating of thorns, extending higher 
than a man can reach. But for this precaution, 
the outer bark would soon vanish, and the safety 
of the tree be compromised. After walking 
over the grounds, we were conducted to see 
some rehcs of Voltaire. These were exhibited 
by the venerable gardener, a fine old man of 

2 K 



322 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



seventy-three. He shewed us a hook of seals 
taken from the letters of Voltaire's corres- 
pondents, all pasted in order, in a portfolio. 
Ilemarks in his own hand-writing are written 
tinder many of the seals : under that of one, he 
has written * Fou,' — of another, * II fait des 
vers.' The arms of emperors and kings are 
among the number, showing how recherche 
among the potentates of the earth was the phi- 
losopher of Femey. Among them was the seal 
of Uarrick, but with no remark attached. The 
old gardener was a boy of fourteen when Voltaire 
quitted Femey for Paris. His vocation was to 
accompany his master during his walks, canying 
his writing materials, in order that when a 
luminous thought came across him, he might 
note it down. He showed us the inkstand and 
seal which his master had always used, and 
which he had presented to him the day before 
his departure for Paris ; likewise a copy of the 
four last lines that he ever wrote. They are to 
the effect, that in his life time he had never 
shrunk from combating prejudices ; and that if, 
in the shades, he found any to exist, he would 
write them down there also, — 

' Tandis que j'ai vecu, on m'a vu hautement 
Aux badards efiares dire mon sentiment ; 
Je veux le dire encore dans le royaume sombre, 
S'ils ont des prejuges, j'en guerirai les ombres V 

" I bought a printed sheet, giving some par- 
ticulars of Voltaire, to which the old man ap- 
pended the impression of the seal. I had also 
the honour of putting on the huge ring of the 
philosopher, which was exhibited as a most 
sacred relic." 

It was our intention to close here ; but we 
must find room for the writer's description of 
his enviable sensations, on his return to Eng- 
land, after a former long absence. 

*' The profoundest stillness reigned in the 
harbour (Plymouth) as we entered, and the 
deep silence of midnight was broken only by 
the town clock, which wad in the act of striking 
twelve when I stepped upon the quay. With what 
elastic step and bounding heart I then trod the 
British soil! A seaman conducted me to an 
inn ; the door was locked, but there was a hght 
in the coffee-room. I knocked, and presently 
the door was opened by a rosy, polite bar-maid, 
who welcomed me with a smile, shewed me into 
the cofiee-room, and asked what she should 
bring me for supper. I shall never forget that 
moment. What a transition from the huge 
crowded inns of America, where the servants 
are all blacks, or if you chance occasionally to 
meet with a free-bocn American in the capacity 
of waiting-maid, she is a stern i*epublicaa dam- 
sel, whom you must call " Miss," and speak to 
in a tone of supplication rather than of com- 
mand ! Here I was in a snug EngUsh coffee- 
room, waited on by a nice pretty Enghshwoman, 
who, far from thinking it a degration, was de- 
lighted to" serve me. I felt bewildered with joy, 
and seizing the smiling Hebe in my arms, im- 
pressed a glowing Idas upon her hps. It was 



the patriot's kiss — ^pure and fervent, and might 
have been impressed before the whole bench of 
bishops. The Ups of the bar-maid were to me 
as the sacred soil of my country^ with the addi- 
tional advantage of being more agreeable to 
press than the cold stones of the quay. In that 
girl I beheld the personification, the represen- 
tative, as it were, of all that was dear to me in 
England, — ^for she was all I had yet seen of my 
country." 

Cheveley ; or. The Man of Honour, By Lady 
Lytton Bulwer. 3 Vols. Bull. 1839. 

Lady Cheveley; or, The Woman of Honour. 
pp. 47. Churton. 1839. 

Of these publications, the former is understood 
to be a malignant attack upon the husband of 
the writer and the father of her children. Pos- 
sibly it may contain some truth ; but, to what- 
ever extent the truth may run, it is so mixed up 
with fiction — fiction of the grossest and most 
offensive nature — ^that it is impossible to draw a 
line of demarcation between them, or to render 
justice to the party assailed. Of Sir E. L. Bul- 
wer we know, and wish to know, nothing : that 
he is a man of superciUous, affected, conceited- 
manners, has long been evident to every person, 
who may have met him in society ; that, as a 
novelist, he is one of the most splendid geniuses 
of the age, will hardly be contested, unless by 
his political enemies; that he is a miserable 
politician, his writings in the New Monthly 
Magazine, of which he was once the editor, and 
his speeches in ParUament, abundantly prove ; 
but that he is the moral monster depicted in the 
pages of his wife's romance we utterly disbeUeve: 
in fact, we would not so libel human nature as to 
believe in the possibiUty of the existence of a 
brute and a monster so horrible. Whatever may 
be Sir Edward Bulwer's character, as a man^ 
Lady Bulwer, by the publication of " Cheveley," 
has established her character, as a woman — aa a 
wife, as a mother, as 9i friend, as an acquaintance, 
as a member of society at large. Such books 
ought to be put down, as contra honos mores. 
Personal assailants of character — especially Je- 
male assailants — must be put down, or society 
will become a bear-garden. Their suppression 
will tend essentially to preserve the insulted and 
maligned aristocracy of our land from the pesti- 
lence of vulgar detraction. 

Of the rhyming trifle entitled " Lady Cheve- 
ley, or the Woman of Honour," it is sufficient 
to say that Sir E. Bulwer has thought proper to 
disclaim the authorship. 



Heads of the People taken off, by Kenny Mea- 
dowsXQuizfizzz). No. 7. Tyas, 1839. 

As " The Undertaker " is the best head upon 
the wood, this month, so, as in " the fitness of 
things " it should be, Jerrold has given it the 
best illustration upon paper. 

" Let us, however, follow Mr. Mandrake 
through his daily solemnity. Let us attend him 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



323 



^ to the house of mourning ; let us go with him 
on the day when he who was the very heart of 
that house is to he carried forth to the church- 
yard. For a time, the Undertaker takes pos- 
session of the miserable homestead. He is the 
self-created lord of its hospitahty. It is he who 
stands the majster of the mansion, and does its 
melancholy honours. With what grim urbanity 
he hands about the cake and wine ! How he 
presses refreshment upon the heart-broken; 
how, as merely a matter of business, he proffers 
it to the mourners by invitation ! His words, 
few and significant, come in whispers, and he 
treads the carpet as though he walked on flow- 
ers. Nor are his attentions confined to the re- 
latives and friends of the dead ; no, he has a 
keen anxiety for the wants of his vassals. The 
mutes, two breathing, half-crown images of 
deepest woe at the door, must, to support their 
load of sorrow, be plied with cake and alcohol ; 
the coachmen cannot look sufficiently serious 
without their customary fluid ; and the bearers. 



sisted at the fitting of the mourning gloves — 
who tied on the cloak ; or, who noiselessly en- 
tered the room, and, ere the screws were turned, 
with a face set for the occasion, and a voice 
pitched to the sadness of his purpose, begged to 
know if * it was the wish, — before — before — ' 
and then shrunk aside, as some one or two 
rushed in agony of heart to take a farewell look ? 
Is it the same Undertaker — is it even a bird of 
the same sable feathe> ? Scarcely ; for see how 
he lounges alon^ the path: his head is cast 
aside, and there is in every feature the* spirit of 
calculation. What is he thinking of, — the train 
he leads ? — the part he plays in the festival of 
death? No: he is thinking of his deals at 
home — of the three other buryings his men are 
attending for him — of his chances of payment — 
of the people who have passed their word in se- 
curity for part of the money for the present 
funeral— of the lateness of the hour — of his tea, 
that will be waiting for him ere the burying be 
done. How sad, how miserable the train that 



that they may stand manfully beneath their . follows ! The widow and her children : what 
-burthen, must nerve their hearts with potent efforts have been made — what future privations 
gin. j entailed, by the purchase of the mourning that 

" The funeral is over, the cloaks are gathered covers them ! Here is death in all his naked 
up, the hatbands adjusted, the Undertaker and j horror ; with nought to mask his unsightliness 
his servants have departed, and nought remains —nothing to lessen the blow; here, indeed, he 



of the solemnity save — ^the bill ! That is, in due 
time, presented; and — happy is the Undertaker 
above all the race of trading men — ^his commo- 
dities, as provided and supphed, defy the voice 
of cavil. His articles, six, eight, ten feet be- 
low the earth, are not to be questioned. He 
boldly charges for the ' best mattress and pil- 
low ;* for the grass has begun to grow above 
them, or the mason has built them over, and 
who shall doubt their quality? The ' best mat- 
tress !' What a melancholy satire in the super- 
lative, when we think of the head of clay, the 
limbs of earth disposed upon it! And then, 
* To a stout, handsome elm coffin ;' its durability 
and beauty insisted upon with a flourish, as if it 
were a thing made and adorned to endure for 
ever; a precious chest provided for the judg- 
ment. Then follows, ' To the use of the best 
black silk velvet pall,' and the * feathers,' and 
the ' cloaks,' and the * hearse,' and the * coaches,' 
and aU that may be truly said to belong to the 
living ; the mattress, the shroud, and the * hand- 
some elm,' being, indeed, the only things that 
can be honestly charged to the account of the 
dead." 

Here is a funeral of a different class : — 

'* It is the sabbath in London. Streams of 
people pour along the streets ; everybody wears 
a brightened face; the whole metiopohs makes 
cheerful holiday. All things move, and look, 
and sound of life, and life's activities. Careless 
talk and youthful laughter are heard as we pass : 
man seems immortal in his very ease. Creep- 
ing through the throng, comes the poor man's 
funeral train : look at the Undertaker marshal- 
ing the way. Is he the same functionary who 
handed cake and vrine — ^who deferentially as- 



rends the heart-strings, and there is no medi- 
cine in fortune, no anodyne to heal the wounds. 
Follow the mourners from the church-yard 
home. Home ! — A place of desolation ; a cold 
hearth, and an empty cupboard. It is in the 
poor man's house that the dart of death is sharp- 
est — ^that terror is added to the king of terrors. 
It is there that he sets up his saddest scutcheon 
in the haggard looks of the widow — in the pal- 
Ud faces of the fatherless." 

The " Head " of the poor " Chimney-sweep" 
is almost, if not quite, as good as that of the 
" Undertaker ;" and its illustration, by John 
Ogden, probably stands next upon the scale of 
merit. 

And then we have two more Tavern Heads : 
" The Last Go," and " The Man of Many 
Goes ;" and, for our own parts, we shall not be 
sorry when they are all gone. 



The Unity of Disease analytically and syntheti- 
cally proved : with Facts and Cases subversive 
of the Received Practice of Physic. By Sa- 
muel Dickson, M.D., formerly a Medical 
Officer on the Staff; author of a Treatise on 
" The Prevalent Diseases of India," " The 
Fallacy of the Art of Physic, as taught in the 
Schools," &c 8vo. Simpkin, Marshall, and 
Co. 1839. 

Dr. Dickson is probably somewhat too much 
of a theorist ; but there is so much that is good 
in his theory — ^so much simplicity, sound sense, 
and apparent truth — ^that his extraordinary vo- 
lume is well entitled to the serious consider- 
ation of every member of the faculty. Dr. 
Dickson defines health to be an eqiiable and 
medium temperature prevailing throughout the 



324 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



body. Every thing is periodical. " There can 
be no motion in matter without change of tem- 
perature, and no change of temperature without 
motion in matter" Disease is a divergence 
from an equable and medium temperature ; it is 
a state to be improved — a corporeal variation, 
reducible, like health, into a series of particular 
mutations. The difference between disease and 
health consists " in mere variations of the sum 
or amount of the natural corporeal action and 
temperature." The essence of Dr. Dickson's 
theory is this : — " Intermittent fever is the type 
of all disease." Thus, as all disease partakes of 
the nature of ague, in all its modifications, it 
will be best met by a practice in accordance 
with the proper treatment of aeue. 

It is amusing to observe, that Dr. Dickson, 
while he laughs at the homoeopathists, is, in 
practice, more than half a homoeopathist him- 
self. Speaking of Dr. Hahnemann, he says — 
''His remedies are aconite, gold, belladonna, 
&c. ; but these are only salutary, according to 
him, when prescribed in the minutest possible 
doses : — the millionth, decillionth, and heaven 
knows what other infinitissimal proportions of a 
grain of aconite or belladonna, being an infal- 
lible remedy for the great proportion of human 
diseases! Can my reader, unless absolutely 
mystified by metaphysics, require me to enter 
into the serious reiutation of such absurdities ?" 
Yet Dr. Dickson tells us, that, for thirteen years 
of his life, he has himself been in the habit of 
prescribing calomel in doses so minute as the 
12th, 16th, and 20th part of a grain. Now, we 
will take leave to say, that, had he read and 
studied Dr. Hahnemann (which he evidently has 
not) — ^had he understood the principles and prac- 
tice of homoeopathy — ^had he made himseli ac- 
quainted with the mode of preparing homoeo- 
pathic medicines — with the extent to which the 
Known properties of drugs are increased by that 
mode of preparation, and with the new proper- 
ties which are developed thereby ; had he, more- 
over, been cognisant of the numerous " facts 
and cases subversive of the received practice of 
physic," which homoeopathic practitioners have 
adduced, he would never have asked the ques- 
tion which we have cited. Whatever may be 
the effects of homoeopathy, it is, what allopathy 
is not — a system. The main points of difference 
between Dr. Dickson and the homoeopathists 
appear to be,^rs^, that while the pharmacopseia 
of the homoeopathist is exceedingly copious, 
that of Dr. Dickson is vastly more restricted 
than that of the allopathists in general ; and, 
secondly, that whilst the disciples of Hahnemann 
invariably exhibit simple medicines — ^that is, only 
one medicine at a time — Dr. Dickson exhibits his 
few favourite medicines (arsenic, prussic acid, 
quinine, opium, &c.) in combination. 

. With reference to bloodletting. Dr. Dickson 
soes farther than even the homoeopathists. He 
does not draw the lancet even in cases of apo- 
plexy. " In the course of a very extensive 
practice," says he, " I have not for some years 
even once ordered the abstraction of blood in 



any manner, nor have I had cause to legteb the 
circumstance ; for, since I dropped the practiee, 
I have met with a success in the treatment o£ 
disease generally, which, while my mind con- 
tinued fettered by school doctrines, I could not 
by any possibihty have foreseen." 

Dr. Dickson's mode of treatment for apo- 
plexy is by the cold afiiision. The patient is 
extended on his back ; cold water is poured on 
his head, from a height ; after a few ablutions, 
he staggers to his feet — stares wildly aroimd 
him — ^walks away, and his cure is completed by 
a smart purgative. 

Dr. Dickson's work is eminently entitled t9 
consideration. 



The History of Napoleon Buonaparte, SfC, 
Edited by R. H. Home, Esq. Part II. 
Royal 8vo. Tyas. 1839. 

The second portion of this interesting and 
spirited work, amusing from its abundance of 
anecdote, < and instructive from its illustrations 
of personal character, brings the history down to 
the period of Napoleon's arrival at Paris, after 
the treaty of Campo Formio. As we proceed, 
however, we begin to question the impartiality 
of its editor. We are perfectly aware that, 
whatever may be the honest -intentions of a 
writer — for, more or less, we are all party-men 
— ^it is impossible to wield a strictly impartial 
pen in sketching the memoirs of contemporary 
public characters. Take, for instance, a Tory and 
a Whig : set them, each, to write a life of Lord 
Lyndhurst, Lord Melbourne, or Lord Brougham : 
let their intentions and determination be equally 
honest and pure ; yet how different must their 
productions, of necessity, prove. And Buona- 
parte, though no longer actually a contemporary, 
IS not yet sufficiently far removed from immedi- 
ate observation to enable even the honestest 
man in existence to trace his career with an eye 
strictly and philosophically impartial. It must be 
infinitely more satisfactory to a writer to have 
to pen the biography of a man whose character 
he may happen to admire, than the reverse. In 
the former case, he may do his subject more, in 
the latter he will be sure to do him less, than 
justice ; and that without any imputation on his 
integrity. Since then, we are not permitted to 
indiuge the hope of impartiahty — and, perhaps, 
were we even, by possibility, to witness the 
consummation of such a hope, we should not be 
satisfied — ^we think we are entitled to an honest 
avowal of an author's principles and predilec- 
tions. Thus, beginning, as we have said, to 
question the impartiality of Mr. Home, witiv 
reference to . his History of Buonaparte, we 
should be better pleased were he to stand boldly 
forward, and proclaim his partizanship. With 
readers, on one side of the question, this wopld 
give him a decided advantage ; whilst those on 
the other would be the better enabled to make 
due allowance for the leaning of his state- 
ments. We may be in error — ^if so we shall 
most willingly recant ; but to us it a^^pears 'as 



NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 



325 



tboQgh Mr. Home werie endeavouring to found a 
daim for his work to be entitled '^ 'J he Beauties 
of Buonaparte" This, as we have intimated, 
will be a feather in his cap with many. 

As we anticipated, in our notice of Part I., 
the execution of many of the engravings now 
.before us is, from the touch of English artists, 
of a higher order of merit; especially those 
from the designs of Horace Vemet. 



The Madhouse, A Poem. By John Goodwin 
Barmby. Stocking. 1839. 

TliE author of this httle brochure — a youth of 
only seventeen — ^has all the faults — can it be 
wondered at? — of a young poet. But, malgri 
his faults — ^his redundancy of epithet, his innu- 
merable expletives, his unhappy rh3rmes, his 
unconscious imitations of the peculiarities rather 
than of the beauties of favourite writers — ^he is 
a poet. He is a poet ; and he gives hope and 
promise of better things to come. 

Crabbe had a giant's power; and he used that 
power like a giant-mercaessly. Rarely was 
Crabbe satisfied without subjecting all our ge- 
nerous feelings and sympathies to torture. 
Shakspeareknew better than to play such pranks: 
he always stopped short of the horrible. As a 
model, a more objectionable writer than Crabbe 
could not be selected. Let Mr. Barmby beware 
of his example. He could hardly have hit upon 
a worse theme for the exercise of his talent tnan 
a ''madhouse." Unhke Lord Byron, he did not 
" virant a hero :" his want was that of a friend 
-—of an honest and intelligent friend, upon 
whose taste and jud^ent he could rely, and 
upon whose advice, m the composition of his 

Eoem, he would feel himself bound to act. Had 
e been sufficiently fortunate to possess such a 
friend, his verses would have been less crude 
and inaccurate than they now are. However, 
let the reader accept his " Dedication," in proof 
of our expressed opinion that ''he is a poet: — 

" Floranthe — Ladye mine — I dedicate 

Hiese first-heard tunings of my novice lyre 
To thee, my heart's sole Idol, and aspire 

To lay before thee, in thy virtue's state — 
As heathens plac'd before a deity 
Their choral hymns— my lav of poesie : 

And oh ! may thy two eyes which beam so bright. 
Beneath the grape-black clusters of thy hair. 

Like planets twin set 'neath the brow of night, 

Beflect their lustrous eloquence of hght 
Upon my page — and as the youne moon fair. 

The musing psleness of thy angel race — 

Oh! may it hover o'er the wild thoughts 
there — 

For tohere it looks must be a hallow'd place. 

And where a glance so bright as thine does shine. 
All darkness vanishes — sweet Ladye mine." 



esting from the British Indian Residenpes, 
and the Eastern Nations. Nos. XVI. and 
XVII. (for April and May). Smith, Elder, 
and Co. 

With this periodical, apparently a very able and 
useful one, we had been hitherto unacquainted. 
Under the heads, " Synopsis of Indian Intelli- 
gence," " Asiatic Register," " Postscript," &c., 
the mass of information it contains, from being 
composed in a very small type, is prodigious. 
The original articles, too, are of considerable 
interest and value. In the Number for Apjil, 
we find a full account of the Assam Tea Com- 
pany; from the clear and copious details of 
which, there is strong reason to infer, that we 
shall not much longer be dependent upon China 
for our favourite and almost indispensable re- 
past of tea. Mr.Bruce, the discoverer of the 
tea-plant in Assam, sixteen years ago, states, 
that, in 1838, he was emploving twelve manipu- 
lators in the manufacture of tea ; and that ii he 
had 12,000 he could find employment for them 
all. 

The May Number opens with a long and 
important paper embracing a view of the "Crisis 
in India," and of Lord Auckland's measures in 
that country. Nothing could have been better 
timed than this. 

Altogether we are much pleased with this 
publication, and heartily wish it success. 



The Orieiital Herald^ and Colonial Intelligencer : 
-containing a Faidifrd Digest of such Infor- 
mation as must be considered generally inter- 



The Education of the People ; the Bible the 
Foundation, and the Church the Teacher, 
An Introductory Address deUvered in the 
Lecture Room of the Bath General Instruc- 
tion Society, on Friday, February 1st, 1839. 
By Edward Osier, Principal of the Society. 
London : Smith, Elder, & Co. 1839. 

For a view of the benevolent and comprehensive 
schemes of " The Bath General Instruction 
Society," we must refer the reader to the tract, 
the title, of which we have given above. From 
the subjoined brief excerpta from its pages, 
which we offer without comment, the general 
and rehgious principles of the society will be 
understood. 

" A reason why the whole Christian education 
of the child should be identified with his Church 
is found in the truth, acknowledged by all or- 
thodox sects, that Christian communion is es- 
sential to personal religion." * * 

" Even in a worldly point of view, it is ma- 
terial that children be brought up with fixed 
rehgious principles. Experience shews that the 
character is greatly influenced by the rehgious 
persuasion ; and mdecision in a matter of so 
great moment is fatal to general consistency and 
stabiUty. ' A double minded man is unstable in 
all his ways,' and he who rambles from sect to 
sect is always just as unsteady in his worldly 
affairs.'^ * ♦ * * 

" Decision and constancy in rehgious opinion 
are so essential both to the religious and the ge- 



326 



SELECT NECROLOGY. 



nenl character^ that it is a necessary part of a 
religions education to identify a system with the 
teaching, and to bind the child to it by his rea- 
son, associations, and affections. Neutrality is 
impossible. The school which is not decidedly 
Church, will be entirely sectarian.'* * * 

" Upon the question what schools should be 
patronized in a system of education for the 
people, we appeal to the policy of the Govern- 
ment, and to the principles of churchmen. 
Upon the Government we would urge, that the 
dvii and reHgious institutions of the country are 
so^entirely identified, that in proportion as any 
individual is hostile to the one, does he seek to 

Sromote organic changes in the other. Nor 
oes this depend on the fact that the Episcopal 
Church is established by law, while the oifferent 
dissenting bodies are in a less favoured position. 
Wherever the principles and system of dissent, 
or Congregationalism, prevail, there the feehng 
is hostile to monarchy ; while on the other hand, 
loyalty and episcopacy are inseparable. There- 
fore it is the policy of the State to uphold and 
foster the Church, as the only safeguard of the 
Constitution, and the sure bulwark of the 
Throne." * * * * 

" Dissent is tolerated, not established ; and 
toleration implies, that while the system is not, 
and ought not to be molested, it is not, -and 
ought not to be encouraged. 

"The appeal to churchmen on the subject 



mi^ be very short; for they cannot countenaiioe 
sectarian, or what is the same thing, conopre- 
hensive schools, without abandoning their prin- 
ciples. To do this, they must sanction the 
suppression of truths which they believe to be 
important, and create facilities ^r the propaga. 
tion of errors which tfa^ believe to be hnxt^ : 
leaving the child to choose hereafter between 
truth and error, as chance, or drcumstances, 
may determine, and withholding from him the 
knowledge which would lead him to a right 
choice." 



Splendid Library Edition of Fabla; by the 
most eminent British, French, German, and 
Spanish Authors; illustrated with numerons 
Engravings, after Original Designs. By J. J. 
Granville. Parts II., III., and IV. 8vo. 
Tilt. 1839. 

Op this spirited and tasteful publication, we 
cannot do otherwise than repeat, in its progress, 
the praise we so cordially awarded on the ap- 
pearance of its commencing Part.* The Fables, 
both in prose and verse, are selected with great 
taste and judgment; and those which appear 
now for the first time in an English dress are 
extremely well, and even elegantly, translated. 
The collection should be in every libraiy. 

* Vide, ^,45, 



Select ^etroloffp^ 



THE BISHOP OF PETERBOROUGH. 



The Rev. Herbert Maish, D.D., Bishop of Pe- 
terborough, Mai^aret Professor of Divinity at 
Cambridge, and Rector of S|t. Clement's, Nor- 
folk, died at the Palace, Peterborough, on the 
1st of May. 

This eminently learned and highly-gifted pre- 
late was bom about the year 17^7* He was a 
native of the metropolis, and was educated at 
St. John's College, Cambridge, where he greatly 
distinguished himself as a classical and mathe- 
matical student. He was second wrangler in 
1779. After obtaining a fellowship and acade- 
mical honours at home, he went to Germany for 
improvement in modem languages. At Gottin- 
gen he resided several years. Whilst on the 
Continent he acquired much important infor- 
mation on publio afiairs, and was thus enabled 
to render essential service to his country, for 
which, during the administration of Mr. Pitt, he 
was rewarded with a pension. 

On the death of Mr. Mainwaring, in 1807, he 
succeeded to the Lady Margaret Professorship ; 
and, with a laudable zeal to discharge the duties 
of his station in the most beneficial manner, he 
immediately engaged in a course of English lec- 
tures on theology, instead of Latin ones, as had 
been the ameient practice; 



It was in the earlier part of his life that Dr. 
Marsh pubhshedhis " Translation of Michaelis's 
Introduction to the New Testament," with ori- 
ginal notes, many of which are learned disqui- 
sitions on points of great moment. This work 
was succeeded by his *' Letter to Mr. Archdeacon 
Travis," containing information of indisputable 
value to those who are engaged in the study of 
the Greek Manuscripts of the New Testament. 
After he became the Lady Margaret Professor, 
he put forth his ''Comparative View of tiie 
Churches of England and Rome" — a volume of 
much importance at the time, and rendered still 
more important by subsequent events. He was 
extensively enga^d in the Bible Society contro- 
versy, and also in that referring to the rival 
claims of Dr. Bell and Joseph Lancastdr on the 
subject of education. His " Lectures on Divi- 
nity," containing a more systematic arrange- 
ment of the sevmd branches of theology than 
had previously appeared — ^with many volumes 
and treatises, the very titles of which would oc- 
cupy nearly a page of The Aldine Magazine — 
all abound in matter most useM to theological 
students. Whatever came from Bishop Marsh's 
pen evinced unwearied assiduity in research, ex- 
treme acuteness in discovering drcumstances 



SELECT NECROLOGY. 



n? 



that could elucidate the subject of fak investiga- 
tion, and the utmost clearness in stating the re- 
sult of his labours. In fine, his writings are 
certainly destined to rank with those which will 
" profit in the afiber-time.'' Dr. Marsh was con- 
secrated Bishop of Llandaff on the 18th of July, 
1816, and translated to Peterborough on the 
2dth of April, 1819. This distingnished prelate 
was a Fellow of the Royal, and also of the 
Asiatic Society. 

The Very Reverend George Davys, Dean of 
Chester, has succeeded Bishop Marsh in the see 
of Peterborough. 

THOMAS HAYNE8 BATLT, ESQ. 

This gentleman, remembered in all our gay and 
fashionable circles as the popular author of " Oh, 
no, we never mention her," " I'd be a Butter- 
fly," and a multitude of other light and graceful 
songs — of two or three novels, and tfues and 
sketches ad infinitum — and of from thirty to forty 
little dramatic pieces, (" Perfection," " Tom 
Noddy's Secret, &c.) most of them successful — 
died at Cheltenham on the 22d of April, after a 
severe illness, and long mental struggling and 
sufiTering. 

Mr. Bayly was only in his forty-second year. 
He was bom to eood expectations ; he married 
a beautiful and accomplished woman, who 
brought him a considerable fortune; and, mix- 
ing in the best society of the dav, he began the 
world under the most favourable auspices. It 
is understood, however, that his expectations 
were not realized ; and that, in consequence, his 
pecuniary afiairs became embarrassed, and he 
could not fall back into a sufiiciently economical 
course till the pressure of circumstances had 
inapoverished him beyond a remedy. 

The immediate cause of Mr. Bayly's decease 
appears to have been a violent bilious attack, 
which reduced him to a mere shadow, and, re- 
sisting all medical efibrts, at length terminated 
his existence. He has left a widow and two 
children. 

MB. BATTIER. 

The fate and circumstances of Mr. Battier, for- 
merly of the 10th Hussars, whose differences 
with his brother officers some years ago attracted 
much pubUc attention, seem to have borne a 
resemblance to those of Mr. Bayly, mentioned 
above. After leaving his regiment he retired to 
the Continent. With some taste, but apparently 
little genius, or talent of high order, he devoted 
himself to literary pursuits, with, it is believed, 
very sUght success. He died at Paris, on the 
21st of April, leaving a large family, we fear, 
unprovided for. 

THE EARL OF ESSEX. 

Thk Bight Honourable George Capel Co- 
ningsby, fifth Earl of Essex, Viscount Maiden, j 



Baron Capel of Hadham, Recorder and Hig^ 
Steward of Leominster, D. C. L., F. S. A., &c., 
expired at his residence, in Belgrave Square, on 
the 2dd of April. His Lordship was bom on 
the Idth of November, 17^7; married June 6, 
1786, Sarah, daughter of Henry Bazett, of St. 
Helena, Esq., and widow of Edward Stephen- 
son, Esq. ; succeeded his father in the nunily 
honours on the 5th of March, 1799. 

His Lordship's ancestors were anciently of 
the manor of Capel, in the county of Suffolk. 
Sir William Capel was Lord Mayor of London 
in 1504. Sir Giles, his son, was knighted by 
Henry VIH. for his valour at the rattles of 
Terouenne and Toumay. Sir Giles's great 
grandson, Arthur, was created, by Charles I., 
Lord Capel, of Hadham, in 1641. Eminent for 
his loyalty, this nobleman was beheaded by the 
rebels in 1649. His son, Arthur, was, soon 
after the restoration, created Earl of Essex, in 
1677, he was recalled from the Lord Lieuten- 
ancy of Ireland. Espousing the popular party, 
in the ensuing parUamenta^ struggles, he was 
committed to the Tower on a charge of high 
treason, with Lord Bussell ; during the trial of 
whom, intelligence was received in court that 
Lord Essex had been found with his throat cut, 
a catastrophe the origin of which was never 
traced. 

For many years, the late Earl and his Coun- 
tess — ^firom incompatibility of temper, as was 
said — ^Uved apart. Of that lady, who died not 
long since, there is a portrait, by an artist of the 
name of HeaJy, in this year's exhibition of the 
Royal Academy. Her ladyship, long celebrated 
for her card-parties, &c., was one of the earliest 
and warmest patronesses of the Beulah Spa. 
Shortfy afi:er her death, the Earl of Essex mar- 
ried Miss Stephens, the celebrated vocatist, on 
whom he settled a jointure of 3000/. per annum. 
With the exception of the Countess's jointure, 
the whole of the Earl's property devolved on the 
heir at law, his nephew, Arthur Algernon Capel, 
now Earl of Essex. His Lordship, bom in 1803, 
married, in 1825, the Lady Caroline JeanUetta, 
daughter of WilUam Beauclerk, eighth Duke of 
St. Albans. 

The remains of the late Earl were interred at 
Walford, in Essex, on the dOth of April. The 
funeral was very private, with Httle pomp or 
ostentation in the ceremony. 



THE DEAN OF ELY. 

TowABDs the dose of April died the Very Rev. 
James Wood, D. D., Master of St. John's Col- 
lege, Cambridge; Dean of Ely; Rector of 
Freshwater, in the Isle of Wight ; F. R. S., &c. 
Dr. Wood was a native of Lancashire. In 
1782, he gained the first of Smith's mathema- 
tical prizes, was Senior Wrangler of the year, 
and proceeded to his B. A. degree. He took 
his M. A. degree in 1 785 ; was elected Master of 
St. John's, of which he had been many years 
senior tutor and Greek lecturer, in 1815; and 



328 



SELECT NECROLOGY. 



was presented to the Deanery of Ely, on the ( 
death of Dr. Pearce, in 1820. 

Besides papers in the Philosophical Transac- 
lions, in the Memoirs of the Manchester Society, 
&c., Dr, Wood wrote, " The Elements of Alge- 
bra," 8vo., in 1796 ; " The Principles of Me- 
chanics," 8to., in the same year; and "The 
Elements of Optics," 8yo., 1799. 

FSBNAHDO PAE&. 

Ths following particulars relating to this dis- 
tinguished composer, who died at Paris on the 
dd of May, are abstracted from a more detailed 
account in one of the French papers — 

" Fernando Paer was bom in rarma, in 1 771 • 
His first opera was produced at Venice, when 
he was a mere bov. He afterwards went from 
Padua to Milan, nrom Florence to Naples, from 
Rome to Bolo^a, writing operas for each of 
these cities. He subsequently visited Vienna, 
where he composed several works, till he was 
invited to Dresden by the Elector of Saxony, 
and appointed chapel-master. Buonaparte found 
Paer at Dresden, and took him to France. He 
was at one time the director of the Italian Opera, 
and director of the private concerts of the Em- 
peror, and singing-master to Maria Louisa. 
Under the Restoration he was equally favoured 
by Louis XVIII. and Charles X. The Institute 
admitted him into its ranks. Under Louis Phi- 
lippe he was director of concerts and professor 
01 the Conservatoire. His great works were the 
operas of Griselda, Camilla, and Jgnese. The 
latter was rendered popular by the acting of 
Ambrogetti, and pnieL one'of TambuiL's 
best parts. For the French stage Paer wrote 
the Maitre de Chapelk, and also Un Caprice de 
Femme, in July, 1834. For the last two years 
he could not walk, but was carried by his ser- 
vants to the theatre. He was present at the 
first night of Auber's Lac des Fees, He was 
buried on the 6th of May, a solemn service hav- 
ing been performed at the churdi of St. Roche, 
Rue St. Honore, Paris. Paer was on intimate 
terms with Cherubini, who attended him in his 
last uKmients. 

" Paer was one of the most learned and fertile 
maeitri of the ereat Italian school. He studied 
first at an ecdesiastical seminary, and thence 
went to the Pieta Conservatorio, wh^re his mas- 
ter was Ghiretti, a Neapolitan professor. At 
the age of fourteen he gave at Venice his first 
opera, Circe. He immediately attracted orders 
from the managers of the Theatres of Padua, 
Milan, Florence, Rome, and Naples. His cele- 
brity fixed the attention of his godfather, the 
Grand Duke of Parma, who pensioned him, and 
permitted him to go to Vienna, where he pro- 
duced several works of great merit. In 1801 he 
succeeded Nauman at Dresden. It was there 
that, in the campaign of 1806, he was found by 
Napoleon, who, after the battle of Jena, sum- 
moned him and his wife, a popular cancaf rice, to 
Berlin* They followed the Imperial head quar- 
ters to Posen and Warsaw, where they gave 
brilliant concerts. 



" After the treaty of Tilsit, Paer was attached 
to the music department of the Imperial Court. 
In 1812, he succeeded Spontini as director of 
the Italian Theatre of Paris. These places se- 
cured him an income of above 60,000 iranc%, 
besides the advantages of a high station at Court. 
On Napoleon's fall he was, first, director of the 
Italian Opera, then Rossini's colleague in the 
superintendence of the singing department; he 
was next professor of composition at the Con- 
servatoire. In 1814 he was appointed director 
of the concerts of Louis XVIIL, composer and 
accompanier of the music of the King's cham- 
ber, and, in 1821, director of the DucheM de 
Berry's private music. After the revolution of 
1830, Paer's fortunes considerably declined, aU 
that remained of his grandeur being the ill-paid 
office of director of the music of Louis Philippe. 
The only solace he had was his election in 1»31, 
as member of the Royal Institute, instead of 
Catel. 

" Paer composed a large number of works 
performed with success in France, Italy, and 
Germany. Those played at Paris have been II 
Principe di Tarente, La Camilla^ La Griselda^ 
and 1 Fuorusciti di Firenza. He composed for 
the Italian theatre of that capital his celebrated 
Agnese, and, on the occasion of the Duke de 
Berry^s marriage. La Primavera Felice, He 
had given at the theatre of Napoleon's Court 
Numa Pompilius and I Baecantt, In 1814 he 
was one of the composers who, with Mehul, 
Berton, and Kreutzer, produced V Orifiamme, 
an opera performed at the Grand Opera, and in 
which the great monarchical recollections were 
invoked in support of the tottering empire; for 
the Opera Comique two or three original pieces, 
such as the Maitre de Chapelle, and Un Caprice 
de Femme. He was among the few composers 
who are equally successful in serious and comic 
music. His music is distinguished by a lively 
and often deep expression, and e^ially by 
touching feeling and great knowledge of dra- 
matic effect. 

" Paer had the qualities of an artiste, but 
more particularly of an Italian artiste ; he was 
an amiable and Uvely man, and, above all, a man 
of the world. He had largely enjoyed life, for 
he was a man of pleasure. The consequoiee 
was that he was assailed with abundant infirmi- 
ties, bowed down by sciatica, and weakened by 
cough. 

" All the most eminent musical artistes in 
Paris assembled at the Church of St. Roche to 
pay a parting tribute to the memory of the com- 
poser of L* Jgnese and La Griselda. During 
mass various pieces were performed, including a 
funeral march of Beethoven, a prayer from Pa^s 
Canulli, and an Agttm Dei, of Panseron, exe- 
cuted by fifty choristers and fifty instrumental 
performers. Amonff the mourners were Spon- 
tini, Meyerbeer, Auber, Cherubini, Carafa, ofs- 
ton, Halevy, Berlioz, Baillot, Aleicander Boucher, 
and a large number of members of the four aca- 
demies, artists, and literati. The remains of 
Paer were interred at Pere-k-Chaise." 



SELECT NECROLOGY. 



329 



ROBERT MILLHOUSB. 

RoBBKT MiLLHOUSE, the ofifspring of poor 
parents, was bom on the 17th of October, 1788 
— ^probably at, or in the vicinity of, Nottingham. 
He was put to work when only six years old, 
and at the age of ten he was employed in a 
stocking loom. The only education he received 
— a glance at reading, writine, and arithmetic — 
was at a Sunday school. However, he became 
an ardent reader, and an equally devoted stu- 
dent of nature. At the age of twenty-two he 
enlisted in the Nottinghamshire militia. While 
serving with that regiment, at Pl3nnouth, he 
made his first essay in poetry, under the title of 
*' Stanzas addressed to a Swallow." This, and 
several other pieces that followed, were pub* 
lished in a Nottingham newspaper. In 1814, 
the Nottinghamshire militia was disbanded, and 
Millhouse returned to the loom. There, andidst 
the noise and toil of his business, he composed 
** Vicissitude," and several other poems. This 
was foHowed by a small volume of sonnets, en- 
titled ** Blossoms ;" next, by the ** Song of the 
Patriot :" and then by " Sherwood Forest." 

In 1832, Mr. Millhouse gave up the labour of 
the loom, and devoted himself to'literaiy com- 
position. Soon afterwards his wife died, leaving 
five children ; for whom, through the kindness 
of Mr. Thomas Wakefield and others, with as- 
sistance firom the Literary Fund, he was enabled 
to provide. Subsequently to that period, he 
published his last poem, '' The Destinies of 
Man," a work that will ensure him celebrity. 
About eighteen or nineteen months ago, he was 
attacked with severe illness, but partially reco- 
vered. On the day of the coronation, however, 
he took cold, and never afterwards quitted ^e 
house. During his long affliction, he was kindly 
and gratuitously attended by Dr. Howitt. He 
was for 8(»ne time assistant at the Nottingham 
Savings' Bank, and, throughout his illness, a 
considerable portion of his pay was continued 
to him. 

Mr. Millhouse died on the 20th of April. 
Having married a secdnd time, he had two more 
children, and has thus left seven in all. 

HBNRT HARRIS, BSQ. 

It is stated, upon the authority of a correspond- 
ent of one of the morning papers, that Mr. 
Harris, the proprietor of /-12ths of Covent- 
(}arden Theatre, died at Brighton on the 12th 
of May, in the 57th year of his age. His father, 
the late Thomas Harris, Esq., in consequence of 
age and illness, reUnquished the management of 
Covent-Garden to him in September, 1809. In 
March, 1822, he assigned over his interest to 
Messrs. Forbes, Willet, and Kemble. During 
the twelve years Henry Harris conducted the 
theatre, his success exceeded even that of " the 
golden days of Garrick," for the receipts during 
that period actually amounted to nearly one 
million sterling, thus averaging above eighty 
thousand pounds each season. Mr. Harris's fine 
temper and urbane manners, made him beloved 
by ul around him, particularly the performers. 



who, during the most critical period of his the- 
atrical life, viz., the O. P. riot, all rallied round 
him, and, after three months' conflict, his pa- 
tience, firmness, and hospitality procured him 
an honourable and amicable adjustment of bos-- 
tihties. 

THB EARL OF FOWIS. 

The Bight Honourable Edward Clive, Earl of 
Powis, Viscount Chve, Baron CHve, Powis, and 
Herbert of Cherbury, in the British Peerage, 
and Baron Chve, of Passy, in that of Ireland ; 
a Privy Councillor ; Lord Lieutenant of Shrop- 
shire; Recorder of Shrewsbury and Ludlow; 
D.C.L. and F.H.S» — ^was bom on the 7th of 
March, 1754. He succeeded to the Irish peer- 
age on the 23rd of November, 1774, and his 
English honours were conferred on him in 1794 
and 1804. He was married on the 7th of March, 

1784, to the Lady Henrietta Antonia Herbert, 
fourth but only surviving daughter of Henry 
Arthur, first Eiu*l of Powis, and sister and heir- 
ess of George Edward Henry Arthur, second 
Earl, on whose death, in 1801, the title became 
extinct. By this lady, bom 1758, and died 1830, 
his Lordship had four children : — 

Viscount CHve, M.P. (now Earl of Powis), 
Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire, bom 

1785, and married 1818, to the Lady Liicy Gra- 
ham, third daughter of the late, and sister of the 
present, Duke of Montrose ; and the eldest son 
of this marriage is Edward James, now Viscount 
CUve, bom 5th November, 1818; — ^The Lady- 
Henrietta Antonia, the deceased wife of Sur 
Watkyn WilUams Wynn, Bart., M.P. ;— The 
Lady Charlotte Florentia, married to his Grace 
the present Duke of Northumberland, K.G. ; 
— and The Hon. Robert Henry CUve, M.P., 
married to the Lady Harriet Windsor, third 
daughter of Other, third Earl of Plymouth, and 
one of the Bedchamber Women to her Majesty. 

The late Earl of Powis was a son of the cele- 
brated Lord Chve, who, from a writer in the 
East India Company's service, rose to be one of 
the most celebrated officers of the age, and 
gained for the Company the revenue of the pro- 
vinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Onxa, and a splen- 
did fortune for himself. Whilst only an Irish 
Peer, the late Earl sat in Parliament for the 
borough of Ludlow, in Shropshire. In 1794, 
he was advanced to an EngUsh peerage, as Baron 
CUve, of Walcot, in the county of Salop ; and, 
in 1802, he was appointed Governor of Madras, 
whither he repaired, but returned to England in 
1804. For his conduct as governor he received 
the thanks of both houses of Parliament. The 
same year he was created Earl of Powis and 
Viscoimt CUve. In 1805 he was nominated 
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ; but, in consequence 
of the death of Mr. Pitt, the appointment was 
not carried into efiect. 

His Lordship expired very suddenly, at his 
residence in Berkeley Square, on the morning 
of May 16. On the evening before, he was at 
Gunter's, in Berkeley Square, in his accustomed 
exceUent health and spirits. 

2l 



THE THEATRES, CONCERTS, &c. 



There is very little to report this month in the 
theatrical world. Poor old Dniry, as we intimdted 
in our last, is quite knocked up. After its dese- 
cration as a den of wild beasts, it became little 
better than a Bartlemy Fair music booth, and the 
last we heard of it was its appropriation for one 
of those demoralising and disgusting exhibitions, 
ycleped a masquerade. It is reported that Mr. 
James Wallack will be the lessee next season. 

Respecting Covent Garden, and its present mana- 
ger, Mr. Macready, there are numerous rumours 
afloat. That in the first instance, Macready will, 
after the close of the Covent Garden season, go to 
the Haymarket, there is, we believe, no doubt. 
His engagement there is said to be at a hundred 
pounds a week, to play four nights in the week. 
Then, it is said, Mr. Macready has become, or is 
to become, the lessee of the New Court Theatre, 
formerly the Queen's Bazaar, on the north side of 
Oxford Street, for which a license was some time 
since obtained. According to some authorities, 
Balfe and Rophino Lacy are to succeed to the ab- 
dicated managerial throne at Covent Garden ; others 
say Bartley and Lacy are to be the fortunate men ; 
whilst a more recent report is that Mr. Charles Ma- 
thews has taken the concern. If so, it will not be to 
the abandonment, we presume, of the Olympic. Mr. 
M., however, will find that there is a vast difference 
between the two houses, in more respects than one. 

Mr. George Wild, said to be an actor of consi- 
derable comic powers, has got the Queen's Theatre 
in Tottenham Court Road. . A young lady, Miss 
Vyvian, has made a successful dibUt here in one of 
Madame Vestris's characters, Caroline Grantley, in 
the Beulah Spa, 

At the Haymarket, Webster is running a career 
of success with Power, Cooper, W. Lacy, Strick- 
land, Hemming, Perkins, Mrs. W. Clifford, the 
Misses Taylor and Mordaunt, &c. 

By the by we forgot to mention that a new piece, 
called Agnes Bemanery from the pen of Mr. Serle, 
has been produced at Covent Garden with consider- 
able effect. Also a new opera, entitled Henrique, 
or Love* 8 Pilgrim, composed by Rooke. The latter, 
after a few nights of not very attractive perform- 
ance, has been withdrawn by the composer till the 
commencement of next season. 

Amongst other pleasant and successful novelties 
at the Olympic, may be mentioned a burletta, enti- 
tled. Meet me by Moonlight, 

The ladies and gentlemen of the canine and simian 
species having, we believe, terminated their engage- 
mei)]t at the St. James's Theatre, their places have 
been supplied by half-a-dozen Spanish dancers, 



who give the Bolero, and other dances of their 
country, in very spirited style. 

Since the above was written, we find that a troop 
of French actors, under the management of M. 
Cloup, has succeeded to the occupation of the 
Queen's Theatre. 

Yates having terminated his engagement at the 
Surrey Theatre, Davidge, the manager, is treating 
his friends with a succession of operas, in which 
Balfe, Templeton, Miss Romer, &c., perform ; and 
it is said that Braham will also appear. 

Hammond, at the Strand Theatre, seems equally 
operatically disposed. He has brought out what he 
calls a burletta, founded upon Auber'snew Parisian 
opera, Le Lac des Fees, Instead of the original 
music, however, he has levied contributions on 
Auber, Herold, Boildieu, and Marschner. Another 
new piece here, entitled Lodgings to Let, with an 
Irish Jig, danced by Miss Daly, has been receired 
with unqualified applause. 

Her Majesty's Theatre has been distinguished by 
the eminently gratifying d^ut of Mademoiselle 
Garcia, sister of the lamented Malibran, as Desde- 
mona, in Otello, Her voice is of immense compass, 
the upper and lower notes natural and easy, with 
great sweetness, clearness, and flexibility. Her 
style is perfectly formed ; her conception of charac- 
ter is very correct ; and her histrionic skill is full 
of promise. Another very gratifying d^but was 
that of Emesta Grisi, sister of the Grisi, in the 
character of Smeaton, in Donizetti's opera of A$ma 
Bolena, Her voice is a flexible and well cultivated 
contr'alto of considerable power ; her person and 
acting greatly in her favour. 

Mori and others have been very successful with 
their annual concerts. 

We are happy in the opportunity of remarking 
the eminent success of Mr. Phillips, in his lectures 
at the Russell and Polytechnic Institutions* At 
the former we were much pleased, and not less in- 
structed by his review of Mr. Hickson's plan and 
principles for extending vocal music as a branch of 
education. His proposed additions with the view 
of rendering that plan more extensive and efficient, 
were full of scientific beauty and interest. At the 
Polytechnic Mr. Phillips has been called i^on to 
repeat the three closing lectures of his last course : 
On Improved Psalmody and H3n3Qnology ; On the 
Works of iiandel, and our Claim to them Consi- 
dered as English compositions ; and (for the 3d of 
June) on Dramatic Compositions and Effects. 
Aided by his former pupils, the Misses Brandon, 
the evening's arrangements are delightfal* 



FINE ARTS' EXHIBITIONS. 



ROYAL ACADEMY. 



We are gratified in perceiving that the exhibition 
of the present season is rather above than below 
par. It is true, there are few pictures, if any, of 
commanding or absorbing interest ; but, exclu- 
sively of such, there are many which cannot fail to 
afford gratification. Poetry and even history have 
their aspirants ; but, anfortunately, their claims 
are not of a very elevated order. The devotees of 
portrait, landscape, domestic scenes, conversation 
pieces, &c. are more successfiil; and, especially, 



we are glad to observe much young and rising 
talent. 

Sir M. A. Shee, the President, exhibits some of 
the finest portraits this year that he ever painted. 
We do not think a better portrait — one more 
soundly, vigorously, finely pidnted — ever came 
from his easel than of the Earl of Aberdeen (60). 
Very good, too, is SirC. B. Codrington, Bart. (76). 
Sir R. H. Inglis, Bart. (346) is admirable, botii in 
resemblance -and style. 



FINE Arts* exhibitions. 



331 



PhiUips is all himself — ^his best self — ^this season. 
His posthumous portrait of the late Lord Egre- 
mout (98) is very faithfuli as we saw his Lordship 
between four and five years ago, at Petworth. 
Flora Mac lYor (169) may be true as a portrait, 
but it does not present the character of Flora. 
Critically speaking, there is not a finer painting in 
the exhibition than his portrait of the Rev. George 
Shepherd, D.D. (337) commissioned by the Hon. 
Society of Gray's Inn. Francis Bailey, Esq. (345) 
is also in Phillips's best style. 

In his portrait of the Hon. Mount Stuart El- 
phinstone, (164) Pickersgill has proudly shewn 
what the hand of a master can effect with a difficult 
subject. The composition of this artist's paint- 
ings invariably evince great skill, a profound know- 
ledge of his art, and the most vigorous power in 
embodying his conceptions. Lord Lyndhurst (2 1 8) 
is a. noble effort. -We have already mentioned 
^page 246) his portrait of Miss Pardee (301) as the 
finest picture of its class that he ever painted. His 
portrait of John Masterman» Esq. (402) for the 
City Club House, is distinguished by its simplicity, 
firmness, sobriety of tone, and general force of 
effect. Of his T. Bucknall Estcourt, Esq. M.P. 
(420) painted for Corpus Christi College, we can 
only. repeat what we have said of Phillips's portrait 
of the Rev. Dr. Shepherd — ** there is not a finer 
painting in the exhibition." 

One of the sweetest portraits on the walls is that 
of Lady Mordaunt, (5) by Mrs. W. Carpenter. It 
is slight, and simple, yet graceful, beautifully clear, 
and well defined. 

We are far less pleased than we expected to be 
with Sir David Wilkie's large picture of Sir David 
Baird discovering the body of Tippoo Saib at the 
capture of Seringapatam (65). The tall figure and 
awkward attitude of Sir D. Baird offend the eye ; 
and the entire composition and grouping of the 
subject are unworthy of the celebrity of the artist. 

Turner, in his very peculiar and peculiarly ob- 
jectionable style, is more than usually successful. 
His yellows are turning to reds : what they may 
turn to next. Heaven and Mr. Turner only know 1 
His most striking picture is the Fighting Teme- 
raire, tugged to her last berth to be broken up (43.) 
The splendour of the sunset on the Thames, to the 
right, is overpowering ; while, to the left, the moon 
is seen in cahn and cold majesty. His other sub- 
jects are: — Ancient and Modern Rome (60 and 
70) ; Cicero at his Villa (463) ; and Pluto carrying 
off Proserpine (360) As a landscape, and allow- 
ing for the artist's peculiarities of colour, &c., 
the last-mentioned of these is an attractive picture. 

It is remarkable that Etty's chef d^ceuvre this 
year is from the same subject — Pluto carrying off 
Proserpine (241.) This is a performance of inost 
splendid and powerful genius. The chariot of gold 
and bronze — the steeds of fire and might — the mus- 
cular vigour of the gloomy god himself — the beauty 
and voluptuousness of the women— of the water- 
nymph in particular — are magnificent to an extent 
that is not conceivable without ocular demon- 
stration. Into the *' nudity question," as it has 
been termed, we of course do not enter. 

Another coincidence in choice of subject presents 
itself in the Broken Heart, (20) by Knight, and 
the Pride of the Village, (58) by a young artist of 
the name of Horsley. " A tear trembled in her 
soft bine eye. Was she thinking of her faithless 
lovar ? or were her thoughts wandering to that dis- 
tant churchyard into whose bosom she might soon 



be gathered ?" — Sketch Book. The former picture 
— the more artistical and more pretending of the 
two — is extremely painful, and even offensive in its 
effect. The poor girl seems not only dying, but 
almost in a state of incipient decomposition. The 
other, smaller, and with fewer figures — only those 
of the gentle victim and her anxiously grieving 
parents — evinces the very soul of pathos. The 
hectic on the cheek — the preternatural brilliancy of 
the eye — telling too truly and fatally of the worm 
within; and then the venerable father, with the 
Bible on his knee, yet with his anxious eye fixed 
upon his dying daughter — and the fond despairing 
mother, attending the lovely sufferer with all a 
mother's love and care — the tout ensemble cbnsti> 
tuting a scene of the most touching tenderness and 
grief. We could hardly tear ourselves from this 
heart-rending yet lovely picture. 

Hart's large picture of the Execution of Lady 
Jane Grey (389) is far from satisfactory ; and his 
smaller one of Edward and Eleanor (187) is badly 
composed, Ul-painted, and offensive in subject. 
There is some pathos in the expression of Lady 
Jane's face, but the pathos is over-wrought and ar- 
tificial. The figures of the women are too tall. 
The composition of this piece is deficient in pic> 
torial harmony and effect, and the colouring in 
mellowness. The lower group (which might have 
been spared altogether) impairs, and almost des- 
troys the effect of the upper one. 

Mulready has only two little cabinet pictures this 
year : the Sonnet, (129) and '* Open your mouth 
and shut your eyes" (143). The former is a little 
sun-lighted gem of the first water. Would that 
Mulready could afford to paint and exhibit more 
than he does. 

Uwins is, as he always is, delightful. First, we 
have a pair of sweet cabinet pictures, a Wedding of 
Contadini, and a newly-made Nun taking leave of 
her Family (83 and 84) ; then, fresh and rosy as 
the morning. Young Neapolitans returning from 
the Festa of St. Antonia (119) ; Gathering Oranges 
(166) ; Neapolitans dancing the Tarrentella (180) ; 
Amalfi, kingdom of Naples (395) ; Le Chapeau de 
Brigand (469) ; and, the most brilliant gem of all, 
the Bay of Naples, Peasants going to the Villa Reale 
on the morning of the Festa of Piedi Grotta (210). 
Were we purchasers, the two last-named paintings 
we should especially covet. *' A child left in 
the artist's study was found on his return robbing 
the lay figure of certain portions of Italian costume, 
and decorating herself with the spoils." This is 
the foundation of Le Chapeau de Brigand. The 
little innocent half-unconscioiis plunderer is a most 
lovely girl of about eight or ten years old. With 
the brigand's hat upon her head, a peacock's feather, 
a rosary, and various other finery, she is looking 
forth from a window. The effect is at once ludi- 
crous, beautifal, and fascinating. — The Bay of 
Naples, a long picture, scarcely too large for the 
frieze of a mantel- piece, is a ch^d^ceuvre of quite 
another description. To the left is seen Vesuvius 
— ^in the centre, the Bay — and in the foreground, 
the procession of peasants. All nature, animate 
and inanimate, is beautiful beneath the warm rich 
glow of sunlight in which the scene is enwrapped. 
** Glorious and gorgeous Italy," the spectator is 
ready to exclaim, ** who would not wish to dwell for 
ever beneath thy bright, thy joy-inspiring skies 1'' 

The vulgarity of the aucUence, seen to the left of 
the picture, in Landseer's Van Amburg and his Ani- 
mals, (351) is quite worthy of the vulgarity of the 



\ 



»n 



FINE ARTS' EXHIBmONS. 



fubject. Indeed, the whole affair, if upon a larger 
tcale, would have formed a capital ghow-board — 
like the paintings they have at Bartholomew Fair — 
when that gt&A supporter of the '* legitimate 
drama,*' Manager Bunn, degraded Drury Lane 
Theatre into a den of wild beasts. It grieves us to 
the very soul to see Landseer, the prince of animal 
painters, mixed up with such a concern. The 
towering majesty, the quiet repose of the lion, to 
the right, are not unworthy of the artist ; neither 
18 the head of the lioness, with an eye blazing like 
a topaze, to the left ; but the figurejof Van Am- 
' burgh is deplorable ; and the entire painting be- 
trays glaring marks of wearisomeness and want of 
finish. From this display it is palpably evident 
that there is a world of difference between painting 
"by royal command" and painting con amore. 
Contrast the artist's Tethered Rams, (145) and his 
Corsican, Russian, and Fallow Deer, (222) where 
he was unfettered, and free to follow unvulgarised 
nature, with the picture of which we have been 
speaking, and judge whether we are not borne out 
in our opinion. 

Landseer's Princess Mary of Cambridge and a 
Newfoundland Dog, (69) and his portrait of Miss 
Eliza Peel with Fido, (235) are clever pictures, but 
they will not enhance his reputation. 

Amongst an aggregate of 1390 subjects, there 
are scores of others that we should be glad to men- 
tion, would time and space allow ; but our rapid 
sketch must hasten to its close. ' 

It not unfrequently happens, that the worst pic- 
tures in an exhibition obtain the most notice. 
Thus, whilst many admirable productions are passed 
regardlessly by, the grand stare of the mob at the 
Royal Academy this season is Maclise's acre of 
coloured canvas — a tea-tray upon a gigantic scale 
— Robin Hood (293). This is intended to repre- 
sent Robin Hood and his merry men entertaining 
Richard Coeur de Lion in Sherwood forest. The 
outlines of this production are as hard and as sharp 
as though they had been cut out of sheet iron. 
There is no mellowness, no softness, no roundess 
of contour. The perspective is bad, and the trees 
are as much caricatures as the figures. The colour- 
ing is crude, hard, and violent, with a sort of 
«plash-and-dash scattering of lights, which the vul- 
gar mistake for brilliancy. The display of plate, 
armour, and other frippery, in the foreground, 
assists this effect. To say nothing more of the 
sentiment of the picture, look at the meretricious 
leer of Maid Marian at the king. And where did 
the artist get his fiesh tints ? — and where his eyes ? 
Did he ever find any such in nature? There is 
nothing sound, nothing solid, nothing true — there 
is not an atom of truth or nature in the entire pic- 
ture. And yet, as we have said, it is the grand 
gaze of the mob ! 

Another production, by the same artist, is a 
scene from Midas — Sileno introducing Apollo, dis- 
guised as a shepherd, to his wife and daughters (6). 
With most of the faults of his Robin Hood, this 
has considerable merit of design ; but the head of 
Apollo is poor and mean ; and the whole is deficient 
In elevation and refinement of thought. And, if 
the air of Maid Marian, in Robin, be meretricious, 
what are the person and looks of one of the girls in 
this picture? Talk of ** the nudity question," 
indeed! The colouring is all crude, cold, and 
chalky. 

Excepting his meritorious portrait of an old lady 
(32^), MacUse's least objectionable picture is the 



Second Adventaro of Gil Bias (134). Btoi tBi«, 
however, is marked by the artist's mannerism ; be- 
sides which, the character of Gil Bias is not justly 
conceived. 

Treading in the footsteps of his fiitber, (tie younginr 
Pickersgill has a very clever picture, entitled, Pre- 
paring for Hawking — a lady mounting her palfrey, 
attended by her foUower and page (554). It is weQ. 
conceived, well composed, and weU painted. The 
artist has been particulariy successfdl in the nm- 
bumt countenance of the felconer. 

Close to this picture is a tiny landscape of Hof- 
land's — Hampton, Middlesex (555). Bright and 
clear, even to transparency, it is a most sweet little 
thing. 

EUerby, Jackson's most successful pupil, has 
only one painting this year — ^a Portrait of Charles 
Robinson, Esq. (334). Having met the original, 
we can pronounce it a most faithful resemblance : 
it is also an admirably painted picture. We wisb 
this artist could be induced to give us another In- 
fiint Jupiter. 

Amongst the drawings and miniatures are several 
of great merit by Mrs. Arundale ; particularly th* 
Portrait of Mr. Owen Jones (603), an oriental sub- 
ject. There is more of breadth and power in this 
drawing than in many oil paintings of ten times its 
extent. 

Mr. Arundale, one of our distinguished oriental 
travellers, has several very interesting drawings — 
the Excavation and Discovery of the Casing Stones 
of the Great Pyramid, at Gizeh (801) ; View of the 
Convent of St. Catherine, Mount Sinai (841) ; View 
of the Ducal Pakce, Venice (1225), &c. 

In the Sculpture apartment, Gibson, of Rome, 
has some charming productions ; so also has West- 
macott, Baily, R. J. Wyatt, Behnes, &c. 

BRITISH INSTITUTION. 

The British Gallery closed its successful exhibi- 
tion on Saturday, the 1 1th of May. The number 
of purchasers this year has been large — the number 
of visitors greater than usual — and the result alto- 
gether satisfactory. 

SOCIETY OF FAINTEBS IN WATER- COLOUBS. 

We are glad to find that this institution has also 
been eminently successful in its sale of pictures. 

Mr. Weigall, to whose versatility of talent we 
incidentally adverted last month, is remarkably 
happy in his subjects of domestic poultry, &c.y of 
which he has produced several. We esjpedally 
notice his Harm Watch, Harm Catch (9) a fox 
caught in a trap, while on the anxious look-out ^m* 
the king of the roost, who, from an elevated position 
regards him with the utmost contempt. 

J. Skinner Prout — a nephew, if we mistake not, 
of the Prout, whose works have longestablislied tkm 
fame of their author — distinguishes himself voy 
effectively in this exhibition. In several of his pro- 
ductions, he is treading closely in the steps of his 
relation ; for instance, his St. Werburgh's Shrine 
(now the Bishop's throne) Chester Catiiedral (96) ; 
Tintagel Castle, Cornwall (125) ; the North PonJi, 
Redcliffe Church, Bristol (314) &c. 

Mrs. Harrison has numerous paintings <^iiowien 
of great merit. 

Duncan has some fine coast, and beach, and sea 
scenes ; one of the most striking ot which we parti- 
cularise as Mackarel Fishing; 



LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, AND MISCELLANEOUS MEMORABILIA. 883 



their nets off the Gull Stream Light; Snnset. 
Perhaps the sunset tint may be somewhat too fiery ; 
hut the life, motion, and freshness of the water, and 
the buoyancy of the vessel, are pourtrayed with 
exodlent effect. Another very ckver picture by 
^is artist is a Ship taken aback in a Squall (269). 

With several of Alfred H. Taylor's efforts we 
have been much gratified. His Shrimp Boy (115) 
is very true to nature. So are the Ballad (164) the 
English Peasant Boy (203) and the Gipsy (286). 
With his Wanderer (54) the Saw Sharper (56) and 
the First Ijesson, Boy and Puppy (288) we are also 
much pleased. 

OUver's Cul de Sac, at Cologne, Prussia (21) 
and others, are entitled to warm praise. 



Miss L. Corbaux*8 name frequently occurs i|i 
the catalogue, and always with interest. Miss F. 
Corbaux, too, has a very cleverly-managed picture, 
Elijah restoring the Widow's Son (293). 

Amongst other meritorious productions by 6. 
O. Howse, we mention as particularly entitled to 
notice, his Church of St. Etienne des TonneUers, 
Rouen (192). 

There are many other names we could wish to 
mention ; and, in truth, we might lounge about the 
gallery for another hour or two without having 
sated, or even satisfied our appetite — ^without being 
enabled to say half that we could desire to say. 
We close, therefore, with a strong recommendation 
to visit the Pall Mall exhibition. 



LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, & MISCELLANEOUS MEMORABILIA. 



ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE. 



On the 25th of April, the anniversary meeting of 
ibis Society was held, the Earl of Bipon in the 
chair. It appeared from the report of the auditors, 
that the receipts of the past year amounted to 
809/., and the expenditure to 805/. ; that the series 
of works to be called Biographia Britannica Lite' 
rariOf are in progress ; and that an introductory 
address on Anglo-Saxon Literature and Learning, 
will shortly be published. For tljiese publicatioos 
a separate fund has been raised. Mr. Tooke was 
elected treasurer, and Sir John Doratt, librarian, 
in the room of Mr. Jacobs and the Rev. H. Clis- 
sold, resigned. — A special meeting of the Society 
was held on the 22Dd, preceding, for the purpose 
of receiving the distinguished secretaries of the 
Archaeological Institute at Rome, the Chevalier 
Bunson and Dr. Lipsius, now on a visit to this 
country ; on which occasion the Chevalier read a 
learned essay on the Authors and the Age of the 
Great Pyramid; and on Tuesday the 30th, ano- 
ther on the Antiquities of Rome recently dis- 
covered. 

THE COPYBIGHT BILL. 

On the 1st of May, Mr. Sergeant Talfourd's 
Copyright Bill passed partially through a commit- 
tee of the House of Commons, after one of the 
most obstinate and vexatious struggles to defeat it 
ever witnessed in parliament. No fewer than twen- 
ty-four divisions took place, in which a clique of 
seven, eight, or nine members, led by Mr. Warbur- 
ton, tried to throw out the measure. The political 
excitement of the times has since prevented the 
resumption of the committee on the Bill. 

LITERARY FUND. 

On the 8th of May, the fiftieth anniversary of the 
Literary Fund Society was held at the Freema- 
sons* Tavern, his Royal Highness the Duke of 
Cambrige in the chair. Among the guests were 
the Bishop of Landaff, the Mexican Minister, the 
£ail of Ripon, Lord EUenborough, the Right 
Hon. Henry Ellis, Sir C. Lemon, M.P., Sir Wil- 
liam Chatterton, Captain Wood, M.P., Mr. MilneSi 



M.P., Mr. Knight, M.P., Mr. Hope, M.P., Sir 
David Wilkie, Major Sabine, Captain Beaufort, 
Mr. Hallam, &c. The subscription on the occa- 
sion exceeded 600/. ; and among the benefactors 
announced, were Her Majesty, 100 guineas ; the 
Duke of Cambridge, 25/. ; the Duke of Rutland, 
20/.; the Earl of Ripon, 21/. ; Lord EUenborough, 
21/., annual donation ; Lord F. Egerton, 10/., an- 
nual donation ; the Bishop of Durham, 10 guineas ; 
the Earl of Eldon, 10/. ; the Marquis of Nor.- 
manby, 10/.; Mr.Wentworth Beaumont, 20 gui- 
neas, annual donation ; Mr. B. B. Cabbel, 10/. ; 
the Right Hon. H. EUis, 10/. ; Messrs. Longman 
& Co., a third donation of 50/.; Mr. Hallam, 10/.; 
Mr. Macready, 5 guineas ; Mr. B. Webster, 6 gui- 
neas ; Mr. Hill, the American actor, 5/., &c« 

.cranmer's bible. 

A copy of Cranmer's Bible, edition 1539, in 
folio, wanting the title-page and two other leaves, 
was, on the 1st of May, sold at Mr. Leigh So- 
theby's rooms for 50/. Mr. Thorpe was the pur- 
chaser. The volume concludes with the following 
colophon: — " The ende of the New Testamet, 
and of the whole Byble, ffynished in Apryll, Anno 
M.CCCCCXXXIX." 

NATIONAL GALLERY. 

The Chancellor of the Exchequer has purchased 
for the National Gallery a painting of Velasquez. 
It was exhibited last year at the British Institution; 
and represents the arena of a bull-fight. It was 
bought from Lord Cowley ; and 4,000/. is, we un- 
derstand, the sum that has been paid for it. The 
picture is of the highest class, and worthy the col- 
lection to which it is to be added. There is said to 
be a duplicate of the subject — with some slight vm* 
riations, however, — ^in the collection of Lord Ash^f 
burton. 

artists' BENEVOLENT FUND. 

The Annual Dinner of the Artists' Benevolent 
Fund took place at the Freemasons' Tavern On the 
1 1th of May. His R. H. the Duke of Clunbridge 



334 



TO SUBSCRIBERS AND CORRESPONDENTS. 



presided. The company was Tery limited ; there 
was not a single nobleman among the guests to 
support his Royal Highness ; and only two mem- 
bers of the Boyal Academy — Mr. Cooper and Mr. 
£. Landseer — were present. His Royal Highness 
expressed the warmest interest in the welfare of 
the institution. The eloquence of the evening was 
engrossed by Mr. Sergeant Talfourd. Her Majes- 
tj sent her annual donation of 100 guineas ; and 
ti^e collection, taking into account the paucity of 
the numbers assembled, was liberal. The Benevo- 
lent Fund has two worthy objects : — one is pure 
charity; the other is the inducements it holds 
out to artists in the time of their success to pro- 
vide against a period of difficulty or sickness — to 
which they are, of all men, especially liable. It 
teaches prudence — ^the most useful and necessary of 
all lessons to men of genius. No member of the 
profession ought to be absent from its list of sub- 
scribers — ^they have a sin to answer for if they are ; 
for, though they may be thoughtless for themselves, 
they cannot be so in reference to their families 
witi^out being guilty of a moral offence. 

ASSAM TEA. 

At a recent meeting of the Medico Botanical 
Society, Dr. Sigmond communicated the latest 
particulars that had been received from Assam re^ 
lative to the tea-plant. Mr. McClelland, the geo- 
logist to the exhibition, had made some important 
geolo^cal discoveries, amongst which was that of 
coal, which had been found on the course of the 
Burhampooter, the river which divides Assam into 
two parts, and which will now permit of the tea 
being transmitted with facility by steam-vessels 
to Calcutta. The mulberry-tree also grows there 
plentifiilly, and a very fine fabric of silk is pro- 
duced. In all the countries east of the river, tea 
is drunk by the rich instead of water, and by the 
- poor at their feasts, being cultivated expressly in 
gardens and plantations. It was strongly insisted 
that the old nurseries should be kept in reserve, 
and that they should not be rooted up until the 
new nurseries had been carried to some extent ; as 
in case of failure^ the difficulties that would arise 
from obtaining a fresh supply from China would 
be very great. The tea-plant has been introduced 
by the East India Company from China, at a very 
great expense, and planted upon the Himalaya moun- 
tains, where it may, perhaps, not turn out well, 
and therefore the cultivators should abstain from 
all officious interference with the plantations of na- 
ture. The last accounts give a very favourable re- 
port of the tea districts. 



QUfiBN X|:*IZABBTH S STATUS. 

A short time ago, a statue of the '* Virgin 
Queen'' was discovered in the cellar of a house 
adjoining St. Dunstan's church. It was immecKo 
ately released from its ignominious concealment, 
and has just been restored to the position it moat 
have originally occupied. It is now placed in the 
avenue of the church. The pedestal is fixed over 
the eastern side of the church ; underneath is a 
block of black stone, on which is engraved the fol- 
lowing inscription : — *^ This statue of Queen Eliza- 
beth formerly stood on the west side of Ludgate ; 
and was presented by the City to Sir Francis Gos- 
ling, knight. Alderman of the Ward, who eaused 
it to be placed here." t 

IMFBOVEMBNT IN STBAH- SHIPS. 

On Wednesday, the 1st of May, the first trial 
was made of the Archimedes steamer, propelled by 
the patent screw fixed in the dead wood of the 
vessel immediately in front of the rudder, but en- 
tirely under the water, thus doing away at once 
with those unsightly and very inconvenient excres- 
cences of paddle-wheels, boxes, and their cum- 
brous apparatus. The Archimedes went ten miles 
per hour through the water, and thirteen miles an 
hour with the tide, but againt the wind, and 
steered with the greatest exactness. She started 
again on the following Saturday afternoon, and 
went to Gravesend in one hour and forty minutes. 
Improvements are in progress by which the speed 
will, it is expected, be considerably increased. This 
new system of steam navigation, should it sustain 
the test of experience, will be particularly advan- 
tageous for vessels of war, where the whole appa- 
ratus can be applied without in the least diminish- 
ing the effect of their battery or their sailing pro- 
perties, as it does not require the vessel to be built 
expressly for the purpose. 

THB WHBEL BIFLB. 

Mr. Wilkinson, of Pall Mall, has invented, and 
obtained a patent for, a new gun. Its novelty 
consists of a wheel, containing seven complete 
charges, revolving on a centre, which, when dis- 
charged; can be replaced in an instant by other 
wheels, carried in the belt, so as to keep up a con- 
tinuous firing. As rapidly as the command, " load, 
cock, fire," can be uttered, can this rifle be dis- 
charged, several hundred times without missing 
fire, or requiring to be cleaned. 



TO SUBSCRIBERS AND CORRESPONDENTS. 



The Prtface and Indejp to Vol. I. of The Aldine 
Magazine will be given with the commencing 
Part (VII.) of Vol. II., to appear on the 1st of 
July. 

Critical Notices of '* Notes on Naples,'' " Ar- 
ffentine,'' and various other works, are unavoidably 
deferred till next months May we again entreat of 
our literary and publishing friends to forward their 
respective books for review as early in the month as 
possible. Several delays have occurred, through 
the inadvertence of works having been sent, for the 
editor, to the Aldine Chambers instead of to the 
Printer^s* No. 33, Aldersgate Street. 



The poem of *' Lochkven Castle,'* by Miss 
Pardoe, reached us, unfortunately, too late for its 
appearance in the present Part. It shall not fail to 
grace the opening portion of our new volume. 

We are much obliged by the communication of 
the stanzas, '* Marie Antoinette, in the Prison of 
the Temple," from our Paris correspondent, Mdllr. 
St. Am and, at Paris. They shall appear next 
month ; and, if practicable, we shall be most happy 
to meet the wishes of the fair author. 

When we, last month, intimated to '^ £. B. P.,*' 
the champion of Dr. Gregory, the author of the 
*' Legacy to his Daughters," that we should reply 



MONTHLY LIST OP BOOKS PUBLISHED. 



S35 



to his oommunication, it was our fall intention to 
enter into an examination of that little work. On 
turning to its pages, however, we find it so utterly 
unworthy, that we decline the labour. Without for 
a moment impugning the moral goodness of Dr. 
Gregory's character, which we believe to have been 
unexceptionable, or the purity and excellence of his 
intentions, we find abundant cause for adhering to 
our original opinion, that his '* Legacy'* is, in its 
tendency, " an abominably mischievous book." 
Unless we have been incorrectly informed, the ex- 
ample of his daughters gave proof of this, for they 
have been described to us as old maids of the most 
disagreeable character imaginable. We consider 
Dr. Gregory's book to be full of erroneous and un- 
just feelings towards human nature — as calculated 



to rob the fine natural character of our women of 
its noble frankness, its honest, ingenuous, and 
confiding truth — and to substitute, for these price- 
less virtues, suspicion, cold-hearted duplicity, and 
rank hypocrisy* Woman, formed upon Dr. Gre- 
gory's principle, must be without sentiment, feel- 
ing, or passion — a quiet, passive, fawning, and de- 
ceitful animal. — ^We are disposed to think, that if 
*• E. B. P." will take the trouble of referring to 
Dr. Gregory's book, and will then exercise his own 
judgment, instead of pinning his faith upon the 
sleeve of Aikin or of Beattie, there will not be much 
difference between his opinion and ours on the 
subject. 

Mr. Hills will find a reply to his note at page 
283. 



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