An Alpine A B C and list of easy rock plants

THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

PRESENTED BY

PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND
MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID

AN ALPINE ABC

AN ALPINE
ABC

AND LIST OF EASY
ROCK PLANTS

ARRANGED BY

A. METHUEN

NEW YORK

E. P. BUTTON AND COMPANY
PUBLISHERS

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY

BUTLER & TANNER,
FROME AND LONDON

PREFACE

THESE notes are for the beginner and
the amateur. Their purpose is —

(1) To give a list of the most attractive
and the easiest Alpine flowers. They do
not include difficult or curious plants. These
are for the specialist.

(2) To guide him in the placing and culture
of such plants. The notes are designedly
short, and more elaborate lists and advice
can be found in larger Alpine garden books.

The compiler has had experience of most
of these plants, and has cultivated them with
(more or less) success, but the reader will
remember that the directions which are
appropriate to a dry and sandy position will
not suit a low and damp one, and he must
adjust his methods to his necessities.

Here are a few rules which the amateur
may follow with the qualifications which the
aspect, the soil and the configuration of his
garden make necessary : —

i. The best aspect is south-east.

M365089

AN ALPINE ABC

2. The rock garden should be built of hard

stone in tiers, and the rocks should
slope slightly so that the rain may
run away. If you must use sandstone,
see that it is well weathered.

3. Let your rocks be large, plentiful,

well-placed and laid flat. Nothing is
more odious than the ordinary
" rockery " with a number of small,
pointed and jagged stones.

4. The soil should be mixed with grit

and should be of good quality. Most
alpines like a good garden soil, i.e.,
a light loam. If the soil is sandy it
should be enriched by fibrous loam
and leaf mould. If it is poor, give
a little mild horse manure to the
stronger plants. If it is heavy, it
should be mixed with light soil and
well-drained. Sphagnum moss is use-
ful for plants which like damp.

5. If the soil is wanting in lime, lime

should be added where its use is
indicated. Most alpines like lime,
but some detest it. Old mortar-
rubble is good. It is useful to have
a lime area and a non-lime area, and
to keep the lime-loving plants separate
from the lime-haters.

PREFACE

6. Plant your alpines close to or at the

foot of the rocks, for most plants like
the shelter and the damp of a rock.
Many plants should be wedged tightly
between stones, e.g. the saxifrages.

7. Top-dress your plants two or three

times a year and see that small plants
are kept firmly in the ground so that
their roots are not exposed. Once a
year top-dress with stone chips.
Plants like this dressing, and it keeps
the soil moist in summer.

8. When planting spread out the roots

well, giving them plenty of room, and
press down firmly. In dry weather
plunge the plant into water before
setting it in its place.

9. You should always have one or two

moraines for some of the more delicate
alpines, especially those with hair-
like roots which only flourish in such
soils, e.g., gentiana verna and the
androsaces.1

1 The enthusiast who wishes to grow the high
Alpine plants to perfection must make a small
moraine, and he will do well to look to the natural
conditions under which these plants live and which
he hopes to imitate. A friend gives the following
recipe : —

The moraines of the Alps are simply tumbled
vii

AN ALPINE ABC

10. Plants of the same family should be
kept together where this is possible.
It is more interesting to have a saxi-

masses of mountain d£bris, stones of all sizes and
shapes, sand and shingle, all knit firmly together,
and containing the merest trace of primitive
vegetable soil, washed down from the rocky
heights.

In our gardens the moraine must be made on
the same plan. It should face as near as possible
south-east, and be so arranged that its surface is
well raised above ground level, the better to afford
an easy view of its treasures.

Let the main bulk be made up of stones varying
from the size of a man's head to that of his fist.
All the spaces between these stones are tightly
packed in the building with the " moraine mixture,"
which is composed of fine quarry sittings, granite
or limestone chips, or any other similar material
which may be available. This is mixed with about
one-fifth of its bulk of topspit peat and leaf-soil.

The whole must be not less than 18 inches in
depth, and should be bounded behind by rocky
walls. The surface should show a few weathered
stones half hidden in the general mass.

A moraine built on the lines indicated here will
retain moisture for very long periods and, in dry
weather, may be watered with the rose.

It is the larger stones which play the most
important part in retaining water, and if these are
of a porous nature, so much the better. Round
these stones the roots of the plants will cling, always
assured of those conditions which make life and
growth easy fir them.

PREFACE

frage section, a primula section, a
campanula section, than to have the
various species of these plants scat-
tered minutely about the garden.

11. Aim at mass effects. The beauty of

alpine flowers in their homes is largely
derived from the lovely mass of colour
which glows on the slopes and mea-
dows. Thus make a carpet of gentiana
verna or acaulis (200 or so if you can
raise them). Among these plant the
smaller anemones, androsaces, dian-
thus alpinus and the small primulas.
Above these, on a higher slope, plant
masses of dryas, the larger anemones,
and the blue aquilegias.

12. You will have more success and a more

effective display if you grow a moder-
ate number of plants well than a
large number of plants poorly. Only
grow plants that thrive in your soil
and climate. Do not worry about
rare and difficult plants. Leave them
to specialists.

13. Plant flowering shrubs at the back of

your rock garden, but do not overdo
them. They should give a background,
but should not dominate. The best
are given in the following pages.

AN ALPINE ABC

14. Rock plants are delicate and short-

lived things and must constantly be
renewed. Never cease propagating
either by division or cuttings or seeds.
Collect your own seeds. They will
often do better than bought seeds.
It is generally better to sow such
seeds as soon as they are ripe.

15. Above all, remember that advice, rules

and directions are useless without the
seeing eye and the observing mind.
Watch constantly and learn.

A. M.
July, 1922.

THE ALPINE HOUSE

IF you have an uriheated greenhouse and
can afford the space you will be able to
grow many Alpine treasures under glass
better than in the open. In their native
mountains, protected from excessive rain
by a blanket of snow, these little plants are
warm and thriving and ready for the next
spring. But under our bleak and moist sky,
and exposed to our heavy rains, the andro-
saces and such-like damp off or become
miserable and ineffective mounds of flannel.
In November, therefore, put some of your
Alpines in your cold house, having carefully
planted them in pots or pans in their proper
soil, and in due time you will have a charming
display of flowers, all healthy and untouched
by dirt or damp.1

1 Plants intended for display in the Alpine house
should be grown in shallow pots or pans. Two
very useful sizes are 4 inches deep by 6 inches wide
and 4^ inches deep by 6J inches wide.

The soil must be carefully compounded to suit

AN ALPINE ABC

The following are specially suited to this
treatment : —

All the androsaces.

The smaller anemones, e.g. Appennina,

Pulsatilla and Robinsoniana.
Many campanulas, e.g., G. F. Wilson,

garganica, pulla and pusilla.
Cyananthus lobatus.
Cyclamen Coum and Europaeum.
Dianthus alpinus and neglectus.
Gentiana acaulis and verna.
Dryas lanata.
Erodium corsicum.
Fritillaria.
Hepatica.
Houstonia.
Hypericum reptans.
Iris reticulata.
Linum arboreum.
Lithospermum graminifolium.

the requirements of each plant. It should not be
finely sifted, and should contain plenty of coarse
sand and stony material.

The saxifrages, and, in fact, all the saxatile plants,
are best grown and displayed by planting among
comparatively large stones which are sunken deeply
in the pans and form a miniature rock- work on the
surface. Very pleasing effects may be obtained
by the use of weathered pieces of stone arranged
as a setting for the plant.

THE ALPINE HOUSE

Malvastrum Munroanum.

Morisia hypogaea.

Myosotis rupicola.

Nertera depressa.

Omphalodes Luciliae.

Onosma.

Oxalis enneaphylla, etc.

Papaver alpinum.

Penstemon cseruleus.

Phlox subulata, various.

Potentilla nitida.

Primula Beesiana, Bulleyana, auricula,
farinosa, frondosa, helodoxa, Juliae,
Lissadell, Littoniana, rosea, Winteri.

Ramondia.

Rhododendron chamaecistus.

Saponaria ocymoides.

Saxifrages, nearly all.

Schizocodon.

Schizostylis.

Shortia uniflora.

Silene.

Soldanella.

Trollius asiaticus.

Viola pedata.

Wahlenbergia.

Many delightful small bulbs, e.g. Narcissus
triandrus albus, etc., make a picture in an
Alpine house.

AN ALPINE ABC

ABELIA RUPESTRIS (4-5 ft.). Pink.

A beautiful shrub for a back position.
AC^ENA MICROPHYLLA (NOV^ ZEALANDI^)
(1-2 in.). Red.

A useful carpet plant which will grow anywhere.
ACANTHOLIMON GLUMACEUM (5-7 in.). Rose.

— VENUSTUM (6-8 in.). Rose.

Plant in the sun in loam, lime and sand between
stones. Propagate by layering or from seed.
ACHILLEA CLAVENN^E (6-8 in.). White.

— TOMENTOSA (&-I2 in.). Yellow.

Plant south in a chink in loam, lime and grit.
Propagate by division or from seed.
ADONIS VERNALIS (10-15 in.). Yellow.

— AMURENSIS (10-15 in.). Yellow.

Plant south in a good sandy loam. Divide
every three years or raise from seed.
^ETHIONEMA CORIDIFOLIUM (6-7 in.). Rose-
lilac.

— GRANDIFLORUM (10-12 in.). Rose.
•— PULCHELLUM (8-12 in.). Rose.

Plant all these south in a chink in lime and
loam. Cut back after flowering, and raise from
cuttings or from seed.
AJUGA REPTANS (4-8 in.). Dark blue.

Plant in half shade. Propagate by division
of tufts in spring.

AN ALPINE ABC

ALLIUM CSRULEUM (12-18 in.). Blue.

Plant south in sandy loam and propagate by

offsets.
ALYSSUM ARGENTEUM (3 In.). White.

— MONTANUM (2-4 in.). Yellow.

— PYRENAICUM (8 in.). White.

— SAXATILE (12 in.). Yellow.

There is a double form, and a light yellow one
(sulphurea).

— SPINOSUM (7-8 in.). White.

Plant all above behind a stone or between
stones on the slope in gritty soil. Propagate by
cuttings, division or seed, and raise new plants
every two years.
ANDROSACE CARNEA (3-4 in.). Pink.

— LAGGERI (3-4 in.). Pink.

Plant these on the flat in sand, loam and grit,
with a little peat. Most Androsaces dislike
excessive moisture, and should be protected
from rain in winter. They should be planted
in chinks or between stones. Most do well in
the moraine. Propagate by division or cut-
tings or seed.

— LANUGINOSA (v. Leichtlini) (6-8 in.). Rose.

Plant south in loam and lime behind a rock so
that it may hang down. Cut back each year.

— SARMENTOSA (v. Chumbyi) (5-8 in.). Rose.

Plant south in gritty loam with a little lime
or in the moraine.

— VILLOSA (2-4 in.). Light rose.

Treat like A. Carnea.

ANEMONE ALPINA (also SULPHUREA) (12-24
in.). White or yellow.

Plant south in good loam and lime.

— APPENNINA (6 in.). Blue.

Plant in half shade in sandy loam.
6

AN ALPINE ABC

ANEMONE BLANDA (6 in.). Blue.
Plant south in good loam.

— HEPATICA. See Hepatica.

— NARCISSIFLORA (10 in.). White or purplish.

Plant in half shade in damp ground in loam
and peat.

— NEMEROSA (5-6 in.). White.

A. Robinsoniana is a beautiful blue form ;
and A. Allenii is also very fine.
Plant west in sandy loam.

— PULSATILLA (6-12 in.). Purple.

Plant east in limy soil. It often dies off and
needs constant renewal.

— SYLVESTRIS (6-18 in.). White.

— VERNALIS (2-8 in.). White and violet.

Plant south in half shade in sandy loam. Most
of the anemones may be propagated by divid-
ing the roots in spring or autumn or by seeds.

ANTENNARIA TOMENTOSA (i in.). White.

Plant in light soil. Propagate by division in
spring or by seed.

ANTHEMIS AIZOON (2-4 in.). White.

Plant in full sun in light soil. Propagate
by dividing the roots in spring or from seed.

ANTHERICUM LILIAGO (1-2 ft.). White.

— LILIASTRUM (1-2 ft.). White.

Plant in large clumps in half shade In loam

and leaf -mould. Top-dress with mild manure.

Divide the roots.
ANTHYLLIS MONTANA (3-6 in.). Pink or purple.

Plant south in a chink in loam and lime.

Propagate by cuttings or seed.
ANTIRRHINUM ASARINA (3-4 in.). Pale yellow.

— GLUTINOSUM (3-4) in. White and yellow.

Plant south in a rock crevice in loam and lime.
Propagate by seeds or by cuttings in September.

2 7

AN ALPINE ABC

APHYLLANTHES MONSPELIENSIS (8-12 in.).
Deep blue.

Plant in wet ground in peat and loam. In-
crease by dividing the roots in the spring.

AQUILEGIA ALPINA (10-20 in.). Blue.

— CJERULEA (9-12 in.). Blue.

— GLANDULOSA (9-12 in.). Blue.

Plant south in deep gritty loam with a little
manure. They want renewing every year or
two by seeds, or by dividing in September the
root stock. They are beautiful but difficult
things.

ARABIS ALBIDA (6 in.). White.

Plant south in a dry spot and increase by
seeds. Cuttings may also be taken. The
double-flowered variety is the better.

ARABIS AUBRIETIOIDES(6-i2in.). Pink'&white.
Plant south in rock crevice in sandy loam.

ARENARIA BALEARICA (i in.). White.

Plant near a rock and it will soon cover it.
It likes shade.

— GESPITOSA (6-8 in.). White.

Plant in a sunny spot in sandy loam. Increase
both the above by division.

— MONTANA (3-6 in.). White.

Plant north-west in loam and lime on a slope
behind a rock where it can hang over it. Pro-
pagate by cuttings or seed.
ARMERIA C^ESPITOSA (1-2 in.). Pale lilac.

— LAUCHEANA (3 in.). Crimson.

Plant in half shade. Seed or division.

— MARITIMA (Common Thrift) (1-2 in.). Pink
or white.

Plant these south in loam and lime between
two rocks. Divide the tufts.
ARNEBIA ECHIOIDES (9-12 in.). Yellow with spot.
8

AN ALPINE ABC

Plant west in good light loam and grit. In-
crease by cuttings.

ARNICA MONTANA (i ft.) Yellow.

Plant in peat and sand. Propagate by division .

ASPERULA HIRTA (6-10 in.). White.

Plant south in sand and loam. Propagate by
cuttings or seed.

ASPHODELUS LUTEUS (2-3 ft.). Yellow.

Plant in damp or half shade in loam with a
little manure. Divide in early spring.

ASTER ALPINUS (6-9 in.). White or rose.
Plant in good light loam. Increase by seeds
or cuttings in April, and protect from slugs.

ASTRANTIA (MAJOR and MINOR) (18 and 6 in.).
White or pink.

ATRAGENE ALPINA (or Clematis). Blue or white.
Plant south-west close to a small shrub that it
may climb over, in loam, lime and leaf -mould.
Propagate by seed.

AUBRIETIA (2f-4 in.).

Plant on a slope or between stones in good
loam. Propagate by seeds in spring or by cut-
tings in summer or by layering or by division
in autumn. There are many new and charm-
ing colours, e.g., Magician.

AURICULA ALPINA (4-6 in.). Yellow.

Plant south or south-east in a chink in deep
sandy loam. Propagate from seed in autumn.

AZALEA BALSAMIFLORA (12 in.). Rose.

— ROSiEFLORA (12 in.). Rose.

Plant in the middle or at the back in loam and
leaf -mould. The Kurume Azaleas are very
suitable for a rock-garden.

BELLIS C^ERULESCENS (1-3 in.). Blue.
Plant south, and increase by division,
9

AN ALPINE ABC

BELLIUM BELLIOIDES (4-6 in.). White.

Plant south or south-west in ordinary soil.

Increase by seeds.
BERBERIS.

There are many new and beautiful species

which may be planted at the back.
BULBOCODIUM VERNUM '(4-6 in.). Rose-purple.

Plant south in sandy loam, and increase by

offsets of the bulbs.

CALAMINTHA ALPINA (3 in.). Purple.

Plant in ordinary soil and use for carpeting.

Propagate from seed when ripe.
CALINDRINIA UMBELLATA (6 in.). Magenta.

Plant south or south-west in sandy soil and

grit. Increase from seed.
CAMPANULA ALLIONI (3-4 in.). Blue.

Plant in the moraine. Rather difficult and

likes moisture.

— C^ESPITOSA (3-4 in.). Blue.

— CARPATICA (9-12 in.). Blue.

— CENISIA (5-8 in.). Blue.

Plant in the moraine.

— G. F. WILSON (6 in.). Blue.

— GARGANICA (3-6 In.). Blue.

— GARGANICA VILLOSA (3-6 in.). Blue.

Plant these in a cleft in the sun.

— ISOPHYLLA (3-5 in.). Blue.

— MURALIS (or PORTENSCHLAGIANA) (3-8 in.).
Blue.

— PULLA (3-6 in.). Blue.

— PUSILLA (3-6 in.). Blue.

All easy of growth.

— RAINERI (3-6 in.). Blue.

Plant south in leaf-mould, lime and grit.
10

AN ALPINE ABC

CAMPANULA RUPESTRIS.

Plant south between stones in loam, sand and
lime.

— STEVENI NANA.

— WALDSTEINIANA.

Plant south in loarn, grit and leaf -mould.
Some of the above have white forms. Nearly
all the Campanulas can be propagated by
cuttings (best way) or division or seed, and
they like sandy loam.

CARDAMINE TRIPOLI ATA (3-6 in.). White.
Plant in damp and half shade in ordinary soil.
Propagate from seeds when ripe.

CERASTIUM TOMENTOSUM (6 in.). White.

Plant on a slope in sand and lime. Propagate
by division, cuttings or seeds.

CHEIRANTHUS ALLIONI (6 in.). Orange.

Plant in full sun in good soil with lime. Pro-
pagate from seed when ripe.

— ALPINUS (6-12 in.). Yellow.

— LINIFOLIUS (6-8 in.). Purplish blue.

— MUTABILIS (2 ft.). Cream, changing to purple
and other colours.

Plant south in loam and lime. Propagate

from seed (best way) or by division.
CHOISYA TERNATA (3-7 ft.). White.

A good shrub for the back. Increase by

cuttings.
CISTUS FORMOSUS. Yellow.

A shrub for the middle distance.

Most of the cistuses are good for the back.
CLEMATIS ALPINA. See Atragene.
CODONOPSIS OVATA (12-18 in.).

Plant in front of a stone high up in loam .and

sand. Propagate by seeds.
ii

AN ALPINE ABC

COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE (3-4 in.). Lilac.

Plant in good dampish sandy soil in a sunny

place. Increase by offsets from the corm.
CONVOLVULUS CNEORUM (1-2 ft.). Pale rose.

Propagate by cuttings from the non-flowering

shoots.
COROKEA COTONEASTER.

Plant at back. A curiously attractive shrub.
CORONILLA IBERICA (1-2 in.). Yellow.

Plant in loam and lime, and propagate by

cuttings or division.
COTONEASTER ADPRESSA.

A dwarf shrub.
CROCUS.

There are many charming kinds for the rock-
garden.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA NANA.

A dwarf shrub for the middle distance.
CYANANTHUS LOBATUS (3-4 in.). Purplish blue.

Plant south-east in sandy soil, leaf-mould and

grit, and cover in winter. Increase by cuttings.

A difficult plant and better in the Alpine

house.
CYCLAMEN COUM (3 in.) Purple.

— EUROPIUM (5-6 in.). Reddish.

Plant in half shade or under trees in loam,
lime, leaf-mould and sand.

CYPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS (12-16 in.). Brown.
Plant in half shade in damp fibrous loam, lime
and peat. Propagate by division.

— SPECTABILE (12-18 in.). White and rose.

Plant as above. A lovely plant but diffi-
cult.
CYTISUS SHIPKAENSIS (2 ft.). White.

— ARDOINI (6 in.). Yellow.

Plant these low shrubs at back.

AN ALPINE ABC

CYTISUS KEWENSIS (12 in.). Pale yellow.
Plant behind a rock to hang down.

DAPHNE BLAGAYANA (12 in.). White.

Plant in half shade in leaf-mould, sand and
peat. Surround with stones and peg down
the young growths.

— CNEORUM (12 in.). Rose and pink.

Plant south-east on the slope close to a rock,
in loam, sand and peat. Increase both these
by layering.

— FIONIANA (2-3 ft.). Pink.

A shrub for the back.

— RUPESTRIS (2-4 in.). Rose.

Plant in half shade in peat, lime and white
sand close to a rock or between two rocks.
Propagate by grafting on mezereum.

DELPHINIUM NUDICAULE (ij ft.). Red and
yellow.

A charming dwarf species. Plant south in
good light soil. Propagate from seed in April
or by division of the roots in spring or by
cuttings.

DIANTHUS ALPINUS (3-4 in.). Deep rose.

Plant south-east in the moraine in loam, lime,
leaf-mould and grit. Top-dress carefully.

— ARENARIUS (8 in.). White.

— C^SIUS (6 in.). Pink.

— DELTOIDES (6 in.). Pink.

— NEGLECTUS (2-3 in.). Dark rose.

— PLUMARIUS (3-5 in.). White or rose.

Plant all the above south-east in good loam,
leaf -mould and grit, or in the moraine. Top-
dress well several times a year. Propagate
from seed or by division or by cuttings. Most
of them (but not Neglectus) like lime.

13

AN ALPINE ABC

DODECATHEON (6 in.). Rose or purple.

Plant in half shade in a damp spot in loam
and leaf -mould. Increase by seed or divi-
sion.

DONDIA EPIPACTIS (3-6 in.). Yellow.

Plant south or south-east in loam and leaf-
mould. Propagate by division.

DOUGLASIA VITALIANA (1-2 in.). Yellow.

Plant south-east in the moraine, or better still,
in the Alpine house, with a little lime. In-
crease by seed.

DRABA AIZOIDES (2-3 in.). Yellow.

— DEDEANA (2-3 in.). White.

— OLYMPICA (2-3 in.). White to lilac.

Plant south in a chink in loamy soil and lime.
Increase by seed or division.
DRYAS LANATA (3-4 in.). White.

Plant south in a crevice to hang down. This
is the best Dryas.

— OCTOPETALA (3-4 in.). White.

Plant south-east or south-west on a slope,
where it can hang down, in loam and grit.

EDELWEISS. See Gnaphalium.

EDRAIANTHUS. See Wahlenbergia.

EMPETRUM NIGRUM (12-18 in.). Pink.

A dwarf shrub. Plant in peat and loam, and
increase by cuttings.

EPIMEDIUM (6-12 in.). Various colours.

Plant south-east or south-west in sandy soil
on the higher part of the rock-garden. In-
crease by division.

ERICA CARNEA (6 in.). Pale red.

Plant on a slope and prune after flowering.
There are many hybrids. Increase by cut-
tings.

AN ALPINE ABC

ERIGERON ALPINUS (9-12 in.). Purple.

— MUCRONATUS (9-12 in.). White and pink.
Plant south-east in loam, leaf-mould and grit.
Increase by seed or division,

ERINUS ALPINUS (5-6 in.). Various colours.
Plant south-east or south-west on a slope
between rocks in sandy loam. Increase by
seed and sow in chinks.
The variety Carmineus is good.

ERODIUM CORSICUM (9-12 in.). Red.

Plant south in light soil. Propagate by
division of the roots in spring or from seed
when ripe.

ERYSIMUM PULCHELLUM (9-12 in.). Yellow.
Plant south-east in ordinary soil, and increase
by seeds or by division.

ERYTHR^EA DIFFUSA (4-6 in.). Rose.

Plant in half shade in loam, leaf-mould and
sand. Increase by seed or division.

ERYTHRONIUM (4-6 in.). (Dog's Tooth Violet.)
Various colours.

Plant south-east in half shade in loam and leaf-
mould. There are many species and most are
good. Separate the offsets.

EUONYMUS NANUS.
A dwarf shrub.

FRITILLARIA MELEAGRIS (12-18 in.). Purple
on yellow ground.

Plant in a damp place in half shade in loam and

leaf -mould. Increase by seeds.

The other fritillarias are also good.
FUCHSIA PUMILA (4-8 in.). Scarlet.

Plant south-west or south-east in ordinary

soil, and increase by cuttings.

15

AN ALPINE ABC

GALAX APHYLLA (3-6 in.). White.

Plant in a damp place and in half shade in

loam, leaf-mould and peat. Increase by seeds

or division.
GAULTHERIA NUMMULARIA. White and pink.

A trailer. Treat as Galax.
GENISTA ARDOINEI (4-6 in.). Yellow.

— PROSTRATA (4-6 in.). Yellow.

Two dwarf brooms for the back or middle.
Increase by seeds.
GENTIANA ACAULIS (2-4 in.). Blue.

Plant south in loam and lime or in good garden
soil enriched with a little manure. It will
do well in the moraine. Increase by seed or
division.

— ASCLEPIADEA (6-18 in.). Blue.

Plant south-west on a slope in half shade.
Increase by seed or division.

— FARRERI (3 in.). Light blue.

Plant south-east in peat and leaf-mould.
Increase by cuttings.

— LUTEA (3-5 ft.). Yellow.

Plant at the back, and increase by dividing the
roots.

— PNEUMONANTHE (8-10 in.). Blue.

Plant in damp peat, and raise from seed.

— SEPTEMFIDA (6-18 in.). Blue.

Plant in half shade in loam and peat. Increase
by division or seeds. There is a trailing form
Lagodichiana — good and easy.

— SINO-ORNATA (3 in.). Blue.

Treat as Farreri. A good plant.

— VERNA (1-3 in.). Blue.

Plant south or south-east in the moraine in
peat, loam and sand. Top-dress well and
firmly and keep damp. It likes a little lime.
16

AN ALPINE ABC

Increase from seed, which should be sown when
ripe.

The form angulosa is good and easy.
GERANIUM ARGENTEUM (4-6 in.). Pale rose.

— CINEREUM (4-6 in.). Red.

Plant between rocks in loam and lime, and
enrich with a little manure. Increase by seeds
or division.
GEUM REPTANS (2-4 in.). Yellow.

Plant south-east on a slope in ordinary soil
or in the moraine. Increase by runners or by
seeds.

— ROSSI (3-6 in.). Yellow.

Plant in half shade or in the moraine. In-
crease by division or by seeds.

GLOBULARIA NAN A (1-2 in.). Blue.

Plant south near and behind a rock in sandy
soil and grit. Increase by seeds or divi-
sion.

GNAPHALIUM LEONTOPODIUM (3-6 in.). Yel-
low.

Plant south in loam and lime, and protect from
cold winds in May. Increase by seeds.

GUNNERA DENTATA (2-3 ft.).

A dwarf kind for a shady place. Increase by
detaching the root-shoots.

GYPSOPHILA CERASTIOIDES (5-12 in.). White.

— REPENS (3-6 in.). White or rose.

Plant south in sandy soil and grit with a little
lime. Increase from seed.

HABERLEA RHODOPENSIS (4-6 in.).

Plant, like Ramondias, in shade between rocks
on north or north-west on the face of a bank in
loam and peat. Use no lime. Increase from
seed.

17

AN ALPINE ABC

HELIANTHEMUM (3-8 in.). Various colours.
Plant south or south-east on a slope in sandy
soil and lime. Raise from seed or (more
easily) from cuttings. The best are Sudbury
Gem, Venustum plenum, Terracotta, Carneum.

HELICHRYSUM ARENARIUM (3-4 in.). Yellow.
Plant south in sandy loam (no lime), and
increase by division.

— BELLIOIDES (3-4 in.). White.
HELXINE SOLIERII.

A creeping mossy plant like Arenaria Balearica.
HEPATICA ANGULOSA (6-12 in.). Light blue.
Plant in half shade in rich porous soil. Pro-
pagate by root-division in spring or from seed
when ripe.

— TRILOBA (4-6 in.). Blue.
HEUCHERA (9-15 in.). Various colours.

Plant south or south-east in good soil. The
best are Sanguinea, Brizoides, Lady Greenall
and Walker's. Tiarellaoides is also good.
Propagate from seed when ripe or by separat-
ing the crowns in the autumn.

HORMINUM PYRENAICUM (6-12 in.). Bluish
purple.

Plant between stones in good soil. Propagate
by division in spring or from seed.

HOUSTONIA C^RULEA (and ALBA) (2-3 in.).
Blue.

Plant in leaf-mould and loam, and protect from
the rain in the winter. Seed should be sown
every year, as it soon dies out.

HUTCHINSIA ALPINA (2-4 in.). White.

Plant south or south-west between rocks in
loam and lime. Raise from seed.

HYPERICUM CORIS (12 in.). Yellow.

— FRAGILE (12-15 in.). Yellow.

18

AN ALPINE ABC

HYPERICUM GRACILE (12-15 in.). Yellow.

— OLYMPICUM (12-18 in.). Yellow.

— POLYPHYLLUM (12-18 in.). Yellow.

Plant all these behind a rock, so that they may
hang down, in sand, loam and grit. They may
be cut back after flowering. Increase by
cuttings.

— REPTANS (1-2 in.). Yellow.

Treat as above, but do not cut back too much.

IBERIS CORRE^EFOLIA (3-4 in.). White.

— GIBRALTICA (4-5 in.). White.

— SAXATILIS (3-6 in.). White.

— SEMPER VIRENS (4 in.). White.

Plant on a slope behind a rock in sandy soil.

Increase by seeds or root-cuttings.
INCARVILLEA DELAVAYI (ij ft.). Rose.

Plant south in good loam and leaf-mould.

Increase by seeds.
IONIPSIDIUM (2 in.). Lilac.

A charming annual. Sow in half shade at

intervals of 2-3 weeks through the spring and

summer. It looks well in the Alpine house.
IRIS CRISTATA (4-6 in.). Blue.

— GRACILIPES (4 in.). Blue.
-— HISTRIOIDES (6 in.). Blue.

— LACUSTRIS (4 in.). Blue.

— PUMILA (4-5 in.). Violet-purple.

— RETICULATA (12 in.). Violet.

Plant these in half shade in loam and peat, and
propagate by seeds or division, Histrioides
and Reticulata are bulbous.

JASIONE PERENNIS (i ft.). Blue.

Plant south in sandy loam, and protect from
rain in winter. Increase by seeds or by
division of roots.

19

AN ALPINE ABC

JUNIPERUS HIBERNICA NANA (6-18 in.).
A charming dwarf shrub.

— PROSTRATA.

— TAMARISCIFOLIA.

Good dwarf shrubs for the back.

LEONTOPODIUM. See Gnaphalium.

LEWISIA REDIVIVA (1-3 in.). Pink.

Plant south in a crevice and keep damp.
Increase by seeds or division of the roots.

LIBERTIA IXIOIDES (12-18 in.). White.

Plant south or south-east in loam and sand.
Increase by dividing the tufts.

LINARIA ALPINA (6 in.). Bluish.

Plant south or south-east on a slope and
between rocks. Cut back after flowering, and
increase by seed. Rosea is a good form.

LINJUEA BOREALIS (i-xj in.). Reddish.

Plant behind a rock in the shade and in damp
soil in peat and loam, and increase by divi-
sion.

LINUM ALPINUM (6 in.). Blue.

Plant south or south-east in sand and loam.
Cut back after flowering.

— ARBOREUM (12 in.). Yellow.

— FLAVUM (12 in.). Yellow.

Plant south-east or south-west in loam and
lime grit, and take cuttings.

— NARBONENSE (12-18 in.). Blue or white.

— PERENNE (12-18 in.). Blue or white.

Plant south in ordinary soil with a little lime.
Propagate from seed. Cut back after flowering.
LITHOSPERMUM GRAMINIFOLIUM (6-12 in.).
Deep blue.

Plant south-east in loam and lime. Increase
by seeds or division.
20

AN ALPINE ABC

LITHOSPERMUM INTERMEDIUM (3-6 in.).

Blue.
As above.

— PROSTRATUM (1^-3 in.). Light blue.

Plant on the slope and sheltered from the wind
in loam, peat, leaf-mould and grit. It dis-
likes lime. There is also a lighter blue form,
called Heavenly Blue. Increase by cut-
tings.

— ROSMARINIFOLIUM (5-7 in.). Blue.

A rather delicate form for the Alpine house.
The seeds of Lithospermum germinate best in
heat.
LYCHNIS LAGASC^E (3 in.). Rose.

Plant in sandy, soil and in half shade. In-
crease by seeds.

— PYRENAICA (3-4 in.). Pale rose.

Plant south in a niche in lime and loam between
limestones. Increase from seeds.

— VISCARIA (12-14 in.). Various colours.

Increase by seeds or division of the tufts.

MAIANTHEMUM BIFOLIUM (or CONVALLARIA)
(4-8 in.). White.

Plant in half shade in sandy loam. Increase by

dividing the root-stocks.
MALVASTRUM MUNROANUM (6-8 in.). Scarlet.

Plant south on a slope in moderate soil. Take

cuttings each year.
MAZUS PUMILIO (i-i| in.). Violet.

— RUGOSUS (1-2 in.). Violet.

Plant south-east or south-west on a slope in
loam and grit. Increase by seed or by division
of the tufts.

MECONOPSIS INTEGRIFOLIA (12-18 in.).
Yellow.

21

AN ALPINE ABC

MECONOPSIS WALLICHII (3-5 ft.). Blue.

Plant both these poppies in half shade and
in a damp place in loam, peat and grit. Shelter
from the east wind, and water in the sum-
mer.

Seed should be sown every year. Integrifolia
does best in the Alpine house.

MENTHA REQUIENII (2-4 in.). Purple.

Plant south in good soil and use as a carpet.
Propagate by dividing the shoots. If difficult,
try in a pot in the Alpine house.

MERTENSIA SIBIRICA (6-8 in.). Purple-blue.

— VIRGINICA (6-8 in.). Purple-blue.

Plant south-east in half shade in loam, leaf-
mould and sand in a dampish place. Increase
by division.

MORISIA HYPOG^EA (2-3 in.). Yellow.

Plant south in a well-drained place in leaf-
mould and loam. Top-dress well in autumn.
It does better in the Alpine house. Increase
by seed or division.

MUHLENBECKIA NANA (1-3 in.). Pinkish.

Plant in sandy loam for covering a rock.
Propagate by cuttings.

MYOSOTIS RUPICOLA (2-3 in.). Bright blue.

Plant south in loam, lime and grit, or in the
moraine wedged between large stones — pre-
ferably limestones. Protect from winter
rains. Sow frequently.

— RUTH FISCHER (3-4 in.). Blue.

Plant south or south-east in loam and lime.
Increase by seed.

NARCISSUS CYCLAMINEUS (6-8 in.). Lemon.

— TRIANDRUS ALBUS (6-7 in.). Pale yellow
or white.

22

AN ALPINE ABC

Plant both these south in loam, and increase

by seed or by separation.
NEPETA MUSSINI (12-18 in.). Pale blue.

Plant in ordinary soil, but not in a choice place.

Increase by division.
NERTERA DEPRESS A (6-12 in.). Green.

Plant north in light loam and leaf -mould, and

water well in summer. Propagate by dividing

the tufts or from seed. An interesting little

plant, but best in the Alpine house.
NIEREMBERGIA FRUTESCENS. (12-18 in.).
Blue and white.

Plant south in loam. Cut back in April, and

increase by seed.

— RIVULARIS (1-3 in.). White.

Plant south in good sandy loam and top-dress
well. It does best in a dampish place.

(ENOTHERA MACROCARPA (12-18 in.). Yellow.

Plant south-east at the back of a rock in loam
and lime. Increase by seed or by cuttings.

OLEARIA GUNNI (1^-3 ft). White.

An attractive shrub for the back. It should be
cut back after flowering.

OMPHALODES LUCILLE (4-6 in.). Lilac-blue.
Plant south in sandy soil. Increase by seeds
or division. Protect from rain in the winter.

— VERNA (i J-2 in.). Blue.

Plant high between stones where it may have

its way. Increase by cuttings.
ONONIS ROTUNDIFOLIA (i-i J ft.). Rose.

A shrubby plant for the middle distance.
ONOSMA TAURICUM (6-12 in.). Yellow.

Plant south behind a rock in loam and lime.

Protect from winter rain, and propagate by

layering like carnations, or by seed.

3 23

AN ALPINE ABC

ORCHIS FOLIOSA (ij-2j ft.). Purple.

Plant in half shade in loam and lime. Increase

by seeds.
OURISIA COCCINEA (6-12 in.). Scarlet.

Plant in half shade between stones in loam,

peat and lime. Increase by seeds or division.
OXALIS ADENOPHYLLA (3-4 in.). Pink.

A lovely form. Treat as Enneaphylla.

— ENNEAPHYLLA (also E. ROSEA) (3-4 in.).
White.

Plant south or south-east in loam, leaf-mould,
and grit. Increase by division of bulbs. A
beautiful little plant.

— FLORIBUNDA (9-12 in.). Rose.

Plant on a slope between stones with plenty
of room. Take offsets.

— LOBATA (3-5 in.). Yellow.

As Enneaphylla, but perhaps best in the Alpine
house.

PAPAVER ALPINUM (2-4 in.). Various colours.

Plant or sow in sandy loam. There should

be masses of these.
PARNASSIA (1-3 in.). White.

Plant in half shade in a damp place in loam

and leaf-mould. It wants constant renewing

by division or seed.

PELARGONIUM ENDLICHERIANUM (1-2 ft.).
Rose.

Plant south in sandy loam, and propagate by

cuttings.
PENSTEMON C^ERULEUS (10-15 in.). Lavender.

— GLABER ROSEUS (6-20 in.). Rose.

— HETEROPHYLLUS (18 in.). Pink or rose.

— MENZIESI (12 in.). Purple.

— PUBESCENS (1-2 ft). Bluish-violet

24

AN ALPINE ABC

PENSTEMON SCOULERI (1-2 ft.).

Plant these south in loam, leaf -mould and grit.
Cut away old foliage in spring. Increase by
seeds or cuttings.

PHILESIA BUXIFOLIA (2-3 ft.). Rose.

A small shrub. Plant in half shade in a moder-
ately damp place in peat, loam and sand. If
it grows freely, peg down the shoots.

PHLOMIS FRUTICOSA (2 ft.). Yellow.

An effective plant for the back. Increase by
cuttings or seeds.

PHLOX AMCENA (6-15 in.). Pink.

— DIVARICATA (or Canadensis) (9-16 in.). Lilac.

— DOUGLASII (6-12 in.).

— OVATA (12 in.). Reddish.

— STELLARIA (18 in.). Soft blue.

— SUBULATA (6-12 in.). Pink or white.

The Bride. White with pink eye.

Daisy Hill. Rose and red centre.

G. F. Wilson. Mauve.

Nelsoni. White.

Nivalis. White.

Vivid. Rose and red centre.

Nearly all the phloxes should be planted in
sand and loam on a slope where they may
hang down over stones. Cut back when they
get too lank. Increase by cuttings or from
seed.

PICEA PUMILA (1-2 i ft.).
A dwarf shrub.

PINGUICULA GRANDIFLORA (3-6 in.). Violet.

— REUTERI (3-5 in.). Pink and white.

Plant in half shade in a moist spot in rich
loam. They are difficult to grow. Propagate
by dividing the crowns in spring or from
seed.

35

AN ALPINE ABC

PLUMBAGO LARPENT/E (1-2 ft.) Blue or violet.

Plant full south in sandy loam, and propagate

by division in spring or from seed or from

cuttings.
PODOPHYLLUM EMODI (6-12 in.). White.

Plant in half shade in good soil. Increase by

seed or by division of the roots.
POLEMONIUM HUMILE (6 in.). Blue.

Plant south-west in loam, leaf-mould and

sand. Divide every other year.
POLYGALA CHAWLEBUXUS (also PURPUREA)
(6 in.). Creamy yellow.

Plant south-east on a slope in loam, peat and

sand. Increase by seeds or cuttings.
POLYGONUM AFFINE (6-8 In.). Rose.

— VACCINEFOLIUM (9-12 in.). Pink.

Plant high up on a slope. Divide the roots.
POTENTILLA CLUSIANA (2-3 in.). White.
Plant as Pyrenaica.

— FRUTICOSA (I ft.). Yellow.

Plant south or south-east in good soil. It
likes moisture. Propagate by cuttings in
spring or from seeds.

— NITIDA (3-6 in.). White or pink.

— PYRENAICA (6-15 in.). Yellow.

Plant these south in loam, leaf -mould and grit,
or in the moraine. Top-dress carefully. In-
crease by division of the root-stocks.

PRATIA ANGULATA (i in.). White.

Plant south or south-east on a slope in light
soil. Increase by division of the tufts or by
seeds.

PRIMULA AURICULA MARGINATA (2-3 in.).
Yellow.

Plant on a slope in loam and clay wedged
between stones.

26

AN ALPINE ABC

PRIMULA BEESIANA (3-6 in.). Purple.

— BULLEYANA (3-6 in.). Orange.

— CAPITATA (6-9 in.). Violet-purple.

— CLUSIANA (6-9 in.). Rose.

— COCKBURNIANA (6-9 in.). Dark red.

— DENTICULATA (8-12 in.). Lilac.

There is also a white form — Alba.

— FARINOSA (3-10 in.). Lilac.

— FRONDOSA (3-8 in.). Lilac.

— GLAUCESCENS (3-8 in.). Magenta-rose.

Plant among stones.

— GLUTINOSA (4 in.). Bluish-purple.

— HELODOXA (2J-4 ft.). Yellow.

A fine thing, and must be in damp place.

— INTERMEDIA (6 in.).

— INVOLUCRATA (8-12 in.). White.

No lime.

— IPSWICH HYBRID (8-12 in.). Orange or
scarlet.

— JAPONICA (18-20 in.). Crimson.

— JULIiE (3-5 in.). Reddish purple.

— LISSADELL (8-10 in.). Red.

— LITTONIANA (14-18 in.). Lilac or purple.

— PULVERULENTA (18-20 in.). Rich dark
crimson.

— ROSEA (2-3 in.). Rose.

— SIKKIMENSIS (iJ-2 ft). Yellow.

Plant above three in half shade in a boggy place
in loam, leaf-mould and grit.

— SPECTABILIS (10-12 in.). Rose.

— VEITCHII (10-15 in.). Rose.

Plant in half shade in loam.

— WINTERI (8-12 in.). Mauve.

All primulas like damp, and many do well in
the moraine. Some, like Juliae, Helodoxa,
Sikkimensis, Japonica, Pulverulenta, Rosea and
27

AN ALPINE ABC

Involucrata, are happy in a boggy place.
Nearly all the above should be planted in half
shade in loam and grit and (except Involu-
crata) with a little lime. Increase by seeds or
by division of the tufts.

PROPHET'S FLOWER. See Arnebia.

PRUNELLA GRANDIFLORA (6 in.). Violet.

Plant in half shade in ordinary soil. Propa-
gate by division in autumn.

PULMONARIA RUBRA (12-18 in.). Red.

Plant south-west on a slope in leaf -mould and
loam. Increase by division.

PYROLA ROTUNDIFOLIA (6 in.). White.

Plant in the shade in loam, leaf-mould and
peat. Increase by seeds.

RAMONDIA NATHALIE (3-7 in.). Lilac.
Treat as below, but add no lime.

— PYRENAICA (4-8 in.). Lilac.

Plant north between stones on a sloping bank
in peat, loam and lime. The plants should be
pressed vertically against the soil, and watered
in hot weather. Increase by seeds (a slow pro-
cess) or by dividing the tufts. There is a white
form.

RANUNCULUS AMPLEXICAULIS * (3-10 in.).
White.

— GRAMINEUS (6-10 in.). Yellow.

— PARNASSIFOLIUS (3-6 in.). White.

Plant these in half shade in a damp place in
loam and leaf-mould. Increase by division,
off-sets or seeds.

RETINOSPERA NANA (i£-2j ft.).
A dwarf shrub.

28

AN ALPINE ABC

RHODODENDRON CHAM^CISTUS (12-18 in.).
Rose.

Plant in half shade in peat and sand. Among
Alpine rhododendrons the best are : Ferrugin-
cum, Hirsutum, Praecox, Ciliatum, Racemosum.

RIBES PUMILUM (12-15 in.).

A dwarf shrub. Propagate by cuttings in
autumn.

ROSA ALPINA (6-18 in.).

— POLYANTHA NANA (10-24 In.).

Plant in full sun.
ROSMARINUS PROSTRATUS (4-6 in.). Blue.

Plant on a slope. Propagate by cuttings.
RUBUS ARCTICUS (6 in.). Rose.

Plant south in sandy loam. Increase by

suckers or division.

SANTOLINA SQUARROSA (12-18 in.). Yellow.

Plant in a mass on a slope in ordinary soil.

Propagate by division or by cuttings.
SAPONARIA CJESPITOSA (3-6 in.). Rose.

— OCYMOIDES SPLENDENS (6-12 in.). Deep
rose.

Plant these south between stones in loam and
grit. Increase by seeds in September. Cses-
pitosa is a compact plant ; ocymoides is a
trailer.

SAXIFRAGA * : (I) Encrusted. (II) Mossy. (Ill)
Cushion.

1 This genus contains over 150 species, and in a
small book it is impossible to describe the various
sections in which the best Saxifrages are placed.
The three divisions given here are therefore
approximately and not scientifically correct.

29

AN ALPINE ABC

I. ENCRUSTED (Resetted).

SAXIFRAGAAIZOONBALCANA (5-10 in.). Pink-
spotted.

LUTEA (8-12 in.). Yellow.

PECTINATA (5-10 in.). White.

ROSE A (4-8 in.). Rose.

ROSULARIS (9-12 in.). Rose.

— CARINTHIACA. (4-6 in.). White.

— COCHLEARIS (i-i j ft.). White.

— COTYLEDON PYRAMIDALIS (1-2 ft.). White.

— CRIESBACHII (4-5 in.). Scarlet.

— HOSTII (12 in.). White.

— LINGULATA LANTOSCANA (12-18 in.). White.

— LONGIFOLIA (1-2 ft.). White.

— MACNABIANA (4-7 in.). White, speckled rose.

All these require similar treatment. They
should be planted south or south-east on a
slight slope in limestone grit and loam tightly
wedged between stones (limestones for choice).
Increase by division.

II. MOSSY.

SAXIFRAGA BATHONIENSIS (5-6 in.). Red.

— GRANULATA (6-12 in.). White.

— GUILDFORD SEEDLING (2-4 in.). Rose.
[— OPPOSITIFOLIA (6-8 in.). Rose.p

[Place north. Splendeus is the best variety.]

— RHEI SUPERBA (2-5 in.). Rose.

— STANSFIELDII (3-8 in.). White.

— WALLACEI (3-8 in.). White.

These should be planted in half shade south-
west or south-east in loam, sand and grit.
They usually decay in the centre, and when this

Perhaps hardly belongs to this section.
30

AN ALPINE ABC

begins take up the whole plant and replant the
sound portions in another part of the rock-
garden. Increase by seed or by division.

III. CUSHION (Kabschia).

SAXIFRAGA APICULATA (and ALBA) (3-6 in.).
Primrose.

— BOYDII (3-5 in.). Primrose.

— BURSERIANA (2-3 in.). White.

— FALDONSIDE (4-6 in.). Yellow.

— LILACINA (2-4 in.). Lilac.

— PAULINA (3-6 in.). Yellow.

— SALOMONI (3-5 in.). White.

— SANCTA (2-3 in.). Yellow.

These should be planted in half shade between
stones in loam and lime grit. They should
be protected from excessive winter rains, but
should be kept moist in summer. Increase by
division or from seeds.
SCABIOSA CAUCASICA (1-3 ft.). Blue.

— PARNASSIFOLIA (1-2 ft.).

Plant south or south-east in sandy loam.
Increase from seeds.

SCHIZOCODON SOLDANELLIOIDES (2-3 in.).
Rose.

A lovely but difficult plant which should be
grown in peat and sand in the sun and sheltered
from the wind. Divide the tufts. It should be
grown in a cold or Alpine house.

SCHIZOSTYLIS COCCINEA (i|-2i ft.). Scarlet.
Plant south in loam, leaf-mould and grit
against a rock. Increase by division.

SEDUM ANGLICUM. Whitish.

— C^ERULEUM. Blue.

Plant south. This is an annual.

AN ALPINE ABC

SEDUM CORSICUM. White.

— KAMSCHATICUM. Yellow.

— PILOSUM. Salmon-rose.

Practically an annual.

— PULCHELLUM. Rose.

— REFLEXUM. Yellow.

— SEMPERVIVUM. Scarlet.

— SIEBOLDI. Pink.

— SPATHULIFOLIUM PURPUREUM. Yellow.

— TENELLUM. White.

These are all low-growing, and should be planted
south in loam and grit. They do well in rock
crevices. Increase by seeds, cuttings or division.

SEMPERVIVUM ARACHNOIDEUM (3-4 in.). Red.
Plant on the rock in moist clay. Increase by
seed or division.

SHORTIA GALACIFOLIA (2-3 in.). White.

— UNIFLORA GRANDIFLORA (xJ-2 in.). White
to rose.

Plant in half shade in good sandy loam and
leaf-mould. Increase by seed or division.

SILENE ACAULIS (2-3 in.). Pink.

ALBA.

This is better than the type.

— ALPESTRIS (6 in.). White.

— PUMILIO (2-3 in.). Rose.

— SCHAFTA (6 in.). Purple.

Plant these south, tightly packed between
stones in loam, sand and leaf -mould. In-
crease by seeds, cuttings or division.
SOLDANELLA ALPINA (2-4 in.). Violet.

— MONTANA (2-4 in.). Violet.

Better than above.

Plant in half shade in a dampish place in loam
and grit. Top-dress well two or three times a
year. Increase by seed or division.
32

AN ALPINE ABC

SPIRAEA DECUMBENS (1-3 ft).

— SIMPLICIFOLIA (1-3 ft).

Two charming dwarf shrubs.

STACHYS CORSICA (1-2 in.). Violet.

Plant in ordinary soil, and propagate by divid-
ing the crowns in autumn.

STATICE LATIFOLIA (12 in.). Blue.

Plant in ordinary soil, 'and propagate by division
or root-cuttings or seed in the spring.

SYNTHIRIS RENIFORMIS (3-6 in.). Violet-blue.
Plant in half shade in loam, peat and a little
lime. Increase by seed or division.

THALICTRUM ANEMONOIDES (6-12 in.).
White.

Plant in deep moist sand and peat in half
shade. Propagate from seed.

THUJA NANA (15-24 in.).
A dwarf shrub.

THYMUS AZORICUS (3-4 in.). Rose or purple.
Plant south in ordinary soil. Cut back when
too strong. Increase by division or cut-
tings.

— SERPYLLUS COCCINEUS (ij-2j in.). Rose.
TIARELLA CORDIFOLIA (4-7 in.). White.

Plant south-west in ordinary soil. Propagate
by dividing the roots.
TRILLIUM GRANDIFLORUM (12-18 in.). White.

— RUBRUM (8-15 in.). Red.

Plant in half shade in a damp place in loam and
leaf -mould. Divide the root-stocks.
TRITOMA RUFA (12-18 in.).

Plant in good loam, and propagate by division
of the roots or from the suckers in spring or
from seed.

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AN ALPINE ABC

TROLLIUS ASIATICUS (12-18 in.). Dark yellow.

— ORANGE GLOBE (12-18 in.). Yellow.

— PUMILUS (6-12 in.). Yellow.

Plant in moist or boggy soil, and propagate by

division in autumn.
TROP^EOLUM POLYPHYLLUM (1-2 ft.). Yellow.

This is a trailer. Plant in loam and sand.

Increase from the young bulbs.
TULIPA PULCHELLA (3-8 in.). Lilac.

Plant south in sandy loam. Increase by off-
sets or seeds.
TUNICA SAXIFRAGA (2-3 in.). Rose.

Plant south or south-east in ordinary soil.

Increase by division.

UVULARIA GRANDIFLORA (1-2 ft.). Yellow.
Plant in half shade in sand and peat. Increase
by dividing the roots or by seed.

VANCOUVERIA HEXANDRA (12-18 in.). Light
rose.

Plant in half shade in loam and peat. In-
crease by division or by seeds.

VERBENA VENOSA (12-18 in.). Blue-violet.
Plant south or south-east in good soil, and pro-
pagate by cuttings in spring.

VERONICA BIDWILLI (3-6 in.). Lilac.
Plant south between stones in loam.

— PECTINATA (8-12 in.). Rose.

— REPENS (8-12 in.). Blue.

— SALICORNOIDES. (3-6 in.). Gold foliage.

— SAXATILIS (6-8 in.). Blue.

Plant these south or south-east in sandy loam,
and top-dress well in the autumn with the
same. The creeping kinds will then root
freely and widely. Increase by cuttings or
division.

34

AN ALPINE ABC

VIOLA CALCARATA (3-4 in.). Blue or white.

— CORNUTA (3-4 in.). Pale blue.
PAPILIO (3-4 in.). Pale violet.

— GRACILIS (3-4 in.). Purple.

These Violas should be planted south in poor
sandy loam.

— PEDATA (i 1-2 in.). Blue.

This wants careful treatment, and is often only
an annual. Plant in loam and leaf-mould in
damp soil. Increase all Violas by seeds or
cuttings.

WAHLENBERGIA (EDRAIANTHUS) DALMA-
TICA (2-3 in.). Blue.

— PUMILIO (2-3 in.). Lilac.

— SERPYLLIFOLIA (2 in.). Blue.

Plant these south or south-east between rocks
in loam, grit and sand. They will also do
well in the moraine. Increase by seed,

YUCCA GLORIOSA (4-5 ft.). White.

A fine plant for the back, which should be
planted in good loam with no lime. Propagate
by dividing the tufts at the base in spring or
by detaching the buds which are made under-
ground.

ZAUSCHNERIA CALIFORNIA (12 in.). Scarlet.
Plant full south in sandy loam. Increase by
seeds or division of roots.

35

YA GDI bo