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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


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THE 


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OF 


ALLERDALE  WARD, 

ABOVE    DERWENT, 

IN  THE  COUNTY  OF  CUMBERLAND: 

WITH 

13tograpf)ical    jlotirre    antt  ittrmotre. 

By 

SAMUEL  JEFFERSON, 

AUTHOR  OF  "THB  HISTORY   AND   ANTIQUITIES  OF   LEATU    WARD,"    "THE 
HISTORY  OF  CARLISLE,"  &C. 


Illustratetr  tnttQ  numerous  opiates  ants  iBiisiabings. 


CARLISLE: 
S.  JEFFERSON,  34,  SCOTCH-STREET. 

LONDON:  J.  B.  NICHOLS  AND  SON, 25,  PARLIAMENT-STREET, 

AND  WUlTTAKEn  AND  CO.,  13,  AVE-MARI A-LANE. 

NEWCASTLE:  E.  CHARNLEY. 

M  DCCC  XLII. 


TO  THE  RIGHT  HONORABLE 

^tllilliam,  laaii  of  ILon&tralf,  ii.<G.,  ^>^'^'f 

VISCOUNT  AND  BARON  LOWTHER,  OF  WHITEHAVEN, 

AND  A  BARONET, 

LORD  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  COUNTIES  OF  CUMBERLAND  AND 

WESTMORLAND, 

S:c.,  &c.,  tic. 

THIS  VOLUME, 

BY  HIS  LORDSHIP'S  GRACIOUS  PERMISSION, 

IS  MOST  RESPECTFULLY  DEDICATED 

BY  HIS  LORDSHIP'S  VERY  OBEDIENT  AND  HUMBLE  SERVANT, 

S.  JEFFERSON. 


PREFACE. 

In  presenting  to  the  Public  the  second  Volume 
of  this  History  of  Cumberland,  I  can  refer  with 
some  degree  of  pleasure  to  the  additional  in- 
formation it  contains,  now  first  published,  respect- 
ing the  Ward  of  Allerdale  above  Derwent.  At  the 
same  time,  I  cannot  but  express  my  regret  that, 
from  the  circumstance  of  that  Ward  being  in  the 
diocese  of  Chester,  there  are  few  MSS.  in  the  library 
of  theDiiAN  AND  Chapter  of  Carlisle,  which  con- 
tain any  thing  illustrative  of  the  civil  or  ecclesiasti- 
cal history  of  that  portion  of  the  county.  In  reply 
to  my  application  to  ascertain  if  there  were  any 
MSS.  preserved  at  Chester,  I  was  informed  that 
there  are  none  in  the  Chapter  library  there, 
which  relate  to  this  portion  of  the  diocese. 

Allerdale  Ward  above  Derwent  being  the  only 
division  of  this  county  which  is  not  in  the  diocese 
of  Carlisle,*  no  such  difficulty  will  occur  in  col- 
lecting materials  for  the  future  volumes.  The 
library  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Carlisle 
is  rich  in  MSS.f  relating  to  the  other  portions  of 
the  county  :  and  from  them  a  mass  of  original 
and  highly  interesting  information  may  be  col- 
lected. 

The  account  of  this  Ward  in  Nicolson  and 
Burn's  History  of  Cumberland  and  Westmorland 

•  Excepting  one  or  two  parishes  and  chapelries  in  Derwent  Ward, 
t  See  Catalogue  of  the  MSS.,  Leath  Ward,  p.  vi. 


VI  PREFACE. 

is  exceedingly  meagre  and  brief,  (even  more  so 
than  that  of  the  other  parts  of  the  county,)  some 
of  the  parishes  not  occupying  a  page.  The 
second  volume  containing  Cumberland,  is  much 
inferior  to  the  first  (Westmorland),  which  is 
usually  attributed  to  Dr.  Burn,  the  learned  chan- 
cellor of  the  diocese. 

In  the  year  1840,  a  new  division  of  the  county 
was  made  by  the  magistrates,  which,  after  recon- 
sideration, and  with  a  few  unimportant  changes, 
was  enrolled  and  settled  in  June,  1841. — This 
History  of  Cumberland  is,  therefore,  the  only 
one  based  on  the  present  division  of  the  county 
into  six  Wards. 

To  the  churches  and  the  ecclesiastical  affairs 
I  have  paid  more  particular  attention  than  any 
of  my  predecessors  ;  but  I  have  not  succeeded 
in  obtaining  any  thing  approaching  to  a  perfect 
list  of  the  Incumbents  of  each  parish,  although 
application  was  made  to  the  register  oflSce  at 
Chester.  Many  of  the  Clergy  have  assisted  me 
in  this  and  in  other  respects ;  but  still  the  result 
is  by  no  means  satisfactory.  The  Messrs. 
LvsoNS  give  no  list  of  the  Incumbents  of  any  of 
the  parishes.  Nicolson  and  Burn's  History, 
while  it  contains  lists  for  the  other  parishes,  has 
none  for  those  in  AUerdale  W^ard  above  Derwent : 
and  that  History  of  Cumberland  which  bears  Mr. 
Hutchinson's  name,  contains  very  imperfect  lists 
for  some  parishes ;  and  for  others,  none  at  all. 
To  the  politeness  of  the  Clergy,  I  have  been 
much  indebted  in  these  researches :  and  have 
now  the  pleasure  of  expressing  my  obligations 
to  the  Rev.  Andrew  Hudleston,D.I).,  incumbent 
of  the  chapel  of  St.  Nicholas,  Whitehaven ;  the 


PREFACE.  Vll 

Rev.  Robert  Pedder  Buddicom,  M.A.,  F.A.S., 
Principal  of  St.  Bees  College,  and  incumbent 
of  the  parish  of  St.  Bees ;  the  Rev.  Thojias 
Dalton,  incumbent  of  the  chapel  of  the  Holy 
Trinity,  Whitehaven  ;  the  Rev.  George  ^Vil- 
KiNSON,  B.D.,  incumbent  of  the  parish  of 
Arlecdon ;  the  Rev.  Alexander  Scott,  JM.A., 
rector  of  Bootle  ;  the  Rev.  Henry  Low- 
ther,  M.A.,  rector  of  Distington ;  the  Rev. 
Joseph  Gilbaxks,  rector  of  Lamplugh  ;  the  Rev. 
Francis  Ford  Pinder,  ]\I.A.,  rector  of  Gosforth  ; 
the  Rev.  Peter  von  Essen,  B.A.,  rector  of  Har- 
rington ;  the  Rev.  Fletcher  Woodhouse,  rector 
of  Moresby ;  the  Rev.  Willlam  Henry  Leech, 
rector  of  Egremont ;  the  Rev.  Henry  Pickthall, 
B.A.,  vicar  of  Millom  ;  the  Rev.  John  Grice,  in- 
cumbent of  Drigg  and  Irton  ;  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Taylor,  B.A.,  curate  of  Muncaster ;  the  Rev. 
John  Bragg,  curate  of  Whicham ;  the  Rev. 
Jeremiah  Walker,  incumbent  of  Ulpha  ;  &c. 

To  the  Right  Hon.  William,  Earl  of  Lons- 
dale, K.G.,  F.S.A.,  I  am  deeply  indebted  for 
permission  to  dedicate  tlie  work  to  his  lordship. 
I  beg  also  to  express  my  gratitude,  for  the  loan 
of  books,  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Carlisle, 
to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Newc  astle-on- 
Tyne,  to  Henry  Denton,  Esq.  of  Lincolns  Inn,  and 
John  Bell,  Esq.,  of  Gateshead.  For  much  val- 
uable information  respecting  St.  Bees,  I  am  in- 
debted to  the  Rev.  George  C.  Tomlinson,  F.A.S., 
Chaplain  to  the  Marquis  of  Huntley  ;  and  for 
assistance  in  various  parts  of  the  volume,  to  tlie 
Rev.  John  Lingard,  D.D.,  Bernard  Gilpin, 
Esq.,  of  Ulverston,  Miles  Ponsonby,  Esq.,  of 
Hale  Hall,  Richard  Taylor,  Esq.,  Ravenglass, 


YUl  PREFACE. 

Mr.  William  Dickinson,  North  Mosses,  Mr. 
John  Gibson,  Whitehaven,  Mr.  Isaac  Clements, 
B.A.,  Drigg,  Mr.  Robert  Abraham,  of  Liverpool, 
and  many  other  Gentlemen,  whose  pohte  atten- 
tion I  have  great  pleasure  in  thus  acknowledg- 
ing. 

S.  J. 

Carlislb,  October,  1841. 


SUBSCRIBERS. 


His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Devonsliirc,  K.G.,  large  paper. 

The  Right  Hon   the  Earl  of  Carlisle,  K.G  ,  F.R.S.,  large  paper. 

The  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  K.G.,  F.S.A.,    Two  large  paper. 

The  Right  Hon.  Baron  Lowthor,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  large  paper. 

The  Right  Reverend  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Durham,  large  paper. 

The  Hon.  and  Right  Reverend  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Carlisle, /acye paper. 

The  Honorable  Charles  W.  G.  Howard,  M.P.,  large  paper. 

Sir  George  Musgi'ave,  Bart.  Edcnhall,  One  large  paper.  Two  small  paper. 

The  Dowager  Lady  Musgrave,  Leamington,  large  paper. 

The  Worshipful  the   Dean  and  Chapter   of  Carlisle,  large  paper. 

The  Venerable  the  Archdeacon  of  Carlisle. 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  largepaper. 

Thomas  Ainsworth,  Esq,  Flosh,  near  Cleator. 
Mr.  John  Airey,  Keswick. 
William  Armstrong,  M.D.,  M.R.C.S.L.,  &c. 
The  Rev.  Joseph  Askew,  M.A.,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  William  Barclay,  York. 

John  Barwise,  Esq.,  Granby  Row,  Whitehaven. 

J.  A.  Beck,  Esq.,  Eslhwaite  Lodge,  Hawkshead. 

Mr.  William  R.  Beck,  London,  large  paper. 

James  Bell,  Esq.,  Whiteliavcn. 

Messrs.  Joseph  and  .Fohn  Bell,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  Edward  Bell,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  Daniel  Bell,  Soulh-Castle-strect,  Liverpool. 

Mr.  Joseph  Bcnn,  Whitehaven. 

Robert  Benson,  Esq.  Cockermouth. 

Mr.  John  Birley,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  Tliomas  Blain,  London. 

Lancelot  Bouch,  Esq.,  Workington. 

Mr.  Henry  Bragg,  Whitehaven. 

Joseph  Brayton,  Esq  ,  Black -Cock,  near  Whitehaven. 

Robert  Brisco,  Esq.,  Low-Mill  House. 

John  'I'rotter  Brocket!,  ICsq.,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Thomas  Brocklebank,  Esq.,  Liverpool,  large  paper. 

Mr.  William  Brough,  Ilarringlon. 

Mr.  Jeremiali  Brown,  llarraby  Green,  Carlisle. 

The  Rev.  John  Brmit,  Incumbent  of  Cleator. 

Mr.  George  Buckham,  Whitehaven. 

The  Rev.  Robert  P.  lUiddicom,   M.A.,   F.A.S.,    Principal  of  St.  Bees 

College,  and  luciiinbitit  of  the  parish  of  St.  Bees. 
Isaac  Burns,  Esq  ,  Whitehaven. 


SUBSCRIBERS, 


The  Rev.  Thomas  Caddy,  Incumbent  ol  Whitbeck. 

"SVilliam  Carrulliers,  Esq.  Solicitor,  Carlisle,  large  paper. 

Mr.  Emerson  Charnley.  Newcasllc-upon-Tyne. 

The   Rev.   Matthew  Chester,  incumbent  of  St.   Helen's,    .\uckland, 

Durham. 
Mr.  Joseph  Clarke,  Warwick-Bridge. 
Mr.  Isaac  Clements,  B.A.,  Drigg. 
Mr.  Joseph  Collins,  Coleman-street,  London. 
Bernard  Gilpin  Cooper,  Esq.,  Hazel  Grove,  Stockport. 
Mr.  William  Cormick,  Whitehaven. 
W.  B.  Curwen,  Esq.,  Workington-hall, 
Richard  Cust,  Esq.,  Carlisle. 

The  Rev.  Anthony  Dalzell,  Close  End,  near  Workington. 
Mr.  Isaac  Dalzell,  Wliitehaven. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Dalton,  Incumbent  of  Holy  Trinity,  Whitehaven, 
Henry  Denton,  Esq.,  6,  Lincolns  Inn,  London. 
The  Rev.  C.  Jones  Denton,  East  Walton  Vicarage,  Norfolk. 
John  Dickinson,  Esq.,  Red  How,  Lamplugh. 

Joseph  Dickinson,  Esq.,  M.D.,  F.L.S.,  Great  George's  Square,  Liver- 
pool. 
Mr.  William  Dickinson,  Mosses,  near  Whitehaven. 
W.  L.  Dickinson,  Esq.,  Workington. 
Mr.  John  Dixon,  Whitehaven. 
Thomas  Dixon,  Esq.,  New  York,  large  paper. 
Mr.  W'illiam  Dixon,  W^orkiugton. 
Mr.  Stephen  Dodd,  Whitehaven. 
Mr.  James  Doman,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  George  Edger,  Carlisle. 

Mr-  John  Faulder,  Unthank. 

Mr.  Jonathan  Fell,  Workington. 

Mr.  Daniel  Fidler,  Cockermouth. 

William  Fisher,  sen.,  Esq.,  Liverpool. 

William  Fisher,  jimr.,  Esq.,  Workington,  large  paper. 

Mr.  Peter  Fisher,  Parton,  near  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  James  Fitzsimons,  Whitehaven. 

Mrs.  Forrester,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  Ralph  Forster,  Corkicle,  neai  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  John  Gibson,  Post  Office,  Whitehaven. 

Joseph  Gillbanks,  Esq.,  Whiteficld  House. 

The  Rev.  Joseph  Gilbanks,  Rectory,  Lamplugh. 

Bernard  Gilpin,  Esq.  Ulverston. 

The  Rev.  Samuel  J.  Goodenough,  M.A.,  Prebendary  of  Carlisle 

Thomas  Henry  Graham,  Esq.,  Edmond  Castle,  largepaper. 

The  Rev.  John  Grice,  Incumbent  of  Drigg  and  Irton. 

Mr.  John  Guy,  Green  Hill  Academy,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  William  Haige,  Winscales,  near  Workington. 
The  Rev.  Amos  Hall,  M.A.,  Hensingham. 
E.  II.  Hare,  Esq.  Workington. 


SUBSCRIBERS.  XI 

Mr.  Harris,  Cockertnouth, 

Mr.  Thomas  Haixis,  Carlisle. 

John  Harrison,  Esq.,  Whitehaven. 

George  Harrison,  Esq.,  Lincthwaite,  near  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  David  Harkness,  Workington. 

Jolin  Hartley,  Esq.,  Moresby  House,  near  Whitehaven. 

Thomas  Hartley,  Esq.,  Gillfoot,  near  Whitehaven. 

John  Hobson,  Esq.,  Lousdule-place,  Whitehaven. 

Mrs.  Hodgson,  North-end,  Burgh-upon-Sands. 

Mr.  Isaac  Hodgson,  Millom  Castle. 

Christopher  Holliday,  Esq.,  Scaton. 

Philip  H.  Howard,  Esq.,  M.P.  Corby  Castle. 

Henry  Howard,  Esq.,  Greystoke  Castle. 

Mr.  Robert  Howe,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  John  B.  Howe,  Carlisle. 

The  Rev.  Andrew  Hudleston,  D.D.,  Whitehaven. 

William   Hughes,   Esq.,   F.R.G.S.,   Professor  of   Geography    in    the 

College  of  Civil  Engineers,  London. 
Peter  Htud,  Esq.,  Workington. 

Samuel  Irton,  Esq.  M.P.,  Irton  Hall,  largepaper. 
Thomas  Irwin,  Esq.,  Calder  Abbey. 

Mr.  Daniel  Jackson,  Whitehaven. 

The  Rev.  R.  Jackson,  B.A.,  Wreay. 

Joseph  Jackson,  Esq.,  Calva,  Workington. 

The  Rev.  William  Jackson,  M.A.,  Incumbent  of  St.  John's  Chapel, 

Workington. 
Mr.  Thomas  Jackson,  Seaton  Mill. 
Mr.  T.  Elgar  Jefl'erson,  Ulverston, /ar^e  paper. 
W.  M.  Johnston,  Esq.,  Harrington. 

Mr.  C.  King,  Cheapside,  London. 

Mr.  James  Kirkcouel,  Post  Office,  Workington. 

Thomas  Langliom,  Esq.,  Lairbeck,  near  Keswick,  large  paper. 

Richard  Law,  Esq.,  CaTlis\e,  large  paper. 

Mr.  William  Ledger,  Whitehaven. 

The  Rev.  T.  B.  Levy,  M.A.,  Kirkby-Thore,  largepaper. 

The  Rev.  George  Lewthwaite,  B.D.,  Rector  of  Adel,  near  Leeds. 

Isaac  Littledale,  Esq  ,  Whiteliavcn,  large  paper. 

The  Rev.  Henry  Lowther,  JNI.A.,  Rector  of  Distington. 

William  Lumb,  Esq.,  Fox-houses,  Whitehaven,  large  paper. 

Mr.  Duncan  M'Alpin,  Blackball. 

Mr.  M'  Farlane,  Wliilehaven. 

Mr.  E.  R.  -M'  Gaa,  Workington, 

Mr.  Charli'S  Magee.  Whitehaven. 

Mrs.  M'  Kniplil,  Whitehaven,  large  paper. 

M.  Heron  Maxwell,  Esq.,  .St   Bees. 

William  Miller.   Esq.,  Whitehaven. 

Joseph  .Miller.  I'Nq  .  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  E.  Mi.rdumit,  Hrowtop,  Workington. 

Mr.  Isaac  Mossop,  Whitehaven. 

b  2 


XU  SUBSCRIBERS. 

Mr.  William  Newton,  Woodside,  Cheshire. 

Mr.  Richard  Nicholson,  Liverpool. 

William  !•'.  Nicholson,  Esq.,  Cartgate,  near  Whitehaven. 

Jlr.  NiiTinio,  Whitehaven. 

John  Norman,  Esq.,  Excise  Office,  London. 

WilUiim  Palrickson,  Esq.,  Crosby-on-Eden. 

John  Peilc,  Esq.,  Somerset  House,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  John  J.  Pcile,  Whitehaven. 

Williamson  Peile,  Esq.,  Whitehaven,  large  paper. 

Captain  Rowland  Pennington,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  William  Perry,  Royal  Bank  Buildings,  Liverpool. 

AVilsou  Perry,  Esq.,  Whitehaven. 

The  Rev   Henry  Pickthall,  B.A.,  Vicar  of  Millom. 

The  Rev.  Francis  Ford  Pinder,  M.A.,  Rectory,  Gosforth. 

John  Pousonby,  Esq.,  Whitehaven. 

Miles  Ponsunby,  Esq  ,  Hale  Hall. 

W.  J.  Posllcthwaile,  Esq.,  Whitehaven. 

J.  B.  I'ostlelhwaite,  Esq.,  Solicitor,  Whitehaven. 

Robert  Postlethwaite,  Esq.,  The  Oaks,  Millom. 

William  Postlethwaite,  Esq  ,  Banker,  Ulverston. 

Mr.  .William  Posllethw^aite,  Whitehaven. 

Isaac  Powc,  Esq.,  Waterloo-terrace,  Whitehaven. 

William  Randleson,  Esq.,  Croft  Hill,  near  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  John  Roan,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  John  Robinson,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  William  Rodgcrson,  St.  James's  street,  Liverpool. 

Mr.  Thomas  Rome,  Rocklifl'. 

Mr.  Joseph  Hooke,  Chcctham,  Manchestcr,/arpe paper. 

John  Roper,  Esq.,  Calder  Cottage,  Calder-Bridge. 

Mr.  George  Routlcdge,  London. 

Mr.  Henry  RouUedge,  Baldock,  Herts. 

The  Rev.  Ed\v.ard  Salkeld,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Aspatria. 

Henry  Salkeld,  Esq.,  Stainburu. 

Mr.  Tl.omas  Sanderson,  Workington. 

Mr.  Thomas  Sanderson,  39,  Paternoster-Row,  London,  large  paper. 

Mr.  John  Sawer,  Breckonhill. 

The  Rev.  Alexander  Sco'.t,  M.A.,  Rectory,  Boolle. 

Mr.  John  Scott,  Trinity  College,  Dublin. 

Captain  Isaac  Scotl,  junr.,  Browtop,  Workington. 

Sampson  Senhouse,  Esq.,  Parsonage,  Ponsouby,  large  paper. 

Humphrey  Senhouse,  Esq.,  Fitz,  Cockermouth. 

The  Kev.  John  Shackley,  St.  John's,  Micklegate,  York,  large  paper. 

George  Sibson,  Esq.,  Solicitor,  Carlisle. 

Captain  Jonathan  Sim,  Whitehaven. 

William  Slack,  Esq.,  Anns   Hill,  Cockermouth,  large  paper, 

William  Smith,  Esq.,  Hensuigham. 

Mr.  John  Russell  Smith,  London. 

Mr.  Edward  Smith,  Harbour-master,  Workington. 

Mr.  William  Sowerby,  Aldcrsgate-street,  London. 

John  Spencer,  Esq.,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  Joseph  Stamper,  Solicitor,  Cockermouth. 


SUBSCRIBERS.  XUl 

Edward  Stanley,  Esti-,  M.P.,  Ponsouby  Hall,  large  paper. 

Major  Steel,  St.  Helens,  Cockermouth. 

John  Steel,  Esq.,  Solicitor,  Cockerinoutli. 

Anthony  Benn  Steward,  Esq.,  Whiteliavcii. 

Jlr.  John  Borrowdale  Steward,  Whitehaven. 

Mr  George  Stockdale,  London. 

The  Ucv.  Joseph  Taylor,  B.A.  Curate  of  Muncaster. 

Charles  Thompson,  Esq.,  Workington. 

Isaac  Thompson,  Esq.,  Workington. 

John  Thompson,  Esq.  Kclswick  House,  near  Whitehaven. 

M.ajor  Tolson,  F.S.A.,  United  Service  Club. 

The  Rev.  G.  C.  Tomlinson,  F.S.A.  &c.,  Staughton  Rectory,  Hunts. 

Mr.  .John  Tomlinson,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  William  Todd,  Whitehaven. 

W.  B.   D.  D.  TurubuU,  Esq,  F.R.S.E.,   Secretary  to  the  Camden 

Society. 
Mr.  Joseph  Turner,  Whitehaven. 
Mr.  James  Turner,  Low  House,  near  Whitehaven. 

Tlie  Rev.  John  Vicars,  Incumbent  of  Hale. 

Mr.  John  Waldio,  Harraby  Green,  Carlisle. 

James  Robertson  Walker,  Esq.,  Gilgarron,   High-sheriff  of  the  county. 

Mr.  John  Walker,  Mark(.'t-place,  Whitehaven. 

The  Rev.  William  Walton,  M.A.,   F.R.S.,  AUenheads. 

The  Rev.  John  Watson,  Incumbent  of  Cumrew. 

Mr   George  Watson,  Whitehaven. 

Richard  Watts,  Esq.,  Clifton  House,  large  paper. 

Mr.  Wattleworth,  Whitehaven.  . 

William  Whitehead,  Esq.,  Ribton  House,  Whitehaven. 

The  Rev.  Robert  Whitehead,  M.A.,  Incumbent  Minister  cf  St.   John's 

chapel,  Hensinghani. 
Robert  Grose  Whitehead,  Esq.,  Hensingham. 
Richard  Whiteside,  Esq.,  Chapel  House,  Hensingham. 
Mr.  Thomas  Williamson,  Whitehaven. 
Mr.  William  Wilson,  Whiteh.avcn. 
Mr.  Jonathan  Wilson,  Birk-bank,  Cockennouth. 
The  Rev.  Fletcher  Woodhouse,  Rector  of  Moresby. 

Mr.  William  Yeates,  Wlutehaven. 


ADDITIONAL  SUBSCRIBERS. 

J.  H.  Attwood,  Esq.  Troughton  House,  near  Wliileliaven. 

Mr.  William  Bumyeat,  Wkitehaven. 

The  Rev.  Robert  CoulUiard,  M.A.  Fellow  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford. 

Mr.  Dickinson,  Kidbumgill,  near  Whitehaven. 
John  Douglas,  Esq.  Crofts,  near  Whitehaven. 
William  Dowson,  Esq.,  Rock  Ferry,  Liverpool. 

Mr.  John  Wilson  Fletcher,  Greysouthen. 

The  Rev.  John  Fox,  D.D.  Provost  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  large 
paper. 

Henry  O.  Huttnvaite,  Esq.,  Solicitor,  Maryport. 

W.  B.  Jones,  Esq.  Beech  Cottage,  Grasmere. 

Mr.  Kiiinebrook,  Artist,  Whitehaven. 

Mr.  Thomas  Mandell,  Distington. 

John  Nicholson,  Esq.  Nether  Stainton. 

Captain  Henry  Pcarce,  Whitehaven. 

Charles  Rawson,  Esq.,  Wasdale  Hall,  large  paper. 
Captain  William  Robinson,  Liverpool. 

Mrs.  Scott,  William-street,  Workington,  large  paper. 

Humphrey  Senhousc,  Esq.,  Netherhall,  two  copies,  large  paper. 

The  Rev.  William  Singleton,  Drigg  Hall,  near  Irton. 

Colonel  Speddiiig,  Ingwell,  near  Whitehaven,  two  copies,  large  paper. 

Edward  Tyson,  Esq.,  Solicitor,  Maryport. 

The  Rev.  J.  Wilson,  Crozier  Lodge,  Carlisle. 


CONTENTS. 


Introduction      .... 
Church  Livings,  and  Population  of  each  Parish 
Tlie  Parish  of  Harrington 

Page       1 

4 

5-14 

The  Parish  of  St.  John,  Beckermet 

15—20 

The  Parish  of  Egrcmont 
The  Parish  of  Cleator 

21—50 
61—54 

The  Parish  of  Halo 

55-67 

The  Parish  of  Moresby      . 

The  Parisli  of  Arlecdon     .           '      . 

58-70 
71-75 

The  Parish  of  Distington 
The  Parish  of  Lamplugh 
The  Parish  of  Wahcrthwaile 

76-81 
82—91 
92-94 

The  Parish  of  Corney 
Tlie  Parish  of  Whicham 

95-97 

08—103 

The  Parisli  of  Drigg 

Tlic  Parish  of  Whitbeck    . 

104-114 
115—123 

The  Parish  of  Bootle 

124-144 

The  Parish  of  Millom 

145—192 

The  Parish  of  Irton 

193—208 

The  Parisli  of  Muncaster 

209—238 

The  Parish  of  Workington 
The  Parish  of  Ponsonby 
The  Parish  of  Gosforth     . 

239—277 
278—294 
295—303 

The  Parish  of  St.  Bridget,  Beckermet 

The  Parish  of  St.  Bees      . 

Appendix           .... 

Additions  and  Corrections 

.301—325 
326-434 
435—146 

Index  of  Monuments  and  Epitaphs  . 

Index  of  Persons 

Index  of  Places  and  Subjects 

LIST  OF  ENGRAVINGS. 

Whitehaven  CasUe,  a  Seat  of  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  K.G.    Frontispiece. 

Cross  in  Irion  Church-yard  .  Page  207 

The  Church  of  Muncastor  •  ■  .  .      220 

Calder  Abbey  .... 

The  Arms  of  Archbishop  Grindal,  on  a  bridge  at  St.  Bees 

Cross  in  the  Church-yard  of  St.  Bees 

The  Prior)'  of  St.  Bees 

Lowther  Street,  Whitehaven 

Arms  of  the  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  K.G.     . 


321 
331 
ib. 
3W 
359 
370 


THK 


l^n^torg  antr  ITntitiuttic^ 

OF 

CUMBERLAND : 

SSttitI)    liiogt'ttpfjiral  Xoticrs    anU  fttrmotre. 

BY 

SAMUEL  JEFFERSON, 

AVTHOR  OF   "THE   HISTORY  AND  AKTiaUlTlES  OP  CARXI8LE/'  &C. 


iillustratcii  tDitfj  numn-au0  opiates  anir  i£ngrabinafi. 


VOL.  II.— ALLERDALE  WARD  ABOVE  DERWENT. 


CARLISLE: 
S.  JEFFERSON,  34,  SCOTCH-STREET. 

LONDON:  J.  B.NICHOLS  AND  SON,  25,  PARLIAMENT-STREET, 

AND  WHITTAKER  AND  CO.,  13,  AVE-MARIA-LANE. 

NEWCASTLE:    E.  CHARNLEY. 

MDccc  xm. 


THE 


^iQtotv,  cintr  atttiattttic^ 

or 

CUMBERLAND : 

Si!!9itl5    Uiograpfiifal  iTiottrrs    antt  ftlrmoire. 

BY 

SAMUEL  JEFFERSON, 

AUTHOR  OF  "THE  BISTORT  AND  ANTIQUITIES  OP  CARLISLE/*  &C. 


ClIuBtrattO  toitf)  iiunurouB  IJIatts  anH  Isngrabings. 


VOL.  I.— LEATH  WARD. 


CARLISLE: 
S.  JEFFERSON,  34,  SCOTCH-STREET. 

LONDON:  J.  B.NICHOLS  AND  SON,25,PARLIAMBNT-STnEET, 

AND  WHITTAKEK  AND  CO.,  13,  AVE-MAKI A-LANE. 

NEWCASTLE:  E.  CHAHNLET. 

M  DCCC  XL. 


THE 

HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES 

OP 

ALLERDALE  WARD,  ABOVE  DERWENT. 

UntroHurtiom 

HE  Ward  of  Allerdale 
above  Derwent  comprises 
the  south-western  portion 
of  the  county  of  Cumber- 
land, extending  along  the 
coast  from  Workington  to 
Milloni.  Its  length  from 
north  to  south  is  35  miles, 
and  its  greatest  breadth 
about  15  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  tlie  south,  by  the  Duddon,  which  di- 
videsit  fi"om  Lancashire;  on  the  west, by  the  Irish 
Sea ;  on  the  north,  ])y  the  Derwent,  which  divides 
it  from  Derwent  Ward  ;  and  on  the  east,  by 
Derwent  Ward  and  Lancashire.  It  forms  part 
of  the  deanery  of  Copeland,  in  the  archdeaconry 
of  Richmond  and  diocese  of  Chester. 

This  ward  is  watered  by  the  Derwent,   the 

A 


\ 


'2  INTRODUCTION. 

Duddon,  the  Esk,*  the  Calder,  the  Bleng,  the 
Ehen  or  Enn,  the  Irt,  and  the  Mite. 

The  Ward  of  Allerdale  above  Derwent,  until 
lately,  included  the  whole  of  the  barony  of  Cope- 
land,  now  called  Egi-emont,  and  the  honor  of 
Cockermouth,  and  was  given  to  William  de 
MeschineSjf  Earl  of  Cambridge,  by  his  elder 
brother,*  Ranulph,  Earl  of  Chester,  who  had 
received  a  gi"ant  of  the  county  from  William  the 
Conqueror.  At  this  time,  the  barony  was 
bounded  by  the  Derwent,  the  Duddon,  and  the 
Irish  Sea ;  but  "  so  much  of  the  same  as  Heth 
between  the  rivers  of  Cocker  and  Derwent," 
William  de  Meschines  re-granted  to  Waldieve, 
Lord  of  Allerdale,  son  of  Gospatrick,  Earl  of 
Dunbar,  with  the  honor  of  Cockermouth  and  the 
lordship  of  "  the  five  towns  above  Cocker" — 
Brigham,  Dean,  Eaglesfield,  Braithwaite,  and 
Greysouthen. 

William  de  Meschines  built  his  baronial  castle 
at  Egrcmont,  and  changed  the  name  of  the  barony 
from  Copeland  to  Egremont.  All  lands  which 
lie  or  his  successors,  lords  of  Copeland,  granted 
within  the  barony,  were  to  be  holden  of  the 
castle  of  Egremont.  William  de  Meschines  gave 
Workington,  Salter,  Kelton,  and  Stockhow,  to 
Ketel,  son  of  Eldred,  son  of  Ivo  de  Talebois, 
baron  of  Kendal;  the  manors  of  Beckermet,  Fris- 
ington,  Rotington,  Weddicar,  and  Arlecdon,  to 
....  Fleming ;  Kirkby  Begog  (St.  Bees)  to  the 

•  There  is  another  river  of  this  name  in  the  northern  part  of  tlie 
county,  wliich  gives  name  to  Eskdale  Ward. 

t  The  rc-founder  of  the  monastery  of  Kirkby  Begog  or  St.  Bees. 

•  By  some  authorities,  Ranulph  de  Meschines  is  said  to  have  been  the 
father  of  William. 


INTRODUCTION.  3 

abbey  of  St.  Mary,  at  York ;  Mulcaster  to  an 
ancestor  of  the  Penningtons ;  Drigg  and  Carleton, 
to  ....  Stuteville ;  Millom,  to  Godard  Boyvill ; 
and  Stainton,  Bolton,  Gosforth,  and  Hale,  to 
Thomas  Multon  of  Gilsland.  Further  particulars 
respecting  this  barony  may  be  found  under  the 
account  of  the  parish  of  Egremont,  in  a  subse- 
quent part  of  this  volume. 

By  a  recent  division  of  the  county,  which  oc- 
curred in  IS  10,  the  Ward  of  Allerdale  above 
Derwent  has  been  deprived  of  the  parishes  of 
Brigham  (including  the  borough  of  Cockermouth) 
and  Dean,  the  parochial  chapelries  of  Lorton 
and  Loweswater,  and  the  townships  of  Great  and 
Little  Clifton,  in  the  parish  of  Workington ;  all 
of  which  are  now  included  in  the  newly-created 
Ward  of  Derwent.  The  parishes  now  retained 
in  tlie  Ward  of  Allerdale  above,  are  enumerated 
in  the  following  table  : — 


A  2 


SH 


SI 


I? 

Bo- 


ocrcrp                tipoP-ScEE-S^B.  CSrogH. 

ecdon 

)tle 

ator 

tington 

gg 

emont 

iforth 

le 

Tington 

n 

aplugh 

lom 

resby 

ncaster 

isonby 

Bees 

Bridget's, 

John's,  Be 

berthwaite 

icham 

itbeck 

rkington 

a 

« 

11 

S-  3 

e* 

S!;^W55^^^^H3H3ja^53^j5jH-N-;5-H-5^i--^SlT3 

0 

ccooorefDfiOfBtr'oren    f^ccftoftcreo 

5..g  §.£.3,3.3,3,3  £g  o,g  o,g  0  £,g  00^  o,g 

c 

CoCCooOC^CO^IOoCcCOCOOrOfTJ 

5t) 
0 

£L          £i  £L  ^  £.  ^               £,      £.          E-          £L      £- 

K 

c        onoors            o     o        o        on 

t^ 

1        S^SSS           g     S        5        e     g 

< 

P                 PPP52P                        pP                 P                 PP 

5 

0              rsirioo                    o<^              o              oo 

0 

•<          ><v^v!v:>^              >-<■-<          "<          •?      "S 

0        tC  ^             w^-       H- h- tc        »o             tC        Co  H-       c» 

c:^.ucoc^oro  —  occrc;^oc.Taroo.t-crc.c-*4bieo 

CJClW^^^WOJ^CnOCiOOtOO'tDOOH-o-^Oirf- 

****                  •             *«»«**              « 

X'-^'Hr-ES>^Kr"^O=-C0BHt/:C?'-'^-;HHH 

S'c-cror*ra-c.o=rs-o»S^c:-K-oPcr&--    =:•£?- 

e  Bishop  of  Chester, 
e  Earl  of  Lon.sdale 
R.  G.  Braddyll,  Esq. 
e  Earl  of  Lonsdale 
e  Earl  of  Lonsdale 
muel  Irton,  Esq.,  M.P. 
neral  Wyndhani 

H.  h\  Scnhouse,  K.C. 
e  Earl  of  Lonsdale 
nry  Curwcn,  Esq. 
muel  Irton,  Esq.,  M.P. 
in  Laniplugh  L.  Uaper 

••  of  Duchy  of  Lancast 
c  Earl  of  Lonsdale 
rd  Muncastcr 
ward  Stanley,  Esq.,  M. 
e  Earl  of  Lonsdale 

Gaitskcll,  Esq. 

GaitskcU,  Esq. 
rd  Muncastcr 
e  Earl  of  Lonsdale 
c  Earl  of  Lonsdale 
nry  Curwcn,  Esq. 

"5 
> 

0 

■^  a           ."" 

^ 

CO                                                         — 

Oic.rf-co.u.ucowc5cntr^c;irf^it.c;.^c;i.ii.t.coo^ifa- 

5 

rf..i0.i-^i0Q:.J-^itC.i-O.—  .—  QOCOCON-c:"-OrCOCCO 

C-.  C  0-.  l,-.  0  V  CI  iJ.  0  C.1  0  c  c.  c--  c  c  c  c  c  c  c  ^  0 

00 

c:                           Co                 H-            ^            ^ 

rf^  ►- to  "  CO  .t.  tC        to -^  C;.  CP  it- CO  IC  Ci  0^  CO  ."J  bS  CO  CJ.  Co 

1 

4-(XCOMrC^.i-*4.fcCOOCOOt.*i|CC>.—  0:iCfCcri*-c 

ccc?tiOoccnoooOH-toc;'m»JC[Cci:ii:bitct;!u 

c 

C-.                              0                   .-             .-             .- 

cotrcr—  -.re-.  ici-oodOojotCi-Grtn^  —  co^cS     £ 

r 

> 

CO  —  —  _—  --CO^  —  —  intOC— ^C.C1COO.-|— tco:'      - 

z 

-^                           0                 ^^            ^^            ^~ 

—  tcco  —  c->c;.^.—  o-'tcoccic.-'OC'tcoo^iCkOicacc:  .£- 

— 

OrtsLCCO  —  —  OC-'O'CO.—  OC^ii-.i-(r*-COODODH-c>^ 
Xi—  —  a  ICCJicOCC/'Ccn  —  CiCtOOOK-COOOOODC^OO 

~ 

^                                 0                     IC              M-              w 

.—  iciCH-coc-.o^-o^sccic-^iicer^i.t.ecic.^^i.t- 

^r  oj  .X  ..0  0  .^1  ►—  oc  c.  Qc  CO  tc  Co  c-"  «^i  Co  «  ij  cr.  *-2  or  :*;  *.i 

'^1 

C-.  —  0^  ti  -^  ife  CO  c  ^  CO  ^1  _  —  or  tc  c  .-  IC  c  ic  ii  ?;  J 

H 
03 

r 
t<) 

c 
w 

oa 

S 
13 


O 

a 

S3 

o 


CO    < 

o 


Z 
O 
en 

-   Z 

z  c 


> 

c 


D 


srtc  «)ari0f)  of  |l!arrington. 


HIS  parish,  formerly  spell- 
ed Haveringham  or  Ha- 
reringfon,  was  the  inheri- 
tance of,  and  gave  name 
to,  the  ancient  and  baroni- 
al family  of  HaiTington  : 
it  extends  about  two  miles 
and  a  half  along  the  sea- 
coast,  and  is  about  one 
_____^  mile  in  breadth.      It  ad- 

joins the  parishes  of  Workington  and  Distington. 
The  commons,  which  formed  the  greater  part  ot 
this  parish,  were  enclosed  about  the  year  1770, 
and  it  still  retains  a  bare  appearance  from  its 
want  of  trees. 

The  Manor. 

Soon  after  the  Concpiest,  this  manor  was  grant- 
ed with  AN'orkington,  to  the  Talebois  fomily, 
barons  of  Kendal  in  Westmorland,  and  was  holden 
as  a  fee  of  Workington  :  but  at  an  eariy  period 
it  ])assed  to  the  family  of  Harrington,  of  whicli 
liouse  there  were  several  branches,— of  Beaumont, 
in  Cumbedand ;  of  Witherslack,in  Westmoriand ; 
of  Aldingham,  in  Furness,  Lancashire  ;  of  Hid- 
lington,  CO.  Kutland,  Baronets;  and  the  Barons 
Hm-rington  of  Exton. 


u  /■ 


\ 


6  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

The  eldest  branch  of  this  family  were  lords  of 
Harrington  ;  one  of  whom  married  the  heiress  of 
Seaton,  in  the  parish  of  Cammerton,  below  Der- 
went,  and  therefore  confirmed  Flemingby  or 
Fliniby  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary,  Holme  Cultram ; 
but  her  gi'andfather,  surviving  her,  gave  the  lord- 
ship to  her  uncle  Patric  de  Culwen. 

Philip  and  Mary,  by  letters-patent,  bearing 
date  in  the  third  and  fourth  of  their  reign,  grant- 
ed to  Henry  Curwen,  Esquire,  all  that  demesne 
and  manor  of  Haverington  with  the  appurtenances 
in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  late  parcel  of  the 
possessions  of  Henry  duke  of  Suffolk  convicted 
and  attainted  of  high  treason  ;  and  also  all  and 
every  messuages,  mills,  houses,  buildings,  tofts, 
cottages,  barns,  stables,  dove-cotes,  gardens, 
orchards,  pools,  ponds,  lands,  tenements,  meadows, 
pastures,  feedings,  commons,  ways,  wastes,  furze, 
heath,  moors,  mosses,  rents,  reversions,  and  ser- 
vices reserved  iipon  any  grants  or  leases ;  and 
also  fee  farm  rents,  knights'  fees,  wardships,  mar- 
riage, escheats,  reliefs,  heriots,  fines,  amercia- 
ments, courts  leet,  view  of  frankpledge,  profits, 
waifs,  estrays,  bondmen,  villeins  with  their  fol- 
lowers ;  and  all  rights,  commodities,  emoluments, 
and  hereditaments  whatsoever,  with  the  appur- 
tenances, situate,  lying,  and  being  in  Harrington 
in  the  said  county  of  Cumberland  and  elsewhere 
to  the  said  manor  belonging  ;  and  all  woods  and 
underwoods  of,  in,  and  upon  the  premises  grow- 
ing and  being,  and  the  land,  ground,  and  soil 
thereof.  The  same  being  of  the  yearly  value  of 
18/.  14.S.  8f/.  (Except  all  advowsons  of  livings.) — 
To  hold  to  the  said  Henry  Curwen,  his  heirs  and 
assigns,  of  the  king  and  queen  and  the  heirs  and 


PARISH   OF   HARRIKGTON.  ' 

successors  of  the  queen  in  capite,  by  the  40th 
part  of  one  knight's  fee,  for  all  rents,  services, 

and  demands.  ,  .     ,       tt  n    • 

Henry  Curwen,  Esq.,  of  Workington  Hall  is 
the  present  lord  of  the  manor  and  patron  ot  the 
rectory  of  Harrington.  The  demesne  is  within 
the  inclosure  of  Workington  park. 

Harrington  of  Harrington.* 

^rms.—Sahh,  a  fret  argent. 

de    Harrington  married  the   heiress   of 


Seaton,  in  the  parish  of  Cammerlon,  below  Dervvent ;  she 
died  "n  the  life-time  of  her  grandfather,  Thomas,  son  of 
Gospatrick. 

Robert  do  Harrington,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  T-,  married 
the  hen-ess  of  Cancelield,  Agnes   sister  and  heir  of  ^  .Iham 

son  of  Kiehard  de  Canceheld,  who  ™%"i!,'i„^l"='='  ^'f  ,^ '{'^^ 
heir  ofSir  Michael  le  Fleming,  son  of  William,  son  of  the 
first  Sir  Michael  le  Fleming,  of  Beckermet,  kmght.  He  had 
a  son  and  heir, 

John  de  Harrington,  knight,  first  baron  by  ^rit  who  was 
summoned  to  parliament  fmm  30'^  December  1324  (18th 
Edward  U.)  to  13th  November,  1345,  (2lst  Edward  HI.) 
in  the  early  writs  he  is  called  "  Johanni  de  Haverington  . 
Sis  eldest^son,  Robert,  married  Elizabeth,  one  of  the  three 
sisters  and  coheiresses  of  John  de  Multon  of  Egremon  ,  and 
died  in  the  life-time  of  his  father,  leaving  John,  son  and  heir, 
his  successor. 

John  de  Harrington  was  summoned  to  parliament  in  1348 
and  1349,  and  di.-d  in  1363,  leaving  issue,  a  son  and  iieir. 

Sir  Robert  de  Harrington,  knight  son  and  heir  of  John 
received    the   honor   of  knighthood  at  the  coronation   ot 

.  Of  this  family,  H.  Harringtun,  M.U..  Alderman  of  the  city  of  Bath, 
the  editor  of  Suycc  AntUju^,  -h«  died  m  1^10,  ^va.  a  deseendmu.  1  he 
.hort  but  significant  motto,  nodofirmo,  and  the  fret,  from  them  denonun- 
aled  the  Uarringlon  knot,  have  scr>ed  to  grace  the  assumptive  arms  ol 
miuiy  modem  shields. 


8  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Richard  II.,  and  was  summoned  to  parliament  from  1st 
Richard  II.,  1377,  until  his  death  in  1405.  Pie  married 
Isabel,  daughter  and  coheiress  of  Sir  Nigel  Loring,  knight 
of  the  most  noble  order  of  the  garter,  by  whom  he  had  issue. 

Sir  John  de  Harrington,  knight,  son  and  heir,  died  with- 
out issue,  hi  1418*. 

Sir  William  de  Harrington,  knight,  brother  and  heir,  was 
summoned  to  parliament  from  1421  to  1439.  He  married 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Sir  Robert  Nevil  of  Hornby,  knight, 
by  whom  he  had  issue  a  daughter,  Elizabeth,  who  married 
AVilliam,  Lord  Bonville  ;  by  this  marriage  she  carried  into 
that  family  the  accumulated  estates  of  Harrington,  Fleming, 
and  Cancefield,  a  third  part  of  the  great  estate  of 
Multon,  and  a  moiety  of  that  of  Loring.  Sir  William  was 
summoned  to  parliament  from  1421  to  1439,  and  died  in 
1457,  without  male  issue,  leaving  his  grandson  his  next  heir, 
who  became  Baron  Harrington,  J«re  matris. 

William,  Lord  Bonville,  and  (jure matris)  Baron  Harring- 
ton, married  Catherine,  daughter  of  Richard  Nevill,  Earl 
of  Salisbury,  (see  vol.  i.  Leath  Ward,  p.  70),  who  was  slain 
at  the  battle  of  Wakefield,  in  1460.  The  Yorkists,  on  whose 
side  he  fought,  prevailing  soon  after,  his  estates  were  not 
confiscated.     He  left  an  only  daughter, 

Cecily,  who  married,  firstly,  Thomas  Grey,  first  Marquess 
of  Dorset,  K.G.,  by  whom  she  had  issue  ;  and,  secondly, 
Henry  Stafi'ord,  Earl  of  Wiltshire,  who  died  s. p. 

Thomas  Grey,  second  Marquess  of  Dorset,  K.G.,  son  and 
heir  of  the  above,  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  Sir  Robert 
Wotton,  knight,  and  died  in  the  22nd  Henry  VIII.,  1530, 
leaving  issue, 

Henry  Grey,  third  Marquess  of  Dorset,   K.G.   created 

•  The  name  of  i?o6er<  do  Harington  occius  regularly  in  the  Sum- 
monses to  parliament  from  1st  Richard  11.  (1377,)  (o  3rd  September 
4th  Henry  V.  (Ml  7  ;)  but  as  Robert,  the  last  barun  died  in  1405,  and  as 
John  Baron  Harington  is  stated  in  the  Rolls  of  parliament  to  have  been 
present  on  the  22nd  December,  8th  Henry  IV.  (140G,)  it  may  be  infer- 
red that  all  the  Writs  after  the  7th  Henry  IV.  were  directed  to  this  Baron, 
and  that  the  Chiislion  tame  of  Robert  on  the  Rolls  after  that  year  was 
an  error. — Nicolas. 


PARISH    OF    HARRINGTON.  9 

Duke  of  Suffolk,  1551  ;  and  Lord  High  Constable,  1547, 
He  married  Frances,  daughter  and  coheiress  of  Charles 
Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk,  by  Mary  queen-dowager  of  France, 
and  sister  of  Henry  VIII. ;  by  whom  he  had  three  daughters, 
Jane,  Katherine,  and  Mary.  The  lady  Jane  Grey,  his  eldest 
daughter,  was  proclaimed  queen  of  England,  on  the  death  of 
Edward  VI.,  and  was  soon  after  beheaded.  Her  father  also, 
for  countenancing  this  honor,  so  unwillingly  "  thrust  upon" 
her,  was  attainted  and  beheaded  in  1554,  when  the  demesne 
and  manor  of  Harrington,  with  other  of  his  estates,  became 
forfeited  to  the  crown. 


The  Church 

Was  given,  with  that  of  Workington,  to  the 
abbey  of  St.  Mary,  York,  by  Ketel,  son  of  Eldred, 
son  of  Ivo  de  Talebois. 

After  the  dissolution  of  rehgious  houses,  Henry 
VIII.  by  letters-patent,  bearing  date,  August  20, 
in  the  3Gth  year  of  his  reign,  (1544),  granted  to 
Robert  Brokelsbye  and  John  Dyer,  tlie  advowson 
and  right  of  patronage  of  the  churches  of  Hav- 
erington  and  ^\'orkington ;  to  hold  of  the  king 
in  free  socage  by  fealty  only,  and  not  in  capite. 
On  the  27th  January,  1545,  they  conveyed  by 
fine  those  two  I'ectories  to  Thomas  Dalston,  of 
the  city  of  Carlisle,  Esquire. 

On  the  12th  of  October,  in  the  Gth  of  Eliza- 
beth, (1564,)  there  was  a  licence  of  alienation  to 
John  Dalston,  Esq.,  to  convey  the  advowson  and 
right  of  patronage  of  the  churches  of  Ilaverington 
and  Workington,  parcel  of  the  late  monastery  of 
St.  Mary,  York,  to  Henry  Curwen,  Esq.,  in 
whose  posterity  they  have  since  remained.  But 
in  1721,  the  lord  of  the  manor  being  a  Roman 
Catholic,  the  university  of  Cambridge  presented 
the  Rev.  Charles  Richardson  to  the  rectorv. 


10 


ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 


In  the  Ecclesiastical  Survey,  26th  Henry  VIII. 
the  rectory  is  thus  valued  : — 

Hav'ingham  Eector'  EccVie. 

Nich'us  Cowcrson  incumbens  Rector'  p'dca. 

valet  in       £     s.     d. 
Mansione  cum  gleba  per  > 

annu.  \ 

Decim'    garbas.   iiij/.   feni 

ix*.  pisciu.  mariiios.  ij*. 

Ian'  et  agnell'  iij*.  hid. 

minut'  et  privat'  decim' 

cum   oblac'   ut  in  libro 

paschal'  xlvs.  x«?.  In  tot' 


-vij 


vij 


£ 

s. 

d. 

>-vij 

X 

vij 

£ 

s. 

d. 

£ 

"j 

8, 

7 

vij 

V). 

"J 

— 

xiiij  viijob'q' 

Repris'  vis.  in 
Sinod'  xiijf?.  procurac'  ij«.  iijc?. 

Et  valet  clare 
Xma.  ps.  inde 


In  the  King's  Books  the  benefice  is  vakied  at 
7/.  7.V.  2>\d. :  and  it  was  certified  to  the  governors 
of  Queen  Anne's  bounty  at  37/. ;  viz.  glebe,  SI. ; 
all  tithes  belonging  to  the  rectory,  251. ;  prescrip- 
tion for  Mr.  Curwen's  demesne,  21. ;  Easter  dues 
and  siu-plice  fees,  21. 

List  of  Rectors. 

Nicholas  Cowerson,  occurs  1 535. 

....  Hudson,  occurs  c.  1642. 

1661  R.  Chr.  Mattinson. 

1662  Jeremiah  Topping. 
1690  John  Proctor.* 
1695  Thomas  Orfeur. 
1721  Charles  Richardson. 
1724  Charles  Richardson. 


Presented  by  the  Duke  of  Somerset. 


PARISH   OF   HARRINGTON.  11 

1734  Charles  Noble. 

1753  Darcey  Otley,  M.A.,  ob.  1780. 

1780  John  Bird.  ' 

1785  Joseph  Adderton. 

1795  Peter  How,  U.k* 

1817  Wilham  Curwen. 

1823  John  Curwen,  ob.  1840. 

1840  Peter  Von  Essen,  B.A. 

The  church  of  Harrington,  dedicated  to  St. 
.  .  . .,  is  picturesquely  situated  closely  adjoining 
the  rectory-house,  on  an  eminence  overlooking  the 
green  knolls  by  which  the  port  is  suiTOunded. 
It  consists  of  a  nave  and  chancel,  with  a  square 
tower  at  its  western  end,  and  a  vestry  on  the 
north  side  of  the  nave.  The  nave,  wliich  is  low 
and  narrow,  is  lighted  by  windows  of  modern  in- 
sertion. The  entrance  is  from  the  west,  under 
the  tower ;  and  the  step  is  an  ancient  grave-stone 
on  which  is  visible  part  of  a  cross-floree.  The 
chancel  is  a  modern  addition,  built  in  1811,  and 
is  both  loftier  and  of  greater  breadth  than  the 
nave  :  it  has  a  large  eastern  window  of  three 
lights.  The  pulpit  is  here  placed,  having  been 
removed  from  its  former  situation  on  the  enlarge- 
ment of  the  church.  The  tower  contains  one 
bell  with  the  date  1670. 

A  plain  slab  on  the  floor  of  the  nave  bears  the 
following  inscription : — 

In  Memory  of 

The  Rev.  DARCY  OTLEY,  M.A. 

Rector  of  Harrington,  who  died 

the  15tli  of  September  1780, 

aged  53  years. 

•  Died  rector  of  Workington,  1834. 
B   2 


12  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT, 

On  the  south  wall  of  the  nave  is  a  marble 
tablet,  mscribed 

Sacred  to  the  Memory  of 

Mr.  JAMES  KEY, 

■who  departed  this  life  November  the  23rd  1822, 

aged  77  years, 

and  of  ANN,  his  wife, 

who  died  January  the  25th,  1829, 

aged  76  years. 

In  fulfilment  of  whose  last  wishes,  this  Tablet 

is  erected,  by  her  Executors. 

Near  the  above  are  three  plain  black  slabs  on 
the  wall  with  these  inscriptions  : — 

Mr.  ROBERT  BANNISTER  died  June  30th,  1734,  aged  82  years. 

MARY  ye  Wife  of  Robert  Bannister  died  October  ye  27th  1752  aged 
82  y" 

MARY  ye  Daughter  of  Robert  and  Mary  Bannister  died  the  9"'  June 
1737  aged  31  years. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  church-yard,  near  the 
rectory-house,  under  an  old  thorn,  (a  spot  selected 
by  himself,)  is  a  tomb-stone  surrounded  with  iron 
rails,  bearing  this  inscription  : — 

Sacred 

to  the  Memory  of 

The  Rev.  JOHN  CURWEN, 

Rector  of  Harrington  for  sixteen 

years,  and  also  Rector  of  Plumbland ; 

youngest  son  of 

John  Christian  Curwen,  Esq. 

of  Workington  Hall, 

M.P.  for  the  county  of  Cumberland, 

who  departed  this  life  Feb.  24th,  1840, 

aged  40  years. 

Also  of 

JOHN  CHRISTIAN  CURWEN, 

his  infant  son, 

who  died  March  the  3rd,  1828, 

aged  three  months. 


PARISH    OF    HARRINGTON.  13 

In  the  church-yard  near  the  west  end,  is  a 
grave-stone  bearing  an  inscription  for  AVilham 
Sanderson,  who  "  was  dark  at  Harrington  church 
62  years." 

At  the  east  end  are  several  inscriptions  to  the 
memory  of  different  members  of  the  family  of 
Crosthwaite ;  and  on  the  north  side  to  the  M' 
Gaas. 

The  Port  of  Harrington 

Is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  a  rivulet  called  the 
Wyre,  two  miles  and  a  half  south  of  W^orkington, 
and  five  miles  north  of  Whitehaven.  The  first 
quay  here  was  built  by  Henry  Curwen,  Esq., 
grandfather  to  the  present  lord  of  the  manor ; 
and  his  son,  John  Christian  Curwen,  Esq.,  M.P., 
improved  the  harbour  at  considerable  expense. 
"  In  17(J0  there  was  not  one  house  here,  nor  one 
ship  belonging  to  the  port."  About  the  year  1 794, 
there  were  nearly  sixty  vessels  belonging  to 
Harrington,  averaging  100  tons  burthen.  In 
1828,  the  number  of  vessels  was  stated  to  be 
forty-three,  of  an  agregate  burthen  equal  to 
5,179  tons.  The  number  in  1810  was  11,  and 
their  burthen  about  GOOO  tons. 

The  principal  trade  is  in  exporting  lime  to 
Scotland,  and  coals  to  Ireland  :  the  former  is 
brought  from  the  adjoining  parish  of  Distington  ; 
and  tlie  latter  are  raised  in  this  parish  from  the 
mines  of  Henry  Curwen,  Esq. 

Near  the  harbour  are  two  yards  for  ship-build- 
ing, a  ropery,  and  a  manufactory  of  copperas  and 
vitriol. 

Iron-stone  has  been  formerly  got  here,  above 


14  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT, 

the  seams  of  coal ;  and  about  2000  tons  were 
for  many  years  annually  exported  to  Scotland 
and  Wales. 

The  school-house  at  Harrington  was  built  in 
18..  by  John  Christian  Curwen,  Esq.  The 
school  has  no  endowment. 


C1&C  Uari0i&  of  ^t.  :ilof)u. 


HE  parish  of  St.  John, 
Beckermet,  or  Becker- 
mont,  is  bounded  by  the 
parishes  of  St.  Bridget, 
St.  Bees,  Hale,  and  Egre- 
mont.  It  extends  rather 
more  than  three  miles 
from  east  to  west,  and 
from  the  north  to  south 
about  one  mile  and  a  half. 
Carleton-moor  and  Grange-brow,  in  this  parish, 
were  enclosed  under  an  act  of  parliament  passed 
in  1813.  This  parish  contains  the  south-eastern 
suburbs  of  the  town  of  Egremont,  and  a  part  of 
the  village  of  Beckermet,  as  divided  by  the  Kirk- 
beck. 

Wotobank,  near  the  village  of  Beckermet,  is 
the  seat  of  Mrs.  Hartley.  The  name  is  derived 
by  traditionary  etymology  from — Woe  to  this 
bank.  The  legend  is  as  follows  : — a  lord  of  the 
manor,  with  his  lady  and  servants,  were  one  day 
hunting  a  wolf,  and  in  the  ardour  of  the  chase  the 
lady  was  lost.  After  a  long  search  and  heart-rending 
suspense,  her  body  was  found  lying  on  the  bank, 
slain  by  a  wolf,  who  was  then  in  the  act  of  tear- 
ing her  to  ])icces.  In  the  first  transports  of  his 
grief,  the  distracted  husband  cried — "  AVoe  to 
this  bank."     This  tragedy  is  the  gi'ound-work  of 


16  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

a  long  poem,  by  Mrs.  Cowley,  called  "  Edwina  ;" 
which  is  contained  in  Hutchinson's  Cumberland. 

The  Manor  of  Little  Beckermet, 

Thus  designated  to  distinguish  it  from  the  manor 
of  Great  Beckermet  in  the  adjoining  parish  of 
St.  Bridget,  has  been  for  several  centuries  held 
by  the  Flemings,  of  Rydal  hall,  Westmorland,  as 
demesne  of  the  barony  of  Egi"emont.  The 
possessors  and  land-tenants  of  Rotington,  Frising- 
ton,  Arlecdon,  and  Weddicar,  held  their  lands  as 
fees  of  Beckermet.  Lady  le  Fleming,  of  Rydal 
hall,  is  the  present  possessor  of  this  manor. 

The  Church. 

The  church  of  St.  John  was  given  by  the 
Flemings  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary,  at  Calder ; 
and  in  the  year  1262,  on  the  petition  of  the  abbot 
and  convent,  it  was  totally  appropriated  to  that 
house.  They  represented  in  that  petition  to 
Godfrey  de  Ludham,  archbishop  of  York,  "  that 
although  they  had  the  right  of  patronage  in  the 
churches  of  St.  John  Baptist  of  Beckermet,  and 
of  St.  Michael  in  Arlekden,  yet  by  reason  of  the 
importunity  of  great  men,  and  provisions  of  the 
benefices,  they  had  not  free  liberty  to  present  unto 
the  same ;  and  therein,  where  they  obliged  one 
great  man  they  disobliged  many  more ;  they 
therefore  request,  that  the  archbishop  would  take 
such  order  therein,  as  may  be  more  beneficial  to 
the  said  abbot  and  convent,  and  also  to  the  arch- 
deacon of  Richmond,  to  whom  the  sequestration 
of,  and  institution  to  vacant  benefices  doth  belong. 


PARISH   OF   ST.   JOHN.  17 

and  the  collation  thereof  for  various  causes  may 
appertain  :  Therefore  the  said  archbishop  g^i'ants 
to  the  said  abbot  and  convent,  that  the  chinxh 
of  St.  John  of  Ik'ckerniet,  ■which  is  nigh  to  the 
house  of  Calder,  and  contiguous  to  their  parish 
of  St.  Bridget,  shall,  after  the  death  or  cession  of 
^Villiam  the  then  rector,  be  converted  and  per- 
petually remain  to  their  own  use,  for  the  increase 
of  their  alms,  and  better  sustentation  of  the  con- 
vent :  And  that  the  archdeacon  of  Richmond  may 
not  be  prejudiced  thereby  in  his  right  to  seques- 
trations, institutions,  and  collations,  he  gi'ants  in 
reconipcnce  thereof,  that  the  church  of  Arlekden, 
after  the  death  or  cession  of  Alan  the  then  incum- 
bent, sliall  be  perpetually  annexed  to  the  arch- 
deaconry, and  converted  to  the  use  of  the  arch- 
deacon, so  that  he  may  have  a  house  in  Coupland 
unto  which  he  may  resort,  when  he  or  his  officials 
go  into  those  parts,  through  bogs,  and  floods, 
and  various  tempests,  to  discharge  their  ecclesi- 
astical function."* 

In  this,  as  in  many  other  cases,  the  church  of 
St.  John  was  served  by  the  monks  of  that  religious 
house  to  which  its  revenues  had  been  appropriated. 
But  on  the  dissolution  of  religious  houses,  the 
cupidity  of  Henry  VIII.  who  had  seized  on  their 
revenues,  would  not  allow  him  to  restore  them  to 
the  churches,  which  were  then  left  totally  desti- 
tute, proving  the  truth  of  that  expression  of  the 
single-minded  and  pious  Roman  Catholic  bishop, 
John  Fisher,  (with  reference  to  Henry  VIII.) 
that  "it  is  not  so  much  the  good,  as  the  goods  of 
the  church,  that  is  looked  after." 

•  Nicolson  and  Bum. 
C 


18  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWEXT. 

By  this  act  of  injustice  the  churches  of  St. 
John  and  St.  Bridget  were  so  impoverished,  that 
they  have  been  until  IS  11,  suppHed  by  the  same 
curate,  who  officiated  in  each  akcrnately.  In  the 
time  of  Bishop  Bridgman,  who  held  the  see  of 
Chester  from  1619  to  1657,  these  two  parishes 
paid  synodals  and  procurations  jointly ;  but  since 
that  time,  in  consequence  of  their  poverty,  they 
have  paid  nothing. 

In  the  year  1702,  a  curate  was  nominated  to 
the  two  parishes,  by  Richard  Patrickson,  Esq. 
In  1767,  Henry  Todd,  Esq.  was  the  impropriator 
and  patron;  and  in  1S2S,  the  curacy  was  in  the 
impropriation  and  patronage  of  the  Rev.  Henry 
John  Todd,  F.S.A.  rector  of  Settrington,  co. 
York,  and  chaplain  in  ordinary  to  his  majesty. 
The  patronage  was  sold  about  the  year  18. .  to 
Henry  Gaitskell,  Esq.  the  present  impropriator 
and  patron.  The  living  Avas  certified  to  the 
governors  of  Queen  Ann's  bounty  at  7/.  per 
annum.  The  Rev.  Anthony  Dixon  is  the  present 
incumbent,  and  the  resident  curate  is  the  Rev. 
John  Sheffield. 

The  old  church,  which  was  taken  down  about 
thirty  years  ago,  had  a  south  porch ;  it  was  not 
pewed,  and  was  seated  with  forms. 

The  present  church  dedicated  to  St.  John 
Baptist,  is  a  small,  neat,  ivy-covered  edifice,  re- 
built about  ISIO.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on 
the  side  of  a  hill  near  the  Kirkbeck,  and  near  the 
junction  of  the  parishes  of  St.  John,  St.  Bridget, 
and  Hale.  It  consists  of  a  nave  and  chancel, 
with  a  west  porch,  over  which  is  a  bell-tuiTet 
can-ying  two  bells,  and  a  Aestry  on  the  north 
side  of  the  chancel.     The  porch  is  entered  by  a 


PARISH   OF   ST.   JOHN.  19 

pointed  arch,  preserved  from  the  old  church,  en- 
riched by  a  triangular  canopy,  ornamented  with 
crockets,  terminating  in  two  heads,  all  much 
nuitilated,  and  the  finial  is  lost.  The  church  is 
hghted  by  sash  windows ;  the  font  is  placed  im- 
mediately in  front  of  the  reading-desk.  On  the 
east  end  of  the  chancel  are  the  remains  of  a  cross 
l^reserved  from  the  old  church.  A  grave-stone 
with  a  cross  and  sword,  in  good  preservation,  but 
with  no  inscription,  is  built  into  the  north  wall 
of  the  porch. 

On  the  east  wall  of  the  chancel  is  a  marble 
monument  with  this  inscription  : — 

Sacred  to  tlie  memory  of 

JOHN  RICHARDSON  of  Carleton  Lodge,  Esq. 

Who  died  the  10th  day  of  May,  1811,  aged  2G  years. 

His  remains  were  interred  at 

St.  Nicholas's  Chapel,  Whilehavcn. 

He  beqncathed,  by  ■will,  the  interest  of  one  hundred  pounds,  to  be 

distributed  annually  on  Easter  Day,  to  such  poor  inhabitants  of  this 

parish  as  do  not  receive  any  benefit  from  the  poor  rates. 

His  widow,  Jane  Richardson,  (in  grateful  tribute  to  his  memory) 
caused  this  monument  to  be  erected. 

Near  the  above  is  another  mural  monument 
inscribed — 

To  the  memory 

of  ELIZABETH  and  ISABEL  TODD, 

daughters  of  the  late  Mr.  Henry  Todd, 

of  St.  Bees,  gentleman  ; 

who  were  impropriators  of  this  parish, 

and  whose  remains  are  interred 

in  the  church  of  St.  Bees. 

Eliz.  died  June  14,  1811,  aged  83. 

Isab.  died  May  C,  1808, 

aged  79. 

On  the  south  wall  of  the   nave  is  a  marble 
c  2 


20  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

monument  to  the  memory  of  the  -widow  of  the 
above  John  Richardson,  Esq.,  bearing  this  in- 
scription : — 

Sacred 

To  the  Memory  of 

JANE  BIRLEY 

late  of  Carleton  Lodge, 

who  died  on  the  Gth  day  of  September, 

1833,  aged  forty-seven  years. 

Her  remains  were  interred  at 

St.  Nicholas's  Chapel,  Whitehaven. 

She  bequeathed  by  her  will,  the  interest  of 

fifty  pounds,  to  be  distributed,  annually,  on 

Easter  Day,  to  such  poor  inhabitants  of  this 

parish  as  do  not  receive  any  benefit 

from  the  poor  rates. 

Charities, 

Mr.  John  Richardson,  of  Carleton,  in  this 
parish,  who  died  in  1811,  bequeathed  the  interest 
of  100/.  to  be  distributed  annually  at  Easter, 
among  the  poor  of  this  parish  who  do  not  receive 
parochial  relief. 

Mrs.  Jane  Birley,  who  had  been  left  a  widow 
by  the  above  Mr.  Richardson,  left  by  will,  in 
1833,  the  interest  of  50/.  to  be  distributed 
annually  on  Easter-day,  to  the  poor  of  the  parish 
who  do  not  receive  parochial  relief. 


Wift  I3art0i)  of  iSgrnnont 

S  bounded  by  the  parishes  of 
St.  Bees,  Cleator,  Hale,  and  St 
John  Beckermet,and  the  chapel- 
ry  of  Ennerdale.  The  whole 
parish  is  included  in  one  to\VTi- 
ship  of  its  own  name.  It  ex- 
tends about  three  miles  from 
north  to  south,  and  two  and  a 
half  from  east  to  west.  The 
Messrs.  Lysons  state  that  of  the 
parishioners  buried  here  from  1805  to  IS  14,  one 
in  ten  were  aged  from  80  to  89  inclusive,  and 
about  one  in  fifty-eight  were  aged  from  90  to  99 
inclusive.  The  parish  is  traversed  by  the  road 
from  Whitehaven  to  Ulvcrston,  and  is  watered 
by  the  Ehen  and  some  other  small  streams. 

In  this  parish  are  two  iron-stone  mines  worked 
by  Anthony  Hill,  Esci-  and  the  Messrs.  Lindows. 
The  ore  is  shipped  at  Whitehaven,  and  is  chiefly 
sent  to  Cardiff  and  New[iort,  in  Wales.  Lime- 
stone also  is  plentiful  in  the  parish,  and  there  are 
some  quarries  of  red  free-stone. 

The  common  called  Cowfield,  on  which  each 
of  the  burgesses  had  a  right  of  pasturage  for  a 
cow,  is  now  enclosed:  it  was  sold  by  mutual 
consent. 

It  is  stated  in  Hutchinson's  Cumberland  that 
there  were  then  (1794)  remaining  near  the  town, 
several  tumuli,  particularly  one  of  loose  stones. 


22  ALLERD.\LE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

forty  paces  in  circumference :  not  far  from  it  was  a 
circle  of  large  stones,  ten  in  number,  forming  an 
area  of  sixty  paces  in  circumference,  without  any 
elevation  of  gi'ound. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  town  near  a  field 
called  Gibbet-holme,  on  the  Langhorn  estate, 
several  skeletons  have  been  found  at  various 
times. 

Egremont 

Formerly  a  borough,  is  an  ancient  market-to\\Ti, 
situated  on  the  west  or  right  bank  of  the  Ehen, 
over  which  there  is  a  modern  bridge  of  two  arches. 
It  is  nearly  six  miles  north-east  of  Whitehaven, 
and  within  three  miles  of  the  Irish  Sea.  It  was 
anciently  the  principal  town  in  the  barony  of 
Copeland  or  Egremont,  and  Ward  of  Allerdale 
above  Derwent,  and  still  retains  marks  of  its  an- 
tiquity and  of  its  former  importance  as  the  baro- 
nial seat  and  residence  of  the  lords  of  that  great 
barony.  This  ancient  borough  presents  a  strange 
contrast  to  the  neighbouring  town  of  Whitehaven; 
— ^for  while  the  latter,  of  a  modern  date,  has  arisen 
to  opulence  and  commercial  importance ;  the 
former,  if  it  have  not  retrograded,  has  remained 
nearly  stationary. 

About  the  reign  of  King  John,  Richard  de 
Lucy,  lord  of  the  barony,  granted  a  charter  of 
certain  privileges,  containing  rules  and  orders 
for  the  burgesses  of  Egremont.  All  the  other 
records  respecting  the  privileges  of  the  burgesses 
are  supposed  to  be  lost.  By  Richard  de  Lucy's 
burgage  tenure  the  people  of  Egi-emont  were 
obliged  to  find  armed  men  for  the  defence  of  the 
castle,  forty  days  at  their  own  charge.     The  lord 


PARISH    OF    EGREMONT.  23 

was  entitled  to  forty  days'  credit  for  goods,  and 
no  more ;    and  his  burgesses    might   refuse    to 
supply  him,  till  the  debt  which  had  exceeded  tliat 
date  was  paid.     They  were  bound  to  aids  for  the 
redemption  of  the  lord  and  his  heir  from  cap- 
tivity, for  the  knighthood  of  one  of  the   lord's 
sons,  and  the  marriage  of  one  of  his  daughters. 
They  were  to  find  him  twelve  men  for  his  mili- 
tary array.     They  were  to  hold  watch  and  ward. 
They  could  not  enter  the  forest  with  bow  and 
arrow,      Tiiey  were  restrained  from  cutting  off 
their  dogs'  feet  within  the  borough,  as  being  a 
necessary  and  customary  defence  :   on  the  bor- 
ders, the  dogs  appointed  to  be   kept  for  defence 
were  called  sluu^li  dogs :   this  restriction  points 
out,  that  within  the  limits  of  forests,  the  inhabi- 
tants keeping  dogs  for  defence  were  to  lop  off 
one  foot  or  more,  to  prevent  their  chasing  the 
game  ;  which  did  not  spoil  them  for  the  defence 
of  a  dwelling.      A  singular  privilege  appears  in 
the  case  of  a  burgess  committing  fornication  with 
the  daughter  of  a  rustic,  one  who  was  not  a 
burgess,  that  he  should  not  be  liable  to  the  fine 
imposed  in  other  cases  for  tliat  offence,  unless  he 
had  seduced  by  promise  of  marriage.      The  fine 
for  seducing  a  woman  l:)clonging  to  the  borough 
was  3.V,  to  the  lord.     By  the  rule  for  inspecting 
the  dyers,  weavers,  and  fullers,  it  seems  those 
were  the  only  trades  at  that  time  within   the 
borough  under  the  character  of  craftsmen.     Tlie 
burgesses  who  had  ploughs  were  to  till  the  lord's 
demesne  one  day  in  the  year,  and  every  burgess 
to  find  a  reaper :  their  labour  was  from  morning, 
ad  nonam,  which  was  three  o'clock,  as  from  si.x  to 
three.* 

•  Hutchinson. 


24  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

The  charter  was  as  follows : — 

Sciant  tam  praesentes  quam  futuri,  quod  ego  Rickardus  de 
Lucy  dedi,  et  hac  prnesenti  charta  mea  confirmavi,  burgen- 
sibus  nieis  de  Acriraonte  et  horedibus  suis,  has  scilicit  sub- 
scriptas  leges,  libertates,  et  consuetudines  habendas  de  me 
et  haeredibus  meis ;  scilicit,  Quod  iidem  burgenses  non 
dcbent  ire  extra  portas  burgi  de  Acrimonte  per  alicujus 
summonitionem  nisi  ad  januam  castelli  cum  domino  vel 
ejus  senescallo  ad  namium  capiendum  vel  stricturam  facien- 
dam  intra  Coupland.  Et  sciendam  est,  quod  si  werra 
advenerit,  iidem  burgenses  mei  invenient  mihi  et  haeredibus 
meis  12  homines  cum  armis  suis  in  castello  meo  defendendo 
de  Acrimonte  per  40  dies  ad  eorum  proprias  expensas ;  in 
caeteris  vero,  pannos  et  cibos  et  aliud  mercatorium  mihi 
accredent  per  dies  40  :  et  si  eis  debitum  suum  intra  termin- 
um  non  persolvero,  non  teneantur  mihi  alia  mercatoria  sua 
accredere,  donee  debitum  suum  reddidero.  Item,  debent 
mihi  auxilium  ad  faciendum  militem  unum  de  filiis  meis : 
et  illud  auxilium  dabunt  ad  mai'itandum  unam  ex  filiabus 
meis.  Item,  si  necesse  fuerit  ad  corpus  meum  vel  haere- 
dum  meorum  redimendum,  mihi  auxilium  dabunt.  Item, 
aliud  auxilium  mihi  facient,  quando  milites  terrae  meae  mihi 
auxiliabuntur,  et  illud  debet  fieri  per  12  burgensium.  Et 
dabunt  multuram  ad  molendinum  meum,  scilicet  tertium 
decimum  vas  de  proprio  blado  suo ;  de  blado  sue  vero 
empto,  dabunt  sextum  decimum.  Item,  si  quis  emerit 
burgagium,  dabit  mihi  4  denarios  de  seisina  sua.  Item,  si 
quis  burgensis  sumraonitus  fuerit  rationabiliter  per  leges 
suas  veniendi  ad  placita  burgi,  et  defecerit ;  dabit  6  denarios. 
Item,  burgenses  mei  quieti  erunt  de  pannagio  suo,  intra 
divisas  suas  de  porcis  suis,  scilicet,  a  Crokerbec  usque  ad 
rivulum  de  Culdertun  (salvo  maeremio).  Et  sciendum  est, 
quod  si  porci  sui  exeunt  praedictas  divisas,  dabunt  mihi 
pannagium,  sc.  vicesimum  porcum.  Et  si  forte  aliquis  bur- 
gensium habeat  unum  viginti  poreos,  dabit  mihi  pro  unoquo- 
quc  porco  denarium.  Et  si  porci  sui  venient  sine  licentia 
mea  in  forestam  meam  Innerdale,  dabunt  eschapium.  Item, 
vigiliip  burgi  dcbent  incipere  a  burgensibus;  et  si  quis 
defecerit  in  eisdem  vigiliis  dabit  mihi  G  denarios.  Item,  si 
burgensis  ceciderit  in  placito,  pro  defectu  responsi ;  dabit  4 
denarios  domino  de  forisfacto,  et  recuperabitplaciturasuum. 
Item,  si  convicium  apertum  dixerit  aliquis  burgensis  vicino 
suo,  dabit  domino  tres  solidos  pro  forisfacto,  si  ipse  convic- 
tus  fuerit  iude.     Et  si  quis  percusserit  vicinum  suum  sine 


PARISH   OF   EGREMONT.  25 

sanguine  tracto,  dabit  domino  pro  forisfacto  tres  solidos,  si 
inde  convictus  fuerit.  Et  si  quis  traxerit  sanguinem  de 
vicino  suo  cum  armis,  dabet  domino  pro  forisfacto  18  solidos, 
si  convictus  fuerit.  Item,  talis  est  consuetudo  burgensiura, 
et  viventinm  omnium  secundum  legem  vill»,  si  latrocinium 
alicui  praedictorum  imponitur,  purgabit  se  per  36  homines, 
semel,  secundo,  tertio,  et  postea  ejectus  erit  a  communione 
burgi,  et  omnia  catalla  sua  et  domus  ejus  et  omnia  quee 
possidet  saisiabuntur  in  manu  domini.  Item,  si  quis  ver- 
beraverit  praepositum  villa?,  dabit  domino  pro  forisfacto 
dimidiani  marcam,  si  inde  convictus  fuerit ;  et  si  traxerit 
sanguinem  de  eo,  quoquo  modo  fuerit,  dabit  domino  pro 
forisfacto  iSsolidos,  si  inde  convictus  fuerit.  Item,  praeposi- 
tus  debet  fieri  per  electionum  burgensium.  Item,  si  aliquis 
burgensis  vendiderit  res  suas  alicui  non  burgensi,  ct  ille 
nolucrit  reddere  ;  licet  eidem  burgensi  capere  namium  suum 
intra  burgum,  sine  alicujus  liccntia.  Item,  si  aliquis  burgen- 
sis voluerit  vendere  terram  suam,  sc.  burgagium  suum,  licet 
ci  vendere  et  ire  libere  ubi  voluerit.  Item,  si  burgensis 
eraerit  burgagium  intra  villam  ct  illc  tenucrit  per  annum  et 
diem  absque  calumpnia  alicujus;  terra  illircmanebitquieta, 
nisi  aliquis  possit  monstrare  jus  suum,  et  extra  regnum 
fuerit  in  negotiatione  vel  pcrogrinatione.  Item,  si  uxor 
burgensis  dixerit  aliquod  convitium  vicinx-  sua*,  et  ilia  inde 
convicta  fuerit;  dabit  domino  pro  forisfacto  4  denarios. 
Item,  omnes  burgenscs  et  liberi  eorum  quieti  erunt  a  thco- 
lonio  in  toto  terra  mca  de  propriis  catallis  burgensium. 
Item,  licet  burgensibus  ire  in  foresta  mea  de  Innerdale,  ad 
mercatoriura  suum  faciendum,  sine  arcu  et  sagittis.  Item, 
si  aliquis  extraneus  venerit  in  burgum,  et  sit  burgensis  per 
annum  et  diem  sine  calumpnia  alicujus ;  liber  deinceps  re- 
manebit,  nisi  sit  de  dominico  regis.  Item,  burgcnses  non 
aniputabunt  pedes  canum  suorum  intra  divisas  suas:  et  si 
forte  aliquis  canis  sequitur  aliqucm  burgensera  extra  divisas 
suas  in  via,  excepta  foresta  mea  de  Innerdale,  non  calump- 
niabitur  inde  a  quoquam.  Item,  burgcnses  non  placitabunt 
pro  aliqua  re  ad  me  pertinente,  extra  placitum  burgi;  nisi 
de  foresta  mca,  et  de  corona  regis.  Item,  si  aliquis  (jui 
vixerit  secundum  legem  villa-  iornicatus  fuerit  cum  (ilia 
alicujus  rustici  intra  burgum ;  non  dabit  mcrchct,  nisi  cam 
desponsaverit.  Item,  siquis  burgensis  non  adificaverit  bur- 
gum suum  intra  terminum  sibi  statulum,  scilicet  intra  an- 
num; dabit  domino  pro  forisfacto  12  denarios.  Item, 
asscssus  tinctorii,  textorii,  fullonici  debent  fieri  per  visum 
12   burgensium;    ct  si  quis  statutum   eorum  transgressus 

D 


26  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERVVENT. 

fuerit,  dabit  domino  pro  forisfacto  12  denarios,  si  inde  con- 
victus  fuerit.  Iteoi,  licet  burgensibus  emere  quicquid 
voluerint  intra  burgum,  et  vendere,  sine  calumpnia  alicujus. 
Item,  burgenses  qui  carucas  habent,  arabunt  mihi  uno  die, 
de  mane  usque  ad  nonam,  annuatira,  ad  summonitionem 
prsepositi  mei ;  et  unuraquodque  burgagium  inveniet  unum 
horainem  in  autumno  ad  metendum,  et  habebunt  prandium 
suum  quando  arabunt  et  metent.  Et  sciendum  est,  quod 
pro  hoc  servitio  habebunt  coramunem  pasturam  de  Corker- 
bee  usque  ad  praedictum  rivulum  de  Culdertun,  quando 
praedicta  pastura  vacua  sit  a  blado  et  fceno  domini.  Item, 
burgenses  capiant  necessaria  ad  propria  fedificia  sua  intra 
praedictas  divisas,  sine  visu  forestariorum  (salvo  niaeremio). 
Item,  sciendum  est,  quod  si  forte  animalia  burgensium 
transeant  ultra  rivulum  de  Culdertun,  dabunt  in  sestate  pro 
decem  animalibus  unum  denarium,  et  pro  quinquies  viginti 
ovibus  unum  denarium.  Hiis  testibus;  D.  abbate  de  Chal- 
dra,  Eoberto  priore  de  Sancta  Bega,  Henrico  filio  Arthur!, 
Alano  filio  Ketelli,  Willielmo  fratre  ejus,  Hugone  filio 
Sywardi,  Alano  Benedicto,  Gilberto  filio  Gilborti,  Roberto 
de  Haverington,  Ado  de  Landplogh,  Eicardo  Anketill, 
Eoberto  de  Willona. 

Egremont  was  anciently  a  parliamentary 
borough :  it  was  first  summoned  in  the  23rd 
Edward  I.,  but  was  disfranchised  on  the  petition 
of  the  burgesses. 

In  the  year  1300,  Thomas  de  Multon  and 
Thomas  de  Lucy  claimed  to  have  assize  of  bread, 
&c.  and  the  chattels  of  felons  condemned  and 
beheaded  throughout  the  whole  land  of  Copeland; 
a  gallows  at  Egremont ;  a  market  at  that  town 
on  Wednesday,  and  a  fair  for  two  days  at  Lady- 
day,  which  market  and  fair  had  been  gi-anted  in 
1266. 

The  market,  which  is  now  held  on  Saturday, 
is  a  large  corn-market,  and  well  supplied  with 
butchers'  meat  and  other  provisions.  The  fair  is 
now  held  on  the  18th  of  September  for  cattle,  &c. 
There  is  another  fair  on  the  third  Friday  in  May. 


PARISH    OF   EGREMONT.  27 

There  are  also  certain  great  markets  or  cattle- 
fairs  held  oil  the  market-days  in  the  summer 
montlis. 

A  com-t-baron  for  the  recovery  of  debts  under 
40.?.  is  held  liere,  by  adjournment,  every  sixth 
Friday,  under  General  ^^'yndham,  the  lord  of 
the  barony  of  Egremont.  A  court-leet  and  a 
customary  court  are  held  annually  in  the  spring. 
The  ancient  court-room  in  the  castle  being  de- 
cayed, they  are  holden  by  adjournment,  at  the 
King's  Arms  inn.  Two  bailiffs  and  two  consta- 
bles are  annually  appointed  at  the  court-leet. 

Tlie  ancient  office  of  borough-serjeant  is  still 
preserved  ;  but  it  is  not  now  an  annual  appoint- 
ment :  lie  summons  the  juries  for  the  court-baron, 
court-leet,  and  coroner's  inquests. 

Gillfoot,  a  mansion  about  half  a  mile  north  of 
the  town,  is  the  residence  of  Thomas  Hartley, 
Esq. 

There  are  in  and  near  Egremont,  a  paper-mill, 
carried  on  by  Messrs.  Harrison,  Barker,  and  Co. ; 
four  tan-yards  1  and  a  thread-mill,  worked  by 
Messrs.  Gibson  and  Co. 

The  Church. 

The  church  of  Egremont  was  given  by  AViUiam 
de  Meschines, — who  had  a  gi-ant  of  the  barony 
from  his  brother  Ranulph,  who  received  it,  with 
the  whole  county,  from  \N'illiam  the  Conqueror, — 
to  the  ))riory  of  Kirkby  Begog,  (St.  Bees,)  which 
was  a  cell  to  the  mitred  abbey  of  St.  Mary,  York. 
It  still  pays  a  pension  to  the  church  of  St.  Bees. 

Edward  \T.  in  the  2nd  year  of  his  reign, 
granted  to  William  Ward  and  Richard  Venables 

D  2 


28 


ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 


one  messuage,  one  garden,  and  two  acres  of  land 
in  Brisco,  in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  which 
formerly  had  been  assigned  towards  the  support 
of  a  chantry  priest  in  the  church  of  Egremont. 

And  the  same  king,  in  the  3rd  year  of  his 
reign,  granted  to  Henry  Tanner  and  Thomas 
Bocker,  messuages  and  tenements  in  the  parish  of 
Egremont,  in  the  possession  of  18  different  per- 
sons, late  belonging  to  a  stipendiary  in  St.  Mary's 
church  of  Egi'emont. 

The  benefice  is  a  rectory,  in  the  patronage  of 
General  Wyndham.  It  was  valued  in  the  King's 
Books  at  9/.  lis.;  and  was  certified  to  the 
governors  of  Queen  Ann's  bounty  at  45/.  15s.  lOel. 
The  following  ai'e  the  particulars  given  in  the 
P^alor  Ecclesiasticus,  Hen.  VIII. : — 

Egremdd  Rectoria  EccVie. 


Edmund'  Metcalffe  incumbens.    Eectoria 

p'dca.  valet  in    £      s. 

d. 

Mansione   cum  gleba   per  > 

annum                                \           ^ 

vj1 

Decim'  granos.  &  fcni  cxs.  \ 

£ 

«. 

d. 

Ian'  &agneirx.\s.  minut'/ 

>ix 

— 

vj 

&  alijs  privat'  decim'  cu.  S  viij    xv 
oblac'  ut  in  libro  paschal'  V 
xlvs.     In  tot'                    J 

J 

Eopris'  yis.  in 
Annual'  pens'   priori   See.  3 

£ 

s. 

d. 

Bege  xxijs.  sinod'  ijs.  j<^.  >  —  xxviij  vj 
pcurac'  iiij«.  \d.               ) 

Et  valet  clare 
Xma.  ps.  inde 

£ 

xxviij  vj 

s.      d. 

xij    — 
XV      ij  ob 

\\\  142G,  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary's  presented  to 
this  church.   Henry,  the  sixth  Earl  of  Northum- 


PARISH    OF    EGREMONT.  29 

berland,  who  died  without  issue,  having  given  up 
his  estates,  manors,  and  advowsons,  to  Henry 
VIII.,  Queen  Mary,  in  the  4th  and  5th  Phihp 
and  Mary,  returned  Inter  alia  the  advowson  of 
the  rectory  of  Egremont  to  his  nephew  and 
successor,  Thomas  the  seventh  Earl,  But  within 
a  few  years  from  this  period  (in  1569,)  Queen 
Ehzabeth  presented  to  this  church.  In  the  year 
1673,  the  Earl  of  Essex  and  William  Pierpont, 
Esq.  presented  ;  as  did  the  Duke  and  Duchess  of 
Somerset,  in  16S5  ;  and  the  advowson  has  since 
remained  in  the  lords  of  the  barony. 

List  of  Rectors. 

Edmund  Metcalfe,  occurs  1535. 

....  Antrobus,  occurs,  c.  1642. 

16 Halscll.* 

1673  Richard  Tickell.f 

1685  Richard  Tickell.+ 

1692  Henry  Ogle. 

1700  Thomas  Robinson. 

1737  Joseph  Ritson. 

1758  Thomas  Jameson,  ob.  1776. 

1777  Thomas  Jameson. 

1787  Nicholas  Turner. 

1789  Robert  C.  Herbert. 

Alexander  Scott,  M. A. 

1835  WilMam  Henry  Leech. 

This  church,  dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  is  a  neat 
edifice,  consisting  of  a  nave  and  chancel,  a  square 

•  Ejected,  in  1CG2,  for  nonconformity. 

t  Presented  by  tlic  Earl  of  Essex  and  William  Pierpont,  Esq. 

X  Presented  by  the  Duke  and  Duclicss  of  Somerset. 


30  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

tower  at  the  west  end,  containing  two  bells,  and 
a  vestry  on  its  north  side.  The  outer  walls  are 
plastered ;  and  the  antiquity  of  the  chiu'ch  has 
been  carefully  disguised  by  extensive  modern 
alterations.  The  north  and  south  windows  are 
square ;  supplying  the  places  of  the  narrow  lan- 
cets with  which  the  more  correct  taste  of  our 
ancestors  had  appropriately  lighted  the  church. 
On  the  north  wall  of  the  nave  is  a  row  of 
corbels,  supposed  to  mark  its  original  height: 
the  south  wall  is  four  feet  in  thickness.  The 
nave,  which  is  destitute  of  a  middle  aisle,  has 
three  galleries.  Its  eastern  end  is  almost  the 
only  part  of  the  church  which  is  not  disfigured 
by  "  the  pseudo-restorations,  the  tasteless  im- 
provements, the  wanton  and  avaricious  destruc- 
tions, and  useless,  jobbing,  re-edifications  of  the 
pi'esent  [age]."  Here,  however,  are  preserved 
four  beautiful  lancet  Avindows,  with  slender  shafts, 
and  capitals  richly  ornamented  with  a  profusion 
of  sculptured  foliage.  On  the  outside  the  mould- 
ings of  these  windows  are  enriched  with  the  tooth 
ornament.  The  chancel — a  mere  recess  with  a 
rounded  east  end — is  an  unsightly  projection  of 
a  modern  date.  The  tower  was  repaired  and 
heightened  in  1716:  it  contains  two  bells;  the 
larger  one  bears  the  date  17S8,  and  the  name  of 
the  founder ;  the  other  is  more  ancient,  and  has 
a  Latin  inscription.  There  is  a  narrow  circular 
stair-case  in  its  south-west  angle.  The  font  is  of 
stone,  and  of  an  octagonal  figure  :  it  bears  marks 
of  antiquity,  but  is  painted. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  chancel  is  a  mural 
monument  of  white  marble,  with  this  inscrip- 
tion : — 


PARISH   OF   EGREMONT.  31 

Sacred 

to  the  memory  of 

THOMAS  HARTLEY,  Esq., 

of  GUlfoot, 

•who  departed  this  life,  Jan.  IGth,  1831, 

aged  64  years. 

On  the  south  side,  a  black  marble  slab  is 
affixed  to  the  wall,  bearing  this  inscription,  partly 
defaced : — 

Mr.  JAMES  POOLE,  son  of  Rowland  Poole,  Esq.,  and  Bridget  his 
v.ife,  and  grandson  to  Sr  James  Poole,  Bart,  was  Inten'd  Nov.  '28th, 

1725,  in  the  5th  year  of  his  age.     Mary  his  sister an 

Poole 

On  the  wall  at  the  west  end  of  the  nave  is  a 
marble  monument  inscribed — 

Sacred 

to  the  memory  of 

JANE   BIRLEY, 

Late  of  Carleton  Lodge, 

■who  died  on  the  6th  day  of  September,  18.33, 

aged  47  years. 

Her  remains  were  interred  at 

St.  Nicholas's  chapel,  Whitehaven. 

She  bequeathed  by  her  wUl,  the  interest  of 

Fifty  pounds,  to  be  distributed  annually  on 

Good  Friday,  to  such  poor  inhabitanU  of  this 

Parish  as  do  not  receive  any  benefit 

from  the  Poor  Rates. 

There  is  here  also,  a  slab  inscribed  to  the 
memory  of  several  members  of  a  family  of  the 

name  of  Benson.  ,.,,-,      ,  oq 

The  rectory-house  was  rebuilt  about  Z6  years 
since  by  the  Rev.  Alexander  Scott,  M.A.,  the 
then' rector,   who   now   holds  the    rectory    of 

Bootle.  ,       ,         -  . 

At  the  east  end  of  the  church-yard  is  a  sar- 


Z2  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

cophagus,  enclosed  with  iron  rails,  on  which  is 
inscribed — 

H  .  S  .  E 

AGNES  .  SCOTT 

Quae  .  Tixit  .  annos  .  xlv 

Decessit  .  Kal  .  Mai  .  MDCCCXXXIV 

ConJTgi  .  optvmae 

Contra  .  votrm  .  posuit 

Alexander  .  Scott 

Hyi  .  Eccl  .  Min. 

The  Castle. 

The  ruins  of  this  fortress,  which  was  once  the  seat 
of  the  noble  and  potent  lords  of  the  great  barony 
of  Copeland  or  Egi-emont,  occupy  an  eminence 
about  200  yards  to  the  south-west  of  the  town. 
Some  pai'ts  of  its  walls  exhibit  indubitable  traces 
of  great  antiquity,  from  the  occasional  introduc- 
tion of  that  peculiar  kind  of  masonry  known  as 
herringbone ;  and,  "  from  the  similarity  of  its 
arrangement  to  the  grains  in  an  ear  of  com, 
sometimes  more  classically  termed,  *  spicata  tes- 
tacear* 

*  "  Herringbone  work  has  been  called  by  some  a  sign  of  earl}'  work, 
but  others  regard  it  rather  as  a  sign  of  late  Norman.  Gmldford  castle 
is  late  Norman,  and  has  a  good  deal  of  herringbone  work  in  its  walls. 
'  Opus  reticulatum'  is  occasionally  found  in  late  Norman  work,  as  at  the 
west  end  of  Rochester  cathedral.  There  is  also  another  kind  of  masonry 
sometimes  found  in  late  Norman  work,  which  appears  to  be  used  by  way 
of  ornament  (as  in  fact  is  the  '  opus  reticulatum'  J  ....  perhaps  it  may  be 
called  herringbone  ashlar." — Glossary  of  Architecture. 

"  This  kind  of  angular  masonry  is  rare  in  England,  where  it  occurs 
only  in  a  few  courses  alternating  with  horizontal  masonry,  as  in  Lincoln 
City  walls,  Ciistleton,  Colchester,  and  Guildford  Castles,  tlie  round  tower 
of  Bungay  Church,  and  the  walls  of  Cambridge  Castle.  Mr.  Essex  sayg 
*  the  age  of  this  sort  of  masonry  is  not  easily  ascertained.'    It  has  been 


PARISH   OF   EGREMONT.  33 

This  castle  was  built  about  the  conclusion  of 
the  eleventh  century,  by  Wilham  de  Meschines, 
on  whom  the  barony  of  Copeland  was  bestowed 
by  his  brother,  Ranulph,  who  had  received  a 
gi-ant  of  the  whole  county  from  Wilham  the 
Conqueror. 

From  the  extreme  paucity  of  any  recorded 
facts  connected  with  its  history,  we  can  gather 
nothing  fomiing  a  connected  narrative.  Indeed, 
it  appears  to  have  formed  a  singular  exception  to 
the  genera]  fate  of  castles  situated  so  near  the 
troubled  district  of  the  borders :  we  have  no 
account  of  any  siege  it  has  undergone  ;  nor  are 
we  informed  when  it  was  dismantled  and  ceased 
to  be  the  residence  of  the  descendants  and  suc- 
cessors of  the  noble  families  of  Seymour,  Percy, 
Multon,  Lucy,  and  Meschines.  The  successive 
lordly  possessors  of  this  castle  and  barony  are 
enumerated  in  subsequent  pages. 

Egi-emont  castle, — of  which  there  are  now  few 
remains,  but  those  indicative  of  gi'eat  strength — 
occupies  the  summit  of  a  mount  apparently  arti- 
ficial, supposed  by  Mr  Hutchinson,  in  his  Excur- 
sion to  tlie  Lakes,  to  have  been  of  Danish  origin. 
The   principal   remains   are,   a  square    tower,* 

attributed  to  that  of  the  Komans  and  Saxons.  Morant  states,  that '  the 
easternmost  wall  of  Colchester  Castle  is  built  in  the  Roman,  i.  c.  the 
herring-bone  fashion.'  Others  call  it  Roman,  for  no  better  reason  than 
because  they  sometimes  find  it  forming  part  of  edifices,  which,  from  their 
containing  Roman  bricks,  have  been  supposed  to  be  of  Roman  origin. 
It  is  probable,  however,  that  all  sucli  buildings  were  erected  by  the  Sax- 
ons, with  the  old  materials  of  the  Roman  stations  to  wliich  many  of  their 
towns  succeeded." — Gent.  Mag.,  March,  1834,  p.  270. 

•  It  is  near  the  foundation  where  the  herringbone  work  is  to  be  seen : 
there  arc  about  ten  successive  courses  of  it,  and  not  allcmating  with  ho- 
rizontal masonry. 

B 


34  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

entered  from  the  south-west  by  a  semi-circular 
archway  with  a  groined  roof;  and  a  part  of  the 
wall  which  probably  divided  the  inner  and  outer 
wards,  where  are  two  windows,  and  a  gateway 
with  grooves  for  a  portcullis,  of  a  more  recent 
date,  with  pointed  arches.  The  moat  is  still  to 
be  traced,  nearly  encircling  the  castle  ;  and  a 
stream  of  water,  by  which  it  was  formerly  sup- 
plied, flows  on  the  eastern  side.  The  site  of  the 
ancient  court-room,  in  which  were  held  the  courts 
of  the  lords  of  the  barony,  is  yet  distinguishable ; 
and  near  it  is  a  cock-pit — the  scene  of  barbarous 
sports  for  many  years,  but  now  happily  abolish- 
ed. 

This  castle  has  suffered  materially  from  wanton 
spohation  by  boys,  until  measures  were  taken  for 
its  prevention  by  the  late  Earl  of  Egremont.  In 
1739,  when  Buck's  view  of  the  castle  was  taken, 
considerable  remains  of  a  round  tower*  graced 
the  summit  of  a  hill,  on  the  north  side  of  the 
ruins,  "seventy-eight  feet  perpendicular  height 
above  the  ditch  :"  this  tower  is  mentioned  by  Mr. 
Hutchinson,  in  his  Excursion  to  the  Lakes  (1776,) 
as  having  fallen  down  "some  few  years  ago." 

•  The  round  towers  in  Ireland  and  Scotland  are  always  situated  near 
a  church,  although  detached,  and  they  unquestionably  date  from  a  very 
early  period.  Of  the  ecclesiastical  round  towers  in  Suffolk  and  Norfolk, 
Mr.  Gage  observes  (Archa;ologia,  vol.  xxiii.)  that  they  exhibit  "pure 
Norman  architecture,  or  the  Circular  style,  highly  finished  in  some,  and 
plainer  in  others,  until  it  became  more  or  less  mixed  with  the  English  or 
Pointed ;  and  with  surprise  I  found  the  early  pointed  style  prevalent  in 
a  great  many.  There  was  but  one  tower  which  I  conceived  might  rank 
higher  in  antiquity  than  the  twelfth  century,  and  that  one  not  being 
earlier  than  the  Norman  time.  None  could  properly  be  said  to  be 
doubtful  in  the  date  of  their  construction ;  though  some  were  so  mutilated 
and  altered  that  the  original  chaiacter  was  lost." 


PARISH   OF   EGREMONT. 


35 


Nicolson  and  Bum  give  no  description  of  the 
ruins  as  seen  when  they  wrote,  about  1774  ;  but, 
bv  a  strange  anachronism,  the  Messrs.  Lysons,  m 
their  Magna  Britannia  (IS  16,)  represent  con- 
siderable  portions  of  the  round  tower  as  then 
standing.  Mr.  Hutchinson  also  states,  as  above, 
(and  thTs  is  copied  by  the  compiler  of  that  Histo- 
ry of  Cumberland  to  which  that  gentleman's  name 
has  been  appended,)  that  "on  the  side  next  the 
town  a  i)ostern  is  standing." 

There  may  probably  have  been  a  Roman  station 
or  encampment  here,  as  a  Roman  road   Irom 
Element  castle  to  Cockermouth  "passed  in  a 
direct  line   through   the   Town-head    and    the 
Wood-end  estates,  in  the  parish  of  Egi-emont; 
through  the  Cleator-hall  estate,  and  close  by  the 
villa^'e  of  Cleator ;  through  the  estate  of   lod- 
holes,  in  which  it  is  now  (1815)  digging    up 
and  part  of  the  Warth  estate,  in  the  parish  ot 
Cleator;  through  the  parish  of  Arlochden  and 
township  of  Frisington  ;  through  the  parish  ot 
Lami)lugh,  and  close  by  Lamplugh  Cross  and 
Street-gate,  and  approaches  Cockemouth  in  a 
straight  line.     The  road  is  eighteen  feet  wde, 
and  formed  of  cobbles  and  freestone,  all  seemingly 
gathered  from  the  adjacent  grounds."* 

The  Barony  of  Egremont, 

Anciently  called  the  barony  of  Copeland  was 
included  in  the  grant  of  Cumberland,  by  Wilham 
the  Conciueror,  to  Ranulph  de  Meschmes  who 
bestowed  it  on  his  brother,  WiUiam  de  Meschmes, 

•   Lysons. 
E  2 


36  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

Earl  of  Cambridge.  We  have  already  stated 
(pages  2,  3,)  some  particulars  respecting  this 
barony ;  and  its  successive  lords  are  given  in  the 
following  pages. 

Lords  of  tue  Barony  of  Egremont. 
De  Meschines. 

Arms : — Or,  a  lion  rampant,  his  tail  erected,  gules. 

William  de  Meschines  received  this  barony  by  grant  from^ 
his  brother  Ranulph,  as  before  stated,  pp.  2  and  35.     He 
left,  at  his  death,  an  only  daughter,  Alice,  married  to  Robert 
de  Romley,  lord  of  the  honor  of  Skipton  in  Craven. 

De  Romley. 
Arms: — 

Robert  de  Romley,  lord  of  the  honor  of  Skipton  in  Craven, 
succeeded  to  the  lordship  of  the  barony  of  Egremont,  in 
right  of  his  wife,  Alice,  daughter  of  the  above  William  de 
Meschines.  He  had  issue  a  daughter,  Alice,  married  to 
William  Fitz-Duncan. 

Fitz-Duncan. 
Arms : — 

William  Fitz-Duncan,  Earl  of  Murray,  nephew  of  David, 
king  of  Scots,  being  the  son  of  his  brother  Duncan,  by 
Ochthreda,  his  wife,  sister  and  heiress  of  Waldieve,  son  of 
Alan,  son  of  Waldieve,  first  lord  of  AUerdale,  who  was  the 
son  of  Gospatrick,  Earl  of  Dunbar,  (see  page  2.)  William 
Fitz-Duncan  had  issue  by  the  said  Alice  his  wife,  William, 
who  died  an  infant,  and  three  daughters  coheiresses, 

1.  Cicely,  was  married  to  William  le  Gros,  Earl  of  Al- 
bemarle, and  had  issue  only  a  daughter  named  Hawise, 
who  was  married  to  three  husbands  successively ;  first, 
to  William  de  Mandevill  Earl  of  Esse.x,  to  whom  she 
had  no  child;  secondly,  to  William  deFortibus;  and 
thirdly,  to  Baldwin  Beton,  Earl  of  the  Isle  of  Wight. 


PARISH   OF   EGREMONT.  37 

To  her  second  husband,  William  de  Fortibus,  who  in 
her  right  assumed  the  title  of  Earl  of  Albemarle,  she 
had  a  son,  William  de  Fortibus,  who  had  issue  the 
third  William  de  Fortibus ;  whose  daughter  and  heir, 
Aveline,  (wife  to  Edmund  Crouchback,  brother  of 
Edward  I.)  dying  without  issue,  the  third  part  of 
William  Fitz-Duncan's  lands  (which  was  Skipton  in 
Craven)  came  to  the  king's  hands,  and  by  king  Edward 
II.  was  granted  to  Robert  de  Clifford,  in  exchange 
for  the  Clillbrd's  lands  in  the  county  of  Monmouth, 
in  whose  posterity  it  still  remains. 

2.  Amabil,  the  seconddaughter  of  William  Fitz  Duncan, 
had  for  her  part  of  the  inheritance  this  barony  of 
Egremont ;  and  was  married  to  Reginald  Lucy,  of 
whom  hereafter,  as  lord  of  Egremont. 

3.  Alice,  third  daughter  and  coheiress  of  William  Fitz 
Duncan,  was  married  to  Gilbert  Pippard,  who  was 
justice-itinerant  in  Wiltshire  in  the  23rd  Hen.  IT., 
and  afterwards  was  married  to  Robert  Courtney;  but 
had  no  issue  of  her  body :  wherefore  her  part  of 
her  father's  inheritance  (which  was  the  liberty  of 
Cockerraouth,  Aspatric,  and  the  barony  of  Aller- 
dale  below  Derwent)  was  divided  between  the  Earl 
of  Albemarle  her  eldest  sister's  husband,  and  Richard 
de  Lucy  her  other  sister's  son.  And  so  it  contiuued 
divided  until  the  eldest  sister's  issue  was  extinguished 
by  the  death  of  Aveline  aforesaid,  daughter  of  the 
last  William  de  Fortibus;  after  whose  death,  all  the 
Romley's  lands,  both  above  and  below  Derwent,  came 
wholly  to  the  heirs  of  Reginald  Lucy  and  Amabil 
Romley  his  wife,  second  daughter  to  the  said  William 
Fitz  Duncan. 

Lucy. 

.Arms: — Gules,  three  lucies,  hauriant,  argent. 

Reginald  Lucy,  whose  parentage  Dugdale  declares  his 
inability  to  discover,  married,  as  stated  above,  Amabil  Fitz- 
Duncan.  During  the  rebellion  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  II.,  he  was  governor  of  Nottingham  for  the 
king;  and  he  was  present  at  the  coronation  of  Richard  I.  By 
his  wife,  Amabil,  he  had  issue,  his  successor, 

Richard  Lucy,  who  granted  the   charter  to  the  burgcs- 


38  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

ses  of  Egremont  (see  page  24).  In  the  1st  of  King  John  he 
paid  a  fine  to  the  crown  of  three  hundred  marks  for  hvery  of 
his  lands,  and  licence  to  marry  with  whom  he  should  think 
proper.  In  four  years  afterwards,  he  paid  five  marks  and 
one  palfrey  to  the  king,  that  he  might  have  jurors  to  inquire 
what  customs  and  services  his  tenants  had  used  to  perform, 
and  to  do,  him  and  his  ancestors  for  their  lands  in  Coupland. 
And  the  same  year  he  obtained  a  grant  from  the  king  to 
himself  and  Ada,  his  wife,  daughter  and  coheir  of  Hugh  de 
Morvill,  of  the  forestership  of  Cumberland.  The  next  year 
he  paid  nine  hiuidred  marks,  and  five  palfreys,  to  have  livery 
of  the  property  of  the  said  Ada,  and  to  enjoy  the  forestership 
of  Cumberland  as  amply  as  Hugh  de  Morvill  had  it,  without 
any  partition  whatsoever. 

He  died  on  or  before  the  15th  of  King  John,  for  then  Ada, 
his  widow,  gave  a  fine  of  five  hundred  marks  for  livery  of 
her  inheritance  ;  as  also  for  her  dowry  of  his  lands,  and  that 
she  might  not  be  compelled  to  marry  again.  She  espoused 
without  compulsion,  however,  and  without  the  king's  licence, 
Thomas  de  Multon,  in  consequence  of  which  the  castle  of 
Egrement,  and  her  other  lands,  were  seized  by  the  crown. 
But  upon  paying  a  compensation  they  were  restored,  and  she 
had  livery  of  them  again.  Her  first  husband,  Richard  de 
Lucy,  left  two  daughters,  his  coheirs,  who  became  wards  to 
her  second  husband,  on  his  payment  of  1000  marks  to  the 
crown,  and  were  married  to  his  sons. 

Araabil  espoused  the  eldest  son,  Lambert,  and  conveyed 
to  him  the  lordship  of  Egremont ;  Alice  was  married 
to  the  younger,  Alan,  and  their  son,  Thomas  de  Mul- 
ton, assumed  the  surname  of  his  maternal  family,  and 
was  ancestor  of  the  barons  Lucy  of  Cockermouth. 

Multon. 

Arms: — Argent,  three  bars  gules. 

Thomas  de  Multon,  lord  of  Multon,  co.  Lincoln,  before 
his  marriage  with  Ada,  widow  of  the  above  Richard  Lucy, 
in  the  17th  King  John,  being  in  arms  with  the  rebellious 
barons,  was  taken  prisoner  and  confined  in  Corfe  castle  ; 
but  on  the  accession  of  Henry  III.  he  obtained  his  liberty 
and  restitution  of  his  lands.  Three  years  after  his  marriage, 
he  paid  100/.  fine  to  the  king,  and  one  palfrey  for  the  office 
of  forester  of  Cumberland,  it  being  the  inheritance  of  Ada, 


PARISH   OF   EGREMONT. 


39 


his  wife.     In  the  1 7th  of  Henry  III.,  he  was  sheriff  of  Cum- 
berland, and  remained  in  office  for  several  succeeding  years 
Moreover,  he  was  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  kmg  s  Court  ot 
the  Common  Pleas,  from  the  8th  Henry  TIL,  and  a  justice 
itinerant  for  divers  years,  from  the  9th  of  the  same  reign 

Matthew  I'aris  says  of  him,  "In  his  youth  he  was  a  stout 
soldier,  afterwards  very  wealthy,  and  learned  m  the  laws ; 
but  overmuch  coveting  to  enlarge  his  possessions,  which  lay 
contiguous  to  those  of  the  monks  of  Crowland,  he  did  them 
great  wrong  in  many  respects."  .  .    i       „j 

By  his  fi?st  wife he  had  issue  as  above  stated  ;  and 

the  issue  of  his  second  marriage  were— 

Thomas,  ancestor  of  the  Multons  of  Gilsland;  ana 
Julian,  married  to  Robert  le  Vavasour. 

He  died  in  1240,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son, 

Lambert  de  Multon,  who,  as  before  stated,  married  Ama- 
bil  eldest  daughter  and  coheiress  of  Richard  Lucy.  In  the 
vear  1216,  he  obtained  an  extraordinary  privilege  from  the 
pope,  that  no  one  should  have  the  power  to  excommunicate 
h°m  but  by  a  special  mandate  from  his  holiness.  But  he 
To  had  this  liberty,  says  Matthew  Pans,  to  sin  vv.thout 
punishment,  and  to  do  injury  to  others,  ridmg  with  rich 
Kpn^s  very  proudly,  from  a  trial  at  law  no  sooner 
1  ightel  from  his  horse,  but  (meritmg  ^od's  judgmcn  was 
suddenly  smitten  with  a  grievous  disease,  of  wluch  falling  to 
the  ground,  he  died  before  his  spurs  could  be  taken  off, 
bcini  then  at  his  house  at  Multon,  in  Lincolnshire.  By  his 
fi?st  wife  he  had  a  son,  Thomas,  his  successor.     He  espoused 

econd ly,  Ida,  widow  of  GeollVey  de  Oilli,  but  had  no  issue. 
His  death  occurred  in  1247,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  his 


son, 


Thomas  de  Multon,  designated  "  of  Egremont;  who  in 
the  49th  Henry  HI.,  was  in  arms  against  his  sovereign.  In 
the  22nd  Edward  I.,  he  had  a  grant  of  free  warren  in  all  his 

demesne  lands  at  Egremont.     I  le  nwricd and  dying 

in  1294,  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  ihomas. 

Thomas  de  Multon,  son  and  heir,  was  summoned  to  par- 
liament from  27th  Edward  I.,  1299,  to  14th  Edward  II., 
1320  after  the  1st  Edward  II.  with  the  addition  of  "de 
Tcrrpmund  "  He  was  previously  summoned  in  tlie  ioin 
E&d  I.  •  but,  says  Nicolas,  it  is  doubtful  if  that  writ  was 
a  regular  summons  to  parliament.     He  was  much  engaged 


40  ALLERDALE   WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

in  the  Scottish  wars.     Lord  Multon  died  in  1322,  and  was 
succeeded  by 

John  de  Multon,  son  and  heir,  second  baron,  who  was 
summoned  to  parliament  from  6th  Edward  III.,  1332,  to  8th 
Edward  III.,  1334,  as  "  Johanni  de  Multon."  He  married 
Annabel,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Laurence  de  Holbeche ; 
but  dying  without  issue,  in  1 334,  his  estates,  including  the 
manors  of  Thurstaneston,  in  Suffolk,  and  Egrcmout  and 
Cockermouth,  in  Cumberland,  were  divided  amongst  his 
three  sisters,  thus,  viz. — 

Joane,  wife  of  Robert,  Baron  Fitz-Walter,  had  for  her 
share  the  castle  of  Egremont,  with  the  third  part  of 
that  manor,  and  the  third  part  of  other  manors. 
Elizabeth,  married  to  Robert,  eldest  son  of  Sir  John 
de  Harrington,  of  Harrington,  knight,*  ("oi.  v.p.jhad 
certain    lands  at  Gosforth,  parcel  of  the  manor  of 
Egremont,  and  a  proportion  of  other  manors. 
Margaret,  married  Thomas,  Lord  Lucy,  had    certain 
lands  in  Cumberland,  and  parcel  of  the  manor  of  Egre- 
mont, besides  a  proportion  of  other  estates. 
Among  their  descendants  and  representatives,  the  barony 
of  Multon,  of  Egremont,  is  now  in  abeyance.     Thus,   says 
Mr.  John  Denton,  "this  barony  was  broken  into  parts,  which 
from  the  conquest  had  continued  entire,  except  Lowes-water, 
and  the  lands  between  Cocker  and  Derwent,  and  the  five 
towns  granted  to  Waldeof,  as  aforesaid ;  but  now  of  late,  it 
is  re-united  by  the  Earls  of  Northumberland,  who  are  lords 
thereof,  by  gift  and  purchase  but  not  by  descent  from  any 
of  the  coheirs." 

Thomas,  Lord  Lucy,  second  baron,  who  married  one  of 
the  sisters  and  coheiresses  of  the  last  male  heir  of  the  Mul- 
tons  of  Egremont,  as  stated  above,  had  issue  by  her, 
Anthony,  who  succeeded  as  third  baron. 
Maud,  or  Matilda,  who  was  twice  married ;  firstly,  to 
Gilbert  de  Umfraville,  Earl  of  Angus;  who  died  s.p. ; 
and  secondly,  to  Henry  Percy,  first  Earl  of  Northum- 
berland.    Upon  the  marriage  of  this  lady,  then  sole 
heiress  of  the  Barons  Lucy,  with  the  Earl  of  Northum- 
berland, it  was  stipulated  that  the  castle  and  honor  of 
Cockermouth,  part   of  her   inheritance,   should  be 
settled  upon  the  earl  and  herself,  and  the  heirs  male 

•  Kicolas  and  Buike  say,  Walter  de  Beimichan. 


PARISH   OF   EGREMOXT.  41 

of  tlieir  two  bodies;  failing  which,  upon  the  heirs  of 
ber  bod)' ;  and  in  case  she  should  die  without  issue, 
then  upon  Henry,  Lord  Percy,  the  carl's  son  and  heir 
by  his  first  wife,  and  the  heirs  male  of  his  body,  upon 
condition  that  the  said  Henry  and  his  heirs  male 
should  bear  the  arms  of  Percy  quarterly  with  the 
arms  of  Lucy,  viz.  "gules,  three  lucios,  ar.,"  in  all 
shields,  banners,  ice.  The  said  Maud  died  without 
issue. 
Thomas,  Lord  Lucy,  died  in  1365,  and  was  succeeded  by 
his  sou  Anthony, 

Anthony,  Lord  Lucy,  tliird  and  last  baron,  was  never 
summoned  to  parliament.  He  was  joined  with  Roger  de 
Clill'ord  in  the  guardianship  of  "the  marches  towards  Cum- 
berland and  Westmorland."  He  died  in  1368,  leavinj;  by 
Joane,  his  wife,  widow  of  William,  Lord  Greystoke,  an  infant 
daughter  who  died  in  the  following  year,  when  the  above 
^laud.  Countess  of  Angus,  succeeded  to  the  barony  of  Lucy 
and  the  honor  of  Cockermouth,  with  the  other  estates. 

Percy. 

Arms : — Quarterly,  four  grand  quarters:  first  and  fourth, 
or,  a  lion  rampant,  az.  (being  the  ancient  arms  of  the  Duke 
q/' Brabant  and  Lovciin  ;)  second  and  third,  gu.  three  lucies, 
or  pikes,  haurient,  ar.  for  Lticy  :  second  grand  quarter,  az. 
five  fusils,  in  fesse,  or,  for  Pcrci/ ;  third,  gu.  on  a  saltier, 
ar.  a  rose  of  the  field,  barbed  and  seeded  proper  for  ^M'tvYfc.- 
fourth,  quarterly  gu.  and  or,  in  the  first  quarter  a  mullet  ar. 
for  P''crc. 

Crest: — On  a  chapeau  gules,  a  lion  passant  azure. 

Supitorters: — On  the  dc.\ter  side,  a  lion  azure;  on  the 
sinister,  an  unicorn  argent,  collared  gobone,  or  and  azure. 

Motto : — Esperance  en  Dieu. 

The  illustrious  family  of  Percy,  says  Burke,*  is  descended 
from  one  of  the  Norman  chieftains  (William  de  Percy)  who 
accompanied  William  the  Conqueror  into  England  in  1066; 
and  it  derivi's  its  name  from  the  village  of  Percy,  near  Ville- 
dieu.  The  family  of  Percy,  of  Normandy,  deduced  its  pedi- 
gree from  Geoffrey,  (son  of  Maiufred,  a  Danish  chicdain,) 

•  Extinct  Peerage. 
F 


42  ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

who  assisted  Rollo,  in  912,  in  subjugating  that  principality, 
and  aquiring  considerable  possessions  there. 

Henry  Percy,  fourth  Lord  Percy  of  Alnwick,  Earl  Marshal, 
was  advanced  to  the  Earldom  of  Northumberland,  on  the 
day  of  the  coronation  of  Richard  II.  in  1377  ;  and  was  made 
K.G.  in  the  7th  Richard  II.  He  was  appointed  Lord  High 
Constable  for  life,  in  1399.  By  his  first  wife,  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Ralph,  Lord  Nevill  of  Raby,  he  had  issue, 

Sir  Henry,  K.G.  the  gallant  and  renowned  Hotspur, 
who  married  Philippa,  daughter  of  Edmund  Mortimer, 
Earl  of  March.  Ho  fell  at  the  battle  of  Shrewsbury, 
in  1403,  during  the  life-time  of  his  father,  leaving 
issue, 

Henry,  who  succeeded  as  second  Earl. 
Elizabeth,  married  firstly,  to  John  Lord  Cliffoid  ; 
and  secondly  to  Ralph  Nevill,  second  Earl  of 
Westmorland. 
Sir  Thomas,  who  married  a  daughter  and  coheiress  of 

the  Earl  of  Athol. 
Sir  Ralph,  who  married  the   other   daughter  and   co- 
heiress. 
Alan. 
Margaret. 
The  Earl  married  secondly,  Maud,  sister  and  heiress  of 
Anthony,  Lord  Lucy,  as  stated  above.     Some  years  after- 
wards, however,  being  proclaimed  a  traitor,  and  his  lands 
declared  forfeited  by  King  Richard,  his  lordship,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  his  son,  Sir  Henry  Percy,  surnamed  Hotspur,  and 
Henry,  Duke  of  Lancaster,  accomplished  the  dethronement 
of  that  monarch,  and  placed  the  crown  upon  the  head  of 
Henry  Duke  of  Lancaster,  under  the  title  of  Henry  IV. 

The  Earl  of  Northumberland  fell  (in  1407-8)  in  arms 
against  that  king  in  assisting  to  place  whom  on  the  throne  he 
had  been  so  eminently  conspicuous ;  when  his  honors  became 
forfeited  under  an  attainder,  but  wore  restored  in  1414,  to 
his  grandson,  only  son  of  the  valiant  Hotspur. 

Henry  Percy,  second  Earl  of  Northumberland,  married 
the  lady  Eleanor  Nevill,  widow  of  Richard,  Lord  Spencer, 
and  daughter  of  Ralph  Nevill,  first  Earl  of  Westmorland, 
K.G.  His  lordship  was  made  Lord  High  Constable  by 
Henry  VI. ;  he  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Agincourt;  and 
fell  at  St.  Albans,  23rd  May,  1455,  fighting  under  the  banner 
of  that  monarch.  Of  the  issue  of  this  Earl  the  following 
curious  account  is  given  in  a  MS.  in  the  British  Museum, 


PARISH    OF   EGREMONT. 


43 


stated  to  be  extracted  "Ex  Registro  Monastery  de  Whit- 
7„,e."_"OfthisAlianorhiswite,he  begat  IX  sonncs  and 
III  daughters,  ^vhose  names  be  Johanne,  that  is  buried  at 
Whitbye;  Thomas  (created)  Lord  Egremont;  Kathcyne 
Gray,  of  Euthyn,  (wife  of  Edmund  Lord  Gray,  afterwards 
Earl  of  Kent) ;  Sir  Kaffc  Percy ;  Wilham  Percy,  a  byshopp*  ; 
Richard  Percy;  John,  that  dyed  without  issue;  another 
John  (called  hy  Vince;it,  in  his  MS.  baronage  m  the  herald's 
office',  John  PerV,  senior',  of  Warkworth) ;  George  Percy 
clerk-  Henry,  that  dyed  without  issue;  besides  the  eldest 
sonne'and  successor,  Henry ,  third  Erie  of  Northumberland." 
He  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  survivmg  son, 

Henry  Percy,  third  Earl,  who  had  married  Eleanor, 
daughter  and  solo  heiress  of  Richard  Poynings,  who  died  in 
the  life-time  of  his  father.  Lord  Poynings  ;  by  which  marriage, 
the  baronies  of  Poynings,Fitzpayne,  and  Bryan,  came  in  o 
the  family  of  Percy  ;  and  Sir  Henry  Percy  was  summoned  to 
parliament,  while  his  father,  theEarlof  Northumberland,  yet 
ived,  (■29th  Henry  VI.,)  as  Baron  Poynmgs.  His  ordship 
fell  leading  the  van  of  the  Lancastrians,  sword  in  hand  at 
the' battle  of  Towton,  on  the  29th  March,  1461,  and  his 
honors  became  subsequently  forfeited,  by  an  act  of  attainder, 
but  were  restored  to  his  only  son, 

Henrv  Percy,  fourth  Earl,  K.G.  who  was  confined  in  the 
Tower  from  the  death  of  his  father  until  \\G9,  when  he  was 
restored  to  his  freedom  and  dignity.  He  married  Maud, 
daughter  of  the  Lord  Herbert,  and  had  issue  iour  sons  and 
three  daughters.  He  was  slain  in  a  not  at  his  house  at  Cox- 
lodge,  CO  York,  28th  April,  1489,  having  rendered  himself 
unpopular  by  the  discharge  of  his  duties  as  ord  lieutenant  of 
the  county  in  levying  a  tax  for  the  king's  service.  His 
lordship  was  buried  at  Beverley,  and  was  succeeded  by  his 
eldest  son, 

Henry-Algernon  Percy,  fifth  earl,  K.G  ,  who  married 
Catherine,  daughter  and  coheiress  of  Sir  Kobert  Spencer, 
Kn  tof  Spencer-Combe,  Devon,  by  Eleanor,  his  wife, 
daugl^tcr,  and  at  length  coheir,  of  Edmund  Beaufort,  Duke 
of  Somerset,  by  whom  he  had  issue, 

Ilcnrti,  his  successor.  .  „^ ,  tt 

Thomas  (Sir) ,  executed  for  Ask's  conspiracy,  29th  Henry 
Vni.,  leaving  two  sons, 

•  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  1452—1462. 
'  F   2 


44  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Thomas,  ?   successively    Earls    of   Northumbcr- 
Henrij,     \       land. 
Ingelram  (Sir). 

Margaret,  married  to  Heury  Cliflford,  first  Earl  of  Cum- 
berland. 
Maud,  married  to  Lord  Coniers. 
His  lordship  died  ia  1527,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest 
sou, 

Henry-Algernon  Percy,  sixth  earl,  K.G.  This  nobleman 
married  Mary,  daughter  of  George  Talbot,  Earl  of  Shrews- 
bury;  but  dying  without  issue,  in  1537,  and  his  brother,  Sir 
Thomas  Percy,  having  been  previously  attainted  and  executed, 
all  the  honors  of  the  family  became  forfeited,  and  the  Duke- 
dom of  Northumberland  was  conferred  by  King  Edward  VI., 
upon  John  Dudley,  Earl  ol  Warwick;  but  that  nobleman 
having  forfeited  his  life  and  honors,  by  treason  against  Queen 
Mary,  in  1553,  her  majesty  was  pleased  to  advance,  by  letters 
patent, 

Thomas  Percy,  seventh  earl,  K.G.  son  of  the  attainted 
Sir  Thomas  Percy  (second  son  of  the  fifth  Earl.)  He  was 
created  by  letters-patent,  bearing  date  30th  April,  1557, 
Baron  Percy,  of  Cockermouth  and  Petworth,  Baron  Poyn- 
ings,  Lucy,  Bryan,  and  Fitz-Payne;  and  on  the  following 
day  Earl  of  Northumberland.  His  lordship  married  Anne, 
daughter  of  Henry  Somerset,  second  Earl  of  AVorccster,  by 
whom  he  had  issue.  He  was  made  Lord  Warden  of  the 
marches ;  but  being  concerned  in  the  rebellion  with  the  Earl 
of  Westmorland,  he  was  attainted  in  1571,  and  beheaded  at 
York,  in  the  following  year. 

Henry  Percy,  eighth  carl,  brother  and  heir,  succeeded, 
notwithstanding  the  attainder  of  his  brother,  in  consequence 
of  the  special  entail  to  him  in  the  patent.  He  married 
Katherine,  eldest  daughter  and  coheiress  of  John  Nevill, 
Baron  Latimer,  by  whom  he  had  a  numerous  family.  He 
remained  loyal  during  the  defection  of  his  brother,  but  falling 
under  suspicion  of  favouring  the  cause  of  Mary,  Queen  of 
Scots,  he  was  confined  in  the  Tower,  where  he  was  found 
dead  in  his  bed,  having  been  shot  through  the  heart,  21st 
June,  1585. 

Henry  Percy,  ninth  earl,  K.G.,  son  and  heir,  married 
Dorothy,  sister  of  the  Earl  of  Essex,  and  widow  of  Sir 
Thomas  Perrot,  knight,  by  whom  he  had  issue.     Although 


PAHISH   OF   EGREMONT.  45 

he  was  a  Protestant,  yet  having  a  kinsman,  Henry  Percy, 
concerned  in  the  gunpowder  plot,  he  fell  under  suspicions  of 
treason,  and,  like  his  predecessor,  was  confined  in  the  Tower, 
and  sentenced  to  pay  a  fine  of  30,000/.  By  a  singular  coin- 
cidence, his  death  occurred  on  the  anniversary  of  the  day 
which  had  cost  him  so  much  trouble, — 3th  November,  1632. 

Algernon  Percy,  tenth  earl,  K.G.,  son  and  heir,  succeeded 
his  father,  lie  was  twice  married  ;  firstly,  to  Anne,  daugh- 
ter of  William  Cecil,  Earl  of  Salisbury,  and  secondly,  to  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  Theophilus  Howard,  Earl  of  Suffolk,  the 
mother  of  his  heir,  and  through  whom  he  became  possessed 
of  Northumberland  House,  Charing  Cross,  built  by  Henry 
Howard,  Earl  of  Northampton.  His  lordship  died,  13th 
October,  1668,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  only  son, 

Josceline  Percy,  eleventh  earl,  who  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Wriothesley,  Earl  of  Southampton,  by 
wliom  he  had  an  only  daughter,  Elizabeth.  The  earl  died, 
21st  May,  1G70,  aged  26. 

The  Lady  Elizabeth  Percy,  his  solo  daughter  and  heiress, 
married,  1682,  Charles  Seymour,  sixth  duke  of  Somerset,  of 
whom  hereafter. 

Seymour. 

ArnU: — Quarterly,  first  and  fourth,  or,  on  a  pile  gules 
between  six  fleur-de-lis,  az.  three  lions  of  England,  (being 
the  coat  of  augmentation,  granted  by  Henry  VUI.,  on  his 
marriage  with  Jane  Seymour,)  second  and  third  gu.  two 
wings  conjoined  in  lure,  tips  downwards,  or. 

Charles  Seymour,  sixth  Duke  of  Somerset,  K.G.,  married 
the  sole  heiress  of  the  last  Earl  of  Northumberland,  by 
whom  he  had  issue, 

Algernon,  who  was  summoned,  on  the  death  of  his 
mother,  as  Baron  Percy,  and  afterwards  succeeded  as 
Duke  of  Somerset. 

^^^V     \  died  unmarried. 
Charles,  S 

Elizabeth,  married  to  Henry  O'Brien,  Earl  of  Thomond, 

oh.  s.  p. 
Katherine,  married  to  Sir  William  Wyndham,  Bart., 

and  had  issue, 


46  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

Charles,  second  Earl  of  Egremont,  of  whom  here- 

after. 
Percy  O'Brien,  created  Earl  of  Thomond,  who 
died  unmarried. 
Frances,  died  unmarried. 

Anne,  married  Peregrine  Osborn,  Marquess  of  Carirar- 
then,  and  afterwards  Duke  of  Leeds. 
The  Duke  married  secondly,  Charlotte,  daughter  of  Daniel 
Finch,  Earl  of  Winchelsea,  and  had  two  daughters, 

Frances,    married    to  John  Manners,   the   celebrated 
Marquess  of  Granby,  and  was  mother  of  Charles, 
fourth  Duke  ol  Rutland. 
Charlotte,  married  Heneage  Finch,  Earl  of  Aylesford. 
His  Grace  who  was  known  as  "  the  proud  Duke,"  died  in 
1748,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son, 

Algernon  Seymour,  seventh  Duke,  who  married  Frances 
Thynne,  grand-daughter  of  Thomas,  first  Viscount  Wey- 
mouth, by  whom  he  had  issue, 

Elizabeth,  married  to  Sir  Hugh  Smithson,  Bart.,  after- 
wards   created    Duke    of   Northumberland,    K.G., 
grand-father  of  the  present  Duke, 
George,  who  died  vita  patris,  unmarried. 
On  the  2nd  October,  1749,  he  was  created  Baron  "VVark- 
worth  and  Earl  of  Northumberland,  with  remainder  to  his 
son-in-law.  Sir  Hugh  Smithson,  Bart,  aforesaid;    and  the 
next  day,  he  was  created  Baron  Cockermouth  and  Earl  of 
Egremont,  with  remainder  to  the  sons  (Charles  and  Percy, 
aforesaid)  of  his  sister  the  Lady  Katherine  Wyndham.     He 
died  7th  February,  1750,  when  the  Dukedom  of  Somerset 
descended  to  the  heir-male,  Edward,  and  the  Earldoms    of 
Egremont  and  Northumberland,  according  to  their  respective 
limitations. 

Wyndlutm. 

Arms. — Azure,  a  chevron,  between  three  lions'  heads, 
erased,  or. 

Crest: — A  lion's  head,  erased,  within  a  fetterlock,  or. 

SujfjJOrters : — On  the  dexter  side,  a  lion  rampant  azure, 
winged  invertedly  or ;  on  the  sinister  side,  agriphon,  argent, 
gutte  de  sang. 

Motto : — Au  Ion  droit. 

The  family  of  Wyndham,  which  is  traced  back  to  the  time 


PARISH   OF   EGREMONT.  47 

of  the  Conquest,  is  of  Saxon  origin.  Ailwardus  de  Wymond- 
ham,  being  possessed  of  lands  at  Wymondham,  now  Wynd- 
ham,  CO.  Norfolk,  soon  after  that  period  assumed  that  surname 
from  his  possessions. 

On  the  death  of  Algernon,  seventh  Duke  of  Somerset, 
who  was  created  Earl  of  Egremont  and  Baron  Cockermouth, 
which  occurred  7th  February,  1750,  those  titles  devolved  on 

Charles  'Wyndham,  second  earl,  son  of  Sir  William  Wynd- 
ham,  third  Baronet,  M.P.  (Master  of  the  Buck  Hounds  to 
Queen  Anne,  and  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  1713,)  by 
his  wife,  Katherine,  daughter  of  Charles,  sixth  Duke  of 
Somerset.  Sir  William  died  17th  July,  1740.  Ilislordship 
was  bom  in  1710;  was  Secretary  of  State,  1761  ;  and  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Cumberland  and  Sussex.  He  married  l'2th 
March,  1751,  Almeria,  sister  of  George  Carpenter,  first  Earl 
of  Tyrconnel  and  by  her  (who  remarried  in  1767,  Count 
Bruhl,  of  Saxony,  and  died  \79iJ  had  issue, 
George  O'  Bricn,  his  successor. 
Elizabeth  Alicia  ^laria,  married  Henry  Herbert,  first 

Earl  of  Carnarvon. 
Frances,  married  Charles  Marsham,  first  Earl  of  Romney. 
Percy  Charles. 

Charles  William,  married,  firstly,  Anne  Barbara  Fran- 
ces, daughter  of  George  Bussey  Villiers,  fourth  Earl 
of  Jersey,  and  widow  of  William  Henry  Lambton, 
Esq. 
William  Frederick,  married  firstly,  Frances  Hartford, 
daughter  of  Frederick  Calvert,  Lord  Baltimore ; 
and  secondly,  Julia  de  Smorsewski,  Countess  de  Spy- 
terki :  by  the  first  marriage  he  had  issue, 

George  Francis,  captain  ll.N.married  Jane,  daugh- 
ter of  the  Rev.  William  Roberts,  Vice-Provost 
of  Eton  College. 
Frances,  married  William  Aliller,  Esq. 
Laura,  married  the  Rev.  Charles  Boultbee. 
This  Earl,  while  a  commoner,  represented  the  borough  of 
Cockermouth    in    one   parliament,   chosen  21st  George  II. 
On  the  30th  April,  1751,  his  lordship  took  the  oaths  before 
the   king,   at   St.  James',  as   Lord-Lieutenant  and  Custos- 
Rotulorum  of  the  county  of  Cumberland. 

His  lordship  died  21st  August,  1763,  and  was  succeeded 
in  his  titles  by  his  son, 

George  O'Brien  Wyndham,  third  Earl,  F.R.S.  and  F.S.A. 


48  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

who  was  born,  18th  December,  1751,  and  educated  at  Eton. 
His  majesty  George  II.  was  sponsor  at  his  baptism. 

On  the  death  of  Charles,  Duke  of  Eichmond,  his  lordship 
was  appointed  Lord-Lieutenant  of  Sussex,  6th  November, 
1819.  He  executed  that  important  office  until,  in  1835,  his 
increasing  infirmities  compelled  him  to  resign  it.  Duruig  the 
two  following  years,  his  health  rapidly  declined,  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  the  advanced  age  of  85,  11th  No- 
vember, 1837,  at  Petworth.  His  lordship's  remains  were 
deposited  on  the  21st,  in  a  vault  built  by  himself  at  Petworth. 
The  Earl  of  Egremont  was  distinguished  no  less  for  the 
princely  style  of  magnificence  in  which  his  correct  taste 
patronized  the  fine  arts,  than  for  the  countless  acts  of  charity 
and  liberality  which  brought  down  upon  him  the  blessings  of 
the  needy  living  in  the  neighbourhood  of  his  palace — the 
"  princely  Petworth,"  described  as  "  the  temple  of  the  noblest 
productions  of  genius,  of  whatever  the  scholar,  the  sculptor, 
and  the  painter  could  produce."  Had  he  not  been  possessed 
of  a  splendid  fortune,  with  a  rental,  of  late  years,  of  81,000/. 
per  annum,  his  liberal  spirit  could  not  have  derived  enjoy- 
ment from  dispensing  during  the  last  sixty  years  of  his  life 
the  immense  sum  of  1,200,000/.  in  acts  of  charity  and  libe- 
rality. 

By   a  lady,  now  deceased,  who  bore  the  name  of  Mrs. 

Wyndham,  (daughter  of  the  Rev lliff,  of  Westminster 

school,)  the  Earl  had  issue, 

George,  a  Colonel  in  the  army. 

Henry,  a  Major-Geueralinthearmy,  of  whom  hereafter, 
as  lord  of  Egremont. 

Charles,  a  Colonel  in  the  army. 

Frances,  married  to  Sir  Charles  Merrick  Burrell,  Bart., 
and  has  issue. 

Mary,  married  to  George,  Earl  of  Munster,  eldest  son 
of  his  late  Majesty,  William  IV.,  and  has  issue. 

. . . . ,  married  to  John  King,  Esq. 
The  Earl  left  by  will,  Petworth,  and  the  adjoining  estates, 
to  Colonel  George  W^yndham,  his  lordship's  eldest  son ;  the 
Cumberland  estates,  to  Major-General  Wyndham,  the  second 
son  ;  to  Colonel  Charles  Wyndham,  the  youngest  son,  the 
whole  of  his  funded  property,  amounting  to  about  220,000/. 
To  each  of  his  daughters  he  left  45,000/. 

An  excellent  portrait  of  the  noble  Earl,  is  engraved  in 
mezzotinto,  by  Reynolds,  from  a  painting  by  T.  Phillips, 
Esq.,  R.A. ;  a  smaller  copy  of  the  same  is  in  Fisher's  "  Na- 
tional Portrait  Gallery." 


PARISH   OF   EGREMONT.  49 

The  present  Earl,  George  Francis,  his  lordship's  nephew, 
being  the  son  of  the  Hon.  Frederick  William  Wyndham, 
(see  p.  47,  born  30th  August,  1785,)  succeeded  to  the  old 
family  estate  of  Orchard-Wyndham,  co.  Somerset,  and  others 
in  Cornwall  and  Devonshire.* 

Major-General  Henry  Wyndham,  second  son  of  George, 
third  Earl  of  Egremont,  succeeded,  on  the  death  of  his 
father,  in  1837,  to  the  lordship  of  the  barony  of  Egremont, 
and  the  honor  of  Cockennouth,  with  other  his  estates  in 
Cumberland.  General  Wyndham  is  one  of  that  annually- 
decreasing  number  of  field-officers  who  were  present  at  the 
brilliant  achievements  which  have  immortalized  the  field  of 
Waterloo.  His  Cumberland  residence  is  Cockermouth 
castle — a  baronial  fortress  supposed  to  have  been  built 
soon  after  the  Conquest, — the  seat  of  the  lords  of  Allerdale, 
and  whose  history  is  closely  connected  with  that  of  Egre- 
mont, having  been  possessed  by  William  de  Meschines, 
Fitz-i)uncan,  the  Lucys,  the  Multons,  the  Percys,  the 
Seymours,  and  the  Wyndhams. 

Charities. 

The  National  School. — This  school,  which  is 
chiefly  supported  by  voluntary  subscriptions, 
affords  education  to  about  65  children.  The 
present  master  is  l\Ir.  John  Walker.  It  has  an 
endowment  of  about  3/.  per  annum. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Benn's  Chariti/, — The  Rev. 
Thomas  Benn,  who  died  vicar  of  Milloni,  in  17 13, 
becjueathed  the  interest  of  251.  to  be  given  in 
bread  to  the  poor,  in  the  parish  church  of  Egre- 
mont ;  this  charity,  however,  is  now  lost. 

Mm.  Jane  Birley's  Chanty. — Mrs.  Jane  Birley, 
ofCarleton  Lodge,  who  died  in   1833,  left  by 

•  For  the  above  particulars  respecting  the  late  Earl  of  Egremont  I  am 
mainly  indebted  to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Jan.  1838  ;  tlic  peerages 
of  Collins,  Sharpe,  and  Burke,  have  supplied  great  portions  uf  the  pedi- 
grees of  the  former  families. 

G 


50  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERVVENT. 

>vill  the  interest  of  50/.  to  be  distributed  annually 
on  Good  Friday  to  the  poor  of  the  parish  who 
are  not  receiving  parochial  relief. 


ri)e  Warieft  of  (JTUator. 

HE  parish  of  Cleator,— 
;  anciently  called  Kekejl- 
terr,  from  the  rivulet  Ke- 
]^el], — extends  about  three 
miles  from  north  to  south, 
and  one  and  a  half  from 

\m:^^Y.^/^jmMM.  ^^'^^  ^^  ^'^^*"  ^^  adjoins 
(^^Jf^^^^S^  the  parishes  of  St.  Bees, 
^^^^^^^^^m  Egremont,  and  Arlecdon, 
^^^^^M^  and  the  chapelry  of  Enner- 
dale  This  parish  claims  (with  Egremont)  an 
extensive  right  of  common  on  Dent  Hill— an 
eminence  on  the  opposite  or  left  bank  ol  tlie 

A^Roman  road,  from  Egremont  castle  to 
Cockermouth,  passed  through  the  Cleator  hall 
estate,  and  close  by  the  village,  through  the  cs  ate 
of  Todholes,  (in  which  it  was  dug  up  m  IblJ,) 
and  part  of  the  ^Vath  estate.  The  road  was 
described  as  eighteen  feet  in  width,  and  was 
formed  of  cobbles  and  freestone,  all  apparently 
crathered  from  the  adjacent  grounds,  (see  page 

35 ") 

iviajor-General  Wyndham  is  lord  of  the  manor 

of  Cleator  common.  .  ^  ,1        e 

The  exhausted  iron  mme  at  Crowgarth  was 
worked  from  17^1  to  about  the  Y^ar  ISIU  For 
a  short  time  it  yielded  annually  upwards  of  20  ()0) 
tons  of  ore,  which  was  chiefly  shipped  for  Hull, 

G  2 


52  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

and  the  Carron  foundry,  in  Scotland.  It  was 
raised  from  the  depth  of  twelve  fathoms ;  the 
thickness  of  the  band,  which  was  a  superior  kid- 
ney ore,  was  about  twenty-four  feet. 

In  this  parish  is  a  lake ;  one  of  the  islands 
with  which  its  surface  is  studded,  is  remarkable 
for  being  the  resort  of  a  species  of  sea-gull,  called 
the  Blackcap,  whose  nests  are  so  numerous,  that 
it  is  a  difficiilt  matter  to  walk  here  in  breeding 
time,  without  crushing  the  eggs. 

Near  the  village  of  Cleator  is  Flosh,  a  modern 
handsome  mansion,  in  the  ancient  style,  erected 
about  1832,  the  seat  of  T.  H.  Ainsworth,  Esq. 

The  Manor. 

Cleator  is  mentioned  in  an  ancient  chronicle 
as  a  manor  belonging,  in  1315,  to  the  monastery 
of  St.  Bees  ;  at  which  time,  James  Douglas,  with 
a  party  of  Scots,  burned  the  manor  house.*  The 
manor  was  enfranchised  in  or  before  the  reign  of 
Henry  VIII.:  in  the  35th  Henry  VIII.,  on  an 
inquisition  of  knights'  fees  in  Cumberland,  it  was 
found  that  the  free  tenants  of  Cleator  held  jointly 
the  manor  of  Cleator  of  the  king  in  cap'ite  as  of 
his  castle  of  Egi-emont,  by  the  ninth  part  of  one 
knight's  fee,  rendering  homage  and  suit  of  court, 
and  \2d.  seawake. 

The  Church 

Was  wholly  appropriated  to  the  abbey  of  St. 
Mary  at  Calder.     It  does  not  occur  in  the  Valor 

*  Lysoos.— Sec  Leland's  Collectanea,  i.  24. 


PARISH   OF   CLEATOR.  53 


Ecclesiastkm  of  Henry  VIII. ;  and  m  licenses  to 
the  curates  it  was  anciently  called  the  chapel  ot 
St.  Leonard  de  Cleator.     The  original  endow- 
ment  was   seven  marks   per  annum.  ^    It   was 
certified  to  the  governors  of  Queen  Ann  s  bounty 
of  the  clear  annual  value  of  6/.  13..  4r/    viz.  4/. 
13s  Ad.   from  the  impropriator,  and  21.  pension 
from  the  crown,  arising  from  the  property  ot  the 
kni'-hts  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem.     In  1 1 02   IVlr. 
John  Robertson  had  the  impropriation  and  pa- 
tronage.    It  subsequently  passed  to  the  Cxales, 
and  is  now  in  the  impropriation  and  patronage 
of  Thomas  Richmond  Gale  Braddyll,  bsq.,  ol 
Conishead   priory,    Lancashire.      The  registers 
commence  in  1572. 

We  have  no  more  perfect  hst  of  the  incum- 
bents of  this  parish  than  the  following  :— 

Incumbents. 

1728  John  Stamper. 

1730  Peter  Richardson. 

1731  Joseph  Dixon. 
1755  T.  Brocklebank. 

1761    Jennings 

1762  John  Lowther. 

1763  William  Stockdale. 

1764  H.  Nicholson. 

1765   Aarey. 

1769  Joseph  Harrison. 

1769  Ralph  Tuasdale. 

1770  John  Fisher. 
1772  H.  Mossop. 
1822  John  Brunt. 

The  church  of  Cleator  is  an  ancient  building. 


54  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

in  a  most  damp  and  dilapidated  condition.  It 
consists  merely  of  a  nave  and  chancel,  of  equal 
height,  with  a  bell-turret  and  a  porch  at  its 
western  end.  The  turret  carries  two  bells.  The 
windows  are  modem,  excepting  one  on  the  south 
side  of  the  chancel,  which  is  square-headed,  of  two 
lights.  The  chancel  arch  is  pointed.  The  top 
of  a  beautiful  cross  is  built  in  the  south  wall, 
w^hich,  until  of  late  years,  enriched  the  apex  of 
the  gable  of  a  south  porch,now  destroyed.  There 
was  formerly  another  cross  on  the  east  end  of  the 
chancel.  A  new  church  is  now  (1841)  about  to 
to  be  erected. 


Ct)e  {^art0l)  of  f^alc. 


|HE  parish  of  Hale  extends 
about  four  miles  from 
east  to  west,  and  one  mile 
and  a  half  from  north  to 
south.  It  contains  the 
joint  townships  of  Hale 
with  Wilton ;  and  is  bound- 
ed by  the  parishes  of  Eg- 
remont,  St.  John's,  St. 
Bridget's,  and  St.  Bees. 
It  includes  a  few  of  the  houses  in  the  village  of 
Beckermet. 

This  parish  was  enclosed  under  an  act  of  par- 
liament passed  in  ISll,  by  which,  lands  were 
allotted  to  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  as  impropriator 
of  the  tithes. 

The  Manor. 


This  manor  was  granted  soon  after  the  Con- 
quest, with  Gosfortli,  Bolton,  and  Stainton,  to 
Thomas  Multon  of  Gilsland.  It  was  subsequently 
poss'essed  by  a  family  who  took  their  name  from 
the  place  :  in  tlic  reign  of  Henry  HI.  it  was 
held  by  Alexander  de  Hale;  and  in  the  23rd  Ed- 
ward I.,  Agnes  and  Constance,  his  daughters, 
held  it  of  Thomas  de  Multon.  In  an  inquisition 
post  mortem  of  John  de  Multon  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  II.,  the  name  of  Christian  appears  as  the 
proprietor. 


56  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Agnes,  one  of  the  coheiresses  of  the  ahove 
Alexander  de  Hale,  brought  her  moiety  to  the 
Ponsonbys ;  and  they  eventually  became  possess- 
ed of  the  remainder. 

The  Ponsonbys  of  Hale  were  originally  of 
Ponsonby,  where  they  are  to  be  traced  before  the 
reign  of  Edward  H.  At  an  earUer  period,  the 
first  of  the  family  of  whom  we  find  any  mention 
was  called  Ponson,  and  his  son,  Fitz-Ponson. 
Two  younger  brothers  of  the  Ponsonbys  of  Hale, 
Sir  John  and  Henry,  went  into  Ireland  in  1649, 
with  Oliver  Cromwell,  who  had  been  appointed 
to  reduce  that  country.  Sir  John,  the  elder 
brothei',  was  ancestor  of  the  noble  famihes  of 
Besborough  and  Ponsonby ;  and  Henry  of  the 
Ponsonbys  of  Crotto,  in  Ireland.  The  arms  of 
Ponsonby  are.  Gules,  a  chevron  between  three 
combs  argent.  Miles  Ponsonby,  Esq.  died  lord 
of  this  manor  in  1814  ;  it  is  now  the  property  of 
his  grandson.  Miles  Ponsonby,  Esq.  who  resides 
at  Hale  hall. 

Hale  Hall. 

This  Hall  was  formerly  "  a  commodious  and 
pleasant  mansion,"  and  has  for  many  ages  been 
the  residence  of  the  ancient  family  of  Ponsonby  : 
it  is  now  the  seat  of  Miles  Ponsonby,  Esq.  lord 
of  the  manor. 

The  Church. 

The  church  of  Hale  was  appropriated,  in  1345, 
by  the  archdeacon  of  Richmond,  to  the  priory  of 
Conishead,  in  Lancashire,  reserving  to  himself 
a  yearly  pension  of  61.  8s.  The  benefice  is  not 
included  in  the  Valor  Ecclesiastkus  of  Henry  VIII. 


PARISH    OF   HALE.  57 

It  was  certified  to  the  governors  of  Queen  Ann's 
bounty,  by  the  Lord  Viscount  Lonsdale,  at  11. 
It  is  a  perpetual  cui'acy,  in  the  patronage  of  the 
Earl  of  Lonsdale,  who  is  impropriator  of  the 
tithes,  to  whom  lands  were  allotted  on  the  inclo- 
sure  of  the  commons.  It  is  charged  3s.  4r/. 
spiodals,  and  Qs.  Sd.  procurations,  to  be  paid  by 
the  impropriator.  The  present  incumbent  is  the 
Rev.  John  Vicars. 

The  church  is  a  plain  building,  chiefly  remark- 
able for  its  beautiful  and  secluded  situation,  at 
some  httle  distance  from  the  \illage. 


H 


^fic  5Jari0ft  of  fM;orf06p 

OMPRISES  two  townships, 
Moresby  and  Parton,  and 
contains  about  three  square 
miles,  extending  a  mile  and 
a  half  in  length  and  breadth. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  south, 
W  by  the  township  of  White- 

'    haven  ;  on  the  west,  by  the 

sea ;  on  the  north,  by  the  parishes  of  Harrington 
and  Distington ;  and  on  the  east,  by  Arlecdon.  Ac- 
cording to  INIr.  John  Denton,  Moresby  derives  its 
name  from  one  Maurice  or  Moris,  a  Welshman, 
"  who  first  seated  himself  there ;  the  ruins  of 
whose  mansion-house,  yet  appearing,  approves 
the  same."  One  of  his  family  gave  lands  in 
Moresby  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary,  Holme- 
Cultram.  The  commons  were  enclosed  about 
the  year  1774 ;  since  which  time  the  land  in  this 
parish  has  been  greatly  improved  by  careful  cul- 
tivation. 

The  village  of  Moresby,  which  was  described 
about  fifty  years  ago,  as  consisting  of  "  a  few  in- 
different cottages,"  now  contains  some  very  good 
houses.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  road 
from  Whitehaven  to  Workington,  about  two 
miles  N.  by  e.  of  the  former  place. 

The  parish  abounds  with  coal ;  the  colliery 
from  which  coals  were  foniierly  shipped  from 
Parton,  was  disused  for  many  years  following 


PARISH   OF    MORESBY. 


59 


1770,  but  has  been  since  worked;  and  there  is 
also  a  quarry  of  excellent  free-stone. 

Moresby-house,  the  seat  of  John  Hartley,  Esq. 
Is  a  modern  mansion,  pleasantly  situated  in  the 
A-illage  of  Moresby. 

The  Roman  Station. 

Of  this  Station,  Horslcy,  in  the  essay  on  the 
Notitia,  in  his  "  most  admirable  work,"  Britannia 
Romaiia,says,"Arbeia ai^l^ears  to  me  to  have  been 
the  most  northerly  of  the  stations,  which  were 
next  to  those  per  'I'lncam  ral/i :  for  after  mention 
of  the  stations  garrisoned  by  horse,  which  were  in 
the  southern  part  of  Yorkshire,  the  Notitm  sets 
down   those  which  were  garrisoned  by  several 
mmeri ;  and  of  these,  Arbeia  is  the  first.      Cam- 
den, from  affinity  of  names,  took  this  ior  Ireby  in 
Cumberland ;  but  as  there  are  no  remains  ot  a 
station  at  Ireby,  so  I  coidd  never  learn  upon 
inquiry,  that  there  were  any  other  Roman  anti- 
(luities  ever  found  there  :  and  the  argument  from 
affinity  of  names  is  of  less  force,  because  there 
is  another  place  of  the  same  name  in  Lancashire. 
Harl)y-brow,  or  narbi/-l>iir<>Ii,  by  the  name  might 
bid  as  fair  at  least,  as  Ireby,  from  whidi  it  is  dis- 
tant about  two  or  three  miles ;  but  I  found  the 
same  objections  he  against  that.     I  met  with  the 
like  disappointment  at  Workington,  where  some 
have  said,  that  there  must  liave  been  a  Roman 
station  ;  for  1  could  discover  no  appearance  ot  it, 
nor  hear  of  any  Roman  coins,  inscrii)ti()ns,  or 
other  aiiticiuities  found  thereabout :  Tlie  borough 
walls  where  the  station  is  supposed  to  have  l)ccn, 
is  about  a  mile  from  the  town,  and  not  much  less 

H  2 


60  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

from  the  river,  but  on  the  opposite  side  :  a  good 
part  of  the  walls  are  yet  standing ;    by  which  it 
appears  to  have  been  only  one  of  those  old  towns, 
which  we  so  frequently  see  in  the  north,  and 
which  sometimes  bear  the  name  of  Burgh  or 
Brugh :  I  saw  no  appearance  of  a  ditch,  no  re- 
mains of  other  buildings  about  it,  or  near  it ;  and 
in  short,  nothing  that  looked  like  a  Roman  sta- 
tion or  town  :  if  it  has  ever  been  a  Roman  fort 
of  any  kind,  I  think  it  must  only  have  been  one 
of  those  small  exploratory  castella,  which  some 
observe  to  have  been  placed  along  the  coast :    it 
has  a  large  prospect  into  the  sea,  but  httle  to- 
wards the  land.     At  Moresby  I  met  with  evident 
proofs,  though  little  remains,  of  a  station.     In  a 
field  which  lies  between  that  towii  and  Parton, 
called  the  Crofts,  they  continually  plough  up  stones 
and  cement,  which  have  all  the  usual  appearance 
of  being  Roman  ;  and  besides  the  Roman  inscrip- 
tions mentioned  in  Camden,  I  saw  two  other 
monuments  of  that  nature  myself ;  yet  it  is  not 
easy  now  to  discern  the  limits  of  the  station. 
The  field  in  which  the  stones  are  now  ploughed  up 
looked  to  me  rather  like  the  place  of  the  town, 
than  the  station.     There  appeared,  as  I  thought, 
somewhat  hke  two  sides  of  a  fort  near  the  church. 
Perhaps  the  station,  or  part  of  it,  has  been  de- 
stroyed, or  washed  away  by  the  sea,  towards  which 
there  is  a  very  large  prospect.      The  order,  in 
which  Arbc'ia,  is  mentioned  in  the  Notitia,  suits 
very  well  with  the  supposition  that  this  is  the 
place ;  for  Moresby  is  nine  or  ten  computed  miles 
from  Ellenborough,  which  station  I  take  to  be  the 
last  of  those  contained  under  the  title  ;;c;-  Uneam 
vallL     The  remains  indeed  are  not  so  large  and 


PARISH   OF   MORESBY.  61 

conspicuous,  as  might  be  expected  in  a  Not'itla 
station  ;  but  those  have  different  degrees  as  well 
as  others.  According  to  the  NotUia,  the  Numer- 
us  Barcariorum  Tigritenslum  were  in  garrison  at 
Arbeia." 

Dr Lord  Bishop  of  Cloync,  remarks 

on  the  above  account  by  Horsley : — "  there  is 
great  reason  to  think  Arhe'ta,  another  of  these 
stations,  mentioned  in  the  Notitia,  was  at  Mores- 
by, two  miles  north-east  of  ^Vlliteha^'en,  though 
Camden  Avas  inclined  to  fix  it  at  Ireby.  That 
there  was  a  station  at  JNIoresby  is  evident  by  its 
remains,  and  it  is  one  of  the  few  instances  in 
which  the  accuracy  of  Horsley  has  failed  him : 
for  though  he  allowed  the  inscriptions  found  here 
to  be  Roman,  he  has  too  hastily  observed  that 
there  are  hardly  any  marks  of  the  station  itself; 
other  antiquaries  have  been  more  fortunate  in 
discovering  it ;  the  site  is  in  a  field,  on  the  side 
of  the  village,  towards  Parton,  called  the  Crofts, 
and  the  church  stands  (as  is  often  the  case,) 
within  its  area.  It  is  a  square  of  400  feet,  on  an 
elevation,  overlooking  several  creeks  still  fre- 
quented by  small  craft,  and  shews  that  one  reason 
of  its  being  placed  here  was  to  protect  the  coast 
against  the  invasions  of  the  northern  and  western 
pirates.  The  west  Agger  is  perfectly  plain,  and 
the  stones  of  the  south  wall  still  appear  through 
the  turf  that  covers  them.  A  body  of  Africans 
formed  its  garrison  ;  Stukeley  saw  a  Roman  road 
pointing  over  the  moors  towards  Papcastle  ;  but 
as  if  the  spot  was  to  be  fatal  to  the  characters  of 
all  our  antiquaries,  he  has  read  Ilorsley's  75th 
Cumberland  inscription,  which  was  found  here, 
in  a  manner  almost  as  eiToneous,  as  his  very  hi- 


62  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

dicrous  interpretation  of  the  Greek  line  on  the 
altar  at  Corbridge." 

Camden  says,*  "  here  the  shore  goes  on  a  little 
retreating,  and  it  appears  from  the  ruins  of  walls, 
that  wherever  the  landing  was  easy  it  was  forti- 
fied by  the  Romans.  For  it  was  the  extreme 
boundary  of  the  Roman  empire,  and  this  coast 
was  particularly  exposed  to  the  Scots  when  they 
spread  themselves  like  a  deluge  over  this  island 
from  Ireland.  Here  is  Moresby,  a  little  village, 
where,  from  these  fortifications,  we  may  conclude 
was  a  station  for  ships.  Here  are  many  traces 
of  antiquity  in  the  vaults  and  foundations,  many 
caverns  called  Picts  holes,  many  fragments  of 
inscriptions  are  here  dug  up,  one  of  which  has 
the  name  of  LVCIVS  SEVERINVS  ORDI- 
NATVS;  another  COH.  VH.  I  saw  there  this 
altar,  lately  dug  vip,  with  a  small  horned  statue 
of  Silvanus : 

DEO  SILVAN.. 

COH.  II.  LING. 

CVI  PR^^S.. 

G.  POMPEIVS  M... 

SATVRNIN.. 

Deo  Silvano 

Cohors  2da  Lingonum 

Cui  praeest 

G.  Pompeius  M. 

Saturninus. 


iC 


The  following  fragment  was  copied  and 
transmitted  to  me  by  J.  Fletcher,  lord  of  the 
place : 

•  Cough's  ed.  iii.  p.  421. 


PARISH   OF   MORESBY.  63 


OB  PROSPE. 
RITATEM 
CVLMINIS 
INSTITVTI. 


"  But  none  has  yet  been  found  that  determine 
it  to  have  been  Morbivm,  where  the  Equites 
Cataphractarii  were  stationed,  which  the  name 
in  some  sort  insinuates." 

Mr.  Horsley,  who  gives  the  above  mmute 
account  of  the  station  as  it  appeared  when  he 
wrote,  about  the  year  1730,  says: — 

"  There  is  an  original  inscription  yet  remam- 
in"  at  a  style,  in  a  field  called  Inclose,  a  Uttle 
east  of  Moresby  Hall,  but  pretty  much  effaced 
and  broken. 

D    M 

..SMERT 

OMAC 

uconi 

..HRAC. 
.Q.STII 
XVICSIT 
XXX . QV 

"  It  is  sepulchral,  and  has  contained  the  name  of 
the  person  deceased,  with  his  age,  and  the  years 
he  had  served  in  the  army  :  for  I  take  the  last 
letters  in  the  last  line  but  two  to  have  been  stip. 
for  Stipendiorum,  and  vicsit  in  the  following  line 
to  stand  for  vixit.  This  soldier  may  have  had 
three  names,  the  letter  for  the  procnomen  seems 
to  have  been  defaced ;  the  other  two  might  be 


64  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Smerhts  Tomac'ms,  for  Smer'nis  is  a  family  name 
in  Griiter.  I  think  the  fourth  and  tifth  hnes 
must  have  been  ^files  Cohort'is  Secundce  Thror 
cum.  I  prefer  Secundse  before  Primae,  though 
only  one  letter  appears,  because  there  is  room 
for  another ;  and  this  second  Cohort  of  Thraci- 
ans,  according  to  the  Xotitia,  kept  garrison  at 
Gabrosentum  :  and  though  I  do  not  imagine  that 
INIoresby  was  Gabrosentum,  yet  this  may  favour 
the  opinion,  that  Gabrosentum  was  at  the  western 
end  of  the  wall.  The  head  of  the  deceased  is  in 
the  pediment  at  the  top,  and  I  believe,  the  inscrip- 
tion has  been  continued  further  at  the  bottom. 
The  Q  in  the  last  line,  I  believe,  stands  for  Que : 
and  though  it  be  placed  before  the  V  for  quinque, 
yet  I  beheve,  it  is  designed  to  join  it  to  the  pre- 
ceding numerals. 

"  There  is  another  curious  sculpture,  though 
not  executed  with  a  fine  taste.  I  know  not 
whether  it  may  have  been  sepulchral,  for  there 
is  no  inscription  upon  the  stone.  The  dress  and 
scroll  in  the  hand  look  senatorial.  The  features 
of  the  face  are  become  very  obscure.  I  found 
this  stone  at  a  style  near  the  other. 

"  The  originals  of  those  inscriptions,  what 
Camden  has  given  us,  I  could  not  discover ;  no 
doubt  since  his  time  they  are  lost  or  destroyed. 

"  It  is  hard  to  know  what  to  make  of  the  last 
inscription,  since  the  former  part  is  wanting.  It 
seems  as  if  some  edifice  had  been  built  or  repaired, 
to  which  it  has  a  reference ;  and  the  seventh 
Cohort,  mentioned  before,  which  was  probably 
of  the  20th  legion  detached  from  Chester,  might 
be  employed  in  this  work,  and  Severinus  have 
the  charge  of  it :  but  this  is  imcertain. 


PARISH   OF   MORESBY. 


65 


"  As  for  the  altar  inscribed  to  the  god  Silyanus 
by  the  Cohors  secunda  Liiigoinini,  there  is  no 
difficulty  in  it,  except  in  the  fourth  hne  at  the 
end,  and  the  M  there  must  either  have  been 
another  name  of  the  commander,  or  else  there 
may  have  been  an  F  after  it,  for  MarciJUius." 

The  Manor. 

Moresby  is  supposed  to  have  taken  its  name 
from  a  possessor,  Moris,  in  the  time  of  William 
Rufus ;  and  "  in  process  of  time  this  place  gave 
name  to  its  owners,  the  INIoresbys"  or  Moricebys, 
of  which  family  was  Ucknard,  who  gave  common 
here  to  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary's  of  Holme-Cultram. 
That  family  held  the  manor  for  many  generations, 
until  the   male   line   tailed  in   Sir   Christopher 
Moriceby,  knight,  which  ocurred  before  the  year 
1500.     His  daughter  and  heiress,  Anne,  married 
Sir  James  Pickering,  of  Killington,  co.  Westmor- 
land, knight,  who  had  a  daughter  Anne,  heiress 
both  to  the  Moresby  and  Pickering  estates.    She 
was  thrice  married :  her  first  husband  was  Sir 
Francis  Westby  ;  she  married  secondly.  Sir  Henry 
Knevett;  and  thirdly,  John  Vaughan,  Esq.      In 
an  inquisition  of  knights'  fees  in  Cumberland,  in 
the  35th  Henry  VHL,  it  was  found  that  Henry 
Knevett  and  Anne  his  wife,  in  right  of  the  said 
Anne,  held  the  manor  of  Moresby,  with  the  ap- 
purtenances, of  the  king,  as  of  his  castle  of  Egre- 
mont,  by  knight's  service,  and  rendering  for  the 
same  yearly  52.9.  Id.  cornage. 

In  the  19th  of  Elizabeth,  the  lady  Anne  being 
yet  living,  this  manor  was  sold  by  Thomas  K  iievett, 
Esci-,  probably  her  son  by  the  second  husband, 

I 


66  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

to  William  Fletcher,  of  Cockeitnouth,  gentleman, 
descended  from  an  elder  branch  of  the  Fletchers 
of  Hutton.  His  son  and  heir,  Henry  Fletcher, 
of  Moresby,  Esq.,  had  a  son,  WiUiam,  Avho  died 
unmarried,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  brother 
Henry :  his  son,  William,  had  a  son,  Thomas, 
who  became  possessed  of  Hutton  by  the  gift  of 
Sir  Henry  Fletcher,  Bart.,  a  thstant  relation,  who 
retired  to  a  monastery  at  Douai,  in  Flanders,  and 
settled  nearly  all  his  property  upon  him.  (See 
vol.  i.  Leath'Ward,  p.  430.) 

After  the  death  of  the  above  Thomas  Fletcher, 
the  last  of  his  family,  jNIoresby  was  sold,  under  a 
decree  in  Chancery,  in  1 720,  to  John  Brougham, 
Esq.  of  Scales,  by  whom,  in  1737,  it  was  convey- 
ed to  Sir  James  Lowther,  of  ^^'hitehaven,  Bart, 
ancestor  of  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  the  present 
proprietor. 

Moresby  Hall 

Is  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  road  leading 
from  Workington  to  Whitehaven.  It  has  a 
spacious  front,  of  three  stories,  facing  the  south  : 
the  principal  windows  have  alternate  rounded 
and  angular  pediments  ;  and  over  the  principal 
entrance  is  a  shield,  charged  with  the  arms  of 
Fletcher,  formerly  lords  of  the  manor,  by  whom 
probably  the  hall  was  repaired.  A  copious  spring 
of  water  rises  from  under  the  foundation  of  one 
of  the  walls  in  the  small  court-yard  on  the  north 
side  of  the  hall.  The  interior  is  so  mucli  mo- 
dernized, at  least  in  the  principal  apartments,  as 
scarcely  to  retain  any  marks  of  its  antiquity  :  the 
ancient  and  spacious  stair-case,  however,  is  yet 


PARISH    OF    MORESBY. 


67 


preserved.  Some  years  since  several  skeletons 
were  dug  up  in  the  entrance-hall :  they  were 
enclosed  in  slates,  but  had  no  coffins.  The  hall 
is  now  the  residence  of  the  Misses  Tate. 

The  Church. 


The  benefice  is  a  rectory,  in  the  patronage 
of  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  the  lord  of  the  manor. 
It  is  valued  in  the  King's  Books  at  6/.  2s.  3^^/., 
and  was  certified  to  the  governors  of  queen  Ann's 
bounty  at  23/.  clear  yearly  value ;  viz.  tithe  corn 
12/.,  glebe  2/.,  modus  for  hay  tithe  2/.  10*.,  wool 
and  lamb  1/.,  prescription  for  the  tithes  of  the 
demesne  lands  of  Moresby  hall  4/.,  other  small 
tithes  and  Easter  offerings  1/.,  surphce  fees   10s, 

The  living  is  thus  entered  in  the  Valor  Eccle- 
siasticus  of  Henry  VIII. 

Moresby  liector'  EccVie. 


Karolus  Martingdall   incumbens 
p'dca.  valet  in      „ 

Mansione  cum  gleba  per  au-  ?  _ 
num  S 

Decim'  granos.  Ixxiijs.  iiij<f.», 
Ian'  &i  agneir  xiijs.  iiijti.  I 
fcni  ixs.  decim'  pisciu. 
marinos.  vj*".  myl.  minut'  &  ^ 
privat'  decim'  cu.  oblac' 
ut  ill  libro  paschal'  xviiJ5. 
In  tot'  -J 


vj      —    — 


Eepris'  vis.  in 
Sinod'xiijtf.procurac'  ijs.iiijt^. 

Et  valet  clare 
Xma.  ps.  inde 


Eector' 

s.      d.^ 

■ 

V     vj 

£ 

8. 

d. 

—    — 

"Vj 

V 

vj 

£ 

g. 

d. 

— 

iij  iiij 

£ 

8. 

d. 

vj 

ij 

y. . 

— 

xij 

ijob'q' 

I  2 


68  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

List  of  Rectors. 

Charles  Martindale,  occurs  1535. 

1668  Ra.  Calvert, 

1711  Francis  Yates. 

1720  Peter  Farrish. 

1728  Francis  Yates. 

1735  Peter  Richardson,  ob.  1754. 

1754  W.  Watts. 

1789  Henry  Nicholson,  ob.  1812. 

Richard  Armitstead,  M.A.* 

....  Thompson. 

Andrew  Hudleston,  INI. A. 

1837  Fletcher  Woodhouse. 

The  old  church,  taken  down  about  1822,  con- 
sisted of  a  nave  and  chancel,  with  a  south  porch, 
and  a  bell-turret  at  its  western  end.  The  arch 
which  formed  the  communication  between  the 
nave  and  the  chancel,  is  left  standing  in  the  church- 
yard. It  is  obtusely  pointed,  with  plain  mould- 
ings springing  fi'om  circular  piers. 

The  present  church,  a  modern  structure  erect- 
ed in  1822,  dedicated  to  St.  Bridget,  stands 
detached  from  the  village,  and  within  the  area  of 
the  Roman  station.  Many  Roman  coins  were 
found  in  digging  for  the  foundation.  The  church 
is  a  handsome  edifice,  with  a  square  tower,  en- 
gaged, and  three  galleries.  Over  the  stair-case 
door  leading  into  the  gallery  are  the  arms  of  the 
Earl  of  Lonsdale,  the  lord  of  the  manor. 

The  church  contains  the  three  following  mon- 
umental inscriptions. — A  tablet  on  the  south 
wall  is  insciibed — 

•  Died  in  1831,  incumbent  of  St.  James's  chapel,  Whitehaven. 


PARISH   OF   MORESBY.  69 

In  Memory  of 
MARY  HARTLEY,  the  Wife  of 

Milliam  Hartley,  of  Rose  Hill, 

•who  died  Uio  19  December,  1833, 

Aged  5G  years. 

MILHAM  HARTLEY,  Esq. 

of  Rose  Hill, 

■who  died  the  30  May,  1839, 

Aged  68  years. 

On  another — 

To  the  Memory  of  the  REV.  PETER  RICHARDSON", 

Late  Rector  of  this  Parish,  who  died  March  y<^  13,  176-1, 

aged  48  years. 

MARGARET  his  Widow  died  April  18,  1773,  aged  79  years. 

PHEBE  their  daughter  died  May  22,  1759,  aged  24 years. 

MARGARET  their  daughter  died  August  7,  1785, 

aged  49  years. 

Near  the  entrance  to  the  gallery — 

In  memory  of  the 

REVEREND  HENRY  NICHOLSON, 

late  Rector  of  this  Parish,  who  died 

March  17,  1»12,  aged  5G  years. 

JOHN  Ihcir  son  died  April  25,  1817, 

aged  22  years. 

WILSON  their  son  died  March  30,  1797, 

aped  G  weeks. 

The  REV.   HENRY  NICHOLSON  their  son,  who 

died  October  22,  1824,  aged  26  years. 

Parton. 

Parton  is  a  considerable  fishing  village,  on  the 
sea  shore,  below  the  precipitous  heights  occupied 
by  the  Roman  station,  and  half  a  mile  south-west 
of  Moresby.  Attempts  at  constructing  a  harbour 
at  Parton  were  made  by  the  Fletcher  and  Lam- 
plugh  family  in  16S0  and  1G95  :  the  proceedings 


70  ALLERDALE    'WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

being  stopped  by  an  injunction  from  the  court  of 
exchequer.  In  1695,  Mr.  Lamplugh  was  allowed 
to  repair  the  small  old  pier.  An  act  of  parlia- 
ment for  enlarging  the  pier  and  harbour  of  Parton 
passed  in  1 705 ;  another  act  for  rebuilding  the 
pier  and  harbour  passed  in  1721;  and  a  third 
act,  for  enlarging  the  term  of  that  last-mentioned, 
in  ]  732.  Several  vessels  were  employed  in  the 
coal-trade  here  till  the  year  1795,  when  the  pier 
was  washed  away  by  an  unusually  high  tide,  and 
has  not  since  been  rebuilt.* 

The  Free  School  &i  Parton  was  built  in  1818, 
by  the  late  Joseph  Williamson,  Esq.,  who  en- 
dowed it  with  a  freehold  estate,  which  produces 
42/.  per  annum,  and  is  situated  in  Arlecdon 
parish.  The  founder's  nephew,  Chilwell  'N^'illiam- 
son,  Esq.,  of  Luton,  in  Bedfordshire,  has  since 
bequeathed  a  house,  in  Parton,  for  the  residence 
of  the  master,  who,  by  the  deed  of  settlement,  is 
to  teach  60  free  scholars,  under  the  superinten- 
dance  of  three  resident  trustees,  and  five  other 
respectable  gentlemen.  The  benefit  of  this  charity 
is  restricted  to  the  poor  children  of  Parton  ;  and 
the  bishops  of  Carlisle  and  Chester  are  appointed 
governors  and  visitors.  The  trustees,  &c.,  are  to 
hold  an  anniversary  meeting  on  the  first  Tuesday 
in  July,  to  scrutinize  the  master's  conduct,  and 
the  proficiency  of  his  pupils.f 

•  Lysons.  t  Paison  and  White. 


STiir  ti)ari&]^  of  ^rlrrDoir. 


HE  parish  of  Arlecdon, 
Arlecdeii,  or  Arlochden,QX.- 
tends  about  four  miles 
from  north  to  south,  and 
two  and  a  half  from  east 
to  west.  It  is  bounded 
by  the  parishes  of  St. 
Bees,  Distington,  Mores- 
by, and  Cleator,  and  the 
parish  of  Dean  and  the 
parochial  chapelry  of  Loweswater,  in  Derwent 
VVard.  It  contains  the  manors  of  Arlecdon  and 
Frisington,  and  the  townships  of  Arlecdon,  High 
and  Low  Frisington,  and  Whillimore.  The 
principal  part  of  the  parish  is  customary  tenure, 
holden  under  the  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Lons- 
dale, and  tlie  Lady  le  Fleming  of  Rydal  Hall, 
Westmorland.  Coal,  iron  ore,  and  limestone  are 
obtained  in  this  parish. 

Neither  the  situation,  nor  the  component  parts 
of  the  word,  i'avour  the  derivation  given  of  the 
name  of  this  place  by  Nicolson  and  Burn,  who  sup- 
pose it  is  derived  from  the  Erse  or  Irish  Ar-Jloch- 
deii,  signifying  "  a  place  at  the  bottom  of  a  deep 
valley."  From  the  stone  quarries  in  vai'ious 
parts  of  the  jiarish,  we  should  be  more  inclined 
to  derive  it  from  the  British  word  Arlecli,  signi- 
fying, upon  a  rock,  and  dun,  elevated  ground. 


72  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

The  village  of  Arlecdon  is  situated  about  six 
miles  east  by  north  of  Whitehaven  :  cattle-fairs 
are  held  here,  April  24th,  the  first  Friday  in  June, 
and  September  17th. 

The  Roman  road  leading  from  Egremont  castle 
to  Cockennouth  passed  through  this  parish  and 
the  township  of  Frisington. 

The  Messrs.  Lysons  state,  it  appears  from  the 
register,  that  of  the  parishioners  buried  here,  one 
in  six  were  aged  from  80  to  89  inclusive  ;*  and 
about  one  in  forty,  from  90  to  99  inclusive. 

In  this  parish  are  two  Sunday  schools  in  con- 
nection with  the  established  church ;  one  of 
which  has  been  licensed  by  the  bishop  for  Divine 
service. 

The  Manor  of  Arlecdon. 

This  manor,  which  is  a  fee  of  Beckermet,  was 
granted  by  William  de  Meschines,  lord  of  Egre- 
mont, to  Sir  Michael  le  Fleming,  knight,  ancestor 
of  the  Lady  le  Fleming,  of  Rydal  hall,  the  present 
proprietor. 

The  Manor  of  Frisington 

Is  also  a  fee  of  Beckermet,  and  Avas  anciently 
held  by  a  family  of  the  same  name,  whose  last 
heir  male  in  the  reign  of  Henry  IV.  left  three 
daughters  and  coheiresses  : — Johanna,  married  to 
Richard  Sackfield ;  Agnes,  married  to  John  Law- 
son  ;  and  Margaret,  who  married  John  Atkinson ; 
by  whom  it  was  sold  to  William  Leigh,  in  whose 

•  The  general  average  proportion  of  those  who  attain  the  age  of  80,  is 
said  to  be  one  in  thirty-two ;  and  in  London,  one  in  forty. — Lysons. 


PARISH   OP   ARLECDON.  73 

family  it  remained  mitil  purchased  of  a  descendant 
by  Anthony  Patrickson.  From  that  family  it 
passed  to  the  Williamsons,  who  sold  it  (excepting 
the  Parks)  to  Sir  James  Lowther,  of  Wliitehaven, 
Baronet,  ancestor  of  the  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of 
Lonsdale,  the  present  lord. 

A  grandson  of  the  above  Anthony  Patrickson 
sold  the  Parks,  part  of  the  demesne  of  this  manor, 
to  the  Fletchers  of  Hutton,  fi'om  whom  it  passed 
by  purchase  to  the  Lamplughs.  The  lands  in 
this  manor  were  enclosed  under  an  act  of  parlia- 
ment passed  in  1805. 

The  following  boundary  of  the  manor  of  Fris- 
ington,  taken  in  the  year  1410,  is  "from  the  re- 
cords of  Avlecdon  parish :" — 

Y'  Ambulation  and  y'  Bounder  of  y"^  Lordshipp  of  Fris- 
ington,  made  and  viewed  in  the  y^  presence  of  divers 
worshippful  gentlemen,  and  by  xii  tenants,  sworne  and 
tryed,   whose  names  hereafter  follow,  y^  14"'  daye  of 
June,  in  y''  yeare  and  reigne  of  our  Sovaraigne  dread 
Kyng  Henry*  y*"  iv  Kyng  of  Englande  y"  xith. 
Y"  Ambulation  and  Bounder  of  y*  Lordshipp  of  Frizing- 
ton,   made   and   viewed  in    y"    presence    of   Sir   William 
Martyndale,  Knight,  being  Steward  to  the  Earle  of  Northum- 
berland within  y'^  HoiiorofCockermouth.JohndeLamplough, 
Christopher  Curwen,  knights,  \\'illiam  Osmotherlic,  knight; 
Thomas  Sandys,  Thomas  dc  Louther,  Esq'^  by  the  bodilye 
oatlies  of  John  Robinson  of  Frizington,  William  Ilird,  Robin 
Mylner,    Richard    Johnston,  Richard    Dickinson,   William 
Gibson,  Nicholas  Woodo,  Thomas  Ilird,  Richard Towerson, 
Nicholas  Benn  of  Bowlhorno,  John  Rcison,  Wra.  Gill,  Robin 
Thompson,  Richard  Richardson,  sworne,  tryed  and  examined, 
and  upon  y''  bodylie  oaths  sayes  att  y*"  bcginnyngc.  First  att 
y^  footo  of  Millgillc  going  upp  bye  y'=  Long-tayle   and  soe 
upp  MiUbeck  to  Sawtor  Pyke  to  Wynder  Scotle,  and  soe  upp 
y*  chaunnel  to  y'  Smyddie  Syke,  and  soe  lyen  and  lycn  to 
y*  Harper  Stone  to   y''  Bercnt  Keld  falling  into  y''  Dubb 
Beck,  and  soe  down  y''  channcll  to  y''  Hollow  Dyke  where 

•  Henry  was  c^o^vned  Oct.  13,  1399. 
K 


74  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

sometyme  dwelled  John  Humson,  and  soedowney''  channell 
to  Lynebank  Cragg,  and  soe  downe  y*^  chaunnel  falling  into 
Keekle  to  y*^  foote  of  Gaytwray,  and  soe  upp  y""  chaunnel  to 
y'  foote  of  Uter  Croft  to  y*  Crooke  of  Wenar,  and  soe  downe 
y^  channel  bye  Bowthorne  to  y"^  Sandyefforde  of  Norbeck, 
and  soe  upp  y'  channell  bye  Ingrehowe  and  y"  about  Thar- 
sagamell  and  soe  through  y'=  Black  Moss  to  y'=  Borren  of 
Stones,  and  soe  from  y"^  Borren  of  Stones  lyen  and  lyen  to 
y*^  Stones  in  y=  Damage  Dubb,  and  soe  from  Damage  Dubb 
to  y'^  great  Stone  in  y'=  breaste  of  Rattanrowe  Dyke,  and  soe 
upp  y'  Dyke  lyen  and  lyen  to  y^  Merc  Syke,  and  soe  downe 
y«  Mere  Syke  to  three  Stones  in  y'^  Crooke  of  Rattanrowe 
Dyke,  and  soe  upp  y'^  Dyke  to  y"  Wholebeck,  and  soe  downe 
y^  chaunnel  to  Kinnysyde,  and  soe  into  Eyne,  and  soe  upp 
Eyne  to  y''  foote  of  Millgille,  with  common  of  pasture  for 
y<^  Lordshipp  of  Frizington  with  y''  Lord  Harryngton  and 
within  y*"  Lordshipp  of  Lamplough  to  a  place  called  Kid- 

bornegille  in  Arlechden. Given  y'  daye  and  yeare  above. 

A  true  copie  of  y''  Bounder  of  Frizington  made  in  y'' 

xith  yeare  of  Henry  y"  ifourth,  transcribed  by  me,  William 

Williamson, 

The  Church. 

The  church  of  Arlecdon  is  dedicated  to  St. 
Michael ;  the  h\ing  was  a  rectory  until  the  thir- 
teenth century.  In  the  2Gth  Henry  III.  (1241) 
it  was  given  by  John  le  Fleming  to  the  abbey 
of  St.  Mary,  Calder,  and  soon  afterwards,  (47th 
Henry  III.)  was  appropriated  and  annexed  to 
the  archdeaconry  of  Richmond,  by  Godfrey  de 
Ludhani,  archbishop  of  York.* 

The  benefice  is  now  a  peipetual  ciu'acy  :  the 
Bishop  of  Chester  is  appropriator  and  patron. 
It  was  certified  to  the  governors  of  Queen  Anne's 
bounty  at  the  clear  annual  value  of  10/. ;  and  in 
or  about  tlie  year  1764  was  augmented  ^\ith  600/. 

•  See  further  particulars,  under  the  account  of  the  parish  of  St.  John, 
page  16. 


PARISH   OF   ARLECDOX.  75 

by  the  Countess-dowager  Gower  in  conjunction 
with  the  above  bounty;  and  again  in  IS  10,  with 
the  sum  of  200/.,  being  part  of  the  parliamentary 
grant  of  that  year.  The  lessees  of  tlie  tithes 
are  the  land-owners ;  the  lessor  is  the  Bishop  of 
Chester.  This  benefice  does  not  occur  in  the 
Valor  Ecdesiustkus  of  Henry  VIII. 

Incumbents. 

c.  1725  Thomas  Baxter,*  ob.  1787. 
c.  1787  Jolm  Baxter,  ob.  1798. 
c  1798  Joseph  Fullerton,  ob.  1829. 
1829  George  Wilkinson,  B.D. 

The  present  Church,  which  was  built  about 
the  year  1 S29,  consists  of  a  nave  and  chancel,  with 
a  bell  turret.  The  only  monument  in  the  church 
is  one  erected 

In  Memory  of  JOSEPH  STEELE,  Esq. 

of  Acrewalls, 

Who  departed  this  life,  Sept.  SOth,  1835, 

aged  87  years. 

•  Incumbent  cuxato  for  tho  long  spaco  of  62  years ;  ob.  1787,  aged  87. 
It  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  this  parish  has  had  only  foiuincumbenia 
for  the  space  of  110  years. 


K  2 


Wf^c  }^avi^f)  of  Si^tiitgton 

S  of  small  extent,  containing 
about  three  square  miles,  and  is 
divided  into  two  constablewicks. 
It  is  bounded  by  Moresbj% 
Harrington,  Arlecdon,  and  Lam- 
■plugli,  and  Dean  in  Derwent 
[Ward,  and  contains  coal-mines 
I  and  extensive  limestone  quarries 
I  and  kilns,  the  property  of  the 
Earl  of  Lonsdale  and  James 
Robertson  Walker,  Esq.  now  (1841)  high-sherifF 
of  the  county.  At  Barngill  is  a  quarry  yielding 
millstones  and  gi'indstones.  The  lands  are  of 
fi-eehold  tenure  under  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

The  parish  contains  three  mansions  : — Gilgai"- 
ron,  the  seat  of  James  Robertson  Walker,  Esq. 
the  present  (1841)  high-sherifF  of  the  county; 
Belle  Vue,  the  residence  of  John  Stanley,  Esq. 
M.D. ;  and  Prospect  Hill,  the  seat  of  Captain 
Caldecot. 

The  parochial  school,  erected  in  1754,  has  no 
endowment,  excepting  three  acres  of  land  taken 
out  of  the  common  when  the  school-house  was 
built.  The  village  giving  name  to  the  parish  is 
on  the  high-road  from  Whitehaven  to  Working- 
ton. 

In  the  year  1811  or  1812,  a  number  of  silver 
coins  were  found  in  a  field  belonging  to  Mr.  Isaac 
Dixon,  of  Distington ;    the  gi-eatest  part  were 


PARISH   OF   DISTINGTOX.  77 

struck  in  the  reigns  of  Elizcabeth,  James  I.  and 
Charles  I,  They  were  found  beneath  an  oak 
tree, — supposed  to  have  been  planted  as  a  guide 
to  the  concealed  treasure. 

The  Messrs.  Lysons  state  that  the  register 
shews  that  of  the  parishioners  buried  here,  from 
17S4  to  1814,  about  one  in  six  had  attained  the 
ages  of  80  to  89  inclusive ;  and  about  one  in 
thirty-one,  from  90  to  99  inclusive. 

The  Manor. 

The  manor  of  Distington,  in  the  reigns  of 
Richard  I.  and  King  John,  belonged  to  Gilbert 
de  Dundraw,  son  of  Sir  Gilbert  de  Dundraw, 
knight,  son  of  Odard  de  Logis,  lord  of  the  barony 
of  Wigton.  This  Gilbert  was  lord  of  Distington, 
Crofton,  and  Dundraw,  and  he  gave  lands  in  the 
two  former  places  to  the  abbey  of  St.  JNIary, 
Holme-Cultram,  and  the  priory  of  St.  Mary, 
in  Carlisle.  He  had  issue  a  daughter,  Isolda, 
married  to  Adam  de  Tinemouth.  In  the  42n(I 
Henry  III,  they  gave  the  fourth  part  of  Distington 
and  the  advowson  of  the  rectory  to  Thomas,  son 
of  Lambert  de  Multon.  Another  daughter  was 
married  to  Stephen  de  Crofton,  and  they  gave, 
in  the  6th  Edward  I.,  their  part  of  Distington  to 
Thomas  de  Moresby  and  Margaret  his  wife. 
This  Margaret  exchanged  it  with  her  brother 
Thomas  Lucy  for  lands  in  Thackthwaite ;  and 
he  parted  with  it  to  the  Moresbys,  for  Bracken- 
thwaite  in  Loweswater. 

It  appears  from  the  escheats  in  the  reign  of 
Richard  III.  that  Distington  became  vested  in 
the  family  of  Dykes ;  and  in  the  2nd  year  of  that 


78  ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

reign,  1484,  William  Dykes  presented  to  the 
rectory.  In  the  35th  Henry  VIII.  Thomas 
Dykes  held  the  manor  of  the  king,  as  of  his  castle 
of  Egi'emont,  by  homage  and  fealty,  and  suit  of 
com't,  paying  10s.  cornage,  llr/.  seawake,  and 
puture  of  the  Serjeants;  and  in  the  4th  Philip 
and  INIary,  Leonard  Dykes  presented  a  rector. 

This  manor  passed  by  marriage  to  the  Fletchers, 
and  after  the  death  of  the  last  of  that  family,  it 
•was  sold  under  a  decree  of  chancery  in  1720. 
John  Brougham,  Esq.  of  Scales,  who  was  then 
the  purchaser,  in  1737,  conveyed  it  to  Sir  James 
Lowther,  Bart.  It  is  now  the  property  of  the 
Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

Hayes  Castle 

Is  supposed  to  have  been  the  ancient  manor-house. 
Camden  mentions  it  as  "respectable  for  its  an- 
tiquity, which  the  people  told  me  once  belonged  to 
the  noble  families  of  Moresby  and  Distinton." 
This  castle,  of  which  there  are  now  few  remains, 
occupies  a  mount  about  half  a  mile  south  of  the 
village.  Mr.  Hutchinson,  in  his  Excursion  to  the 
Lakes,  published  in  177<3,  described  it  as  being 
then  "  a  confused  heap  of  broken  walls,  defended 
anciently  by  an  outward  wall,  and  a  deep  ditch 
of  circular  form."  Its  gray  ruins  are  yet  dis- 
tinguishable from  the  road. 

It  has  been  severed  from  the  manor,  and  is 
now  the  property  of  Thomas  Hartley,  Esq.  of 
Gillfoot,  near  Egremont,  whose  ancestor  purchas- 
ed it  of  Anthony  Dickenson. 


parish  of  distington, 
The  Church, 


79 


The  church  of  Distington  is  in  the  patronage 
of  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale.  The  living  is  a  rectory ; 
valued  in  the  King's  Books  at  11.  Is.  Q\d.,  and 
was  certified  to  the  governors  of  Queen  Ann's 
bounty  at  67/.  19s.  2d. : — "house,  garden,  church- 
yard, and  glebe  251. ;  tithe  corn  of  Distington  16/. 
5s.;  of  Gilgarren  and  Stubskills  13/. ;  of  the  out- 
side of  Smitli's  gill  5/. ;  wool  and  lamb  3/. ;  pre- 
scription for  hay  and  hemp  4/. ;  Easter  dues  and 
surplice  fees  21.  10s. — Deductions:  tenths  and 
acquittance  14s.  5f/. ;  synodals  and  acquittance 
Is.  5f/." 

The  glebe  belonging  to  the  rectory  consists  of 
530  acres. 

In  the  Ecclesiastical  Survey  made  in  the  year 
1535  this  rectory  is  valued  as  follows  : — 


Distington  Rector'  Eccl'ie. 


Will'm's  Curwen  incumbens. 

Rector  p'dca. 

valet  in           „ 
Mansione  cum  gleba  per  an-  > 

d 

XXV 

nutn                                      S 

Decim'  granos.  et  feni  iiij/."" 

vjs.   viijc^.   decim'  Ian'  ic 

£ 

s. 

d. 

agnell  xijs.pisciu.  marines. 

L 

>vij 

i'j 

X 

iijs.  lini  &  canabi  ij*.  ijt/. 

> 

cxviij 

X 

minut'    &    privat'  decim' 

ut  in  libro  paschal'   xv«. 

In  tof 

> 

Hepris'  viz.  in 

£ 

s. 

d. 

Sinod'  xiij(^.  procurac'  xxijc?. 

— 

ij 

xj 

£ 

*. 

(/. 

Et  valet  clare 

vij 



^j 

Xma.  ps.  ind( 

^ 

xiiij 

jq 

80  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

List  of  Rectors. 

William  Curwen,  occurs  1535. 

....   Fletcher,  occui'S  about  1642. 

1669  Richard  Armstead. 

1685  Richard  Tickell. 

1692  Lancelot  Teasdale. 

1712  John  Dalton. 

1729  W.  Briscoe. 

1745  Thomas  SeweU. 

1747  Thomas  Spedchng. 

1753  AY.  Lowther. 

1785  Thomas  Wilson  Morley. 

1813  Henry  Lowther,  M.A. 

The  church  is  situated  on  an  eminence,  west 
of  the  village,  commanding  an  extensive  prospect 
of  mountain  scenery.  It  is  an  ancient  building, 
and  consists  of  a  nave  and  chancel,  a  south  porch, 
a  bell-turret  at  the  western  end,  carrying  two 
bells,  and  a  vestry  on  the  north  side.  The  porch 
is  seated  and  has  a  pointed  arch.  The  west 
window  is  of  three  round-headed  lights,  but  is 
covered  by  a  modern  stair-case  leading  into  the 
galleiy  ;  in  the  wall  is  a  shield,  apparently  charged 
with  the  arms  of  Curwen,  fretty  and  a  chief.  The 
north  windows  of  the  nave  are  modern ;  but 
those  on  the  south  side  have  each  two  round 
headed  lights  under  dripstones.  There  is  a  stone 
font,  of  a  square  form,  under  the  organ,  at  the 
western  end,  which  bears  the  date,  1662.  The 
nave  and  chancel  are  connected  by  a  pointed 
arch ;  the  latter  is  lighted  by  a  modern  east 
vnndow,  and  a  square  wndow  on  each  side. 

On  the  north  wall  of  the  chancel  is  a  plate 
inscribed — 


PARISH    OF   DISTINGTON. 


81 


Under  y  stone,  marked  P.  W.  lyes  the  body  of  JANE  the  wife  of 
Mr.  Pelcr  Walker  of  Parton,  who  departed  this  life,  September  y<;  5th 
Anno  Dom.  1725,  aged  66.  She  was  syster  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Teasdale, 
late  Rector  of  this  Parish. 

On  the  south  wall  of  the  nave  is  a  marble  tab- 
let, beneath  these  arms,— a  che\Ton,  charged  with 
five  ermine  spots,  between  three  leopards'  heads, 
and  the  motto,  AuxUium  meum  ah  alto.  The 
tablet  is  inscribed — 

Sacred  to  the  Memory 

of 

ROBERT  BLAKENEY,  Esq. 

(The  last  surriTing  son  of  George  Augustus 

Blakeney,  Esq.  and  Mary  his  wife,) 

who  died  upon  the  6th  day  of  November,  1822, 

aged  64  years. 

He  was  an  acting  Magistrate,  and  a 

Deputy  Lieutenant  of  this  County. 

In  the  church-yard  are  two  tomb-stones  in 
memory  of  some  other  branches  of  this  family. 

Near  the  church  is  a  very  neat  Sunday  School, 
"  erected  by  the  Parish,  1836." 


Cf)r  |^ari0]^  of  ILamplugl). 

HIS  parish  is  bounded  on 
the  south,  by  the  chapehy 
of  Ennerdale ;  on  the  west, 
by  Arlecdon  and  Disting- 
ton parishes;  on  the  north, 
by  Dean,  in  the  ^\'ard  of 
Derwent ;  and  on  the  east, 
by  the  parochial  chapelry 
of  Loweswater,  in  the  same 
ward,  and  Crummock-wa- 
ter.  It  extends  about  six  miles  from  north  to  soutli, 
and  its  breadth  is  about  three  miles.  This  parish  is 
divided  into  four  townships — Lamplugh,  Kelton, 
Murton,  and  AVinder.  Its  mineral  products  are 
lime  and  iron  :  the  fonner  is  much  wrought ;  but 
the  latter  is  dormant  at  present. 

Mr.  John  Denton  supposes  that  "  the  place  was 
originally  named  Glan-Floitgh,  or  Glaii-FiUoiigli, 
of  the  Irish  inhabitants  before  the  Conquest, 
which  word  signifies  the  Wet  Dale,  vaUisliimi'ida ; 
and  thereof  is  formed  the  present  word,  Lamplugh, 
or  Lanjfogli." 

The  same  writer  also  says,  "  Lamplugh  in  the 
fells,  is  that  manor-house  and  seignory  in  the 
barony  of  Egremont,  which  gave  name  to  the 
ancient  family  of  Lamplughs ;  a  race  of  valourous 
gentlemen,  successively  for  their  worthyness 
knyghted  in  the  field,  all  or  most  of  them." 
On  an  eminence  in  the  Stockhow  Hall  estate. 


PARISH   OF   LAMPLUGH.  83 

in  this  parish,  are  the  remains  of  a  druidical  circle, 
called  Standing  Stones.  Only  the  northern  seg- 
ment is  now  to  be  seen  ;  the  remainder  having 
been  blasted  and  removed  a  few  years  ago  to 
make  fences  with.  The  part  remaining  consists 
of  six  large  stones,  of  the  kind  provincially  called 
the  smooth  blue  cobble,  placed  at  irregular  dis- 
tances, varying  from  eighteen  paces  to  one  ;  and 
the  circle,  when  perfect,  may  have  been  one 
hundred  paces  in  diameter.  The  stones  are 
mostly  of  an  oblong  figure,  placed  endwise  in  the 
circumference  of  the  circle  ;  four  of  the  largest 
are  nearly  four  feet  in  height  above  gi'ound,  and 
are  supported  in  an  upright  position  by  other 
large  stones  around  their  bases  undergi'ound. 
The  neighbouring  i-ock  is  of  limestone.  We  can 
ascertain  no  tradition  relating  to  the  stones 
beyond  the  name,  which  is  common  to  similar 
erections  in  other  ))arts  of  the  kingdom. 

There  is  a  tradition  of  an  oak-tree  having 
grown  in  the  forest,  on  the  steep  southern  side 
of  Blake  Fell,  where  now  is  nothing  but  the  naked 
and  moving  dcl)ris  of  the  slate  rock,  and  from 
which  a  table  was  made  of  a  single  plank,  nearly 
four  feet  in  width,  and  several  yards  in  length, 
to  grace  the  liall  of  the  manorial  residence  of 
the  Lamplughs.  On  the  demolition  of  the  an- 
cient residence,  for  materials  wherewith  to  erect 
the  modern  house  and  farm  buildings,  the  table 
was  cut  into  two  lengths,  and  the  half  of  it  now 
stretches  entirely  across  the  roomy  farm  kitchen — 
a  nol)le,  though  nuicli  diminished  specimen  of  the 
growth  of  tlie  oak  in  the  days  when  the  squirrel 
was  chased  from  Lamplugh  Fells  to  Moresby, 
without  its  alighting  on  the  ground.     So  closely 

L  2 


84  ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

was  the  country  afforested  for  many  miles,  where 
now  are  only  stmited  hedgerows. 

The  Roman  road  from  Egi-emont  to  Cocker- 
mouth  passed  through  this  parish,  "close  by 
Lamplugh  Cross  and  Street  gate." 

A  great  part  of  this  parish  is  very  elevated, 
and  commands  an  extensive  prospect  in  Scotland, 
and  on  the  Irish  Sea,  including  the  Isle  of  Man. 

Near  Lamplugh  Hall  is  a  mineral  spring,  of  a 
powerful  astringent  quality.  An  ancient  cross, 
which  until  lately  remained  in  the  parish,  has 
shared  the  fate  of  the  old  hall,  and  has  been 
wantonly  destroyed. 

The  Manor. 

The  manor  of  Lamplugh,  at  a  very  early  period, 
belonged  to  William  de  Lancaster,  baron  of  Ken- 
dal, who  gave  it  with  AVorkington,  in  exchange 
for  Middleton,  in  Lonsdale,  to  Gospatric,  son  of 
Orme,  lord  of  Seaton,  in  Derwent  Ward.  William 
de  Lancaster  was  "a  great  commander  under 
Henry  II.  in  the  wars  against  David  of  Scotland, 
and  Earl  Henry,  his  son,  and  helped  to  recover 
the  counties  of  Cumberland  and  Westmorland 
from  the  Scots,  which  King  Stephen  had  given 
them."  Gospatric  died  seised  of  Lamplugh,  and 
his  son  Thomas  gave  it  to  Robert  Lamplugh  and 
his  heirs,  "  for  paying  yearly  a  pair  of  gilt  spurs 
to  the  lord  of  Workington." 

Lamplugh  of   Lamplugh. 

Arms: — Or,  a  cross  floree,  sable. 

Crest: — A  goat's  head  couped  proper;  according  to  Ly. 
sons,  A  goal's  hqad  argent,  attire  and  beard  or. 


PARISH   OF   LAMPLUGH.  85 


Esq  /sTriuii.mD«g<i.lc-sv».t.tio..,m  I660,  »  ..  M- 
lows : — 

who  svas  succeeded  by  his  son, 

Sir  Adam  de  Lamplugh,  Jn'S^^'^f  J-fei,tat[o7of 

paramount. 

r  hlXta  iVeUenotSg  He.V  tho  third." 

E.lphc    d.    L.mpl«f.''l'  J,'i"'f,J„,»irrro;S 

:Ll\;i;TraSi'/on%SArro..  &  .uitio„  .r 

him. 

Christian. 

Sir  John  de  Lamplugh,  knight,  9th  Edward  I. 

Raphe  de  Lamplugh,  13th  Edward  III.;  married  Ehza- 
beth,  daughter  of  ....Preston. 

John  de  Lamplugh. 

Sir  Thomas  do  Lamplugh,  knight,  had  issue  Jo/.n,  Robert, 
Nicholas,  Thomas,  William,  and  Raphe. 


Lysons. 


86  ALLERDAIiE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

John  de  Lamplugh  20th  Richard  II. 

Hugh  de  Lamplugh,  12th  Henry  IV.;  married  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Pickering. 

Sir  John  de  Lamplugh,  knight,  married  Margaret,  daughter 
of  John  Eglesfield. 

Thomas  de  Lamplugh,  7th  Edward  IV. ;  married  Eleanor, 
daughter  of  Henry  Fenwick. 

John  de  Lamplugh,  19th  Edward  IV. 

John  de  Lamplugh,  1st  Henry  VII.;  married  Isabel, 
daughter  of  John  Pennington.  He  had  a  daughter,  Eleanor, 
married  to  Thomas  Senhouse,  Esq. 

Sir  John  Lamplugh,  knight,  27th  Henry  ^^II. ;  married 
Catharine,  daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Guy  Forster,  of  How- 
some,  CO.  York. 

John  Lamplugh,  Esq.  married  Isabel,  daughter  of  Christo- 
pher Stapleton,  of  Wighill,  co.  York,  Esq. 

John  Lamplugh,  Esq.  married  Isabel,  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Pennington,  knight. 

Sir  John  Lamplugh,  knight,  married  Isabel,  daughter  of 
Sir  Christopher  Curwen,  knight,  by  whom  he  had  issue, 
John,  Anne,  and  Elizabeth. 

John  Lamplugh,  Esq.  married,  firstly,  Jane,  daughter  of 
....  Blennerhasset,  by  whom  he  had  issue,  Edward;    and 

secondly  Isabel,  daughter  of Stapleton,  and  by  her 

he  had  issue,  Richard. 

Edward  Lamplugh,  Esq.  eldest  son  and  heir  died  without 
issue,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  brother, 

Richard  Lamplugh,  Esq.  second  son,  married  Alice, 
daughter  of  ....  Ward,  and  had  issue,  John,  George, 
Elizabeth,  and  Dorothy. 

John  Lamplugh,  Esq.  son  and  heir,  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Sir  Edward  IVIusgrave,  knight,  and  had  issue, 
John,  Francis,  Richard,  Edward,  Henry,  George,  and  Anne. 
He  died  12th  Charles  I. 

John  Lamplugh,  Esq.  son  and  heir,  was  of  the  age  of  46, 
when  this  pedigree  was  certified.     He  was  colonel  of  foot  in 


PARISH   OF   LAMPLUGH.  87 

the  service  of  Charles  I.  and  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner 
at  the  battle  of  Marston  moor,  in  1G44.  lie  was  thrice 
married  :  his  first  wife  was  Jane,  daughter  of  Roger  Kirkby, 
of  Kirkby,  co.  Lancaster,  Esq.  by  whom  he  had  no  issue  :  he 
married,  secondly,  Frances,  daughter  of  Christopher  Lancas- 
ter, of  Sockbridge,  co.  Westmorland,  Esq.  and  widow  of  Sir 
Christopher  Lowthcr  of  Whitehaven  ;  by  whom  also  he  had  no 
issue :  his  third  wife  was  Frances,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Lamplugh,  of  Ribton,  Esq.  and  by  her  he  had  issue  Thomas, 
who  was  eight  years  old  at  the  time  of  the  said  visitation, 
John,  Edward,  Elizabetii,  and  Phabe.  Elizabeth  was  the 
second  wife  of  Henry  Brougham,  of  Scales,  Esq. 

The  Hall, 


Of  the  old  hall,  the  residence  of  the  ancient 
and  knightly  family  of  the  Lamplughs,  no  vesti- 
ges now  remain,  excepting  a  gateway  which  bears 
the  date  of  1595.  The  Messrs  Lysons  supposed 
the  hall  (which  was  remaining  when  they  visited 
this  county)  to  have  been  of  no  earlier  date  than 
the  sixteenth  century.  Until  of  late  years  part 
of  a  strong  tower  remained  :  this,  however,  from 
a  want  of  taste,  was  taken  down  in  1821,  with 
vast  trouble,  the  mortar  being  harder  than  the 
stone  itself;  and  the  walls,  being  eight  feet  iu 
thickness,  required  the  force  of  gunpowder  to 
rend  them  asunder.  The  old  hall  has  been  re- 
placed by  a  substantial  farm-house. 

The  Church. 

The  benefice  is  a  rectory,  and  the  patronage 
has  always  been  annexed  to  the  manor.  In  the 
King's  Books  it  is  valued  at  10/.  4s.  Id.  In  the 
Valor  Eccles'iastictts,  temp.  Hemy  VIII.,  it  is 
entered  as  follows  : — 


88  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Lamplewgh  Rector'  Eccl'ie. 

Eob'tus  Layburne  incumbens.  Rector'  p'  dca, 

valet  in 

Mansione  cum  gleba  per  annum 

Decim'  granos.  et  feni  \xs.  Ian' 

et  agneir  Ixxs.  minut'  et  pri- 

vat'  decim'  cum  oblac'  ut  in 

libro   paschal'  Ixxij*. 

Eepris'  vis.  in 
Sinod'  iijs.  '^d.  pcurac'  iiijs.  \d. 

Et  valet  clare 
Xma.  ps.  inde 

List  of  Rectors. 

Robert  Laybum,  occurs,  1535. 

Braithwaite,  occiu's,  c.  1G42. 


£    s. 

d 

—      X 

( 

). 

s.     d. 

£    ij 

-( 

xij   — 

£ 

S.     d. 

£ 

vij    vj 
s.     d. 

X 

"ij    vj 
XX    V  ob 

1700  Galfrid  Wibergh. 

1701  Da^^d  King. 
1730  Thomas  Jefferson. 
1768  Richard  Dickenson. 
1817  Joseph  Gilbanks. 

A  conjecture  is  entertained,  founded  upon 
some  rather  vague  traditions,  that  the  chancel  of 
this  church  was  fonnerly  the  family  chapel  of  the 
Lamplugh  family,  serving  them  and  their  tenants 
in  the  townships  of  Lamplugh  and  JVIurton,  for  a 
chapel,  as  the  parish  church  was  in  the  hamlet  of 
Kirkland,  at  a  distance  of  three  miles  ;  and  that 
when  the  advowson  became  the  property  of  the 
Lamplughs,  it  was  removed,  and  a  nave  added  to 
that  part  which  now  forms  the  chancel. 

This  is  in  some  measure  confirmed  by  the 
following   extract   from    an    old    MS.  :* — "  Sir 

•  MaclieUMSS.,vol.6,^671. 


PARISH   OF   LAMPLUGH.  89 

Robert  de  Lamplugli,  knt [temp.  Hen.  II.] 

held  Lamplugh  of  Gospatrick,  fil.  Onn.  lord  of 
Wirkinton,  whose  son  and  heire,  Thomas,  fil. 
Gospatrick,  gave  to  the  said  Robert  Laniplugh 
the  patronage  of  the  Rectories  of  Ketell's  Towne, 
alias  Kelton,  and  Arlochden  :  But  Robert  trans- 
lated the  church  and  glebe  to  Lamjilugh  from 
Kelton,  and  thenceforth  it  was  named  the  parson- 
age of  Lamplugh." 

The  church  is  an  ancient  edifice,  situated  near 
the  hall.  It  is  dedicated  to  St.  Michael,  and 
consists  of  a  nave  and  chancel.  The  former  is 
very  plain  with  wliitewashed  walls,  and  square 
sash  windows ;  the  chancel,  however,  is  of  a 
superior  character,  and  retains  marks  of  its 
antiquity. 

In  tlie  church  are  memorials  of  Thomas  Lam- 
plugh, Esq.,  no  date,  {ob.  1737);  Frances,  his 
wife  ;  aetat,  80, 1745  ;  and  Richard  Briscoe,  Esq. 
1750. 

The  Manor  of  Kelton. 

Kelton  (i.  e.  villa  Keteli)  was  parcel  of  the 
manor  of  Lamplugh,  from  which  it  was  separated 
by  Ketel,  son  of  Eldrcd,  son  of  Ivo  de  Talebois, 
baron  of  Kendal ;  and  it  was  holdon  as  a  fee  of 
Beckermet,  as  that  was  of  Egremont.  Kelton, 
being  in  the  Harrington  division  of  the  Multon 
estate,  came  from  them  by  an  heiress  to  the  Bon- 
vills,  and  from  them  to  the  Greys,  Marquesses  of 
Dorset,  and  by  the  attainder  of  Henry,  the  third 
Marquess,  (see  p.  S,)  Duke  of  Suffolk,  it  was  for- 
feited to  the  crown. 

Philip  and  Mary,  in  the  3rd  and   Ith  of  their 


90  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

reigii,  granted  to  Christopher  Morys  (or  Moor- 
house)  and  EUzabeth  his  wife  (laundress  to  queen 
Mary,)  and  their  heirs,  the  manor  of  Kelton,  and 
the  appiurtenances  thereto  belonging. 

The  manor  was  afterwards  successively  in  the 
families  of  Leigh,  Salkeld,  and  Patrickson,  and 
ha\'ing  been  purchased  of  the  latter  by  Sir  John 
Lowther,  Bart.,  is  now  the  property  of  the  Earl 
of  Lonsdale. 

Salter   Hall. 

This  demesne  is  extra-parochial,  and  was  given 
by  Gospatric,  son  ofOrme,  son  of  the  above  Ketel, 
to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary,  York,  and  was  subse- 
quently consigned  to  the  priory  of  St.  Bees. 
After  the  dissolution  of  religious  houses,  it  was 
bought  by  Dr.  Leigh ;  Henry,  grandson  of 
William,  the  doctor's  brother,  sold  Salter  to  the 
Salkelds  of  "Whitehall,  from  whom  it  passed  to 
the  families  of  Patrickson,  Robertson,  and  Fryer. 
The  coheiresses  of  the  latter  married  Mr.  John 
Dickinson  and  the  Rev.  John  Baxter,  incumbent 
of  Arlecdon. 

The  hall  was  built  by  Thomas  Salkeld,  in  1586, 
as  appears  by  an  inscription  over  the  principal 
entrance. 

MtRTON. 

Murton,  or  Moortozcn,  is  parcel  of  the  Lam- 
plugh  estate  and  is  held  of  the  barony  of  Egre- 
mont.  It  gave  name  to  a  family  who  resided 
here  for  many  generations  ;  and  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  H.  became  the  property  of  the  Lamplughs. 


PARISH  OF  LAMPLUGH.  91 

The  present  lord  is  John  Lamplugh  Lamphigh 
Raper,  Esq. 

Charities. 

The  School  at  Lamplugh  was  endowed  in  1731 
or  1732,  by  Richai-d  Briscoe,  Esq.  who  married 
the  daughter  of  Thomas  Lamplugh,  Esq,  with  a 
rent-charge  of  61.  8s.  payable  out  of  an  estate 
called  Skeelsmoor,  in  Lamplugh;  the  sums  of 
40,s.  per  annum  for  the  purchase  of  books  for 
the  children,  and  3/.  12s.  for  poor  housekeepers, 
are  charged  on  the  same  estate. 


u  2 


trtjr  Uari0lD  of  JilatJerttUiaitf. 

1^^^^^^^3^^^%i  thvvaite,  otherwise    Wai/- 

^^^^l/li'l^S^^  fh-wahe,  is  less  populous 
^^^^fc--^S3C:i^Mi,  than  any  other  parish  in 
^™^" ]p' "^r "'" '  ''^^  Ward,  containing  at 

^^^^  I  k$.'l  [£SiJL=^  ^'^  ^^^^  census,  in  1S31, 
^^^^^^^J^^^^  only  139  inhabitants.  It 
^^^^^^^^^»^^K  extends  about  two  miles 
^^^^^=s=aJ^^^^  and  a  half  in  length  and 
breadth  ;  and  is  bounded  on  the  south  and  east 
by  Corney ;  on  the  west,  by  Bootle  ;  and  on  the 
north,  by  the  river  Esk,  which  divides  it  from 
Muncaster. 

An  ancient  poor-stock  of  20/.  belonged  to  this 

parish,  to  which  the  Rev Park,  rector  of 

Barton,  co.  Norfolk,  added  SO/.,  the  interest 
thereof  to  be  distributed  annually. 

The  Manor 

Belonged  to  an  ancient  family,  who  took  their 
name  from  this  the  place  of  their  residence,  and 
whose  posterity  afterwards  resided  at  St.  Bees ; 
at  Chfton,in  Westmorland;  and  now  of  late  years, 
at  Isell.  One  of  that  family  married  a  daughter 
or  sister  of  Arthur  Boy\all,  third  lord  of  Millom, 
son  of  Godard  Dapifer,  with  whom  the  said  Ar- 
thm-  gave  this  manor  in  frank  marriage.    It  came 


PARISH   OF   WABERTHWAITE.  93 

to  the  Penningtons,  ancestors  of  Lord  IMuncaster, 
the  present  proprietor,  according  to  Nicolson  and 
Burn,  by  sale ;  but  according  to  Lysons,  by  the 
marriage  of  a  heiress.  The  customary  tenants 
paid  "^^arbitrary  fines,  rents,  heriots,  and  boon 
services  ;"  but  the  manor  has  been  enfranchised, 
and  many  of  the  farms  are  now  occupied  by  their 
respective  owners. 

The  Church 

Is  dedicated  to  St.  John;  and  the  benefice  is  a 
rectory,  in  the  patronage  of  Lord  Muncaster.  In 
the  years  1421  and  1425,  Sir  Richard  de  Kirkby 
presented ;  and  in  1580,  the  rector  was  instituted 
on  the  presentation  of  Henry  Kirkby.  At  as 
early  a  period,  at  least,  as  1608,  the  advowson  was 
invested  in  the  family  of  Pennington,  with  whom 
it  has  since  remained. 

The  rectory  is  valued  in  the  King's  Books  at 
3/.  11  A'.  8f/.,  and  was  returned  to  the  governors  of 
Queen  Ann's  bounty,  of  the  clear  annual  value  of 
18/.  \6s.  6(1.  It  has  since  been  augmented  by 
that  bounty.  In  the  Falor  Ecclesiasticus  of  Henry 
VIII.  it  is  thus  entered: — 

Waykerwhate  Rector'  Eccl'k. 

Will'm's  Walker  incumbens.     Rector'  p'dca. 

valet  in              £  s.      d. 

Mansione  cum  gleba  per  annum    —  viij  viij  ^ 

Decim'   grauos.   &.    f'eni    xlvjs.  '\  w  £      s.      d 

viijc?.  molend'  vjs.  viijtZ.  Ian'/  \ Ixxiiij  iii 

et  agn'  vjs.  niinut'  ii  privat'  S  —  Ixv    vij  /               ■*    ■" 

decim'   ut   in  libro    paschal' W  % 

vj<.  \\yl.    In  toto                      J  J 


94  ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERNVENT. 


Eepris'  vis.  in                               £ 

s. 

d. 

Sinod'  Kjd.  procurac'  xxd.                                    — 

y 

^ij 

£ 

s. 

d. 

Et  valet  clare                               — 

Ixxj 

viij 

Xma.  ps.  inde                              — 

vij 

ij 

List  of  Rectors. 

William  Walker  occurs,  1535. 

1677  William  Granger. 

1698  Henry  Holmes. 

1704  Robert  Mansion. 

1708  John  Steele. 

1737  John  Steele. 

1776  Thomas  Nicholson. 

1825  Joseph  Stanley. 


HE    parish    of    Corney,. 
otherwise     Conihozc     or 
Corno,     extends     about 
three    miles    in    length, 
and  two  in  breadth.     It 
is  bounded  on  the  north, 
by    the    parish    of    Wa^ 
berthwaite ;  on  the  south, 
by  Bootle ;    and  on  the 
east,  by  a  range  of  lofty 
fells  extending  to  the  mountain  of  Black-comb. 
This   parish   consists   of  about   forty   scattered 
houses,  and  the  hamlet  of  Middleton-Place.     It 
is  remarkable  for  the  longevity  of  its  inhabitants: 
in  the  year  17GS,  Mark  Noble  died  here,  at  the 
acre  of  113  ;  in  1772,  John  Noble  died  aged  114; 
in  the  year  1790,  Wilham  Troughton  died  aged 
102 ;  and  in  the  year  1S28,  when  the  population 
amounted  to  only  about  290,  ten  persons  were 
living  in  this  parish,  whose  ages  averaged   86 
years. 

The  Manor. 


This  manor  belonged  at 
to  "Michael  the  falconer," 
assumed  the  name  of  Corney. 


an  early  period, 
whose  posterity 
In  the  reign  of 


King  John  or  Henry  III.  they  were  enfeoffed  of 


96  ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

the  manor.  This  family  is  supposed  to  have  be- 
come extinct  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  when 
the  heiress  brought  it,  by  marriage  to  the  Pen- 
ningtons,  ancestors  of  the  present  Lord  Muncastei', 
in  whose  family  it  has  since  remained. 

The  manor-house,  which  is  gone  to  decay,  was 
at  Middleton-Place,  where  the  manor-court  is 
held.  It  was  the  residence  of,  and  gave  name 
to,  the  ancient  family  of  Middletons. 

The  Church 

Is  dedicated  to  St.  John  Baptist ;  and  the  bene- 
fice is  a  rectory,  in  the  patronage  of  the  Earl 
of  Lonsdale,  who  purchased  the  advowson  of 
John,  first  Baron  Muncaster,  in  1803.  It  for- 
merly belonged  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary,  York, 
who  presented  to  the  living  in  1536.  It  is 
valued  in  the  King's  Books  at  9/.  175.  Id. ;  and 
was  certified  to  the  governors  of  Queen  Ann's 
bounty  at  22/.  lis.  lOd.  It  is  thus  entered  in 
the  Valor  Ecclesiasticiis  of  Henry  VIII. : — 

Comey  Rectoria  EccVie. 
Rob'tus  Hutton  incumbens.      Rector'  p'  dca. 


valet  in 

£ 

s. 

d. 

Mansiono  cum  gleba  per  am. 

— 

X 

— 

) 

Decim'  granos.  cxvjs.  viij(Z.  de-" 

^ 

( 

h 

*.    d. 

cim'  agneir  xxs.  minut'  et  de- 1 

r  . 

1 

>x 

— _ 

cim'  privat'  ut  in  libro  paschal'  \ 

>    IX 

X 

~    ■  j 

( 

\n]s.  '\W]d.  In  tot' 

; 

) 

Eepris'  vis.  in 

£ 

s.    d. 

Sinod'  xj«?.  procurac'  ij*. 

£ 

s.    d. 

Et  valet  clarc 

ix 

xvij    j 

Xma.  ps. 

inde 

— 

xix  viij  ob' 

PARISH   OF   CORNEY.  97 

List  of  Rectors. 

Robert  Hutton,  occurs  1535. 

1661  Francis  Berkeley. 
1666  Robert  Crompton. 
1677  William  Benson. 
1738  John  Fisher. 
1787  Peter  How. 

Allison  Steble. 

18. .   Thomas  Han-ison,  M.A. 
1840  Wilham  Benn,  B.A. 

A  grave-stone  with  across  and  sword,  but 
without  any  inscription,  is  placed  as  a  hntel  over 
the  door  of  an  out-house  at  the  rectory. 

Charities. 

The  sum  of  30/.  has  been  left  to  the  poor  of 
the  parish  of  Corney  who  do  not  receive  parochial 
relief;  the  interest  of  which  is  distributed  an- 
nually on  Christmas-day. 


Cftf  |?an0f)  of  tMtiftiam 

OiMPRISES  only  one  town- 
ship, and  has  no  village  of 
its  own  name.  It  extends 
about  three  miles  cast  and 
west,  and  one  mile  along 
the  coast,  north  and  south. 
If  It  is  bounded  on  the  north, 

_ by  Whitbeck ;  on  the  south 

and  east,  by  AfiUom ;  and  on  the  west,  by  the 
sea.  This  parish  has  been  variously  called 
Wliitt'iiigeJiam,  Wli'itcham,  and   Wlclieliam. 

"  At  the  west  end  of  Donerdale,  near  the  fells, 
foranenst  Milium,  stands  Wliitchcnn,  or  WicheJunti, 
alias  WhUt'ingeham,  all  which  (or  the  most  part 
thereof)  was  another  fee  holden  of  Milium.  And 
(as  I  take  it)  y^  place  tooke  that  name  of  one 
Wyche,  the  first  feoffee  of  the  same.  He  livd 
about  the  time  of  K*"  H.  1.  two  of  his  sonns, 
Will.fil.A\'yche  and  Godfrey,  were  witnesses  to  a 
mortgage  of  Kirksanton  in  the  time  of  K^'  H.  2. 
But  their  issue  generall  brought  the  land  unto 
other  familyes  about  the  time-  of  K^'  H.  3.  for 
then  one  Radulf  de  Bethom  had  the  land  ;  and 
the  6°  of  Ed.  1.  he  granted  estovers  to  John 
Parson  of  AMiitcham,  in  his  woods  there :  and 
one  Rob.  fil.  Radi.  de  Bethom  warranted  lands  in 
Sellcroft  and  Satterton  in  Millom  ix°  Ed.  1. 
But  the  manners  of  Selcroft  and  Whitcham  w^ere 
inanother  family,  nono  Ed'  Secundi;  asappeareth 


PARISH    OF   WHICIIAM.  99 

by  a  fine  thereof  levyed  betwene  Will.  Corbet 
and  Alicia  his  wife,  q.  and  John  de  Corney, 
def '  ."* 

The  manor  of  Whichamshall  or  Whichall  be- 
longed at  an  early  period  to  the  family  of  Bethom ; 
it  was  afterwards  divided  into  severalties.  Sir 
James  Lowther,  Bart,  pm'chased  this  estate,  a 
considerable  portion  of  which  had  belonged  to 
Mr.  Henry  Fearon  :  it  is  now  the  property  of 
the  Earl  of  Lonsdale.  The  manor  of  Whicham 
and  Silcroi't  l^clonged  to  the  family  of  Latus  of 
the  Beck,  in  the  parish  of  Millom,  who  for  some 
time  resided  at  ^Vhicham  hall.  It  was  also  the 
property  of  the  Mulcasters  or  Muncasters  of 
Cockermonth.  Part  of  the  parish  is  annexed  to 
the  lordship  of  Millom. 

A  tradition  has  been  preserved  that  a  battle 
was  fought  between  the  English  and  the  S  cotch 
in  a  field  near  AVhicham  hall,  which  retains  the 
name  of  Scots'  croft. 

The  Church. 

The  church  of  Whicham  is  dedicated  to  St. 
Mary,  and  was  given  by  "  Reynard  the  Fewer" 
to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary  at  York.  After  the 
dissolution  of  religious  houses,  the  patronage  was 
held  by  Hugh  Askew,  Esq.  who  presented  a  rec- 
tor in  1511.  In  the  year  1717,  ....  Pennington, 
Esq.  was  certified  as  patron :  it  remained  in  that 
family  until  sold,  by  Lord  Muncaster,  to  the 
Earl  of  Lonsdale,  the  present  patron. 

The  benefice  is  a  rectory,  valued  in  the  King's 

•  From  a  MS.  "penes   Dr.  Duiilon,"  in  llie  Macliell  MSS.  vol. -vi. 
p.  531. 

N    2 


100         ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

Books  at  8/.  15s.  lOcL;  and  was  certified  to  tlie 
governors  of  Queen  Ann's  bounty  at  49/.  13s.  3d. 
The  rector  pays  an  annual  pension  of  10s.  to  St. 
Bees.  In  the  Valor  Ecclesiasticus  of  Henry  VIII. 
it  is  entered  as  follows : — 

WTiittngham  Rector'  EecVie. 


VUj 


u. 

3-    I 


Joh'es  Wodall  incumbens.   Rector'  p'dca. 

valet  in  £      ^      ^^ 

Mansione  cum  gleba  pomar'  }  '  ■ 

&  orto  S  •^ 

Decim'  feni  et  garbas.  xb.  • 

Ian'  et  agnell'  iiij/.  pisciu. 

marinos.   x«.  decim'  mo- 
lend'  iij«.  iiij<?.  minut'  &  ^•viij    uj    iiij 

privat'  decim'  cu.    oblac'  1 

ut  in  libro  paschal'  xxx*. 

In  tot'  -^ 

Repris'  vis.  in 

Annual'  pens'  piori.  See.  Bege  1 

■S.S.  siiiid'  xxj£^.   procurac'  >  —     xv 
iijs.  iiije?.  5 

Et  valet  clare 
Xma.  ps.  inde 


£ 

;>ix 


J     — 


x 


s. 

XV 


£        s. 
viij     xiiij 
—      XV  ij 


J 
d. 


List  of  Rectors. 


John  Wodall,  occurs,  1535. 

1630  Robert  Crompton. 

....  Tubman,  occurs,  c.  1642. 

1720  John  Lawi'ey. 

1745  WiUiam  Smith. 

1794  Robert  Scott. 

1804  James  Satterthwaite. 

1814  AUison  Steble. 

1832  Alexander  Scott,  M.A. 


PARISH   OF   wniCHAM.  101 

The  Grammar  School  of  Whicham  and 

MiLLOM. 

It  is  not  clearly  ascertained,  says  Sir  Nicholas 
Carlisle,  who  was  the  founder  of  this  school, 
which  was  formerly  called  "  the  Gramer  Schole 
of  Whicham  and  ^lilham,"  being  free  for  both 
parishes. 

In  the  chancery  suit  between  the  inhabitants 
of  these  two  parishes,  which  continued  from 
1CS7  to  1G91, — it  was  contended  by  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Millom,  that  the  school  had  been  endowed 
by  one  of  the  Kings  of  England,  prior  to  the 
reign  of  (^uecn  Klizabeth, — whereas  it  was  insist- 
ed upon  by  tlie  inhabitants  of  Whicham,  that  the 
school  had  been  endowed  by  a  })erson  of  the 
name  of  Hodgson,  a  native  of  tliis  parisli. 

The  probability  is,  that  the  inhabitants  of 
Whicham  were  in  the  right,  because  as  the  parish 
of  Millom  both  in  extent  and  in  jiopulation  is  six 
times  greater  than  the  parish  of  Whicham,  it 
is  not  likely  the  scliool  would  have  been  called 
"Wliicham  and  Millom  School,"  unless  the 
founder  had  been  born  in  the  parish  of  Whic- 
ham. 

However  that  may  be,  it  appears  from  a  decree, 
in  the  year  1510,  that  IG/.  a  year  were  then 
ordered  to  be  paid  annually  out  of  the  revenues 
of  the  crown  in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  re- 
maining with  the  auditor  of  the  county.  And  it 
is  a  certain  fact,  that  that  sum  has  been  regidarly 
paid  by  the  auditor  of  the  revenues  of  the  county 
of  Cumberland,  from  the  year  1540  until  the 
present  time. 

There  has  been  no  subsequent  endowment : 


102        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

and,  until  within  the  last  fifty  years,  the  master 
never  received  any  quarter-pence,  nor  any  other 
emolument  for  instructing  the  children  born 
within  either  of  these  parishes,  excepting  a  gra- 
tuitous offer,  entirely  at  the  option  of  the  parents 
of  the  children,  called  a  "  Cock-Penny,"  at 
Shrovetide. 

The  necessaries  of  life  having,  however,  con- 
siderably increased  in  value,  and  the  16/.  per  an- 
num remaining  as  it  did  in  the  time  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  have  brought  about  an  amicable  ar- 
rangement between  the  master  and  the  inhabitants 
of  the  two  parishes ;  in  consequence  of  which  the 
master  receives  a  payment  with  his  scholars, 
augmenting  the  stipend  to  about  50/.  per  annum. 
Ten  scholars,  however,  are  taught  free.  The 
school-house  was  built  at  the  expence  of  the 
inhabitants. 

The  right  of  electing  and  of  removing  the 
master  is  vested  in  twelve  ti-ustees  or  governors, 
six  out  of  each  parish,  including  the  rector  of 
Whicham,  and  the  vicar  of  Millom,  in  pursuance 
of  a  decree  in  chancery,  made  in  the  2nd  James  II. 
There  are  no  exhibitions,  nor  any  university  ad- 
vantages, belonging  to  this  school. 

The  Rev.  John  Postlethwaite,  head-master  of 
St.  Paul's  school,  who  died  in  1713,*  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  this  school ;  he 
was  a  benefactor  to  the  adjoining  parish  of  Millora, 
in  which  he  was  born.f 

•  He  was  buried,  13th  September,  1713,  in  the  church  of  St.  Augus- 
tine, London. 

t  The  above  particulars  are  mainly  derived  from  Carlisle's  Grammar 
Schools. 


parish  of  whicham.  103 

Charities. 

A  poor-stock  of  33/.  belongs  to  the  parish.  Of 
this  sum  3/.  was  given  by  Daniel  Mason,  the 
interest  to  be  distributed  to  six  poor  widows. 
The  Rev.  Robert  Crompton,  rector  of  the  parish 
(1630),  gave  51.  the  intei'est  to  be  distributed 
annually  to  the  poor.  The  remainder  was  left 
by  unkno\\ni  benefactors,  half  of  the  interest 
thereof  to  be  applied  to  the  repairs  of  the  church, 
and  half  to  the  poor. 


HIS  parish  extends  about 
four  miles  along  the  coast, 
its  greatest  breadth  being 
about  two  miles  and  a  half. 
It  is  divided  by  the  Irt  into 
two  parts,  Drigg  and 
Carleton,  which  form  but 
one  township ;  and  is 
bounded  on  the  north,  by 
the  parish  of  Gosforth ; 
on  the  west,  by  the  Irish  Sea ;  on  the.  south,  by 
the  river  INIite,  which  divides  it  from  IMuncaster ; 
and  on  the  east,  by  the  parish  of  Irton,  and  the 
chapelry  of  Wasdale. 

Nicolson  and  Burn  say,  "  it  is  very  observable, 
that  the  lands  which  lie  on  each  side  of  the  Irt 
are  of  such  different  soils,  as  hath  hardly  been 
known  elsewhere ;  those  on  the  east  side  being 
altogether  a  deep  clay,  and  those  on  the  west 
and  north  nothing  but  beds  of  sand." 

Sir  ^^'illiam  Pennington,  of  IMuncaster,  the 
first  baronet,  made  a  horse  course  on  the  sands 
at  Drigg,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  where  a  plate 
of  the  value  of  10/,  was  run  for  annually  in  the 
month  of  May. 

Drigg  is  remarkable  for  producing,  in  large 
quantities,  the  finest  potatoes  of  any  part  of 
Cumberland.  In  the  latter  end  of  the  last 
century  they  were  supposed  to  produce  in  the 


PARISH   OF   DRIGG.  105 

market  of  Whitehaven  the  annual  sum  of  300/.* 
At  about  the  same  period,  Lord  Muncaster,  the 
lord  of  the  manor  and  the  lay  rector,  took  com- 
mon land  in  lieu  of  tithes,  and  enfranchised 
his  customary  tenants. 

Near  the  sea-shore  is  a  chalybeate  spring,  ■which 
is  held  in  esteem  for  its  medicinal  properties. 
It  was  once  a  place  of  high  repute,  and  visited  by 
invahds  and  others  from  many  parts  of  the  king- 
dom. It  possesses  every  physical  advantage  for 
becoming  one  of  the  most  fashionable  resorts  of 
the  kind  in  the  kingdom  :  tlie  adjoining  beach  is 
a  beautiful  sheet  of  level  sand ;  tlie  surrounding 
scenery  is  beautiful  and  romantic  in  the  extreme, 
— perhaps  one  of  the  best  views  in  the  county 
being  obtained  from  that  point ; — and  it  is  within 
an  hour's  drive  of  Wast-Water,  Devock-Water, 
and  many  other  minor  sheets  of  water  in  that 
locality. 

Some  few  years  ago,  three  hollow  tubes  of  a 
vitrified  substance,  were  observed  projecting  from 
the  surface  of  a  sand-hill  on  the  sea  coast.  One 
of  them  was  traced  downward  to  the  depth  of 
about  30  feet,  without  coming  to  a  termination, 
though  its  diameter  was  contracted  to  half  an 
inch.  The  substance  of  these  tubes,  which  are 
longitudinally,  corrugated,  appears  to  be  the 
melted  sand  of  the  coast,  but  is  extremely  difli- 
cult  of  fusion.  The  only  agent  which  appears 
sufficient  to  account  for  this  production,  is  the 
electric  fluid  ;  and  they  were  probably  produced 
by  the  action  of  lightning  on  the  drifted  sand.f 

•  Not  3000/.  as  stated  in  Hutcliinson. 
+  Sec  an  article  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Geological  Society  (vol.  ii. 
1811),  "  On  the  Vitreous  Tubes  found  near  to  Drigg  in  Cumberland." 

O 


106        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Mr.  John  Denton  says,  "  Dregg,  on  the  other 
side  of  Irt,  had  great  sort  of  oakes  in  the  elder 
times,  and  thereof  the  Scots  and  inhabitants  (at, 
and  before  the  conquest)  called  the  manor,  Dregg 
of  Derigh,  or  Dergh,  which  is  Oak  in  the  Scottish 
or  Irish  language.  And  much  old  wood,  beaten 
down  with  the  wind  from  the  sea,  is  yet  digged 
up  out  of  the  mosses  and  wet  grounds  there,  as 
in  divers  other  places  in  the  country ;  and  in 
Scotland  there  are  several  places  which  have  got 
their  names  fi-om  Derig  Oaks,  as  Glendergh  ;  and 
some  others  in  Cumberland,  as  Dundragh ;  and 
in  our  English,  Aikton,  Aikhead,  Aikskeugh." 

The  Irt  is  frequented  by  salmon,  and  abounds 
with  trout.  Camden  speaks  of  the  shell-fish  in 
this  river  producing  pearls ;  and  Sir  John  Haw- 
kins obtained  from  government  the  right  of  fish- 
ing for  pearls  in  the  Irt.  The  pearls  were  ob- 
tained from  muscles,  by  the  inhabitants  of  the 
neighbourhood,  who  sought  for  them  at  low-water, 
and  afterwards  sold  them  to  the  jewellers.  About 

In  the  "  Archives  of  Discoveries  in  France,  in  1813,"  are  two  papers  on 
some  remarkable  tubular  cavities  ■which  exist  in  St.  Peter's  hill,  near 
Maestricht.  They  arc  described  under  the  title  of  geological  organ-pipes 
from  their  peculiar  figure.  They  are  supposed  to  have  been  formed  by 
the  water,  that  formerly  covered  the  strata  in  wliich  they  exist,  displac- 
ing some  soft  or  loose  materials  and  filtering  llirough  the  mass.  Tubes 
of  this  description  are  not  confined  to  the  neighbourhood  of  Maestricht, 
and  it  is  conceived  that  tlieir  formation  may  be  all  referred  to  the  same 
cause. 

Among  Dr.  E.  D.  Clarke's  Experiments  with  ignited  hydrogen  and 
oxygen  gas  highly  compressed  and  passed  tlirough  Newman's  Blew  Pipe 
is  the  following: — Sand  Tubes  of  Drigg,  in  Cumberland. — On  exposure 
to  the  ignited  gas  the  fusion  was  instantaneous;  and  similar  to  the  fusion 
of  hyalite ;  leaving  a  bead  of  pttrc  limpid  glass,  containing  bubbles, 
like  rock  cr)'stal  after  fusion. 


PARISH   OF   DRIGG.  107 

the  year  1695,  a  patent  was  gi'anted  to  some 
gentlemen,  for  pearl  fishing  in  this  river ;  but 
how  the  undertaking  prospered  is  uncertain.  The 
pearl  muscles  do  not  appear  to  have  been  very 
plentiful  here  for  many  years ;  Nicolson  and 
Burn  observe,  that  Mr.  Thomas  Patriclcson,  of 
How-Hall  in  this  county,  is  said  to  have  obtained 
as  many  from  divers  poor  people,  whom  he  em- 
ployed to  gather  them,  as  he  afterwards  sold  in 
London  for  800/. 

The  pearl-muscle  is  not  known  or  spoken  of 
under  that  name  ;  although  we  have  no  doubt 
but  the  hsh  from  which  these  gems  were  obtained, 
still  exists  in  the  stream,  and  is  locally  called  a 
"  horse-fish."  It  is  a  bivalve  of  the  muscle  species, 
but  much  larger  than  the  muscle  used  as  an 
article  of  food,  sometimes  measuring  as  far  as  six 
inches  in  length.  They  are  found  on  muddy 
banks  where  the  water  is  nearly  stagnant,  and 
are  a  great  nuisance  to  ground-JisJters. 

The  Rev.  WiUiam  Singleton,  rector  of  I  lanslope, 
Bucks,  is  a  native  of  this  parish  :  he  is  the 
author  of  a  pamphlet  "  On  the  Duty  of  keeping 
holy  the  Sabbath  Day  and  on  the  Sacraments," 
8vo.  1805  ;  and  he  wrote  several  papers  which 
appeared  in  the  Monthly  Magazine. 

The  Manor 

Belonged  in  the  reign  of  Hcmy  H.  to  the  Estote- 
vills,  and  descended  by  a  daughter  to  Baldwin, 
Lord  Wake,  Baron  of  Liddell,"  of  which  Baldwin," 
says  Mr.  John  Denton,  "  William,  the  son  of 
Thomas  de  (iraystoke,  and  the  Lady  Adinghan, 
in  Fourness,  in  the  tenth  year  of  Edward  L  held 

o  -i 


108         ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

a  knight's  fee  between  them  in  Dregg ;  and  in 
the  29th  Edward  I.  the  Abbot  of  Caldre,  Patrick 
Culwen,  and  the  Lady  Margaret  Multon,  held 
Dregg  of  John  de  Graystock,  and  of  John,  the 
son  of  Robert  Harrington,  and  they  over  of  John 
Wake." 

Harrington's  part  subsequently  passed  with  a 
heiress  to  the  Curwens  of  Workington  Hall ; 
and  was  sold,  under  the  title  of  the  manor  and 
advowson  of  Drigg,  in  the  reign  of  James  I.,  by 
Sir  Nicholas  Curwen,  knight,  to  Sir  William 
Pennington,  of  Muncaster,  ancestor  of  Lord 
Muncaster,  the  present  possessor.  Major-General 
Wyndham,  of  Cockermouth  castle,  is  lord-para- 
mount of  the  whole  ;  and  a  considerable  part  of 
the  parish  is  held  immediately  under  his  barony 
of  Egreraont. 

The  lord  of  the  manor  claims  flotsam — wreck 
floating  on  the  water,  jetsam — goods  cast  from 
any  vessel  or  thrown  on  the  shore,  and  lagan — 
goods  that  are  sunk.  These  rights  were  tried 
and  adjudged  on  a  trial,  in  the  reign  of  Queen 
Ehzabetli,  between  Henry,  Earl  of  Northumber- 
land, and  Sir  Nicholas  Curwen,  knight.  A  degree 
in  chancery  confirmed  the  said  prescription,  and 
secured  those  rights  against  the  lord-paramount.* 
The  sea,  which  forms  the  western  boundary  of 
the  parish,  has  evidently  made  considerable  en- 

•  The  rights  or  privileges  of  the  lord  of  the  manor  with  respect  to 
Jlotsam,  Ijc,  do  not  appear  to  be  very  accurately  defined  or  clearly 
understood ;  some  maintaining  that  all  wreck  whatever  belongs  exclusively 
to  the  crown ;  others,  exclusively  to  the  lord  of  the  manor :  but  the  most 
correct  opinion  appears  to  be,  that  whatever  is  taken  out  of  the  sea  whilst 
(\/loat  belongs  to  the  crown,  and  that  whatever  is  left  aground  by  the 
retreat  of  the  tide  is  the  property  of  the  lord  of  the  manor. 


PARISH   OF   DRIGG.  109 

croachments  on  the  land,  as  at  low-water  exten- 
sive plots  of  vegetable  soil  or  peat-moss  are  visible, 
from  one  of  which,  two  or  three  years  ago,  an 
inhabitant  of  the  parish,  named  Mandle,  dug 
several  cart-loads,  which,  as  an  article  of  fuel, 
was  found  to  be  far  superior  to  the  peat  com- 
monly in  use  in  the  neighbourhood. 

Carleton. 

Carleton  is  a  constablewick,  lying  between  the 
Irt  and  the  Mite,  containing  the  hamlet  of  Hall 
Carleton,  and  Carleton  Hall,  the  seat  of  Joseph 
Burrow,  Esq.  It  contains  about  twelve  farms, 
formerly  holden  of  the  Penningtons  of  Muncaster, 
as  of  their  manor  of  Drigg,  but  the  tenants  were 
enfranchised  by  the  grandfather  of  the  present 
lord. 

The  Church. 

The  church  of  Drigg  is  dedicated  to  St.  Peter, 
and  was  appropriated  to  the  priory  of  Conishead, 
in  Lancashire.  The  abbots  of  Calder  had  ))art 
of  the  manor ;  and  IJishop  Gastrell  notices  that 
Anselm,  son  of  Micliael  de  Furness,  gave  the 
chapel  of  Drog  to  the  priory  of  Conishead,  and 
supposes  it  may  have  been  a  mistake  in  the 
manuscript  for  Dreg  or  Drigg.  In  the  Valor 
Ecclesiastlc/ts-  of  Henry  YIW.  in  the  list  of  the 
possessions  of  that  priory,  the  church  of  Drigg  is 
entered  as  follows : — 

Dccim'  capclle  de  Digidrego  viz.  xmis.  granos.  '^ 

k  feni  iiij/.  vjs.  viijt/.  Ian'  &.  agii'  xxxs.  vituV  f  £     s.      d. 
porccir  auc' k  gallin' vs.  oblac'  tribs.  dicbsAvij  vij    iiij 
prencipalibs  vjs.  viijrf.  minut'  &  privat'  decim'  W 
ut  in  libro  paschal'  xxs.     In  tot'.  } 


110        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

However,  so  totally  was  the  church  appropri- 
ated, that  it  became  a  perpetual  curacy,  and  was 
certified  to  the  governors  of  Queen  Ann's  bounty 
of  the  annual  value  of  51.  Qs.  i>(L 

On  the  dissolution  of  religious  houses,  this 
church  was  granted  to  the  Curwens,  and  was 
sold,  with  the  manor,  by  Sir  Nicholas  Curvven, 
as  aforesaid,  to  the  Penningtons  of  Muncaster, 
in  whose  family  the  tithes,  demesne,  and  manor  re- 
mained, until  Lowther,  Lord  Muncaster,  enfran- 
chised his  customary  tenants  and  took  common 
land  in  lieu  of  tithes.  The  advowson  was  sold, 
by  the  late  Lord  Muncaster,  to  Samuel  Irton, 
Esq.,  M.P.  of  Irton  Hall,  the  present  patron.  The 
present  incumbent  is  the  Rev.  John  Grice,  who 
has  for  his  curate  the  Rev.  Francis  Shaw. 

The  parish  church  of  this  place  is  very  humble 
and  unassuming  in  its  appearance;  being  entirely 
destitute  of  all  architectural  ornament  both  in- 
ternal and  external.  It  has  a  chancel,  and  a 
porch  at  the  western  end,  which  constitutes  the 
principal  entrance  into  the  body  of  the  building. 
It  is  dedicated  to  St.  Peter.  The  nave  may  be 
considered  the  original  erection,  but  at  this  re- 
mote period  its  precise  date  cannot  be  accurately 
ascertained.  Two  stone  crosses  until  lately  sur- 
mounted the  apices  of  the  eastern  and  western 
gables ;  but  on  rebuilding  the  chancel  a  few  years 
ago  which  was  in  a  very  decayed,  dilapidated 
condition ;  these  Christian  symbols  were  sacri- 
legiously knocked  off'  by  the  workman's  hammer, 
and  wrought  as  materiels  into  the  new  wall. 

We  have  no  List  of  Incumbents  previous  to  the 
year  1 676  :  since  that  period  they  have  been  as 
follows : — 


PARISH   OF   DRIGG.  Ill 

1676  John  Benson. 

1681  Joseph  Benn,  buried  INIay  25th,  1730. 
1730  Edward    Burroughs*    buried    February 
21st,  1776. 

1775  John  Steble,  buried  April  17th,  1780. 
1780  Clement  Watts. 
1797  John  Grice. 

There  are  no  inscriptions  in  the  interior,  ex- 
cepting a  small  tablet  erected  in  memory  of  the 

Rev Steble,  a  former  incumbent  of  the 

parish. 

There  is  an  old  register  belonging  to  the 
church,  by  which  it  ap])ears,  that  a  Mr.  Thomson 
who  resided  at  Thornllat  in  tliis  parish,  (during 
the  usurpation  of  Oliver  Cromwell,)  marriecl 
several  couples,  acting  as  magistrate  under  the 
usurper,  when  the  ministration  of  the  incumbent 
was  superseded. 

There  is  a  series  of  entries  of  marriages  ex- 
tending over  a  space  of  two  years,   1656  and  7  : 

•  Father  of  the  Rev.  Stanley  Burrough,  M.A.  rector  of  Cottesbach, 
CO.  Leicester;  17G3 — 1768;  rector  of  Sapcote,  to  which  he  was  present- 
ed in  1778;  and  many  years  master  of  Rugby  school ;  ob.  1807.  "  He 
was  a  very  worthy  man,  and  an  excellent  parish  priest."  He  was  a  native 
of  Drigg,  and  was  educated  by  his  father,  who  kept  a  school,  and  was 
minister  of  that  parish  and  Irton.  At  the  usual  age  he  was  sent  to  Queen's 
college,  Oxford,  on  tlie  old  foundation  ;  and  was  contemporiiry  with  Mr. 
Gilpin  of  Boldre,  Dr.  Harrington  of  Bath,  &c.  About  the  time  of  his 
taking  his  degree  of  M.A.  hu  w,is  invited  to  Rugby  by  Ur.  Rirhmond, 
a  fellow  of  Queen's  college,  then  lately  elected  upper  master  of  that 
school,  as  his  assistant.  Upon  the  Doctor's  resignation  he  became  upper 
master,  and  continued  to  preside  over  that  school,  with  considerable  repu- 
tation, for  23  years,  which  he  resigned  in  1778,  and  removed  to  Sapcote, 
to  which  living  he  had  been  presented  that  year  by  his  brother-in-law, 
the  late  Mr.  Frcwen-Tumcr,  of  Cold  Overton. — Gent.  Mag.  June  18U7. 


112        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

in  the  solemnization  of  which,  the  services  of  the 
clergy  seem  to  have  been  entirely  dispensed  with, 
and  their  sacred  functions  usm-ped  by  a  layman. 
The  following  may  serve  as  examples  of  the  en- 
tries : — 

1656. 
Richard  Gaytskell  and  Annow  Hunter  were  irarried  the 
xxixth  of  June  before  Willm.  Thomson  one  of  the  Justices  of 
the  Peace  for  this  County. 

1657. 

Nicholas  Powe  and  Margrat  Layton  were  married  the 
xviith  day  of  September  before  Willm:  Thomson  one  of  the 
Justices  of  the  Peace  for  this  County. 

Schools. 

Drigg — unlike  most  country  parishes — can 
boast  of  two  endowed  places  of  public  instruction. 
The  original  school,  which  stands  in  the  Carleton 
division  of  the  parish,  dates  the  period  of  its 
erection  as  far  back  as  tlie  year  1723,  and  in 
1727,  was  endowed  by  Joseph  Walker  in  the 
amount  of  260/.  for  the  education  of  the  children 
of  such  as  had  previously  contributed  to  the 
erection  of  a  school-house  ;  subject  however  to 
the  payment  of  a  small  annual  gratuity  to  the 
master  at  Shrovetide,  locally  denominated  Cock- 
Penny.  The  endowment,  however,  through  the 
indiscreet  investment  and  imprudent  management 
of  the  trustees,  is  now  almost  wholly  alienated, 
the  capital  being  reduced  so  low  that  the  interest 
accruing  from  it  is  scarcely  adequate  to  meet  the 
contingent  expenses  of  the  building. 

There  is  a  brass  tablet  inserted  in  the  wall 
immediately  over  the  fire-place  bearing  the  fol- 
lowing inscription  : — 


PARISH   OF   DRIGG. 

Joseph  Wallcer  de  Salt  Coats  banc 

Scbolam  fundavit  Anno  Dom.  1723. 

I  add  four  pounds  to  year  Building  of  tliis 

School  as  a  cheerful!  giver, 

That  the  poor  of  the  Parish  may  bo 

free  in  it  for  ever. 

Idem  Joseph  Walker  hoc  dixit  et  fecit. 

Trustees 


113 


Edw.  Burrough 
John  Thompson 
Moses  Nicholson 
Wm.  Beeby 
Wm.  Thompson 
Carlcton. 


Wm.  Postlethwaite 
Wm.  Singleton 
John  Cappage 
John  Pool 
Drigg. 


A   school-house  was  erected  in  1S28,  by  the 
Rev.  William  Thompson,  M.A.,  a  native  of  the 
parish  curate  of  1' arnwovth,  near  Prescot,  Lan- 
cashire. This  school  is  vested  in  seven  trustees,— 
the  Bisho])  of  Chester,   Lord    Muncaster,   the 
rector  of  Gosforth,  the  incumbents  of  Muncaster 
and  I)ri"-g,  the  master  of  St.   Bees  school,  and 
the  founder's    heir-at-law   in    perpetuity.      The 
Bishop  of  Chester  is  appointed  iv.sv/or, "  with  the 
usual  visitorial  powers  incident  to  the  office  of 
visitor  of  a   charity."      The  master  is  to  teach 
eight  poor  children,  natives  of  the  parish,  for  the 
payment  of  l.s.  entrance,  and   Is.   per  quarter 
each ;  but  he  is  allowed  to  take  other  pupils, 
who  pay  a  regular  quarterage  for  the  ditt'erent 
branches  of  learning  in  which  they  are  instructed. 
The   school-honse    stands   upon   a   new    site 
adjoining  the  church  ;    the  master  is  limited  to 
53   scholars   including   the  8   charity   children. 
The  quarter  pence  for  the  remainder  is  left  to 
the  master's  discretion.  ,     .     wv  .     .i. 

The  site  was  conveyed  by  deed  ot  gilt  to  the 


1  1  1         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

founder  by  the  late  Lowther,  Lord  Muncaster. 
The  endowment  is  42/.  per  annum,  arising  from 
moneys  invested  for  tlie  piu'pose  in  the  3  per 
cent,  consols:  40/.  of  the  proceeds  go  directly  to 
the  master  in  half-yearly  payments,  and  the  re- 
maining 40s.  are  at  the  disposal  of  the  trustees, 
to  be  employed  in  the  repairs  of  the  school 
and  school-house.  There  is  an  elegant  and 
commodious  house  adjoining  the  school,  for  the 
gratuitous  reception  of  the  master  ;  also  built  at 
the  expence  of  the  founder.  The  present  master 
is  Mr.  Isaac  Clements,  A.B. 


etc  IJaris!)  of  i!;2:ii)it6fcS, 

NCLUDED  ill  the  lordship  of 
Alillom,  extends  along  tlie  coast 
about  three  miles  ;  and,  inland, 
,  rather  more  than  two  miles.  It 
'  is  bounded  on  the  south,  by 
■  Whicham  ;  on  the  east,  by  the 
'mountain  Black-Comb;*  on  the 
north,  by  Bootle ;  and  on  the 
I  west,  by  the  Irish  Sea.  The 
whole  ])arish  is  comprised  in  one 
towii>hi[)  ol' its  own  name.  Its  remarkable  sa- 
lubrity appears  from  the  number  of  persons  \vho 
have  attained  to  a  great  age  :  the  Messrs.  Lysons 
state  that  the  register  shows  that  of  the  inhabi- 
tants buried  here  (previous  to  1816,)  rather  more 
than  one  in  five  were  aged  from  SO  to  SO  inclu- 
sive ;  f  and  about  one  in  eleven  from  90  to  99 
inclusive. 

The  surface  of  the  parish  is  uneven  and  irregu- 
lar, but  there  are  few  trees  to  give  it  a  picturesque 
appearance.  Some  parts,  however,  command 
extensive  views,  including  the  shipping  on  the 
Irish  Sea,  the  Isle  of  Man,  and  the  ^Velsh  and 
Scottish  mountains.  A  vein  of  peatmoss,  con- 
taining, in  some  places,  near  one-fifth    of  the 

•  Sec  an  account  of  Black-Comb  under  the  parish  of  Bootle. 
t  The  general  average  proportion  of  those  who  attain  the  age  of  80,  is 
said  to  bo  one  in  thixty-two ;  and  in  London,  one  in  forty. 

P    l 


116        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

breadth  of  the  parish,  runs  longitudinally  through 
the  middle  of  the  greatest  part  of  the  land,  and 
divides  it  into  two  kinds  of  soil ;  that  part  near 
the  sea  is  sandy,  inclining  to  a  clay  as  it  comes 
nearer  the  moss,  and  bears  the  name  oiLoKfiehh; 
that  part  above  the  moss  consists  of  heavy  mould, 
with  many  stones ;  this  soil  becomes  more  gra- 
velly as  it  approaches  the  base  of  the  mountain, 
and  is  called  the  HighfieUh. 

The  sea  has  encroached  considerably  on  the 
land  in  some  parts  of  this  parish ;  "old  roads 
and  hedges  are  visible  a  considerable  way  beyond 
[low]  water  mark."  Near  Gutterby-bay  is  a 
lai'ge  rock,  called  Blacklegs,  visible  when  the 
tide  is  out,  on  which  many  vessels  have  been 
wrecked.  A  medicinal  spring  near  the  shore  was 
formerly  much  frequented,  and  was  held  to  be 
""  a  sovereign  remedy  for  the  scurvy  and  gravel." 

Large  trunks  of  oak  and  fir-trees  have  been 
found  in  the  peat-moss  ;  and  about  the  latter  end 
of  the  last  century,  a  tree  was  dug  up,  with  its 
roots  and  branches  in  a  good  state  of  preserva- 
tion ;  the  trunk  was  about  seven  yards  in  length, 
and  two  in  diameter,  and  was  sawn  into  planks. 
Nut  and  acorns  have  been  frequently  found  at  a 
great  depth. 

One  mile  south  of  Bootle,  on  the  Barfield 
estate,  there  is  a  small  lake,  provincially  called  a 
tarn,  about  600  yards  in  circumference,  which 
abovmds  with  perch  and  trout.  Around  here  and 
on  the  neighbouring  morasses,  ignes  fatui  are 
frequently  seen  in  the  evenings.  Another  tarn, 
near  Gutterby,  produces  a  great  quantity  of 
leeches. 

It  is  stated,  in  a  communication  by  the  Rev. 


PARISH    OF   WHITBECK.  117 

'\^'illiam  Pearson,  in  Hutchinson's  Cumberland, 
that  "  when  the  wind  blows  from  the  east  over 
Black  Comb,  the  inhabitants  of  the  houses 
which  stand  close  under  its  base,  find  it  most 
violent ;  -when  the  wind  blows  from  the  sea,  the 
most  temperate.  In  Whicham,  behind  the  moun- 
tain, it  is  quite  the  reverse  :  so  that  when  ever  it 
is  calm  in  one  parish,  it  is  stormy  in  the  other, 
when  it  blows  from  the  east  or  west." 

The  same  writer  also  mentions  the  following 
customs  and  superstitions  as  then  (1794)  observ- 
ed in  this  parish  : — "  Newly  married  peasants  h-  g 
com  to  sow  their  first  crop  with,  and  are  called 
cornlaiicrs.  People  always  keep  wake  with  1' e 
dead.  .  .  .  The  labouring  ox  is  said  to  kneel  at  12 
o'clock  at  night,  preceding  the  day  of  the  nativity; 
the  bees  are  heard  to  sing  at  the  same  hour.  On 
the  morn  of  Christmas-day,  the  people  breakfast 
early  on  hack-piidding,  a  mess  made  of  sheep's 
heart,  chopped  with  suet  and  sweet  fruits.  To 
whatever  quarter  a  bull  faces  in  lying  on  All 
Hallozc-Even,  from  thence  the  wind  will  blow 
the  greatest  part  of  the  winter." 

The  Manor. 

This  manor*  Sir  William  Morthing  gave  by 
fine  to  the  prior  and  convent  of  Conishead,  to 
which  monastery  the  church  also  was  given  by 
Gamel  de  Pennington.  Mr.  John  Denton  says, 
"These  Morthings  and  Corbets  were  anciently 
seated  in  IVIillum ;  I  have  seen  of  their  names  in 
writings   and   evidences,   made   in   the  time  of 

•   Mr.  John  Denton  says,  "  the  church  or  chapel." 
Q. 


1  1 8        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

King  Henry,  or  King  Edward  II,,  and  to  have 
been  men  of  good  worth  and  quality  there ;  as, 
namely,  one  William  de  Morthing  and  John  de 
Morthing,  William  Corbet  and  Radulph  Corbet. 
Divers  of  the  Corbets  seated  themselves  in  Scot- 
land, in  those  famous  wars  of  King  Edward  I., 
where  their  posterity  do  remain  to  this  day." 

The  manor,  with  the  rectory  and  advowson, 
were  granted  in  1687,  to  Mr.  Lavei'ence  Parke, 
in  whose  descendants  they  continued  till  the  year 
1807,  when  they  were  sold  by  Charles  Parke, 
Esq.,  to  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  who  is  the  present 
proprietor.  The  Parkes  resided  at  an  old  mansion 
at  Whitbeck,  now  occupied  as  a  farm-house.* 

Monk-Force,  a  small  manor  within  this  parish, 
was  given  by  William  de  Meschines  to  the  abbey 
of  St.  Mary,  in  Furness ;  and  on  the  dissolution 
of  that  house  was  granted  to  the  Hudlestons  of 
Millom,  who  sold  it.  In  1777,  it  belonged  to 
Edmund  Gibson,  Esq.,  of  Whitehaven ;  from 
that  family  it  passed  to  the  Lewthwaites,  and  is 
now  the  property  of  Miss  Lewthwaite. 

Scoggerbar,  another  manor,  was  given  by  Sir 
William  Hudleston  to  his  second  son  Joseph, 
who,  by  the  death  of  his  elder  brother  Ferdinand, 
became  possessed  of  the  lordship  of  Millom,  when 
the  manor  was  reunited  to  the  said  lordship. 

The  Church. 

The  church  of  Whitbeck,  having  been  given 
by  Gamel  de  Pennington  to  the  priory  of 
Conishead,  is  now  only  a  perpetual  curacy.     It 

•  Lysons. 


PARISH    OF    WHITBECK.  119 

is  not  entered  in  the  Valor  Ecclesiasticus  of 
Henry  YIII.  It  was  certified  to  the  governors 
of  Queen  Ann's  bounty  of  the  annual  value  of 
dl.  14*.  Sd.  The  advowson  and  tithes,  as  stated 
above,  were  granted  in  1GS7,  to  Mr.  Lawrence 
Parke,  with  whose  descendants  they  remained 
until  1807,  when  they  were  purchased  of  Charles 
Parke,  Esq.,  by  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  the  present 
patron  and  lay-rector.  His  lordship  is  proprietor 
of  half  the  tithes.  The  benefice  was  augmented 
in  1747  with  200/.  by  the  governors  of  Queen 
Ann's  bounty,  and  250/.  given  by  the  patron  and 
impropriator,  being  the  produce  of  the  sale  of  a 
portion  of  the  tithes  ;  a  further  sum  of  200/.  was 
given  by  the  governors  about  the  year  17C0: 
with  these  benefactions  an  estate  was  bought 
near  Dalton,  in  Furness.  In  1785,  the  benefice 
received  a  further  augmentation  of  200/.  in  addi- 
tion to  200/.  from  Queen  Ann's  bounty,  with 
which  were  purchased  a  house  and  land  in  Whit- 
beck,  now  the  minister's  residence.* 

In  a  list  of  the  possessions  of  the  priory  of 
Conishead,  the  church  of  Whitbeck  occurs  as 
follows : — 

Decim'  ecclie.  de  Whitbeke  viz  granos.  ot  ^ 

feni  iiijA  vjs.  Ian'  &c  agn'  liijs.  iiijc/.  vitul'/  £        s.        d. 
pore'  auc'  ic  gallin'  xij«.  oblac'  tribz  dicbus  S  viij  xviij    viij 
prcncipalibz  vij*.  iiijii.  in  libro  paschaliL 
xxs.     In  tot'.  J 

List  of  Incumbents. 

1624  John  Davies. 
16. .   Richard  Huatson. 

•  Lysoni. 

Q  2 


120        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

1673  William  Robinson. 
1679  Lancelot  Walker. 
1709  John  Sawrey. 
1725  Daniel  Noble. 
1731  John  Romney. 
1734  John  Jackson. 

1736  John  Bradley. 

1737  Thomas  Green. 
1773  Thomas  Smith. 
1775  John  Atkinson. 
1791  John  Brocklebank. 
1825  Thomas  Caddy. 

The  church  is  dedicated  to  St.  Mary.  It  is 
an  ancient  edifice,  but  much  modernized  by  the 
insertion  of  sash  windows.  It  consists  of  a  nave 
and  chancel  of  the  same  height  and  width,  with 
a  bell-gable  at  its  western  end,  which  carries  two 
bells,  surmounting  the  entrance.  The  font  is 
of  stone,  and  is  placed  near  the  door.  The  roof 
of  the  nave  is  open  to  the  timber  work.  About 
sixty  years  since,  many  of  the  beams  were  cut 
down  by  Mr.  Edmund  Gibson,  of  Barfield,  stew- 
ard for  the  lordship  of  Millom,  by  which  the 
north  wall  sustained  serious  injury.  In  1794, 
the  chancel  was  left  unroofed  :  this  was  probably 
occasioned  by  the  alterations  now  mentioned. 
It  has  been  "  curtailed  of  its  fair  proportion ;"  and 
a  monumental  effigy,  said  (we  know  not  on  what 
authority)  to  be  "  of  one  of  the  lords  of  Whit- 
beck,"  is  now  lying  exposed  to  the  weather,  the 
east  wall  having  been  rebuilt  some  feet  nearer 
the  nave.  There  is  a  pointed  arch  between  the 
nave  and  chancel,  the  piers  of  which  have  been 
removed.     The  Ten  Commandments,  the  Lord's 


PARISH    OF    WHITBECK.  121 

Prayer,  and  the  Apostles'  Creed,  are  placed  on 
the  north  and  south  walls. 

The  only  monument  in  the  church  is  one  on 
the  south  wall  of  the  nave — a  marble  tablet, 
bearing  this  inscription : 

To  the  Memory 

of  those  regretted  Relatives 

of  whom,  within  half  a  Century, 

Four  successive  generations  departed. 

This  record  of  mortality  is  inscribed 

by  a  frateful  Survivor. 

JOHN    PEARSON,    was    interred    Feb.    7,    1772,    aged  81. 

FRANCES,  his  wife,  (a  Postlethwaitc,)..Nov.23,  1772, 70. 

WILLIAM,  their  son Feb.   8,  1795, 62. 

HANNAII,hi3wife,  (aPonsonby) June  15,  1800, 61. 

JOHN,  the  eldest  son  of  William Oct.  31,  1816, . 51. 

f  HANNAH Mar.  7,  1802, 8. 

HUChUdren)  JOHN, Julyl9,1818, 17. 

C  ELIZABETH, Nov.  2,  1818, 20. 

JOSEPH, May  9,  1829, 19. 

HANNAH,  July30,1830, 20. 

Eheu .'  fugaces  labuntur  anni. 

Miscellaneous  Antiquities. 

At  Hall-foss  are  the  remains  of  a  Druidical 
monument,  called  Standing  Stones,  which  formed 
a  circle  twenty-five  yards  in  diameter.  In  1794, 
they  were  described  as  consisting  of  "  eight  mas- 
sy rude  columns ;  some  of  which  have  lately  been 
broken  and  taken  away." 

At  Annaside,  near  the  sea,  is  a  similar  monu- 
ment of  antiquity,  forming  a  circle  twenty  yards 
in  diameter,  consisting  of  twelve  stones.  On  the 
north-west  side  are  the  ruins  of  a  building  through 
which  an  old  road  leads  ;  but  nothing  is  known 
respecting  its  antiquity. 


122        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

In  a  field  near  Gutterby  is  another  monument 
composed  of  thirty  stones,  and  called  Kirkstones. 
They  form  parts  of  two  circles,  an  exterior  and 
an  inner  one, — similar  in  position  to  those  at 
Stonehenge  in  Wiltshire.  The  interior  range 
has  two  sides.  The  stones  are  larger,  and  the 
circles  have  been  more  extensive,  than  those  in 
this  parish  previously  described.  About  200 
yards  to  the  south,  is  a  large  cairn  of  stones, 
about  fifteen  yards  in  diameter,  having  massy 
stones  for  its  base. 

Charities. 

Mr.  Henry  Parke,  of  Kendal,  mercer,  (a  native 
of  this  parish,)  left  400/.  the  interest  thereof  to 
be  distributed  to  six  poor  people,  nominated  by 
the  churchwardens  and  four  of  the  most  substan- 
tial inhabitants,  who  are  to  be  nominated  and 
appointed  by  the  Bishop  of  Chester.  In  1722, 
it  was  certified  that  an  hospital  was  built  for  the 
said  poor  people,  and  that  the  money  left  by  Mr. 
Parke  had  been  invested  in  lands  which  yielded 
24/.  per  annum.  The  hospital  was  built  by  the 
parishioners. 

In  1722,  there  was  a  poor-stock  of  30/.  the 
interest  of  which  was  applied  to  the  use  of  the 
poor. 

The  following  benefactions  to  the  parish  are 
entered  in  the  register  : — In  the  year  1580,  John 
Kitchin  gave  20  marks,  of  which  half  the  interest 
was  to  be  applied  to  the  use  of  tlie  poor,  and  the 
other  half  to  the  church.  In  1617,  Lawrence 
Parke  gave  10/.  for  the  like  purpose.  In  1634, 
Arthur  Myers  gave  10/.  for  the  use  of  the  school- 
master.    In  1674,  Henry  Robinson  gave  51.  for 


PARISH    OF   WHITBECK.  123 

the  like  purpose.  Henry  Parke  and  John  Hud- 
dleston  gave  each  a  donation  for  the  use  of  the 
poor,  on  their  going  into  the  hospital.  In  1735, 
Agnes  Walker  gave  10/.  for  the  use  of  the  poor. 
And  in  1737,  Hudleston  Parke  gave  the  interest 
of  61.  for  the  hke  purpose. 


^fic  Dari0t)  of  l^ootlr. 


HE  parish  of  Bootle,  other- 
wise Biitle,  Bothill,  or  Bo- 
tyU,  forms  part  of  the 
seigniory  of  IMillom,  now 
belonging  to  the  Earl  of 
Lonsdale.  It  extends  about 
six  miles  along  the  coast, 
and  is  about  two  miles  in 
breadth.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  south,  by  Whitbecki 
on  the  east,  by  Corney  and  the  mountain  Black- 
Comb  ;  on  the  north,  by  Waberthwaite  ;  and  on 
the  west,  by  the  Irish  Sea. 

This  parish  appears  remarkable  for  the  longevity 
of  its  inhabitants.  Since  the  year  1778,  but  not 
previously,  the  ages  of  those  buried  here  have 
been  given  in  the  register ;  and  like  many  other 
places  in  this  county,  the  average  age  is  very 
great.  The  Messrs.  Lysons  state  that  of  the  in- 
habitants buried  here,  before  the  year  1816,  about 
one  in  six  were  aged  from  80  to  89  inclusive  ;* 
and  one  in  forty-two  were  aged  from  90  to  ^% 
inclusive.  In  a  population  of  nearly  800  inhabi- 
tants, there  were,  during  the  last  year  (1840), 
only  four  funerals ;  the  ages  were  as  follow  : — 
88  years,  92  years,  14  months,  and  the  fourth  (a 


•  The  general  average  proportion  of  those  who  attain  the  age  of  80,  \i 
l«id  to  be  one  in  thiity-two  \  and  in  London,  one  in  fortjr. 


PARISH   OF    BOOTLE.  125 

pauper,  whose  age  was  unknown)  was  supposed 
to  be  the  oldest. 

In  this  parisli  is  a  small  bay  called  Selkers  Bay, 
where  it  is  said  that  in  calm  weather  the  sunken 
remains  of  small  vessels  or  gallies  can  be  seen, 
whicli  are  traditionally  said  to  have  been  left 
there  on  an  invasion  by  the  Romans. 

Esk-Meols,  wliich  extends  along  the  coast,  is 
remarkable  for  containing  a  large  rabbit-warren  ; 
and  on  this  estate  there  are  the  remains  of  an 
entrenchment,  certainly  Roman,  as  altars  and 
coins  have  been  found  in  it.  "  It  was  doubtless 
one  of  the  smaller  stations  constructed  for  the 
defence  of  the  coast  in  that  remote  corner." 

Mr.  John  Denton  says,  "  Next  unto  Whitbeck, 
in  the  comon  high  street,*  more  towards  the 
west,  is  Butle,  where  of  old  stood  a  mansion  of 
the  family  of  the  Cowplands.  They  bear  for 
arms,  or,  a  bend  sable,  on  a  canton  and  2  barrs 
gules.  I  have  seen  a  register  of  their  descent ; 
namely  S'  Richard  C'owpland,  k',  Alane  his  son, 
father  to  Richard  (who  dyed  seized  hereof  in  the 
2Gth  year  K*'  Ed.  i.)  and  left  his  estate  to  John 
his  son,  father  to  anotlier  Richard  C'owpland. 
They  continued  in  the  issue  maile  till  the  tim3 
of  Richard  the  second  and  king  Henry  the  iiii. 
and  now  their  lands  arc  transfer'd  into  other 
familyes." 

The  family  of  Copeland  of  Rootle,  where  they 
had  a  mansion-house,  became  extinct  about  the 
time  of  Richard  II.  Their  arms  were — Or,  two 
bars  and  a  canton,  gules,  over  all  a  bend,  sable. 
The  colieircsscs  married  Iludleston,  Penington, 
and  Senhouse. 

•  The  road  leading  from  Boolle  to  Whilbcck. 
R 


12G         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

The  name  of  this  parish  is  supposed  by  some 
to  be  derived  from  the  beacon*  on  the  top  of  the 
hill  above  the  town,  which  was  fired  upon  the 
discovery  of  any  ships  upon  the  Irish  seas  which 
might  threaten  an  invasion,  by  the  watchmen 
who  lay  in  booths  by  the  beacon.  And  for  the 
support  of  this  service,  the  charge  or  payment 
of  seawake  was  provided.f 

•  "  AU  the  ancient  altars  found  in  Ireland,  and  now  distinguished  by 
the  name  of  Cromlechs,  or  sloping  stones,  were  originally  called  Bothal, 
or  the  house  of  God;  and  they  seem  to  be  of  the  same  species  as  those 
mentioned  in  the  Book  of  Genesis,  called  by  the  Hebrews,  Bethel,  which 
has  the  same  signification  as  the  Irish,  Bothal." — Beauford^ s  Druidism 
Revived.  The  Greeks  had  their  Betulia.  Sanchoniatho  mentions  stones 
called  Betulia,  which  possessed  the  power  of  motion,  as  if  they  were  instinct 
with  life.  These  were,  in  all  probability,  sacred  rocking  stones ;  num- 
bers of  which,  erected  by  the  Druids,  are  to  be  found  in  various  parts  of 
our  own  island. — Faber's  Dissert,  on  the  Cabiri,  vol.  2,  p.  389,  note,  toI. 
i.  pp.  110— 112.  Betullo,  a  city  in  Spain,  mentioned  by  Pomponius 
Mela,  lib.  2,  cap.  6,  is  derived  from  Beth-El,  the  house  of  God.  Ibid, 
vol.  i.  p.  212,  note.  Bethulia,  Judith  4,  6,  and  elsewhere  in  that  book. 
Bootle  may  possibly  have  the  same  derivation. 

f  In  the  7  Eliz.  there  was  a  decree  in  the  Duchy  court  of  Lancaster, 
for  settling  the  customs  of  the  queen's  tenar.ts,  late  belonging  to  the 
abbey  of  Fumess  :  Inter  alia — It  is  further  ordered  and  decreed,  by  the 
said  chancellor  and  council,  by  the  full  assent,  consent,  and  agreement 
of  the  said  customary  tenants  [in  the  parish  of  Hawkshead],  that  the  said 
customary  tenants,  their  heirs  and  assigns,  being  tenants  of  the  premises, 
shall  for  ever,  at  their  own  proper  costs  and  charges,  prepare,  furnish, 
and  have  in  readiness,  when  they  shall  be  thereunto  required  and  com- 
manded  by  the  queen's  majesty  her  heirs  and  successors,  or  by  any  of 
her  other  oflirers  suflicicntly  authorized  for  the  same,  forty  able  men, 
horsed,  harnessed,  and  weaponed  according  to  their  ability  by  statute  of 
armory,  and  horse  meet  to  serve  in  the  war  against  the  enemies  of  the 
queen's  majesty  her  heirs  and  successors,  for  the  defence  of  the  haven 
and  castle  called  the  Peel. of  Fodra,  or  otherwise  upon  that  coast,  with, 
out  allowance  of  wages,  coat,  or  conduct  money  :  or  eUewhere ;  as  need 


PARISH   OF   BOOTLE. 


127 


Many  of  the  rude  weapons  and  tools  of  the 
early  inhabitants  of  Britain,  formed  of  hard  stone 
or  fiint,  and  resembling  those  of  the  South  Sea 
Islands,  have  been  discovered  in  this  neighbour- 
hood A  heavy  stone  hammer,  seven  inches  m 
length,  and  four  and  a  half  in  width,  was  found 

at  Bootle  in  1813.  ■        n     ■, 

Black-Comb,  a  sohtary  mountain  of  gloomy 
aspect,  takes  its  name  from  the  blackness  of  the 
heath  with  which  its  sides  are  clad.  He  who 
loves  "  to  sit  on  rocks,  to  muse  o'er  sea  and  tell, 
will  be  amply  repaid  by  climbing  to  the  summit 
of  Black-Comb. 

"  Close  by  the  Sea,  lone  sentinel, 

Black-Comb  liis  forward  station  keeps ; 
He  breaks  the  sea's  tumultuous  swell, — 
And  ponders  o'er  the  level  deeps. 

lie  listens  to  the  bugle  horn. 
Where  Eskdale's  lovely  valley  bends; 

Eyes  Walney's  early  liclds  of  corn  ; 
Sea-birds  to  Holker's  woods  he  sends." 

Althou^di  the  elevation  of  this  mountain  is 
greatly  inferior  to  that  of  many  of  its  neighbour 
ciants— being  only  two-thirds  of  that  of  bca-I' ell, 
Helveilyn,  and  Skiddaw,— yet  on  the  authority 
of  that  experienced  surveyor,  the  late  Colonel 
Mud<'e  it  is  said  to  command  a  more  extensive 
view  Uian  any  other  point  in  Britain.  "Ireland 
he  saw  from  'it  more  than  once,  but  not  when  the 
sun  was  above  the  horizon."  The  summit  ol  this 
mountain  was  used  during  the  late  ordnance  sur- 
vey,  whence  it  is  said  that  fourteen  counties  ot 

,haU  require,  and  shall  be  thereunto  commanded  and  appointed  out  of 
the  realm,  having  allowance  of  coat  and  conduct  money  and  wages  as 
inland  men  have.— Mco'son  and  Burn. 

R    2 


128         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

England  and  Scotland  can  be  seen.  On  a  clear 
day  Talk-on-the-Hill,  in  Staffordshire,  can  be 
distinguished  at  a  distance  of  nearly  100  miles; 
and  it  is  distinctly  visible  from  the  high  lands 
above  Everton,  near  Liverpool,  and  from  Bid- 
stone,  in  Cheshire.  Black-Comb  is  one  of  the 
first  objects  seen  by  the  mariner  on  coming  from 
Ireland.  "  The  base  of  the  mountain  being  on 
the  sea-shore,  the  prospect  from  its  summit 
abounds  with  gi'eat  variety.  The  sublime  ocean  oc- 
cupies one  half  of  the  circumference  :  rising  from 
its  surface,  on  the  south,  are  seen  Peel  Castle  and 
the  Isle  of  Walncy.  The  Isle  of  Man  is  a  con- 
spicuous object  in  the  west.  A  fine  indented 
coast  is  the  bulwark  of  Cumberland  against  the 
sea  ;  on  which  are  seen  Egremont,  Bootle,  Mun- 
caster,  Ravenglass,  Broughton,  and  the  pecu- 
liarly beautiful  shores  of  Duddon.  Far  in  the 
east  is  an  assemblage  of  mountains  that  we  sup- 
posed to  be  those  of  Coniston  and  Ambleside : 
perhaps  Ilardknot  and  Wrynose,  Langdale  Pikes, 
and  Helvellyn." 

A  cavity  on  this  mountain  is  supposed  to  have 
been  the  crater  of  a  volcano  at  some  distant 
period :  out  of  the  lower  corner  flows  a  rivulet 
into  Whicham,  which  springs  from  the  centre  of 
the  crater  :  the  depth  and  diameter  of  the  cavity 
is  several  hundred  yards  ;  the  fragments  on  the 
margin  are  of  vitrified  matter,  with  some  chrys- 
talizations.  There  is  a  similar  crater  or  cavity, 
on  the  Old  Man,  at  the  head  of  Coniston  Water 
in  Lancashire,  and  another  on  Helvellyn  ;  but 
these  differ  so  far,  that  they  have  each  a  lake  at 
the  mouth  of  their  cavities.* 

•  Rev.  W.  Pearson,  in  Hutcliinson. 


parish  of  bootle.  129 

The  Town  of  Bootle. 

Bootle  is  an  ancient  market-town,  "  supposed 
to  be  the  smallest  in  England."  It  is  about  six 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Ravenglass,  and  about  nine  N.N.E. 
of  Millom  church.  The  market  was  granted  to 
John  de  Hudlcston,  in  1347,  to  be  held  on  Wed- 
nesday, and  a  fair  for  four  days  at  the  feast  of  the 
Exaltation  of  the  Holy  Cross*  (September  14.) 
A  butcher-market  is  now  held  on  Saturday ;  but 
there  has  been  no  corn-market  for  many  years. 
There  are  also  fairs  holden  here,  but  the  dates 
are  often  changed. 

The  market-cross  is  surrounded  by  steps,  and 
has  four  shields  at  the  base  of  the  shaft ;  three  of 
which,  if  not  originally  plain,  are  now  defaced ; 
but  that  on  the  south  side  is  charged  with  the 
arms  of  the  lludlestons — formerly  lords  of  Mil- 
lom. 

The  dissenting  chapel  was  built  in  17S0  by 
Mr.  Joseph  Whitridge,  a  native  of  the  parish,  and 
a  member  of  Lady  Huntington's  connection,  for 
the  use  of  which  it  was  erected  and  endowed 
Avith  1000/.  vested  in  trustees,  who  have  since 
placed  it  in  the  hands  of  the  Independents.f 

Captain  Shaw,  R.N.,  the  founder  of  the  new 
school  in  this  parish,  has  a  residence  near  the  town. 
Cross-house,  a  little  to  the  north  of  the  church, 
is  the  residence  of  Christopher  Hobson,  Esq. 

The  Church. 

The  benefice  is  a  rectory,  and  the  church  is 
dedicated  to  St.  Michael.     It  was  given  to  the 

•  Cart.  21  Edw.  III.  m.  17.  t  Parson  and  White. 


130        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 


abbey  of  St.  Mary,  at  York,  by  "  Godard  the 
Sewer,"  or  Godard  Dapifer,  the  second  lord  of 
Millom.  In  the  year  1527  the  abbot  and  convent 
presented  a  rector;  in  1G60  Wilham  Pennington, 
Esq.  presented;  and  in  1664,  a  rector  was  in- 
stituted on  the  presentation  of  the  king.  In  1717 
Robert  Pennington,  Esq.  was  certified  as  the  patron. 
Lord  Muncaster,  his  descendant,  sold  it  to  .... 
Wakefield,  Esq.  of  Kendal,  from  whom  the  ad- 
vowson  was  purchased  by  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale, 
the  present  proprietor.  The  benefice  is  valued 
in  the  King's  Books  at  19/.  17s.  S^d.  and  was 
certified  to  tlie  governors  of  Queen  Ann's  bounty 
at  70/.  2s.  2d.    It  pays  a  pension  of  4s.  to  St.  Bees. 

The  registers  commence  in  1655  :  but,  in  se- 
veral places,  they  have  been  most  neghgently 
kept,  and  have  suffered  very  much  from  damp. 
The  present  vector,  however,  bestows  more  care 
on  them :  under  his  siirvcilhince,  they  will  be 
preserved  from  future  injury.  There  are  no  en- 
tries of  marriages  before  justices  of  the  peace 
during  the  Commonwealth. 

The  rectory  of  Bootle  is  thus  entered  in  the 

Valor  Ecclesiasticus  of  Henry  VIII. : — 

Botyll  Hector"  eccl'ie. 

Ricus.  Brounc  incumbens.  Rector' p'dca. 

valet  in           „ 
Mansione  cum  gleba  ette-  ?  ."■ 

nement'  p.  am.  \         '  ^ 

Decim'granos.xj'xiijs-iiijd~~ 

feni  .\iiJ5.   iiijt/.   dccini' 

lan'et  agncir  Ixiijs.iiijJ. 

decim'  pisciu.  marinos. 

vj«.  viijt/.  lini  &.  canabi  ^xix    xv 

iijs.  iiij(^.  columbar'  ij.9. 

minul'  ot  privat'  decim' 

cum  oblac'  lit  in  libro 

paschal'     Ixxiij*.    iiijc^.  ^ 

In  tolo 


d. 

ii'j 


iiij 


'"xx 


s. 


d. 

viij 


PARISH   OF   BOOTLE.  131 


Eepris'  viz  in 

Sinod'    ijs.  ^d.    procurac'  ) 

£ 

s.      d. 

iiij«.    v^.   annual'   pens'  >  —      x 

vj 

— 

X      vj 

priori  See.  Boge  iiijs.       3 

£ 

*.      d. 

Et  valet  clare 

xix 

xvij     ii 

Xma.  ps.  inde 

^xxxixviijob'q 

List  of  Rectors 

, 

Richard  Brown,  occurs  1535. 

IGGO  Richard  Ilutton. 

1664  Richard  Ilutton,  S.T.B.,  oh.  1704.* 

1704  Henry  Holmes. 

1729  Daniel  Steele,  oh.  1764. 

1764  Miles  Wennington. 

1771   Henry  Crookbaine. 

1776  Thomas  Smith. 

1789  Thomas  Smith,  oh.  1807. 

1807  James  Satterthwaitc,  D.  D.f 

1813  John  Fleming,  Senior,  oh.  1S35. 

1835  Alexander  Scott,  M.A. 

Within  the  last  three  or  four  years  the  church 
has  been  enlarged  at  a  very  considerable  expence. 
The  parishioners  came  forward  with  their  sub- 
scriptions in  a  style  of  liberality  which  reflects 
the  highest  credit  upon  them ;  and  they  were 
assisted  in  the  good  work  by  a  donation  of  84/., 
from  Tlie  Society  for  building  and  enlarging 
Churches ;  and  "  though  last,  not  least"  by  the  gift 
of  100/.,  from  William,  Karl  of  Lonsdale,  the 
patron  of  the  living. 

The  church  of  St.  Michael  of  Bootle  is  an  an- 

•  A  benefactor  to  the  school. 
t  Afterwards  rector  of  Lowthei. 


132         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

cient  structure,  but  has  undergone  very  extensive 
alterations.  It  was  repaired  in  the  latter  end  of 
the  last  century,  and  again,  as  already  stated,  in 
the  year  1837,  when  north  and  south  transepts 
were  added  to  the  simple  original  plan  of  a  nave 
and  chancel.  The  entrance,  by  a  porch  at  the 
western  end,  is  surmounted  by  a  bell-turret,  car- 
rying two  bells.  The  alterations  effected  lately 
have  been  so  extensive  as  to  render  it  impossible  for 
one  previously  unacquainted  with  the  church  to 
form  any  opinion  of  its  former  appearance.  The 
changes,  however,  in  this  instance  have  happily 
been  made  in  good  taste.  The  windows  are 
narrow  lancets  with  dripstones.  The  interior  is 
neatly  pewed ;  and  the  middle  aisle  is  not  en- 
cumbered by  the  pulpit  and  reading-desk.  The 
chancel  arch  is  circular.  A  gallery  has  been 
lately  erected  over  the  entrance  at  the  western 
end. 

The  font,  placed  in  a  pew  at  the  west  end,  is 
octagonal,*  with  a  capacious  circular  basin.  It  is 
quite  plain,  excepting  a  string-course  round  the 
centre.  The  top  part,  which  is  larger  than  the 
pedestal,  bears  eight  shields,  two  on  each  side, 

•  The  octagon  had  a  mystical  meaning  in  the  ancient  Christian 
church,  and  has  been  designated  as  "  the  most  appropriate  form  for  the 
font,  and  the  most  beautiful  as  well  as  the  most  ecclesiastical."  Some 
verses  may  be  appropriately  added  here,  which  were  written  by  St. 
Ambrose,  upwards  of  fourteen  centuries  ago,  and  inscribed  over  the  font 
of  St.  Tecla. 

"  Octachorum  sauctos  templum  surrexit  in  usus, 

Octagonus  fons  est,  muncre  dignus  eo. 

Hoc  numcro  dccuit  sacri  baptismatis  aulam 

Surgere,  quo  populis  vera  salus  rediit 
Luce  resurgentis  Chrisli,  qui  claustra  rcsolvit 
Mortis,  et  e  lumulis,  suscitet  examines." 


PARISH   OF   BOOTLE.  133 

with  this  inscription  in  text-hand  : — Un  nomtnr 
patrt  ii  filii  &•  spirit'  eiirtia.  There  are  also 
the  initials,  R.  B.  and  on  another  shield,  a  bugle 
horn*  and  the  initials,  j  ff.  The  former  letters 
might  be  the  initials  of  the  lord  of  the  seigniory 
of  Millom,  or  the  incumbent,  or  the  abbot  of  St. 
Mary's,  at  York,  to  whom  the  church  belonged.f 

•  Erroneously  stated  in  Hutchinson's  Cumberland  to  be  an  "  emble- 
matical anchor."  The  font  is  incorrectly  described,  and  the  inscription 
is  given  wrong,  in  that  publication:  see  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Jan. 
1795,  where  the  work  is  severely  censured  for  its  general  inaccuracy. 

t  "By  an  antient  Ecclesiastical  Constitution  (A.  D.  12.36,)  a  font  of 
stone  was  required  to  be  placed  in  every  church,  and  it  was  to  be  cipaci- 
ous  enough  fur  total  immersion.     At  this  early  piTiod  Fonts  appear  to 
have  been  regarded  with  peculiar  reverence,  and  are  frequently  preserved, 
whatever  changes  the  church  may  have    undergone :    for  this  reason 
Norman  fonts  are  very  numerous:    they  are  frequently  richly  orna- 
mented   and   well   worthy    of    preservation  :    their  form   is   usually 
square,  supported  on  five  legs,  or  small  pillars  ;  or  circular,  at  first  sup- 
ported also  upon  legs,  but  at  a  subsequent  period  assuming  the  form  of  a 
cup,  supported  on  a  single  pillar  or  pedestal,  and  riclily  ornamented, 
many  examples  of  which  occur  during  the  later  Norman  period:    some- 
times they  are  in  the  form  of  a  tub,  richly  ornamented,  or  with  four  small 
pillars  placed  againSl  it,  giving  it  the  appearance  at  first  sight  of  being 
square :  they  are  also  sometimes  octagonal.      Early  English   Fonts  are 
frequently  octangular,  but  commonly  circular,  and  sometimes  square  ;    it 
is  not  always  easy  to  distinguish  them  from  the  later  examples  of  the 
preceding  style,  excepting  where  the  ornaments  peculiar  to  this  style  are 
found.     Fonts  of  this  style  are  less  common  tlian  any  of  the  others,  ex- 
cepting perhaps  the  Decorated :  these  are  usually  octagonal,  sometimes 
hexagonal ;  and  though  the  cup-like  form  is  frequently  continued,  the 
pedestal  is  also  octagonal  or  hexagonal.     In  thi;  Pcrpendioilar  style,  the 
octagon  form  is  almost  invariably  used ;  but  in  other  respects  the  variety 
is  almost  endless.     Fonts  of  this  style  are  frequently  very  splendid,  and 
the  workmanship  is  usually  better  than  in  any  of  the  others ;    they  aro 
frequently  richly  panelled.     At  this  period  we  often  find  wooden  covers 
of  a  pyramidal  fonn,  corresponding  in  ornaments  and  workmanship  with 
the  font  itself:  a  few  of  these  may,  possibly,  remain  of  an  earlier  period. 

S 


134        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERVVENT. 

This  font,  which  is  of  marble,  has  been  (perhaps 
unnecessarily)  painted.     It  is  placed  in  a  corner. 

This  cover  ;:,  in  some  rare  instances,  fixed  to  the  font,  Tvith  an  opening 
at  the  side  'o  enable  the  priest  to  make  use  of  it.  On  the  continent, 
fonts  are  '  :  uently  enclosed  in  a  distinct  building,  either  attached  to  the 
church,  cr  S' dosed  within  it,  and  called  a  Baptistery  :  the  only  example 
remainir  lu  E^-gland  is  believed  to  be  that  at  Luton,  Bedfordshire. 
Fonts  are  usually  of  stone  or  marble,  but  sometimes  of  lead  ;  and  that  of 
Canterbury  ciliiedral,  used  for  the  baptism  of  infants  of  the  royal  family, 
■was  of  silver.  They  are  usually  placed  at  the  west  end,  near  the  south 
entrance  of  the  church. 

"  From  the  time  of  the  Reformation  to  the  days  of  puritanic  fury  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  I.,  there  was  a  strong  propensity  to  remove  or  neglect 
the  Fout,  and  use  a  basin  instead.  This  was  checked  by  the  church  as 
much  as  possible  on  all  occasions ;  and  by  the  81st  Canon  of  1603  it  is 
directed  that,  '  According  to  a  former  constitution  too  much  neglected  in 
many  places,  there  shall  be  a  Font  of  stone  in  every  church  and  chapel, 
where  baptism  is  to  be  ministred  :  the  same  to  be  set  in  the  antient  usual 
place.  In  which  onely  Font  the  minister  shall  baptize  publickly.'  And 
among  the  enquiries  directed  to  be  made  by  the  churchwardens,  in  1597- 
1604,  &c.,  one  is,  whether  the  Font  has  been  removed  from  its  accustomed 
place,  and  whether  they  use  a  basin  or  other  vessel.  That  all  these  efforts 
■were  ultimately  in  many  cases  of  no  avail,  may  be  learned  from  the  nu- 
merous examples  we  continually  meet  with,  but  we  rarely  have  the  tale 
so  well  told  as  in  the  following  extracts  from  the  parish  account  of  St. 
Martin's  church,  Leicester. 

1645.  'For  a  bason  to  be  used  at  baptism,  5s. 

'  For  a  standard  to  bear  the  same,  15*. 

'  For  laying  the  same  in  marble  colour,  5*. 
1651,  May  7.  '  Received  of  George  Smith,  for  a  stone  belonging  to  the 

Font,  7s.' 
1G61,  Feb. 4.  *.\greed,  that  the  Font  of  stone  formerly  belonging  to  the 

church  shall  be  set  up  in  the  antient  place,  and  that  the  other  now 

standing  near  the  desk  be  taken  down.' 
'  At  a  parish  meeting  the  new  Font,  fashioned  and  placed  agreeahle 

with  the  puritanic  times,  was  ordered  to  be  taken  down,  and  the  old 

stone  one  to  be  erected  where  it  formerly  stood.' 
1662,  April  8.  '  Paid  widow  Smith  for  the  Font-stone,  being  the  price 

her  husband  paid  for  it,  7».' 


PARISH   OF   BOOTLE.  135 

SO  that  six  of  its  sides  are  now  concealed  by  the 
walls  and  pews. 

A  brass  plate  on  the  south  wall  of  the  chancel 
bears  the  effigies  of  a  knight  in  armour,  with  the 
following  inscription* : — 

Jljrrc  Itftf)  Sir  Ujugfir  asUrto,  fcnygfit,  latf  of  Ific  sfllcr  to  lijinge 
lIDtoarti  tl)c  bj.  tofiirf)  Sir  |»ugftr  teas  maUr  ftnsglit.at  /ttiissrHorougti 
ftlUf.  ill  J1C  8rre  of  ourf  Horfi,  I'l  17,  aiiD  Sirti  tf)c  secoiiU Baj  of  fHarrJf, 
in  tJ)c  ptrr  of  our  E01I)  ©oil,  1  JO'2. 

On  the  north  wall  of  the  chancel  is  a  tablet 
with  this  inscription  : — 

In 

Memory 

of 

JOHN  BENSON 

of  Esk  Meals, 

interred  in  this  church,  July  19tli,  1764, 

aged  38  years. 

And  also  of 

BRIDGET  his  wife, 

and  daughter  of  Daniel  Steele, 

Heretofore  rector  of  Bootle, 

Interred  May  30th,  1761, 

Aged  24  years. 

On  the  south  wall  of  the  chancel  is  a  hatch- 
ment, with  these  arms — Argent,  on  a  fess  sable 
three  stags'  heads  cabossed,  or,  impahng  . . ,  three 

"  Unfortunately  '  the  fashion  of  the  puritanic  times'  still  prevails  in  too 
many  instances,  to  the  disgrace  of  the  authorities,  whose  duty  it  is  to  see 
that  the  canons  of  the  church  arc  otcyed.  So  lately  as  the  year  1838 
the  only  Font  in  a  parish  church,  Cambridge,  was  a  pint  basin  standing 
upon  a  four-legged  stool.  If  such  examples  are  suffered  to  remain  in  like 
places,  how  ran  we  be  surprised  at  the  preyalcnce  of  so  unseemly  a  cus- 
tom."— Glossary  of  Architecture. 

*  See  an  account  of  this  Sir  Hugh  Askew,  under  Seton. 

s  2 


136         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

greyhounds  current  in  pale,  sable;   and  bearing 
this  inscription : — 

KICARDVS  HVTTON,  S.T.B. 

Ecclesise  Botelensis  Rector  Doctissimus, 

Immortalitatem,  quam  Parochianis  per  Quadraginta 

Annos,  tarn  Moribus,  quam  Doctrina,  sedulo  prjcdicavit, 

Ipse  tandem  consecutus  est,  Calend.  Jul. 

A.  D.  MDCCIV. 

Cum  Vixisset  annos  LXXI. 

A  board  on  the  front  of  the  west  gallery  bears 
this  inscription : — 

This  church  was  enlarged  in  the  year  1837,  by  which  means  148  addi- 
tional sittings  were  obtained ;  and  in  consequence  of  a  grant  from  the 
incorporated  society  for  promoting  the  enlargement,  building,  and  repair- 
ing of  churches  and  chapels,  84  of  that  number  are  hereby  declared  to 
be  free  and  imappropriated  for  ever,  in  addition  to  315  sittings  formerly 
provided,  30  of  which  were  free. 

ALEXANDER  SCOTT,  Minister, 

JOHN  SHAW, 


■  Churchwardens, 
JOHN  BROCKLEBANK,     > 

We  the  undersigned  certify  to  the  above  : 

ALEXANDER  SCOTT,  Minister, 

ISAAC  SHAW,  Esq.  >  i„i,,bitants. 

WILLIAM  GRICE,   Sen.  i 
Signed,  H.  JONES  UNDERWOOD,  Surveyor. 
Bootlc,  dated  this  eighth  day  of  January,  1838. 

There  are  also  inscriptions  to  the  memory  of 
the  Rev.  Daniel  Steele,  rector  of  the  parish,  ob. 
1764,  aged  75 ;  and  the  Rev.  John  Wennington, 
B.A.,  oh.  1761,  aged  34. 

The  rectory-house,  a  substantial  stone  building, 
closely  adjoining  the  church,  and  surrounded  by 
noble  trees,  was  rebuilt  about  three  years  since. 

Seton  Nunnery. 

Lands  in  Seton,  or,  as  it  was  then  called,  Leke- 
ley,  were  granted  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary, 


PARISH   OF   BOOTLE.  137 

Holme-Cultram,  by  Gunild,  daughter  of  Henry 
de  Boyvill  fourth  lord  of  Millom,  in  the  following 
form : — 

Universis  sancta;  matris  ecclesiae  filiis,  Gunilda  filia  Hen- 
rici  filii  Arturi,  salutem  in  domino.  Noverit  univcrsitas 
vestra  me  mera;  charitatis  intuitu,  in  libera  potestate  et 
viduitate  mea,  dedisse,  concessisse  ct  hac  pra^senti  carta mea 
coufirmasse,  Deo  et  beatac  Mari;e  de  Holmcoltram  et  mona- 
chis  ibidem  Deo  servientibus,  in  liberam  et  pcrjietuam  ele- 
emosynam,  pro  salute  anima?  moa^  et  omnium  antecessorum 
et  succcssorum  meorum,  totam  terram  mcam  quam  llenricus 
pater  mens  dedit  mihi  in  maritagium  et  carta  sua  confirmavit 
in  Lekeley,  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  et  aisiamentis  ad  ean- 
dem  terram  pertinentibus,  sine  ullo  retcnemento,  in  bosco, 
in  piano,  in  agris,  in  culturis,  in  pratis,  pascuis,  et  pastursi, 
in  aquis  et  molendinis,  et  omnibus  aliis  locis  ct  rebus,  libera, 
quiete,  pacifice,  integre,  et  honorifice,  ab  omni  seculari  ser- 
vitio,  consuctudine,  exactione  (salvo  forinseco  servitio  quan- 
tum pertinet  ad  tantam  terram  de  feodo  unius  militis  de  tola 
terra  quie  est  inter  Esk  et  Doden).  Pra'terea,  dcdi  et  con- 
cessi  ct  hac  pra'senti  charta  meaconfirraavi  eisdemmonachis 
et  hominlbus  ipsorum,  omnes  libertatos  mihi  concessas  per 
cartam  Hcnrici  lilii  Arturi  patris  mei,  scilicet  ut  habcant 
scalingas  ubi  utilius  visum  fuerit  in  Crochcrch,  et  communem 
pasturam  cum  horainibus  pr;rdicti  Ilenrici  (ihi  Arturi  et 
ha?redum  et  succcssorum  suoruni.  Et  ut  animnlia  eorum  et 
hominum  suorum  tarn  longc  cant  ad  pasccndum  in  furestani 
praedicti  Henrici  et  hwredum  et  succcssorum  suorum  ubi 
voluerint,  ut  noctibus  possint  redire  domum.  Et  si  forte 
contigerit  animalia  sua  una  nocte  in  forcsta  mancre  absque 
consuctudine,  sine  placito  et  calumpnia  domum  redire  permit- 
tentur.  Ilanc  auteni  prfedictam  terram  cum  omnibus  perti- 
nentiis, ego  et  hferedes  et  successores  mei  warrantizabinius 
prwfatis  monacbis  contra  omnes  homines  in  pcrpetuum.  In 
cujus  rei  testimonium,  &ic. 

John  de  Ilodeliston  (Iludleston)  for  the  licalth 
of  his  soul,  and  of  the  soids  of  all  his  ancestors 
and  successors,  confirmed  to  God  and  the  monks 
of  Holnie-Cultram  serving  God  there,  all  the  land 
of  Lekeley,  whicli  they  had  by  tlie  gift  of 
Gunild,  the  daughter  of  Henry  Boyvill,  fourth 


138        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

lord  of  Millom,  son  of  Arthur.  The  witnesses 
were — "  Miche.  de  Hartecla  tunc  vice-comitte 
Cumbr.  .  Thorn,  de  Culwenne  ,  Robto.  de 
haverington  .  Robto.  de  Feritate  .  Thorn, 
de  Neuton  .  &  Robto.  de  Whyterigg  niihti- 
bus  .  Hugone  de  INIoriceby  .  Rico,  de 
Cleterue     .     Johe.  de  Morthing  &  ahis."* 

Joan,  widow  of  the  above  John  de  Hodehston, 
for  the  health  of  her  own  soul,  of  her  late  hus- 
band's, and  of  all  her  ancestors  and  successors, 
made  a  confirmation  to  the  monks  of  Holme- 
Cultram,  of  all  the  lands  in  Lekeley  which  they 
had  by  the  above  charter  of  Gunild,  daughter  of 
Henry  Boyvill.  Witnesses — "Dno.  Patric.  de 
Wirkinton  .  Dno.  Johe.  de  Langeluierth  . 
Dno.  Wydone  de  Boyuilla  .  Nicholao  de  Mo- 
risceby  .  Johe.  de  Cambtona  .  Hugone  fre. 
dni.  patricii  de  Wirkinton  .  Johe.  de  Thuay- 
thes     .     Willo.  de  Estonhing     .     Et  aliis."f 

We  cannot  ascertain  the  precise  date  of  the 
foundation  of  this  nunnery  :  it  appears  to  have 
taken  place  in  or  befoi-e  the  time  of  Henry  Boy- 
vill, fourth  lord  of  Millom,  (see  parish  of  iNIillom) 
who  lived  about  the  commencement  of  the  thir- 
teenth century,  as  Mr.  John  Denton  says,  "  the 
said  Henry  Fitz  Arthur  gave  other  lands  in 
Leakley,  now  called  Seaton,  unto  the  nuns  of 
Leakley,  or  Seaton,  which  of  late  were  granted 
unto  Sir  Hugh  Askew,  Knight.J 

•  From  an  ancient  charter  (published  in  Archoeologia  jEliana,)  the 

o.-iginal  of  which  was,  in  1830, "  in  the  possession  of  William  John  Charl- 
ton, of  Hesleyside,  Esq.  and  came  into  his  family,  iu  1680,  by  the  marriage 
of  his  great-great-grandfather  with  Mary,  daughter  of  Francis  Salkeld,  of 
Whitehall,  in  the  parish  of  All-Hallows,  in  Cumberland,  Esq." 

t  Ibid. 

+  The  Askew  family  derive  their  descent  from  Thnislon  de  Bosco. 


PARISH    OF    BOOTLE.  139 

"  The  deed  of  feofment,  made  by  the  said 
Henry  Fitz  Arthur  to  Goynhild  his  daughter, 
approves  the  same,  for  therein  is  excepted  as 
follows — '  Excepta  terra  in  Leakley  quam  ded'i 
Sanctis  monidl/b//s  servientibtis  Deo  ef  Sanctce 
Mariie  in  LeehleijaJ  " 

The  nunnery  was  founded  for  Benedictine  nuns, 
and  was  dedicated  to  St.  Leonard.  The  cIuutIi 
of  Irton  appears  to  have  been  appropriated  to  the 
nunnery  very  soon  after  the  foundation.  The 
date  of  that  appropriation,  A.D.  1227,  is  given  by 
Tanner  on  the  authority  of  the  register  of  Walter 
Grey,  Archbishop  of  York. 

Henry,  Duke  of  Lancaster  (afterwards  Henry 
IV.),  by  his  charter,  in  1357,  setting  forth  that 
the  priory  of  Seaton  was  so  poor  that  it  could 
not  sufficiently  maintain  the  prioress  and  nuns, 
grants  to  them  in  aid  tlie  hospital  of  St.  Leonard 
at  Lancaster,  with  power  to  appoint  the  chantry 
priest  to  officiate  in  the  said  hospital,  in  the  fol- 
lowing form  : — 

Henricus  dux  Lancastriae,  comes  Derbia?,  Lincoliiiw,  ic 
Leycestrioe,  &  Senescallus  Aiiglitc,  Omnibus  ad  quos  proc- 
sentes  literae  porvenerint  salutem.  Sciatis  pro  co  quod 
accepimus  ex  testimonio  iidedigno,  quod  Prioratus  de  Setoii 
in  comitatu  Cumbria?  ila  exilis  existit,  quod  ad  sustenta- 
tionem  Priorisste  &  monialium  cjusdem  Prioratus  sufRcere 
non  possit :  Nos  in  honorc  Dei  4c  sancti  Leonardi,  &  prae- 
textu  liccntia;  excellenlissimi  principis  domini  nostri  Regis 
Anglif-p  Sc  Franci.c  illiistris,  nobis,  &  pra?fatis  Priorissa?  & 
monialibus  per  literas  Patcntcs  ipsius  Regis  factw,  dc  Hos- 
pitali  sancti  Leonardi  de  Lancastria,  quod  jam  vacat,  k 
collation!    nostr.c  de  jure  spcctat,   auxilium  sustcntationis 

who  lived,  in  the  reign  of  John,  at  Aikskeugh,  near  Mllloni,  and  after- 
wards at  Graymains,  near  Muncastf  r.  Anne  Askew,  whose  name  stands 
80  eminent  in  the  pages  of  martyrology,  was  one  of  his  descendant. — 
Beauties  of  England  S^c.  xv.  234. 


140        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

earundem  Priorissae  &  monialium  apponere  volentes,  dedi- 
mus,  &  concessimus  pro  nobis  et  haeredibus  nostris,  quantum 
in  nobis  est,  praefatis  Priorissae  k  monialibus  dictum  Hos- 
pitale,  cum  omnibus  terris  &  possessionibus  ad  idem  Hos- 
tale  spectantibus.  Habendum  eisdem  Priorissae  et  Monial- 
ibus, et  successoribus  suis,  in  puram  &  perpetuam  elemosi- 
nam,  tanquam  dicto  Prioratui  annexum  imperpetuum. 
Concessimus  etiam  eisdem  Priorissae  &c  monialibus  quod 
ilia  cantaria,  quae  solebat  esse  in  dicto  Hospitali  de  uno 
capellano,  divina  singulis  diebus  celebrando,  valeat  in  dicto 
Prioratu,  per  easdem  Priorissam  k  moniales  inveneri  sine 
impedimento  nostri,  vel  haeredum  nostrorum.  Ita  semper 
quod  Burgenses  nostri  de  Lancaster,  ad  hoc  concordare 
voluerint,  S^  quod  faciant  elemosinas,  &.  alia  onera  eidem 
Hospitali,  de  jure  et  ab  antiquo  incumbencia.  In  cujus  rei 
testimonium  has  Literas  nostras  fieri  fecimus  Patentes.    Teste 

apud  Prestone,  primo  die ducatus  nostri 

sexto.* 

De  eodem  Hospitali. 

Juratores  dicunt  super  Sacramentum  suum  quod  Johannes 
rex  Angliae  fundabat  Hospitale  sancti  Leonardi  apud  Lan- 
castrian!, pro  uno  Majistro,  &  uno  capellano  ic  novem  pau- 
peribus,  quorum  tres  erint  leprosi,  &;  alii  sani.  Quilibet 
eorum  capiet  per  diem  unum  panem  qui  ponderabit  octavam 
partem  unius  petrae,  ^'  habebunt  potagium  tres  dies  in  sep- 
timana;  videlicit,  die  Dominica,  die  Luna' i.\' die  Veneris, 
valet  G.lib.  6.s.  S.d.f 

Thomas  York,  abbot  of  Holme-Cultram,  by 
indenture,  dated  ISth  October,  1459,  leased  to 
Elizabeth  Creft,  prioress  of  Seton,  all  the  lands 
between  the  rivers  Esk  and  Duddon,  for  twelve 
years,  at  the  yearly  rent  of  20.5. 

The  following  are  the  particulars  of  the  entry 
of  the  nunnery  in  the  Valor  Ecclesiast'ictis  of 
Henry  VIII. 

Prioratus  Monialiu'  De  Seton. 
Joh'a  Seton  priorissa  ib'm. 
Com'  Cumbr'.  Tempalia. 

•  Dugdalc's  Monast.  Aug. — "  Ex  autog.  in  officio  annonim." 
t  Ibid. — Inq.  ad  quod  damnum. 


PARISH    OF   BOOTLE. 


141 


Valet  in  £     s.      d. 

Situ  prioratus  pdict'.  cum  terr'  dnicalibs.  > ^^^^  

eidm.  annexat'  per  annu.  S 

Redd'  ^-  firmis  divs'.  tent',  in  WTiitebyke  1 

vs.  tent',  in  Furdes  iijs.  iiijci.  un'  tent'.  >  —  xiiij    liij 
in  BoUe  vjs.     In  toto.  j 

Com'  Lancastr'.  Tempalia. 
Valet  in 
Redd'  A-  firmis  divs'.  terr'  Sf  tent',  in  villa 
Lancastr'  p.  annu. 


£ 


s. 


d. 
iiij 


£ 
viij 


s. 
iiij 


d. 
viij 


\- 


Com'  Cumbr'.  Sp'ualia 
Valet  in 

Gleba  ecclie.  de  Hirton  cu. 
terr'  adjacen'  p.  am. 

Decim'   granos  xxij*.  viij<?."^ 
agn'  x».  Ian'  xvj«.  gall'  auc' 
pore'  &:  vitul'  ij*.  '\\\]d.  ob-  [ 
lac'  tribz  diebz  prencipa-  r 
libz  xs.  minut'  &;.  privat' 
decim'  ut  in  libro  paschali  J 
xl*.     In  tot' 


£    s.    d. 

xj  viij 


—  cj   — 


£ 


s. 

cxij 


d. 

viij 


£      s. 
xiij  xvij 


d. 
iiij 


Sma.  omi'.  tempaliu.  &  sp'ualiu.  ) 
priorat'  pdc'.  S 

Repris'. 
Pens'  ^-  Sinod'  viz  in 
Pens'  anti'.  solut'  priori  Sci.  Bigge  xijJ.  ^ 
sinod"  A-  pcurac'.  ecclie.  de  Hirton  iiij*.  > 
\\]d.  ob'  J 

Elemos'  viz  in 
Elemos'  dat  anti'.paupibz.in  die  parasphise 
tam  in  pcio.  duos,  quarlcrios.  siliginis 
qam.indenar'exfund'iyantiquaconsuet' 

£      s.      d. 
—    XXV  —  ob' 

£  *.  d. 

Et  valet  Clare                          xij  xij  — 

Xma.  ps.  inde                         —  xxv  ij 
T 


s. 

V 


£      s. 

X.X 


d. 

iij 


d. 


ob' 


ob' 
ob' 


142         ALLERDAiE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

At  the  dissolution,  the  possessions  of  this 
nunnery  were  of  the  annual  value  of  12/.  125.  6d. 
according  to  Dugdale,  or,  by  Speed's  valuation, 
13/.  17*.  4f/.  Tanner  says  "Henry  Kirby  was 
accounted  patron  about  the  time  of  the  dissolu- 
tion." In  the  year  1542  (33rd  Henry  VIII.), 
the  nunnery  was  granted  to  Sir  Hugh  Askew, 
knight,  to  hold  of  the  king  in  caphe  by  the  ser- 
vice of  the  twentieth  part  of  one  knight's  fee,  and 
the  rent  of  9s.  2d.  to  be  paid  yearly  into  the 
court  of  augmentations.  Sir  Hugh  settled  the 
same  upon  his  wife  (a  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Hudleston),  and  she,  after  his  death,  marrying 
into  the  family  of  the  Penningtons  of  Muncaster, 
gave  the  same  to  her  younger  son,  William 
Pennington.  It  is  now  the  property  of  Edward 
Wakefield,  Esq.  of  Kendal,  by  purchase  of  John, 
Lord  Muncaster,  a  descendant  of  the  Penning- 
tons. 

In  the  5th  and  Cth  Philip  and  Mary,  Thomas 
Reve  and  Nicholas  Pynde,  of  London,  gentlemen, 
purchased  of  the  crown  the  above-named  rent  of 
9*.  2d.  together  with  divers  free  rents  in  Seton 
late  belonging  to  the  nunnery. 

Of  Seton  and  the  above  Sir  Hugh  Askew,  we 
have  the  following  account  in  Sandford's  MS. 
Account  of  Cumberland  : — "  Ffour  miles  south- 
ward stands  Seaton,  an  estate  of  j€500  per  annum, 
sometimes  a  religious  house,  got  by  one  Sir  Hugo 
Askew,  yeoman  of  the  seller  to  Queen  Catharine 
in  Henry  Eight's  time,  and  born  in  this  contry. 
And  when  that  Queen  was  divorced  from  her 
husband,  this  yeoman  was  destitute.  And  he 
applied  for  help  to  [the]  Lo.  Chamberlain  for 
some    place    or    other    in    the    king's    service. 


PARISH   OF   BOOTLE.  143 

The  Lord  Steward  knew  him  well,  because  he 
had  helpt  to  a  cup  [of]  wine  ther  before,  but 
told  him  he  had  no  place  for  him  but  a  Charcoal 
carrier.  '  Well'  quoth  this  monsir  Askew,  '  help 
me  in  with  one  foot,  and  let  me  gett  in  the  other 
as  I  can.'  And  upon  a  great  holiday,  the  king 
looking  out  at  some  sports.  Askew  got  a  courtier, 
a  friend  of  his,  to  stand  before  the  king ;  and 
Askew  gott  on  his  velvet  cassock  and  his  gold 
chine,  and  baskett  of  chercole  on  his  back,  and 
marched  in  the  king's  sight  with  it.  'O,'  saith 
tlie  king,  '  now  I  like  yonder  fellow  well,  that 
disdains  not  to  doe  his  dirty  office  in  his  dainty 
clothes  :  what  is  he  ?'  Says  his  friende  that  stood 
by  on  ])urpose,  'It  is  M'  Askew,  that  was  yeoman 
of  the  seller  to  the  late  Queen's  ma'"'  and  now 
glad  of  this  poor  place  to  keep  him  in  y'  ma"''  ser- 
vice, which  he  will  not  forsake  for  all  the  world.' 
The  king  says,  '  I  had  the  best  wine  when  he  was 
i'th  celler.  He  is  a  gallant  wine-taster  :  let  him 
have  his  place  againe  ;'  and  aftei  wards  knighted 
him ;  and  he  sold  his  place,  and  married  the 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Hudleston;  (and  purchased* 
this  religious  place  of  Seaton,  nye  wher  he  was 
borne,  of  an  ancient  h'eehold  family,)  and  settled 
this  Seaton  upon  her,  and  she  afterwards  married 
monsir  Penington,  Lo  :  of  iMontcaster,  and  had 
Rlr.  Joseph  and  a  yonger  son  with  Penington, 
and  gave  him  this  Seaton." 

There  are  few  remains  of  the  conventual  build- 
ings now  left :  some  part  of  the  priory-chapel  is 
still  standing,  particularly  a  fine  window  with 

•  Qu.  Had  ft  grant  of? 
T    2 


144        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

lancets,  in  the  style  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

Seton-hall,  formerly  a  part  of  the  conventual 
buildings,  and  subsequently  the  residence  of  Sir 
Hugh  Askew,  is  now  occupied  as  a  farm-house. 

Charities. 

The  Old  School. — This  school  is  endowed  with 
about  21/.  per  annum  arising  from  several  be- 
quests : — 200/.  was  given  by  Air.  Singleton ;  50/. 
by  the  Rev.  Richard  Hutton,  B.D.  rector  of 
Bootle,  who  died  in  1704 ;  and  several  other 
benefactors.  The  sum  of  416/.  lis.  is  vested  in 
the  harbour  of  Whitehaven.  For  the  endowment 
the  master  educates  gratuitously  six  children  of 
this  parish,  and  also  the  children  from  three  estates 
in  the  parish  of  Corney — Middleton-place,  White- 
stone,  and  Kinmont ;  and  from  the  estate  of 
Annaside,  in  the  parish  of  Whitbeck. 

The  Neio  School. — A  very  handsome  and  com- 
modious school-house  was  erected,  in  1830,  by 
Captain  Shaw,  R.N.  who  resides  in  this  parish. 
Both  boys  and  girls  receive  their  education  here. 
The  salaries  of  the  master  and  mistress  are  raised 
by  subscription. 

Poor  Stock. — There  is  an  antient  poor-stock  of 
20/.  belonging  to  the  parish  ;  the  interest  of  which 
was  distributed  annually  to  the  poor,  on  St. 
Thomas's  day.  This  has  not  been  paid  since  the 
new  poor-law  came  into  operation. 

Ann  Hodgson's  Bequest. — Ann  Hodgson,  a 
native  of  Bootle,  left  50/.  the  interest  to  be  given 
annually  to  the  poor  who  do  not  receive  parochial 
relief. 


tTftc  Davm  of  fttillom 


ONTAINS  the  townships 
of  Bh-ker  and  Awsthwaite, 
Millom  Above,  Millom  Be- 
low, and  Chapel  Sucken,and 
the  parochial  chapclries  of 
Ulpha  and  Thwaites.  It 
has  been  otherwise  spelt — 

.         3Iinian,Mil/iam,and  Milium. 

This"parishinhe  extreme  southern  part  of  the 
county;  and  is  bounded  on  the  east,  by  the 
Duddon,  which  divides  it  from  Furness  in  Lan- 
cashire ;  on  the  north,  by  the  Esk,  which  divides 
it  from  the  parish  of  Muncaster,  and  the  chapelry 
of  Eskdale;  on  the  west,  by  the  parishes  ot 
Waberthwaite,  Corney,  Bootle,  Whitbcck,  and 
Whicham  ;  and  on  the  south,  by  the  moutii  of 
the  Duddon.  The  length  of  this  parish,  troni 
north  to  south,  is  about  eighteen  miles,  and  its 
average  breadth  from  two  to  four. 

This  jjarish  appears  isolated  by  the  mountauis 
and  the  Duddon.  The  southern  part  is  in  general 
fertile  :  but  a  large  portion  in  the  north  consists 
of  wastes  and  pasture-grounds.  The  chapelry  of 
Ulpha  contains  extensive  woodlands  and  mountam 
tracts,  with  some  good  grazing  ground;  and 
Thwaites  cliapelrv  affords  excellent  pasture.  Part 
of  the  parish  is  much  exposed  to  the  winds  from 


146         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

the  Irish  Sea,  and  vegetation  is  frequently  retarded 
by  the  beating  rains  or  the  driving  sands. 

Mr.  T.  Denton,  writing  in  1688,  speaks  of  iron 
forges  in  this  parish,  to  supply  which,  oak  to  the 
value  of  4,000/.  had  been  cut  down  in  the  park. 
The  forges  were  probably  near  the  brook  which 
yet  retains  the  name  of  Furnace-beck.  Iron  ore 
has  been  sometimes  got  at  Hodbarrow  and  in 
Millom  park.  There  is  abundance  of  hmestone 
in  the  parish,  which  is  quarried  in  several  places. 
Copper  ore  has  been  obtained  at  different  times, 
but  not  in  sufficient  quantities  to  repay  the 
working :  Joshua  King,  Esq.  of  Queen's  College, 
Cambridge,  a  few  years  since  made  an  unsuccessful 
attempt.  A  vein  has  been  recently  discovered 
in  the  manor  of  Ulpha,  which  promises  to  be  very 
productive,  (see  Ulpha.)  No  coal  is  found  in  the 
parish.  There  are  slate  beds  in  Millom  park 
and  in  the  chapelry  of  Thwaites,  but  they  do  not 
break  sufficiently  large  to  be  valuable.  Blue 
slate  is  plentiful  in  the  chapelry  of  Ulpha. 

The  Duddon  produces  salmon  and  fine  sand- 
eels,  and  the  bay  in  which  it  joins  the  ocean  has 
long  been  well-known  for  its  mussels  and  cockles. 
Mr.  Sandford,  who  wrote  about  1675,  speaks  of 
the  Duddon  as  "  a  brave  river,  where  the  famous 
cockles  of  all  England  is  gathered  in  the  sands, 
scraped  out  with  hooks  like  sickles,  and  brave 
salmons  and  flookes,  the  bravest  in  England, 
hung  up  and  dried  like  bacon,  and  as  good  feeding 
as  Ireland  salt  wi. .  ."* 

There  was  formerly  a  market  here  on  Wed- 
nesday, and  a  fair  for  three  days  at  the  festival  of 

•  MS.  Deaii  and  Chapter  Library,  Carlisle. 


PARISH    OF   MILLOM.  147 

the  Holy  Trinity,  which  was  granted  to  John 
Hudleston  in  1250.*  Nicolson  and  Burn,  who 
wrote  in  1777,  say  the  market  "hath  been  long 
discontinued." 

Black-Comb,  the  mountain  between  Millom 
and  Bootle,  is  described  in  another  part  of  tliis 
volume,  in  our  account  of  the  latter  parisli,  (page 
127).  On  Birkcr  moor,  in  the  northern  part  of 
Millom,  is  a  small  lake  called  Devoke  Water, 
well-known  for  its  fine  red  trout ;  it  is  frequented 
by  a  bird  of  the  Larus  kind,  called  Devoke  Wa- 
ter Mew.  In  its  bosom  is  a  single  rock  which, 
owing  to  its  neighbourhood  to  the  sea,  is — "  The 
haunt  of  cormorants  and  sea-mew's  clang."  This 
lake  is  six  miles  east  of  Ravenglass,  nearly  half 
a  mile  in  length,  and  has  an  outlet  which  runs 
into  the  Esk.  Near  it  are  the  water-falls  of  Stan- 
ley Gill  and  Birker  Force.  The  latter  is  one  of 
the  finest  cascades  in  the  county.  "  The  height 
of  the  fall  is  comparatively  inconsiderable  ;  but 
the  characteristic  features  of  the  scene  it  presents, 
differ  so  remarkably  from  those  of  any  other  in 
this  neighbourhood,  that  the  tourist  will  be 
highly  gratified  with  the  spectacle.  The  rocks 
in  whicli  it  is  situated,  assume  a  pointed  and 
glacier-like  appearance  ;  and  tlic  fir  and  larch 
trees  which  cluster  round  their  bases,  unite  with 
them  in  i)roducing  a  truly  alpine  effect.  Indeed, 
such  another  scene  is  not  to  be  met  with  in  the 
lake  district,  wherein  the  most  admired  features 
of  the  continental  picturesque  are  blended  with 
the  rich  and  varied  forms  that  compose  an  En- 
glish landscape." 

•  Cart.  Rot.  35  Hon.  III. 


148        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

In  the  township  of  Millom  Above,  are  several 
springs  below  Marsh-side,  impregnated  with  salt, 
and  of  a  purging  nature  ;  there  is  also  a  similar 
one  at  HodbaiTow ;  and  all  are  called  by  the 
neighbours.  Holy  Wells. 

Burrow  Crails,  or  Barwick  Rails,  on  Duddon 
Sands,  in  the  township  of  Millom  Below,  eight 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bootle,  is  a  natural  harbour  or 
creek  where  slate,  corn,  &c.  are  shipped,  and 
coals  imported,  in  vessels  of  about  100  tons  bur- 
then. 

Near  Burrow  Crails  is  Holborn  Hill,  said  to 
have  been  so  called  from  the  following  circum- 
stance : — "  The  tradition  is,  that  a  lady  of  Millom 
returning  from  her  first  visit  to  court,  was  so 
struck  with  its  resemblance  to  the  well  knoAvn 
locality  of  that  name,  that  she  gave  it  to  it,  and 
it  has  borne  the  name  ever  since.  The  curious 
traveller,  who  has  faith  in  tradition,  may  form 
fi-om  this  spot  some  idea  what  the  present  centre 
of  the  British  metropolis  was  two  centuries  ago."* 

"  It  is  supposed  there  was  anciently  a  church 
at  Kirksanton,  in  the  township  of  Chapel  Sucken, 
which  it  is  presumed,  was  formerly  an  independent 
rectory,  though  the  vicar  of  Millom  now  receives 
from  it  tithes  of  corn,  and  a  modus  in  heu  of 
hay."f  Kirksanton,  with  its  appurtenances,  was 
gi'anted  by  the  Boyvill  family  to  the  abbey  of  St. 
Mary,  in  Furness. 

At  Lowscales,  in  this  parish,  several  relics  of 
antiquity  have  been  found  at  various  times  :  in 
1824,  an  ancient  British  battle-axe  was  dug  up 
here,  13|  inches  in  length. 

•  Liverpool  Journal.  t  Parson  and  White. 


parish  of  millom.  149 

The  Seigniory  of  Millom. 

This  great  lordship  is  the  largest  within  the 
baronv  of  Egrcmont ;  it  contains  the  parishes  of 
Millom,  Bootlc,  ^Miicham,  Whitbeck,  Corney, 
and  A\'aberthwaite.     It  is  of  a  triangular  form, 
about  18  miles  in  length,  and  its  greatest  breadth 
is  about  8  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  east    by 
the  Duddon  ;  on  the  south,  by  the  isle  ot  Wal- 
nev,  and  the  Pile  of  Fouldra ;  on  the  west    by 
the  Irish  Sea ;  and  on  the  north,  by  the  Lsk, 
and  the  mountains  Ilardknot  and  A\'rynose.     It 
contains  several  manors  which  are  holden  imme- 
diately of  Millom,  as  Millom  is  ot  Egi-emont, 
with  some  difference  of  service. 

This  seigniory  anciently  enjoyed  great  priyi- 
lecres:  it  was  a  special  jurisdiction  mto  vyhich  the 
sheriffof  the  county  could  not  enter ;  its  lords  had 
the  power  of  life  or  death,  and  enjoy  edj«/-«  regalia 
in  the  six  parishes  forming  their  seigniory.  Mr 
Denton,wiitinginlGSS,saysthatthegallowsstood 

on  a  hill  near  the  castle,  on  which  criminals  had 
been  executed  within  the  memory  ot  persons  then 
hvinf-      To  commemorate  the  power  anciently 
possessed  by  the  lords  of  this  seigniory,  a  stone 
has  been  recently  erected,  with  this  niscription— 
"Here  the  Lords  of  M'lllom  exercised  Jura  Regalia. 
Mr  John  Denton  gives  the  following  account 
of  this  seigniory  :  "  This  great  nianor,  in  the  time 
of  Kintr  Henry  I.  was  given  by  ^\  ilham  Alcsclnnes, 
Lord  of  Kgremont,  to  *****  de   Boyvill,  father 
toGodardde  lioyvill, (named  in  ancient  evidences 
GodardusDapifer)  who,l)eing  lord  ol  Milium,  did 
cxive  unto  the  abbot  and  monks  of  F urness  a  car- 
?ucate  of  land  there,  with  the  appurtenances,  called 


150         ALLERDALF.    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

yet  to  this  day  Monk  Force,  which  Arthur,  the 
son  of  Godard,  confirmed  unto  the  abbey,  and 
after  him,  in  hke  sort,  his  son  and  heir,  Henry, 
the  son  of  Arthur,  reserving  only  the  harts  and 
hinds,  wild  boars  and  their  kinds,  and  all  airies  of 
hawks. 

"  But  whatsoever  the  Lord  of  Egremont,  Wil- 
liam INIeschines,  reserved  upon  the  first  grant  of 
the  Boyvills,  whether  demesne  or  forest  liberties. 
Dame  Cicely  Romely,  (one  of  the  coheirs  of  Wil- 
liam Fitz  Duncan)  Countess  of  Albemarle,  to 
whose  posterity  this  Milium  was  allotted  by  par- 
tition, gave  and  fully  confirmed  the  same  to  the 
said  Arthur  Fitz  Godard,  and  to  Henry  his  son, 
and  their  heirs,  by  her  charter  yet  extant,  under 
seal,  bounding  the  same  thus — "  Dedi  et  concessi 
HeiiricoJiUo  Arthuri  et  Hceredibus  suisjus  Hceredi- 
iarium,  viz.  totain  terrain  et  totumfeodiim  inter  Esk  et 
Doddon  cum  ptinentiis"  ^'c.  And  Dame  Hawise, 
her  sole  daughter  and  heir,  then  the  wife  of  Wil- 
liam de  Mandevill,  advised  her  husband  to  confirm 
it. 

"And  for  a  recognition  of  the  grant  made  to  the 
Boyvills,  Arthur,  and  Henry  his  son,  by  Dame 
Cicely,  the  Countess,  they  paid  to  King  Henry  H. 
for  a  post  fine,  one  hundred  pounds,  and  five 
couples  of  hounds,  the  recoi'ds  terming  them, 
decent  fiigatores. 

"  And  an  old  tradition*  makes  these  Boyvills 
to  have  been  very  near  of  kin  to  the  Lords 
of  Egremont,  and  gives  us  an  account  of  the 
occasion  upon  which  Milium  was  transferred  to 
the  said  Boyvills,  which  is  said  to  be  thus ;    the 

•  This  tradition  is  also  given  in  Sandfutd's  MS. 


PARISH   OF   MILLOM.  151 

Baron  of  Egremont  being  taken  prisoner  beyond 
the  seas  by  the  infidels,  could  not  be  redeemed 
without  a  great  ransom,  and  being  far  from  Eng- 
land, entered  his  brother  or  kinsman  for  his  surety, 
promising,  with  all  possible  speed,  to  send  him 
money  to  set  him  free  ;  but  upon  his  return  home 
to  Egremont,  he  changed  his  mind,  and  most 
unnaturally  and  unthankfully  sufi'ered  liis  brother 
to  lie  in  ])rison,  in  great  distress  and  extremity, 
until  his  hair  was  grown  to  an  unusual  length, 
like  to  a  woman's  hair.  The  Pagans  being  out 
of  hopes  of  the  ransom,  in  great  rage  most  cruelly 
hanged  up  their  pledge,  binding  the  long  hair  of 
his  liead  to  a  beam  in  the  prison,  and  tied  his 
hands  so  behind  him,  that  he  could  not  reach  to 
the  top  where  the  knot  was  fastened  to  loose 
himself  During  his  imprisonment,  the  Paynim's 
dauglitcr  became  enamoured  of  him,  and  sought 
all  good  means  for  his  deliverance,  but  could  not 
enlarge  liim :  she  understanding  of  this  last  cruelty, 
by  means  made  to  his  keeper,  entered  the  prison, 
and  taking  her  knife  to  cut  the  liair,  being  hastened, 
she  cut  the  skin  of  his  head,  so  as,  with  the  weight 
of  his  body,  he  rent  away  the  rest,  and  fell  down 
to  the  earth  half  dead  ;  but  she  presently  took 
liim  up,  causing  surgeons  to  attend  him  secretly, 
till  he  reco\ered  liis  Ibrmer  health,  beauty,  and 
strength,  and  so  entreated  her  father  for  him, 
that  he  set  liim  at  liberty. 

"  Then,  desirous  to  revenge  his  brother's  ingra- 
titude, he  got  leave  to  depart  to  his  country,  and 
took  home  witli  him  the  hattorell  of  liis  hair,  rent 
oil"  as  aforesaid,  and  a  bugle-horn,  which  he  com- 
monly used  to  carry  about  him,  when  he  was  in 
England,  wiiere  he  shortly  arrived,  and  coming 

V  2 


152         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

towards  Egremont  Castle  about  noontide  of  the 
day,  where  his  brother  was  at  dinner,  he  blew 
his  bugle-horn,  which  (says  the  tradition)  his 
brother  the  baron  presently  acknowledged,  and 
thereby  conjectured  his  brother's  return ;  and 
then  sending  his  friends  and  servants  to  learn  his 
brother's  mind  to  him,  and  how  he  had  escaped, 
they  brought  back  report  of  all  the  miserable 
torment  which  he  had  endured  for  his  unfaithful 
brother  the  baron,  which  so  astonished  the  baron 
(half  dead  before  with  the  shameful  remembrance 
of  his  own  disloyalty  and  breach  of  promise)  that 
he  abandoned  all  company,  and  would  not  look 
on  his  brother,  till  his  just  wrath  was  pacified  by 
diligent  entreaty  of  the  friends.  And  to  be  sure 
of  his  brother's  future  kindness,  he  gave  the  lord- 
ship of  Milium  to  him  and  his  heirs  for  evei'. 
Whereupon  the  first  Lords  of  Milium  gave  for 
their  arms  the  horn  and  the  hatterell. 

"  But  whatever  the  occasion  of  the  grant  was, 
the  Boyvills  were  from  the  place  called  De  Mil- 
ium, and  have  anciently  held  the  same  with  great 
liberties,  and  had  Jura  Regalia  there.  John 
Hudleston  did  prescribe  thereto  in  the  20th 
year  of  King  Edward  I.  and  was  allowed  before 
Hugh  de  Cressingham  in  iYie'^Xea^oi  quo  warranto, 
holden  for  the  king." 

The  Boyvills  or  Boisvilles  took  their  surname 
from  the  place,  and  were  styled  de  Millom  ;  they 
held  the  same  in  their  issue  male,  from  the  reign 
of  Henry  I.  to  the  reign  of  Henry  HI. — a  space 
of  one  hundred  years,  when  their  name  and  family 
ended  in  a  daughter. 

BoYVILL,   OR    DE    MiLLOM,    LoRDS    OF    MiLLOM. 
Arms : — Argent,  a  bend  between  two  mullets  sable. 


PARISH    OF   MILI.OM.  153 

Godard  de  Boyvill  to  whom  AVilliani  de  Mcschincs  granted 
the  lordship  of  Millom.*  He  gave  the  manor  of  Kirksanton 
to  his  second  son  William,  in  whose  posterity  it  remained 
until  the  reign  of  Edward  II. 

Godard  de  Boyvill,  second  lord  of  Millom, f  gave  IMonk- 
force  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary,  in  Furness,  as  aforesaid,  with 
the  churches  of  Bootle  and  Whicham;  and  "all  the  parishes 
between  Esk  and  Millnm,  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary's,  York;" 
to  which  abbey  Matilda,  his  wife,  gave  also  Anderset  or  Ag- 
nes Seat.  He  is  called  in  ancient  evidences,  Godardus 
Dapifer. 

Arthur  Boyvill  or  de  Millom,  son  of  Godard,  confirmed 
his  father's  grants  to  the  abbeys  of  Furness  and  York.  To 
the  former  abbey  he  granted  the  services  of  Kirksanton  in 
Millom,  which  Robert  de  Boyvill,  his  cousin-german,  then 
held  of  him;  and  soon  after  he  mortgaged  the  same  to  the 
abbot  of  Furness,  until  his  return  from  the  Holy  Land. 

Henry  de  Millom,  son  of  the  above,  confirmed  the  grants 
of  his  ancestors,  and  onfoofl'ed  Ranulph  Corbcttand  his  heirs 
of  the  manor  of  Brattaby,  in  Millom,  with  the  appurtenances. 
"  He  also  gave  Baisthwaitc,  in  Dunncrsdalc,  to  one  Orrae, 
the  son  of  Dolphin;  and  Leakley  to  Henry  Fitz  VV'illiam  in 
frank  marriage  with  his  daughter,  Goynhild  Boyvill,  with 
shields  for  her  cattle,  and  common  of  pasture  in  'Uroch-beege 
and  the  forest,'  which  (joynhild  afterwards  (being  a  widow) 
gave  to  the  Abbey  of  Holm  Cultram,  and  William  do  Milium 
(the  son  of  Henry  do  Milium,  the  son  of  Arthur  do  Milium) 
brother  of  tiic  said  Goynhild,  did  after  conlirm  the  same. 
And  afterwards  John  Iluddleston,  and  Joan  his  wife,  sole 
daughter  of  Adam  de  Milium,  son  and  heir  ot  the  said  Henry, 
confirmed  Leakley,  and  the  liberties  aforesaid  (so  granted  by 
Goynhild)  unto  the  Abbot  and  Convent  of  Holm  Cultram 
and  his  successors. 

"  The  said  Henry  Fitz  Arthur  gave  other  lands  in  Leakley, 
now  called  Seaton,  unto  the  nuns  of  Leakley,  or  Seaton,  which 
of  late  were  granted  unto  Sir  Hugh  Askew,  Knight. 

"  The  deed  of  feofment,  made  by  the  said  Henry  Fitz 
Arthur  to  Goynhild  his  daughter,  approves  the  same,  for 

•  See  pages  2,  3. 

t  In  the  2Glli  Henry  II.  the  name  of  Walter  dc  Milium  occurs  as  the 
abbot  of  St.  Mary's,  in  Furness. 


154        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

therein  is  excepted  as  follows — '  Excepta  terra  in  Leakley 
quam  dedi  Sanctis  monialihus  scrvientibus  Deo  et  Sanctce 
MariiB  in  LeeMeya.' " 

William  de  Millom,  son  of  the  above. 

Adam  de  Millom,  brother  and  heir  of  William. 

Joan  de  Millom,  daughter  and  heiress  of  the  above,  married 
Sir  JohnHudleston,  Knight,  and  thus  transferred  the  seigniory 
into  that  family,  with  whom  it  continued  for  a  period  of  about 
500  years. 

Mr.  John  Denton  says,  "  all  the  residue  of  the 
fees  of  Milium  were  thus  gi-anted  by  the  Boyvills, 
Lords  of  Milium,  to  their  kinsmen  or  friends,  or 
with  their  daughters  or  sisters  in  marriage  ;  and 
accordingly  by  the  Hudlestons  and  their  heirs, 
some  as  manors,  and  some  as  lesser  freeholds,  as 
namely,  Ulf  hay,  Thwaites,  Dale-garth,  and  Way- 
bergthwaite,  and  some  in  mortmain,  as  Leakley 
and  Kirksanton,  all  which  places  gave  sirname  to 
the  posterity  of  the  feoffees,  as  Thwaite,  of 
Thwaites,  Wayberghthwaite,  of  Wayberghthwaite 
and  the  rest  whereof,  some  do  yet  remain,  and 
some  names  ai'e  worn  out ;  but  ancient  records 
report  and  remember  them." 

In  Mr.  Sandford's  MS.  we  have  the  following 
account : — "  Eastward  from  Seaton  you  goe  into 
Millome  lordship,  20  miles  to  the  head  of  the 
foresaid  Dudden  great  river  :  all  the  lands  and 
freeholds  of  the  Lord  of  Millome  castle,  great- 
gi-eat-grandchild  of  the  said  Sir  John  Hudleston, 
of  grand  estate ;  but  he  gave  much  away  with 
daughters  ;  and  married  Dalavaise  of  Sowtham 
besides  Teuxberry,  £500  per  annum,  in  Glouces- 
tershire. And  yet  it  is  a  lord-like  living,  £3000 
per  annum,  and  X'500  per  annum,  at  Hasley, 
some  10  miles  beyond  Oxford.     And  Ffardinando 


PARISH   OF    MILLOM.  155 

now  lord  thereof,  and  all  the  estate  of  Millome 
castle  at  it,  and  sonne  of  S'  William  Huddleston, 
and  a  daughter  of  Montcastre,  and  colonel  of  a 
regiment  of  horse  and  foote ;  and  seven  brothers, 
captains  under  him,  in  the  royal  armies.  And 
his  grandfather,  a  great  swash  buckler  in  Queen 
Elizabeth's  time,  and  great  gamester ;  lived  at  a 
rate  beyond  his  income.  A  great  countes,  his 
friend,  asking  him  how  he  lived  so  gallantly  : 
quoth  he,  'of  my  meat,  and  my  drink!'  quoth 
she,  '  I  even  looked  for  such  an  answer.'  " 

The  lordship  of  Millom  still  retains  its  own 
coroner  ;  that  office  is  now  (1S41)  held  by  Chris- 
topher Hobson,  Esq.,  of  Cross  House,  Bootle. 

HuDLESTOx,  Lords  of  Millom.* 

Arms : — Gules,  a  fret  argent. 

Crest: — Two  arms,  dexter  and  sinister,  embowed,  vested, 
argent,  holding  in  their  hands  a  scalp  proper,  the  inside 
gules. 

Motto  : — Soli  Deo  honor  et  gloria. 

The  pedigree  of  this  very  ancient  familyf  is  traced  back 
to  five  generations  before  the  Conquest.  The  first,  however, 
of  the  name  who  was  lord  of  Millom,  was 

Sir  John  Hudleston,  knight,  who  was  the  son  of  Adam, 

•  This  pedigree  differs  in  several  particulars  from  that  given  by 
Nicolson  and  Burn.  The  corrections  and  additions  in  the  former  part 
were  very  kindly  supplied  to  me  by  the  Rev.  Jolm  Lingard,  D.D.;  the 
others  are  from  Burke's  Commoners,  &c. 

t  The  Hudlestoiis  of  Ilutton-John  were  descended  from  a  younger 
branch  of  the  family  at  Millom  ;  as  were  the  Hudlestons  of  Sawston,  co. 
Cambridge,  who  settled  there  (te.np.  Henry  VIH.)  inconsequence  of  a 
marriage  with  one  of  the  coheiresses  of  the  Marquis  Montague.  A 
pedigree  of  the  Button-John  branch  may  be  found  in  vol.  i.  Leath 
Ward. 


156        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

son  of  John,  son  of  Richard,  son  of  Reginald,  son  of  Nigel, 
son  of  Richard,  son  of  another  Richard,  son  of  John,  son  of 
Adam,  son  of  Adam  de  Hodleston,  in  co.  York.  The  five 
last  named  (according  to  the  York  MS.)  were  before  the 
Conquest. 

Sir  John  de  Hoddleston,  knight,  in  the  year  1270,  was 
witness  to  a  deed  in  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary,  in  Furness. 

By  his  marriage  with  the  Lady  Joan,  Sir  John  be- 
came lord  of  Anneys  in  Millom.  In  the  20th  of  Edward  I. 
(1292)  he  proved  before  Hugh  Cressingham,  justice 
itinerant,  that  he  possessed jVr«  regalia  within  the  lordship 
of  Millom.  In  the  25th  (1297)  he  was  appointed  by  the 
king  warden  or  governor  of  Galloway  in  Scotland.  In  the 
27th  (1299)  he  was  summoned  as  a  baron  of  the  realm  to  do 
military  service.  In  the  ne.xt  year  (1300)  he  was  present 
at  the  siege  of  Carlaverock.  He  is  thus  mentioned  in  the 
roll: 


Johan  de  Odelston  ensement 
Ke  bicn  et  adessement 
Va  d'armes  tontes  les  saisons 
Au  Counte  estoit.  Si  est  raisons 
Ke  nomes  soit  entre  sa  gent, 
Rouge  portoit  frctte  d'argent. 


John  of  Hodelston  also 

Who  well  and  promptly 

Goes  in  arms  at  all  times,   [is  right 

Was  with  the  Earl.*     Therefore  it 

That  he  be  named  with  his  follow- 

Heboregulesfretty  of  silver,    [crs. 


In  the  29th  (1301),  though  we  have  no  proof  that  he  was 
summoned,  he  attended  the  parliament  at  Lincoln,  and  sub- 
scribed as  a  baron  the  celebrated  letter  to  the  pope,  by  the 
title  of  lord  of  Anneys.  He  was  still  alive  in  the  4th  of 
Edward  IV.  (1311). 

Sir  John  had  three  sons,  John  who  died  early,  and 
Richard  and  Adam. 

Richard  Hudleston,  son  and  heir,  succeeded  his  father. 
Both  he  and  his  brother  Adam  are  noticed  in  the  later  writs 
of  Edward  I.  They  were  both  of  the  faction  of  the  Earl  of 
Lancaster,  and  obtained,  in  the  7th  of  Edward  II.  (1313)  a 
pardon  for  their  participation  with  him  in  the  death  of  the 
king's  favourite  Gavasten.  Adam  was  taken  prisoner  with 
the  Earl  in  the  battle  of  Boroughbridge,  in  1322,  when  he 
bore  for  arms — gules  fretted  with  silver,  with  a  label  of 
azure.  Richard  was  not  at  that  battle,  and  in  the  19th  of 
the  king(132G)  when  Edward  II.  summoned  the  knights  of 

•  The  Eail  of  Lincoln,  afterwards  of  Lancaster. 


PARISH   OF   MILI.OM.  157 

every  county  to  theparliaraentat  Westminster,  was  returned 
the  first  among  the  knights  of  Cumberland. — He  married 
Alice,  daughter  of  Richard  Troughton,  in  the  13th  Ed.  II. 
and  had  issue, 

John  Hudleston,  son  of  the  above-named  Richard,  succeed- 
ed his  father  in  1337,  and  married  a  daughter  of  Henry 
Fenwick,  lord  of  Fenwick,  co.  Northumberland. 

Richard  Hudleston,  son  of  John. 

Sir  Richard  Hudleston,  Knight,  served  as  a  banneret  at 
the  battle  of  .Vgincnurt,  in  1415.  He  married  Anne,  sister 
of  Sir  \\'illiam  Harrington,  K.G.  and  served  in  the  wars  in 
France,  iu  the  retinue  of  that  knight. 

Sir  John  Hudleston,  Knight,  son  of  Sir  Richard,  was  ap- 
pointed to  treat  with  the  Scottish  commissioners  on  border 
matters,  in  the  4lh  of  Edward  IV.  (1 164.);  was  knight  of  the 
shire  in  the  7th  (14G7);  appointed  one  of  the  conservators 
of  the  peace  on  the  borders  in  the  20th  (1480);  and  again 
in  the  2nd  of  Richard  (1484);  and  died  on  the  Cth  of  Mov. 
in  the  9th  of  Henry  VII.  (1494.) 

He  married  Joan,  one  of  the  coheirs  of  Sir  Miles  Stapleton 
of  Ingham  in  Yorkshire.  He  was  made  baililf  and  keeper 
of  the  king's  woods  and  chaces  in  IJarnoldwick  in  the  county 
of  York,  sheriff  of  the  county  of  Cumberland  by  the  duke  of 
Gloucester  for  his  life,  steward  of  Penrith,  and  warden  of  the 
west  marches.     He  had  three  sons, 

l.Sir  Ricliard,  K.U.  ob.  v. p.  1st  Richard  III.  He 
married  Margaret,  natural  daughter  of  Richard  Nevill, 
Earl  of  Warwick,  and  had  one  son  and  two  daughters, 
viz. 

Richard,  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Lady  Mabel 
Dacre,  and  died  without  issue,  when  the  estates 
being  entailed  passed  to  the  heir  male,  the  des- 
cendant of  his  uncle  John. 
Johan,  married  to  Hugh  Fleming,  of  Rydal,  Esq. 
Margaret,  married  to  Lancelot  Salkeld,  of  Whitehall, 
Esq. 

2.  Sir  John. 

3.  Sir  William. 

Sir  John  Hudleston,  second  son  of  Sir  John  and  Joan 
his  wife,  married  Joan,  daughter  of  Lord  Fitz-IIugh,  and 
dying  in  the  5th  Henry  VIII.,  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

X 


15S         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Sir  John  Hudleston,  K.B.,  espoused,  firstly,  the  lady  Jane 
Clifford,  youngest  daughter  of  Henry,  Earl  of  Cumberland, 
by  whom  he  had  no  issue.  He  married  secondly,  Joan, 
sister  of  Sir  John  Seymour,  knight,  and  aunt  of  Jane  Sey- 
mour, queen-consort  of  Henry  VIII.,  and  by  her  he  had 
issue, 

Aniliony,  his  heir. 

Andrew,  who  married  Mary,  sister  and  co-heiress  of 
Thomas  Hutton,  of  Ilutton-John,  Esq.  from  whom 
descended  the  branch  at  that  mansion.* 
A  daughter,  who  married  Sir  Hugh  Askew,  knight, 
yeoman  of  the  cellar  to  Henry  VIII. ,f  and  Ann, 
married  to  Ralph  Latus,  of  the  Beck,  Esq. 
Sir  John  died  38th  Henry  VIII. 

Anthony  Hudleston,  Esq.,  son  and  heir,  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Barrington,  knight,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  son, 

William  Hudleston,  Esq.,  knight  of  the  shire  in  the  43rd 
of  Elizabeth,  married  Mary,  daughter  of  ....  Bridges,  of 
....  CO.  Gloucester. 

Ferdinando  Hudleston,  Esq.,j   son   and   heir,   was   also 

•  See  pedigree  of  the  Hudlestons  of  Hulton.  John,  in  vol.  i.  p.  372 
&c.,  Leath  Ward. 

t  See  an  account  of  Sir  Hugh  Askew,  under  the  parish  of  Bootle. 

X  In  West's  Antiquities  of  Fumess  we  have  the  following  account  of 
a  skirmish  which  took  place  near  Lindale-cot,  Ulverston,  in  which  one 
of  this  family  was  engaged  ; — "On  Sunday  the  first  of  October,  164.3,  a 
slight  skirmish  took  place  between  a  number  of  troops  for  the  king 
under  the  command  of  Colonel  Hudleston,  of  Milium  Castle,  and  others 
for  the  Parliament,  commanded  by  Colonel  Rigby.  Colonel  Hudleston's 
company  giving  way  at  the  commencement  of  the  battle,  Rigby's  pur- 
sued them,  killed  three  or  four  men,  (perhaps  unintentionally)  and  took 
Colonel  Hudleston,  and  300  of  his  men  prisoners." 

The  same  work  contains  some  extracts  from  a  MS.  written  by  Thomas 
Park,  of  Millwood,  high  constable  of  Fumess  during  the  Great  Rebellion. 
Mr.  Park  says  :  "  September  28,  1643.  Colonel  Kigby  continuing  his 
siege  at  Thurland  castle  (which  continued  six  weeks  before  agreement 
was  made)  was  let  know  that  Mr.  Kirkby,*  Mr.   Rigby,  and   colonel 

•  Richard  Kirkby,  of  Kirkby  Ireleth. 


PARISH    OF    MILLOM.  159 

kniMit  of  the  shire,  in  the  21st  James  I.  (see  p.  155.)  He 
mamed  Jane,  daughter  of  Sir  llalph  Grey  of  Chdl.nghara, 
knight,  and  had  is^uo  nine  sons,  UWun^,  Jol'"' ^'-'^'-jfl^'^": 
Richard,  Ralph,  Ingleby,  Edward,  Robert  and  Joseph  ;aU 
of  whom  were  oflicers  in  the  service  of  Charles  I.  John 
was  colonel  of  dragoons.  Ferdmando,  a  major  of  foot 
Richard,  lieutenant-colonel  of  foot,  was  slain  in  the  minster 
yard  at  York.  Ralph,  a  captain  of  foot  Ingleby,  a  captain 
of  foot.  Edward,  a  major  of  foot.  Robert,  acaptam  of  foot. 
And  Joseph,  a  captain  of  horse. 

Hudleston,*  were  iu  commotion  in  Furness,  and  that  they  had  gotten 
together  1500  horse  and  foot,  many  of  (hem  out  of  Cumberland,  young 
Mr.  Penningtont  being  there  with  a  company,  and  the  rest  of  Furness  : 
they  were  about  200  firemen,  and  the  rest  dubmen  ;  J  and  they  kept 
their  rendezvous  at  Dalton. 

"  Whereupon  Colonel  Bigby,  at  the  earnest  desire  of  divers  of  Furness 
.    ,»hofled  thither,  marched  with  seven  or  eight  companies  of  foot,   and 
three  troops  of  horse,  all  firemen,  except  about  20,  who  had  pikes;  they 
were  all  complete,  and  very  stout  fellows.     I  being  prisoner  at  Hornby 
castle  at  that  time,  and  three  weeks  before,  was  appointed  to  go  with  the 
colonel;  and  the  last  of  September  they  came  to  Ulverston,  and  rested 
there  that  night ;  and  early  the  1  st  ot  October,  16«,  being  S,mday,  they 
set  forward  and  had  prayers  on  Swartmoor;   which  being  ended,   they 
marched  forward  till  they  came  to  Lyndal;  and  there  the  foot  halted  ; 
but  the  horse  went  on  to  Lyndal  cotte,  and  drew  up  in  a  valley  facmg, 
and  shouting  at  Mr.  Hudleston's  horse,  who  were  drawn  up  on  the  top 
of  Lindal  Close,  who  did  shout  also  in  return;    which  lasted  about  an 
hour  while  the  foot  were  receiving  powder,   shot,  and  match;    which 
being  ended,  the  foot  marched  up  to  the  horse:   then  the  king's  horse 
fled-  whereupon  they  raised  a  great  shout,  and  did  pursue  them  very 
hotly  and  took  Colonel  Hudleston  prisoner,  Mr.  Stanley  and  Mr.Latus, 
Mr  Earton  with  300  common  soldiers,  or  thereabouts  :    they  took  most 
part  of  their  arms,  six  colours,  two  drums,  and  all   the  money  and  ap- 
parel the  common  soldiers  had  on,  with  a  coup  laden  with  maguzeen, 
drawn  by  six  oxen.    The  common  soldiers  plundered  Dalton  and  the 
parish,  and  returned  that  night  to  Cartmel.     There  were  lliree  or  four 
of  the  king's  men  killed,  and  some  hurt,  but  none  of " 

•  Sir  William  Hudleston,  of  MiUom  castle. 

.|-  William  Pennington,  Esq. 

t  Sec  Clarendon's  Hist,  of  Ueb.  v.  4,  p.  665. 

X    2 


160         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

He  was  succeeded  by  his  oldest  son, 

Sir  William  Hudleston,  a  zealous  and  devoted  royalist, 
who  raised  a  regiment  of  horse  for  the  service  of  his  sovereign, 
as  also  a  regiment  of  foot;  the  latter  he  maintained  at  his 
own  expence  during  the  whole  of  the  war.  For  this  good 
service  and  his  great  personal  braver)'  at  the  battle  of  Edge- 
hill,  where  he  retook  the  royal  standard,  he  was  made  a 
Knight-banneret  by  Charles  I.  on  the  field.  He  married 
Bridget,  daughter  of  Joseph  Pennington,  of  Muncaster,  Esq. 
He  had  issue  (besides  his  successor,)  a  daughter  Isabel,  who 
married  Richard  Kirkby  of  Kirkby,  in  Furness,  Esq.,  and 
was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

Ferdinand  Hudleston,  Esq.  who  married  Dorothy,  daughter 
of  Peter  Hunley,  of  London,  merchant,  and  left  a  sole 
daughter  and  heiress,  Mary,  who  married  Charles  West, 
Lord  Delawar,  and  died  without  issue.  At  his  decease  the 
representation  of  the  family  reverted  to 

Eichard  Hudleston,  Esq.  son  of  Colonel  John  Hudleston 
(second  son  of  Ferdinando  Iludlestonand  Jane  Grey  his  wife). 
This  gentleman  married  Isabel,  daughter  of  Thomas  Hudles- 
ton, of  Bainton,  co.  York,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

Ferdinando  Hudleston,  Esq.,  who  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Lyon  F'alconer,  Esq.  of  Rutlandshire,  by  whom 
he  had  issue, 

William  Hudleston,  Esq.  This  gentleman  married  Ger- 
trude, daughter  of  Sir  William  Meredith,  Bart.,  by  whom  he 
had  issue  two  daughters  Elizabeth  and  Isabella.  Elizabeth, 
the  elder,  married  Sir  Hedworth  Williamson,  Bart.,  who  in 
1774,  sold  the  estate  for  little  more  than  20,000/.  to  Sir  James 
Lowther,  Bart.,  by  whom  it  was  devised  to  his  successor,  the 
Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

The  Castle. 


Millom  Castle,  of  which  there  are  considerable 
remains,  is  pleasantly  situated  in  the  townsliip  of 
Millom  IJelow,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Duddon, 
on   a  slight  eminence  fronting  the  south,  and 


PARISH    OF   MILLOM.  161 

sheltered  from  the  nortli  winds  by  Black  Comb 
and  a  range  ol'  hills. 

This  castle  was  fortified  and  embattled,  in  1335, 
by  Sir  John  Hudlcston,  in  pursuance  of  the  king's 
licence.  It  was  anciently  surrounded  by  a  park, 
adorned  with  noble  oaks,  and  well-stocked  with 
deer ;  and  was  for  many  centuries  the  seat  of  the 
lords  of  tlie  great  seigniory  of  Millom. 

The  lords  of  Millom  appear  to  have  been 
happily  placed  at  a  suiticient  distance  from  the 
troubled  scenes  of  the  border  warfare,  and  to  have 
enjoyed  the  blessings  of  peace, — ui'iiimcuiu  (Hirni- 
tate, — when  their  countrymen  in  the  northern 
and  centre  parts  of  the  county  were  involved  in 
skirmishes  and  forays.  It  would  appear,  however, 
from  an  incidental  notice  in  Darnell's  "  Life  and 
Correspondence  of  Isaac  Basire,  D.D.,"  that  this 
quiet  was  disturbed  during  the  Great  Rebellion, 
although  no  particulars  respecting  the  occurrence 
have  been  recorded.  In  that  work  it  is  stated 
(p.  34),  that  the  Rev.  Nathanael  Ward,  "  \icar  of 
Staindrop,  remained  on  his  living  till  Hill.  He 
then  entered  into  King  Charles's  army,  and  :iw.s- 
slain  at  Milium  Caxllc,  in  Cumberland.  .  .  .  His 
nuncupative  will,  made  as  it  should  seem,  after 
he  had  received  his  mortal  wound,  is  in  the 
Registrar's  Office  at  Durham.  It  consists  of  a 
very  few  lines,  and  is  attested  by  five  cavaliers, 
Robert  Cirey,  John  Ihidleston,  John  Tempest, 
Thomas  Ilulton,  Jo.  Heath." 

The  opinion  that  this  castle  was  attacked 
during  the  Great  Rebellion,  is  corroborated  by 
the  fact  that  the  old  vicarage-house,  which  was 
near  the  castle,  was  ]mlled  down  at  that  period, 
"  lest  the  rebels  should  take  refuge  therein." 


162         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Mr.  Thomas  Denton,  writing  in  16S8,  says  the 
castle  was  then  much  out  of  repair ;  that  the 
gallows  where  the  lords  of  Milloni  exercised  their 
power  of  punishing  criminals  with  death,  stood 
on  a  hill  near  the  castle  ;  and  that  felons  had 
suffered  there  so  recently  as  to  be  within  the 
memory  of  persons  then  living.  He  describes 
the  park  as  having  within  twenty  years  abounded 
with  oak,  which,  to  the  value  of  4000/.  had  been 
cut  down  and  used  for  the  iron  forges,  see  p.  146. 

"Milium  castle,"  says  ]\Ir.  John  Denton,  "the 
ancient  seat  and  capital  mansion  of  this  mannor, 
is  plac'd  at  the  foote  of  the  river  Dudden,  and 
through  length  of  time  threatneth  mine.  How- 
beit  the  lords  thereof  make  it  yet  tlieir  dwelling 
place  and  aboade,  holding  themselves  content, 
that  the  old  manner  of  strong  building  there, 
(with  the  goodly  demeisncs  and  commodityes 
which  both  land  and  sea  afford  them,  and  the 
stately  parke  full  of  huge  oakes  and  timber, 
woods  and  fallow  deerc,)  doe  better  witness  their 
ancient  and  p'sent  greatness  and  worth,  than  the 
painted  vanityes  of  our  time  do  grace  our  new 
upstartes." 

Buck's  view  of  the  castle — ])ublished  in  1739, 
and  dedicated  to  the  last  lord  of  Millom,  of  the 
Hudleston  family — represents  the  building  as 
much  in  the  same  state  as  it  appears  at  present. 
Its  shattered  walls  were  decorated  with  shrubs 
that  had  found  crevices  in  which  to  take  root ; 
but  in  front  was  a  row  of  palisades,  with  a  long 
parallel  line  of  yew-trees,  formally  trinnned  and 
cut  in  the  style  which  once  prevailed,  shewing  how 
much  inferior  in  appearance  were  such  artificial 
trees  to  the  graceful  and  flowing  outline  of  those 


PARISH    OF    MILLOM.  163 

left  to  the  care  of  nature.  Those  trees  are  still 
remaining,  but  they  have  attained  to  a  much 
larger  size. 

So  lately  as  1774,  when  Nicolson  and  Burn 
wrote,  the  park  was  "well  stored  with  deer."  It 
was  disparked  by  the  present  Earl  of  Lonsdale 
about  the  year  1802,  when  207  deer  were  killed  ; 
and  the  venison  was  sold,  in  Ulverston  market 
and  elsewhere,  at  fVoni  'Id.  to  Ad.  per  pound. 

Tiiis  castle — no  longer  the  residence  of  the 
lords  of  Millom — is  now  occupied  as  a  farm- 
house : — Sic  transit  gloria  intnidi.  Tlie  principal 
part  now  remaining  is  a  large  square  tower,  for- 
merly embattled,  but  at  present  a  plain  parapet 
wall  surrounds  the  leads  on  the  top,  commanding 
a  delightful  view  of  the  mouth  of  the  Duddon. 
In  a  wall  of  the  garden  are  the  arms  of  Hudleston, 
as  also  in  the  wall  of  an  outhouse,  painted  in 
proper  colours,  with  the  motto — Soli  Deo  honor 
et  gloria.  The  latter  is  well  executed  :  it  was 
found  in  a  heap  of  rubbish,  and  was  placed  in  its 
present  situation  by  thecareof  Mr.  Isaac  Hodgson, 
a  respectable  farmer,  who  lives  in  the  castle.  The 
moat  is  visible  on  the  south  and  west  sides.  The 
principal  entrance  appeal's  to  have  been  in  the 
east  front,  by  a  lofty  flight  of  steps :  the  walls  in 
this  part  arc  festooned  with  ivy,  and  their  rent 
sides  are  partially  concealed  by  trees,  closely 
tenanted  by  rooks.  Two  other  rookeries  are 
seen  at  a  short  distance.  Some  old  oak  chairs — 
formerly  part  of  the  appropriate  furniture  of  the 
castle  while  the  residence  of  the  lords  of  Millom 
— are  now  in  the  possession  of  Bernard  (iilpin, 
Esq.,  of  Ulverston,  a  lineal  descendant  from  "  the 
apostle  of  the  north,"  whose  name  he  bears. 


164      allerdale  ward,  above  derwent. 
The  Church. 

The  church  of  ISIillom  was  rectorial  until  the 
year  1228,  when  it  was  given  to  the  abbey  of  St. 
Mary  in  Furness.  One  moiety  was  appropriated 
by  Walter  de  Grey,  Archbishop  of  York,  to  that 
monastery,  the  abbot  and  convent  to  have  the 
right  of  presentation ;  the  other  moiety  (which 
the  Archbishop  reserved  for  his  own  disposal,)  he 
assigned,  in  1230,  for  the  maintenance  of  three 
chaplains,  with  clerks  and  other  charges,  for  the 
support  of  his  chantry  ordained  at  the  altar  of 
St.  Nicholas,  in  the  cathedral  church  of  York. 

In  the  Valor  Ecclesiasiicus  of  Henry  YIII.  this 
vicarage  is  entered  as  follows  : — 

Millome  Vicar'  Eccfie. 

Rector  appropriat'  monaster'  de  Furnesse. 

Edmund'  Staneforth  incumbens. 
Vicar'  p'dca.  valet  in 

£      *.      d. 
Mansione  cum  orto  &  po- ?  .-^ 

>  VJ      VII) 

maria  p.  am.  S 

Decim'  garbas.  &.  feni  nijli  \  \    £      s.      d. 

vjs.  viijrf.  Ian'  et  agnell'/  £  s.     d.    J>viij    xv     — 

xiijs.   iiijJ.    porcell'    et V  viij  viij  iiij    r 
gall'  vs.  finibz.   quadra- V 

gesimalibz.  Lxiij$.  iiijd.   j  -J 

Rcpris'  viz  in  £      s.      d. 

Sinod'  iijs.  procurac'  vjs.  viijrf.  —    ix  viij 

£     *.      d. 
Et  valet  clare  viij    v      iiij 

Xma  ps.  inde  —   xvj      vj  ob' 

In  a  survey  (now  remaining  in  the  First-Fniits 
Office)  of  the  abbey  of  Furness,  taken  in  pursu- 
ance of  an  act  of  parliament,  26th  Henry  VIII. 
there  is  this  entry  : — 


PARISH   OF   MILLOM. 


165 


Tithes  of  the  Rectory  of  Myllom. 
Tithes  of  Grain,  12/.  of  Lambs,  4/.  13s.  id. 
In   Wool,   41.       In  lent   fines,   8/.       In   all, 

28/.  13s.  y.* 

In  "a  survey  of  the  lordship  or  manor  of 
Furness,"  taken  by  a  special  commission,  in  the 
year  1619,  this  entry  occurs :— "  The  rectory  ot 
Milium  (from  the  farmer  whereof  there  is  due 
the  yearly  rent  of  36/.  13s.  id.)  is  in  Cumberland, 
and  (as  we  are  informed)  in  lease  to  Mr.  Aylott, 
sometime  secretary  to  the  Lord  Nuburgh,  chan- 
cellor of  the  I)utchy."t  ,      ,,.     ,    -n     1        . 

The  livinc;  was  valued  m  the  Kmgs  Books  at 
8/.  5.S-.  8(/.  and  was  certified  to  the  governors  of 
Queen   Ann's   bounty   of  the   annual   value   of 

26/.  Is.  Sd.  .      .,       1  , 

The  following  particulars  respectmg  tlie  glebe, 
&c  belonging  to  the  vicarage  of  Millom,  are  ex- 
tracted from  the  terrier  :— "  There  is  no  house 
or  outhouse  or  any  other  edifice  belongmg  to  the 
vicarage;  for  in  the  time  of  Ohver  Cromwell s 
rebelhon,  the  vicarage-house  was  pulled  down, 
as  it  stood  near  unto  the  castle,  by  the  tlien  Lord 
of  Millom.  or  order,  as  it  is  reported  lest  the  rebels 
should  take  refuge  therein.      The  whole  of  the 
glebe  consists  only  of  the  church-yard,  and  a  field 
adjoininii,  commonly  known  by  the  name  ot   Vi- 
carage Field,   containing   together  3^  acres  or 
thereabouts.     This  field  (on  which  the  vicarage- 
house  formerly  stood)  is  one  half  arable,  the  other 
meadow,  chiefly  earthen  fenced,  &c. 

"  According  to  the  best  information  and  records 
that  can  be  met  with  at  present,  somewhere  about 


•  West's  Fumcss. 


t  Ibid. 


166         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

the  year  1721,  the  sum  of  256/.  was  given  to  the 
vicarage,  by  the  Rev.  John  Postlethwaite,  master 
of  St.  Paul's  School,  London,  and  about  the  same 
time  the  governors  of  Queen  Ann's  bounty  were 
pleased  to  add  thereunto  the  sum  of  200/. ;  where- 
with an  estate  was  purchased  called  Fawcett 
Bank,  near  Sedbergh,  in  Yorkshire,  the  yearly 
rent  of  which  is  paid  to  the  vicar."  This  farm 
at  Fawcett  Bank  is  at  present  (1841)  let  for  40 
guineas  per  annum. 

The  patronage  of  this  church  is  vested  in  the 
duchy  of  Lancaster.  The  impropriated  tithes 
which  belonged  to  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  have 
(with  very  few  exceptions)  been  redeemed  by  the 
different  landed  proprietors,  since  the  passing  of 
the  act  for  the  commutation  of  tithes. 

The  present  vicarage-house  and  the  glebe  at- 
tached  to  it  were  purchased  about  the  year  1 7S 1 ,  for 
the  sum  of  240/. :  200/.  of  this  money  was  obtained 
from  Queen  Ann's  bounty,  and  the  remainder 
was  paid  by  the  incumbent,  the  Rev.  John  Smith. 

List  of  Vicars. 

Edmund  Staneforth,  occurs,  1.535. 

1661  Roger  Askew. 

1670  WiUiam  Wells,  ob.  1698. 

1699  Joseph  Taylor. 

1713  Thomas  Benn. 

1743  Matthew  Postlethwaite. 

1778  Edward  Nicholson. 

1781  John  Smith,  ob.  1796. 

1797  John  Bohon,  ob.  1820. 

1821  John  Smith,  ob.  1822. 

1822  Henry  Dixon,  B.D.,  ob.  1836. 
1836  Henry  Pickthall,  B.A. 


PARISH    OF   MILLOM.  167 

The  church  of  Millom,  dedicated  to  the  Holy 
Trinity,  is  situated  in  the  township  of  ISIillom 
Below,  closely  adjoining  the  castle.  Indeed,  so 
close  is  their  proximity,  that  from  some  points  of 
view  they  appear  as  one  building  ;  very  nearly 
resembling,  in  this  respect,  not  in  grandeur,  the 
castle  and  church  of  Lancaster.  The  church 
consists  of  a  nave  and  chancel,  a  south  aisle,  and 
a  modern  porch  on  the  same  side.  Two  bells  are 
hung  in  a  turret  at  the  western  end.  In  the 
church-yard  arc  the  remains  of  a  cross,  the  shaft 
of  which  bears  four  shields ;  tliose  on  tlie  east 
and  west  sides  are  charged  with  the  arms  of 
Hudleston,  on  the  north  and  south  with  .... 
impaling  Hudleston. 

This  church  is  a  venerable  edifice  ;  but  it  is  to 
be  lamented  that  some  of  its  wardens  have  been 
so  deeply  imbued  with  the  love  of  iinprorements, 
that  they  have  left  few  of  the  old  windows 
— their  places  being  supplied  by  very  unecclesi- 
astical  substitutes. 

The  roof  of  the  nave  was  open  to  the  timber 
work,  but  it  is  now  concealed  by  a  modern  ceil- 
ing. The  north  door  has  been  walled  up  ;  it  is 
circular-he. ided,  and  has  a  niche  over  the  arch. 
The  pulpit  and  reading-desk  are  placed  against 
the  norlli  wall;  both  are  of  oak,  but  painted  of  a 
mahogany  colour !  The  base  appears  to  be  of 
stone,  and  it  was  the  opinion  of  that  accomplished 
antiquary,  Dr.  A\'hitaker,  that  it  is  a  portion  of 
an  ancient  stone  pulpit.  A  gallery  at  the  west 
end  contains  an  organ.  Below  this  is  an  octagonal 
stone  font,  ornamented  with  quatrefoils  and  a 
shield  charged  with  the  arms  of  Hudleston  and  a 
label. 

Y  2 


168        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

The  south  aisle,  or  at  least  a  portion  of  it, 
appears  to  have  been  a  chapel  belonging  to  the 
Hudlestons,  lords  of  Millom.  It  opens  from  the 
nave  by  four  pointed  arches,  springing  from  massy 
circular  and  octangular  piers.  The  roof  of  this 
part  of  the  church,  until  of  late  years,  was  open 
to  the  timber  work,  under  which  a  ceiling  is  now 
placed.  At  the  western  end  is  an  oval  shaped 
Avindow,  now  walled  up.  A  large  decorated 
window  of  five  lights  nearly  fills  the  east  end ; 
this  has  been  most  barbarously  walled  up  from 
the  bottom  to  the  spring  of  the  arch,  and  two 
sash  windows  inserted.  Near  this  window  is  a 
piscina,  which  sanctions  the  opinion  that  the 
whole  or  part  of  the  south  aisle  has  been  a  cha- 
pel. 

This  aisle  was  the  burial-place  of  the  Hudle- 
stons, who  for  a  period  of  about  five  centuries 
were  lords  of  the  seigniory.  Here  is  an  altar- 
tomb,  ornamented  with  Gothic  tracery  and 
figures  bearing  shields  of  arms,  on  which  recline 
the  effigies  of  a  knight  and  his  lady,  in  alabaster, 
very  much  mutilated :  the  knight  is  in  plate 
armour,  his  head  resting  on  a  helmet,  and  having 
a  collar  of  S.S. ;  the  lady  is  dressed  in  a  long 
gown  and  mantle,  with  a  veil.  They  appear  to 
have  originally  been  painted  and  gilt,  but  the 
greater  part  has  been  rubbed  off.  Near  the  altar- 
tomb  are  the  very  mutilated  remains  of  an  effigy 
of  a  knight,  carved  in  wood,  "  apparently  of  the 
fourteenth  century."  A  few  years  ago  there  was 
"  a  lion  at  his  feet." 

The  chancel  is  not  ceiled  ;  it  has  a  pointed  east 
window  of  three  lights,  a  small  circular  one,  a 
narrow  window  with  a  rounded  head,  and  another 


PARISH    OF    MILLOM.  169 

of  two  lights,  with  trefoiled  heads,  under  a  square 
dripstone. 

Near  the  above  monument  is  a  mural  marble 
tablet  bearing  this  inscription  : — 

Heic  juxta  jacet  dcposituni  Mortalc 

JOSEPHI  HUDDLKSTON  Armigeri 

Filij  Williclmi  Huddlcston  Equitis, 

Qui, 

Vna  cum  tota  Familia  causa  Carol:  pbimi, 

Begium  Optimi, 

Vitam  atq.  Fortunas  saipius  exposuli. 

Matrem  lialjuit  D.  Bridgettam  Pennington 

JosEPin  Pennington  de  Muncaster  Armigeri 

Filiam  Unicani. 

Uxorem  duxit  D.  Bridgettam  Hlddleston 

Andre.i;  Huddleston  de  Huuon-John  Armiger 

Filiam, 

Ex  hac  Unicum  melioris  spei  Filium  suscepit, 

Qucm,  proh  Dolor ! 

Circiter  decimum  ^Etatis  Animum  amisit 

1682. 

Dominia  cujus  et  lura 

Sine  Sobole  Moriens 

Uxori  Charissimoc  donee  ilia  in  vivis  foret. 

Conjugum  Amantissimus  donavit 

Obijt 

Decimo  Die  Septembris 

Ano  >E  talis  sexagcsimo  tertio,  et  Christianorum 

1700. 

In  charissimam  cujus  Memoriam 

Hoc  Amoria  ct  Officii  Monunicntum  erexit 

Domina  Pientissima. 

CsBtcra  loquantur  Lcgata  sua  Nobiliora, 

Et 

Munificcntia  centum  Librarum 

Ad  Liberam  Scholam  Grammaticakm  fundan. 

Et  bonas  Litcras  promovendum 

Conspicua. 

En  paucis ! 


170        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Vir  erat  Nobili,  et  Antique  Familii 

Verus  Ecclesise  Anglicanse  Filius, 

Modestii  et  Integritate  siiigulari, 

Alien!  Abstinens,  nee  sui  profusus. 

Abi, 

Lector  curiose,  et  fac  similiter, 

Et, 

Cum  non  minus  sis  Mortalis 

Omnem  crede  Diem  Tibi  diluxisse  Supremum. 

Non  procul  hiuc  jacent  Reliquia;  Bridgett.e  Huddleston, 

JosEPHi  HuDDLESTON  Armlgeri  supradicti  Viduie, 

Quae  superstes  marito  quatuordecim  Anuis, 

*  Sex  raensibus  septemq.  diebus  : 

Cum  esurientes  cibo  saturissct,  Nudos  amicuissef,  Afflictos  Invisisset, 

Amicis  Muniflcam,  Inimicis  benignam  se  pra!stitissit, 

Obijt  Decimo  septimo  Die  martij  Ann.  iEtat.  72. 

Ann.  Dom.  1714. 

A  marble  tablet  on  the  wall  of  the  south  aisle 
bears  this  inscription — 

Sacred 

to  the  Memory  of 

The  Rev.  JOHN  SMITH,  Vicar  of  Millom, 

■who  departed  this  life,  30th  of  Nov.  1796, 

aged  46  years. 

BETTY,  his  -nife,  died  5th  June,  1823, 

aged  73  years. 

WILLIAM  GILLIAT,  their  son,  died  at  sea, 

aged  24  years. 

JANE,  their  daughter,  died  17th  April,  1818, 

aged  32  years. 

A  stone  slab  fixed  to  one  of  the  piers  of  the 
south  aisle  bears  the  arms  of  Hudleston  with  a 
crescent,  and  is  thus  inscribed — 

DominusBarr;  HUDLE 

STON  obijt  Decimo 

tertio  Die  Sep.  Anno 

Dom.  MDCCXX,  .^tat. 

78. 


PARISH   OF   MILLOM.  171 

Verus  fuit  Ecclesiee  AngUcanee 

Filius  Principi  suo  subditus 

fidissimus  El  pcrtotum  Vitee 

Cursum  adeo  Pietate,  Justilia,  & 

Amore,  Patrice  Claruit  Ut 

Omnibus  merito  lugendus 

decesscrit. 

At  the  east  end  of  the  south  aisle  is  a  marble 
tablet  with  this  inscription — 

Sacred  to  the  Memory  of 
JOHN  MYERS,  Esquire,  of  Pow  House 

in  this  parish,  Barrister-at-law, 

whose  remains  were  iuterred  near  this  place 

on  9ih  day  of  January,  1821. 

And  of  RACHEL  PHILLIPS  his  wife, 

daughter  of  Cyprian  Bridge,  Esquire, 

of  Dover  Court,  in  the  county  of  Essex, 

who  also  was  interred  here 

on  8th  day  of  February,  I8I6. 

A  brass  plate  on  the  wall  of  the  south  aisle 
bears  the  following  inscription — 

Here  lycth  the  body  of  JOHN 
LATVS  of  Beck,  Esq.  Justice  of  Peace 
of  the  covntie  of  Cvmberland  and 
Lancashire,  iii  the  rcigne  of  their 
Majesties  King  William  and  Queen 
Ann,  who  niarricd  Catherine  Dav- 
ghter  of  William  Obfelr  of  Plum- 
bland,  Esq.  by  whom  he  had  iss>'e 
Fcrdinando,  Julia,  Bridget,  and  Ag- 
nes ;  and  after  married  Agnes 
daughter  of  Andrew  Hcddlest- 
ON  of  Hutton-John,  Esq.  who  depa- 
rted this  life,  y«  IGth  October,  1702. 

On  one  of  the  piers  of  the  south  aisle  is  a  brass 
plate  with  the  following  inscription,  and  the  arms 
of  Askew  impahng  INIusgrave  :— 


172        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

Under  Uiis  lies  the  body  of 

DOROTHY  late  wife  of  WILLIAM 

ASKEW  of  Standing  Stones, 

gentleman, 

daughter  and  coheiress  of 

William  Musgeave  of  Crookdake 

in  this  county,  Esq. 

She  dyed  ye  22  day  of  April, 

1705, 

and  in  the  66  year  of  her  age. 

She  left  one  daughter  who  married  John  Archer 

of  Osenholme,  in  Westmorland,  Esq. 

On  the  east  wall  of  the  chancel  is  a   stone 
tablet  inscribed — 

Near  this  place  lieth  interred 

the  Body  of  Mr.  Wm.  WELLS, 

late  vicar  of  Millom.     He 

died  Jan.  y^  4"i-  Anno  Dom. 

ICyS.     Etat's  suffi  50. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  chancel  is  a  mural 
tablet  with  this  inscription —  * 

Erected 

by  his  TV-idow 

to  the  memory  of  the 

Bev.  JOHN  BOLTON, 

Vicar  of  this  parish, 

who  died  on  the  5th  of  November,  1820, 

in  the  62nd  year  of  his  age. 

And 

of  their  chUd,  MARY  BOLTON, 

who  died  on  the  7th  of  September,  1822, 

at  the  age  of  8  years. 

Latus  of  the  Beck. 

Arms : — 

This  family,  of  which  the  coheiresses  married  Hudleston 
and  Blencowe,  is  supposed  to  have  come  from  Gloucester- 


PARISH    OF   MILI.OM.  173 

shire  into  the  north,  early  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  They 
were  for  some  period  seated  at  Whicham-hall,  which  place 
was  sold  by  William  Blencowe,  Esq.  about  the  year  1740. 

In  the  year  1582, Richard  and  Henry  Latus  purchased  the 
rectory  of  Kirkby-Ireleth,  in  Furness,  Lancashire,  of  Sir 
■\Villiam  Layland,  of  the  Morleys,  in  the  said  county. 

Richard  Latus  of  the  Beck,  Esq.  was  succeeded  by 

Ralph  Latus,  Esq.  who  married  Ann,  youngest  daughter 
of  Sir  John  Iludlcston,  of  jMillom  castle,  Knight,  (see  page 
158,)  by  his  second  wife,  Joan,  sister  of  Sir  John  Seymour, 
Knight,  and  aunt  of  Jane  Seymour,  queen-consort  of  Henry 
VIII.  In  consideration  of  which  marriage  he  obtained  from 
his  father-in-law,  a  freehold  tenement  called  Oveibeck,  and 
another  called  Ncihcrbeck,  and  Ilarrats,  all  in  the  lordship 
of  Millom.     By  Ann  his  wife  he  had  issue, 

Ralph  Latus,  Esq.  son  and  heir. 

.Anthony  Latus,  Esq.  married  ^Margaret,  daughter  of 'Willi- 
am lludleston,  Esq.,  probably  grandson  of  the  above  Sir  John 
Hudleston,  and  had  issue, 

William  Latus,  Esq.  son  and  heir,*  married  to  Agnes, 
daughter  of  John  Ambrose,  Esq.  of  Lowick  hall,  co.  Lancas- 
ter, and  was  succeeded  by 

John  Latus,  Esq.  son  and  heir,  who  wf.s  t\\  ice  married. 
Firstly,  to  Catherine,  daughter  of  William  Orfeur,of  Plumb- 
land  hall,  Esq. ;  and,  secondly,  to  Agnes,  daughter  of  Andrew 
Hudleston,  of  Ihitton-John,  Esq.  By  his  first  wife  he  had 
issue,  Ferdinando,  his  successor,  Julia,  Bridget,  and  Agnes, 
Mr.  Latus  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  the  counties  of  Cum- 
berland and  Lancashire.  He  died,  16th  October,  1702,  and 
was  buried  in  the  church  of  Millom,  where  is  a  brass  plate 
to  his  memory.  The  manor  of  Lowick  was  convoyed  to  him, 
in  1681,  by  his  uncle  John  Ambrose,  Esq.  of  Lowick-hall. 

Ferdinando  Latus,  Esq.  son  and  heir,  eounsellor-at-law, 
married  Henrietta,!  daughter  of  Sir  John  Tempest,  of  Tong, 
CO.  York,  Baronet,  (so  created  by  Charles  II.)  by  his  wife, 

•  One  of  the  family  about  this  time  appears  to  have  been  in  arms  for 
Charles  I.  see  page  159,  »io<c. 

t  There  is  an  engraved  portrait  of  this  lady,  in  -Ito.  mczzolinlo,  in 
Pepys's  Col.  class  v. — Noble's  Contm.  to  Granger,  i.  p.  357. 

Z 


174        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Henrietta  Catherine,  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Cholmondely,  of 
Newton  Grange,  in  the  said  county,  Knight,  by  whom  he 
had  issue, 

T'     j'       J       i  died  infants, 
ierdinando,    ^ 

Henrietta,  married  ....   Hudleston,  of  Millom  castle, 

Esq. 
EUzaoeth,  married,  firstly,  Thomas  Fletcher,  of  Hutton- 
hall,  Esq.,  who  died  without  issue  ;  and  secondly,  W. 
Blencowe,  Esq.,  (second  son  of  Henry  Blencowe,*  of 
Blencow-hall,  Esq.)  who  was  in  the  commission  of  the 
peace,  and  died  at  Lowick-hall,  co.  Lancaster,  10th 
June,  1769,  aged  55.  By  her  second  husband  she 
had  issue, 

George  Blencowe,  in  holy  orders,  ob.  s.j>. 
Henry  Blencovve,  ob.  s.p. 
John  Blencowe,  ob.  s.p.  26th  Nov.  1777. 
William  Ferdinando  Blencowe,  M.D.  who  succeed- 
ed to  the  estate. 
Elizabeth  Blencowe,  married  to  Joseph  Blain,  M.D. 
of  Carlisle. 

Thwaites. 

Thwaites  is  a  manor,  township,  and  parochial 
chapelry,  within  this  parish.  It  extends  along 
the  Duddon,  south  of  Ulplia,  from  Duddon  Grove 
to  Millom  Green.  It  contains  the  hamlets  of 
Hall-Thwaites  (near  which  the  chapel  is  situated), 
Duddon  Bridge,  and  Lady  Hall. 

The  nuDior  of  Thwaites  was  held  under  the 
lords  of  Millom  by  a  family  of  that  name,  as 
early  as  the  reign  of  Edward  I.,  and  here  was 
their  ancient  manor-house,  until  they  removed  to 
Unerigg-hall.  Their  arms,  according  to  Sir  Daniel 
Fleming,  of  Rydal,  Bart.  "  who  was  very  curious  in 
those  matters,"  were — Argent,  a  cross  sable,  fi'etty 

•  See  a  pedigree  of  the  family  of  Blencowe  of  Blencow,  in   vol.  i. 
Leath  Ward. 


PARISH    OF   MILLOM.  175 

or ;  but,  according  to  Mr.  T.  Denton,  they  were — 
Vert,  a  cross  argent,  fretty  gules.  The  Messrs. 
Lysons  agi-ee  with  the  former;  but  Nicolson  and 
Burn  blazon  their  arms — Or,  a  cross  argent,  fretty 
gules. 

In  the  35th  Henry  III.  Eleanor,  wife  of  John 
Boy  vil  and  Michael  de  Cornee,  passed  this  manor 
by  fine  levied ;  and  in  the  IGth  Edward  I.,  John 
Hudlcston  impleaded  A\'illiam,  son  of  John 
Thwaites,  for  200  acres  of  pasture  there.  The 
manor  was  conveyed  by  the  Hudlestons  in  the 
seventeenth  century  to  Sir  John  Lowther,  Bart, 
and  is  now  the  property  of  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

Duddon  Grove,  the  mansion-house  of  Miss 
Millers,  is  delightfully  situated  on  the  banks  of 
the  river  from  which  it  takes  its  name,  about  two 
miles  from  Broughton,  and  six  from  the  castle 
and  church  of  Millom.  It  is  seated  among 
luxuriant  trees,  and  is  surrounded  by  rocky  and 
picturesque  scenery.  A  httle  higher  up  the  river 
is  Haws-bridge,  or  Wha-house-bridge,  spanning 
the  river  with  two  arches,  which  spring  from 
pei*pendicular  rocks. 

At  Duddon  Bridge,  in  this  chapelry,  is  a  large 
iron  furnace. 

The  Chapel  of  Thwaites,  dedicated  to  St.  Anne, 
is  situated  near  Hall-Thwaites,  about  three  miles 
from  the  parish  church.  It  was  rebuilt  in  1S07. 
The  former  edifice,  was  erected  about  the  year 
1721,  at  the  cxpencc  of  the  inhabitants,  by  whom 
it  was  endowed  with  200/.  It  has  also  received 
800/.  from  Queen  Ann's  bounty,  a  private  dona- 
tion of  100/.  and  a  parliamentary  grant  of  1000/. : 
the  latter  was  received  in  1825.  In  the  year  1715, 
this  cha])el  was  certified   to   the   governors   of 

z  2 


176         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Queen  Ann's  bounty  as  having  no  endowment. 
The  patronage  is  vested  in  the  proprietors  of  the 
estates  of  Beck-Bank,  Broadgate,  Oaks,  and 
Graystone  House,  and  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale, 
who,  as  lord  of  the  manor  and  lay-rector,  has  a 
casting  vote.  It  was  returned  to  the  commis- 
sioners for  enquiring  respecting  Ecclesiastical 
Revenues,  as  of  the  average  value  of  99^.  with  a 
glebe-house  fit  for  residence.  The  register  is 
very  imperfect.  The  present  incumbent  is  the 
Rev.  John  Ormandy,  who  was  appointed  in 
1822. 

A  library  of  48  volumes  was  founded  here,  in 
1757,  by  the  associates  of  Dr.  Bray  :  only  two  or 
three  volumes  are  now  left. 

A  sum  of  money  has  been  secured  on  two 
closes  in  the  Bridge-End  estate,  purchased  by 
the  governors  of  Queen  Ann's  bounty,  for  the 
use  of  the  incumbent :  the  interest  of  which  is 
paid  as  follows: — one  half  (IGs.)  to  the  school- 
master, and  the  other  half  {16s.)  in  bread  to  the 
poor  of  Thwaites  ;  which  latter  half  appears  by 
a  tablet  in  the  chapel  to  have  been  left  by  Ann 
Smithson  of  Bank-house,  in  the  year  1778. 

List  of  Incumbents. 

17..   Daniel  Steele. 
c.  1755  Daniel  Stephenson,  ob.  1778. 
1778  John  Parke,  ob.  1815. 
1815  Henry  Borrowdale,  ob.  1822. 
1822  John  Ormandy. 

The  druidical  temple,  at  Swineside,  is  thus  de- 
scribed by  Mr.  Gough,  in  his  additions  to  Cam- 


PARISH   OF   MILLOM.  177 

den*  : — "  It  is  nearly  a  circle  of  very  large  stones, 
pretty  entire,  only  a  few  fallen  upon  sloping 
ground  in  a  swampy  meadow.  No  situation 
could  be  more  agreeable  to  the  druids  than  this; 
mountains  almost  encircle  it,  not  a  tree  is  to  be 
seen  in  the  neighbourhood,  nor  a  house,  except  a 
shepherd's  cot  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain,  sur- 
rounded by  a  few  barren  pastures. 

"  At  the  entrance,  there  are  four  large  stones, 
two  placed  on  each  side,  at  the  distance  of  six 
feet.  The  largest  on  the  left  side,  is  five  feet  six 
inches  in  height,  and  ten  feet  in  circumference. 
Through  this  you  enter  into  a  circular  area,  29 
yards  by  30.  This  entrance  is  nearly  south-east. 
On  the  north  or  right  hand  side,  is  a  huge  stone, 
of  a  conical  form,  in  height  nearly  nine  feet. 
Opposite  the  entrance  is  another  large  stone, 
which  has  once  been  erect,  but  is  now  fallen 
mthin  the  area ;  its  length  is  eight  feet.  To 
the  left  hand  or  south-west  is  one,  in  height 
seven  feet,  in  circumference  eleven  feet  nine 
inches.  The  altar  probably  stood  in  the  middle, 
as  there  are  some  stones  still  to  be  seen,  sunk 
deep  in  the  earth.  The  circle  is  nearly  complete, 
except  on  the  western,  some  stones  are  wanting. 
The  largest  stones  are  about  31  or  32  in  number. 
The  outward  part  of  the  circle,  upon  the  sloping 
ground,  is  surrounded  with  a  buttress,  or  rude 
pavement  of  smaller  stones,  raised  about  half  a 
yard  from  the  surface  of  the  earth. 

"  The  situation  and  aspect  of  the  druidical 
temple,  near  Keswick,  is  in  every  respect  similar 
to  this,  except  the  rectangular  recess,  formed  by 

•  Vol.  iii.  p.  432. 


178        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

ten  large  stones,  which  is  pecuhar  to  that  at 
Keswick ;  but  upon  the  whole,  I  think  a  prefer- 
ence will  be  given  to  this  at  Swineshead,  as  the 
stones  in  general  appear  much  larger,  and  the 
circle  more  entire. 

"  This  monument  of  antiquity,  when  viewed 
within  the  circle,  strikes  you  with  astonishment, 
how  the  massy  stones  could  be  placed  in  such 
regular  order,  either  by  human  strength  or 
mechanical  power." 

The  Rev.  Jeremiah  Gilpin,  A.M.  of  Broughton 
in  Furness,  was  so  much  interested  in  these  vene- 
rable remains  of  a  remote  and,  comparatively 
speaking,  unknown  period,  that  he  was  at  the 
expense  of  having  a  view  of  them  engi'aved,  which 
appeared  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  for  the 
year  1785. 

John  Wennington  gave  30/.  for  the  use  of  the 
poor  of  this  chapelry  ;  and  Bernard  Benson  gave 
5/.  for  the  like  purpose  :  these  sums  are  secui'ed 
upon  two  tenements  in  the  neighbourhood. 

BiRKER   AND    AuSTHWAITE. 

The  township  of  Birker  and  Austhwaite  is 
bounded  on  the  north  and  west,  by  the  Esk, 
which  divides  it  from  the  parish  of  ftluncaster  ; 
and  on  the  east,  by  the  chapelry  of  Ulpha.  It 
contains  the  small  lake  called  Devoke  \\'ater  (see 
p.  147),  and  the  water-falls  of  Stanley  Gill  and 
Birker  Force.  I'he  inhabitants  have  the  privi- 
lege of  marr)^ng,  burying,  (S:c.  at  the  neighbour- 
ing chapel  of  I'^skdale  (part  of  the  parish  of  St. 
Bees),  by  reason  of  their  distance  from  the  parish 


PARISH   OF   MILLOM.  179 

church  and  the  chapels  in  their  own  parish.  "  In 
the  manor  of  Austhwaite  some  small  veins  of 
copper  have  been  discovered,  but  no  mines  have 
been  -wrought." 

Austhwaite  was  granted,  in  1102,  to  the  an- 
cestor of  a  family  who  assumed  that  name,  by 
Arthur  de  Boyvill  or  de  INIillom.  That  family 
became  extinct  in  the  reign  of  Edward  HI., 
about  the  year  1315,  when  the  heiress  (Constance, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Austhwaite)  married  Nicho- 
las Stanley,  Esq.,  ancestor  of  the  present  lord, 
Edward  Stanley,  Esq.  M.P.,  of  Ponsonby-hall. 
The  arms  of  Austhwaite  were — Gules,  two  bars 
argent,  in  chief  three  mullets  of  six  points  pierced, 
or. 

Dalegarth-hall,  the  ancient  manor-house  of 
Austhwaite,  was  the  residence  of  that  family,  and 
afterwards  of  the  Stanleys,  until  the  seventeenth 
century,  when  John  Stanley,  Esq,  removed  into 
the  parish  of  Ponsonby,  where  they  have  since 
resided.  Great  part  of  the  hall  has  been  pulled 
dow^n  ;  it  is  now  occupied  as  a  farm-house.  The 
curious  car\ed  oak  bedstead,  now  at  Ponsonby- 
hall,  was  removed  from  this  iiouse.  It  was  a 
very  spacious  building ;  but  some  parts  of  it  were 
pulled  down  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century. 
"  The  remains  shew  the  mode  of  architecture 
used  in  those  dis^ant  ages,  when  that  country 
abounded  in  timber  trees,  each  beam  is  formed 
of  the  entire  stem  of  an  oak,  and  each  step  in 
the  stair-case  is  a  solid  block  of  the  same  wood  : 
this  profusion  it  not  to  be  wondered  at,  when  we 
are  informed  that  a  scjuirrel  could  travel  from 
Dalegarth  to  Hardknott  mountain,  by  the  tops 
of  the  trees,  the  forest  was  so  closely  wooded. 


180        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

The  old  dining  room  is  twenty-four  feet  long, 
and  twenty-one  feet  wide  ;  on  the  ceiling  are  the 
mitials,  E.S.A.,*  surrounded  with  figures  of 
hounds,  stags,  &c.  in  the  stucco,  with  the  date, 
1599.  In  almost  every  window  of  the  house, 
were  the  arms  of  the  different  branches  of  the 
family,  blazoned  in  painted  glass." 

Chapel  Suckex. 

Chapel  Sucken,  a  long  narroAV  township  in  the 
south  part  of  the  parish,  comprehends  the  ham- 
lets of  Kirksanton  and  Haverigg.  It  has  been  sup- 
posed, (we  know  not  on  what  authority,  excepting 
the  very  doubtful  one  of  its  name)  that  there 
was  formerly  a  church  or  chapel  in  the  former 
hamlet,  and  from  which  it  took  its  name,  (see 
page  14S). 

At  Kirksanton  is  a  small  tumulus,  on  the  sum- 
mit of  which  are  two  stones  standing  perpendicu- 
larly, about  eight  feet  in  height,  and  placed 
fifteen  feet  asunder.  Near  these,  it  is  stated  in 
Hutchinson's  Cumberland,  that  "  several  other 
large  stones  stood  lately,  placed  in  a  rude 
manner." 

Ulpha. 

The  chapelry  of.  Ulpha,  Ulfhmj,  or  Oiiff'a, 
eleven  miles  in  length  and  rather  more  than  three 
in  breadth,  comprises  about  one-third  of  this  ex- 
tensive parish.  It  lies  to  the  north  of  the  chapelry 
of  Thwaites,  extending  along  the  Duddon,  from 

•  The  initials  of  Edward  Stanley,  Esq.  and  of  Ann  his  wife,  daugh- 
ter  of  Thomas  Biigp,  Esq.,  of  Caumiie,  co.  Westmorland. 


PARISH    OF   MILLOM.  181 

Duddon-Grove  to  the  north  of  the  mountains 
Hardknott  and  '^^'l•ynose,  near  the  three  shire 
stones,  where  meet  the  comities  of  Cumberhmd, 
Westmorland,  and  Lancashire. 

"  Ulf  hay  was  granted  to  one  Ulf,  the  son  of 
Evard,  whose  posterity  enjoyed  it  till  the  time  of 
King  Henry  III.  Ulf  had  issue  Ailsward  and 
Ketell  :  Ailsward  paid  to  King  Henry  HI.  in  the 
17th  year  of  his  reign,  20  marks  for  a  fine  as- 
sessed upon  him  for  an  attaint.  Ketell  had 
divers  sons,  Bennct,  William,  and  Michael ;  Ben- 
net  lived  in  King  John's  time,  and  had  a  son 
named  Allan.  But  now  the  land  is  reduced  to 
demesne  again,  and  ]\Ir.  Hudlcston,  the  pre- 
sent lord  of  JNIillum,  and  divers  of  his  ancestors, 
have  made  there  a  park,  inclosed  for  deer,  which 
yet  to  this  day  is  called  Ulf  hay  park."* 

Having  reverted  to  the  Hudlestons,  lords  of 
Millom,  it  was  again  made  parcel  of  that  manor. 
Sir  Hc'dworth  ^^"illiamson  and  his  lady  (heiress 
of  the  Hudlestons,  see  page  160)  sold  the  Ulpha 
estate  to  Mr.  Singleton  of  Drigg.  The  manor 
was  subsecjuently  the  property  of  Lord  Muncas- 
ter,  having  been  sold  by  Miss  Singleton  to  the 
first  baron.  It  was  afterwards  purchased  by 
....  Burrow,  Esq.  of  Carleton  Hall,  and  is  now 
the  property  of  George  Harrison,  Esq.,  of  Line- 
thwaite,  near  ^^'hitchaven. 

A  very  valuable  vein  of  copper  has  been  lately 
discovered  in  this  manor.  Report  for  some  time 
was  abroad  that  the  workmen  engaged  a  few  years 
ago  then  made  the  discovery,  but  from  some 
selfish  motives  immediately  abandoned  the  work- 


J.  Dcnton'3  MS. 
2    A 


182        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

ing  to  try  some  other  place,  first  taking  care  to 
cover  up  their  treasure.  In  consequence  of  these 
reports,  George  Harrison,  Esq.  the  present  lord 
of  the  manor,  lately  set  workmen  to  clear  away 
the  superincumbent  earth,  and  after  about  four 
week's  labour  they  succeeded  in  discovering,  from 
all  appearance,  a  rich  and  extensive  vein  of  ore, 
the  further  pursuit  of  whicli,  we  are  glad  to  hear, 
he  has  ordered  the  workmen  to  commence.* 

The  southern  part  of  this  chapelry  is  good 
land  and  well  wooded ;  but  the  northern  part  is 
mountainous,  and  presents  a  variety  of  romantic 
scenery  to  those  who  ai-e  not  deterred  visiting 
this  secluded  district  by  the  badness  of  the  roads. 
When  Nicolson  and  Burn  wrote,  in  1774,  the  road 
from  the  chapel  of  Ulpha  to  the  parish  church  was 
"  in  some  places  rugged  and  almost  impassable ;" 
we  may  suppose  it  is  now  in  a  better  state  than 
it  was  at  that  period,  although  still  very  bad. 

There  was  formerly  a  deer-park  in  LHpha ; 
the  deer  are  mentioned  by  INIr.  Thomas  Denton, 
as  the  largest  and  the  fattest  in  the  north  of 
England. 

A  very  splendid  view  of  Ulpha  and  the  valleys 
of  Seathwaite  and  Dunnerdale,  in  Furness,  is 
obtained  from  the  road  over  Stoneside  from 
Muncaster  to  Duddon  Grove.  After  climbing 
the  rugged  ascents  over  which  the  road  leads, 
those  delightful  valleys  burst  on  the  sight.  They 
are  near  the  river  Duddon ;  embosomed  amid 
barren  mountains,  they  form  pictures  of  surpass- 
ing beauty,  on  which  the  eye  lOves  to  dwell. 
Dunnerdale,  verdant  and  well-cultivated,  looks 

•  Whitehaven  Herald. 


PARISH    OF   MILLOM.  183 

like  a  rich  garden — an  oasis  in  the  desert.  Beyond, 
the  momitains  stretch  away  far  into  the  north, — 
Coniston  Old  Man,  Wrynose,  Hardknott,Langdale 
Pikes,  Scafell,  and  Scafell  Pikes.  The  summits 
of  the  latter  were  clad  with  snow,  although 
the  sun  scorched  us  with  heat. 

Tlie  river  Duddon  which  forms  the  eastern 
boundary  of  this  chapelry  and  of  the  parish,  is 
well-known  throughout  the  kingdom  by  the  Son- 
nets of  the  venerable  poet,  Wordsworth,  who  says 
that  it  may  be  compared,  such  and  so  various  are 
its  beauties,  to  any  river,  of  equal  length  of  course, 
in  any  country. 

"  Child  of  the  clouds  !  remote  from  every  taint 
Of  sordid  industry  thy  lot  is  cast; 
Thine  are  the  honors  of  the  lofty  waste  ; 
Not  seldom,  when  with  heat  the  valleys  faint, 
Thy  hand-maid  Frost  with  spangled  tissue  quaint 
Thy  cradle  decks  ; — to  chaunt  thy  hirth,  thou  hast 
No  meaner  I'oet  than  the  whistling  Blast, 
And  Desolation  is  thy  Patron-saint ! 
She  guards  thee,  ruthless  Tower  !   who  would  not  spare 
Those  mighty  forests,  once  the  bison's  screen, 
AVhere  stalk'd  the  huge  deer  to  his  shaggy  lair* 
Through  paths  and  alleys  roofed  with  sombre  green, 
Thousand  of  years  before  the  silent  air 
Was  pierced  by  whizzing  shaft  of  hunter  keen!"t 

Wallow-Barrow  Crag  is  a  rock  nearly  opposite 
the  Old  Man  on  Coniston  Fell.  The  bed  of  the 
Duddon  is  here  strewn  with  large  fragments  of 
rocks  fallen  from  aloft.  Mr.  Wordsworth  says, 
"  the  c/iao/ic  aspect  of  the  place  is  well  marked 
by  the  expression  of  a  stranger,  who  strolled 

•  The  deer  alluded  to  is  the  Leigh,  a  gigantic  species  long  since 

extinct. 

+  Wordsworth. 

2  A  2 


184         ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

while  dinner  was  preparing,  and,  at  his  return, 
being  asked  by  his  host,  which  way  he  had  been 
wandering,  replied,  '  as  far  as  it  isjiiiis/ied.'  " 

On  the  summit  of  the  first  ascent  of  Hardknott, 
a  mountain  near  the  northern  extremity  of  the 
parish,  are  the  remains  of  a  British  or  Roman 
fort,  called  Kardknott  Castle.*      Camden  speaks 

*  On  the  svunmit  of  Gogmagog  hills,  near  Camhridge,  "  is  a  triple 
entrenchment  with  two  ditches  rudely  circular.     This  is  supposed  by 
some  writers  to  have  been  a  British,  and  by  others  a  Roman,  camp;  but 
it  was  probably  occupied  in  succession  by  both  parties."     Similar  re- 
mains are  to  be  seen  in  Cornwall :  those  of  Chun  Castle  "  occupy  the 
whole  area  of  a  hill,  commanding  an  extensiTe  tract  of  coimtry  to  the 
east,  some  low  grotmds  to  the  north  and  south,  and  the  ocean  to  the 
west.     It  consists  of  two  walls,  or  rather  huge  heaps  of  stones,  one  with- 
in the  other,  having  a  vallum,  or  kind  of  terrace,  between  them.     This 
terrace  is  divided  by  four  walls ;  and  towards  the  west-south-west  is  the 
only  entrance  to  the  castle,  called  the  Iron  Gateway.     This  turns  to  the 
left,  and  is  flanked  with  a  wall  on  each  side,  to  secure  the  ingress  and 
egress  of  the  inhabitants.     The  outer  wall  measures  about  five  feet  in 
thickness ;  but  on  the  left  of  the  entrance  it  is  twelve  feet ;   whilst  the 
inner  wall  may  be  estimated  at  about  ten  feet ;   but,  from  the  ruinous 
confusion  of  the  stones,  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain  this  decidedly.    The 
area  inclosed  within  the  latter  measures  about  125  feet  in  diameter,  and 
contains  a  choaked-up  well,  and  the  ruined  foundations  of  several  circu- 
lar tenements,  or  habitations.    These  are  connected  to  the  inner  wall, 
and  nm  parallel  all  roimd  it,  leaving  an  open  space  in  the  centre.     The 
present  state  of  these  ruins  demonstrate  that  this  castle  was  constructed 
before  any  rules  of  architecture  were  adopted  in  military  buildings ;  for 
there  appear  no  specimens  of  mortar,  nor  door-posts,  nor  fire-places  with 
chimnies  ;  and  had  any  of  these  ever  been  used  in  this  singular  and  nide 
fortress,  it  is  exceedingly  improbable  but  that  some  traces  might  be  now 
discovered  amidst  its  vast  ruins.     On  the  north  side  of  the  castle  appears 
a  passage,  or  road,  partly  excavated  out  of  the  soil,  and  guarded  by  higli 
stones  on  each  side.    This  communicates  with  tlie  fortified  retreat,  iind 
the  ruined  buildings  of  a  village  or  lowii,  which  occupy  the  north  face  of 
a  hill,  and  consist  of  numerous  foundations  of  circular  huts.     These  are 
from  ten  to  twenty  feet  in  diameter,  with  a  narrow  entrance  between  two 


PARISH   OF   MILLOM. 


185 


of  it  as  "  Hardknott,  a  very  steep  mountain,  on 
whose  summit  were  lately  discovered  huge  stones 

upright  stones,  without  any  chimney ;  and  the  walls  composed  of  various 
sized  stones,  rudely  piled  together  without  mortar.  The  knowledge  of 
lime  as  a  cement,  says  Mr-  Whitakcr,  was  first  introduced  into  this 
country  by  the  liomnns."— Beauties  of  England  and  Wales. 

"  As  security  was  the  primary  object  studied  by  the  Britons  hi  con- 
structing a  town,  we  may  readily  believe  that  the  nations  which  occupied 
the  more  mountainous  districts  of  the  island,  chose  the  site  of  their  places 
of  retreat  on  tlie  summit  of  elevations,  difficult  of  access,  and  command- 
ing extensive  views,  .\ccordingly,  we  fmd  in  several  parts  of  Wales, 
and  in  Cornwall,  in  Lancashire,  Shropshire,  Cambridgeshire,  Hereford- 
shire,  and  other  counties  of  England,  the  remains  of  castramctations  on 
tall  precipitate  hUl  tops,  which  are  conlidently  believed  to  have  been  the 
fastnesses,  or  towns  of  retreat,  constructed  by  the  ancient  inhabitants  of 

the  island. 

"  These  fastnesses  enclose  a  considerable  area,  and  are  of  an  irregular 
form,  the  outlines  complying  with  the  natural  shape  of  the  hill  on  which 
they  are  constructed.  Where  the  sides  arc  not  defended  by  precipices, 
they  are  guarded  by  several  ditches,  and  by  ramparts,  either  of  earth  or 
of  stones,  worked  without  the  use  of  mortar.  They  have  sometimes  only 
one,  but  more  frequently  have  two  entrances.  One  of  the  most  impor- 
tant of  these  strong  holds  may  desirably  be  adduced  in  this  place,  as  a 
specimen  of  their  prevailing  character,  since  it  is  situated,  according  to 
the  remark  of  Mr.  King,  'on  a  spot  that  could  not  but  be  an  object  of 
the  utmost  attention  to  the  original  inhabitants  of  those  territories,  wluch 
afterwards  were  deemed  distinctly  England  and  Whales,  from  the  very 
division  here  formed.'  This  is  now  termed  the  Herefordshire  Beacon, 
and  is  reared  on  the  summit  of  one  of  the  highest  of  the  Malvern  ridge 
of  hills.  The  area  of  the  castrameUition  comprises  an  irregular  oblong, 
of  175  feet  by  UO  feet,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  steep  and  lofty  vallum  of 
stones  and  earth,  and  by  a  deep  ditch  on  the  outside.  Attached  to  the 
principal  area,  are  two  outworks,  of  considerable  extent,  situated  lower 
on  the  sides  of  the  hill.  Each  of  these  enclose  a  plain,  probably  intend- 
cd  for  the  reception  of  cattle  in  times  of  exigency  and  retreat ;  and  both 
arc  artificially  connected  by  a  narrow  slip  of  land,  secured  by  a  bank  and 
ditch  The  acclivity  of  the  hill,  in  its  approach  towards  the  summit,  is 
guarded  by  several  rude,  but  formidable,  banks  and  ditches."-B'-ei.er'. 
Introduction  to  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales. 


186        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

and  foundations  of  a  castle,  to  the  astonishment 
of  the  beholders,  it  being  so  steep  as  hardly  to 
be  ascended."  Bishop  Gibson  says,  "these  stones 
are  possibly  the  ruins  of  some  church,  or  chapel, 
which  was  built  upon  the  mountain.  For  Wor- 
mius,  in  his  Danish  monuments,  gives  instances 
of  the  like  in  Denmark ;  and  it  was  thought  an 
extraordinary  piece  of  devotion,  upon  the  planting 
of  Christianity  in  these  parts,  to  erect  crosses, 
and  build  chapels  in  the  most  eminent  places,  as 
being  both  nearer  heaven  and  more  conspicuous: 
they  were  commonly  dedicated  to  St.  Michael." 
JNIr.  Gough,  also,  in  his  additions  to  Camden, 
supposes  the  ruins  may  be  those  of  "a  chapel,  or 
cross,"  erected  on  this  mountain,  as  was  the  case 
on  Cross-fell. 

In  1792,  E.  L.  Irton,  Esq.  of  Irton-hall,  and 
Mr.  H.  Serjeant,  of  "\\'hitehaven,  made  a  careful 
survey  of  this  fort ;  the  latter  gentleman  took  a 
ground-plan  of  these  remains,  and  communi- 
cated the  following  account  for  Hutchinson's 
Cumberland.*  He  describes  it  as  "  being  situat- 
ed on  the  west  side  of  Hardknot-hill,  about  120 
yards  on  the  left  of  the  I'oad  leading  towards 
Kendal ;  and  has  evidently  been  intended  as  a 
fortress,  for  the  defence  of  that  pass  over  the 
mountain.  It  is,  as  will  appear  by  the  plan,  as 
nearly  square  as  the  ground  would  admit ;  the 
sides  being  352, 34 S,  3 17,  and  323  feet  respectively. 
The  irregularity  of  the  position  of  the  gates,  or 
entrances,  is  in  like  manner,  owing  to  the  inequa- 
lity of  the  gi"ound.     It  is  built  of  the  common 


*  Vol.  i.  page  569  :  ■where  it  is  erroneously  placed  imder  the  parish 
of  Muncastei. 


PARISH   OF   MILLOM.  187 

fell-stone,  except  the  corners,  which,  according 
to  the  report  of  the  country  people,  among  whom 
it  is  known  by  the  name  of  Hardknot   Castle, 
were  of  free-stone,  but  has  been  all  taken  away 
for  buildings  in  the  neighbourhood  ;  there  being 
no  free-stone  nearer  than  Gosforth  :  but  for  that 
circumstance,  it  is  probable,  the  fortress  would 
have  been  standing  at  this  day,  in  a  state  of  ad- 
mirable   perfection.       In    digging,    to    clear  the 
foundation  of  the  inner  buildings,  Mr.   Serjeant 
says,  they  met  with  a  great  many  fragments  of 
brick,  apparently  Roman,  which  nmst  necessarily 
have  been  brought  from  a  considerable  distance  ; 
also  several  pieces  of  slate,  and  near  the  entrances 
some  small  arching  stones,  or  pen  stones,  of  free- 
stone, with  remains  of  mortar  on  them  ;  shewing, 
that  in  all  proI)ability,  these  entrances,   or  gate- 
ways were  arched.      The  gateway  to  the  east, 
leads  to  a  piece  of  ground  of  about  two  acres,  at 
the  distance  of  1.50  yards,  which,  by  great  labour, 
has  been  cleared  of  the  stones   that  encumbered 
it,  used  perhaps  for  a  parade,  and  military  exer- 
cise.    On  the  north  side  of  that  plot,  is  a  forced, 
or  artificial  l)ank  of  stones,  now  slightly  covered 
with  turf,  having  a  regular  slope  from  the  summit, 
near  which,  on  the  highest  ground,  are  the  remains 
of  a  round  tower.  From  this,  the  road  is  continued 
along  the  edge  of  the  hill  to  the  pass,  where   it 
joins  the  highest  part  of  the  present  road    to 
Kendal." 

Another  correspondent,  in  the  same  work  (the 
Rev.  Aaron  Marshall)  says,  "  a  road  leading  to 
Ambleside,  is  called  the  Iv///g.s  Couch  Road ;  not 
many  years  ago,  several  pieces  of  a  leaden  pipe 
were  found  in   a  direction   to  the  fort,  leading 


188        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

from  a  well,  called  JVIaddock-how-well,  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  distant,  which  indisputably  sup- 
plied the  fort  with  water." 

Hardknott  castle  commands  a  magnificent  view 
of  Scafell  and  the  Pikes — the  loftiest  of  the  moun- 
tains in  the  lake  district :  the  former  being  ac- 
cording to  the  trigonometrical  survey,  31G6  feet, 
and  the  latter  Mr.  Otley  estimates  at  3100.  The 
Irish  sea  is  also  in  sight,  and  a  pleasing  variety 
of  mountains  and  lowlands,  "It  is  in  the  recol- 
lection of  several  old  people,  now  living,  of  pack- 
horses  leaving  the  wool-pack-yard  [Kendal]  for 
^^'hitehaven,  over  Hardknot  and  Wrynose ;  a 
road  now  only  seldom  visited  except  by  the  soli- 
tary shepherd  and  the  lake  tourist." 

Ulpha,  like  many  other  parts  of  Cumberland, 
is  remarkable  for  tlie  longevity  and  robust 
persons  of  its  inhabitants ;  one  of  whom,  Mr. 
Joseph  Stephenson,  a  yeoman  of  Panelholm, 
living  in  1S29,  was  6  feet  8|  inches  in  height. 
At  that  time  it  was  stated  that  "  six  brothers  and 
sisters  of  the  name  of  Jackson,  are  now  living, 
though  the  youngest  of  them  is  S6  years  of  age, 
and  their  fixther  died  at  the  age  of  103.  Besides 
these,  here  are  three  widows  and  a  wife,  whose 
united  ages  amount  to  333  years." 

"  The  Old  Hall,  now  a  farm-house,  bears 
marks  of  great  antiquity,  and  was  probably  the 
seat  of  the  lords  of  llpha.  Near  to  it  is  a  well, 
called  '  Lady's  Dub,'  where  tradition  says  a  lady 
was  killed  by  one  of  the  numerous  wolves  that 
formerly  infested  this  wild  region,  the  soil  of 
which  has  been  greatly  improved  by  cultivation, 
especially  in  the  low  lands,  where  wheat  was  first 
1784.      The  higher  lands  are  mostly 


PARISH    OF    MILLOM.  189 

sheep  farms,  but  a  large  portion  of  the  chapehy 
is  covered  with  woods  and  coppices,  the  hitter 
of  which  yiekl  a  large  and  regular  supply  of  ma- 
terials for  making  hoops,  bobbins,  &c. — Rains- 
barrow  ^^'ood  is  famous  for  producing  immense 
crops  of  fine  hazel  nuts,  which  in  a  favourable 
year,  are  worth  about  200/,  In  the  northern 
part  of  Ulpha  is  an  excellent  quarry  of  light  blue 
slate,  of  which  about  1400  tons  are  raised  an- 
nually. Two  copper  mines  were  formerly 
wrought  here,  and  zinc  has  been  found  in  the 
chapehy.  This  part  of  the  Duddon  contains 
fine  trout,  and  was  the  resort  of  salmon  till  1S05, 
when  Mr.  To\vcrs  built  a  wear  across  the  river 
at  Duddon  (irove,  but  this  obstruction  has  been 
lessened,  pursuant  to  a  legal  decision,  made  by 
arbitration  in  1S26,  after  a  trial  at  Lancaster  in 
1821."* 

The  Chapel  of  Ulpha  was  certified  to  the  gov- 
ernors of  Queen  Ann's  bounty  of  the  annual 
value  of  5/.  "  whereof  3/.  G,v.  'Sd.  was  the  ancient 
chapel  salary."  It  has  been  since  augmented  by 
Queen  Ann's  bounty,  and  was  returned  to  the 
commissioners  for  enquiring  respecting  Ecclesi- 
astical llevenucs,  of  the  average  annual  value  of 
49/.,  with  a  glebe-house  fit  for  residence.  This 
"unwealthy  mountain  benefice"  is  a  perpetual 
curacy,  in  the  gift  of  the  vicar  of  iNIillom.  The 
present  incumbent  is  the  Rev.  Jeremiah  "\\'alker, 
who  was  appointed  in  1S2S.  The  chapel,  dedi- 
cated to  St.  John,  is  a  humble  edifice,  situated  in 
a  "  wave-washed  church-yard,"  seven  miles  north 
of  the  mother-church.     It  is  the  theme  of  one  of 


Parson  and  White. 

2  fi 


190        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Wordsworth's  beautiful  sonnets,  which  shall  en- 
rich our  page. 

"The  Kirk  of  Ulpha  to  the  Pilgrim's  eye 
Is  welcome  as  a  Star,  that  doth  present 
Its  shining  forehead  through  the  peaceful  rent 
Of  a  black  cloud  diffused  o'er  half  the  sky ; 
Or  as  a  fruitful  palm-tree  towering  high 
O'er  the  parched  waste  beside  an  Arab's  tent ; 
Or  the  Indian  tree  whose  branches,  downward  bent, 
Take  root  again,  a  boundless  canopy. 
How  sweet  were  leisure  !  could  it  yield  no  more 
Than  mid  that  wave-washed  Church-yard  to  recline, 
From  pastoral  graves  extracting  thoughts  divine  ; 
Or  there  to  pace,  and  mark  the  summits  hoar 
Of  distant  moon-lit  mountains  faintly  shine, 
Sooth'd  by  the  imseen  River's  gentle  roar." 

At  the  time  the  chapel  was  consecrated,  it  was 
endowed  with  the  small  tithes  of  the  district,  or 
rather  a  modus  in  lieu  of  them,  as  it  is  a  fixed 
annual  payment  from  every  tenement  and  land- 
holder in  the  chapelry. 

Mr.  William  Danson,  of  the  parish  of  St. 
Clement  Danes,  Westminster,  who  died  in  1 797, 
possessed  of  property  in  this  chapelry,  direct- 
ed by  his  will  that  the  sum  of  3/.,  chargeable  on 
Folds  estate,  should  be  annually  and  for  ever 
paid  by  his  heirs  to  the  churchwardens  of  Ulpha, 
to  be  by  them  distributed  amongst  the  most 
needy  of  the  poor  in  that  parish,  of  which  he  was 
a  native.  This  sum  continued  to  be  paid  to  the 
chiuchwardens,  though  not  always  distributed 
by  them  exactly  as  directed,  until  the  year  1816, 
when  the  Commissioners  appointed  to  inquire 
into  Charities,  although  they  ordered  the  bequest 
to  be  "  paid  and  distributed  as  directed,"  at  the 
same  time  expressed  an  opinion  that,  according 
to  the  statute  of  mortmain,  its  payment  could 


PARISH   OF   MILLOM.  191 

not  be  enforced.  This  coming  to  the  ears  of 
the  person  who  at  that  time  farmed  the  estate, 
he  took  advantage  of  the  circumstance,  and  dis- 
continued the  payment.  H.  Danson,  Esq.,  of 
London,  however,  who  lately  came  to  the  Ulpha 
propeity,  has  directed  his  agent,  INIr.  William 
Poole,  of  River  Bank,  to  deduct  3/.  annually 
from  the  rents  of  his  estates,  to  be  distributed  by 
himself  and  the  Rev.  E.  Tyson,  of  Seathwaite, 
each  Christmas  day,  according  to  the  direction 
of  his  gi-andfather's  will.  This  act  of  liberality 
on  the  part  of  Mr.  Danson  is  highly  creditable 
to  him,  and  has  been  received  with  much  grati- 
tude by  the  poor  persons  who  have  partaken  of 
the  bounty.* 

This  chapelry  had  the  advantage  of  a  parochial 
library,  established  in  1761,  by  the  associates  of 
Dr.  Bray  :  none  of  the  volumes,  however,  are 
now  remaining. 

Charities. 

The  School  at  Millom-Below. — Joseph  Hudles- 
ton,  Esq.  of  Millom  castle,  (son  of  Sir  William 
Hudleston,  Knight,)  who  died  in  1700,  endowed 
this  School  with  100/. ;  but  that  endowment  has 
been  irrecoverably  lost  by  the  insolvency  of  a 
person  in  whose  hands  it  was  deposited.  It  now 
enjoys, in  common  with  the  two  schools  atlNIillom- 
Above  and  at  Thwaites,  a  share  of  a  bequest  of 
800/.  bequeathed  in  1 S 1 1  by  Mr.  A^■illiam  Atkinson, 
of  Bog-house,  "  who  ordered  it  to  be  invested  in 
government-stock,  and  the  interest,  (except  21. 
12s.)  to  be  applied  half-yearly  for  the  education 

•  Whitehaven  Herald. 

2  B  2 


192        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

of  poor  boys  and  girls  in  these  three  townships, 
at  the  discretion  of  the  trustees ;  provided  '  that 
not  more  than  is.  be  given  for  teaching  any  poor 
scholar  for  a  quarter  of  a  year,  nor  even  that  if 
the  scholars  can  be  well  and  diligently  taught  for 
less.' "  Fifty  shillings  of  the  interest  is  to  be 
given  annually  to  the  customers  at  Upper  Beck- 
stones-mill  ;  no  family  to  have  more  than  three 
shillings,  nor  less  than  one  shilling. 

The  Grammar  School  of  JVhichain  and  M/llom. 
— The  particulars  relating  to  this  school,  founded 
for  the  benefit  of  the  two  parishes,  have  been 
already  stated,  at  page  101. 

The  School  at  Millom-Above. — This  school  has 
an  equal  share  in  the  above-named  legacy  of  Mr. 
William  Atkinson. 

The  School  at  Thwa'ites  also  enjoys  one-third 
of  the  interest  arising  from  Mr.  W.  Atkinson's 
legacy. 

Poor  Stock. — In  1722,  it  was  certified  that 
there  was  a  poor-stock  of  30/.  2s.  Or/,  belonging 
to  this  parish ;  "  given  by  several  persons  not 
known." 

School  at  Ralhj-green. — On  the  4th  December, 
1809,  this  school  was  opened;  being  solely  insti- 
tuted and  supported  by  the  Rev Myers,  of 

Shipley-hall,  rector  of  Edenham,  co.  Lincoln,  for 
the  instruction  of  twenty  girls,  in  all  the  necessary 
and  useful  branches  of  female  education,  the 
children  of  sober  and  industrious  labourers  belong- 
ing to  this  parish. 

The  particulars  respecting  some  other  charities 
are  given  under  the  accounts  of  the  chapelries  of 
Ulpha  and  Thwaites. 


Ctjc  l?amf)  of  Irtoit. 


HIS  parish  contains  the 
two  townships  of  Irton 
and  Santon  with  Mel- 
tliwaitc,  and  is  of  small 
extent,  heing  only  two 
miles  in  length,  and  one 
and  a  half  in  breadtli.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  south, 
by  the  Mite,  which  divides 
it  from  the  parish  of 
Muncaster ;  on  the  west,  by  the  parish  of  Drigg; 
on  the  north,  by  the  parish  of  Gosforth  ;  and  on 
the  east,  by  the  manor  of  Miterdale  and  the 
chapelry  of  Wasdale,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Bees. 
This  parish  was  enclosed  pursuant  to  an  act  of 
parliament,  passed  in  1809,  under  which  an  allot- 
ment of  land  was  given  to  the  impropriator  in 
lieu  of  tithes,  and  two  statute  acres  were  allotted 
for  the  better  support  of  the  school.* 

The  Irt,  which  gives  name  to  the  parish,  flows 
through  it  in  a  south-westerly  direction.  Camden 
mentions  this  river  as  being  famous  on  account 
of  its  shell-(ish  producing  pearls.  They  appear 
at  a  former  period  to  have  been  very  plentiful  in 
this  river.f 


•  Lysoiis. 
t  See  further  particulars,  under  tlie  parish  of  Drigg,  pp.  106,  107. 


194         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

The  surface  of  this  parish  is  rather  hilly,  but 
in  no  part  is  it  mountainous.  The  soil  varies, 
being  in  some  parts  gravelly,  in  others  clayey,  or 
formed  of  a  mossy  earth.  Granite  is  plentiful 
near  Irton  Hall ;  but  neither  coals,  limestone, 
nor  freestone,  are  found  in  the  parish. 

There  was  formerly  a  corn-mill  in  this  parish 
to  which  all  who  held  under  the  lord  of  the  manor 
were  bound,  but  all  vestiges  of  it  have  long  since 
been  swept  away ;  the  farm,  however,  upon  part 
of  which  it  stood,  still  retains  the  name  of  Mill- 
Place.  Another  mill  has  been  erected  some  dis- 
tance higher  up  the  stream  at  San  ton-Bridge, 
which  also  is  the  property  of  the  lord  of  the  manor, 
but  without  making  any  pretensions  to  the  ex- 
clusiveness  of  soccage. 

Facing  Irton  Hall,  on  the  opposite  or  Santon 
side  of  the  river,  are  the  extensive  nursery-grounds 
of  Mr.  Gaitskell, — much  and  deservedly-admired 
for  the  neat  and  elegant  manner  in  which  they 
are  laid  out.  His  conservatory  of  rare  and  valu- 
able exotics  attracts  every  summer  great  numbers 
of  visitors. 

A  little  lower  down  is  Greenlands,  a  beautiful 
villa,  with  extensive  demesne  attached,  belonging 
to  Thomas  Brocklebank,  Esq.  the  opulent  mer- 
chant and  ship-owner  of  Liverpool. 

The  Manor  of  Irton, 

This  manor  has  been  held  by  the  ancient 
family  of  that  name  from  at  least  as  early  a  period 
as  soon  after  the  Conquest,  whose  descendant, 
Samuel  Irton,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  the  western  division 
of  the  county  of  Cumberland,  is  the  present  lord. 


PARISH    OF    IRTOM.  195 

The  demesne  is  large  ;  "  the  tenants  pay  cus- 
tomary rents,  arbitrary  fines,  and  heriots,  with 
other  boons  and  services." 

Irton  of  Irton.* 

Arms: — Argent,  a  fess  sable,  in  chief  three  mullets  gules. 

Crest : — A  Saracen's  head. 

Motto : — Semper  constans  etjidelis. 

Mr.  Burke,  in  his  "  History  of  the  Commoners  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,"  says,  the  lirst  of  the  family  mentioned 
by  Mr.  Warburton,  Somerset  herald,  is 

Bartram  d'Yrton,  who  lived  in  the  beginning  of  Henry  1.  ; 
and  Richard  is  mentioned  soon  after  the  Conquest,  as  appears 
by  a  deed  of  gift  in  the  exchequer  of  lands  given  to  the  abbey 
at  York,  by  Andrew  de  Morwick,  to  which  Bartram  was  an 
evidence.     He  was  succeeded  by 

Adam  d'Yrton,  of  Yrton,  who  was  one  of  the  knights  of 
St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  and  attending  Godfrey  of  Boulogne, 
and  the  other  christian  princes  to  the  Holy  Land,  was  at  the 
siege  of  Jerusalem.  During  the  war  he  slew  a  Saracen 
general,  and  is  said  to  have  severed  at  one  blow  theinlidel's 
head  from  his  body,  lie  married  Joan  Stutville,  and  was 
father  of 

Hugh  d'Yrton,  who  married  Gertrude  Tiliol,  of  an  ancient 
and  eminent  family,  which  possessed  Scaleby  castle  and  a 
large  estate  on  the  borders,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

Edmund  d'Yrton,  who  joined  the  crusade  under  Richard 
I.  and  participated  in  all  that  monarch's  wars.  He  lost  his 
life  in  the  journey  to  Jerusalem,  and  left  by  his  wife,  the 
daughter  of  Edmund  Dudley,  of  Yanwath,  in  Westmorland, 
a  son  and  successor. 


Stephen   d'Yrton,  who  married   Jane   Dacre,    (who   was 

rety  to  Henry  HI.  for  her  brother,  Thomas  Dacre,  for  his 

safe  keeping  of  the  castle   of  Bridgcnorth,  in  Salop,  against 
the  incursions  of  the  Welsh),  and  had  two  sons,  namely, 


surety 


•  A  great  portion  of  this  pedigree  has  been   supplied  by  Burke's 
Commoners. 


196         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

"Roger,  his  heir. 

Randolpl),  who  was  bred  a  priest  at  Rouen,  in  Norman- 
d)'.  On  his  return  to  England,  he  was  made  prior  of 
Gisburn,  in  Yorkshire,  and  being  a  man  of  great 
learning  and  piety,  was  constituted  in  1280,  bishop  of 
Carlisle.  He  was  a  firm  defender  of  the  rights  of  his 
church,  and  maintained  a  suit  against  Sir  Michael  de 
Harcla,  by  which,  in  1281,  he  recovered  the  manor 
and  church  of  Dalston.  He  was  also  a  party  in  a  suit 
for  tithes  of  newly-cultured  lands,  within  the  forest  of 
Inglewood,  claimed  to  be  granted  to  the  church  of 
Carlisle  by  Henry  I.,  who  enfeoffed  the  same  jtvr 
quoddam  conui  elurneum.  The  right  to  the  tithes, 
however,  was  adjudged  to  the  king,  (Edward  I.,)  who 
afterwards  granted  the  same  to  the  prior  and  convent. 
Bishop  Irton  was  joined  in  commission  with  the 
Bishop  of  Caithness,  to  collect  tenths  within  the 
kingdom  of  Scotland.  He  was  one  of  the  king's  most 
confidential  commissioners,  for  adjusting  the  claims 
to  the  crown  of  Scotland,  in  1291.  He  was  one  of 
the  plenipotentiaries  empowered  to  contract  Prince 
Edward  in  marriage  with  Queen  Margaret  of  Scotland  ; 
and  was  a  person  of  great  note  in  many  other  of  the 
most  important  political  transactions  of  his  time. 

He  died  at  Linstock,  March  1st  1292.  The  Chro- 
nicle of  Lanercost  reports,  that  being  fatigiied  with  a 
tedious  journey  in  deep  snow,  in  returning  from 
parliamerit  in  London,  after  due  refreshment  he 
retired  to  rest;  and  a  vein  bursting  in  his  sleep,  he 
was  found  suffocated  with  blood. 
The  elder  sou, 

Roger  d'Yrton,  married,  and  had  a  son  and  successor, 

William  d'Yrton,  who  married  Grace  Ilanmer,  of  Shrop- 
shire, a  near  relative  of  the  Hanmers,  of  Hanmer,  in  Flint- 
shire, and  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

Roger  d'Yrton,  living  in  1292,  who  married  Susan,  daugh- 
ter of  Sir  Ale.xander  Basinthwaite,  and  sister  of  Sir  Alexander 
Basinthwaite,  who  was  slain  at  the  battle  of  Dunbar,  in  1296. 
By  this  lady,  Roger  d'Yrton  acquired  the  manors  of  Basin- 
thwaite, Loweswater,  Unthank,  and  divers  others  lands  of 
considerable  value,  and  had  a  son  and  heir, 

Adam  d'Y'rton,  who  wedded  Elizabeth,  sole  heiress  of  Sir 


PARISH    OF    IRTON.  197 

John  Copeland,  and  obtained  with  her  the  manors  of  Berker, 
Berkby,  and  Senton.  He  left  two  sons,  of  whom,  the 
younger,  Alexander,  married  a  lady  of  the  family  of  Oding- 
sels,  and  settled  at  Wolverly,  in  Warwickshire.     The  elder, 

Richard  d'Yrton,  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  John 
Broughton,  of  Broughton,  in  Stafl'ordshire,  and  was  father  of 

Christopher  Irton,  of  Irton,  who  married  Margaret,  daugh- 
ter of  Richard  Redman,  of  lierwood  castle,  and  was  succeed- 
ed by  his  son, 

Nicholas  Irton,  of  Irton,  who  occurs  12th  Henry  VI.,  in 
the  list  of  the  gentry  of  the  county  returned  by  the  commis- 
sioners, (see  Lealh  Ward,  p.  495).  He  married  a  daughter 
of  William  Dykes,  of  Wardell,  in  Cumberland,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  son, 

John  Irton,  Esq.,  of  Irton,  living  temp.  Edward  IV.,  who 
married  Anne,  daughter  ot  Sir  Thomas  Lamplugh,  Knt.,  by 
Eleanor,  his  wife,  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Fenwick,  of  Fen- 
wick,  and  had,  with  another  son,  Joseph,  (who  left  two 
daughters,  Elizabeth,  married  to  William  Armorer,  Esq. ; 
and  Mary,  married  to  John  Skelton,  Esq.,  of  Armathwaite 
castle),  a  son, 

William  Irton,  Esq.,  of  Irton,  who  was  appointed  in  1493 
general  to  the  Uuke  of  Gloucester,  and  (as  appears  by  an  old 
grant  in  the  family)  his  deputy  lieutenant.  He  married  a 
daughter  of  the  ancient  house  of  Fleming  of  Rydal,  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  son, 

Thomas  Irton,  Esq.,  of  Irton,  wlio  received  the  honour  of 
knighthood  from  the  Earl  of  Surrey,  at  Floddenficld,  and 
was  slain  in  a  skirmish  at  Kelso,  with  the  Scotch.  He  died 
8. p.  and  was  succeeded  in  1503  by  his  brother, 

Richard  Irton,  Esq.  of  Irton,  who  was  high-sheriff  of  the 
county  of  Cumberland,  in  the  22nd  Henry  VIII.  He  married 
Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  ^\'illiam  Middlcton,  knight,  of  Stokeld 
Park.  In  tlic  35th  Henry  VIII.  it  was  found  by  inquisition 
that  he  held  the  manor  and  town  of  Irton,  of  the  king,  as  of 
his  castle  of  Egremont,  by  homage,  and  fealty,  \d.  rent,  and 
suit  at  the  court  of  Egremont.  He  also  possessed  Cleter, 
and  a  moiety  of  the  manor  of  Bassenthwaite. 

Christopher  Irton,  Esq.  son  and  heir,  married  in  1543, 
2  c 


198        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  William  Mallory,  knight,  of  Stud- 
ley  park,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

John  Irton,  Esq.  who  married  in  1577,  Dorothy,  daughter 
of  Roger  Kirkby,  Esq.  of  Kirkby  in  Furness. 

John  Irton,  Esq.  son  and  heir,  appears  in  the  list  of  the 
gentry  of  the  county  who  contributed  to  the  support  of  the 
garrison  of  Carlisle,  during  the  great  rebellion.  He  married 
in  1638,  Anne,  sister  of  Sir  Harry  Ponsonby,  ancestor  of  the 
Earls  of  Besborough,  and  left  a  son  and  successor, 

John  Irton,  Esq.  who  married  in  1658,  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  ... .  Musgrave  of  Jlealrig,  younger  brother  of  Sir  William 
Musgrave,  Knight,  of  Crookdake.  See  an  anecdote  of  this 
Mr.  Irton,  under  our  account  of  Irton  Hall,  page  199. 

George  Irton,  Esq.  son  and  heir,  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Lamplugh,  Esq,  of  Lamplugh,  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  son, 

George  Irton,  Esq.  who,  in  1753,  was  high-sheriflF  of  the 
county  of  Cumberland.  In  1695,  he  married  Elizabeth,  eldest 
daughter  of  David  Poole,  Esq.  of  Knottingley  and  Syke- 
house,  CO.  York,  by  whom  he  had  two  sons  and  five  daughters. 
Mr.  Irton  died  7th  December,  1 749,  aged  82,  and  was  buried 
in  the  same  grave  with  his  wife  (who  died  in  1744)  in  the 
chancel  of  the  parish-church  of  Irton,  where  is  a  monument 
to  their  memory. 

Samuel  Irton,  Esq.  son  and  heir,  married  Frances,  only 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Robert  Tubman,  Esq.  of  Cockermouth, 
by  whom  he  had  three  sons  and  three  daughters,  all  of  whom 
survived  him.  Mr.  Irton  was  high-sheriff  of  the  county  in 
the  5th  George  III.,  and  died  in  London,  12th  April,  1766, 
aged  50.  His  remains  were  brought  to  Irton,  and  interred 
in  the  chancel  of  the  church  there,  where  is  a  monument  to 
his  memory.  His  widow  remarried  to  ... .  Brathwaite,  Esq. 
and  dying  in  1802,  was  buried  in  the  church  of  flawkshead. 
Mr.  Irton  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son, 

Edmund   Lamplugh  Irton,   Esq.,   who   married,    firstly, 

....  daughter  of Hodgson,  Esq.,  of  Hawkshead  ;  and, 

secondly,  (2nd  August,  1787),  Harriet,  daughter  of  John 
Hayne,  Esq.,  of  Ashbourn  Green,  co.  Derby.  By  the  latter 
he  had  issue, 

Samuel,  his  successor,  the  present  lord. 


PARISH    OF    IRTON.  199 

Richard,   a   major,  in  the  rifle  brigade,  who  married 

Sarah,  daughter  of  Joseph  Sabine,  Esq. 
Anne,  married  to  Joseph  Gunson,  Esq.  of  Ingwell. 
Frances. 
Mr.  Irtoa  died  2nd  November,  1820,  and  was  succeeded 
by  his  eldest  son, 

Samuel  Irton,  Esq,  M.P.  who  was  born  29th  September, 
1796.  Mr.  Irton  is  in  the  commission  of  the  peace  for 
Cumberland,  and  has  represented  the  western  division  of  the 
county  of  Cumberland  in  several  parliaments.  In  1825, 
(July  25th)  he  married  Eleanor,  second  daughter*  of  Joseph 
TifTm  Senhouse,  Esq.,  of  Calder  Abbey,  an  officer  in  the 
guards,  by  his  second  wife,  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  Sunder- 
land, Esq.  of  Cartmel,  co.  Lancaster. 

Irton  Hall. 

Irton  Hallf  has  been  for  many  centuries  the 
manorial-house  and  seat  of  the  ancient  family  of 
the  Irtons.  The  present  mansion,  however,  is 
of  a  more  recent  date,  excepting  the  fortified 
tower,  which  is  still  retained.  It  is  pleasantly 
seated  amid  noble  trees  on  the  summit  of  an  ac- 
clivity sweeping  up  from  the  Irt,  about  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  cast  from  the  parish-church. 

Mr.  Sandford's  IMS.  contains  the  following 
notice  of  this  mansion,  and  a  pleasing  anecdote 
of  the  loyalty  of  one  of  the  ancestors  of  the  pre- 
sent lord  of  the  manor :— "  A  litle  above  nye  the 
montanes  towards  Moncastre.a  great  tower-house 
of  ancient  family  of  Squire  Iretons  of  Ireton,  but 
not  of  that  fatall  Iretons,  of  Oliver's  tribe  ;  for 
this  now  [circa  1675]  lord  of  Ireton  hall  came  to 
attend  at  the  King's   [Charles  II.]    returne  to 

•  Mar)-,  the  elder  sister,  married  Thomas  Invin,  Esq.,  who  now  resides 
at  Calder  Abbey. 

t  A  view  of  Irton  Hall  is  published  in  Neale's  SeatB. 

2  c  2 


200        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

London  ;  and  some  gallants  brought  him  to  kiss 
the  king's  hand.  '  And  now/  quoth  he,  *  I  have 
blessed  my  eyes  with  a  sight  of  [the]  king :  He 
even  goe  home,  and  end  my  days  in  Godd's  peace, 
I  hope.' " 

The  most  striking  architectural  feature  of  this 
building  is  a  quadrangular  tower,  built  in  the 
castellated  style,  with  embrasures,  which — from 
its  gi-eat  antiquity,  and  from  the  circumstance  of 
the  other  parts  of  the  mansion  being  of  various 
and  more  modern  dates — we  may  reasonably 
presume  to  have  constituted  the  principal  part 
of  the  manorial  hall. 

"  Thou  stand'st  a  monument  of  strength  subhme, 
A  giant,  laughing  at  the  threats  of  Time  !" 

The  site  of  this  mansion  has  been  most  judi- 
ciously selected,  as  it  is  extremely  picturesque, 
and  commands  an  extensive  view  of  the  sublime 
scenery  in  its  immediate  vicinity,  and  of  the  Isle 
of  Man  and  the  southern  part  of  Scotland. 

The  present  representative  of  the  family  is 
Samuel  Irton,  Esq.,  INI. P.  for  the  western  division 
of  the  county  of  Cumberland,  who  is  lord  of  the 
manors  of  Irton  and  iNIelthwaite. 

In  front  of  the  hall  stands  an  oak  of  gigantic 
dimensions,  its  circumference  being  so  great  that 
three  men  can  scarcely  encompass  it  with  their 
extended  arms.  It  was,  at  a  former  period, 
remarkable  for  its  gi-eat  spread  of  limb,  covering 
an  area  of  almost  incredible  extent,  and  was  an 
object  of  universal  admiration  in  the  neighbour- 
hood. At  present,  however,  it  is  sadly  "  shorn 
of  its  fair  proportions,"  all  its  principal  branches 
having  dropped  off  by  natural  decay,  and  nothing 


PARISH   OF   IRTON.  201 

remaining  but  the  trunk  and  a  few  apparently 
thriveless  shoots.  It  bears  evident  marks  of  very 
great  antiquity  ;  and  judging  from  its  appearance, 
it  would  perhaps  be  "  no  extravagant  arithmetic" 
to  say,  that  this  "  brave  old  oak"— this  venerable 
sylvan  patriarch  has 

" brav'd  a  thousand  years 

The  lightning  and  the  breeze." 

The  Manor  of  Santon. 

Santon,  in  the  time  of  Henry  HI.  was  held  by 
Alan  de  Copeland,  whose  mansion-house  was  in 
the  township  of  Bootle.  "  He  held  of  Thomas 
de  Multon  of  Gilsland,  who  held  over  of  the  lord 
of  r>remont."  He  was  succeeded  by  his  sons, 
Alan^'and  Richard,  and  they  by  John  and  Richard. 
In  the  22nd  Richard  II.,  Alan  son  of  Richard 
Copeland  held  lands  here.  In  the  year  1777, 
Santon  was  held  by  the  families  of  Irton  and 
Winder ;  the  moiety  held  by  the  latter  having 

been  purchased  of Latus,  who  bought  it 

from  the  Lancasters.     It  is  now  the  property  of 
Skeffington  Lutwidge,  Esq.,  of  Holm-Rook  Hall. 

The  Church. 

The  church  of  Irton,  {Eccl.  S.  Michael  de 
Yirrton,  Archidiac.  Richmond*)  it  appears  from 
Tanner,  was  appropriated  in  the  year  1227,  to 
the  nunnery  of  Setou  or  Lekely :  on  the  dissolution 
of  religious  houses,  it  was  granted  to  the  Penning- 
tons,  of  Muncaster,  ancestors  of  the  present  Lord 


Tanner. 


202         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT, 

Muncaster.  The  tithes  and  the  right  of  advow- 
son  remained  in  that  family  until  the  year  18.  . 
when  Lord  Muncaster  sold  them  to  Samuel  Irton, 
Esq.  M.P.  the  present  patron.  The  benefice  does 
not  occur  in  the  Valor  Ecclesiastic/is  of  Henry  VHI. 
It  was  certified  to  the  governors  of  Queen  Ann's 
bounty  at  the  annual  value  of  41.  13s.  id.  The 
dedication,  according  to  Nicolson  and  Burn,  is 
to  St.  Paul,  although  Tanner  speaks  of  it  as, 
ecclesia  S.  Michael  de  Yirrton.  The  present  in- 
cumbent is  the  Rev.  John  Grice,  who  is  also  the 
perpetual  curate  of  the  parish  of  Drigg.  On  the 
enclosure  of  the  parish,  pursuant  to  an  act  of 
parliament  passed  in  1809,  an  allotment  of  land 
was  given  in  lieu  of  tithes. 

The  parish  church  of  Irton,  dedicated  to  St. 
Paul,  is  a  very  handsome  modern  structure,  pre- 
senting an  appearance  of  external  elegance  not 
frequently  met  with  in  remote  naral  districts ; 
nor  are  its  internal  appointments  calculated  to 
disappoint  those  favourable  impressions  which 
its  prepossessing  exterior  cannot  fail  to  inspire. 

It  has  a  chancel,  nave,  and  quadrangular 
tower  of  considerable  elevation,  in  three  stories  ; 
the  basement  forming  a  commodious  vestibule 
before  entering  the  body  of  the  building ;  the 
second  story  being  fitted  up  for  the  pui-poses  of 
a  vestry-room ;  and  the  uppermost  containing  the 
bells.  The  whole  is  surmounted  by  four  balls  of 
proportionate  dimensions. 

As  the  site  of  this  church  is  on  elevated 
ground,  it  forms  a  very  conspicuous  object  in  the 
surrounding  scenery  ;  and  throughout  an  area  of 
several  miles,  on  reaching  the  summit  of  any 
eminence,  its  white  airy  outUne  is  almost  invari- 


PARISH    OF   IRTON. 


203 


ably  the  first  thing  that  meets  the  eye  of  the 
spectator. 

An  inscription  on  the  front  of  the  gallery  ni- 
fomis  us  that  the  church  was  rebuilt  in  the  year 
1 795.  The  registers  of  this  parish  do  not  contain 
any  thing  worth  extracting ;  the  truth  is,  they 
have  been  very  negligently  kept,  not  extending 
farther  back  in  any  instance  than  100  years.  It 
is  very  probable  that  those  of  an  older  date  have 
been  lost  or  destroyed  at  the  time  of  rebuilding 
the  church. 

An  oval  tablet  of  white  marble,  on  the  north 
side  of  the  nave,  is  thus  inscribed — 

Merito 

Parcntibus, 

THOMCE  MOSSOP, 

(Ob.  XVIII  Cal.  Sep.  MDCCXXXIV 

Mt.    LXXII.) 

Nee  non 

Conjugi  Annte, 

(Ob.  XII  Cal.  Ap.  Eodemque  Anno 

jEt  LXXII). 

J.  Mossor  Cler.  A.M. 

Faciundum 

Curavit. 

On  the  same  side  is  the  following  inscription, 
in  gilt  letters  on  a  framed  board  : — 

Thia  erected  to  the  memory  of  JOHN 
WINDER  of  Stangcnds,  Gentlem"  who  departed 
this  life  the  24th  November,  1750,  aged  82  years. 
By  his  nephew 

John  Freers. 

On  the  same  side,  at  the  head  of  the  family 
pew  of  the  Lutwidges,  is  a  monument  remarkably 
chaste  and  classical  in  its  design,  elegant  and 


204        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

masterly  in  its  execution,  imposing  by  its  height 
and  the  richness  and  dazzHng  polish  of  the  ma- 
terials, but  above  all,  fascinating  for  the  studied 
correctness  and  laboured  finish  of  its  minutest 
details  ;  in  fact,  one  of  those  splendid  specimens 
of  art  to  which  the  eye  of  the  connoisseur  may 
revert  again  and  again,  and  still  find  something 
new  to  admire  and  applaud.  It  bears  the  follow- 
ing inscription  : — 

To  the  memory  of 
SKEFFINGTON  LUTWIDGE,  of  Holm  Rook,  Esquire, 

Admiral  of  the  Red,* 

Who  commanded  in  1773,  H.  M.  S.  Carcass,  on  a  voyage 

of  Discovery  towards  the  North  Pole. 

He  bore  many  high  and  important  Commands 

With  honor  to  himself  and  advantage  to  the  public  service. 

In  private  life 

•  Of  course,  the  rash  and  chivalrous  adventure  of  Nelson  and  one  of 
his  juvenile  associates  iu  pursuit  of  a  bear  on  the  ice  is  familiar  to  our 
readers,  as  it  is  as  notorious  and  as  much  a  matter  of  history  as  any  of 
his  most  illustrious  achievements  in  after-life  ;  but  as  it  is  not  so  generally 
kown  that  tie  embryo  hero  of  the  Nile  and  of  Trafalgar  was  serving  at 
the  time  of  the  occurrenceof  this  incident  tinder  the  gallant  admiral  whose 
obituary  is  recorded  above,  we  hope  the  following  extract,  which  estab- 
lishes this  fact,  will  not  be  considered  uninteresting. — "  When  the  ex- 
pedition of  discovery  towards  the  North  Pole,  imderCommodore  Phipps, 
sailed  next  year,  (1773)  Nelson  had  used  all  his  interest  to  be  permitted 
to  go  with  Captain  Lutwidge,  in  the  Carcass,  as  his  cockswain.  In  this 
object  of  his  ambition  he  succeeded  ;  and  during  the  voyage,  displayed 
some  of  his  characteristic  traits.  We  can  mention  only  the  following. 
One  night,  when  they  were  surromidcd  by  ice,  the  young  cockswain  and 
a  ship-male,  undaunted  by  their  danger,  stole  from  the  vessel  to  hunt  a 
bear.  They  were  soon  missed ;  and  the  signal  was  made  for  their  ret  urn, 
which  they  were  obliged  to  obey,  and  much  to  their  mortification, 
without  securing  their  prey.  'What  reason  could  you  have,'  said 
Captain  Lutwidge  to  Nelson,  'for  hunting  a  bear?'  'Sir,'  replied  be, 
'  I  wished  to  get  the  skin  for  my  father,"  " 


PARISH   OF    IRTON.  205 

He  waa  distinguished  by  the  sweetness  of  his  manners ; 

A  kind  relation  and  warm  friend. 

He  died  on  the  lolh  of  August,  in  the  year  1814, 

In  the  78  Year  of  his  age. 

His  remains  were  deposited  near  this  Place, 

In  the  same  grave  with  CATHERINE,  his  wife, 

Daughter  of  Ricbabd  Hauvey  of  Londonderry,  Esq. 

Who  died  on  the  2Ist  day  of  January  1810,  aged  48  years. 

This  monument  is  dedicated  by  their  grateful  nephew. 

Major  S.  Lutwidge. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  altar-table  is  a  marble 
monument  ^vith  tliis  inscription — 

Near  this  place 

Lies  the  body  of  SAM.  IRTON,  Esq. 

Who  died  in  London,  April  the  I'ilh,  17G6,  in  the  51  year  of  his  age. 

He  was  a  sincere  and  faithful  friend. 

An  affectionate  and  tender  Husband, 

A  careful  and  indulgent  parent. 

He  left  issue  three  sons  and  three  daughters 

By  Frances,  Daughter  of  Robt.  Tubman 

Of  Cockerraouth  in  this  County,  Gent. 

Who  in  Testimony  of  her  sincere  regard  and 

Edtecm  for  his  memory  has  caused  this 

monument  to  be  erected,  1767. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  altar-table  on  a  marble 
monument  is  the  following — 

Under  this  monument  in  one  grave  are  deposited  the  remains  of 
GEORGE  IRTON  Esq.of  Irton  Hall  in  this  parish,  and  ELIZABETH 
his  wife.  She  departed  this  life  y"^  19lh  February,  17 14  aged  70  years, 
and  he  December  y«  7lh,  1749,  aged  82.  They  were  the  best  of  Parents 
to  their  children,  and  the  sincercst  of  friends.  After  a  long  life  spent 
with  the  greatest  Industry  they  retrieved  an  Estate  almost  lost.  She  was 
Eldest  Daughterof  David  I'oole  of  Knottiugly  in  the  East  Riding  of  York, 
Esq  They  left  issue  living  2  sons  and  five  Daughters,  Sam'-  the  youngest 
son  who  survived  his  father  and  mother,  erected  this  monument  out  of  a 
due  filial  and  affectionate  regard  to  the  memory  of  both  of  them. 

2    D 


206        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERVVENT. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  chancel  there  is  an 
oblong  marble  slab  surmounted  by  a  sarcophagus ; 
the  latter  bears  this  inscription — 

In  memory  of 
LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  SAMUEL  IBTON, 

Who  after  a  residence 

of  Thirty  three  years  in  India, 

In  the  service  of 

The  Honorable  East  India  Company, 

Returned  to  England  in  Sept.  1811, 

And  died  13th  March,  1813, 

Aged  49  years. 

On  the  slab  are  the  following  verses : — 

Those  who  were  taught  from  earliest  youth  to  view, 
With  pleasure,  his  return  so  long  protracted ; 

Now  saw  with  transport,  every  vision  true. 
That  hope  had  form'd  or  memory  contracted. 

Saw  every  social  virtue,  sweetly  blending. 
Where  valour's  self  stood  prompt  at  glory's  call ; 

And  fame  and  honor,  on  his  steps  attending, 
Yet  generous,  kind,  affectionate  to  all. 

Against  the  south  wall,  over  the  pew  of  the 
Irton  family,  is  another  marble  monument  bearing 
the  following  inscription  : — 

In  memory  of 

FRANCES   BRATHWAITE,  formerly  IRTON, 

Who  died  July  XIX,  MDCCCII,  aged  LXX  years, 

And  was  buried  in  Hawkshead  Church. 

This  monument  was  erected 

From  a  filial  aifeclion  for  one  of 

The  best  of  Parents; 

By  E.  L.  Ibton,  of  Irton  Hall, 

And  Samuel  Irton,  a  major  in  the  service 

oUhe  East  India  Company  at  Madras, 

wo  of  her  sons  by  her  first  husband 

Samuel  Ikton  of  Irton,  Esq. 
S/ie  searched  the  scriptures  daily. 


zuht^  hj  Stun-  &>u^h 


/~7y/V  7^?z  Irion  Church  lard. 


S  Je/fersen.  Carlisle 


<  •    u 


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■"■vn.':'vf;*' 


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208        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Henry  Caddy  of  Katch-Ground,  the  founder, 
endowed  it  with  the  sum  of  100/.,  that  it  might 
be  free  to  the  parish  on  condition  of  certain  pay- 
ments. There  was  also  another  grant  of  10/.  a 
year,  arising  out  of  the  Gasketh  estate,  which, 
however,  is  lost,  or  at  least  has  been  withheld 
for  several  years. 

The  master's  direct  income  is  at  present  about 
8  guineas  per  annum:  11.  6s.  of  which  occurs  as 
interest  from  ISO/,  invested  in  the  hands  of 
Samuel  Irton,  Esq.,  M.P.,  and  the  remainder  as 
the  rental  of  an  allotment  of  land  which  was 
awarded  to  the  school  at  the  time  of  the  en- 
closure of  Irton  Moor,  pursuant  to  an  act  of 
parhament  passed  in  1809.  The  180/.  is  supposed 
to  be  the  original  grant  with  some  trifling  accu- 
mulations. 


Ctje  Uaridt)  of  fWunca0tfr. 

HE  parish  of  JNIuncastcr 
is  bounded  on  the  south, 
by  that  of  Wabevthwaite; 
on  the  west,  by  the  Irish 
Sea;  on  the  north,  by 
the  parishes  of  Irton  and 
Drigg;  and  on  the  east, 
by  tlie  chapeh-ies  of  Ulpha 
and  Eskdalc.  It  consists 
r-<oy  xai  ty/r^-  of  two  townships,  Mun- 

caster  and  Birkby,  which  arc  divided  by  theEsk. 
It  extends  about  four  miles,  east  and  west ;  and 
in  breadth,  from  north  to  south,  nearly  three 
miles  The  Esk  and  Mite  abound  with  trout, 
and  some  salmon  are  taken  in  those  rivers  :  the 
fishery  belongs  to  Lord  IMuncaster  and  Major- 
General  Wyndham,  of  Cockcrmouth  castle.  1  he 
township  of  Muncaster  lies  between  those  rivers ; 
the  township  of  Birkby  is  on  the  south  side  oi 
the  Esk :  the  former  contains  the  market-town 
and  port  of  Kavenglass. 

The  soil  of  this  parish  is  loamy  and  rather 
fertile  towards  the  sea;  but  farther  eastward  it 
is  mossy,  and  gravelly  near  the  mountanis  A 
mountainous  ridge  extends  along  the  middle  of 
the  parish.  Neither  coal,  limestone,  nor  treestone 
are  found  here. 

There  was  formerly  so  great  an  abundance  ot 


210         ALLERDALF,    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

woodcocks  in  this  parish,  that,  "by  a  special 
custom,  the  tenants  were  obhged  to  sell  them  to 
the  lord  for  one  penny  each  ;  they  were  taken  by 
springs,  and  traps ;  but  since  the  country  was 
stripped  of  wood,  they  make  a  short  stay  here  in 
their  passage,  and  are,  of  late  years,  become  very 
scarce." 

Mr.  Sandford's  MS.  account  of  Cumberland 
gives  the  following  particulars  : — "  Monkaster, 
the  ancient  seite  of  the  Peningtons,  but  no  K"  of 
late,  from  whence  come  the  aldermen  Peningtons 
of  London,  and  I  think  the  quondam  famous 
captain  Penington  :  for  I  had  an  uncle  of  my 
own  name,  Edm :  Sandford,  prentis  to  his  cousin 
Penington  at  London,  which  must  needs  be  one 
of  this  house.  Ther  is  a  brave  parke,  and  all 
belonging  to  this  grand  house  of  Montcastre,  full 
of  ffallow  dear,  down  to  Ravenglass,  so  called  of 
a  brood  of  ravens  there,  and  I  have  seen  a  white 
raven  ....  and  very  tame  for  a  marvaile,  and 
....  like  a  hauke  to  kill  partridge  and  other 
fowles." 

In  ancient  evidences  Muncaster  is  called 
Meolcastre,  Mealcaxfre,  and  JSIulcaster.  Walls 
Castle,  near  Ravenglass,  is  the  name  given  to  the 
ruins  of  an  old  building  which  is  said  to  have 
been  the  ancient  place  of  residence  of  the  Pen- 
ningtons,  ancestors  of  the  present  lord  Muncaster  : 
but  with  much  greater  probability  is  supposed  to 
be  of  early  British  origin.  The  walls  are  cement- 
ed with  run  lime.  Roman  and  Saxon  coins  have 
been  found  around  it,  with  stone  axes  and  arrow- 
heads, "  the  undoubted  arms  of  our  Celtic  an- 
cestors." 

"  A   small   brass   kettle,    with    two    handles. 


PARISH   OF   MUNCASTER.  211 

standing  on  three  legs,  in  form  exactly  resembling 
the  iron  ones  still  in  use,  was  found,  a  few  years 
since  at  the  Roman  station  on  Eskmeals,  in  this 
parish,  and  is  now  in  the  possession  of  E.  L.  Irton, 
Esq. 

"  This  vessel  does  not  exhibit  any  thing  the 
least  like  Roman  workmanshij),  but  it  has  the 
appearance  of  great  antiquity  ;  having  undergone 
frequent  repairs,  apparently  long  after  it  was 
manufactured.  Several  small  holes  have  been 
stopped,  by  bits  of  copper  cut  out  and  rivetted 
on  :  and  one  of  the  legs  which  has  been  broken 
is  spliced  in  a  very  clumsy  manner  by  a  piece  of 
metal  soldered  on.  Another  of  the  same  form, 
has  been  found  at  the  same  place,  and  is  also  in 
the  possession  of  Mr.  Irton."* 

A  very  singular  custom  obtains  here  on  the 
eve  of  the  new  year,  when  the  children  go  from 
house  to  house,  singing  a  ditty,  and  begging  the 
bounty  "  they  were  wont  to  have  in  old  king 
Edward's  days."  Nothing  is  known  respecting 
the  origin  of  this  custom.  Has  not  the  name 
been  altered  from  Henry  to  Edward?  and  may 
it  not  have  an  allusion  to  the  time  when  tlie  sixth 
Henry  was  entertained  here  in  his  flight  from  his 
enemies  ? 

On  Rirkby-Fell,near  the  foot  of  Devoke  Water, 
are  some  remains  of  a  fort  or  an  encampment, 
called  the  Ruins  of  the  c'lti/  of  Bnriiscar,  tradition- 
ally ascril)ed  to  tlie  Danes,  of  which  the  Rev. 
Aaron  Marshall  communicated  the  following  ac- 
count to  that  History  of  Cumberland  wliich  bears 
Mr.  Hutchinson's  name: — "This  place  is  about 

•  Lyaons. 


212        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

300  yards  long,  from  east  to  west ;  and  1 00  yards 
broad,  from  north  to  south ;  now  walled  round, 
save  at  the  east  end,  near  three  feet  in  height : 
there  appears  to  have  been  a  long  street,  with 
several  cross  ones ;  the  I'emains  of  house-steads, 
within  the  walls,  are  not  very  numerous,  but  on 
the  outside  of  the  walls  they  are  innumerable, 
especially  on  the  south  side  and  west  end  :  the 
circumference  of  the  city  and  suburbs,  is  near 
three  computed  miles ;  the  figure  an  oblong 
square  :  there  is  an  ancient  road  through  the  city, 
leading  from  Ulpha  to  Ravenglass.  About  the 
year  1730,  a  considerable  quantity  of  silver  coin 
W'as  found  in  the  ruins  of  one  of  the  houses,  con- 
cealed in  a  cavity,  formed  in  a  beam  ;  they  were 
claimed  by  the  lord  of  the  manor." 

The  Manor. 

Mr.  John  Denton  says ; — "  the  next  fee  unto 
Milium,  holden  immediately  of  the  barony  of 
Egi'emont,  is  JNIulcaster,  seated  on  the  north  side 
of  the  seigniory  of  jNlillum.  The  manor  is  bounded 
between  the  river  Esk,  and  a  little  rill  or  beck, 
called  Mite.  It  is  in  form,  a  long  ridge  or  rising 
ground  of  hills  from  the  foot  of  Esk,  extended 
along,  between  those  riveis  unto  the  great  and 
vast  mountains  belonging  to  Egremont,  in  Esk- 
dale,  A\'astdale,  and  Mitredale.  There  are  not 
many  under  fees  belonging  to  this  manor. 

"  The  place  is  now  corruptly  called  ISIoncaster; 
liowbeit,  the  right  name  is  Midcnstre,  or  Meol- 
castrc,  of  an  old  castle  there  towards  the  water- 
side, near  unto  Eskmeal,  which  was  the  ancient 
dwelling-house  of  the  Penningtons,  and  is  yet 


PARISH    OF    MUNCASTER. 


213 


visible  in  the  ruins,  they  call  it  the   Old  Walls  ; 
for  their  present  mansion-house  is  of  later  erection, 
made  by  some  of  them  much  better,  and   more 
conveniently  set  for  slate,  and  for  avoidance  of 
the  air,  and  sharp  distempers  of  the  sea.     It  was 
called  Meol-caxtre,  or  Mnlecastre,  from  the  meal 
on  which  it  anciently  stood ;  and  it  is  accordmgly 
written  Mnlecastre,  and  Mealecastrc,  in   all   their 
old  evidences  and  records.      Eskmeal   (whereon 
the  antient   castle  stood)   is  a  plain,  low,  dry, 
ground,  at  the  foot  of  Esk,  between  the  moun- 
tains and  the  sea,  which  sort  of  grounds,  lying 
under  mountains  and  promontories  into,  or  at 
the  sea,  are  commonly  called  Mules  or  Meils,  as 
it  were  the  entrance  or  mouth,  from  the  sea  into 
a  river,  or  such  like  place,  as  this  Meil  of  Esk, 
Kirksanton  Meil,  Cartmeil,  Mealholme,  the  Mule 
of  Galloway,  and  Milium  itself,  and  many  other 

such  like.  . 

"  The  estate  is  now  in  the  possession  ol  Joseph 
Pennington,  Esq.,  whose  ancestors  have  enjoyed 
the  same  ever  since  the  conquest,  sometimes  col- 
laterallv,  but  for  the  most  ]iart  lineally  descend- 
ing by  their  issue  male  to  this  time.  They  were, 
for  the  most  part,  knights  successively,  and  men 
of  great  valour  in  the  king's  services,  on  the  bor- 
ders  and  marches,  and  in  other  expeditions, 
where  it  pleased  the  king  to  command  them. 
They  took  their  name  from  Pennington  in  Lan- 
caslnre  ;  and  tliuugh  this  manor  (of  xMulcaster) 
was  alwavs  theirs  as  aforesaid,  yet  some  have 
greatly  mistakLU  the  same  to  have  been,  first,  the 
Mulcaster's  patrimony,  and  to  have  come  Irom 
them  to  the  Penningtons,  by  marriage  or  pur- 
chase.    All  tlie  Mulcasters  are  descended  Irom 

2   E 


214        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

one  David  de  Mulcaster,  the  son  of  Benedict 
Pennington,  who  hved  in  king  John's  time.  He 
had  two  sons,  John  and  Adam,  called  both  de 
Mulcaster,  and  so  their  posterity  take  their  sur- 
name of  the  place  where  their  first  ancestor, 
David,  died." 

MuNCASTER  Castle. 

Mmicaster  castle*  is  a  handsome  and  spacious 
modern  structure,  having  been  nearly  rebuilt  by 
John,  first  Baron  Muncaster.  The  late  Lord 
also  added  a  quadrangular  tower.  The  principal 
tower  of  the  ancient  fortified  mansion  has  been 
preserved,  but  it  has  lost  its  original  external 
appearance.  The  castle  is  delightfully  situated 
on  the  side  of  an  eminence,  north  of  the  Esk, 
rather  more  than  one  mile  east  of  Ravenglass. 
It  is  surrounded  by  plantations,  and  commands 
an  extensive  view  of  the  vale  of  the  Esk,  bound- 
ed by  wild  mountain  scenery.  Hardknott, 
AVrynose,  and  Scafell  form  the  eastern  boundary 
of  Eskdale,  which,  viewed  from  the  richly  wood- 
ed hills  about  ISIuncaster  Castle,  at  the  opposite 
extremity,  exhibits  one  of  tlie  finest  views  in 
Cumberland.  The  park  was  much  improved  by 
John,  first  Lord  Muncaster,  who  planted  many 
thousand  ti"ees,  and  "  introduced  here  the  best 
breeds  of  cattle,  from  which  he  reared  some  of  1 00 
stones  weight."  Previous  to  this  the  park  had 
a  bare  appearance  on  account  of  its  want  of  trees. 
The  memorable  storm  of  January  7th,  1839, 
proved  very  destructive  to  the  trees  and  plan- 

•  Engraved  in  Fisher'B  Northern  Tourist. 


PARISH   OF   MUNCASTER.  215 

tations ;  many  of  the  former  in  the  avenue 
approaching  to  the  castle,  were  broken  or  torn 
up  by  the  roots.  The  deer-park  is  situated  a 
short  distance  from  the  castle  :  it  contains  about 
100  deer. 

The  windows  of  the  entrance-hall  contain  some 
very  fine  and  valuable  stained  glass  :  the  chimney- 
piece  is  of  carved  oak ;  and  that  in  the  drawing- 
room  is  a  very  costly  one  of  marble,  exquisitely 
carved.  King  He/iri/'s  bed-room  contains  a  full 
length  portrait  of  Henry  VI.  kneeling  before  an 
altar,  with  tlic  luck  of  Miaicaster  in  his  hand. 
The  bed-stead  is  of  carved  oak ;  it  has  the  initials 
H.  II.  and  bears  a  crown.  The  chairs,  the  doors, 
and  the  chimney-piece  in  this  room,  are  of  old 
carved  oak.  In  the  library  are  the  arms  of  the 
families  with  whom  the  Penningtons  have  been 
allied  by  marriage. 

On  the  stair-case  is  a  curious  portrait  of 
Thomas  Skelton,  "  t/ie  fool  of  Mii/iccisfcr,  who  is 
said  to  have  lived  here  at  the  time  of  the  civil 
wars,  and  of  whose  sayings  there  are  many  tradi- 
tional stories.  He  is  dressed  in  a  check  gown, 
blue,  yellow,  and  white ;  under  his  arm  is  an 
earthen  dish  with  ears ;  in  his  right  hand  a  white 
wand ;  in  his  left,  a  white  hat,  bound  with  pink 
ribbands  and  with  blue  bows ;  in  front,  a  paper, 
on  which  is  written  Mrs.  Dorothy  Copeland, 
The  following  lines  are  inscribed  on  the  picture  : 

"Th«  Skelton  late  Fool  of  Muncaster's  last  Will  and  Testament. 

"  Be  it  known  to  ye,  oh  grave  and  wise  men  all, 
That  I  Thorn  Fool  am  Sheriff  of  y«  Hall, 
I  mean  the  Hall  of  Haigh,  where  I  command 
What  neither  I  nor  you  do  understand. 
My  Under  Sheriff  is  Ralph  Waytc  you  know, 

2  E  2 


216        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

As  wise  as  1  am  and  as  witty  too. 
Of  Egrcmond  I  have  Burrow  Serjeant  beene, 
Of  Wiggan  Bailiff  too,  as  may  be  seen 
By  my  wliite  staff  of  office  in  my  hand. 
Being  carried  streight  as  the  badge  of  my  command  : 
A  low  high  constable  too  was  once  my  calling, 
Which  1  enjoyed  under  king  Henry  Rawling ; 
And  when  the  Fates  a  new  Sheriff  send, 
I'm  Under  Sheriff  prick'd  World  without  end. 
He  who  doth  question  my  authority 
May  see  the  seal  and  patten  here  ly  by. 
The  dish  with  luggs  which  I  do  carry  here 
Shews  all  my  living  is  in  good  strong  beer. 
If  scurvy  lads  to  me  abuses  do, 
I'll  call  'em  scurvy  rogues  and  rascals  too. 
Fair  Dolly  Copeland  in  my  cap  is  placed  ; 
Monstrous  fair  is  she,  and  as  good  as  all  the  rest. 
Honest  Nich.  Pennington,  honest  Ths.  T\imer,  both 
Will  bury  me  when  I  this  world  go  forth. 
But  let  me  not  be  carry'd  o'er  the  brigg, 
Lest  falling  I  in  Duggas  River  ligg; 
Nor  let  my  body  by  old  Chamock  lye, 
But  by  Will.  Caddy,  for  he'll  lye  quietly. 
And  when  I'm  bury'd  then  my  friends  may  drink, 
But  each  man  pay  for  himself,  that's  best  I  think. 
This  is  my  Will,  and  this  I  know  will  be 
Perform' d  by  them  as  they  have  promised  me. 
"  Sign'd,  Sealed,  Publish'd,  and  Declared  Th«  Skeltok, 

in  the  presence  of  X   his  Mark. 

Henry  Rawling, 

Henry  Tkoughton, 

Ths  Turner." 

The  Luck  of  Muncaster,  yA\\c\i  has  been  pre- 
served here  for  several  centuries,  is  "  an  ancient 
glass  vessel  of  the  basin  kind,  about  seven  inches 
in  diameter,  ornamented  with  some  white  enam- 
elled mouldings."  According  to  family  tradition. 
Sir  John  Pennington,  who  hved  in  the  reign  of 


PARISH   OF   MUNCASTER.  217 

Henry  VI.  entertained  that  unhappy  and  thrice- 
deposed  monarch,  at  his  mansion,  whither  he 
had  fled  from  his  enemies ;  and  on  his  leaving 
Muncaster  (A.D.  IIGI)  he  presented  his  host 
with  this  vessel,  "  to  the  preservation  of  which  a 
considerable  degree  of  superstition  has  attach- 
ed."* 

The  castle  contains  a  large  number  of  pictures 
and  family  portraits  ;  among  which  we  noticed 
the  following. 

In  the  Drawing  Room. 

John,  first  Lord  iluncaster,  a  full  length,  with  other 
portraits  in  the  same  picture. 

In  the  Dining  Room. 

Sir  William  Pennington,  first  baronet,  oh.  1730. 

Sir  Joseph  Pennington,  fourth  baronet,  father  of  the  first 
Lord  Muncaster,  oh.  1773. 

Sir  Joseph  Pennington,  second  baronet,  oh.  1744. 

John,  first  Lord  Muncaster. 

The  Hon.  Margaret  Lady  Pennington,  sister  of  Henry, 
Lord  Viscount  Lonsdale. 

On  the  Grand  Stair-Case. 

A  large  painting  representing  "  King  Henry  the  Sixth 
giving  to  Sir  John  Pennington,  on  his  leaving  his  castle,  M61, 
Tlie  Luck  of  Muncaster." 

Another,  Caxton  presenting  the  first  book  printed  in 
England  to  Edward  IV. 

In  the  Library. 

Sir  John  Pennington,  Lord  High  Admiral. 
Sir  William  Pennington,  first  baronet,  ob.  1730. 
Sir  James  Lowtiicr,  Bart.,  son  of   Sir  John  Lowther,  of 
Whitehaven,  Hart.,  oh.  1755. 

John,  first  Lord  Viscount  Lonsdale,  born  1655. 
Sir  John  Lowther,  of  Whitehaven,  Bart, 
William  Pennington,  Esq.,  ob.  1652. 

•  A  similar  relic  is  preserved  at  the  scat  of  Sir  George  MusgraTc, 
Bart.,  well  known  as  Me  Luck  of  Edenhall,  sec  vol.  i.  Leatb  Ward,  pp. 
406-411. 


218        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

Sir  Joseph  Pennington,  fourth  Baronet. 
Richard,  Viscount  Lonsdale,  ob.  1713. 
James,  Earl  of  Balcarres. 
Thomas,  Lord  Coventry. 

In  another  Boom. 

Henry  VL  with  tJie  Luck  of  Muncaster  in  his  hand ;  date 
1461. 

Dame  Askew,  wife  of  Sir  William  Pennington,  knight, 
"A.  Dm.,  1571." 

Henry,  Lord  Viscount  Lonsdale,  oh.  1751. 

The  Manor  of  Birkby. 

This  manor  is  on  the  south  side  of  the  Esk  :  it 
has  long  been  the  property  of  the  Stanley  family, 
and  is  now  held  by  Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  M.P., 
of  Ponsonby  Hall. 

The  rolls  of  the  manor  contain  the  following 
rigorous  orders  : — "  Item,  we  do  order  and  put  in 
pain,  that  every  the  inhabitants,  within  the  manor 
of  Birkby,  who  shall  hereafter  take,  or  catch,  kill, 
or  come  by  any  wild  fowl  whatsoever,  shall  not 
sell  them  to  any  foreigner  or  stranger,  but  shall 
bring  them  to  the  lord,  or  his  bailiff,  for  the  time 
being,  at  the  prices  and  rates  hereafter  specified, 
viz.  for  every  mallard,  id. — Duck,  3d. — Every 
long  mallard  or  widgeon,  2d.- — Woodcock  or 
partridge.  If/. — Feelfaws,  throstles,  ousles,  each 
four  for  U/.— Every  curlew,  3f/. — For  two  seals, 
\d. — Plover,  \d. — Lapwings,  one  halfpenny;  un- 
der pain  and  forfeiture  of  3s.  4rf.  for  every  fowl, 
otherwise  sold,  as  formerly  accustomed." 

The  Church. 

The  church  of  Muncaster  was  appropriated  to 
the  priory  of  Conishead,  by  Gamel  de  Penning- 


PARISH   OF    MUNC ASTER.  219 

ton,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.,  which  appropria- 
tion  was   confirmed   by    Edward  II.     On   the 
dissolution  of  rehgious  houses,  it  was  granted 
back  to  that  family,  who  have  since   retained 
possession  of  the  advowson.     The  value  of  the 
benefice  was  "  returned  at  1 0/. ;"  we  suppose  to 
the   governors   of  Queen   Ann's  bounty ;    from 
w'hich  source  it  received  in  1723,  an  augmenta- 
tion   of  200/.  by  lot.     Lord  Aluncaster  is  the 
patron  of  the  church  ;  the  Rev.  Joseph  Stanley, 
rector  of  Wabcrth  waite,  is  the  present  incumbent ; 
and  the  Rev.  Joseph  Taylor,  13. A.,  is  his  assistant- 
curate.     The  benefice  was  returned  to  the  com- 
missioners for  enquiring  concerning  Ecclesiastical 
Revenues,  as  of  the  average  annual  value  of  97/. 
The  living  is  not  entered  in  the  Valor  Ecclesias- 
ticiis   of  Henry  VHI.,  excepting   an   incidental 
notice  in  a  list  of  the  possessions  of  the  priory 
of  Conishead,  where  the  church  of  JMuncaster 
occurs  as  follows  : — 

Decim'  ccclie.  de  Molcastrc  viz.  granos.  x//«.  ^ 

lini  &  feni  iiij//.  Ian'  &  agn'  1*-.  vitul  porccll'/  £      s.     d, 
auc'  et  gallin'  iijs'.  i'l'iyl.  oblac'  tribz  dicbzSviij  viij  viij 
prencipal'  viijs.  viijrf.  in  oblac'  k  alijs  x/wjs.  t 
ut  in  libro  paschal'  xxvjs.  viijcZ.     In  tot'        J 

The  church  of  Muncaster  is  an  ancient  edifice, 
dedicated  to  St.  Michael,  standing  near  the  centre 
of  the  parish.  It  is  in  tliepark,  closely  adjoining 
the  castle;  and  being  entirely  surrounded  by  trees, 
it  has  a  picturesque  and  peculiarly  interesting 
appearance.  Nor  does  this  impression,  produced 
at  first  sight,  vanish  on  a  closer  inspection.  The 
venerable  windows  and  ivy-clad  walls  of  the  sacred 
edifice  harmonize  well  with  the  solemn  solitude  of 


220        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

the  place,  and  dispose  the  mind  to  reverential  fear 
while  treading  the  green  sod  where 

"  The  rude  forefathers  of  the  hamlet  sleep  ;" — 

where  the  last  solemn  rites  of  the  Christian  church 
are  performed  alike  over  peer  and  peasant,  the 
lordly  possessor  of  the  adjoining  castle,  or  the 
humble  and  unknown  inhabitant  of  a  cottage ; 
and  wliere  they  both  repose  in  the  silence  of  the 
grave.      This  church,  "in  the  stillness  of  the 
country,  is  a  visible  centre  of  a  community  of  the 
hving  and  the  dead ;  a  point  to  which  are  habitu- 
ally referred  the  nearest  concerns  of  both."* 
<i  *     #     *     «     jj,gy  ne'er 
That  true  succession  fail  of  English  Hearts, 
That  can  perceive,  not  less  than  heretofore 
Our  Ancestors  did  feelingly  perceive, 
"What  in  those  holy  Structures  ye  possess 
Of  ornamental  interest,  and  the  charm 
Of  pious  sentiment  difl'used  afar, 
And  human  charity,  and  social  love."f 

This  church,  although  greatly  superior  in  its 
external  appearance  to  many  others  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, presents  in  its  plan  the  same  simple 
details  of  a  nave  and  chancel,  with  a  bell-turret 
at  its  western  end  carrying  two  bells.  The 
masonry  is  good  and  remains  free  from  those 
coats  of  plaster  and  whitewash  with  which  the 
indiscreet  zeal  of  many  churchwardens  for  "beau- 
tifying" our  churches  has  spoiled  so  many  of  those 
edifices.^      A  south  porch  has  been  converted 

•  Wordsworth.  f  Ibid. 

X  The  Cimbridge  Camden  Society  has  recently  published  a  small 
pamphlet  entitled  "  A  Few  Words  to  Churchwardens  on  Churches  and 
Church  Ornaments,"  price  2d. ;  which  may  be  very  advantageously  con- 
sulted by  autlioiitics  superintending  the  repairs  or  alterations  of  churches. 


I  p« , 


i    J 


M^f  * 


V  > 


'*  n 


^.  '\ 


*^V-'f 


i 


Jll 


i   ^ 


J<>->?^-:. 


>•*.•  M 


PARISH    OF    MUNCASTER. 


221 


into  the  vestry ;  its  gable  bears  what  appears  to 
have  been  the  pedestal  of  a  cross.  The  south 
front  and  east  end  are  covered  with  ivy.  The 
stone  used  in  the  walls  is  unusually  hard,  and 
supposed  to  have  been  brought  from  a  distance, 
as -we  were  informed  there  is  no  quarry  in  the 
neighbourhood  whence  it  can  have  been  procured. 
The  principal  entrance  is  from  the  west,  be- 
neath a  window  of  three  lights  with  cinque-foiled 
heads  under  a  circular  arch.  On  the  apex  of  the 
gable  at  the  east  end  of  the  nave  is  a  small  tur- 
ret, which,  if  not  originally  intended  as  an  orna- 
mental appendage  to  the  roof,  may  have  been 
built  for  the  Sancte-bell  or  Mass-bell.*  The 
]-a-apets  of  the  nave  and  chancel  are  battlement- 
ed.  The  walls  of  the  nave  are  hung  with  boards 
inscribed  with  texts  of  Scripture.f      Over  the 

•  Variously  termed  Sancte-bell,  Sacring-bell,  Mass-bell,  Saints'-bell, 
Sauncc,  Sac-ringe ;  it  was  rung  "  when  the  priest  came  to  those  words  of 
the  mass  '  Sancte,  Sanctc,  Sancte,  Deus  Sabaotli,'  that  all  persons  who 
were  absent  might  full  on  their  knees  iu  reverence  of  the  holy  oflicc  which 
was  then  going  on  in  the  church." 

"These  small  turrets  frequently  remain,  and  are  generally  very  elegant 
and  ornamental,  but  it  is  rare  to  find  the  bell  still  remaining  in  its  origi- 
nal position  ;  this  is  however  the  case  at  Long  Compton,  Warwickshire, 
and  in  the  same  neighbourhood,  at  Halford,  Whiekford,  Sutton,  and 
Brailes ;  but  in  the  two  latter  instances  the  bell-frame  is  a  modern  wooden 
erection,  though  in  its  original  fosition  :  in  all  these  cases  the  bell-rope 
hongs  down  just  within  the  entrance  of  the  chancel,  and  is  fastened  on 
one  side  of  the  chancel  arch :  the  beU  is  still  in  use,  though  for  a  some- 
what  different  purpose,  being  used  as  the  little  hell  to  announce  the  arrival 
of  the  clergyman.  The  bell-frame  very  frequently  remains  in  its  original 
position  on  the  apex  of  the  eastern  gable  of  the  nave,  which  is  usually 
somewhat  higher  than  the  chancel." 

t  The  introduction  of  such  inscriptions  is  of  great  antiquity.  Few, 
however,  now  remain  that  have  not  been  placed  in  our  churches  since 
the  practice  was  enjoined  by  the  eighly-second  canon. 

2    F 


222        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

western  door  is  a  gallery  containing  an  organ. 
The  nave  is  lighted  by  square-headed  windows 
of  two  lights.  The  north  door  is  walled  up. 
The  pulpit  and  reading-desk  are  placed  under 
the  chancel  arch,  on  the  south  side,  leaving  the 
whole  interior  exposed  to  view. 

The  walls  of  the  chancel  are  nearly  covered 
by  monuments  to  the  family  of  the  Penningtons, 
ancestors  of  the  present  Lord  Muncaster  :  many 
of  which  were  placed  here  by  John,  first  Lord 
Muncaster.  The  chancel  is  lighted  by  an  east 
window,  and  three  on  the  south  side,  of  two  round 
headed  lights  each,  under  square  dripstones. 
The  east  window  is  the  largest  in  the  church  :  it 
is  a  perpendicular  one,  of  three  lights,  with  a 
battlemented  transom,  under  a  circular  head, 
with  a  dripstone  terminating  in  two  shields,  one 
of  which  is  charged  with  the  arms  of  the  Penning- 
tons, the  other, The  north  door  is  a 

lancet  arch,  under  a  very  bold  dripstone  ;  that 
on  the  south  side  is  walled  up.  There  is  a  small 
painting  over  the  altar.  Lord  INIuncaster's  pew 
is  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel. 

The  following  inscriptions  (with  four  others 
illegible)  to  the  memory  of  the  ancestors  of 
Lord  INIuncaster,  are  in  the  church. 

A  brass  plate  bears  the  following  inscrip- 
tion— 

In  mnnorj)  of 

ffOill.  Br  IDciicton  son  of  S'lr  .flofin  ie  IDrnjiton 

Bon  of  sjjr  ifiiUillm.  f)E  tortHrti  tPIiiabtllj  liausfitrr 

of  Cfiog.  fir  /tlulton  fir  «?grrmont ; 

f)c  toas  firirrfi  bn  Ijis  sonnr  Sir  aian  fir  prnston 

to?)o  torfifirfi  Hatljai  hir  fir  prrston 

1390. 


PARISH   OF   MUNCASTER.  223 

Another  is  thus  inscribed — 

^Orai)  fcr  t&r  souls  of 

ggr  jrailliam  Vprninston  luiigm  antr 

jf  ranrrs  Ipagvaiic  Ijto  toifc  ii83l)f= 

fctnnri)  toomaii  unto  CTIjarlts  tsnU  of  *uffoI6e 

lo33. 

On  another — 

In  memory  of  WILLIAM  PENYNGTON  Arm" 

.,hosc  first  wife  «as  Joan  Wharton  daughter  of  Thos.  Lord  Wharton 

His  second  wife  was  dame  Bridget  Askew 

Daughter  of  Sir  John  Huddlestone 

By  whom  he  had  3  sons  Joseph  John  and  Will'" 

Will'"  Pcnyngton  and  all  his  tried  Horsemen  were  called  out 

upon  service  of  the  Borders  1543. 

yuorum  animabus  propitietur  Deus. 

Amen. 

A  square  freestone  bears  this  inscription— 

l^ctc  UctI)  cntombca 

SYIS.  35©15'N  ■^9in<ri!)"S'ffi?iffiift  sont  of  Jolin  I'Jtnimgtonc 

ana  lasbcll  Boghtct  of  jloh'n  13tougInon,  ernnBdnlB  of  ijc  5ut  Soljn 

toho  vcsscbtti  holiK  Hinge  l^irnic  at  {Woltastrc 

V>t  tocMcU  tiamc  j'anc  iO«Ic  aicWotoc  of  ivx  Robert  &g.U 

t,t  was  a  btaubc  CTapitcn  anD  toill)  tl)c  TEiU  Survic  vclicbcB  ilotbam  CastcU 

XW.  Bcrcs  aftnt  I)c  sioutclic  IjcaBctl  I)i9  soulBltts  at  floOTcn  ficltJ 

■DicD  itnoxriiDi. 

I)is  (((  sonts  toctc  :<'oI)n,  ^lan,  antJ  ?BilUam. 
■5£rti)  t'outi)  upon  tartl)  as  molB  upon  molt) 
TEnl)  ijouil)  upon  TrattI)  a?  glnsuving  in  golB 
•as  tljogi)  ctil)  to  cttl)  net  tiun  siiolB 
•anD  Btt  must  ctti)  to  crti)  sooner  tijan  Ijc  molt). 

On  another — 

To  the  memory  of  JOSEPH  PENINGTON  AnM» 

son  of  William  and  Katharine  Pcnington. 

He  married  Margaret  Fleetwood, 

leaTing  one  son  William  an  Infant, 

died  1G58. 

2  F  2 


224         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

On  a  freestone  slab — 

Here  Ueth  the  remains  of  JOSEPH  PENINGTON,  Esq. 

and  DAME  ISABELL  SAVILL 

He  was  a  benefactor  to  this  Parish  leaving  by  will  a  sum 

of  money  to  remane  continue  and  be 

as  a  Stocke  for  releifc  of  the  poore  of  the  Parish 

to  be  bestowed  and  employed  in  maner  and  forme  following, 

that  is  to  say,  my  will  and  mind  is  that  the  same  be  bestowed 

in  loaves  of  Bread  to  be  weeklie  dealt, 

twelve  loaves  every  Sundaie  throughout 

the  whole  yeare  to  the  poore  of  the  said  parish. 

He  bequeathed  the  like  to  the  Parish  of  Drigg. 

To  him  King  James  granted  the  Church  of  Muncaster.  died  1641. 

Vivit  post  funera  virtus. 

On  a  freestone  slab — 

To  the  memory  of 

WILLIAM  PENNINGTON  Esqb 

Eldest  son  of  Joseph  Pennington  Esqr 

and  Dame  Isabell  Savill 

He  married  Katharine  Sherboume 

He  left  4  sons 

Joseph  Alan  Richard  and  Willm 

■-ind  4  daughters  Isabell  Katharine  Elizabeth  and  Bridget. 

died  about  1652. 

On  another — 

«9f  iintirr  Cljcrttirprrnc  far  tijr  iSolnl  al 

^nr  3o!)n  ^r  i^rniiiigtoii  Saiiiir  of  gm-  'Jllnii  tst  \i3cmn\^tan  tuljo 

l)aBiic  to  ittufc  eiij.ibctij  tiDlutrr  of  ;§'iir  ^'iitl^alSlir  lUOcIiffr 

jjc  acftucntiuatcr  a  toomnii  of  noble  fataBc  yiS  J-itr^ioljii 

rfSSclicli  l)Dlir  iliniigc  ^ynrrnr  tuljycljr  tu.TiS  tornvii  nr  ^g'iftl)  at 

i^olraStic  1  KU  iumgr?i!arrnr  jjabr  ^ir  Siufjn  a  br.iiibr  tuorhiiU 

•Sln^iSc  (Cuppr,  tuitlj  I;iS  HoJj  brforr  yat  tuOnlliiS  il)r 

famnlir  s'ljollJ ftrrj)  Ijit  iiiifairrltni  tljrisbofii  girtrlnctljrif 

luljntljc  Ciippc  is  liallrli  i\)C  luflir  of  ittalras'trr 

fit  teas'  a  arctc  Gaptaiii  onli  Ijctlrli  tijr  Ir(t  luiiigc  of  tljr  armir 

aaannr  tl)c  ^tattiCiS ;   VuIjnUri  Gilr  of  ilattljumbrrlantt  btliflt 

tl)f  maniir  boBir. 


PARISH   OF   MUNCASTER. 


225 


Another  is  thus  inscribed — 

To  tie  memory  of 

SYR  JOHN  PENYNGTON  Kt. 

second  son  of  WUliam  PenjTigton  Arm' 

One  of  the  Gentlemen  in  ordinary  of  liis  Majesty's 

privy  chamber  Governor  and  Captain  of  Sando\vn  Castle 

in  Kent  and  vice  Admiral  of  his  Majesty's  fleet  to  maintain  the 

sovereignty  of  the  British  seas 

Sir  John  Penington  was  a  man  of  great  courage  openness 

and  generosity  and  what  heightened  every  one  of  hU 

virtues  of  uncommon  piety  he  was  appointed  by  the 

King  1642  Lord  High  Admiral 

The  parliament  strongly  invited  him  to  enter  into  their  service 

but  he  never  could  be  prevailed  upon 

to  serve  against  the  king 

Ob  Sepr  1616. 

A  marble  tablet  is  thus  inscribed— 

Near  this  place 

lieth  the  body  of 

CAPTAIN  PHILIP  PENNINGTON 

younger  son  of 

S'  William  Pennington  Baron 

of  Muncaster  1731. 

On  another — 

Here  lies  interred  the  body  of  the  most  worthy  friend  and  patriot 

SIR  JOSEPH  PENNINGTON  Bakt  ol  Muncaster 

who  died  much  lamented  1743  the  67  of  hU  age 

Member  in  Parliament 

For  the  County  of  Cumbcriand 

He  married  the  Honourable  Margaret  Lowther 

Sister  to  the  right  Honourable 

The  Lord  Viscount  Lonsdale. 

On  another — 

Near  this  place 

are  deposited  the  bodys  of 

SYR  WILLIAM  PENNINGTON  Baronet 

and  DAME  ISABELL  his  wife 

to  whose  memory  this  is  inscribed 

by  their  dutiful  eldest  son  I.  P.  )"31. 


226        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

On  a  freestone  slab — 

Here  lieth  the  body  of  ELIZABETH  STAPLETON  wife  to  John 
Stapletou  of  Wartor  Esqr.  Daughter  to  Sir  Wilfrid  Lawson  of  Isi-U 
wlio  departed  this  life  the  fiftoeuth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  out 
Lord  God  1677. 

On  a  marble  slab — 

In  memory  of 

SYR  JOHN  PENNINGTON  Bart. 

who  succeeded  his  Father  Syr  Joseph  Pennington  Bart. 

as  member  for  the  County  of  Cumberland  1744 

He  represented  the  said  County  in  the  3  successive  parliaments 

He  was  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Gustos  Rotulorum  of 

the  county  of  Westmoreland 

died  17G8. 

On  another — 

GAMEL  DE  PENNINGTON 

Son  of  John  Lord  Muncaster  and  Penelope 

his  wife 

Born  1st  July  1780 

Departed  this  life  9  Feby.  1788. 
Yes  thou  art  fled,  and  Saints  a  welcome  sing 
Thine  infant  spirit  soars  on  Angel  wing 
Our  dark  aifection  led  to  hope  thy  stay 
The  voice  of  God  has  called  his  child  away 
Like  Samuel  early  in  the  temple  found 
Sweet  rose  of  Sharon  plant  of  holy  ground 
Aye,  and  as  Samuel  blest  to  thee  tis  given 
The  God  ho  scrv'cd  on  earth  to  serve  in  Heaven. 

On  a  marble  tablet — 

Near  the  Altar 

PENELOPE 

The  dearly  beloved  daughter  of  John 

and  his  incomparable  wife 

Penelope  ' 

April  23,  1811 

A  marble  tablet  bears  this  inscription  to  the 
memory  of  the  lady  of  the  first  Lord  Muncaster, 
who  lost  her  life  by  an  accidental  fall : — 


PARISH   OF   MUNCASTER.  227 

Johannes  Conjugi  Incomparabili 

To  the  memory  of 

PENELOPE 

One  of  the  very  best  of  Wives 

One  of  the  very  best  of  Mothers 

One  of  the  very  best  of  Women 

Who  met  her  melancholy  fate 

in  the  house  of 

One  of  the  very  best  of  Friends 

at  Copgrovc  near  Kuaresboro'  Yorkshire 

Where  she  departed  this  life 

Upon  the  15  of  November  1806 

Aged  62 

Expressing 

Her  fullest  hope  of  a  blessed  Resurrection. 

On  another — 

In  memory  of 

SIR  JOHN  PENNINGTON  BARt    LORD  MUNCASTEB 

In  whose  Character  were  eminently  distinguished 

The  virtues  of  a  Christian, 

Patriot,  Husband,  Father,  Friend, 

He  lived  the  life  of  the  righteous 

and  now  that  time  hath  led  him  to  liis  end 

Goodness  and  He  fill  up  one  monument 

He  died  Member  for  the  County  of  Westmoreland 

on  the  8th  day  of  OcU  1813  aged  76. 

The  following  inscription,  on  a  marble  tablet, 
is  the  only  one  in  the  nave  : — 

Memento  mori 

THE  REV.  THOMAS  POOLE 

of 

Cropplchow  in  this  Parish  died 

July  31.  17G6  aged  73  yeara 

MARY  POOLE  his  wife  died  June  9.  1760  aged  63  years. 

JOHN  POOLE  EsQR  their  son 

died  on  Sunday  December  22—1805 

aged  67  years 

Sic  transeunt 

mortalcs. 


228         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  church-yard,  is  an 
ancient  cross,*  four  feet  nine  inches  high,  and 
ornamented  with  guilloches.  Near  it  arc  two 
venerable  yew-trees  which  have  survived  the 
storms  of  several  hundred  winters. 

Pennington,  Lord  Muncaster. 

Arms : — Or,  five  fusils  in  fess  azure. 

Crest : — On  a  wreath,  a  cat-a-mountaiu,  passant  guardant, 
proper. 

Supporters : — On  the  dexter  side,  a  lion  guardant,  proper, 
chaged  on  the  breast  with  an  oak  branch,  vert ;  and  on  the 
sinister  side,  a  horse  reguardant,  proper,  bridled,  or. 

Motto : — Amor  eincit  patricv. 

This  ancient  family  took  their  name  from  Pennington,  in 
Furness,  Lancashire,  where  they  resided  until  about  the  year 
1242,  and  where  "there  is  still  visible  the  foundation  of  a 
square  building,  called  the  Castle,  near  the  centre  of  the 
vill. . . .  Here  the  family  of  Pennington  resided  before  the 
Conquest. "f 

"  The  first  ancestor  of  this  family,  that  occurs  after  the 
Conquest,  is  Gamel  de  Pennington,  aperson  ofgroat  note  and 
property.']:  From  him  descended  another  Gamel,  who  had 
two  sons,  Meldred  and  Gamel.  In  the  reign  of  King  John, 
Jocelin  de  Pennington,  of  this  family  was  abbot  of  Furness  : 
he  was  eminent  for  learning,  and  obtained  from  the  pope 
some  special  privileges  for  his  abbey.  "The  next  that 
occurs  is  Benedict^  de  Pennington  :  he  was  father  of  another 
Gamel,  and  gave  the  church  of  Molcastre  (jMuncasterj  and 
the  chapel  of  Aldeburg  to  the  hospital  of  Conishead.  The 
same  Benedict||  and  Meldred,  his  brother,  with  consent  of 
their  heirs,  gave  to  the  abbey  of  Furness,  Skeldon  Moor. 
Alan,  son  of  Alan  do  Pennington,  gave  to  the  hospital  of 
Conishead,  after  it  was  erected  into  a  priory,  an  acre  of  land 
in  Overton  (Orton)  in  Westmorland ;  and  after  that,  Gamel 
de  Pennington  gave  to  the  priory  of  Conishead,  the  church 
of  Pennington,  with  appurtenances  ;  and  confirmed  the  grant 

*  Engraved  in  Lysons's  Magna  Britannia. 

t  West's  Furness.  J  Ibid.  {  Monast.  Ang. 

II  Dodsworth's  MS. 


PARISH   OF   MUNC ASTER.  229 

of  the  church  of  Muncnstcr  from  Benedict  de  Pennington; 
and  also  gave  the  church  of  AVhilbcck  and  Skeroveiton, 
(Orton)  and  Pulton  to  the  said  priory.  These  benefactors 
flourished  between  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  king  Henry 
III.  and  the  first  of  king  Edward  111.  The  hospital  of  Con- 
ishead  was  founded  by  the  thiid  AViiliam  de  Lancaster, 
eighth  baron  of  Kendal,  in  the  reign  of  king  Henry  HI. 
and  the  foundation  was  coiifirnicd  by  king  Edward  II.  which 
sufficiently  proves  the  time  of  their  occurrence. 

"  Alan*  de  Pennington,  knt.  is  witness  to  the  grant  of  five 
hides  of  land  from  Elizabeth,  late  wife  of  Sir  Kichard  le 
Fleming,  to  the  abbey  of  Furncss,  A.  D.  1'254. 

"Alanf  de  Pennington,  knt.  had  a  dispute  with  the  monks 
of  Furness,  about  land  which  laid  to  the  high  road  that  leads 
from  Pennington  to  Kirkby  Ircloth,  in  the  reign  of  king 
Henry  111.  A.  T).  1278,  Sir  Alan^:  de  Peiniingtnn  is  witness 
to  a  grant  from  Gilbert  de  Bardesoy  to  the  Monks.  33  Hen. 
III.  Agnes,  daughter  of  Sir  John  de  . .  • .,  late  wife  of  T.  de 
Pennington,  came  to  an  agreement  with  the  abbot  of  Furness 
concerning  some  land  in  dispute.  The  same  Agnes, §  A.  D. 
1254,  released  to  the  abbot  of  Furness  the  marriage  of  her 
children,  by  T.  Pennington,  son  and  heir  of  Alan  de  Pen- 
nington. Hence  it  appears,  that  T.  de  Pennington  died  before 
his  father;  and  the  Alan,  who  occurs  in  the  reign  of  Edw.  I. 
was  the  son  of  Thomas,  and  succeeded  his  grandfather  Sir 
Alan. 

"  Williamll  de  Pennington,  A.D.  131 8,  made  an  agreement 
with  the  abbut  of  Furncss  for  the  suit  and  service  of  hia 
manor  of  Pennington." 

This  pedigree,  as  given  by  West,  differs  from  that  in 
Nicolson  and  Hurn  :   they  give  it  as  follows: — 

Gamcl  de  Pennington,  temp.  Henry  II.  gave  the  churches 
of  Mulcastcr,  Penington,  AVhiibcck,  and  of  Orton  in  West- 
morland, to  the  priory  of  Conishoad;  which  grant  was  con- 
firmed by  Edward  11.  in  the  12tliyearof  his  reign.  Ilisson, 
Benedict,  had  several  children.  Alan,  son  of  Alan,  son  of 
Benedict,  granted  lands  at  Orton  aforesaid  to  his  uncle 
Simon,  son  of  the  said  Benedict:  but  according  to'their 
family  pedigree,  (after  the  death  of  an  elder  son  Robert,) 
he  was  succeeded  by  his  son  David,  father  of  John,  father  of 
Alan,  to  whom  Richard  Lucy,  as  is  hereafter  mentioned,  in 
the  reign  of  King  John,   granted   the   fee   ol   Ravcnglass. 

•  Dodswortli's  MS.      t  Ibi'l-       ♦  H^id-      §  ^^'^^-      11  ^'''<1- 
2    G 


230        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Thomas,  son  of  Alan  ;  Alan,  son  of  Thomas;  John,  son  of 
Alan,  of  whom  mention  is  made  in  the  21st  Edward  I. 
William,  son  of  John.     Thus  far  Nicolson  and  Burn.* 

Of  this  family  was  Sir  John  Pennington,  knight,  soa  of 
Sir  Alan,  who  was  steadily  attached  to  the  unfortunate 
monarch,  Henry  VI.,  whom  he  had  the  honor  of  entertaining 
at  Muncaster  castle,  in  his  flight  from  the  Yorkists. f  In 
acknowledgement  of  the  protection  ho  had  received,  the 
king  presented  his  host  with  a  curious  glass  cup  (which  is 
still  preserved  at  the  castle,  see  page  216)  with  a  prayer  that 
the  family  should  ever  prosper,  and  never  want  a  male  heir, 
so  long  as  they  preserved  it  unbroken  :  hence  the  cup  was 
cdWeA '■'■  the  luck  of  Muncaster."  Sir  John  is  said  to  have 
been  a  distinguished  military  character,  and  to  have  com- 
manded the  left  wing  of  the  English  army  in  an  expedition 
against  Scotland.]: 

•  The  pedigrees  of  this  family  do  not  agree  in  the  earlier  part ;  noi  do 
the  monumental  inscriptions  in  the  church,  many  of  which  were  erected 
by  the  first  Lord  Muncaster,  correspond  with  any  account  of  ihe  family 
which  I  have  met  with.  I  have  therefore  preferred  giving  an  incomplete 
rather  than  an  inaccurate  pedigree.  The  monumental  inscriptions  to  this 
family  are  given  in  a  preceding  part  of  this  volume,  pages  222  to  227. 

t  This  event  is  supposed  to  have  taken  place  in  1461 :  and  that  date  is 
assigned  to  it  in  a  picture  at  Mimcaster  castle,  as  also  on  the  monument 
erected  to  the  memory  of  Sir  John  Pennington,  in  the  chancel  of  the 
church  of  Muncaster.  That  monument,  however,  has  been  recently 
erected.  It  is  a  well-kno'mi  fact  that  after  the  battle  of  Towton,  which 
was  fought  on  Palm  Sunday,  29th  March,  1401,  terminating  in  favor  of 
the  Yorkists,  Henry  VI.  took  flight  into  Scotland.  We  have  no  evidence 
that  he  was  then  received  here,  neither  on  his  journey  northward,  nor  on 
his  return.  It  appears  to  be  equally  probable  that  Henry  was  hereafter 
the  battle  of  Hexham,  14th  May,  1 1G3,  when  his  troops  sustained  another 
defeat,  and  "  Henry  owed  his  safety  to  Ihe  swiftness  of  his  steed." 
Hume  says,  "  some  of  his  friends  took  him  under  their  protection,  and 
conveyed  him  into  Lancashire ;  where  he  remained  concealed  during  a 
twelvemonth."  This  unfortunate  monarch  was  also  concealed  for  some 
time  at  Bolton-hall,  in  Yorkshire,  see  Gent.  Mag.  May  and  June,  1841. 

J  His  grandson,  Sir  John  Pennington,  was  in  the  battle  of  Flodden- 
field,  (see  p.  22.3 ;)  another  descendant  of  Ihe  same  name,  was  admiral 
to  King  Charles  I.,  and  much  trusted  by  that  monarch  in  naval  affairs. 


PARISH   OF   MUNCASTER.  231 

John  Pennington,  Esq.  his  son,  married  Mary,  daugh- 
ter of  Sir  John  iludleston ;  on  which  marruige  in  the  2^'^ 
Edward  IV.  the  estate  was  solllcd  upon  the  issue  male.  And 
he  having  only  a  daughter  Isabel,  married  to  Thomas  Dykes, 
of  WartlKilc,  Esquire,  the  estate  came  to  the  second  brother, 

William  Pennington,  Esq.,  who  was  succeeded  by 

Joseph  Pennington,  Esq.,  son  and  heir. 

Sir  William  Pennington,  knight,  son  and  heir,  mar- 
ried Isabel,  daughter  of  John  Fanington,  of  Warden,  m 
Lancashire,  Esq.,  «ilh  whom  he  had  tiie  manor  of  Earnng- 
ton  On  an  inquisition  of  knighls'  fees  in  Cumberland,  in 
the'Soth  Ilcnrv  VIII. ,  it  is  found  that  this  Sir  William  held 
the  manor  of  Muncaster  of  the  king  as  of  his  castle  of  Egre- 
mont,  by  the  service  of  the  sixth  part  of  one  knight's  fee, 
rendering  to  the  king  yearly  for  scawiike  12fi?.,  and  the  pu- 
ture  of  two  sericauts;  and  that  he  held  ihc  hamlet  of  Eaven- 
glass  in  like  manner,  bv  homage  and  fealty,  and  the  service 
of  the  I7ih  part  of  one  knighfs  fee,  and  puture  of  Serjeants 
as  above. 

Jo-seph  Pennington,  Esq.,  married  Margaret,  daughter 
of  John  Fleetwood,  ot  Peuwoitbam,  co.  Lancaster,  Esq.  He 
was  succeeded  by  hi.s  sou  and  heir,* 

Sir  William  Pennington,  first  Baronet,  so  created  21st 
June  28ili  Charles  II.,  1676.  lie  married  Isabel,  eldest 
daughter  of  John  Stapleton,  of  Waiter,  co.  York,  Esq.,  (son 
of  Sir  Philip  Slaploton,  knight,)  with  whom  the  manor  of 
Warter  came  to  the  Peuninglcns.  He  had  issue, 
Sir  JosijJi,  ini]  baronet. 
Philip,  died  1731,  wiihout  issue. 

Elizabeth,  mai  tied,  firstly,  John  Archer,  of  Oxcnholme, 
CO.    Weslmorliind,     Esq.;     and    secondly,    Thomas 
Strickland,  ot  Sizergh,  m  the  same  county,  Esq. 
Margaret.  ■,   j  , 

Sir  William  died  1st  July,  1730,  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
his  son. 

Sir  Joseph  Pennington,  second  Baronet,  who  married  the 

•  Among  the  gculry  of  the  county  of  Cumberland  who  were  chosen 
by  Charles  II.  to  be  invested  with  the  projected  Order  of  the  Bojal  Oak 
appears  the  uamc  of  VVilUam  Pennington,  lisq. 

2  G  2 


232        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Hon.  Margaret  Lowther,  daughter  of  John,  Viscount  Lons- 
dale.    By  her  (who  died  1738)  he  had  issue, 
John,  3rd  baronet. 
Joseph,  4th  baronet. 

Katherine,    married,    1731,    Eobert    Lowther,    Esq., 

governor  of  Barbadoes,  father  of  James,  first  Earl  of 

Lonsdale. 

Sir  Joseph  represented  the  county  of  Cumberland  in  two 

parliaments.     He  died  in  1743,  and  was  succeeded  by  his 

eldest  son. 

Sir  John  Pennington,  third  Baronet,  eldest  son  and  heir, 
was  lord-lieutenant  and  custos-rotuloruni  of  the  county  of 
Westmorland ;  and  knight  of  the  shire  for  the  county  of 
Cumberland,  in  three  parliaments.  Sir  John  died  unmarried, 
in  1768,  when  he  was  succeeded  in  the  title  and  estates  by 
his  brother, 

Sir  Joseph  Pennington,  fourth  Baronet,  married  to  Sarah, 
daughter  and  sole  heiress  of  John  Moore,  Esq.,  by  whom  he 
had  three  sons  and  three  daughters  : — 

John,  his  successor. 

Joseph. 

LoKlher,  2nd  baron. 

Jane. 


Katherine,  married  Humphrey  Brookes  Osbaldiston,'of 
Hunmanby,  co.  York,  Esq. 
He  died  in  1773,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son. 

Sir  John  Pennington,  fifih  Baronet,  who  was  created  a 
peer  of  Ireland,  21st  October,  1783,  as  Baron  Muncaster, 
with  remainder  to  his  brother,  Lowther  Pennington,  Esq. 
His  lordship  was  the  author  of  "  Historical  Sketches  of  the 
Slave  Trade,  and  its  Efiects  in  Africa,"  8vo.  1792  ;  he  nearly 
rebuilt  Muncaster  castle,  greatly  improved  the  park,  and  put 
up  a  series  of  memorials  of  his  family  in  the  chancel  of  the 
church  of  Muncaster,  (see  pages  222  to  227.)  He  repre- 
sented the  county  of  Westmorland  in  several  parliaments. 
His  lordship  married  Penelope  daughter  and  coheiress  of 
James  Compton,  Esq.,  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  Earls  of 
Northampton,  (who  died  in  1806*)  by  whom  he  had  issue, 

*  This  lady  died  in  consequence  of  a  fall  received  while  her  noble 
hosband  was  contesting  the  county  of  WesUnotland. 


PARISH   OF   MUNCASTER. 


233 


Gamel,  ?  died  young. 

Ann  Jane  Penelope,      S  °„,,     ,    „       t 

Maria-Frances-Margaret,  married,  1811,  theHon.  James 
Lindsay,  afterwards  Earl  of  Balcarres. 
His  lordship  died  at  Muncaster  castle,  8lh  October,  1813, 
and  was  buried  in  the  church  of  Muncaster.     Leaving  no 
male  issue,  the  peerage  devolved,  according  to  the  limita- 
tioD,  upon  his  brother, 

Lowther,  second  Baron  Muncaster  and  sixth  Baronet,  a 
general  officer  in  the  army,  and  colonel  of  one  of  the  royal 
veteran  battalions.  Ilis  lordship,  while  a  commoner,  married 
in  1802,  Esther,  second  daughter  of  Thomas  Barry,  Esq., 
of  Clapham,  co.  Surrey,  and  widow  of  James  Morrison,  Esq., 
by  whom  (who  died  in  1827)  he  left  at  his  decease  an  only 
son,  his  successor.  His  lordship  died  in  London,  29th  July, 
1818,  after  a  lingering  illness,  aged  73. 

Lowther-Augustus-John,    third    Baron    Muncaster    and 

seventh  Baronet,  succeeded,  while  a  minor,  to  the  title  and 

estates  on  the  death  of  his  noble  father,  the  late  lord.      His 

lordship  was  born  14th  December,  1802;    and  married  m 

1828,    Frances-Catherine,  youngest  daughter  of  Sir  John 

Ramsdon,  of  Byrom,  co.  York,  Bart.,  by^honihe  had  issue, 

Fanny  Caroline,  baptized  August  26,  1829. 

Gamcl  Augustus,  born  December  3rd,  1831. 

Joslyn  Francis  dc  Pennington,  born  December  <43th, 

1834. 
Alan  Joseph,  born  April  5lh,  1837. 
Louisa  Theodosia,  baptized  July  17th,  1838. 
His  lordship  died  in  1838,  aged  35,  and  was  succeeded  by 
his  eldest  son, 

Gamel  Augustus,  fourth  Baron  Muncaster,  and  eighth 
Baronet,  was  born  3rd  December,  1831,  and  is  consequently 
a  minor. 

MULCASTER   OF    MuNCASTER. 

The  Messrs.  Lysons  say  this  was  a  younger 
branch  of  the  Penningtons  of  this  parish.  Soma 
of  the  family  were  sheriffs  of  Cumberland  ni  the 
reigns  of  Edward  I.  and  111.  and  members  for 


234         ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Carlisle  in  the  reign  of  Richard  II.  and  in  that 
of  Queen  Elizabeth  ;  one  of  this  family  married 
a  coheiress  of  Tilliol.  Richard  Mulcaster,  a 
native  of  Carlisle,  was  the  first  master  of  Merchant- 
Taylors'  school,  and  afterwards  upper  master  of 
St.  Paul's.  Arms  : — Barry  of  six,  arg.  and  gules, 
over  all  a  bend,  azure. 

Ravexglass. 

Ravenglassis  a  small  sea-port  and  market-town, 
about  sixteen  miles  S.S.E.  from  AVhitehaven,  situ- 
ated on  a  small  creek,  into  which  flow  the  rivers 
Mite,  Esk,  and  Irt. 

Camden  says,  it  was  supposed  to  have  been 
called  anciently  Acen  glass,  or  the  blue  river,  and 
that  there  were  current  in  his  time  "many  stories 
about  King  Eveling,  who  had  a  palace  here." 
Nicolson  and  Burn  derive  the  name  from  the 
Irish  renigh  fern,  and  glass  green,  meaning  "  a 
gi-een  of  ferns." 

Ravenglass  appears  from  INIr.  Sandford's  MS. 
to  have  been  of  old  a  place  of  some  importance 
as  a  fishing-town :  that  worthy  gentleman  appears 
in  this  case  to  have  indulged  in  a  little  exaggera- 
tion.— He  says,  here  were  "some  salmons  and 
all  sorts  of  fish  in  plenty  :  but  the  greatest  plenty 
of  herrings  fresh  [it]  is  a  daintye  fish  of  a  foot 
long  ;  and  so  plenteous  a  fishing  thereof  and  in 
the  sea  betwixt  and  the  ile  of  man,  as  they  lye  in 
sholes  together  so  thike  in  the  sea  at  spawning, 
about  August,  as  a  sli'ip  cannot  pass  thoroxo :  and 
the  fishers  go  from  all  the  coast  to  catch  them." 
Mr.  John  Denton's  account  of  Ravenglass  is  as 
follows  : — "  Ravenglass,  now  a  village,  anciently 


PARISH   OF   MUNCASTER.  235 

a  green  of  ferns  (corruptly  called  of  two  Irish 
words,  Rainigh  Fernsald,  Glass  Green)  was 
anciently  another  fee  of  Egremont.  It  stands  at 
the  foot  of  Esk,  where,  by  King  John's  grant, 
made  to  Richard  Lucy,  then  Lord  of  Egremont 
(dated  the  tenth  year  of  that  king's  reign)  was 
kept  a  market  and  a  fair  yearly,  in  right  of  the 
haven  there,  by  the  lords  of  Egremont,  as  lords 
paramount :  and  tlie  same  Ricliard  Lucy,  in  the 
same  year,  confirmed  by  fine,  levied  to  the  mesne 
lords,  and  tcrr-tenants,  all  the  land  and  fee  of 
Ravenglass,  namely  to  Alan  Pennington,  William 
Fitz  Hugli,  and  Roger  Fitz  Edward,  to  hold  the 
same  of  tlie  said  William  and  his  heirs,  and  gave 
them,  moreover,  estovers,  to  make  their  fish- 
garths  in  the  river  Esk,  which  is  continued  to 
this  day ;  tlie  Penningtons  have  long  enjoyed 
the  manor,  and  other  lands  there  near  ad- 
joining." 

King  John  granted  to  Richard  de  I/Ucy,  as  lord 
paramount,  a  yearly  fair*  to  be  held  here  on  St. 
James'  day  and  a  weekly  market  every  Saturday. 
But  the  said  Richard  Lucy  the  same  year,  by  fine 
levied  to  Alan  Pennington,  confirmed  to  him  as 
mesne  lord  and  his  tenants  all  the  land  and  fee 
of  Ravenglass,  to  hold  to  him  and  his  heirs, 
with  estovers  to  make  fish  garths  in  the  river 
Esk.f 

Until  of  late  years  the  fair  was  attended  by 
some  singular  circumstances,  which  had  been 
observed  in  all  probability  from  the  period  when 

•  Bot.  Cart.  10  John,  n.  27. — Lysons.  Nicolson  and  Bum  say  Iho 
fair  was  granted  for  St.  George's  day  (April  23,)  and  the  market  for 
Friday. 

t  Nicolson  and  Burn. 


236        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

the  fair  was  granted,  Nicolson  and  Burn  say — 
"  at  present,  the  earl  of  Egremont  holds  the  fair 
of  Ravenglass  on  the  eve,  day,  and  morrow  of  St. 
James.  On  the  first  of  these  days  in  the  morn- 
ing, the  lord's  officer  at  proclaiming  the  fair,  is 
attended  by  the  Serjeants  of  the  bow  of  Egre- 
mont, with  the  insignia,  belonging  thereto  ;  and 
all  the  tenants  of  the  forest  of  Copeland  owe  a 
customary  service  to  meet  the  lord's  officer  at 
Ravenglass  to  proclaim  the  fair,  and  abide  with 
him  during  the  continuance  thereof;  and  for 
sustentation  of  their  horses,  they  have  two  swaiths 
of  grass  in  the  common  field  of  Ravenglass  in  a 
place  set  out  for  that  purpose.  On  the  third 
day  at  noon,  the  earl's  officer  discharges  the  fair 
by  proclamation ;  immediately  whereupon  the 
Penningtons  and  their  tenants  take  possession  of 
the  town,  and  have  races  and  other  divertisements 
during  the  remainder  of  the  day,"* 

Mr.  Sandford  speaks  of  it  as  "  a  grand  fair  of 
three  dayes  long  at  St.  James'  time,  for  all  sortes 
of  cattle  especially,  and  all  other  commodities 
from  Ireland,  Isle  of  Man,  and  Scotland."  Oysters 
are  found  along  the  coast,  but  they  are  not  very 
numerous.  Other  shell-fish,  such  as  mussels  and 
cockles,  are  more  plentiful,  and  many  salmon  and 
morts  are  caught  in  the  season  by  a  fisherman 
from  Scotland,  bearing  the  significant  name  of 
Walter  Scot,  who  rents  what  is  called  the  Har- 
bour-mouth fishery,  from  Major-General  Wynd- 
ham. 

The  shipping  trade  of  this  port  is  very  incon- 
siderable :  it  consists  chiefly  in  exporting  coast- 

•  Nicolson  and  Bum. 


PARISH    OF   MUN'CASTER.  237 

wise,  spars,  wooden  hoops,  corn,  flour,  oysters, 
oatmeal,  and  bacon.  It  is  expected  that  iron 
ore  from  Eskdale  and  Corney  'will  shortly  be 
shipped  here  :  the  company  have  advej'tised  for 
carting.  I'he  imports  consist  chiefly  of  coals  for 
the  ncighboinhood,  a  few  cargoes  of  foreign  gi'ain, 
and  merchant  goods.  There  is  only  one  vessel 
belonging  to  the  port — a  small  sloop,  the  Duchess 
of  Leinster.  On  the  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the 
harbour  or  creek  there  are  22  feet  of  water  in 
spring  tides,  and  12  feet  at  neap  tides. 

John,  Lord  Muncaster,  in  1796  procured  a 
charter  for  two  weekly  markets  at  Ravenglass,  on 
^^'cdncsday  and  Friday,  and  three  fairs  for  one 
day  each,  11th  March,  14th  April,  and  12th 
October.  These  are  at  present  unattended. 
Two  ancient  fairs  for  horses  and  horned  cattle 
are  still  held  ;  one  on  the  Sth  of  June,  belonging 
to  Edward  Stanley,  Esq.  M.P.  of  Ponsonby-hall ; 
the  other  on  the  5th  of  August  (the  festival  of 
St.  James,  O.S.)  to  INIajor-Gcneral  Wyndham. 
There  is  also  a  cattle-fair  on  the  6th  of  May. 
The  market  is  held  on  Friday.  The  ancient 
custom  of  ridi/iff  t  lie  fair  is  occasionally  observed 
by  the  tenants  of  Major-General  Wyndham,  on 
the  Sth  of  June.  Some  of  the  steps  of  the  mar- 
ket-cross are  yet  remaining  in  the  street. 

Charities. 

The  School. — This  school  was  founded  by 
Richard  Brookbank,  who  endowed  it  with  the 
interest  of  160/.  It  subsequently  received  an 
augmentation  from  Sir  William  Pennington. 
Both  of  these  benefactions,  however,  have  been 

2   H 


238        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

lost  ;  and  the  school  has  now  no  endowment. 
The  present  master  is  the  Rev.  Joseph  Taylor, 
B.A.,  the  assistant  curate  of  the  parish. 

There  is  a  poor  stock  of  23/.  belonging  to  this 
parish.  Many  benefactions  were  lost  on  the 
death  of  John,  Lord  Muncaster.  Twelve  penny 
loaves  were  distributed  in  the  church,  every  Sun- 
day, to  the  poor  of  the  parish,  in  pursuance  of 
the  will  of  one  of  his  ancestors,  Joseph  Penning- 
ton, Esq.  who  died  in  1641.  This  charity  is  now 
given  in  one  loaf  to  one  poor  person,  each  Sun- 
day throughout  the  year :  but  the  like  bequest 
to  the  parish  of  Drigg  has  been  discontinued. 


€t)f  ??ari0l&  of  fJfflorfeinflton. 


HE  parish  of  Workington 
contains  the  five  townships 
of  Workington,  Winscales, 
Stainl)urn,  Great  Chfton, 
and  Little  Chfton.  The 
two  latter  are  not  in  the 
Ward  of  Allerdale  above 
Dcrwent,  but  are  included 
in  the  newly-formed  Der- 
went  Ward.  This  parish 
contains  about  nine  square  miles  :  it  is  bounded 
on  the  west  by  the  Irish  Sea;  on  the  south,  by 
Harrington  ;  on  the  east,  by  the  Maron,  which 
divides  it  from  the  parishes  of  Brigham  and 
Dean,  in  Derwcnt  Ward  ;  and  on  the  north,  by 
the  Derwent,  which  divides  it  from  the  parish  of 
Cammerton  in  the  same  Ward.  The  townships 
of  Workington  and  Winscales  have  been  enclo- 
sed in  pursuance  of  an  act  of  parliament  passed  in 
1809.  Allotments  of  land  were  made  to  the 
rector,  to  John  Christian  Curwen,  Esq.,  as  lord 
of  the  manor,  and  to  the  latter  and  'J'homas 
I  larrison,  Esq.  for  a  certain  portion  of  tithes  in 
Winscales.  In  1812,  an  act  passed  to  enclose 
the  township  of  Stainburn,  and  in  1814  another 
for  enclosing  tliose  of  (ireat  and  Little  Clifton. 
Under  both  these  acts  allotments  of  land  were 
given  in  lieu  of  tithes. 

2  11  2 


240         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

The  Messrs  Lysons  state  that  of  the  inhabitants 
buried  here,  before  the  year  1816,  about  one  in 
thirteen  were  aged  from  SO  to  S9  inclusive ;  and 
about  one  in  one  hundred  and  sixteen  were  aged 
from  90  to  99  inclusive.  This  shews  a  remark- 
able contrast  to  the  returns  from  other  parishes 
in  the  county,  as  enumerated  by  them,  {Magna 
Britannia,  iv.  p.  xlvi.) ;  although  it  presents  a 
very  favourable  account  of  the  salubrity  of  this 
parish  when  compared  with  the  general  average 
proportion  of  those  who  attain  the  age  of  80,  which 
is  said  to  be  only  one  in  thirty-two  ;  and  in  Lon- 
don, one  in  forty. 

There  is  a  considerable  salmon-fishery  in  the 
Derwent,  belonging  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  which 
extends  from  Workington  harbour  to  Bassen- 
thwaite  lake.  Henry  Curwen,  Esq.,  of  Working- 
ton-hall,  has  the  draught  at  the  mouth  of  the 
harbour  and  to  the  Merchant's  Quay.  The  cause 
between  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale  and  Mr.  Curwen, 
respecting  the  right  of  fishing  in  the  Derwent, 
was  tried  at  Cadisle  assizes,  in  the  year  1807, 
and  was  finally  determined  in  favour  of  his  lord- 
ship. A  correspondent  in  Hutchinson's  Cum- 
berland gives  the  following  curious  account  of 
salmon-hunling.  "  The  salmon  hunter  is  armed 
with  a  spear  of  three  points,  barbed,  having  a 
shaft  fifteen  feet  in  length.  When  the  fish  is 
left  by  the  tide,  intercepted  by  shallows,  or  sand 
banks,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river,  or  at  any 
inlets  on  the  shore,  where  the  water  remains 
from  one  foot  to  four  feet  in  depth,  or  when  their 
passage  is  obstructed  by  nets,  they  shew  where 
they  lie  by  the  agitation  of  the  pool :  when  my 
horse  is  going  at  a  swift  trot,  or  a  moderate  gal- 


PARISH   OF   WORKINGTON.  241 

lop,  belly  deep  in  the  water,  I  make  ready  my 
spear  with  both  hands,  and  at  the  same  tune 
hold  the  bridle  :  when  1  overtake  the  salmon,   I 
let  go  one  hand,  and  with  the  other  strike  with 
the  spear,  and  seldom  miss  my  stroke,  but  kill 
mv  fish ;  then  with  a  turn  of  my  hand  I  raise 
the  salmon  to  the  surface  of  the  water,  turn  my 
horse's  head  the  readiest  way  to  shore,  and  so 
run  the  salmon  on  to  dry  land  without  dismount- 
ing.    In  the  fishery  I  am  establishing  at  Work- 
ington, in  the  proper  season,  by  different  modes, 
I  can  kill,  one  day  with  another,  one  hundred 
salmon  a  day ;  methods  of  my  own  invention  I 
intend   to   put   in   practice,  which   never   were 
practised  before  in  any  part  of  the  world ;  I  have 
tried  them,  and  they  answer,  and  when  known, 
they  may  become  a  public  good.     I  can  take  the 
fish  up  at  sea  in  ten  fathom  water.     A  man,  in  the 
ordinary  way  of  salmon  hunting,  well  mounted, 
may  kill  forty  or  fifty  in  a  day  ;  ten  salmon  is  not 
a  despicable  day's  work  for  a  man  and  a  horse. 
My  father  was  the  first  man,  I  ever  heard  of,  who 
could  kill  salmon  on  horseback." 

Camden  mentions  Workington  as  being  "famous 
for  the  salmon  fishery";  and  Mr.  Thomas  Denton, 
writing  about  1688,  says,  "the  famous  salmon 
fishing  here  (mentioned  in  Camden)  is  worth 
300/.  per  annum ;  three  hundred  of  those  great 
fishes  having  been  frequently  taken  at  a  draught." 
The  fish  have  not  been  so  plentiful  of  late  years; 
the  fishery  is  now  worth  only  about  one-third  of 
what  it  was  formerly.  . 

Good  durable  stone  for  building  is  quarried 
about  a  mile  from  the  town,  and  limestone  is 
plentiful  at  a  distance  of  two  miles.      But  tlie 


242        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

principal  mineral  is  coal,  on  which  the  prosperity 
of  the  town  has  hitherto  depended.  The  collieries 
on  the  estate  of  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale  have  not 
been  worked  for  half  a  century.  About  the  year 
1792  there  were  nine  pits  in  this  parish  belonging 
to  John  Christian  Curwen,  Esq.  M.P.,  and  five  to 
Mr.  Walker,  as  agent  to  the  trustees  of  Anthony 
Bacon,  Esq.  INI. P.  of  London.  The  daily  ship- 
ments averaged  about  150  waggons  each  day; 
two-thirds  of  which  were  shipped  by  Mr.  Curwen; 
each  waggon  containing  three  English  tons, 
charged  to  the  owner  of  the  vessel  ten  shillings 
and  sixpence.  The  pits  were  described  as  "from 
forty  to  ninety  fathoms  in  depth,  having  generally 
two  or  three  workable  bands ;  the  first,  three 
feet ;  the  second,  four  feet ;  and  the  third  from 
ten  to  eleven  feet :  the  roofs  of  the  two  former 
vary ;  that  of  the  main  coal  is  of  the  finest 
white  free-stone,  generally  twenty  yards  in  thick- 
ness." Mr.  Curwen  had  then  recently  erected 
six  steam-engines,  which  were  employed  in  wind- 
ing up  coals  and  pumping  water ;  and  the  number 
of  persons  employed  was  between   500  and  GOO. 

For  the  five  years  ending  with  1S13,  the  aver- 
age of  the  annual  exports  from  the  Workington 
collieries  belonging  to  Mr.  Curwen  was  about 
28,000  waggon-loads.  About  the  year  1S16, 
Mr.  Curwen  had  only  four  pits  in  working,  in 
which  about  400  persons  were  employed.  Ten 
years  later,  200,000  tons  were  annually  shipped 
from  the  collieries  of  Mr.  Curwen, Mr.  John  Flet- 
cher, and  Mr.  Thomas  Westray. 

In  the  year  1S37,  there  were  15,734  waggon- 
loads  (each  containing  48  cwt.)  shipped  at 
Workington  from  the  coal  mines  of  Henry  Cur- 


PARISH    OF    WORKINGTON.  243 

wen,  Esq.  In  that  year  the  workhigs  in  three 
of  the  mines  were  suspended  in  consequence  of 
an  irruption  of  the  sea.  Since  that  period  new 
borings  have  been  made. 

In  the  fields  between  ^^"orkington  and  Harring- 
ton, about  a  mile  from  tlie  former  town,  is  an 
.  ancient  roofless  building,  generally  known  as  the 
Old  Chapel,  and  called  by  mariners  Hoxv  Michael. 
Pennant  mentions  having  noticed  "  on  an  emi- 
nence near  the  sea,  a  small  tower,  called  Holme- 
Chapel,  said  to  have  been  built  as  a  watch-tower, 
to  mark  the  motions  of  the  Scots  in  their  naval 
inroads :"  but  it  is  much  more  probable  that  it 
has  been,  as  its  name  imports,  the  chantry  chapel 
which  was  granted  (with  some  land)  by  Queen 
Elizabeth,  in  the  17th  year  of  her  reign,  to  Per- 
cival  Gunson  and  John  Soukey,  and  described  as 
"  three    acres    of  land   called    Chapel   Flatt,  in 
Workington,  and  also  one  chapel,  togetiier  with 
one  acre  of  land  there."     There  is  a  tradition  that 
the  sea  formerly  flowed  round  this  building.    The 
masonry  is  rude :  the  ground  floor  is  arched  ;  and 
a  narrow  winding  staircase,  sufficient  only  for  the 
passage  of  one  person,  leads  to  the  upper  floor. 
The  windows  are  narrow  loopholes,  excepting 
two  on  the  land  side,  which  are  of  larger  dimen- 
sion, but  destitute  of  all  ornament.     'J'he  building 
is  useful  to  mariners  as  a  land-mark ;    from  its 
conspicuous  situation  on  a  high  land  near  the 
shore  it  forms  a  prominent  object  along  the  coast. 

Workington  Hall. 

Workington  Hall,  the  seat  of  Henry  Curwen, 
Esq.,  is  situated  on  the  summit  of  a  wooded 


244         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

acclivity  overlooking  the  Derwent  and  the  Irish 
Sea.  The  old  mansion,  of  which  there  are  scarcely 
any  traces,  was  castellated  pursuant  to  the  royal 
licence,  granted  by  Richard  II.  in  1379,  to  Sir 
Gilbert  de  Culwen.*  Camden  speaks  of  Work- 
ington as  "the  seat  of  the  antient  knightly  family 
of  the  Curwens,  who  derive  their  descent  from 
Gospatric  earl  of  Northumberland,  and  took  their 
surname  by  agi'eement  from  Culwen,  a  family  of 
Galloway,  whose  heir  they  married.  They  have 
a  noble  mansion  like  a  castle,  and  from  them,  if 
I  may  be  allowed  to  mention  it  without  the  im- 
putation of  vanity,  I  derive  my  descent  by  the 
mother's  side."  Mr.  Gough  adds: — "the  mansion- 
house  is  a  large  quadrangular  building,  which 
still  bears  marks  of  great  antiquity,  notwithstand- 
ing various  alterations  and  improvements,  which 
have  been  made  during  the  last  thirty  years. 
The  walls  are  so  remarkably  thick,  that  they 
•were  able,  a  few  years  since,  in  making  some  im- 
provements, to  excavate  a  passage  sufficiently 
wide  lengthways  through  one  of  the  walls,  leaving 
a  proper  thickness  on  each  side  of  the  passage, 
to  answer  every  purpose  of  strength." 

Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  landed  at  a  short  distance 
from  the  hall,  on  Sunday,  May  16,  1568,  and 
was  hospitably  entertained  here  by  Sir  Henry 
Curwen,  until  she  took  her  departure  for  Cocker- 
mouth  on  her  route  to  Carlisle.  On  the  following 
day  she  wrote  a  letter  (in  French)  to  Queen 
Elizabeth,  of  which  a  translation  is  given  in  the 
subjoined  note.f     Mr.  Gough,  in  his  additions  to 

•  Pat.  Rot.  3  Richard  II.— Lysons. 

t    MADAM,  MY  GOOD  SISTER, 

I  BELiEVB  you  are  not  ignorant,  how  long  certain  of  my  subjeets,  who 


PARISH   OF   WORKINGTON. 


245 


Camden,  says,  "  the  chamber  in  which  she  slept 

from  the  least  of  my  kingdom  I  have  raised  to  be  the  first,  have  taken 
upon  themselves  to  involve  mc  in  trouble,  and  to  do  what  it  appears  they 
had  iu  view  from  the  first.    You  know  how  they  purposed  to  seize  me 
and  the  late  King  my  husband,  from  which  attempt  it  pleased  God  to 
protect  us,  aud  to  permit  us  to  expel  them  from  the  country,  where,  at 
your  request,  I  again,  afterwards,  received  them ;  though,  on  then:  return, 
they  committed  another  crime,  that  of  holding  me  a  prisoner,  and  kUhng 
in  my  presence  a  ser^-ant  of  mine,  I  being  at  the  time  iu  a  state  of  preg- 
nancy    It  again  pleased  God,  that  I  shouldsave  myself  from  Ihcit  hands ; 
and.  as  above  said,  I  not  only  pardoned  them,  but  even  received  them 
into  favour.    They,  however,  not  yet  satUfied  with  so  many  acts  of  kind- 
ness,  have,  on  the  contrary,  in  spite  of  their  promises,  devised,  favoured, 
subscribed  to,  and  aided  in  a  crime,  for  the  purpose  of  charging  it  falsely 
upon  me,  as  I  hope  fully  to  make  you  understand.     They  have  under 
thU  pretence  arrayed  themselves  against  me,  accusing  me  of  bemg  ill 
advised,  and  pretending  a  desire  to  see  me  deUvcred  from  bad  counsels,  m 
order  to  point  out  to  me  the  things  that  required  reformation.     I,  fcelmg 
myself  innoeent.anddesiroustoavoid.hcsheddingofblood,plaeed  myself 

in  their  hands,  wishing  to  reform  what  was  ambs.  They  immediately 
seized  and  imprisoned  me.  When  I  upbraided  them  with  a  breach  of 
their  promise,  and  requested  to  be  informed  why  I  was  thus  treated,  they 
all  absented  themselves.  I  demanded  to  be  heard  in  Council,  which  was 
refused  mc.  In  short,  they  have  kept  me  without  any  servants,  except 
two  women,  a  cook,  and  a  surgeon;  and  they  have  threatened  to  kUl  me, 
if  I  did  not  sign  an  abdication  to  my  Crown,  which  the  fear  of  immediate 
death  caused  me  to  do.  as  I  have  since  proved  before  the  whole  nobUity. 
of  which  I  hoi.c  to  afford  you  evidence. 

After  this  they  again  laid  hold  of  me;  and  they  have  accused,  and 
proceeded  orainot  me  in  Parliament,  without  saying  why.  and  without 
hearing  me;  forbidding  at  the  same  time,  every  advocate  to  plead  for  me; 
and  compelling  .he  rest  to  acquiesce  in  theirunjust  usurpation  of  my  rights, 
tJiey  have  robbed  me  of  every  thing  I  had  iu  the  world;  never  permiUmg 
me  either  to  write,  or  to  speak,  in  order  that  I  might  not  contradict  their 

false  inventions.  ■  

At  last  it  pleased  God  to  deliver  me,  when  they  thought  oputtmg  me 
to  death  that  they  might  make  more  sure  of  their  power,  though  I  re- 
peatedly  oflered  to  answer  any  thing  they  had  to  say  to  me.  and  to  join 
Lm  in  the  punishment  of  those  who  should  be  gtiilty  of  any  crmio.     In 

Ji     I 


246        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

at  Workington-liall  is  still  called  the  Queen's 
chamber."     A  detail  of  the  movements  of  Queen 

short,  it  pleased  God  to  deliver  me,  to  the  great  content  of  all  my  suhjects. 
except  Murray,  Morton,  the  Humes,  Glencarne,  Mar,  and  Semple,  to 
■whom,  after  that  my  whole  nobility  was  come  from  all  parts,  I  sent  to  say, 
that  notwithstanding  their  ingratitude  and  unjust  cruelty  employed  against 
me,  I  was  willing  to  invite  them  to  return  to  their  duty,  and  to  offer  them 
security  of  their  lives  and  estates,  and  to  hold  a  Parliament  for  the  pur- 
pose of  reforming  every  thing.  I  sent  twice.  They  seized  and  imprisoned 
my  messengers,  ar-d  made  proclamation  declaring  all  those  persons  trai- 
tors who  assisted  me,  and  were  guilty  of  this  odious  crime.  I  demanded 
that  they  should  name  one  of  them,  and  that  I  would  give  him  up,  and 
begged  them  at  the  same  time  to  deliver  to  me  such  as  should  be  named 
to  them.  They  seized  upon  my  officer,  and  my  proclamation.  I  sent  to 
demand  a  safe  conduct  for  my  Lord  Boyd,  in  order  to  treat  of  an  accom- 
modation, not  wishing,  as  far  as  I  might  be  concerned,  for  any  effusion 
of  blood.  They  refused,  saying  that  those  who  had  not  been  true  to  their 
Regent,  and  to  my  son,  whom  they  denominate  King,  should  leave  me, 
and  put  themselves  at  their  disposal :  a  thing  at  which  the  whole  nobility 
was  greatly  offended. 

Seeing  therefore  that  they  were  only  a  few  individuals,  and  that  my 
nobility  were  more  attached  to  me  than  ever,  I  was  in  hope  that,  in  the 
course  of  time,  and  under  your  favour,  they  would  gi-adually  be  reduced; 
and  seeing  that  they  said  they  would  cither  retake  me,  or  all  die,  I  pro- 
ceeded toward  Dumbarton,  passing  at  the  distance  of  two  miles  from  tliem; 
my  nobility  accompanying  me,  marching  in  order  of  battle  between  them 
and  me  :  which  they  seeing,  sallied  forth,  and  came  to  cut  off  my  way 
and  take  me.  My  people  seeing  this,  and  moved  by  that  extreme  malice 
of  my  enemies,  with  a  view  to  check  their  progress,  encountered  them 
without  order,  so  that,  though  they  were  twice  theii'  number,  their  sud- 
den advance  caused  to  them  so  great  a  disadvantage  that  God  has  per- 
mitted them  to  be  discomfited,  and  several  killed  and  taken  ;  some  of 
them  were  cruelly  killed,  when  taken  on  their  retreat.  The  pursuit  was 
immediately  interrupted,  in  order  to  take  me  on  the  way  to  Dumbarton  ; 
they  stationed  people  in  every  direction,  either  to  kill,  or  take  me.  But 
God,  through  his  infinite  goodness,  has  preserved  me  ;  and  I  escaped  to 
my  Lord  Herris's,  who  as  well  as  other  gentlemen  have  come  with  mc 
into  your  country,  being  assured  that  hearing  of  the  cruelty  of  my  enemies, 
and  how  they  have  treated  me,  you  will,  conformably  to  your  kind  dis- 


PARISH    OF   WORKINGTON.  247 

Mary  in  Cumberland  is  subjoined  in  the  follow- 
ing note.* 

position  and  the  confidence  1  have  in  you,  not  only  receive  me  for  the 
safety  of  my  life,  but  also  aid  and  assist  me  in  my  just  quarrel ;  and  I 
shaU  soUcit  other  Princes  to  do  the  same.  I  entreat  you  to  send  to  fetch 
me  as  soon  as  you  possibly  can,  for  I  am  in  a  pitiable  condition  not  only 
for  a  Queen,  but  for  a  gentlewoman  ;  for  I  have  nothing  in  the  world 
but  what  I  had  on  my  person  when  I  made  my  escape,  travelling  sixty 
miles  across  the  country  the  first  day,  and  not  havingsince  ever  ventured 
to  proceed  except  in  the  night,  as  I  hope  to  declare  before  you  if  it  pleases 
you  to  have  pity,  as  I  trust  you  will,  upon  my  extreme  misfortune ;  of 
which  I  wUl  forbear  complaining,  in  order  not  to  importune  you,  and  to 
pray  God  that  he  may  give  to  you  a  happy  state  of  health  and  long  Ufe, 
and  to  me  patience,  and  that  consolation  which  I  expect  to  receive  from 
You,  to  whom  I  present  my  humble  commendaUons.     From  Workington. 

the  I       0      a).        Your  most  faithful  and  affectionate  good 

sister  and  cousin,  and  escaped  prisoner, 

MARY,  B. 
Cotton.  MS.^ElUs's  Original  Utters. 
•  Afler  the  disastrous  battle  of  Langside,  in  15G3,  Mary,  Queen  of 
Scots,  attended  by  the  Lord  Herrics,  and  a  small  retinue  of  tried  friends, 
Bed  from  the  scene  of  battle.  Lord  Herries  advised  her  Majesty  to  saU 
for  France,  where  she  had  many  relations  on  whose  kindness  she  might 
rely.  But'  Mary  was  unwilling  to  submit  to  the  humUiation  of  appearing 
as  a  fugitive  where  she  had  formerly  shone  in  the  splendour  of  majesty  ; 
and  she  now  indulged  the  hope  that  Elizabeth's  animosity  had  given 
place  to  kinder  feelings.  She  therefore  resolved  to  enter  England,  and 
throw  herself  on  the  generosity  of  her  rival.  To  this,  Lord  Herrics. 
and  her  other  attendants,  liad  the  strongest  objections ;  but,  notwith- 
standing  their  remonstrances,  she  desired  his  lordship  to  write  to  the 
Lord  Warden  at  Carlisle,  making  enquiry  if  she  would  be  received  into 
that  city.  Her  impatience  would  not  allow  her  to  wait  for  a  reply  ;  and 
soon  after  the  letter  was  despatched  to  Carlisle,  Mary,  and  her  train  of 
about  twenty  persons,  embarked  in  a  small  fisUing-boat,  on  Sunday, 
May  16,  and  landed  the  sam.:  day  at  Workington.  She  thence  proceed- 
ed to  Cockermouth,  where  she  was  received  by  Henry  Fletcher,  Esq. 
When  her  letter  arrived  at  Carlisle,  the  Lord  Warden  was  from  home, 
having  appointed  as  his  deputy.  Mr.  (afterwards  Sir  Richard)  Lowlher. 

2  I  2 


248         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Mr.  Sandford*  gives  the  following  account  of 
the  hall,  written  about  the  year  1676  : — "A  fair 
parks  of  fallow  dear  there,  adjoining  to  the  de- 
mesne lands  of  Workington,  a  very  fair  large 
village,  and  fair  haven,  but  not  so  much  now 
frequented  with  ships,  the  coleyery  being  decay- 
ed thereabout ;  and  a  very  fair  church  and  par- 
sonage of  220/.  per  annum,  and  one  Mr.  INIadison 
now  ther  pastor.  And  a  very  fair  mansion-house 
and  pallace-like  ;  a  court  of  above  60  yards  long, 
and  40  yards  broad,  built  round  about ;  garreted 
turret-wise,  and  toores  [to\vers]  in  the  corner ;  a 
gate-house,  and  most  wainscot  and  gallery  roomes; 
and  the  brave  prospect  of  seas  and  ships  almost 
to  the  house,  the  tides  flowing  up.  Brave  orchards, 
gardens,  dove-coats,  and  woods  and  grounds  in 
the  bank  about,  and  brave  corn-fields  and  meadows 
below,  as  like  as  Chelsay  fields.  And  now  the 
habitation  of  a  brave  yong  Sq.  his  father  Monsir 
Edward  Curwen,  and  his  mother  the  grand-child 
of  Sir  Michael  Wharton  o'th'  M'okls  in  Yorkshire. 

"  Now  let  me  tell  you  the  family  and  pedegi'ee 
of  this  ancient  great  house  [of]  Chivilirs  of  Work- 
ington for  five  or  six  descents :  my  owne  great- 
great-grandmother  being  either  sister  or  daughter 
to  Sir  Tho:  Curwen,  Kt.   in   Henry  the  eight's 

time at and  went  up  with  his 

men  to  that  King  Henry  S  at  the  disso- 
lution of  Abbeys.  And  the  King  said  to  him, 
"Curwen  why  doth  thee  begg  none  of  thes  Abbeys. 
I  wold  gratifie  the  some  way,"     Quoth  the  other, 

Mary  remained  at  Cockermouth  until  Mr.  Lowtherhad  assembled  a  body 
of  the  gentry  to  escort  her  to  the  castle  of  Carlisle,  in  a  manner  becoming 
her  high  birth. 

*  MS,  Dean  and  Chapter  Library,  Carlisle. 


PARISH    OF    WORKINGTON.  249 

"I  thank  you."  He  afterwards  said,  "he  wold 
desire  of  him  the  Abbie  of  Ffurneis  (nye  unto  hira) 
for  20  one  years."     Says  the  King,  "  Take  it  for 

"  Quoth  the  other,  "  It  is  long  enough, 

for  you'le  set  them  up  againe  in  time."  But  they 
n^t  likely  to  be  set  up  againe.  This  Sir  Tho : 
Curwen  sent  Mr.  Preston,  who  had  married  his 
daughter,  to  renew  the  lease  for  him ;    and  he 

it  in  his  own  name.      Which  when  his 

father-in-law  questioned :  quoth  jNIr.  Preston, 
"  You  shall  have  it  as  long  as  you  live ;  and  I 
think  I  may  as  well  have  it  with  your  daughter 
as  an  other."  I  think  this  Sir  Ilarry  Curwen's 
wife  was  Fairfax,  York. 

"  Then  comes  his  sone  and  heir,  old  Sir  Henry 
Curwen,  Kt.  and  heir  of  his  gallantry,  and  with 
Sir  Symond  Musgrave  wear  both  knighted  at  the 
progress  of  an  English  army  into  Scotland,  and 
brought  away  with  him  the  iron-gate  of  a  tower 
Carlaverick  castle,  the  house  of  Lord  INIaxwell, 
and  [it]  is  now  the  gate  of  a  tower  dower  at 
\Vorkington. 

"  Then  comes  his  sone,  Sir  Nicolas  Curwen, 
married  Sir  Symond  Musgrave  daughter,  and 
Monsir  Christopher  ]N[usgrave  marries  his  sister, 
the  grandmother  of  the  now  noble  Sir  Philip  Mus- 
grave, governor  of  the  Carlisle  castle,  and  citie 
and  garrison  there,  and  protects  the  contry  from 
moss-troopers. 

"  Then  comes  Sir  Henry  Curwen,  p'lament 
man  for  the  county,  and  Patricius  Curwen,  his 
sone  and  heir,  and  colonell  in  the  late  Royal  ar- 
mie  and  his  brother.  Cap.  Eldred  Curwen,  father 
of  the  now  Monsir  Curwen,  in  minority.  Lord  of 
Workington." 


250        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Mr.  Denton,  who  wrote  at  about  the  same 
period,  says,  "  I  do  not  know  any  one  seat  in  all 
Britain  so  commodiously  situated  for  beauty, 
plenty,  and  pleasure,  as  this  is.  The  demesne 
breeds  the  largest  cattle  and  sheep  in  all  the 
country.  The  famous  salmon  fishing  here  (men- 
tioned in  Camden,)  is  worth  300/.  per  annum, 
three  hundred  of  those  gi-eat  fishes  having  been 
frequently  taken  at  a  draught.  They  are  like- 
wise plentifully  stored  here  with  very  good  sea 
fish  and  fowl,  and  here  is  a  large  rabbit-warren, 
worth  20/.  a  year,  besides  what  serves  the  house, 
and  a  great  dove-cote,  stored  with  a  huge  flight 
of  pigeons ;  a  salt  pan  and  colliery,  worth  20/. 
per  annum,  within  the  demesne." 

The  hall  was  almost  entirely  rebuilt  by  John 
Christian  Curwen,  Esq.  M.P.  (father  of  the  pre- 
sent lord  of  the  manor,  Henry  Curwen,  Esq.) 
from  designs  by  Mr.  Carr,  of  York,  when  the 
grounds  were  extended  and  improved  by  Mr. 
VVhite,  of  Retford.  It  stands  near  the  edge  of 
the  park,  and  is  approached  through  a  gateway, 
on  each  pillar  of  which  is  a  unicorn's  head — the 
crest  of  the  Curwens.  The  building  (as  already 
stated)  is  quadrangular,  with  battlemented  para- 
pets ;  the  principal  entrance  is  in  the  south-west 
front,  where  a  gateway  opens  into  a  court-yard. 
Over  the  entrance-door  is  a  shield  bearing  the 
arms  of  Curwen  with  quarterings:  it  has  the  date 
1665.  The  Q//ee>i's  hed-cliamber  (see  page  245) 
retains  no  appearance  of  antiquity. 


PARISH   OF   WORKINGTON.  251 

CuRWEN  OF  Workington-Hall.* 

jirms: — Argent,  fretty  gules,  a  chief  azure. 
Crest: — A  unicorn's  head  erased  argent,  armed  or. 
Motto : — Sije  rCestoy. 

"  The  antient  knightly  family  of  the  Curwens,"  says  Cam- 
den, "  derive  their  descent  from  Gospatric,  Earl  of 
Northumberland,  and  took  their  surname  by  agreement  from 
Cuhven,  a  family  of  Galloway,  whose  heir  they  married. 
They  have  here  a  noble  mansion  like  a  castle,  and  from  them, 
if  I  may  be  allowed  to  mention  it  without  the  imputation  of 
vanity,  I  derive  my  descent  by  the  mother's  side." 

Ivo  de  Talebois,  or  Talboys,  first  lord  of  the  barony  of 
Kendal,  brother  of  Fulk,  carl  of  Anjou  and  king  of  Terusa- 
lera,  espoused  Elgiva,  daughter  of  our  Saxon  uunarch 
Ethelred,  and  was  lather  of 

Eldred  or  Ethelred,  second  feudal  lord  of  Kendal,  who 
married  Adgitha,  aud  was  succeded  by  his  son, 

Ketel,  third  Baron  of  Kendal.  He  married  Christiana, 
as  appears  by  his  grant  of  the  church  of  Morland  to  the 
abbey  of  St.  Mary's  in  York,  to  which  she  was  a  witness. 
By  her  he  had  issue, 

Gilbert,  who  succeeded  to  the  barony  of  Kendal,  whose 
son, 

William,  according  to  Dugdale,  from  being  gover- 
nor of  the  castle  of  Lancaster,  assumed  the  sur- 
name of  Lancaster.     From  him  descended 
John  do  Lancaster,  summoned  to  parliament 
as  a  baron  in  1299. 
Orme,  bis  successor. 
William. 
He  received  from  William  de  Meschines  agrant  of  Work- 
ington, Salter,  Kelton,  and  Stockhow.     He  gave  the  parish- 
church  of  Workington,  with  two  carucates  of  land  and  a  mill 
there,  to  the  Abbey  of  St.  Mary,  at  York. 

Orme,  second  son,  wedded  Gunilda,  sister  of  Waldieve, 
first  lord  of  Allerdale,  (see  p.  2,)  son  of  Gospatric,  Earl  of 

*  This  pedigree  is  chiefly  compiled  from  Burke's  Commoners  and 
NicoUon  and  Bum. 


252        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Dunbar,  and  acquiring  by  grant  from  the  said  Waldieve  the 
manor  of  Seaton,  took  up  his  abode  there.  By  the  same 
conveyance  he  had  also  the  towns  of  Camberton,  Craiksothen, 
and  Flemingby.  Mr.  John  Denton  says,  the  walls  and  ruins 
of  the  mansion-house  at  Seaton  were  visible  in  his  time. 

Gospatric,  son  and  heir  of  Orme,  received  from  Alan, 
second  Lord  of  Allerdale  (his  cousin-gerraan)  High  Ireby, 
which  remained  in  a  younger  branch  of  the  Curwens,  until 
it  terminated  in  heiresses.  Gospatric  received  the  manors 
of  Workington  and  Lamphigh,  from  his  cousin-german, 
William  de  Lancaster,  in  exchange  for  Middleton,  co.  West- 
morland ;  in  which  exchange,  the  said  William  reserved  to 
himself  and  his  heirs  a  yearly  rent  of  Ct^.  at  Carlisle  fair,  or  a 
pair  of  gilt  spurs,  and  bound  Gospatric  and  his  heirs  to  do 
homage,  and  to  discharge  his  foreign  service  for  the  same,  to 
the  barony  or  castle  of  Egremont.  He  gave  two  parts  of  the 
fishing  in  Derwent  to  the  abbey  of  Holme  Cultram,  with  the 
appendices;  except  \\'aytcroft,  which  he  gave  to  the  prior  of 
Carlisle.  John,  then  prior  of  Carlisle,  regranted  Waytcroft  to 
Thomas,  son  of  Gospatric,  and  his  heirs,  to  be  holden  of  the 
priory  freely,  paying  yearly  7s.  rent  at  Pentecost  and  Martin- 
mas. 

He  had  issue,  Thomas,  Gilbert,  Adam,  Orme,  and  Alex- 
ander. 

Thomas,  son  and  heir,  succeeded  his  father  in  the  inheri- 
tance. He  received  a  grant  of  the  great  lordship  of  Culwen 
in  Galloway;  and  granted  Lamplugh  to  Robert  dc  Lamplugh 
and  his  heirs,  to  be  holden  by  the  yearly  presentation  of  a  pair 
of  gilt  spurs.  He  died  7th  December,  1 152,  and  was  buried 
in  the  abbey  of  Shap,  co.  Westmorland,  to  w  Inch  he  had  been 
a  benefactor.     His  issue  were 

Thomas,  who  married  Joan,   daiighter   of  Robert  de 
Veteripont,  but  died   in  the  life-time  of  his  father, 
leaving  an  only  daughter  who  married  Harrington,  of 
Harrington, 
Patric,  his  successor. 

Alan,  who  acquired  by  gift  of  his  brother  Patric,  lands 

of  Camnierton,  and  thence  deriving  their  surname, 

the  Cammertons  descend  from  him. 

To  his  second  son,  Patric,  he  had  given,  during  the  life  of 

his  eldest  son,  the  lordship  of  Culwen,  and  the  said  Patric, 

assuming  his  surname  therefrom,  became, 

Patric  de  Culwen :  his  elder  brother  dying  subsequently, 


PARISH   OF    WORKINGTON. 


253 


without  male  issue,  he  succeeded  to  the  entire  estate,  and 
was  thenceforward  designated  "  Patric  de  Culwea  of  Work- 
ington."    He  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son, 

Thomas  do  CuUven,  of  Workington,  who  died  5.  p.  and 
was  succeeded  by  his  brother, 

Gilbert  de  Culwen,  of  Workington,  who  left  by  his  wife 
Editha,  a  son  and  heir, 

Gilbert  de  Culwen,  of  Workington,  who  died  in  the  3rd 
Edward  III.,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

Sir  Gilbert  de  CuUven,  knight  of  the  shire  in  the  47th, 
48th,  and  50th,  of  Edward  111.* 

Sir  Gilbert  de  Culwen.  son  and  heir,  was  knight  of  the 
shire  in  the  5lh  Richard  II.,  and  died  about  two  years  aftcr.f 

Sir  Christorher  de  Culwen,  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Gilbert, 
represented  the  county  in  the  2nd  Henry  V  and  in  the  2nd, 
3rd  Cth,  and  9lh  Henry  VI.  He  was  sherifl  of  Cumberland 
in  the  2nd,  and  Gth,  and  again  in  the  12lh  Henry  \I  by  the 
name  of  Culwen,  and  in  the  Cih  of  the  said  king  by  the  name 
of  Curwen,  to  which  last  name  the  family  hath  ever  since 
adhered.  Sir  Christopher,  (with  Sir  IhomasDacre  ol  biUes- 
land  and  Sir  William  F itz-hugh,  knts.,)  was  commissioned 
bv  licnrv  VI.  A-U-  1  l-^-'  ^^  ^''^'^  ^'^'^  '"''''^  °^  ^  ""  wardens 
of  the  west  marches  for  the  observance  of  the  truce  conclud- 
ed with  the  king  of  the  Scots. 

Sir  Thomas  Curwen,  son  and  heir,  represented  the  county 
in  the  13lh,  2nth,  27th,  and  38th  Henry  VI.,  and  died  in  the 
3rd  Edward  IV. 

Sir  Christopher  Curwen,  son  and  heir,  died  in  the  7th 
Henry  VII. 

Sir  Thomas  Curwen,  son  and  heir,  died  in  the  34th  Henry 
VIII  •  in  which  year,  on  an  inquisition  of  knights  fees  m 
Cumberland,  it  is  found,  that  Thomas  Curwen,  knight,  held 

•  In  the  49lh  Edward  III.  John  de  Culwen  was  presented  to  the 
rectory  of  Newbiggin,  co.  Westmorland,  which  he  soon  after  exchanged 
fol  the  vicarage  of  Bromfield. 

t  Nicolson  and  Burn.    Burke,  however,  supposes  they  were  the  same 

person.  2    K 


254        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

the  manor  of  Workington  of  the  king  by  knights'  service, 
as  of  his  castle  of  Egremont;  viz.  by  the  service  of  one  knight's 
fee,  45s.  3d.  cornago,  4s.  seawakc,  and  puture  of  two  Serjeants. 
He  held  at  the  same  time  the  manor  of  Thornthwaite,  and 
one  third  of  the  manor  of  Bothill,  and  the  manors  of  Seaton 
and  Camerton,  and  divers  tenements  in  Gilcrouse,  Great 
Broughton,  and  Dereham. 

He  appears  in  the  list  of  the  gentry  of  the  county,  who 
■were  called  out  by  Sir  Thomas  Wharton,  in  1543,  "  on  the 
service  of  the  Border"  when  he  was  to  furnish  "  horse  at  his 
pleasure."     He  had  issue, 

Henri/. 

Lucy,  married  to  Sir  John  Lowthcr. 

A  daughter,  married  to  ....  Preston. 

Sir  Henry  Curwen,  son  and  heir,  knight  of  the  shire  6th 
Edward  VI.  and  1st  Elizabeth,  (see  page  249.)  He  was  twice 
married:  firstly,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Sir  Nicholas  Fairfax, 
by  whom  he  had  issue, 

Nicholas,  his  successor ; 
and,  secondly,  to  Jane  Crosby,  by  whom  he  had 
George,  ob.  n.p. 
Thomas,*  who  left,  with  two  younger  sons, 

Darcy,  who  had  (with  four  other  sons,  who  died 
without  issue) 
Henry. 
Eldred,  who  also  succeeded  to  the  estate. 

Sir  Henry  had  the  honor  of  receiving  at  his  mansion-house 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  May  16,  1568,  when  she  landed  at 
Workiugtouf  on  her  way  to  Carlisle  (see  page  244).    He  died 

•  This  is  probably  lie  who  lies  buried  in  the  church  of  Ponsonby,  where 
there  is  a  monument  to  his  memory. 

t  The  Earl  of  Northumberland  procured  from  the  council  of  York,  an 
order  to  "  the  SherifTe,  Justices  of  Peace,  and  gentlemen  of  our  countyc 
of  Cumberland,  and  to  everie  of  them,"  to  the  following  tenor  : — 

"  By  the  Queue. — Trustie  and  wel  beloved,  we  grete  you  well.  And 
for  as  muche  as  we  be  informed  that  our  sister,  the  Scotishe  Quenc,  is 
arryved  within  our  realme,  at  Wyrkington,  in  our  county  of  Cumberland, 
within  the  lordship  and  segnory  of  our  right  trustie  and  right  wel  beloved 
cosyn,  the  Earl  of  Northumberland ;  who  hathe  alreadie  sent  certen 
geutlemen  honorablie  to  see  to  her  enterteynment  and  safe  keping  in  this 
our  realm,  uatill  our  pleasure  shal  be  fiuther  knowen.    This  is,  therefore, 


PARISH    OF    WORKINGTON. 


255 


in  the  39th  Elizabeth,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son, 

Sir  Nicholas  Curwen,  M.P.  for  Cumberland,  who  married, 
firstly,  Anno,  daughter  of  Sir  Simon  Musgravo,  of  Edenhall, 
Bart,  (by  whom  he  had  co  issue);  and,  secondly,  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Judge  Carus.  He  died  in  the  2nd  James  I., 
and  was  succeeded  by  his  son  and  heir. 

Sir  Henry  Curwen,  knight  of  the  shire  in  the  18th  James 
I  who  died  in  lho21stof  that  reign.  He  married Catherme, 
daughter  and  co-heircss  of  Sir  John  Dalstou,  by  whom  he 
had  issue, 

Patrlchts,  his  heir. 

Thomas,  who  succeeded  his  elder  brother. 
Sir  Henry  married,  secondly,  Margaret,  daughter  of   .... 
Wharton,  by  whom  he  had  issue, 

Eldrcd,  who  succeeded  Thomas  Curwen,  Esq. 

Sir  Patricius  Curwen,  Baronet,  eldest  son  and  heir  of  Sir 
Henry  represented  the  county  in  parliament  in  several  par- 
liaments in  the  reigns  of  Charles  1.,  and  Charles  II.      He 

was  created  a  baronet  in    1626.      He  married    ,  but 

dying  without  issue,  in  1664,  the  title  became  extinct,  while 
the  estates  devolved  upon  his  brother, 

Thomas  Curwen,  Esq.  who  also  died  without  issue,  in  the 
25th  Charles  II.  when  the  estates  passed  to  his  half-brother, 

Eldrcd  Curwen,  Esq.  who  died  in  the  26th  Charles  II. 

Henry  Curwen,  Esq.  son  and  heir,  dying  without  issue, 
12th  George  I.  the  estate  and  representation  reverted  to  his 
cousin, 

Henry  Curwen,  Esq.,  eldest  surviving  son  of  Darcy,  son 
of  Thomas,  son  of  Sir  Henry  Curwen,  by  his  second  wile, 

to  wil  and  commando  you  and  cvcric  of  you,  as  you  shaltc  appoyntcd  by 
our  sayd  cousin,  the  Earl  of  Northumb.-rhmd,  toschcrandliir  companyo 
well  and  honorably  used,  as  to  evcrie  of  them  appcrtcyncthe;  and  also 
to  SCO  them  in  safctye,  that  they,  nor  any  of  them,  cskapc  from  you,  un- 
tai  you  shall  have  knowledge  of  our  further  pleasure  therein. 

"Wherof  «c  pray  you  not  to  fayle,  as  we  speriallye  trustc  you,  and  a  a 
yo  will  answer  to  the  conlrar>'  at  your  periUcs.  Given  under  our  signet. 
at  our  citic  of  Yorke,  the  xixlh  daye  of  Mayo,  the  tenthc  ycaro  of  our 
reign."— Sir  C.  Sharpe'i  Memorials  of  the  Rebellion. 

2  K  2 


256        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

Jane  Crosby.     He  died  without  issue  in  the  13th  George  I. 
and  was  succeeded  by  his  brother, 

Eldred  Curwen,  Esq.  M.P.  for  Cockermouth,  in  the  7th 
George  II.  and  dying  in  the  18th  of  the  same  reign,  was 
succeeded  by  his  son, 

Henry  Curwen,  Esq.  M.P.  for  the  city  of  Carlisle  in  1762; 
and  for  the  county  of  Cumberland  in  1768.  He  married 
Isabella,  daughter  of  William  Gale,  Esq.  of  Whitehaven,  by 
whom  he  had  an  only  daughter, 

Isabella  (born  1765),  who  married  John  Christian,  Esq. 
of  Unerigg  Hall,*  and  conveying  to  him  the  family 
estates,  he  assumed,  in  1790,  their  surname  and  arms, 
and  thus  became 

John  Christian-Curwen,  Esq.,  who  had  previously  been 
married  to  Miss  Taubman,  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  by  whom  he 
had  issue,  John  Christian,  Esq.  of  Unerigg  Hall,  one  of  the 
Dempsters  of  that  island.  By  the  heiress  of  the  Curwens 
(his  second  wife)  he  had  issue, 

Henry,  of  whom  hereafter, 

William,  in  holy  orders,  rector  of  Harrington,  1817-1823. 

Edward,  of  Belle  Grange,  co.  Lancaster. 

John,  in  holy  orders,  rector  of  Harrington,  1823  to  1840, 
in  which  year  he  died. 

Bridget,  married  to  Charles  Walker,  Esq.  of  Ashford 
court,  Salop. 

Christiana-Frances,  of  Uppington,  Salop. 
Mr.  Curwen  served  the  office  of  high-sheriff  for  Cumber- 
land in  1784.  In  1786,  he  was  returned  to  parliament  for 
Carlisle  ;  and  he  continued  to  represent  that  city  in  several 
parliaments.  He  was  subsequently  M.P.  for  the  county, 
and  so  remained  until  his  decease.  "  Mr.  Curwen  acquired 
distinction  by  his  rural  pursuits ;  and  as  a  practical  farmer 
introduced  numerous  valuable  improvements,  under  his  own 
immediate  superintendence,  which  gave  a  novel  direction  to 
the  business  of  the  agriculturist."  Mr.  Curwen  was  the 
author  of  "  Observations  on  the  state  of  Ireland,  principally 
directed  to  its  Agriculture  and  Rural  Population,  &c."  2  vols. 
Svo.  1818. 

He  died  on  the  9th  December,  1828,  and  was  succeeded 

•  A  pedigree  of  the  Chrislians  of  Unerigg-hall  will  be  given  in  a  eubse- 
qnent  volume. 


PARISH   OF   WORKINGTON.  257 

in  his  own  estates  by  his  eldest  son,  John  Christian,  Esq. 
and  in  those  of  the  Curwens,  by  his  second  son, 

Henry  Curwen,  Esq.  who  was  born  5th  December,  1783. 
On  the  Uth  October,  1804,  he  married  Jane,  daughter  of 
Edward  Stanley,  Esq.  of  Whitehaven,  by  whom  he  had  issue, 
John. 

Edward  Stanley,  formerly  of  the  14th  Dragoons,  married 
22nd  January,  1833,  Frances,  daughter  of  Edward 
Jesse,  Esq.  of  Hampton  Court,  Middlesex,  and  has 
issue. 
Henry,  in  holy  orders,  rector  of  Workington,  married 
to  Dora,  daughter  of  Major  General  Goidie,  and  has 
issue. 
Charles. 

William  Blamire. 
Isabella,  married  to  the  Rev.  John  Wordsworth,  M.A. 

rector  of  Plumbland,  and  vicar  of  Brigham. 
Julia. 
Jane. 
Mr.  Curwen  succeeded  to  the  estates  on  the  decease  of  his 
father,  9lh  December,  18'28.     He  is  in  the  commission  of  the 
peace  for  Cumberland,  and  filled  the  office  of  high-sheriff  of 
the  county  in  1834. 

The  Town  of  Workington. 

Workington  is  a  considerable  market-town  and 
sea-port,  at  tlie  mouth  of  the  Derwent,  307  miles 
from  London,  8  from  Whitehaven,  and  about  34 
from  Carlisle.  Lcland  says,  its  name  is  derived 
from  the  ^Vyrc,  a  rivulet  that  flows  into  the  sea 
at  Harrington  :  but  this  is  not  very  probable, 
(although  the  ancient  spelling,  Wtjrek'mton, 
Wyrkenion,  and  JV//r/,i//<>/oii,  may  appear  to 
sanction  it)  as  the  stream  is  upwards  of  two  miles 
from  the  town.  That  author  (who  was  chaplain 
to  Henry  VHI.)  speaks  of  Workington,  in  his 
Itinerary,  as  a  place  "  whereas  shyppes  cum  to, 
wher  ys  a  litle  prety  fyssher  town,  cawled  Wyr- 
kenton,  and  ther  is  thechef  howseof  Sir  Thomas 


258        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Curwyn."  It  does  not  appear  to  have  been  a 
port  of  any  consequence  at  this  period,  although, 
within  a  few  years  after,  it  was  the  place  of  dis- 
embarkation chosen  by  Mary  Queen  of  Scots, 
(see  page  244).* 

About  the  year  1770,  according  to  Mr.  Pennant, 
there  were  97  vessels  belonging  to  this  port,  some 
of  which  were  of  250  tons  burthen.  About  1790, 
the  number  was  160,  averaging  about  130  tons.  In 
April,  1810,  134  ships,  tonnage,  18,911.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1822,  117  ships,  tonnage,  18,094.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1828,  126  ships,  tonnage,  19,930.  The 
present  number  of  vessels  belonging  to  this  port 
is  95,  and  the  tonnage  is  estimated  at  17,681. 

The  river  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  400  tons. 
The  chief  trade  is  in  exporting  coals  to  Ireland ; 
some  of  them  trade  to  America  and  the  Baltic. 
The  imports  are  timber,  bar  iron,  Szc. 

A  considerable  trade  was  formerly  carried  on 

•  It  appears  from  Hutchinson's  Cumberland,  vol.  i.  pp.  32,  33,  that 
in  1566,  there  was  only  one  vessel  belonging  to  the  county,  of  ten  tons 
burthen  ;  and  the  mariners  were  tishermen,  obtaining  a  hard  subsistence 
from  their  hazardous  emiiloyment.  And  that  "  at  the  latter  end  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  even  under  the  auspicious  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
■when  the  naval  power  of  this  empire  was  advancing  into  a  rivalship  with 
all  Europe,  when  trade  and  commerce,  as  from  their  native  land,  began 
to  flourish  in  Britain,  superior  to  the  rest  of  the  European  states ;  when 
our  interior  strength  and  power  displayed  itself  to  the  astonishment  of 
the  world,  this  county  still  languished  under  its  inauspicious  star ;  dis- 
tant from  the  capital,  unhappy  in  its  vicinage,  its  improvements  were 
much  behind  those  of  the  southern  counties.  At  this  period,  in  or  about 
the  year  1582,  the  Earl  of  Lincoln,  being  Lord  High  Admiral,  caused 
an  account  to  be  taken  of  the  ships  and  mariners  within  this  county, 
•when  all  the  vessels  amounted  only  to  twelve,  and  not  one  carried  eighty 
tons.  Mariners  and  fishermen  made  up  the  number  198,  of  whom  many 
had  never  navigated  a  vessel  superior  to  on  open  boat." 


PARISH    OF   WORKINGTON.  259 

here  in  ship-building ;  but  this  has  suffered  in 
the  general  depression  felt  by  the  town.  Vessels 
of  from  400  to  600  tons  are  built  here  for  the 
merchants  in  Liverpool,  &c. 

The  manufactories  are  chiefly  confined  to 
those  connected  with  the  shipping,  such  as  sail- 
cloth, cordage,  &c.,  excepting  a  patent  Leghorn 
hat  manufactory,  established  by  Messrs.  Guy  and 
Harrison,  which  affords  employment  to  several 
hands.  The  town  has  been  built  without  any 
reference  to  regularity  of  design  ;  it  is  a  long, 
narrow,  straggling  place,  extending  about  a  mile 
in  length. 

The  markets  (supposed  to  be  of  no  ancient 
origin)  are  held  on  Wednesday  and  Saturday  ; 
the  former  is  the  principal  one,  and  is  well  sup- 
plied with  corn,  &c.  The  fiirs  have  fallen  into 
disuse ;  they  were  formerly  holden  on  the  Wed- 
nesday before  Ascension  Day,  and  on  the  18th 
of  October. 

The  bridge  over  the  Derwent,  according  to 
Mr.  T.  Denton,  was  rebuilt  by  the  county  in 
1G50.  This  was  replaced  in  17G3,  by  one  of 
three  arches  ;  but  so  exceedingly  narrow  and 
dangerous,  that  after  having  been  the  source  of 
numerous  accidents,  it  was  resolved  to  build 
another,  a  few  yards  below  the  site  of  the  former. 
The  new  bridge  is  a  noble  structure  of  three 
elliptic  arches,  now  building  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Nelson,  of  Carlisle  ;  the  works  were  commenced 
during  the  last  year,  and  are  now  in  a  state  of 
gi-eat  forwardness. 

In  1810,  acts  of  parliament  were  obtained  for 
lighting  and  improving  the  tovvn  and  harbour  of 
Workington. 


260      allerdale  ward,  above  derwent. 

The  Church. 

The  parish  church  of  Workington  is  dedicated 
in  honor  of  St.  Michael.  It  was  given  by  Ketel, 
(son  of  Eldred,  son  of  Ivo,)  third  baron  of 
Kendal,  with  two  carucates  of  land  and  a  mill 
there,  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary,  at  York.  The 
latter  appears  to  have  been  included  in  the  grant 
made,  by  letters  patent,  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  in 
the  5th  year  of  her  reign,  to  Percival  Gunson, 
gentleman,  of  divers  messuages,  lands,  tenements, 
and  other  hereditaments  in  Workington,  and 
one  messuage  in  Clifton,  late  belonging  to  that 
abbey.  In  1534,  the  abbot  of  St.  Mary's,  York, 
presented  to  the  rectory.  In  the  following  year  it 
was  thus  entered  in  the  Valor  Ecclesiasticus  of 
Henry  VIII. 

WirTihjngton  Rector'  EccVie. 

Edmund'    Whalley    incumbens.      Eector' 
p'dca.  valet  in      £      s.      d. 

Mansione  cum  gleba  p.  am.     —     Ix v 

Decim'  granos.  et  feni  xvj/.  \ 

xs.lan'&agneU'xxvjs.viijd.  #  I    £         ».       d. 

pisciu.  marinos.  xls.  minut'f   .....  ^xxvj     x       

et  privat' decim'  cum  oh-/'    "^  ^ 

lac'  ut   in    libro    paschal' V 

Ixxiijs.  iu^d.      In  tot.  J  -^ 

Eepris'  viz  in 
Sinod'iijs.jf^.pcurac'.vjs.viijcZ.  "i 

annual'    pens'     monaster'.  >  —     Ixv      j      -_ 
See.  Bege  Ivs.  iiijcC.  ^ 

Et  valet  clare 
Xma.  ps.  inde 

After  the  dissolution  of  religious  houses,  Henry 
Vni.  by  letters-patent,  bearing  date,  August  20, 


£ 

s. 
Ixv 

d. 

J 

£ 

s. 

d. 

xxiij 

i    ii'j 
xlvj 

PARISH    OF   WORKINGTON, 


2G1 


in  the  3Gth  year  of  his  vcign,  (1544),  granted  to 
Robert  Broc-kelsby  and  John  Dyer,  the  advowson 
and  riglit  of  i)atro'nage  of  the  churches  of  Work- 
ington and  Haverington  ;  to  hold  of  the  king  in 
free  socage  by  fealty  only,  and  not  in  caju/e.  On 
the  27th  January,  1545,  they  conveyed  by  fine 
those  two  rectories  to  Thomas  Dalston,  ot  the 
city  of  Carlisle,  Esquire.  In  1556,  John  Dalston, 
Esq.  presented  to  the  rectory  of  Workington. 

Henry  Vlll.  made  a  second  grant  of  the  ad- 
vowson  of  the  church  of  Workington  to  John 
Bird,  the  first  bishop  of  Chester,  in  exchange  for 
divers  tenqioralties  ;  and  it  was  exchanged  again, 
bv  queen  Mary,  for  Childwall  and  other  places. 
But  it  having  been  granted  before  to  Brockelsby 
and  Dyer,  it"\vas  found  that  the  bishop  had  no 

title. 

On  the  1 2th  of  October,  in  the  Gth  of  Eliza- 
beth, (1501)  there  was  a  licence  of  alienation  to 
John  Dalston,  Esq.,  to  convey  the  advowson  and 
ri'dit  of  patronage  of  the  churches  of  Workington 
and  llaverinuton,  parcel  of  the  late  monastery  of 
St.  Mary,  York,  to  Henry  Curwen,  Esq.,m  whose 
posterity  thev  have  since  remained. 

The  living  (which  is  the  richest  in  the  county) 
was  valued  in  the  King's  Books  at  23/.  5s.  It 
continues  to  pav  a  pension  of  21.  15s.  4rf.  to  St. 
Bees.  The  present  curate  is  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Hetheriugton,  M.A. 

Lisf  of  Rectors. 

Edmund  Whalley,  occurs  1535. 

Lowther,  occurs  c.  1642. 

1662  Christopher  Mattenson. 
1679  John  Bolton. 

2   L 


262         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

1724  Robert  Loxam. 

1726  John  Stanley.* 

1753  William  Thomas  Addison,  oh.  1792.-^ 

1792  Edward  Christian. 

1803  Peter  How,  M.A.  ob.  ISSl.f 

1831  Edward  Stanley,  M.A.  ob.  1S34.+ 

1834  John  Wordsworth,  M.A.§ 

1837  Henry  Curwen,  B.A. 

The  parish-church  of  Workington  was  rebuilt 
in  1770.  It  is  a  neat  and  handsome  structure; 
but,  unfortunately,  and  like  too  many  others 
erected  in  this  county  during  the  last  century,  it 
is  not  in  the  Ecclesiastical  or  Pointed  (miscalled 
Gothic)  style  of  architecture. ||  It  consists  of  a 
nave,  with  a  low  square  tower  which  formed  part 
of  the  old  church  ;  and  is  lighted  by  two  rows  of 
windows  with  round  heads.  At  the  east  end  is 
a  recess  containing  the  altar-table,  over  which  is 
a  window  of  three  liglits,  the  top  filled  with  stain- 
ed glass.  On  the  north  side  is  a  painting  repre- 
senting the  Descent  from  the  Cross,  and  on  the 
south  another  of  the  Ascension.  There  are  two 
side  galleries,  and  one  at  the  west  end  containing 
an  organ. 

•  Son  of  John  Stanley,  Esq.,  of  Ponsonby-hall. 

t  See  moniimenlal  inscription. 

%  Ob.  1831;  Rector  of  I'lumbland,  one  of  his  Majesty's  Justices  of  the 
Peace,  and  a  deputy  lieutenant  for  this  county.  See  monumental  in- 
scription, p.  '2G1. 

§  Rector  of  Plumbland,  and  vicar  of  Brigham. 

II  This  remark  applies  to  many  of  the  modem  erections  in  this  county  ; 
including  St.  Cuthberl's,  Carlisle;  St.  John's,  Workington ;  the  three 
chapels  in  NVhitehaven,  and  the  parish  churches  of  Penrith,  Wigton,  and 
Cockermoulh  :  ot  which  some  are  handsomely  fitted  up,  but  apparently 
built  with  the  intention  of  giving  them  the  appearance  of  mceting-housei 
or  assembly-roomi. 


PARISH    OF    WORKINGTON.  263 

Under  the  tower  is  an  altar-tomb  on  which 
rechne  tlie  effigies  of  a  knight  and  his  lady. 
He  is  in  ])late  arnionr  ;  his  headrests  on  a  cushion, 
placed  against  an  animal,  and  there  is  another  at 
his  feet.  An  inscription  runs  round  the  top  edge 
of  the  altar-tomb,  but  it  has  been  defaced  and 
rendered  illegible  by  coats  of  paint.  Previous  to 
its  last  painting  the  date  lllO  was  to  be  seen. 
On  the  front  side  are  live  recesses  with  cinque- 
foiled  heads  containing  these  shields  :    1.   Fretty 

and  a  cliief,  Curxcen  ;    impaling  Lozengy : 

2,  Ciinccn,  impaling  Fretty  of  six, ....  3,  Cur- 
wen,  without  impalement.  4,  Curzcen,  impaling 
Six  annulets,  three,  two,  one,  ....  5,  Ciirxcoi, 
impaling  Five  fusils  in  fess,  with  a  label  of  five 

points, The  head  of  the  lady  reclines  on 

a  cushion  supported  by  angels.  Near  this  tomb 
is  part  of  an  ancient  octagonal  stone  font. 

The  pew  of  the  Curwen  family  has  some  fine 
old  carved  work,  apparently  preserved  from  the 
former  church.  Tiie  arms  of  Curwen  occur  twice  ; 
in  one  place  impaling  on  a  fess  two  lions'  heads 
between  three  St.  Andrew's  crosses. 

The  tower  contains  six  bells  ;  one  of  which 
bears  the  date  1775.  On  each  side  of  the  western 
door  is  ))laced  a  board  :  one  commemorates  Mr, 
Robert  Jackson's  bequest  of  tSOO/.  ;  the  other, 
the  bequest  of  a  like  sum  by  Jane  Scott,  widow.* 

On  the  east  wall,  south  of  the  altar-table,  is  an 
elaborate  monument  of  wliite  marble,  by  Dunbar, 
with  two  figures  representing  Justice  and  Faith, 
and  bearing  this  inscription  : — 

•  Sec  particulars  of  both,  al  a  subsequent  page,  under  "  Charities." 

2  L  2 


264        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

Sacred 

to  (he  memory  of  the 

REVEREND  EDWARD  STANLEY,   A.M. 

Hector  of  Workington 

and  of  Plumbland, 

one  of  his 

Majesty's  Justices  of  the  Peace, 

and  a  Deputy  Lieutenant 

for  this  county. 

Bom  9th  March,  1776, 

Died  5lh  January  1831. 

He  was  a  kind  and  benevolent  Pastor, 

an  upright,  intelligent,  and 

active  magistrate, 

and  a  zealous  promoter 

of  every  measure  connected  ■with 

the  Tvelfaro  of  those 

amongst  whom  he  resided. 

To  mark  the  hig'i  estimation 

in  which  he  was  held, 

and  as  a  tribute 

of  sincere  respect  to  his  memory, 

this  memorial  was  erected 

by  public  subscription 
A.  D.  MDCCCXXXIV. 

Near  the  south  door  is  a  mural  monument  of 
■white  marble,  with  this  inscription  : — 

Sacred  to  the  memory  of 

THE  REV.  PETER  HOW,  A.M.,  and  MARGARET  hia  wife. 

He  was  for  more  than  37  years 

The  beloved  and  respected  minister  of  this  parish, 

first  as  curate,  and  afterwards  as  rector. 

He  died  at  his  son's  house  in  the  town  of  Shrewsbury, 

On  the  18lh  of  July,  1^31,  .iged  72. 

His  dear  Partner  survived  him  but  a  few  days, 

and  died  at  the  parsonage  house  in  this  town, 

on  the  1st  of  August,  1831,  aged  76. 

They  are,  it  is  humbly  h.oped,  reunited 

in  a  more  blessed  state  of  existence. 


PARISH   OF   WORKINGTON. 


265 


At  the  west  end  of  the  chuixh  is  a  plain  mural 
monument  inscribed — 

In  Memory 

of 
ELDRED  CURWEN,  ESQ.,  of 

Workington  Hall,  who  died  the  23rd 

of  Januar}',  1745, 

Aged  53. 

Under  the  tower  are  the  following  inscriptions 
on  mural  tablets : — 

Within 

This  church 

Lie  the  Bodies  of 

JOHN  and  BILHAII 

SHERWEN. 

Bilhah  Shcrwen 

was  buried  here  April  14,  17G2, 

Aged  47  years. 

John  Sherwcn 

January  19,  17C3,  aged  55  years. 

To  their 

Memory 

this  monument 

•was  gratefully  inscribed 

A.  D.  1818. 

Honour  thy  Fallier  and  thy  Mother 

that  thy  days  may  be  long 

in  tho  laud 

Thy  God  givcth  thcc. 


Erected 

to  the  memory  of 

CAPTN.  MILIUM  PONSONBY, 

of  the  Royal  Navy, 

who  departed  this  life,  on  the  21  October,  1815, 

Aged  GO  years. 


266         ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

Sacred 

To  the 

Memory 

of 

CATHERINA  MARGARETTA  MARIA 

The  wife  of 

JOHN  BECK,  ESQ. 

Comptroller  of  liis  Majesty's  Customs, 

Only  daughter  of  Ihe  late  Rev.  Bryan  Allot, 

Rector  of  Buniliam  in  Norfolk,  Neice  to  the 

Very  Rev.  Richard  Allot,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Raphoe  in 

Ireland,  and  nearly  related  to  David  Kennedy,  Esq. 

of  Kirk-Michael  House,  in  North  Britain, 

and  to  the  Earls  of  Cassilis  and  of  Eglington. 

She  died  on  the  23  February,  1812, 

After  an  illness  of  one  hour  only,  without 

any  previous  indisposition. 

Aged  48  years. 

"  Watch  therefore  for  ye  know  not 

"  W  hat  honv  your  Lord  doth  come." 

Her  spotless  life,  -which  was  a  real  Ornament 

to  her  sex,  was  roplele  with  every  virtue 

■which  could  adorn  the  character  of 

a  tiue  Christian. 

Also 

To  the  memory  of 

JOHN  BECK,  Esq. 

■who  died  the  22  day  of  December,  1S32, 

Aged  83  years. 


In  Memory  of 
WILLIAM  FLASKET,  Esq. 
who  died  on  the  15  June,  1828, 

Aged  59  years. 


Sacred  to  the  Memory  of 
The  Rev.  WILLIAM  TllO.MAS  ADDISON,  Rector  of  this  Parish. 
His  unicmitting  attention  during  a  space  of  40  years 


PARISH   OF   WORKINGTON.  267 

To  all  the  important  duties  of  liis  sacred  function, 

His  pious  zeal  and  spirited  exertions 

(made  more  conspicuous  by  surrounding  obstacles) 

In  laising  from  unseemly  ruin  this  House  of  God, 

Conspire  much  more  than  this  Imperfect  Tablet 

To  speak  his  worth  and  consecrate  his  memory. 

He  died  January  11,  1792,  in  the  G5  year  of  his  age, 

deservedly  lamented. 

His  first  wife,  daughter  of  Eldued  Curwen,  Esq. 

died  December,  1755. 

His  second  wife,  MARIANNA  daughter  of  Adam  Craik,  Esq.  of 

Arbigland,  Dumfriesshire,  died  December,  1759, 

His  third  wife,  DOROTHY,  daughter  of  Riciiaud  Cookb,  Esq. 

of  Cammerton  Hall,  died  23  September,  1831, 

Aged  97  years. 


Erected 

in  memory  of 

Mr.  JOHN   HODGSON, 

Merchant, 

who  died  June  3,  1799, 

.32  78. 

And  also 

In  memory  of 

ELIZABETH,  his  wife, 

who  died  July  23,  1754, 

iE:29. 


In  the  church-yard  is  a  stone  bearing  this  in- 
scription to  the  memory  of  the  first  minister  of 
the  Scotch  church  in  this  town  : — 

In  Memory  of  the 

REVD.Mn.  Wm.  THOMPSON,  who 

with  renewed  diligence  and  great  activity 

raised  and  formed  a  Society  of 

Protestant  Dissenters  in  Workington, 

collected  funds,  and  built  a  Meeting 

«nd  dwelling  House,  and  exerted  the  cmiueut  Talcnti 


268        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

He  was  cndo-ncd  vii'.h  to  the  Glory  of  GOD 

■with  exemplary  fidelity  and  Zeal, 

Forty  years  as  tlieir  Pastor. 

His  modest  wisdom, 

Extensive  learning. 

Strict  integrity, 

and  Un.ifTcctcd  Piety, 

rendered  him  the  just  object 

of  Esteem  and  Love. 

lie  died  24  March,  1782, 

Aged  73  years. 

Another  has  this  inscription  : — 

Sacred  to  the  Memory  of 

TuE  Rev.  JOHN  SELKIRK, 

who  was  46  years  Minister  of  the 

Scotch  Church,  Workington, 

who  departed  this  life,   Jimc  11,  1829, 

In  the  79lh  year  of  his  age. 

This  Stone  is  erected  by  a  few 

Friends  who  long  enjoyed  the 

benefit  of  his  ministry,  as  a  token 

of  their  afl'ccfion  and  grateful 

remembrance  of  his  Unfeigned  Piety, 

exemplary  diligence,  and  unwearied 

exertions  in  the  cause  of  GOD. 

Another  stone,  commemorating  Joseph  Glen- 
dinning,  who  was  murdered  in  1808,  has  these 
elegant  lines — ■ 

Ye  villains  when  this  stone  you  see 
Remember  th;it  you  murdered  me. 
You  bruised  my  head,  you  pierced  my  heart. 
Also  my  bowels  did  suffer  part. 

St.  John's  Chapel. 

This  chapel  was  erected  in  the  year  1823,  by 
the   commissioners  for   building  churches,  and 


PARISH    OF   WORKINGTON.  2G9 

affords  a  lamentable  proof  of  modern  degeneracy 
in  church-building. — Built  at  the  almost  incredi- 
ble cost  of  10,000/.  its  miserable  masonry  and 
unecclesiastical  style  of  architecture  afford  a  sad 
contrast  to  those  appropriate  edifices  which  the 
more  correct  taste  of  our  ancestors  erected  for 
Divine  worship.  It  has  a  Doric  portico,  closely 
resembling  that  of  the  church  of  St.  Paul,  Co- 
vent-garden,  London,  the  entablature  supported 
by  four  massy  pillars.  The  chapel  is  calculated 
to  accommodate  IGOO  hearers.  The  seats  on  the 
ground-floor  are  free,  and  the  minister  is  paid  by 
tlie  rents  of  those  in  the  galleries.  The  living  is 
a  perpetual  curacy,  in  the  gift  of  the  rector  of  the 
parish.  In  1835,  by  an  order  in  the  Privy  Coun- 
cil, the  parish  of  ^^'orkington  was  ecclesiastically 
divided  into  two  districts :  one  of  which  was  as- 
signed to  the  mother-church,  and  the  other  to  St. 
John's. 

List  of  Incumbents. 

1823  John  Curwen.* 
1828  Joseph  Simpson,  B.A. 
1831   Peter  von  Essen,  B.A.f 
1840  William  Jackson,  M.A. 

Chapels. 

There  are  in  this  town  chapels  belonging  to 
the  Independents,  the  Roman  Catholics,  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  the  Primitive  Methodists^ 
and  one  for  seamen. 

•  Rector  of  Harrington  and  of  Plumbland. 
f  Rector  of  Uarrington. 

2   M 


270      allerdale  ward,  above  derwent. 

Charities. 

The  Gramynar  School. — Sir  Patricius  Curwen, 
Bart,  by  ^vill,  dated  13th  December,  1664,  be- 
queathed 10/.  towards  erecting  a  school  house, 
and  he  thereby  further  gave  and  bequeathed  the 
annual  sum  of  61.  6s.  Sd.  towards  the  maintenance 
of  such  master  or  masters  as  should  be  appointed 
by  the  ministers  of  Workington  and  Harrington, 
•with  the  consent  of  any  two  of  the  churchwardens 
of  the  former  parish.  The  latter  sum  was  a  rent- 
charge  upon  his  demesne  of  Workington.*  A 
school-house  was  built  upon  the  common,  soon 
after  the  decease  of  Sir  Patricius,  by  his  widow 
and  executrix. 

Thomas  Curwen,  Esq.,  his  brother  and  succes- 
sor in  the  estates,  by  will,  dated  ISth  December, 
1672,  granted  the  three  closes  or  enclosures  known 
as  Colker  close,  Dobby  INIiller's  close,  and  JNIoor 
close,  for  the  use  of  the  master. 

In  1S03,  John  Christian  Curwen,  Esq.,  M.P. 
having  at  that  time  discovered,  by  reference  to 
his  title  deeds,  that  Thomas  Curwen,  the  devisor, 
had  no  power  to  devise  the  closes  above-mention- 
ed, having  been  only  tenant  for  life  of  that  pro- 
perty, determined  to  apply  the  rents  and  profits 
thereof  to  some  other  charitable  purpose,  which 
he  thought  more  advisable.  He  appointed, 
however,  the  Rev.  Anthony  DalzcU  to  the  office 
of  schoolmaster,  then  vacant,  and  agreed  to  give 
him  a  salary  of  10/.  10.s.  per  annum.  I'he  closes 
above-mentioned  contain  70  acres  of  land,  and 
are  worth  140/.  per  annum. 

•  The  commissioners  for  enquiring  concerning  charities  say  that  it  does 
not  appear  that  this  rent-charge  left  by  Sir  Patricius  was  CTer  paid. 


PARISH    OF   WORKINGTON.  271 

It  appears  that  by  deed  of  settlement,  dated 
29th  September  1G12,  and  a  fine  levied  thereon, 
Sh-  Henry  Cm  wen  settled  the  manor  and  estate 
of  ^\'o^kmgton  npon  himself  for  life,  with  remain- 
der to  his  first  and  other  sons  in  tail  under  this 
settlement.  Sir  Patricius  Curwen,  the  eldest 
son  of  Sir  Henry,  became  tenant  in  tail,  and  died 
without  issue,  leaving  a  brother,  Thomas  Curwen, 
who  succeeded  him.  Sir  Pairicius,  therefore, 
had  no  power  to  change  the  inheritance. 

By  deed  of  settlement,  dated  2Gth  February 
1GG(),  and  a  fine  levied  thereon,  Thomas  Curwen 
and  l-:idred  Curwen  settled  tlie  said  manor  and 
estates  on  the  said  Thomas  Curwen  for  life,  with 
remainder  to  his  first  and  other  sons  in  tail ;  and 
in  default  of  issue,  on  the  said  Eldred  Curwen, 
for  life,  with  remainder  to  his  first  and  other  sons 
in  tail.  Thomas  Curwen  died  without  issue,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Eldred  Curwen,  who  died, 
leaving  a  son,  so  that  Thomas  Curwen  was  only 
tenant  for  life,  and  had  no  power  of  devising  the 
closes  above  mentioned. 

The  site  of  the  school-house,  which  was  built 
upon  the  waste,  appears  never  to  have  been  con- 
veyed to  any  jierson,  in  trust,  for  the  charity ; 
the  soil,  therefore,  remained  in  the  lord  of  the 
manor.  In  IS  13,  the  building  was  pulled  down 
by  ISIr.  C^urwen,  and  a  room  in  the  town  was 
appropriated  by  him  for  tlie  purposes  of  a  school. 
The  waste  has  since  l)een  enclosed  under  an  act 
of  Parliament ;  and  the  site  of  the  school,  with 
the  adjoining  land,  has  been  set  out  and  allotted 
by  the  commissioners.* 

*  Report  of  the  Commissionera. 

2  M  2 


272         ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Sir  Patricius  Ciirwen's  Charities. — Sir  Patricius 
Curwen,  Bart,  left  also  to  the  poor  of  the  parish, 
5/.  per  annum,*  charged  upon  his  demesne  at 
Workington  :  but  this  payment  has  not  been 
made  by  his  successors,  for  the  reason  assigned 
in  the  preceding  account  of  the  Grammar  School. 

Scott's  Charity. — Jane  Scott,  widow,  by  will 
dated  24th  January,  1816,  bequeathed  800/.  stock, 
five  per  cents,  to  the  Rev.  Peter  How,  M.A. 
Benjamin  Thompson,  Robert  Jackson,  and  Wil- 
liam Piele,  on  trust,  to  pay  sixteen  poor  women 
405.  each,  annually  on  new-year's  day :  all  of  whom 
are  to  be  residents  in  the  township  of  Workington. 
The  remainder  of  the  dividends,  after  payment  of 
all  expences,  to  be  retained  by  the  trustees  as  a 
compensation  for  their  trouble  :  their  number  is 
to  be  always  four ;  one  of  whom  must  be  the 
rector  or  resident  minister  of  Workington,  if  a 
suitable  person.  On  the  death  of  any  of  the 
annuitants,  the  trustees  to  appoint  another  to  fill 
up  the  vacancy. 

Kai/s  Legacies. — John  Kay,  by  will  dated  11  th 
of  February,  1806,  amongst  other  things,bequeath- 
ed  to  the  rector  of  ^^'orkington,  50  guineas,  to 
be  by  him  laid  out  in  a  handsome  brass  gilt 
chandelier,  to  be  hung  up  in  the  middle  aisle  in 
the  parish  church  of  Workington.  He  also  gave 
to  twenty  poor  widows  annually,  in  the  township 
of  Workington,  on  Christmas-day  in  each  year 
for  years  after  his  decease,  a  fore-quarter  of 

mutton,  and  a  shilling  loaf  each ;  and  in  the 
margin  of  the  said  will,  opposite  to  the  last-men- 

•  He  left  also  sums  of  money  to  be  distributed  to  the  poor  of  tie  parish 
of  Harrington,  and  to  the  poor  of  Cammcrton  and  Seaton. 


PARISH    OF    WORKINGTON.  273 

tioned  bequest,  was  written,  "  to  be  charged  upon 
the  lands." 

These  legacies,  however,  have  failed. — A  decree 
in  chancery,  dated  ISth  February,  1 8 14,  was  made 
by  several  legatees  and  relations  of  the  testator 
against  his  Majesty's  attorney-general,  the  execu- 
trix of  the  testator,  and  otlier  persons,  when  it 
was  ordered,  that  it  should  be  referred  to  the 
master.  On  the  1st  November  ISl 9,  the  master 
reported,  that  tlie  personal  estate  of  the  testator 
had  proved  insufficient  for  the  payment  of  the 
debts  and  legacies  charged  thereupon  ;  and  that 
part  of  the  testator's  real  estate  had  been  sold,  to 
supply  the  deficiency  thereof. 

Jackson's  Bequest. — Mr.  Robert  Jackson,  who 
died  1th  April,  182G,  left  by  will  800/.  the  interest 
arising  therefrom  to  be  distributed  by  four  trustees 
to  sixteen  poor  women,  in  the  sum  of  40.v.  each 
annually :  the  rector  or  resident-minister  being 
one  of  the  trustees.  The  original  trustees,  named 
in  the  will,  are  the  Rev.  Peter  How,  M.A.,  Joseph 
Pearson,  ^Villiam  Plaskett,  and  lulward  Henry 
Hare.  The  funds  of  this  charity  have  been  di- 
minished; — first,  in  1830,  by  the  conversion  of 
the  new  4  per  cent,  into  the  new  3^  per  cent 
stock ;  and  secondly,  by  a  decree  in  chancery,  in 
a  suit  against  the  executors  and  trustees,  which 
reduced  the  bequest  to  the  sum  of  430/.  3^.  stock. 

The  Lancaster'ian  School. — This  school  was 
founded  in  1808,  by  John  Christian  Curwen,  Esq. 
M.P.,  and  affords  instruction  to  about  194  boys 
and  86  girls,  each  of  whom  pays  \d.  or  \\d.  per 
week,  towards  providing  books.  All  necessary 
expenses  arc  paid  by  the  family  of  the  founder. 

A  building,  comprising  rooms   for   an  Infant 


274        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

School,  a  School  of  Industry,  &c.  was  erected  in 
1831,  by  Thomas  Wilson,  Esq.  of  this  town. 
Over  the  entrance  is  the  following  inscription  : — 

These  Schools 

for  the  Education 

of  the  Children  of  the  Poor 

in  Religious  and  Useful  Knowledge 

Avere  erected 

from  the  bounty  of  a  kind  Providence 

by 

Thomas  Wilson,  1831. 

Mr.  Wilson  has  regularly  conveyed  the  build- 
ing in  trust,  for  the  above  purposes,  to  the  clergy 
of  the  town,  with  the  churchwardens  and  over- 
seers for  the  time  being.  On  the  east  wall  of  the 
Infant  School  is  a  tablet  inscribed  as  follows  : — 

As  a  testimony  of  my  approval 

Of  the  Infimt  School  and  School  of  Industry 

In  Guard  Street, 

dedicated  to  charitable  uses. 

It  is  my  intention  to  remit  the  grotmd  rent 

For  the  premises  during  my  life 

To  the  charity, 

On  being  called  upon  by  the  Governors 

Annually  for  my  receipt; 

And  I  trust  my  successors 

will  continue  to  do  the  same. 

The  Hall,  Woikington.     Henry  Cukwen. 

December  11,  1831. 

In  addition  to  these  foundations  and  endow- 
ments, there  are  many  other  charitable  societies 
and  institutions,  and  Sunday  schools,  supported 
by  voluntary  contributions. 

Stainburn. 

Stainburn  is  a  hamlet  and  township  one  mile 
east  of  Workington.     The  nanje  is  supposed  to 


PARISH   OF   WORKINGTON.  275 

be  derived  from  stoney  burn  or  beck.  Waldieve, 
lord  of  AUerdale,  son  of  Gospatric,  Earl  of  Dun- 
bar, gave  this  whole  vill,  consisting  of  three 
carucates  of  land,  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary's  at 
York,  for  the  proper  use  of  the  cell  of  St.  Bees. 
The  prior  of  St.  Bees  built  here  a  chapel  or 
oratory.  Afterwards  Henry  IV.  presented  one 
Robert  Hunte  to  this  as  a  free  chapel  in  the  gift 
of  the  crown.  The  abbot  of  St,  Mary's,  York, 
remonstrated,  setting  forth  the  above  particulars : 
and  the  king,  upon  inquiry  and  trial,  revoked  this 
grant.* 

Clifton. 

The  Chapelry  of  Clifton  includes  the  two 
townships  and  villages  of  Great  Clifton  and  Little 
Clifton.  These  townships  form  a  manor,  and 
were  given  by  William  de  jNIeschines  to  Waldieve, 
son  of  Gospatric,  Eavl  of  Dunbar ;  and  by  the 
heiress  of  that  family  came  to  the  Lucys  ;  from 
them  to  Benedict  Eglesfield,  who  had  a  son 
Richard  Eglesfield,  whose  daughter  and  heiress 
carried  the  same  by  marriage  to  Adam  de  Berdsey. 
He  had  a  son  Nicholas  de  Berdsey,  who  had  a 
son  ^\'illiam  de  Berdsey,  which  AVilliam  in  the 
35  Henry  VHL  was  found  by  inquisition  to  hold 
his  messuage  and  vill  of  Clifton  of  the  king  as  of 
the  manor  of  Dean,  by  knight's  service,  rendering 
for  the  same  2s.  \0d.  cornage,  and  17s.  \(l  free 
rent,  and  suit  of  court,  homage,  and  witnesman  in 
the  five  towns.f  lie  held  Kirk  Clifton,  (or  Great 
Clifton)  by  the  service  of  3s.  4f/.  cornage,  with 
suit  of  court,  witnesman  as  aforesaid,  and  puture 

•  Nicolson  and  Bum.  t  See  page  2. 


276        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

of  the  Serjeants.*  By  a  daughter  and  coheir  of 
the  said  WilHam  these  villages  came  to  the  Salk- 
elds  of  Whitehall,  who  sold  them  to  Sir  James 
Lowther,  Bart.,  from  whom  they  came  to  the 
present  possessor,  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

Great  Clifton,  or  Kirk  Clifton,  in  Derwent 
Ward,  is  an  ancient  village,  2^  miles  east  from 
Workington,  "  where  it  is  said  a  market  was  for- 
merly held,"  and  in  support  of  the  truth  of  which 
tradition  the  remains  of  an  ancient  cross  are 
pointed  out.  Clifton-house,  the  mansion  of 
Richard  Watts,  Esq.,  is  near  the  village,  situated 
on  rising  grounds  which  command  an  extensive 
prospect,  the  beauty  of  which  is  much  enhanced 
by  the  meanderings  of  the  Derwent.  It  has  at 
present  an  exposed  appearance,  but  this  will  be 
remedied  in  a  few  years,  when  the  plantations 
around  it  have  attained  a  fuller  growth. 

Little  Clifton  is  a  village  in  Derwent  Ward, 
3|  miles  east  of  Workington,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Maron  with  the  Derwent. 

The  Chapel  was  certified  to  the  governors  of 
Queen  Ann's  bounty  at  3/.  per  annum.  In  the 
year  1717,  "it  was  certified  that  there  was  then 
no  maintenance  for  a  curate,  or  any  divine  service 
performed ;  that  formerly  every  family  in  the  two 
hamlets,  being  about  40  in  number,  paid  Gd.  each 
to  one  that  read  prayers,  and  taught  the  children 
to  read,  and  the  rector  gave  21.  a  year,  and  oflS- 
ciated  there  every  sixth  Sunday  ;  but  that  these 
payments  had  then  ceased  for  about  40  years 
last  past." 

The  chapel  is  very  picturesquely  situated  on 


*  Nicolson  and  Buin. 


PARISH    OF   WORKINGTON. 


277 


the  summit  of  a  cliff  overlooking  the  village.  It 
is  an  ancient  edifice,  but  has  been  much  modern- 
ized by  repairs  and  alterations.  In  the  sixteenth 
and  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century,  marri- 
ages were  solemnized  in  this  chapel.  The  burial 
gi-ound  was  disused,  and  the  walls  were  in  a  state 
of  decay,  from  1736  until  1S21,  when  Dr.  Law, 
Bishop  of  Chester,  consecrated  an  additional 
piece  of  ground.  The  living  is  a  perpetual  cura- 
cy, in  the  gift  of  the  rector  of  Workington,  and 
was  returned  to  the  commissioners  for  enquiring 
concerning  ecclesiastical  revenues  as  of  the  aver- 
age annual  value  of  89/.  The  present  incumbent 
is  the  Rev.  Anthony  Dalzell,  who  was  appointed 
in  1804. 

In  1814  an  act  of  parliament  passed  for  enclos- 
ing the  townships  of  Great  and  Little  Clifton,  under 
which  allotments  of  land  were  given  in  Ueu  of 
tithes. 


2  N 


^f)c  tfavi»fi  of  ii)on0onl)8 


S  bounded  on  the  south,  by  the 

parish  of  Gosforth  ;   and  on  the 

north  and  west,  by  the  Calder, 

^  which  divides  it  from  the  parish 

'  of  St.  Bridget's  Beckermet.  With 

■  the  single  exception  of  Waber- 
;  thwaite,  this  is  the  least  populous 

■  parisli  in  the  Ward.     It  extends 
:  about  four  miles  in  length,  from 

oast  to  west,  and  from  north  to 
south,  one  nule  and  a  half  "  The  air  here  is 
particularly  pleasant  and  salubrious  ;  insomuch, 
that  a  neighbouring  physician,  eminent  both  for 
his  practice  and  knowledge,  calls  this  the  INIont- 
pellier  of  Cumberland." 

Until  the  latter  end  of  the  last  century  this 
parish  was  not  well  wooded ;  but  it  was  greatly 
improved  in  this  and  in  other  respects  by  George 
Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  who  was  high-sheriff  of 
the  county  in  1774.  The  Rev.  jNIatthew  Hall, 
in  his  account  of  this  parish,  written  for  Hutchin- 
son's (?)  Cumberland,  says : — "  This  parish  has 
been  greatly  improved  within  these  twenty 
years,  since  Mr.  Stanley  took  up  his  residence 
here,  who  is,  himself,  very  skilful  in  agriculture  ; 
and  gives  every  encouragement  to  his  farmers,  to 
prosecute  that  plan  of  husbandry,  whicli  is  most 
likely  to  turn  out  to  their  own  profit  and  advan- 


PARISH    OF    POXSONBY.  279 

tage  ;  by  which  means  his  rents  are  not  only  well 
and  exactly  paid,  but  he  has  the  satisfaction  of 
seeing  his  grounds  in  a  high  and  improved  state 
of  cultivation,  and  his  farmers  in  a  happy  and 
flourishing  condition,  several  of  whom,  the  last 
year,  had  from  500  to  1000  stooks  of  wheat 
each,  on  ground  which,  upon  JNIr.  Stanley's  com- 
ing to  the  estate,  was  entirely  covered  with  furze 
and  broom." 

The  tame  gentleman,  George  Edward  Stanley, 
Esq.,  father  of  the  present  lord  of  the  manor, 
Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  M.P.,  planted  on  his  estate 
here  "  upwards  of  one  hundred  thousand  of  dif- 
ferent sorts  of  forest  trees," — a  noble  legacy  for  his 
descendants,  as  in  too  many  parts  of  the  kingdom, 
"  the  axe  is  often  heard,  but  the  planter  is  seldom 
seen." 

The  parish  abounds  with  free-stone  ;  but  it 
produces  neither  coal  nor  limestone,  which  are 
so  plentiful  in  some  of  the  adjoining  parishes. 
"  The  scil,  in  general,  is  a  hascl  mould,  but  near 
the  sea,  a  strong  clay,  and  produces  crops  of 
wheat  and  other  gram,  inferior  to  few  in  the 
county."  Mr.  Ilousman  says  that  about  the 
latter  end  of  the  last  century,  lands  here  were  let 
for  about  155.  per  acre,  on  an  average.  Since 
that  time  they  have  been  much  improved,  and 
are  now  let  for  about  23.s'.  an  acre. 

The  Calder,  which  forms  the  northern  and 
western  boundary  of  the  parish,  is  the  only  river; 
it  is  well  supplied  with  salmon  and  trout.  Mr. 
Stanley  has  a  fishery  at  the  mouth.  This  river, 
which  flows  near  the  picturesque  ruins  of  Calder 
abbey,  is  remarkable  for  the  beauty  of  the 
scenery  presented  by  its  wooded  banks,  while  the 
2  N  2 


280        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT, 

stream  itself  is  half  hidden  by  the  luxuriant  foHage 
of  the  trees. 

The  parish  is  divided  into  two  quarters  or  con- 
stablewicks,  Ponsonby  and  Calder.  The  tene- 
ments were  "mostly  either  purchased  or  enfran- 
chised" by  George  Edward  Stanley,  Esq.  Two 
or  three  tenements  in  the  parish  of  Gosforth 
belong  to  the  manor  of  Ponsonby.  In  1792, 
there  was  only  one  pauper  in  the  parish, — an 
aged  woman,  in  her  one  hundredth  year. 

On  Infell,  a  hill  in  this  parish,  are  vestiges 
of  castrametation,  supposed  to  have  been  a 
Roman  camp  :  but  as  the  ground  has  not  been 
explored,  no  antiquities  have  been  found  to  de- 
termine its  origin. 

From  the  year  1723  to  1743,  the  number  of 
baptisms  in  this  parish  was  SO  ;  funerals,  during 
the  same  time,  57 ;  and  19  marriages.  From 
1771  to  1791,  the  baptisms  were  78;  funerals, 
38;  and  marriages,  21. 

This  parish  was  the  seat  of,  and  gave  name  to, 
the  ancient  family  of  Ponsonby,  originally  named 
Ponson,  who,  at  a  subsequent  period,  settled  at 
Hale-hall,  (see  page  56,  and  a  pedigree  in  the 
appendix.) 

The  Manor. 

The  manor  of  Ponsonby  belonged,  at  a  very 
early  period,  to  the  family  of  Ponson,  afterwards 
called  Ponsonby.  Nicholas  Stanleigh,  lord  of 
Austhwaite,  "  bought  the  manor  and  demesne  of 
Ponsonby  of  Adam  de  Eskdale,  as  appeareth  by 
deed,  anno  11th  of  king  Richard  II.,  13S8,"  since 
which  time  the  manor  has  belonged  to  his  family. 


PARISH   OF   PONSONBY.  281 

through  whom  it  has  descended  to  the  present 
lord,  Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  M.P. 

Stanley  of  Dalegarth  and  Ponsonby.* 

Arms: — Argent,  on  abend  azure,  cottiscd,  vert,  throe 
stags'  heads  cabossed,  or;  quartering  the  arms  oi  Ausihrcaite , 
Gules,  two  bars  argent,  in  chief  three  mullets  of  six  points 
pierced,  or. 

Crest: — A  stag's  head  argent,  attired  or,  collared  vert. 

Motto : — Sans  changer. 

The  family  of  Stanley  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  in  the 
kingdom,  and  occupies  an  eminent  and  conspicuous  place  in 
its  history.  Camden  mentions  them  as  having  been  of  im- 
portance for  at  least  half  a  century  before  the  Conquest. 
This  illustrious  family  is  represented  by  the  Stanleys  of  lloo- 
ton,  CO.  Chester,  liaronets.  One  branch  has  furnished  thir- 
teen Earls  of  Derby,  of  whom  many  have  been  knights  of  the 
most  noble  Order  of  the  CJarter:  the  Stanleys  of  Cumber- 
land, andtheStanleysof  Alderley  park,  co.  Chester,  Baronets, 
are  also  branches  from  the  same  stem,  (see  page  282). 

The  Stanleys  of  Cumberland  have  been  "  located  in  the 
north  for  several  centuries,  and  the  most  ancient  of  their 
estates  in  this  county  have  descended  through  an  unbroken 
succession  of  father  and  son  over  a  period  of  not  less  than 
five  hundred  years,  to  the  present  proprietor." 

Henry  Stanleigh  deStoneley  "  lived  about  forty  years  before 
the  Conquest,  and  for  some  years  after." 

Henry  do  Stanleigh,  son  of  Henry,  is  mentioned  by  Cam- 
den, as  having  large  possessions  confirmed  to  him  by  Henry 
HI. 

William  do  Stanleigh,  son  of  the  above  Henry,  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  son, 

William  de  Stanleigh,  "  who  is  stilcd  milite"  and  had  two 
sons,  William  and  Adam. 

*  A  pedigree  of  this  family,  on  parchmeut,  with  the  armorial  bearings 
of  fanulics  with  whom  they  have  intermarried,  is  preserved  at  Ponsonby 
Hall ;  it  bears  the  autographs  of  Sir  William  Dugdalo,  and  Edmund 
Knight,  Norroy. 


282         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Sir  Adam  de  Stanloigh,  the  younger  son,  succeeded  to  his 
father's  estates ;  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

Sir  Willinm  de  Stanleigh,  \vbo  was  stiled,  William deStan- 
leigh,  in  the  county  of  Stafford,  and  of  Stourton,  in  the  county 
of  Ciicster,  ^wi  furcsliire forcsta,  or  chief-ranger  in  the  forest 
of  Wirral,  by  grant  dated  1 0th  Edward  II.  131C),and  "  there- 
upon assumed  the  armorial  bearings  since  used  by  his  de- 
scendants,— three  stags'  heads  on  a  bend."  He  married  Joan, 
eldest  daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Sir  Philip  Baumville,  lord 
of  Stourton  ;  and  by  her  had  a  son  John,  who  succeeded  hira. 

John  Stanleigh,  lord  of  Stanleigh,  and  of  Stourton,  married 

Mabil,  daughter  of  Sir  James  Hansket,  kuight,  and  had  issue, 

Sir   William,   lord   of   Stanleigh    and    Stourton,    26th 

Edward  III.,  1322.     He  married  Alice,  daughter  of 

Hugh   Wassey,  of  Timperley,  co.  Chester,   and  had 

issue  three  sons: — 

1.  William,  who  succeeded  his  father  in  the  lord- 
ships of  Stanleigh  and  Stourton,  ancestor  of  the 
Stanleys  of  Ilooton,  Baronets,  the  representa- 
tives of  the  family.  He  married  Margery, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  William  Ilooton  of 
Hooton. 

2.  Sir  John,  K.G.,  second  son,  married  Isabel, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Sir  Thomas  Lathom, 
Lord  of  Lathom.  From  him  derives  the  noble 
family  of  the  Earls  of  Derby. 

3.  Henry. 

John,  ancestor  of  the  Cumberland  branch  of  this  family. 

John  Stanleigh,  second  son,  purchased  lands  at  Gres- 
withen  (Greysoulhen),  co.  Cumberland,  "and  represented 
the  city  of  Carlisle  in  parliament,  29th  King  Edward  III."* 
His  son  and  heir, 

John  Stanleigh,  of  Greswilhcn,  Esq.,   was   living  in  the 

33rd  Edward   III.        He   bought  lands  in  Erableton   and 

Brackenthwaite,  co.   Cumberland,  as   appears    by   a   deed, 
dated  A.D.  1335. 

Nicholas  Stanleigh,  of  Greswithen,  Esq.,  son  and  heir, 
married  Constance,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Thomas  de 
Austhwaite,  lord  of  Austhwaite,  now  Dalegarth,  in  the  parish 

•  There  is  some  error  here,  as  Thomaa  Stanley  occurs  as  a  burgess 
for  the  city  of  Carlisle  at  that  date. 


PARISH   OF    PONSONBY.  283 

of  Millom,  by  whom  he  became  possessed  of  that  manor,  as 
appears  by  a  deed,  dated,  A.D.  1345.  He  "bought  the 
manor  and  demesne  of  Ponsonby  of  Adam  de  Eskdale,  as 
appeareth  by  deed,  anno  11th  of  King  Richard  II.,  1388." 
lie  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

Thomas  Stanleigh,  lord  of  Austhwaite,  called  in  records, 
Stanlaw,  who  represented  the  city  of  Carlisle  in  parliament, 
25th  Henry  VI. 

Nicholas  Stanleigh,  lord  of  Austhwaite,  son  and  heir, 
appears  among  the  list  of  the  gentry  of  the  county  returned 
by  the  commissioners,  r2th  Henry  YI.,  1433.*  He  was 
living  in  1437. 

Thomis  Stanley,  of  Dalcgartli,  Esq.,  son  and  heir,  mar- 
ried Ann,  daughter  of  Sir  Richard  Iludlcston,  of  Millom 
castle,  knight,  by  whom  ho  acquired  certain  lands  called 
Hyton,  as  appears  by  deed,  dated  38th  Henry  VI.,  1437. 

William  Stanley,  of  Dalogarth,  Esq.,  son  and  heir,  married 
Alice,  daughter  of  Sir  Richard  Ducket,  knight,  and  was 
living  in  the  17th  Henry  VII.  He  was  succeeded  by  his 
son, 

Thomas  Stanley,  of  Dalegarth,Esq.,  whomarried  Margaret, 
third  daughter  of  John  Fleming,  of  Rydal,  Esq.,  and  had 
issue, 

John,  his  successor. 

Thomas,  who  was  appointed  master  of  the  mint  in  1570, 
and  obtained  from  his  father  tlie  ancient  family  estates 
of  Grcswithcn,  Emblcton,  and  Brackcnthwaite.      He 
married  Lady  Mytf'ord,  relict  of  Sir  James  Mytford, 
knight,  by  whom  he  Iiad  an  only  daughter  and  heiress, 
Mary,  who  married  tlie  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Herbert, 
second  son  of  William,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  after- 
wards created  Earl  of  I'owis. 

John  Stanley,  Esq.,  eldest  son  of  the  above  Tiiomas,  mar- 
ried Margaret,  daughter  of  Thomas  Senhousc,  Esq.,  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  son, 

Thomas  Stanley,  Esq.,  who  purchased  the  manor  of  Birkby, 
in  the  parish  of  Muncaster,  from  liis   cousin-gcrman,    the 

♦  In  the  same  list  ajipears  "  Tho  Stanley,  Abbatis  de  Wederliill," 
(Wctheral.) 


284        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Countess  of  Powis.     He  married  Isabel,  daughter  of  John 
Leake,  of  Edmonton,  Esq. 

To  this  period  the  pedigree  was  certified  by  Edmund 
Kniglit,  norroy  king-at-arms. 

Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  only  son  and  heir,  bought  (from 
Sir  Thomas  Challoner)  the  tithes  of  Eskdale,  Wasdale,  and 
Wasdale-head, — three  chapclries  in  St.  Bees,  on  the  disso- 
lution of  the  priory  which  gave  name  to  the  parish.  He 
married  Ann,  daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Thomas  Briggs,  of 
Cawmire,  co.  Westmorland,  Esq. 

John  Stanley,  Esq.,  his  successor,  was  an  active  and  zeal- 
ous niyalist,*  and  as  such  was  heavily  fined  by  the  parliament ; 
but  the  penalty  is  said  to  have  been  subsequently  mitigated. 
The  following  certificates,  which  are  still  preserved  by  his 
family,  at  Ponsonby-hall,  are  strongly  indicative  of  the 
troubled  times  on  which  he  fell. — 

L.  S. 
Whereas  it  appeareth  by  certificate,  under  the  hand  of  Mr. 
Lceck,  dated  January  the  29th,  1648,  that  John  Stanley  of 
Dalegarlh,  in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  Esquire,  hath  com- 
pounded and  paide  in,  and  secured  his  fine,  at  the  committee 
at  Gold  Smith's  hall :  these  arc  therefore  to  require  you,  on 
sight  hereof,  to  forbear  to  ofl'er  any  violence  to  his  person, 
or  to  any  of  iiis  family,  at  his  house  at  Dalegarth,  in  the 
county  of  Cumberland,  or  to  take  away  any  of  his  horses,  or 
other  things,  they  doing  nothing  prejudicial  to  the  parlia- 
ment or  army. — Given  under  my  hand  and  seal  the  1st  of 
February,  1648. 

T.  FAIRFAX. 
To  all  Officers  and  Souldiers  under 
tny  commajtd. 

L.  S.  Si.K  quarterings. 

Whereas  John  Stanley  of  Dalegarth,  in  the  county  of 
Cuniberhind,  Esquire,  hath  subscribed  to  his  composition, 
and  (laid  and  secured  his  fine,  according  to  the  direction  of 
parliament :  these  are  therefore  to  require  and  command 
you,  to  permit  and  suifer  him  and  his  servants,  quietly  to 

«  It  will  scarcely  be  necessary  to  remind  the  reader  of  a  member  of 
another  branch  of  this  family — James,  seventh  Earl  of  Derby,  who  was 
beheaded  fur  hU  loyalty,  at  BoUoa,  A.D.  iC51. 


PARISH    OF    PONSONBy,  285 

pass  into  Dalegarlh  abovcsaid,  with  their  horses  and  swords, 
and  to  forbear  to  molest  or  trouble  him,  or  any  of  his 
familie  there ;  without  seizing  or  taking  away  any  of  his 
horses  or  other  goods,  or  estate  whatsoever  ;  and  to  permit 
and  suffer  him  or  any  of  his  family,  at  any  tyme,  to  pass  to 
any  place,  about  his  or  tlieir  occasions,  without  offering  any 
injury  or  violence  to  him  or  any  of  his  family,  either  at  Dale- 
garth,  or  in  his  or  their  travells,  as  you  will  answer  your 
contempt  at  your  utmost  pcrills — Given  under  my  hand  and 
seal,  this  second  of  February,  1648. 

0.  CROMWELL. 

To  all  Officers  and  Souldiers,  and  all  others, 
whom  these  may  concern. 

Mr.  Stanley  purchased  the  manor  of  Rirker,  in  the  parish 
of  Millom,  still  holdeii  by  his  family,  and  obtained  a  grant 
from  the  crown  of  a  fair  and  weekly  market  at  Havcnglass. 
He  married,  lirstly,  Mary,  daughter  of  Thomas  Stanley,  of 
Lee,  CO.  Sussex,  Esq. ;  and  secondly,  Dorothy,  daughter  of 
Henry  Felherstonhaugh,  of  Fetherstonhaugh,  co.  Northum- 
berland, Esq. 

Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  son  and  heir,  was  one  of  the  gentle- 
men chosen  by  Charles  IL  to  be  invested  with  the  projected 
Order  of  the  Royal  Oak.  Mr.  Stanley  was  high-sheriff  of 
the  county  and  proclaimed  William  IIL  He  married 
Isabel,  eldest  daughter  of  Thomas  Curwen,  of  Sella  Park, 
Esq. 

John  Stanley,  Esq.,  son  and  heir,  bought  the  advowson  of 
the  rectory  of  Ponsonby,  with  the  tithes  and  church-lands 
thereunto  belonging,  and  valuable  estates  in  that  parish.  On 
his  marriage  (A.D.  1689)  he  built  (the  old)  Ponsonby  Hall, 
whither  ho  removed  from  Dalegarlh,  the  ancient  residence 
of  his  family.  Mr.  Stanley  married  Dorothy,  one  of  the  co- 
heiresses of  Edward  Holt,  Esq.,  of  Wigau,  co.  Lancaster, 
by  whom  he  had  issue  ihree  sons, 
Edward,  his  successor. 

John,  in  holy  orders,  rector  of  Workington,  who  marri- 
ed  Clara,  daughter  of  John  Philipson,  Esq.,  of  Cal- 
gartli,  CO.  A\'estmorland,  and  had  a  son,  Edward  (living 
1791),  «ho  married  Julia,daughter  of  John  Christian, 
Esq.,  of  Unerigg,  by  whom  he  had  several  children. 
Holt,  a  lieutenant  in  Rrigadier-Gencral  AVcntworth's 
rcgimont  of  loot,  died  unmarried,  in  the  expedition 
against  Porto  Hello. 

2  o 


286         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Mr.  Stanley  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son, 

Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  who  was  born  in  the  year  1690.  He 
married  (1737)  Mildred,  youngest  daughter  of  Sir  George 
Fleming,  Bart.,  Lord  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  who  survived  him, 
and  was  buried  in  the  south  aisle  of  the  cathedral  church  of 
Carlisle,  where  there  is  a  monument  to  her  memory.  By  his 
said  wife  Mr.  Stanley  had  issue, 

George-Edward,  his  successor. 

Dorothy,  married  to  Lieutenant  Joseph  Dacre,  eldest 
son  of  Joseph  Dacre,  Esq.  of  Kirklinton,  who  died 
without  issue  in  the  year  of  her   marriage,  and  was 
also  buried  in  the  cathedral  church  of  Carlisle. 
And  four  other  daughters,  who  all  died  unmarried. 
Mr.  Stanley  died  in  the  year  1751,  and  was  succeeded  by 
his  only  son. 

George-Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  was  born  in  March,  1748. 
He  built  the  present  mansion-house,  was  high-sheriff  of  the 
county  in  1774,  and  married  (in  the  same  year)  Dorothy, 
youngest  daughter  of  Sir  William  Fleming,  of  Rydal-hall, 
Bart.,  (who  died  in  1786,  and  was  buried  in  the  church  of 
Ponsonby,  see  monument)  by  whom  he  had  issue, 

Mildred. 

Elizabeth. 
Mr.  Stanley  married,  secondly,  in  1789,  Elizabeth,  second 
daughter  of  Morris  Evans,  co.  Middlese-x,  Esq.,  by  whom 
he  had  issue, 

Edward,  his  successor. 

George,  born  1791. 

Jane,  born  1792. 
Mr.  Stanley  died  in  1806,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest 
son,  the  present  lord  of  the  manor. 

Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  M.P.,  was  born  in  1790,  and  suc- 
ceeded to  the  estates  on  the  death  of  iiis  father,  17th  Novem- 
ber, 1806.  In  December,  1821,  Mr.  Stanley  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  William  Douglas,  Esq.,  one  of  the  judges  in  the 
East  Indies,  and  has  had  issue, 

Edward,  born  September,  1822,  ob.  1825. 

Jane. 

Mary. 

Helen  le  Fleming. 

William,  born  14ih  September,  1829. 

George-Edward,  born  21st  November,  1831. 

Henry,  died  young. 


PARISH    OF    PONSONBY.  287 

Constance. 

Douglas- Austhwaite. 
Mr.  Stanlc)'  is  a  magistrate  and  deputy-lieutenant  of  the 
county  of  Cumberland,  and  filled  the  office  of  high-sheriff  in 
1823.  lie  has  been  returned  knight  of  the  shire  for  West 
Cumberland  in  several  parliaments.  Mr.  Stanley  is  the 
twenty-fourth  in  lineal  descent  from  Henry  Stanleigh  da 
Stoneley,  "  who  lived  forty  years  before  the  Conquest." 

PoNSONBY  Hall. 

Ponsonby  Hall,  the  scat  of  Edward  Stanley, 
Esq.  M.P.,  was  built  about  the  year  17S0,  by  the 
father  of  the  present  proprietor.  It  is  situated 
about  half  a  mile  from  C'alder  bridge  ;  the  park 
is  entered  through  a  gateway,  the  pillars  of  which 
are  surmounted  by  the  crest  of  the  family.  The 
hall  is  seated  on  the  summit  of  an  eminence,  and 
commands  an  extensive  and  varied  prospect  of 
sea  and  land,  including  the  beautiful  ruins  of 
Calder  abbey,  the  "Welsh  mountains,  and  the 
Isle  of  Man.  The  entablature  of  the  portico  is 
supported  by  four  columns,  thirteen  and  a  half 
feet  in  height,  each  cut  from  one  solid  block  of 
stone.  A  very  curious  carved  oak  bed-stead  is 
preserved  here,  which  was  brought  from  Dale- 
garth-liall  (see  page  179);  the  pillars  are  massy, 
and  the  carving  is  unusually  rich.  On  the  cor- 
nice are  shields  charged  with  the  arms  of  Stanley 
quartered  with  Austhwaite ;  it  bears  the  date 
1345,  rudely  carved  on  the  back,  and  may  be 
considered  as  one  of  the  most  curious  in  the 
kingdom. 

The  ajiartments  contain  many  valuable  paint- 
ings, including  six  on  copper,  by  Holbein, — 
Henry  ^  HI.,  Ann  Boleyn,  his  queen,  Chaucer, 
Ben  Jonson,  Latimer,and  Cranmer;  JohnStanley, 
2  o  2 


288        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Esq.  the  royalist,  (see  page  2S4) ;  Sir  George 
Fleming,  Bart,  Lord  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  by  Van- 
derbank;  the  late  George  Edward  Stanley,  Esq., 
by  Opie ;  and  his  lady,  by  Romney ;  Edward 
Stanley,  Esq.,  M.P.,  by  Lonsdale ;  and  Mrs. 
Stanley,  by  Mrs.  Carpenter ;  Henry,  Lord  Vis- 
count Lonsdale ;  and  Mrs.  Dacre,  aunt  of  Mr. 
Stanley  (see  page  286). 

The  gardens  are  laid  out  with  great  taste,  and 
are  rich  in  choice  flowers  and  shrubs.  No  pen, 
however,  can  do  justice  to  the  sceneiy  on  the 
banks  of  the  Calder :  overhung  by  luxuriant  trees, 
beneath  which  winding  paths  lead  to  the  stream 
dashing  over  its  rocky  bed,  it  presents  remarkable 
combinations  of  beauty  with  grandeur,  rendering 
it  one  of  those  delightful  places  which  when  once 
seen  are  never  forgotten.  The  walks  embrace 
both  sides  of  the  river,  whose  troubled  yet  trans- 
parent waters  are  crossed  by  a  rustic  bridge. 

The  Church. 

The  church  of  Ponsonby  was  given  by  John 
Fitz-Ponson  to  the  priory  ofConishead  in  Furness. 
In  a  list  of  the  possessions  of  that  house  (  Valor 
Ecdesiusticiis,  Henry  VHL)  this  church  is  enter- 
ed as  follows : — 

Decitn'  ecclie.  de  Ponsonby  viz.  granos.  etfeni  "^ 

Ixxiij*.  m]d.  Ian'  Sc  agn'  xls.  vitul'  procell'/  £      s.      d. 
auc'  &  gallin'  iiijs.  oblac'  vijs.  viijc/.  privai'S  vij    viij    iiij 
&  rainut'  decim'  ut  in  libro  pascliali  xxiijs.C 
iiijc/.     In  tot'  } 

In  the  year  16S9,  "a  presentation  from  the 
crown  was  procured  to  this  church  as  a  vicarage. 


PARISH    OF   PONSONBT.  289 

but  afterwards  revoked,  and  there  was  none  be- 
fore that  in  the  institution  books." 

The  hving  was  certified  to  the  governors  of 
Queen  Ann's  bounty  at  91.  12s.,  viz:  6/.  paid  by 
tlie  impropriator ;  3/.  given  by  William  Cleator, 
M.  D.,  for  monthly  sermons ;    and  2.v.  surplice 

fees. 

In  1717,  it  "was  certified  that  the  said  Wil- 
liam Cleator,  abovementioned,  who  was  doctor  of 
physic,  gave  by  his  will,  100/.  to  the  minister  for 
preaching  twelve  sermons  every  year,  till  the 
impropriation  should  be  restored  to  the  church, 
and  then  to  go  to  a  school  in  the  parish.  And 
the  executors  refusing  to  pay  the  money,  the 
minister  sued  and  recovered  it  in  chancery,  with 
20/.  arrears  of  interest ;  9/.  of  this  money  was 
then  lost,  and  13/.  thereof  in  the  hands  of  the 
churchwardens  not  disposed  of.  The  rest  was 
laid  out  in  lands."* 

In  1789,  "the  income  was  22/.  besides  the 
surplice  fees,  viz.  G/.  paid  by  the  impropriator  ; 
12/.  the  rent  of  an  estate  called  Nun-house,  in 
the  parish  of  Dent,  Yorkshire,  (now  let  for  15/. 
15s.)  purchased  with  200/.  obtained  by  lot,  from 
the  governors  of  the  bounty  of  Queen  Anne,  in 
the  year  1711 ;  and  1/.  being  the  interest  of  an- 
other sum  of  200/.  obtained  also  by  lot,  in  the 
year  1780,  and  those  undisposed  of  in  lands."f 

In  the  following  year,  "  a  benefaction  of  200/. 
was  procured  by  Mr.  Stanley's  interest;  with 
which  200/.  more  was  obtained  from  the  gover- 
nors of  the  bounty  of  Queen  Anne.  In  1791, 
the  further  sum  of  200/.  fell  to  the  said  church 

•  Nicolfon  and  Bum.  t  HulcUinson, 


290        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

by  lot ;  and  on  or  before  the  25th  of  March, 
1792,  Mr.  Stanley  obtained  by  his  interest,  a 
further  benefaction  of  200/.  which  being  placed 
in  Queen  Anne's  funds,  obtained  from  the  gover- 
nors 200/.  now  making  altogether,  the  sum  of 
1200/.  which  was  laid  out  in  the  year  1793,  in 
the  purchase  of  a  freehold  and  tithe-free  estate, 
called  Green-moor-side,  situate  in  the  parish  of 
St.  Bridget  (Beckermet).  The  premises  are 
well  built,  contain  between  sixty  and  seventy 
acres  of  arable  land,  and  are  not  more  than  one 
mile  and  a  quarter  from  Ponsonby  church."* 

The  benefice  is  a  perpetual  curacy,  in  tlie  im- 
propriation and  patronage  of  Edward  Stanley, 
Esq.,  M.P.  The  resident  curate  is  the  Rev. 
Clement  Fox.  "  There  is  no  register  in  this 
parish  of  an  earlier  date  than  1723 !" 

List  of  Incumbents. 

George  Cannell,f  occurs  1723. 

1789  Matthew  Hall. 
18..   John  Gaitskell,  B.A. 
1829  John  Fleming.+ 

The  Church  of  Ponsonby,  dedicated  in  honor 
of ,  is  situated  in  the  park,  about  the  cen- 
tre of  the  parish,  and  at  a  short  distance  from  the 
hall.     It  is  an  ancient  structure,  but  has  been 

•  Hutchinson, 
f  Of  Trinity  college,  Dublin.     Mr.  Cannell  was  "so  expert  a  mathe- 
matician, that  after  he  became  blind  he  could  have  solved  any  problem  in 
Euclid.     He  performed  the  duties  of  his  church,  and  taught  a  school  in 
tie  parish,  for  many  years  after  he  lost  his  sight." 

X  Vicar  of  Llangwym,  co.  Monmouth. 


PARISH    OF    PONSONBY. 


291 


much  modernized  in  its  appearance ;    it  consists 
of  a  nave  and  chancel  of  equal  height,  with  a 
tower  and  spire  at  its  western  end,  beneath  which 
is  the  entrance.      The  chancel-arch  is  pointed, 
and  the  pulpit  and  reading-desk  are  placed  beneath 
it  one  on  each  side.     The  east  window  contains 
some  stained  glass  :— the  arms  of  "  Stanly e  and 
Bri^^'e"*  and  of  "  Hutton  and  Brigge,"  and  the 
armTand  crest  of  the  Stanley  family.     There  are 
also  some  other  fragments ;  all  of  which  appear 
to  have  been  preserved  from  an  older  building ; 
probably  some  might  be  brought  from  Dalcgarth 
hall,  which  was  the  ancient  seat  of  the  Stanleys. 
The'  old  oak  roof  has  been  recently  concealed  by 
a  new  ceiling ;  when  the  antique  windows,  of  all 
sizes  and  styles,  were  replaced  by  modern  inser- 
tions    The  tower  and  spire  were  erected  m  1 S4U, 
by  Edward  Stanley,  Esq.  IVI.P.,  the  impropriator 
and  patron  of  the  living.     The  church-yard  being 
surrounded  by  a  ha-ha-fence,  the  prospect  across 
the  park  is  unbroken  by  walls.      On  the  south- 
side  of  the  church  are  the  remains  of  a  cross ; 
little,  however,  is  now  left  to  indicate  the  pro- 
bable' period  of  its  erection. 

A  brass  plate  on  the  north  wall  ot  the  nave 
bears  this  inscription  : — 

jBjtrc  Iprtfi  tf)e  toSijr  of  fiances  patrjifUson  Daugfj^ 
trr  to  gir  CfiamaB  ff.MIjpct,  bniglit,  onr  of  tlir  most 
hoiiorab'.r  jiybc  Comufll  to  Ugngf  ficncrjiE  tl)c  bttt. 
Somr  tiimc  toyfc  of  Cfiomas  ligftc  of  craUifr.&  at  tfit 
Uac  of  i)cv  licati),  toufc  of  asaniiam  patrpcUoon,  gentleman. 

.  Edward  Stanley.  Esq.  son  of  Thomas,  married  Ann,  daughter  and 
coheiress  of  Thomas  Briggs,  Esq.  of  Caumire.  co.  Westmorland,  (see 
pag«284). 


292        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

(Soi  gabc  tfiis  tonfr  a  tsnntic  to  ]irasc,  in  gronrs  anO  yangs  of  itti, 
&  to  (rabrn  rlrbating  fianBs  ants  nus,  sinnUnglBC  to  prill  trctti ; 
anl)  tjus  at  agr  of  Ibi.  to  giabc  sfir  tolic  f)cr  hiauf, 
©oil  graiitc  tfjat  s5c  &  tor  man  mrtr,  tn  joyr  at  tfif  last  liape. 
Sfie  liBeJl  tfie  ibt.  of  jJuUi,  in  ttjt  gcie  of  our  Horli,  1&78. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  chancel  is  a  mural 
monument  of  white  marble,  bearing  this  inscrip- 
tion : — 

Here  rest  in  peace 

the  transient  Remains  of 

DOROTHY 

the  Wife  of 

GEORGE  EDWARD  STANLEY, 

of  Ponsonby-hall,  Esquire, 

the  Daughter  of 

Sir  William  Fleming 

of  Rydal-hall,  Baronet; 

She  died 

July  10—1786, 

Aged  30. 

The  remembrance  of  her  virtues, 

like  her  person 

exquisitely  amiable, 

is  stamped  upon  the  minds 

of  her  sorrowing  connexions 

in  a  character 

bold  and  indelible. 

Near  the  above  is  another  mural  monument 
which  is  thus  inscribed — 

Within 

this  Church 

are  deposited  the  remains  of 

GEORGE  EDWARD   STANLEY,  Esq. 

■with  whose  benevolence 

as  a 

Christian, 

in  all  the  social  duties  of 

Husband,  Father,  and  Friend, 


PARISH    OF    PONSONBY.  293 

■were  happily  blended 

the  refined  manners 

of  the 

Gentleman. 

He  departed  this  life, 

Nov.  17,  1806, 

Aged  59, 

transmitting  to  his  son, 

■who  with  veneration  erects  this  tablet 

to  his  memory, 

A  name  and  property, 

honorably  upheld  through  many 

a  Generation. 

On  the  same  wall,  farther  eastward,  is  a  free- 
stone tablet,  with  arms,  and  two  rude  figures,  to 
the  memory  of  Thomas  Curwen,  Esq.,  oh.  1633, 
son  of  Sir  llenrv  Curwen,  of  Workington-hall, 
knight;  the  whole  surrounded  by  a  moulding 
enriched  with  the  tooth  ornament,  of  a  much 
older  date,  and  apparently  removed  for  that  pur- 

In  the  church-yard,  on  the  south  side  of  the 
church,  is  a  gravestone,  bearing  the  following 
remarkable  inscription,  which  records  an  honor- 
able instance  of  self-denial,  well  deserving  of  being 
placed  on  record: — 

Within  this  Tomb  is  contained  all  that  was  mortal  of  JOHN  FLET- 
CHKU  of  Struddabank,  who  willingly  laid  down  His  frail  corruptible 
Body  in  the  dust,  because  he  firmly  believ'd  it  would  be  restored  to  him 
again  incorruptible  and  full  of  Glory.  As  to  liis  conversation  the  last 
Day  will  dUcover  what  manner  of  man  he  was.  He  marryed  Anne 
daughter  to  William  &  Elizabeth  Mawson,  by  y^hom  he  had  one  son ; 
Short  were  the  joys  of  his  marriage  state,  but  many.  Laborious  and  full 
of  trouble  the  Days,  of  his  widdowhood,  But  as  the  love  of  his  son  brought 
all  these  upon  him,  so  he  cheerfully  underwent  them  to  procure  for  him 
a  most  Liberal  Education  ;  Nor  was  he  disappointed  in  his  wishes,  for 
notwithstanding  the  narrowness  of  his  Circumstances,  he  gave  him  Eleven 

2  p 


294        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

years  University  Education,  and  liv'd  to  see  him  Chaplain  of  Queen's 
College  in  Oxford.  This  stone  was  placed  by  order  of  his  gratcfull  and 
sorrowfull  son,  to  perpetuate  so  rare  an  Instance  of  Paternal  affection  so 
far  beyond  the  Father's  abilities,  and  of  so  uncommon  a  Desire  in  a  man 
of  his  Education  to  Promote  Religion  and  Learning.  He  was  Bom  in 
Wasdale-Head,  liv'd  73  years,  and  dyed  on  the  5th  of  August — Anno 
Dom:  1716. 

Thus  man  lieth  down  &  riseth  not  till  y  Heavens  be  no  more. 

B  Cole,  Oxon  Feet.— 


Cijr  iJaris!)  of  ©oefortt 


ONTAINS  the  four  town- 
ships or  constablewicks  of 
Gosforth,  Boonwood  and 
Seascale,  High  Bolton,  and 
Low  Bolton.  It  extends 
about  five  miles  in  length, 
and  two  in  breadth  ;  and  is 
-»--=:— s^^-  bounded  on  the  west,  by 
the  Iri'stni^a ;  on  the  south,  by  the  parishes  of 
Dri<^g  and  Irton  ;  on  the  east,  by  the  parish  ot 
Irton  and  the  chapclry  of  Nethev-AVasdale  ;  and 
on  the  north,  by  the  parish  of  Ponsonby. 

It  appears  from  the  register  that  m  the  year 
1599,  upwards  of  one  hundred  deaths  ocurred  m 
this  parish,  which  at  that  period  contained  only 
about  GOO  or  700  inhabitants.  This  great  mor- 
tality was  probably  occasioned  by  the  plague,  as 
that  terrible  scourge  visited  several  parts  ot 
Cumberland  at  about  the  same  period. 

The  population  of  this  parish,  at  Easter,  lb40, 
was  1011,  as  taken  by  the  Ilev.  Francis  Ford 
Pinder,  M.A.  the  rector,  who  has  in  his  possession 
a  Pictish  axe  of  stone,  which  was  found  here  a  lew 
years  since  in  a  moss.  A  copper  battle-axe  was 
also  found  at  the  depth  of  four  feet  in  the  moss 
at  Bolton  Wood.  . 

This  parish,  although  not  mountainous,  has 
rather  a  high  situation ;  it  consists  chiefly  of  a 
2  p  2 


296        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

light  reel  sandy  soil,  and  abounds  \\itli  freestone. 
Neither  coal  nor  limestone  are  found  here.  The 
lands  were  enclosed  under  an  act  of  parliament 
passed  in  1810,  by  which  allotments  were  made 
to  the  rector  in  lieu  of  tithes.  By  that  act  also 
six  acres  of  land  were  allotted  for  the  purpose  of 
holding  the  two  annual  fairs  at  Boonwood ; — on 
the  25th  of  April,  for  horned  cattle  ;  and  on  the 
18th  of  October  for  foals  and  cattle. 

The  poor-stock  belonging  to  this  parish  was 
certified  in  1717,  of  the  value  of  24/.  the  interest 
of  which  was  distributed  annually  at  Easter :  25s. 
per  annum  are  now  paid  from  this  source. 

The  village  of  Gosforth,  which  is  irregularly 
built,  is  near  the  road  from  ^^llitehaven  to  Ul- 
verston,  six  miles  S.S.E.  of  Egremont,  and  five 
miles  north  of  Ravenglass.  Near  the  village  is  a 
modern  mansion — the  seat  of  Sir  Humphrey  le 
Fleming  Senhouse,  K.C.H.  and  C.B.,  a  younger 
brother  of  Sampson  Senhouse,  Esq.  of  the  Par- 
sonage, Ponsonby. 

Near  Seascale  is  the  site  of  a  Druid's  temple, 
the  stones  of  which  were  all  removed  and  buried 
by  a  person  who  farmed  the  Seascale-hall  estate, 
excepting  one  which  was  left  standing. 

The  Manor  of  Gosforth. 

Mr.  John  Denton  says,  "  above  Dregg  lies  the 
parish,  manor,  and  town  of  Gosford,  wliereof  the 
Gosfords,  an  ancient  family  in  tliose  parts,  took 
their  sirname ;  Robert  Gosford,  the  last  of  their 
house,  left  his  lands  to  be  divided  amongst  five 
coheirs ;  1  st,  Mariotte,  the  wife  of  Allan  Caddy, 
eldest  daughter  and  coheir  of  Robert  Gosford. — 


PARISH    OF    GOSFORTH.  297 

2nd,  Isabel,  the  wife  of  Henry  Ilustock,  his  second 
daughter. — 3rd,  Johan,  the  wife  of  John  Garth, 
his  third  daughter. —  1th,  Ellen,  the  wite  of  Wil- 
ham  Kirby,  his  fourth  daughter. — And  5th,  John 
Multnn,  the  son  of  Agnes  Eastholme,  the  fifth 
daughter  and  coheir  of  Robert  Gosford.  In  the 
2nd  year  of  King  Edward  III.  Sarah,  the  widow 
of  Ptobert  Leybourn,  held  Caddy's  part ;  John 
Penyston,  Kirkby's  part ;  and  the  said  John  Mul- 
ton  the  residue  ;  but  now  Pennington,  Kirkby, 
and  Senhouse  of  S°askall,  hold  it.'' 

Mr.  Robert  Copley — who  was  for  seventeen 
years  steward  to  Sir  William  Pennington  of 
Muncaster,  during  his  minority,  and  who  held 
the  office  of  chief-bailiff  of  Copeland  forest  under 
the  Earl  of  Northumberland — purchased  Kirkby's 
part,  and  is  said  to  have  "  built  a  large  handsome 
house,  with  orchards  and  gardens  suitable,"  which, 
in  177G,  were  represented  as  "much  in  decay." 

Gosforth  Hall,  which  formerly  belonged  to  the 
Gosforths  or  Ciosfords,  closely  adjoins  the  church, 
and  is  now  occupied  as  a  farm-house.  The  pre- 
sent structure  was  probably  built  by  the  Copleys, 
about  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth.      Over  an 

C 

old  chimney-piece,  in  a  knot,  are  the  initials  y>  y 

(Richard  and  Jane  Copley)  and  the  date  1673. 

The  family  of  Gosforth  became  extinct  early 
in  the  fourteenth  century  :  the  coheiresses  mar- 
ried Caddy,  Ilustock,  Garth,  Kirkby,  and  Est- 
holme,  as  stated  above. 

The  Manor  or  Bolton. 

This  manor  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  belonged 


298         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

to  the  Waybergthwaites ;  and  in  the  23rd  year 
of  that  reign  WiUiam  de  Waybergthwaiteheld  10/. 
lands  there,  of  Thomas  de  INIulton  of  Gilsland, 
and  his  land  in  M'aybergthvvaite  of  the  lord  of 
Milloni. 

In  the  35th  Henry  8.  William  Kirkby  held  the 
manor  of  Bolton  of  the  king  as  of  his  castle  of 
Egremont,  by  knight's  service,  paying  yearly  10s. 
cornage,  and  seawake,  homage,  suit  of  court,  and 
witnessman.  At  the  same  time  he  held  lands 
and  tenements  in  Gosforth  and  Cleator,  by  the 
like  homage,  fealty,  and  suit  of  court,  and  paying 
to  the  king  a  fee  farm  rent  of  8s.  for  the  lands  in 
Gosforth,  and  2*.  for  the  lands  in  Cleator ;  and 
2,v.  sea'wake,  and  also  puture  of  two  Serjeants. 

It  was  afterwards  the  estate  of  Lancelot  Sen- 
house,  whose  father  was  third  brother  of  the  house 
of  Seascales,  and  he  liad  it  by  grant  from  the 
lord  thereof,  his  brother.* 

Charles  Lutwidge,  Esq.,  (in  1777)  and  his 
younger  brothers,  Henry  and  Admiral  SkefRngton, 
were  successively  proprietors  of  this  manor.  It 
was  sold  after  the  death  of  Henry,  and  purchased 
by  the  Admiral,f  from  whom  it  descended  to  his 
nephew.  Major  Skefhngton  Lutwidge,  the  present 
lord. 

The  Manor  of  Seascale  and  Newton. 

Seascale  was  anciently  the  seat  of  the  family 
of  SenhouseJ  who  possessed  it  for  many  genera- 

•  Nicolson  and  Bum.  t  See  page  204. 

I  A  pedigree  of  this  ancient  family  will  be  given  in  Dcrwent  Ward, 
under  the  parish  of  Cross-Canonby,  in  which  they  have  resided  for  about 
a  century  and  a  half. 


PARISH    OF    GOSFORTH. 


299 


tions.     In  168S  it  was  the  seat  of  John  Senhouse, 
Esq.,  and  was  subsequently  purchased  by   Mr. 
Bhiylock,  a  Whitehaven  merchant,  whose  daugh- 
ter and  heiress  married  Augustus  Earl,  Esq.  from 
whom  it  passed  to  his  two  sisters,  cohcu-esses, 
and  eventually  to  the  Lutwidge  family.       Atter 
the  death  of  Charles  Lutwidge,  Esq.  the  manor 
of  Newton  and  Seascale  was  purchased  by  Samp- 
son Senhouse,  Esq.,  of  London,  (nephew  ot  the 
late  Humphrey  Senhouse,   Esq.,  ot  Netherhall) 
whose  younger  brother.  Sir  Humphrey  le  Fleming 
Senhouse,  K.C.IL,  C.B.,  is  the  present  lord.     The 
mansion,  Seascale-hall,  is  now  a  farm-house.     On 
the  wall  is  an  escutcheon,  cut  in  stone,   ot  the 
arms  of  Senhouse  quartered  with  Ponsonby  with 
the  initials  T.  S.  and  M.  S.  and  the  date    1G06. 
It  is  remarkable  that  the  arms  of  Senhouse  as 
put  up  here  are— party  per    pale,   argent   and 
gules,  on   the  tirst  a  parrot,  and  not  (as   now 
borne  by  the  family)  or,  a  parrot  proper. 

The  Church. 

The  benetice  is  a  rectory,  rated  in  the  King's 
Books  at  17/.  Us.  I'l.  and  was  certitied  to  the 
governors  of  Queen  Ann's  bounty  at  the  clear 
yearly  improved  value  of  35/. 

lu'the  Sth  Edward  III.,  William  Pennington, 
of  Muncaster,  Esq.,  died  seized  of  the  advowson 
of  this  church.  Afterwards,  the  patronage  ap- 
pears to  have  been  in  the  crown  ;  and  in  the  Otli 
Edward  VI.,  the  said  king,  by  his  letters  patent, 
granted  the  advowson  and  right  of  patronage  to 
Ferf'us  Greyme,  gentleman,  his  heirs  and  assigns. 
And"  in  the  Gth  Elizabeth,  March  22,  there  was 


300        ALLERDALR    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 


a  licence  to  Fergus  Greyme  to  alienate  the  same 
(holden  of  the  queen  in  cap'ite)  to  Thomas  Sen- 
house,  gentleman,  for  the  fine  of  16s.  lOr/.  paid 
into  the  hanaper. 

The  advowson  and  right  of  patronage  of  this 
rectory  and  church  was  acquired,  6th  Elizabeth, 
by  Thomas  Senhouse,  Esq.,  and  the  church  is 
now  in  the  patronage  of  Sir  Humphrey  le  Flem- 
ing Senhouse,  K.C.H.  and  C.B.  (captain  of  H. 
M.  S.  Blenheim)  as  lord  of  the  manor  of  Sea- 
scale.  On  the  enclosure  of  the  commons  (under 
an  act  passed  in  1810),  lands  were  allotted  to 
the  rector  in  lieu  of  tithes.  The  living  is  entered 
as  follows  in  the  Valor  Ecclesiastic  us  of  Henry 
VHI  :— 

Gosforthe  Rectoria  Eccl'ie. 

Edw'dus  Kcllett  incumbeiis  Rector'  p'dca. 
valet  ia  £       s        d 

Mansione  cum  gleba  per  an- ^ '   •■ 

num  S      ' '       ^ 

Decim'  granos.  vij/.  ijs.  viijrf. 
Ian'   et   agnell'    iiij/.   xiiJA'. 

minut'    et    privat'    decim''^  .  

oblac'    lit    in    libr"  ^  '    J      J 


cuni 
pascbal'   iiij/. 
In  tot' 


V1IJ5. 


)ro 
iiij(/. 


\ 


£     , 

>xviij  - 


d. 


Eepris'  viz  in 
Sinod'  ijs.  jd.  procurac'  iiij*\  \d. 

Et  valet  clare 
Xma.  ps.  iudo 


*. 
vj 
*. 


d. 

vj 
d. 


XVIJ  XUIJ  VIJ 

—  XXXV  vob' 


List  of  Rectors. 


Edward  Kellett,  occurs,  1535. 


1662  John  Benn. 
1676  Thomas  Morland. 


PARISH    OF   GOSFORTH.  301 

1738  Peter  Murthwaite. 

1774  Charles  C.  Church. 

1809  Henry  Bragg,  oh.  1827. 

1827  James  Lowther  Senhouse,  M.A.* 

1835  Francis  Ford  Pindar,  M.A.f 

The  Church  of  Gosforth,  a  remarkably  neat 
structure,  dedicated  in  honor  of  St.  Mary,  under- 
went a  very  extensive  repair,  a  considerable  por- 
tion having  been  rebuilt,  in  1789,  by  which  nearly 
all  its  marks  of  antiquity  were  effaced.  It  consists 
of  a  nave  and  chancel,  of  equal  height.      The 
western  end  is  surmounted  by  a  bell-turret  (carry- 
ing two  modern  bells),  which  formed  part  of  the 
old  building,  and  bears  the  date   1654.      The 
chancel-arch  also  remains:    it  is  pointed;    the 
piers  are  Norman,  with  grotesque  heads,  and  the 
architrave  may  be  of  the  time  of  the  second  or 
thiid  i:dward.     The  chancel   extended  several 
yards  farther  eastward,  until  the  alterations  were 
effected  in  1789.     The  windows  are  all  modern 
and  barbarous  in  design.     The  bell-turret  stood 
formerly  at  the  east  end  of  the  nave,  and  was  at 
that  time  removed  to  its  present  position.      The 
church  is  crowded  with  three  galleries ;    that  at 
the  west  end  contains  an  organ.      The  font  is 
uncanonical  both  in  size  and  situation, — it  is  not 
sufficiently  capacious,  and  it  is  placed  near  the 
altar,  (sec  pages  132—135).     In  an  old  chest  on 
the  staircase  is  a  black  letter  copy  of  the  Book  of 
Homilies,  folio,  1G33.     The  registers  commence 
in  1571. 

•  Of  Trinity  College,  Camtridgc ;   resigned  in  1836 :    now  vicar  of 
Sawlcy,  CO.  Derbysliire. 

t  Of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 

2    Q 


302        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

The  only  monument  in  the  church  is  one  on 
the  north  wall  of  the  chancel, — a  marble  tablet, 
with  this  inscription  : — 

CATHERINE 

youngest  daughter  of 

Robert  Allan,  of  Eclinliurgh,  Banker,  and 

Wife  of  Charles  Pahker,  of  Parknook, 

Died  the  11th  of  February  1825, 

Aged  thirty-nine. 

'■Blessed  are  the  dead  which  die  in  the  Lord." 

Rev.  14  c.  13  V. 

In  the  church-yard,  on  the  south  side  of  the 
church,  is  a  cross  of  British  or  Danish  origin.* 
It  is  fourteen  feet  in  height ;  and  about  fourteen 
inches  mean  diameter ;  the  lower  part,  which  is 
fixed  in  a  pedestal  of  three  steps,  is  rounded,  but 
the  upper  part,  being  rather  more  than  half  the 
length,  is  nearly  square.  The  summit  is  perforated 
with  four  holes.  "  The  four  sides,  are  enriched 
with  various  guilloches,  and  other  ornaments, 
besides  several  figures  of  men  and  animals  in  bas- 
relief ;  it  is  remarkable  that  the  figure  of  a  man 
on  horseback  on  the  north  side  is  repeated  upside 
down,  and  another  is  represented  in  the  same 
manner,  on  the  west  side."  There  was  formerly 
"  a  fellow  column,  at  about  seven  feet  distance, 
with  an  horizontal  stone  between  the  two,  on 
which  was  rudely  cut  the  figure  of  a  large  and 
antique  sword.  This  stone  has  been  taken  away 
within  memory  [in  1799];  and  the  cross  which 
crowned  the  two  columns,  after  that  column  was 
cruelly  cut  down  and  converted  into  a  style  for 
a  sun-dial,  was  put  into   the  parson's  garden  of 

•  Engraved  in  Lysons's  Magna  Britannia,  and  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  1790. 


PARISH    OF    GOSFORTH.  303 

Gosforth  and  there  remains."*  On  the  column 
which  was  destroyed  were  two  indistinct  "figures 
of  horses  and  men."  The  cross  and  the  pillar 
were  probably  placed  at  each  end  of  a  grave,  at 
some  very  remote  period,  like  the  two  pillars  in 
the  church-yard  of  Penrith  (see  vol.  i.  Leath 
Ward,  page  57). 

The  present  rector,  the  Rev.  Francis  Ford 
Pinder,  M.A.  has  in  his  possession  fragments  of 
one  or  two  other  crosses,  supposed  to  have  been 
found  in  different  parts  of  the  church-yard.  They 
appear  by  their  workmanship  to  have  been  erected 
at  least  at  as  early  a  period  as  before  the  Con- 
quest ;  and  are  probably  portions  of  the  cross 
which  was  destroyed. 

The  church-yard  is  kept  in  good  order :  neither 
nettles  nor  rubbish-heaps  are  allowed  to  offend 
the  eye  within  the  consecrated  enclosure.  Two 
aged  yew-trees  stand  to  the  east  of  the  church. 
The  church-yard  affords  an  extensive  prospect, 
terminating  iu  tlie  east  by  a  magnificent  mountain 
range.  The  rectory-house  is  a  pleasant  residence, 
closely  adjoining  the  church-yard. 

•  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Oct.  1799. 


2  Q  2 


Ctie  13ari0t)  of  St.  J»ritjgct, 


HE  parish  of  St.  Bridget, 
Beckermet,  is  of  a  long 
narrow  shape,  extending 
east  and  west  nearly  eight 
miles,  hut  its  breadth  in 
no  pai't  exceeding  one  mile 
and  a  half.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  south-east  by  the 
'Calder,  which  divides  it 
from  the  parish  of  Pon- 
sonby ;  on  the  west,  by  the  Irish  sea ;  on  the 
north,  by  the  parishes  of  Hale  and  St.  John's,  and 
on  the  east,  by  the  mountains  ofCopeland  Forest. 
The  parish  is  not  divided  into  townships  :  it  con- 
tains part  of  the  villages  of  Beckermet  and  Cal- 
der-Bridge,  and  the  hamlets  of  Yotton-Fews, 
Sella-Field,  and  Skalderskew. 

The  soil  of  the  western  part  of  this  parish  is 
light  and  fertile  ;  but  towards  the  east,  nearer  the 
fells,  it  is  cold  and  barren.  Neither  lime  nor  coal 
are  found  here,  but  the  parish  contains  some 
quarries  of  free-stone.  At  tlie  latter  end  of  the 
last  century  the  rents  of  the  land  in  this  ])arish 
averaged  only  15.^.  per  acre.  There  is  a  salmon- 
fishery  at  the  mouth  of  the  Calder.  Sella-field 
tarn,  in  this  parish,  is  a  small  lake,  containing 
perch  and  other  fish.     Towards  the  eastern  ex- 


PARISH   OF    ST.    BRIDGET.  305 

tremity  of  the  parish  are  Cald-fell  (the  source  of 
the  Calder)  and  AVasdale-fells,  which  afford  pas- 
ture for  hirge  flocks  of  sheep. 

The  following  is  Mr.  Sandford's  account  of  this 
parish  : — "  Two  miles  southward  you  have  the 
little  river  of  Cawdcr,  a  pretty  stone  bridge  but 
of  one  arch,  and  a  church  upon  the  hill  above  it, 
and  the  said  river,  a  little  above  the  bridge,  com- 
ing thoroogh  the  abbie  of  Cawder,who3e  ruins  shew 

their  antiquity  and   and  sometime  after 

the  fatal  fall  of  Abbies,  this  came  into  the  liands 
and  possession  of  the  late  judge  Ilutton  of  the 
Comon  pleas  [?]  and  he  exchanged  it  with  Monsr. 
Kighlcy  of  Yorkshire,  for  Goldsborow  in  York- 
shire, a  little  i'rom  Wetherby :  where  the  said 
judge  Hutton's  name  and  fame  hves  at  this 
day."* 

The  Manor  of   Great  Beckermet 

Is  so  called  to  distinguish  it  from  the  manor  of 
Little  Beckermet,  in  the  adjoining  parish  of  St. 
John.  Tliis  manor  has  constantly  attended  the 
demesne  of  the  barony  of  Egremont ;  it  was 
the  property  of  the  late  Earl  of  Egremont,  by 
whom  it  was  bequeathed,  with  his  other  Cum- 
berland estates,  to  his  son,  Major-Gencral  Henry 
Wyndham,  of  Cockermouth  castle,  the  present 
lord. 

One  estate,  however,  called  Calder  lordship,  in 
which  the  church  is  situated,  is  held  under  the 
Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

•  MS.  Dean  and  Chapter  Library,  Carlisle. 


306      allerdale  ward,  above  derwent. 
Sella  Park. 

Sella  Park  is  an  ancient  retired  mansion-house, 
one  mile  and  a  half  from  the  mouth  of  the  Calder. 
This  was  formerly  the  property  of  the  monks  of 
the  adjoining  abbey  of  Calder,  who  had  here  a 
deer-park.  On  the  dissolution  of  chantries.  Sella 
Park  was  granted  to  Sir  Henry  Curwen,  of  Work- 
ington, knight,  (knight  of  the  shire  6th  Edward  VI. 
and  1st  Elizabeth)  whose  gi'andson  Darcy  Curwen, 
Esq.  built  the  present  dwelling,  now  occupied  as 
a  farm-house.  Having  been  purchased  from  that 
family  by  George  Edward  Stanley,  Esq.  of  Pon- 
sonby-hall,  it  is  now  the  property  of  his  son, 
Edward  Stanley,  Esq.  M.P. 

Mr.  Sandford  speaks  of  it  as  "  a  pretty  house 
called  Scella  park  hall ;  But  neither  parke  nor 
deer  about  it,  but  brave  sport  with  riding  and 
striking  of  fflounders  and  other  fish,  with  fishers 
in  the  shallow  river  running  brood  upon  the  sand; 
which  sport  I  myself  have  been  at ;  and  have 
seen  two  men,  one  at  either  end  of  the  nett,  the 
tide  coming  upon  the  sands,  wade  into  the  sea 
with  a  nett  of  a  great  compass,  till  the  waves  have 
stroke  above  their  sholders,  so  as  you  could  see 
nothing  but  their  heads,  and  bring  forth  some- 
times pretty  store  of  salmon,  codlins,  killings,  and 
other  fishes,  and  sometimes  nothing."* 

The  Church. 

The  church  of  St.  Bridget  was  appropriated  to 
the  adjoining  abbey  of  Calder,  previous  to  the 

•  MS.  Dean  and  Chapter  Library,  Carlisle. 


PARISH    OF   ST.    BRIDGET.  307 

year  1262.  Until  the  dissolution  of  that  abbey, 
this  parish,  and  those  of  St.  John's  and  Arlecdon, 
(see  page  16,)  were  under  the  spiritual  care  of 
the  monks  of  that  house.  On  the  dissolution  of 
religious  houses,  the  parish  was  left  nearly  desti- 
tute, as  the  revenues  of  tlie  church  were  not 
restored,  but  granted  to  the  Flemings  of  Rydal : 
so  that  from  this  time  until  about  the  year  1S38, 
tbe  adjoining  parishes  of  St.  Bridget  and  St.  John 
were  under  the  spiritual  care  of  one  curate,  who 
officiated  in  each  church  alternately.  In  the 
time  of  Bishop  Bridgman,  who  held  the  see  of 
Chester  from  1619  to  1657,  these  two  parishes 
paid  synodals  and  procurations  jointly  ;  but,  since 
that  time,  they  have  been  exempt,  "by  reason  of 
their  poverty."  The  church  of  St.  Bridget  was 
certified  to  the  governors  of  Queen  Ann's  bounty 
of  the  clear  annual  value  of  11. 

John  Fleming,  Esq.  gave  the  church  of  St. 
Bridget  to  Sir  Jordan  Crossland,  knight,  on  his 
marriage  with  his  daughter;  whose  daughters 
and  coheiresses  sold  it  to  Richard  Patrickson,  Esq. 
It  afterwards  passed  to  the  families  of  Todd  and 
Gaitskell;  and  in  IS  10,  was  purchased  by  Thomas 
Irwin,  Esq.  of  Calder  abbey. 

The  living  is  not  entered  in  the  I'alor  EccJesi- 
asticus  of  Henry  \TII.  excepting  as  being  appro- 
priated to  Calder  abbey. 

This  church  is  detached  from  the  village  of 
Beckermet ;  from  which  it  is  distant  about  half 
a  mile  south-west.  It  stands  in  a  lonely  situation, 
and  although  not  on  a  low  ground,  yet  scarcely  a 
house  can  be  seen  from  the  church-yard.  The 
church  is  an  ancient  edifice,  but  like  many  others 
in  this  county,  its  antiquity  has  been  carefully 


308         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

concealed  by  modernizing  improvements.  It  con- 
sists of  a  nave  and  chancel :  at  the  west  end,  over 
the  entrance,  is  a  bell-turret,  carrying  two  bells. 
The  chancel-arch  is  pointed,  with  plain  mould- 
ings ;  beneath  it  are  placed  the  pulpit  and  read- 
ing-desk. There  are  no  monuments  in  the  interior. 
The  oak-roof  was  covered  about  the  year  1S08, 
by  a  plaster  ceiling,  as  dazzling  as  white-wash 
can  make  it.  This  is  probably  the  concluding 
improvement.  At  the  same  the  church  was  pewed. 
The  south  porch  has  been  destroyed — probably 
under  the  idea  that  it  was  no  longer  necessary  to 
have  an  appendage  to  the  churcli  which  modern 
religious  utilitarians  consider  as  convenient  only 
for  scraping  shoes  in.  There  was  formerly  a 
narrow  square-headed  door  on  the  south  side  of 
the  chancel :  this  is  blocked  up ;  as  also  two 
windows  of  two  round-headed  lights  each,  under 
square  dripstones. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  church-yard  are  two 
stone  pillars,  in  close  juxtaposition,  each  fixed 
in  a  large  flat  stone  ;  the  lower  part  of  each  is 
round,  the  upper  part  square  :  one  of  them,  five 
feet  eight  inches  high,  is  ornamented  with  the 
double  guilloche,  so  common  among  the  Roman 
architectural  ornaments ;  the  other  with  an  elegant 
double  scroll,  enriched  with  foliage  on  the  east 
side  :  and  on  the  west,  are  the  remains  of  an  inscrip- 
tion, apparently  Saxon,  but  in  too  decayed  a  state 
to  afford  any  satisfactory  conjecture  as  to  its 
import ;  it  is  probably  only  a  fragment,  as  the 
upper  part  of  each  of  these  pillars  is  broken  off.* 

A  new  church  is  now  being  erected  at  Calder- 

•  Lysons. 


PARISH   OF    ST.   BRIDGET. 


309 


Bridi^c,  in  this  parish,  at  the  sole  expence  of 
Thoinas  Irwin,  Esq.  of  Calder-abbey.  The  lo- 
cahty  of  the  old  church  being  very  inconvenient 
for  the  parishioners,  IMr.  Irwin  has  been  induced 
to  erect  another  in  a  more  central  part  of  the 
parish.  It  is  in  the  form  of  a  cross,  and  has  a 
tower  with  four  pinnacles  at  the  end.  The  wm- 
dows  are  narrow  lancets.  It  is  in  a  crowded  site-, 
and  has  no  room  for  a  burial  ground. 

Calder  Abbey, 

Caldcr  abbey  was  founded  A.D.  1134,  by 
Ranulph  de  Meschincs  (the  second  of  that  name), 
for  monks  of  the  Cistercian  oidcr,*  and  dedi- 
cated (as  was  usual  with  houses  of  that  order)  in 
honor  of  the  blessed  Virgin  Mary.  Leland 
speaks  of  it,  as  "  Caldher  abbey  of  whyte  monks 
yn  Copcland,  not  very  far  from  St.  Beges  and 
nere  to  Egremont  Castle."  Mr.  John  Denton 
says,  "  howbcit,  I  think  it  was  not  perfected  till 
Thomas  de  Multon  linished  the  Avorks,  and  cstab- 
Ushed  a  greater  convent  of  monks  there." 

This  was  a  filiation  from  the  abbey  of  St.  Mary, 
in  Furness,t  and  West's  "Antiquities  of  Furness" 
contains  the  following  account  of  the  proceedings 

•  There  nppcus  to  have  been  only  one  olhcr  religious  house  of  that 
erdcrinthc  county -the  abbey  of  Molmc.C.lUam,  uhose  very  ruins 
have  been  most  disgracefully  pilfered  away,  leaving  only  a  portion  of  tho 
nave,  which  is  now  fitted  up  as  a  parish-church. 

t  The  riih  abbey  of  Furness  had  under  her  nine  houses,  four  of  which 
were  filiations  from  that  monastery  :-l,  Calder  abbey  ;  2.  Swinshcad. 
or  Swynsheved  abbey,  in  Lincolnshire ;  3,  tho  abbey  of  Uussin,  m  Man  ; 
4,  Fennoi,  in  Ireland  ;  5,  Ynes;  G,  Holy  Cross;  7,  Wythuca;  8,  Cork- 
onrouth;  9.  Yncfclughcn;  with  Arkclo,  and  BeUo-Bccio. 

2    R 


310        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

of  those  who  detached  themselves  from  that 
monastery. — Ceroid,  abbot  of  Calder,  having 
been  "  detached  from  the  abbey  of  Furness,  anno 
35  Hen.  I.  with  twelve  monks,  to  found  the  ab- 
bey of  Caldre,  in  Coupland,  in  the  county  of 
Cumberland,  which,  as  has  been  observed,  they 
had  by  the  gift  of  William,  nephew  to  David, 
king  of  Scots,  and  where  they  remained  four 
years,  when  David,  making  an  inroad  into  those 
parts.  Ceroid  with  his  brethren,  returned  for 
refuge  to  the  mother  monastery,  in  Furness. 
This  happened  about  the  third  of  king  Stephen. 

"  The  abbot  of  Furness  refused  to  receive 
Ceroid  and  his  companions,  reproaching  them 
with  cowardice  for  abandoning  their  monastery, 
and  alleging  that  it  was  rather  the  love  of  that 
ease  and  plenty  which  they  expected  in  Furness, 
than  the  devastation  of  the  Scottish  army,  that 
forced  them  from  Caldre.  Some  writers  say,  that 
the  abbot  of  Furness  insisted  that  Ceroid  should 
divest  himself  of  his  authority,  and  absolve  the 
monks  from  their  obedience  to  him,  as  a  condi- 
tion of  their  receiving  any  relief,  or  being  again 
admitted  into  their  old  monastery.  This,  Ceroid 
and  his  companions  refused  to  do,  and  turning 
their  faces  from  Furness,  they,  with  the  remains 
of  their  broken  fortune,  whicli  consisted  of  little 
more  than  some  clothes  and  a  few  books,  with 
one  cart  and  eight  oxen,  taking  providence  for 
their  guide,  went  in  search  of  better  hospitality. 

"  The  result  of  their  next  day's  resolution  was 
to  address  themselves  to  Thurstan,  archbishop 
of  York,  and  beg  his  advice  and  relief:  the  re- 
ception they  met  witli  from  him,  answered  their 
wishes  ;  the  archbishop  graciously  received  them. 


PAniSII    OF   ST.    BRIDGET.  311 

and  charitably  entertained  them  for  some  time, 
then  recommended  them  to  Gundrede  de  Auhii^- 
ny,  ^vho  sent  them  to  Robert  de  Ahieto  her 
brother,  a  hermit,  at  Ilode,  where  she  supplied 
them  with  necessaries  for  some  time.  Ceroid 
afterwards  went  to  Serlo,  abbot  of  Savigni,  who 
received  his  depcndance  on  that  house,  anno 
1142;  but  dying  at  York  on  his  return,  Roger, 
one  of  his  companions  from  Caldre,  succeeded 
him  in  his  abbacy. 

"  The  abbot  of  Furness,  understanding  that 
Ceroid  had  obtained  a  settlement  at  Ilode,  in 
the  east  riding  of  Yorkshire,  sent  another  colony, 
with  Hardred,  a  Furness  monk,  for  tlieir  abbot, 
to  settle  at  Caldre.  After  Roger  had  quitted 
Hode,  and  obtained  a  seat  at  Byland,  Hardred 
abbot  of  Caldre  challenged  a  jurisdiction  over  his 
house  at  Byland,  in  right  of  filiation,  as  belong- 
ing to  the  abbey  of  Caldre,  from  whence  they 
had  departed ;  but  after  some  altercation.  Hard- 
red  renounced  all  right  to  Roger. 

"  The  al)l)ot  of  Furness  still  claiming  a  sub- 
jection from  Roger  and  his  monks,  the  question 
was  at  last  submitted  to  a  reference,  of  which 
Aldrcd,  abbot  of  Reival,  was  umpire  ;  when  in 
presence  of  several  ab!)ots  and  monks,  of  different 
monasteries,  judgment  was  given  against  the 
abbot  of  Furness." 

The  possessions  of  the  abbey  at  an  early  period 
will  api)ear  from  the  following  confirmation  of 
grants  by  Henry  H. 

Iloiiricus  rox,  ^-c.  salutcm.  .Sclatis,  nos  intuitu  Dei  ct 
pro  sahiUc  aniiiiai  noslroe  ct  aniniiiruni  aiitcccssorum  et 
hsDioiliim  iKisUrmini,  coiicossissp  ct  liac  carta  nostra  CDnfir- 
massc  alibati  ct  indnatliis  <lc  Kaldra,  omncs  terras  ct  tcne- 
meuta  subscripla;  viz.  Ex  doni)   Kadulphi  McscLiiii  terrain 

2  R  2 


312        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE   DERW'ENT. 

de  Kaldra,  cum  pertinentiis  suis,  in  qua  abbatia  de   Kaldra, 
fuudata  est;  ct  Bemertonc  ct  Ilolcgaie,  cum  omnibus  perti- 
nentiis suis;  ct  unam  mansurara   in  buigo  do  Egrcmount; 
et  duas  Salinas  de  Withane  ;    et  piscaiiam  dc  Derweiit;    et 
piscariam  de  Egrc  ;  et  pascua  ad  omnia  aniraalia  eorum   in 
foresta  ipsius  lladulphi,  quantum  cis  opus  fuerit;  ct  ca  quae 
necessaria  fuerint  salinis  ct  ])iscariis  suis,  et  wdiiiciis  dorao- 
rum  suarum,  et  poicis  suis  sine  pasnagio,  per  totara  terram 
prajdicti  Radulplii,  sicut  suis  propriis. — E.\:  done  Johannes 
filii  Adse  ct  Matlliei  fratris  ejus,  totam  tenam  de  Stavencrge 
cum  pertinentiis  suis. — Ex  dono    Roberti   Bonekill    unam 
carucatam  terras  in  Par\o  Gillpcruz,  quani  Radulphus  cleri- 
cus  de  Karl'  tenuit,  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  suis  ;    et   12 
acras  et  unam  perticatam   terras   in   Minori   Giliccruz  ;    et 
unam  acram   prati   quod   est   inter   Minorem   Gillecruz  ct 
Majorem  Gillecruz  ;  et  pasturam  ad  20  boves  et   12  vaccas 
et  6  equos  cum  sequoia  eorum   unius  anni. — Ex.  dono   Ro- 
geri  fiiii  Willielmi,  totam  terram  quam  habet  in  Ikelinton  et 
Bracharapton,  et  totam  partem  quam  habet  in  molendino  de 
Brachampton. — Ex  dono    Richardi   de     Lucy,    medietatem 
molendini  de  Ikelinton,  cum  tola  sequela  ad  ipsam  medieta- 
tem molendini  pertinente. — Ex  dono   Beatricis  de    Molle, 
quinque   bovatas    terrae    cum   pertinentiis   suis   in    Minori 
Gillecruch,  et  quartern  partem  molendini  de  Majori  Gille- 
cruch. — Ex  dono  Thomce  filii  Gospatricii  unum  toftum  sex 
perticarum  &  quartae  partis  unius  perticatac  in  longitiidine  et 
quatuor  in  latitudine  in  Wirkintone  ;  et  20  Salraoncs  annua- 
tim  ad  festum  Saucti  Johannes   Baptistae  ;    et  unum  rete  in 
Derewent,   inter  pontem  ct  mare. — Ex  dono   Thomtc  de 
Moleton   medietatem  villae  de  Dereham  in   Airedale,  cum 
advocationc  ccclesiae  ejusdem  villae,  ct  cum  omnibus  aliis 
pertinentiis  suis.     Quare  volo,  &c.  quod  praedicti  abbas  et 
monachi  ct  eorum  successores  habeant  et   teneaut  omnes 
terras  et  tenementa  preedicta,  bone  ct  in  pace,  libere  et  in- 
tegre,  cum  omnibus  libortatibus  et  liberis  consuetudinibus 
ad  praedictas  terras  et  tenementa  portinentibus,  sicut  cartae 
prcedictornm  donatorum    quas    indc    l:abent    rationabiliter 
testantur.      Iliis  testibus;    II.  de  Burgo,  S.  de  Sedgrave, 
Philippe  de  Albini,  Radulpho  lilio  Nicholai,   Godefrido  de 
Caucrumbc,  G.  Dispensatorc,  M.  de  Capella,  ct  aliis.  Datum 
apud  Wcstmonastcrium  19  die  Aprilis.* 

In  the  year  1262,  the  churches  of  St.  John 

•  Dugd.  Mon.,  i.  774. 


PARISH   OF   ST.   BRIDGET.  313 

Baptist,  Beckermet,  and  St.  Michael,  Arlecdon, 
were  appropriated  to  this  abbey  ;  as  stated  in  the 
following  extracts  from  the  register  of  Godfrey 
de  Ludham,  archbishop  of  York : — 

Concessio  abbatis   &.  convcntus  de  Cnklra  quod  archiepisc. 
ordiiiet  de  ecclesiis  de  Bckeimct  &.  Arlokedcne. 

Reverendo  in  Christo  patri  Godefiido  Eboracensi  nrcbi- 
episcopo  Aiiglisc  primati  dcvoti  obediential  filii  Willielraus 
Dei  palicntia  abbas  de  Caldra,  et  cjusdem  loci  cnnveutus, 
salutem  reverentiam,  &  honorcm.  Licet  in  ecclesiis  saticti 
Johannes  Baptistoc  de  Bechcrmet,  k  sancti  Micli;clis  de 
Arlokedene  in  Cou[iland  jus  habeamus  j)atronatus,  cum 
cxinde  nullus,  vel  rarus  iVuetus  provenit,  cum  propter  preces 
magnatum,  provisiones,  &  alia  varia  (juae  obsistunt,  nobis 
cum  vacaverii't,  libera  facultas  non  suppotat  presentandi. 
Immo  dum  quorundam  prccibus  annuimus,  &  inviti,  aliorum 
frequenter  multorum  indignationcm  incurrimus,  Sc  niagno- 
rum :  idcoquo  paternitati  vcstroe  reverendte,  devote  sup- 
plicamus,  quatinus  do  prwdictis  ecclesiis  ordinationemfacere 
vclitis  purpetuo  duraturam,  per  quam  commodum  monas- 
terio  nostro  accrescat,  &  archidiaconatui  Hichemundiac,  ad 
quern  institutiones  sequestra  ccclosiarum  vacanlium  pertinent 
&.  collatio  posset  ex  causis  variis  pertincre.  Nos  autem 
ordiuationem  quam  feceritis  de  predictis  ecclesiis  gratam 
habebimus,  &  acceptam,  &  impcr[)etuum  observabinuis,  & 
scripti  nostri  munimine  conlirmabimus,  Ji  facicmus  f'uturis 
tcmporibus  inviolabitcr  obscrvari.  In  cujusrei  testimonium 
prx'senti  scripto  sigillum  nostrum  duximus  apponendiim. 
Datum  mense  Novembris  anno  domini  MCCIxij. 

Ordinatio  archicpiscopi  super  ecclesiis  predictis. 

Universis  presentes  literas  inspecturisG.  Dei  gratia  Ebor- 
accnsis  archiepiscopus,  Anglioo  primas,  salutem  in  domino 
sempiternam.  Dilccti  lilii  abbas  do  Caldra,  Jsc  ejusdem  loci 
conventus  Cisterciensis  ordinis,  ccclcsias  sancti  Johannis 
Baptistaj  de  Bechirmet,  &  sancti  Michaelis  do  Arlokedene 
in  Coupland  arcbidiaconatu  Biclicmundiac,  nostra  dioccsi, 
comraiserunt  nostra;  ordinationi  pcrpetuo  duraturae,  in 
quibus  licet  jus  obtincant  patronatus,  rarus  tamen,  vel 
modicus  eis  exindc  fructus  pervcnit,  cum  eis  non  suppetat, 
praiscntandi  libera  facultas,  propter  preces  potentum,  pro- 
visiones, k  alia  varia  quae  obsistunt.  Nos  igitur  corum  votis 
anauentcs,  de  prsediutis  ecclesiis  taliterordmamus;  videlicet 


314        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

quod  ccclesia  sancti  Johannis  de  Bcchirmct,  quee  domui  de 
Calilia  iJidpinqiia  &  ]iaiofhia:  sancia;  Bridgitlse  quani  habent 
conticua,  i|isis  assigriaviinus  ])ost  dccessu:n  vcl  cessionem 
Willu'lnit  lunu-  rrclidis,  in  usiis  jiroprios  convertendam,  & 
per|ictii()  ictincndaiu,  lit  per  hcc  clcmosina  domus  aiigeatur, 
&  CniivciiUis  siistoiitatio  am|'licliir.  Et  quia  j  er  hoc  in  sc- 
qucslris,  institulicmibiis,  tf  coilalionibus,  qiice  variis  acciderc 
possciU,  iioii  dclrahalur  jiiii  arehidiacoiii  KiclicmiindiaB  :  ia 
recompcnsationcai  horum.  rcelcsiam  de  Ailokedcne,  post 
decessuiii,  vel  cessiimeni  Alani,  qui  cam  nunc  tenet,  ordina- 
mus  archidiaconatui  lore  perpeiuo  annexani,  Sf  in  ususarchi- 
diacdui  ciinvcrtendam,  qui  nullum  in  Cou|ilaiid  habetrccep- 
tacukiin,  cum  i|  sum  oporleat  Sf  sues  ofl'iciales  ad  partes 
illas,  ]ier  loca  fabulosa,  Sf  a.juarum  inundationes,  Sf  varias 
tcnipcstates  accedere  pii)  causis  discutiendis  Sf  excessibus 
cngn"sei'ndis,^-c.irrigiiidis,  iuliabcnsi'cce])laculuraproprium 
libel  ius  ^- 1  lenius  excerceal  ca  quae  nil  curani  poitinent  aiiima- 
runi,  qi;u!  in  traiisiiu  fieri  cunumide  nun  valerent.  Et  ut 
liacc  noslra  ordinalio  rata  Sf  stabilis  im|  erpeluum  perseveret 
earn  sigiUi  imstri  muniiiiine  duximus  ruburandam.  Actum 
apud  Oawode  xiiij.  kaiendas  Januarii  anno  Domini  MCClxij. 

Sir  John  le  Fleming',  of  Bcckcrniet,  knight, 
ancestor  of  tlie  Flemings  of  Ilydal-hall,  Westmor- 
land, gave  lands  in  Great  Beckermet  to  this 
abbey,  in  the  2(ith  Henry  III.,  1212.  He  died 
duiing  that  long  reign,  and  was  buried  in  the 
abbey.  It  was  either  he  or  his  father  who  gave 
the  rectory  and  advowson  of  the  church  of  St. 
John  to  this  abbey. 

Cicely,  Countess  of  Albemarle  and  lady  of 
Co)  eland  (daughter  of  \\'illiam  Fitz-Duncan, 
Earl  ot  INIuriay,  son  of  Duncan,  brother  of  David, 
King  of  Scotland),  made  a  confirmation  to  the 
house  of  Chaldra  (Calder)  and  the  monks  there, 
of  Chaldra,  Bemerton,  and  Holgate,  a  manse 
(mansuram)  in  the  borough  of  Egrcmont,  two 
salt-pans  in  ^^'ithoue,  one  fishery  in  the  Derwent 
and  another  in  the  Kgre,  with  sufficient  pasture 
in  her  forest,  and  all  things  necessary  for  their 


PARISH    OF   ST.    BRIDGET.  315 

salt-pans,  fisheries,  houses,  and  swine,  without 
pannage — all  which  possessions  and  privileges 
were  granted  to  that  house,  by  her  great-grand- 
father, Ranulph  de  Meschines — and  to  whicii  she 
added  in  this  charter  the  gift  ofStovenerge,  with 
its  appurtenances,  in  free  alms  for  ever,  and 
whatever  had  been  granted  to  them  in  the  charters 
and  writings  of  former  donors  ;  and  all  privileges 
they  had  enjoyed  under  her  ancestors,  particularly 
soc  and  sac,  toll  and  them,  and  infangenthef. 

The  witnesses  to  this  charter  are — "  Rob. 
ostabulario  .  Ysaac  d.  scheftling  .  Symone 
d.  scheftlig  .  Willo.  d.  chirtelig  .  Willo.  d. 
scheftling     .     Thoma  capellano  comitisse."* 

William  de  Esseby  and  Ilectred  his  wife,  for 
the  health  of  their  own  souls,  of  the  souls  of  their 
parents,  and  of  tlieir  lord,  William,  Earl  of  Albe- 
marle,f  and  of  liis  wife  Cicely,  and  of  Ingelram, 
the  earl's  brother.  Sic.  gave  to  Almighty  God  and 
the  Blessed  Virgin,  and  to  the  abbey  of  C-haldra, 
in  free  alms,  Beckcremet  and  its  aj)purtenances, 
as  well  in  waters  as  pastures,  with  the  mill  and 
the  fisliery  in  the  Ehgena.  The  deed  is  signed 
by  the  following  ecclesiastics,  in  the  adjoining 
parishes: — "Ricardus  prior  de  Sancta  Bega; 
Robertus,  presbyter  de  Puncuncsby ;  Rogerus, 
presbyter  de  Egremund ;  Jurdanus,  persona  de 
Goseford ;    Ricardus,  filius    Osberti    de    Sancta 

•  From  an  ancient  charter  (published  in  Archaologia  jEliand)  tho 
original  of  which  was,  in  1830,  "in  the  possession  of  William  John 
Charlton,  of  Hesleyside,  Esq.,  and  came  into  his  family,  in  IGSO,  by  the 
marriage  of  his  great-great-grandfather,  with  Mary,  daughter  of  Francis 
Salkeld,  of  Whitehall,  in  the  parish  of  All-Ilallows,  in  Cumberland, 
Esq." 

t  Husband  of  the  above-named  Cicely,  lady  of  Copcland. 


316        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Brigida ;  Ricardus,  ejusdem  ecclesie  vicarius ; 
Ketel,  filius  Vlf."* 

Richard  de  Boisville,  (whose  name  does  not 
occur  in  any  pedigree  of  the  family  we  have 
seen)  in  hke  manner  gave  to  the  abbot  of  Caldra 
and  the  monks  serving  God  there,  nine  acres  of 
land  in  his  part  of  Caldretun,  with  common  of 
pasture  and  other  appurtenances.  The  witnesses, 
including  many  of  the  neighbouring  ecclesiastics, 
are — "Robtus.  decanus  .  Robt.  psbr.  de  'pun- 
chunebi.  .  Robt.  psbr.  d.  Egremd.  .  Ricard. 
psbr.  d.  becchiremd  .  Wills,  de  boisuilla  .  Jobs, 
fili.  ade  .  Alexand.  fill,  ade  .  Gilebtus.  fr. 
ei.  .  Gilebt.  de  boisuile  .  Woldef  de  beckir- 
meth  .  Ada.  fili.  Kctelli  .  yuuain  de  Hale, 
et  mlti.  alij."f 

The  three  preceding  charters  bear  no  date. 
Another,  preserved  as  above,  states  that  John  de 
Hudleston,J  in  the  15th  Edward  I.,  granted  to 
the  abbey  of  Caldra  pasture  for  four  horses,  and 
for  six  cows  and  their  calves  of  one  year's  old,  and 
for  forty  sheep  and  their  lambs  until  one  year's 
old,  in  the  common-pasture  of  Milnum,  on  condi- 
tion of  not  keeping  a  greater  quantity  of  cows, 
horses,  or  sheep  as  appendages  to  their  salt  pans 
there,  saving  to  the  monks  there  the  other  pri- 
vileges granted  to  them  in  the  charters  of  his 
ancestors ;  and  further  granting  to  them  that 
their  place  for  carrying  on  their  salt  works,  at 
Sandslof,  should  contain  two  acres,  and  that  thev 
might  turn  the  Ruttanpul  on  such  manner  that 
it  should  do  no  injury  to  their  said  works.    Wit- 

•  From  an  nncicnt  charter,  as  slated  in  p.  315.  f  Ibid. 

X  'iliij  must  be  Sir  Julin  Iludlc^ton,  knight,  sec  pp.  155, 15G. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BRIDGET.  317 

nesses — "Dno.  Robto.  de  hauerington  .  Willmo. 
de  Betham  .  'Willmo.  de  Thiiaytes  .  Jolie. 
Corbet  .  Johanne  de  Morthing.  et  aliis.  Dat, 
apud  Milnuni  in  mense  aprilis  Anno  Rcgni  Reg. 
Edvvardi  filii  Reg.  Henr.  quintodecimo." 

Another  document,  preserved  as  above,  is  very 
curious,  being  an  assignment  made  in  1291,  by 
John,  son  of  John  de  Hudleston,  of  ^Villiam,  son 
of  Richard  de  Loftscales,  formerly  his  native,  with 
all  his  retinue  and  chattels,  to  the  abbot  and 
monks  of  Caldra.  "  It  is,  in  fact,  that  species  of 
grant  of  freedom  to  a  slave,  which  is  called  ma- 
numission implied,  in  which  the  lord  yields  up  all 
obligation  to  bondage,  on  condition  of  the  native 
agreeing  to  an  annual  payment  of  money  on  a 
certain  day.  The  clause,  '  so  that  from  this  time 
they  may  be  free,  and  exempt  from  all  state  ser- 
vitude and  reproach  of  villainage  from  me  and 
my  heirs,'  is  very  curious,  especially  to  persons 
of  our  times,  in  which  there  has  been  so  much 
said  about  the  pomp  of  Eastern  lords,  and  the 
reproachful  slavery  in  which  their  dependents  are 
still  kept.  Here  the  monks  of  Caldra  redeemed 
a  man  his  family  and  property  from  slavery,  on 
condition  of  his  paying  them  the  small  sum  of 
two-pence  a  year.  The  Hudleston  family  were 
seated  at  JNIillum,  in  the  time  of  Henry  the  Third, 
when  they  acquired  that  estate,  by  the  marriage 
of  John  de  Hudleston  with  the  lady  Joan,  the 
heiress  of  the  Boisville  family.  Slavery  continued 
to  thrive  on  the  soil  of  Northumberland  long  af- 
ter the  time  of  Edward  the  First:  for  in  1470, 
Sir  Roger  ^^'iddrington  manumitted  his  native, 
William  Atkinson,  for  the  purpose  of  making  him 

2  s 


318         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 


his  bailiff  of  Woodhorn."*  The  witnesses  to  this 
deed  are — Willmo.  Wailburthuait  .  Willmo. 
Thuaites  .  Johe.  de  inordling  .  Johe.  Cor- 
bet    .     Johe.  de  Halle  et  ahis." 

The  possessions  of  this  abbey  are  thus  entered 
in  the  Valor  Ecclesiastictis,  26th  Henry  VHI. 
1535:— 

^hbathia  de  Cauder. 
Ric'us  abbas  ib'm. 


Com'  Cumbr'. 


=fV^  £■    s.    d.- 
s   »c  \ I  ,   

idm  ^ 


Templia. 
Valet  in 
Situ  abbathie  pdce.  cum  gar- 

dinis  pomar'  pvis.  claus' 

molend'iiifrapcint.'ejusdi 

abbathie  p.  annu. 
Dnijs.  terr'  &  tent',  villis  k"^ 

villat'  subscript'  vis.  dnii.   i 

de  Cauder  xiijA  villa  de 

Ponsaby  xiijs.  'm]d.  Bra- 

shaw    xviijs.    Bekarraent  | 

xxvjs.  \'n]d.  Pycheyng  x,«.  ^xlv  xv  — 

Egremund'  iijs.vj(^.ButtylI 

et  Mellom  iiij/.   villa  de 

Drege  l.xxiijs.  iiijt?.  villa  de 

Deram  viij?.  iij*.  vjrf.  villa 

deGylcrouseviij/.vjs.viije?. 

Yklyngton  cs.     In  tot' 

Com'  Combr'. 

Sp'ualia. 

Valet  in 
Decim'  capelle  See.  Brigide 
viz  in  aven'  ordeo  &  silig' 
xls.  Ian'  xxvjs.  \i\]d.  agn' 
xiiijs.  auc'  &;  gall'  xs.  ob-  \. 
lac'  tribz  diebz  principa- 
libz  vj«.  minut'  4c  privat' 
decim'  ut  in  libro  pas- 
chali  xlf.    la  toto 

•  Archffiologia  ^liana. 


£       s.       d 
)>xlviij  XV    — 


vj  xvj  VllJ 


PARISH    OF   ST.    BRIDGET. 


319 


oci.  joms  VIZ 

ct    siliginis  ^ 

jgn'  viij*.  laii'V 

oblac'    tribzv^ 

c'et/ 

t'etW 

ibro^ 


Decim'  ecclie.  Sci.  Johis  viz 
aven'    ordij 
xxvj*.  viijf?.  agn' 
xiiijs.    iiij(Z. 

diebz  principal'  va\  auc'  et/ 
gallin'  iij.f.  viijc?.  mimit' 
privat'  decim'  ut  in  libr 
paschal'  xxx«.     In  toto 

Decim'  ecclie.  de  Cleter'  viz 
aven'  ordei  &  siliginis 
xxxixs.  Ian'  xjs.  viijc?.  agn' i 
vjs.  auc'  k  gallin'  iijs.  ixc^. 
oblac'  tribz  diebz  prenci- 
palibz  iiijs.  minut'  &  pri-l 
vat'  decim'  ut  in  libro 
paschal'  xxs.     In  tot' 


luj  vij  viij 


£ 
^xv 


s. 

viij 


d. 
ix 


iiij  luj    V 


Sma.    omi'.   tempaliu.   &  sp'ualiu. 
abbathic  pdce. 


Ixiiij   iij      ix 


se&c  ^ 
c  p.  > . 

U}d.  ^ 


XllJ 


d. 
'i'j 


Eepris'. 

Lib'a  Firma  viz.  in 

Liba.  firma.  dno.Rs.ballo.  de  Gilcrowsse  &c 
Deram  vj.5.  viijrf.  abbat'  de   Holme 
liba.  firma  de  Calder  p.  annu.  vjs.  vi 

Pens'  &  Sinod'  viz  in 

Pens' solut' vicar' dc  Gylcrowsse  per  com- ^  £       *.       d. 
poss'  liij«.   iiijrf.  sinod'  &  pcurac'  pro  >  —    Ixiiij     v  ob' 
ecclis.  predict'  xj5.  jd.  ob'     In  tot'         3 

Feod'  viz  in 


Feod'  Thome  Lamplcw  sen.  terr'  xxvj». 
viij</.  Thome  Dachaund  sen.  cur'  xiij*. 
iii^d.  Willi.  Ponsonby  balli.  monaster' 
Ixvjs.  viijii.  Johis.  Dawson  balli.  de 
Deram  xxs.  Johis.  Adason.  balli.  de 
Gyelcrowse  xxs.     In  tot' 


£ 


d. 
viij 


2    S   2 


320         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT, 


Elemos'  viz.  in 
Elemos'  dat'  quatuorpaupibz. 
senio  et  infirmitate  gra- 
vat'  diatim  existent'  infra 
abbathiam  ex  fundac'  fund 
singli.  eos.  capiet'.  ad  vict' 
et  restitu.  xxs.  In  tot' 
Consili.  elemos'  dat'  &.  dis-" 
tribut'  paupibz.  in  festo 
Sci.  Luce  Evangiliste.  p. 
aiabz.  fundat'  ex  antiqua 
fundac'  ut  in  precio  uni' 
bovis  xiijs.  iiijtZ.  et  in  Cena  K 
Dni.  paupibz.  ut  in  pcio. 
panis  4c  allic'  rubeis  &. 
albis  ic  in  argent'  pneris 
e.\  antiqua  fund'  fundat' 
xxxvjs.  viijt^. 

Sma.  repris' 


Et  valet  clare 


£     s.   d. 
iiij 


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1 
a- 


Xma.  ps.  inde 


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xiiij 
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iij  ob' 
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— 

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xjq' 

The  dissolution  of  Calder  abbey,  it  is  probable, 
occurred  in  1536,  when  Henry  VIII.  dissolved 
about  3S0  of  the  lesser  houses.  The  revenues  of 
this  abbey  were  valued  by  Dugdale,  at  50l.9s.3d.; 
and  by  Speed,  at  64/.  3s.  dd.  By  letters  patent, 
dated  26th  July,  in  the  30th  of  his  reign  (1538), 
that  king  granted  to  Thomas  Leigh,  L.L.D.*  and 
his  heirs,  "  the  demesne  and  site  of  the  late  abbey 
or  manor  of  Calder,  and  the  church,  steeple,  and 


•  Probably  this  is  he  who  was  one  of  the  commissioners  for  risiting 
the  monasteries  in  the  four  northern  counties. 


V:h:.'. 


:«  Tv*  V.I  •';• 


t    ■»     ♦     ♦    « 


;  Jit  ^'^  ^^J 


'  t  i 


:*  :Z*  id*  ir'  V 


322        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

takes  its  name.  The  ruins  are  approached  from 
Calder-Bridge  by  a  pleasant  walk  on  the  banks 
of  the  river,  well  shaded  by  majestic  trees,  and 
rendered  more  agi'eeable  by  the  dashing  of  the 
transparent  water  over  its  rocky  bed. 

At  a  short  distance  from  the  w-est  end  of  the 
abbey  stands  the  porter's  lodge,  which  has  a 
gateway  terminating  in  two  pointed  arches. 
Of  the  west  front  little  more  than  the  Norman 
door-way  now  remains, — one  of  small  dimensions, 
with  three  shafts  on  each  side,  supporting  a 
circular  arch  with  plain  mouldings,  excepting 
the  exterior  one,  which  is  enriched  with  the 
elliptic  arched  ornament.  The  nave  is  late  Nor- 
man ;  the  south  side  is  entirely  gone,  not  even 
the  foundations  are  left,  to  determine  whether 
it  had  a  side  aisle.*  The  north  side  remains : 
it  is  divided  from  the  aisle  by  five  pointed  arches 
with  flat  mouldings,  springing  from  circular  piers 
beautifully  festooned  with  ivy  and  honeysuckles. 
The  conventual-church  formed  a  cross,  having 
north  and  south  transepts,  with  a  tower  at  the 
intersection.  Great  part  of  the  tower  remains, 
and  the  weather-mouldings  of  the  roofs  shew  them 
to  have  been  high  pitched.  It  is  supported  by 
four  lofty  pointed  arches. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  choir  are  four  arched 
recesses  :• — one  of  them  forms  a  door-way  to  a 
side  chapel ;  the  other  three  having  been  used 
as  sedilia,  where  the  officiating  priests  sat  during 
the  chanting  of  the  Gloria  in  excelsis,  and  some 

•  Two  prints,  published  about  forty  years  since,  represent  the  nave  as 
then  having  both  north  and  south  aisles.— But  perhaps  little  dependence 
can  be  placed  on  these  as  authorities. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BRIDGET.  .  323 

other  parts  of  the  church  service.  The  east  end 
is  entirely  gone  ;  and  if  it  extended  no  further 
than  the  walls  now  standing,  the  choir  has  been 
very  small,  with  no  side  lights,  and  must  have 
been  lighted  solely  by  the  three  lancet  windows, 
which,  in  all  probability,  surmounted  the  high 
altar. 

"  There  are  the  remains  of  cloisters  on  the 
south  side,  sufficient  to  show  them  to  have  been 
beautiful  specimens  of  Early  English."  A  little 
to  the  north-east  of  the  ruins  are  the  remains  of 
a  large  oven. 

The  situation  of  the  abbey  is  well  suited  for  a 
life  of  retirement  from  the  bustle  and  business  of 
the  world  :  "  soothed  by  the  unseen  river's  gentle 
roar,"  the  monks  might  here  indulge  in  medita- 
tion and  study,  undisturbed  by  all,  until  Dr.  Leigh 
cast  his  eye  upon  the  pile,  and  obtained  a  grant 
of  it  from  the  eighth  Harry. 

How  often  has  this  consecrated  edifice  resound- 
ed with  the  vocal  chant  and  the  pealing  organ,  and 
echoed  the  solemn  strains  of  Te  Deum,  the  ./«- 
h'llatc  Deo,  and  other  parts  of  the  church  service ; 
at  other  times  the  hush  of  midniglit  has  been 
made  more  impressive  by  funeral  obsequies,  when 
the  De  ProfuiuUs  was  chanted,  and 

"  through  the  glimmering  aisle  faint  misereres  died.'' 

"  How  much  of  all  that  men  most  value  must  have 
been  sacrificed  to  raise  this  pile  !  How  much  of 
thought,  and  science,  and  rare  intellect  concentred 
on  every  part !  How  many  generations  have  dwelt 
beneath  the  shadow  of  this  temple,  uplield  its 
worship,  added  to  its  splendour,  and  so  engraven 
upon  the  very  stones  their  witness  to  the  truth 


324         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

of  that  invisible  world,  of  which  they  are,  in  every 
part,  the  symbol  and  the  type." 

A  modern  mansion-house  has  been  erected  on 
the  south  side  of  the  ruins,  occupying  the  site  of 
the  conventual  buildings  :  the  dining-room  is  said 
to  be  on  the  site  of  the  refectory.  This  is  the 
residence  of  Thomas  Irwin,  Esq.  who  is  building, 
at  his  sole  expence,  the  new  church  at  Calder- 
Bridge.  It  is  much  to  be  lamented  that  a  little 
more  taste  had  not  been  displayed  in  building 
this  mansion  in  a  style  of  architecture  suited  to 
itslocality.  On  approaching  the  abbey  it  forms  the 
most  conspicuous  object,  and  great  portions  of 
the  venerable  and  "  time-honoured"  pile  are  hid- 
den from  sight.  Mr.  Irwin  preserves  the  ruins 
in  excellent  order. 

A  slab  near  the  south  transept  has  the  follow- 
ing inscription  in  Lombardic  capitals : — Hicjacet 
(/ompiiiis  Rohertiis  de  Wiliighhij  Abbas  de  Caldra, 
ci/Jiis  (in'ume  propicicfur  Dens. 

Another  slab  has  this  fragment  of  an  inscrip- 
tion, R'tcardus  Gra de  Kendale 

In  the  north  transept  are  three  effigies  of 
knights,  in  mail  armour  and  surcoats,  veiy  much 
mutilated ;  two  of  them  having  shields :  one 
charged  with  . . .  lions  rampant,  and  a  label  of 
five  points ;  the  other  is  fretty.  The  latter  is 
probably  the  effigy  mentioned  by  Sir  Daniel 
Fleming,  who  says  that  in  his  time  (in  the  seven- 
teenth century)  here  was  "  a  very  ancient  statue 
in  free-stone  of  a  man  in  armour,  with  a  fi'ett  (of 
six  pieces)  upon  his  shield,  lying  upon  his  back, 
with  his  sword  by  his  side,  his  hands  elevated  in 
a  posture  of  prayer,  and  his  legs  across ;  being  so 
placed  probably  from  his  taking  upon  him  the 


PARISH   OF   ST.    BRIDGET. 


cross,  and  being  engaged  in  the  holy  war.  Which 
statue  was  placed  there  most  probably  in  memo- 
ry of  this  Sir  John  lo  Fleming,"  (see  page  314) 
who  was  a  benefactor  to  the  abbey. 


2  T 


HIS  is  the  most  extensive 
and  populous  parish  in  the 
county,  includmg  the  large 
and  opulent  town  of 
AMiitehaven ;  the  five 
chapelries  of  Hensingham, 
Ennerdale,  Eskdale,  Was- 
dale-Head,  and  Nether- 
Wasdale  ;  and  the  town- 
ships of  St.  Bees,  Enner- 
dale, Ennerdale-High-End,  Eskdale  and  ^^'asdale, 
Hensingham,  Kinneyside,  Lowside-Quarter, 
Nether-Wasdale,  Preston-Quarter,  Rottington, 
Sandwith,  "N^'eddicar,  and  Whitehaven. 

It  extends  ten  miles  along  the  coast,  and 
reaches  far  inland,  so  that  some  of  its  chapelries 
are  ten  and  fourteen  miles  distant  from  the 
mother-church. 

Tiie  parish  takes  its  name  from  Bega,  an  Irish 
saint,  the  founder  of  the  monastery  of  St.  Bees, 
and  in  whose  honor  the  church  was  dedicated.* 

"  When  Rcga  sought  of  yore  the  Cumbrian  coast, 
Tempestuous  winds  her  holy  errand  cross'd  : 
She  knell  in  prayer — the  waves  their  wrath  appease; 
And,  from  her  vow  well  weighed  in  Heaven's  decrees, 
Rose,  where  she  touched  the  strand,  the  Chantry  of  St.  Bees." 

•  Sec  further  particulars  respecting  St.  Bega  under  the  account  of 
the  priory  at  a  subsequent  page. 


PAKISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  .  327 

The  rocky  coast  about  St.  Bees  Head  and  the 
valley  of  St.  Bees  are  well  described  in  an  expen- 
sive work,  little  known  in  this  county,*  from 
which  we  make  the  extracts  in  the  subjoined 
note.f 

•  Daniel's  Picturesque  Voyage  round  Great  Britain, 
t  "On  returning  to  the  sea-shore  we  were  pleased  with  the  re-appearajice 
of  a  description  of  coast  that  we  had  been  strangers  to  since  ■we  qmttcd 
North  Wales,  consisting  of  tremendous  precipices  of  naked  rock.  About 
half  a  mile  to  the  westward  of  the  abbey  rises  the  south  of  St.  Bees  Head. 
This  promontory  is  formed  by  the  western  face  of  a  huge  hill,  which  rises 
to  the  height  of  about  500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  sloping  down 
with  a  steep  declivity  till  it  tenninates  in  a  precipice,  varying  from  one 
hundred  and  fifty  to  two  hundred  feet  iii  height,  and  projecting  into  the 
sea  like  a  vast  semicircular  bastion.  Its  whole  length  extends  rather 
more  than  two  miles,  and  when  seen  from  the  sea  it  has  a  very  magnifi- 
cent effect,  awing  the  mind  with  its  vastness,  and  the  turns  of  its  preci- 
pices, and  the  signs  of  violence  and  ruin  impressed  upon  its  shattered 
front  by  the  battering  of  the  waves.  The  rock  of  which  it  is  composed 
is  a  red  sand-stone,  in  horizontal  strata  of  enormous  thickness,  and  inter- 
sected at  irregular  intervals  by  thin  layers  of  white  sand-stone.  In  places 
the  red  face  of  the  cliff  is  thickly  marked  with  stripes  of  this  white  stone, 
and  has  a  curious  appearance,  not  unaptly  compared  by  our  guide  to  fat 
and  lean  on  a  joint  of  beef.  The  rock  is  seamed  all  over  by  vertical  fis- 
sures, which,  with  the  horizontal  divisions  of  the  strata,  cut  it  into  square 
blocks,  loosely  held  together,  and  often  thrown  down  in  prodigious  heaps 
as  the  sea  undermines  it  at  the  base. 

"  This  promontory,  together  with  a  narrow  hilly  tract,  ruiming  from  its 
north  end  as  far  as  Whitehaven,  was  once  an  island,  which  is  mentioned 
in  some  ancient  records  by  the  title  of  Preston  Isle.  It  is  now  connect- 
ed with  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  valley,  one  extremity  of  which  opens 
into  the  sea  near  St.  Bees,  and  the  other  into  the  small  bay  of  White- 
haven. This  valley,  though  now  verdant  and  fruitful,  was  without  doubt, 
at  no  very  remote  period  the  bed  of  the  sea.  The  surface  of  it  in  its  whole 
length  is  uniformly  flat  and  even,  and  the  soil  at  a  trifling  depth  com- 
posed entirely  of  sand  and  >hel  s.  A  few  years  ago  an  anchor  was  dug 
up  in  it  of  a  size  which  proves  th.it  the  channel  was  navigable  for  vessels 
of  considerable  burthen.     It  is  not  known  at  what  time  this  revolution 

2  T  2 


328         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

The  village  of  St.  Bees  is  situated  in  a  deep 
valley  about  foui-  miles  south  from  Whitehaven, 

took  place,  but  it  must  have  been  prior  to  the  foundation  of  St.  Bees' 
abbey,  which  stands  within  the  mouth  of  the  valley.  St.  Bees'  abbey  is 
said  to  have  been  founded  about  G50.  The  retreat  of  the  sea  does  net 
appear  to  have  been  aided  by  any  assistance  of  art,  which  indeed  would 
have  been  unprolitably  employed  in  this  instance,  for  the  difficulties  op- 
posed to  navigation  by  the  loss  of  this  channel  are  by  no  means  compen- 
sated for  by  the  recovery  of  the  land.  With  certain  winds,  vessels  sailing 
either  to  or  from  Whitehaven  are  much  hampered  in  rounding  the  head, 
and  in  rough  weather  are  subject  to  delays  which  might  be  avoided  were 
a  passage  open  for  them  round  the  back  of  the  promontory.  It  has  been 
thought  very  practicable  to  cut  a  new  channel  for  the  sea  through  this 
valley,  and  though  the  expense  of  such  a  work  would  be  great,  it  would 
be  well  bestowed  in  facilitating  the  trade  of  such  a  port  as  Whitehaven. 

"  We  made  a  trial  of  walking  along  the  base  of  the  Head,  intending  to 
■work  our  passage  round  it,  but  the  fragments  of  rock  that  are  strewed  in 
rugged  heaps  along  the  shore  rendered  the  task  impracticable,  at  least 
on  one  pair  of  legs.  Near  the  south  end  there  has  lately  occurred  a  most 
awful  fall  of  the  rocks,  a  segment  from  the  whole  front  of  the  cliff  of 
many  thousand  tons  having  given  way,  and  now  forming  a  stupendous 
pile  of  ruins  thrown  together  in  the  wildest  disorder,  and  threatening 
another  crash  as  you  gaze  upon  them.  The  rocks  lie  in  vast  blocks, 
squared  and  placed  with  a  regularity  as  if  done  by  human  art,  and  the 
whole  mass  might  be  supposed  the  ruins  of  a  castle,  of  a  magnitude  it 
must  be  confessed,  suitable  only  for  a  race  of  giants. 

"  Ascending  to  the  summit  of  the  Head  we  walked  (with  perfect  safely 
let  me  say  to  those  who  would  follow  us)  along  the  edge  of  the  precipice 
till  we  came  to  a  singular  ravine  intersecting  the  clilffrom  top  to  bottom, 
the  sides  almost  perpendicular  and  meeting  at  their  bases.  Thesca  flows 
into  it  for  a  few  yards  over  a  beach  noted  for  the  beauty  of  its  pebbles. 
From  the  north  side  of  this  chasm  we  had  a  fine  view  of  the  precipice  to 
the  south,  which  exhibited  a  very  grand  front,  sometimes  broken  by  hol- 
lows and  overhanging  crags,  and  in  places  as  smooth  and  perpendicular 
as  a  wall. 

"We  proceeded,  frequently  peeping  over  the  precipice,  to  tremble  at 


PARISH   OF    ST.    BEES.  329 

and  neai-  the  rocky  promontories  anciently  called 
the  cliff  of  Baruth,  and  now  known  as   St.  Bees 

its  depth  or  note  some  change  in  the  configuration  or  posture  of  the  rocks, 
till  our  particular  admiration  was  called  forth  by  Cloven  Barf  (I  iJiink 
that  was  the  name),  a  rude  and  enormous  column,  separated  from  the 
summit  of  the  cliff  by  a  cleft  about  12  feet  wide  and  GO  feet  deep.  The 
rock  at  its  base  is  so  much  broken,  that  it  appears  to  stand  very  inseciurely 
and  ere  long  the  huge  mass  must  come  thundering  down.  A  crazy  plank, 
not  more  than  a  foot  wide,  was  tlirown  across  the  chasm,  a  pass  for  the 
boys  in  their  attacks  upon  the  sea-mews'  eggs.  •        •        • 

"  .\t  the  most  northern  point  of  the  promontory  the  cliffs  rise  to  a  great 
height  and  from  thence  to  its  termination  east  are  hollowed  out  into  a 
series  of  deep  recesses,  with  huge  buttresses  projecting  between  them, 
presenting  an  endless  variety  in  the  forms  of  the  broken  rocks,  which 
roughen  their  multiplied  precipices.  Near  the  east  are  some  large 
quarries,  which  have  been  worked  to  a  great  extent.  The  stone  has  the 
advantage  of  being  very  easily  cut,  but  the  quality  of  softness  wliich  re- 
commends it  to  the  quarriers  andmasons,  rather  unfits  it  for  the  purposes 
of  building.  It  hardens  on  exposure  to  the  air,  but  when  first 
used  is  very  susceptible  of  injury  from  rain.  It  is  a  practice  in 
Whitehaven  to  rub  over  the  houses  built  of  this  stone  with  oil,  which 
entirely  spoils  the  beauty  of  its  colour,  but  is  found  materially  to  preserve 
its  substance. 

"  St.  Bees'  Head  is  far  loftier  than  any  of  the  neiglibouring  hills,  and 
jutting  out  at  least  a  mile  beyond  the  line  of  coast  on  each  side  of  it,  is 
rendered  a  very  conspicuous  object,  easily  distinguished  and  identified 
by  seamen  at  a  great  distance.  From  its  northern  side  a  steep  descent 
leads  down  to  a  lower  slip,  but  still  at  a  considerable  elevation  above 
the  sea,  the  country  continuing  to  the  northward  in  a  series  of  gentle 
wavy  hills,  beautifully  smooth  and  rounded,  their  broad swellingsurfaces 
unvaried  by  trees  or  hedgerows,  but  covered  witli  corn.  They  are  of 
extraordinary  value,  fruitful  on  the  surface,  and  containing  within  them 
inexhaustible  beds  of  coal.  Some  of  them  yield  stone  for  building,  and 
limestone  of  a  very  pure  quality,  which,  and  as  a  manure,  gives  fertility 
to  the  whole  country  round.  They  terminate  along  the  shore  in  a  range 
of  low  cliffs,  composed  principally  of  white  sandstone,  between  the  strata 
of  which  appear  at  intervals  thin  layers  of  a  shattcry,  slaly  stone,  with 
veins  of  coal.     Those  cliffs,  from  the  inconipactncss  of  their  structure. 


330         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Head.  The  village  is  "  a  place  distinguished, 
from  very  early  times,  for  its  religious  and  scho- 
lastic foundations  :"  having  been  the  seat  of  a 
monastery  from  a  very  remote  period,  and  in  later 
times  distinguished  by  its  Clerical  Institution  and 
the  Grammar  School  of  Archbishop  Grindal, — 
there  is,  perhaps,  no  other  place  in  the  north  of 
England,  of  an  otherwise  unimportant  character, 
the  name  of  which  is  so  well  and  so  generally 
known.* 

have  suffered  more  than  common  injury  from  the  violence  of  the  sea, 
and  along  their  whole  lines  have  a  most  ruinous  appearance.  The  chore 
is  strewed  with  fragments  tumbled  together  in  vast  heaps  at  their  base, 
and  here  and  there  a  detached  mass  shews  itself  above  the  sea,  beyond 
low  water  mark.  They  rise  to  a  considerable  height  immediately  south 
of  Whitehaven,  where  they  are  remarkable  for  the  intermixture  of  rocks 
that  appear  on  the  surface.  The  main  rock  is  white  sand-stone,  alterna- 
ting with  strata  of  red  sand-stone,  and  intersected  by  frequent  layers  of 
slate  and  coal.  The  face  of  the  cliif  at  this  point  is  singularly  broken, 
being  divided  by  seams  and  fissures  of  all  inclinations,  and  composing  a 
pile  of  fragments  veiy  insecurely  held  together,  with  masses  projecting 
from  it  of  various  forms,  and  in  various  threatening  postures.  Portions 
of  the  rock  arc  continually  falling,  and  the  whole  body  is  in  so  infirm  a 
state,  that  a  slight  concussion  is  able  to  bring  it  in  heaps  to  the  groimd. 
Some  guns  standing  on  a  fort  above  it  are  now  never  fired,  the  shock  of 
the  explosion  having  been  found  sufficient  to  dislodge  these  tottering 
rocks.  Two  poor  women  were  dashed  to  pieces  here  about  two  years 
ago,  by  a  falling  fragment,  which  they  had  brought  down  by  imprudently 
picking  away  some  coal  that  lay  under  it." 

•  In  the  library  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Carlisle  is  the  following 
curious  account  of  the  discovery  of  a  giant  at  St.  Bees  : — 

"A  true  report  of  Hugh  Hodson,  of  Thorneway,  in  Cumberland,  to 
St  Rob.  Cewell  [qy.  Sewell]  of  a  Gyant  fotmd  at  S.  Bees,  in  Cumb'land, 
1601,  before  X\  mas. 

"  The  said  Gyant  was  buried  4  yards  deep  in  the  groimd,  W^h  is  now 
a  com  feild. 

"  He  was  4  yards  and  an  half  long,  and  was  in  complete  armour  ;  his 
sword  and  battle-axe  lying  by  him. 


^J\  M 


1 


,-  s:.v._.« 


332         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Avhich  serves  to  supply  the  steam-engines  em- 
ployed in  the  collieries  with  water.  From  this 
basin,  as  from  a  centre,  the  little  river  issues  in 
two  directions.  The  one,  taking  its  meandering 
course  by  the  Church,  &c.,  falls  into  the  ocean 
at  St.  Bees  ;  the  other,  being  towards  White- 
haven, where,  for  about  a  mile  from  the  harbour, 
it  is  arched  over,  passing  under  the  market  place, 
and  then  mingles  with  the  ocean  in  the  harbour. 

The  Priory  of  St.  Bees.* 

A  small  nunnery  was  founded  here  about  the 
year  650  by  Bega  an  Irish  saint,f  from  whom 
the  parish  takes  its  name,  and  where  a  church 
was  subsequently  erected,  dedicated  in  honor  of 

"  During  this  time,  large  heaps  of  earth  were  falling  from  the  sides, 
and  water  gushing  out  in  an  amazing  abundance ;  the  water  also  was 
sometimes  forced  a  considerable  height  above  the  vortex,  or  gulph,  as  if 
from  a.  jet  d'  eau ;  the  whole  presenting  to  the  eye  a  scene  of  the  most 
a\»  ful  and  horrible  grandeur,  while  the  ear  was  filled  with  soimds  the  , 
most  terrifying  and  alarming,  often  resembling  distant  thimder,  as  the 
deluge  poured  into  the  subterraneous  workingsofScalegUlcolliery,  which, 
it  Ls  said,  is  now  rendered  useless.  It  was  a  land  sale  colliery  of  small 
compass,  and  the  coal  nearly  exhausted.  Providentially,  the  people 
employed  in  it  had  quitted  their  work  a  short  time  before  the  sinking 
happened." — Gentleman's  Magazine,  1792. 

•  Preparing  for  publication.  The  Life  and  Miracles  of  Sancta  Bega, 
the  Patroness  of  the  priory  of  St.  Bees.  Written  by  a  monkish  historian. 
To  which  are  added.  Explanatory  Notes  and  a  Preface :  by  the  Rev.  G. 
C.  Tomlinson,  F.S.A.,  &c. 

t  From  the  calender  of  saints'  days  it  appears  that  St.  Bega  or  St. 
Bees  is  commemorated  on  the  Cth  of  September ;  and  St.  Bega,  virgin, 
on  the  22nd  of  November.  Sancta  Bega  died  the  day  before  the  calends 
of  November. — Life  of  the  Saint.  Ingulphus  mentions  a  litttle  bell  at 
Croyland,  which  is  called  Bega. 


PARISH   OF   ST.    BEES.  333 

the  foundress.  The  priory  and  parish  are  vari- 
ously called  in  ancient  evidences — K/rkehi/heluk, 
K'trklni  Begock  and  Begoth,  which  latter  name  is 
British,  and  derived  from  Beg  og,  signifying  little 
young. 

Sandford's  iM.S..t  gives  the  foUowmg  tradition- 
ary account  of  the  foundation  of  the  nunnery : — 
"This  Abbie,  by  tradition,  built  upon  this  occa- 
sion, (for  the  time  I  refer  you  to  the  chronicles) : — 
That  there  was  a  pious  religious  lady-abbess,  and 
some  of  her  sisters  with  her,  driven  in  by  stormy 
wether  at  Whitehaven,  and  [the]  ship  cast  away 
ith  harbour,  and  so  destitute.     And  so  she  went 
to  the  lady  of  Egrcmont  castle  for  reliefe.     That 
lady,  a  godly  woman,  pittied  her  distress,  and 
desn-cd  her  lord  to  give  her  some  place  to  dwell 
in ;   which  he  did,  at  the  now  St.  Bees.     And 
she   and  her  sisters  sewed   and    spinned,    and 
wrought  carpets  and  other  work,  and  hved  very 
godly  lives,  as  gott  them  much  love.      She  de- 
sired Lady  Egrcmont  to  desire  her  lord  to  build 
them  a  house,  and  they  would  lead  a  religious 
life  together  ;  and  many  wolde  joine  with  them 
if  they  had  but  a  house  and  land  to  live  upon. 
Wherewith  the  Lady  Egermond  was  very  well 
pleased,   and   spoke  to   her  lord  he  had  land 
enough  and  [should]  give  them  some  to  lye  up 
tresure  in  heaven.     And  the  Lord  laughed  at 
the  Ladye,  and  said  he  would  give  them  as  much 
land  as  snow  fell  upon  the  next  morning  and  m 
midsummer  day.     And  on  the  morrow  looked 
out  at  the  castle  window  to  the  sea  side,  2  miles 
from  Egrcmont,  all   was  white  with  snow  for 

•  Dean  and  Chapter  Library,  Carlisle. 

2  u 


334        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

three  miles  together.  And  thereupon  builded 
this  St.  Bees  Abbie,  and  give  all  those  lands  was 
snowen  unto  it,  and  the  town  and  haven  of 
Whitehaven  ;  and  sometimes  after,  all  the  tithes 
therabout,  and  up  the  montains  and  Inerdalc  for- 
rest,  eastward,  was  appropriated  to  this  abbey  of 
St.  Bees ;  which  was  got  by  one  Mr.  Dacres,  of 
kindred  to  the  Lord  Dacres ;  gott  a  long  lease 
of  it  at  fall  of  Abbies,  and  married  one  Mrs.  Latos 
of  the  beck  hall,  iNIillom ;  who  afterwards  married 
Squire  Wybridge  [Wybergh]  of  Clifton  in  West- 
morland, who  purchased  the  inheritance  of  this 
Abbie  of  the  crowne,  and  sold  it  to  old  Sir  John 
Lowther,  who  gave  it  to  his  yonger  son.  Sir 
Christopher  Lowther,  Kt.  Bart,  soon  after." 

The  accounts  which  are  given  of  the  first 
foundation  of  the  nunnery  of  Saint  Bees,  are,  as 
might  be  expected,  contradictory  in  their  charac- 
ter. The  common  version  is  that  given  in  Mr. 
Sandford's  MS.,  namely,  that  the  extent  of  the 
territories  of  the  nunnery  were  originally  desig- 
nated by  a  preternatural  fall  of  snow  on  the  eve 
of  St.  John's  day.     Such  is  the  tradition  : 

"  Old  legends  say,  to  prove  her  wond'rous  right, 

Still  on  the  eve  of  midsiin's  sacred  light, 

When  the  deep  shades  have  mantled  o'er  the  skies, 

The  silent  forms  of  shadowy  shapes  arise, 

And  the  mild  Saint  amid  her  pious  train 

Retakes  with  printless  steps  her  course  again. 

And  spreads  her  snow  white  mantle  o'er  the  plain."* 

That  snow  is  occasionally  seen  even  now,  on 
midsummer  day,  on  the  Cumberland  mountains 
is   certain.  -    A   correspondent   of  the   Carhsle 

•  Unpublished  MS. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BF.ES.  335 

Journal,  states  that  on  midsummer  day,  1 S3S,  the 
snow  was  lying  two  feet  thick  upon  Glencowen- 
dale  fell.  AN'hether,  however,  the  parish  is  indehted 
to  tlie  legend,  for  its  singular  form,  or  whether 
the  legend  has  been  invented  from  the  shape  of 
the  parish,  cannot  be  decided.  One  thing  is 
certain,  that  the  name  of  Sancta  Bega  is  insepar- 
ably connected  with  the  miracle  of  snow.  All 
accounts  agree  in  this.  The  Life  of  Sancta  Bega 
jjlaces  the  snow  miracle  many  hundred  years  after 
the  death  of  the  mild  saint,  in  the  time  of  Ran- 
ulpli  Meschines.  The  monkish  historian  relates 
that  certain  persons  had  instilled  into  the  ears 
of  that  nobleman,  that  the  monks  had  unduly 
extended  their  possessions.  A  dispute  arose  on 
this  subject,  for  the  settlement  of  which,  by  the 
prayers  of  the  religious,  the  whole  land  became 
white  with  snow,  except  the  territories  of  the 
church  which  stood  forth  dry. 

It  does  not  appear  that  the  nunnery  of  Sancta 
Bega  was  ever  endowed,  or  that  it  continued  for 
any  length  of  time  as  a  voluntary  society.  It  is 
probable  enough  that  it  was  ruined  and  dispersed 
in  the  Danish  wars.  Indeed  the  historian  of  her 
life,  refers  to  the  Danish  ravages,  as  the  cause 
which  wrap])ed  in  oblivion  the  tomb  of  Bega  for 
centuries.  But  although  no  succession  of  Ab- 
besses has  been  transmitted  to  us,  and  no  histo- 
rian can  give  us  any  intelligence  of  the  endow- 
ment of  this  nunnery,  still  it  seems  scarcely 
probable  that  it  would  have  been  of  such  brief 
duration  as  is  generally  supposed.  If  the  bell  at 
(Jroyland  abbey  were  named  Bega,  in  commemo- 
ration of  the  Cumbrian  Saint,  nearly  three 
centuries  after  the  foundation  of  Saint  Bees 
2  t  2 


336        ALLERDALR    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

nunnery,  it  would  seem  as  if  there  had  been  succes- 
sors in  the  nunnery  who  cherished  the  name  of  their 
first  foundress,  and  transmitted  it  to  posterity. 
Otherwise  the  name  would  scarcely  have  attracted 
the  notice  of  Abbot  Turketul.  Moreover,  the 
recorded  fact,  that  the  monastery  was  afterwards 
built  on  the  site  of  the  nunnery,  is  another  reason 
which  would  induce  us  to  assign  a  longer  existence 
to  the  nunnery  than  is  usually  supposed.  Nearly 
five  centuries  elapsed  between  the  foundation 
of  the  nunnery  and  that  of  the  priory,  in  which 
time  the  site  would  have  been  forgotten,  had  the 
nunnery  perished  upon  the  death  of  Bega.  AMio 
shall  now  assert  that  the  abbot  of  Croyland  did 
not  attempt  to  commemorate  the  name  and  virtues 
of  the  Cumbrian  abbess,  at  a  time  when  he  be- 
held her  nunnery  visited  with  a  recent  but 
overwhelming  desolation,  and  her  name  in  danger, 
for  the  Jirst  time,  of  perishing  amidst  the  ruins 
of  her  own  foundation  ? 

In  the  reign  of  Henry  I.  William  de  Meschines, 
son  of  Ranulph,*  and  brother  of  Ranulph,  first 
Earl  of  Cumberlandjf  restored  the  religious  house, 
making  it  a  cell  of  a  prior  and  six  Benedictine 
monks  to  the  mitred  abbey  of  St.  Mary  of  York.;]; 
By  his  charter  he  granted  to  God,  St.  Mary  of 
York,  and  St.  Bega,  and  the  monks  serving  God 
there,  all  the  woods  within  their  boundaries  and 

*  Founder  of  the  priory  of  Wctheral.  f  Founder  of  Calder  abbey. 
X  The  priory  of  Ncddrum,  in  Ulster,  was  cell  to  the  priory  of  St.  Bees 
having  been  granted  by  Sir  John  dc  Courcy,  a  descendant  of  William 
Meschines.  Respecting  this  Irish  dependency  of  Saint  Bees,  a  small 
parchment  roll  considerably  mutilated  remains  in  the  Cottonian  Collection. 
n  consists  of  nine  documents  very  closely  -nTitten,  concluding  -with  a  bull 
of  pope  Honorius  III.  dated  1216,  confirming  the  endowment. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  337 

every  thing  within  the  same,  except  hart  and 
hind,  boar  and  hawk ;  and  all  liberties  within 
their  bounds  which  he  himself  had  in  Coupland, 
as  well  on  land  as  on  the  water  both  salt  and 
fresh. 

Ranulph  de  Meschines,  son  of  the  above  Wil- 
liam, confirmed  his  father's  grants  to  the  priory 
of  the  church  of  St.  Bees,  and  seven  carucates 
of  land  there  ;  the  chapel  (capella)  ofEgremont, 
and  the  tithes  of  his  demesne  in  Copeland,  and 
of  his  men  there  ;  and  the  tithes  of  all  his  fish- 
eries, hogs,  venison,  pannage,  and  vaccaries 
throughout  all  Copeland ;  and  the  manor  of 
Anenderdalc ;  the  grant  by  Waltheof  of  the 
church  (chapel)  of  Stainburn  ;  and  Ketel's  grant 
of  the  church  of  Preston ;  and  two  bovates  of 
land  and  one  villein,  in  Rotington  ;  which  Rei- 
ner gave  unto  them  :  and  the  churches  of  Whit- 
tington  and  Botele,  which  they  had  by  the  gift 
of  Godard  :  and  Swarthoft,  given  to  them  by 
William  de  Lancastre  son  of  Gilbert.  And  he 
granted  to  them  all  the  woods  within  their 
boundaries,  from  Cuningshaw  to  the  sike  between 
Preston  and  llensingham,  which  runs  down  to 
Whitehaven,  and  there  falls  into  the  sea;  and 
whatever  they  can  take  in  those  woods,  except 
hart,  hind,  boar,  and  hawk.* 

William  de  Fortibus,  Earl  of  Albemarle,  by 
his  charter,  (circa  A.I).  1192,)  confirmed  to  the 
priory  the  grants  of  his  ancestors, — fourteen  sal- 
mons which  they  had  by  the  gift  of  Alan,  son  of 
Waltlieof;  and  by  the  same  gift,  half  a  carucate 
of  land  in  Aspatric  ;  and  six  acres  of  land  in  the 

•  1  Dugd.  Mon.,  395. 


338        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

same  vill,  by  the  gift  of  the  said  Alan  :  and  six 
sahiions,  which  they  had  by  the  gift  of  the  lady 
Ahce  de  Romeley  ;  and  half  a  mark  of  silver,  by 
the  same  donation,  out  of  the  fulling  mill  at 
Cockermouth,  and  one  messuage  in  the  same 
vill.  He  also  granted  to  them  one  mark  of  silver 
out  of  the  said  fulling  mill  yearly.  "  Hiis  testi- 
bus.  Domino  Galfrido  de  Chandever.  Domino 
Thoma  Keret.  Domino  "NMUielmo  de  Ireby. 
^^'illielmo  de  DrifFeld  tunc  senescallo  de  Coker- 
mutha.  Alano  persona  de  Caldebec.  Hugone 
de  Moricebi.  Ada  de  Haverington.  Galfrido 
de  Talentir.  Johanne  de  Brigham,  et  multis 
aliis."* 

By  the  voucher  book  of  Furness  abbey,  it 
appears  that  the  prior  of  Saint  Bees  was  includ- 
ed in  a  commission  from  Pope  Honorius,  about 
the  year  1 200.  This  commission  was  respecting 
the  right  of  sepulture  at  Hawkshead,  Dalton,  the 
mother  church,  being  twenty  miles  distant. 

In  1315,  during  the  invasion  of  Robert  le  Brus, 
the  priory  of  Saint  Bees,  togetlier  with  the  manor 
houses  of  Stainburn  and  Cleator,  and  the 
western  part  of  Cumberland,  were  visited  by  a 
party  of  Scots,  under  the  command  of  James 
Douglas.  The  priory  was  pillaged,  and  the 
manor-houses  were  destroyed.  In  this  occasion, 
although  the  religious  house  fared  better  than 
the  neighbouring  secular  ones,  still  it  seems  not 
improbable  that  the  holy  prior,  and  his  company 
of  "  six  monks  at  the  least,"  would  experience 
that  treatment  from  the  liostile  Scots,  which  Sir 
Walter  Scott  makes  ^^'amba  describe  in  Ivanhoe. 

•  1  Dugd.  Mon.,  396. 


PARISH    OF   ST.    BEES.  339 


"  Prav  for  them,  with  all  my  heart,"  says  he,  "but 
in  the  town,  not  in  the  green  wood,  like  the 
abbot  (prior)  of  Saint  Bees,  whom  they  caused  to 
say  mass,  with  an  old  hollow  oak  tree  tor  his 

stall."  ,  r    c-^       V 

\bout  the  year  1523  the  monks  of  St.  bees 
appear  to  have  been  alarmed  by  a  meditated 
invasion  of  this  "angle  of  Cowplande."  I  he 
following  lettert  was  written  by  the  Prior,  Alan- 
by,  to  the  Lord  William  Dacre,  lord-warden  ot 
the  West  Marches,  praying  for  help.— 

To  the  Lord  Dacres. 
AIv  right  honorable  and  myst  speciall  good  Lord,  in  my 
most  lawley  manor  I  recomende  me  unto  your  good  Lordship, 
ever  more  bescking  our  Lordo   God  to  reward  your  good 
Lordship  for  me  at  all  tymes.      And  now  as  specially  as  1 
can  think,  I  besiche  your  good  Lordship  of  your  good  con- 
tvnuance.      Tor  my  good  Lord,  it  is  thus  of  surtie,  that 
areat  nombre  of  Shippis  are  sene  upon  this  Cost  both  upon 
Fridaye  and  Saturdaye  last  past.     And  we  have   warnymg 
thattiieyareofthe  Duke  of  Albany's  company,  and  w oil 
land  upon  us  here  in   Cowplando,   and  Uestroyo  us  utterly 
Wherefore  my  speciall  good  Lorde,  I  bes.che  yo"''  good 
Lordship,  to  regard  this  pour  cost  and  countrey  whiche  be- 
lon-eth  unto  your  mcrchics  and  undre  your  protection,  and 
is  n°ot  accustomed  with   sich  weres,  but  only  such  certe.ii 
gentilmcn  and  their  company,  as  your  said  I'Ordship  have 
called  upon  heretofore  at  your  time  of  nede,  that  )e   vol  be 
so  goode  Lorde   now,  as  to  assigne  and    conimande    Mr. 
Christopher  Curwcn  of  Wirkington   and  Mr  John  Lamplew 
leutenaunt    of  Cokermouth,   and   Mr  Richard   Skelton   oi 
Branthwate,  to  gyve  attcndaunce  with  the  help  and   aide 
with  the  hole  company  of  this  litle  Angle  of  Cowplande,    o 
resist  and  defende  the  countrey  with  the  grace  ot    God  and 
prayer  of  his  holy  sainctcs,  to  whomc  your  Lordship  now 
mayc  bynde  us  ever  more  to  prey  for  your  good  prcserva  ion 
and  good  spcde.     And  els  I  cannot  see,  but  this  countrey 

I  From  a  scarce  book  "  Duo  rerumAnglicarum  scriptores  veteres"- 
Oxon.  1732. 


340        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

shalbe  utterly  destroyed  for  ever,  whiche  God  forbide,  whom 
I  hartely  besiche  to  preserve  and  prosper  your  good  Lord- 
ship, with  all  goodnes,  after  your  deasire.  Amen.  Scriblyd 
in  hast  at  Sainct  Bees  upon  Sainct  Luke  day  the  evangelist. 

by  your  awne  dayely  bedeman 

Dan  Robert  Alanby,  Prior  of  Sainct 
Bees  aforesaid.* 

An  inspeximus  was  dated  at  St.  Bees,  Septem- 
ber 1],  1473,  by  Henry  Percy,  fourth  Earl  of 
Northumberland,  and  lord  of  the  honor  of 
Cockermouth,  of  the  charter  of  William  de  For- 
tibus,  earl  of  Albermarle. 

"  In  the  reign  of  Henry  IV.  a  Richard  Hunte 
was  appointed  to  Saint  Bees,  as  a  free  chapelry 
in  the  gift  of  the  Crown,  but  the  abbot  of  Saint 
JMary's  remonstrated  with  the  King,  and  the 
grant  was  revoked.  Bishop  Tanner  mentions 
that  under  this  cell  there  was  a  small  nunnery 
situate  at  Rottington,  about  a  mile  from  St. 
Bees.  This  is  confirmed  by  the  ancient  names 
of  places  still  retained  there,  but  few  other  vesti- 
ges are  now  to  be  found." 

Whilst  on  the  subject  of  the  priors  of  St.  Bees, 
their  rank  as  barons  of  the  Isle  of  Man  cannot 
justly  be  overlooked.  As  the  abbot  of  the 
superior  house,  St.  Mary's,  at  Yoi'k,  was  entitled 
to  a  seat  amongst  the  parliamentary  barons  of 
England,  so  the  prior  of  St.  Bees  was  Baron  of 
the  Isle  of  i\Ian.  As  such  he  was  obliged  to 
give  his  attendance  upon  the  kings  and  lords  of 
Klan,  whensoever  they  required  it,  or  at  least, 
upon  every  new  succession  in  the  government. 
The  neglect  of  this  important  privilege  w'ould 

*  This  letter,  according  to  Hoame,  was  written  A.D.  1523,  15  Henry 
VIII. 


PARISH   OF    ST.    BEES. 


341 


probably  involve  the  loss  of  the  tithes  and  lands 
in  that  island,  which  the  devotion  of  the  kings 
had  conferred  on  the  priory  of  St.  Bees.  An 
abbot  from  Ireland,  and  another  from  Scotland, 
were  also  constrained  by  the  same  religious 
hberality,  to  appear  in  INIan,  as  Barons,  when 
called  upon. 

In  a  list  of  the  possessions  of  St.  INIary's  abbey 
at  York,  (  Falor  Ecclesiasi/cics,  Henry  VIII.)  the 
priory  of  St.  Bees  is  valued  as  follows  : — 

Com'  Cu'br'. 
Cella  Sancte  Bcge  in  Com  Cu/nbr'. 

Joh'es  Poule  Incumbens. 

Temp'al'  valent  in  £       «■      d. 

Scit'  cella  pdict'.  valet  in  terr'  dnic'.  cu.  }  ^^     __     _ 

claus'  ibm.  p.  annu.  S 

Libis.  lirm'  divs'.  libos.  tenenciu.  indivs'."^ 

dnijs.  &:  villat'  subscript'  viz  in  villat' 

dc   Homsjngham  xxiiijj.-.  Kybton  cu. 

ptin'.   p.   annu.  xxs.   Ilarras  p.   annu. 

x\d.  &  p.  divs'.  terr'  int'  aquas  de  Eske 

&  Dodyn    Ixxijs.    U}d.      Et  reddit'  & 

firm  divs'.  dnios.  terr'  &tentos.  tcnon- 

ciu.  ad  volut'.  dni.  p.  annu.  viz  manc- 

riu.  de  Slanburnc  cu.  ptin'.  p.  annu. 

xj/.  vijs.  \d.  Kyrkeby  IJccok  cu.  mo- 

lendino  &  patis.  xvl.  ij«.  iiij(^.  Lowke- 

rige  p.  annu.  vjs.  vijJ.  ob'  Wodend  p. 

annu.  x*.  Catgill  p.  annu.  xviijcZ.  Wray 

p.  annu.  ij.s.  M  allon  cu.  ptin'.  p.  annu. 

XXX*.  Sandwatlb  cu.  ptin'.  p.  annu.  vij/. 

xjs.  iij'i.   Hotyngton  cu.  ptin'.  p.  annu. 

vijs.  h\yl.  Preston  IIowsc  cu.  ptin'.  p. 

annu.   xxiiij.v.  Whilhancwod  p.  annu. 

xiijs.  iiijd.  Uescow  Pke.  p.   annu.  xs. 

Aralhnaytc  cu.  ptin'.  p.  ann'  xxxiiijs. 

AVhilhaven  cu.  ptin'.  p.  annu.  liiijs. 
Flatt  cu.  ptin'.  p.  annu.  xxvjs.  \u'}d. 
Blakenthvaytc  p.  annu.  viijs.  Corkgill 

2  X 


£ 
Vlxij 


r 


s. 


d. 

X  ob' 


342        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 


p.  annu.  iiij*.  Hensyngham,  cu.  ptin'. 
xxxvjs.  viijrf.  Wynder  &  Rowray  cu. 
ptin'.  p.  annu.  Ixxvijs.  viij(?.  Clifton 
cu.  ptin'.  iijs.  Wyrkyngton  cu.  ptin'.  p. 
annu.  xxjs.  Cokerraouth  xv*\  Talan- 
tyre  cu.  ptin'.  ixs.  Aspatry  cu.  ptin'.  p. 
annu.  viijs.  viijcZ.  Whynbanke  cu.  ptin'. 
p.  annu.  vjs.  \}d.  molcndin'  bladal'  xh. 
In  toto  p  annu. 

JFestm'V.     Temp'aV  val'  in 

£      s. 

Reddit'  &  firm'  de  una  claus'  in  Kendalc  p.  ^ 

annu. 

Cu'br'.     Sp'ual'  val'  in 

Exit'  &;  pfic'.  decim'  garbas.  &  feni  ac 
alias,  decimabil'  &  oblac'  ecclie.  See. 
Bege  &  de  capellis  infa.  pochia.  ibra. 
viz  de  capellis  de  Lowswat.  Evdale. 
Esshdale  &,  Wasdall  coibz.  annis 
Pquis'.  cur'  ibm.  singlis.  annis 

£       s. 
cxlix  xix 


d. 


Sma.  valoris  huj.  celle 

D'  quibz 

Repris'.    Feod'  videl't 

Johi.  Lamplough  militisen-  } ^^^    ^.jj- 

lo.  terr'  celle  pdict'.  S       ' 

Crisofora  Culwen militisen- ? 

lo.  de  Stanburne  ), 

Rico.  Orfer  senlo.  cur'  cell' 
pd'. 

Johi.  Nicholson  ballio  de 
Kyrkebybecok 

Willmo.  Poule  rec'  pecun'  ^ 

ibm. 

Et  tribz.  ballivis  de  Coupe- 
land  in  feod'  viz  Johi. 
Ponsonby  iijs.  iuyl.  An- 
tonio Patrikson  iij«.  iiijrf. 
&.  Thome  Tobson  iijs. 
iii^d.  p.  annu.  In  toto 


—   XX  vj  VIIJ 

d. 

vj  ob' 
£      s. 
cxlix  xix 


d. 

vj    ob" 


xxvj  VllJ 


>^. 


s. 
iij 


d. 
iiij 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BKES.  343 

Snia.  repris'  pz  supa.   • 

£      s.      d. 
Et  val'  clare  cxliij  xvj     ij  ob' 

Xma.  ps.  inde  xiiij  vij    vij  ob' 

On  the  dissolution,  the  revenues  of  this  priory, 
according  to  Dugdale,  were  143/.  lis.  2f/. ;  or, 
by  Speed's  valuation,  1 19/.  19s.  Gd. 

From  these  statements  it  appears  that  there 
were  only  two  religious  houses  in  the  county 
more  amply  endowed  than  the  priory  of  St.  Bees.* 
How  lamentable  a  fact  that  from  the  revenues  of 
this  house,  equalling  about  3000/.  per  annum  of 
the  modern  value  of  money,  the  parish  was 
sacrilegiously  robbed  not  only  of  the  endowments 
which  had  been  appropriated  for  works  of  charity 
and  education,  but  even  of  a  suitable  maintenance 
for  its  ministers,  "to  whom  pertaineth  the  service 
of  God,"  and  to  such  an  extent,  that,  in  1705, 
the  church  was  certified  of  only  the  annual  value 
of  12/. !  ^\  by  was  not  a  portion  of  its  revenues 
appropriated  to  similar  purposes  as  those  founda- 
tions of  later  piety — the  College  and  the  Free 
Grammar  School  ?  Reformation  would  have 
been  accomplished,  and  more  efficiently,  without 
sacrilege,  had  the  voices  of  Latimer,  and  Cranmer, 
and  other  churchmen  prevailed.f 

•  The  priory  of  Ilolme-Cultram,  aud  tlie  priory  of  St.  Mary,  Carlisle: 
ihe  latter  was  constituted  a  cathedral-church  at  the  Reformation. 

+  A  modem  publication,  "  A  Sketch  of  the  Reformation  in  England," 
by  the  Rev.  I.  J.  Blunt,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  con- 
tains the  following  judicious  remarks  : — 

"  Cranmer  was  i;ol  (as  may  be  well  believed)  an  unconcerned  specta- 
tor of  this  great  revolution  in  the  possessions  of  the  church;  but  though 
he  agreed  with  Cromwell  in  the  desire  of  tlie  dissolution,  he  differed  from 
him  with  regard  to  the  application  of  the  proceeds.     Indeed,  tlic  views 

2x2 


344         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Edward  VI.  in  the  seventh  year  of  his  reign 
(1553)  granted  to  Sir  Thomas  Chaloner,  knight, 

they  respectively  took  of  the  nature  of  ecclesiastical  property  do  not 
appear  to  liavc  coincided.  The  one  was  rather  acting  in  a  political,  the 
other  in  a  religious  spirit.  Cromwell  was  concerned  to  right  the 
monarchy,  Cranmer  to  save  a  church.  The  former  was  for  the  suppres- 
sion of  the  religious  houses,  because  the  supremacy  of  the  crown  could 
not  be  otherwise  secured  ;  the  latter  had  this  for  his  object  too,  but  still 
more  the  annihilation  of  the  abuses  of  purgatory,  masses  for  the  dead, 
saint-worship,  and  pilgrimage,  of  all  which  the  abbeys  were  the  incor- 
rigible patrons.  So  far,  therefore,  they  went  hand  in  hand.  But  in  the 
disposal  of  the  vast  fund  which  accrued  from  the  confiscation  of  the 
church  estates,  Cranmer  did  not,  like  Cromwell  and  (he  parliament, 
regard  it  as  a  matter  for  the  king  to  take  his  pastime  with,  according  to 
.  his  own  mere  will  and  motion.  Kor  would  he  dissipate,  nor  did  he 
think  it  lawful  to  divert  from  its  original  destination,  and  that  the  pro- 
motion of  God's  glory,  so  ample  a  revenue,  and  make  it  over  at  once, 
and  for  secular  purposes  only,  to  the  crown.  He,  therefore,  was  for 
considering  it  as  still  a  sacred  treasure,  to  be  applied  to  sacred  ends ;  and 
out  of  the  old  and  corrupted  monasteries  ho  was  desirous  to  see  arise  new 
and  better  foundations  :  houses  attached  to  all  the  cathedrals,  to  sen-e 
as  nurseries  for  the  clergy  of  the  diocese  in  religion  and  learning ;  an 
addition  made  to  the  incomes  of  the  inferior  class  ;  and  the  number  of 
sees  increased,  with  a  corresponding  diminution  in  their  extent,  that  tlic 
bishop  might  be  in  deed  as  well  as  in  name  the  overseer.  To  these  wise 
and  good  propositions  Latimer  added  another,  no  less  commendable, 
that  a  few  of  the  greater  abbeys  should  be  left  for  pious  and  charitable 
uses.  For  the  priory  of  Malvern,  above  all,  he  intercedes  with  great 
earnestness ;  not  that  it  '  should  stand  in  monkery,  but  so  as  to  be  con- 
verted to  preaching,  study,  and  prayer  ;'  and  then  he  adds,  '  Alas  !  my 
good  Lord'  (it  is  to  Cromwell  that  he  makes  his  fruitless  appeal),  'shall 
we  not  see  two  or  three  in  every  shire  changed  to  such  remedy  ?' 

"  As  a  further  proof  of  the  honest  motives  which  had  actuated  many 
in  their  spoliation  of  the  church,  the  very  men  who  had  been  denoimced 
as  unfit  to  live  whilst  they  were  monks,  were  now  inducted  into  bene- 
fices and  stalls  by  the  parties  to  whom  the  spiritual  welfare  of  the  people, 
forsooth,  had  been  so  dear  an  object,  in  order  that  they  might  be  thus 


PAUISII    OF   ST.    BEES.  3i5 

the  manor,  rectory,  and  cell  of  St.  Bees,  with  all 
its  rights,  members,  and  appurtenances,  and   all 

relieved  from  the  payment  of  the  pitiful  pension  with  whicli  their  pro- 
perty was  charged  for  their  support. 

"  Another  defect  imputed  to  the  Re'ormation  is  the  inadequate  support 
it  provided  for  the  lower  orders  of  the  clergy.  Four  thousand  livings,  and 
upwards,  of  less  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  a  year  each,  nianv 
very  far  less,  with  no  parsonage  houses  whatever,  or  with  such  as  the 
most  Sabine  economist  would  pronounce  unfit  for  a  clergyman  to  oc- 
cupy ; — this  is  the  forlorn  condition,  as  to  temporals,  in  which  the  church 
has  stood  for  a  long  season ;  a  condition  to  which  it  could  not  liave  been 
reduced,  had  even  a  portion  of  the  vast  revenues  dispersed  at  the  Re- 
formation been  husbanded,  and  applied  to  the  legitimate  purpose  of 
bettering  the  situation  of  the  inferior  clergy. 

"  Church  endowments  in  general,  and  tithes  in  particular,  were  goods 
set  apart  for  the  promotion  of  religion  from  time  immemorial,  the  posses- 
sor of  a  manor  erecting  upon  it  a  church,  and  charging  it  for  ever  with 
the  maintenance  of  a  man  whose  business  it  should  be  to  teach  the  peo- 
ple upon  it  llic  law  of  God,  and  thus  acknowledging  on  his  own  part  his 
tenure  to  be  under  God,  '  the  land  His,  and  himself  a  stranger  and  so- 
journer with  Him.'  This  was  the  origin  of  parishes ;  the  parish  co-ex- 
tensivc  (as  it  is  still  almost  always  found)  with  the  manor,  so  that  even 
where  the  latter  chances  to  have  a  part  distant  and  detached,  the  parish, 
however  inconvenient  it  may  be  for  pastoral  superintendence  and  in- 
struction, usually  claims  it  too.  The  fulfilment  of  the  conditions  annex- 
ed to  these  grants,  it  was  only  equitable  that  the  donor  and  his  lieirs 
should  exact  and  regulate ;  they  were  tlif  natural  guardians  of  the 
charities  ;  and  when  the  lapse  of  years,  the  course  of  events,  and  public 
convenience,  had  caused  this  guardianship  to  devolve  upon  the  state,  the 
state,  like  any  other  guardian,  had  a  right  to  superintend  the  trust  so  as 
to  carry  into  cflect  the  designs  of  the  donor,  but  no  right  whatever  to 
alienate  it,  apply  it  to  purposes  of  its  own,  and  thereby  frustrate  those 
intentions.  It  had  a  right,  for  instance,  to  provide  the  best  religious 
instruction  which  was  to  be  had,  even  though  it  was  such  as  the  bene- 
factor had  not  contemplated  ;  and  to  exclude  such  as  was  found,  on  a 
more  intimate  knowledge  of  the  subject,  to  be  erroneous,  even  though 
it  was  such  OS  the  benefactor  had  sanctioned;  it  being  obvious  that  his 


346         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

the  possessions  belonging  to  the  same  in  St.  Bees 
and  Ennerdale,  and  elsewhere  in  the  county  of 

intention  was  to  guide,  not  to  mislead,  those  for  -whom  he  had  show-n  so 
lively  an  interest ;  but  it  had  no  right  to  withhold  all  religious  instruction 
whatever,  dispose  of  the  trust  to  the  best  bidder,  and  putting  the  produce 
in  its  pocket,  say  that  it  was  corban. 

"  Whoever  might  be  the  advisers  of  the  measure,  out  of 
the  spoils  of  the  monasteries  six  new  bishoprics  were  founded, — those  of 
Westminster  (since  suppressed),  Chester,  Gloucester,  Peterborough, 
Oxford,  and  Bristol,  together  with  deaneries  and  prebends  respectively 
annexed,  all  slenderly  endowed,  and  upon  the  whole  a  sad  falling  oft' 
from  the  splendid  expectations  wh'ch  the  king  had  originally  held  forth 
of  eighteen  new  sees,  together  with  a  proportional  number  of  suifragans, 
— ex'pectations  which  the  act  of  suppression  had  encouraged,  and  by 
which  many  were  reconciled  to  the  confiscation  of  church  property,  as 
hoping  that  it  was  only  to  be  fused  and  cast  into  a  better  mould.  Its 
authors,  however,  '  liked  not  that  paying  again ;  it  was  double  trouble.' 
Accordingly  they  compounded  with  the  creditor,  and  the  dividend  (with 
the  addition  of  funds  for  the  endowment  of  some  of  the  metropolitan 
hospitals,  a  few  professorships  in  either  university,  and  a  college  in  Cam- 
bridge,) was  what  wo  have  seen.  The  cathedrals  fared  better  than  the 
monasteries;  having  been  hitherto  in  the  hands  of  the  regulars,  they 
were  now  put  upon  the  same  footing  as  the  new  institutions  of  the  like 
kind,  and  their  revenues  appropriated  to  the  maintenance  of  secular 
dignitaries." 

"  The  progress  of  the  Reformation  was  attended  (as  all  great  national 
convulsions  are)  with  many  and  sad  excesses.  The  work  of  destruction, 
when  long  continued,  is  in  itself  a  thing  which  hardens  the  heart;  and 
the  Reformation  was  full  of  it.  Monk  and  nun  iHmed  out  of  house  and 
home,  pensioned  indeed,  but  (except  in  the  case  of  superiors,  who  were 
treated  with  more  lenity)  pensioned  with  a  miserable  equivalent ;  their 
dwelling-places,  beautiful  as  many  of  them  were,  laid  low,  that  all  hope 
of  return  might  be  cut  off;  their  cells  surrendered  to  the  bats  and  owls  ; 
their  chapels  made  a  portion  for  foxes,  the  mosaic  pavements  torn  up,  the 
painted  windows  dashed  in  pieces,  the  bells  gambled  for,  or  sold  into 
Russia  and  other  countries,  though  often  before  they  reached  their  desti- 
nation buried  in  the  ocean— all  and  utterly  dismantled,  save  where,  hap. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  317 

Cumberland  (not  granted  away  by  the  crown 
before)  ;  to  hold  to  the  said  Thomas  Chaloner, 
his  heirs  and  assigns,  in  fee  farm  for  ever,  of  the 
king,  his  heirs  and  successors,  as  of  his  manor  of 
Sheriff-IIutton  in  Yorkshire,  in  free  and  common 
socage,  by  fealty  only,  and  not  in  cap'tte  ;  paying 
to  the  crown  yearly  the  fee  farm  rent  of  113/. 
16s.  2\d. 

In  the  1th  and  5th  Pliilip  and  Mary  (1557), 
the  king  and  queen  granted  to  C'uthbert  Scot, 
Bishop  of  Chester,  and  his  successors,  tlie  said 
yearly  rent,  subject  to  the  payment  of  43/.  Ss.  4d. 
per  annum  to  the  crown. 

The  AVybergh  family  succeeded  Sir  Thomas 
Chaloner  in  the  possession  of  the  estates,  who 
having  been  sufferers  for  their  loyalty   during 

pening  to  be  parish  churches  also,  as  was  the  case  at  [St.  Bees,]  St.  .\I- 
ban's,  Tewkesbury,  Malrern,  and  elsewhere,  they  were  rescued  in  whole, 
or  in  part,  from  Henry's  harpies,  by  the  petitions  or  the  pecuniary  con- 
tributions of  the  pious  inhabitants ;  libraries,  of  which  most  monasteries 
contained  one,  treated  by  their  new  possessors  with  barbaric  contempt ; 
'some  books  reserved  for  their  jakes,  some  to  scour  their  candlesticks, 
some  to  rub  their  boots,  some  sold  to  the  grocers  and  soap-boilers,  and 
some  sent  over  sea  to  bookbindci-s,  not  in  small  numbers,  but  at  times 
whole  shipsful,  to  the  wondering  of  foreign  nations ;  a  single  merchant 
purchasing  at  forty  shillings  a  piece  two  noble  libraries  to  be  used  as 
grey  paper,  and  such  as  having  already  sufliced  for  ten  years  were  abun- 
dantly enough  (says  the  oye-wituess  whose  words  are  here  quoted)  for 
many  years  more' ;  these  were  some  cf  the  coarser  features  of  those 
times ;  howbeit  there  were  many  besides  these.  For  the  churches 
were  treated  with  gross  irreverence  ;  horses  and  mules  were  led  tlirough 
them ;  they  were  profaned  by  dogs  and  liawks,  by  doves  and  owls,  by 
stares  and  choughs ;  they  were  plundered  of  their  plate  by  church- 
wardens, or  other  powerful  parishioners,  who  might  argue,  that  if  they 
spared,  others  would  spoil ;  or  who  might  wish  ill  to  the  cause  of  the 
Reformation,  and  take  such  means  to  scandalise  it." 


348        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

the  Gi'eat  Rebellion,  mortgaged  St.  Bees  to  the 
Lowther  family  ;  and  on  a  suit  instituted  by  Sir 
John  Lowther  of  Whitehaven,  the  equity  of  re- 
demption was  foreclosed,  and  the  estate  decreed 
in  chancery  to  him  and  his  heirs,  in  the  year 
1663,  in  which  family  it  has  still  remained,  and 
now  forms  part  of  the  possessions  of  the  Earl  of 
Lonsdale. 

In  1622,  Bishop  Bridgman,  who  then  held  the 
see  of  Chester,  ordered  the  inhabitants  ot  the 
five  chapelries  of  Eskdale,  Ennerdalc,  ^^'asdale- 
Head,  Nether-Wasdale,  and  Loweswater,  to 
contribute  to  the  repairs  of  this,  the  mother 
church. 

In  1705,  the  church  of  St.  Bees  was  certified 
by  James  Lowther,  Esq.,  of  Whitehaven,  the 
impropriator,  at  12/.  per  annum.  The  benefice  is 
a  perpetual  curacy,  in  the  impropriation  and  pa- 
tronage of  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

In  1723,  a  dispute  arose  between  the  then  in- 
cumbent of  St.  Bees,  the  Rev.  R.  Jackson,*  and 
the  curates  of  the  old  and  new  chapels  in 
Whitehaven.  The  subject  of  this  dispute  was 
the  right  to  certain  fees,  in  respect  of  these  chapel- 
ries, claimed  by  Mr.  Jackson,  as  the  clergyman 
of  the  mother  church.  In  consequence  of  this 
jurisdiction  being  disputed,  application  was  made 
to  the  bishop,  who  confirmed  the  right  of  the 
incumbent  of  Saint  Bees  church,  to  certain  fees, 
on  the  baptisms,  churchings,  &c.,  solemnized  in 
the  dependent  chapelries.  By  a  memorandum, 
dated  May  26,  1 724,  and  now  remaining  at  Saint 

•  This  gentleman  was  for  the  long  period  of  fifty-two  years,  Master 
of  the  Grammar  school,  as  appears  by  his  tombstone  in  the  church. 


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350        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

sides  are  barbarous  insertions,  in  the  very  worst 
taste.  Those  in  the  clerestory  are  of  two  round 
headed  hghts.  The  nave  is  now  used  as  the 
parish  church. 

The  south  ti'ansept  has  been  used  for  a  cem- 
etery, and  contains  some  monumental  inscrip- 
tions, but  none  of  an  old  date. 

The  north  transept  contains  the  college  library. 
Here  is  a  portrait,  by  Lonsdale,  of  the  late 
Principal,  Dr.  Ainger,  in  his  academical  dress  as 
a  doctor  in  divinity. 

The  choir,  which  had  been  a  roofless  ruin  for 
two  centuries,  was  fitted  up  as  a  lecture-room 
for  the  college,  in  1S17,  at  the  expence  of  Wil- 
liam, Earl  of  Lonsdale.  The  south  aisle  is  gone, 
and  the  arches,  which  are  pointed,  are  walled  up, 
with  sash  windows  inserted.  "  I'he  interior  ar- 
rangement at  the  east  end  of  the  choir  is  singu- 
lar ;  three  beautiful  lancets  rise  from  a  string, 
the  centre  one  being  higher  and  wider,  as  is 
usually  the  case,  and  between  each  are  two  tiers 
of  niches,  one  above  the  other,  having  clustered 
shafts  and  oi'namental  capitals,  and  a  common 
dripstone  runs  round  the  whole.  The  north 
side  of  the  choir  is  lighted  by  a  series  of  lancets, 
having  single  shafts  set  on  the  sides,  the  interior 
sliiifts  being  plain,  whilst  the  exterior  are  filleted." 

The  communion-plate  appears  to  have  been 
presented  by  the  benevolent  archbishop,  whose 
memory  is  so  intimately  connected  with  the  place, 
as  the  founder  of  the  Free  Grammar  School. 
It  bears  the  date,  1571,  and  the  arms  of  the 
archiepiscopal  see  of  York,  impaled  with  those 
of  Grindal. 

Near  the  steps  leading  up  to  the  college  are 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  351 

two  mutilated  stone  figures,  to  which  common 
report  has  assigned  the  names  of  Lord  and  Lady- 
Lucy  ;  the  sculpture  appears  to  be  of  great 
antiquity.* 

•  In  tlicir  original  state,  they  were  of  gigantie  size.  The  features  and 
legs  are  now  destroyed.  The  Lord  is  represented  with  liis  sword  sheath- 
ed, but  whether  indicative  of  being  vanquished  in  battle,  a  paucity  of 
information  on  this  subject  must  leave  undecided.  There  is  a  shield  on 
his  arm,  which  appears  to  have  been  quartered,  but  the  bearings  upon  it 
are  entirely  defaced,  so  that  even  fancy,  usually  sufficiently  creative,  is 
in  this  case,  unable  to  detect  any  semblance  of  the  three  pikes,  or  lueies, 
thereon,  which  might  have  been  expected.  On  the  breast  of  the 
Lady  is  an  unshapely  protuberance,  which  the  incurious  would  totally 
disregard,  and  tlie  enquiring  be  troubled  to  account  for.  This  was  origi- 
nally the  roughly  sculptured  limb  of  a  wolf,  which  even  so  lately  as  the 
year  1806,  might  be  distinctly  ascertained.  These  figures  were  formerly 
placed  in  an  horizontal  position,  at  the  top  of  two  raised  altar  tombs, 
placed  at  no  great  distance  from  their  present  locality.  The  tomb  of  the 
Lady  was  at  tlie  feet  of  her  Lord,  and  a  wolf  was  represented  as  standing 
over  it.  The  protuberance  above  mentioned,  on  the  breast  of  the  Lady, 
was  the  paw  of  the  wolf,  and  all  that  now  remains  of  the  animal.  About 
a  cenlm'y  since,  the  figure  of  the  wolf  wanted  but  one  leg,  as  many  of 
the  inhabitants,  whose  immediate  ancestors  remembered  it  nearly  entire, 
can  testify.  The  horizontal  position  of  the  figures,  rendered  them  pecu- 
liarly liable  to  injuries,  from  the  silent  and  irresistible  ravages  of  time. 
Their  present  state  is,  however,  principally  to  be  attributed  to  the  falling 
in  of  the  outer  walls  of  the  priory,  and  more  particularly  to  the  fact  of 
having  been  used,  many  years  since,  by  the  boys  of  the  free  grammar 
school,  as  a  mark  to  fire  at.  It  is  supposed  that  the  limb  of  the  wolf  has 
reference  to  a  melancholy  catastrophe  which  happened  to  one  of  the 
Ladies  Liicy,  (see  page  15)  who  in  walking  through  the  neighbouring 
woods,  was  attacked  by  this  animal  and  destroyed.  Such  is  the  tradition. 
It  may  not  however  be  unworthy  of  remark,  that  the  Lueies  were  con- 
nected, through  the  family  of  Meschincs,  with  Hugh  de  Abrincis,  Earl  of 
Chester,  who  in  1070  bore  azure  a  wolf's  head  erased  argent,  and  who 
had  the  surname  of  Lupus. 

"Be  y'  nolid  that  Wyllyam  Myschcn  son  of  Ranolf  Lord    of  Egre- 
mond  founded  the  monastery  of  Saint  Beysse  of  blake  monks.     And 

2  Y  2 


352         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  church  is  part  of 
an  ancient  cross.  Its  situation  is  remarkable,  as 
tliose  in  tliis  county  are  almost  invariably  placed 
on  the  south  side. 

The  registers  commence  in  153S,  and  are, 
perhaps,  the  most  perfect  in  the  county. 

In  the  church-yard,  on  the  north  side  of  the 
nave,  is  a  tombstone  inscribed  to  the  memory 
of  the  late  Rev.  W.  Ainger,  D.D.— 

Here  lieth  the  body  of 

WILLIAM   AINGER,  D  D. 

formerly  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College 

Cambridge, 

Prebendary  of  the  Cathedral-Church 

of  Chester, 

first  Principal 

of  the  Clerical  College  of  St.  Bees, 

and  24  years  Perpetual  Curate 

of  this  Parish. 

He  died  20th  October,  1840, 

aged  55  years. 

I  wait  for  the  Lord,  my  soul  doth  wait, 

and  in  tis  word  do  I  hope. 

A  monument,  with  a  bust  by  Lough,  will 
shortly  be  erected  in  memory  of  the  deceased 
Principal. 

lieyres  to  the  said  Meschyn  y^  the  Lords  Fitzwal.  the  Lord  Haryugton, 
and  the  Lord  Lucy,  and  so  restyth  founders  of  the  said  monastery  therlc 
of  Sussex  the  Lord  Marques  Dorset,  therle  of  Northumberland  as  heyres 
to  the  Lords  aforesaid." — MS.  Ilarl.  Coll. 

The  family  of  Meschines  is  said  to  be  descended  from  that  at  Rome 
called  by  the  name  Maecenas,  from  which  word  the  former  one  is  corrupted. 
Certainly  it  has  proved  itself  the  Macenas  of  the  priory  of  St.  Bees,  not 
merely  in  the  foundation  of  that  religious  house,  but  also  in  the  charters 
for  a  long  course  of  years,  which  have  been  granted  by  persons  of  dif- 
ferent names,  indeed,  but  descended  from,  or  connected  with,  the  same 
beneficent  slock. 


parish  of  st.  bees.  353 

The  College. 

This  Institution,  for  the  instruction  of  candi- 
dates for  lioly  orders,  was  estabhshed  in  1  SI 7  by 
the  Right  Reverend  George  Henry  Law,  D.D. 
Lord  Bishop  of  Chester  (now  of  Bath  and  Wells). 

The  first  Principal  of  the  college  was  the  Rev. 
William  Ainger,  B.D.  (afterwards  D.D.)  who  was 
also  perpetual  curate  of  St.  Bees.  Bishop  Law 
gave  200/.  to  procure  from  Queen  Ann's  bounty 
the  further  sum  of  300/.  to  build  the  Princi- 
pal's house. 

The  choir  of  the  priory-church,  which  had 
been  roofless  for  upwards  of  two  centuries,  was 
repaired  and  fitted  up  for  the  purposes  of  the 
Institution,  at  the  expence  of  the  Right  Honor- 
able William,  Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

On  the  death  of  Dr.  Ainger,  which  occurred 
20th  October,  1840,  the  Rev.  Robert  Pcdder 
Buddicom,  M.A.,  F.A.S.,  was  appointed  Principal 
by  the  present  Lord  Bishop  of  Chester,  Dr.  J.  B. 
Sunnier.  The  theological-lecturer  is  the  \{e\. 
D.  Anderson,  ISI.A.  The  present  number  of 
students  is  49. 

One  of  the  lecture-rooms  is  used  as  the  library, 
and  contains  some  valuable  works.  Here  is  a 
full-length  portrait  of  the  late  Dr.  Ainger,  the  first 
Principal  of  the  college,paintedby  Lonsdale,  partly 
at  the  expence  of  the  students.  "  The  students, 
previous  to  admission,  are  expected  to  be  well 
versed  in  the  Classics,  so  that  the  course  of  study 
does  not  exceed  two  years.  In  this  period  the 
standard  divinity  works  are  diligently  studied, 
and  such  principles  inculcated  as  are  likely  to 
form  faithful  ministers  of  the  Gospel,  who,  as  far 


354         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

as  their  spheres  for  exertion  will  permit,  may  be 
able  to  preserve  the  chmxh  in  its  original  purity, 
free  from  those  errors  which  indistinct  notions 
are  apt  to  engender." 

"Who  with  the  ploughshare  clove  the  barren  moors, 
And  to  green  meadows  changed  the  swampy  shores  ? 
Thinned  the  rank  woods ;  and  for  the  cheerful  grange 
Made  room  where  wolf  and  boar  were  used  to  range? 
Who  taught,  and  showed  by  deeds,  that  gentler  chains 
Should  bind  the  vassal  to  his  lord's  domains? 
The  thoughtful  Monks,  intent  their  God  to  please, 
For  Clirist's  dear  sake,  by  human  sympathies 
Poured  from  the  bosom  of  thy  Church,  St.  Bees! 

"  But  all  availed  not ;  by  a  mandate  given 

Through  lawless  will  the  Brotherhood  was  driven 

Forth  from  their  cells; — their  ancient  House  laid  low 

In  Reformation's  sweeping  overthrow. 

But  now  once  more  the  local  Heart  revives. 

The  inextinguishable  Spirit  strives. 

Oh  may  that  Power  who  hushed  the  stormy  seas, 

And  cleared  a  way  for  the  first  Votaries, 

Prosper  the  new-born  College  of  St.  Bees!" — iVordswortk. 

The  Free  Grammar-School. 

In  the  year  15S3,  Edmund  Grindal,  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  (a  native  of  Hensingham,  in  this 
parish,)  intending  to  found  a  school  here,  applied 
to  Queen  Elizabeth,  who,  by  her  letters  patent, 
dated  24th  April,  15S3,  granted  that  there  should 
be  a  grammar  school  in  Kirkby  Beacock  or  Saint 
Beghcs,  to  be  called  "The  Free  Grammar  School 
of  Edmund  (irindal.  Archbishop  of  Canterbury." 
It  was  provided  that  there  should  be  seven  gov- 
ernors,^— the  provost  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford, 
and  the  rector  of  Egremont  for  the  time  being, 
always  to  be  two,  John  Lamplugh,  of  Lamplugh, 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BF.ES,  355 

Esq.,  Robert  Sandes,  of  Rottington,  Esq.,  AVil- 
liam  Davies,  of  St.  Bees,  gentleman,  Richard 
Skelton,  of  Walton,  yeoman,  and  Robert  Grin- 
dal,  of  Hensingham,  yeoman,  to  be  the  first 
governors.  In  case  of  death  it  was  provided 
that  the  vacancy  should  be  filled  up  by  the  sur- 
vivors. 

During  the  life  of  the  founder,  he  was  to  have 
the  nomination  of  the  master ;  but  after  his  death 
that  power  was  to  be  vested  in  the  provost  of 
Queen's  College,  O.xford,  if  "  a  person  of  learn- 
ing," and  a  native  of  one  of  the  counties  of  Cum- 
berland, AVestmorland,  York,  and  Lancaster. 
If  he  should  neglect  for  two  months,  then  the 
master  of  Pembroke-Hall  is  to  nominate. 

The  statutes  and  ordinances  drawn  up  by  the 
archbishop  for  the  governance  of  his  grammar- 
school,  bear  date  the  3rd  of  July,  1583  ;  and  the 
pious  founder  appointed  certain  lands,  &c.,  to  be 
purchased  of  the  yearly  value  of  50/.  for  the 
maintenance  of  his  school,  to  be  employed  as 
follows  : — 

Imprimis,  for  the  finding  of  one  Fellow  and 
two  Scholars  in  Pembroke-hall,  according 
to  special  statutes  appointed  for  the  same  £20     0     0 
Item,  to  the  Schoolmaster         .         .         .     20    0    0 

Item,  to  the  Usher 3    6     8 

Item,  to  the  Eeceiver,  for  his  fee        .         .        10     0 
Item,  for  the  dinner  at  the  annual  meeting 

of  the  Governors  .         .         .         .         .       0  13    4 


£4[>     0     0 


The  residue,  with  all  penalties  and  fines 
paid,  to  be  appropriated  in  repairs  and  other 
necessary  charges. 

The  archbishop  died  6th  July,  1583,  before 


356        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

the  foundation  was  fully  completed,  leaving  500/. 
in  the  hands  of  his  executors,  for  the  purchase 
of  lands  of  the  annual  value  of  30/.  for  the  fur- 
ther maintenance  of  the  school. 

A  second  patent,  reciting  and  confirming  the 
former,  was  granted  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  15th 
June,  1585. 

James  I.  by  letters  patent,  dated  25th  June, 
1604,  in  augmentation  of  the  endowment  of  this 
school,  granted  sixteen  messuages  or  tenements 
in  Sandwith,  late  parcel  of  the  possessions  of  the 
priory  of  St.  Bees,  with  pasture  for  300  sheep  on 
Sandwith  marsh  ;  forty-eight  messuages  in  Kirk- 
by  Begog,  parcel  of  the  manor  of  St.  Bees,  with 
divers  quit-rents,  foggage,  and  after-pastures  in 
certain  fields  there ;  a  yearly  rent  of  16s.  Sr/., 
called  Walk-mill  silver,  payable  in  common 
among  the  tenants  of  the  manor  of  St.  Bees  ;  a 
rent  of  24s.  out  of  the  manor  of  Hensingham ; 
and  four  messuages  in  Hensingham  and  ^^'ray ; — 
all  of  which  were  parcel  of  the  lands  and  posses- 
sions of  Sir  Thomas  Chaloner,  knight,  deceased, 
and  of  the  yearly  rent  of  28/.  8.$.  Q\d. ;  to  be 
holden  as  of  the  manor  of  Sheriff-Hutton,  co. 
York,  in  free  soccage.  These  grants  were  soon 
after  confirmed  by  act  of  parliament. 

In  the  year  1629,  AMlliam  Lickbarrow,  the 
master,  addressed  a  petition  to  the  Bishop  of 
Chester,  in  which  he  complained  of  the  state  and 
misgovernment  of  the  school,  that  the  statutes 
were  not  observed,  nor  the  arrears  of  rent  paid, 
and  that  during  sixteen  years'  labour,  "  both  in 
schole  and  church,"  he  had  received  nothing  but 
calumny  and  abuse. 

Sir  John  Lowther,  who  died  in  1705,  gave  5/. 


PARISH   OF   ST.    BEES. 


357 


per  annum,  and  a  valuable  library  to  this  school ; 
to  wliich  Sir  Joseph  Williamson,  Secretary  of 
state  to  Charles  II.,  made  considerable  additions. 
Dr  Lamplugh,  Archbishop  of  York,  also  gave 
5/.  per  annum  to  the  library,  but  this  has  been 
withdrawn.  Bishop  Barlow  presented  some 
valuable  books.  William,  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  has 
also  been  a  benefactor  to  this  institution.  The 
site  of  the  school  and  the  master's  house  was 
given  by  Thomas  Chaloner,  Esq.* 

The  increased  revenues  of  the  school  arise 
chiefly  from  coal  pits  :  the  royalty  of  St.  Bees 
belongs  to  the  school. 

The  school  is  in  reality  free  only  to  the  coun- 
ties of  Cumberland  and  Westmorland,  although 
no  distinction  is  now  made  :  every  scholar  pre- 
senting the  head-master  and  the  second-master 
with  an  annual  offering  (called  a  Cock-penny,)  on 
Shrove  Tuesday,  varying  according  to  the  means 
and  inclinations  of  the  donors.  The  children  ot 
the  poor  of  the  parish  pay  merely  the  fourpence 
reciuired  by  the  statutes. 

The  number  of  scholars  has  greatly  varied,— it 
has  exceeded  150,  and  is  now  reduced  to  30. 

The  present  governors  are, — The  Right  Hon- 
orable William,  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  K.G. ;  the 
Rev  John  Fox,  D.D.,  Provost  of  Queen's  College, 
Oxford,  ex  officio ;  the  Rev.  William  Henry  Leech, 
Rector  of  Egi-emont,  ex  officio  ;  Humphrey  Sen- 

.  By  an  indenture,  made  28lli  Elizabeth,  Thomas  Chaloner,  of  Gray's 
Inn  Esq.,  gave  the  ground  on  which  the  school  was  built,  and  also  40 
loads  of  coals  at  his  coal-pits  in  St.  Bees,  for  the  use  of  the  school.  In 
consideration  of  these  gifts,  two  boys,  to  be  called  Chaloner's  scholars. 
were  to  be  placed  in  the  school  by  the  said  Thomas  Chaloner  and  his 
hciis  for  ever ;  they  do  not,  however,  avail  themselves  of  that  privilege. 

2  z 


358        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

house,  Esq.,  of  Nether  Hall ;  Major  Spedding, 
Summergrove,  Whitehaven;  Edward  Stanley, 
Esq.,  RI.P.,  Ponsonby  Hall ;  and  the  Rev.  Alex- 
ander Scott,  M.A.,  Bootle. 

There  are  two  exhibitions  of  251.  per  annum 
each,  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  (founded  by 
Dr.  Thomas,  Bishop  of  Rochester,)  for  the  sons 
of  clergymen  of  the  diocese,  and  educated  at  the 
grammar-schools  of  Carlisle  and  St,  Bees.  A  St. 
Bees  scholar  has  also  the  privilege  of  becoming 
a  candidate  for  one  of  the  five  valuable  exhibi- 
tions founded  by  the  Lady  Elizabeth  Hastings. 

There  are  two  scholarships  and  one  fellowship 
at  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  for  scholars  of  St. 
Bees.     The  nomination  is  in  the  College. 

Bishop  Hall,  Master  of  Trinity  College,  Dub- 
lin, was  educated  at  this  school,  as  was  probably 
also  Archbishop  Sandys. 

The  head-master  has  a  comfortable  dwelling- 
house,  adjoining  the  school,  upon  which  William, 
Earl  of  Lonsdale,  expended  700/.  His  lordship 
made  additions  to  the  library  in  1S03,  and  fitted 
it  up  with  book-cases.  The  present  head-master 
is  the  Rev.  John  Fox,  INLA.,  and  the  usher  or 
second-master  is  Mr.  James  Armstrong. 

In  1815,  the  revenue  of  the  school  was 
112/.  10s.,  exclusive  of  the  house  and  garden  for 
the  master,  and  about  five  acres  of  land.  The 
present  revenue  is  about  75/. 

The  school-house  is  a  plain  substantial  build- 
ing, near  the  church.  Over  the  door  are  the  in- 
itials of  the  benevolent  founder  and  the  following 
inscription  : — 

E  1587  G  ' 

INGREDERE  UT  PROFICIAS 


as 


3     S 
¥     ^ 


^ 


.-    'ISA/',     . 

ri^  H^  V. 


;(     «»_■•*>   if 


^?^/i^V' 


'4-   f?"    t  A  .4 


■^  n  A 


.  \i  t  "i  ^*' 


t  ^^  tl(  ti  ^ 


^4Vsr'' 


360         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

The  town  is  very  regularly  built,  the  streets 
intersecting  each  other  at  right  angles,  and  con- 
tains, as  do  the  suburbs,  many  good  mansions. 

A  market  on  Thursday,  and  a  yearly  fair  on 
the  1st  of  August,  were  granted  to  Sir  John 
Lowther,  Bart.,  by  Charles  II.  in  1660.  There 
are  now  three  weekly  markets — Tuesday,  Thurs- 
day, and  Saturday.  The  fair  of  late  years  has 
been  held  on  the  12th  of  August,  but  it  is  now 
nearly  obselete.* 

"The  Cumberland  Pacquet,"  published  at 
Whitehaven  by  Mr.  Robert  Gibson,  is  the  oldest 
newspaper  in  the  county,  having  been  established 
in  1774.  Two  other  newspapers  have  been 
published  here — "  '  Tlie  Chronicle,'  which  lived 
only  a  short  period,  and  the  '  Gazette,'  which 
was  continued  from  1819  to  1826,  when  it  was 
purchased  and  annihilated  by  the  proprietor  of 
the  '  Pacquet'."  Another  newspaper,  "  The 
Whitehaven  Herald,"  was  commenced  in  about 
1830 :  and  is  now  published  by  Mr.  George  Irwin. 

Whitehaven  is  called  in  ancient  records,  Qxvit- 
ofthaven,  Whitofthaveu,  and  Whyttothaveyi  (i.  e. 
White-toft-haven),  and  is  supposed  by  some  to 
derive  its  name  from  the  whiteness  of  the  rocks 
near  the  harbour,  when  compared  with  the  dark 
red  sand-stone  about  St.  Bees  Head ;  others  er- 
roneously think  the  name  arose  from  the  circum- 
stance of  the  first  fisherman  who  frequented  the 
bay,  being  of  the  name  of  White,  and  that  he 
built  a  small  cottage  here  in  the  Old  Town,  over 
the  door  of  which  was  carved  the  date  1592.f 

•  In  tlie  year  1792  there  was  "a  diligence  once  a  week"  from  White- 
haven to  Carlisle. 

t  This  house  feU  down  in  1817. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BKES.  361 

This  latter  supposition  cannot  be  correct,  as  iu 
the  Register  of  the  priory  of  St.  Bees  the  place 
is  very  frequently  mentioned,  at  a  much  older 
period,  as  Witoftltavcn  and  Qxvitofthctven, — suffi- 
cient evidence  to  prove  the  fallacy  of  the  latter 
etymology. 

"  It  was  belonging  to  St.  Begh's  of  antient  time, 
for  the  Abbot  of  York,  in  Edward  I's  time,  was 
impleaded  for  wreck,  and  his  liberties  tliere,  by 
the  king,  which  he  claimed  from  the  foundation, 
to  be  confirmed  by  Richard  Lucy,  in  King  John's 
time,  to  his  predecessors." 

In  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  (A.  D.  \5GQ), 
as  appears  from  a  survey  of  the  shipping  and 
trade  of  the  county  of  Cumberland,  taken  by 
virtue  of  a  commission  under  the  great  seal, 
Whitehaven  was  a  small  fishing  village,  contain- 
ing six  houses.  The  only  vessel  belonging  to 
the  place  was  a  pickard  of  eight  or  nine  tons, 
employed  in  fishing.  And  in  1582,  the  Earl  of 
Lincoln,  Lord  High-Admiral,  having  commanded 
a  general  muster  of  ships  and  mariners  within 
the  county,  there  were  only  twelve  small  ships, 
under  SO  tons,  and  198  mariners  and  fishermen 
in  the  county.  In  the  return  of  ships  at  the 
time  of  the  Spanish  invasion,  the  Bee  of  White- 
haven, 10  tons,  appears  as  the  largest  belonging 
to  the  county. 

The  lands  here,  which  had  formerly  belonged 
to  the  Priory  of  St.  Bees,  were  bought  by  Sir 
Christopher  Lowther,  (second  son  of  Sir  John 
Lowtlier,  of  Lowther,)  who  settled  at  this  place 
during  the  life-time  of  his  father.  His  mansion 
was  at  the  west  end  of  the  town,  at  the  foot  of 


362        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

the  rock.*  Sir  John,  dying  in  1644,  was  succeeded 
by  his  son  and  heir.  Sir  John  Lowther,  who  built 
a  new  niansion-house,  (on  the  site  of  the  Castle,) 
described  by  Mr.  T.  Denton,  in  16SS,  as  "  a  stately 
new  pile  of  building,  called  the  Flatt." 

At  this  period,  as  appears  from  an  old  print, 
"  The  South-east  Prospect  of  Whitehaven  in  the 
year  1642,"  Whitehaven  consisted  of  about  forty 
houses ;  "  the  little  old  chapel,"  mentioned  by 
Nicolson  and  Burn,  was  an  humble  edifice,  with 
a  bell-turret,  and  a  cross  at  the  east  end.  A  few 
pack-horses,  probably  just  arrived  fi-om  Kendal, 
over  Hardknot  and  Wrynose,  (see  page  188), 
are  seen  approaching  the  town  along  a  road 
strewed  with  large  stones,  and  partly  overgrown 
with  grass. 

This  chapel  was  situated  in  Chapel-street :  the 
burial-ground  extended  to  the  bank  in  Lowther- 
street.  In  May,  1S31,  when  excavating  for  the 
foundations  of  the  bank,  a  number  of  skulls  and 
bones  were  found  here,  and  a  tomb-stone,  with 
this  inscription  : — 

Here  lieth  the 
body  of  Rodger 
Browne  who  died 
Ivly  25,  1654. 

In  connection  with  this,  the  Rev.  W.  Ainger, 
D.D.,  principal  of  the  college  of  St.  Bees,  copied 
the  following  entry  from  the  parish  register : — 
"Anno  Dni.,  1654,  27th  day  of  July,  Rodger 
Browne,  a  Welshman,  buried." 

*  There  are  yet  remaining  in  this  part  of  the  town  two  ancient  houses 
which  bear  marks  of  having  "seen  better  days;"  and  have,  in  all 
probability,  been  the  mansions  of  some  of  the  principal  families  in  the 
town. 


PARISH   OF   ST.    BEES. 


363 


About  the  year  1666,  Sir  John  Lowther,  of 
Whitehaven,  obtained  from  Cliarles  II.  a  gi-ant 
of  all  the  "derehct  land  at  this  place,"  which  yet 
remained  in  the  Crown;  and  in  167S,  all  the  lands 
between  high  and  low  water  marks,  for  two  mdes 
northward,  on  payment  of  a  yearly  rent  to  the 
Crown      The  latter  grant  contamed  about  150 
acres    being  in  breadth  200  yards.     "  Sir  John 
havin'^  thus  laid   the  foundation  of  the  future 
impoilance  of  Whitehaven,  commenced  his  great 
work,  and  lived  to  see  a  small  obscure  village, 
which  in  1G33  had  consisted  only  of  nine  thatched 
cottages,  grown  up  into  a  thriving  and  populous 
town;  which  in  1G93  contained  2,222  mhabit- 

Apier  was  erected  by  Sir  John  Lowther  be- 
fore 1687.  Mr.  T.  Denton  describes  the  harbour 
as  rendered  so  commodious  by  it,  as  to  be  cap- 
able of  containing  a  fleet  of  100  sail. 

From  this  period,  Whitehaven  rose  to  com- 
mercial importance  in  a  steady  yet  rapid  manner  : 
in  1685,  there  were  46  vessels  belonging  to  this 
port,  exclusive  of  boats,  of  from  12  to  94  tons, 
equal  to  1871  tons.  The  largest  of  these  the 
Resolution,  of  94  tons,  was  "commanded  by 
Richard  Kelsick,  in  which  he  crossed  the  Western 
Ocean  oftener  than  once  to  the  province  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  there  took  in  a  cargo  of  tobacco,  and 
discharged  the  same  at  Whitehaven." 

One  of  the  most  important  historical  tacts 
connected  with  the  annals  of  Whitehaven,  is  the 
daring  attempt  of  Paul  Jones,  the  noted  pirate, 
to  fire  the  shipping  in  the  harbour.  On  Thurs- 
day, 23d  April,  1778,  he  landed  here  with  about 
thirty  armed  men,  from  an  American  privateer. 


364        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Ranger,  mounting  eighteen  six-pounders  and  six 
swivels,  which  had  been  equipped  at  Nantes, 
expressly  for  this  horrid  attempt.  Jones,  who 
was  a  native  of  Galloway,  had  served  his  ap- 
prenticeship, as  a  seaman,  on  board  a  vessel 
belonging  to  Whitehaven,  and  his  acquaintance 
with  the  port  enabled  him  to  undertake  its  de- 
struction. He  and  his  men  set  fire  to  three  ships, 
expecting  the  flames  would  spread  through  the 
two  hundred  then  in  the  harbour ;  but  in  con- 
sequence of  the  defection  of  one  of  the  men 
(David  Freeman),  who  alarmed  the  inhabitants, 
this  was  prevented  by  their  timely  defence.* 

"  Before  any  force  could  be  collected,  Jones 
and  his  crew  had  re-embarked  in  two  boats,  and  all 
the  guns  of  the  nearest  battery  were  found  spiked. 
Three  of  them  were,  however,  soon  cleared,  and 
several  shots  were  fired,  a  few  of  which  were  ob- 
served to  fall  between  the  two  boats,  but  not  to 
take  effect.  The  boats  were  afterwards  seen  to 
reach  the  ship,  which,  about  nine  o'clock,  stood 
audaciously  towards  the  harbour,  with  the  flow- 
ing tide,  and  with  the  appearance  of  bombarding 
it,  but  on  a  discharge  from  one  of  the  fort-guns 
she  sheered  ofl',  and,  as  it  afterwards  proved,  the 
crew  landed  upon  the  opposite  shore  of  Galloway, 
where  they  plundered  the  house  of  the  Earl  of 
Selkirk." 

After  this  daring  attempt  gi"eat  exertions  were 
made  to  put  the  harbour  into  a  proper  state  of 
defence.  A  subscription  for  this  purpose  amount- 
ed in  the  space  of  four  days  to  J2857  5s.  3d. 
"  Grim  visaged  war  having  smoothed  his  wrinkled 

•  Mr.  David  Williams,  a  Welshman,  was  one  of  the  seamen  taken 
from  Whitehaven  by  Paul  Jones ;  he  died  in  the  town  a  few  years  ago. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  365 

front,"  the  batteries  had  been  long  neglected,  and 
they  required  the  chief  part  of  that  sura  to 
render  them  efficient  for  defence  :  an  additional 
number  of  guns  was  received  from  Woolwich. 

At  the  latter  end  of  the  last  century  the  bat- 
teries were  thus  described : — "  The  whole  number 
of  cannon  is  now  OS,  amongst  which  are  12 
forty-two-pounders,  and  IS  of  thirty-six. — At 
one  of  the  forts,  (commonly  called  0/d  Fort)  the 
military  guard  is  kept ;  and  it  is  always  the  depot 
of  the  regiment.  It  is  situated  at  the  entrance 
to  the  New  Quay,  and  commands  the  whole  of 
the  harbour,  and  the  approach  to  it  from  the 
northward. — At  about  two  hundred  yards  dis- 
tance, nearer  St.  Bees  Head,  is  the  Ilalf-Moon- 
Battery,  so  situated  as  to  command  the  whole 
bay. — On  the  opposite  side  of  the  harbour  is 
the  open  battery  on  a  place  called  Jack-a-Dandy, 
in  which  are  mounted  four  of  the  heaviest  pieces, 
and  some  smaller  guns. — The  fourth  battery  is 
upon  the  height,  (or  brow,  as  it  is  generally  called) 
in  front  of  the  bowling-green,  almost  directly 
above  the  Half-Moon-Battery,  and  capable  of 
commanding  not  only  the  whole  bay,  but  the 
coast  towards  Harrington  and  Workington,  and 
a  great  part  of  the  road  from  AVhitehaven  to 
these  places,  by  Bransty-Brow,  &:c." 

About  thirty  years  ago  there  were  eighteen 
guns  mounted  on  the  different  batteries  :  three 
42-pounders,  eight  32-pounders,  seven  18-pound- 
ers, besides  eight  24-pounders  unserviceable;  and 
of  dismounted  guns,  three  42-pounders  and  three 
18-pounders  serviceable,  and  four  42-pounders 
unserviceable, 

3  A 


366         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

There  is  now  only  one  battery :  it  is  neglected, 
and  not  all  prepared  for  defence. 

Acts  of  parliament  for  improving  the  town 
and  harbour  of  Whitehaven  were  passed  in  1708 
and  1711;  other  acts,  for  making  the  former 
more  effectual,  and  for  repairing  the  roads  leading 
to  the  town,  passed  in  1740,  1816,  and  1818.* 

The  Manor. 

The  manor  of  Whitehaven  formed  part  of  the 
possessions  of  the  Priory  of  St.  Bees,  and  was 
purchased  by  Sir  Christopher  Lowther,  (second 
son  of  Sir  John  Lowther,  of  Lowther,)  in  the 

*  "On  the  31st  of  January,  and  2nd  of  February  1791,  the  inhabitants 
were  greatly  alarmed  by  the  falling  in  of  some  of  the  old  coal  works 
under  the  town  near  Duke-street  and  George-street,  -where  18  houses, 
including  the  elegant  mansion  of  H.  Littledale,  Esq.  were  injured,  but 
fortunately  the  inmates  had  time  to  escape  unhurt,  and  from  60  to  80 
families  deserted  that  part  of  the  town,  till  they  were  assured  that  no  fur- 
ther danger  was  to  be  apprehended.  This  accident  was  caused  by  a 
great  body  of  water  bursting  suddenly  from  the  old  workings  into  the 
new  mines,  where  two  men,  a  woman,  and  five  horses  perished  in  the 
overwhelming  torrent." 

"  The  town  and  harbour  sustained  much  damage  on  the  24th,  25lh,  and 
26th  of  January,  1797,  by  the  most  tremendous  storms  of  wind  and  rain, 
that  were  ever  witnessed  on  this  coast.  The  tide  rose  so  high  that  the 
•water  overflowed  the  market-place,  was  three  feet  deep  on  the  Custom- 
house quay — washed  up  part  of  the  pavement  in  llarlborough-street,  and 
entered  the  king's  cellars.  The  mole  which  extended  from  the  Half-moon 
Battery,  was  entirely  destroyed,  together  with  most  of  the  new  quay,  and 
part  of  the  new  Tongue.  Ever}'  part  of  the  harbour  and  shipping  re- 
ceived much  injury ;  and  a  fine  vessel,  belonging  to  New  York,  was 
forced  from  her  moorings  and  wrecked  near  Harrington,  but  all  the  crew 
were  providentially  saved.  The  quays,  on  the  coast  northward  as  far  as 
Solway  Frith,  were  greatly  injured,  and  several  houses  were  washed 
down." 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  367 

life-time  of  his  father.  Sir  Christopher  built 
a  manor-house  here,  (see  page  3G2,)  and  his 
son.  Sir  John,  also  built  one  on  the  site  of 
the  Castle.  Sir  James,  second  son  of  the  last 
named,  and  the  fourth  and  last  baronet  of  this 
branch,  died  without  issue  in  1755,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded in  his  Whitehaven  estates  by  Sir  James 
Lowther,  of  Lowther,  Bart.,  who  in  17S4  was 
created  Earl  of  Lonsdale.  By  a  subsequent 
patent,  in  1797,  he  was  created  Viscount  Lowther 
of  Whitehaven,  with  remainder  to  the  heirs  male 
of  the  late  Rev.  Sir  \\'illiam  Lowther,  of  Swil- 
lington,  Bart.  The  Earl  dying  without  issue  in 
1802,  was  succeeded  in  the  title  of  Viscount 
Lowther  by  Sir  William  Lowther,  Bart,  (eldest 
son  of  Sir  ^^"illiam  above-mentioned)  to  whom  he 
bequeathed  almost  the  whole  of  his  princely 
fortune.  "Whitehaven  passed  under  the  will  of 
Sir  James  Lowther,  who  died  in  1755.*  William 
Viscount  Lowther  was  in  1807  created  Earl  of 
Lonsdale  ;  and  is  the  present  lord  of  the  manor 
of  Whitehaven. 

The  Castle. 

Whitehaven  Castle,  a  seat  of  the  Right  Honor- 
able the  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  K.G.,  F.A.S.,  (a  view 
of  which  forms  the  frontispiece  to  the  present 
volume),  is  a  large  quadrangular  building,  near 
the  south-eastern  entrance  to  tlie  town.  It  oc- 
cupies the  site  of  the  manor-house,  built  about 
the  year  IGH,  by  Sir  John  Lowther,  described 
by  Mr.  T.  Denton,  in  1GS8,  as  "a  stately  new 
pile  of  building  called  the  Flatt."      The  greater 

•  Lysons. 

3  A  2 


368        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

part  of  the  castle  was  erected  by  James,  first  Earl 
of  Lonsdale.  The  principal  front  is  towards  the 
town,  which  is  nearly  concealed  by  trees  sur- 
rounding the  lawn. 

In  the  entrance-hall  are  two  Roman  altars : 
one  of  which  "  is  the  largest  which  has  been 
discovered  in  Britain,  being  no  less  than  five  feet 
in  height ;  it  is  formed  of  a  dark  reddish  grit 
stone,  and  was  found  before  the  year  1559,  at 
Ellenborough."  An  engraving  of  it  is  given  in 
the  third  edition  of  Camden's  Britannia,  from  a 
drawing  made  by  his  friend  Sir  Robert  Cotton ; 
as  also  in  Cough's  edition,  and  in  Lysons's  Mag- 
na Britannia.     The  inscription  is  as  follows  : — 

GEN  10  LOCI 
FORTUNE  RED 
ROM^  ^TERN^ 
ET  FATO  BONO 
G.  CORNELIUS 
PEREGRIN VS 
TRIB.COHORT. 
EX  PROVING 
MAVR.  C^SA 
DOM OS  ET  ^D 
DECVR 

which  may  be  read  thus : — "  Genlo  loci  Fortimcc 
reduc'i  Romcc  yEienict'  et  Fato  bono  Gams  Cornelius 
Peregr'inus  Trihitnus  Co/iorf/s  ex  provincia  Manri- 
taniw  Ca'sariensis  Domos  et  JEdem  Decurionum, 
[restituit.]" 

On  the  back  of  the  altar,  near  the  top,  is  in- 
scribed Volanii  Vivas* 

The  other  altar  was  found  at  Moresby,  by  the 
Rev.  George  Wilkinson,  B.D.,  now  incumbent  of 

•  Not  Folanlii,  as  in  Camden. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  369 

Arlecdon,  by  whom  it  was  presented  to  the  Earl 
of  Lonsdale.     It  has  this  inscription  : — 

IMP.CAES 

TRAIN  .  HADRI 

ANI.AVG. P.P 

LEG .  XXVV. 

The  stair-case  and  apartments  contain  some 
fine  paintings  by  eminent  masters ;  among  which 
may  be  mentioned — the  Marriage  at  Cana,  by 
Tintoret ;  Hero  and  Leander,  by  Guido  ;  and  five 
large  groups  of  animals,  by  Snyders.  Among 
the  family  portraits  are — an  excellent  likeness 
(in  his  younger  days)  of  the  present  venerable 
^^'illiam,  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  K.G.,  in  his  robes,  by 
lioppner ;  Sir  Christopher  Lowther,  first  Baronet, 
of  ^V'hitehaven ;  Sir  James  Lowther,  fourth 
Baronet,  ob.  1755  ;  James,  first  Earl  of  Lonsdale, 
in  a  masquerade  dress,  ob.  1802;  Mrs.  Hannah 
Lowther,  of  Marske,  ob.  1757,  aged  103;  and 
some  others,  of  which  we  did  not  learn  the 
names. 

Lowther,  Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

Arms :  Quarterly  of  nine  ;  1 ,  Or,  six  annulets,  three,  two, 
and  one,  sable,  Lomlicr :  2,  Ermine,  a  canton  azure,  charged 
with  a  cross  upon  three  stairs,  argent,  Quale  ;  3,  Argent,  a 
lion  rampant  sable,  within  a  bordurc  azure,  Stapkton ;  4, 
Gules,  three  fishes  hauriant  or,  iwcy  .•  5,  Sable,  three  es- 
callops within  a  bordure  engrailed  argent,  Strickland;  6, 
Sable,  three  covered  cups  argent,  IFarcop  .■  7,  Sable,  three 

martlets  volant  argent ;  8,  Or,  two  bars  gules,  on 

a  canton  of  the  second,  a  mullet  of  the  field,  Laiicasler  ;  9, 
Argent,  three  bugles 

Crest :  On  a  wreath  a  dragon  passant,  argent. 

Supporters : — Two  horses  argent,  each  gorged  with  a 
chaplet  of  laurel,  proper. 

Motto: — JMaffislralus  indicat  virum. 


370        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

Totvn  Residence: — \1,  Charles-street,  Berkeley-square. 
Seats: — Lowther  castle,  CO.  Westmorland;    AVhitehaven 
castle  ;  Cottesmere  park,  Rutlandshire. 


Of  this  ancient  knightly  family,  who  are  intimately  con- 
nected with  the  history  of  this  county,  the  first  whose  names 
are  recovered  are  William  do  Lowthere  and  Thomas  de 
Lowthere,  appearing  as  witnesses  to  a  grant  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  II.  :  the  names  of  Sir  Thomas  de  Lowther,  Sir  Ger- 
vase  de  Lowther,  knight,  and  Gervase  de  Lowther,  arch- 
deacon of  Carlisle,  occur  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  The 
regular  pedigree  commences  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.,  with 

Sir  Hugh  de  Lowther,  knight,  attorney-general  in  the 
20th  Edward  I.  and  knight  of  the  shire  in  the  28th  and  33rd 
Edward  I.  He  was  subsequently  justice-itinerant,  and  cs- 
cheator  on  the  north  side  of  the  Trent,  and  in  the  5th  Ed- 
ward III.  was  made  one  of  the  justices  of  the  court  of  king's 
bench.  He  married  ....  daughter  of  Sir  Peter  de  Tilliol, 
of  Scaleby  castle,  knight,  by  wliom  he  had  issue, 

1.  Hugh,  son  and  heir. 

2,  Thomas,  juror  on  the  inquisition  J9.  wi.  of  Alexander, 
king  of  Scotland,  21st  Edward  I. 

Sir  Hugh  de  Lowther,  knight,  son  and  heir,  married 
firstly,  a  daughter  of  Lord  Lucy  of  Cockermouth,  and  second- 
ly, Margaret,  daughter  and  heiress  of  William  de  Quale. 
In  the  18th  Edward  II.  he  was  one  of  the  commissioners  to 
array  all  men  at  arms  in  Cumberland,  to  assist  in  the  expected 
invasion  from  France.  He  served  the  office  of  Sheriff  of 
Cumberland  for  three  successive  years,  was  thrice  returned 
knight  for  the  county  of  Westmorland,  and  twice  for  Cum- 
berland. 


PARISH   OF   ST.    BEES. 


371 


Sir  Robert  de  Lowther,  knight,  probably  son  and  he.r  of 
Hu^h,  had  two  brothers,  John  and  ^Vllham.  He  often  re-  . 
prelented  the  county  of  Cumberland  in  parliament  He  died 
in  the  9th  Henry  VI.  (1430),  and  was  survived  by  h.s  widow. 
In  the  church  of  Lowther  there  is  a  brass  plate  bearing  this 
inscription  to  his  memory  : — 

Moribus  cxpertus,  el  miles  lionore  repcrtus, 
Lowther  Robertus  jaeet  umbra  mortis  opertus. 
Aprilis  mense  decimante  diem,  necis  cnse 
Transit  ad  immense  celestis  gaudia  mense. 
Millc  quadringcntis  ter  denis,  mens  moricntis, 
Anuis,  viventis  cscas  capit  omnipoteutis. 

He  is  said  to  have  married  "  Margaret  daughter  and  heir  of 
William  Strickland,  Bishop  of  Carlisle  ;"  but  this  is  probab  y 
incorrect,  as  his  being  a  churchman  would  compel  him  to 
celibacy.     He  had  issue, 

2.'  Anife,'"married  to  Sir  Thomas  Curwon,  of  Working- 

3.  Mary!^married  to  Sir  James  Pickering,  of  Killington, 

4.  Elizabeth,  married  to  William  Lancaster. 

Sir  Hugh  de  Lowther,  knight,  son  and  heir,  married 
\f  arfraret  dauchter  of  John  de  Dorwcntwater.  He  was  at 
the  battle'  of  Agincourt,  "  there  being  with  1^™  G^ffi-ey  de 
Loulber  and  utchard  de  Loulhcr."  He  served  the  office  of 
sheriff  of  Cumberland,  18th  Henry  \  I. 

Sir  Hugh  de  Lowther,  knight,  son  and  heir  of  the  above, 
married  Mabel,  daughter  of  Sir  William  Lancaster  of  Sock- 
Sc  He  was  knight  of  the  shire  andshcriffof  the  county 
of  Cumberland.     He  died  15th  Edward  IV . 

Sir  Hueh  de  Lowther,  knight,  son  and  heir,  married  Anne, 
daughter  of  Sir  Lancelot  Threlkeld,  by  Margaret  Bromllet, 
heiress  of  Vescy,  and  widow  of  John,  Lord  Cliflord.  In  the 
17th  Henry  VII.  he  was  made  knight  of  the  Bath.  He  died 
circa  2nd  Henry  VIII.  leaving  issue  Jo/«h,  Lancelot,  Robert, 
Joan  (married  John  Fleming,  Esq.),  and  Mabel  (married 
John  Leigh,  Esq.) 

Sir  John  Lowther,  knight,  married  Lucy,  daughter  of 
Sir  Thomas  Curwen,  of  Workington.  He  had  issue  a  son 
Hugh  and  a  daughter  Mabel  married  to  Christopher  Dalston, 


372        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

of  Uldale,  Esq.  Sir  John  was  called  out  on  the  border 
service,  A.D.  1543,  with  one  hundred  horse  and  forty  foot, 
and  was  sheriff'  of  Cumberland  for  three  years.  He  had 
issue, 

Sir  Hugh  Lowther,  knight,  son  and  heir,  married  Dorothy, 
daughter  of  Henry,  Lord  Clifford,  and  by  her  had  issue, 

1.  Richard. 

2.  Gerard,  a  bencher  in  Lincoln's  Inn. 

3.  Margaret,  married  John  Richmond,  of  High-head 
castle,  Esq. 

4.  Anne,  married  Thomas  Wybergh,  of  Clifton,  Esq. 

5.  Frances,  married  Sir  Henry  Goodyer,  of  Powels- 
worth,  knight. 

6.  Barbara,  married  Thomas  Carleton,  of  Carleton, 
Esq. 

Sir  Hugh  died  before  his  father ;  his  eldest  son  Richard 
succeeded  his  grandfather  Sir  John. 

Sir  Richard  Lowther,  knight,  grandson  and  heir,  married 
Frances,  daughter  of  John  Middleton,  of  Middleton-hall, 
Esq.  He  succeeded  Henry,  Lord  Scrope  as  lord-warden 
of  the  West  Marches.  In  1568,  when  deputy-warden,  he 
conveyed  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  from  Cockermouth  to  the 
castle  of  Carlisle  ;  (see  pages  244,  254)  and  on  her  way  to 
Bolton,  where  she  was  subsequently  confined,  he  entertained 
her  majesty  at  Lowther-hall.  In  the  church  of  Lowther 
there  is  a  mural  monument  to  his  memory.  By  his  wife  he 
had  issue, 

L  John,  ob.  V.  p. 

2.  Christopher. 

3.  John,  ob.  s.  p. 

4.  Gerard,  Chief-Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  Ire- 
db.  s.  p. 

5.  Hugh,  a  captain  in  the  army. 

6.  Richard,  ob.  s.p. 

7.  Lancelot,  one  of  the  Barons  of  the  Exchequer  in 
Ireland. 

8.  William,  married  Eleanor  W^elberry,  oflngleton,  co. 
York,  from  whom  are  descended  the  Lowthers  of 
Ingleton. 

1.  Anne,  married  Alexander  Fethcrstonhaugh  of 
Northumberland,  Esq. 

2.  Florence. 

3.  Frances,  died  young. 


PARISH    OF    ST.   BEES. 


373 


4.  Margaret,  died  unmarried. 

5.  Dorothy,  died  young. 

6.  Mabel,  died  young.  .  m  v, 

7.  Frances,  married  Thomas  Clyburne  of  Clyburnc. 

Sir  Christopher  Lowther,  knight,  eldest  surviving  son 
and  heir  of  Sir  Richard,  married  Eleanor  daughter  of  Sir 
William  Musgrave  of  Hayton,  co.  Cumberland;  and  by  her 
had  issue, 

1.  John.  .      ,  .        i..,     1  ■         c 

2.  Gerard,  a  captain,  slain  m  the  service  of  the  king  ot 

Poland. 

3.  Richard,  abarrister-at-law. 

4.  Christopher,  in  holy  orders,  rector  of  Lowther. 

5.  William,  clerk  of  the  warrants  of  the  Common  Pleas 

in  Ireland.  nur    .  •    i 

G    Lancelot,  iu  holy  orders,  rector  of  Marton,  married 
Esther  Pierce  of  Dublin,  and  by  her  had  issue, 

Christopher  Lowther,  of  Colby  Laithes,  who  had 

a  son,  ,  „ 

Gerard  Lowther,  rector  of  Bowness,  lather  ot 

Henry  Lowther,  rector  of  Aikton,  who  had 

a  son, 

William  Lowther,  B.A.  rector  of  Low- 
ther. 
7    Robert,  alderman  of  the  city  of  London,   married 
■  firstly,  Margaret,  daughter  of  of  Thomas  Cutler,  of 
Steinburgh,  co.  York:  and  secondly,  ....  Holcroft, 
by  whom  he  had  two  sons, 
L  Anthony,  who  had  issue. 
Sir  William  Lowther,  of  Mask,  Bart.,  who,  by 
his  first  wife,  Catherine,  daughter  and  heir  of 
Thomas  Preston  of  Ilolker,  Esq.,  had  issue. 
Sir  Thomas  Lowther  of  Holker,  Bart.,  who 
by  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam  Cavendish,   Duke   of    Devonshire, 

had  issue  „  ,^  „  , 

Sir  'SV  illiam  Lowther  of  Holker  and 
Whitehaven,    Bart.,   who   died    un- 
married. 
2.  John,  married  the  widow  of  George  Preston,  of 
Holker,  Esq.,  and  died  in  1G97. 

1."  ISor,  married  Richard  Fallowfield,  of  Strickland- 
hall,  Esq. 

3    B 


374        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

2.  Anne. 

3.  Frances,  died  young. 

4.  Frances. 

Sir  Christopher  had  also  a  natural  son,  Sir  Gerard  Low- 
ther,  one  of  the  judges  in  Ireland. 

Sir  John  Lowther,  knight,  eldest  son  of  the  above  was 
knight  of  the  shire  for  Westmorland  in  four  parliaments. 
He  married  Eleanor,  daughter  of  William  Fleming  of  Rydal, 
Esq.,  by  whom  he  had  issue, 

1.  John. 

2.  Sir  Christopher,  created  Baronet  in  1642,  for 
whom  his  father  purchased  the  estates  of  St.  Bees 
and  Whitehaven.  He  died  in  1644.  Sir  Christopher 
married  Frances,  one  of  the  coheiresses  of  the  Lan- 
casters  of  Sockbridge,  and  by  her  had  issue. 

Sir  John  Lowther,  second  Baronet,  of  Sockbridge, 
afterwards  the  founder  of  Whitehaven,  who 
married  Jane,  daughter  of  Webley  Leigh,  co. 
Surrey,  Esq.,  and  had  issue,  (with  three  daugh- 
ters, Elizabeth,. Catherine,  and  Jane,) 

Sir  Christopher,  third  Baronet,  died  s.  p.  in 

1731. 
Sir  James,  fourth  Baronet,  died  unmarried  in 
1755,  worth  nearly  2,000,000/.  which  de- 
volved to  Sir  James  Lowther  afterwards 
the  first  Earl.  At  his  death  the  Baronetcy 
of  1642  expired.  He  was  M.P.  for  the  city 
of  Carlisle,  and  vice-admiral  of  the  county. 

3.  Sir  William,  of  Swillington,  from  whom  descended 
the  present  Earl. 

L  Agnes,  married  to   Roger  Kirkby   of  Furness,   co. 

Lancaster,  Esq. 
2.  Frances,  married  to   John  Dodsworth  of  Thornton 
Watlass,  CO.  York,  Esq. 
Sir  John  died  Sep.  15,  1637,  and  was  succeeded   by    iiis 
eldest  son. 

Sir  John  Lowther,  first  Baronet  of  Nova  Scotia  ;  so  creat- 
ed in  the  year  1610.  He  was  a  great  sufferer  in  the  royal 
cause.  During  the  usurpation  he  lived  retired ;  but  was 
one  of  the  knights  of  the  shire  for  Westmorland  in  the  par- 
liament at  the  restoration.  He  married,  firstly,  Mary, 
daughter  of  Sir  Richard  Fletcher,  of  Hutton,  by  whom  he 
had  issue, 


PARISH    OF   ST.    BEES,  375 

1.  John,  oh.  V.  p.  lie  nianied,  firstly,  Elizabeth, 
daughter  and  coheiress  of  Sir  Henry  Bellingham,  of 
Lcvens,  l?art.,  by  whom  he  had  issue, 

John,  aged  9  at  Sir  W.  Dugdale's  visitation  in 
1664;  of  whom  hereafter  as  first  Viscount 
Lonsdale. 

Mary,  married,  firstly,  George  Preston,  of  Holker, 

gentleman;  and  secondly,  John  Lowlher,  Esq., 

one  of  the   commissioners   of  the    revenue   in 

Ireland. 

By  his  second  wife,  Mary,  daughter  of  William  Withens, 

of  Elthain,  co.  Kent,  Esq.,  he  had  issue, 

William,  M.P.  for  the  City  of  Carlisle,  died  un- 
married. 

2.  Eichard,  who  died  yoimg. 

3.  Kichard,  of  Mauds  Meaburn,  M.P.  for  Appleby, 
grandfather  of  Sir  James  Lowther,  Bart.,  from  whom 
descended  James,  first  Earl.  He  married  Barbara, 
daughter  of  iiobert  Pricket,  of  Wresel  Castle,  co. 
York,  Esq.,  and  had  issue, 

Robert,  son  and  heir,  was  storekeeper  of  the 
Tower,  captain-general  and  govcrnor-in-chief  of 
Barbadoes.  He  married  Catherine,  only  daughter 
of  Sir  Joseph  Pennington,  of  Muncaster  Castle, 
Bart.,  by  Margaret,  his  wife,  fourth  daughter  of 
John,  Viscount  Lonsdale.  He  died  Sept.  1745, 
leaving  issue, 

James,  first  Earl  of  Lonsdale, 
llobert,  M.P.  for  Westmorland. 
Margaret,  married  to  Henry,  Earl  of  Darling- 
ton. 
Catherine,  married  to  Harry,  Duke  of  Bolton. 
Barbara. 
Christopher,  who  married  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir 
John  Cowper,  cousin-german  to  the  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Cowper. 
Richard,  a  captain. 
Eleanor,  married  to  ....  Barnard,  M.D.  of  York. 

4.  Christopher,  a  Turkey  Merchant  in  London. 

5.  Hugh,  a  merchant  in  London. 

1.  Mary,  died  young. 

2.  Eleanor,  married  Sir  Christopher  Wandesford,  of 
Kirklinton,  co.  York,  Bart. 

3.  Barbara,  married  John  Bielby,  of  Grange,  co.  York, 
Esq. 

3  B  2 


376         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

4.  Anne. 

5.  Mary,  married  Edward  Trotter,  of  Skelton  Castle, 
CO.  York,  Esq. 

6.  Frances,  married  Sir  Thomas  Pennyman,  of  Ormesby, 
CO.  York,  Bart. 

By  his  second  wife,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Hare,  of  Stowe-Bardolfe,  co.  Norfolk,  knight,  and  widow  of 
Wooley  Leigh,  Esq.,  he  had  issue, 

1.  Ralph,  father  of  John  Lowther,  M.P.  for  Pontefract 
in  1722. 

2.  William,  counsellor-at-law. 

3.  Robert. 

And   four   daughters,    Mary,    Anne,    Elizabeth,    and 
Margaret,  the  latter  of  whom  married  Sir  John   Au- 
brey, of  Llantrithed,  co.  Glamorgan,  Bart. 
Sir  John  died  in  the  year  1675,  and  was  succeeded  by  his 
grandson. 

Sir  John  Lowther,  of  Lowther,  second  Baronet,  grandson 
and  heir,  was  born  1655,  at  Hackthorp-hall,  and  educated 
at  the  Free  Grammar  School  at  Appleby  and  Queen's  college, 
O.xford.  He  was  a  considerable  benefactor  to  the  above 
school,  and  was  often  returned  M.P.  for  Westmorland.  Sir 
John  rebuilt  the  rectory-house  and  church  of  Lowther.  He 
distinguished  himself  by  influencing  the  counties  of  Cum- 
berland and  Westmorland  in  favour  of  William  HL,  and 
secured  the  city  of  Carlisle.  For  these  services,  on  the 
accession  of  king  William,  Sir  John  was  constituted  vice- 
chamberlain  of  his  majesty's  household,  a  member  of  his 
privy  council,  and  lord-lieutenant  of  the  county  of  West- 
morland in  1689.  In  the  following  year,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  lords  of  the  treasury. 

On  the  28th  of  May,  1696,  Sir  John  was  created  Baron 
Lowther  of  Lowther,  and  Viscount  Lonsdale.  Lithe  year 
1699,  he  was  made  lord  privy-seal,  and  was  twice  appointed 
to  the  office  of  one  of  the  lords  justices  for  the  government 
of  the  kingdom  during  the  absence  of  the  king. 

Viscount  Lonsdale  left  in  MS.  "  Alemoirs  of  the  Reign  of 
JamosH."  which  the  present  Earl  of  Lonsdale  printed  in 
4to.  at  York,  in  1808,  with  the  "  Life  and  Character  of 
John,  first  Viscount  Lowther,"  prefixed  to  it.  In  this  Life 
it  is  said  that  when  ill  health  in  1699,  "  compelled  him  to 
decline  his  attendance  upon  Parliament  for  some  time,  he 
returned  to  his  seat  at  Lowther,  where  he  enjoyed  that 
happy  solitude  which  he  called  '  his  dearest  companion  and 


PARISH   OF    ST.    BEES.  377 

entertainment.'"  "  He  took  great  pleasure  in  adorning  liis 
magnificent  house,  with  paintings  of  the  most  eminent  artists  ; 
and  indulged  his  taste  for  rural  elegance  in  improvinc  the 
aspect  of  the  whole  country,  in  embellishing  and  enriching 
its  noble  scenery,  by  those  extensive  plantations,  which  he 
formed  and  nurtured  with  the  tendcrest  care.  Relieved 
from  the  toil  and  fatigues  of  public  engagements,  he  experi- 
enced a  never-failing  source  of  gratification  in  the  recreation 
of  his  garden." 

He  died  10th  July,  1700,  aged  45,  leaving  issue,   (by  his 
wife,  Catherine,  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Frederick  Thynne,) 

1 .  Richard. 

2.  Henry. 

3.  Anthony,  one  of  the  commissioners  of  the  revenue 
in  Ireland,  M.P.  for  Cockermouth  in  1714,  and  after- 
wards knight  of  the  shire  for  Westmorland.  He  died 
unmarried,  in  1741. 

1.  Mary,  married  to  Sir  John  Wentworth  of  North 
Elmsal,  CO.  York.  Bart. 

2.  Elizabeth,  married  to  Sir  William  Eamsden,  of  By- 
rom,  CO.  York,  Bart. 

3.  Jane,  who  died  unmarried,  in  1752. 

4.  Margaret,  married  to  Sir  Joseph  Pennington,  of 
Muncaster,  co.  Cumberland,  Bart. 

5.  Barbara,  married  to  Thomas  Howard,  of  Corby 
castle,  CO.  Cumberland,  Esq. 

Richard  Lowther,  second  Viscount  Lonsdale,  son  and  heir 
died  at  Lowther,  unmarried,  in  the  year  1713,  aged  21. 
TickcU  dedicated  his  "Oxford"  to  this  nobleman.  He  was 
succeeded  by  his  brother  and  heir,  Henry. 

Henry  Lowther,  third  Viscount  Lonsdale,  in  1715  was 
constituted  custos  rolulorum,  and  subsequently  lord-lieuten- 
ant of  the  counties  of  Cumberland  and  Westmorland.  In  this 
year  he  assembled  a  body  of  upwards  of  10,000  men  to  op- 
pose the  Pretender,  (see  Leath  Ward,  page  24.) 

Lord  Lonsdale  was  appointed  one  of  the  lords  of  the 
bedchamber,  constable  of  the  tower  of  London,  lord-lieu- 
tenant of  the  Tower-hamlets,  and  lord  privy-seal.  He  also 
died  unmarried,  "  universally  esteemed  and  lamented,"  r2th 
March,  17.30,  when  the  peerage  became  extinct,  but  the 
baronetcy  descended  to  James  Lowther,  Esq.  grandson  of 
Richard,  third  sou  of  Sir  John,  first  baronet,  who  died  in 
1G75. 


37S        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERW'ENT. 

Sir  James  Lowther,  of  Lowther,  Baronet,  (son  and  heir  of 
Robert  Lowther  of  Mauds  Meaburn,  Esq.,)  by  the  death  of 
his  father,  and  of  Henry  Viscount  Lonsdale,  and  of  Sir 
^\  illiam  Lowther,  baronet,  became  possessed  of  the  three 
great  inheritarces  of  Clauds  Meaburn,  Lowther,  and  'White- 
haven. 

Sir  James  was  an  alderman  of  the  city  of  Carlisle,  M.P. 
for  the  counties  of  Westmorland  and  Cumberland,  and  lord- 
lieutenant  and  custos  roluloj'um  for  those  counties.  In  1755, 
he  succeeded  to  the  immense  property  of  his  kinsman  Sir 
James  of  ^Vhitebaven,  which  was  estimated  at  2,000,000/. 
In  1761,  he  married  Lady  Margaret,  daughter  of  John  Stuart, 
Earl  of  Bute.  In  the  year  1784,  he  was  elevated  to  the 
peerage  by  the  titles  of  Baron  Lowther  and  Baron  Kendal, 
CO.  Westmorland,  Baron  Burgh,  co.  Cumberland,  Viscount 
Lonsdale,  Viscount  Lowther,  and  Earl  of  Lonsdale;  and  in 
1797,  his  lordship  obtained  a  new  patent,  creating  him  Baron 
and  Viscount  Lowther,  of  Whitehaven,  with  remainder  to  the 
heirs  male  of  his  third  cousin  the  Kev.  Sir  William  Lowther, 
of  Swillington,  Bart.,  in  holy  orders,  prebendary  of  York. 
The  Earl  of  Lonsdale  died  2-lth  May,  1802,  without  issue, 
when  the  titles  of  1797*  descended  to  his  kinsman  Sir 
AVilliam  Lowther,  Bart.,  son  and  heir  of  the  above  Rev.  Sir 
William. 

William  Lowther,  second  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  K.G.,  F.S.A. 
The  present  Earl  succeeded  as  Viscount  Lowther,  in  1802  ; 
in  the  year  1807,  he  was  created  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  and  soon 
after  was  installed  a  knight  of  the  most  noble  Order  of  the 
Garter.  His  lordship  was  recorder  of  the  city  of  Carlisle, 
is  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  army,  and  lord-lieutenant  of  the 
counties  of  Westmorland  and  Cumberland.  In  1781,  his 
lordship  married  the  Lady  .Vugusta  Fane,  eldest  daughter  of 
John,  ninth  Earl  of  Westmorland.  This  excellent  and 
benevolent  lady  died  in  1838,  and  was  interred  in  the  church 
of  Lowther.     By  this  lady  his  lordship  had  issue, 

1.  William,  Viscount  Lowther,  M.P.,  F.R  S.,  F.S.A.  is 
a  Commissioner  of  Greenwich  Hospital ;  born  30th 
July,  1787. 

2.  IIenry-Cccil,born27th  July,  1790, M.?.,alieutenant- 
colonel  in  the  army  ;  married,  1817,  Lucy-Eleanor, 
eldest  daughter  of  Philip,  fifth  Earl  of  Harborough, 
by  whom  he  has  had  issue, 

1.  Henry,  born  27th  March,  1818. 

*  Those  of  1784  and  the  baronetcy  of  1640,  expired  at  his  death. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  379 

2.  Arthur,  born  12th  July,  1820. 

3.  William,  born  14lh  Dec.  1821. 

4.  Eleanor-Cecily,  born  20th  Dec.  1822. 

5.  Augusta-Mary,  born  24th  Doc.  1825. 

6.  Constantia,  born  4th  July,  1831. 

7.  A  daughter,  born  9th  October,  1832. 

1.  Elizabeth,  born  1st  Sept.,  1784. 

2.  Mary,  born  28th  October,  1785;  married  1820  Lord 
Frederick  Bentinck,  son  of  William  Henry  Cavendish, 
third  Duke  of  Portland,  K.G.,  and  has  issue. 

3.  Anne,  born  11th  Dec.  1788;  married,  1817,  the 
Right  Hon.  Sir  John  Docket,  Bart. 

4.  Caroline,  born  17th  Feb.  1792;  married,  1815,  Lord 
AVilliam  John  Frederick  Pawlet,  son  of  William 
Harry,  Marquis  of  Cleveland. 

The  Cii.vpel  of  St.  Nicholas. 

Until  tlic  year  1G93  there  was  no  place  for 
Divine  service  in  Whitehaven,  e.xcepting  "a  little 
old  chapel"  (see  page  362,)  which  was  then  taken 
clown.  The  present  spacious  edifice  was  erected 
by  Sir  John  Lowther,  IJart.  and  the  inhabitants, 
at  the  expence  of  10661.  I6s.  2}jd.  The  conse- 
cration was  performed  16th  July,  1693.  The 
inhabitants  petitioned  the  House  of  Commons 
(as  in  the  subjoined  note)  that  this  chapel  might 
be  made  a  jiarish-church  ;  but  their  rc({uest  was 
not  granted.*     Although  the  building  was  com- 

•  The  Case  of  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Town  and  Port  of  Whitehaven,  in 
the  parish  of  Saint  Bees,  in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  in  Relation 
to  their  being  made  a  separate  pariah,  IjC,  humbly  offered  to  the  con- 
sideration qf  the  Honourable  House  (/Ccvmons — 

The  said  town  and  port  of  Whilohavcii  is  situated  ou  the  sea  shore, 
near  four  miles  distant  from  the  parish  church,  which  said  town  about 
sixty  years  since,  consisted  but  of  nine  or  ten  thatched  cottages. 

That  there  arc  now  above  four  hundred  and  fifty  families  in  the  said 
town,  producing  in  all  two  thousand  two  hundred  and  twenty-two  inha- 
bitants, of  whom,  not  above  tiftcen  have  estates  in  the  parish,  and  the 


380        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

menced  in  or  before  August,  1687,  it  was  not 
completed  until  1G93. 

The  chapel  was  certified  to  the  governors  of 
Queen  Ann's  bounty  at  about  60/.  per  annum ; 
of  which  40/.  ai'ose  from  the  seats,  and  the  re- 
mainder from  contributions.  Since  that  period 
it  has  received  a  parliamentary  gi-ant  of  800/. 
The  benefice  is  a  perpetual  curacy.  On  a  vacancy 
occurring  in  the  incumbency,  the  seat-holders 
chose  two,  one  of  whom  the  lord  of  the  manor 
nominates  to  the  Bishop.  The  living  was  re- 
turned to  the  commissioners  for  enquiring  con- 
cerning ecclesiastical  revenues  as  of  the  average 

rest  of  them,  only  such,  riches  as  are  in  casualties,  depending  ou  their 
trade  at  sea,  and  the  security  of  their  ships  and  harboiu',  which  are  sub- 
ject to  many  dangers  by  lire,  enemies,  or  otherwise. 

The  said  town  is,  of  late  years,  very  much  improved  in  trade ;  and,  by 
great  expence  and  charge  of  the  Honourable  Sir  John  Lowther,  Baronet, 
and  the  inhabitants,  it  is  made  a  convenient  port  and  harbour  for  ships, 
to  the  great  increase  of  his  majesty's  revenue,  and  the  benefit  of  (lie  ad- 
jacent country. 

The  inhabitants  of  the  said  town  and  port  (being  sensible  of  the  great 
inconveniences  they,  and  the  strangers  resorting  thither,  did  daily  suffer, 
for  want  of  a  church  sufficient  to  receive  all  persons  frequenting  divine 
service  there)  did  readily  and  cheerfully  contribute,  with  the  said  Sir 
John  Lowther,  Baronet,  to  the  building  of  a  convenient  church,  for  the 
service  and  worship  of  God,  which  church  was  consecrated  by  his  Lord- 
ship the  Bishop  of  Chester  the  16th  of  July,  1693. 

But,  there  being  no  regular  provision  made  for  the  repairs  and  support 
of  the  said  church,  or  for  the  preservation  of  the  said  harbour,  so  that 
both  are  in  great  danger  of  falling  to  decay  and  utter  ruin,  for  want  of  an 
equal  distribution  of  the  charge  such  public  works  require,  for  the  main- 
tenance thereof;  the  said  inhabitants,  therefore,  are  now  humble  peti- 
tioners, with  the  said  Sir  John  Lowther,  Baronet,  That  the  said  town 
may  be  made  a  distinct  parish  of  itself,  and  they  thereby  enabled  to  finish 
and  support  their  church,  and  preserve  their  harbour,  on  which  their 
happiness  and  welfare  do  absolutely  depend. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  381 

annual  value  of  ISS/.  The  ecclesiastical  courts 
for  the  deanery  of  Copcland  are  holden  in  this 
cliapel ;  and  here  the  Bishop  of  Chester  holds 
visitations  and  confirmations.  Four  houses  (three 
of  which  are  of  small  value)  belong  to  this  chapel. 
As  a  further  augmentation  of  the  endowment  of 
this  and  the  chapels  of  the  Moly  Trinity  and  of 
St.  James,  ^^■illiam,  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  gave  the 
small  tithes  of  St.  Bees,  the  profits  of  wliich  are 
to  be  equally  divided  between  the  ministers  of 
the  three  chapels.  The  Rev.  Joseph  Askew, 
M.A.,  is  the  assistant-curate. 

List  of  Incumbents. 

1693   Yates. 

....   Francis  Yates,  L.L  B.f 
1738  Curwen  Hudleston,  M.A.+ 
1771  Wilfrid  Hudleston,  B.A.|| 
1811  Andrew  Hudleston,  D.D. 
The  Chapel  of  St.  Nicholas  is  a  plain  building, 
with  nothing  ecclesiastical  in  its  external  appear- 
ance excepting  the  tower.     Internally,  however, 
it  is  handsomely  fitted  up.     The  organ  (built  by 
Snetzler)  is  placed  over  the  altar ;  beneath  it  is 
a  painting  of  the  Last  Supper,  by  ^latthias  Reed. 
The  pew  of  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale  has  some  elab- 
orate carving. 

Near  the  altar-table  is  this  mural  inscription — 

Sacred 

To  the  Memory  of 

JAMES  RICHARDSON  of  Carleton  Lodge, 

t  Married  Ann,  daughter  of  Charles  Orfcur,  Esq.,  by  whom  lie  had 
issue,  Lowlher  Yates,  D.D.,  master  of  Catheriiio  Hall,  Cambridge,  and 
prebendary  of  Norwich  ;  and  John  Orfeur  of  Skirwith  abbey,  Esq. 

♦  See  monumental  inscription. 

I  Rector  of  Handsworth ;  see  monumental  inscription,  page  384. 

3  c 


382        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

Esq,,  who  died  (he  10th  diy  of  May,  1811, 

Aged  26  years. 

His  widow,  Jane  Richardson,  caused  this  monument 

to  be  erected  in  grateful  tribute  to  his  memory. 

JANE,  his  Widow, 

who  died  on  the  6th  day  of  September,  1833, 

Aged  47  years. 

Under  the  tower  is  a  mural  tablet  with  this 
inscription — 

JOHN  HARTLEY,  Esquire 
Died  the  12th  of  March,  1801, 

aged  66  years. 

ELIZABETH  HARTLEY, 

his  wife, 

Died  the  13th  of  September,  1801, 

aged  63  years. 

On  another: — 

ELIZABETH  HARTLEY 

wife  of  Thomas  Hartley,  of  Gillfoot,  Esq. 

Died  the  5th  of  April,  1800, 

in  the  51st  year  of  her  age. 

THOMAS  HARTLEY,  Esq. 

of  Gillfoot, 

Died  the  23rd  of  March,  1815, 

in  the  71st  year  of  his  age. 

On  another : — 

Mr.  WILLIAM  GALE 

departed  this  life 

May  the  9th,  1774, 

In  the  81st  year  of  his  age. 

MARGARET  his  Wife 

Died  the  25th  of  September,  1759, 

In  the  70th  year  of  her  age. 

In  whose  memory  this  plain 

monument  is  erected  by  theii 

Son  John  Gale, 

And  Daughter 

Isabella  Curwen. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  383 

On  another : — 

Near  this  place  lies  interred 
Mr.  GEOllGE  GRIFFIN, 
■who  died  Glh  March,  1756, 

Aged  39  years. 

He  was  a  man  remarkable 

for  his  honest  industry 

and  filial  duty. 

On  another : — 

Sacrum  Memoria; 

ELIZABETHS  Dilectissima;  Conjugis 

CUBWENI  HUDI.ESTON  hujus  Eccl.  Ministri 

(Qua;  farevi  Vita;  Spatio 

Filia;  pioe,  Uxoris  amantissima: 

Parentis  indulgentissiraa;,  Socio;  fidelissimee 

ChristianiE  deraum  Optima; 

OiEciis  fajliciter  fimcta 

Puerperio  abrepta 

Objit  6,  Decbris.  1738,  Annos  natu  24 ; 

Supcistitibus  relictis,  duabus  Filiabus 

Isabelli  &  Jocosi  : 

Hoc  (qualecunqsit)  pcrpetua;  Charitatis  Monumcntura 

Qua  erga  pra;stantissiniam  Conjugcm  tenetur 

Maerensposuit 

C.  H. 

Omecum  reputa,  qui  hsec  legis 

Quam  brevis  Suavissimas  hujus  Vitoe  DeliciM 

Voluit  Esse  Deus  Opt.  Max, 

Et  tondum  Munitus  ad  eas  aspirarc  discas 

Qua;  .lEterna;  sunt  futura;. 

A  mural  tablet  near  the  tower  bears  this  m- 
scription  : — 

Sacred 

To  the  memory 

OftheRov.  CURWEN   HUDLESTON,  A.M., 

formerly  Minister  of  this  Chapel, 

■who  died  on  the  24lh  of  March,  1771 ; 

Of  WILLIAM  SHAMMON,  his  Son-in-Law, 

3    C    2 


3S4         ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Lieutenant  in  the  Koyal  Navy, 

wlio  died  on  tlie  29tli  of  November,  1795  ; 

Of  JOHN  HUDLESTON,  his  Son, 

who  died  on  the  24th  of  April,  1803 ; 

And  of  JOYCE  SHAMMON,  his  only  Daughter, 

and  Widow  of  said  WUUam  Shammon, 

who  died  on  the  9th  of  April,  1824, 

and  at  whose  desire  this  tablet  is  erected. 

Also  of  the 

Reverend  WILFRID  HUDLESTON,  his  Son,  B.A., 

late  Minister  of  this  Chapel, 

who  died  on  the  7th  of  April,  1829, 

and  is  interred  in  the  Church  yard  of  the 

Parish  of  Handsworth,  near  Sheffield, 

of  which  Parish  he  was  Rector. 

On  another : — 

Erected 

to  the  memory  of 

HENRY  LITTLEDALE,  Gentlemak, 

late  an  eminent  Attorney 

and  most  valuable  member  of  Society, 

who  departed  this  life 

on  the  24th  day  of  April,  1779, 

aged  33  years. 

Having  lived  an  ornament  to  the 

Profession  and  to  human  nature. 

He  died  universally  respected. 

Henry  Littledale  married 

Mary,  the  eldest  Daughter  of 

Robert  Watters,  Esq., 

on  the  1st  day  of  February,  1776, 

by  whom  he  had  issue  two  Daughters, 

CATHARINE,  the  Younger, 

who  died  August  the  7th,  1793, 

aged  1 5  years,  and  is  interred  here  ; 

ANN,  the  Eldest,  who  died  March  11th,  1794, 

aged  17  years,  and  is  interred  at 

Twickenham,  in  Middlesex, 

wheie  a  monument  is  erected. 


PARISH   OF   ST.    BEES,  385 

MARY,  their  Mother,  who  afterwards  married 

Anthony  Benn,  Esq.,  of  Hcnsingham, 

Died  the  7  th  of  February,  1818,  aged  65  years, 

and  was  interred  here. 

"  The  patient  abiding  of  the  meek 

shall  not  perish  forever." 

On  the  wall,  outside  of  the  church,  is  a  tablet 
with  the  following  inscription.  The  arms  are 
three  steel  morions,  impaling  a  lion  statant  guar- 
dant : — 

Near  to  this  Momiment  lyes  the  Body 

of  the  truly  Tirtuous  and  pious  HANNAH, 

Wife  of  THOS.  LUTWIDGE,  Mercht , 

obt.  Jun.  6,  1721,  .lEtat.  48,  interred 

in  the  same  grave  with  their  Son, 

PALMER,  bom  Jun.  19,  1703,  ob.  Aprl.  10,  1704. 

Near  this  place  lies  CORDELIA,  ye 

Daugh.  of  Mr.  Thos.  &  Mrs.  L.  Lutwidge. 

And  also  LUCY,  their  Daugr.,  died 

Augt.  ye  12lh.  173G,  aged  15  mos. 

On  another : — 

To  the  Memory  of 

JOHN,  ELIZ.,  and  ANN  BENN  ;  the  fiist 

killed  on  the  Coast  of  Africa,  the 

two  last  interred  near  this  place.    This 

Monument  is  erected  at  the  request 

of  the  sd.  Ann,  by  hei  Executors, 

1786. 

The  Chapel  of  the  Holy  Trinity. 

This  chapel  was  erected  in  the  year  1715,  by 
James  Lowther,  Esq.  and  others  of  the  inhabi- 
tants, on  ground  given  by  Mr.  Lowther.  It 
was  certified  at  about  GO/. ;  of  which  10/.  arose 
from  the  seats,  by  agreement  before  the  conse- 
cration ;  and  the  remainder  from  contributions. 


386         ALLERDALR    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

The  benefice  is  a  perpetual  curacy.  The  nomi- 
nation of  the  incumbent  is  alternately  in  the  Earl 
of  Lonsdale  and  the  seat-holders.  The  living 
was  returned,  in  1831,  to  the  commissioners  for 
enquiring  concerning  ecclesiastical  revenues  as 
of  the  averaje  annual  value  of  250/.  ;  and  is  now 
worth  2S0/.  It  has  been  augmented  by  William, 
Earl  of  Lonsdale  (see  page  381).  There  are 
two  houses  belonging  to  this  chapel.  The  Earl 
of  Lonsdale  gave  200/.,  and  the  like  sum  was 
given  by  the  late  incumbent,  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Harrison,  INLA.,  with  which  400/.  was  procured 
from  Queen  Ann's  bounty. 

List  of  Incumbents. 

1715  John  Dalton.* 

1 729  AVilliam  Brisco.f 

1745  Thomas  Sewell. 

1781  Charles  Cobbe  Church.J 

1808  Thomas  Harrison,  ISI.A.,  oh.  1840. 

1840  Thomas  Dalton. 

The  chapel  of  the  Holy  Trinity  is  built  in  a 
similar  style  to  that  of  St.  Nicholas.  The  altar- 
table  is  placed  in  a  semicircular  recess,  and  is 
surmounted  by  a  painting  of  the  Ascension,  by 
Matthias  Reed.  The  organ  was  built  by  Wren 
of  Manchester. 

Near  the  tower  is  a  marble  monument  to  the 
memory  of  Sir  James  Lowther,  the  fourth  and 
last  baronet  of  his  bi-anch  of  the  family,  who  died 
without  issue  in  1 755,  and  was  succeeded  in  his 

•  Rector  of  Distington,  1712— 1729;  see  monumental  inscription,  p, 
388, 

t  Rector  of  Distington. 
X  See  monumental  inscription,  p.  389. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  387 

Whitehaven  estates  by  Sir  James  Lowther,  of 
Lowther,  Bart.,  afterwards  first  Earl  of  Lons- 
dale.    It  bears  the  following  inscription  : — 

Sertc  postcritati  consecretur 

memorioD  JACOBI  LOWTHER  Baronetti, 

viri  perantiquS.  majorum  prosapii  oriund. 

natunc  &  fortunn;  dotibus  locuplctati ; 

qui  patris  prtestaiitissinii  vestigiU  insistcns, 

non  tarn  sibi  quaui  iii  publicos  usus  largas  erogavit  opes. 

Judi<:io  gravi  et  subacto,  iiigciiio  prompto  et  acuto  pra!ditus, 

summo  efl'ccit  consilio,  ut  oppidum  lioc 

in  quo,  pauculis  abliinc  annis,  nihil  ante  oculos  obscrvabautur 

priEtcr  magalia  ct  humiles  piscatorum  casulas, 

quasi  in  splendidam  urbeni, 

ilorcntissimam  commercii  scdem  exsurgeret, 

portu  lulissimo,  aidificiis  amocuis,  perpulchro  platearum  ordine 

&  magni  hominum  frequcntii  exornalum. 

In  senatu  se  incorruptum  &  patriae  ornatissimum  adbibuit : 

ecclesisE  Anglicans,  libertatis  legiim  vindcx  accerrimus ; 

nee  privati  civis  munia  minus  fidclitcr  administravit, 

omni  sane  laudatione  dignus 

propter  tcmperantiam  ct  prima;vam  morum  simplicitateni : 

pietatem  erga  Deum,  &  charilatem  erga  pauperes  et  egenos, 

non  speciosam  istam  &  commenlitiam 

qurc  in  propatulo  gaudct  famam  inancm  aucupavi, 

sed  veram  et  genuinam, 

scjunctam  scilicet  et  a  publica  luce  semotum. 

Diem  obiit  supremum  iv  nonas  Januarii 
Anno  salutis  MDCCLV  ct  a;tatis  LXXXI. 

OULIELMUS  VICECOMES  DE  LOWTHER, 

cui  luculenta  ejus  et  magna  ha^rcdilus  obvenil, 

mai'mor  hoc  poui  curavit, 
giatissimi  animi  ct  amoris  iidissimi  testimonium. 

In  the  church-yard  is  a  gravestone  inscribed 
in  memory  of  nine  persons  of  tlie  name  of  liirk- 
head,  whose  ages  average  72  years.  The  family 
was  well-known  in  the  town  from  their  connec- 
tion with  the  post-ollice  through  a  very  long 
period. 


388        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

In  the  vestry  is  a  mural  tablet  with  this   in- 
scription— 

Here  lies  the  body  of  the  Rev.  JOHN  DALTON,  Rector  of  Dis- 
tington,  and  first  minister  of  tliis  chapel.  A  diligent,  learned,  and  most 
persuasive  preacher ;  for  his  doctrine  was  enforced  by  the  irresistible 
eloquence  of  an  example  conspicuous  for  unaffected  piety  and  universal 
charity.  He  was  in  the  most  trying  conjuncttu'es,  an  able  and  zealous 
advocate  for  the  constitution  in  Church  and  State ;  But  treated  those 
who  had  imbibed  prejudice  against  them  with  much  candour  and  meek- 
ness ;  has  convinced  many  of  the  Goodness  of  his  Cause ;  all  of  the 
uprightness  of  his  intentions.  Devoted  to  the  duties  of  his  holy  profession, 
he  was  perhaps  too  regardless  of  temporal  concerns,  but  the  defect  was 
supplied  by  the  prudent  care  and  economy  of  a  faithful  and  affectionate 
wife,  and  the  Blessing  of  that  Gracious  Providence  in  which  he  always 
trusted,  and  which  has  never  forsaken  his  posterity.  He  had  five  children, 
Jane,  John,  Jonathan,  Henry,  and  Richard.  Jonathan  died  before 
Henry,  a  few  years  after  his  Father.  Their  mother  died  in  London 
Anno  Domini  1747.  His  surviving  children  visiting  this  place  many 
years  after  his  death,  had  the  unspeakable  pleasure  of  finding  their 
father's  Piety  and  virtue  still  revered  by  his  parishioners,  his  example 
esteemed  by  a  worthy  clergy,  and  his  memory  dear  to  all.  To  perpetuate 
that,  and  for  a  testimony  of  their  gratitude  to  such  excellent  Parents, 
Jane,  John,  and  Richard  Dalton,  erected  this  monument  Anno  Domini 

1754. 

Born  Anno  Dom.  167 i. 

Died  1729. 

On  another : — 

To  the  memory  of 

DOROTHY 

The  wife  of  JAMES  JACKSON,  Merchant, 

who  was 

Virtuous,  Pious,  Charitable, 

A  sincere  Friend, 

A  tender  and  most  loving  Wife. 

This  monument  is  erected 

as  a  testimony  of  his  inviolable  affection, 

by 

Her  sorrowful  and  much  afflicted  Husband. 

She  was  born  at  Kirklinton,  being  the 


PARISH    OF    ST,    BEES. 


389 


Daugliter  of  Joseph  Appelby,  Esq.,  and  by  her 
mother  descended  from  the  antient  and 

honorable  family  of  the  Dacres  in 

Gilsland,  and  died  universally  esteemed 

and  lamented,  July  the  19th,  1740,  aged 

48  years. 

Mb.  JAMES  JACKSON  died  July  16th, 

1757,  aged  72  years. 

SARAH  JACKSON  his  wife, 

Died  Augt.  10th,  1763,  aged  61  years. 

A  mural  tablet  on  the  north  side  of  the  church 
bears  this  inscription  : — • 

To  the  memory  of 

CHARLES  COBBE  CHURCH, 

■who  was  24  years  minister 

of  this  chapel,  and  died  March  the  26th,  1808, 

iu  the  G4th  year  of  his  Age. 

A  mural  tablet  on  the  north  side  of  the  church 
bears  this  inscription  : — 

Sacred 

To  the  memory  of 

MAEY  ANN,  the  affectionate  and  beloved  wife 

of  JOHN  MOORE,  who  soon  after  delivery  of 

a  still-born  male  child,  died  Feb.  14th,  1836, 

Aged  29  years. 

This  monument  is  erected  as  a  tribute  of  respect 

By  her  bereaved  husband. 

A  handsome  mural  monument  of  white  marble 
on  the  south  side  of  the  church  bears  this  in- 
scription : — 

In  Memory  of 

JOHN  LITTLEDALE,  Esq., 

Collector  of  Customs  of  this  port, 

■who  departed  this  life,  the  29th  of  OcU.,  1834, 

aged  63  years. 

And  of 

SARAH,  his  wife,  who  died  the  12th  of  Jan.,  1825, 

3    D 


390        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

aged  49  years. 

And  of 

Six  of  their  children  who  died  in  infancy. 

Another  is  thus  inscribed  : — 

In 

Memory  of 

JOHN  SPEDDING,  Esq. 

of  Armathwaite  Hall, 

who  died  Sep.  26th  1781,  aged  34  years  : 

And  of  MARGARET,  his  wife, 

■who,  for  the  happiness  of  their  children,  was  spared  till 

June  the  7th  1797,  when,  at  the  age  of  49  years, 

On  her  road  from  Bristol  Hot  Wells, 

She  was  taken  from  her  sorrowing  Family. 

Her  remains  are  interred 

at  Berkley,  in 

Gloucestershire. 

On  the  east  wall,  north  of  the  altar-table,  is  a 
marble  monument,  with  a  head  of  the  deceased 
in  a  medallion,  and  bearing  this  inscription  : — 

Sacred  to  the  Memory 

of 

JAMES  SPEDDING,  Esq., 

who  departed  this  life  22nd  of  August, 

1788, 

In  the  sixty-eighth  year  of  his  age. 

This  monument 

was  caused  to  be  erected 

by  his  affectionate  widow,  ELIZABETH, 

who  died  on  the  I2th  of  August, 

1821, 

In  the  sevenly-sixth  year  of  her  age. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  altar-table  is  a  mural 
tablet,  with  arms,  and  this  inscription  : — 

Sacred 

To  the  memory 

of 


PARISH  OF  ST.  BEES.  391 

JOHN  BATEMAN,  Esq., 

Who  departed  this  life 

in  the  sixty-seventh  year  of  his  age, 

A.  D:   181G. 

Under   the  tower  is   a  mural  monument  of 
marble,  with  this  inscription  : — 

Mr.  James  Spedding 

Erected  this  Monument 

In  memory  of  his  virtuous  parents, 

Mr.  CARLISLE  SPEDDING.  ^ho  died  Aug  8th,  1755,  JE.  59  years, 

and 

Mrs.  SARAH  SPEDDING,  who  died  July  10th,  1771,  JE.  74  years. 

And  also 

In  memory  of  his  amiable  and  affectionate  Wife 

Mrs.  MARY  SPEDDING, 

Second  Daughter  of  the  late  Mr.  Henry  Todd,  of  St.  Bees, 

who  died  March  11th,  1777, 

M.  56  years. 

On  another  : — 

Sacred  to  the  Memory  of 

JOHN  PENNYFEATHER, 

Who  died  at  Whitehaven  Castle,  on  the  4  day  of  April,  1840, 

Aged  84  years. 
Seventy  of  which  he  spent  as  Gardener  in  the  service  of  the 
First  and  Second  Eabls  of  Lonsdale. 
In  the  exercise  of  an  extensive  Benevolence,  Mr.  Pennyfeather  contri- 
buted liberally  to  the  support  of  several  charitable  Institutions  in  this 
Town  as  well  as  to  others  in  the  County  of  Wostmorhmd  ;  and  at  h.s 
Deith  bequeathed  various  sums  of  money  for  the  like  laudable  purpose. 
The  beneficence  thus  exemplified,  and  the  munificent  donation  towards 
the  erection  of  an  Organ  in  this  Chapel,  will  long  cause  the  name  of  the 
deceased  to  be  held  in  grateful  remembrance. 

The  Chapel  of  St.  James. 

This    Chapel   was    erected  in  1752;  and  has 
also  received  a  grant  of  800/.,  and  an  augmenta- 
3  D  2 


392        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

tion  by  William,  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  (see  page  381.) 
The  benefice  is  a  perpetual  curacy,  in  the  gift 
of  his  lordship.  It  was  returned  to  the  commis- 
sioners for  enquiring  concerning  ecclesiastical 
revenues  as  of  the  average  annual  value  of  200/. 

List  of  Incumbents. 

1752  Thomas  Spedding,  M.A.  * 
1783  Richard  Armitstead,  M.A.f 
1821  William  Jackson,  B.D.  % 
1833  John  Jenkins. 

Under  the  tower  is  a  marble  mural  monument, 
with  this  inscription : — 

In  memory  of  the 
Reverend  THOMAS  SPEDDING,  A.M., 

first  Minister  of  this  Chapel, 

who  died  April  24th,  1783,  iE.  61  years. 

In  him  were  most  agreeably  imited 

The  tender  husband. 

The  affectionate  parent. 

The  faithful  friend. 

The  worthy  Pastor,  and 

(Reader,  if  thou  requirest  yet  more) 

The  honest  man. 

He  was  sincerely  respected  through  life,  and 

In  his  death,  universally  lamented, 

But  by  none 

More  than  by  his  numerous 

Admiring  Congregation. 

ISABELLA,  the  wife  of  the 

Revd.  Thos.  Spedding,  A.M. 

Died  May  29th,  1787,  aged  62  years. 

•  See  moniunental  inscription,  page  392, 
t  Rector  of  Moresby;  ob.  1821. 
X  Now  D.D.  Rector  of  Lowthcr. 


PARISH   OF    ST.    BEES.  393 

On  another : — 

In  memory  of 

JOHN  DIXON,  Esq.,  who  died  on  the  26tli  May,  1801,  aged  71  years. 

ISABELLA,  his  wife, 

who  died  on  the  19th  of  July,  1781,  aged  48  years. 

Six  of  their  children 

who  died  in  their  infancy. 

HENRY  DIXON,  their  son, 

who  died  on  the  27th  of  June,  179G,  aged  27  years. 

GEORGE  DIXON,  their  son, 

who  died  in  London,  on  the  29th  of  October,  1803, 

aged  29  years. 

JOSEPH  DIXON,  their  son, 

Who  died  on  the  26th  Jan.  1815,  aged  50  years. 

FRANCES,  relict  of  Jno.  Dixon,  Esq. 

Who  died  on  the  24th  of  July,  1837,  aged  79  years. 

Another  is  thus  inscribed  : — 

In  memory  of 

Reverend  WILLIAM  STAMPER,  A.M. 

Of  Queen's  College,  Oxford, 

Who  died  the  24th  of  Februarj-,  1811, 

Aged  30  years. 

Near  the  tower   is  a  mural   monument   in- 
scribed— 

In  memory  of 

The  Kevd.  RICHARD  ARMITSTEAD,  A.M., 

Rector  of  Moresby,  and  upwards  of 

XXX  years  Minister  of  this  Chapel. 

He  departed  this  Life  18th  May,  A.D.  MDCCCXXI, 

Aged  LVl  years. 

A  mural  tablet  bears  this  inscription  : — 

Near  this  place  lie  the  remains  of 

Mr.  JOSEPH  WOOD, 

Ob.  25th  September,  1827,  M.  67. 

With  unwearied  assiduity  he  taught  Mathematics 

During  48  years. 
Possessed  the  affection  and  gratitude  of  his  pupils. 


394         ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

And  was  justly  esteemed  by  the 
Inhabitants  of  Whitehaven  and  its  Ticinity. 

Another  is  thus  inscribed  : — 

Sacred 

to  the  memory  of 

SAMUEL  GRUNDY, 

of  Kirkby  Lonsdale, 

who  died  at  Whitehayen, 

on  the  18th  of  December,  1834, 

after  a  short  illness, 

aged  44  years. 

He  was  not  less  distinguished  in  life  for  Ms  yocal  talents  than 

for  the  many  kindly  virtues  which  graced  humanity. 

This  Memorial  was  erected  by  the  voluntary  subscriptions 

of  bis  Friends. 

MDCCCXXXV. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  altar-table  is  a  mural 
tablet  with  this  inscription  : — 

In  memory  of 

ANNE,  the  Wife  of 

JONATHAN  BROWN,  late  of 

Falmouth,  Jamaica,  who  died 

May  11th,  1817,  aged  35  years. 

WILLIAM,  their  Son,  died 

April  29th,  1817,  aged  13  days. 

On  another : — 

Sacred  to  the  memory  ofj 

the  Children  of  the 

Rev.  Thos.  Spedding,  M.A., 

and  Isabella,  his  wife  : 

Carlisle,  bom  1752,  died  1755. 

IsabcUa, 1755,  1755. 

Carlisle,  • 1757,  1784. 

Thomas, 1766.  - — -  1789. 

Langton, 1761,  1789. 

Frances, 1748,  1803. 

Sarah,      . 1750,  1818. 


PARISH   OF   ST.    BEES.  395 

Mary,   ]759,  1819. 

Jane,   1768,  1828. 

Ann,   1765,  1839. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  altar-table  is  a  mural 
marble  monument  bearing  this  inscription  : — 

To  the  memory  of 

THOMAS  HARRISON,  Esquike, 

Who  died  on  the  13th  day  of  July,  1812, 

Aged  G8  years. 
Also  BETTY  HARRISON,  his  Wife, 
who  died  on  the  26th  day  of  Jany.,  1787, 
Aged  46  years. 

On  a  mural  tablet : — 

Sacred  to  the  Memory  of 

Mr.  ISAAC  rORSTER,  late  of  this  place. 

Who  died  on  the  22nd  day  of  May,  1822, 

In  the  73rd  year  of  his  age. 

Also 

AGNES,  his  Sister, 

Who  died  on  the  29th  day  of  February,  1824, 

In  the  77th  year  of  her  age. 

On  another : — 

In  memory 

of 

JOHN  SARJEANT,  Esq. 

He  was  bom  19th  November,  1732, 

And  died  7th  February,  1803. 

SARAH  SARJEANT,  his  Wife, 

Was  bom  September  26th,  1728, 

And  died  Feby.  6th,  1793. 

On  another,  in  the  north  gallery : — 

Erected 

To  the  memory  of 

WILLIAM  RICHARDSON,  of  thU  town 

who  died  at  Carlingford,  in  Ireland 

On  the  17th  day  of  November,  1810, 

aged  37  years. 


396        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Also  SARAH,  his  wife, 

■who  died  at  the  city  of  Carlisle, 

On  the  27  th  day  of  November,  1834, 

Aged  5G  years. 

Also  of  HKNRY,  their  son, 

who  died  in  his  infancy. 

Dissenting  Chapels. 

There  are  in  AVhitebaven  chapels  belonging  to 
the  Church  of  Scotland,  the  Roman  Catholics, 
the  Wesleyan  INIcthodists,  the  Independents,  the 
United  Secession,  the  Society  of  Friends,  the 
Baptists,  the  Wesleyan  Association,  and  the  Pri- 
mitive Methodists.* 

The  Harbour 

Is  rather  spacious  and  secure  than  easy  of  access. 
It  has  seven  stone  piers,  some  of  which  are  on  a 
magnificent  scale.  On  these  piers  are  three  light- 
houses :  the  two  principal  ones  have  been  recently 
built,  and  are  highly  ornamental  to  the  port. 
"A  tonnage  duty  has  been  established  by  two 
acts  of  parliament,  passed  in  the  7th  and  11th 
years  of  Queen  Anne,  for  the  purpose  of  improv- 
ing the  harbour,  to  which  many  additional  works 
have  been  added  during  the  last  fifty  years.  The 
New  Quay  was  lengthened  in  1 767  ;  the  North 
Wall  was  begun  in  1770,  and  finished  in  1784  ; 
the  new'  work  formerly  called  the  Bulwark,  has 
been  entirely  rebuilt  on  a  larger  plan  ;    the  Old 

•  This  was  built  as  a  chapel  for  the  Church  of  England,  by  Mr.  Hogarth, 
and  was  to  have  been  consecrated  in  1789,  but  a  caveat  having  been  en- 
tered against  it  by  the  impropriator  of  St.  Bees,  it  did  not  receive  conse- 
cration. 


PARISH   OF   ST.   BEES,  397 

Quay  was  lengthened  in  1792,  and  various  other 
improvements  were  effected  about  the  year  1809; 
so  that  several  hundred  large  vessels  may  now 
lie  with  safety  in  the  harbour." 

The  new  West  Pier  was  commenced  in  1824, 
and  finished  in  1839:  it  is  a  noble  building  of 
great  strength,  and  was  erected  under  the  super- 
intendence of  Sir  John  Rennie,  at  a  cost  of  up- 
wards of  100,000/.  The  magnificent  round  head, 
on  which  the  light-house  is  built,  cost  30,000/. 
The  new  North  Pier  is  also  a  noble  structure, 
but  is  not  yet  completed. 

The  port  of  Whitehaven  includes  within  its 
jurisdiction  the  harbours  of  Workington,  jNIary- 
port,  Harrington,  Ravenglass,  and  Millom,  with 
all  the  intermediate  coast,  extending  from  mid- 
stream in  the  river  Duddon,  northward  to  Mary- 
port,  a  distance  of  nearly  fifty  miles.  It  also 
extends  seaward  to  10  fathoms  water.  Two  acts 
of  parliament,  passed  in  the  7th  and  11th  of 
Queen  Anne,  incorporated  "  twenty-one  trustees 
of  the  harbour  and  town  of  \Mntehaven,"  with 
power  to  levy  duties  for  the  purpose  of  building 
quays,  piers,  and  otherwise  improving  the  haven 
and  town.  Their  power  has  since  been  extended 
by  acts  of  parliament  passed  in  1739,  17C6, 1788, 
1792,  and  1818.  Twenty  of  the  trustees  are 
elected  tricnnially ;  the  inhabitants  who  pay 
harbour  dues  choose  1 4  of  them  by  ballot,  and 
6  are  appointed  by  the  lord  of  the  manor  who  is 
always  to  be  one.  'I'hc  jurisdiction  of  the  harbour 
trustees  extends  northward  from  the  Old  Quay 
to  Redness  Point.  Ry  the  act  of  58  Geo.  III. 
the  lord  of  the  manor  and  eleven  or  more  of  the 
other  trustees,  have  power  to  reduce  and  vary 
3  E 


398        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

the  harbour  dues,  which  have  consequently  been 
reduced  25  per  cent.f 

The  spring-tides  rise  twenty  feet,  and  the 
neap-tides  twelve  feet ;  yet  the  old  harbour  is  dry 
at  low  water.  Inside  of  the  New  West  Quay 
there  is  nine  feet  at  low  water.  The  depth  of  the 
haven  below  the  adjoining  banks  is  of  peculiar 
advantage  in  loading  the  vessels  with  coals  from 
the  adjoining  collieries,  by  means  of  staiths  or 
hurries  extended  over  the  quay. 

In  the  year  1772  there  were  197  vessels  be- 
longing to  this  port;  in  1790,  216  vessels;  in 
1810, 188  vessels,  tonnage,  29,312;  in  1822, 181 
vessels,  tonnage,  26,220;  in  1828,  197  vessels, 
tonnage,  30,960;  in  1840,  217  vessels,  tonnage, 
36,800. 

The  average  annual  quantity  of  coals  exported 
from  this  port,  from  the  year  1781  to  1792,  was 
80,000  chaldrons ;  for  the  five  years  ending  De- 
cember, 1814,  the  average  annual  amount  was 
about  100,000  waggon-loads,  besides  a  very  con- 
siderable inland  consumption.  In  1826  upwards 
of  135,602  chaldrons  were  exported ;  and  in  1827 
1 1 4,692  chaldrons.  The  average  quantity  of  coals 
now  exported  amounts  annually  to  about 
250,000  tons. 

A  life-boat  was  stationed  at  this  port  in  1803. 
The  custom-house  was  erected  in  1811.  Avery 
considerable  part  of  the  shipping  is  engaged  in  the 
coal-trade  with  Ireland.  Several  large  vessels, 
however,  are  employed  in  the  importation  of  West 
Indian,  American,  and  Baltic  produce.  Large 
quantities  of  lime  are  shipped  here  for  Scotland, 
and  iron  ore,  from  the  parishes  of  Arlecdon  and 
Cleator,  for  the  furnaces  in  Wales. 

f  Parson  and  White. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BF.ES.  399 

"Ship-building  is  carried  on  here  to  a  consid- 
erable extent,  and  on  a  system  that  has  acquired 
for  the  artificers  a  high  reputation.  Sti'ength  is 
the  great  desideratum  in  vessels  employed  in  the 
coal-trade,  and  the  shipwrights  here  have  the  art 
of  giving  them  great  sohdity  and  firmness  without 
clumsiness,  so  that  they  are  said  not  only  to  be 
more  durable,  but  to  sail  faster  than  vessels  of 
the  same  description  from  any  other  port  in  the 
kingdom.  Ships  of  500  tons  are  frequently  built 
here,  and  some  have  been  built  of  considerably 
gi-eater  burthen."  * 


o 


The  CoAL-PiTs.f 

The  collieries  of  Whitehaven  are  supposed  to 
have  been  first  wrought  for  foreign  consumption 
about  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century.  J 
The  first  steam-engine  in  use  at  Whitehaven  was 
erected  by  Sir  James  Lowther,  early  in  the  last 
century,  at  the  Ginns,  for  raising  water.  The 
first  steam-engine  used  for  raising  coals  was  put 
up  in  17S7,  at  George-pit,  in  Whingill  coUiery ; 
others  were  erected  for  the  same  purpose  in 
1793,  1794,  and  1795.§ 

•  DanicU's  Voyage. 

t  Further  particulars  respecting  the  coal-pits — which  the  nature  and 
limits  of  the  present  volume  prevent  our  detailing — may  be  found  in 
DanieU's  "  Picturesque  Voyage  round  Great  Britain,"  and  in  Dr.  Dixon's 
Life  of  Dr.  Brownrigg. 

X  In  the  year  1306  "  both  houses  of  parliament  complained  of  the  use 
of  coals  as  a  nuisance,  corrupting  the  air  with  its  stink  and  smoke;  and 
the  use  thereof  in  London  was  prohibited  by  royal  proclamation." 

4  "Cumberland  has  tlic  merit  of  the  discovery  of  gas-lightj.  and  it 
belonged  to  Mr.   Spedding  of  Whitehaven,   the  agent  of  Sir  James 

3  E  2 


400        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

"  The  coal  seams  that  lie  in  the  bowels  of  the 
earth,  and  below  the  bed  of  the  sea,  have  been 
wrought  for  many  j'ears  with  such  spirit  and 
perseverance  that  a  kind  of  subterraneous  city 
is  formed ;  and  Whitehaven,  with  the  adjacent 
coast,  may  be  said  to  rest  upon  continued  ranges 
of  columns  composed  of  coal.  Several  bands  or 
seams  of  coal  shew  themselves  in  various  places 
on  the  sloping  surface,  on  the  west  side  of  the 
vale,  above  and  on  the  sea-shore  near  the  town. 
On  the  first  attempt  to  work  the  coal  near 
Whitehaven,  a  level,  or  watercourse,  was  driven 
from  the  bottom  of  the  valley,  near  the  Pow- 
beck,  till  it  intersected  a  seam  of  coal,  known  by 
the  name  of  Bannock  Band,  and  drained  a  con- 
siderable field  of  coal,  which  was  drawn  out  of 
pits  from  20  to  60  yards  deep.  After  this 
another  level  was  driven  westward,  from  near 
the  farm  house  called  Thicket,  across  the  seam 
called  the  Main  Band.  This  level  also  effectually 
drained  a  large  bed  of  coals,  which  were  drawn 
out  of  the  pits  by  men  with  jack-rowls,  or  wind- 
lasses, and  then  carried  to  the  ships  on  the  backs 
of  galloways,  in  packs  of  1  i  stones  each." 

"  There  are  five  workable  coal  seams  in  the 
Howgill  colliery,  viz.  the  Crow  Coal,  which  is 
about  2  feet  thick  and  60  yards  deep  ;  the  Yard 
Band,  4  feet  thick  and  160  yards  deep;  the 
Bannock  Band,  8  feet  thick  and  200  yards  deep  ; 

Lowther,  who  was  killed  by  the  fulminating  damp,  in  1755.  Mr.  Sped- 
ding  offered  to  supply  the  trustees  of  the  harbour  with  whatever  gas  they 
wanted  to  light  the  town,  if  they  would  be  at  the  expence  of  conducting 
it  through  the  streets.  The  gas  was  accordingly  conducted  by  pipes 
from  the  pits  to  the  open  air,  where  [the  flame  was  constantly  seen 
burning." — Monthly  Magazine,  May,  1817. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  401 

the  Main  Band,  1 1  feet  thick  and  240  yards 
deep ;  and  the  bottom  seam,  which  is  o  feet 
thick  and  320  yards  deep.  To  the  southward 
of  Howgill,  these  seams  are  thrown  much  nearer 
the  surface  by  Dikes,  or  perpendicular  rents  of 
the  sohd  strata,  varying  from  two  feet  to  several 
fathoms  in  breadth,  and  filled  with  clay,  stones, 
cVc.  The  largest  of  these  dikes  runs  nearly  in 
the  direction  of  east  and  west.  The  coal  seams 
always  keep  at  equal  distances  from  each  other, 
and  dip  or  descend  sloping  nearly  due  west, 
about  one  yard  in  ten. 

"Sir  James  Lowthcr,  who  died  in  1755,  was 
at  considerable  expense  for  the  purpose  of  im- 
proving the  manner  of  working  his  coal  mines, 
and  despatched  one  of  his  agents,  Mr.  Carlisle 
Spedding,  to  inspect  some  of  the  principal  col- 
lieries in  Northumberland,  where  he  remained  a 
considerable  time  in  the  capacity  of  a  '  hewer/ 
under  the  assumed  name  of  Dan.  A\'hen  Mr. 
Spedding  returned,  he  introduced  many  improve- 
ments in  the  coal  mines  at  AVhitehaven,  and 
invented  the  steel  wheel  and  flints,  by  which 
sparks  of  fire  were  produced  to  light  the  collier 
in  those  parts  of  the  mines  where  a  burning  can- 
dle would  have  ignited  the  carburetted  hydrogen 
gas,  or  fire  damp,*  by  the  explosion  of  which  so 

•  "  In  the  coal  minc3  at  Wliitcliaven,  the  fire-damp  and  clioak-damp 
are  found  in  great  abundance.  The  former  may  be  considered  of  the 
same  nature  as  hydrogen  gas;  though  its  specific  gravity  is  greater  on 
account  of  a  small  quantity  either  of  hepatic  gas,  or  carbonic  acid  gas ; 
which  forms  a  part  of  its  composition.  It  is,  however,  considerably 
lighter  than  atmospheric  air,  and,  in  consequence,  ascends  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  mine.  To  prevent  its  accumulation,  it  was  formerly  a  prac- 
tice with  the  workmen  to  set  fire  to  it  by  the  flame  of  a  candle ;  using 


402         ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

many  lives  ha^e  been  lost  at  different  periods. 
On  one  of  these  melancholy  occasions  Mr.  Sped- 
ding  fell  a  victim  to  the  burning  fluid,  about  the 

the  precaution  of  lying  prostrate  on  the  ground  during  its  explosion  ;  but 
this  dangerous  expedient  has  been  long  relinquished.  It  is  inflamed  the 
moment  -when  a  combination  is  formed  between  it  and  atmospheric  air ; 
the  difference,  however,  of  their  specific  gi'avity  renders  some  agitation 
of  the  latter  necessary  to  produce  the  combination.  The  miners  are 
often  burnt,  maimed,  or  killed  by  its  sudden  explosion,  when  in  contact 
with  an  ignited  body.  Such  accidents,  have  happily  become  less  fre- 
quent, and  fatal,  in  consequence  of  an  ingenious  invention  of  Mr.  Carlisle 
Spedding.  This  is  a  steel  wheel,  moved  by  tooth  and  pinion,  which  is 
turned  round  with  great  veloeity,  and  strikes  against  a  large  piece  of 
flint.  The  sparks  which  are  emitted  by  this  collision  are  a  sufficient 
substitute  for  the  light  of  a  caudle,  and  expose  the  workmen  to  little  or 
no  danger. 

"  The  fire-damp  appears  to  have  first  attracted  the  notice  of  philoso- 
phers in  1733.  Bladders  filled  with  it  were  presented  to  the  Royal  So- 
ciety by  Sir  James  Lowther,  who  had  procured  it  from  the  collieries  at 
Whitehaven ;  and  so  carefully  had  it  been  confined  in  the  bladders,  that 
on  applyiug  the  flame  of  a  candle,  it  was  observed  to  retain  its  inflam- 
mability. An  artificial  fire-damp  was  obtained  in  1736,  by  Jlr.  John 
Maud,  from  iron  dissolved  in  oil  of  vitriol.  Being  received  into  bladders, 
it  was  exhibited  to  the  Royal  Society,  and  on  examination  was  dis- 
covered to  possess  the  same  qualities  as  the  native  fire-damp. 

'■  The  choak.damp  derives  its  name  from  its  power  of  suffocation.  It 
is  distinguished  by  the  properties  of  being  equally  injurious  to  combustion 
and  respiration.  It  extinguishes  the  flame  of  a  candle,  deprives  animals 
of  life,  and  precipitates  the  lime  of  lime-water.  Its  specific  gravity  ex- 
ceeds that  of  atmospheric  air,  and  it  therefore  occupies  the  bottom  of  tlie 
mine.  It  agrees,  in  a  great  measure,  witli  that  subtile  exhalation  long 
known  to  Leonardo  di  Capoa,  and  other  Italian  philosophers,  under  the 
appellation  of  Moflette.  It  appears  to  be  similar  to  the  spiritus  sylvestris 
of  Paracelsus,  the  gas  sylvestrc  of  Van  Helmont,  the  spiritus  sulphureus 
aereo-a;therio-elasticus  of  Hoffman,  the  acidum  centrale  perpetuum  in- 
exhauribile  of  Becher ;  the  acidum  vagum  fodinarum  of  Boerhaave ; 
and  the  detached  or  elastic  air  of  Dr.  Hales.  It  has  a  near  aflinity  also 
to  that  permanently  clastic  fluid  extracted  by  Dr.  Black  from  magnesia, 


PARISH    OF   ST.    BEES.  403 

year  1755,  since  which  several  effective  inven- 
tions have  been  produced  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
venting accidents  in  coal  mines." 

A  description  of  the  coal  mines,  and  of  tlie 
operations  carried  on  in  those  subterraneous 
regions,  is  given  in  the  subjoined  note,*  from  the 

limestone,  chalk,  and  other  substances,  wliich  was  called  by  him  fixed 
air,  from  its  being  supposed  to  exist  in  those  bodies  in  a  fixed  state ;  but 
long  preserved  the  name  of  mcphitic  air ;  and  is  now,  with  peculiar  pro- 
priety, termed,  according  to  the  French  nomenclature,  carbonic  acid 
gas." — Literary  Life  of  Dr.  Brownrigg. 

•  "  We  fixed  ourselves  in  the  basket,  standing  with  our  hands  grasp- 
ing the  chain,  the  word  was  given,  and  down  wc  glided  with  a  smooth 
and  scarcely  perceptible  motion  through  a  duct  about  six  feet  in  diameter, 
and  wooded  all  round  I  kept  my  eyes  fixed  on  the  aperture  above, 
which  contracted  as  I  fell,  till  at  a  vast  depih  I  was  obliged  to  look  down 
as  my  head  grew  dizzy,  and  small  pieces  of  coal  and  drops  of  water  struck 
with  unpleasant  force  against  my  face.  As  we  descended  lower  all  be- 
came darkness,  noise  over  our  heads  grew  gradually  more  indistinct, 
till  it  died  away,  and  a  dreary  silence  ensued,  broken  only  occasion- 
ally by  the  grating  of  the  basket  against  the  walls.  At  length,  after 
a  descent  of  five  hundred  and  seventy  six  feet,  I  heard  the  voices  of  men 
below  me,  and  presently  perceived  two  dim  lights.  These  were  at  the 
High  Eye,  formerly  at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft,  on  a  level  with  which  is  a 
great  extent  of  workings.  I  asked  no  questions  here — "  steady  the  bas- 
ket," cried  our  guide,  and  in  a  moment  we  were  again  in  utter  darkness. 
In  a  quarter  of  a  minute  more  I  heard  other  voices  below  me — the  basket 
stopped  and  we  soon  found  ourselves  on  our  feel  at  the  bottom  of  six 
hundred  and  thirty  feet  from  the  light. 

"  I  could  here  distinguish  nothing  but  a  single  candle,  with  the  obscure 
form  of  a  man  by  it — all  around  was  pitch  dark,  not  a  ray  of  light  reach- 
ing the  bottom  from  the  mouth  of  the  shaft.  Before  wc  proceeded  to  ex- 
plore the  mine,  we  were  recommended  to  remain  quiet  a  little  in  order 
to  collect  ourselves,  and  while  we  were  thus  striving  to  be  composed,  my 
nerves  were  momentarily  shocked  by  a  combination  and  succession  of 
strange  noises,  among  which  the  loud  clank  of  the  chain  as  the  empty 
basket  dashed  to  the  ground,  was  particularly  offensive.     I  never  saw 


404        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

pen  of  a  gentleman  who  was  an  eye-witness  of 
what  he  describes;  the  pit  he  visited  was  the 

the  object,  and  had  no  notice  of  its  approach,  till  its  infernal  crash  alwaj's 
came  to  make  me  jump  out  of  myself. 

"  While  we  were  conversing  here  on  the  possible  accidents  that  might 
occur  in  ascending  or  descending  in  the  basket,  we  were  told  of  a  poor 
woman  who  lately  had  an  extraordinary  escape.  It  was  her  business  to 
attach  the  chain  of  the  basket,  and  while  she  was  doing  this  her  hand 
became  somehow  entangled,  and  the  man  at  the  engine  setting  it  in 
motion  before  the  proper  time,  she  was  pulled  from  the  ground  before 
she  could  extricate  herself,  and  dragged  up  as  she  hung  by  one  arm,  to 
the  top  of  the  pit,  with  no  injury  but  a  slight  laceration  of  her  hand. 

"  I  had  not  become  quite  reconciled  to  the  clank  when  we  were  sum- 
moned to  go  on.  From  the  foot  of  the  shaft  we  proceeded  through  a 
very  long  passage  cut  through  rock,  with  the  roof  arched,  and  the 
sides  faced  with  bricks  and  whitewashed.  All  the  rock  passages  through  - 
out  the  mine  are  faced  with  bricks  in  a  similar  manner,  an  enormously 
expensire  precaution,  but  absolutely,  necessary  to  prevent  the  falling 
down  of  loose  fragments  of  stone.  I  cannot  describe  scientifically,  or 
■with  any  degree  of  clearness  and  certainly,  all  the  methods  of  proceeding 
that  have  been  adopted  in  laying  out  these  vast  subterranean  works,  and 
indeed  such  an  account  is  scarcely  called  for,  as  the  mine  no  doubt  very 
much  resembles  in  its  general  plan  many  others  that  have  been  often 
described.  In  its  present  state  as  far  as  I  could  ascertain  as  I  groped 
my  way  through  the  darkness,  it  appeared  in  the  meeting  and  crossing  of 
its  numerous  passages,  to  resemble  the  streets  of  a  city — and  of  a  city  of 
no  mean  extent,  for  we  sometimes  walked  for  nearly  half  a  mile  without 
turning,  between  walls  of  coal  or  rock.  To  the  right  and  left  of  the 
long  lanes  are  workings,  hollow  spaces,  five  yards  wide  and  twenty  deep, 
left  for  the  support  of  the  roof,  so  that  only  one  third  of  a  bed  of  coal 
is  taken  away.  Mr.  Pennant  observed,  that  these  columns  appeared  to 
him  to  be  stores  for  future  fuel,  but  they  are  left  standing  merely  from 
necessity,  and  no  material  portion  of  them  could  be  removed  without 
danger  to  the  great  superstnicturc  which  they  tend  to  uphold. 

"The  coals  are  dragged  from  the  workings  in  baskets,  one  at  a  time, 
by  horses,  and  carried  to  a  place  of  general  rendezvous,  where  by  means  of 
a  crane  they  are  placed  on  to  the  trams,  nine  of  which,  bearing  a  burthen 
of  nearly  sis  tons,  are  drawn  by  a  single  horse  to  the  shaft.    A  tram  is  a 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  405 

William  pit,  "  the  last  opened,  and  said  to  be  the 
best  planned  work  of  its  kind,  and  the  most 

square  board  supported  by  four  very  low  wheels,  nnd  a  horse  drags  iiiiie 
ot'lhem  with  their  full  cargo  along  an  iron  railway  without  any  apparent 
etfort. 

"  The  veotUation  of  the  mine  in  its  remotest  comers  is  said  to  bo  as  per- 
fect as  is  necessary,  though  I  confess  tliat  iu  some  places  I  felt  no  little 
dilliculty  in  lireathing.  The  air  is  rarefied  by  heat  from  a  large  fire  kept 
constantly  burning,  and  the  current  directed  to  the  various  workings 
through  conduits  formed  by  boarded  partitions  placed  about  a  foot  dis- 
tant from  the  walls.  Doers  are  placed  at  intervals  in  the  long  passages 
which  stop  the  air  in  its  course  and  force  it  through  the  conduits  in  the 
workings  to  the  right  or  left.        •         •         *         « 

"  The  sensations  excited  in  me  as  I  w'as  descending  down  the  pit  did 
not  readily  subside,  and  I  wandered  about  the  mine  with  my  mind 
very  much  upon  the  alert,  and  under  an  indistinct  apprehension  of  some 
possible  danger  which  gave  intensity  to  my  interest  in  every  thing  that  I 
heard  and  saw.  A  dreariness  pervaded  the  place  which  struck  upon  the 
heart — one  felt  as  if  beyond  the  bounds  allotted  to  man  or  any  living 
being,  and  transported  to  some  hideous  region  unblest  by  every  charm 
that  cheers  the  habitable  world.  We  traced  our  way  through  passage 
after  passage  in  the  blackest  darkness,  sometimes  rendered  more  awful 
by  a  death-like  silence,  which  was  now  and  then  broken  by  the  banging 
of  some  distant  door,  or  an  explosion  of  gunpowder,  that  pealed  with  a 
loud  and  long  report  through  the  unseen  recesses  of  the  mine,  and  gave 
us  some  idea  of  its  vast  extent.  Occasionally  a  light  appeared  in  the 
distance  before  us,  which  did  not  dispel  the  darkness  so  as  to  discover 
by  whom  it  was  borne,  but  advanced  like  a  meteor  through  the  gloom, 
accompanied  by  a  loud  rumbling  noise,  the  cause  ol  which  was  not  ex- 
plained to  the  eye  till  we  were  called  upon  to  make  way  for  a  horse, 
which  passed  by  with  its  long  line  of  baskets,  and  driven  by  a  young 
girl  covered  with  filth.        •         •        •        • 

"  Our  guide  now  led  us  to  a  passage  where,  in  a  small  stream  of  water 
that  flowed  through  it,  we  heard  some  air  bubbling  up,  which  he  knew  to 
be  hydrogen :  he  applied  a  candle  to  it,  when  it  instantly  took  fire, 
burning  with  a  clear  blueish  light,  in  a  flame  not  larger  than  that  from 
a  small  lamp.     It  continued  visible  when  we  had  receded  to  a  consider. 

3    F 


406        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

complete  in  all  its  conveniences  of  any  in  the 
kingdom." 

able  distance  from  it,  and  had  a  very  beautiful  appearance,  shining  like 
a  brilliant  star  in  the  daikness,  and  giving  an  effect  of  exceeding  depth 
to  the  gloomy  avenue  before  us.  While  we  were  gazing  at  it,  with  the 
profoundest  stillness  around  us,  we  were  startled  by  a  report  as  loud  as 
a  clap  of  thunder,  proceeding  from  an  explosion  of  gunpowder.  Ou 
going  to  the  spot  from  whence  it  came,  we  found  some  men  working  a 
passage  through  abed  of  rocks,  called  in  the  language  of  miners,  a.  fault, 
a  phenomenon  too  familiar  in  coal  mines  to  require  any  comment  from 
me.  This  part  of  the  mine  was  very  remote  from  the  shaft,  and  so  im- 
perfectly  ventUated,  that  the  heat  and  stench  in  it  were  scarcely  sup  - 
portable. 

"  Not  far  from  this  place  our  guide  regarded  me  with  a  very  big  and 
signiiicant  look,  and  produced  all  the  effect  he  intended  on  my  mind, 
when  he  informed  me  that  I  was  walking  under  thesea,  and  had  probably 
ships  sailing  over  my  head.     Considering  this  as  the  most  extraordinary 
situation  that  we  had  been  in  during  our  subterranean  excursion,  he  pulled 
out  a  bottle  of  spirits  from  his  pocket  and  drank  our  healths  and  a  safe 
return  to  us,  with  all  due  solemnity.    This  rite  fulfilled,  we  turned  our 
steps  towards  the  shaft,  oppressed  by  the  heat  and  fouhiess  of  the  air, 
and  anxious  again  to  see  the  day.     We  had  walked  about  four  miles,  in 
various  directions,  but  had  not  explored  half  the  mine,  even  in  its  lower 
part,  and  had  a  labyrinth  of  excavations  over  our  heads  as  numerous 
and  extensive  as  those  through  which  we  had  been  rambling,  and  sepa- 
rated from  them  by  a  roof  only  nine  fathoms  thick.     I  was  astonished  to 
hear  that  the  whole  of  this  immense  work  was  the  labour  of  scarcely  ten 
years ;  that  the  extensive  space  through  which  we  had  passed,  and  the 
whole  mine  that  we  had  left  unexplored,  were  within  this  short  period  a 
solid  body  of  coal  and  rock.     The  labour  going  on  before  our  eyes  ap- 
peared quite  insignificant,  and  imagination  could  scarcely  conceive  the 
formation  by  such  means  of  this  vast  place,  which  struck  one  as  some 
strange  creation  by  the  giant  hands  of  nature. 

"  We  ascended  to  the  higher  works  by  a  very  steep  path,  which,  at  an 
elevation  of  about  sixty  feet  from  the  lower  level,  opens  into  the  shaft. 
The  miners  figuratively  call  the  shaft  the  eye  of  the  mine,  and  this  inlet 
into  the  upper  excavations  is  denominated  the  High  Eye.    It  was  here 


PARISH    OF   ST.   BEES.  407 

The  new  Wellington  pit,  which  is  no^y  sinking 
on  the  western  side  of  the  harbour,  will  be  work- 
ed deeper  than  any  other  in  the  kingdom  :  it  is 
now  sunk  to  a  depth  of  seventy  fathoms  and 
thirty  years  may  elapse  before  it  is  completed. 
The  principal  workings  will  extend  under  the  sea 
to  a  distance  of  one  mile  and  a  half. 

that  our  guide  bad  given  hU  warning  of  '  steady  Uae  basket,"  lest  it  strike 
against  the  landing  in  its  descent.  AU  the  coals  procured  from  under- 
.vorkings  were  formerly  dragged  up  to  the  point  by  horses,  but  the  task 
was  found  so  difficult  and  tedious  that  it  was  thought  expedient  to  smk 
the  shaft  to  its  present  level.  From  the  edge  of  the  landing  place  at  the 
High  Eye,  I  had  a  peep  .at  the  day  through  the  opening  which  appeared 
at  a  dreadful  height  above  my  head,  and  contracted  to  a  spot  not  bigger 

than  the  palm  of  my  hand. 

"Aswcwerc  not  promised  the  sight  of  any  novelty  m  the  upper 
mine  wc  did  not  enter  it,  but  returned  to  the  lower  one,  from  whence 
we  proceeded  to  the  shaft  of  the  James  mine,  through  a  long  up-cast 
passage,  which,  in  consequence  of  a  late  accident,  exhibits  one  of  the 
most  awful  spectacles  that  can  be  conceived.     An  unusual  quantity  of 
coals  were  taken  from  it.  and  it  was  thought  necessary,  for  the  support 
of  the  roof,  to  plant  two  rows  of  posts  under  it,  which  were  composed  of 
the  trunks  of  the  largest  oaks  Uiat  could  be  procuied.    They  had  not 
been  toed  long  when  the  roof  began  to  sink,  descending  very  slowly, 
but  with  irresistible  force,  and  bending  or  breaking  every  tree  that  stood 
beneath  it.     It  did  not  sink  much  more  than  a  foot,  and  people  now  pass 
fearlessly  under  it.  in  Uie  conviction  that  it  has  permanently  settled. 
The  passage,  however,  bears  a  very  tremendous  afpcarance,  and  1  did 
not  go  through  it  without  some  agitaUon.     The  broken  and  splintered 
trees  remain,  and  are  such  formidable  mementos  of  the  insecurity  of  the 
roof  that  I  voluntarily  quickened  my  pace  as  1  looked  at  them,  lest  I 
should  hear  the  coals  again  cracking  over  my  head.     This  part  of  our 
expedition   was  rendered  exceedingly  dUagreeable  by  a  sulphureous 
stream  of  water  which  flowed  down  the  steep,  casting  forth  an  odour 
which  touched  even  the  nose  of  our  guide.     At  the  top  of  the  passage 
are  the  stables  belonging  to  the  two  mines,  in  which  forty  horses  arc 
kept,  which  never  see  the  \ishi."-DanielVs  Voyage. 

3  F  2 


o 


40s      allerdale  ward,  above  derwent. 
Charities. 

The  Marine  School  was  founded  in  1S17,  by 
Matthew  Piper,  Esq.,  of  Whitehaven,  a  member 
of  the  Society  of  Friends,  who  munificently  en- 
dowed it  with  2000/.  navy  five  per  cent,  annui- 
ties, vested  in  the  hands  of  fifteen  trustees,  "for 
the  'education  of  sixty  poor  boys  resident  in  the 
town  of  Whitehaven  or  the  neighbourhood,  in 
reading,  writing,  arithmetic,  gauging,  navigation, 
and  book-keeping.'  The  present  school-room 
was  erected  by  William,  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  in 
1818,  and  opened  in  1822.  Previous  to  bein 
admitted  to  this  seminary,  every  boy  must  be 
able  to  read  the  New  Testament,  and  be  upwards 
of  eight  years  of  age.  None  are  allowed  to  re- 
main more  than  five  years.  Although  this  school 
is  intended  to  convey  such  nautical  instruction 
as  shall  qualify  its  pupils  to  act  as  mates  and  mas- 
ters of  vessels,  they  are  not  placed  under  any 
obligation  to  go  to  sea,  as  the  name  of  the  insti- 
tution may  be  supposed  to  imply." 

On  the  wall  is  this  inscription  : — 

MARINE  SCHOOL 

endowed  by 

MATTHEW  PIPER,  ESQ., 

1818. 

The  same  benevolent  gentleman  left  1 000/.  for 
the  use  of  the  soup  kitchen ;  and  in  1825, 
Joshua  Dixon,  Esq.,  RI.D.,  late  of  Whitehaven, 
left  a  legacy  of  50/.  for  the  like  purpose. 

The  following  benefactions  are  distributed  by 
the  churchwardens  to  the  poor,  at  the  chapel  of 
the  Holy  Trinity,  annually  at  Christmas : — 
"11.  185.,  the  interest  of  200/.,  left  about  50 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  409 

years  ago,  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Sevvell,  for  twenty 
})oor  widows ;  5/.,  the  interest  of  100/.,  vested  in 
Maryport  Harbour,  and  bequeathed  by  Joseph 
Glaister,  Esq.,  in  1773;  and  il.  4s.,  being  part 
of  the  interest  of  400/.,  vested  in  government 
stock  four  per  cents,  and  bequeathed,  in  1S19, 
by  ISIrs.  Barbara  Birkhead,  who  directed  the  re- 
mainder of  the  interest,  (12/.  12,v.)  to  be  paid  to 
two  individuals  during  their  lives." 

There  are  in  Whitehaven  a  number  of  religious 
and  charitable  institutions,  unendowed  ; — among 
Avhich  may  be  named — the  Dispensary,  tlie  House 
of  Recovery,  a  Humane  Society  for  the  recovery 
of  persons  apparently  drowned,  the  Ladies'  Be- 
nevolent Society  for  visiting  and  relieving  the 
sick  poor,  the  Ladies'  Charity  for  married  women 
in  childbed,  the  Blanket  and  Clothing  Society, 
the  Samaritan  Society,  cV'c,  besides  several  Day 
and  Sunday  Schools,  which  are  supported  by 
voluntary  contributions. 

Uottington. 

Rottington  is  a  hamlet  and  township  near  the 
sea-shore,  thus  noticed  by  Mr.  Sandford : — 
"  one  mile  from  St.  Bees  you  have  Rotington 
Hall  and  Towne,  the  ancient  seat  of  Mr.  Sands, 

from  whence  Bishop  Sands  was  derived    

Nye  there*  I  have  gott  many  fine  Aggots  and 
precious  stones  that  wold  cut  glass  like  diamonds." 

Rottington  belonged  anciently  to  a  family  who 
took  their  name  from  the  manor.    It  passed  from 

*  At  Fleswick,  on  the  sea-shoie,  wliere  many  valuable  pebbles  are  still 
/ound. 


410        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

them  by  marriage  to  the  Sandes,*  wlio  were 
originally  seated  at  Burgh-upon-Sands,  "  where 
they  had  their  capital  mansion-house,  at  a  place 
called  to  this  day  Sandsfield,  from  which  they 
took  their  sm-name."  It  passed  from  them  by 
sale  (for  the  sum  of  700/.)  to  the  Curwens  of 
Workington-hall.  Henry  Curwen,  Esq.,  devised 
it  to  Henry  Pelham,  Esq.,  from  whom  it  was 
purchased,  in  1762,  by  Sir  James  Lowther,  Bart., 
afterwards  Earl  of  Lonsdale.  It  is  now  the  pro- 
perty of  the  present  Earl. 

The  iiianor  of  Weddicar,  which  formerly  be- 
longed to  the  Ponsonby  family,  is  now  also  the 
property  of  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

By  an  inquisition,  j^ost  mortem,  of  Thomas  de 
Multon,  of  EgTemout,  15th  Edward  II.,  it  ap- 
pears that  John,  son  of  Rayner  le  Fleming,  held 
of  the  said  Thomas,  the  hamlets  of  Rotington, 
Wedacre,  Beckermet,  Frisington,  and  Arlocden, 
by  homage  and  fealty  and  suit  of  the  court  of 
Egremont,  &c. 

•  Sandes,  or  Sandys,  of  St.  Bees. — This  famUy  -was  originally  of 
Burgh-on-Sands,  teing  called  in  ancient  evidences  De  Sabulonibus. 
One  of  llie  family  was  knight  of  the  shire,  temp.  Ric.  II.  They  had 
been  settled  at  Rottingtou  in  St.  Bees,  for  five  descents,  at  the  time  of 
the  visitation  in  1015.  The  family  has  been  long  extinct  in  Cumberland; 
but  some  of  the  male  descendants  still  remain ;  from  William  Sandys, 
a  younger  son  of  this  family,  who  went  into  Lancashire,  descended 
Archbishop  Sandys,  common  ancestor  of  the  late  Lord  Sandys  of  Om- 
bei-slcy,  the  baronets  of  Cambridgesliire  and  Kent,  all  extinct.  Sir  Edwin 
Bayntun  Sandys,  Bart.,  now  of  Miserden  Park,  in  Gloucestershire,  and 
otlier  branches. 

The  arms  are  not  described  in  St.  George's  Visitation,  1615;  it  is  un- 
certain, therefore,  what  coat  was  borne  by  the  Cumberland  family.  The 
several  branches  above-mentioned  have  borne  three  moors'  heads,  and 
three  cross  crosslets  variously  combined,  with  one  or  with  two  chevrons 
and  of  various  colours.— iysons. 


PARISH   OF    ST.    BRES.  411 

Xrt]ftfr=JLJLtasBalr. 

Nether-Wasdale  is  a  chapelry  at  the  foot  of 
Wast-Water,  and  contains  the  whole  of  that  ro- 
mantic lake.*     The  lord  of  the  manor  is  ^Nlajor- 

*  The  Rev.  W.  Ford,  B.A.,  in  his  Guide  to  the  Lakes,  gives  the  fol- 
lowing account  of  Wast-Water,  and  the  magnificent  mountain  scenery 
with  which  it  is  environed  : — "  Wast-Water  is  three  miles  and  a  half 
long,  and  three  quarters  of  a  mile  broad,  the  depth  is  from  forty  to  fifty 
fathoms,  and  it  is  probably  owing  to  this,  in  proportion  to  the  extent  of 
its  surface,  that  it  has  never  been  known  to  freeze.  Trout  in  great 
quantities,  and  a  few  char,  frequent  its  waters  The  chief  feeders  are 
Over  Beck  on  the  south  of  Yewbarrow,  and  Xethcr  Beck  on  the  north 
of  Middle  Fell,  issuing  from  tarns  near  the  Haycocks,  and  running 
through  Bowderdale.  The  waters  arc  discharged  by  the  Irt  at  Raven- 
glass. 

"Being  a  border  lake,  its  end  lying  in  the  low  country,  whilst  its  head 
is  nestled  in  the  mountains,  it  appears  from  the  foot  to  the  greatest  ad- 
vantage, and  is  under  that  aspect  most  distinguished  for  sublimity.  The 
mouutains  are  naked  lo  their  base,  their  sides  and  summits  are  uniform, 
shooting  up  mto  lofty  points  and  ending  in  pyramidical  forms.  Looking 
upwards,  Yewbarrow  forms  a  fine  apex ;  Kirkfell  pushes  forward  its  front 
to  the  left;  and  at  the  head  of  the  dale,  the  Gable  appears  conspicuous. 
On  the  right,  Lingmell  comes  finely  forward,  over  which  the  pikes  of  Sea- 
fell  reign  supremo.  Up  the  side  vale  of  Bowderdale,  is  the  Haycock ;  and 
the  Pillar  crowns  the  head  of  Mosedale.  Middle  Fell  runs  along  the  margin 
of  the  lake ;  and  on  the  opposite  side  are  the  Screes,  which  seem  going 
to  decay,  their  foundation  in  the  water,  and  their  surface  and  soil  being 
gone,  while  immense  debris  and  torrents  of  rocks  and  stones  cover  their 
sides.  This  range  of  fell  prevents  the  circumambulation  of  the  lake. 
Proceeding  onwards,  a  retrospective  view  of  Yewbarrow,  the  Gable,  and 
the  Pikes,  seen  over  Over  Beck  Bridge,  is  a  fine  picture.  From  Nether 
Beck  Bridge  the  road  passes  over  a  rising  ground,  and  from  a  field  in 
front  of  Crookhead,  where  a  beautiful  cottage  has  been  built  by  Stans- 
field  Rawson,  Esq.,  of  Halifax,  is  one  of  the  finest  views  of  Wastdale 
Head  and  Water." 

"  On  the  top  of  the  Screes,  stoodforages,  avcry  large  stone,  called  Wil- 


412        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

General  Wyndham,  of  Cockermouth  Castle,  to 
whom  it  was  bequeathed  by  his  noble  father,  the 
late  Earl  of  Egremont. 

Wasdale-hall,"*  the  beautiful  seat  of  Stansfield 
Rawson,  Esq.,  of  Halifax,  is  situated  at  Crook- 
head,  on  some  cultivated  land,  amid  this  barren 
district,  and  "  derives  an  interest  from  the  as- 
semblage of  picturesque  magnificence  in  its 
vicinity." 

The  Chapel. — The  Chapel  of  Nether-Wasdale 
was  certified  to  the  governors  of  Queen  Ann's 
bounty  at  51.  per  annum,  and  was  returned  to 
the  commissioners  for  enquiring  concerning  ec- 
clesiastical revenues  as  of  the  average  annual 
value  of  66/.  The  living  is  a  perpetual  curacy, 
in  the  gift  of  the  incumbent  of  the  mother-church 
of  St.  Bees.  The  impropriation  belongs  to 
Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  jNI.P.,  of  Ponsonby-hall ; 
the  tithes  having  been  purchased  by  his  ancestor, 
Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  from  Sir  Thomas  Chaloner, 
to  whom  they  had  been  granted  on  the  dissolu- 
tion of  the  priory  of  St.  Bees.  The  chapel  is  ten 
miles  distant  from  the  mother-church.  The 
present  incumbent  is  the  Rev.  J.  Douglas,  who 
was  appointed  in  1S27. 

The  chapelry  of  Wasdale-Headf  forms  part  of 

son's  horse,  but  atout  twenty  years  ago  it  fell  down  into  the  lake,  when 
a  cleft  was  made  about  100  yards  long,  four  feet  wide,  and  of  incredible 
depth." 

•  Engraved  in  Fisher's  Northern  Tourist. 

t  The  chapelries  of  Wasdale-Hcad,  Nether-Wasdale,  and  Eskdale, 
adjoin  each  other,  and  form  a  large  mountainous  district  of  about  forty 
square  miles,  very  thinly  iiopulated. 


PARISH    OF   ST.    BEES.  413 

the  manor  of  Kskdale,  of  which  Majov-General 
Wyndham,  of  Cockermouth  castle,  is  lord.  Mr. 
•John  Denton  speaks  of  Wasdale  as  a  waste  full 
of  red  deer,f  "  the  inheritance  of  the  earl  of 
Northumberland  ;  and  before,  the  Lucy's  lands, 
being  a  parcel  of  their  third  part  of  the  barony 
of  Egremont,  which  Thomas  Lucy  got  with  his 
wife  Margaret,  one  of  the  daughters  and  coheirs 
of  .John  Moulton,  last  of  that  name.  Baron  of 
Egremont." 

This  lonely  district,  surrounded  by  barren  and 
lofty  mountains,  comprises  a  level  area  of  about 
400  acres,  "divided  by  stone  walls  into  small 
irregular  fields,  which  have  been  cleared  with 
great  industry  and  labour ;  as  appears  from  the 
enormous  heaps  of  stones,  piled  up  from  the  sur- 
plus after  completing  the  enclosures."  In  Hut- 
chinson's Cumberland  it  is  stated,  that  "  one  of 
the  land-owners,  whose  name  is  Fletcher,  derives 
the  family  possessions  here,  from  a  course  of  not 
less  than  700  years." 

This  small  hamlet  is  supposed  to  have  been 
formerly  more  populous:  in  1792,  it  contained 
only  47  inhabitants. 

The  Chapel— Was  certified  to  the  governors 
of  Queen  Ann's  bounty,  of  the  value  of  3/.  per 
annum.  In  1719,  it  received  an  augmentation 
by  lot  of  200/.  It  is  situated  fourteen  miles  from 
the  mother  church.  This  "  unwealthy  mountain 
benefice"  is  a  perpetual  curacy,  in  the  gift  of  the 
incumbent  of  St.  Bees ;  and  was  returned  to  the 
commissioners  for  enquiring  respecting  ecclesias- 
tical revenues  as  of  the  average  annual  value  of 

t  Nicolson  and  Bum  say,  here  "  is  a  large  forest  of  deer,  which  ex. 
tends  as  far  as  Styhead  in  Boredalc." 

3   G 


414        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

49/.  The  present  incumbent  is  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Kitchen,  who  was  appointed  in  1819.  The  tithes 
belong  to  Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  INI.P.,  of  Pon- 
sonby-hall,  having  been  purchased  by  his  ancestor, 
Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  from  Sir  Thomas  Chaloner, 
to  whom  they  had  been  granted  on  the  dissolu- 
tion of  the  priory  of  St.  Bees.  In  ]  792,  the  in- 
cumbent's certain  income  was  only  about  20/.  per 
annum,  arising  from  lands  purchased  entirely 
from  Queen  Ann's  bounty:  this,  however,  was 
increased  by  contributions  from  the  inhabitants. 
The  dispute  between  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale  and 
Mr.  Banks,  of  Wasdale,  respecting  the  right  of 
pi'esentation  to  tliis  living,  was  terminated  in 
1S19  :  the  Bishop  of  Chester,  to  whose  considera- 
tion the  matter  was  referred,  having  expressed 
his  opinion  in  favour  of  the  latter,  the  noble  Earl 
withdrew  his  claim.* 

The  Chapel  is  a  very  small  humble  edifice,f 

*  Carlisle  Journal,  Nov.  13,  1819. 
t  Mr.  Wordsworlh,  in  his  "  Description  of  the  Scenery  of  the  Lakes," 
makes  the  following  beautiful  remarks  on  the  mountain  churches  and 
chapels  :--"  The  architecture  of  these  churches  and  chapels,  where  they 
have  not  been  recently  rebuilt  or  modernised,  is  of  a  style  not  less  ap- 
propriate and  admirable  than  that  of  the  dwelling-houses  and  other 
stnicttires.  How  sacred  the  spirit  by  which  our  forefathers  were  directed  ! 
The  religio  loci  is  no  where  violated  by  these  unstinted,  yet  unpretend- 
ing, works  of  human  hands.  They  exhibit  generally  a  well-proportioned 
oblong,  with  a  suitable  porch,  in  some  instances  a  steeple  tower,  and  in 
others  nothing  more  than  a  small  belfry,  in  which  one  or  two  bells  hang 
visibly.  But  these  objects,  though  pleasing  in  their  forms,  must  neces- 
sarily, more  than  others  in  rural  scenery,  derive  their  interest  from  the 
sentiments  of  piety  and  reverence  for  the  modest  virtues  and  simple 
manners  of  humble  life  with  which  they  may  be  contemplated.  A  man 
must  be  very  insensible  who  would  not  be  touched  with  pleasure  at  the 
sight  of  the  chapel  of  Buttcrmcre,  so  strikingly  expressing,  by  its  dimi- 


PARISH   OF    ST.    BEES.  415 

(near  the  half-dozen  houses  composmg  the  ham- 
let,) containing  eight  pews,  and  unprovided  with 
a  burial-ground:  the  dead  are  buried  at  the 
chapel  of  Nether-Wasdale. 

iSnnfrOalc. 

Ennerdale  is  a  chapelry  under  St.  Bees  in- 
cluding the  townships  of  Ennerdale,  Ennerda  e- 
Hi^^h-End,  and  Kinneyside.  Although  it  has  by 
some  been  considered  as  a  separate  parish  or 
parochial  chapelry,  yet  its  dependency  under  bt. 
Bees  was  estabUshed  by  a  verdict  given  at  Carhsle, 
in  1G90,  and  it  was  returned  as  such  under  the 
population  act.  The  interest  of  2\l.  is  distributed 
yearly  to  the  poor  of  the  chapelry  ;  but  the  donor 
is  unknown.  ,  . 

Mr.  John  Denton  says,  the  Irish  named  it 
Lou<rh  Eanheth  (lacus  volucrum),  from  the  lowls 
that  bred  there  in  the  islands ;  the  river  they  cal- 
led Eanlieth  ;  and  the  dale,  Eaner,  or  Ar-ean :  the 
Saxons,  retaining  the  Irish  name,  called  the  va  ey 
Encrdah'.  In  the  register  of  St.  Bees  it  is  called 
Avenderdala. 

nutivc  size,  how  smaU  must  be  the  congregation  there  assembled,  as  it 
were,  like  one  famUy ;  and  proclaiming  at  the  same  time  to  the  passenger, 
in  connection  with  the  surrounding  mountains,  the  depth  of  that  seclu- 
sion in  whicli  the  people  live,  that  has  rendered  necessary  the  buildmg 
of  a  separate  place  of  worship  for  so  few.  A  patriot,  calling  to  mmd  the 
images  of  the  stately  fabrics  of  Canterbury,  York,  or  Westminster,  will 
find  a  heart-felt  satisfaction  in  presence  of  this  lowly  pile,  as  a  monu- 
ment of  the  wise  institutions  of  our  country,  and  as  evidence  of  the  all- 
pervading  and  paternal  care  of  that  venerable  Establishment,  of  which 
it  is  perhaps,  the  humblest  daughter.  The  edifice  is  scarcely  larger 
than  many  of  the  single  stones  or  fragments  of  rock  which  are  scattered 

3  G  2 


416        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Enuerdale  was  formerly  a  forest ;  Mr.  Sand- 
ford,  in  his  M.S.,  mentions  more  than  once  "  the 
bow-bearer  of  Enerdale  forrest,"  and  speaks  of 
"  The  montaines  and  fForest  of  Innerdale,  wher 
ther  is  reed  dear,  and  as  great  Hartts  and  Staggs 
as  in  any  part  of  England. . . . The  bowbearer  is 
a  brave  gentleman.  I  have  been  at  his  honse  in 
the  lower  end  of  Enerdale."  The  deer-park  is 
now  called  the  Side. 

"  At  Low-Mere  beck,  in  the  township  of  Kin- 
neyside,  a  lead  mine  was  opened  in  the  year 
1791.  It  was  first  discovered  in  the  apertures 
of  the  shaken  rocks,  and  at  first  working  had  a 
very  promising  appearance,  the  metal  being  good, 
and  the  situation  convenient ;  but  by  the  negli- 
gence or  unskilfulness  of  the  workmen,  the  vein 
was  lost,  and  the  undertaking  given  up  after  a 
short  trial."  The  lead  mines  are  now  leased  by 
a  company  of  the  lord  of  the  manor. 

The  Manor. — Ranulph  de  iNIeschines,  son  of 
AMlliam,  gave  this  manor,  or  rather  a  portion  of 
it,  to  the  priory  of  St.  Bees.  The  remainder 
passed  in  the  division  of  the  barony  of  Egremont 
to  the  Harringtons,  of  Hamngton,  (see  page  7), 
and,  having  passed  by  successive  heiresses  to  the 
Bonvilles  and  Greys,  was  forfeited  to  the  crown, 
in  1554,  by  the  attainder  of  Henry,  tliird 
Marquess  of  Dorset,  and  Duke  of  Suffolk,  K.G. 
The  whole  of  the  manor  is  now  vested  in  the 
Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

Castle-How. — Castle-How,  Caswell-How,  or 
How  Hall,  an  ancient  mansion  on  the  banks  of 
Ennerdale-lake,  was  a  seat  of  the  Patricksons. 
"  The  representative  of  this  ancient  family,  whose 
property  in  this  county  has  been  long  since  ali- 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  417 

enated,  is  William  Patrickson,  Esq.,  of  Crosby- 
on-Eden,  as  descended  from  William,  eldest  son 
of  Hugh  Patrickson,  Esq.,  of  Stanwix,  who  died 
in  1711." 

A  pedigree  of  this  family,  brought  down  to  the 
present  period,  is  not  now  to  be  recovered,  in 
consequence  of  the  accidental  destruction  of  the 
register  of  the  parish  of  Stanwix,  where  the 
family  subsequently  resided.  We  are  enabled, 
however,  to  give  several  generations,  copied  from 
the  visitation  of  the  county  of  Cumberland, 
A.  D.  1665,  in  the  Herald's  College,  London. 

The  manor,  which  includes  the  lake,  was  sold 
by  the  Patricksons  in  the  seventeenth  century ; 
in  1816,  it  was  the  property  of  Henry  Birley, 
Esq.,  of  Whitehaven ;  it  now  belongs  to  John 
Dickinson,  Esq.,  of  Red-How.  The  mansion, 
now  occupied  as  a  farm-house,  is  seated  near  the 
foot  of  the  lake.  It  was  I'ebuilt  by  Joseph  Sen- 
house,  Esq.,  of  Calder  Abbey,  who  received  it 
in  marriage  with  the  daughter  and  heiress  of 
John  Tiffm,  Esq.  Mr.  Senhouse  preserved  many 
of  the  antiquities  of  the  old  mansion,  including 
part  of  the  private  chapel. 

Patrickson  of  Caswell-How. 

Arms : — Or,  a  fess  between  three  greyhounds  current, 
sable,  with  a  crescent  for  difi'ercnce. 

Crest: — On  a  mount  vort,  a  stag  current,  proper,  hoofed 
and  attired,  or. 

William  Patrickson,  of  Caswcll-IIow,  Esq.,  married 
Frances,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Wyet,  knight,  (one  of  the 
most  honorable  privy  council  to  Henry  VIII.  who  was 
attainted  in  Queen  Mary's  reign  for  the  rebellion  in  Norfolk,) 
and  widow  of  Thomas  Lee,  of  Calder-Abbey,  Esq.  She 
lies  buried  in  the  church  of  Ponsonby,  where  there  is  an 
inscription  to  her  memory,  (see  page  291). 


418         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Henry  Patrickson  of  Caswell-How,  Esq.,  son  and  heir, 
married  Bridget,  daughter  of  ....  Lee,  and  sister  of  Sir 
Henry  Lee,  of  Calder  Abbey,  knight. 

Thomas  Patrickson,  of  Caswell-How,  Esq.,  son  and  heir, 
married  Jane,  daughter  of  Lancelot  Fletcher,  of  Tallentire, 
and  widow  of  Francis  Richmund,  of  High-head  castle,  co. 
Cumberland,  by  whom  he  had  issue, 
Joseph. 

John,  who  married  Bridget,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir 
Eichard  Fletcher,  of  Hutton,  knight,  by  his  second 
wife,  Barbara,  daughter  of  Henry  Crackenthorpe,  of 
Newbiggin,  co.  Westmorland,  Esq.  Mr.  Patrickson, 
on  his  marriage  with  Sir  Richard's  daughter,  became 
possessed  of  Calder  Abbey.     He  had  issue, 

Barbara,  who  married  John  Aglionby,  Esq.  recorder 
of  Carlisle,  and  had  issue, 

John  Aglionby,  of  Nunnery,  Esq. 
Bridget,  married  to  George  Watson,  Esq.,  of 
Goswick  Castle,  co.  Durham. 
Bridget,  wife  of  the  loyal  Sir  Timothy  Fetherstonhaugb, 
of  the  college,  Kirkoswald,  knight,  who  was  taken 
prisoner  with  James  Stanley,  seventh  Earl  of  Derby, 
and  beheaded  for  his  loyalty,  at  Chester,  1st  October, 
1651,  (see  Leath  Ward,  pp.  291,  472.) 
Dorothy,  wife  of  Lancelot  Lowther,  a  younger  brother 
of  the  Low  thers  of  Ingleton,  co.  York. 
He  died  in  or  about  the  year  1614,  and  was  succeeded  by 
his  eldest  son, 

Joseph  Patrickson,  of  Caswell-How,  Esq  ,  son  and  heir, 
was  aged  56  years,  in  1665,  at  the  time  of  Dugdale's  visita- 
tion of  the  county  of  Cumberland.*  He  married  Catherine, 
daughter  and  coheiress  of  Thomas  Salkeld,  of  Brayton,  co. 
Cumberland,  Esq.  by  whom  he  had  issue, 

Thomas,  "  son  and  heir,  aged  23  years,  3  April,  1665," 

at  the  time  of  the  said  visitation. 
George. 
Joseph. 

Jane,  married  to  Charles  Hudson,  of  Bootherbeck,  co. 
Cumberland. 

*  In  tie  list  of  the  contributors  for  the  support  of  the  garrison  of  Car- 
lisle, during  the  Great  Rebellion,  appears  the  name  of  "  Mr.  Patrickson 
of  PaisTvellhow."  See  Tullie's  "  Narrative  of  the  Siege  of  Carlisle,  in 
1644  and  1645." 


PARISH    OF   ST.    BEES.  419 

Isabel. 

Catherine. 

Bridget. 

Patrickson  of  Stockhow. 

.Arms: — Or,  a  fess  between  three  greyhounds  current, 
sable. 

Crest : — On  a  mount  vert,  a  stag  current,  proper,  hoofed 
and  attired,  or. 

Anthony  Patrickson,  of  Stockhow,  co.  Cumberland,  gentle- 
man, was  succeeded  by  his  son  and  heir, 

Anthony  Patrickson,  of  Stockhow,  gentleman,  who  died 
in  or  about  the  year  1624.  He  married  ....  daughter  of 
George  Fletcher,  of  Tallantire,  co.  Cumberland,  by  whom 
he  had  issue, 

Henry,  of  Frisington  and  Loweswater. 
Tf^illiam. 

Amhony,    \  gol'i«'"'ths  in  London. 

William  Patrickson,  of  Stockhow,  gentleman,  son  and 
heir,  died  in  December,  1645.  He  married  Frances,  daugh- 
ter of  Thomas  Salkcld,  of  Rrayton,  Fsq.,  by  whom  he  had 
issue, 

Thotnas. 

John,  a  captain,  in  the  service  of  Charles  I.,  who  was 
slain  at  Scarborough,  in  1644. 

Richard. 

Anthony,  died  unmarried. 

Jane. 

Clare,  wife  of  John  Potter,  of  Whitehaven. 

Barbara,  wife  of  John  Patrickson. 

Helen,  wife  of  Robert  Grendall. 

Isabel,  wife  of  Nicholas  Taylor. 

Thomas  Patrickson,  of  Stockhow,  gentleman,  eldest  son 
and  heir,  was  a  major  in  a  regiment  of  foot,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Sir  Patricius  Curwen,  Bart,  "  in  his  now  majesty's 
service,  a^ed  47  years,  3rd  April,  1665."  He  married 
Frances,  daughter  of  Thomas  Benson,  of  Skategill,  co. 
Cumberland,  by  whom  he  had  issue. 


420       ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

Thomas,  "  aged  17  years,  3rd  April,  1665,"  at  the  time 

of  Dugdale's  visitation. 
William. 
Anthony. 
Frances. 
Bridget. 

The  Chapel. — The  chapel  is  distant  about  six 
miles  from  the  parish-church  of  St.  Bees.  It  was 
certified  to  the  governors  of  Queen  Ann's  bounty 
at  41.  13s.  4(1. ;  which  was  paid  by  the  impropri- 
ator; and  was  returned,  in  1831,  to  the  commis- 
sioners for  enquiring  respecting  ecclesiastical 
revenues,  as  of  the  average  annual  value  of  84/. 
It  is  a  small  edifice,  and  was  repewed  in  1786  at 
the  cost  of  40/.,  which  had  been  levied  as  a  fine 
on  the  overseer  for  refusing  to  relieve  a  poor 
woman  who  died  for  want  upon  the  fell,  in  con- 
sequence of  his  inhumanity.  The  thorn  hedge, 
which  enclosed  the  burial  ground,  was  removed 
in  1825,  and  a  stone  wall  built  on  its  site.* 

The  living  is  a  perpetual  curacy,  in  the  patron- 
age of  Henry  Curwen,  Esq.,  of  Workington-hall. 
The  Rev.  John  Campbell  Shaw,  is  the  present 
incumbent. 

i£0bliali;. 

Eskdalef  is  a  chapelry  and  joint-township 
with  Wasdale-Head.  The  road  from  White- 
haven to  Kendal  leads  through  this  part  of  the 
parish,  up  the  romantic  vale  of  the  Esk.  This 
is  a  very  mountainous  district.     Scafell  Pike  is 

•  Parson  and  VVIiite. 
t  This  is  usually  pronounced  Eshdale ;  it  is  a  curious  coincidence  tliat 
in  the  Falor  Eccle^astictis  of  Henry  VIII.  the  place  is  spelled  Esshdak. 


PARISH    OF   ST.    BEES.  421 

the  highest  eminence  in  England  ;*  until  the 
last  century  several  red-deer  bounded  along  its 
rocky  sides,  one  of  which  was  chased  into  Wast- 
Water  and  drowned,  "  within  the  memory  of 
persons  now  living"  [1792].  In  the  year  1S13, 
there  were  thirteen  births  in  this  chapelry,  and 
only  one  burial. 

The  manors  of  Eskdale  and  ]Miterdale  belong 
to  Major-General  A^^yndham,  of  Cockermouth 
castle,  as  parcel  of  his  barony  of  Egremont. 
Austhwaite  and  Birker,  which  are  in  the  parish 
of  IMilloni,  although  generally  included  in  the 
accounts  of  this  chapelry,  have  been  already 
described  in  a  previous  part  of  this  volume  (page 
178.) 

"  On  a  stone  near  Buck-Ci'ag,  are  the  impres- 
sions of  the  foot  of  a  man,  a  boy,  and  a  dog, 
without  any  marks  of  tooling,  or  instrument;  and 
much  more  wonderful  than  the  heifer's  foot  in 
Borrowdale,  shewn  by  the  guides  on  the  lake,  to 
the  amazed  traveller.    Doe-Crag  and  Earn-Crag 

•  "The  South  Pike,"  says  the  Rev.  W.  Ford,  "which  is  3092  feet 
in  height,  is  most  aeccssiblc  from  Wastdale  or  Eskdale.  This  aspiring 
pinnaele  presents  a  more  sublime  and  not  less  elegantly-varied  range  of 
mountains,  dales,  and  sea  views,  than  either  Helvelljn  or  Skiddaw ;  a 
considerable  part  of  the  Lancashire,  Cumberland,  and  Scotch  coasts, 
■with  the  Isle  of  Slan  and  Snowdon  in  Wales  being  visible.  The  Pike 
which  is  3160  feet  in  height  on  the  north  peak  of  the  fell,  commands  a 
view  of  Windermere  and  Dement  lakes ;  and,  upon  the  whole,  presents 
a  more  complete  panorama  than  the  other  point.  These,  though  only 
1200  yards  in  a  direct  distance,  are  separated  by  a  chasm  called  the 
Mickle  Door,  costing  a  distance  of  two  miles'  severe  travelling  to  overcome. 
Very  little  or  rather  no  vegetation  is  to  be  seen  on  this  fell ;  rocks,  and 
large  blocks  of  stone  piled  one  upon  another,  are  the  principal  features, 
and  the  geographicus  lychnims  appears  in  pecuhar  beauty." 

3    H 


422         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

are  remarkable  precipices,  whose  fronts  are  po- 
lished as  marble,  the  one  160  perpendicular  yards 
in  height,  the  other  120  yards." 

"  The  lands  within  Eskdale  and  INIiterdale 
manors,  save  only  two  tenements,  have  lately 
been  enfranchised,  and  are  now  discharged  of 
fines,  heriots,  and  customary  services,  except  the 
payments  of  door-toll,  and  greenhew,  doing  suit 
and  service  at  the  leet  and  court  baron,  and 
riding  Ravenglass  fair  on  St.  James's  day,  the  5th 
of  August,  when  the  tenants  of  the  manor  are 
bound  to  join  in  the  procession.  The  two  cus- 
tomary tenants  hold  under  arbitrary  fines,  set  at 
the  will  of  the  lord,  and  payable  on  the  death  of 
lord  and  tenant,  or  upon  alienation,  they  render 
a  heriot,  and  pay  a  customary  rent ;  the  special 
services,  due  by  custom,  we  are  not  informed  of." 

Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  High-sheriff  of  the 
county,  temp.  William  III.,  who  gave  100/.  to  the 
chapel,  gave  also  10/.  to  the  poor  of  this  chapelry ; 
and  there  was  then  a  poor-stock  of  13/.  In  1792 
the  poor-stock  amounted  to  97/.  10s.  "  The 
interest  of  137/.  has  been  left  by  several  donors, 
for  the  education  of  the  poor  of  Eskdale ;  as  also 
has  the  interest  of  400/.  which  is  divided  among 
the  indigent  inhabitants  of  the  chapelry  on  the 
Sunday  after  Easter." 

A  fair  is  holden  here  on  the  north  side  of  the 
chapel-yard,  on  the  5th  of  December,  O.  S.  being 
the  feast  of  St.  Catherine,  virgin  and  martyr,* 
to  whom  the  chapel  is  dedicated. 

The  Chapel. — The    chapel  was   certified   in 

•  There  were  no  less  than  six  of  the  name  of  Catherine,  or  Katherine, 
who  obtained  canonization ;  the  festival  of  St.  Catherine,  virgin  and 
martyr,  occurs  Kovemher  25th. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  423 

1717  at  9/.  per  annum,  of  which  sum  51.  arose 
from  the  interest  of  100/.  given  by  Edward 
Stanley,  Esq.,  high  sheriff  of  the  coiv/.ty,  temp. 
William  III.  There  is  a  small  crlebo  belonjrinof 
to  it,  and  the  benefice  has  been  augmented  by 
Queen  Ann's  bounty.  The  living  is  a  perpetual 
curacy,  "  to  which  the  inhabitants  anciently  pre- 
sented," but  the  patronage,  which  has  been  some 
time  in  the  Stanley  family,  is  now  held  by 
Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  ALP.,  of  Ponsonby-hall. 
In  17JJ2,  this  benefice  was  worth  about  30/.  per 
annum.  In  1831,  it  was  certified  to  the  com- 
missioners for  enquiring  concerning  ecclesiastical 
revenues  of  the  average  annual  value  of  667.,  with 
a  glebe-house  fit  for  residence.  The  great  tithes 
belong  to  I'Mward  Stanley,  Esq.,  M.P.,  of  Pon- 
sonby-hall, whose  ancestor  purchased  them,  in 
1577,  from  Sir  Thomas  Chaloner,  to  whom  they 
were  granted  on  the  dissolution  of  the  priory  of 
St.  Bees. 

"  There  is  a  tradition  that  the  chapel  bell  hung 
in  an  oak  tree,  on  an  eminence  on  the  north  side 
of  the  chapel ;  and  this  notion  is  supported  by 
the  name  of  Bell-hill ;  as  there  is  no  other  evi- 
dence, we  are  rather  inclined  to  believe  that  this 
hill  w-as  the  place  of  the  Bcl-tc'uig,  from  the  many 
remnants  of  antiquity,  which  we  have  before 
noted." 

List  of  Iiiciiiuhents. 

1716  Thomas  Parker,*  ob.  1769. 

•  Educated  at  the  college  of  Glasgow ;  for  twenty  years  before  his 
death  ho  was  totally  blind,  yet  during  that  time  ho  preached,  and  per- 
formed every  ministerial  duty,  except  reading  the  lessons  and  psalms, 
which  his  son  read  for  him. 

3  H  2 


424         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

1770  Aaron  Marshall,  ob.  1814. 
1814  Robert  Povvley. 

The  chapel  of  Eskdale  is  dedicated  to  St. 
Catherine,  virgin  and  martyr,*  and  is  fourteen 
miles  distant  from  the  mother-church.  Some  of 
the  windows  contain  stained  glass,  among  which 
is  conspicuous  the  figure  of  the  patron  saint  and 
her  wheel.  There  are  two  bells ;  the  larger  is 
said  to  have  two  dates,  12S7  and  1687.  A  well 
near  the  chapel  still  retains  the  name  of  St. 
Catherine's  Well. 

Hensingham  is  a  large  village  and  chapelry, 
about  one  mile  south-east  from  Whitehaven.  It 
contains  many  good  houses  and  detached  man- 
sions, and  being  situated  on  the  summit  of  a  hill 
it  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  town  and  har- 
bour of  Whitehaven.  Within  the  township  are 
the  following  gentlemen's  seats  : — Hensingham 
Hall,  the  residence  of  Henry  Jefferson,  Esq. ; 
Linethwaite,  a  mansion  undergoing  a  very  ex- 
tensive repair,  the  residence  of  George  Harrison, 
Escj. ;  Ingwell,  the  seat  of  jNIrs.  Gunson  ;  Sum- 
mergrove,  the  seat  of  Major  Spedding ;  Chapel 
House,  the  residence  of  John  Steward,  Esq. ; 
and  the  villas  of  Thomas  Mill  ward,  Esq.,  William 
F.  Nicholson,  Esq.,  &c. 

At  Overend  are  some  extensive  lime  quarries, 
the  property  of  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale.  In  the 
village  is  a  linen  thread  and  check  manufactory. 

•  See  page  422. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BKES.  425 

The  parochial  school  is  chiefly  supported  by 
subscription. 

This  village  had  the  honor  of  being  the  birth- 
place (A.D.  1519)  of  Edmund  Grindal,  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  the  founder  of  the  Free 
Grammar  School  of  St.  Bees.* 

The  jNIanor. — At  the  time  of  the  Concpiest 
this  manor  was  held  by  Gillesby,  Gilby,  or  Gills- 
bueth,  whose  sons,  Roger  and  William,  granted 
to  the  abbot  of  St.  jNIary's,  at  York,  two  bovates 
in  Hensingham,  and  the  land  of  Snarthever. 
"  The  tenants  were  also  given  to  the  said  abbey." 
Alan,  son  of  Ketel,  at  the  instance  of  Cln'istian, 
his  wife,  gave  millstones  to  the  abbot  of  Ilolme- 
Cultram  out  of  his  lands  at  Hensingham. 

A  moiety  of  this  manor  was  held  of  Adam  de 
Moresby,  by  the  Branthwaite  family,  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  I.  From  them  it  descended  to  the 
Whitiigs,  lords  of  Little  Bampton,  and  passed 
from  them  to  the  iSkeltons  of  Branthwaite,  by 
marriage  of  a  colieiress  of  Thomas  Whitrig.  In 
tlie  reign  of  Henry  VI.,  "  it  was  holden  of  the 
abbot  of  St.  Maries,  at  York,  per  quarlam  partem 
feodi  miliiis,  by  the  Skeltons."  From  the  Skel- 
tons  it  passed,  by  sale,  to  the  Salkelds  of  Brayton, 
"whose  coheiresses  sold  it  to  Sir  Wilfrid  Lawson, 
before  the  year  lG88."f-  About  the  year  1748, 
the  manor  was  purchased  by  Anthony  Bcnn,  Esq. 
There  was  a  dispute  concerning  the  manor  be- 
tween the  Lowther  family  and  the  Benns,  which 
was  determined  by  the  purchase  of  Mr.  Benn's 
part,  by  James,  first  Earl  of  Lonsdale.  It  is 
now  the  property  of  the  present  Earl. 

•  See  memoir  of  Arclibishop  Grindal,  page  427. 
t  T.  Denton. — Lysons. 


426         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

The  Chapel. — This  chapel,  hcensed  in  the 
year  1791,  was  built  at  the  expence  of  Anthony 
Benn,  Esq.,  and  others  of  the  inhabitants.  It  was 
purchased  of  his  executors,  by  William,  Earl  of 
Lonsdale.  Whilst  the  chapel  was  in  the  posses- 
sion of  INIr.  Benn,  it  was  only  a  licensed  place  of 
worship  ;  but  after  being  purchased  by  the  Earl 
of  Lonsdale,  it  was  consecrated,  and  endowed  by 
his  lordship  with  an  estate,  called  Keekle  Bank, 
valued  at  about  100/.  per  annum.  The  estate, 
however,  has  seldom  produced  that  sum,  but  the 
noble  Earl  collects  the  rents,  and  pays  to  the 
incumbent  the  full  100/.  annually.  The  benefice 
is  a  perpetual  curacy,  in  the  gift  of  the  lord  of  the 
manor,  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  and  was  returned  to 
the  commissioners  for  enquiring  concerning 
ecclesiastical  revenues  as  of  the  average  annual 
value  of  126/.  with  a  glebe-house  fit  for  residence. 
The  chapel  is  dedicated  to  St.  John.  The 
resident-curate  is  the  Rev.  Amos  Hall,  M.A. 

Previous  to  the  year  1811  there  was  no  stated 
minister,  and  no  registers  were  kept.  The 
chapel  contains  618  sittings,  182  of  which  num- 
ber are  free. 

There  is  but  one  monumental  inscription  in 
the  chapel,  to  the  memory  of  the  Rev.  Charles 
Church,  which  bears  this  inscription  : — 

To  the  memory  of 

the  Rev.  CHARLES  CHURCH,  A.M. 

formerly  minister  of  this  chapel, 

and  afterwards 

chaplain  to  the  Hon.  the  East  India  Compy. 

on  the  Madras  establishment; 

■who  died  on  his  passage  home, 

April  XV,  MDCCCXXII 

AgedXXXVII. 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  427 

List  of  Incumbents. 

1811  Charles  Church,  M.A. 
1817  George  D.  Whitehead,  M.A. 
1832  Robert  Whitehead,  M.A. 

Memoir  of    Archbishop    Grindal. 

This  benevolent  and  pious  prelate — whose  name  cannot 
be  mentioned  without  veneration,  and  whose  memory  is 
intimately  connected  with  this  part  of  the  county,  as  the 
founder  of  the  Free  Grammar  School  of  St.  Bees* — was  born 
at  Hensingham,  A.  D.  1519. 

"After  a  suitable  foundationofschool-learning,he  was  sent 
to  Magdalen  College  in  Cambridge,  but  removed  from  thence 
to  Christ's,  and  afterwards  to  Pembroke  Hall ;  where,  hav- 
ing taken  his  first  degree  in  Arts,  he  was  chosen  fellow  in  1538, 
and  commenced  M.A.  in  1511.  In  1549,  he  became  president 
of  his  college;  and  being  now  B.D.  was  unanimously  chosen 
Lady  Margaret's  public  preacher  at  Cambridge  ;  as  he  was 
also  one  of  the  four  disputants  in  a  theological  e.vtraordinary 
act,  performed  that  year  for  the  entertainment  of  King  Ed- 
ward's visitors. 

"Thus  distinguished  in  the  university,  his  merit  was  ob- 
served by  Ridley,  Bishop  of  London,  who  made  him  his 
chaplain  in  1550 ;  perhaps,  by  the  recommendation  of  Bucer, 
the  king's  professor  of  divinity  at  Cambridge;  who,  soon 
after  his  removal  to  London,  in  a  letter  to  that  prelate,  stiles 
our  divine,  "a  person  eminent  for  his  learning  and  piety." 
And  thus  a  door  being  opened  to  him  into  church  prefer- 
ments, he  rose  by  quick  advances.  His  patron,  the  bishop, 
was  so  much  pleased  with  him,  that  he  designed  for  him  the 
first  preferments  that  should  fall ;  and  in  1551,  procured  him 
to  be  made  chaplain  to  the  king.  July  2nd,  1552,  he  obtained 
a  stall  in  Westminster  Abbey ;  which  however  he  resigned 
to  Dr.  Bonner,  whom  he  afterwards  succeeded  in  the  bishop- 
rick  of  London.  In  the  mean  time,  there  being  a  design, 
on  the  death  of  Dr.  Tunstall,  to  divide  the  rich  see  of  Durham 
into  two  ;  Grindall,  as  being  a  northern  man,  was  nominated 
into  one  of  them.  "  But  a  great  topping  courtier,"  says 
Strype,  "  put  an  end  to  this  pious  purpose  of  supplying  those 

*  See  an  account  of  tliis  school,  pp.  354  to  359. 


428        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

parts,  where  ignorance  and  superstition  most  prevailed,  with 
two  bishops,  for,  by  his  sway,  he  got  the  whole  bishoprick 
dissolved,  and  settled  as  a  temporal  estate  upon  himself." 

"  In  1553,  he  fled  from  the  persecution  under  Queen  Mary, 
and  was  one  of  the  exiles  for  religion  in  Germany;  where  he 
diligently  collected  materials  for  a  martyrology,  and  greatly 
assisted  John  Fox  in  compiling  his  laborious  work.  Settling 
at  Strasburgh,  he  there  made  himself  master  of  the  German 
tongue,  that  he  might  preach  in  German  churches.  In  the 
disputes  at  Frankfort,  about  a  new  model  of  government 
and  form  of  worship,  varying  from  the  last  liturgy  of  King 
Edward,  he  sided  with  Cox  and  others  against  Knox  and  his 
followers.  Beturning  to  England,  on  the  accession  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  he  was  employed,  among  others,  in  drawing  up 
the  newliturgy.to  be  presented  to  the  queen's  first  parliament; 
and  was  also  one  of  the  eight  protestant  divines,  chosen 
about  that  time  to  hold  a  public  dispute  with  the  popish 
prelates.  His  talent  for  preaching  was  likewise  very  service- 
able :  and  he  was  generally  appointed  to  that  duty  upon  all 
public  occasions.  At  the  same  time  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  commissioners  in  the  north,  on  the  royal  visitation  for 
restoring  the  supremacy  of  the  crown,  and  the- Protestant 
faith  and  worship.  This  visitation  also  extended  to  Cam- 
bridge, where,  Dr.  Young  being  removed  for  refusing  the 
oath  of  supremacy,  from  the  mastership  of  Pembroke  Hall, 
Grindall  was  chosen  by  the  fellows  to  succeed  him,  in  1559. 

"  In  the  month  of  July,  the  same  year,  he  was  nominated  to 
the  bishoprick  of  London,  vacant  by  the  deposition  of  Bon- 
ner. The  juncture  was  critical,  and  the  fate  of  the  church 
revenues  seemed  to  depend  on  the  event.  An  act  of  parlia- 
ment had  lately  passed,  whereby  her  majesty  was  empower- 
ed to  exchange  the  ancient  episcopal  manors  and  lordships 
for  tithes  and  impropriations :  a  measure  extremely  regretted 
by  these  first  bishops,  who  scrupled  whether  they  should 
comply  in  a  point  so  injurious  to  their  respective  sees ;  and 
by  which  all  hope  would  be  cut  off  of  restoring  the  tithes,  so 
long  imjustly  detained  from  the  respective  churches,  for  the 
maintenance  of  the  incumbents.  In  this  important  point,  as 
well  as  about  some  scruples  respecting  certain  habits  and 
ceremonies,  our  bishop,  who  (tinctured,  perhaps,  a  little  with 
some  of  that  puritanic  spirit,  "  fished,"  as  Bishop  Hall  ex- 
presses it,  "  out  of  tlie  Lake  of  Geneva,"  with  which  most  of 
the  reformed  in  his  day  were  more  or  less  infected)  seemed 
to  think,  that  in  order  completely  to  free  the  church  of 
Christ  from  the  errors  and  corruptions  of  Rome,  every  usage 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES. 


429 


and  custom  practised  by  tliat  church  should  be  abolished  ; 
that  all  the  ceremonies  and  circimistanccs  of  religious  wor- 
ship should  be  entirely  abrogated,  and  the  service  ol  God 
rendered  as  simple  as  possible  ;    and  thereon  he  consulted 
Peter  Martyr;   and  would  not  accept  of  the  bishoprick,  till 
he  had  received  his  sanction  and  authority.    In  15G0,  he  was 
made  one  of  the  ecclesiastical  commissioners,  in  pursuance 
of  an  act  of  parliament,  to  inspect  the  manners  of  the  clergy, 
and  regulate  the  aOairs  of  the  church ;    and  the  same  year, 
he  joined  with  Cox,  Bishop  of  Ely,  and  Parker,  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  in  a  private  letter  to  the  queen,  persuading 
her  to  marry.     In  1561,  he  held  his  primary  visitation.     In 
1563,  he  assisted  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  together 
with  some  civilians,  in  preparing  a  book  of  statutes  for  Christ 
church,  Oxford.     He  was  also  very  serviceable,  this  year, 
in  procuring  the  English  merchants,  who  were  ill  used  at 
Antwerp  and  other  parts  of  the  Spanish  Netherlands,  a  new 
settlement  at  Embden  in  East  Friesland. 

"  \pril  15th,  1564,  he  took  the  degree  of  D.D.,  at  Cam- 
bridge ;   and  the  same  year,  executed  the  queen's  express 
command,  for  exacting  uniformity   in  the  clergy  ;    but  he 
proceeded   so  tenderly   and   slowly,   that    the    archbishop 
thou<Tht  fit  to  excite  and  quicken  him  :   whence  the  Puritans 
tliought  him  inclined  to  their  party.      However,  he  brought 
several  Nonconformists  to  comply ;  to  which  end  he  pub- 
lished   a  letter  of  Henry  Bullinger,  minister  oi  ^urick  in 
Switzerland,  to  prove  the  lawfulness  thereof ;    which  had  a 
very   good  cflect.      The  same  year,  October  3rd,  on  the 
celebration  of  the  Emperor  Ecrdinand's  funeral,  he  preached 
a  sermon  at  St.  Paul's,  which  was  afterwards  printed.     In 
1567,  he  executed  the  queen's  orders,  in  proceeding  agamst 
the  unlicensed,  prohibited  preachers;  but  was  by  some  so 
treated  with  rude  language  and  reproaches,  that  it  abated 
much  of  his  favourable  inclinations  towards  them.     May  the 
1st,  1570,  he  was  translated  to  the  sec  of  York.     He  owed 
this  promotion  to  Secretary  Cecil,  and  Archbishop  Parker  ; 
who  liked  his  removal  from  London,  as  not  being  resolute 
enough  for  the  government  there.     The  same  year,  he  wrote 
a  letter  to   his  patron,  Cecil,  that  Cartwright,  the  famous 
Nonconformist,  might  be  silenced  ;  and  in  1571,  at  his  me- 
tropolitical  visitation,  he  showed  an  hearty  zeal,  by  his  in- 
junctions, for  the  discipline  and  good  government  of  the 
church.     In   1572,  he  petitioned  the   queen  to  renew   the 
ecclesiastical  commission.     In   1574,  he  held  one  for  the 
purpose  of  proceeding  against  papists,  whose  number  daily 

o   I 


430        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

diminished  in  his  diocese,  which  he  was  particularly  careful 
to  furnish  with  learned  preachers,  as  being,  in  his  opinion, 
the  best  method  to  attain  that  end.  On  the  death  of  Parker, 
he  was  translated  to  Canterbury;  in  which  see  he  was  con- 
firmed, Feb.  15th,  1575.  May  6th,  1576,  he  began  his 
metropolitical  visitation,  and  took  measures  for  the  better 
regulation  of  his  courts  ;  but,  the  same  year,  fell  under  her 
majesty's  displeasure,  by  reason  of  the  favour  he  shewed  to 
what  was  called  "the  e.\ercisc  of  prophesying." 

"  Grindal  laboured  to  redress  these  irregularities  by  setting 
down  rules  and  orders  for  the  management  of  these   e.xer- 
cises :    however,  the  queen  still  disapproved  of  them,  as 
seeing  probably  how  very  apt  they  were  to  be  abused.     She 
did  not  like,  that  the  laity  should  neglect  their  secular  affairs, 
by  repairing  to  those  meetings,  which  she  thought  might 
fill  their  heads  with  notions,  and  occasion  dissensions  and 
disputes,  and  perhaps  seditions,  in  the  state.     And  the  arch- 
bishop being  at  court,  she  particularly  declared  herself  offend- 
ed at  the  number  of  preachers,  as  well  as  the  e.vercises,  and 
ordered  him  to  redress  both  ;   urging,  that  it  was  good  for  the 
church  to  have  few  preachers, — that  three  or  four  might 
suffice  for  a  county,  and  that  the  reading  of  the  homilies  to 
the  people  was  sullicicnt.     She  therefore  required   him  to 
abridge  the  number  of  preachers,  and  put  down  the  religious 
exercises.     This  did  not  a  little  afflict  him  ;  he  thought  the 
queen  infringed  upon  his  office  ;   to  whom,  no.\t  to  herself, 
the  highest  trust  of  the  church  of  England  was  committed  ; 
especially  as  this  command  was  peremptory,  and  made  with- 
out advising  with  him,  and  that  m  a  matter  so  directly  con- 
cerning religion.     He  therefore  wrote  a  letter  to  her  majesty, 
declaring  that  his  conscience,  for  the  reason  therein  men- 
tioned, would  not  sutler  him  to  comply  with  her  commands. 
"This  refusal  was  dated  Dec.   20th,    1576.     The  queen, 
therefore,  having  given  him  sufficient  time  to  consider  well 
his  resolution,  and  he  continuing  unalterable  therein,  she 
sent  letters  ne.xt  year  to  the  bishops,  to  forbid  all  exercises 
and  prophesyings,  and  to  silence  all  teachers  and   preachers 
not  lawfully  called,  of  whom  there  was  no  small   number. 
The  case  was  a  trying  one ;  that  some  disagreeable  and  mis- 
chievous consequences  resulted  from   these  prophesyings, 
has  already  been  remarked  ;    and  that,  possibly,  the  arch- 
bishop was  mild  to  an  excess,  and  even  blamably  indulgent 
to  these  beginnings  of  those  popular  innovations,  which  soon 
after  overturned  all  order  in  the  church,  and  the  church 
itself,  is  as  much  as  the  utmost  rigour  could  possibly  charge 


PARISH    OF    ST.    BEES.  431 

him  with ;  whilst  it  must  be  acknowledged,  that  he  gave 
very  strong,  if  not  sud'icient  reasons,  for  a  continuance  of 
the  practice;   and  remonstrated  to  his  sovereign,  with  be- 
coming deference  and  modesty,   though   at  the  same  time 
with  a  firmness  suitable  to  the  high  character  with  which  ho 
was   invested.     The    queen  was  inflexible,  not  to    say  in- 
tolerant; and  so,  our  i)rclale  still  refusing  to  comply,   was 
with  an  high  hand,  ordered  to  be  confined  to  his  house,  and 
sequestered  from  his  jurisdiction  for  six  months.     At  the 
expiration  of  this  term,   the  lord   treasurer  wrote  to    him 
about  making  his  submission  ;   with  which  as  he  still  refused 
to  comply,  the  sequestration  was  continued  ;   and  ere  lono- 
there  were  thoughts  of  depriving  him;  which,  however,  did 
not  take  place.     In  1579,  his  conlinement  was  either  taken 
off,  or  else  he  had  leave  to  retire  to  his  house  at  Croydon; 
for  we  find  him  there  consecrating  the  Bishop  of  Exeter  that 
year,  and  the  Bishops  of  Winchester,  Lichfield,  and  Coven- 
try, the  year  following.     This  part  of  his  commission  was 
exercised  by  a  particular  commission  from  the  queen  ;   who, 
in  council,   appointed   two   civilians   to  manage  the  other 
affairs  of  his  see,  the  two  of  his  nomination  being  set  aside. 
Yet  sometimes  he  had  special  commands  from  the  queen 
and  council  to  act  in  person,  and  issued  out  orders  in  his 
own  name  ;  and  in  general  was  as  active  as  he  could  be,  and 
vigilant  ill  the  care  of  his  diocese,  as  occasion  offered.     The 
precise  time  of  his  being  restored  does  not  appear;  but,  it 
is  in  evidence,  that  the  severity  used  towards  him   was   far 
from  bringing  him  over.     The  farthest  advances  he   made 
were  only  such  a  submission  as  became  a  dutiful  subject  to 
his  sovereign.     In   1.582,  several  of  his  proceedings  show 
that  he  was  then  in  full  possession  of  all  his  metropolitical 
power;  and   in  that  year  he   lost  his  eye-sight.     lu   1583, 
finding  himself  under  great  infirmities  by  the  loss   of  his 
sight,  and  also  by  the  stone,  strangury,  and  colic,  he  resign- 
ed his  archbishojjric  ;   retiring,   on  a  small  but  lionourable 
pension,  to  Croydon,  where,  two  months  after,  viz.  July  6th 
1583,  he  died,  aged  63." 

In  his  will  he  ordered  his  body  to  be  buried  "in  the 
choir  of  the  parish  church  of  Croydon,  without  any  solemn 
herse  or  funeral  pomp."  The  register  of  the  church  con- 
tains the  following  entry  : — 

Edmunde  Grindall,   L.  .\rchbishop  of  Canterburie,  de- 
ceased the  vj  day  of  ,Iulye,  and  was  buried  the  fyrsto  day  of 
Auguste,  annodni  1583,  and  anno  regiii  Elizabeth;e,  25. 
A  noble  monument  on  the  south  side  of  the  altar  in  the 

3  I  2 


432        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

above  church  commemorates  the  good  archbishop.  On  a 
sarcophagus  within  an  arched  recess,  the  entablature  of 
which  is  supported  by  Corinthian  columns,  lie  the  painted 
effigies  of  a  churchman  in  his  scarlet  robes.  Surmounting 
the  entablature  are  three  shields  of  arms,  viz.  centre  shield, 
the  arms  of  the  see  of  Canterbury  impaling  quarterly  or  and 
az.,  a  cross  quartered  erm.  and  or,  between  four  pea-hens 
collared  and  countercharged  ;  dexter  shield,  the  arms  of 
the  see  of  York;  sinister  shield,  the  arms  of  the  see  of 
Loudon,  both  impaling  the  same.  Beneath  his  effigies  are 
these  verses : — 

Grindall'  doctus,  prudens,  gravitate  verendus, 

Justus,  munificus,  sub  cruce  fortis  erat. 
Post  crucis  serumnas  Christi  gregis  AngUa  fecit 
Signiferum,  Ckristus  coclica  regna  dedit. 

In  memoria  aetema  erit  Justus. — Psal.  cxii. 

At  the  top  of  the  monument — 

Beati  mortui  qui  in  Dno  moriuntur  : 
Bequiescunt  enim  a  laboribus  suis, 
Et  opera  illorum  scquuntur  illos. 
Apoc.  14. 

Under  the  above  are  the  two  following  verses  in  ju.\ta- 
position — 

Pr-Tsulis  eximii  ter  postquam  est  auctus  honore, 
Pervigiliq  greges  rexit  moderamine  sacros  ; 
Confcctum  senio  durisq  laboribus,  ecce 
Transtulit  in  placidam  Mors  exoptata  quietem. 

Mortua  marmoreo  conduntur  membra  sepulchre 
Sed  mens  sancta  viget,  Fama  percnnis  erit. 

Nam  studia  ct  Musa;,  quas  magnis  censibus  auxit, 
Grindall  nomen  tempus  in  omne  ferent. 

And  immediately  above  the  effigies  is  this  inscription : — 
Edmund'  Grindall'  Cumbriensis,  Theol'  D',  Eruditione,  Prudentia, 
et  Gravitate  clarus  ;  Constantia,  Justitia,  et  Pietate  insignis,  civibus  et 
percgrinis  cliarus ;  ab  exilio  (quod  Evangelii  causa  subiit)  reversus  ad 
summum  dignitatis  fastigium  (quasi  decursu  bonorum)  sub  R.  Eliza- 
betha  evectus,  Ecclesiam  Losdincn.  primum,  deinde  Eborac.  demu. 


PARISH    OF   ST.    BEES,  433 

Cantuaricn.  resit.  Et  cum  jam  bic  nihil  rcstaret  quo  altius  ascenderet, 
e  corporis  vinculis  liber  ac  beatus  ad  cccluin  evolavit  6o  Julii  an.  Dni 
1583.  ^tatis  suee  63.  Hie  prseter  multa  pietatis  officia  quoe  vivus 
prffistitit,  moribuudus  maxima,  bonorum  suorum  partem  piis  usibus 
consecravit.  In  Paraicia  Div.T;  Begha;  (ubi  natns  est)  Scholam  Gram- 
matic.  splendide  cxtrui  et  opimo  censu  ditari  curaTit.  Magdalencnsi 
coetui  Cantabr.  (in  quo  puer  primiun  Academiae  ubera  suxit)  discipulum 
adjecit,  Collegio  Christi  (ubi  adultus  lids,  incubuit)  gratum  Mnemosunon 
leliquit;  Aula;  PembrocUina!  (cujus  olim  Socius,  postea  Praefectus, 
cxtitit)  ^rarium  &  Bibliotbccam  auiit,  Graicoq.  Prajlectori,  imi  Socio, 
ac  duobus  Discipulis,  ampla  stipendia  assignavit.  Collegium  Regius 
Oxon.  (in  quod  Curabrienses  potissimum  cooptantur)  nummis,  libris  et 
magnis  proventibus  locupletavit.  Ciyitati  Cantuar.  (c»i  moriens  prae- 
fuil)ctntu.  libras,  in  hoc,  ut  pauperes  honestis  artificiis  exercercntur, 
pcrpetuo  serrandas,  atq.  impendendas  dedit.  Residuum  bonoru.  Pietatis 
operibus  dicavit.  Sic  vivens  moriensq.  Ecclia;,  Patria;  et  bonis  Uteris 
profuit. 

"  Archbishop  Grindal  lived  and  died  unmarried.  His  only 
brother,  whose  name  was  Robert,  with  his  wife  and  only- 
son,  all  three  died  in  the  space  of  three  weeks,  in  1567, 
leaving  behind  him  four  orphan  daughters.  Of  these,  Anne, 
contrary  to  the  wish  of  her  uncle,  married  "  William  Dacre, 
son  of  Richard  Dacre,  gent,  who  dwelt  beside  Carlisle :" 
this  person  is  supposed  to  have  been  of  the  Gilsland  family, 
and  to  have  been  nearly  connected  with  Leonard  Dacre, 
who  was  attainted  for  high  treason,  and  banished  for  being 
concerned  in  the  affair  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots.  The  arch- 
bishop had  likewise  several  nieces  by  his  sister,  Elizabeth 
Woodhall.  He  does  not  seem  to  have  amassed  much  wealth; 
which  is  more  admirable,  considering  the  large  revenues  he 
possessed,  and  the  length  of  time  he  enjoyed  them  in  the 
three  sees  of  London,  York,  and  Canterbury,  and  all  the  time 
free  from  the  incumbrance  of  a  family.  This,  as  Fuller  ob- 
serves, may  perhaps  be  erroneously  imputed  to  his  being  an 
expensive  man;  but  it  is  more  truly  to  be  ascribed  to  his 
indifference  about  worldly  interests,  and  his  being  unwilling 
to  die  guilty  of  much  wealth.  The  little  he  had  was  well 
got,  and  well  disposed  of,  in  benefactions  to  the  two  univer- 
sities, and  in  founding  the  school  at  St.  Bees. 

"Strype,  who  wrote  his  life,  in  order  to  vindicate  him  from 
the  calumnies  to  which  the  troubles  in  which  he  was  involved 
exposed  him,  says,  that  he  was  much  celebrated  among  his 


434         ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

cotemporaries,  who  best  knew  him,  for  his  great  learning* 
and  piety.  From  the  effigy  on  his  monument,  in  which  his 
blindness  is  certainly  described,  Strype  infers  that  his  face 
was  comely,  and  his  beard  long,  black,  and  somewhat  forked, 
and  curling. f  He  was  a  man  of  great  firmness  and  resolution, 
though  of  a  mild,  afi'able  temper,  and  friendly  disposition. 
His  deportment  was  courteous  and  engaging;  in  his  elation, 
not  at  all  afl'ecting  grandeur  or  state  ;  humane,  indulgent, 
and  liberal.  He  is  said  to  have  excelled  as  a  preacher;  and 
thence,  perhaps,  in  some  degree,  his  supposed  predilection 
for  preaching  and  preachers.  That  he  was  moderate  and 
mild,  and  indulgent  to  the  Puritans,  more  than,  as  it  after- 
wards appeared,  was  either  quite  prudent,  or  they  deserved, 
needs  not  be  denied.  Collier,  who  will  hardly  be  suspected 
of  partiality  to  innovators  in  religion,  expressly  vindicates 
him  from  the  imputations  of  Latitudinarianism,  and  indifl'er- 
ence  to  the  peculiar  and  proper  interests  of  the  church.  In 
short,  he  appears,  upon  the  whole,  well  to  have  deserved  the 
glorious  character,  given  of  him  by  one  of  the  first  and 
greatest  men  of  that,  or  any  other  age,  Lord  Bacon,  viz. 
that  he  was  the  gravest  and  greatest  prelate  of  the  land." 

Grindal  is  the  Algrind  of  Spencer,  which  is  the  anagram 
of  his  name.  It  is  recorded  of  him  that  he  first  introduced 
into  England  the  useful  medicinal  plant,  the  tamarisk.j 

•  Holinshed  says,  lie  was  so  studious,  that  his  book  was  his  bride, 
and  his  study  his  bride-chamber,  in  which  he  spent  his  eyesight,  his 
strength,  and  his  health. 

t  There  is  a  portrait  of  Dr.  Grindal  on  wood,  in  the  Combination-room 
of  Pembroke  Hall,  Cambridge;  and  a  copy  from  Vandyke,  by  old  Stone, 
is  in  the  library  of  Lambeth  Palace.  There  are  several  engraved  por- 
traits of  the  archbishop. 

X  For  the  above  memoir  we  arc  mainly  indebted  to  au  account  of  the 
archbishop,  written  for  Hutchinson's  Cumberland,  by  the  Ecv.  Jonathan 
Boucher,  M.A.,  F.A.S.  vicat  of  Epsom  ;  and  to  Steinman's  History  of 
Croydon. 


^pprnOtx 


PONSONBY  OF  PONSONBY  AND  HALE. 

Arms: — Gules,  a  chevron  between  three  combs  argent. 
Crest : — On  a  ducal  coronet  three  arrows,  one  in  pale  and  two  in 
saltire,  the  points  downward,  entwined  by  a  serpent,  proper. 
Motto: — Pro  rege,  lege,  grege. 

The  family  of  Ponsonby  are  descended  from  an  ancient  and  noble 
family  in  Picardy  in  France  ;  and  their  ancestor  accompanied  William, 
Duke  of  Normandy,  in  his  expedition  to  England.  His  posterity  settled 
at  Hale,  in  Cumberland,  where  they  took  the  name  of  Ponsonby  from 
the  lordship  of  Ponsonby,  and  had  the  office  of  barber  to  the  kings  of 
England  conferred  upon  them. 

Owing  to  a  change  of  name  from  Ponsonby  to  De  Hale,  it  is  not  easy 
to  give  their  descent  regularly. 

There  was  one  Ponson  in  the  reign  of  king  Stephen  and  Henry  I. 
His  son,  John  Fitz-Pousun,  lived  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.  This  is 
probably  he  who  gave  the  church  of  Ponsonby  to  the  priory  of  Conis- 
head. 

Alexander,  son  of  Richard  Ponsonby,  lived  about  the  time  of  Edward 
II.  William  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.  Robert,  in  Richard  II. 's 
time. 

In  the  reign  of  Henry  I H.,  Hale  was  the  property  of  Alexander  de 
Hale  ;  his  daughters,  Agnes  and  Constance,  held  it  of  Thomas  de  JIul- 
ton  of  Gilsland,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.,  at  which  time  the  Ponsonbys 
got  Agnes'  part,  and  in  the  time  of  Richard  II.  the  Ponsonbys  became 
possessed  of  the  whole. 

John  Ponsonby  of  Hale,  Esq.,  married  and  had  issue, 

Simon  Ponsonby,  Esq.,  married  to  Anne  Eglcsfield,  of  Alneburgh 
Hall,  Cumberland,  who  had  issue, 

Henry  Ponsonby,  Esq.,  who  married  Dorothy  Sandys,  of  Rottington, 
in  the  parish  of  St.  Bees,  and  had  issue, 

1.   Henry,  ancestor  of  the  Crotto  family,  in  Ireland. 
2    John,  married  Dorothy,  daughter  of  John  Brisco,  of  Crofton,  in 
Cumberland,  Esq.,  and  had  issue, 
John,  of  whom  hereafter. 
These  two  brothers,    Henry  and   Jolm,   Avent  into  Ireland  with 
Oliver  Cromwell,  in  whose  army  they  were  colonels  of  horse,  and 
were  made  knights. 
Sir  John  secondly  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Lord  Folliot, 
widow  of  Richard,  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Edward  Winglicld,  and 


436        ALLERDALE    WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

was  mother  of  FoUiot,  Viscount  Powerscourt,  from  whom  des- 
cend the  Earl  of  Besborough  and  Lord  Ponsonby  of  Imotrilly. 

3.  Anne  married  ....  Irton,  of  Irton,  Esq. 

4.  Jane. 

f>.  Ellen,  married  ...    Crosby,  of  Ireland,  Esq. 

John  Ponsonby,  Esq.  married  Anne,  daughter  of  Copley,  of  Gosforth, 
Esq.,  and  had  several  children. 

John  Ponsonby,  Esq.  married  Isabella,  daughter  of  Thomas  Patrick- 
son,  of  Scalegill  Hall,  in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  and  had  issue  nine 
children. 

John  Ponsonby,  Esq.,  married  Dorothy,  daughter  of  Miles  Wilson, 
of  Ashness,  in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  Esq.,  and  had  issue, 

1.  John,  who  died  in  Cumberland,  a  minor. 

2.  Miles,  of  whom  hereafter. 

3.  Anthony. 

4.  William. 

5.  Mary. 

6.  Isabella. 

7.  Dorothy,  manied  . . . :   Steel,  Esq.,  of  Cockermouth,  and  had 
issue. 

Miles  Ponsonby,  Esq.  married  Catherine,  daughter  of  Wilfrid  Cle- 
raentson,  of  Cockermouth,  Esq.,  and  had  issue, 

1.  John,  who  died  in  thf  East  Indies. 

2.  Richard,  died  in  the  East  Indies. 

3.  Miles,  died  in  Cumberland. 

4.  Anthony,  died  in  the  West  Indies. 

5.  William,  died,  a  minor,  iu  Cumberland. 

6.  Martha,  died  in  Cumberland. 

7.  Catherine,  died  in  Cumberland. 

8.  Dorothy,  of  whom  hereafter. 

9.  Mary,  married  E.  C.  Kuubley,  Esq.,  of  WhitehaTen,  and  has 
issue. 

10.  Catherine. 

Dorothy  Ponsonby,  married  John  Fisher,  Esq.,  of  Whiteliaven,  wlio 
in  right  of  his  wife  assumed  the  name  and  arms  of  Ponsonby,  by  the 
Ust  will  and  testament  of  the  late  Miles  Ponsonby,  Esq.,  of  Hale  Hall, 
and  has  issue, 

1.  Thomas,  died  in  Cumberland,  a  minor. 

2.  Miles,  of  whom  hereafter. 

3.  Mary. 

4.  Catherine. 

5.  Dorothy. 

6.  John. 

Miles  Ponsonby,  Esq.,  of  Hale  Hall,  married  Barbara,  daughter  of 
Christopher  Wilson,  Esq.,  of  Rigmaden  Park,  Westmorland,  and  has 
issue, 

i.  Catherine  Cumpstone  Florence. 

2.  Dorothy  J.ane. 

3.  Miles  Do  Hale,  bom  11th  May,  1841. 


APPENDIX.  437 

LAMPLUGH  OF  LAMPLUGH. 

The  following  additions  to  the  pedigree  of  the  Lamphighs  of  Lam- 
plugh  (see  page  84)  bring  it  down  to  the  present  time.  They  are  taken 
from  Burke's  Commoners. 

John  do  Lamplugh,  living  1st  Henry  VII.,  married  Isabell,  daughter 
of  Sir  John  de  Pennington,  Knt.,  and  had  issue, 
John,  his  heir. 
Thomas,  of  Skellsmorc,  in  Cumberland,  whose  son, 

Adam,  marrying  Agnes,  daughter  of  Robert  Ben,  of  Cumber- 
land, had,  witli  two  daughters,  Jane  and  Mary,  a  sou, 

Thonnus  of  Little  Itiston,  in  Yorkshire,  anno  1581,  who 
married  Jane,  daughter  of  Robert  Fairfax,  Esq.  of  Pock- 
thorpe,  and  had  isssny, 

1.  Christopher,  of  Riston,  in  1612,  who  married 
Anne,  daughter  and  co-heir  of  Thomas  Roper,  of 
Oclon. 

2.  Thomas,  who  purchased  the  manor  of  Ribton,  in 
Cumberland,  and  died  in  1670,  aged  83,  leaving  by 
Agues  his  wife,  (with  another  son  Richard,*  who 
married  Frances,  daughter  of  Sir  Christopher  Low- 
ther,  Bart.,  of  Whitehaven), 

Thomas,  U.D.  Archbishop  of  York,t  who  mar- 
ried Catherine,  daughter  of  Edward  Uavenant, 
D.U.,  nephew  of  John  Davenant,  Bishop  of 
Salisbury,  and  had  a  son  and  successor, 
Thomas  Lamplugh,  U.  D.  aiehdeacon  of 
Richmond,  born  in  1661,  who  married  a  lady 


•  This  Richard  dc  Lamplugh  left  a  daughter,  Jane,  married  first,  to 
John  Senhouse,  Esq.,  of  Netherhall;  and  secondly,  to  Charles  Orfcur, 
Esq.,  of  Plumbland,  in  Cumberland. 

t  Dr.  Lamplugh,  sometime  fellow  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  was 
successively  rector  of  Binfield,  in  Berkshire,  of  Charlton-on-Ottmore,  in 
Oxfordshire,  principal  of  St.  Alban's  Uall,  0.\ford,  archdeacon  of  Lon- 
don, prebendary  of  Worcester,  vicar  of  St.  Martin's  in  the  Fields,  dean 
of  Rochester,  bishop  of  Exeter,  and  archbishop  of  York,  in  which  see 
he  was  cnthronized  by  proxy,  19th  December,  1688.  He  died  at  Bishop- 
thorpe,  5th  May,  1091,  aged  76,  and  was  buried  in  York  Minster,  where 
his  monument  bears  the  following  inscription  :  "  Hie  in  spe  resurgendi 
depositum  jacet  quod  morlale  fuit  Reverendissimi  in  Christo  Patris 
Thoma;  Lamplugh,  archiepiscopi  Eboracensis,  S.  T.  P.  ex  antiqui  ct 
gcncrosd  Latnplughorum  dc  Lamplugh,  in  agro  Cumbriensi  Familiik 
oriundi."  There  is  no  positive  proof  that  his  Grace  was  exactly  descend- 
ed OS  stated  in  the  text,  though  the  presumptive  evidence  of  the  fact  is 
strong. 

3   K 


438        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    BERWENT. 

named  Margaret,  and  had,  with  other  issue, 
a  son  and  heir, 

Thomas  Lamphigh,  lector  of  Bolton  Percy, 
and  canon  residentiaryof  York,  of  whom 
hereafter,  as  inheritor  of  Lamplugh,  upon 
tlie  demise  and  under  the  devise  of 
Thomas  Lamplugh,  Esq. 
John  de  Lamplugh  was  succeeded  by  his  sou, 

Sir  John  de  Lamplugh,  knight,  of  Lamplugh,  sheriff  of  Cumberland 
29th  Henry  VIII.  who  marriecl  first,  Isabella,  daughter  of  Sir  Christopher 
Curwen,  of  Workington,  and  had  by  her  a  son, 

John,  his  heir. 
He  married  secondly,  Catherine,  daughter  and  co-heir  of  Guy  Foster,  of 
Howsam,  and  had  three  daughters,  viz. 

Mary,  married  to  Thomas  Skelton. 

Wable. 

Frances,  married  to  David  Fleming,  third  son  of  Hugh  Fleming. 
Sir  John  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

John  Lamplugh,  of  I-amplugh,  who  married  two  wives  :  by  the  first, 
Jane  Blennerhassct,  he  had  one  son,  Edward,  who  died  issueless,  and  by 
the  second,  Isabel,  daughter  of  Christopher  Siaplelon,  of  Wighill,  another 
son,  his  successor, 

Richard  Lamplugh,  Esq.,  of  Lamplugh,  father,  by  Alice  Warde  his 
wife,  of 

John  Lamplugh,  Esq.,  of  Lamplugh,  who  married  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Sir  Edward  Musgrave,  knight,  and  dying  in  1636,  was  succeeded  by 
his  son, 

John  Lamplugh,  Esq.,  of  Lamplugh,  born  in  1019.     This  gentleman, 
devoted  to  the  royal  cause  during  the  civil  war,  was  colonel  of  a  regiment 
of  foot  under  Prince  Rupert,  and  fought  at  Marston  Moor,  in  1644, 
where,  commanding  the  Yellow  Colours,  he  received  several  wounds, 
and  was  taken  prisoner.      He  maiTied  first,   Jane,  daughter  of  Hoger 
Kirby,  Esq.,  of  the  county  of  Lancaster;  secondly,  Frances,  LadyLow- 
ther,  daughter  of  Christopher  Lancaster,  Esq.,  of  Sockbridge,  in  W'cst- 
morlaud,  and  thirdly,  Frances,  daughter  of  Thomas  Lamplugh,  Esq.  of 
Ribton.     By  the  last  only  he  had  issue,  viz. 
Thomas,  his  heir. 
Edward,  died  unmarried. 
John,  died  s.  p. 

Elizabeth,  second  wife  of  Henry  Brougham,  Esq.,  of  Scales,  in 
Cumberland.  Upon  the  demise  of  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Lamplugh,  in  177.3,  the  male  line  failing,  this  Elizabeth  became 
heir  general  of  the  senior  branch  of  the  house  of  Lamplugh  of 
Lamplugh,  wliich  is  now  represented  by  her  eldest  male  descend- 
ant, Henry,  Lord  Brougham  and  Vaux. 
Phccbe,  appears  to  have  died  unnuirricd. 
Colonel  Lamplugh  was  succeeded  at  his  decease  by  his  eldest  son, 

Thomas  Lamplugh,  Esq.,  of  Lamplugh,  born  in  1657,  who  served  the 
office  of  shcrifl' for  Cumberland  in  the  13th  William  III.  His  son  and 
successor, 


APPENDIX.  439 

Thomas  Lamplugh,  Esq.,  of  Lamplugh,  by  Frances  his  wife,  had  an 
only  daughter  and  lieiress, 

Elizahclli,  married  to  George  Irton,  Esq.,  of  Irton,  but  died  s.  p. 

devising  by  will,  dated  6th  November,  1773,  her  estate  at  Dovenby '. 

to  the  Uev.  Thomas  Lamplugh,  of  Copgrove,  in  the  county  o' 

York,  for  life,  with  remainder,  in  default  of  male  issue,  to  Pete"^ 

Brougham,  descended  from   Elizabeth  Lamplugh  of  Lamplugh* 

He  succeeded  in   1783.  and  died  in   1791  s  p.   when  Dovenby 

passed  to  his  niece  and  heiress,  Mary  Dvkes. 

Mr   Lamplugh  died  in  J737,  and  bequeathed,  by  will  dated  1731,  "the 

capital  messuage  of  Lamplugh  11  all,  and  the  demesne  lands  of  Lamplugh, 

&c.  to  his,  the  testator's  cousin," 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Lamplugh,  rector  of  Bolton  Percy,  and  canon  resi- 
dentiary of  York  Minster,  grandson  of  the  archbishop  of  York.      This 
gentleman  married  17ih  April,  1721,  Honor,  daughter  of  William  Cha- 
loner,  Esq.,  of  Guisborough,  in  the  county  of  York,  and  had  issue, 
Thonias.  his  heir. 

Honor,  died  unmarried  2nd  January,  1795. 
Mary,  died  unmarried  before  1783. 

Katherine,  co-heir  to  her  brother  Thomas,  married  the  Bev.  Godfrey 
Wollcv,  rector  of  Thurnscoc,  and  of  Warmsworth,  and,  dying  in 
1801,  left  issue, 

Edward  Wolley,  of  FuKord  Grange,  and  Nether  Hall,  in  the 
county  of  York,   who  assumed   the  surname  and  arms  of 
Copley  in  1810.     He  died  in  181.3. 
Thomas  WoUuy,  vice-admiral  of  the  White,  married,  and  has 

issue. 
Godfrey  Wolley,  in  holy  orders,  rector  of  Hutton  Bushel,  died 

in  1^22. 
Isaac  Wolley,  captain  R.N.  married  and  had  issue. 
Honor  Wolley,  married  to  the  Kcv.  Anthony  Fountayne  Eyre. 
Cordelia  Wolley,  married  to  George  Bower,  Esq.,  of  Sheliield. 
Katherine  Wnliey,  married  to  John  IJaper,  Esq.,  of  Lotherton, 
and  was  mother  of  the  present  John  Lamplugh  Lamplugh 
Raper,  Esq  ,  of  Lamplugh. 
Mary  Wolley. 
Anne,  co-heir  to  her  brother,  who  married  8th  October,  1750,  John 
Raper,  Esq.,  of  Abberford,  in  the  coimty  of  York,  and  dying  in 
July,  1 783,  left  a  son, 
John  Raper  of  .\bberford  and  Lotherton,  who  succeeded  his 
uncle,  Thomas  Lamplugh,  at  Lamplugh. 
Jane,  mirriid  to  Samuel  Pdwson,  of  York,  merchant. 
Sarah,  died  young. 
The  Uev.  Thomas  Lamplugh  was  succeeded  by  his  only  son, 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Lamplugh,  of  Lamplugh,  rector  of  Copgrove  and 
Goldesborough,  and  prebendary  of  Wislow,  who  married  Mary,  daughter 
of  James  Collins,  gent,  of  Ivnartsborough  and  I'olcyfote,  but,  dying 
without  issue  in  1783,  was  succeeded  by  (the  son  of  his  sister  Anne)  his 
nephew, 

John  Raper,  Esq.,  of  Abberford  and  Lotherton,  who  then  became  also 
"of  Lamplugh."  He  married  at  Tulfurd.  Kith  October,  1789,  Katherine, 
third  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Godfrey  Wolley,  by  Katherine,  his  wife, 

3  K  2 


440        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

daughter  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Lamplugh,  of  Laniplugh,  aud  had  two 
sons  and  one  daughter,  viz. 

John-Lmnpluyh  liaptr  ,  his  heir. 

Henry  Kajier,  of  Linrohi's  Icn,harrisler-at-law,  born  12lh  February, 
1795,  married   IGth  December,  1824,   Gcorgiana  third  daughter 
of  Jolin  Moore,  Esq.   captain  in  the  5th  regiment  of  Dragoon 
Guards. 
Ann  Raper,  married  to  James  Brooksbank,  merchant,  of  London, 
second  son  of  Benjamin  Brooksbank,  Esq.,  of  Healaugh   Hall, 
in  the  West  Riding  of  York. 
Mr.  Raper  died  the  3rd  of  July,  1821,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  elder 
sou, 

John  Lamidugh  Lamplugh-Raper,  Esq.,  of  Lamplugh,  in  the  county 
of  Cumberland,  and  of  Lolherton,  in  Yorkshire,  boni  at  Abberford  19th 
July,  1790;  married  25th  October,  1813,  Jaue,  second  daughter  of 
Benjamin  Brooksbank,  Esq,,  of  Healaugh  Hall,  in  the  West  Riding  of 
York.  This  gentleman,  whose  patronymic  is  Raper,  assumed  by  sign 
manual,  10th  March,  1825,  the  additional  surname  and  arms  of  Lamplugh. 

LEWTHWAITE  OF  BROAD  GATE  IN  MILLOM. 

Arms: — Ermine  a  cross  florj'  azure  fretty  or. 

Crest: — A  garb  or,  bo\iiid  by  a  serpent  nowed  proper,  holding  in  the 
mouth  a  cross  crosskt  litcliee  gules. 
Motto : — Tendons  ad  xthera  virtus. 

Thomas  Lewthwaite,  of  Whicham,  married  a  daughter  of  ... .  Newby, 
of  Haverigg,  and  had  a  sou, 

Thomas  Lewthwaite,  bom  8th  December,  1588,  married  a  daughter 
of  ... .  Askew,  of  Greymains.  This  'i'honias  purchased  Broad  Gate, 
and  settled  there  :  he  died  in  1067,  having  had  three  cliildren, 

1  John,  a  captain  in  a  regiment  of  foot  raised  by  Sir  William  Hud- 
Icston.  of  Millom  Castle,  for  the  service  of  King  Charles  I.  in 
which  loyal  cause  he  was  slain  at  Edge  Hill,  in  1G42,  s.  p. 

2.  James,  who  succeeded  his  father. 

3.  Margaret,  married  William  Beuson  of  Wabcrthwaite. 

James  Lewthwaite,  of  Broad  Gate,  married  Agnes,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam Dickson,  Esq.,  of  Beck  bank,  and  had  issue. 

1.  Jo/i)i,  who  succeeded  his  father. 

2.  Raliii,  died  in  Loudon,  1697,  «.  p. 

3.  William,  born  at  Broad  Gate,  7th  December,  1G67,  a  merchant 
at  Gateshead,  co.  Durham,  married  Catherine,  daughter  of  Sir 
Gilfrid  Lawson,  of  Brayton,  Bart,  aud  had  issue, 

1.  Alfred,  who  died  an  infant. 

2.  John,  a  merchant  at  \\hileliavcii,  married  Grace,  daughter 
of  Robert  Jackson,  Esq.,  of  Bransty  House,  and  had  a  son, 

Gilfrid,  drowned  whilst  bathing  behind  the  North  I'ier, 
Whitehaven,  and  was  buried  at  St.  Nicholas's,  in  thf^t 
town,  .\'jgust  3rd  1779,  s.  p. 

4.  James,  of  Lady  Hall,  married  a  daughter  of  Mylcs  Wennington, 
Esq.,  of  Greystonc  House,  and  had  two  sons, 

1.  James,  settled  in  Chester,_aud  had  issue. 


APPENDIX.  '^^'■ 

2.  John,  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  James  Lancaster,  and 
had  issue  two  sons,  ,  ,     ,  • 

1.  John,  settled  in  London,  and  had  issue. 

2.  George,  of  Ulvcrston,  died  s.  p. 
5.  Anthonv,  died  at  Lancaster,  «.  p. 

1.  Elizabeth,  i 

2.  Agnes.        >  all  died  s.  p. 

4'  ElteTmmied  William  Robinson,  of  Waberlhwaite,  and  had 
a  daugluer  Elizabeth,  married  John  Halied,  and  had  issue  one 
son,  WUliam  Halied.  who  died  in  Dublin  m  1  /80,  s.  p. 

Tnbn  Lewthwaitc  of  Broad  Gate,  married  Eleanor,  daughter  of  George 
\vSew!Es.r"f  Woodland,  in  the  parish  of  Kirby  Ireleth,  co.  Lan- 

caster,  and  had  issue, 

1.  James,  died  young,  «.  p. 

I  Sr:  m^^^'.ol^e:^.  of  St.  James-  Street.  London. 
""'LCharirLec  Lewis,  a  celebrated  comedian.  raaiTied  and 

L'EUzXth  Lewis,  married  ,  . . .  Dawkh.s  '^■^^  died  .^  p  ,       , 

2.  Elizabeth,  married  John  Addison,   gentleman,  of   Ka>englass, 

and  had  issue,  .     ,  .     ,       j 

1    Henry  Addison,  died  m  London,  s.  p. 
'2    Tohn  Addison,  died  in  London.  $.p.  .  ,    „        ct       i 

r  El  izabeth.\ddison.  married  George  Fenwick,  Esq.  of  Lamb- 
ton.  CO.  Durham,  and  had  issue, 
William  Fenwick. 
George. 
John. 
Addison. 
Ralph. 
Robert. 
2.  Elizabeth,  died  unmarried. 

William  Lewthwaitc,  of  Broad  Gate,  married  Elizabeth,  J^»'£l"cr  of 
JoS^  To^rs,  Esq.,  of  ilocklcr  Hall,  in  the  county  of  Lancaster,  and 

'l    j'oltn,  who  succeeded  his  father. 
2    HWiam,  of  whom  hereafter. 

man   and  had  issue,  .       ,  .    , 

1    Thomas  Posllcihwaite,  died  in  London  unmarried. 
2.  William,  died  in  London  immanied. 
1     I'lizabeth.  died  unmarried. 
2'.  Agnes  mirried  John  WUde,  of  Broughton,  gentleman,  and 

2    ElizSh,  married  William  Hunter,  of  Cross  House,  in  MiUom, 

3.  Tg^lrm^a^i^'d-itm^'Bailey.of  Broughton,  in  Furness,  and 

4.  Margaret,  married   Taylor,  a  solicitor  in  Liverpool,  and 

died  t.  p 


442         ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

John  LcwAwaite,  a  merchant  in  Lancaster,  died  on  his  plantation,  at 
Check  Hall,  iu  the  Island  of  Dominica,  in  June,  1781.  Having mamed 
Mrs.  Grice,  of  the  Island  of  Antigua,  and  leaving  no  issue,  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  brother, 

William  Lewtlnvaito,  of  Broad  Gate  and  of  Whitehaven,  in  the  com- 
mission of  the  jjcace  for  the  county  of  Cumberland,  married  JIary, 
daughter  and  coheir  of  Joseph  Nicholson,  of  Millholm,  in  Boolle,  gen- 
tleman, and  had  issue, 

1.  William,  succeeded  his  father  at  Broad  Gate. 

2.  John,  married  Margaret,  eldest  daughter  of  Roger  Taylor,  of 
Stott  Park,  in  CO.  Lancaster,  and  had  issue, 

1.  William. 

2.  Gilfrid. 

1.  Marianne. 

2.  Franccs-Jane. 

3.  George,  formerly  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  B.D.,  rector  of 
Adel,  in  the  county  of  York,  a  magistrate  for  the  West  Riding, 
married  Martha,  daughter  of  Thomas  Birlcy,  Esq.,  of  Low  Mill, 
CO.  Cumbeiland,  and  of  Kirkham,  co.  Lancaster,  and  have  issue, 

1.  William-Henry,  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  A.B. 

2.  George,  of  University  College,  Oxford. 
1.  Margaret. 

4.  Joseph,  a  merchant  in  the  West  Indies,  died  at  Dominica,  in 
1818,  unmarried. 

5.  Myles,  died  an  infant. 

6.  Thomas,  died  young,  unmarried. 

1.  Agnes,  manicd  the  Rev.  Richard  Armitstcad,  A.M.,  Rector  of 
Moresby,  and  minister  of  St   James',  Whitehaven,  and  had  issue, 

1.  Richard,  a  solicitor  in  Whitehaven. 

2.  William,  in  holy  orders,  incumbent  of  Lorton. 

3.  John,  a  solicitor  in  Sidney. 

4.  Joseph,  died  in  Jamaica,  s,  p. 
1.  Wary. 

2    Agnes. 
3.  Frances. 

2.  Mary,  married  Milham  Hartley,  of  Rose  Hill,  Esq.,  in  the 
commission  of  the  peace  for  the  county  of  Cumberland,  high 
sherilf  for  the  said  county  in  1818,  and  has  issue, 

1.  John,  of  Moresby  House. 

2.  Milliam,  died  young. 

3.  George. 

4.  Gilti id- William,  of  Rose  Hill. 

1.  Mary  Ann. 

2.  Isabella,  died  young. 

3.  Margaret,  died  young. 

3.  Ann,  married  Peter  Dixon,  Esq.,  of  Newington,  Surrey,  and 
died  in  ISOS,  s  p. 

4.  Margaret,  married  Peter  Taylor,  of  Bellfield,  iu  the  county  of 
Westmorland,  Esq. 

5.  Frances,  died  young. 

6.  Elizabeth,  of  Hazel  Mount. 

William  Lewthwaitc,  who  succeeded  his  father  in  1809,  is  in  the 
commission  of  the  peace  for  the  county  of  Cumberland.     He  married 


APPENDIX.  443 

Eleanor,  daugLter  of  Thomas  Cragg,   of  Lowescales,   Esq.,  and  has 
issue, 

1.  John,  of  Broad  Gate,  bom  in  1792,  married  Anne,  daughter   of 
William  Kirkbank,  Esq.,  of  Whicham,  and  has  issue, 

1.  WUIiam. 

2.  Joseph. 

3.  George. 
1-  Mary. 

2.  Elizabeth. 

3.  Eleanor. 

4.  Agnes. 

5.  Ann. 

1.  Mary,  manied  William  Postlethwaile,  merchant  and  banker  in 
Ulverston. 

2.  Agnes,  married  Robert  Postlethwaite,  of  Broughton,  Esq.,  and 
have  issue, 

1.  Robert,  died  young. 

2.  John. 

3.  AVilliam. 

1.  Margaret,  died  young. 

3.  Eleanor,  died  young  unmarried. 

4.  Elizabeth,  died  young  unmarried. 

ORDER  OF  SUCCESSION  OF  THE  BISHOPS  OF 
CHESTER.* 

1512  John  Bird.    Translated  from  Bangor  13  xVpril,  1542  ;  deprived  by 

Queen  Mary  in  1553 ;  ob.  1556. 
1554  George  Cotes,  Master  of  Haliol  College,   Oxford.      Consecrated  I 

April,  1354;  ob.  Dec.  1.555. 
1556  Cuthbert  Scot,  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's.     Appointed  24  April, 

1556 ;  deprived  by  Queen  Elizabetli  circa  1560. 
1561  William  Downman.      Prebendary  of  Westminster.      Elected  1 

May,  1561 ;  ob.  3  Dec.  1577. 
1579  William  Chaderton,  Prebendary  of  York  and  Westminster.     Con- 
firmed 7  Ncv.  1579;  translated  to  Lincoln  in  1595. 
1595  Hugh  Bellot.     Translated  from  Bangor  25  June,  1595;  ob.   1596, 
1597  Richard  Vaughau.      Translated   from   Bangor   23   April,    1597 ; 

translated  to  London  in  1604. 
1604  George  Lloyd.     Translated  from  Sodor  and  Man,  1604 ;  ob.  1 

Aug.  1615,  a;t.  55. 
1616  Thomas  Moreton,  Dean  of  Winchester.     Elected  22  May,  1616; 

translated  to  Lichfield  and  Coventry  1619. 

George  Massic  was  nominated,  but  died  before  consecration. 
1619  John  Bridgman,  Prebendary  of  Lichfield.     Elected  15  March, 

1G19 ;  ob.  1657. 

THE  SEE  VACANT  THBEE  YEARS. 

1660  Brian  Walton,  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's.     Consecrated  2  Dec. 

1660;  ob.  29Nov.  166 1. 
1662  Henry  Feme,  Dean  of  Ely.      Consecrated  Feb.   1662;    ob.   16 

March  following,  wt.  69. 

•  Nicolas's  Synopsis. 


444        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

1662  Georpe  H,iU,  Archdeacon  of  Canterbury.      Consecrated   11   Mav, 

UiG-2  ;  ob.  2Z  Aug.  1GG8. 
1668  John  Wilkins,  Prebendary  of  York.    Consecrated  15  Nov.   1668; 

ob.  19  Nov.  1672. 
1673  John  Pearson,  Prebendary  of  Salisbury  and  Ely.     Consecrated  9 

I'eb.  1673;  ob.  July,  1GS6. 
1686  Thomas    Cartwright,    Piebendarv  of  Durham.      Consecrated  17 

Oct   1G86 ;  ob.  15  April,  1689.' 
1689  Nicholas  Strafford,   Dean  of  St.  Asaph.      Consecrated  15  Sept. 

1689 ;  ob.  1708. 
1708  Sir  William  Dawes,  Bart.  Prebendary  of  Worcester.     Consecrated 

8  Feb.  1708  ;  translated  to  York  1714. 
1714  Francis  Gastreil,  Canon  of  Christ  Church,   Oxford.      Consecrated 

4  April,  1714;  ob.  1725. 
1725  Samuel  Peploe,  Warden  of  Manchester.     Elected  1725;  ob.  1752. 
1752  Edmund  Keene.     Elected  1752;  translated  to  Ely  1771. 
1771   William  Markham,   Dean  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford.      Elected 

1771 ;  translated  10  York  1777. 
1777  Beilby  Portcus.     Elected  1777;  translated  to  London  1787. 
1787  William  Cleaver,   Prebendary   of  Westminster.     Elected   1787  ; 

translated  to  Bangor  1800. 
1800  Henry   William    Majcndie,    Canon   Residentiary   of  St.    Paul's. 

Ele'cted  1800;  translated  to  Bangor  18U9. 
1809  Bowyer  Edward  Sparke.     Elected  1809;  translated  to  Ely  1812. 
1812  George   Henry   Law.      Elected   1812;    translated   to   Bath   and 

Wells  1824. 
1824  Charles  James  Blomfield.     Elected  1824 ;  translated  to  London 

1828. 
1828  John  Bird  Sumner,  Prebendary  of  Durham,  formerly  fellow  of 

King's  College,  Cambridge. 

PARISH  REGISTER  BOOKS 

Earlier  than  the  new  Registers  commencing  with  a.  t>.  1813  [according 
to  52  Geo.  HI.  c.  146J  remain  at  the  following  places  :  — 

Arlecilon  P.  C. -'Sosl. — IV.  contain  Baptisms,  Burials,  a.  d.  1730 
—1812;  JIariiages,  1730-    1791,1798     1812. 

St.  liees  P.  C— Nos  I.  Il.b.ip.  1538-1553,  1.5.58-1614,1620—1686; 
bur.  1538-161G,  1620-1683;  marr.  1,5.39- 16 1:5,  IGiO- 168,3, interrup- 
ted by  No  lU.  bur.  167S-1700-NosIV.— Vll.bap.bur.  1697—1812; 
marr.  IG97— 175.3— Nos  VIII. -XI.  marr.  1754—1812. 

£oo//«K.— Nos  I.— III.  Registers,  1G55— 1812— No  IV.  marr.  17G6 
—1812. 

St.  Bridget's  P.  C. — No.  I.  (loose  paper,  scarcely  legible)  bap.  bur. 
marr.  1G75— 1733— No.  II.  bap.  bur.  1734—1801  ;  marr.  1734— 175.3— 
No.  III.  bap.  bur.  1802-1812     No.  IV.  marr.  1751—1812. 

Ctealor  P.  C. — No.  I.  bap.  bur.  marr.  1572 — 1727  (imperfect) — No. 
II.  (paichment)  bap.  bur.  1728—1808;  marr.  1728— 17.53- No.  III. 
bap.  bur.  1809— 1812— Nos.  IV.  V.  marr.  1754— 1812  Cfirst  eight  leaves 
delicient. 

Corny  R.— No.  I.  General  Register,  1754—1782—  Nos.  II.  III. 
(parchnuiu)  17*3 — 1812. 

iJwdHf/ton  H.— Nos.  I.— III.  bap.  bur.  1653—1812;  marr.  1653— 
1763— Nos.  IV-  V.  marr.  1754—1812. 


APPENDIX. 


445 


Drigg  V.  C.-Nos.  I.-III.  bap.  bur.  1631—1812;  mart.  1631—1753 

^°Ell„Z7ii'J^iMiv.  bur.  marr.  1630-1706  (imperfect)-Xos. 
11   fv  bap.  bur  1707-1812;  marr.  1707-1753-Nos.  V.  \  I.  marr. 

1754— 1&I2.  ,„   „     .  ,        „,,     ,3..-, 

Ennerdale  C.-Nos.  l.-IH.  Registers,  1043-1312. 

Eskdale  C.-No.  I.  Registers,  1626-17/0_.  delcctive  16ol-16o4. 
1708-1712.  1726-1728-No.  II.  Register   l"}'-!^!^'     ,.,,   .g,, 

Gosforth  R.-Xo.  I.  bap.  bur.  marr.  lo/  l-lo84,  lo92-16I3,  1631— 
164^?1662-1G74,  1680-17U1.  17U3-1728  1730-1740-Nos.  11  III. 
bap  bur   1741-1812;  niarr.  1741-1753-No.  IV.marr  1/.J4-1812. 

W„Tp  C -No  I  Rerislcr  (parchment)  1545-1710  (very  imper- 
fe5-X^os  il.  Ili.  (pa'chmeaf)  1711-1812-No.  IV.  (parchment) 

""^arrST^R.-No.  I.  bap.  bur.  marr.   10.^3-1719,   (imrerfect)- 
Nof  11  Til.  bap.  bur.  1720-1812  ;  marr.  1720-1753-No.  1\  .  marr. 

^Heiimnoham  C— bap.  1811—1812;  bur.  1612. 

ftZTv.  C.-No^.  (loose  sheds  fcar^ely  legible)  bap  bur^arr. 
I6SO-1734-NO.  II.  bap.  bur.  1735-1812;  marr.  1735-17o3-No. 

"^;,™rP.a-iNos.''f.-ni.   (parchment)   l^ap.    1697-1755    1757- 
1812;   bur.  1697-1754,  1757-1812;    marr.    1697-l/oO-No.    n. 

■"T„S7r.-Nos.  I.  II.  bap.  bur.  «arr  1581-1660. 1686-172^ 
Nos.  III.  IV.  bap.  bur.  1725-1812 ;  marr.  1725-1/53-No.  V.  marr. 

^^i^i^  V'-No.  I.  General  register,  1598-1657  (imperfect)-Nos. 
II.  IIL1658-1788-NO.  IV.  1789-1812-No.  V.  banusmarr.  1/54- 
1812 
Z:^^^^'Z^:^-^^-  1721-1812;  marr.  1724- 

''"^e^W^^ul^^^^  Genera,  registers  1711-^812. 

PonsonbuVA\—^o.l-  (parchment)  bap.  bur.  l/23-l( /6     rnaCT. 
17fri753-No.II.bap.b!;^777-1812-No.in.marrUo4-^^^^^^ 

KL^-^e  U.-'no.  I.  bap.  1095-1770;  bur.  l^'S-nC^l;  marr 
1695— 1752-No.  II.  bap.  1777— 1812;  bur.  1//8-1812;    mair.  17j4 

~H5«/.7Ye<,</C.-one  book,  bap.  1721-1812;   marr    172^812- 

Whicham  U.-No   I.  bap.  bur.  marr   Ujb9-160G,  10j;^7^7:':'--^°^- 

II.  III.  bap.  bur.  1746-1812;    marr.  174G-1753-Nos.  H  .  \  .  marr. 

^'^Wl'ube^'v.  C.-No.  I.  General  Register  (parchment)  1597-1778- 
No.  II.  bap.  bur.  1779-1812-No.  III.  marr.  170*1-1812 

WMUhLn,  St.  James  C.-Ko.  I.  e^ntams  bap.  bur.  17o3-1812, 
marr.  for  1753-N03.  II.-V.  marr.  l/a4-  812^  171^1718 

Whilehaven,  St.  McAoto  C.-Nos.  l.--\  "'c^r^n?.  ItIT-IiViO 
—1720  1724—1744,  17.53-1812;  Bur.  1G94— 171o,  1/17— I'lJ, 
l-2l^i^r2;    ma^T. '1694-1715,  17ia-1723,   1725-1753-No.  IX. 

"^^l^iel^Hnolv  Trinity  C-^o.  I.  bap.  1715-1783;  bux.  1716- 

3    L 


446        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE    DERWENT. 

1783;  ma-.T.  1715— 1753— No3.II.  Ill.bap.bur.  17S4_1812_Nos.IV. 
V.  mair.  1754—1812. 

WorH-injto:i  R.—  Sos   I IV.  bap,  bur.   1663—1812;  marr.  1663— 

1753— ;c3.  v.— VII.  marr.  1754—1812. 

GEOLOGY  OF  THE  WARD  OF  ALLERDALE 
ABOVE  DERWENT.* 

The  pr!i:cipal  geological  features  of  the  ward  of  AUerdale  above  Der- 
went,  are  very  easily  described.  It  joins  the  south-western  slope  of  the 
great  group  of  mountains  familiarly  known  as  the  "  lake  district,"  and 
presents  in  regular  series,  the  different  formations  which  commence  in 
the  order  of  nature  with  the  plutonic  rocks,  and  close  with  the  new  red 
sandstone. 

At  the  back  of  the  Ward  we  find  mountains  of  red  granite.  Gable  is 
the  centre,  at  the  head  of  the  valleys  of  Wasdale,  Ennerdale,  and  Borrow- 
dale,  and  the  minor  ones  of  Miterdale  and  Calder.  In  the  depths  of 
these  valleys  lie  the  lakes,  cavities  scooped  out  when  the  elevation  of  the 
mountains  took  place,  and  afterwards  filled  with  water.  Reposing  on 
the  granite  are  mountains  of  great  elevation,  of  trap  or  primitive  rocks. 
At  the  bases  of  these,  climbing  their  sides,  or  occupying  the  valleys,  we 
find  the  transition  rocks,  principally  grauwacke  and  clay-slate.  In  the 
latter  are  found  the  minerals,  namely  calcareous  and  siliceous  spars,  and 
the  ores  of  zinc,  silver,  lead,  antimony,  manganese,  and  other  metals. 

Coming  now  to  the  secondary  formations,  we  have  first  the  blue  or 
mountain  limestone,  full  of  marine  remains,  and  rich  in  the  hapatic  iron 
ore.  A  broad  belt  of  it  extends  from  the  Dcrwent  to  the  Ehcn,  namely 
from  Cockermouth  to  Egremout.  At  the  latter  town  it  is  lost,  and  is 
not  seen  again  until  we  reach  the  other  extremity  of  the  Ward,  the  bor- 
ders of  the  Duddon,  near  Broughton  in  Fuvness. 

The  next  formation  is  the  coal  measures,  which  in  various  degrees  of 
productiveness  occupies  the  whole  country  from  the  limestone  to  the  sea 
under  which  it  dips,  from  the  Dcrwent  to  Whitehaven.  This  formation 
contains  the  gray  iron  ore,  plastic  clay,  and  ferruginous  shale. 

To  the  southwest  of  Whitehaven,  at  St.  Bees  head,  we  find  the  new 
red  sandstone  with  gypsum  and  magnesian  limestone,  overlying  the  coal 
measures,  which  are  thrown  do^vn  ninety  fathoms  and  cut  ofl'  by  dykes 
injected  with  trap  or  basalt  from  beneath. 

The  explored  coal  measures  cease  two  or  three  miles  to  the  south  of 
Whitehaven,  but  on  the  \xay  to  the  Duddon,  with  the  exception  of 
Ravenglass,  where  the  granite  comes  down  to  the  edge  of  the  sea,  -ne  find 
red  sandstones  of  unknown  geologicalposititn.somereferringthem  to  the 
coal  measures,  and  others  supposing  them  to  be  of  older  formation. 
Covered  here  and  there  by  diluvium,  they  occupy  the  whole  country 
between  the  mountains  and  the  sea. 

•  Communicated  by  Mr.  Robert  Abraham,  of  Liverpool. 


ADDITION'S    AND    CORRECTIONS.  447 

^ti!iitton$  ana  (Torrrrtiono. 

Page  4.     The  pri'sent  patron  of  the  pci-pctual  curacy  of  St.  Bridget, 
Beckennet,  is  Thomas  Irwin,  Esq.,  of  Caldcr  Abbey. 

Page  30.     One  of  the  bells  in  the   church   of  Egremont  bears   this 


inscription  : 
And  below 


rtrpganus  j)of)ustan  rt  Jiiofinston  ^prrslon. 


Ef parorfjtani  ine  fieri 

Page  51.  There  is  abundant  proof  of  the  now  totally  denuded  moun- 
tain Dent  having  been  formerly  a  dense  forest,  nearly  or  quite  to  the 
summit.  The  foundations  of  numerous  charcoal  pits  have  been  recently 
turned  up  by  the  plough,  wherever  that  implement  lias  been  put  to  work, 
in  various  parts  of  the  mountain.  The  pits  are  about  150  or  200  yards 
apart  from  each  other,  evincing  that  the  forest  has  been  close  and  regular. 

A  burial  ground  has  formerly  been  established  in  a  field,  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river  Keckle,  called  Sepulchre  Meadow.  A  few  legible 
tombstones  yet  remain,  and  the  mounds  of  some  graves  are  discernible  ; 
but  the  fence  is  removed,  and  the  once-sacred  place  laid  open  to  the 
adjijiiiing  meadow. 

A  small  inclosure  near  Crossfield  is  said  to  have  been  a  Quakers' 
burial  place,  but  it  has  so  long  gone  to  disuse  that  the  forms  of  graves 
are  no  longer  vi.^iblc,  and  no  monumental  stones  are  to  be  seen.  Per- 
haps it  may  liave  belonged  to  some  other  denomination,  as  the  Society 
of  Friends  are  in  general  more  careful  of  their  connexions. 

Page  59.  To  the  account  of  the  Roman  Station  at  Moresby  add  the 
following  particulars,  communicated  by  the  Rev.  George  Wilkinson, 
B.D.,  incumbent  of  Arlccdon:  — 

Here  was  one  of  the  set'ondary  or  supporting  stations  which  the 
Romans  deemed  it  necessary  to  maintain  as  subsidiary  to  the  great 
Northern  Wall.  The  site,  as  Ur.  Bennet  correctly  states,  is  in  a  lield 
on  the  side  of  the  village  towards  Parton,  called  "  the  Crofts,"  and  the 
church  stands,  as  is  often  the  case,  within  its  area.  "  It  is  a  square  of 
400  feet,  on  an  elevation,  overlooking  serer.al  creeks,  and  shews  that  one 
reason  of  its  being  placed  here  was  to  protect  the  shore  against  the 
Northern  and  Western  Pirates.  Tl.e  west  agger  is  perfectly  plain,  and 
the  stones  of  the  south  wall  still  appear  through  the  grass  around  them." 
The  northern  boundary  is  no  longer  apparent  above  ground  ;  nor  could 
any  traces  of  it  be  discovered  by  a  local  antiquary  who  broke  the  ground 
for  that  purpose  some  years  ago.  By  far  the  strongest  pai't  of  the  station, 
judging  by  the  remains,  appears  to  have  occupied  the  eastern  line, 
possibly'  becau.-ie  that  side  was  least  favoured  by  nature.  While  the 
ramparts  to  the  west  and  south,  on  being  cut  through,  present  nothing 
more  thau  a  slight  admixture  of  stone  with  the  turf,  without  any  appear- 
ance of  mortar,  those  on  the  east,  on  examination,  disclose  the  foundations 
of  a  wall  of  great  strength,  grouted  with  hot  lime  and  sand,  and  resisting 
the  utmost  efforts  of  the  sexton's  pick  and  mattock. — In  the  same 
direction  have  been  considerable  buildings,  which  also  occupied  the  site 
of  the  present  church-yard.  In  \fi2'2,  wlien  the  foundations  of  the  new 
church  were  <lug,  a  great  quantity  of  .'■tones,  flags,  &c.,  was  discovered, 
evidently  the  remains  of  a  buiUliiiir,  though  not  one  stone  had  been  left 
on  anothei,  tli.it  had  not  been  thro\vu  down.  Underneath  these,  imd 
deeply  imbedded  in  one  of  the  trenches,  a  large  stone*  or  flag  was  dis- 

*  This  stone  was  presented  to  the  Earl   of  Lonsdale,  by  the  Rev 

3  L  2 


448        ALLERDALE    WARD,    ABOVE    DERWENT. 

covered,  with  its  face  down-nards,  containing  an  inscription  in  large  and 
beautiful  characters  [see  papc  3G8]  in  honour  of  the  Emperor  Hadrian  ; 
and  consequently  testifying  the  existence  of  the  station  early  in  the  2nd 
century,  with  a  garrison,  not,  as  hastily  assumed  by  the  Bishop  of  Cloyne, 
of  Africans,  but  of  Roman  veterans.  Connecting  this  inscription  ^^^th 
coins  of  Constantino  and  Constanliiis,  previously  found  ^vithin  its  area, 
we  may  fairly  infer  that  the  station  at  Moresby,  by  whatever  name  it 
was  called,  was  held  by  the  Romans  for  at  least  300  years.  That  the 
area  of  the  station  is  rich  in  Roman  antiquities,  and  would  amply  reward 
a  search,  the  present  writer,  who  has  once  or  twice  slightly  explored  it, 
entertains  no  doubt ;  though  the  richness  and  depth  of  the  soil  almost 
forbid  all  hope  of  a  future  attempt.  The  vicus,  or  town  for  the  camp 
followers,  lay,  as  usual,  to  the  south  of  the  station ;  the  foundations  of 
its  walls  were  very  conspicuous  a  few  years  ago,  when  the  neighbouring 
field  was  drained. 

The  garrison,  as  appears  from  centurial  stones,  and  other  vouchers, 
consisted,  first,  of  a  part  of  the  XX.  Legion,  afterwards  of  auxiliaries, 
as  Thracians,  Lingones,  &c.     See  the  inscription. 

Page  68.     The  order  of  succession  of  the  Rectors  of  Moresby,  from 
and  after  Mr.  Nicholson,  down  to  the  present  time,   is  as  follows;  but 
we  have  not  the  dates  of  the  respective  presentations  : — 
Mr.  Lowther. 
Mr.  Arniitstcad. 
Mr.  Iludleston. 
Mr.  Wordsworth. 
Mr.  Leech. 
Mr.  Thompson. 
Mr.  Woodhouse. 
Page  72.    There  is  an  ancient  cross  at  Crosslacon  in   Frisington, 
whose  height  may  be  about  3^  feet.     The  part  cut  out  at  the  top  is  said 
to  have  been  for  holdiBg  the  book  while  the  monk  read  to  the  bearers  of 
the  corpse,  in  resting  on  their  way  to  the  priory  of  St.  Bees,  for  inter- 
ment.    No  inscription  is  visible,  and  the  whole  is  of  rude  workmanship. 

Page  73.  The  parks  estate  in  Frisington  was  sold  by  the  late  Sir 
F.  F.  Vane,  of  Armathwaite,  to  the  late  Joseph  Steele,  Esq.,  of  Acre- 
walls,  and  by  him  left  to  his  housekeeper.  Miss  Harrison. 

Page  77.  The  longevity  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  parish  of  Distington 
is  remarkable.  In  1831,  there  were  two  persons  aged  92  years  buried 
here.  In  1832,  one  aged  88.  In  1833,  one  aged  86.  In  183-1,  one  87. 
In  1836,  one  98.  In  1637,  one  95.  In  1839,  one  86,  and  one  88.  In 
1810,  one  86,  and  one  100. 

Page  78.  Hayes  Castle  is  the  property  of  the  widow  of  the  late 
Thomas  Hartley,  Esq.,  of  Gillfoot. 

Page  79.  During  the  time  that  the  rectory  of  Distington  w;is  held 
by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Spcdding,  the  tithes  were  commuted  for  common 
land;  and  independent  of  90  acres  of  ancient  glebe,  there  are  near  600 
acres  of  the  above  land  which  are  under  a  lease  for  three  lives. 

Page  99.  The  Earl  of  Lonsdale  is  the  present  lord  of  the  manors  of 
Whicham  and  Silcroft,  having  purchased  the  latter  from  Mr.  J.  Mmicas- 
ter. 

Page  104.     Since  the  account  of  the  parish  of  Drigg  was  printed,  the 

George  Wilkinson,  and  is  now  preser\-ed  in  the  castle  at  Whitehaven, 
though  not  nearly  in  so  perfect  a  state  as  when  found.    See  page  368. 


ADDITIONS   AND    CORRECTIONS.  449 


following  communication  lias  been  received  from  Mr. Isaac  Clements, 
B.A. 

On  trarersinff  the  soa-coast  of  this  parish  northwardly,  an  object  pre- 
sents itself,  which,  on  acconnt  of  its  colossal  proportions,  cannot  fail  to 
arrest  the  attentive  observation  of  even  the  most  illiterate  and  inobser- 
vant ;  which  would  form  an  intcicstinp  study  to  the  painter,  and  would 
be  regarded  as  an  ecstatic  object  of  contemplation  by  the  enthusiastic 
geologist.  This  is  one  of  those  detached  masses  of  rock,  known  among 
naturalists  by  the  name  of  Boulder  Stones,  which,  by  some  unknown 
agency,  and  at  some  unasccrtainablc  period,  have  been  removed  from 
their  native  beds,  and  deposited  in  situations  where  tlicy  may  be  regard- 
ed as  "  strangers  in  a  strange  land."  The  one  in  question,  w'hich  is  call- 
ed by  the  inhabit;uits  Carl-Crag,  measures  I'i  feet  in  length, 
9  in  breadth,  and  5j  in  height.  These  dimensions,  it  nuist  be  observed, 
apply  only  to  that  part  which  is  visible ;  for,  as  it  is  deeply  imbedded  in 
the  sand,  it  is  not  improbable  but  as  much  of  its  altitude  may  be  con- 
cealed/row as  revealed  to  the  view.  It  is  a  very  tine-grained  sienite 
divided  into  transverse  parallel  sections  of  about  two  feet  each  by  a  vein 
of  shale  of  half  an  inch  in  breadth  between  two  narrower  stripes  of  quartz, 
which,  to  the  eye  at  least,  are  as  true  in  their  parallelism,  and  as  uniform 
in  their  distances,  as  if  traced  by  the  hand  of  man  with  the  nicest  care, 
and  with  the  most  correct  mathematical  instruments.  Such  are  the 
dimensions  and  general  features  of  this  immense  concretion  of  matter, 
but  how  it  came  to  occupy  its  present  site — there  being  no  strata  of  rocks 
made  up  of  the  same  component  materials  within  many  miles  of  the 
place — ^is  a  point  upon  which  (  cannot  form  even  a  plausible  conjec- 
ture, and  forms  a  problem  whose  solution  will,  in  all  probability,  baffle 
the  miited  ellbrts  of  the  naturalist  and  pliilosopher  to  the  latest  period  of 
time.  As  the  vulgar  are  ever  prone,  when  reason  fails  them,  to  have 
recourse  to  superhuman  agency,  so  there  are  numerous  legendary  tradi- 
tions prevalent  in  the  neighbourhood  relative  to  this  "  gri'at  unknown;" 
ofwhich  the  following  seems  to  be  the  most  popular — 11  is  Satanic  majesty, 
on  a  certain  occasion  took  it  into  his  head  to  unite  the  Isle  of  Man  to  the 
English  main  by  means  of  a  bridge,  and  selected  this  particular  spot  for 
the  projected  erection,  as  being  the  nearest  point  of  junction  between  the 
two  extremities,  but,  unfortunately,  in  conveying  tliis  huge  mass,  doubt- 
lessly intended  as  his  fcmndation  stone,  to  its  destination,  his  apron 
strings  broke,  and  not  possessu.g  suflicient  skill  to  remedy  this,  apparently, 
trifling  misfortune,  he  was  compelled  to  abandon  his  engineering  enter- 
prize,  which  he  has  never  since  thought  proper  to  rcsiune  ;  and  as  a  proof 
of  the  truth  of  this  "  very  probable  theory,"  they  say  the  mark  of  his 
apron  remains  upon  the  stone  to  this  day,  which,  we  need  scarcely  inform 
the  intelligent  reader  is  one  of  the  transverse  parallel  sections,  above- 
mentioned. 

Page  1  Id,  line  32.     For  matcriels,  read  materials. 

Page  181.  Hardknott  castle  is  on  an  estate  belonging  to  Edward 
Stanley,  Esq.,  M.I'.,  of  Ponsonby  Hall,  called  Brotherelkeld — a  sheep- 
farm  containing  about  14,000  acres,  which  was  presented  to  the  Stanleys 
on  the  dissolution  of  Fumess  abbey. 

Page  lO.'i.  The  whole  of  the  parish  of  Irton,  with  the  exception  of 
about  three  farms,  is  now  enfranchised,  and  consequently  does  not  pay 
customary  rents,  fines,  &c.  There  are  some  few  original  freeliolds,  the 
proprietors  of  which  are  lords  of  their  own  manors. 

Page  202.  The  parish  of  Irtou  still  continues  to  pay  tithes.  The 
united  livings  of  Irton  and  Urigg  have  been  held  from  time  immemorial 
by  the  same  clergymen. 


450        ALLERDALE   WARD,   ABOVE   DERWENT. 

Page  208.  The  present  master  of  Irton  school  is  the  Rev.  Isaac 
Smith. 

Page  293.  In  the  cliurch  of  Ponsonby  a  mural  marble  tablet  of  singu- 
lar beauty  has  been  recently  erected,  by  Browne  of  London,  in  memory 
of  two  children  of  Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  M.P.  It  bears  the  following 
inscription,  remarkable  for  its  conciseness  and  expressiTC  beauty ; — 

Aspice 
Immensi  Doloris  Monumentum  angustum 
Heu  !  supremura  Munus 
Edvardus  et  Maria  Parentes  deflent 
EDVARDUM 
HENRICUM 
Ex  Luce  migravit 
Hie  A.  D.  MDCCCXL.  ^T.  VI. 
lUe  A.  D.  MDCCCXXV.  ^T.  III. 
Page  321.     Calder  abbey  is  on  the  east  side  of  the  road. 
Page  .340,  line  1 4.     For  St.  Bees,  read  Stainbum. 
Page  360,  line  20.     Dels  in. 

Page  362,  line  1.     For  Sir  John,  read  Sir  Christopher. 
Page  367,  line  25.     For  F  A.S.,  read  F.S.A. 

Page  376,  line  40.     For  Viscount  Lowther,  read  Viscount  Lonsdale. 
Page  378.     Lord  Lowther  has  been  recently  appointed  Post-Master- 
General,  and  has  been  called  to  the  upper  house,  by  the  title  of  Baron 
Lowther,  of  Whitehaven. 

Page  412.     List  of  the  Incumbents  of  Nether-Wasdale  : — 
1769  Thomas  Poole. 
1779  John  Scott. 
1782  Richard  Poole 
1788  Allison  Steble. 
1793  Gabriel  Hill. 
1822  William  Coward. 
1827  John  Douglas. 
Page  414.     The  statement  respecting  the  disputed  presentation  to  the 
chapelry   of  Wasdale-Head,    is  not  strictly  correct. — When,  in  1819, 
there  was  a  dispute  between  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale  and  the  inhabitants, 
respecting  the  presentation,  it  did  not  terminate  in  favour  of  the  latter ; 
but  the  noble  Earl  proposed  to  relinquish  his  claim,  provided  the  in- 
habitants would  allow  the  Rev.  VV.  Ainger,  D.D.,  Principal  of  St.  Bees 
College,  to  present,  whom  his  lordship  considered  most  suitable,  as  being 
the  Incumbent  of  the  mother-church  of  St.  Bees;  to  this  proposal  they 
consented,  and  Dr.  Ainger  then  appointed  the  present  incumbent,  the 
Rev.  John  Douglas. 

Page  423.  The  burial-place  of  the  Stanley  family,  while  they  resided 
at  Dalcgarth  Hall,  was  for  many  ages  in  Eskdale  chapel ;  but  was  dis- 
continued in  1687,  when  they  removed  to  Ponsonby. 


INDEX  OF  MONUMENTS  AND  EPITAPHS. 


Addison,  William,  266,  Marianna 

and  Dorothy,  267. 
Ainger,  Williani,  DD.  352. 
Armitstead,  Richard,  393. 
Askew,  Sir  Hugh,  135,   Dorothy, 

172. 

Bannister,  Robert,  12,  Mary,  ib. 
Bateraan,  John,  391. 
Beck,  Catherina  and  Jolin,  266. 
Benn,  John,  Eliz.  and  Ann,  385. 
Benson,  John  and  Bridget,  135. 
Birkhead,  387. 
Birley,  Jane,  20  and  31. 
Blakeney,  Robert,  81. 
Bolton,  John  and  Mary,  172. 
Brathwaite,  Frances,  206. 
Briscoe,  Richard,  89. 
Brown,  Anne  and  William,  391. 

Church,  Charles,  426. 
Church,  Charles  Cobbe,  389, 
Crosthwaite  family,  13. 
Curwen,  John,  12;  John  Christian, 

ib 263;  Eldred,  265;  Thomas, 

293. 

Dalton,  John,  388. 
Dixon,    John,     Isabella,     Henry, 
George,  Joseph,  and  Frances,393. 

Fleming,  Sir  John  (?)  3'24. 

Fletcher,  John,  293. 

Forster,  Isaac  and  Agnes,  395. 

Gale,  William  and  Margaret,  382. 
Glendinning,  Joseph,  268. 
Grilfin,  George,  383. 
Grindal,  Archbishop,  432. 
Grundy,  Samuel,  394. 

Harrison,  Thomas  and  Betty,  395. 

Hartley,  Thomas,  31 ;  Mary,  69  ; 
Milham,  t&.  John,  Elizabeth 
Elizabeth,  Thomas,  382. 


Hodgson,  John  and  Elizabeth,  267. 

How,  Peter  and  Margaret,  264. 

Hudleston 168;    Joseph  and 

Bridget,  169;  Barr,  170;  Eliza- 
beth, 383  ;  Curwen,  383 ;  John 
and  Wilfrid,  3'^4. 

Hutton,  Richard,  136. 


Irton,  Samuel,  George,  and  Eliza- 
beth, 205;  Samuel,  206. 

Jackson,  Dorothy,  388 ;  James  and 
Sarah,  389. 

Key  James,  12 ;  Ann,  ib. 

Lamplugh,  Thomas  and  Frances, 
89  ;  Archbishop,  437. 

Latus,  John  and  Agnes,  171. 

Littledalc,  Henry,  Catherine,  and 
Ann,  384;  Mary,  385;  Johnand 
Sarah,  389. 

Lowther,  Sir  Robert,  371 ;  Sir 
James,  386. 

Lucy,  Anthony  Lord,  349. 

Lucy,  Lord  and  Lady,  351 ;  Lord, 
349. 

Lutwidge,  Skcflington  and  Cather- 
ine, 204  ;  Hannah,  Palmer, 
Lucy,  and  Cordelia,  .3*5. 

M'Gaa  family,  13. 
Moore,  Mary  Ann,  389. 
Mossop,  Thomas  and  Anne,  203. 
Mmicaster,  John  Lord,  227. 
Myers,  John  and  Rachel,  171. 

Nicholson,  Henry,  John,  and  Wil- 
son, 69. 

Otley,  Darcy,  11. 

Parker,  Catherine,  302. 
PatricksoD,  Frances,  291. 


452 


INDEX    OF    PERSONS. 


Pearson,  John,  Frances,  William, 
Hannah,  John,  Elizabeth,  Joseph, 
121. 

Pennyfeather,  John,  391. 

Poole,  James,  .?1 ;  Thomas,  Mary, 
and  John,  227. 

Pennington,  Will.,  222;  Sir  Wil- 
liam, Frances,  William,  Sir  John, 
Joseph,  223 ,  Joseph,  William, 
Sir  John,  224  ;  Sir  John,  Philip, 
Sir  Joseph,  Sir  William,  and 
Isabel,  225;  Sir  John,  Gamel, 
and  Penelope,  22G ;  Penelope, 
227. 

Flasket,  William,  266. 

Pousonby,  Milham,  265. 

Hichardson,  John,  19 ;  Peter, 
Margaret,  and  Phebe,  69 ; 
James,  381 ;  Jane,  382 ;  Wil- 
liam, 395;  Sarah  and  Henry, 
.396. 

Sanderson,  William,  13. 

Sarjeant,  John  and  Sarah,  395. 

Savill,  Isabel,  224. 

Scott,  Agnes,  32. 

Selkirk,  John,  268. 


Sherwcn,  John  and  Bilhah,  265. 

Shammon,  William,  3S3;  Joyce, 
384. 

Smith,  John,  Betty,  William,  and 
Jane,  170. 

Stanley,  Edward,  264,  George-Ed- 
ward and  Dorothy,  292 ;  Henry 
and  Edward,  450. 

Stamper,  William,  393. 

Stapleton,  Elizabeth,  226. 

Steele,  Joseph,  75 ;  Daniel,  136. 

Spedding,  John,  Jlargaret,  James, 
and  Elizabeth,  390;  Carlisle, 
Sarah,  and  Mary,  391 ;  Thomas 
and  Isabella,  392  ;  Carlisle, 
Thomas,  Langton,  Frances,  Sa- 
rah, Mary,  Jane,  and  Ann,  394. 

Thompson,  William,  267. 
Todd,  Elizabeth  and  Isabel,  19. 

Walker,  Jane,  81. 
Wells,  William,  172. 
Wennington,  John,  136. 
Wilughby,  Robert,  324. 
Winder,  John,  203. 
Wood,  Joseph,  393. 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS. 


Addison,  262,  441. 

Aglionby,  418  bis. 

Ainger,  350,  352,  353  «er,  362. 

Ainsworth,  52. 

Alauby,  339. 

Albermarle,  Earl  of,  36,  337. 

Albermarle,  Countess  of,  150,  314. 

Ambrose,  173  bis. 

Anderson,  353. 

Appleby,  3»9. 

Archer,  231. 

Armitstead,  68,  392,  442,  447. 

Armorer,  197. 

Armstrong,  ,358. 

Askew,  99,  138,  142  bis,  144,  168, 

166,  218,  381,  440. 
Atkinson,  72,  191,  192. 
Aubrey,  376. 
Austhwaitc,  179,  282. 

Bailey,  441. 

Balcarres,  Earl  of,  218,  232. 

Barker,  27. 


Barlow,  357. 

Barnard,  375. 

Barnes,  359. 

Barrington,  158. 

Barry,  233. 

Basinthwaite,  196. 

Baumville,  282. 

Baxter,  74,  90. 

Becket,  379. 

Beckermeth,  316. 

Bees,  St.,  326,  .332, 334. 

Bega,  St.,  326,  332,  335,  336. 

Bellingham,  375. 

Ben,  437. 

Bonn,  49,  73,  97,  111,  166,    300, 

385,  425,  426. 
Benson,  419,440. 
Bentinck,  379. 
Benson,  Bernard,  178. 
Berdsey,  275. 
Besborough,  436. 
Belhom,  98  bis,  99,  317. 
Bielby,  375. 


INDEX    OF    PERSONS. 


453 


Birkhead,  387,  409. 

Birley,  20.  49,  417,  442. 

Blain,  174. 

Blaylock,  299. 

Blencowe,  173,  174. 

Blennerhasset,  86,  438, 

Bocker,  28. 

Bolton,  Duke  of,  375. 

BonviUe,  8  bis,  89,  416. 

Boullbec,  47. 

Bower,  439 

BoyvUI.  92, 137, 149, 150, 152, 175, 

316  <er. 
Boy\'ill,  pedigree,  152. 

Braddyll,  53. 
Bradley,  359. 

Bragg,  301. 

Branthwaite,  425. 

Brathwaite,  198. 

Bridges,  158. 

Briggs,  284. 

Briscoe,  80,  91,  359,  38G,  430. 

Brocklcbank,  120,  194. 

Brockelsbye,  9,  261. 

Bromflet,  371. 

Brookhauk,  237. 

Brooksbauk,  439  bis. 

Brougham,  66, 78,  87,  438,  438  bis. 

Broughton,  197. 

Brunt,  53. 

Brus,  338. 

Buddicom,  353. 

Burrell,  -18. 

Burrougli,  111  bis. 

Burrow,  109,  181. 

Caddy,  120,  207,  208,  290. 

Caldecot,  76. 

Camden,  244. 

Canceiield,  7. 

Carluton,  372. 

Camar\'on,  Earl  of,  47. 

Cams,  255. 

Chaloner,  284,  314,  356,  .357   bui, 

439. 
Cholmondely,  174. 
Christian,  256  bis,  257,  262,285. 
Church,  301,  366,  426. 
Cleator,  289  bis. 
Clements,  114,449. 
Clcmcntson,  4.36. 
Cliflord,  37,  42,  44,  158,  371,  372 
Clyburne,  .373. 
Colline,  439. 


Compton,  232. 

Copeland,  125,  197,  201  bis,  215, 
359. 

Copley,  297  bis,  436,  4-39. 

Corbet,  99,  117,  118,153,317,318. 

Coraey,  95,  175. 

Cowper,  .375. 

Cragg,  443. 

Crofton,  77. 

Crompton,  103. 

Cromwell,  285. 

Crosby,  254,  436. 

Crosslaiid,  307. 

Culwen,  108,  138,  343. 

Curwen,  pedigree  of,  251. 

Curwen,  6  bis,  7,  9,  11  bis,  13  bis, 
14,  80,  86,  108  bis,  239, 240, 242, 
243,  244,  248, 249, 250, 261,  262, 
263,  269,  270, 272, 273, 274, 285, 
306,  339,  371  bis,  410,  419,  420, 
438. 

Cutler,  373. 

Dacre,   157,   195,  253,  286,  288, 

334,  339,  433. 
Dalston,  9  bis,  255,  261,  371. 
Dalton,  386  bis. 
DalzcU,  270,  277. 
Danson,  190,  191. 
Darlington,  Earl  of,  375. 
Davenant,  437. 
Davies,  355. 
Dawkins,  441. 
Derby,  Earls  of,  281. 
De  I'ortibus,  .37. 
De  Hale,  435  bis. 
De  Millom,  152. 
Derwentwatcr,  371. 
Dickenson,  78,  88. 
Dickinson,  73,  90,  417. 
Dickson,  440. 
Dixon,  18,  166,  408,  442. 
Dodsworth,  374. 
Douglas,  286,  338,  412. 
Ducket,  283. 
Dudley,  195. 
Dunbar,  263. 
Dyer,  9,  261. 
Dykes,  77,  78  ier,  197,  231,  439. 

Earl,  299." 
Eastholme,  297. 
Eglesacld,  86,  275,  435. 


3    M 


454 


INDEX   OF    PERSONS. 


Egremont,  Earl  of,  31,  47,  49,  305, 

412. 
Eldred, '251. 
Eskdale,  280,  283. 
Esseby,  315. 
Essex,  Earl  of,  29. 
Estotevill,  107. 
Evans,  286. 
Eyre,  439. 

Fairfax,  249,  254,  284,  437. 

Falconer,  160. 

Fallowfield,  373. 

Fane,  378. 

Farrington,  231. 

Fearon,  99. 

Fcnwkk,  86,  157,  197,  441. 

Fetherstonhaugh,  285,  372,  418. 

Fisher,  436. 

Fitz-Duncan,  36. 

Fitz-Hugh,  157,  253. 

Fitz-Ponson,  56,  288,  435. 

Fleetwood,  231. 

Fleming,  2,  7,  16  bis,  71,   72,   74, 

131,  157,  197,  229,  283,  286  bis, 

288,  290,  307  bis,  314,  371,  374, 

410,  438. 
Fletcher,  66,  73,  78,  174,  321,  37 1, 

418  bis,  419. 
FoUiot,  435. 
Foster,  4.38. 

Fox,  200,  357,  358,  359. 
Fryer,  90. 

Gaitskell,  18,  290,  307. 
Gale,  53, 256. 
Garth,  297. 

Gibson,  27,  118,  120,  360. 
Gilbanks,  88. 
Gillesby,  125. 
Gilpin,  163,  178. 
Glaister,  409. 

Godardus  Dapifer,  149,  153. 
■  Goldie,  257. 
Goodycr,  372. 
Gosford,  296,  297. 
Gosforth,  297. 
Gospatric,  Earl  of  Northumberland, 

251. 
Gower,  Countess,  75. 
Graystoke,  107. 
Grendall,  419. 

Grey,  8,  9,  89,  158,  164,  416. 
Greyme,  299,  300. 
Gricc,  110,  202,  442. 


Grindal,  330,  331,  350,  354,  355, 

425,  427. 
Gunson.  199,  243,  260,  424. 
Guy,  259. 


Hale,  55,  56. 

llalied,  441. 

Hall,  358,  426. 

Halle,  318, 

Hanmer,  196. 

Hansket,  282. 

Harborough  378. 

Harcla,  1.38,  196. 

Hare,  273,  376. 

Harrington,  pedigree  of,  7. 

Harrington,  5  bis,  26,  40,  1U8,  138, 
157,252,  317,338,410. 

Harrison,  27,  97,  181,  182,  239, 
259,  386.  424. 

Hartley,  15,  27,  59,  78,  442,  448. 

Hastings,  358. 

Hawkins,  100. 

Hayne,  198. 

Henry  VI.  217  6is,  230. 

Herbert,  283. 

Hetherington,  261. 

Hill,  21,450. 

Hobson,  129,  155. 

Hodgson,  101,  144,  198. 

Hogarth,  396. 

Holcroft,  373. 

Holt,  285. 

Hooton,  282. 

How,  11,262,272,273. 

Howard,  .377. 

Hudleston,  pedigree  of,  155. 

Hudleston,  68,  118  6is,  123,  129, 
137,  138.  147,  152,  153.  154  ter, 
155,  161  bis,  173  ler,  174,  175, 
181,  191,283,316,317,  381  ter, 
440. 

Hudson,  418. 

Hunter,  441. 

Hustock,  297. 

Hutchinson,  359. 

Button,  97,  131  bis,  144,  158,  305. 


Iliff,  48. 

Irton,  pedigree  of,  195. 

Irton,  110,  186,  194,  199,  200,201, 

202,  207,  208,  21 1  bis,  436,  439. 
Irwin,  199,  307,  309,  321,  324,  360, 

446. 


INDEX    OF    PERSONS. 


455 


Jackson,  2G3,  '2G9,  272,  273,  348, 

359,  392. 410. 
Jeflerson,  88,  424. 
Jenkins,  392. 
Jesse,  257. 
Johnston,  447. 
Jones,  363. 

Kay,  272. 

Ketel,  251,  2G0. 

King,  48,  M6. 

Kirby,  142,  158,297,438. 

Kiikbank,  413. 

Kirkby,  87,  93  bia,  160,  198,  297, 

298,  374. 
Kitchen,  414. 
Knevett,  65. 
Knubley,  436. 

Larapluph,  69,  70,  73  bis.  82, 89  bis, 
91,  197.  198,  252,  339,  312,  355, 
357,  438  bis. 

Lamplugh,  pedigree  of,  84  and  437. 

Lancaster,  87,  251,  252,  371  bis, 
374,  438,  441 . 

Lancaster,  Duke  of,  139. 

I.andplogh,  26. 

Lalhora,  282. 

Latus,  pedigree  of,  172. 

Latus,  99,  158,  201,  .334. 

Law,  277,  353  bis. 

Ldwson,  72,  425,  440. 

Layland,  173. 

Leake,  284. 

Lee,  417,  418. 

Leech,  29,  357,  448. 

Le  Gros,  36. 

Leigh,  72,  90  bis,  320,  321,  371, 
374,  376. 

Lewis,  441. 

Lewthwaite,  118. 

Lcwthwaite,  pedigree  of,  440. 

Leyboum,  297. 

Lindow,  21. 

Littledalc,  3G6. 

Logis,  77. 

Lonsdale,  Earl  of,  p<;digrce,  369. 

Lonsdale,  Earl  of,  55,  57,  66,  68, 
71,  73,  76,  78,  79,90,96,99  bis, 
118,  119,  124, 130, 131,160,  Ki.-i, 
106,  175,  170,  2 10, 242, 276,  .30.5, 
348  bis,  350,  353,  357  bis,  358, 
.359,  367,  308,  369  ter,  381,  386, 
.392,  4U8,  410  bis,  414,  416,  424, 
425,  426  ter,  147,  448,  450. 


Lonsdale,  Viscount,  217  bis,  2l8bis, 

288. 
Loring,  8. 

Lowtlier,  pedigree  of,  369. 
Lowther,  53,  66,  73  bis,  78.  80  bis, 

90,  99,  160,  175,  217  bis,'23> bis, 

254,  261,  270,  .334,  348  bis,  350, 
300,  301,  302,  303  ler,  300,  367, 
369,  379,  385,  386, 399, 401,  402, 
410,  418,  4.37,  4.38,  418,  450. 

Lucy,  22,  24,  26,  37  bis,  40,  41,  77, 

235  bis,  361,  370.  413. 
Ludham,  10. 
Lutwidge,  201,  203,  204  note,  207, 

298,  299. 

Mallory,  198. 

Maudevill,  150. 

Marlyiidale,  73. 

Mar>-,  Queen  of  Scots,  244—247, 

251,  372. 
Mason,  103. 
Massey,  282. 
Meredith,  100. 
Meschincs,  2  ter,  27,  33,  35,  36, 

118,  1 19,  275,  309,  336,  3.37,  351 

bis,  352  bis,  416. 
Michael  the  Falconer,  95. 
Middleton,  197,  372. 
Miller,  47. 
Millers,  175. 
Milhvard,  424. 
Montiigue,  Marquis,  155. 
-Moore,  232,  437. 
Mordling,  318. 
Moresby,  6.5,  77. 
Moriceby,  138  bis,  338. 
Morrison,  233. 

Morthing,  117,  118,  138,317. 
Morvill,  37. 

Morys  or  Moorhouse,  90. 
Mulcaster,  213.  214,  2,33. 
Mullon,  3,  7.  26,  38—41,  55 bis,  77, 

297,  298,  309,  435. 
Muncaster,  Lord,  pedigree  of,  228. 
Muncaster,  Lord,  96  bis,  99,   105, 

110  bis,  114,  1.30,  181,  202,  209, 

214,  217,  219,222,237,238,413. 
Muncaster,  99,  448. 
Munstcr,  Earl  of,  48. 
Murray,  Earl  of,  36. 
Musgrave,  80,   198,  217,   249  ter, 

255,  373,  438. 
Myers,  192. 
Mytfurd,  283. 


3  M  2 


456 


INDEX    OF   PERSONS. 


Nelson,  259. 
Nevil,  8. 

Nevill,  8,  42  ter,  157. 
Newby,  410. 

Nicholson,  207,  424,  442. 
Noble,  95  lis. 

Northumberland,  Earl  of,  28,  29, 
108,  see  Percy. 

Orfeur,  10,  173,  437. 
Ormandy,  17G. 
Osbaldiston,  232. 

Park  92. 

Parke,  118  ter,  119,  122  bis,  123. 

Parson,  98. 

Patrickson,  pedigree,  417. 

Patrickson,  18,  73  bis,  90  bis,  107, 

307,  321,  342,  416,  417,  436. 
Pawlet,  379. 
Pawson,  439. 
Pearson,  273. 
Pelham,  410. 

Pennington,  pedigree  of,  228. 
Pennington,  86  bis,  93  bis,  96,  99, 

104,  108,  110,  117,  118,  131   hs, 

142,  143, 159,  160,  201,  210,  21-3, 

21G,  217,  218  bis,  235  bis,  237, 

238,  299,  376,  377,  437. 
Pennyman,  376. 
Penj'ston,  297. 
Percy,  pedigree  of,  41. 
Percy,  40. 
Philipson,  285. 
Pickering,  65,  86,  371. 
Pickthall,  166. 
Piele,  272. 
Pierce,  373. 
Pitrpoint,  29. 
Pinder,  295,  301,  303. 
Piper,  408. 
Plaskett,  273. 
Poole,  198. 

Ponsonbv,  pedigree,  435. 
Ponsonby,  56,  198,  279  bis,  299, 

319,  .342,  410. 
Postletlnvaitc,   102,   166  bis,  441, 

443  bis. 
Potter,  419. 
Powersconrt,  436. 
Powis,  Countess  of,  284. 
Powley,  424. 
Poynings,  43. 
Preston,   249,  254,   373  bis,  375, 

447. 


Pricket,  375. 

Quale,  370. 

Ramsden,  233,  377. 
Raper,  85,  91,  437  ier. 
Rawson,  412. 
Redman,  197. 
Rcnnie,  397. 
Reynard  the  Fewer,  99. 
Richardson,  20. 
Richmond,  372,  418. 
Roberts,  47. 
Robertson,  53,  90. 
Robinson,  441. 
Homely,  150. 
Romley,  36. 
Romney,  Earl  of,  47. 
Roper,  437. 
Rottington,  409. 

Sabine,  199. 

Sackfield,  72. 

Salkeld,  90  ter,  157,  276,  418, 419, 

425. 
Sandys,  73,  331,  358,  409, 410,  435. 
Sandes,  365,  410. 
Satterthwaite,  131. 
Scott,  29,  31,  100,  131,  263,  358. 
Scrope,  372. 
Senhousc,  86,  199,   2S3,  296,  297, 

298  6is,   299   ter,   300   bis,  301, 

321,  367.  417,  437. 
Serjeant,  186. 
Seton,  141. 
Sewell,  386,  409. 
Seymour,  45,  158. 
Shaw,  110,  129,  144,420. 
Sheffield,  18. 
Simpson,  269. 

Singleton,  107,  144,  181  bis. 
Skclton,  197,  217,  339,  355,  425, 

438. 
Smith,  166,  449. 
Smithson,  46,  176. 
Somerset,  Duke  of,  29,  45,  46. 
Spedding,  80,  358,  392,  -399,  400, 

401,  .102  6is,424. 
Spencer,  43. 

Stanley,  pedigree  of,  281. 
Stanley,  76,  94,  179  fcis,   218,  219, 

237,  257,  262  bis,  278—293, 306, 

358,  412,  414,  422,  423  <ju.,  449, 

450  bis. 
Stapleton,  86  bis,  157,  231,  438. 


INDEX    OF   PLACES    AND   SUBJECTS. 


457 


Stebic,  97,  100,  111,  450. 
Steel,  436. 
Steele,  448. 
Steward,  424. 
Strickland,  231,  371. 
StuteviUe,  3. 
Stutville,  195. 
Stuart,  378. 
Sumner,  353. 
Sunderland,  199. 

Talebois,  2,  5,  9,  89,  251. 

Tanner,  28. 

Tate,  67. 

Taubman,  256. 

Taylor,  219,  2.38,  419,  441,  442  bis. 

Tempest,  173. 

Thomas,  358. 

Thomond,  Earl  of,  46. 

Thompson,  68,  113,  272. 

Threlkeld,  371. 

Thwaites,  1.54,  174.  175,  Z17,  318. 

Thynue,  377. 

Tiflin,  .321,  417. 

Tilliol,  195,  370. 

Todd,  18  bis,  307. 

Tomlinson,  332. 

Towers,  189,  441. 

Trotter,  376. 

Troughton,  157. 

Tubman,  198. 

Ulf,  181. 

Vane,  448. 
Vaughan,  65. 
Vcnablcs,  27. 
Vcteripont,  252. 
Vicars,  57. 
Von  Essen,  11,  269. 

Wail  berth waite,  318. 


Waybergthwaite,  92,  154,  298. 

Wake,  Lord,  107. 

Wakefield,  130. 

Waldieve,  2,  36,  275  its. 

Walker,  76  bis,  112,  189,  256. 

Wandesford,  375. 

Ward,  27,  161. 

Warde,  4-38. 

Watson,  418. 

Watts,  276. 

Welberry,  372. 

Wennington,  178,  440. 

Wentworth,  377. 

Westby,  65. 

Westmorland,  Earl  of,  .378. 

Wharton,  255. 

Whitehead,  427  bis. 

Whitridge,  129. 

Whitrig,  425. 

Wilde,  441. 

Wilkinson,  75,  368,  447  bis. 

Williamson,  70  bis,  73,  160,  181, 

357. 
Wilson,  274,  359,  4366ts. 
Winder,  201. 
Wingfield,  435,  441. 
Williens,  375. 
Wolley,  439  bis. 
Woodhouse,  68. 
Wordsworth,   183,   190,  220,   257, 

262,  414,  448. 
Wotton,  8. 

Wybergh,  88, -331,  334,  347,  372. 
Wyet,  417. 
Wyche,  98. 

Wyndliam,  pedigree  of,  46. 
W'vndham,  27,   28,   45,   51,    108, 

209,  236,  305,  411,  413,  421. 

Yates,  68  bis,  381  bis. 


INDEX  OF  PLACES  AND  SUBJECTS. 


Ainger,  William,  D.D.,liisportrait, 

.350,  353. 
Alanby,  prior  of  St.  Bees,  his  letter 

to  Lord  Dacre,  339. 
AUerdale  Ward   above   Dement, 

boundaries,  1 ;    rivers,    ib, ;    to 

whom  granted,  2 ;  rcdividcd,  3 ; 

table  of  parishes,  church  livings, 

and  population,  4. 


Annasidc,  121. 
Arbeia,  59,  61. 
Architecture,  church,  see  Churches 

described. 
Arlecdon  parish,  71 ;  the  manor, 

72;    manor  of  Frisington,  ib.; 

the  church,  74  ;  additions,  448. 
Askew,  Sir  Hugh,  auccdotcof,  142. 
Austhwaite,  178. 


458 


INDEX    OF   PLACES   AND   SUBJECTS. 


Austhwaite  family,  179. 

Barngill,  76. 

Barnscar,  city  of,  211. 

Barwick-rails,  148. 

Batteries  at  Whitehaven,  365. 

Beacons,  126. 

Seek,  used  for  rivulet,  331  ttote. 

Beck-Baiik,  176. 

Beckermet  village,  15. 

Beckermet,  Little,  manor  of,  1 6. 

Beckermet,  Great,  manor  of,  305. 

Beckermet,  St.  Bridget,  parish, 
304;  manor  of  Great  Beckermet, 
305  ;  Sella  Park,  .306 ;  the  old 
church,  306;  the  new  church, 
308  :  Calder  abbey,  309. 

Beckermet,  St.  John'sparish,  15; 
manor  of  Little  Beckermet,  16 ; 
the  church,  ib.;  charities,  20. 

Bees,  St.  village,  328. 

Bees,  St.  Priory,  332 ;  building 
described,  349. 

Bees,  St.  College,  .353. 

Bees,  St.  Heads,  327. 

Bees,  St.  Free  Grammar-School, 
354. 

Bees,  St.  parish,  326 ;  village  of, 
328 ;  Priory,  historical  account 
of,  332  ;  church  described,  349 ; 
College,  353 ;  Free  Grammar- 
School,  354 ;  Whitehaven,  359 ; 
manor  of,  366;  Whitehaven 
castle,  367  ;  pedigree  of  the  Earl 
of  Lonsdale,  369  ;  Chapel  of  St. 
Nicholas,  .379;  Chapel  of  the 
Holy  Trinity,  385;  Chapel  of 
St.  James,  .391 ;  Dissenting  cha- 
pels, 396 ;  the  harbour,  ib. ;  the 
coal-pits,  399;  charities,  408; 
Koltington,  409;  Nether-Was- 
dale,  411;  Wasdalc-Head,  412 ; 
Ennerdale,  415;  pedigi-ee  of 
Patricksonof  Caswell-How,  417 ; 
pedigree  of  Patrickson  of  Stock- 
how,  419;  Eskdale,  420;  Hcn- 
singham,  424  ;  memoir  of  Arch- 
bishop Grindal,  427. 

Bega,  St.,  founds  the  nunnery  of 
St.  Bees,  326,  332. 

Belle-Vue,  76. 

Birkby,  209  ;  manor,  218. 

Birkcr,  178. 

Birker-force,  147. 

Birker-moor,  147, 


Bishops  of  Chester,  list  of,  443 
Black  Comb,  127. 
Black-legs,  116. 
Blake  fell,  S3. 
Bolton,  High,  295. 
Bolton,  Low,  295. 
Bolton,  manor  of,  297. 
Boonwood  and  Seascale  township, 

295. 
BooTLE  parish,  124;  Black  Comb, 

127;  town  of  Bootle,  129;   the 

church,  ii. ;  Setou nunnery,  136; 

charities,  144. 
Boulder-stones,  449. 
Boyvill  family,  152. 
Biide,  St.,  see  Beckermet. 
British  camps,  184. 
Broad  Gate,  176. 
Buck-crag,  421. 
Burrow-craiLs,  148. 

Calder  Abbey,  historical  accoimt 
of,  309  ;  description  of,  321. 

Calder  lordship,  305. 

Calder  river,  288. 

Calder,  280. 

Caldcr-Bridge,  304,  308. 

Cald-fell,  305. 

Carleton,  109. 

Carleton-moor,  15. 

Castle-How,  416. 

C.\STLES  :  Egremont,  32 ,  Hayes, 
78;  Millom,  160;  Muncaster, 
214;   Whitehaven,  367. 

Caswell-How,  416. 

Chapel  Sucken,  180. 

Chester,  Bishops  of.  List  of,  443. 

'  Cl.oke-damp'  in  coalpits,  401  no<e. 

Chun  Castle,  Cornwall,  184  note. 

Churches  described  :  Harrington, 
11;  Si.  Johu  Beckermet,  18; 
Egremont,  29 ;  Cleator,  53 ; 
Moresby,  68;  Distington,  80; 
Lamplugh,  89;  Drigg,  110; 
Whitbeck.  120;  Bootle,  131; 
Millom,  167  ;  Ulpha,  189;  Irton, 
202;  Mmicaster,  219;  Working- 
ton, 262;  St.  John's  chapel, 
Workington,  268 ;  Ponsonby, 
290  ;  Gosforlh.  301  ;  St.  Bridget, 
Beckermet,  307  ;  Calder  abbey, 
321  ;  St  Bees  Priory,  349. 

Churches,  hints  for  repairing,  220 
note. 

Church-livings,  table  of,  4. 


INDEX    OF    PLACES    AND    SUBJECTS. 


459 


Church  property  and  endowments 
misapplied  at  the  Reformation, 
343—317  tiote. 

C  hurchwardens,  duties  of,  220  note. 

Cleator  parish,  51 ;  manor,  52; 
church,  i4. ;  additions,  447. 

Clergy,  robbed  at  the  Reformation, 
343,  345. 

Clerical  Institution  of  St.  Bees,  353. 

Cliff  of  Baruth,  329. 

Clifton  chapclry,  275 ;  manor,  ib. ; 
chapel,  276. 

Clifton  Great,  276. 

Clifton  Little,  276. 

Cliflon-housc,  276. 

Cloven  Barf,  329. 

Coal-pits,  at  Workington,  242 ;  at 
Whitehaven,  399 ;  operations 
described,  403  note. 

Coals,  their  use  iu  London  prohi- 
bited by  royal  proclamation,  399 
note. 

Coins  found,  76. 

College,  see  St.  Bees. 

Copeland  family,  125. 

Copper-mines  in  Ulpha,  181. 

CoRNEY  parish,  95;  manor,  «i.  ; 
the  church,  96;  charities,  97. 

Cranmer  not  a  party  to  the  sacri- 
lege of  Henry  Vill.  at  the  Re- 
formation, 313  note. 

Crook-head,  412. 

Crosses;  Bootle,  129;  MiUom, 
167 ;  Irton,  207 ;  Muncaster, 
228  ;  Gosfortli,  3U2 ;  St.  Brid- 
get, Beckermet,  308 ;  St.  Bees, 
352. 

Cross-house,  129. 

Crowgarth,  51. 

Dalegarth  Hall,  179. 

De  llillom  family,  152. 

Dent  Hill,  51,  417. 

Devoke-water,  1 47. 

DisTiNGTON  parish,  76 ;  the  ma- 
nor, 77  ;  Hayes  Castle,  78 ;  the 
church,  79 ,  additions,  448. 

Doecrag,  421. 

Drigg  parish,  104 ;  the  manor, 
107;  Carleton,  109;  the  church, 
i*. ;  Schools,  112;  Additions, 
448. 

Duddon  River,  146,  183. 

Duddon  Bridge,  175. 

Duddon  Grove,  175. 


Earn-Crag,  421. 

Egremont  parish,  21  ;  Town  of, 
22 ;  the  Church,  27  ;  the  Castle, 
?2 ;  the  Barony  of  Egremont, 
35  ;  Pedigrees  of  its  lords,  36 ; 
Charities,  49;  .-Vdditions,  447. 

Egremont,  Barony  of,  .35;  Lords, 
36. 

Enncrdale,  415 ;  Manor,  416  ;  Cas- 
tle-How, id.;  Pedigree  of  Pa- 
trickson,  417  ;  the  Chapel,  420. 

Eskdale,  420;  the  Chapel,  422, 
450. 

Eskdale  and  Miterdale,  Manor  of, 
421,  422. 

Esk-meols,  125,  213. 

Fire-damp  in  coal-pits,  401. 
Fitz-Duncan  family,  36. 
Flosh,  52 
Fonts,  remarks  on,  132,  133—135 

note. 
Fool  of  Muncaster,  215. 
Foreslership  of  Cumberland,  38. 
Frisington    High   and    Low,    71 ; 

Manor,  72. 
Furnace-beck,  146. 

Gallows  at  Millom,  149,  162. 

Gas-lights,  origin  of,  399,  note. 

Geology  of  Aljerdale  Ward  above 
Derwent,  446. 

Giant  at  St.  Bee3,.'true  report  of,' 
330,  note. 

Gilgarron,  76. 

GiUfoot,  27. 

GosFORTH  parish,  295 ;  manor  of 
Gosforth,  296  ;  manor  of  Bolton, 
297 ;  manor  of  Seascalc  and 
Newton,  298 ;  the  church,  299. 

Gosforth  hall,  297. 

Gosforth  or  Gosford  family,  296. 

Grange-brow,  15. 

Greenlands,  194. 

Greystone  House,  176. 

Grindal,  Archbishop,  founds  the 
Free  Grammar  School  of  St. 
Bees,  354 ;  gives  communion- 
plate  to  the  church,  350 ;  me- 
moir of,  427. 

Guttcrby,  116. 

Hale  parish,  55;  the  manor,  i4.; 
Ponsonby  family,  56 ;  Hale  H  all, 
ii. ;  the  church,  ii. 


460 


INDEX    OP    PLACES    AND    SUBJECTS. 


Hall-foss,  121. 

Hall-Thwaites  174. 

Hardknott  Castle,  181,  449. 

Harrington  parish,  5  ;  manor,  ib. 
family  of  Harrington,  7;  the 
church,  9  ;  the  port,  13. 

Harrington  family,  7. 

Haverigg,  180. 

Hayes  Castle,  78,  448. 

Henry  VI.,  his  visit  to  Muncaster 
castle,  217  bis,  218,  224,  2.30. 

Hensingham,  424;  manor,  42.5; 
the  chapel.  420 ;  memoirof  Arch- 
bishop Grindal,  427. 

Her-singham-hall,  424. 

Herringbone  masonry  described, 
32,   33. 

Hodbarrow,  146,  148. 

Holborn-hill,  148. 

Holme-Rook  hall,  207. 

Holy-wells,  148. 

How-hall,  416. 

How-Michael,  243. 

Hudleston  family,  155. 

Infell,  280. 

Ingwell,  424. 

Irton  of  Irton,  pedigi-ee,  195. 

Irton  parish,  193;  manor,  194; 
pedigree  of  Irton  of  Irton,  195; 
Irton-hall,  199;  manor  of  San- 
ton,  201 ;  the  church,  ib. ;  Holme 
Rook  hall,  207  :  school ,  ib ;  ad- 
ditions, 449,  450. 

Irton  hall,  199. 

John,  St.,  see  Beckermet. 
Jones,  Paul,  his  attempt  to  destroy 
the  shipping  of  Whitehaven,  .363. 

Kelton,  82 ;  manor,  89. 
'King's  coach-road,'  187. 
Kinneyside,  415. 
Kirkby  Begock,  333. 
Kirksanton,  148,  180. 
Kirkstones,  122. 

Lady-Hall,  174. 

Lamplugh  family,  84  and  437. 

Lamtlugh  parish,  82;  manor, 84  ; 
pedigree  of  Lamplugh,  ib.  and 
437  ;  the  hall,  87  ;  the  church, 
ib.;  manor  of  Kelton,  89;  Sal- 
ter hall,  90;  Murlon,  ib. ; 
charities,  91. 


Latimer,  Bishop,  his  wish  that 
some  of  the  abbeys  should  be 
left  for  pious  and  charitable  uses, 
34't  note. 

Latus  family,  172. 

Law,  Bishop,  establishes  the  col- 
lege of  St.  Bees,  353. 

Lewthwaite  of  Broadgate,  pedigree 
of,  440. 

Linethwaite,  424. 

Longevity,  instances  of,  21,  72,  77, 
95,  US,  124,  188,  240,  .387. 

Lonsdale,  Earl  of  fits  up  the  col- 
lege of  St.  Bees,  350. 

Low-mere-beck  lead  mines,  416. 

Lowscalcs,  148. 

Lowside  quarter,  326. 

'  Luck  of  Muncaster,' 21 6, 224. 230. 

Lucy  family,  37,  351. 

Lucy,  Lord  and  Lady,  their  effigies 
at  St.  Bees,  351. 


Marriages  by  justices  of  the  peace 
during  the  Commonwealth,  1 II, 
112. 

Mary,  queen  of  Scots,  her  letter  to 
Queen  Elizabeth,  from  Working- 
ton, 244;  her  visit  to  Workington, 
244,  247  note,  254. 

Mass  bell,  221. 

Moschines,  family  of,  352. 

Mcschines,  Ranulph  de,  founds 
Calder  abbey.  309. 

Mcschines,  William  de,  founds  the 
priory  of  St.  Bees,  .3,36. 

Middleton  place,  95,  96. 

MiLLOM  parish,  145;  seigniory,  149; 
pedigree  of  Boyvill  or  de  Millom, 
152;  pedigree  of  Hudleston,  155; 
the  castle,  160;  the  church,  164; 
pedigree  of  Latus  of  the  Beck, 
172;  Thwaites,  174;  Birker  and 
Austhwaite,  178 ;  Dalegarth  hall, 
179;  Chapel Sucken.l 80 ;Ulpha, 
ib.;  Hardknott  castle,  184;  Ulpha 
chapel,  189;  charities,  176,  178, 
190,  191. 

Moresby  family,  65. 

Moresby  parish,  58;  Roman  sta- 
tion, 59,  and  4 17  ;  the  manor, 
65;  Moresby  hall,  06;  the  church, 
07  ;  Parton,  09  ;  additions,  447, 
448. 

Mouutain  chiuches  and  chapels. 


INDEX   OF   PLACES   AND   SUBJECTS. 


461 


described  by  Mr.  Wordsworth, 
414  note. 

Mulcaster,  family  of,  233. 

Multon  family,  38. 

MuNCASTEB  parish,  209;  manor, 
213;  castle,  214;  manor  of 
Birkby,218;  church,!*.;  pedigree 
of  Penuington,  Lord  Muncastcr, 
228-  Mulcaster  of  Muncaster, 
233;  KaTenglass,234;  charities, 
237. 

Murton,  90. 

Neddnimpriorj-,  in  UUter,  a  cell 
to  the  priory  of  St.  Bees,  iib, 

Nelson,   Lord,  anecdote  of,  204, 

Nether- Wasdale, 411;  chapel,412; 

additions,  450. 
Newspapers,  360. 


Oaks,  176. 
Old  Castle,  213. 
Old  Chapel,  243. 
Overcnd,  424. 

Parishes,  origin  of,  345,  note;  co- 
extensive  with  manors,  i*. 

Parish  registers  in  Allerdale  Ward 
above  Derwent,  account  of,  444. 

Parlon,  69. 

Patrickson  of  Caswell-How,  pedi- 
gree of,  417. 
Patrickson  of  Stockhow,  pedigree 

of.  419. 

Patrons  of  livings,  4. 

Pearl  fishery  in  the  Irt,  lUb. 

Pearl  muscle,  107. 

Pbdigbees  :— Harrington,?;  titz- 
Duncan,  36;  Lucy,  37,  40; 
Multon,  38;  Percy,  41 ;  Wynd- 
ham,  46;  Lamplugh  84  and 
437  •  Boyvill  or  Ue  MiUom,  15i ; 
Hudleston,  !&&;  Latus  of  (he 
Beck,  172;  Irton  of  Irton,  19o  ; 
Pennington,  Lord  Munraster, 
228;  Curwen,  251;  Stanley, 
281 ;  Lowlhcr,  Earl  of  Lonsdale, 
369-  Patrickson  of  Caswellhow, 
417  I  Patrickson  of  Stockhow, 
419';  Ponsonby,  435;  Lcwth- 
wait'o,  110. 
Percy  family,  41. 


Ponsonby,  family  of,  56;  pedigree 
of,  435. 

Ponsonby  hall,  287. 

PoNSos  BY  parish,  278 ;  manor,  280 ; 
pedigree  of  Stanley,  281 ;  Pon- 
sonby haU,  287  ;  church,  289 ; 
additions,  450. 

Population  table,  4. 

Poe-beck,  331. 

Preston  Isle,  327  note. 

Preston-quarter,  326. 

Prospect  Hill,  76. 

Rainsbarrow  Wood,  189. 

Ravcnglass,  2.34. 

Reformation,  its  defects  and  abuses, 

343—347. 
Registers  of  parishes  in  the  Ward, 

444. 
Religious  houses,  their  suppression, 

343 
Rivers  in  AUerdalc  Ward  above,  1. 
Roman   road   from    Egremont    to 

Cockermouth,  35. 
Rottington,  340,  409  ;  manor,  ib. 
Round  towers  described,  34,  note. 


Salter  hall,  90. 
Salmon-hunting,  240. 
Sanctc  or  Saints'  bell,  221. 
Sandes  or  Sandys  family,  410. 
Sandwith,  326. 
Santon  manor,  201. 
Sea-fell  pike,  420,  421  note. 
Scale-gill  pit,  331.  _ 
Screes,  411  note,  bis. 
Seascalu-hall,299. 

Scacale  and  Newton,  manor  of, 
298. 

Scdilia,  their  former  use,  322. 

Selkcrs  bay,  125. 

Sclla-field,  304. 

ScUa-field  tarn,  .304. 

StUa  Park,  306. 

Seton-hall,  144. 

Seton  Nunnery,  136. 

Seymour  family,  45. 

Shippingof  Cumberland,  A.D.lSbb, 

2f)8,  361. 

Silcroft,  98. 

Skalderskew,  304. 

Slavery,  curious  instance  of,  317. 
1  Slough-dogs,  23. 

Spedding,  Mr.  destroyed  by  aa  cx- 
I      plosion  in  a  coal-pit,  402. 


3   N 


1G2 


INDEX    OF    PLACES    AND    SUBJECTS. 


Slaiuburn,  274. 

Standing  stones,  83,  121. 

Stanley,  331. 

Stanley-gill,  U7. 

Stanley,  family  of,  281. 

Stock-how  Hall,  S2. 

Stoueside,  182. 

Storm  on  the  west  coast,  36G  note. 

Summergrove,  424. 

Superstitions,  117. 

Swineside,  176. 

Thwaites,  174 ;  manor,  ib  ;  cha- 
pel, 175;  Druidical  temple,  176; 
charities,  178. 

Thwaites  family,  174. 

Ulpha,  180;  manor,  181;  Hard- 
knott  castle,  184;  chapel,  189; 
charities,  190. 

Ulverston,  skirmish  near,  158,  159, 
note. 

Vitreous  tubes  found  at  Drigg,  105. 

Wadertiiwaite  parish,  92;  ma- 
nor, ib. ;  the  church,  93. 

Wallow  Barrow  Crag,  183. 

Walls  castle,  210,  212. 

Wasdale  hall,  412. 

Wasdale  head,  412;  chapel,  413; 
additions,  450. 

Wast-water,  411,  note. 

Weddicar,  manor  of,  410. 


Whicham  parish,  98  ;  the  manors, 
99 ;  the  church,  ib. ;  the  gram- 
mar school  of  Whicham  and 
Bootle,  101  ;  charities,  103;  ad- 
ditions, 448. 

Whicham  hall,  99. 

W'hilliniore,  71. 

Whitbeck  parish,  115;  manor, 
117;  the  church,  IIS;  antiqui- 
ties, 121 ;  charities,  122. 

Whitehaven,  359 ;  the  manor,  3G6; 
the  castle,  367  ;  pedigree  of  the 
Lowther  family,  369 ;  chapel  of 
St.  Nicholas,  379;  chapel  of  the 
Holy  Trinity,  385  ;  chapel  of  St. 
James,  391 ;  dissenting  chapels, 
396 ;  the  harbour,  ib. ;  the  coal- 
pits, 399 ;  charities,  408. 

Wilton,  55. 

Winscales,  239. 

Workington  parish,  239 ;  tlie 
hall,  243 ;  pedigree  of  Curwen, 
251  ;  the  town,  257 ;  church, 
260;  St.  John's  chapel,  268; 
dissenting  chapels,  269 ;  chari- 
ties, 270 ;  Stainburn,  274  ;  Clif- 
ton, 275. 

Workington,  257. 

Workuigton-hall,  243. 

Wotobank,  15 ;  tradition  respecting, 
ib. 

Wyndham  family,  46. 

Yotten-Fews,  304. 


Carlisle:  Prinizd  by  Sauc^l  jErpsHsox,  34,  Scotcu-Stkset. 


WORKS  ILLUSTRATIVE  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF 
CUMBERLAND,  &c., 

PUBLISHED  3Y  SAMDEL  JEFFEBSOK,  CARLISLE  ; 

SOLD  BY  NICHOLS  AND  SON,  AND  WHITTAICER  AND  CO.,  LONDON  ; 

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In  one  thick  volume  8vo,,  l'2s. ;  or,  large  Paper,  '21s. 

THE  HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES   OF  LEATII    WARD,  iii 

the  County  of  Cumberland ;  with  Biographical  Notices  aud  Memoirs. 
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Leath  Ward  comprises  the  Parishes  of  Penrith,  Edenhall,  Kirkoswald, 
Salkeld,  Greystoke,  Dacrc,  Alston,  Addingham,  Ainstable,  Hesket,  Hut- 
ton,  Kirkland,  Lazouby,  Langwathby,  Melmerby,  Newton  Regny, 
Skelton,  Sowerby,  Ousby,  Renwick,  and  Croglin. 

"  We  bave  no  liesitatton  iu  saying  that  Mr.  Jefferson's  book  is,  and  ought  to  be,  very 
acceptable  to  the  county."— feH/tewrt«'ji  Magazine,  July,  1841. 

"  A  valuable  contribution  tot  he  local  literature  of  tbe  county. ' — Cumberland  Pacmiet, 
Nov.  3,  IMO. 

'*  To  illustnitc  a  portion  of  the  interesting;  county  of  Cumberland  is  a  laudable  under- 
taking ;  and  .Mr.  Jetfersun  deserves  our  praise  for  the  pains  and  iudustrv  he  has  bestovied 
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which  occur  in  this  district,  are  specihcally  described  ;  and  the  description  of  the  churt  hes 
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f feared. ...The  task  of  furnishing  a  History  of  Cumberland,  worthy  of  the  county,  has  at 
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the  fruit  of  whose  labours— **  The  History  and  Antitputies  of  l.eatb  Ward"— now  lies 
before  us.  "We  have  perused  the  volume  with  care,  and  have  no  hesitation  in  pronounc- 
ing it  OS  our  opinion  that  Mr,  Jefterson  lifts  performed  his  arduous  task  notonly  iu  a  credit- 
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•*  A  body  of  facts  and  minute  particulars  relating  to  each  parish  and  object  of  interest  in 
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A  SERIES  OP  PLATES  of  the  Public  Buildings  in  the  City  of 
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THE  CARLISLE  HISTORICAL  TRACTS. 

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grave, Bart. 

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A  SERMON  preached  at  the  Funeral  of  The  Right  Hon.  Annk, 
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Mr.  Jefferson  fur  this  interesting  reprint.  .  .  Though  it  is  true  that  the  pulpit  com- 
positiutiS  of  the  period  were  tedious  and  conceited,  yet  they  abound  in  personal  allusions 
and  even  anecdotes,  and  hence  their  historical  value." 

•*  We  are  always  glad  to  see  such  repnuts."— Church  of  England  Quarterly  Review, 
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THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  WORTHIES  OF  CUMBERLAND 
AND  WESTMORLAND  :  by  Thomas  Fuller,  D.D.,  Prebendary  of 
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THE  TRIAL  AND  LIFE  OF  THOMAS  CAPPOCH,  the  Rebel- 
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Price  Is. 
THE  TRIAL  AND  EXECUTION  OF  COLONEL  TOWNLEY, 
Governor  of  the  City  of  Carlisle,  who  was  executed  for  High-Treason, 
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Preparing  for  Publication,  p 

THE    LIFE    AND    MIRACLES    OF   SANCTA    BEGA,  the  Pa-"^^ 
troncss  of  the  priory  of  St.  Bees.     Written  by  a  monkish  historian.     To 
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