Alumnae News of the State Normal and Industrial College

ALUMNAE NEWS

OF THE STATE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE

Vol. III. No. 3.

GREENSBORO, N. C, OCTOBER, 1914

Price, 25 Cents a Year

THE PLACE OF THE WOMAN'S

COLLEGE IN AMERICAN

EDUCATION

1914 Alumnae Address Delivered by Dr. Eleanor
Lord, Dean of Goucher College

In looking over an address presented to
this Association a year ago today, I was par-
ticularly interested to note tlie recognition
on the part of the speaker, and, by implica-
tion, the recognition by the alert, thinking
women of North Carolina that there must
inevitably be some response from educators
to the changing social, economic and politi-
cal status of women in this present age. No
system of training for men or women can
continue to be vital and dynamic if it is
allowed to ' ' set ' ', so to speak, in a perma-
nent mould, to become stereotyped; the dan-
ger of educational sehlerosis is something to
be dreaded, indeed. In any transitional age
one portion of the community may be rush-
ing headlong into revolution and threatening
the foundations of society, utterly intolerant
of restraint, while the ' ' moss back conserva-
tives'' may be clinging tenaciously to the
past as if its traditions and methods pos-
sessed some miraculous potency, accruing
from mere antiquity. But while conserva-
tism always possesses a steadying power to
check the speed of ultra-radicalism, the
obstinacy of the chronic "stand-patter" will
never set back the wheels of time nor pro-
mote real progress. The zeal of the rampant
agitator may literally eat him up, but when
the new movement, whatever it may chance
to be, settles down to a normal, steady pace,
its sanest promoters will be found to be
aggressive rather than retrogressive or even
static in 'their point of view.

I have not come here to discourse on fem-
inism or on its most acute phase at the pres-
ent moment, woman's suilrage. I have read
and thought much about the lesser and the
larger issues, but I do not pretend to know
what feminism is all about or to foretell
whither we are tending in this absorbing
sex war that seems to be threatening the
civilized world. At the same time I fail
to see how anyone who has the educational
interests of young women at heart can fail
to perceive that a tremendous burden of
responsibility rests upon the schools and par-
ticularly upon the higher educational insti-
tutions where women at an impressionable
age, with the future immediately before
them as home-makers, mothers, teachers, so-
cial workers, club women, wage earners and
probably in the near future voters, are to
receive the training and inspiration for their
life work. For the great majority of girls
and boys, too, the high school represents the
last and highest agency for such training;
and the steady and rapid trend towards
vocational training in these schools, by which
the graduates may be better equipped to
earn a livelihood and enabled to enter with

better technical qualifications into farming,
manufacturing, trades, housekeeping, etc., is
most significant of a quickened conscience on
the part of lawmakers as well as educators.

But even the best high school training can-
not do more than lay the foundations for
expert skill in the more common occupations.
For the liigher professions additional years
of training are needed; hence the technical
schools that have sprung up all over the world
for the training of experts in the highly
skilled professions, such as medicine, law,
engineering, and, of course, teaching. Along
with this almost passionate zest for practi-
cal training that will yield immediate results
in wage-earning capacity and creative ac-
complishment, there has gone, as it seems to
me, a somewhat extravagant and dispropor-
tionate exaltation of the practical at the
expense of liberalizing culture. .Scientiiic
efficiency, maximum earning capacity, the di-
rect and short cut to success in the business
and in the professional world — these phrases
have come to be fetishes, so to speak, and
there is no doubt but that they have pro-
foundly affected — I might even say unbal-
anced— the average person 's judgment of
educational values. Doubtless this atti-
tude towards things is more noticeable in its
bearings upon the educational standards for
men than on those for women; but the pres-
sure which has steadily been brought to
bear upon the existing colleges for women to
modify their courses of study along voca-
tional lines, to retire the classics from active
service, to disparage the humanities and
exalt the sciences, particularly domestic sci-
ence— all these tendencies indicate to a
clianging viewpoint.

That the colleges for women, imperfect as
they may still be, conservative as most of
them still are about modification of the tra-
ditional curriculum, are ministering to a defi_-
nite educational need felt by the young wom-
en of this country, is abundantly shown by the
enormous and steady increasie in the enroll-
ment of the colleges which admit women stu-
dents. Why this flocking of girls already at
the marriageable age in thousands to the col-
leges? Why this willingness to postpone
marriage or entrance into professional life
or into society for four years? If the col-
leges were attracting merely young women
whose social chances were negligible or who
are driven by economic necessity to become
self-supporting, the case would be different.
But an hour 's visit at any woman 's college
in the country would convince the most super-
ficial observer that besides these two classes
there is a very considerable showing of girls
who, a quarter of a century ago, would have
been in "young ladies' 'seminaries' or fin-
ishing schools ' '. What is the real signifi-
cance of all this? Is it not in the main fhat
society, consciousl,v or uuconsciousl,v, has
changed its requirements for success, and
tliat while a parlor ornament or an accom-
plished debutante might conceivably be "fin-
ished" or polished off at a boarding school,

the well rounded, well poised, efficient mem-
ber of modern society must drink deeper and
longer at the fountain of liberal culture?

The question is not primarily one of sex —
unless we accept the dictum of the feminists
that not until men and women have been
thoroughly leveled will women attain to the
development of free personality. Mr. W. L.
George, the English apologist for feminism,
maintains as the reason why women have not
succeeded more generally in the arts is that
they have not been allowed the necessary
training or atmosphere and that :families
have been reluctant to spend as much on
their daughters ' preparation as on their
sons' professional training. Mr. E. S. Mar-
tin, in a somewhat whimsical critique of Mr.
George 's position, in the January Atlantic
Monthly, remarks that a large proportion of
the fathers are feminists at heart when it
comes 1;o their daughters. ' ' The father ", he
says, ' ' is all for securing for his daughters,
as far as he can, all that is worth having.
Hardly can any sex-selfishness squeeze in
i between him and his girls. He wants them
to lose no good thing that may lawfully be
coming to them."

It was long ago proved that women can
take on at least as much culture as men,
pursue research with at least as much pa-
tience and thoroughness as men and handle
the material they have dug out as effectively,
as brilliantly or as ponderously as their learn-
ed brothers. In the pioneer days of college
education for women neither a milk diet nor
homeopathic doses of strong meat were found
necessary, and those who held their breath
lest the physical strength of these young
female scholastics should fail, came to realize
that they must have been measuring their
endurance in accordance with early Victorian
standards.

The first head of the hydra. Prejudice,
having been disposed of. the educators be-
came preoccupied with the redetermination
of the sphere of women and then with the
worry as to whether the colleges were fitting
women for this predestined sphere — a matter
which at no time, so far as I know, ever
troubled the heads, hearts or consciences of
the manufacturers of curricula in the col-
leges for men.

True, much has been said of late about the
inadequacy of the college pabidum as nour-
ishment of captains of industry, ward bosses
and stock brokers, but never was the question
raised as to man's peculiar requirements as
an efficient husband and father, economic
provider or protector of the altar and the
hearth. Never, I say. has the sphere of men
as males received the dispassionate and se-
rious consideration whicli, by analogy, it
deserves.

For generations all men and most women
have been reiterating that the sphere of
woman is the home and that their chief, some
even have implied, their exclusive function
was the rearing of children — this to include,
it was somewhat grudgingly allowed, train-

ALUMNAE NEWS

iiig ill moials, manners and the alphabet.

I think that the suffragists have saved me
the time and trouble of straightening out
that important matter. It all seems quite
simple now. Nobody need waste breath in
proving that the sexes have about equal
responsibilities towards the race, the sanctity
of the family, the purity of the home, the
perfection of the environment, the protection
ur the narrow limits of the individual house-
hold and the ever expanding civic home area
from all forms of impurity and corruption.
Whether political equality is won for women
tomorrow or next day, equality of interest
and responsibility for the safety, happiness
and proper education in citizenship of every-
body 's children is today pretty clearly recog-
nized. And this interest is so intense and
this responsibility so heavy, that if ever we
finish discussing whether women have a right
to do this or that and whether, granted the
right, they would appreciate the newly won
privileges, we shall find onr time, whether
we are men or women, fairly well occupied
with co-operation in the serious business of
living. I mean that this will be true of in-
telligent, conscientious, thoroughly socialized
men and women. What these same men and
women do to earn their bread and butter
either within or without the four walls of
the house; and whether their occupations are
viewed as professions or as revolutions with-
in a sphere; and whether the woman in the
home receives a salary as housekeeper or
is satisfied with the simple scriptural reward
that her husband shall praise her in the gates
and her children rise up and call her blessed;
and, again, whether the college course must
be adjusted to prepare deliberately and
specifically for the so-called "walk in life"
— these considerations are quite beside the
point, as it seems to me, when it comes to
working out the requirements for the bach-
elor 's degree.

I cannot bring myself to believe that the
college course leading to the A. B. degree
has for its immediate object the training of
the student of either sex for any mere pro-
fessional calling.

And now, having cleared the way somewhat
for the main issue by elimination, shall we
consider what is the true function of the col-
lege as distinguished from the preparatory
school or the professional school.

The A. B. degree is necessarily a conven-
tion— it always has been; and its chief value
now as in the middle ages is to serve as a
symbol of scholastic accomplishment along
certain fixed lines and in accordance with a
predetermined standard. In the American
colonies, where the newly founded colleges
followed English precedents for the most
part, there was no immediate thought of pro-
viding university opportimities either for an
aristocracy of learning or for the average
man ; but in nearly every case the purpose
of the founders was the proper training of
Christian ministers. It may be said then
that the curriculum of early American col-
leges was to this extent vocational, but with
the later differentiation into schools of the-
ology, law, medicine, etc., the bachelor's de-
gree came to represent non-professional
training; and since technical schools were a
late innovation the non-scientific studies com-
prising chiefly the classics, mathematics, phi-
losophy (mental and moral), history, modern

languages, elementary sciences, under the
designation of natural philosophy, slowly fil-
tered into the curriculum and in the last tivo
decades of the nineteenth century the social
sciences and psychology made a somewhat
apologetic appearance. Last upon the scene
come the vocational subjects clamoring for
recognition among the groups leading to the
A. B. degree. Such has been the drift
towards the so-called practical subjects that
by implication the older studies, the classics,
mathematics and philosophy, tend to be
classed as utterly unrelated to life, and the
word ' ' cultural ' ' begins to sound not only
old-fashioned, but synonymous with useless.
But is this clamor for modification of the
curriculum in favor of vocational subjects
logical or defensible?

Let me say at the outset, that I am very
far from being averse to vocational training
in its proper place; but because I believe so
fervently that the life is more than bread and
the body than raiment, I also hold that
those, whether men or women, who are to
live on a high plane and furnish ideals, in-
centives and guidance to their own children,
to their fellow-citizens and to future gen-
erations, need trained minds and trained
hearts more than they need trained hands.

Herbert Spencer long ago put the case
when he said: "To prepare for complete
living is the function which education has to
discharge. ' ' And he proceeded to classify
the activities which constitute human life
thus: "(1) Those which directly minister
to self-preservation; (2) those which by se-
curing the necessities of life indirectly min-
ister to self-preservation; (3) the rearing
and discipline of offspring; (4) the mainte-
nance of proper social and political relations;
(.5) miscellaneous activities which make up
the leisure part of life. ' '

For the first two activities, training may
conceivably be acquired with considerably
less schooling than the colleges afford. Not
so many years ago it might have been main-
tained that the rearing and disciplining of
offspring could be very satisfactorily per-
formed without the aid of the colleges. To-
day these functions of paramount importance
are coming to demand the highest possible
educational preparation, if they are to be
properly fulfilled. The last two activities,
including as they do the broadest functions
of the socialized individual and of the indi-
vidual as master of his own leisure, are ob-
viously dependent for fullest realization upon
the training of our institutions for higher
education.

Therefore. I must maintain that the func-
tion of the college, symbolized by its bach-
elor's degree, in distinction from the lower
schools on the one hand and the professinal
or technical schools on the other, is that of
ministering to the realization of life's func-
tions in the highest, broadest, deepest sense.

The large majority of boys and girls leave
school before they reach even the high school
grades. It is wise then that in this brief
period of preparation they be taught as
nuich as possible which will fit them to use
hands and heads efficiently in those occupa-
tions into which they must enter immediately.
The grammar and high schools are the places
where manual training, cooking, dressmaking,
stenography and typewriting belong unless
young breadwinners can take advantage of

the special or normal schools where such vo-
cational subjects are taught more thoroughly
and in a more advanced manner than is pos-
sible in the high schools.

If college graduates feel the lack of special
training in domestic science or business
methods or pedagogy, let them go to the
technical schools where these subjects are
taught, just as the prospective doctor or
lawyer or engineer goes on from the prelim-
inary and fundamental courses of the college
to the university. Let us keep the functions
of the college single and simple and let us
not lose sight of the fact that its business
is not primarily to turn out bankers or store-
keepers or housewives or milliners, but effi-
cient men and women. Nevertheless it does
at the same time aim to lay foundations for
professional stud}- and to furnish the mental
•grip which shall enable the graduate to
grapple successfully with the technicalities of
any vocation which it may be his destiny to
pursue.

Turning now from the tlieoretical or, per-
haps one should say, idealistic considerations
of human efficiency, let us come down to the
actual conditions out of which our present
academic problem arises. A very practical
way of testing the efficiency of the curricu-
lum in colleges which confer the A. B. degree
is to inquire first what recent graduates are
actually doing with their trained minds, and,
second, with what success tliey are responding
to the demands of these vocations.

The ooccupations followed by men are too
numerous and too varied to need recapitula-
tion. Since I am particularly concerned
with the colleges for women, I shall invite
your attention to a few statistics as to occu-
pations of graduates of two colleges, Bryn
Mawr and Goucher. I have selected these
institutions because both have persistently
and consistently protested against the en-
croachment of purely vocational subjects in
the curriculum, because the number of grad-
uates of the two institutions is very nearly
equal, and because I happen to have the sta-
tistics of both at hand for nearly the same
period of time. The statistics for Bryn
Mawr were compiled in 1913, those, for Gou-
cher in 1912, the total number of graduates
with the A. B. degree being, respectively,
1219 and 1195. Classified by occupations,
the graduates fall into three main groups:
home-makers, teachers and unmarried women
engaged in other remunerative occupations.

Of the Bryn Mawr graduates about thirty-
three per cent, are married, and about
twenty-nine per cent, are engaged in re-
munerative occupations, about twenty-two
per cent, of these being teachers and sevent
per cent, being classified as physicians, law-
yers, philanthropists and social workers, sec-
retaries, journalists, librarians, artists, busi-
ness managers, missionaries, etc. Of the
Goucher graduates thirty-five per cent, are
married, twenty-two per cent, are teachers
and about ten per cent, are paid workers in
the above mentioned occupations. The re-
maining unmarried graduates of both col-
leges were not uniformly classified but prob-
ably include students, home-makers, unpaid
social workers and club workers.*

t Now about 10 per cent.

* The distinction between paid and unpaid work
is not ver.v clearly made.

ALUMNAE NEWS

These figures point to three distinct fac-
tors which must be clearly recognized by all
who are concerned with higher education to-
day: (1) the steady march of women, for
better or for worse, towards economic inde-
pendence; (2) the marked development of
social responsibility; (3) the new conceptions
of citizenship. These are tendencies not to
be ignored by closing the eyes; and the col-
leges must consider whether the present cur-
riculum is the best possible for the training
of parents, teachers, thinkers and organizers
or whether it needs modification or radical
changes in favor of technical or vocational
subjects.

Unfortunatel.y, statistics as to the success
of women graduates are not yet available;
it is perhaps a little early to look for con-
vincing figures, but various tests have been
applied to the graduates of colleges for men
covering a long period of time and thousands
of eases. President Foster of Reed College
has made an illuminating comparative study
of the requirements for the A. B. degree in
more than one hundred American colleges
and universities and of the success in life of
graduates of certain typical institutions.*
He groups his statistics under these heads:
state universities, privately controlled univer-
sities, privately controlled colleges for men
and colleges for women. The greatest possi-
ble irregularity in curricula prevails except
in the colleges for women, where there is an
equally striking uniformity. Most institu-
tions in all these classes require about sixty
year hours for the bachelor's degree. The
amount of fixed requirements varies from
two to seventy-two hours, but the average in
institutions of good standing is approximate-
ly twenty-five hours; and since in the ''group
system ' ' the number of hours rather than the
sub.i'ect is fixed for "majors" and "min-
ors", the proportion of required to elective
courses may be estimated roughly as about
one to three. As to favorite subjects for
fixed requirements, English, mathematics,
modern languages and sciences prevail in all
classes of institutions and history is rarely
omitted. Psychology, logic, philosophy, eth-
ics and the Bible find comparatively little
recognition as required studies in the state
universities, fare somewhat better in the col-
leges for men and are required to some
extent in all the colleges for women. Greek
is required in only five out of forty-three uni-
versities, eight out of fifty colleges for men
and no colleges for women. Latin is re-
quired in thirteen universities, in fifteen col-
leges for men and in three for women. Five
universities and eight colleges require both.
As compared with earlier custom, the ten-
dency has been of course to oust the classics;
reduce mathematics and increase_ the require-
ments in modern languages and science. Let
us see whether this procedure seems justified
by the outcome. Several attempts have been
made to test the efficiency of the colleges by
counting the number of men in ' ' Who 's Who
in America ' ' who are college graduates and
investigating their course of study while in
college ; but such a standard of success is not
entirely satisfactory, since as President Fos-
ter points out, "prominence overshadows in-
conspicuous worth and certain callings are
still unduly weighted. ' '

♦William T. Foster:
<'ollege Curriculum."

'Administration of the

A study of the class of 1894, Harvard Col-
lege, was made in UUtl, the judges who su-
pervised the selection of successful men being
the dean of the college, the secretary of the
Alumni Association, a professor of Teachers'
College, Columbia, and a member of the class.
Graduates whose success apjieared to have
been unduly aided by hereditary wealth or
social position were excluded from the count.
The records of the twenty-three men selected
were compared with the records of twenty-
three men selected at random from the same
class. The result of this comparison
showed that the better scholars had been the
most successful in life; that these had spe-
cialized in a significantly greater degree than
other students and that nearly fifty per cent,
of them took more work in classics than was
the case in the random group. Also, the
random or less successful group took twenty-
five per cent, more science than the success-
ful group. These findings agree with Presi-
dent Lowell's statistics of twenty classes.

A similar calculation made for Bowdoin
College shows that fifty successful men be-
tween 1890-1900 specialized in classics to
a greater extent than fifty chosen at random.

In view of the present attitude towards
Greek and Latin, these statistics are striking
and significant. Of late an occasional sug-
gestion of warning is noticeable in the aca-
demic press that the sciences and the techni-
cal 'branches divorced from the classics are
not showing the results claimed by their
champions.

President Thomas of Bryn Mawr in an
address delivered in 1908, made the state-
ment that ' ' so far women tend to elect the
great disciplinary studies which men neglect
because they are intrinsically more difficult
and seem at first sight less practical". Per-
sonal observation leads me to think that the
young women who occasionally demur from
required work in mathematics, mathematical
sciences and Latin are almost invariably
lacking in mental control, self-discipline,
power to analyze or to think logically, just
as those who evade physical training are apt
to be lazy or awkward or undeveloped per-
sons who most need steady, synthetic co-ordi-
nation of brain and muscle.

The author of that stimulating little book,
' ' The College Student and His Problems ' ',
giving advice upon the choice of a college,
says to the prospective student : ' ' You wish
to come into some efficient knowledge of
yourself, to secure a reasonable mastery of
your powers, to change the rather flimsy and
nebulous and gelatinous mass called your
brain into something with clearness of out-
line and firmness of grasp, to substitute a
steady and powerful mental stride for a
rather shambling mental gait, to put grip
and grit in place of mental flabbiness and to
lay well either the general or the special
foundations for the activities of later life."

In response to such needs of the young stu-
dent there has been recently a noticeable
trend away from excessive freedom of elec-
tion and purposeless scattering on the one
hand and extreme specialization on the other.
The standard colleges today require that a
reasonable proportion of the student 's time,
chiefly in the first two years, be spent on
basic courses, history, mathematics, English,
laboratory science, and a sufficient amount of
modern languages to afford a reading knowl-

edge and drill in principles of grammar.
The ' ' group system ' ', giving a choice of one
or two main subjects along lines of individ-
ual taste or aptitude and requiring a con-
tinuous advance in these subjects for the last
two years, find more and more favor as a
compromise between lack of I'oncentratioii
and over-specialization. A third tendency
seems to be an effort to secure balance by
selection of one or more related subjects
(minors), as for example, mathematics and
sciences or history and sociology; or subjects
contrasted in content or disciplinary value.
Usually this takes the form of balancing hu-
manistic with scientific subjects.

It must be kept in mind that sixty hours,
i. e., an average of fifteen hours a week,
even including outside preparation for class
exercLses, is a very limited time; and it be-
hooves the student and the instructor to
make each hour count to the utmost. This
seems to me to be an argument against al-
lowing mere mechanical dexterity, such as
typewriting or piano practice or egg beating,
to displace solid mental discipline. If by
domestic science is meant cooking and serv-
ing meals and dressmaking, these have no
place in the college curriculum. Time and
labor saving devices multiply and a trained
mind can manipulate a vacuum cleanep or
teach a servant to keep the kitchen sink clean
or even work out a well-balanced dietary for
the family without having had a domestic
science course in college. But if domestic
science means biology, hygiene, chemistry,
bacteriology, psychology, economics and so-
ciology, law as related to domestic relations,
property and banking, then I am for do-
mestic science. A Wellesley graduate, de-
scribing her domestic experiences in the
' ' Woman 's Home Companion ' ', compares
her enjoyment of social intercourse with the
discontent of a less cultured neighbor who
complained of having to sit ' ' like a bump on
a log ' ' while men talk of big things. She
adds, ' ' I may love to cook, but thank good-
ness I am not 'kitchen minded'. My range
of interests makes me an all-round companion
to my husband and I think that is intensely
worth while. ' '

After all, the value of the A. B. degree is
not merely a matter of sixty hours, however
well chosen. Two other factors must have
due consideration before the bachelor's di-
ploma becomes a true symbol of successful
training and achievement; and this is my
last point. Have we not concentrated at-
tention too much upon the curriculum re-
quirements and left out the human element
of success or failure, viz., the receptivity of
the student and the conscious purposefulness
of his study and the vitalizing and human-
izing power of teachers who are scholars but
not book worms and who are above every-
thing else men and women in close touch
with humanity, able to effect the socializa-
tion of their students by correlating their
subjects with the practical issues of life.
What we need in order to make the bache-
lor's degree mean something available for
practical life is the humanizing of the sci-
ences and the scientific presentation of the
humanities. It is as ditlicult to lay do\vn
hard and fast rules for the highest mental
training as it would be in the case of spirit-

[ Continued on page 7 ]

ALUMNAE NEWS

ALUMNAE NEWS

Published quarterly by the Alumnae Association of

the State Normal and Industrial College

at Greensboro, N. C.

MRS. David Stern, Editor

Miss I.AURA Hill Coit, Busintss Manager

Subscription price, 26 cents a year

All business communications should be addressed
to Miss Laura Hill Coit, Business Manager, State
Normal and Industrial College, Greensboro, N. C.

Admitted as second-class matter at the postoffice in
Greensboro, N. C, June 29th, 1S12

GREENSBORO, N. C, OCTOBER, 1914

Alumnae ABSociation (inc.)
President— Mrs. David Stern.
Vice-President — Miss Frances Woniblc.
Secretary-Treasurer— Miss L,aura H. Coit.
Board of Trustees— Miss Julia Dameron. Miss

Maude Bunn, Miss Florence Pannill, Mrs. R.

Murphy Williams, Miss Leila White, Miss

Nettie M. Allen, Miss Daisy Waitt, Miss Verta

Idol, Mrs. J. R. Young.

IMPORTANT NOTICE

According to tbe -nishes expressed by the
alumnae at the 1914 commencement meeting,
there will be a Normal Alumnae Banquet at
Charlotte during the Teachers' Assembly. It
is very necessary that the committee arrang-
ing for the banquet know in advance the
number for whom to prepare. Blanche Aus-
tin, 710 West Seventh Street, Charlotte, will
receive the names of those expecting to at-
tend. Please send $1.00 to her, with a note
stating your intention to be present. It is
the purpose of the committee to make the
banquet as attractive as possible. The place
will be the old Presbyterian College din-
ing room. Toasts will be given.

The alumnae have often voiced the feeling
that a gathering for them during the Assem-
bly would mean much to them. The oppor-
tunity for such a gathering is now offered.
The committee hopes that they will respond
promptly by remittances to Blanche Austin.

MEMORIAL SERVICES FOR MISS
KIRKLAND

Tribute From President J. 1. Foust and

Address by Dr. Melton Clark on

Founder's Day

Gteensboro Daily News

Services in memory of Miss Sue May Kirk-
land, late lady principal of the State Nor-
mal and Industrial College, were held Octo-
ber 4th, in the College auditorium.

The service was attended principally by
students, alumnae and faculty. A simple
musical program of old songs was rendered,
beautiful among which was the singing by
a quartet of Tennyson 's ' ' Crossing the
Bar". President Foust presided and spoke
as follows:

' ' Since we met here one year ago to cele-
lirate the founding of this college, one who
held an important position at its opening and
who, for 22 years, exerted an influence that it

is difficult to estimate, has passed from us to
the great beyond.

"It is almost quite beyond us to fully
appreciate and understand the struggle and
hopes long deferred of President Mclver,
Miss Karkland, and the others associated with
them when they were laying' the broad and
deep foundations for a great college where
the young women of this state might be
given an opportunity to catch that larger
vision of work and of service. The atmos-
phere of this place from the time the doors
were first opened for the reception of stu-
dents to the present day has been surcharged
with a broad and liberal state pride, with
the spirit of self-sacrifice, with a devotion
to duty and with an intelligent loyalty that
is worthy of all praise. These conditions
have not come of themselves but they are
ours today because the founders of this in-
stitution planted them here. For that rea-
son I always approach this anniversary oc-
casion with a sort of deep reverence and feel
that you and I should reconsecrate ourselves
for the purpose of -making real the vision
which inspired and guided these first work-
ers. It is in this spirit and for this purpose
that we have assembled this afternoon. If
we can catch something of the fine spirit of
fidelity, of loyalty and of unfaltering faith
which characterized our departed fellow-
worker and friend it will not be in vain that
we have come together.

"I never came in contact with Miss Kirk-
land without being impressed ly her devoted
loyalty to this college and all of its interests.
It is no exaggeration to say that Miss Kirk-
land loved the Normal College. In a democ-
racy like ours there is no power which forces
any individual into a particular vocation.
And yet, after the choice has been made, un-
compromising loyalty is demanded. Her loy-
alty is not that weak kind which accepts con-
ditions without question and without reason.
She had firm and steady convictions with ref-
erence to what was best and wisest under
given circumstances. When a decision had,
however, been reached and a given policy
adopted with reference to the management of
the college, she never wavered in her deter-
mination to carry out the policy agreed npon
and adopted. She accepted it whole-heart-
edly.

"Many are the times which I have heard
her remark : ' I know we have the best body
of students in the world. They may at times
be thoughtless, they often do things that they
should not do, but at heart they are true and
sincere.' This same attitude extended to the
humblest servant on the place. She had lived
and labored in these buildings and on this
campus until everybody and everything was
not only interesting to her, but drew out her
deep and abiding sympathy.

"Not less prominent was her definite and
wholesome optimism. In this world of dis-
appointment and misunderstanding there are
those delightful spirits who make us all more
hopeful by their presence. T never conferred
with Miss Kirkland about the affairs at this
college without being helped. No matter
how gloomv the dav, she could always see
and point nut to you a ray of sunshine. This
would have been impossible if she had not
interpreted the acts of the people with whom
she came in contact charitablv and with
broad toleration. If the conduct of anv stu-

dent were capable of two interpretations she
invariably gave that student the benefit of
any doubt that might arise in her mind. Had
she adopted the opposite plan it would have
been impossible for her to have lived and
labored among and with the students with
increasing happiness from year to year. ' '

Still another characteristic referred to was
Miss Kirkland 's sympathy for young women
— a sympathy which, while not parading it-
self, always was true and quick to under-
stand. He closed with a tribute to a life
that had left such a rich inheritance for the
institution as has her own.

Dr. Melton Clark, Miss Kirkland 's pastor,
paid a brief tribute to Miss Kirkland and
expressed, too, the first spirit of helpfulness
that had touched him from her. For his
talk he chose to call before the minds of the
students their dependence upon the past,
their duty thereby and the richness of their
inheritance from such lives as the one of Miss
Kirkland.

There is no such quantity as the self-made
man or self-made woman, said Dr. Clark.
All people, no matter what their accomplish-
ments may have been, have been dependent
on the lives and deeds of people who lived
before them. Upon the sacrifices of fathers
and mothers the youth of today in the schools
are given their opportunities; upon the suf-
fering pain of their forebears they have
been brought to the high place they occupy.

Every mother has expected, too, that her
child fulfill the ideal of her heart, and every
mother, when she held her babe in her arms,
had a definite high ideal for that babe to fit
into. To secure that she labors and suffers
and endures pain and anxiety and care.

In quite a beautiful way he pictured the
future to them, when they should be called
upon to a high service, when, as the prince
awoke the princess in the legend story, they
should be awakened and move into a sphere
of wider activities and responsibilities.

This was the first of the Pounder's Day
exercises. October .5th at 11 o'clock an ad-
dress was made by President E. K. G-raham,
of the University. In the evening at 8:30
Judge Walter Clark sooke at the dedication
of the Woman's Building. The day was ob-
served as a holidav.

Alumnae Notes

Anna Meade Michaux, '92- '94, has re-
signed as supervising teacher in the Train-
ing School. She is to be married this fall
to Eev. .1. S. Williams, of Asheville.

Mrs. G. W. Alston, nee Laura .Tune King,
'92- '93, has a daughter, Marion, in the Col-
lege this year. Marion graduated at the
East Carolina Teachers' Training School last
spring. She is a most welcome addition to
our body of students. Mrs. Alston visited
the College in September. We hope to see
her here often.

Zella McCulloch Cheek, '93, called at the
College recently in company with her brother,
a teacher in Austin College, Texas.

Bertha M. Lee, '93, is spending the year
at her home in Mocksville.

Mrs. Stella Middleton Cowan, '96, spent
the summer with her sister, Mrs. Sudie Mid-
dleton Thorpe, '98, at her attractive sum-
mer home at Montreal, N. C.

ALU M N A E NEWS

Mary An-ington, '95, lias been at the
Training School this fall as supervising
teacher in one of the primary grades.

Mary Page, '94- '9.), is prinicpal of one
of the Ealeigh schools in which the following
are teachers: "Willie White, '08; Leona
Love, '05- '06; Margaret Ciirrie, '03- '06;
Annie Ft-nner, '04- '06; and Irma Carraway,
'97.

Sallie J. Davis, '96, spent some days in
Greensboro w-ith her mother at the old home
this summer. Miss Davis has completed a
home of her own in Greenville, where she
can have her mother with her much of the
time. Dr. D. L. Bryant, for so many years
a beloved member of our faculty, visited Mrs.
Davis for a week this summer. Dr. Bryant
took much interest in going over the entire
College and grounds, and expressed much
satisfaction in noting evidences of our
growth. She is teaching Physical Geography
in the Chicago City Schools. We were so
pleased to have her with us and to find her so
entirely unchanged, save that she seems
younger and more enthusiastic than ever.

We learn with great regret of the death of
Mr. E. M. Davis, of Tarboro, husband of
Emma Harris, '96.

Mrs. Walter Goodman, nee Lucy V. Brown,
'96- '98, visited her sister at the College in
September.

Mrs. B. B. Boyd, nee Ina Hobbs, '95- '98,
has moved to Mooresville since the death of
her husband. She and her children are liv-
ing near Mrs. Paschal Boyd, nee Lizzie Dial,
'95- '96.

Sallie Mclntire, "96- '97, now Mrs. .Justice,
of Teaeheys, is postmistress at her home
town.

Bessie Harding, '98, is living in Washing-
ton, N. C.

Alice E. D. Brown, '99- '00, and Fannie
Brown are teaching in Winston.

The following card was recently received
from Lucille Pugh, '99- '02: "Lucille Pugh
announces the removal of her offices to
Sixty-eight William Street, where she will
continue the general practice of the law.
Xew York. August ]5, 1914."

Alice G. Daniel, '00, spent part of her sum-
mer at Montreat.

Lelia .T. Tuttle, '00, of Shanghai, China, is
spending a year's furlough in this country.

Birdie McKinney, '01, taught Latin in our
Summer Session.

Anne Wilson, '01 -'02, is bookkeeper and
stenographer for Lowenbein, Eutenberg Co.,
of Asheville.

Bettie Tripp, '02, is spending the winter
with her mother who is in poor health.
Miss Tripp has a niece, Leta. Tripp, among
the new students at the College this fall.

The most recent addition to the list of
Normal Alumnae serving as Eural Supervis-
ors is that of Havens Carroll, '03- '05. She
is to work in Edgecombe County, with Tar-
boro as headquarters. We are sure that Miss
Carroll wiirmake a success of this work.

Ella Graham, '03- '04, is at home on fur-
lough. Her home is in Kwanju, Korea,
where she does evangelistic work among the
women. She spoke several times at the Mon-
treat Conference this summer. We hope to
have her make an address to the Normal stu-
dents this fall.

Mrs. Warren H. Stuart, nee Annie Ches-
nutt, '00- '04, of Hangchow, China, is at

home on furlough. She and her husband
made addresses at Montreat tl)is summer.
They are now in New York studying at Co-
lumbia and at Dr. White's Bible School.

Elizabeth Smith, '04- '05, has joined the
Red Cross nurses. She was nursing in Erie,
Pa., this summer.

Pearl Barnard Younce, '03- '05, sends the
following from Oregon:

"I will send you a few facts concerning
eastern Oregon. I also enclose cheek for one
dollar for my subscription to the Alumnae
News for one or two years, whatever the
price is. If the items I send are interesting
enough I would like for them to be pub-
lished in the Alumnae News. Although I
am more than three thousand miles away, I
still feel a great interest in my Alma Mater.
Eastern Oregon is a great grain and fruit
producing country. The large combine har-
vesters are used on most all of the large grain
ranches. The Corn Cob Ranch, where I live,
contains over ten thousand acres of land.
There are more than seven hundred head of
hogs on this ranch. The Duroc, .Tersey and
Berkshire hogs seem to be the most profitable
kind raised in this section of Oregon. Cat-
tle are very profitably raised. Beef cattle
average eighty and ninety dollars per head.
Cattle and sheep are raised almost entirely
on bunch grass. Corn is just beginning
to be cultivated. Stock is fed on barley,
wheat and alfalfa. You do not find many
real poor people. All have comfortable
homes and other things in proportion. We
have six months' public school in all the
school districts, and in the towns eight
and nine months. All teachers draw at
least fifty dollars per month, and a great
many get sixty and seventy dollars per
month. All certificates are first grade state
certificates, good for one, three and five
years. Teachers' institutes are held every
year for two or three weeks. Examinations
for certificates are held in June, October and
February. ' '

The Presbyterian Mission on the Congo
has a new recruit in the person of Frances
Dixon Crane, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. C. L.
Crane. Mrs. Crane was Louise Dixon, '05.
She writes that the baby was baptized along
with several little negro babies, and that she
behaved better than any of the group.

Isabelle C. "Whitted, '04- '05, spent the
summer at Montreat with her aunt, Mrs. Ear.

Oeland Washburn, '04- '06, resigned her
place as stenographer at the College to ac-
cept work at a bank in Shelby.

Mrs. Watt Richardson, nee Mary Benbow,
'06, was our near neighbor for a while this
fall, as she spent some time at the home of
her aunt, Mrs. Crawford, who lives opposite
the campus. Eobert Benbow, now quite a
boyish baby, took his daily naps under the
trees of the campus on the special invitation
of Dr. Foust.

May Ransom Williams, '05. was married
on October 7th to Mr. Hernm L. Hicks.

Mary Coffey, '05. was with us as a student
during the Summer Session.

.Tosie Dameron. '05, has a private class in
voice in Eocky Mount. She is serving also
as director of the church choir.

Tola "Wliite, '07, now Mrs. L. K. Thomp-
son, of Greensboro, has an attractive homo
on Tate Street. She enjoys a well-kept gar-
den, in which she spends part of her time.

We received good news from our workers
in the Masonic Orphanage this summer. This
was sent to President Foust :

"Again the Normal (College girls who have
work at tlie Oxford (Jrplianage for the sum-
mer wisli to let you hear from them. We are
nine strong: Misses Minnie Kimball, '01-
'03; Bessie Ives, '08; Bessie Watson, '12-
'13; Meta Liles, '06; Elizabeth Tripp, '02;
Mabel Gracber, '04; Florence .Mitchell, '13;
Koliorta Carter, '09-']2; and Carrie Grae-
ber, '06. Our college spirit is alive and
active. We had a meeting of our club the
otlier day and decided to aid, in some small
way, the girls who go from here to the
Normal College this fall. We want them to
know that our hearts are with them and that
they are going to the best ]ilace in North
(Jarolina. ' '

Mabel Howell, '07, is now a stenographer
in the office of the Agricultural Department
in Ealeigh.

Ruby Gray, '07- '10, is teaching in Salis-
bury again this year.

Blanche Austin, '07, is helping Miss Mary
O. Graham make plans for the reunion of the
Normal alumnae at the meeting of the
Teachers' Assembly in Charlotte at Thanks-
giving.

Belle Hampton, '07, is now living in Hen-
dersonville, N. C, as her family have moved
to that tow'n from Greensboro.

Mary Robinson, '07, has completed her
work for the B. S. degree at the College.

Florence Landis, '09, is teaching in
Greensboro. For the past three years she
taught at Valle Crucis.

Claude Umstead, '09, is teaching in Salis-
bury.

Sibyl Gates, '09-'!], has entered St.
.Tohn 's Hospital. Brooklyn, N. Y., to take
training as a nurse.

Emily May Redditt, '09- '10, will be mar-
ried to Mr. Wilbur H. Ross on October 28th.

Allen Hart, 'OS-']], made a visit to the
College just before the opening of the fall
session. She is teaching in Weldon.

Mary Bruner. "09-']]. is teaching in Sum-
merfield.

Mary Wood McKenzie, 'OS-']], continues
her work in Salisbury.

Mary McCulloch, '10, is studying art again
this winter.

Margaret Kerr Scott, '10-']]. sends the
following:

"It seems that I'll never get time to write
the article you wanted. .\s it is, I am going
to write you a letter telling you of my work
and letting you use that part of it which
you wish.

"First. I'll give you some general facts
concerning the work. It was started by Dr.
Seaman A. Knapp, of Washington. D. C. as
a result of several years of planning. He
had thought that the country girl had never
had a fair showing — there were organiza-
tions for the country men. women, and boys.
Imt nothing for the girls. His planning re-
sulted in the forming of Girls' Tomato Clulis.
The rules governing the work in North Caro-
lina are as follows:

"1. Girls enrolling may be from 10 to
].^ vears of age.

"2. A few older girls may be enrolled in
each club, but ninv not compete for prizes.
These women shall be subject to the
^anie rule*: and regulations governing the

ALUMNAE NEWS

gills' work. Club labels will be allowed
them only on condition that work comes up
to the standard.

"S. Each girl must plant 1-10 acre of
tomatoes, snap beans, cucumbers, or some
other garden vegetable which she is to market
Iresh, use at home, or can.

' ' 4. Girls may hire their land broken, but
are expected to do the cultivation, pruning
and canning, charging up their accounts at
ten cents an hour for all work done by them-
selves or others. Mothers' co-operation is
asked on days when the canning is too heavy
for one person.

' ' 5. Each member must keep a daily
record of her work on special blanks which
will be furnished — how long she worked, how
much fertilizer she used, how she combated
disease, etc.

•'G. Each member must read instructions
sent her and try to follow them closely.

' • 7. All money cleared on her tenth acre
is to be banked in the girl's name that she
may spend it as she will. We can learn to
spend wisely only by having money to spend.
Fathers are asked to agree to this before
girls shall be enrolled.

"Guilford was the first of the North Caro-
lina counties to have the work. The next
year, under the direction of Mr. I. O. Schaub,
who had charge of the Boys' Corn Clubs, with
Mrs. Charles McKimmon, as assistant, thir-
teen counties were organized. Alamance, my
home county,, was one of these thirteen. She
was the banner county this first year. There
were so many calls tor the work from other
counties that Mrs. McKinmion was given full
charge for the next year. The work has
grown so rapidly that she had to have a field
assistant. Because my home training and
that which 1 got at the State Normal, coupled
with my two years' experience as leader of
the Tomato Clubs in Alamance, had fitted
me for such work, I was offered the position.
' ' Since I became field assistant to Mrs.
McKimmon last November, I have visited
twenty-four of our thirty counties. In these
counties 1 have performed different duties.
]u the first I came to secure funds from the
county commissioners and the County Board
of Education for the work; in some I have
secured women to take charge of the work in
their counties; in others I have gone to the
different schools to talk to the girls and or-
ganize clubs; and in still others the visits
have been to inspect the work already done
and to give instructions.

"As 1 have said before, we have thirty
counties enrolled this year with about fifteen
hundred girls enrolled. Some of the counties
that have been in tlie work several years have
several collaborators. Miss Mary Owen Gra-
ham has charge of the work in Mecklenburg,
Miss Edna Reinhardt, State Normal, '03, in
Alamance, etc.

"We have just held a canning school in
Ealeigh, at which all the collaborators (sev-
enty-nine) were taught the best methods of
canning and preserving fruits and vegetables,
of cultivating tomatoes, etc. We had experts
in each line to talk and demonstrate their
sub.iects.

"During canning season I, with two field
agents who work during July and August, go
to each of these thirty counties and start
the girls to work. Tlie canning season has

already opened in the eastern counties. We
hope to have sixty counties enrolled next
year. Nearly every one of our counties has
asked for the work, but the funds are lim-
ited."

Moffit Sinclair, '10- '12, substituted during
August for the regular College stenographer.
She is teaching shorthand in the City Schools
of Fayetteville.

Zella Bradford, '11- '12, and her sisters
spent the summer at the Boyd Cottage at
Montreal.

Grace Eaton, '12, and Dora Coats, '12,
attended our Summer Session.

Elizabeth Camp, '10- '12, has entered the
training course tor nurses at the Grady Hos-
pital, Atlanta, Ga.

Lola Taylor, '10- '12, writes from Wichita,
Kansas :

' ■ 1 am still with my work and enjoy it as
much as i did at first. I have served my
term in the diet kitchen and I am now on
night duty.

■ ' 1 had a letter from Alverda Caudill and
she is keeping house for her aunt who is ill.
Alverda wrote me once that she was thinking
of attending the summer school at the Nor-
mal.

' ' There is quite an excitement here in
Kansas this year over harvesting. It is the
first real good crop the farmers have had for
a few years, and everybody is interested.
The town is full of harvest hands, but the
farmers are coming in for them. I do not
get my vacation until harvest is over. I get
my vacation in August, from the tenth to the
twenty -fourth, and think I shall spend most
of the two weeks with a friend in Oklahoma.
All of us girls get our vacation when we ask
for it. Our new hospital will soon be fin-
ished and then we will have fifty girls. We
only have twenty-eight girls now."

Mary K. Brown, '12; Jane Summerell, '10;
Willie White, '08; Hattie Burch, '12; Winnie
McWhorter, '10, attended the Summer Ses-
sion at Columbia University.

Alfreda Pittard, '10- '12, is teaching at
St. Pauls again this winter.

Janie Lee Hart, '11- '13, taught at Manteo
the past year.

Mary Louise Brown, '10, assisted in the
institute work in Roxboro this summer.

Clara Lambe Craven, '10, is at home at
■103 N. Road St., Elizabeth City, N. C.

Fannie Higgins, '10- '13, is teaching in a
two-teacher school near Weaverville.

Leah Boddie, '12, is resting this winter
from her teaching. She is at home in Dur-
ham.

We are sorry to learn that Annie M. Cher-
ry, '12, had typhoid fever this summer.

Nettie Fleming, '12, is teaching in Wil-
mington.

Mary K. Van Poole, '12, is spending the
winter in Salisbury at her home.

Alice T. Morrison, '12, was married on
June 24th to Rev. Edmund Lucien Malone,
of Gadsden, Alabama. Mr, Malone is rec-
tor of the Episcopal Church in Gadsden.

Fay Davenport, '12, after graduating from
the Physical Education Department at Wel-
lesley, has accepted work in Wisconsin.

Lucy Hamilton, '12. is now Mrs. G. C.
Little, of Newton.

Jamie Bryan, '12, is teaching in High
Point.

Kate Styron, '12, had planned to spend
the winter at Teachers' College studying for
her degree. We regret to learn that her
father suffered a stroke of paralysis recently.
This illness made it necessary for Miss Sty-
ron to resume her teaching this winter, and
to postpone her work at Columbia to a later
date.

Hattie Burch, '12, is now a regular stu-
dent at Columbia University. She is thor-
oughly enjoying her work.

Lucille Elliott, Mary K. Brown and Mar-
garet Johnson, all of 1912, are teaching in
the Salisbury schools and are boarding at
the home of Johnsie Coif, '97- '99.

Rose and Lily Batterham, '11, have a sis-
ter, Margaret, in College this fall.

Nellie Maxwell, '11-'12, taught in Cum-
berland County last year.

We regreat to learn of the continued ill
health of Phoebe Higgins, '09-'12.

Margaret Stevenson, '12- '13, taught in
lotla State High School in Macon County,
last year.

Cassie Goodson, '11- '12, is now Mrs.
Nicholas Pace, of Kittrell.

Janey Mitchell, '11-'13, taught in Wood-
ard, N. C, last year.

Corinna Mial, '13, taught French in our
Summer Session.

Nell Johnston, '13, is teaching in Salis-
bury.

Mazie McLean, '12- '13, is teaching at
Eagle Springs this year.

Louise Gill, '12, attended Trinity com-
mencement to witness her brother 's gradua-
tion this spring.

Sadie Graver, 'll-']2, is now Mrs. B. F.
Sink, of Mt. Jackson, Va.

Carrie Toomer, '13, is dietitian at the
.James Walker Hemorial Hospital in Wil-
mington.

Annie Scott, '14, has entered the Woman's
Medical College of Philadelphia as a student.
Annie Bostian, '14, is teaching the second
grade in Salisbury. She writes that a very
successful county institute was held in
Salisbury in August. Supt. A. T. Allen and
Miss Bernice Turner, '03- 'OS, were the con-
ductors.

Laura Anderson, '12- '14, was married this
summer to Mr. Farthing, of Durham.

Gertrude Zachary, '07- '13, reports an in-
teresting school year in these lines : ' ' In-
deed 1 am very glad to know that you had a
successful commencement. I always watch
the newspapers for reports from the College
and I have enjoyed reading about the last
commencement very much. The Alumnae
News has also been a great pleasure to me
this winter. My work, too, has been very
interesting. As you know, I taught in Bla-
den County in a section where little educa-
tional work has been done. For several
years previous to the school year of 1913-
1914, the public fund had been used to run a
school for a few families in the neighborhood
and the children who most needed help had
been crowded out. I had the privilege of or-
ganizing the first Woman 's Betterment Asso-
ciation ever formed in the district and the
second one in the county. Although this
Association had only a few members, it ac-
complished helpful improvements for the chil-
dren, and furnished the community with its
first example of organized effort for neigh-

ALUMNAE NEWS

uorhood advancement. The greatest improve-
ment which the members of the Association
made was to place a pump on the school
grounds, thereby preventing the necessity of
the children using water from a surface
spring, as they had always had to do. Broken
stove-pipes and window-panes were replaced
by new ones. An excellent blackboard was
put in the school house. The Association
donated enough money to secure the State
and county appropriations for a rural library.
Several other improvements were also made
in the grounds, and a substantial sum of
money placed in the local bank to the credit
of the Betterment Association for the fur-
ther benefit of the children. The pupils
were eager to learn. There was not one of
them that did not show the results of a more
or less earnest endeavor at the close of
school. Let me say right here that no child
was forced away. I taught a puhlic school
— much to the disgust and chagrin of two
committeemen. Some of the children had to
travel over a road that would make our
worst mountain highway look like a boule-
vard.

"The mountains are beautiful now, cov-
ered as they are with laurel blossoms."

Bertha Stanbury, '14, is assistant in the
mathematics department at the College.

Iris Holt, '14; Ethie Garrett, '14, and Lil-
lian Hunt, '14, are teaching in High Point.

Anne Watkins, '14, had a delightful visit
to Texas this summer. She is teaching in
Wadesboro this fall. '

Mary Baldwin Mitchell, '09, and Fannie
Starr Mitchell, '14, are teaching in Waynes-
ville. They, with their mother, are keeping
house in that beautiful mountain town, and
are enjoying the family reunion. They are
much missed from our College circle.

Sallie Boddie, '14. is teaching Domestic
Science in the Pomona Schools. She looks
in upon us often, and is always welcome.

THE PLACE OF THE WOMA^'S COL-
LEGE IN AHERICAN EDUCATION

[ Continued from page .3 ]

nal culture. Xot all persons who go to
church and Sunday school, read the Bible
and sing psalms are spiritually well trained
:iny more than are all holders of college de-
grees perfectly equipped for life. Tn both
cases the educational machinery, the organ-
ized group of learners, the means of develop-
ment arc provided: the teacher, the wisdom
books, the contact with helpful personalities;
but there must be found the quickening
spirit in the churches and in the colleges,
and the responsive spirit in the disciple and
tiif student in order to produce both spirit-
ual and intellectual power and practical effi-
ciency in the individual against the time
when he shall be called to apply his spiritual
or his mental- training to life.

A certain writer upon the spirit of the uni-
versity once said: "An institution which
stakes its whole pow-er and credit in society
upon refinement and intelligence not evinced
in any one particular form of efficiency will
inevitably disappear more and more from
connection with a world of flesh and blood
into a kindred cloudland of unrealities and
abstractions. "

For obvious reasons, I have not attempted
to construct an ideal curriculum wliii'h should
lead to the bachelor's degree, but I have at-
tempted to explain the true functiim of the
college as distinguished from the uuiversity
and the technical scliool, as I understand it,
and to review the present tendencies in ad-
.iusting the college curriculiun both for men
and for women to meet the needs of modern
life, with some comment upon the success of
the old regime. I have tried to show that
the aim of collegiate training is not to equip
for the pursuits that "pay", but rather to
fit for the life callings of parenthood, teach-
ing and social service by educating the min<l
rather than the fingers and by develojiing
sanity of judgment, breadth of vision, cour-
age and power to grapple with problems
which must after all be solved largely by the
few fortunate but responsible men and wo-
men, who, by a slow, steady sifting process
from childhood to maturity have been found
worthy to enter into these high vocations.
This may seem to you ideal rather than prac-
tical, but I firmly believe that unless the col-
leges realize that their A. B. degree mu-t
represent not merely hours of time and bal-
anced grouping of subjects, but dynamic
teaching of these subjects, a college diploma
will have no more value for life than it has
for commerce. "It is the letter that killeth
but it is the spirit giveth life. ' '

AMERICAN SAMOA

The following sketch was sent for the
Alumnae News at the request of the editors
by Mrs. A. M. Noble, nee Ella Myatt, '04-
'05:

About thirteen and one-half degrees south
of the equator, under sunny, tropical skies,
is a group of islands known, collectively, as
Samoa or Navigator 's Islands. Very little
is know:n of these islands by people living
within the bounds of the United States, ytt
more than half of them are owned and
governed by Uncle Sam.

There are ten distinct islands, exclusive of
knolls and islets, comprising the group. The
two largest, IIpolu and Savaii, and two
smaller islands, Manono and Apolina, belong
to Germany and are known as German Samoa.
Rose Island, Aunuu, Manua (which embraces
three islands), and Tutuila, belong to the
United States, and are known as American
Samoa. It is of the latter group tliat this
short article will deal.

All of these islands, but one, are of vol-
canic formation, and are very motmtainous,
some peaks rising to an altitude of more than
2,000 feet. Dense, tropical vegetation covers
the mountains and almost entirely furnishes
food supplies for the many semi-civilized,
copper colored natives.

Rose Island, the smallest of the group, is
a barren, coral knoll, entirely uninhabited,
save by a variety of species of sea-fowls,
which build their nests in the sand.

Aunuu, the next smallest, contains between
five and six hundred acres, most of which
is rich, fertile soil. There is only one vil-
lage on the island, with a population of 17.5
natives. Not a single white person lives on
this island. The natives of this village have
the distinction of producing the finest taros

raised in Samoa. The oranges and bananas
from this island are among the best to be
found in the entire group.

The three islands known as Manua are,
Ofu, Ulesega and Manua. They are in close
proximity, being separated only by a narrow
channel of water, which the natives easily
ford during low tide. It is here that about
2,000 happy, indigent natives make their
home, and enjoy the blessings that nature
has provided for tliem, in their nnmolestetl
primitive state.

The largest and most important island of
the group under the American flag, is
Tutuila. Being eighteen miles in length,
and from five to six miles wide at the widest
part, it comprises about fifty square miles of
territory. It contains the beautiful and ex-
cellent harbor of Pago Pago, by far the
finest in the South Seas. This basin-shaped
harbor is completely lank locked, and pre-
sents wonderful scenery, being entirely sur-
rounded by lofty, verdant mountains, that
rise almost perpendicular from the water's
edge to a height of 1,600 feet. There is
ample room for any one of the American
fleets to anchor safely within these placid
waters. It is on the banks of this harbor
that the United States has established an ex-
tensive naval and coaling station. One man-
of-war, with a full complement of men and
officers, is stationed here at all times. The
commander of the station ship is governor of
the islands and officially the head of the
•Samoan government. Including the inhabi-
tants of all the islands, American Samoa has
a population of 7,000 natives, .SOO half-castes
and 200 whites.

Mrs. G. S. Praps, nee Ellen Saunders,
1898, sends an interesting letter from her
home in College Station, Texas. Mrs. Fraps
lives on the campus of the Texas Agricul-
tural and Mechanical College, as her husband
is connected with the college as State Chem-
ist:

' ' Our college life is very pleasant. We
are five miles from Bryan, the nearest town.
A trolley runs between Bryan and the col-
lege, and the college children go to Bryan
to school. * We have to do all our shopping
in Bryan, as there are no stores on the cam-
pus. All the professors live on the campus
in homes belonging to the state. We have
a very pleasant time together. There is an
afternoon Five Hundred Club and a Bridge-
Club, both of which meet once a week, also
a Married Ladies' Dancing Club. There is
also a Ivceum course, foot ball, baseball,
track meet, and a moving picture show every
vSaturday afternoon. There are between eight
and nine hundred cadets here at present. We
have had as many as a thousand. I wish you
could see the beautiful wild flowers of Texas.
I never saw- anything like them. There are
whole fields of the same kind of flowers —
blue bonnets. Indian blankets, and others.
The buildings are very pretty. The new main
building, which cost .$22.5.000.00, has just
been completed. Another pretty building
is the new mess hall. The cadets have band
music by which they march to their meals.
Dr. Fraps is the State Chemist. He does
not teach at all, but his book, which was
published last sunnner, on "The Principles of
.Agricultural Chemistry', is being used in
thi-i rollegc. "

ALUMNAE NEWS

THE NORTH CAROLINA

i state Normal and Industrial College I

Culture Scholarship Service Self- Support

offers to Women a Liberal Education, Equipment for Womanly Service,
Professional Training for Remunerative Employment

Five well-planned courses leading to degrees in Arts,
Science, Pedagogy, Music, and Home Economics.

Special courses in Pedagog)'; in Manual Arts; in Do-
mestic Science, Household Art and Economics; in Music;
and in the Commercial Branches.

Teachers and Graduates of other colleges provided for
in both regular and special courses.

Equipment modern, including furnished dormitories,
library, laboratories, literary society halls, gymnasium,
music rooms, teachers' training school, infirmary, model
laundry, central heating plant, and open air recreation
grounds.

Dormitories furnished by the State. Board at actual
cost. Expenses — board, laundry, tuilion, and text-books
— $195.00 a year. Tuition free to those who pledge
themselves to become teachers.

Fall Term Opened in September

Summer Term Begins in June

For catalogue and other information, address

JULIUS I. FOUST, President, Greensboro, N. C.

;„r„;..%.«„vt.AA

HOOK & ROGERS

ARCHITECTS

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Booksellers : Stationers : Office Outfitters

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NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS

Greensboro and Pomona : North Carolina

JOS. J. STONE & CO.
printers
Binders

GREENSBORO, N. C.

THREE CHEERS FOR
ROCKINQHAM

There was an enthusiastic meeting of the
Normal girls in Eoekingham County at Went-
■vTorth, August 20, 191i.

The meeting was called to order by the
President, and Miss Mary Gwynn was asked
to act as Secretary pro tem.

Miss Janie Stacey stated the object of the
meeting, viz. : That ive had gathered for
the purpose of diseusing plans for the com-
ing year, especially of raising money for the
Mclver Loan Fund. After much discussion
it was decided to adopt the plan of having
an entertainment which is to be worked up
by the various towns next summer and be
given at the Teachers' Summer School at
Wentworth.

E

NGRAVED VISITING CARDS
and WEDDING INVITATIONS

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steel Die Embossed Stationery
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SAMPLES AND PRICES ON APPLICATION

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RALEIGH, IT. C.

SPECIAL TO TEACHERS

DURING the past three years we have located
our members in 81 .^itates. Our patrons include
the best schools and collepres through the south-
west. We locate a large number of the State Nor-
mal Alumnae. Information foy the asking.

SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL BUREAU

RALEIQH, NORTH CAROLINA

THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE OF
AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS

THE STATE'S

INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE

FOR MEN

Courses offered in Agriculture and allied sciences ;
in Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering ; in
Textile Arts ; and in Industrial Chemistry.

FOR C.\TALOGl'ES, ADDRESS

E. B. OWEN, Registrar.

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"Ideas are worth more than acres, and
the possesor of ideas will always hold in
financial bondage those whose chief posses-
sion is acres of land." — Charles D. Mclver.