America in the World War :"America fore".

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AMERICA

^ ^ in the m ^ r^

WORLD WAR

m W Ps

'AMERICA FORE"

Compliments of

FIDELITY-PHENIX

FIRE INSURANCE CO. OF NEW YORK

Cash Capital

$2,500,000

HENRY EVANS, President

Home Office Pacific Coast Dept. Western Dept.

80 Maiden Lane Insurance Exchange BIclg. 137 So. La Salle St.
New York San Francisco Chicago

Walter Qinton Jackson Library

The University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Special Collections & Rare Books

World War I Pamphlet Collection

S^.^.^0

'AMERICA FORE"

• • •

Thomas Jefferson

As Secretary of State, in 1793

Said of Navigation-.

"Its value as a branch of industry
is enhanced by the dependence of
so many other branches upon it.

*'In times of general peace it mul-
tiplies competitors for employment
in transportation, and so keeps that
at its proper level ; and in times of
war, that is to say, when those na-
tions who may be our principal car-
riers shall be at war with each other,
if we have not within ourselves the
means of transportation, our pro-
duce must be exported in belliger-
ent vessels, at the increased expense
of war freight and insurance, and
the articles which will not bear that
must perish on our hands."

■¥■•¥■•¥■

Victory in the World War will find
the United States touching the oppor-
tunity to carry her fair and full share of
the World's Trade. To grasp that op-
portunity, the Nation must be prepared
in all things — shipping, banking and in-
surance particularly. American goods,
in American vessels, protected by Amer-
ican insurance for American progress —
that is the essence of our doctrine of

"AMERICA FORE"

Copyrijcht i91S, by Fire Companies Building Corporation

AMERICA

• • m the jf •

WORLD WAR

From President Wilson's INIount Vernon Independence
Day address :

"Tlie Past and tlie Present are in deadly grapple and the
peoples of the world are being done to death between them.

"There can be but one issue. The settlement must be
final. There can be no compromise. No halfway decisioji
would be tolerable. No halfway, decision is conceivable.
These are the ends for which the associated peoples of the
world are lighting and which must be conceded tliem before
there can be peace :

"I. — The destruction of every arbitrary power anywhere
that can sei^arately. secretly and of its single choice disturl)
the peace of the world ; or, if it cannot be ipresently de-
stroyed, at the least its reduction to virtual impotence.

"II. — The settlement of every question, whether of terri-
tory, or of sovereignty, of economic arrangement, or of
political relationsliip, iipon the basis of the free acceptance
of that settlement by the people immediately concerned, and
not upon the basis of the material interest or advantage of
any other nation or people which may desire a different
settlement for the sake of its own exterior influence or
mastery.

"III. — The consent of all nations to be governed in their
conduct toward each other by the same principles of honor
and of respect for the common law of civilized society that
govern the individual citizens of all modern States in their
relations with one another, to the end that all promises and
covenants may be sacredly observed, no private plots or
conspiracies hatched, no selfish injuries wrought with im-
punity, and a nuitual trust established upon a handsome
foundation of a mutual respect for right.

"IV — The establishment of an organization of peace which
shall make it certain that the combined power of free na-
tions will check every invasion of right and serve to make
peace and justice the more secure by affording a definite
tribunal of opinion to which all must submit and by which
every international readjustment that cannot be amicably
agreed upon by the peoples directly concerned shall be sanc-
tioned.

"These great objects can be put into a single sentence.
What we seek is the reign of law, based upon the consent
of the governed and sustained by the organized opinion of
mankind.

"These great ends cannot be achieved by debating and
seeking to reconcile and accommodate what statesmen may
wish, with their projects for balances of power and of
national opportunity.

"They can be realized only by the determination of what
the thinking peoples of the world desire, with their long-
ing hope for justice and for social freedom and opportunity."
* * *

From President Wilson's Red Cross address :

"There are two duties with which we are face to face. The
first duty is to win the war, and the second duty, that goes
hand in hand with it, is to win it greatly and worthily.

Insurance is Essential 1

1

FIDELITY-PHENIX

showing the real quality of our power not only, but the
real quality of our purpose and of ourselves.

"I have heard gentlemen recently say that we must get
five million men ready. Why limit it to five million?

"I have asked the Congress of the United States to name
no limit, because the Congress intends, I am sure, as we
all intend that every ship that can carry men or supplies
shall go laden upon every voyage with every man and every
supply she can carry.

"And we are not to be diverted from the grim purpose of
winning the war by any insincere approaches upon the sub-
ject of peace. I can say with a clear conscience that I have
tested those intimations and have found them insincere. I
now recognize them for what they are, an opportunity to
have a free hand, particularly in the East, to carry out
purposes of conquest and exploitation.

"Every proposal with regard to accommodation in the
West involves a reservation with regard to the East. Now,
so far as I am concerned, I intend to stand by Russia as
well as France.

"For the glory of this war, my fellow citizens, insofar
as we are concerned, is that it is, perhaps for the first time
in history, an unselfish war.

"I could not be proud to fight for a selfish purpose, but
I can be proud to fight for mankind.

"If they wish peace, let them come forward through
accredited representatives and lay their terms on the table.
We have laid ours and they know what they are."

Men

Secretary of War Baker announces :

American troops sent overseas numbered 1,019,115 on
July 1, 1918. Of this number approximately 700,000 are
fighting troops.

1917 Transported 1918 Transported

May 1,718 January . > 46,776

June . .• 12,261 February 48,027

July 12,988 March 83,81 1

August 18,323 April 117,212

September 32, .523 May 244,34.5

October 38,259 .Tune 276,372

November 23,016 Marines 14,644

December 48,840

AGGREGATING 1,019,115

m * *

General March, Chief of Staff, said that American troops
actually on the fighting lines in Europe about .July 1 num-
bered 251,000 and that American troops now abroad exceed
1,253,000. American fighting men have been sent to Italy

from France.

* * *

Representative Caldwell, of New York, an Administration
member of the Military Committee, made the following
statement to the House, letting it be understood that the
facts contained in his speech relating to accomplishments to
date had been submitted to the War Department for ap-
proval :

"We have made mistakes. But America has done more
in less time than any of our allies in preparation. She has
raised a greater army in less time, and now heads a greater
section on the lines, transporting her forces 3,000 miles
across infested seas, than England was capable of doing in
twelve months across a 30-mile channel. I submit the fol-
lowing figures as to our fighting forces to-day (May, 1918) :

Encourages Fire Prevention

i

FIRE INSURANCE CO.

Officers Men Total

Regular army 10.295 504,677 514,972

Reserve forces 78.282 78,560 156,842

National Guard 16,906 411,952 428,858

National Army 33.894 510,962 544,856

Special dut.v 8,951 8,951

April draft 150,000 150,000

May draft 233,743 233,743

Totals 148,328 1,889,894 2,038,222

* « *

Through the registration of men who have become 21
years old since June 5, 1917, 744,865 draftable men have
been secured. In addition to these, the men made available
for military service are by classes :

Class 1 2,428,729

Class 2 509,666

Class 3 427.870

Class 4 3.483,326

Class 5 1,839,856

Total 8,689,447

* * *

That the draft ages will be extended to men below 21
and over 31 by Congress appears now assured. It has been
estimated that, if 18 to 45 are the ages decided on, about
7,000,000 men will be added to the available military forces.

* * *

A recent issue of Forbes Magazine gives the present avail-
able military forces of the warring nations, from which the
following is compiled :

THE ENTENTE POWERS CENTRAL POWERS

Nation Armies 'Nation Armies

France 2,604,000 Germany 5,541,800

Great Britain 2,580,000 Austria 2,164,100

British Colonials 535,000 Turkey 500.000

I'nited States (latest Bulgaria 150,000

figure) 2,038,222

Italy 1,250,000

Total 9,007,222 Total 8,355.900

MAN POWER OF CENTRAL POWERS COMPARED WITH THAT
OF THE ALLIES.

Estimated

Estimated available for
Associated Population, males 18-44 military service

Governments 1914. inclusive, of all kinds —

1914. 70 per cent

A. B. of B.

Australia 5,000,000 850,000 595,000

Canada 7,500,000 1,275,000 892,500

France 39,000,000 6,630,000 4,640,000

(ireat Britain 46,000,000 7,820,000 5,474,000

India 320,000,000 54,400.000 37,800,000

Italy 36,000,000 6,120,000 4,284,000

Japan 54,000.000 8,180,000 1,390,000

New Zealand 1,200.000 204,000 142,800

Portugal 6,000,000 1,020,000 714,000

Serbia 2.800,000 476,000 333,200

South Africa 6,000,000 1,020.000 714,000

United States 100,000,000 17,000,000 11,900,000

Total 623,500,000 104,995,000 68,879,500

Central Powers

.\ustria-Hungary 51,000.000 9,360,000 6,500,000

Bulgaria 4,750,000 800,000 560,000

(Jermany (continental) 68,000,000 12,850,000 9,000,000

Ottoman Empire 18,500,000 3,300,000 2,300,000

Total 142,250,000 26,310,000 18,360,000

* * *

Secretary Daniels announced July 23 the following figures
for the various branches of the Naval Service, which has
passed the half-million mark ;

As an Act of Patriotism 3

FIDELITY-PHENIX

Enlisted Men Officers Total

Regular Navy 209,831 9,327 219,158

Naval Reserve Force 203,720 15,846 219,566

ivlarine Corps 56,545 1,918 58,463

Coast Guard 6,377 228 6,605

Totals 476,473 27,319 503,792

The National Naval Volunteers, composed of 785 officers
and 14.028 enlisted men, have been combined with the Naval

Reserve Force.

* * *

Secretary of the Interior Lane advocates reserving of
farm lands for returning soldiers :

"I believe the time has come when we should give thought
to the preparation of plans for providing opportunity for
our soldiers returning from the war. To the great number
of returning soldiers land will offer the great and funda-
mental opportunity. The experience of wars points out
the lesson that our service men. because of Army life, with
its openness and activit.v, will largely seek out-of-doors
vocations and occupations. This fact is accepted by the
allied European nations. That is why their programs
and policies of relocating and readjustment emphasize the
opportunities on the land for the returning soldier. The
question then is ''Wliat land can be made available for faiin
homes for our soldiers?' While we do not have that match-
less domain of 'G5, we do have millions of acres of unde-
veloped lands that can be made available for our home-
coming soldiers. We have arid lands in the West ; cut-over
lands in the Northwest, Lake States and South ; and also
swamp lands in the Middle West and South, which can be
made available through the proper development. Much of
this land can be made suitable for farm homes if properly
handled.

"There are certain tendencies which we ought to face
frankly in our consideration of a policy for land to the
home-comuig soldier. First, the drift to farm tenancy. The
experience of the world shows, without question, that the
happiest people, the best farms, and the soundest political
conditions are found where the farmer owns the home and
the farm lands. The growth of tenancy in America shows
an increase of 32 per cent for the 20 years between 1890
and 1910. Second, the drift to urban life. In 1880 of the
total population of the United States, 29.5 per cent of our
people resided in cities and 70.5 per cent in the country.
At the census of 1910, 46.3 per cent resided in cities and
53.7 per cent remained in the country. This is an imme-
diate duty. It will be too late to plan for these things
when the war is over. This plan does not contemplate
anything like charity to the soldier. He is not to be given
a bounty. He is not to be made to feel that he is a depend-
ent. On the contrary, he is to continue, in a sense, in the
service of the Government. Instead of destroying our ene-
mies, he is to develop our resources."

Money

U. S. WAR BONDS AUTHORIZED BY EACH BOND ACT.

Amount of Bonds
First Liberty Bond Act of April 24, 1017, as Autliorized
amended by the second Liberty Bond act of

Sept. 24, 1917 $2,000,000,000

Second Liberty Bond act as of Sept. 24, 1917 7,538,945,460

Third Liberty Bond act of April 4. 19IS 4,461,0.54,540

Fourth Liberty Bond act of .lune, 1918 8,000,000,000

Total $22,000,000,000

One of the Strongest

FIRE INSURANCE CO.

UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL APPROPRIATIONS

For the Fiscal Years Begrinning June 30, 1917, and Ending June

30, 1919 — (Cents Omitted).

Total fiscal years

Year ended Year ended June 30, 1917 to

June 30, 1919 June 30, 1918 June 30, 1919

Army $12,087, 800, t)^0 $8,912,179,191 $20,999,980,151

Navv 1,607,468,416 1,876,691,866 3,4?=^ Mt^'0,'282

Fortifications .. 5,437,814.113 56,646,593 5,494.J'^0.706

Shipping 2,500,000,000 1,889,517,500 4,389,517,500

Operation of rail-
roads 500,000,000 500,000,000

War Finance

Corporation . . 500,200.000 500.200.000

Loans to Allies. 3,000,000,000 7,000,000,000 10,000,000,000
Food Production

& Conservation 27,875,353 162.500,000 190 -^-5 ".TS

Aviation 640,000,000 040,000,000

Pensions, Insur-
ance, Interest
and all other

expenses 4,130,082,932 613,195,790 4,743,278,722

Grand Totals. $29,791,241,774 $21,150,730,940 $50,941,972,714

* * *

$50,000,000,000!

Value of two years' entire manufactured products of the
United States;

Twice the amount the United States Government spent
from the first day of its foundation down to the end
of 1917, during all the wars and all the times of peace ;

Over twice the value of all exports of merchandise since
the European war began ;

Equivalent to $2500 for every family in the United States ;

Sixteen times the total amount of gold in the United States,
and over five times the amount of gold in the world ;

Ten times the aggregate amount of money in circulation in
the United States ;

More than twice the total deposits in all United States
National banks ;

About three times the total value of all United States rail-
roads ;

Enough to pay for 130 Panama Canals ;

If equally distributed every human being In the world

would receive $30.

* * *

The United States Government is spending approximately
$50,000,000 a day for the prosecution of the war, according
to figures made public by the Treasury Department. In-
cluding funds paid out for the redemption of Government
securities, interest payments and retirement of national
bank and Federal reserve notes, a total of more than
$2,719,000,000 was spent during the' first twenty-six days
of the new fiscal year. This includes approximately $1,290,-
OoCOOO disbursed for exclusive war purposes.

Food

In January. 1918, Mr. Hoover, U. S. Food Administrator,
cabled Lord Rhondda, British Food Controller :

"On January 1 we sent you the last of the surplus of
the 1917 wheat harvest. All the wheat we can send between
January and September must come from the savings of our
people."

Upon receipt of this message, Lord Rhondda said : "The
war is over ; we are beaten."

The surplus of wheat shipped up to January 1, 1918,
from the 1917 wheat harvest was 20,000,000 bushels. By the

American Companies

FIDELITY-PHENIX

first of September, 1918, there will have been landed on the
other side of the Atlantic not less than 170,000,000 bushels
of wheat, or wheat products. Of this amount 150,000,000
bushels Is directly attributable to the voluntary savings of

the people of America.

* ♦ *

The Food Administration, in a letter to President Wilson,
summarizes the shipment of foodstuffs during the fiscal year
ending .June 30, 1918, for the Allied and American armies,
the civilian populations, the Belgian Relief and the Red
Cross. The figures indicate the measure of effort by the
American people to support Allied food supplies.

The total value of food shipments amounted roundly to
$1,400,000,000. Shipments of meats and fats (including
meat products, dairy products, vegetable oils, etc.) to Allied
destinations were as follows :

Pounds

Fiscal year 1916-17 2,166,500,000

Fiscal year 1917-18 3,011,100,000

Increase 844,600,000

Increase in shipments is due to conservation and the
extra weight of animals added by our farmers.

In cereals and cereal products reduced to terms of cereal
bushels, our shipments to Allied destinations have been :

Bushels

Fiscal year 1916-17 259,900,000

Fiscal year 1917-18 340,800,000

Increase 80,900,000

It is interesting to note that since the urgent request of
the Allied Food Controllers early in the year for a further
shipment of 75,000,000 bushels from our 1917 wheat than
originally planned, we shall have shipped to Europe or have
en route, nearly 85,000,000 bushels. At the time of this re-
quest our surplus was already more than exhausted. This
accomplishment of our people in this matter stands out
even more clearly if we bear in mind that we had available
in the fiscal year 1916-17 from net carry-over and as surplus
over our normal consumption about 200,000,000 bushels of
wheat which we were able to export that year without

trenching on our home loaf.

* * *

EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES

Year endlnff

Fiscal year ending June 30 Dec. 31

FOOD 1914 1915 1916 1917

Wheat bu. 92,393.775 259,642,543 173,274.015 106,202,318

$ 87.953,456 333,552,226 215,532,681 245,6.33,541

Wheat flour bbls, 11,821,461 16,182,765 15,520.669 13,919,604

$ 54,4.54,175 94,869,343 87..347,805 138,430,40'-^

Canned Salmon lbs. 87,7.50,920 83,446,116 152,951,962 95,691,164

$ 7,999,293 9,072.083 15,0.32.497 12,653,776

Canned Beef $ 461,901 11,973,530 9,.353,450 18,315.144

Fresh Beef $ 788,793 21.731.633 28,886.115 31,426,362

Bacon lbs. 193,964,252 346,718,227 579.808.T86 578.228,053

,$ 25,879,0.56 47,326,129 78,615.616 122,700,356

Hams lbs. 165,881,791 203,701,114 282.208.611 243.386.814

$ 23,767,447 29,049,931 40,803.022 54.044,798

Crondensed Milk $ 1,341,140 3,066,642 12,404,384 51, .322.399

robaeco Leaf $ 53,903,336 44,479,890 52,813,252 45,541,112

Supplies

Secretary Baker wrote to the President that the supplies
and equipment in France for the million men who have
gone is shown by latest reports to be adequate, and added
that "the output of our war industries in this country is
showing marked improvement in practically all lines of
necessary equipment and^ supply."

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FIRE INSURANCE CO.

Summary of the development of the military establish-
ment in the fifteen months since Congress declared war
against the Imperial German Government, by Secretary
Baker :

"1. — Since April 6th. 1917 the Army has increased, in 14
months from 9,524 officers and 202.510 enlisted men to ap-
proximately 500.400 officers and 2.010,000 enlisted men.

"2. — Supplies for soldiers :

HARDWARE AND METALS

Articles and Unit Quantity/

Hammers, each 2,567,000

Axes, each 5,121.729

Files, each 10,870,000

VEHICLES AND HARNESS

Halters, each 1,700,000

Escort wagons 120,000

Combat wagons 26,000

ANIMALS.

Horses and mules 339,593

CLOTHING AND MATERIAL FOR CLOTHING

Shoes, pairs 27,249,000

Boots ( rubber, hip) , pairs 2,340,000

Overshoes (arctic), pairs ■ 4.010.000

Cotton undershirts, each 43.922.000

Denim cloth, yards 103,028,000

Stockings (wool) , pairs 104, ."{ys, 000

"3. — Health of men in cantonments:

"The deaths per thousand from all causes in the regular
army of the United States have been as follows :

1898 1900 1901 1916

20.14 7.78 6.90 5.13

"The death rate per 1,000 among all troops, regular,
national army and national guard — in the United States
for the week ending June 7, 1918 was 4.14.

"Hospital accommodations : The bed capacity on June 5
in all department hospitals in the United States was 72,667.
New construction now under way will provide for a total
of 87..344 beds. The number of base and general hospitals
in this country has increased from 7 to 72, and will be
further increased. Vast hospital facilities have been or-
ganized and are being organized in France. The number
of oflicers in the Medical Corps has increased from 900 to
24,000 ; the number of enlisted men from 8,000 to 148,000.

"4. — Transportation in France :

"With the completion of the organization of five new
regiments and 19 battalions of railway engineers, there will
be over 45,000 Americans engaged in railroad construction
and operation in France. Nine regiments of railway engi-
neers have been in France since last August. There have
been produced for the railroad operations of the War De-
patrment in France more than 22,000 standard-gauge and
60 cm. freight cars, and more than 1(500 standard-gauge
and 60 cm. locomotives. A double line of railroad communi-
cation has been secured from the French by army engineers,
extending from the coast of France to the battlefront, in-
cluding the construction of hundreds of miles of trackage
for yards and the necessary sidings, switches, etc.

"5. — Aircraft production (training planes, bombing planes,
combat planes, and guns therefor ; and production of Lib-
erty engines) :

"Deliveries of elementary training planes to June 8 — 4,495.

"Deliveries of advanced training planes to June 8 — 820.

"To June 8, 286 combat planes were delivered.

"6,880 elementary training engines were delivered to June
8 ; 2,133 advanced training engines were delivered to same

Through Responsible Agents

FIDELITY-PHENIX

date. More than 2,000 Liberty engines have now been
delivered to tbe army and navy.

"37,250 machine guns were delivered for use on airplanes
before June 8.

"6. — Rifles and ammunition :

"More than 1,300,000 rifles were produced in America and
delivered between the declaration of war and June 1 of this
year.

"Deliveries of new United States model 1917, the so-called
modified Enfield, have passed the million mark. Suflicient
rifles are being received now to equip an army division
every three days.

"7. — Ordnance supplies, artillery, Browning guns. etc. :

"As to machine guns, heavy Browning guns for instruction
purposes are in every national guard camp and national
army cantonment in this country where troops are training.
During May more than 900 of these heavy machine guns
were delivered. More than 1,800 light Browning machine
guns were delivered in May.

"Sixteen plants had to be provided for the manufacture
of mobile artillery cannon. Artillery program is now ap-
proaching a point where quantity production is beginning.

"The first of four Government-owned shell-fitting plants
has been completed and is beginning to produce. In addi-
tion a number of private plants are at work loading shells.

"Ordnance engineers, it seems, are well on the way to a
solution of the problem of motorization of field artillery.

"Approximately .$90,000,000 is being spent to provide for
the manufacture of nitrates.

"8. — Port facilities in France :

"Among the most dramatic stories of the war is that of
the development by American engineers a:id American enter-
prises of port facilities on the French coast. It is not
permissible to say where this development has taken place,
but the scope of it may be judged by the fact that it would
be possible to handle during the month of July a maximum
of 750,000 tons at the ports of the American Army in France.

"It was necessary before troops of the American Expe-
ditionary Force could be landed, to send an organization
of foresters into the woods of France, to send knocked-
down sawmills after them, to cut down trees, to shape
them into timbers, and to build them into docks in, order
that our troops might leave their ships. Fast as this work
was, and large as the flow of troops has been accelerated,
the facilities for dockage have kept pace with the shipments
of troops and supplies.

"9. — Morals of the army :

"Concensus of opinion is that drunkenness in the army
is completely under control, both in the ITnited States and
France. General Pershing states : 'As there is little beer
sold in France, men who drink are thus limited to the
light native wine used by all French people. Even this
is discouraged among our troops in every possible way.'

"You may travel for weeks in France without seeing an
intoxicated American soldier. The Third Assistant Secre-
tary of War in ten days at a National Army camp adjacent
to Chicago saw two men intoxicated. The Commission on
Classification of Personnel reports that a sun^risingly large
proportion of recruits ask to be placed in the most hazard-
ous branches of the military service. The desire among
men in the military service to get to France and to the
front is universal. The Secretary of War stated before
the Senate Military Affairs Committee that he had seen
grizzled men of the army turn away from his desk to hide

Makes You Sure

FIRE INSURANCE CO.

their tears, when they were asked to do organization work
in America ratlier • than go to France, wliere the glory of

their profession lies."'

* * *

The lumber used in tlie cantonments of the United States
would make a sidewalk four times around the world ; a
carload of tacks was required at each of the cantonments
to hold the roofing paper in place, and the capacity of those
establishme its in the country would house a company of
people equal to the combined populations of Arizona, Dela-
ware. Nevada, Wyoming and Alaska.

The storage areas built or building in France, if placed
end on end, would constitute a structure fifty feet wide,
stretching from "Washington to a point beyond Xew York,
a distance of 250 miles. To supply a million men at the
front requires the operation by the military authorities of a
standard freight train in each direction every twenty-five
or twenty-eight minutes,

* * *

A report authorized by the War Department, July 24,
shows that since the United States declared war against
Germany the Ordnance Department has produced small
arms and ammunition in the following quantities :

Total Rifles, all types 1,886,769

Total Pi-stols, 1917 model 217,000

Total Revolvers, 1917 model 169,367

Machine Guns accepted 82,540

Total Cartridges, all types 2,014,815,584

The total number of rifles does not include GOO.OOO Spring-
fields which the Government had at the outset of the war
and does not include thousands of rifles represented in spare
parts manufactured. It does Include 1,417,284 rifles of
United States Model, 1917 type, and 280,049 Russian rifles
taken over by the Government. The production for the
week ending July 13 was : Rifles, 54,211 inspected and ac-
cepted; Pistols, 8,700; Revolvers, G,104.

The total production of machine guns all types during the
week of July 13 was 6,681, a gain of 1,564 over the pre-
ceding week. Browning machine guns produced since we
entered the war aggregated 10,204 light and 5,959 heavy.
During the week ending July 13, the production was 2,018
light Browning and 1,075 heavy, both numbers representing
machine guns actually inspected and accepted.

The total average output of cartridges for rifles, pistols,
revolvers and machine guns inspected and accepted is ap-
proximately 15,000.000. The maximum number inspected
and accepted in a single day was 29.460,000 on July 5.

* * *

EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES

Year ending

Fiscal year ending; June .30 Dec. 31

SUPPLIES 1014 1915 1016 1917

Horses $ 3.3Sfi.819 64.046.534 73..531.146 33,041.160

Mules $ 690,974 12,726.143 22.946.312 13,666.063

Brass bars & plates....? 791,629 6.149.183 35.669.599 101,486.423

Autos, commercial $ 1.181,611 39,140,682 56.805.548 36, .364.773

Autos, passenger .S 25.392.963 21.113,963 40.658.833 51,982.966

Autos, parts of S 6,624,232 7,854,183 22.536.486 31.523.754

Autos, tires $ 3.505,267 4.963.270 17.936.227 13.948.254

Railway cars $ 11.177,766 3,413,795 26.661.015 25.961.742

Chemicals, drugs etc....$ 27,079.092 46,380.986 124..362.166 193,255.160

Coal tons 19,664,080 18,095.183 22,632,867 26,763,179

$ .59.921.013 55.906.140 65.9.58.275 110.376.544

Copper pigs, ingots. etc.$ 144.895.519 96.2.38.800 1.59,491.069 307.7.33.672

Electrical machinery. . ..? 25,060.844 19.771.757 30.254.020 55.478,079

Rubber boots and shoes. $ 1,113.495 2,780 325 2.665.362 5.086.834

Bar iron .$ 502.1.32 446.146 3.052.120 5.046.727

Steel bars or rods $ 7,.392,163 10.829.699 37,693.359 75.065.841-

Billets, ingots, etc $ 1.042. 854 4. 815. 2.33 42.421.064 161,043.045

Steam locomotives .$ 3.692,225 2.115. ,866 12.665.877 30.6.59.807

Nails and spikes $ 2.599.4.S5 3.470.574 10.142.796 17.052.723

Steel rails— railways.. .$ 10.2.59.109 4.537.978 17.6,87.192 23.950,114

AU other wire $ 3, 799, .561 6.948,938 16,052,030 22,577,718

of Your Insurance

FIDELITY-PHENIX

EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES— Continued.

Year etiding

Fiscal year ending June 30 Dec. 31

SUPPLIES 1914 1915 1916 1917

Oils: Gas and fuel $ 13,747,863 18,543,976 24.770,296 46.010,600

Naphthas— gasoline $ 27,352,685 27,900,255 45,769,794 49,049.580

Lubricating $ 27.852,969 28,499,786 37.451,607 57,623,993

Cotton: unmfd bales 9,165,300 8.426,297 5,955.834 4.818.990

$ 610.475,300 376,217.972 374,186,247 575,306,634

Cloths $ 28,844,627 28,682,515 46,414,200 95.474,269

Knit goods $ 2,546,822 13,080.445 20.861,2.88 15.088.889

Yarn $ 716,036 1,866,476 5,276,105 6,583,081

MUNITIONS

Cartridges $ 3,521,533 17,714,205 37,083.488 42,122,556

Gunpowder lbs. 989,.S85 7,686,480 212,821.076 446. .5:^8.490

% 247.200 5,091.542 173.736.374 331.713.0.oS

All other explosives... $ 2,503,464 18,670,441 256,262.066 259.898.791

Firearms $ 3.442.297 9,474.947 18.065,485 97.005.018

Barbed wire $ 4,039,590 7,410,389 23,909,209 19,655,842

* * *

THE WORLD'S SUPPLY SHOP.
The United States produces in normal times :

76 per cent of all the corn grown in the entire world.

70 per cent of all the cotton.

72 per cent of all the oil.

59 per cent of all the copper.

44 per cent of all the coal.

35 per cent of all the tobacco.

43 per cent of all the pig iron.

26 per cent of all the silver.

24 per cent of all the wheat.

21 per cent of all the gold.

More than this, the United States contains a third of all
the wealth of the civilized world. — Manufacturer and
Artisan.

Airplanes

The story of the Liberty Motor, the lightest and most
powerful airplane engine produced on a quantity basis.
(From Scientific American, June 1, 1918)

•'Recent announcements from the War Department, dis-
closing details of the motor and their similarity to other
motors of American and foreign design, give us the liberty
to tell here for the first time the real story of the develop-
ment of our standard aviation motor.

"In the spring of 1915 work was started on such a motor,
and the design was completed in November of that year.
The engine was ready for block test in February of 1916. '
As there were no facilities for testing airplane engines by
actual flights in this country, the new motor was placed in
a racing chassis of special construction and was subjected
to severe tests at the Sheepshead Bay Speedway. The
engine was of 299 cubic inches displacement, of the 12-
cylinder 'V type, with cast-iron cylinders. Second model
was designed, based on the principles that had been proved
out on the first model. This was of much larger design,
with 4x6 cylinders and of 905 cubic-inch piston displace
ment. Tlie new motor was provided with an airplane pro-
peller and mounted on a truck. With this unique power
plant the truck was driven about the streets of Detroit. The
air-propelled truck could travel faster than any man would
care to drive it. In one test the wheels were locked, and
yet the truck was pushed over snow-covered ground.

"In April, 1917, a second engine of this model was com-
pleted and placed in a racing chassis. It established the
official world record of 130 miles per hour, or a mile in
2S.76 seconds.

10 Stands in the Forefront

FIRE INSURANCE CO.

"In the first model the cylinders were set at an angle of
60 degrees, following the practice used in automobile en-
gines ; but in the second model an angle of 40 degrees was
adopted so as to cut down head resistance.

"The third model was begun in April, 1917, immediately
after war was declared, and the first engine was completed
in May.

"Our engineers had studied the foreign airplane motors
and a number of them' were being made in this country. It
was realized however, that they were not adapted for quan-
tity production on an American basis, and it was very
necessary for us to develop a motor of our own which
would become a standard and which could be produced in
enormous quantities. It was felt that a motor i^hould be
designed so far ahead in power of anything else that had
been produced that by the time it could be turned out in
quantity it would still be well in the lead. Accordingly
a horsepower of between 350 and 400 was sought and the
size of the cylinders was changed from 4 x 6 to 5 x 7. Work
on the new engine was pushed at the highest speed possible,
and on the third day of July it was completed and shipped
to Washington. The next day it arrived there, on the
Nation's birthday, and was christened the 'Liberty Motor.-
It was subjected to a great many trying tests and was
foiuid to be exceedingly efficient and very light. It developed
a horse-power of considerably over 400 and its weight was
but little over 800 pounds. On endurance tests it stood up
wonderfully. It was tested at the summit of Pike's Peak,
in order to determine its action under conditions of rarified
atmosphere, and proved very satisfactory. At the Bureau
of Standards in Washington a special room was set aside
in which a partial vacuum was created equivalent to that
which exists at the maximum height to which an airplane
engine has been carried. In this room the engine was found
to opei-ate perfectly. At one of its first altitude tests in a
plane the American record for altitude was smashed. Not
until September was the order to proceed with the manu-
facture of the Liberty motor definitely given, and immedi-
ately work was started at the Packard plant.

"One of the engineers of the Ford plant told the writer
personally that he thought every one would recognize the
right of the Ford Company to an opinion on quantity produc-
tion manufacture. He said that never in the world's history
had a greater piece of work been done on a similar scale.
The development of the Liberty Motor was simply short of
marvelous, and the public instead of criticising the manu-
facturers for slowness should be thankful that they have
had such competent men to carry on the work and develop
a motor of such efficiency in so incredibly short a space of
time.

"In the first Liberty motor the cylinders had to be bored
from the solid — an operation that was very costly in time
and money. This, however, was a copy of the best foreign
engineering practice and was followed as a necessary
detail by our engineers. It was at this juncture that the
engineers of the Ford :Motor Car Co. made a notable contri-
bution. They devloped a cylinder forged out of steel tubing,
which enabled the manufacturers to turn out the cylinders
at very low cost and in exceedingly large quantities.

"Production of the Liberty motor is now proceeding at a
very satisfactory rate. More motors are being produced
than there are planes to carry them. When the writer
visited the Packard plant several weeks ago they were being
turned out at the rate of 15 per day and it was hoped that

of American Underwriting 11

FIDELITY-PHENIX:

inside of two months a production of 50 per day would be
attained.

"In the Ford plant manufacture of the Liberty motor
was just about to start with a program of 100 complete ■
engines per day when the plant is in full operation. This
was being done at the expense of the regular commercial '
motor. In several other factories work on the Liberty motor
has either just begun or is about to begin, and certainly
by the middle of the summer the Liberty motor ought to be
produced in very large quantities.

"The efficiency of the Liberty motor is not to be questioned
by anyone who has examined it thoroughly. It is far more
powerful than any other airplane engine ever produced on
a quantity production basis. It exceeds in power all but
a few experimental machines. Although rated at 400 horse-
power, it has shown on test as high as 485 horse-power,
and its weight is 820 pounds.

"It is a mistake to assume that any one motor is adapted
to all classes of airplane service. There is no single motor
abroad which is of such universal utility. The Liberty
motor is one of the most powerful airplane motors in the
world and the lightest for its power. It is ideal for bomb-
ing purposes, for hei-e we have large airplanes of great
carrying capacity that must travel long distances at high
speed. The Liberty motor should also be available for
fighting machines of the larger types. Altogether the air-
plane situation is fast approaching a very satisfactory basis,
and before the end of the year it should play an important
part in the great struggle on the other side of the water."
* * *

Definite figures on the production of airplane motors
have been submitted to Congress by Representative Dent,
chairman of the House Military Affairs Committee. ITp to
May 18, he said, 5,294 planes actually had been delivered
to the Government by the factories. A large proportion of
these, 4,365, were elementary training planes. Advanced
training planes to the number of 620 were delivered.

Only 114 combat planes were completed and turned over
to the Government at this date. In addition, 195 experi-
mental planes were manufactured.

Engines were manufactured in greater number than planes
but were in a somewhat similar ratio. Those for elementary
training were 6,126, for advanced training, 1,825, and for
combat 1,043, a total of 8,994.

Mr. Dent said 41,&46 machine guns had been delivered.
Although 843,735 bombs largely for aeroplane work liad
been ordered, none had been delivered on May 18. Of 1.077
balloons contracted for 120 had been delivered.

The United States has 27 flying fields, including two fields
started June 6. The United States has 3,467 aviators at
home and 1,746 abroad, a total of 5.213. Altogether the
Signal Corps has an enrolment of 99,001 enlisted men in
the United States and 38,367 abroad, a total of 137,368.
More than 4,000 men are awaiting assignment to ground
schools. The number in attendance at the ground schools
is 3,394, and at the primary flying fields in the United
States 3,398.

* * *

The first American-built Handle.y-Page bombing airplane
has been turned over to the United States Government.
The giant airplane has a wing spread of 100 feet and is '
driven by twin Liberty motors of 400 horse power each. '
They are to be used by the Amei'ican aviatoi's in France ■
and Italy and hundreds of them will be on the way over-

^2 Writes Fire and Marine

"^IRE INSURANCE CO.

seas before the pre.seut summer has ended. Assistant Secre-
tary of War Benedict Crowell. John D. Ryan, head of the
Aircraft Production Board and Major General William
Branker of the Air Ministry of Great Britain pronounced
the Liberty motor the greatest of airplane engines.

Ships

America's merchant fleet, grown to 10,040,659 gross tons
by the construction of 1622 new ships of 1,430,79.3 tons in
the fiscal year ended June 30, was augmented July 4th by
the unprecedented launching of 95 ships. The list comprises
42 steel ships of 287,464 deadweight tons and 53 wooden
vessels of 187,000 deadweight tons.

Secretary Daniels says United States launched a greater
tonnage of ships July 4 than it had lost during the war,
over 400,000 deadweight tons compared with total American
tonnage destroyed by submarines of 352,223, including 67,815
tons sunk before the United States entered war.

Tlie following table of progress discloses how the first
million tons of United States ships on the 1918 program
have been delivered (in deadweight tons) :

January February March April May June

88,507 123,625 172,611 160,286 259,241 280,400
Total 1918 production to date 1,084,670

Output in gross tons of British and American yards :

Month American British

.January 59,005 58,668

February 82,417 100,038

March 115,078 161,677

April 106,857 111,533

May 175.714 197,274

June 190,000 134,159

Total for six months 729,071 768,349

Total
1917 — Gross Tons Losses

First quarter 1,619,373

Second quarter 2,236,934

Third quarter 1,494,473

Fourth quarter 1,272,843

Total 6,623,623 2,703,355 3,920,268

1918

First quarter 1,142,730 626,000 516,730

Second quarter 936,425 1,015,536 *79,111

♦Surplus of world production over losses.

* * *

American and British methods of ship production are
discussed in a recent issue of Lloyd's List. Relatively, says
the British paper, the United States has done more 'in the
past six months than Great Britain from the beginning of
the war.

* * *

Chairman Hurley of the Shipping Board declares that
America in 1920 will have a merchant marine of 25,000,000
deadweight tons.

This great commerce fleet will be the largest ever assem-
bled in the history of the world, and involving the expendi-
ture of more than $5,000,000,000; will link the United States
to South and Central America by weekly steamer service.

It also will bridge the Pacific for the transportation of
the products of Japan, Russia, China, Australia and the
3rient, and will continue to promote America's trade with
Europe,

md All Allied Insurance 13

FIDELITY-PHENIX

Mr. Hurley said he and Director-General Schwab of the
Emergency Fleet Corporation, expect the shipping output
this year to exceed 3,000,000 deadweight tons.

"On the first of June we had increased the American-
built tonnage to over 3,500,000 deadweight tons of shipping.
This gives us a total of more than 1,400 ships with an
approximate total deadweight tonnage of 7,000,000 tons now
under the control of the United States Shipping Board.

"From all present expectations, it is likely that by 1920
we shall have close to a million men working on American
merchant ships and their equipment.

"We have a total of 819 shipways in the United States.
Of these a total of 751. all of which, except ninety, are
completed, are being utilized by the Emergency Fleet Cor-
poration for the building of American merchant ships.

"In 1919, the average tonnage of steel, wood and con-
crete ships continuously building on each way should be
about 6,000 tons. If we are using' 751 ways on cargo ships
and can average three ships a year, per way, we should
turn out in one year 13.518.000 deadweight tons, more than
Great Britain, heretofore the greatest builder of ships, has
completed in any Ave years of her history.

"The vast merchant fleet we are building," said Mr. Hur-
ley, "must become the greatest instrument of international
probity, honesty and square dealing at the close of the
war. It must become the vast and vital machine whereby
America will prevent the oppression of the weak by the
strong, the crushing of right by might."

* * *

Chairman Hurley of the Shipping Board says that the
magnitude of the Government's shipbuilding task can be
comprehended when it is known that manufacturing work
three times greater than that of the United States Steel
Corporation and operating work twice that now done by
Pennsylvania Railroad is projected.

* * * I
Admiral Sims, Commander-in-Chief of the American naval

forces in European waters, summed up the naval situation
as follows :

"We have the submarine virtually beaten. Co-ordination
between the fleets of the Allies is a done job. German
diver crews are pretty sick and are getting sicker every
day." * *

German submarines are no longer considered a menace by
the Navy, in the opinion of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Assistant
Secretary of the Navy. He added that our Navy was now
hunting out and running down the U-boats. "Of course, we
cannot hope, and do not hope, to absolutely wipe out the
German submarine," he said. "Its ports of outlet and its
bases are far too numerous. However, we hope that each
week's report will show a decrease, as in the reports of

the last few weeks."

* * *

Disclosures made by Secretary Daniels in a speech at
Cleveland give the first comprehensive view of the extent
of our naval activity abroad since the pioneer squadi'on
went over more than a year ago. A great fleet of American
war vessels is now engaged in operations in the war zone.
This fleet, which numbers over 150 vessels, comprises not
only destroyers, but battleships, cruisers, submarines, gun-
boats, coast guard cutters, converted yachts, tugs and other
auxiliaries, and there are in addition many small submarine
chasers not included in the total mentioned. The personnel
manning these various vessels and doing duty on air patrol

14 Upholds the American

FIRE INSURANCE CO.

and at supply stations ashore numbers 35,000 officers and
men, or about half the strength of the naval force when the
country entered the war. To illustrate the nature of the
operations carried on, as well as the activity displayed by
our vessels, the Secretary cited the work of one detachment
of destroyers for a period of six months. This detachment
steamed a total of 1,000,000 miles in war areas, attacked
81 submarines, escorted 717 single vessels and 86 convoys
and spent a total of 3,000 days at sea.

The Submarine Peril, from speech of Hon. Sherman E.
Burroughs of New Hampshire in the House of Repre-
sentatives :

"The submarine has been, if indeed it is not yet, the dead-
liest weapon of the war. All the artillery, all of the in-
fantry, all the battleships, all the millions of tons of
explosives and projectiles the Germans have shot into
the air have not inflicted the damage nor cost the allies so
dear as a few hundred of these under sea boats. They
have destroyed or crippled or kept in harbor more than one-
half the ocean-going tonnage of the whole world. By forcing
a convoy system, devious routes and no lights, they have
cut down the effectiveness of what remains nearly one-
half more. They have desti'oyed more tonnage than all
the allies, including the United States, can probably rebuild
in the next two years. They have prevented and still pre-
vent effective aid to Russia. They are still sinking more
ocean-going tonnage than all the yards of the world were
building before the war.

"As bearing out what I have stated, according to monthly
reports of the British Admiralty, the submarine losses in
1917 amounted to approximately 6,620,000 gross tons, the
equivalent of more than 10.000.000 tons deadweight. For
the quarter ending March 31, 1918, according to the same
authority, the loss was 1,123,510 gross tons, or 1,685,265
tons deadweight. This refers to British and allied losses.
French Admiralty figures for April, 1918, show losses of
381,631 gross tons, making a total for one-third of 1918
of 1,505,141 tons gross, equivalent to 2,257,711 tons dead-
weight.

"At thisi rate, submarine losses in 1918 will be close to
7,000.000 tons deadweight. While these figures would show
a reduction In the total losses of sinkings for the year of
3,000,000 tons over losses in 1917, they are still, in my
opinion, sufficiently large to cause concern. While it is
possible and perhaps likely that these losses may be reduced,
we must not blink the fact that it is also possible that they
may at any time be greatly increased.

"Since January 1, 1918, the records of the United States
Bureau of Navigation and official returns in the United
Kingdom show new tonnage completed as follows :

TONNAGE COMPLETED

Month United States United Kingdom

1918 Tons, Tons

January 91,541 87,852

February 123,100 150,075

March 166,700 252,511

April 240,000 169,000

May 260,000

Total 881,341 659,438

"From the foregoing figures it will be seen that in the
first three months of this year the total construction in
this country and in the United Kingdom amounted to

Standard of Insurance 15

FIDELITY-PHENIX

871,779 deadweight tons to offset a loss during tliis first
quarter of the year amounting to 1,085,205 tons.

"This brings me to a discussion of wliat we may reason-
ably expect in the way of new construction in 1918. If
Great Britain maintains the same rate of progress for the
balance of this year as in the first four months, she will
construct and place in service during 1918 about 2,000,000
deadweight tons. If she does this, she will have attained
as high a mark in ship construction as she has ever reached
in all her history. Indeed, it is more than likely that she
will fall short of this total production for the year, par-
ticularly as she is short of labor, is understood to be delayed
for steel plates, and is dependent upon the United States
for portions of her steel plate, wli'ch we are now with diffi-
culty delivering in sufficient quantity to our own shipyards.

"How about America? Evidence before the Commerce
Committee of the Senate in its recent investigation would
seem to indicate that the maximum output of steel and
wooden shipping in the United States for this critical year
of 1918 will not greatly exceed S.OOO.OOO' tons. Mr. J. W.
Powell, vice president, in charge of shipbuilding for the
Bethlehem Corporation, comprising several large shipbuild-
ing plants and understood to hold contracts for nearly one-
third of our ship program, in testifying before the Senate
Committee, said :

" 'I am sure that in 1918, with the various handicaps we
are going up against, if the country turns out 3,000,0(JO tons
it will be a very wonderful performance.'

"Mr. Hurley, chairman of the Shipping Board, a few
days ago stated what was his opinion and also that of Mr.
Schwab, Director General of the Emergency Fleet Corpora-
tion, that the expert estimate of 3,000,000 tons for this year
can be exceeded ; but he gave no estimate of his own or
any figures further than to say that before this year closes
we shall be turning out a half million tons each month.

"Is it not apparent that with Great Britain building
only 2,000,000 tons and America 3,000.000 tons in 1918, the
peril of the submarine is still with us? We must not forget
either that last year the British comptroller of shipping,
Sir Joseph Maclay, announced that the United States must
be depended upon for 0,000,000 tons of new shipping each
year to offset the ravages of the submarine, and Sir Joseph
was talking of 'gross weight' ; if he had used our term of
'deadweight' tons, his figures would have been over 9,000,000
Instead of 6,000,000.

"Mr. Hurley has recently stated that by the end of 1920
the Shipping Board will have given us 25,000,000 tons.

"I sincerely hope that his prediction may be fulfilled,
because I believe that we shall need every one of those
ships. Certainly we shall need them if we are to have and
maintain an army in France of anywhere near 5,000,000
men. That would allow only 5 tons of shippin;,' for the trans-
portation and maintenance of each soldier, and I understand
the best expert opinion places the amount necessary at an
even higher figure than that. AAlaat I am afraid of is that
we will not get the 25.000,000 tons by 1920.

"Mr. Hurley talks about an average of three^ ships a year
on each of 751 ways, and says that in 1919, "the average
tonnage of steel, wood and concrete ships continuously
building on each way should be about 6.00O tons.' On this
basis he figures that we should be able to^ produce in one
year 13,518,000 tons, which he says, is more than has. been
turned out by Great Britain in any five years of her
history."

16 Famous for Fair Dealing

FIDELITY-PHENIX

FIRE INSURANCE CO.

OF NEW YORK

IS a consolidation of the Phenix In-
surance Company of Brooklyn, or-
ganized in September, 1853, with a
paid-in capital of $1,500,000, and the
Fidelity Fire Insurance Company of
New York, organized in June, 1906,
with a capital of $1,000,000. March 1,
1910, these two companies were merged
and an era of progress was inaugurated
for the Fidelity-Phenix that has known
no reverses.

The loyalty of the old Phenix agents
was proverbial. It is most gratifying to
know that this has been transferred to
the Fidelity-Phenix and the Com-
pany counts as its greatest asset the
public confidence which it enjoys be-
cause of its uniform business policy of
fairness and promptness in adjusting
and paying losses and its service rend-
ered to agents and policyholders.

The Fidelity-Phenix does a general
fire and marine insurance business, and
has agents in cities and towns through-
out the United States and Canada.

• • •

JULY 1st, 1918

Our Gross Assets (Actual Market Value, June 29, 1918)

Are $20,723,219.45

Against Wliich We Charge-
Reserve for Unearned Premiums $10,999,926.62

Reserve for losses in Process o( Adjustment 993,640.69

Reserve for All Other Claims 336,363.95

Reserve for Contingencies 50,000.00

Reserve for Dividend 300,000.00

' 12,679,931.26

Leaving —

Cash Capital $2,500,000.00

Net Surplus 5,543.288.19

Making Policyholders' Surplus $8,04.3,233.19

ir -k -k

Place Your Insurance in the

FIDELITY-PHENIX

A Strong AMERICAN Company

"AMERICA FORE"

Be PAT R I OT I C
and PRUDENT

Make Secure Your Own
Freedom and Capital

Be Ready to

BUY

LIBERTY

BONDS

Ready for You September 28th

Be Prepared to Pay Your Premium
To Insure Liberty on the Earth

THE

FIDELITY-PHENIX

FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY

OF NEW YORK

• • •

FIRE, MARINE, WAR RISK, EXPLOSION

• • •

FAMOUS for FAIR DEALING

• • •

OUR AGENT IN YOUR COMMUNITY