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I
i
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1 B B 7Et, hL'=\
4
MA:;qi-.
University of California.
FROM THE LIBRARY <)F
DR. FRAxNCIS LIEBER,
■■■'"'•••"*""""'"' ~:
THW GIFT OK
MICHAEL REESE,
Of San Framis.o.
^tbrajy.
California-
THE
AMERICAN ALMANAC
REPOSITORY
USEFUL KNOWLEDGE,
FOR THE TEAR
1855.
^^,ir..
Lihrcirij,
2^ Ciilif rms
V.
BOSTON: ''^ftf.v'^
PHILLIPS, SAMPSON, AND COMP ANt!;r>\.-T*
LONDON:
SAMPSON LO-W, SON, AND COMPANY. - ,'■. ^
PARISr ' J
HBCTOB B0S8AN9B. -^ ^ jj
• 1855. ^K ■, -^
^ JBntered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1854, by
GxoEoi P. SAiraxB,
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.
/tS
V
OAltII]tI0<l8:
MOTCALF AND COMPANY, PRINTBRS VO TRS ONrVBRftlTT.
PREFACE.
Trs tweotyHiixtfa TdlttBMi of th« Ameriosn AioMiiao, b«iiig tli« ahith
Toliime of the third series, it now offered to the poblic. U|iweati#d peine
has been taken to eollect full, authentic, and raried infbrmation eoncem-
ing the complex afikirs of the general and State gwrerniaents *, and a mass
of official docuoients and private correspondence has been digested relating
to the government, finances, legislation, public institutions, internal im-
Sroyements, and resources of the United States, and of the several States.
t is hoped that the present volome will be found equal to its predecessors
in fhln«s6 and accuracy, and that it will sustain the high character of the
American Almanac as a trustworthy manual for reference and a full repos-
itoiTT of nseflil knowledge.
The Asti*otteraic»l Department has been prepared by Mr. George P. Bond,
Asnstant Observer at the Cambrid^ Obeefvatorjr. The article upon <* At-
mospherical Electricity/' with its full details, will be found to be instrue-
tive and liseftil.
In the Second Part ^ the volome will be found fbll KsU of the Exeen*
live and Judiciary of the General Government, including the chief oflioeis
•nd derks of the several Departments ; of Collectors of Customs, of Pott-
masters in the principal cities, of Army and Navv Pension Agents, and of
tiie Indian' Supertntendents and Ag|ents: of the Intneetors of Steamboats
snd their IMstricts ; of the Arm^r, and the irarious Military Departments
and Posts under the new organization ; of the Navy, the public vessels,
and the Marine Corps ; of our Ministers and Consuls in Foreign Countries,
and of Foreign Consuls in the United States. These have all been cor-
rected from official sources to the latest dates possible for publication. Later
changes are noted in the '* Additions and Uorrections,* at the end of the
volume. The titles Commerce and Navigation, and Revenue and Expen-
diture, published each year in the Almanac, are full and complete abstracts
of the poblic documents of the same name, and the tables connected there-
with, and with the Post-Office, Mint, and Poblic Lands, show the receipts
and expenditures of the Government under their several heads, the public
debt, the inoports, exports, tonnage, coinage, sales of land, and the opera-
tions of the Post-Office Department, for each year since the adoption of the
Federal Constitution. The exports for the last four years are given in de-
tail. The rates of postage are under the new laws, — and these, with the
inland and foreign mail service, are believed to be complete and correct.
The Titles and Abstracts of the Public Laws and Joint Resolutions have
been carefully prepared, and are sufficiently full, except for professional
use. Among those this year of special interest are the acts relative to the
Warehousing System and the establishment of Private Bonded Warehous-
es, — to organize the Territories of Nebraska and Kanzas, — to regulate thn
pay of Deputy Postmasters,— conce'rning the surveying of the public l^-"
IV PBEFACE.
in New Mexico, Kanzaa, and Nebraska, and donatiom to actua tettlera
therein, — making provision for Postal Service in California, Oregon,
and Washinffton, — to graduate and reduce the price of the Public Lands
to actual selUers and cuTtiyators, — to increase the paj of the rank and file
of the Army, — and to carry into effect the Reciprocity Treaty between the
United States and Great Britain. The tabular view of the railroads in the
country is continued from the last volume : and the comparative view of
the debts, property, and general financial condition of all the States, has
been corrected with great care from the latest official returns. The infor-
mation concerning the Individual States 10 as full as in former years. It is
believed that nowhere else can be found such foil details respecting the
Executive and Judiciary, the finances, schools, charitable institutions, and
pauperism and crime, of the several States. Should any one note inacca-
racies or deficiencies therein, he is urgently requestecf to correct them.
The European part of the work, revised from tne best authority to late
dates, gives the several States of Europe, with their form of government,
the name^ title, and date of accession of the reigning sovereigns, the area
and population of the several ■ countries. It also gives the fioyal F%uul^,
the. Ministry, and the Judiciary of England. The Ministry of France is
added. A Foreign Obituary for 1853 and 1854 is given, which it is intend-
ed toeontinue hereafler. TJM obituary notices and Chronicle of,^y«i|t0
have been prepared with care. The space is so limited, tliat many nipi^ee
and events which otherwise would be given are necessarily omittea.
The thanks of the Editor are particularly due to the Heads of Deparl-
ment at Washington, and to his many contributors and correspondenls, tp
whom the work is indebted for a |$reat part of its value. A continuance
of their favors is respectfully solicited. A work emfaracing such a multi-
tude of focts nwst necessarily jcontain errors ; persons who nmr detect any
are earnestly requested to communicate them to the Editov. ft is particn-
larly desirable that these, communications should not be anofi^^ous. It is
frequently a source of regret to the Editor, that he cannot suttmy< acknowl-
edge the yaiuable' hints and'assistanoe of anonymoae oorr^spondenta.- It is
« matter of some public interest, that a peraodiibal which oirculatee so wider
•ly, both in Europe and .America, and which is so universally trunteid M«
manual forireferenoa, should be rendered as.aoeumte asiposaitilB i andthit
•ad can be obtainai only by the co-operatioii of. many iifdividuals. Cqi»-
muqicationa should be addressed tp th^ <* Editor of the Aii»t|ioan< Alnuir
iia6,'VBostOA.> •' • . • !. - «
Boston, Massif Ddtemb&^ieU, < '.
CONTENTS.
PAB.T I.
CjAMSPAB. and CsUtSTLU. PHBNOlinrA FOR TBI YUAM 186&
BiAftttBraa, Jcc., 8
Gelestial Phenomena, Signs, ftc. , 3
QiroaolMical Cyclm, 4
Sipifl of the Zodiac 4
Banning and Length of the Seasons^ . . 4
MovaUe Festivals of the Church, 5
Jewish Calendar, 6
Mahometan Calendar 6
Height of the Greatest Tides in 1865, .... 7
Ciuekdar: — January, &c., 8-31
Phenomena hi 1855, 32-36
Ectipses in 1886, 35-37
ElementBoftbsjBclipiieeof theSun, .... 37
Occultations, 38
Discs of Venus and Mars «. 39
Eelipees of Jupiter's SateUites in 1866,... 39
Rings of Saturn, •.•- 41
Latitude and liongitude of Obsenraiories, 41
Latitude and liongitude of Places, ... 48-46
EphemerisoftheSun, ..'^ 47-68
Apparent Places of the Pble Star,.... 63-66
Places of the Principal Fixed Stars, .«66 - 68
Dr. Young's Refractions,. .., 63
Sun's Parallax in Altitude 64
Atmospherical Electricity, 66
Mbtborological Information: — Tables
for Cambridge, Worcester, Providence,
LambertviUe, Savannah, Muscatine,
Knox Hill, Fia., and Sacramento, .. 76 -S3
Rain at King George's CoiirvHouse, Va., . . 83
Rain at Church Hill, Miss 84
Flowering of Fruit-Trees in 1854, 84
PART ^)^^
ITl^ITBD StANS.
L UstofPMsidents 87
2i EMfiitive Obvemment, 87
Officers in the DeDUtments, .... 88-90
Cbroroission 16 adjust Private Land
ClaiiDsln'Oalllbmia, 90
Postmasters in Chief Towns a& Cities. 90
Collecton of Customs ^93
NavalOfflcers, 96
Begisten, Bee's, 4to.. in Land Office, 96
Surveyors-General or Public Lands, . 96
Indian Superintendents, &c., 97
Army Pension Agents, 98
Navy Pension A^mts, 99
Supervising InsMGtojn of Steam-
boats, and their Pistricts, 99
Light-House Board 99
a Army List. 100
OiBcers of Corps and Regiments, • . 100
MUitary Commands 101
Arsenaia 102
Military Posts, 102
MiUUaFofcaoftheUnitedStates,.. 104
Ffty, ftc. of Army OiBceiV, 106
4. Nary List, 1: 106
Commanders of Sqiiadrons, &c lOS
Pay of the NAry, 107
YesseUiofWaroftheNavy, 108
5. The Marine Corps ..*.' 109
6. TheJudiciary, 110
Sutirsme Court, 110
Circuit Couvu, 110, 111
District Courts. 112-116
7. Intercourse with Foreign Nations. . . 116
Ministem. &c in Foreign Countries, 116
Consuls, AC in Foreign Countries, .117
Foreign Ministers in the U. States, . 190
Forsi^ Consuls in the U. States 181
a Titles and Abstracts of Public Laws, 127
Appropriations for 1864 and 1866, 127, 123
'9.' Public Resolutions, 143
10. Revenue and Expenditure 144
Duties, Revenue, ftc, for 1862 and
1863, 144-148
Revenue and Expenditure for 1864,.. 148
Tl
CONTENTS.
Debt oftheUnitad States, 149
U. S. Expenditure from 1789 to 1863, 150
U. S. Revenue from 1789 to 1853, .. 151
Imports, Exports, and Debt, for 63
Years * 152
11. Oommerce and Navigation 153
Value of Imports, 1892-53 163
Value of Imports for five Yean, 1 56
Value of Exports, 1850-1853, 157
Imports from and Exports to Foreign
Countries in 18S2- 53, 159
IndirectTrade 160
Tonnage of Vessels in Foreign Trade, 160
Imports and Exports of each State, 162
Vessels built in U. States, and their
Tbnnage,in 1853, 162
Oomparative View of Tonnage from
1815 to 1853 163
Commercial Marine of United States, 163
Vessels built, and theirTonnage, from
1815tol863, 164
12. Post-Office Department, 164
Mail-service for 1893, 166
No. of Post-Offices, &c., since 1790, .. 167
Foreign Mail Service, 163
Receipts and Expenditures for Con-
tract, year, in detail, ..«^ 169
J)o. under old imd new Laws 169
Revenue underTostal Treaties, .... 170
Compensation of Postmasters 171
Rate* of Postage in United Stales, . . 172
Privilege of FranUng 173
Rates of Foreign Letter and News-
paper Postage, ftc, 174-178
Foreign Magasioe and Pamphlet
Postage, 178
Receipts and Expensee from and for
Postages in each State in 1863, ... 179
13. Congress, 179
Senate, 180
House of Representatives, 182
Alphabetical List of Representatives, 185
14. Population of the United States, 187
15. Slaves in the United States, 187
16. Seventh Census of United States,.... 188
17. Population ofsome Principal Cities, 189
la Mint 189
Officere of Mint, and Coinage, 190
Coinage of the Mint since 1792, .... 191
19. Religious Denominations...... 192
20. State Elections, &c., 192
21. Governors of States and Territories. 193
22. Finances of the States 194,195
2a OoUeges, &c, in the United States, . 196
Annual College Expenses, 199
Theological Schools^ 200
Law Schools, 200
Medical Schools, 901
24. Smithsonian Institution, 901
25. Railroads in the United States, .902-906
26. Public Lands 9Q6
Sales of Public Lands M
27. Banlcs in the United States, 90
2S. American Securities held abroad, .... 916
29. Fineness and Value of certain Foreign
Coins, 217
Imdiyiduai. Statss.
1. Mahie 219
2. New Hampshire,
3. Vermont,
4. Massachusetts,
6. Rhode Island %»
6. Connecticut 240
7. New York, 243
8. NewJeraey, 251
9. Pennsylvania, 253
10. Delaware, 258
11. Maryland, 259
12. Virginia, 263
13. North Carolina, 267
14. South Carolina 268
15. Georgia, 272
16. Florida, 274
17. Alabama, 276
18. Mississippi 278
19. Louisiansk, , 280
2a TaCBi, 283
I 21. .
Aitensas, •
Tennessee, ,
226 '23. Kentudcy,.
Ohio,
285
21.
Michigan, 294
Indiana, 296
niinois, 301
Missouri 304
Iowa, 306
Wisconsin, .' 308
California, /^ 310
Oregon Territory, 313
Minnesota Territory 313
Utah Territory, 313
New Mexico Territory, 313
Washington Territory 314
Kanzas Territory, 314
Nebraska Territory, 314
District of Columbia, . , 315
AmBRICAM 8T4T98t .
Governments of'North America, 315 | Governments of South America, 316
West Indian Qovemmenta, 316 | Population of the Globe, 316
ElTROFB.
Reigning Sovereigns of Europe, 317 I Great Britain, 319
States of Europe, 318 | Ministry ef France, 323
American Obituary 323 I Chronicle of Eventa 343
Foreign g^Uuary, ........... M 336 | Additions and Corroctioos, 362
INDEX.
AlMUMtaflfPablicLawa .
▲ddkiaoi and Oomctions .
AmericaaOUtwy.
' ftSacurtoiM held absoad .
9AJBM rA«a
. 127 Enginaan ia Nayjr, Pa7 of* 107
• 352Eavo]ra Exiraordiaary, &c 116, 120
. 275EplMmanaof thaSua i/.fiB
. 323Ena, 4c. 8
. 815Ei]iDiMaBSlataa 318
. 315£Tedb, QaQaEal,inl863 838
885 " " 1854 ai6
1^ BxactttlTe Govemmaat of U. S 87
^ 8S£zpeiiditura8ofU.&lbr65yaara ISO
ApproncfatioM^ ^8., for 1854, 1856. . 127, 188 ExpemlituMa of aach Slat 196
AmjrUat 100 Expoita of aach Slata ibr 1668-68 .••••. 108
An&]rCMlioan,P»7oC llOExporta^Tataa of, in 1860-63 167
AraijBaaak»AgaBta.« 98 Ez]>orta to ForaicnCoaiiilriaa^« •••»«••• 169 «
AiBjr.AetloioonaaaBajofjnakibfflaaf UlEzportaior631^am 168
AiMula ia tba-UaitodStaiea.. 108 Fedeial RaprasaotatiTa PbpiiUttioa 168
AaaisUBt TEaaauran SSFeatiTalaofthaChuBch...^.^ 6
AunoaphaviCBl Etetridlj es Finaacaa of tba Statca 194.196
Atloraoyaof U.&O0111U. 118|FizedSuun,ApporaatPlacaaof Pri^|^ 66
ApportiooraaDtof U. & BepreaaBtatirea
Apprainca at Lane. •
Baaka ia the Uoitad Slatea
See the aeveial Stataa.
, 210!Ftorida .TTTr. 874
Cabinat, Oficaia
the aeveial Stataa. IFlowarinff of Fniit-tieaa in 1864 84
Obaenratiooa 76.63;FoKign Gooda imported in 18a2. 168-166
wiainthe 87 Foieign MaU Sarrice 168
Oalendar: Januai7,4fec 8-3|!Fof«ignMiaiaUn,^., inU. S. 190
Oalifiinija. 310'Foreiga NaUooa, Jntercoona with 115
OaUfomia Gold..... 190'Foreign Obituary
338
„ My»
CalifbcniaLandGtahna, Oommiaaion.... J90 Foreign Trade, Countriea of 159-161
Gapitala of States ^ ]921Franca 388
Oaaaaa of U. Stataa (SeTeoth) ISS^FranlcingPnrilega 173
OaleatialPheBoaena, Signs, ftc aGeneialEvente in 1863 343
Chronicle of ^Feata 343 " " 1664 846
CbieoDloffical Cydae 46eoTgfa 879
Church Fastivala,,, 5 GoTeroment, Saata of. in different Statea . 198
OiienitOourta.,,,^.,, 110, 111 Govemmanta. Annual Ezpauaa of State. 196
Citiea, Principal, Poputetion of. 189'GoreKnoreof StateB,frc.TenaaandSilariea 198
Clerkaof CircaitOoartaofU.S. 113 Great Britain 819
Clerl»ofDiatriaCeurtaofU.& llSIUinoia 301
Ooodi and Wioda in 1863 76-83;imi)orts, Value of, in 1868-63 168
Comage of Mint since 1798.,,. 191 Importa for 63 Years 158
GofaM^Finenessand Talua of certain tneign 817 Importo of each State for 1858- 53 168
OoUeeloa of Caatoms Odllmporto paying ad ▼aloramDutie8...153- 166
Orileges in United States '.... 196 Imports free of Duty 158
CoOi^gies, Annual Expanses in 199 Indian Superintendents and Agenta. 97
CommereeofU.S. 153 Indiana 896
Oommercial iUenta ia Foreign Ceuntriea 117,Superviaing InapaetofB of Steam-Teasela . 99
Ooinmarciallaarineof theuTa 163 Intercourse with Foreign Nations 116
Qp inm i s a ion ara, U.&, iaftoreign Cbuntriee I16'lnterior,Departnieniofthe 89
Oongvses, Thirty*Tbird,8ilSassioB 179-]65Iowa. 306
Coanecticot 840 Jewish Calendar 6
GiMia«la,Foreiga«iaU.«. 121Judge8 of U.S. Circ. and Diet. Courta 110-115
OneaUiaFonignObimlrias 117- 190 Judiciary, U. S 110
Qmectione and Additions 352 Jupiter'e SateUites, Edlpsea of. 39
Oovatiiea whence Goeds an brought.... 159 Kansas Territory 814
Aabi of the United States ^ 149 Kansas Territory, Act establiahing 130
of theStatea .•••.«.. 194, tOSKentucIrr .
Land-Oinee, Regtsters, Raceirera, ice.
Beiawaia
Bepartoent of the interior. •
Department of StaU ■ ^. ..... ,
Bepartonnta, Offiant In the
Biatrict Ooasta.
District oi GolamUa
Bdipaeaia 1866 ..,.««.,« 35, 37 Law Schools.... 7. 800
Bclipae of Moon, May 1 * d 36 Laws, TiUes and Abstracts of Public .... 127
Eellpae of Moon, October 26 36 Legislatures, Suu, Meeting of. 198
Eclipse ofSun, Partial, May 15 36 Letters, by Sea-gohig Vesads 179
Eclipse ofSon, Partial, NoTember 9 .... 37 Libraries, CoUeee. 106
Eiectiona, State 192 Lighthouse Bdord 99
Electricitj, Atmoepherical 66Loui8iana 880
BtemenUofthaEclipseeofSun 37 Mahometan Calendar
Engineers, Oorpa of, Ac 100, 105 Mall Serrlce for 1863
96
89 Lands, Public
88 Lands, Public, Act to gnduateand reduce
88-90 Priceof 141
12- 1 15 Latitude and Longitude of Obser?atories 41
315 Latitude and Longitude of Places. . . . 48-46
TUl
IHDIX.
MaUSarriea, Foptigii
Maine..™
Marine, Gommerciol, of the U. S.
. MarioeCorm 109
Mars and Venuf , Discs of. 39
Marahals. U. S.
Maryland •
Maasachusettfl
Massachuaettfl, Railroads of.
Medical Schools
Meteorological Infonaatiou.
Michigan
Military Commandi
MiUtary Posts
Militia Force of tlie U.S.
Minnesou Territory
nfiaistera of U. & in Foreigu Countries,
*Minlsten,Foi«ign,in U.S.
Mint
Mint. Oflkers of, Gbinage, kc
Mis^ppl...^:
Naral^fcer**
ntion . . . .
laBlPiAlie Lands, and Sales of. 908,909
919 PnUic Lands, Surreyors-Oeneral of. 96
163 Public Laws, Tities and Abstracts of 197
Public Resolutions of Congress 143
Railroads in New England 202-204
113 Railroads in Construction in New England 904
269 Railroads in the U.S. 202-208
229 Receivers and Registers of Land-Office . . 96
202 Replprocity Treaty, Act to carry into Ef-
201 feet 149
76 1- 83 Religious Denominations 199
""' Representatives, Alphabetical List of.... 186
Representatives, House of. 182
102 Representatives, State, No. of, and Tenaas 193
104 Representatives, U. S., Apportioomenl of 188
— '- • • »ns, PubUc, of Congress. Hd
and Expenditure 144-159
U.&, for 65 Years 16
ind 936
I'sRings 41
Fund of States. 195
304|S8aaons, Beginning and Length of 4
313 Resolutions,
116 Revenue I
120 Reveni
189 Rhode
190 Saturn's
978 School]
.160, 164
Navigat
Navy Department
Navy List
Navy Officers, Pay of.
Navy, Vessels of War in ... .
Navy Pension AgenU
Navy Yards, Conunandeia of
Nebraslca Territory 314
Nebraska Territory, Act establishing. ... "^
NewHampehire
New Jersey 261
New Mexico Territory 313
Newspapers, Postage on - ^'^~i^
New York,*iMirauta in!!I!!.'!!!.'^
North Carolina
Obituary, American, in 1863.
1854
Obituary, Foreign, in 1853 and 1864 ....
Observatories, Latitude and Longitude of 41
Occulutioos 38
Ohio
Oregon Territory
W Oregon Territory, Postal service in
Pftmphlets and Magazines, Postage on.... _.,
Parsilax in Altitude of ihe Sun 64
Pennsylvania 1
Pension Agents, Army and Navy 98,
PlaneU, Signs of the
Pole Star, Apparent Places of the
Population orthe Globe
FopulaUonoftheU.S. 187,
PopulaUoaof Chief aUes in U. S.
Postage, Rates of Inland <.
Postage, Foreign 174-_
Postage to Oregon and California, Foreign 174
Postmasters in Chief Towns and Cities. .. 90
Postraasteni, Compensation of.. 136, 167, 171
Post-Office Department 90,164
Post-office Distributing Offices OO-"^
Poet-Office Rec's and Expend's in 1862, '63 '
Pbst-Office Sutistics since 1790
Post-Office Reveoue. _
Presidento of the U. S 87
Property of States 196
Public Lands, Act to graduate and reduce
Price of 141
95|Secretaries of Legation ^^^'1%
lue, U. b
» Island.
Senate of the. U. S 180
89 Senators, Sute, No. of, and Terms. 193
106 Slaves in the U.S 187
107 Smithsonian Institution 201
108 South Carolina 266
99 Southern Railroads 90r
106 Sovereigns of Europe 317
314 Specific Duties. Set Imports.
133 State Department 88
229 State Elections, &e 192
State Finances, Debfas, &c 194, 196
313 Steamboat Inspectors 99
Sun, Ephemens of the 47-62
243 Sun's Parallax in Altitude. 64
2n5Supreme Court, U.S... ..«...« 110
267 Surveyors of Land-Office 96
323 Surveyors General in NewMexico,Kanns,
329 andNebraska 137
336Tenne8see 286
Texas 283
Theological Schocds ».,, 200
290 TidesVHelght of Greatest, in 1866 7
313 Titles and Abstracts of PubHc Laws 127
138 Tonnage of the U.S 160-164
178 Tonnage, Comparative View of, for 89
64 Years 163
253 Trade, Foreign, Countries of 160
99 Treasurers, Assistant 88
3 Treasury Department 88
63 United Sutes, Seventh Census. ^188
316 Utah Territory 313
189 Venus and Mara, Discs of 38
189 Vermont « 226
172 Vessels and Ibttnage from 1815 - 1663 163 -164
178^VesselsofWarlnU.aNavy 106
Viiirinia 963
90 War Department 80
Warehousing ^stem. Act eooceming, ... 130
Washington Territory, 314
93 Washington Territory, Postal Service In. . 138
169 Western RaUroad 208
167 West Indian Governments 316
169 Winds and Clouds...* 76-83
Wisconsin 308
Young's Refractions 63
Zodiac, Signs of the 4
AMERICAN ALMANAC,
FOR
. 1855.
PART I.
THE
AMERICAN ALMANAC,
FOB THB TSAR
1855,
Being the latter part of the 79th, and the heginning of the 80th year
of the Independence- of the United States of America;
** the 6568th year of the Julian Period ;
" the latter part of the 5615th, and the heginning of the 5616th
year since the creation of the world, according to the Jews ;
** the 2608th year (according to Varro) since the foundation of
Rome;
*^ the 260-2d year since the era of Nahonassar, which has been as-
signed to Wednesday, the 26th of February, of the 3967th
year of the Julian Period, which corresponds, according to
the chronologists, to the 747th, and, according to the astron-
omers, to the 746th year before the birth of Christ ;
" the 2631st year of the Olympiads, or the third year of the 658th
Olympiad, beginning in July, 1853, if we fix the era of the
Olympiads at 775^ years b^re Christ, or at or about the
beginning of July of the year 3938 of the Julian Period j
'' the latter part of the 127l3t and the beginning of the 1272d
year (of twelve lunations) since the Hegira, or flight of Ma^
homet, which, as is generally supposed, took place on the
16th of July, in the year 622 of the Christian era.
CALENDAR AND CELESTIAL PHENOMENA FOR
THE YEAR.
SIGNS OF THE PLANETS, &c.
The Sun.
_ The Earth.
• B0< The Moon.
{^ Mercury.
$ Venua.
3|L Jupiter.
n Saturn.
]^ Herachel or Uranus.
t^ Neptune.
^ A fixed star.
i Conjunction, or having the same Longitude or Right Ascension,
n Quadrature, or differing 9a> in »• " "
^ Opposition, or differing 180° in «* " "
^ The ascending, ^ the descending node.
4 CHROKOLOOICAL CYCLES, SIONS OF THE ZODIAC, ETC. [1859.
The sign -f~ is prefixed to the latitude, or declination, of the Sun, or
other heavenly body, when north, and the sign — when sotOh; but the
former prefixed to the hourly motion of the Moon in latitude indicates
that she is approaching, and the latter that she is receding from, the north
pole of the ecliptic.
The letters M. j9., m. a., denote Morning and Afternoon,
CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES.
Dominical Letter, . G
Kpact, 12
Lunar Cycle, or Golden Number, 13
Solar Cycle,
Roman Indiction, .
Julian Period, .
. 16
13
6568
Spring
Summer
signs.
SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC.
:i. Y Aries.
y Taurus.
H Gremini.
[4. 23 Cancer.
[5. SI I^eo.
[6. 15^ Virgo.
Autumn
signs.
Winter
signs.
Libra.
Scorpio.
Sagittarius.
riO. ip Capricomus,
(11. nat Aquarius.
[12. K Pisces.
BEGINNING AND LENGTH OF THE SEASONS.
Sun enters 1^ (Winter begins) 1854, Dec. 2l8t,
" »' Y (Spring " ) 1855, March 20th,
" " gs (Summer " ) " June 21st,
»« «» ^ (Autumn " ) »* Sept. 23d,
«' «» ?)» (Winter « ) « Dec. 22d,
h. m.
9 52 A.
11 A.
7 41 A.
9 52M.
3 40M.
Mean
Time at
" Washing-
ton Obaer-
▼atorj.
d. h. m.
Sun in the Winter signs, .... 89 1 8
" *♦ Spring " 92 20 41
«* " Summer " . . . . 93 14 11
« «* Autumn " 89 17 48
^' north of Equator, (Spring and Summer,) 186 10 52
«« south of " (Winter and Autumn,) 178 18 56
Length of the tropical year, commencing at )
the winter solstice, 1854, and terminating > 365 5 48
at the winter solstice, 1855, . . )
Mean or average length of the tropical year, 365 5 49
1855.]
MOTASLS FSSTIYAI& — JXWI8H CALKSn>AB.
MOVABLE FESTIVALS OF THE CHT7RCH IN 1855.
SeptnBgesiBia Simday, Feb. 4th
Qainq. or ShzoTe Sunday, Feb. 18th
Ash Wed., Lent begins, Feb. 21st
Mid-Lent Sonday, J|far. 18th
Palm Sunday, April 1st
EasUr S»mday, April 8th
Low Sunday, April 15th
Rogation Sunday, May 13th
Aacen.Day, or Holy Th., May 17th
Whitsunday, or Pentecost, May 97th
Trinity Sunday, June 3d
Corpus Christi Day, > j^^^ ^^
Fdte Dieu, 3
1st Sunday in Advent, Dee. 9d
JEWISH CALENDAR.
(Tha anniTecnrios marked with an asterisk (*) are to be strictly otanrved.]
Tear. Names of the Months.
5615 Thebet begins, Deo. 99, 1864
<« ** 10th, Fast for the Siege of Jerusalem, Dee. 31, '*
«« Sebat begins, . . . , Jan. 90, 1855
^ Adarbe^s, Fab. 19, «*
«» «* 11th, Fast of Esther, Mar. 1, ««
«* •* 14th, Purim, Mar. 4, «•
«* ** 15th, Schuscan Purim, Mar. 5, ««
M Nisan begins, Mar. 90, *«
" " I5th, 'Beginning of the Passover, . . . Apr. 3, "
** *« 16th, *Second Feast, or Morrow of the Passover, Apr. 4, «•
« « 21st, *Seventh Feast, Apr. 9, •*
M » 22d, *End of the Passover, .... Apr. 10, *^
" Ijar begins, Apr. 19, «
** " 18th, Lag Beomer, May 6, »•
«^ Sivan begins, May 18, «<
*♦ " 6th, *Feast of Weeks or Pentecojt, . . May 23, "
** " 7th, *Second Feast, May 24, "
«< Thammuz begins June 17, **
" " 17th, Fast for the taking of the Temple, . July 3, ««
" Ab begins, July 16, ««
** *♦ 9th, Fast for the burning of the Temple, . . July 24, "
" «» Elol begins, Aug. 16, "
5616 Tisri begins, 'Feast for the New Year, . . . Sept. 13, <*
" " 2d, 'Second Feast for the New Year, . . Sept. 14, "
" ♦* 4th,Fa8tofGedaljah, Sept. 16, "
" «* 10th, *Fast of the Reconciliation or Atonement, Sept. 22, "
** »• 15th, Feast of the Huts or Tabernacles, . • Sept. 27, "
1*
6 ICAHOMETAK CALENDAB. [1855
Tear. Names of the Monthi.
5616 Tisn 16th, *Second Feast of the Hats, . . . Sept. 38, 1855
" " 2l8t, Feast of Palms or Branches, . , . Oct. 3, "
** «« 22d, *End of the Hut or Congregation Feast, Oct. 4, *'
" «• 23d, •Rejoicing for the Discovery of the Law, Oct. 5, "
'* Marchesvan begins, Oct. 13, **
" Chisleu begins, . . • Nov. 11, **
M « * 25th, Consecration of the Temple, . . Dec. 5, *«
" Thebet begins, Dec. 10, «*
" « 10th, Fast for the Siege of Jerusalemi Dec. 19, <«
«« Sebat begins, Jan. 8,1856
The Jewish year generally contains 354 days, or 12 lunations of the
Moon ; but in a cycle of 19 years, an intercalary month (Veader) is 7 times
introduced, for the purpose of rendering the average duration of the year
nearly or quite correct.
MAHOMETAN CALENDAR.
Year. Nameeof the Monthi. ,
1271 Rafoia II. begins, Dec. 22, 1854
•• Jomadhi I. <' Jan. 20, 1855
*« Jomadhi II. " Feb. 19, "
" Redjeb " Mar. 20, "
*« Chaban " Apr. 19, «*
«< Ramadan .** (Month of Fasting,) • • May 18, '«
" Schewall *« (Bairam,) June 17, ««
'« Dsu'l-kadah «' July 16, "
" Dsu'l-hejjah « Aug. 15, «»
1272 Mnharrem «• Sept. 13, ««
« Saphar " Oct. 13, **
« Rabial. »« Nov. 11, "
" Rabia 11. " ^ Dec* 11, "
The Mahometan Era dates from the flight of Mahomet to Medina, July
16th, A. D. 622.
The Mahometan year is purely lunar ; it consists of 12 synodical periods
of the Moon, or of 354 days 19 times in a cycle of 30 years, and of 355
days 11 times. The average length of this year is therefore 354^ days,
which differs only thirty-three seconds from the truth ; a degree of exact-
ness that could only have been attained by a long series of observations.
But as no allowance is made for the excess of 11 days in the length of a
tropical year over the time of 12 revolutions of the Moon, it is obvious that
once in about 33 years the above months will correspond to every i
and every part of the Gregorian year.
1855.]
HBIGHT OF SPRXNO TIDES,
HEIGHT OF THE GREATEST OR SPRING TIDES IN 1855.
Can^mUd by ike Formtda of Laplaee {Meaauque OUmU, Vol. II. pp. 289,
Paris ed, tmd [2858] Btnod. ed,).
Washington Mean Time of Hf
light o(
»Tide.
New or FoU Moon. th
New or FuU Moon. the Tide.
d. h.
d. h.
Fall Moon
, Jan. 3, 3 M.
0.72
New Moon
, July 13, 11 A. 0.72
New "
18, 3M.
0.98
Full «
29, IM. 0.97
Fall "
Feb. 1, 11 A.
0.77
New «*
Aug. 12, 2 A. 0.77
New «
16, 3 A.
1.07
Full ««
27, 8M. 1.10
Full «
Mar. 3, 5 A.
0.85
New "
Sept. 11, 6M. 0.85
New "
17, 12 A.
1.11
Full "
25, 4 A. 1.15
Full «»
April 2, 9M.
0.92
New "
Oct. 10, 10 A. 0.90
New «*
• 16, 10 M.
1.03
Full "
25, 2M. 1.05
Full «
May 1, 11 A.
0.92
New "
Nov. 9, 2 A. 0.87
New "
15, 9 A.
0.87
Full "
23, 3 A. 0.89
Full "
31, 10 M.
0.87
New "
Deo. 9, 5M. 0.84
New «
June 14, 2M.
0.74
Full "
23, 6 M. 0.77
Full «'
29, 6 A.
0.88
The unit of altitude at any place is the height at that place of that tide
which amves about a day and a half after the time of New or Fall Moon,
when the Sun and Moon, at the moment of conjunction or opposition, are
at their mean distance from the Earth, and in the plan^ of the celestial
equator.
This unit of altitude, which must be derived from obserration for each
place, multiplied by the quantities in the above table, gives the height of
the spring tides at that place during the present year.
By the above table it appears that the highest tides of 1855 will be those
of Feb. 18, March 19, April 17, Aug. 28, Sept 27, and Oct 26.
The actual rise of the tide, however, depends so much on the strength
and direction of the wind, that it not unfrequently happens that a tide,
which would, independently of these, have been small, is higher than
another, otherwise much greater. But when a tide, which arrives when
the Sun and Moon are in a favorable position for producing a great eleva-
tion, is still further increased by a very strong wind, the rise of the water
will be uncommonly great.
The formula from which these tides were computed is, however, strict-
ly true only for Brest and its vicinity, and must be regarded as a very un-
certain approximation for the coast of the United States.
8 JantLary^ First Mouthy begins on Monday, [1855.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean Time.
let day. |
7th day.
13th day.
19th day. II
25lhday.
Begins
h.m.
. Ends,
h. m.
Begins,
b. m.
Ends
h. m
. Begins,
h. m.
Ends.
h.m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends. Begins
h.in. h. m.
. Ends.
h.m.
Boston,
6 48n
1 6 30a
6 48m
6 24a{| 6 48in|
6 39a
6 47m
6 36a
5 44m| 6 43a|
N. York,
640
623
646
636
646
6 31
646
687
643
644
Wash'n,
643
626
644
639
644
6 84
643
639
6 41
046
Charles.,
636
633
636
687
687
41
686
646
636
6 61
N. Orl's,
6 31
637
683
640
684
44
688
649
633
664
S. Fran.,1
%43
636
648
680
648
36
643
640
640
646
PHASBS, AND APOOBB AND PBRIOBB, OP THB MOON.
Full Moon, 3d day, 3h. 11.4m. M. New Moon, ISihday, 3h. 29.7m. M.
Ust Quarter, 11th '^ 7 5.9 M. Ficst Quarter, 24th " 8 31.1 A.
Apogee, 5th day, 6h. M. | Perigee, 18th day, lOh. M.
1
1
1
Bun's «|>perlimbjrMes and seta (cor. for vefr.) Ma^Time. {
!i
4
ii'
1^'
1^
[I
ri.es.
h.m.
sees.
h.ra.
riaea.
h.m.
eetB.
h.m.
Yiae».
h.m.
se<«.
h.m.
rises.
h.m.
set*,
h. m.
rises.
h.m.
sets.
h.m.
riats.
h.m.
aets.
h.m.
h.m.
1
M.
780
4 88
r36
4 43
ri9
149
7 3
6 6
8 60
6 13
7 16
483
11 8a
s
Tu.
80
39
36
44
19
60
60
18
16
63
13
3
W.
80
40
36
45
19
60
7
67
13
16
64
i
4
Th.
30
40
36
46
19
61
7
67
14
10
65
5im
5
F.
80
43
36
47
19
63
8
67
14
W
06
140
6
S.
30
43
36
48
19
68
9
67
16
10
7 10
67
4W
336
7
iSfu.
780
4 44
7 26
4 49
7 19
4 64
7 4
5 10
8 67
6 10
8iom
8
M.
39
46
34
60
19
66
11
67
17
10
68
8 58
9
Tu.
39
46
34
61
19
60
11
tn
18
10
60
484
10
W.
39
47
34
63
19
67
IS
67
19
10
6
6 15
11
Th.
SB
48
34
63
19
66
13
67
19
10
1
6 67
12
F.
38
49
34
64
18
69
U
67
30
15
3
41
13
S.
38
60
23
66
18
5
16
57
21
15
3
739
14
Sa.
737
4 61
7 23
4 66
7 18
6 1
7 3
6 16
6 67
6 23
7 16
6 4
8 38m
15
M.
27
62
23
67
17
3
17
67
23
14
6
9 21
16
Tu.
27
63
22
68
17
3
18
67
34
14
6
10 30
17
W.
26
66
21
5
17
6
19
67
35
14
7
1182
18
Th.
36
66
21
1
16
30
60
86
13
8
ossa
19
F.
36
67
90
3
16
7
3D
60
36
IS
140
20
S.
34
66
SO
8
16
8
31
66
«
13
10
S87
21
Sfu.
734
6
T 19
6 4
7 16
6
7 1
633
666
5 38
7 13
6 11
ssoa
22
M.
33
1
19
6
14
10
38
66
39
11
13
4 18
23
Tu,
S3
3
18
7
14
U
34
66
39
11
W
6 6
24
W.
31
3
17
8
13
13
36
64
30
10
15
6 61
25
Th
31
6
17
9
12
IS
660
36
64
31
9
10
687
26
F.
30
6
16
10
12
14
60
37
64
33
9
17
734
27
S.
19
7
15
11
11
16
66
38
68
83
8
18
8 IS
28
Stt.
7 18
6 8
7 14
6 12
7 10
6 17
668
639
S68
534
7 8
6 19
9 4a
29
M.
17
10
13
14
9
18
67
80
63
35
7
30
960
30
Tu. 18
13
12
16 1 8
16 1 8
19
67
81
63
86
7
S3
10 40
31
W. 16
13
11
30
66
83
61
87
38
1180
1655.] January hat 7%trty-on« Day*. 91
Panage of tha Maridiao (mean time) and DacUnatlon of tha Flanala. |
9
l8t day. 1
7ih day. |
ISthday. ||
19lh day. 1
25lhd.y.
90tUh9
h.m.
11 16m
Dec.
O 1
— 34 IS
aouiha.
h. m.
1133m
Dec.
O i
— 34 39
souths.
h. m.
U 6im
Dec. souths,
o , h. m.
—38 56 lOa
Dec. souths. Dec.
o 1 h. m. o 1
— 3899 039a — 30 7
9
034a
— 38 35
83a
— 93 83
4ia
—31 U
49
— 19 83
056
-17 33
1
1 S8
—30 40
184
—19 80
139
— 18 13
136
— M4B
130
s
os7a
-3118
1
138a
—30
1 3ia
— 19 41
1 sa
— 19 31
46a
—19 1
—18 80
h
9 61
--30 17
936
--30 15
9 I
--30 14
8 86 -|^0 13'
8 13
f30 13
»
768
- -16 31
734
I--16 90
7 10
K -16 19
6 40 -f-U 19
638
-1-16 19
1
Mood rises or seta. Mean Tlm^
HighWaUr. Mean Time. >
1
i'
1^
1^
\^
1
r
h
h. m.
aeu.
h.m.
•ete.
h. m.
aets.
h.in.
aets.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
ham
h. m.
h.m.
h.m.
1
6 13m
6 7m
6 im
6 43m
5 86m
6 im
56m
6 47m
6 19a
9 90m
3
rises.
rtses.
rises.
rtses.
rises.
rises.
10 43
784
643m
10 7
3
449a
4fl6a
6 4a
633a
6 88a
6 15a
11 33
8 16
738
10 48
4
649
666
6 3
630
639
6 13
4a
866
8 4
1139
5
649
665
7 1
7 17
736
7 11
039
9 31
839
4a
6
7 61
766
8 1
8 14
8 31
8 11
1 16
10 7
9 15
040
iSL
864a
8 67a
9 la
9 13a
9 16a
9iia
16ia
10 48m
9 6im
1 16a
8
966
958
10 1
10 6
10 10
10 9
334
11 16
10 34
149
9
10 66
10 68
11
11 3
11 4
U 8
356
1160
10 68
333
10
. • .
• • •
• • •
1160
11 59
m . .
837
039a
1187
8 3
11
3m
3m
im
. a .
a a a
9m
4 16
1 8
16a
3 41
12
1 8
1 6
1 4
58m
57m
1 13
5 3
1 54
1 3
4 37
13
3 19
3 16
3 13
3 3
159
330
6 8
366
3 8
638
S.
3S8m
839m
8 34m
8 lom
3 6m
8 3im
6 37m
4 9a
8 7a
6 sm
15
449
448
487
430
4U
444
746
6 14
433
7 10
16
6 4
6 67
6 61
6 33
636
6 67
866
6 31
639
838
17
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
10
6sm
6 om
936
18
6 18a
630a
6 97a
6 45a
6 54a
640a
10 56
760
658
10 33
19
687
643
648
7 3
7 10
7
1149
8 41
749
11 14
20
7C8
8 3
8 6
8 16
8 31
8 17
41a
983
8 41
6a
S.
laa
9 18a
030a
934a
9 37a
9 39a
139a
10 31II1
1 9 39m
0548
22
10 39
10 39
10 39
10 39
10 80
10 88
3 16
11 8
10 16
141
23
1139
11 88
1187
1133
1133
1144
3 S
11 65
11 3
398
24
. . a
• • •
a • •
a • a
> • •
• • •
3 48
40a
1148
8 IS
26
48m
046m
43m
86m
34m
5om
4 33
134
033a
3 57
26
1 67
1 68
149
187
1 33
165
5 31
3 13
131
446
27
8 4
350
353
337
3 33
369
6 50m
8 17
335
560
5.
4 7m
4 im
3 56m
3 86m
3 80m
3 59m
7 om
4 99a
8 37a
6 35m
29
6 6
459
463
488
436
466
8 16 6 48
456
7 41
30
660 663
6 46
634
6 17
5 47
9 31 6 88II
1 5 41
8 66
1 31
6 46 6 88
6 83
6 18
6 7
685
10 98 7 90 > 6 98m! 9 53
10 February, Second Month, begins on Thursday. [1865.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean Time.
Isi day.
7th day.
13th day. 1
I9th day. 1 1
25th day. 1
Begina
. Ends.
Begins.
Enda
Begins.
Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
degins.
Ends.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h. m.
h.ro.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
Boston,
588D
1 660a
683m
6 66a|| 6 36m
7 8a
6 18m
7ioa
6 9m
7 na
N. York,
6»7
6 61
6 81
6ffr
636
6 18
7 10
6 10
7 16
Wafih'n,
686
6ftl
6 81
666
636
6 18
7 10
6 10
7 16
Charles.,
6 81
667
637
7 I
638
6 17
7 11
6 10
7 16
N.Orrs,
6 39
669
636
7 8
6 31
6 16
7 12
6 11
7 16
S.Fran.,
6 86
668
680
666
6 36
6 19
7 10
6 11
7 16
PHASBS, AVD APOOXB AMD PXRIOBB, OV THB MOON.
FuU Moon, Itt day, lOh. 33.7m. A. New Mood, 16th day, Ih. 39.7m. A.
Last Quarter, 9th " 9 62.8 A. First Quarter, 23d " 26.1 A.
Apogee, 1st day, 7h. M. | Perigee, 16th day, 9h. A. | Apogee, 28th day, 3h. A.
1
t
Sun's upper limb rises and sets (cor. for refr.) Mean Time. 1
II
i
h
1
1
9
4i
"S
'S
e
■
is
1^
|ji
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1
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seta.
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rtses
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h. m.
h.m.
h. m.
h.jfa.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h. m.
h.m.
1l m.
1
Th.
7 14
9 14
7 10
6 18
7 7
6 33
6 66
6 88
6 61
6 88
7 6
534
tf
3
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15
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44
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ill 19
16
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66
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17
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66
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63
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6 61
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6 41
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60
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49
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47
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10 90
18d5.
] February has
TwaUy-eight Days. 11|
Passag»ofthsMaridian(iiiewitiiDe)ai>dDKliiutionof t]MFIuMl& |
*i
l8t day. 1
1 7th day.
13ih day. 19th d
ly. I
Dec
o /I
-8 9
25ih day. |
souiks.
h.111.
om
Dec
O J
— 16 10
souths.: Sw. soMths. Dec. < souths.
h.m-} o» h-m.; o/'l^ra.
1 7a — ^11 66 1 loa i — 7 16 1 1 19a
h.111.
I 9a
Dec
O 1
— 064
9
1
8
—14 48
1 8 — ^19 19
IB ,— »»l|
1 17
— 698
1 91
— 896
1 14
—13 95
1 8
—1143
1 9
— 968
56
— 8 9
• 60
•^•18
1
1
1
6 19m
— »OT
.«.
— »41
1
«a
— 18 13
ii4Bm
1
— ^11 60^ 11 Sim
-^17 97
11 urn — ^17 8
10 66m
— MSO
h
744
--90 13
79oa
4-90 14;
6 56a
--90 16
6 3Sa
--90 18
6 loa - -90 91
V
5 65
--16 90
5 39 !+16 99||
6 9
- -15 94.
4 46
--15 37
4 98 I--16 36
4
1
1
Moon rises or ssu. Meai^Tlme.
High Water. Mean Time. |
4
i'
1^
|4
S5
*
J*
4
1^
Mi
rises,
h. m.
rises.
h.m.
rises.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
rises.
Km.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
km.
1
4 4ia
4 47a
4 54a
6ioa
6 19a
6 4a
11 16m
8 7m
7 16m
I0 40m
2
644
6 49
564
6 8
6 16
6 4
1168
846
758
11 16
3
6 47
6 61
665
7 6
7 11
'i
7 4
099a
9 91
899
1164
«.
749a
769a
76ia
8 la
8 K
8 8a
I 9a
9&4m
9m
097a
5
890
8 61
863
866
850
9 1
181
10 93
9 81
066
6
063
963
963
9 61
963
10
9 3
10 66
10 8
198
7
10 56
10 66
10 64
10 48
10 4T
11 9
983
1196
10 88
1 58
8
. . •
• • •
1156
1149
1146
. . •
3 6
1168
11 6
9 81
9
4m
im
. • •
...
• • •
6m
3 41
033a
1141
3 6
10
1 14
1 »
1 6m
63m
48m 1 18
4 91
1 18
9ia
846
8,
399in
9 93m
9 17m
lasm
153m
9 93m
6 8a
9 oa
1 8a
483a
12
343
385
398
8 8
8 1
334
6 16
8 8
9 16
6 41
13
450
443
436
4 16
4 7
440
668m
4 33
3 41
6 93m
14
653
646
688
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6 9
649
898
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15
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6 89
633
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6 8
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sets.
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sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
10 49
7 41
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10 14
17
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6 63a
7 9a
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7 4a
1141
833
7 41
11 6
8.
6 4a
8 5a
8 ea
8 9a
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8 16a
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9 93m
8 8im,ll 56m
19
9 91
990
990
9 17
9 17
998
1 14
10 6
9 14
39a
20
10 83
10 31
10 99
10 99
10 90
10 86
1 56
10 48
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1141
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1196
1193
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1198
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9 1
22
. . •
• • •
• * •
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• . .
■ « •
3 15
7a
11 15
9 40
23
oeam
47m
43m
099m
094m
048m
359
044
11 59
3 17
24
1 69
1 64
148
199
193
1 59
484
1 96
34a
3 59
8.
3 om
963m
947m
9 98m' 9 9im; 9 5im
6S0a
993a
180a
4 56a
26
366
349
848
833
8 16
846
6 8m
840
9 48
6 IS
27
443
487
480
4 11
4 4
434
783
6 11
4 19
6 68m
28
0S3
5 17
6 11
463
4 47
6 13
9 9
5 64111
543
827
12 March^ Third Months begins on Thursday. [1855.
Twm«ht begins and ends. Meantime.
let day.
7th day. |
ISlh day.
19th day.
asthday.
Begins
1.1 Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins.! Ends.
Begins.! Ends.
h. m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
b. m.
1 h. m. h. m.
h. m.
h.m.
Boston,
5 ami 7 ssa
4 68III
7 39a
4 48m
7 87a|| 4 83m|
7 46a
4 30m|7 69a|
N. York,
733
464
738
444
786
434
7 43
433
749
Waah'n,
7 31
466
737
446
784
486
7 40
436
748
Charles.,
7 19
460
T34
4 61
739
448
7 88
484
788
N. Orl's,
7 19
6
733
468
737
446
7 31
437
786
S. ]g'raii.,
7 31
4 67
736
448
7 83
! 438 '
7 39
438
744
PHASfiS, AMD PBRIOBS AND APOOBB, OF THB MOON.
Pull Moon, 3d day, 6h. 0.3m. A. New Moon, 17tliday, llh. 37.6ra. A.
Laat Quarter, 10th " 10 61.8 A. First Quarter, 26th " 6 17.7 M.
Perigee, 16th day, 6h. M. | Apogee, 28th day, 6h. M.
1
i
Sun's upper limb rises and seu (cor. for refr.) Mean Time.
H
^
{•
1
1
g
1
1
1
r
U
h
11
"^
rises.
UU.
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rises.
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rUn.
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sete.
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$tu.
h. m.
b.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h. m.
h.m.
h.m.
h. m.
b.m.
h. m.
b.m.
h.m.
1
Th.
6 86
5 60
686
6 61
6 38
5 63
6 39
6 67
6 37
6 60
183
6 64
11 6a
2
F.
85
61
88
63
83
64
37
68
36
6
81
64
1160
3
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83
63
81
68
80
66
36
69
34
80
638
66
6 66
<P
4
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6 33
5 63
680
6 64
5 39
6 66
636
6
S33
6 1
83m
5
M.
30
64
38
66
37
67
38
33
27
67
1 13
6
Tu.
38
66
37
W
36
68
33
1
31
36
56
164
7
W.
37
67
36
66
34
60
31
3
30
34
69
386
8
Th.
36
66
34
60
38
6
SO
8
19
33
6
3 31
9
F.
38
60
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6
31
18
4
17
31
1
4 8
10
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31
6
31
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17
4
16
10
3
6
a
fiftt.
6 19
6 1
6 19
6 3
6 18
6 3
6 16
6 6
6 16
6 6
6 18
6 8
6 66m
12
M.
18
17
17
15
6
14
16
4
656
13
Tu.
16
16
16
13
7
18
16
6
760
14
W.
15
5
14
14
13
7
13
6
9 1
16
Th.
IS
13
13
11
8
10
7
10 1
16
F.
11
11
11
10
9
8
10 66
17
S.
9
8
9
8
10
6 10
1160
18
Su.
6 8
6 10
B 8
6 10
6 8
6 10
6 7
6 10
6 7
6 10
6 8
4ia
19
M.
11
6
11
11
6
11
11
180
20
Tu.
13
4
13
13
13
6
11
13
3 19
21
W.
13
S
13
18
3
13
8
13
18
8 8
22
Th.
14
1
14
14
3
18
3
18
14
360
23
F.
669
16
660
16
5 60
16
14
1
13
560
14
4 61
24
S.
67
16
68
16
66
16
550
14
14
66
' 16
6 16
648
25
Sa.
666
6 18
566
6 17
5 66
6 17
558
6 16
5 58
6 14
5CT
686a
26
M.
64
19
64
18
66
18
66
16
67
15
66
17
737
27
Tu.
63
30
63
19
63
19
66
16
56
16
64
18
8 16
28
W.
60
31
61
30
63
19
64
17
54
16
63
10
9 3
29
Th.
48
33
49
31
60
30
63
18
63
17
61
19
947
30
F.
47
33
48
33
49
31
61
18
63
17
60
X
10 39
31
S.
46
34
46
33
47
33
49
19
61
18
48
31
11 11
1855.] March has Jlarty-one
Days
^ 13|
Fknage of the Maridian (maan tinw) and DKlination of the PtaneU.
l8t day. 1
7lh day. |
13th day. |
lUth day. |
26tliday.
southa.
h.m.
Dec
O 1
souths.
h. m.
Dec
O 1
souths.
h. m.
Dec
o /
souths.
h. m.
Dec
o /
souths.
h.m.
Dec
o /
$
40a
— 066
1167m
— 160
U 16m
— 697
10 47m
— 746
10 Sim
— 849
9
133
— 131
137a
+ 146
i8oa
-|-4 61
184a
--76B
ia7a
--10 40
$
046
— 6 3
040
— 8 9
088
— 1 16
090
4-689
030
--983
1
646m
— 039
636m
— 9 8
6 8m
— 846
4 4im
— 8 19
4 ism
— 760
1
10 48m
— 16 33
10 34m
—16 69
10 6m
—16 86
9.47ro
— 16 11
999m
— 14 47
h
5 5da
--90 33
6 3Sa
-H»37
6 loa
--90 31
448a
--90 36
436a
--90 41
¥
4 8
--16 83
846
--16 36
333
--16 40
8
--16 46
387
--16 60
1
■8
1
Moon rtaea or seu. Mean time.
High Water. Mean Time.
{
i'
1^
j^.
h
h
S
i'
1^
aet9.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
sets.
b. m.
sets.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
h.m.
li.m.
iLm.
h. m.
1
6fi7m
6 69m
6 47m
633m
6 98m
6 48m
10 13m
7 4m
6 13m
9 87m
3
634
630
6 16
6 4
6
6 18
10 06
760
668
10 38
3
rtses.
rises.
rtses.
rtses.
rtses.
rtses.
1186
837
786
11
S.
644a
6 46a
6 47a
66oa
6 63a
6 66a
8a
9 om
8 am
1188m
5
7 47
7 47
748
7 47
749
766
088
980
888
8a
6
8 61
8fi0
8 49
846
846
8 67
1 6
9 67
9 6
080
7
906
966
964
9 47
046
10 1
1 86
10 97
986
1
8
11 6
11 3
10 69
10 46
10 43
11 4
3 4
10 66
10 4
199
9
. . •
. . .
• • •
11 61
11 46
• • •
334
1136
10 84
169
10
18m
p ism
7m
19m
8 10
9a
11 10
386
8.
1 S9m
1 33m
1 17m
OfiOm
63m
1 99m
349a
4ia
1149m
8 14a
12
337
330
333
3 8
1 66
938
437
139
87a
4 3
13
839
3 33
836
8 6
9 68
339
6 48
340
14B
6 13
14
4 81
436
4 19
4
864
4 31
636m
4 17
836
6 im
15
613
6 7
6 8
4 40
'4 44
6 6
8 17
666
6 4
743
16
646
643
638
638
6 96
6 41
943
684m
643
9 7
17
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
10 40
783
6 40m
10 6
8.
663a
6 63a
6 64a
6 63a
6 66a
7 3a
11 98m
8 90m
7 38m
10 63m
19
8 8
8 7
8 6
8 1
8 1
8 14
iia
9 8
8 11
1186
20
933
917
9 11
9 7
9 6
994
063
944
863
na
21
10 83
10 39
10 36
10 13
10 8
10 81
137
10 19
997
063
22
1143
1138
1189
11 16
11 10
1137
3 6
lOffT
10 6
130
23
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
. • •
340
1189
10 40
3 6
24
49m
43m
S6m
onm
iim
40m
3 17
oa
11 17
343
S.
1 48m
143m
136m
1 16m
1 8m
1 88m
4 oa
63a
oa
3 36a
26
330
333
336
3 6
1 69
998
460
143
060
4 16
27
833
3 17
3 10
363
946
8 19
6 9
3 1
9 9
684
28
366
863
3 47
830
3 94*
848
6 66m
434
849
6 90m
29
496
433
4 17
4 4
4
4 19
838
6 1
6 9
768
30
463
460
4 46
436
483
4 47.
948
6 66m
6 6
9 8
3
tl
6
14
6 13
6 10
6 4
6 9
6 19
|l0 97
7 19
6 37m
63
14 UprtZ, Fourth Manthj begins on Sunday. [1855.
Twiiif ht begioa and endg. Mean Time.
let day.
7ih day.
13ih day.
191
Begi
.hday. II
25th day.
Beginc
1. Ends.
Begins. Ends
. Begins.
Ends.
ns.
Kada.
Begins
. Ends.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h. m.
|h.m.
b.m.
h. m.
h.m.
h. m.
h.m.
Boston,
4 70
A 8 la
856m
8 9B|| 8 48m|
6 18a
&8ixa
8 37a
8 19m| 8 37a 1
N. York,
4 U
767
860
8 5
848
6 14
887
839
836
880
Wash'n,
4 15
768
4 4
8 1
868
8 9
848
8 17
388
835
Charles.,
435
743
4 16
749
4 7'
7 55
860
8
8 61
8 6
N.M's,
439
789
431
744
4 18
749
4 6
768
866
766
S.Fran.,
4 18
760
4 7
7 68
3 66
8 6
8 47
8 18
387
8 31
PHABB0, AND PKUOKB AMD APOOBB, OF TBB MOOM.
FuUMooo, 2d daT, 9h. 21.0m. M. 1 New Moon. 16th day, 91i. ST.Om. ML
Last Quarter, 9th *^ 4 28.0 A. | First Quarter, 24th ". 0.49 M.
Perigee, 13th day, Ih. M. | Apogee, 26th day, Ih. M.
J3
Sun's upper limb rises and seu (cor. for refr.) Mean Time.
.
1
1
II
s
h
h
1^
h
1^
1
1
J
1
^
S5
rises.
se<«.
rises.
sets.
rises.
sets.
rises.
sets.
rises.
seU.
rises.
sets.
h.m.
Ii.m.
h.m.
b.m.
h.m.
Im.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h. m.
h.m.
h. m.
1
Su.
548
6 35
5 44
6 34
5 46 (
i38
5 49
630
i 50
6 10
5 46
633
1153a
3
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41
96
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44
34
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31
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19
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i
3
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40
37
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90
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4
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88
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1 18
6
Th.
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33
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37
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7
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3 51
8
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6 88
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6 33
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5 41
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4 60in
9
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80
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98
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11
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80
88
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11 18m
16
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10
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5 8
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11 18
18S5.] April has TUrty Days. 15{
Fk«a«« of th< Meridiu (meu liow) tni DacllMlloD
of the PI
day.
laneu.
l8t daj. 1 7th daj.
13lh daj. V
sowMs.i Dec li
I9th
2r»ih day.
souiMs, Dec -sotcfA*. Dec
roMlAs. Dec
SMflAs. Dec
h. m. o 1 h. m- ' o 1 i h- m. 1 o < ' »» »• o • «>. m. , o #
^
M)9im — 7 68 10 asm — 6 i losim — s i6:iO40iii — osi lO asm-f- s 4s!
9
1 43a . -14 9 1 4rai -|-ie ss
1 osa 1+18 03 1 na -f-« ss
S 5a+99Ssl
i,
13 - - 4 43 ' •
1 \\
4-030
11 «6m
+ 8 16 11 fl8m+9fl0
11 4Sm+ll 88
1
ft
s fiom — 7 15
39Un
— 043
3 om
— 8 SS4ml — 34
1
1
Tin*— 4 60
1
9 Tin'— 14 31
848m
— ^13 59
1 8sem
— 13 88- 8 om-
-IS 18
7 4om — ^19
>^
4 la - -30 47
3 40a -H»53
3 19a
--30 68! 3 56a -
-31 4I
3 87a +31 10
9
3 11 rf-lS 50
140 1+10 3
1 36
+10 7 1 4 -
-10 isl 43 +10 19{
o
1
Moon rises or seta. Mean Time.
High Water. Mean Time. |
4
!•
1^
1^
|i
4
1-
1'
u
III
rises.
risee.
rtses.
rises.
rises.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h.m.
h. m.
h. in.
11 sm
h. m.
h.m.
h. m.
fir.
6 37a
638a
5 39a
5 49a
5 43a
5 47a
755m
7 sm
10 38m
2
643
643
41
638
039
049
1134
830
734
10 60
3
749
7 47
745
738
7 87
753
{ 6a
866
8
1131
4
858
855
8 61
840
887
866
1 033
935
833
11 58
5
10 8
10 3
966
944
9 40
10 5
1 4
950
9 4
039a
6
11 31
11 15
11 9
10 53
10 46
11 15
186
10 38
980
1 1
7
11 ff7
11 60
3 9
11 1
10 9
1 34
JS.
33ID
35m
18m
* . .
. . .
33m
3 47a
11 39m
10 47m
3 13a
9
135
138
131
69m
53m
134
380
033a
1180
365
10
338
333
3 15
156
160
3 18
435
1 17
035a
350
11
3 13
3 7
3 1
345
339
3 3
544
336
144
5
12
3 47
343
339
335
8 31
340
6 37m
4 17
835
sm
13
4 10
4 18
4 10
4 3
859
4 13
8 13
540
454
737
14
440
439
488
434
4 35
4 41
936
6 lem
550
8 51
fif.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
losom
7 13m
osora
045m
16
669a
6 67a
e55a
6 47a
6 46a
7 sa
11 4
758
7 4
10 39
17
8 10
8 7
8 3
7 53
749
8 10
1143
8 35
743
11 8
18
933
9 18
9 13
866
853
9 19
33a
9 15
833
1148
19
10 33
10 36
10 30
10 3
966
10 35
1
9 53
9
035a
20
1180
1139
1133
11 3
10 66
11 30
1 85
10 85
9 85
1
21
. . .
11 58
1160
3 11
11 11
10 11
1 86
5.
33m
36m
19m
. . .
. . .
3im
3 5ia
11 48m
10 51 m
3 16a
23
130
1 14
1 7
47m
4om
1 8
8 33
34a
11 33
3 57
24
1 66
153
146
139
133
148
4 31
1 13
osia
846
25
339
334
3 19
3 5
3
3 31
533
336
183
456
26
356
3 53
3 48
336
3 33
349
6 16m
353
3
036
27
3 10
3 16
3 13
3
8 3
8 15
740
5 13
430
7 5m
28
339
388
336
8 33
8 81
3 39
863
6 15
533
7 18
5.
3 59m 3 69m
4 69m
3 68m
3 68m
4 sm
9 43m
6 86m
6 4a
9 sm
30
4 19 1 4 30
4 31
434
436
435
10 31
7 18
6 3ira
946
16 May, Fifth Month, begins on Tuesday, [1855.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean Time.
1st day.
7th day.
13th (lay.
, 19th day.
25th day.
Begins
h. m.
. Ends,
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins.
1 h. m.
£nds.
ti. m.
Begins. Ends,
h. m. h. m.
Boston,
3 7n
1 8 47a
3 66m
8 57a|| 3 46m|
9 7a
3 86m
9 na
3 36m 9 28a
N. York,
8 14
840
a 4
849
364
866
346
9 8
386
9 16
Wash'n,
833
883
a 18
840
a 4
848
356 1
J67
3 47
9 7
Charles.,
843
8 11
886
8 17
838
8 34
8 33 8 30
8 17
887
N.Orrs,
8 61
8 8
846
8 8
888
8 14
888 i
»30
338
828
S.Pran.,
337 |897
8 18
8 36
3 9
8 43
8 8 61 1
363
9 1
PHASES, AND PBRIOSB AND APOOEB, OP THB MOON.
Full Moon, 1st da7, lOh. 65.6m. A. Finit Quarter, 23d day, 6h. 64.0m. A.
Last Quarter, 8th «« 9 6a7 A. Full Moon, 3l8t " 9 39.7 M.
New Moon, 15th <' 9 5.1 A.
Perigee, 8th day, 7h. A. | Apogee, 22d day, 8h. A.
•5
f
i
1
Sun's upper limb rises and sets (cor. for refr.) Mean Time.
Is
4
!•
1^
h
55
1^
h. m.
teta.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m:
sets.
h. m.
rises
h. m
sets.
h.m.
rises
h. m.
sets
h.m
rises
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
h. m.
1
Tu.
456
6 69
169
6 66
5 3
6 63
5 13
6 41
6 18
637
5 4
6 61
iisoa
d
W.
64
7
66
67
1
63
13
43
17
88
2
63
<P
3
Th.
53
1
57
68
64
11
43
16
88
1
63
6om
4
h\
51
3
65
69
169
66
10
43
16
39
64
1 44
5
s.
50
3
64
7
68
66
9
44
14
89
468
66
343
6
s«.
4 49
7 4
463
7 1
4 67
6 67
6 8
646
6 13
640
4 67
666
3 46m
7
M.
48
6
63
3
66
68
8
46
12
41
66
67
4 46
8
Tu.
46
7
60
66
69
7
46
11
41
66
66
6 46
9
W.
46
8
49
64
7
6
47
11
42
64
68
643
10
Th.
44
9
48
63
1
6
48
10
43
63
69
736
11
F.
43
10
47
53
1
4
48
9
4B
i53
7
834
12
S.
43
11
46
61
3
3
49
8
44
63
1
9 11
13
4 41
7 12
446
7 8
150
7 3
5 8
660
5 8
6 46
4 61
7 3
9 69m
14
M.
40
13
44
9
49
4
3
61
7
45
60
8
10 46
15
Tu.
39
14
43
10
48
6
1
51
7
46
49
4
1186
16
W.
88
15
43
11
47
6
53
6
47
48
5
27a
17
Th.
87
16
41
13
46
7
63
6
47
47
6
1 30
18
F.
86
17
40
13
46
8
4 69
64
6
48
47
6
3 14
19
S.
85
18
40
13
44
9
69
64
4
48
46
7
8 8
20
Su,
434
7 19
4 39
7 14
143
r 9
4 66
6 66
6 4
6 49
446
7 8
4 oa
21
M.
88
30
38
16
43
10
67
56
a
60
46
9
449
22
Tu.
83
31
87
16
43
11
67
66
3
50
44
9
6 36
23
W.
81
23
36
17
41
13
66
57
3
61
43
10
6 19
24
Th.
SO
33
35
18
40
13
66
68
2
62
43
11
7 1
25
F.
80
34
36
19
40
14
66
68
2
62
43
13
7 43
26
S.
Su.
39
36
34
SO
39
14
65
69
1
63
43
IS
82l
27
439
7 36
134
7 31
4 39 '
r 16
4 66
7
5 1
6 63
4 41
7 13
9 6a
28
M.
38
37
83
31
38
16
64
64
41
14
969
29
Tu.
27
27
33
23
38
17
54
1
54
40
15
10 39
30
W.
27
38
82
23
37
18
63
1
65
40
16
11 32
-^1
Th.
36
39
32
24
37 18 1
63
3
66
40
16
8
1855.J May has TUrty-one Dayt. 17
Fkanga of tba MMidian (mean tinu) and Dacllmtlon of tha PlaneU.
ii
Irtday.
7th day.
i;^h day. ||
Idihday. ||
96th day. |
90UllU.
iLm.
11 «m
Dec.
O 1
\r% 3
h.m.
uaom-
Dec
o /
-18 66
h. m.
11 67m
Dec. souths.
o 1 h. m.
-18 871 97a
Dec setflAs.
o # b.m.
4-3990 066a -
Dec
O 1
-94 4B
9
s 13a
--^63
319a -
-94 47
3 97a
--46 16
9 86
--96 3911
343 -
-96 1
■ I
1138m
-
-13 13
iissm-
-U41
1196m
- -16 6 a lom
-17 34
11 ism-
-18 85
\ •
6 64
— 16 63
636 -
—16 49
1
1401II
496
1 ism-
-866
044m
— 896
16
— 8
ii43a -
— 387
y.
7Mm
— 13 41
7 8m-
-13 36
648m
— 13 11
6 97m
—1169
6 «D-
—1148
\
3i«a
--91 16
1 66a -
-3131
1 85a 1- -31 96
1 16a
--31 83
064a -
-9187
¥
19
--16 35
11 67m-
-16 31
11 35m --16 87 11 18m
--16 48
10 6im -
- -16 49
1
Mood rises or sets. Mean Time. |
High Water. Mean Time. |
4
h
£
t'
1^
_
h
a
f'
1^
Ik
1^^
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
h.in. '
h.m.
h.m.
h. m.
1
...
...
• • •
. • .
• . .
• . .
10 67m
749m
6 67m
10 33m
2
7Ma
769a
7 47a
7 86a
7 3ia
7 64a
115r7
8 19
737
10 63
3
9 8
9 3
866
840
834
3
8a
866
8 8
1138
4
10 31
10 14
10 8
949
949
10 13
086
938
886
la
5
1139
1133
11 16
10 64
10 47
11 19
1 11
10 8
9 11
086
S.
• • .
. • .
• • >
llOBa
1146a
...
1 6ia
i0 43ra
9 5im
1 16a
7
96m
19m
iini
16m
996
11 37
10 86
3
8
1 13
1 6
1
43m
87m
1 9
396
17a
1196
960
9
149
1 44
1 40
1 36
133
143
497
i 19
037a
3 53
10
390
9 17
3 14
3 4
3 1
3 16
6 47
989
147
6 13
H
344
943
343
336
334
343
6 88m
4 7
3 16
6 6em
12
3 8
8 8
3 8
3 6
8 7
8 11
768
6 33
480
7 18
S.
3S0m
3 3im
8 SSIK
1 3 85m
8 38m
3 36m
8 69m
6 na
6 36a
8 34m
14
863
366
869
4 6
4 11
4 4
960
649m
6 13
9 16
15
sets.
sets.
s^i^.
sets.
sets.
SftS,
10 87
799
6 37m
10 9
16
8 14a
8 8a
8 3a
7 46a
7 40a
8 8a
11 18
8 10
7 18
10 43
17
933
9 16
9 9
860
843
9 14
11 69
8 61
759
1134
18
10 93
10 16
10 8
948
940
10 10
88a
980
888
8a
19
11 13
11 6
10 60
10 89
10 33
11 1
1 14
10 6
9 14
089
5.
1165a
1149a
1143a
1134a
11 17a
1144a
1 63a
10 4411
1 963n
1 17a
21
•
• • •
• • .
. • ■
11 67
• • •
380
1133
10 80
166
22
osom
36m
oion
1 sm
. • .
9om
3 13
4a
11 13
387
23
068
064
049
036
0S3m
060
4 1
063
la
336
24
133
1 19
1 16
1 6
1 8
1 17
467
149
67
499
25
143
140
1 88
133
181
140
6 6
968
3 6
6 81
26
3 1
9 1
9
1 68
1 68
9 8
6 44m
4 9
8 17
6 om
&
3 3im
333m
3 93n
1 3 34m
336m
9 96m
7 46m
6 7a
4 15a
7 lom
28
3 43
344
3 46
346
366
9 61
8 41
6 1
6 9
8 6
29
3 4
3 8
8 11
330
836
8 17
9 31
6 93Q:
1 5 63
866
30
rises.
rues.
T%ses
. rises.
rises.
rises.
10 11
7 8
6 11X1]
946
31
8 6a
7e9a
7 63a
780a
7 98a 1 7 67a
10 64
746
664
10 19
16
June, Sixth Month, begins an Friday. [1855.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean Time
Ith
1
i
let day. I
7th day.
. 13th day.
IS
day.
2ethday.
begins
. Ends.
Begins.
Ends
Begins.
Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins.|£Dd8.|
h.m.
h.m. >
b.m.
h. m.
h.m.
h.m.
b.m.
h.m.
h. m.
h.m.
Boston,
3 17«
1 9 87a
3isni
9448
k 3 9m
9 60a
9 ODQ
9 54a
9 0IIl|9 66a|
N. York,
3 39
935 1
335
9 81
338
991
993
940
998
9 41
Wash
'n,
3 41
918 1
387
9 19
388
9 94
986
997
988
998
Charles.,
a 18
8 41
8 10
846
8 10
8 50
8 10
669
8 U
868
N.OrPs,
8 34
880 !
833
884
893
8 88
833
840
398
8 41
S. Fran.,
3 40
9 8 ;
348
9 18
343
9 18
9 41
9 91
949
939
PHA8B8, AMD PBRIOBB AMD APOOBB, OP THB MOON. 1
Last Quarter, 7th daj, 2h. 40.1m. M. First Quarter, 29d daj, llh. 44.2m. M.
New Moon. 14th " 9 20.6 M. FuUMoon, 29th" 6 6.8 A.
. Perigee, 3d day, 8h. A. | Apogee, 19th day, Ih. A. |
1
1
1
1
San*B upper limb rises and sets (cor. for refr. ) Mean Time.
4
1'
1^
1^
h
a'
rises.
sete.
riaea.
sete.
rises.
eeta.
naea.
eeis.
rises.
sete.
rises
sete.
h.m.
h.nK
h.m.
h. m.
b. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h. m.
1
F.
436
7 80
4 81
7 34
436
7 19
4 58
7 3
4 60
6 66
489
7 16
8im
2
S.
35
80
80
36
86
90
69
50
66
89
17
184
3
Su.
435
7 81
480
7 36
486
7 90
4 53
7 4
4 60
6 67
439
7 17
9 87m
4
M.
34
83
80
37
36
31
53
69
67
88
18
389
5
Tu.
34
83
39
37
36
33
53
66
66
38
19
488
6
W.
34
83
39
38
36
33
63
66
66
88
19
583
7
Th.
3S
84
39
38
34
33
56
60
87
90
699
8
F.
38
85
39
39
84
93
68
60
87
90
7 9
S.
98
85
38
80
84
94
66
7
7
87
4~8r
91
7 91
766
10
Su.
433
7 86
4 38
780
484
7 94
4 61
7 7
4 56
843m
11
M.
33
86
38
81
84
95
66
zt
93
980
12
Tu.
33
37
SB
81
84
95
66
87
33
10 90
13
W.
33
87
38
83
84
96
66
87
33
11 11
14
Th.
S3
88
38
83
34
96
68
87
33
6a
15
F.
33
88
38
83
.«*
97
66
87
34
089
16
S.
33
88
38
88
34
97
66
87
34
1 83
17
Su.
4 33
7 89
4 38
7 88
434
7 97
4 61
7 10
4 66
7 8
4 87
794
3 43a
18
M.
33
89
SB
88
34
38
10
66
87
35
880
19
Tu.
38
89
38
84
34
98
63
10
69
87
35
4 14
20
W.
38
40
38
84
84
98
53
11
50
87
35
466
21
Th.
38
40
39
84
84
98
63
11
69
37
95
687
22
F.
38
40
39
84
85
99
69
11
60
88
36
8 17
23
S.
38
40
39
85
85
99
53
11
S
88
96
866
24
Su.
434
7 40
4 39
7 85
435
7 99
4 68
7 11
5
7 4
4 88
7 96
7 4ia
25
M.
34
40
80
85
85
99
63
11
89
96
837
26
Tu.
34
40
80
86
86
99
63
11
89
96
9 18
27
W.
35
40
80
86
86
99
64
19
89
96
10 14
28
Th.
35
40
81
87
86
99
64
19
40
96
11 18
29
F.
35
40
81
87
37
99
64
19
40
96
i
30
S.
36
40
83
87
37
99
64
19
9
40
96
3om
18&5
.] /wie An* TTnrty Days. 19|
P»mt» of the MMdiu (warn tim) uid Dwllnatlon of tha PUmu. |
Irtday.
7th day. 1
lah^y. II
19th day. 1 25th day. 1
mmik».
Dec
99Utk0,
Dec «o«/Ac|
Dec aautha.\
Dec \aoutha.\
Dec
k.
m. 1
O 1
iLm.
O 1
h.m.
. o '
h.in.
o i' h-m. 1
O J
$
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-45
i4Ta -
fl8 85
144a -
-4145*
i8ia
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9
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S55 -
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8 -Ml38||
8 4-
-19 88
8 7
- -17 96
11
em
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11 om-
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10 49m-
-9131'
10 48m
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-15 85
4 87 -
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4 17 -
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— 10 11
1
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sa
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oaia
4-3143
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9
10 ssm
-f-16 55
10 3m|4
-17 1
940 1-
-17 6
9 18 -
-17 111
866
-|-17 15
1
MooQ riaw or sets. Mean Time.
High Water. MeanTlroa. {
4
1'
i
r
1^
1^
2
h
4
!•
u
111
risf.
rise..
riaea.
risea.
riaea.
riaea.
h.m.
h-m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h.m.
h.m.
h. in.
h.in.
h.m.
1
9 17a
9ioa
9 8a
84Sa
8S5a
9 8a
11 84m
836m
7 84m 10 59m
2
10 19
10 13
10 5
945
988
10 9
16a
9 8
8 16 111 41
5.
uioa
a 4a
10 56a
10S9a
10 88a
11 la
57a
949m
8 57m 33a
4
11 50
1145
1140
1135
11 30
1148
144
10 86
944
1 9
5
. . .
• • •
• • .
• • •
• • •
383
1134
10 83
157
6
ossm
19m
16IX]
501
im
ism
838
090a
1138
353
7
OM
48
46
088
087
048
438
1 30
038a
358
8
1 14
1 18
1 18
1 10
1 11
1 16
585
337
185
5
9
1 85
1 86
187
1 88
140
1 40
6 13m
840
^48
6 18
5.
1 firmi
1 flom
3 3m
3 710
3 iim
3 6m
7 19m
440a
848a
6 44m
U
S31
335
339
388
344
384
893
544
459
7 47
12
SM
355
8
8 14
8 31
8 7
919
6 iim
5 47
844
13
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
10 11
7 8
6 iim
986
14
8 loa
8 sa
756a
786a
739a
8 la
10 58
780
658
10 38
15
9 6
950
853
8 81
834
855
1141
888
7 41
11 6
16
903
945
989
9 19
9 18
9 41
038a
9 15
838
1148
5.
10 39a
10 33a
10 18a
10 la
954a
loioa
1 oa
9 53m
9 om
035a
18
10 M
10 54
10 50
10 85
10 81
10 51
188
10 80
988
1 8
19
1134
1130
11 17
11 5
11 3
11 18
3 14
11 6
10 14
189
30
1147
1145
1143
1184
1183
1144
354
1146
10 54
3 19
91
. • .
. • •
• • •
. • .
.. . .
. . •
886
038a
11 86
8 1
23
7m
7m
5m
im
im
7m
430
1 13
30a
8 45
23
035
035
036
035
036
030
5 10
3 3
1 10
485
S.
044m
4om
47ro
5om
53m
5im
6isa
8 4a
3 13a
587a
35
1 5
1 8
111
1 19
138
1 6
6 4im
4 3
8 10
6 6m
36
lao
185
ISO
151
1 57
145
788
456
4 6
7 8
37
S
3 6
3 13
337
386
330
886
6 57
5 5
8 1
38
340
347
354
8 18
8 33
8 4
9 83
6 34m
558
8 57
39
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
10 33
7 14
6 33m
9 47
30
9 3a
855a
8 49a
880a
833a
9 58a
11 13
8 4
7 13
10 87
20 Jidy^ Seventh Manih, begins on Sunday. [1855.
Twilight bef ins and ends. Maw Time.
let day.
u 7th day.
If 13th day. |
19ih day. 1
25lhday.
1
kffins.
End
B.HBegios.
Ends.
Begins. ]
Elods.
Begins.
Ends.
Begins.! ^ada.
h.m.
h.m
. h. m.
h.m.
h.m.
Ii-m.
h.m.
h. m.
h.m.
h.m.
Boston,
3 13m
964
a 3 19m
9 48a|| 3 96m|
44a
386in
9S7a
3 44m| 9 S8ft|
N. York,
3 36
940
383
986
389
9 81
346
935
364
9 18
Waah'n,
3 80
937
344
934
3 61
9 10
366
9U
8 6
9 7
Chftrles.,
8 13
663
8 17
8 61
893
8 48
837
846
383
840
N. Orrs,
8 36
841
839
889
888
8 87
887
884
843
880
S. Fran.,
3 46
9 31
349
9 19
366
9 14
8 3
9 9
8 9
9 S
PHA8BB, AMD PBRIOU AND APOOBB, OP THB MOON.
UsiQinrter, 6th daj, 8b. 20.5m. M. | FlntQuutar, SSd day, Sh. 43.6m. M.
New Moon, 13th " 7 63.3 A. | Full Moon, 29lh " 1 laS M.
Perigee, let day, 2h. A. | Apogee, 17th day, 3h. M. ] Perigee, 29th day, 8h. A.
1
1
Sun's upper limb rises and sets (cor. for refr.) Mean Time. |
^
i
1
|s
1
■5
1
"5
1
1
r
J^
h
as
n
riaee.
MtS.
rues.
sets.
rtsea
sets.
rises.
sets.
rtsea
sets.
rises.
sets.
h.m.
h.m.
h. m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
b. m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h. m.
1
fiftt.
436
7 40
4 83
7 86
488
7 29
4 66
713
6 3
7 6
4 41
726
195m
2
M.
37
40
88
86
88
S9
66
13
43
36
337
3
Tu.
37
40
83
84
89
S9
66
13
43
36
836
4
W.
38
40
84
84
89
39
66
13
43
26
4 18
5
Th.
39
40
84
84
40
38
67
11
48
35
6 7
6
F.
39
40
86
84
40
38
67
11
43
35
664
7
S.
80
89
86
38
41
38
66
11
44
36
^41
8
-Si*.
480
7 89
4 87
7 88
443
T37
4 68
7 11
6 6
7 4
4 46
724
7 38m
9
M.
81
88
37
88
43
27
60
11
45
24
8 16
10
Tu.
83
88
88
83
43
27
69
10
46
24
9 7
11
W.
83
86
88
83
44
36
6
10
47
23
i 969
12
Th.
83
87
89
83
44
36
10
47
33
|10 63
13
F.
84
87
40
31
46
35
48
32
1146
14
S.
86
86
40
81
46
35
48
23
087a
15
Su.
486
7 86
4 41
7 80
446
7 24
5 3
7 9
5 9
7 3
449
7 21
1 35a
16
M.
86
85
43
39
47
34
3
60
21
3 11
17
Tu.
37
34
43
39
48
33
10
3
61
20
364
18
W.
88
84
43
38
49
38
10
1
63
30
3 84
19
Th.
89
88
44
37
49
33
11
1
63
19
4 14
20
F.
40
83
46
37
60
31
11
63
18
464
21
S.
41
31
46
36
61
31
13
64
18
536
22
Su.
443
7 30
4 47
7 36
463
7 30
5 7
7 6
6 13
6 60
465
7 17
6 19a
23
M.
43
39
48
34
63
19
13
69
66
17
7 6
24
Tu.
44
39
48
38
63
19
14
68
66
16
756
25
W.
46
38
49
33
64
18
14
68
66
16
866
26
Th.
46
37
60
33
66
18
16
67
OT
15
9 59
27
F.
47
36
61
31
66
16
10
16
67
68
14
11 4
28
S.
48
36
83
30
'tn
16
10
16
66
69
13
g
29
Su.
449
7 34
4 63
7 19
468
7 14
& 11
7 1
5 17
6 66
6
7 12
om
30
M. 60
33
64
18
69
13
12
17
66
1
11
1 10
31
Tu. 61
31
66
17
i
13
13
660
18
64
3
10
3 7
18K.] Jmfy ims Tkirtf^^me Dmft^ «
PiMtr «4' tte Hiw^M (MMB use
*ai D«. atfxvt -•:' ;be PjL.i«>jL
1 A ^jr. 7tk ^T.
ijCi
CAC-
,.'.\ ^»
«rw^ lip;.
tMM. Dec .»«ite^; Ok.
i^smtAs. IKC
«»«.'««- . Upc
h.
«- Cf^B. ciiLm. .eikK.| oi^b^ -#
8 1
-a -
-»]» tsa -MT» ii«m+nii 11 ma-
-17 M am- -» IT
9 »
8 - ^» 7 9 8 +« «» S 8a-|-9» S «*,'
-7 » S m --438
^ m sm-f'a s m tmir-f^B o n «m-|-A » m bbbt
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g » « — u » s 9 ' — n s 9 M — ^n « s n — » a» i u -— » a^
Q Bsn — sn 8xa' — 9 si 8 ml— j« isft — « • tuk — sm
J s
am+ia 4«Di-{-Ttf 4 9aii-|-TS& 4 onij-f-TU saaB*-|-<«ii
L^f «4«iii — u» snm — lit? aun — um aam^ia « 9 4m — u i»
jl^lO* --S110 99 --B4108 .--96 9« I--M9 9ST '-|-M 10*
•9 8 s -\-n 19 8 10 - -n 9J 7 « j- -n 97 7 91 '- -n 9d 79 +17 »
.1
1
Moon riaes or seta. Mean Time.
HifhWftttf. Mout-noM.
4
!'
1^
1^
2S
4
i'
1^
fc|
i
r»».
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises. .
b. m.
Km.
h.m.
ILDL
iLm.
h.m. ' h.m.
b.m.
h. m. ' h. m. j
«.
948a
9«3a
9 878
9 9ia
9 158
9 40a r la
8S8m
8 im 11 96m;
2
10 33
10 19
10 15
10 9
968
10 17
1 063
944
8 89 17a
3
10 53
10 60
10 48
10 39
10 37
10 60
1 1*
10 31
939 1 4
4
11 18
1117
11 16
11 13
11 19
11 19
! 399
11 91
10 99 . 1 64
5
1141
1141
1143
1143
1144
1146
\^,l
isa
1191 9 40
6
...
• . •
. . •
• • -4
,. . .
4 16
1 7
168 3 40
7
sn^
6ID
7m
oiim
16m
iim
610
9 9
1 10 4 86
&
38m
039m
83m
4im
047m
038m
6 9a
3 la
9 98 < 6848
9
068
068
1 3
1 16
1 33
1 9
6 43m
4 4
8 13 1 6 801
1
10
191
1 80
136
163
3 1
144
743
6 10
4 18
7 7
n
3 1
3 8
3 16
384
344
336
8 61
6 14
633
8 16
12
345
363
3
8 31
3 81
8 10
963
6 44m
6 18
9 17
13
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
10 43
786
6 43m 10 8
14
838a
833a
8 16a
766a
7 6ia
8 17a
11 80
633
7 80 !l0 66
s.
9 la
866a
8 6ia
836a
8 8ia
8 638
oiia
9 3m
8 lim 11 36m
16
997
993
9 19
9 7
9 3
990
048
9 40
848
188
17
960
9 47
944
9 86
983
946
1 34
10 16
934
049
18
10 10
10 8
10 7
10 3
10 1
10 9
1 67
10 49
9 67
199
19
10 99
10 39
10 39
10 97
10 38
10 33
330
1133
10 30
1 66
20
10 48
10 49
10 6^
10 63
10 64
10 64
8 4
11 66
11 4
999
21
11 8
11 11
11 13
11 19
1133
11 17
843
084a
11 43
8 7
S.
iisoa
1184a
1188a
1147a
11 63a
11 43a
433a
1 14a
0338
8 478
23
24
llffi
6 8
6 6
3
3 67
1 8
3 6
488
680
52m
7m
3im
38m
14m
25
osim
088
044
1 3
1 10
063
6 80m
4 4
3 13
6 4m
26
1 16
194
131
161
3 1
141
7 46
6 14
433
7 10
27
3 13
3 31
339
3 61
3 1
3 40
9
636
688
836
28
rtses.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
8 12a
10 4
6 66ra
4m
939
S.
8 19a
8 14a
8 loa
766a
7 6ia
11 3m
7 64m
7 3m
10 37m
30
8 63
8 49
645
835
8 33
848
1168
8 46
7 68 ill 16
31
9 19
9 17
9 16
9 10
9
19
49a
34
8 43 1 7a
S2 August^ Eighth Months begins on Wednesday. [1855<
Twilight begins and ends. Mean Time.
25th day.
Boston,
N. York,
Wash'n,
Charles.,
N.OrPs,
S.Fran.,
Ist day.
Begins.
h. m.
3 66m
8 4
8 U
889
848
8 18
Ends,
b. m.
9 na
9 8
866
888
834
8 64
7th day.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends.
h.<n.
3 6m
9 6a
8 14
866
833
848
846
635
864
8 16
8 36
846
13th day.
Begins,
b. m.
Ends.
h.in.
8 16m
8 63a
333
846
880
888
860
8 18
869
8 9
888
886
I 19th day.
Begins,
h. m.
334m
8 33
888
8 66
4 4
8 41
Ends,
h. m.
8438
884
8 38
8 10
8 3
8 36
Begins,
h. m.
3 34m
840
346
4 3
4 8
848
Ends
h. m.
880a
834
8 18
8 3
7 66
8 16
PHA8B8, AND APOOBB AND PBBIOBB, OP THB MOON.
Last Quarter, 4th day, 4h. IS.Sna. A. I First Quarter, 20th daj, 3h. 27.6m. A.
New Moon, 12th <' 1 46.2 A. | FuUMooo, 27th <' 8 14.2 M.
Apogee, 13th day. Oh. A. j Perigee, 27th day, 5h. M.
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
27
30
31
§
W.
Th
F.
S.
rues.
h. m.
463
68
64
M
M.
Tu.
W
Th.
F.
S.
4 66
67
66
69
6
1
3
Su
M.
Tu.
W.
Th.
F.
S.
Su.
M.
Tu.
W
Th.
F
S.
Su.
M.
Tu.
W.
Th.
F.
Sun's tqiper limb rises and sets (cor. for refr.) Mean Time.
7 16
14
13
11
10
8
7
6 8
4
6
6
7
8
9
5 11
13
13
14
16
16
17
6 18
19
30
31
33
33
sets.
h. m.
7 30
19
17
16
7 6
4
8
1
6 68
67
6 56
64
63
61
49
48
46
644
43
41
39
rises.
h. m
466
sets.
h. m.
7 16
16
14
13
6 6
7
8
9
10
11
13
6 13
14
16
16
17
18
630
31
33
33
34
36
7 3
1
6 66
67
66
64
6 63
61
60
48
47
46
44
6 43
41
39
87
36
84
rises.
h. m.
6
3
8
6 4
6
6
6
7
7 7
6
6
4
3
1
6 10
11
13
IS
14
16
16
6 16
17
18
19
30
31
33
sets.
b. m.
7 11
10
9
8
rises.
h. m.
6 13
14
16
16
5 16
17
18
19
19
30
6 60
49
47
46
44
43
41
6 40
39
37
35
34
6 31
31
33
33
34
34
37
30
5 30
31
33
33
33
34
sets.
h. m.
6 66
67
67
66
6 66
64
63
63
61
60
49
5 31
31
6 48
47
46
46
44
48
6 41
40
39
37
36
36
84
6 33
31
30
rises.
h. m.
6 18
19
90
90
6 35
36
36
37
38
38
5 39
•to
30
81
83
5 S3
34
34
35
371 85
361 86
sets.
h. m.
6 68
61
rises.
h.m.
6 3 7
8
4
6
6 50
49
49
48
47
46
45
6 44
43
43
41
40
6 37
36
35
34
33
81
30
sete-
h.m.
9
8
7
6
|6 6
7
7
8
9
10
11
7 6
4
3
3
669
6 13
13
14
15
16
17
17
36
6 67
fi6
64
6 48
47
45
44
43
43
40
6 39 6 34 639
38 35 88
37 96 36
96 34
97 83
38 81
IP
Is
h. m.
3 69m
3 49
4 87
6 94
6 13m
7 4
766
84B
9 41
10 88
11 93
9a
63
1 38
3 18
3 53
8 83
4 16
4 69a
5 48
6 43
7 41
644
948
10 60
11 49a
g
44m
1 37
337
3 17 I
1855.] August has TMrty-one
Days. 23|
Paasage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets. |
1
Irtday. 1
7th day. II
13th day.
19th iliiv.
25th day. |
souths.
iLm.
10 44m
3 67a
10 6m
1 18
«49a
Dec
O 1
4-30 32
-- 1 16
— 30 16
— 4 6
souths.
h. m.
10 68m
3 6ia
10 om
060
6 37a
Dec
+30 86
— 126
— 31 5
— 484
souths. Dec.
h. m. 01
11 lam +19 36
243a — 4 2
9 63m4-98 1
30 — 3156
6 6a — 6 6[
souths. Dec.
h.m. *
11 88m +17 43
38Sa — 639
946m +43 30
11 46a — 33 47
souths,
h.m.
la
330
9 89m
11 17a
Dec.
+13 49
— 843
4-9154
— 38 34
J
s
8m
+ 6 9
3 48m
--627
3 17m-
-487
1 6im-
-889
134m
--3 14
1 asm
9 a
635
—12 33
4-22 12
4-17 86
644
1 7
843
6 12
+ 638
— U48
--23 13
--17 87
636 -
41 -
8 31 -
6 48 -
.-640
-13 6
-22 14
-17 38'
6 6 -
14 -
8 -
625 -
-644 445
—18 33 11 4Sa
■^lA 1 38m
-17 89 6 1
--644
—13 41
--53 16
^ -17 39
1
1
MooQ rises or seta. Mean Time. |
High Water. Mean Time. |
J
es.
8a
\'
J4
1^
S5
J*
4
1^
Jil
1
h.1
94
rises.
h. m.
943a
rises.
h. m.
9 4Sa
h!T'
9 43a
rises.
h.ni.
948a
rises.
h.in.
9 46a
h.m.
13Ba
h.m.
I0 30m
h. m.
9S8m
h. m.
68a
2
10 6
10 7
10 9
10 13
10 16
10 18
3 14
11 6
10 14
189
3
10 38
10 31
10 84
10 43
10 46
10 49
3 3
1164
11 3
397
4
10 64
14)68
11 8
11 16
11 31
11 9
346
37a
1146
8 10
S.
11 36a
iisia
1186a
11 6ia
11 6oa
1143a
483a
124a
03Sa
3e7a
6
13
. . .'
• • .
. . •
. . .
. . •
633
3 14
133
447
7
• • •
7m
14m
osm
L 049m
033m
663m
833
330
566
8
4sm
61
068
I 19
139
1 8
7 6
487
3 46
6 3im
9
183
140
148
3 9
330
160
836
667
6 5
7 61
10
338
386
348
8 4
3 14
364
943
634m
6 9
9 7
11
380
337
844
4 8
4 13
366
10 37
739
687m
10 3
8.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
11 3im
8 13m
7 3im
10 46m
13
7 66a
76aa
763a
7 89a
736a
7 60a
11 68
860
768
1133
14
8 16
8 18
8 11
8 6
8 6
8 13
3ia
933
8 31
1166
15
884
898
838
830
8 31
8 36
1 3
964
9 3
37a
16
868
864
864
866
8W
866
133
10 34
9 33
067
17
9 13
9 14
9 16
9 31
934
930
3 3
10 64
10 3
127
18
983
9 36
940
949
966
946
333
1135
10 83
1 68
8.
9 66a
10 3a
10 7a
losoa
10 37a
10 13a
3 4a
11 66m
11 4m
339a
20
10 38
10 84
10 40
10 66
11 6
10 47
389
3ia
1188
3 4
21
33
11 6
1164
11 13
1130
1130
1148
1138
430
6 11
1 13
9 3
30a
1 11
345
486
23
• • •
3m
oiom
osaa
i 043m
8m
638
330
338
658
24
66m
1 6
1 14
137
146
136
7 um
4 47
866
686m
25
3 14
3 31
330
3 48
366
3 41
840
6 14
633
8 5
S.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises
rises.
rises.
9 68m
6 45m
634a
9 18m
27
7 16a
7 18a
7 11a
7 3a
7 la
714a
10 63
744
6 63m
10 17
28
743
7 41
740
737
737
744
1141
833
7 41
11 6
29
8 6
8 7
8 8
8 9
8 11
8 11
03Ba
930
638
11 63
30
8*99
8 81
884
840
844
838
1 9
10 1
9 9
084a
31
863
856
9
9 10
9 16
9 6
161
10 43
9 61
1 16
24 September^ Ninth Months begins on Saturday. [1855.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean Time.
I si day.
7ih day.
II 13th day.
1 19th day. |] 25th day. 1
Begin
h. m.
9. Ends,
h. m.
Begins.
h.m.
Ends. Begins., Ends,
h. m. h. m. i h. m.
r™""
-£nd8.l
h.ro. i
Begins. Ends.,
h. m. h. m. 1
Boston,
a44E
a 8 16a
3 6im| 8 4a|| 3 5om|
7 63a
4 7xn
740a
4 1601 7 38aj
N. York,
849
8 11
366
8
4 8
7 49
4 10
787
4 18
736
Wash'n,
364
8 6
4
766
4 7
7 46
4 14
784
4 31
7 28
Charles.,
4 8
763
413
748
4 17
7 34
423
735
428
716
N.OrPs,
4 14
746
4 17
789
4 31
7 81
435
722
480
7 14
S. Fran.,
866
8 4
4 3
766
4 8
7 44
4 16
784
4 31
738
PHA8B8, AND APOOBB AND PBRIOBB, OP THB KOON.
Last Quarter, 3d day, 3h. 16.9m. M. First Quarter, 19th day, Ih. 64.2m. M.
New Moon, *llth " 5 46.7 M. FuU Moon, 26th " 4 18.2 A.
Apogee, 9th day, 3h. A. | Perigee, ailh day, Sh. A.
1
1
1
Sun'a upper limb rises and sets (cor. for refr.) Meaa Time.
IP
II
J
(
'
>
1^
1^
S5
i
rUea.
iLm.
sete.
h.m.
rises.
h.m.
seto.
h.m.
rtsea
h.m.
seto.
h.m.
riaea
h. m.
seto.
h.m.
nae$.
h.m.
sets.
h.m.
rises, seta.
h.m.lh.m.
h. m.
1
S.
634
6 34
536
6 83
538
6 81
584
635
587
633
539
6 80
4 7m
d
8u.
636
6 38
537
6 81
539
6 39
586
634
587
633
580
638
4 66m
3
M.
36
81
38
39
80
37
86
S3
88
SO
81
36
660
4
Tu.
31
39
39
38
81
36
86
31
88
19
83
36
644
5
W.
38
38
80
37
83
34
87
30
89
18
88
34
787
6
Th.
39
36
81
35
83
38
87
19
89
17
84
33
839
7
F.
SO
34
83
38
84
31
88
17
40
16
84
30
9 19
8
S.
83
38
88
31
84
30
89
16
40
14
86
19
10 7
8u.
688
6 31
584
6 19
586
6 18
689
6 14
S4I
6 13
5 86 ;6 17 1
i0 6im
10
M.
84
19
85
18
86
17
40
18
41
13
91
16
11 88
11
Ta.
86
17
86
16
87
16
41
13
43
10
88
15
13a
12
W.
86
16
87
16
88
41
11
43
9
89
13
068
13
Th.
87
14
88
14
89
43
43
8
40
13
183
14
F.
88
13
89
11
40
43
43
7
41
10
3 U
15
S.
89
10
40
41
43
44
6
41
9
367
16
8u.
640
6 9
5 41
6 8
543
8 7
544
6 6
5 44
6 6
5 43
6 7
8 44a
17
M.
41
43
43
46
46
3
43
6
435
18
Tu.
43
48
48
46
46
3
43
4
5 81
19
W.
48
44
44
46
46
1
44
3
680
20
Th.
44
46
45
46
47
46
1
783
21
F.
46
46
5 59
46
S60
47
6 56
47
6 56
46
5 59
883
22
S.
47
6 56
47
56
47
66
48
67
48
tn
47
56
989
23
Su.
648
5 66
5 48
5 56
5 48
»66
6 48
6 56
5 49
5 66
5 46
5 66
lossa
24
M.
49
64
49
66
49
54
49
66
49
65
49
64
1131
25
Tu.
60
53
50
63
60
58
60
68
50
63
60
63
g
26
W.
61
61
61
61
61
61
60
63
60
63
51
61.
12m
27
Th.
63
49
53
49
63
49
61
50
61
61
68
49
1 8
28
F.
63
47
58
48
53
48
61
49
61
50
53
48
154
29
S.
54
46
64
46
53
46
63
48
53
48
68
46
3 47
30
Su.
566
5 44
5 66
5 44
5 64 {
146
5 68
5 47
5 63
6 47
5 54 |5 45 1
8 40m
1655.] Sej^ember hag Thirty Days. 25
Paasaga of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets.
let da,. II
7th day.
' 13th day.
lirthdav. !| )ft>th Jay. |
souths
h. m.
Dec. so«KAs.i Dec
o 1 b-na. 1 . o 1
souths.
h.m.
Dec
O 1
soulhs.
h.m.
Dec.
O 1
UsirtA. Dec
,h.m. o 1
. 8
ossa
+ 783
86a ,-f- 3 50
05oa
— 146
1 oa
— 6 e
{ 1 81 —10 10
?
S 1
—10 51
140 I--13 18
1 15
— 19 57
046
— 19 55
10 10 —19 3
il
ipaom
-hi 4
39m -{-90 15
14m
+10 38
9 6m
+18 98
' 8 9mi+n 91
10 44a
—38 58! 10 17a — 94 38
048a
—44 89
9 Ma
—94 87
, 9 oa
—94 8^
5
98Sm
4-1
\
034m —
11 6ia
— 144
ii9oa
— S 8
10 86a
— 4 81
5
490
--5 41
8 57 1+5 84
8t4m
+ 535
8 lom
+ 510
, 9 45m
+ 458
:t
11 13a
—14 10 40a 1 — 14 15|
loioa
— 14 98
984a
— U89
\ oa9a
—14 48
h
7 ism
--33 15
6 5im'- -99 15|
690m
--99 15
6 7m
544m
+99 14
9
484
- -17 89'
4 10 +17 88
846
--17 87
3 99
-1-17 86
958
Tn««
's
1
Mood rises or seu. Mean Time.
1 High Water. Mean Time.
4
£
!^
1^
1^
2:
rists.
h. m.
1
i
1^
III!
SSl
1 (K 1
rises.
b. m.
rises
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
risa.
h. m.
rists
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m. 1 b. m.
1
OKA
osia
087a
8 5ia
06ea
9 48a
10 19a
9 8ia
1133m
8a
i0 8im; 1 86a
11 11m 9 86a
S.
57a
10 4a
10 loa
10 sea
10 87a
8 ua
3
10 80
10 47
10 54
11 14
11 34 11 4
353
044
1153
8 10
4
1137
1185
1143
• • •
... 11 54
440
189
04oa
4 5
5
• ■ •
. . .
■ • •
5m
15m ...
5 47
380
147
5 19«
6
ossin
8on
1 osom
050
1 04om
6 8im
4
8 17
556m
7
138
180
188
1 57
3 7 148
8 1
588
4 40
796
8
396
383
339
355
3 4
360
8 49m
036
6 16m
555
8 51
&
3 3Bm
8 380
k 838m
3 5im
358m
10 i8m| 7 lom
6 18m 1 48m{
10
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets. sets.
11 3
755
7 8
10 96
11
689a
688a
6 87a
683a
6 83a 6 40a
11 86
898
786
11 1
12
6fi8
656
650
658
7 7 3
7a j 8 50
8 7
1189
13
7 17
7 40
730
734
736 7 34
083
935
838
11 58
14
787
740
743
7 51
755 748
1 3
954
9
097a
15
780
8 4
8 8
890
8 36 8 18
1 131
10 38
9 31 ! 56
S.
830a
839a
6S8a
8 53a
9 oa 8 44a
1 58a
10 50m
9 5em 138a
17
1
8
15
983
048
933
328
11 30
10 99
158
18
045
058
10 1
10 33
10 83
10 13
3 3
11 54
11 3
337
19
10 41
10 40
10 57
11 19
1180
11
346
088a
11 46
8 11
20
1180
11 58
. • •
. • •
. . •
. . .
4 41
188
4ia
4 6
21
• . .
• . •
6m
37m
0S7m
lom
6 7
350
3 7
5 83
23
1 7ni
1 i4in
131
1 80
1 48
184
6 54m
485
348
6 lom
S.
33000
384m
3 50m
3 54m
3 im
353m
8 34m
6 4a
5 19a
750m
24
853
856
350
4
4 14
4 11
945
6 37m
6 13
9 10
25
rises.
nses.
nses.
nses.
nses.
nses.
10 37
720
6 87m
10 3
26
03oa
osia
683a
686a
688a
686a
1130
8 13
730
10 45
27
054
6 57
7 1
7
7 14
7 6
sa
654
8 3
11 37
28
7 31
736
7 31
748
760
787
43
034
843
7a
29
788
750
8 5
833
880
8 13
1 23
10 14
033
047
30
888a
840a
8 48a
7a
9 na
8 56a
3 oa
10 63m
10 om
196a
^
26 October^ Tenth Months begins on Monday. [1855.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean Time.
1
l8t Day.
7th day.
13th day. ||
19th day.
Begins., Ends.
25lh day.
Begins.
l^nd;i
• Begins.
Ends.
1 Begins.
Ends.,
Begins. 1 Ends.
ti. m.
h.m
i h. m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m. 1
h.m.
h.m.
h. m. ' h. m.
BosUm,
i33m
7 17
SI 4 8001
7 6a
487in
6 55a>
4 44m| 6 46a{
4 66m 6 38a
N. York,j 4 35
7 15
488
7 4
488
664
444
646
460
638
Wash'n,!4 27
7 18
488
7 8
488
664
444
646
460
639
Charles.,
183
7 8
436
7
440
669
*«
645
449
N.Orrs,
184
7 6
487
656
4 41
6 51
445
645
448
640
S. Fran.,
139
7 18
488
7 3
488
666
448
6 47
4i0
689
PHABBg, AMD APOOBB AND PBKIOBB, OP TBB MOON.
Last Quarter, 9d day, 6h. 57.8m. A. First Quarter, 18th dar, lOh. 31.1m. M.
New Moon, lOlh " 10 17.7 A. FuU Moon, 26th '^ 2 19.7 M.
Apogee, 6th day, 12h. A. | Perigee, 22d day, 8h. A.
1
•
t
1
Sun's upper limb rises and seu (cor. for refr.) Mean TIbm.
4
1^
1^
1^
2:
i
riM8.
sete
rises
seu.
rises.
sets.
rises
sets.
rises.
sets.
rises, sets.
h. m.
h.m.
Im.
h. m.
h. m.
h.m.
h. m.
h.m.
h.m.
h.m.
h. m. h m
h.m.
1
M.
6M
5 43
i»
5 43
5 55
5 44
6 54
5 46
5 68
6 46
5 65 644
4 85m
2
Tu.
57
40
57
41
56
43
54
44
53
45
66 43
530
3
W.
66
88
56
89
67
40
55
43
54
48
67 40
634
4
Th.
6
87
59
88
66
39
66
41
55
43
66
89
7 15
.5
F.
85
S
36
60
87
57
40
55
41
60
88
8 3
• 6
S.
34
1
35
6
36
57
89
66
40
87
8 48
7
Su.
6 8
5 83
S 3
5 88
6 1
5 34
5 68
5 87
5 57
6 89
6 1 |5 85 I
9 Sim
8
M.
80
8
81
3
33
69
86
67
88
3
88
10 13
9
Tu.
38
4
39
3
81
S
85
66
86
3
83
10 69
10
W.
37
5
38
4
30
.
84
66
85
8
81
1189
11
Th.
35
6
36
6
38
1
33
60
84
4
39
isa
12
F.
34
7
35
6
37
3
31
6
83
5
S8
056
13
S.
10
33
8
33
7
35
8
30
83
6
96
143
14
Su.
6 11
5 30
6 10
5 23
6 8
5 34
6 8
5 39
6 1
6 81
6 7 535
9aaa
15
M.
13
18
11
30
9
33
4
37
80
a\ 98
896
16
Tu.
18
17
13
19
10
31
6
36
39
9' 93
494
17
W.
15
15
13
17
11
19
6
35
38
10 ! 30
638
18
Th.
16
14
14
16
13
18
6
34
37
11 19
638
19
F.
17
13
15
M
13
16
7
33
36
13 1 17
7 21
20
S.
16
11
16
13
14
15
6
33
36
18 ! 16
8 16
21
sir.
630
5 9
6 17
5 11
6 15
5 14
6 9
5 31
6 6
5 34
S 14 5 16
9 ea
22
M.
31
8
18
10
16
13
9
SO
38
16, 14
96*
23
Tu.
23
6
19
9
17
11
10
18
33
16 13
10 49
24
W.
33
6
30
7
18
11
17
31
17 11
1189
25
Th.
34
8
33
6
19
8
13
16
30
18 10
g
26
F.
35
3
33
6
30
7
13
U
19
19 9
D3im
27
S.
36
34
4
31
6
18
14
10
18
30 8
135
28
Su.
aTm"
450
8 35
5 3
633
5 5
S 14
5 18
6 11
5 17
6 31 6 7
3 3im
29
M.
30
56
36
34
4
15
13
13
16
33 1 ^
3 18
30
Tu
80
57
37
469
35
3
16
11
13
16
38 4
4 18
31
W.
33
55
36
66
36
1
17 1 10
18
14
34| 8
5 7
1856.
] Oeiober has TMrty-one Days. 27 1
Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets. |
90tt
1.1 day 11
7th day. ||
13th day |
19lh day.
*^Mh (<Kv 1
Uhs.
Dec. i
wuths.
Dec
souths.
Dec.
souths.
Dec. 1
SOUthi^.
bee.
h.
m.
O 1
h.m.
(
b.m.
1
h.m.
1
h.ip.
1
^
1 14a
—18 46
Iisa -
-16 40
1 laa
—19 S
1 108 —40 36.
0498
— ^D 8
9
11 Mm
— 10 33
looom-
— 8 14
10 98m
— 6 4
10 im
-4 16.
9 40m
— 8
84B
+16 3.
8 89 +16 16
899
+14 7
8 19 +1366|
8 9
+1146
E
8
Ma
-x^^
8 Ua -HM 18
7688
—33 64
7898
—38 99
7188
—31 8
1
loaoa
— 6 61
10 oa -
-7 7
98«a
— 8 18
9 88
-999
8438
—10 18
5
3 19ID
+ ^4I
1 69m + 4 94|
1 96m
+ 4,
66m + 8 48|
98m
+ 88-i
Jtf\9
sa
— 14 66 1
888a -
—16 J
8 148
— 1» 4
7608
—16 4
7 378
—16 2
ll 1 6 311D
-^2i 14 '
46em -
-99 14
4 86m
-|-M1!
4 nm
-99 18
8 47m
--33 13
9 |334
- -17 8i 1
9 10 -
-17 98
1 46
-|-n«
I 91
■-17 95
066
- -17 18
1
1
Moon rises or seta. Mean Time. |
High Water. Mean Time.
i
i'
1^
1^
2:
1^
4
|i
1^-
rises.
rises.
uses.
rises.
rises.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h.m.
h.m.
h,m.
h.m.
1
9 19a
937a
9868
9 678
10 78
9468
3388
11 80m
10 88m
9 38
2
10 13
10 90
10 S8
10 60
11 1
10 89
8 19
118
11 19
941
3
11 13
11 91
1138
1148
11 69
11 40
4 9
1 1
98
384
4
. « ■
• . •
• • •
• • •
» . .
• • •
6 14
9 6
1 14
489
5
15m
99IE
1 098m
46m
66m
4om
6 4m
8 40
948
6 18
6
1 17
1 98
198
148
1 60
139
786
866m
6 19
490
7 om
S.
9 90m
3 9411!
1 9 99m
9 40m
9 46m
9 89m
6 918
6998
898
8
S31
894
899
884
8 39
386
968
6 46m
6 13
9 18
9
439
494
496
498
4 81
483
10 30
799
6 80m
966
10
'sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
11 8
7.66
7 8
10 38
11
648a
6 46a
648a
6 648
6 688
6 69a
11 31
898
7 31
10 66
U
6 4
6 6
6 13
699
698
6 17
08
869
6
1196
13
680
686
6 41
664
7 9
6 46
29
9 31
699
11 64
8.
7 9a
7 9a
7 16a
7 888
7 498
7 988
1 oa
959m
9 om
968
15
743
760
7 67
8 18
829
8 7
1 31
10 93
9 81
066
16
883
8 41
8 49
9 11
999
869
3 4
10 66
10 4
199
17
988
946
964
10 16
10 96
10 <f
348
1186
10 43
9 8
IB
lOflO
10 67
11 6
1134
1184
11 8
897«
198
11 27
969
19
. . .
• • •
. . .
• • •
• • .
• . •
428
1 90
988
8 63
20
8m
197m
i4n
1 9om
86m
43m
93m
147m
6
969
9
696
S.
1 8in
1 1 86ra
147m
1 64ro
6 5ora
4 80a
3 888
6 16m
22
346
349
3 61
368
3 9
8 9
893
647
466
7 47
23
4 8
4 4
4 6
4 6
4 8
4 U
994
6 lom
6 49
8 49 ,
24
rtses.
rtses
. nses.
rises.
rtses.
rises.
10 18
7 6
6 ism
9 88
25
ft lea
6 99a
6 968
6868
6 49a
6 898
10 54
7 46
664
10 19
26
640
6 64
6
6 14
6 93
6 8
1137
899
787
11 3
27
636
689
680
6 67
7 6
8 47
168
9 8
8 16
1141
S.
7 9a
7 17a
7 948
7 458
7 668
7 848
55a
947m
8 66m
0908
29
8
8 8
8 16
838
848
897
184
10 96
984
069
30
860
9 7
9 16
986
946
936
9 14
11 6
10 14
1 39
31
10 8
10 10
10 17
10 86
10 48
10 38
966
11 48
10 66
9 91
28 November, Eleventh Month, begins on Thursday. [1855.
Twilighi beKina and ends. Mean Time.
1 SI (lav. 1' 7ih day. |l 1 :3th day.
19th dav.
25th day.
Begin
h. m.
:«. iMidd.l Begins
h. m. , h. m.
lMidd.||iiegms.i
h. m. I ! h. m. |
l!.n4ls
h.m.
Begins. Ends,
h. m. h. m.
Begins. Ends,
h. m. h. m.
Bopton,
4fi6I
n 68oa
1 6 6X1]
6 38a
6iim
6 188
6 nm 6 14a
' 6 9Bm| 6 iia
N. York,
407
6 81
l5 4
634
6 10
6 19
6 16 6 16
6 91
6 18
Wash'n,
4 67
6 81
|6 8
696
6 8
6 91
6 18 6 18
6 19
6 16
Charles.,
464 ' 684
1460
699
6 3
636
6 7 638
^13
633
N.Ori's,
468 1 686
,466
6 31
6 1
638
6 6 636
6 9
636
S.Fran.,
466 683
l6 3
637
16 7
633
6 n 6 19
6 17
6 16
PRA8B9, AND APOOBB AND PBRIOBB, OF TBS MOON.
Ust Quarter, 1st day, Oh. 9.6m. A. f Firei Quarter, 16th day, 6h. Mm, A-
New Moon, 9lh " 2 23.8 A. | Full Moon, 23d " 2 43.5 A.
Apogee, 3d day, 5h. A. | Perigee, 19th day, 7h. M.
1
1
'5
1
Sun's tqajper limb rises and sets (cor. for refr.) Mean Ttme.
!^
1^
1^
rues.
h. m.
sets
h. ra.
rtses
h. m.
sets
h. ro.
rises
h. m.
sets.
h. Ill
nses
h.m
sets.
h.pi.
nses
h.m.
sets
b.in
rises.] seU.
h. m.|h.m.
h.in.
1
Th.
683
4 64
630
4 67
637
6
6 17
6
6 14
6 13
636 6 S
6 67in
2
F.
84
68
31
66
96
460
18
16
13
36! 1
644
3
S.
86
61
83
66
39
66
19
16
13
37;
797
4
Su.
686
4 50
633
463
630
4 57
630
5 7
6 16 |6 11
6 38 4 60
8 9in
6
M.
88
49
85
63
81
66
31
17
10
39
68
8 49
6
Tu.
40
48
36
61
83
56
33
18
30
67
939
7
W.
41
47
37
60
33
64
33
18
81
66
10 9
8
Th.
43
46
38
49
86
63
34
19
88
66
10 69
9
F.
43
44
39
46
86
63
36
30
84
64
1187
10
S.
44
43
41
47
87
61
36
31
35
68
09ia
11
Su.
645
4 43
6 43
446
638
4 60
636
5 1
6 33
6 6
6 36 ;4 63 I
1 9oa
12
M.
46
41
43
46
39
49
37
38
87
61
2 18
13
Tu.
48
40
44
44
40
48
38
33
88
60
3 18
14
W.
49
39
45
43
41
47
39
34
89
49
4 16
15
Th.
60
89
46
43
43
47
80
4 60
36
40
49
6 16
16
F.
63
88
48
43
43
46
81
66
36
41
48
6 U
17
S.
Su.
68
87
49
41
45
46
33
68
37
48
47
7 8
18
6 54 4 36
»dO
4 40
6 46
4 44
6 33
4 58
6 38
5 3
6 44 |4 47 1
7 63a
10
M.
55
85
61
40
47
44
84
67
38
46
46
8 40
20
Tu.
56
84
63
39
48
43
35
67
39
46
46
938
21
\V.
68
84
64
38
49
43
36
66
80
47
46
10 18
22
Th.
60
83
66
88
60
43
86
66
81
48
46
11 10
23
F.
7
83
66
37
61
43
87
66
33
40
44
*
24
S.
33
67
87
63
41
88
66
33
60
44
6111
25
Su.
7 3
181
6 56
4 37
6 63
4 41
6 39
4 66
B88
» 1
6 61 4 48 1
1 sm
26
M.
81
69
86
64
40
40
66
84
63
48
160
27
Tu.
81
7
86
66
40
41
66
86
63
48
366
28
W,
80
1
36
66
39
43
64
86
64
43
346
29
Th.
30
3
35
67
39
48
64
87
66
43
486
30
F.
39
8
34
68
89 44
64
88
66
43
639
1855
.] Naoamber has Thirty Days. 29
PtangB of the Meridiaa (omb Uim) •ad DwliiMtioo of the PUnele. |
Uitffte. Dec. U
h-m. o ••
9 11MII~U»1
niidir. i; laibdij. i
19th dav. 1
tetkiiaj.
wMtkB. Dec
1 m* — ^18 S9
»mit*e.
rh.m.
!10S9ID
Dec
O 1
— lor
h-m.
Msom-
Dec
O 1
—1141
«eirt*s. Dec
'»!.«. O 1
10 S4m — U 15
J.tll 390<tl0 1 S9«i9 1
> 7« 4-10 »1 7 41 i-|-9ft!7S»
S ' • sia • — M » 1 6 asa :— 4i 44 1
5 11!
-S6t
+ 7«
854 — S67
734 -|-«40
t 8 00 — 5 16
l7ia +5 87
1 '
•
8 14a 11 14 j
11 49 -)- > >^ ^
7 14 86
7 5ia ; — 11 64
1 30 -f"* *
S 88 — ^14 49
7 SSa —18 Sf
:i0 5i -}-s ]
6 16 —14 8f
7 6a — IS 60
10 33 -|-3 2
6 54 — 14 37
1
6 458 — IS 7
;966 -l-S 6
i 5 83 i— 14 IS
»l
S 19in - -SS 13
3 64m - -32 15
339m
--ai li
3 4m - -32 12
1 1 som - -32 13
V
» - -17 Ml
OS - -17 IC
1185a
- -17 I
11 loa |- -17 1
.10 458 r -16 31
i
1
Moon riaea or eeta. Meaa Time.
High Water. Mean Time. |
4
1^
1^
1*
1*
4
!•
li
1
met.
h.in.
11 6a
Tiaes.
h-m.
11 isa
mes.
h. m.
u 18a
ritta.
h.m.
1134a
rises,
h. m.
1143a
rises,
h. in.
1130a
h.ro,
8 448
h.m.
368
h.m.
1144m
h.m.
8 98
3
...
. . .
• . •
.
4 48
185
0488
4 8
3
9m
oum
19m
osim
088m
38m
6 8
3
3 6
683
&
1 ism
1 16m
1 19m
1 38m
183m
138m
6 6im
4238
8 818
6 16m
5
3 14
3 16
3 18
328
336
326
8 8
6 81
439
783
6
8 16
8 17
3 17
8 18
330
836
9 8
6 om
6 31
883
7
4 19
4 19
4 18
4 16
4 16
426
960
643
6 8
9 16
8
9
638
sets.
636
sHs,
634
seis.
6 17
sets.
5 15
sets.
6 31
sets.
10 34
10 67
7 16
7 49
6 34m
667
949
10 39
10
5 3a
5 6a
5 16a
6 81a
639a
633a
11 28
830
738
10 63
S.
6 4ia
6 48a
6 56a
6 16a
6 35a
6 6a
la
8 63m
8 im
11 96m
12
630
686
6 46
7 8
7 19
666
086
928
636
18
13
730
788
746
8 8
8 18
768
1 11
10 8
9 11
86
14
8 41
848
966
9 16
926
9 7
1 49
10 41
9 49
1 14
15
958
10 4
10 11
10 38
10 86
10 23
388
1136
10 33
1 68
16
U 13
11 18
1133
1186
11 43
1184
398
168
11 38
9 48
17
428
190
988
8 63
S.
29m
33m
36m
44m
49m
46m
6 63a
3 448
1 528
6 178
19
1 45
147
148
151
1 64
168
6 82m
4 6
3 13
6 67m
20
359
3 3
359
356
3 69
3 8
7 62
6 17
435
7 17
21
4 15
4 18
4 11
4 6
4 4
430
863
6 11
6 17
8 18
22
533
699
635
6 16
6 11
6 82
944
6 36m
6 7 19 9
23
nses.
nses.
nses.
nses.
nses.
nses.
10 83
794
6 3Sm
9 67
24
469a
6 6a
6 14a
5 88a
6 4ia
6 3ia
11 10
8 8
7 16
10 41
&
648a
6d6a
6 4a
6 26a
6 36a
6 14a
11 56m
8 48m
7 56m
11 Sim
26
644
653
7
7 21
7 82
7 11
888
9 3
888
88
27
7 47
764
8 3
823
8 33
8 13
1 17
10 9
9 17
49
28
8 51
866
9 4
9 21
9 30
9 16
167
10 49
9 67
133
29
906
10 1
10 6
10 20
10 37
10 17
3 39
11 31
10 39
3 4
30
10 59
11 S
H) 7
11 17
11 82
11 17
828
16
11 99 1 3 48
3*
[30 Decemher, Tiveyth Month, begins an Saturday. [1855.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean Time.
]
lai day.
7th day.
ISihday. |
I9th day. i(
25th day. |
Begins
h. m.
. Eodd.;
h. m. 1
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins 1
, h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins
h.m.
. Ends,
h. m.
Boston,
d39n
1 6 9a
6 35m
6 9a 1 6 40m{
6 18a
643m
6 loa
6 46m| 6 14a|
N. York,
6-27
6 II
638
6 11
637
6 11
6 41
6 18
644
6 16
Wash'n,
6 25
6 13
530
6 14
1 684
6 14
68a.
6 16
6 41
6 19
Charles.,
6 17
6 21
622
632
696
6 28
630
636
683
638
N. Orrs,
6 13
626
6 18
626
6!24
6 27
626
629
628
683
S. Fran., 6 94
6 14
628
6 16
1 6 82
6 16
686
6 18 >
689
6 91
PHASES. AND AP008B AND PBRIGBB, OF THB MOON. |
Uiitt Quarter, 1st day, 9h. 3.6m. M
New Moon, 9th " 5 10.1 M
FiMt Quarter, 16th " 1 48.7 M
Full Moon, 23d day, 5h. 31.3m. M.
Last Quarter, 3l8t '^ 6 66.6 M.
Apogee, Isi day, Ih. A. | Perigee, 13th day, llh. A. | Apogee, 29ih day, lOh. M.
jd
1
i
o
m
>»
a
Sun's upper limb rises and sets (cor. for refr.) Mean Time.
IS
4
a
s
1'
a
r
1^
i
55
San Francis-
co, Ac.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h.ra.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h.m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
b. m.
rises.
b. m
sets.
h. m.
rises
h. m
sets.
h. m.
h. m.
1
s.
7 9
4 29
7 4
4 34
668
4 30
6 44
4 64
6 39
5
6 54
4 43
6 4m
2
7 10
4 28
7 6
4 33
669
4 38
646
464
6 39
6
666
4 41
6 44m
3
M.
11
28
6
33
7
38
46
64
40
OT
41
734
4
Til.
13
28
7
33
1
38
47
64
41
68
41
8 4
5
W.
14
28
8
88
2
38
48
64
42
60
41
846
6
Th.
15
28
9
38
3
38
49
54
43
7
41
939
7 •
F.
16
28
10
33
4
88
49
64
43
1
41 I '10 17 1
8
S.
17
28
11
38
6
38
50
54
44
2
41 !
1110
9
Sii.
7 17
4 28
7 12
4 38
7 6
i 38
6 61
464
S45
6 1
7 3
4 41|
7a
10
M
18
28
IS
33
7
38
62
64
46
4
41 { 1 8
11
Tu.
19
28
14
38
8
38
62
65
46
6
41 ;| 2 10
12
W.
20
28
16
33
8
38
63
66
47
6
42 '! 3 10
13
Th.
21
28
15
33
19
39
64
65
47
6
49 '! 4 7
14
F.
22
28
16
34
10
39
64
55
48
7
42;j6
42 1 6 50
15
S.
22
29
17
34
11
39
65
56
49
8
16
Su.
7 23 429
7 18 ,4 34
7 11
4 40
6 66
466
6 49
6 3
7 8
4 43 j 6 37a
17
M.
24
29
18
34
12
40
66
67
60
9
43|i7 24
18
Tu.
25
29
19
36
13
41
67
67
60
10
44 |: 8 13
19
W.
25
30
20
35
14
41
66
67
51
11
44 1 9 3
20
Th.
26
30
20
30
15
41
66
68
61
4
12
44
9 65
21
F.
26
31
21
36
16
42
69
56
62 6
12
45
10 60
52
S.
Su,
27 31
21
37
16
42
59
59
62
13
46
11 46
23
7 27 ,4 32
7 22 4 37
7 16
4 43
7
4 59
6 63
6 6
7 13
446
g
24
M.
27
82
22
38
17
43
5 0.
63
M
46
48B1
25
Tu.
28
83
22
38
17
44
64
.
14
47
187
26
W.
28
34
23
39
17
45
1
1
64
14
48
238
27
Th.
29
34
23
40
18
45
1
1
54
16
48
3 15
28
F.
29
35
24
40
18
46
2
2
66
16
49
369
29
S.
Su.
29
36
24
41
18
46
2
3
66
10
16
49
4 40
30
729
4 36
7-24
4 42
7 19
4 47
7 2
5 4
6 66
6 10
7 16
4 60
6 lora
n
M.
80
37
24
42
19
48
8
4
66
11
16
61
668
18&5.] December has Thirty-ont Bays.
- 311
Ftasa^ of the Meridian (meaa lime) and Declination of the Pluneu. |
let day.
7lhday. jl
13th day. 1
ISlhday. 1
26th day.
90Uih9.
Dec.
souths*
Dec.
souihs.
Dec.
iouths
Dec
souths.
Dec.
h. m.
O 1
h. m.
O 1
h. m.
O f
h. m.
1
h.m.
o #
^
10 4Sm
—nil
10 66m
— 19 66
11 iim •
■-39 13
1197m-
—93 61
1146m
— 94 41
J
8 47
— 649
846
— 838
846 -
—10 94
846 -
—19 16
848
— 14 7
i
7 1
+ 4 1.
648
+ » ■>
6 86 +9 Ol
638 +066
6 9
6942
— 18 19
6 4a
—13 34
646a -
—18 34
938
+ 8 18
9 1
+ 884
886 +366II
8 iia +4 30|
7 47a
+ 461
21
6 18
— 13 67
4 93
— 18 40
4 39 -
—13 30
4 13 -
—13 60
368
—19 86
h
1 ism
--33 12
47m
--33 13
39m-
-93 13
1163 -
-93 13
1196
--93 11
w
]0 2ia
4-16 68
9 66a
+16 60
9838 -
-16 46
9 8 -
-16 43
848
- -16 41
1
Moon rises or sets. Mean Time.
High Water. Mean Time.
1
!■
1
r
1
u
h
S5
1^
4
!•
1^
Tua.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
h.m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h.m.
h. m
h. m.
1
• • •
. . .
4ioa
1 3a
loa
3 35a
s.
sm
8m
6m
ism
18m
15m
6 8a
3 oa
1 8a
48Sa
3
1 8
1 4
1 6
1 8
1 10
1 13
6 31
8 18
3 31
646
4
S 4
3 4
3 4
3 3
3 3
3 11
6 66m
430
338
6 3im
5
3 7
8 6
8 4
360
368
3 10
767
6 18
496
733
6
4 M
4 11
4 8
869
366
4 16
863
6 11
6 19
8 18
7
633
6 19
6 16
6 3
4 68
630
940
683m
5 69
9 6
8
sets.
sets.
sets,
4 39a
sets.
sets.
s ts.
10 18
7 10
6 18m
943
S.
4 38a
4 8ia
4 68a
6 loa
4 60a
10 68ro
7 60m
6 68m
10 33m
10
530
638
636
6 8
6 9
6 48
11 40
883
7 40
11 6
11
639
687
6 44
7 6
7 15
667
18a
9 10
8 18
11 43
V2
744
7 61
786
8 10
8 35
8 10
1 3
954
9 3
3Ta
13
9 3
9 7
9 13
9 7
9 34
934
147
10 39
9 47
1 13
14
10 30
10 34
10 38
10 7
10 43
10 88
333
11 25
10 33
1 68
15
11 86
11 38
11 60
11 6
U 48
11 60
836
17 a
11 35
360
&
. . .
. . .
. . .
. • .
433a
1 14a
23a
3 47a
17
049in
49m
60m
6om
6im; 69m|
696
3 17
1 35
460
18
3 3
3 3
3 1
1 66
1 65
3 9
636
8 27
340
6
19
8 17
3 14
8 n
3 3
3
3 19
7 7m
434
843
6 33m
20
480
436
4 31
4 8
4 4
498
8 15
640
446
7 40
21
643
6 37
6 31
6 U
5 8
688
9 17
6 9m
6 44
843
22
rises.
rtses.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
10 8
7
6 8m
988
S.
4 8ia
4 39a
4 47a
6 9a
6 30a
4 66a
10 60m
7 6im
6 60m
10 34m
24
683
640
6 47
6 8
6 18
639
1146
888
746
11 11
25
686
648
660
7 8
7 18
7 1
97a
9 19
837
11 63
26
740
7 46
7 61
8 6
8 14
8 3
1 8
10
9 8
33a
27
846
849
864
9 6
13.
9 8
147
10 89
9 47
1 13
28
9 47
960
963
10 1
10 6
10 S
328
11 16
10 33
148
29
10 60
10 69
10 64
11 62a
10 67
11
11 1
8 1
11 68
11 1
3 36
S.
11 6ia
11 6ia
11 63a
1164a
1160a
3 39a
3Ja
11 39m
3 4a
31
4 31
1 13
9ia
8 46
82
PHBNOMBNA.
[1855.
PHENOMENA, 1855.^
Mean Timt, Washington.
d. h. m Q ,
JANUARY.
18 8 39m b great elong. is 6 E.
d. h. m.
19 11 66a 5 <5 9 ? 7 11 S.
1 4 iia O in Perignee. q ,
30 10 4m g <5 9 §*8 3D N.
I 90Mi ^ i Jll ^088S.
1 fiaa > greatest Hel. Lat. S.
3 6 14m $ ^^dAquarii^ICO 3 S.
31 8 18a H 3 C 9 8 S.
33 6 66m S D Q.
33 10 17a I2 <{ C I2 8 87 S.
6 13m b in Aphelion.
6 9 34m 2 6c $ 18 49 N.
34 11 Mm b Stationary.
36 4 4im ^ ({ y $ 11 60 S.
6 4 63a Qin Perihelion.
37 4 8m li D ©.
13 1 4oa 9 in Aphelion.
17 1146a 5 <J <C g 339N.
38 7 67m y greatest Hel. Lat N.
38 8 11m ;; <$ <^ ${ 4 89 N.
16 48a 9 ^ :;; 9 47 S.
18 4 18a ^ ^ <C 4? 4 20 N.
18 43Ba93C 9843N.
MARCH.
19 7 nm ^ ^ C J 4 7 N.
30 3 86a B in Sup. i Q.
30 ona 5 <5^iSagi.*(4-.6)E.
d. h. m. ;
4884a?<J^ ?744S.
6 6 34m ^ in Inf. i ©.
30 11 36a 9 stationary.
6 6 62m ^ greatest Hel. Lat S.
31 8 46a <J 9 $ 17 66 N.
13 9 3a ? <J ©.
33 10 3oa g i fi^ Sagit.^lc s N.
16 9 88m Jl i iL J2^ 4 41 N.
366 4m g^:;; ^184S.
16 11 6em 5 3 C a 7 3 N.
35 10 9m ^ greatest Hel. Lat. S.
18 6 nm ^ 3 C J 3 60 N.
36 11 89m 9 ({ C 9 13 N.
18 4 la § stationary.
36 1 la ^ in Perihelion.
19 8 80a 9 <$ <C 9 I8ON.
30 11 oa © enters V. co-S^If...
978 83ali<5<C 17838S.
37 8 sia ^ {{ 9 ^^ ^^ ^*
99 9 40a J7 ^ ©.
31748m9<$C 9036S.
33 9 um >i 3 <C li 8 61 S.
33 7 8oa b in Q.
36 6 63m S stationary.
FEBRUARY.
d.h.m.
1 11 la H D O*
3 3im 5 <J«Aquar.*(o-.8)E.
39 11 sa 5 <5.XAqna.*(8F-j>)W.
APRIL.
4 10 37m 9 greatest Hel. Lat. S.
d.h.in.
7836m9<J^ io8iS.
7 10 88a y ^ ^ g occulted.
83 66ai;<$9 ${oa7N.
1 6 7a 9 in Q.
3 63m g <5 TT Capri. * (8P-.7)W.
3 63a g<JwCaprL^(3-.3)E.
9 9 63m ti stationary.
3 8 na y great, elong. S7 46 W.
13 6 um 2 ^ 0.
3 8 36a 4/! <J ;t Capri. )|c 3 N.
13 10 7m g in Q.
li IU2L JH i iC Jj; 4 36 N.
17 6 18m ^ ^ <C jj 8 60 N.
17 86a ^ 3 $ ^ 9 46 S.
s 11 96a y in Aphelion.
8 6 62mjS<J^Capri.3|c((P-.8)W.
4 7 Mm a <5 V Capri, sfc 7 S.
79 7a9<59 9089N.
17 3 17a 9 3 C 9 8 19 N.
9 10 48a > <5 ©.
17 4 33a {{ ({ C i2 6 68 N.
13 3 nm i 3 <C JJ? 4 43 N.
17 11 48a § in Perihelion.
14 11 4om g in Q
1855.]
d. Il in.
PHXNOMBNA.
Mean Time, 1Fm$kingtam,
15 Mm 9 in Aphelion.
18 6 96m ^ 6 <L
n 8 3ia 9 3 <C
18 794a 9 6 <L
19 II sa h 6 €.
91 10 om ^ i ^
1 iN.
^ laoN.
9 38 S.
9 88S.
^4 SS.
$ 5 60S.
7 35m 9 <5 AiTauri*(6-.6)W.
9 95m ^ greatest Hel. Lat S.
9 45m 9 (JviTauri* (0^.3) E.
11 7m 9 3 wiTaiiriJIc o 9 S.
d. h. m.
1 . .
MAY.
<C eclipsed, Tis. at Wash"*
6 h 9 a 44' N.
in Perihelion.
S t Tauri * 4 N.
(JO.
K 85 S.
:j;4 34N.
6
6 _
D 0.
6 ¥
. in 8.
IS 7 i5m $ in Sup.
IS 6 43m ^ <J C v^
15 . . . O eclipsed, inv. at Wash".
15 8 3m 9 <$ C! 9 47 S.
16 4 19m ^ 3 <C ^ 48 S.
16 11 4a § in Perihelion.
17 s 9om J <5 ¥ <y 19 N.
ni53ali<JC >i4i8S.
18 11 95a 9 6 C 9 3 8 S.
9 4N.
©.
^ oaeS.
;s3 e
7 sm Q j O int. of light 0.815.
6m 9 ^ cGemi.^lC occulted.
53m 9 3 c Gemi. sj: (o"".2) W.
6 M 4; D ©.
irm^ i h 538 N.
37 4 5im 9 greatest Hel. Lat. N.
7 19m ^ greatest Hel. Lat. N.
9om g in Q.
JUNE.
5 9 9a y ^eGemin.*(3-.5)E.
t oamjjf i <L J2;4i7N.
6 9 9om C 3 tf Gemin. 3|c 4 N.
d. h. m.
10 A 14a 12 ^ O* o ,
11 5 5sa 9 ^ C 9 67 S.
13 11 34a $ ({aPiscium 3|c(4P'.i)E.
u 3 16m ^ ^ C ^ > 1 S*
14 49m$3<C ^49lS.
14 7 07a § great elong. 94 36 E.
16 11 S7m § ^ <C 9 4 * S*
18 1 38m 9 ^ <C 9 * 11 S*
19 9 4im § D O*
19 6 45a 5 i<^ 8-
31 7 4ia enters 25.
99 7 13m Jll stationary.
» 10 43m 5 stationary.
99 10 4oa § in Apheuon.
JULY.
d. h. m.
3 4 98a fi stationary. ^ ,
8 8 10m ^ <$ C .2^ 3 58 N.
3 10 53a O in Apogee.
6 10 8om i 6 h ^ 1 87 N.
7 1148m 9 ^aLeonis;|c{8F»-j6)W.
9 1 53m 9 <$ C 9 1 13 S.
11 5 9a l2 ^ C V*mS.
11 10 55a ^ ^ C! ^ 3 10 S,
13 11m ^ in Inf. i 0.
18 11 3om 9 ^oLeoni8;|c(7"-u))W,
13 9 48a ^ <5 C; y 9 86 S.
17 6 la 9 <Jx^^"i**(«^-*)E.
n 10 5ia 9 ^ C; 9 4 18 S.
18 10 53a jj stationary.
90 8 4om S greatest Hel. Lat. S
91 353a $ <5vCeti5|c(5-.i)W.
93 6 83m 9 ^^ Q-
3-2 3 3ia ^ Stationary.
38 5 9m 9 great elong. 46 36 E.
94 6 53m 9 stationar^r.
37 8 59m 9 ^ r Leonis 3|C 3 S.
37 10 35m 9 ^r Leonis 5|c(o"'.9)W.
80 8 sa Jj; <J C :Sr345N.
AUGUST.
d. h. m.
1 6 63m 2 ^ a>Pi8cium:|c (6"*.8)E.
O I
1 9 16m 5 great, elong. 10 19W
8 1 ssm ^ D 0.
59 4m9^C 9139S.
84
PHBKOMENA.
Mean IVme, WaMngton,
[1855.
d. h. m. o I
84 37111 >2^<C >J468S.
8 8 37m y in Q.
II 3 lom § ^ <C $ 4 as S.
IS 10 soa 8 in Perihelion.'
15 11 46m g j O int. of light 3.387
14 3 7m H D O*
i« 11 40m 9 D 0«
16 6 nm 9 <{ C $ 6 36 S.
31 3 18m ^ g Q.
38 6 8om $ greatest Hel. Lat. N.
35 7 34m 9 ^^ Aphelion.
35 8 43m 9 A^ greatest brilliancy.
98 11 13m ^ in Sup. ^
96 7 36a 4i^ ^ <r
37 35m n stationary.
31 6fl2a g ^41 Capri. *(8«»-.6)E.
^'3 46 N.
SEPTEMBER,
h. m.
7 Sim $ <5XPiscium3|c(3"\7)E.
o I
4 36a 9 ($ C 9 1 49 S.
3 43a >i ^ C >i 6 19 S.
10 4wn $ 6 €. ^ 4 11 S.
<J Capri. 3|c(7-.3)W.
9 stationary.^
stationary.
<5 C g 333S.
^ C 9 10 35 S.
S O int. of light 0.666
in C-
greatest Hel. Lat. S.
(5 9 a 8 33 N.
<J C ^3 66N.
n ©.
9 63m O enters £i:. JZ\nL,
9 67a S in Aphelion.
10 isa 5 <5 aVirg. 3|c(8"'.4)W.
3 4m n stationary.
11 34a ^ in f^,
I imjgi i <£ 9 1 67 S.
1 63a
6 60m
6 63m
18 9m
3 6im
638a
6 la
3 8m
6 33m
1 um j^
ssom I2
?
5
OCTOBER.
d. h. m.
1 16 14II1 9 in Inf. ^ ©. , ,
3 iim h ($ <r b 6 »4 S.
3 11 40m $ ({i/rScorp.3|c(9^-.8)W.
d. h. m.
6 1 ism $ ($ ^ Aquarii 3|c(o^'.7)E.
O /
6 4 3Sm ^ i <L ^ 3 66 S.
9 8 47m 9 6 <C 9 10 58 S.
11 1 ssm ^ great elong.. 34 66 K
13 435a 12 stationary.
13 1 11m ^ ({ C ^ 3 13 S.
16 7 65a ^ greatest Hel. Lat. S.
19 10 4om jI stationary.
19 4 soa 9 stationary.
90 7 38m 21 6 ^ 21 A aN.
90 457a ^ <JaLeoni8^(ii"''.8)W.
33 6 Sim b stationary.
34 6 6sm ^ greatest Hel. Lat N.
34 . . . <C eclipsed, vis. at Wash"*
36 3 4m g<5 f Capri. *(7"-.8)W.
36 9 5im 9 ($ C 9 1 64 S.
99 8 46m h 6 ^ 1^ 6 38 S.
31 3 im ^ f int. of light 0.861.
NOVEMBER.
d. h. m.
3 7 4im g in Inf. <$©.,»,
6 € <? 3 S.
stationary.
3 losaa
3 10 e9a
4 7 53m § in Q,
6 11 oa 9 <5 C
6
8 4S5a
8 935a
9
11
13
9 4 13 S.
3 sm 5 &t greatest brilliancy.
5 <J C a 1 84 N.
^ in Perihelion.
. . . O eclipsed, inv. at Wash"'
1 55a 9 ^ ©.
3 4m ^ stationary.
15 333m J ^x^®®'^*®*(*"'*'')^"
13 9 65m 9 in Q*
14 6 18m ft D ©.
16 9 33m g <5 jji?
16 3 48a 2 6 C
16 6 sia 21 U ©.
18 4 7m (J <5 cr Leonis 5|c 4 S.
18 ssa ^ itr Leonis 5|c (o"*.?) W.
19 6 43m \i greatest Hel. Lat. N,
19 7 ssa ^ great, elong. 19 83 W.
33 6 4ia ]g[ ($ <C 9 1 47 S.
33 6 52m 9 <5 d Virg. 3|c (4"m) E.
36 38a 4i?<J/ACapri.3|c(5"'«.3)W
35 3 6ia I2 ^ <r I2 6 31 s.
80 63a ^ greatest Hel. Lat. N.
ft 6 14 S.
^4 6N.
1855.]
BGLtPSSfi or THE BUN IN 1855.
$5
Mean 7Im<, WmikinfUm.
DECEMBER.
d. h. m.
2Q 8 40m enters VJ. co^i^I,,
d h. m. o 1
2a 9 12m 5 <5 ©. /
3 3 iia ^ <i <C <J 1 80 S.
228 48al2<5C h»»N.
32 9 14a ^ m Aphelion.
28 »Ma > c5 7Virg.*(8F^.9)W.
59 8in9($<C 9imN.
8 6 44m 9 ^ <C ^ >*13 N.
24 6 asm ^ stationary.
10 7 9oa 9 <J«Virg.5|c(8--.7)E.
26 4 2a S ($ y 9 11 16 N.
11 Sfioa 9 great elong. 46 48W.
98 6«a ^ <5yVirg.*(«F-.7)E.
13 a 14a i in 93.
98 10 8ia ^ D ©.
14 8i4m:5^ <5 C JJ^smN.
81 4 17m ^ ($ <C ^0 18 N.
w 7 69a 9 in Peahelion.
81 7 24m in Perigee.
18 «3]a \i g ©.
81 6 2Ba ^ in Sup. <$ ©.
19 11 36a 9 3 <C 9 1 46 S.
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN 1856.
Iw the year 1855, there will be two eclipsefl of the Sun, and two of the
Mood.
I. A total eclipse of the Moon, May 1st and 2d, 1855, vittble at Wash-
ington.
Furst contact with the shadow, May Ist, 9h. 6.1m. A. ^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^
Middle of the eclipgc, 10 56.8 A.>^j^j ^^
Last contact with the shadow. May 2d, 47.4 M. j
This eclipse will be visible in most of North Atnerica, in South Amer-
ica, and partially in Europe and Africa.
The following table contains the times for the beginning and end for the
places indicated.
Eclipra begins.
Eclipse ends.
h. m.
h. m.
Albany,
May 1st, 9 19.1 A.
May 2d
,1 0.5 M.
Baltimore,
4C
9 7.7
a
49.1
Boston,
U
9 29.9
•t
1 11.3
Charleston, S. C,
M
8 54.4
ct
35.8
Cincinnati, .
•<
8 36.3
••
17.7
Detroit, .
M
8 41.9
u
23.3
Halifax, N. S., .
•(
9 59.7
tt
1 41.1
LoQiaville, Ky.,
U
8 32.1
iC
13.5
Mobile,
U
8 18.1
May 1st, 11 59.5 A.
Montreal, .
«i
9 19.8
May 2d,
1 1.2 M.
New Orleans,
U
8 14.1
May Ist, 11 55.5 A.
New York,
««
9 18.1
May 2d,
595 M.
$6
ECLIPSES OF THE SUK IN 1856.
[1855.
Philadelphia,
Portland, .
St. Louis,
San Franciaoo,
Savanoah, .
WaahingtOD, .
Ectipas begins.
Maj Ist, 9 13.'4 A.
•* 9 335
*« 8 13.1
" 6 43
" 8 49.6
May 1st, 9 6.1 A.
Eclipse ends.
Maj2d, 0*54'% H.
« 1 14.6
May 1st, 11 54.5 A.
« 9 45.7
May 2d, 31^0 M.
May 2d, 47.4M.
II. A partial eclipse of the Sun, May 15th, 1855, invisible at Wash-
ington.
Begins on the earth generally, May 15th, 6h. 54.7ni. A. mean time at
Washington, in longitude 203^ 55' W. of Washington, and latitude 25® 16^ N.
Greatest eclipse at 8h. 53.0m. A. Magnitude (sun's diameter » 1} =
0.77, in longitude 266P l& W. of Washington, and latitude 62P 54' N.
Ends on the earth generally. May 15th, lOh. 51.2m. A., in longitude
370 14' W. of Washington, and latitude 58^ 56^ N.
This eclipse will be visible in Asia, in part of Europe, and in the north-
ern part of North America.
III. A total eclipse of the moon, October 25th, visible at Washington.
First contact with the shadow, Oct. 25th, Oh. 35.6m. M. ^ ||^^^ ^.^^ ^^
Middle of theeclipw « 2 21.0 M.j^^^j
Last contact With the shadow, •< 4 6.4 M. )
This eclipse will be visible chiefly in North and South America.
The times of bef^nning and end are as follows.
Eclipse begins.
Eclipse ends.
h. m.
h. m.
Albany, . .
Oct. 25tb, 48.7 M.
Oct 25th, 4 19.5 M
Baltimore,
" 37.3
u
4 8.1
Boston,
" 59.5
u
4 30.3
Charleston, S. C,
«« 24.0
ct
3 54.8
Cincinnati, .
« 5.9
<t
3 36.7
Detroit, .
" 11.5
4«
3 42.3
Halifax, N. S., .
" 1 29.3
ti
5 0.1
Louisville, Ky.,
" 1.7
U
3 32.5
Mobile, . .
Oct. 24th, 11 47.7 A.
<«
3 18.5
Montreal,
Oct. 25th, 49.4M.
<C
4 20J2
New Orleans, .
Oct. 24th, 11 43.7 A.
U
3 14.5
New York, .
. Oct. 25th, 47.7M.
U
4 18.5
Philadelphia,
«« 43.0
u
4 13.8
Portland,
" 1 2.8
it
4 33.6
St. Louis, .
Oct 24th, 11 42.7 A.
u
3 13.5
San Francisco,
" 9 33.9
u
1 4.7
Savannah,
Oct2$th, 19.2 M.
cc
3 50.0
Washington, .
. Oct 25th, 35.6M.
Oct 25th, 4 6.4 M.
EUBXBNTS OF THB SCUPSE8 OF THE BtTK.
97
1855.]
IT. A partial eclipse of the San, Noyember 9tb, 1855, inTiaible at
WashiDgton.
Begios OD the earth generally, NoTember 9thy Ob. 27.0m. A., mean time
at Washington^ in longitude 111^ 20' W. of Washington, and latitude
31° 21' S.
Greatest eclipse at 2h. aOm. A. Magnitude (sun's diameter » 1) 0.494,
in longitude 16P 53' W. of Washington, and latitude 62P 37' 8.
Ends on the earth generally, November 9th, 3h. 50.9m. A., mean time
at Washington, in longitude 28QP 24' W. of Washington, and latitude
68P52'S.
This eclipse will be yisible partially in Australia and in New Zealand.
ELEMENTS OF THE ECLIPSES OF THE SUN.
1855.
May 16.
November 9.
h. m. a.
h. m. a.
Washing* M. Time of i in R. A.
9 87 43.5
8 8 37.5
O and <C 's Right Ascension
8 39 7.57
14 57 43.95
C '8 Declination .
N. 99 4 08.1
_, O 1 »
S. 18 11 15.4
0*8 Declination
N. 18 06 48.3
S. 16 58 55.8
<C 's Horary Motion in R. A.
88 30.4
8139.4
0*8 Horary Motion in R. A.
3 38.3
3 81.3
C 'b Horary Motion in Declin.
N. 10 88.3
S. 11090)
O's Horary Motion in Declin.
N. 8«.3
S. 43.9
<C *8 Equatorial Horizon. Par.
«7 8.5
06 14.6
0*8 Equatorial Horizon. Par.
6Ji
8.7
<t 's True Semidiameter
15 86.1
15 31.5
O's True Semidiameter
16 61.3
16 11.8
38
OCCULTATIONS.
[1855.
OCCULTATIONS.
Elements for faeilUating the CaleulaUon of OeeuUatiotu vUiile at Washing'
Urn, in 1856.
Day of
Month.
Name of
Star.
I
Washington
Obaervatorjr,
Mean Time
of Con June in
R. A. of Moon
and Star.
Apparent
Ka.
of Star.
ATOMuent
Declination
of Star.
MooaN.
orS.of
Star.
Limiting
PUaUeia
between
which the
OcculLis
risible.
Jan. 1
139 Tauri
10 y Viroinis
" 125Tauri
31 IX Cancri
Feb. 3
7
Mar. 2
11
29
Apr. 18
30
May 5
10
28
JuDe28
30
July 7
28
Aug. 6
28
Oct 4
21
29
Nov.19
26
Dec.20
24
25
7 Leonis
B Virginia
3579 B.A.c.
A Ophiachi
42 Leonis
Venus
6 Virginis
3 Sagittarii
T* Aquarii
\ Virginis
3 Sagittarii
r Sagittarii
Piscium
7077 B.A.C.
Ai Tauri
^* Aquarii
o^ Cancri
^ Aquarii
136 Tauri
27 Piscium
47Geminor.
32 Tauri
c Geminor.
>i Cancri.
h. m. a.
9 19 89A.
6 91 47M.
7 1 SA.
8 788
68 MM.
4 3 17
6 34 6A.
4 36 87M.
9 40 97 A.
7 33 83A.
18 4M.
4 28 34M.
6fi6 43
8 31 ftA.
9 46 S7A.
3 43 36M.
6 39 IM.
8 80fi0A.
4 80 SIM.
147 83
1 10 aOM.
10 11 46A.
3 88 88M.
38 16M.
8 80 40A.
8 48 15A.
730 40
3 41 47M.
h. m. B.
5 49 0.M
13 84 18.48
6 80 48.74
8 1186.46
969 36.34
18 3 36J)7
10 31 4.66
17 6 36.96
10 14 8.39
8 44 8.76
IS 3 38.09
17 38 37.89
33 41 64.63
14 11 17.76
17 38 38.47
18 67 66.69
1 37 46.18
90 34 16.61
8 66 8.61
38 10 34att
36 66 6TJ»N.
89 13.18.
36 48 46.6N.
34 38 83J»
17 38 3.3N.
4 46 68.68.
16 4 69.6N.
96 98 9.68,
16 43 18.4N.
90 38 9.3N.
4' 46 60.98.
97 46 30.48.
14 31 34.6
13 43 17-1
31 60N.
40 89
30 8
33 19
6 ON.
66 40
33 36N.
38 41
84 8
87 69N.
41 87
o o
66N. 13N.
86 68.
66 I
69 8
48N.808.
86 UN.
69N. 168.
61 6
86 4
r. SN.
60 9gN.
64 11 76
14 68
97 46 99.08. 69 49N,
97 69 41.6 36 48
8 36 41.8N.
96 96 47.88.
91 41 9.6N
9 66 9.58.
7 63 10.91 36 47 11.3N.
98 10 95.06 9 68 10.48.
6 44 16.16 97 34 99.7N.
93 61 17.68
7 9 97.16
848 92.37
7 36 90.49
7 99 13.61
4 91 93.18.
97 6 36.6N.
39 3 46J)N.
26 7 27U)
95 47 4.6
90 SON,
68 48
47 98N.
93 7
96 97N.
19 98
8 16
3 668.
81 89N.
» UN.
33 48
16 66
, 7N,
10
SIS.
9N.
69N.
69 108.
64N.9S8.
66 18N.
90N.16
03 348.
76N. IN.
69 978.
47 16
40N.478.
84 IIN.
68N. lis.
ION.
63 88.
1855.]
ECUPSES OF THE SATELLITES OF JUPITER.
39
A TmbU shawittg the lUtaninated Portions of the Discs of Venus and Mars,
Thb numbers in this table are the versed sines of that portion of the
discs which, to an observer on the Earth, will appear to be illuminated,
the apparent diameters of the planets at the time being considered as
unity.
To a spectator on the Earth, Venus appears most brilliant when her
elongation is about 45°, and she is approaching her inferior conjunction, or
receding from it} in 1855 in August and November. Mars is most bril-
liant about the time of his opposition to the Sun, being then also nearest
to the Earth ; in which position he will not be this year.
1855.
VenuB.
Mara.
1855.
YenuB.
Mara.
January
15
0.991
0.987
July 15
0.531
0.982
February
14
0.968
0,994
August 15
0.343
0.969
March
15
0.929
0.999
September 15
0.078
0.952
AprU
May
15
0.865
1.000
October 15
0.066
0.934
15
0.780
0.998
November 15
0.337
0.917
June
15
0.667
0.992
December 15
0.521
0.905
ECLIPSES OF THE SATELLITES OF JUPITER IN 1855,
Visible in tho United States between Sunset and Sunrise^ Mean TVmf , Wash-
ington Observatory (Astronomical account).
Osttt.
Mean Time.
Phase.
Sat.
Date.
Mean Time.
Phase
Sat.
d.
h. m. 8.
d.
h. m. 8.
March
2
20 31 12.4
Im.
3
May 8
17 18 25.3
Im.
1
7
18 43 17.4
1
13
12 27 36.8
3
14
20 37 8.4
1
14
16 49 27.1
Em.
4
23
16 69 21.7
1
17
13 40 36.8
Im.
1
25
16 64 65.3
2
20
16 27 8.4
3
30
16 53 7.1
1
21
13 42 26.9
2
31
16 2 35.1
Em.
3
24
28
16 34 22.0
16 17 38.7
1
2
April
1
19 31 28.5
Im.
2
6
20 46 50.4
1
June 2
11 56 36 1
Tm.
1
7
16 29 19.3
3
4
18 52 42.3
2
8
16 15 16.2
1
7
19 22 0.3
1
8
22 7 51.4
2
9
13 50 26.5
I
14
20 29 4.0
3
16
10 46 8.2
2
15
17 8 58.3
1
16
15 44 22.1
1
19
14 2 25.1
2
18
10 12 53.8
1
22
19 2 39.5
1
18
12 40.2
Em.
3
24
13 31 2.7
1
22
13 19 54.2
Im.
2
26
16 38 18.8
2
23
17 38 22.1
1
27
16 56 48.8
4
26
25
12 6 65.3
12 27 13.8
1
3
May
1
15 24 43.6
Im.
1
25
16 21.0
Em.
3
3
19 14 2.5
2
29
16 64 36.3
Im.
2
6
12 1 44.8
Em.
3
30
19 32 27.6
1
40
ECLIPSES OF THE SATELLITES OF JUnTES.
[1855.
Bate.
Mean Time.
Phase.
Sat.
Data.
MeuTime.
Phaee.
Stt.
d.
h. m. 8.
d.
b. m. 0.
July 2
14 1 2.2
Im.
September 26
15 40.0
Em.
2
2
16 27. 6.1
27
9 44 20.1
1
3
17 31 19.2
6
18 29 15.1
October 1
1« 88 0.0
fin.
1
9
15 55 15.4
4
11 39 66.7
1
11
10 23 45.7
6
6 8 54.4
1
16
17 49 35.1
7
6 64 16.1
2
17
10 21 10.7
12
6 47 13.4
Im.
4
18
12 18 7.1
12
11 16 46.6
Em.
4
20
11 41 16.3
13
8 4 366
1
20
' 16 22 48.5
Em.
14
9 30 10.3
2
23
19 44 2.1
Im.
18
4 46 43.6
Im.
3
24
12 66 48.9
18
8 14 19.8
Em.
3
26
14 12 35.9
18
15 31 20.1
1
S6
7 17
20
10 18.9
1
27
8 41 17.8
21
12 6 15.1
2
31
8 29 46.1
22
4 29 13.0
1
31
16 30 28.6
26
6 48 21.0
Im.
3
25
12 16 30.4
Em.
3
Attgast 1
18 7 12.2
Im.
27
11 66 4.1
1
3
10 36 66.2
28
14 42 30.2
2
7
12 30 26.3
29
6 28 48.7
4
7
18 6 10.8
29
6 24 68.3
1
8
18 1 56.4
10
12 30 42.5
November 1
4 423
Em.
2
11
7 22 32.7
1
12 60 36.8
Im.
3
12
6 69 23.0
3
13 51 49.8
Em.
1
14
16 31 7.8
5
8 20 44.1
1
15
19 56 49.1
8
6 37 12.6
2
17
14 25 37.1
12
10 16 29.6
1
18
9 57 22.2
14
4 45 29.3
1
19
8 64 19.7
15
9 13 52.5
2
21
6 38 58.9
Em.
19
12 12 ia4
1
24
18 36 29.4
21
6 41 12.6
1
26
16 22 6.6
22
11 60 41.9
2
26
13 6 13.5
23
4 23 19.9
3
28
7 34 3.6
28
8 36 63.6
*1
30
4 59 7.1
Im.
3
September 1
17 67 4.6
Em.
30
8 24 44.6
Em.
3
2
15 23.7
4
9 29 15.7
December 6
10 32 32.1
Em.*^
1
6
7 14 36.0
7
5 1 23.1
1
6
8 5 62.3
7
9 1 11.3
Im.
3
9
16 55 40.9
7
12 26 16.3
Em.
3
10
11 24 34.7
in
6 23 13.7
2
12
9 49 43.2
12
12 28 6.7
1
12
12 7 11.7
n
14
6 66 66.9
1
13
6 53 20.9
17
9 29 9
2
18
13 20 0.1
18
7 63 19.3
Im.
4
19
12 25 9.3
18
12 6 35
Em.
4
19
16 8 68.4
21
8 62 26.3
1
20
7 48 47.9
23
3 21 19..1
1
26
12 31 41.3
Im.
24
11 37 63.1
2
26
15 15 308
Em.
28
10 47 60.8
1
25
17 4 24.5
4
30
5 16 4. .2
1
1855.] LATITUDS AKD LONGITUDE OF OBSERVATORIES.
41
PosUian and MagnUude of the Rings of Saturn^ aeeording to Bessd and
Struve^ for every FortiiSUi Day in the Yemr^ at 7 hours in the Morning,
Mean Time at Washington.
a.
b.
p.
/.
P.
7h. M.
1855, January
1
45^92
-20"27
~l2d.3
-S&lf.5
-SM3i.4
February
10
43.22
19.12
4 13.3
2614.9
2637.3
March
22
40.20
17.95
4 25.2
26 31.2
2642.0
May .
1
38.11
17.20
4 53.7
26496
2645.6
June
10
37.38
16.93
5 28.3
2656.3
2648.0
July
20
38.07
17.14
5 59.5
2646.1
2649.3
August
29
40.09
17.85
6 21.0
2626.7
2649.3
October
8
43.07
19.04
6 29.5
2613.9
2648.0
November
17
45.86
20.34
6 24.0
26 20.0
2645.6
December
27
46.65
20.93
6 7.9
2639.3
2642.0
u
32
46.55
20.91
6 5.5
2641.7
2641.6
a denotes the outer semi-transverse axis of the outer ring.
b *' ^ outer semi-conjugate axis of the outer ring, positive when the
northern suiface is visible, ne^tive when the southern.
p denotes the inclination of the northern semi-conjugate axes of the rings
to the circle of declination; -4- when East, — when West.
I ** *' angle of elevation of the Earth above the plane of the rings,
as seen from Saturn ; -f- when North, — when South.
I* *' " angl^of elevation of the Sun above the plane of the rings, as
seen from Saturn ; 4- when North, — when South.
The inner semi-transverse axis of the inner ring is ttoo thirds of a, di-
minished by 0''.07. The inner semi-conjugate axis of the inner ring is two
thirds ofb.
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF THE PRINCIPAL FOREIGN
OBSERVATORIES.
[The Longitudes are from Greenwich.]
Observatories.
Latitude.
Longitude in Time.
Altona, . .
Armagh, .
Berlin, .
Brussels, .
Cambridge, .
Cape of Good Hope,
Dorpat, .
Dublin, .
Edinburgh, .
Gottingen, .
Greenwich, .
Konigsberg,
Munich,
Paris, .
Pulkowa,
Rome,
Turin, .
Vienna,
&^&N
54 21 13 N.
52 30 17 N.
50 51 11 N.
52 12 52 N.
33 56 3 S.
58 22 47 N.
53 23 13 N.
55 57 23 N.
51 31 48 N.
51 28 38 N.
54 42 50 N.
48 8 45 N.
48 50 13 N.
59 4619 N.
41 53 52 N.
45 4 6 N.
48 12 35 N.
h. m. 8.
39 46.2 E.
26 35.5 W.
53 35.5 E.
017 27.6 E.
23.5 E.
113 56.0 E.
1 46 55 E.
25 22 W.
012 43.0 W.
39 46.1 E.
0.0
122 0.5 E.
46 26.5 E.
9 21.5 E.
2 118.7 E.
49 54.7 E.
30 48.4 E.
1 5 31.6 E.
4*
42
TABLE OF LATITUDE AND LONOITtTDE.
[1865.
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF THE PRINCIPAL PLACES
IN THE UNITED STATES, etc.*
(Tha LongitudM ore VDckoned from Qnonwich.]
I%6 Cdpitah {Seats qf Government) of the States and Territories are designated
6y Ldiic Letters.
Placa.
Acapuico,
Mex.
N.Y.
Va.
Mass.
Md.
N.Y.
Ga.
Me.
Mci».
Md.
Me.
Mass.
S.C.
Alexandria^
Amherst (College Chapel),
AnnapoiUs (State-House),
Auburn, ....
Augusta, ....
Augusta (State-House),
Baker's Island (Lights),
Baltimore ( Wasnington Mon .),
Bangor (Court-House), .
Barnstable (Cupola), .
Beaufort (Arsenal), .
Bellevue, Am. Fur Co.'s trad-
ing post,
Boston (State-House), .
Do. (Light), .
Brazos Santiago, .
Brent's Fort,
Bridgeport (South Spire),
Bristol (Court-House),
Brooklyn (Navy Yard), .
Brunswick (College), •
Buffalo,
Burlington,
Burlin^on, ....
Cambridge (Observatory), .
Camden, ....
Canadian River, Head-waters of^
Canandaigua, . N. Y,
Cape Ann, Thatcher's Island
(North Light), * . Mass.
Do. (South Light
Mass.
Tex.
Conn,
R.L
N.Y.
M6.
N.Y.
N.J.
Vt.
Mass.
S.C.
Cape Cod (Long Point Lieht), Mass. 42
Cape Island, Lake of the Woods,
Cape Hancock (Mouth of Co-
lumbia River), .
Castine, ....
Cedar Keys, Depot Island, .
Chapel Hill (University), .
Charleston (St Mieh.'s Ch.),
Charlestown (Bun. Hill Mon.),
Me.
N. C.
S.C.
Ma8s.|42
Latitude,
North.
42 39 3
38 49
42 22 15.6
38 58 40.2
42 55
33 28
44 18 43
42 32 9.6
39 17 47.8
44 47 50
41 42 13.1
32 25 57
38 824
42 21 27.6
42 19 38.8
26 6
38 238
4110 30
41 40 10.5
40 42 2.4
4353
42 53
40 4 51.6
44 27
42 22 48.3
34 17
37 133
42 54 9
42 38 19 4
42 38109
157.1
49 36 42
4616 35
44 22 30
29 727
35 54 21
32 46 33
22 33.1
LoD^tudA, Wast,
inPegTBes.
o I M a. m. B. I
99 49 96 3916.6
73 44 494 54 59.3
77 4
5 816
72 31284 50 6
76 29 95 45 56.61
76 28
8154*
69 50
5 5 52
527 36
439 20
70 46 504 43 7 3
76 36 395 6 26.6
68 47
435 8
70 18 424 41 14.8
80il235 22 45j6
95
71
70
97
103
73
71
73
69
78
74
73
71
80
104
77
47 466 23
3 304 44
54 43
0628
33156 54
11
16
58 31
55 1
55
455
439
5 15
52 374 59
10
7 404 44
33
37 326 58
17 5
70 34
70 34
70 9
104
104
474
458
124 1
68 45
82 56
79 17
79 55
71 32C
125
305
385
In Time.
Diet. fr.
Waeh.
m. B. IMilee.
4 52
5445
4 52
5 22
11
14
32.3
48
13
44.3
4.3
54
40.1
40
30.5
40
30.71
12
30.1
8
42 6.7
42 16.7
40 39.2
16 7
4 35
31 45
1710
19 42.5
4 44 13.3
376
6
383
37
339
580
595
452
38
661
466
432
284
409
227
568
376
156
440
431
467
336
470
507
544
433
* The positions contained in this uble have been derived from that given in the Ame^
ican Almanac for 1841 ; with additions and corrections from the determinations of the Coast
Survey, and of the United States Topographical Engineers.
1855,]
TABUS OF LATITfTl^lfi Aim LOKGlTtmS.*
48
Place.
Latitude,
North.
Longitude, West,
in Degrees, in Time.
Diet.
from
Wash.
Mil
Chagres (Centre of Plateau), .
Chicago, . .III.
Cincinnati (Fort Washington), Ohio.
Columbia^ . . . . S. C.
Columbusj . * . . . Ohio.
Cdneard (State-House), . . N. H
Corpus Christi, . . . ^ Texas.
Dalles of the Columbia, Missionary
Station, ....
Dayton, . . . . Ohio.
Dedham (Ist Cong. Ch.), . Mass.
Depot Key, Fa.
Detroit (St. PauKs Ch.), . Mich.
Dorchester (Ast. Observ.), Mass.
Dover, .... Del.
Dover, N. H.
Easton (Court-Honse), . Md.
Eastport, .... Me.
Edenton (Court-Hoase), N. C.
Ewing Harbor, . . O. T.
Exeter, . . N. H.
Falls of St. Anthony, U, S. Cottage,
Falls of the St. Croix,
False Dungeness Bay, . Wash. Ter.
False Washita, Head- waters of,
Fort Bois^e, . . . Oreg.
Fort Gibson (old Block-House),
Fort Hall, ....
Fort Laramie,
Fort Leavenworth (Landing),
Fort Nez Perc6, .
Frankfort, ....
Frederick, ....
Fredericksburg, .
Frederickton,
Galveston (Court-House),
Georgetown,
Gloucester (Univ. Ch^,
Do. (E. Point Light),
Do. (Ten Pound Isl. Light),
Great Salt Lake, Island in,
Greenfield (2d Cong. Ch.),
Hagerstown, ....
HaBfax, ....
Hallowell, . .
Harrishurg,
Hartford (State-House),
High Plateau between waters
of Atlantic and Gulf of Cal., 42 2
Holmes's Hole (Spire), Mass.
Hudson, . .NY.
Hudson (West. Reserve Coll.), Ohio.
Hnntsvilie, .... Ala.
Oreg.
M^'.
Va.
N.B.
Texas.
S. C.
Mass,
Mass.
Md.
N.S.
Me.
Pa.
Conn.
2l) "
554
57
57
12 29
47 17.8
35 55
44
14 57
730
19 45
19 10
10
13
4610
54
3 27.4
44 21.7
58
58 40
30 10
7 52
25 41
49 22
47 34.8
1 30
1210
2114
3 46
14
24
34
3
18 14 5
21
36 45.8
34 47J2
36 4.8
10 42
3516
37
39 20
17
16
45 59
^ i:
87 35
84 27
81 7
83 3
7129
97 27
120 55
84 11
71 10 59{4
83 2 456
83 2 30
71 4 194
75 30
70 54
76 8
66 56
76 35 485
124 28 528
70 55
9310 306
92 40 06
123 27 21
101 5
116 47
95 15 106
112 29 54
104 47 436
94 44 06
06
37
84 40
7718
77 38
66 45
94 46 346
79 17
70 39 394
70 39 334
70 39 364
11221 5
72 36 324
77 35
63 36 404
69 50
76 50
72 40 454
20 5
50 20
37 48
24 28
3212
45 56
29 48.1
3 40
36 44
44 44
3211
32 10
44 17.3
2
43 36
432
27 44
6 23.1
17 55.5
43 40
12 42
10 40
13 49.2
44 20
47 8.2
21 0.7
29 59.6
59 10.9
18 56
3840
912
10 32
27
19 6.3
17 8
42 38.6
42 38.2
42 38.4
29 24 3
50 26.1
10 20
14 26.7
39 20
720
50 43
2712.9
14
14 42
36
107 3 7 812
70 35 594 42 24
55 4
8125195 25 413
47 48
86 57
44
TABLE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE.
[1855.
Place.
IndiattapoUSf . Ind.
Ipewich (Eastern Li^ht), . Mass.
Ipswich- (Western Light), . Mass.
Jackson^ Miss.
Jalapa, .... Mex.
Jtjferson^ .... Mo.
Kanzas River, Mouth of, .
Key West (8. W. Pt.), .
Kejr West Light,
Kingston, ....
KnoxvUle, ....
Lancaster, ....
La Vaca, . . • •
Lexington, ....
LUtleRoek^
Lockport, ....
Louisville, ....
Lowell (St. Anne's Ch.),
Lynchburg,
Lynn High Rock, .
MachiasBay,
Marblehead (Black-top Ch.), .
Do. (Li«ht), .
Mexico, City of; . .
Middletown (West. Univ.),
MUUdgeviUe^
Milwaukee, ....
Missouri River, Mouth of.
Mobile (Episcopal Ch.),
Monclova, ....
Monomoy Point Light, .
Monterey, ....
Monterej, ....
Mon^elier^ ....
Montreal, ....
Nag's Head,
Nantucket (South Tower),
JVa«Ai7iZ2« (University), .
Natchez (Fort Panmure),
Nebraska or Platte River, Junction
of North and South Forks,
Newark, ....
New Bedford (Baptist Spire),
Newbem, ....
Newburg, ....
Newbury port (Harris St. Ch.),
Fa.
Fa.
C. W.
Tenn.
Pa.
Tex.
Ky.
Ark.
N.Y.
M^iA.
Va.
Mass.
Me.
Mass.
Mex.
Conn.
Ga.
Wise.
Ala.
Mex.
Mass.
Mex.
Cal.
Vt.
C. E.
N. C.
Mass.
Tenn.
Miss.
N.J.
Mass.
N.C.
N.Y.
Mass.
Do." (Plumb Is. E. Light),
Newcastle (Spire Episc. Ch.), Del.
JVino Haven (College), . . Conn.
New London, (Light- House,) Conn.
JVeio Orleans (City Hall), . La.
Newport (Spire), R. I.
New York (City Hall), . . N.Y.
Latitude,
North.
Longitude, West,
in Degrees, in Time.
5.7
4.9
8
39^
42 41
42 41
32 23
19 30
38 36
39 6
24 32
24 32 58
44 8
35 59
40 2 36
28 37
38 6
34 40
4311
38 3
42 38 46
37 36
42 28 3
44 33
42 30 23.7
42 3014
19 25 45
4133 8
33 720
43 3 45
38 5136
30 41 26.2
2654
41 33 33
25 40 13
36 36 24
44 17
45 31
35 55 43.7
41 16 54
36 933
31 34
41 5
40 45
4138
35 20
4131
42 48
42 48
39 39
4118
4118
29 57
4129
40 42
10.2
29.9
25
36
27.7
57.6
30
12.2
43
^ b
70 45
70 45
90 8
96 54
92 8
94 32
8147
8148
76 40
83 54
76 20
84118
9212
78 46
85 30
7119
79 22
70 56
67 22
70 50
70 50
99 5
72 39
8319
87 57
90
88 1
101 39
69 59
100 25
12152
72 36
73 35
75 35
70 5
86 49
9124
h. m. 8.
544 20
43 2.6
43 3.0
6 032
27 38
6 832
6 18U.Q
"27 10
75'27 12.5
5 6 40
535 36
335 5 22.2
394
464
6
306
54
305
59
Dist.
from
Wash.
573
462
1035
980
5 3712
6 8 48
5 15 4
5 42
24 45 16
517 28
284 43 45.9
429 28
324 43 22.1
394 43 22.6
66 36 20
450 36
455 3319.0
5 51 48.0
406 2.6
295 52 5.9
186 46 37.2
4 39 57.3 477
366 4142.4
258 730
4 50 24
4 54 20
52 24
364 40 22.4
35 47 16.2
456
516
109
534
1068
403
590
439
198
441
450
448
325
642
700
1033
524
601
490
714
42,6 5 38.81146
101
74
70
77
74
70
70
75
72
72
90
71
74
21 24 6 45
10 4 56
55164 43
5 5 8
1 456
52 34 43
48 404 43
33275 2
55 244 51
5 44 48
06
18 29U45
314 56
25.6
40
41.1
20
4
28.2
14.7
13.8
41.6
20.3
215
429
337
282
466
469
103
301
354
1203
13.9^ 403
0.21 226
1855.]
TABLE OF LATITUDE ANB LONGITUDB.
46
Nobsaue Point Licht, .
Norfolk (Farmers^Bank),
Northampton (Ist Cong. Ch.),
Norwich, ....
Ocracoke Light-House,
Panama Cathedral
Pass Washington, .
Pensacola, ....
Perote,
Petersburg,
Philadelphia (Girard Coll.), .
Do. (High School Obs.),
Pittsburg, ....
Pittsfield (1st Cong. Ch.),
Platte River, Mouth of.
Do. June, of N. &, S. Forks,
Plattsburg, ....
Plymouth (Court-House), .
Point Conception (C. S. ObfiJ,
Place.
Mass.
Va.
Mass.
Conn.
N.C.
Mex.
Fa.
Mex.
Va.
Pa.
Pa.
Mass.
N.Y.
Mass.
Cal.
Wash. Ter
Mex.
Me.
N.H.
N.y.
Min.
N.J.
R.I.
Mex.
Point Hudson,
Point Loma,
Popocatapetl, . , .
Portland (Mount Joy), .
Do. (E. Li^ht), .
PortsmouUi (Unitarian Ch.),
Do. (White Is. Light),
Poughkeepsie,
Prairie du Chien, Am. Fur
Co*B. House, .
Princeton (Nassau HalH,
Providence (College Hill), .
Puebla de los Angeles,
Punta de los Reyes (Sir F. Drake's
Bay), ... . Cal.
Qjiebec (Citadel), . . . C. E.
Racine, . . . . Wis.
Raleigh, . N. C.
Remedies, Harbor de los, .
Riekjiumd (Capitol), . Va.
Rochester (Rochester House), N. Y.
Sabine River, entrance of South
or outer extremity of Bar, Tex.
Sable (Cape), . .Fa.
Sackett's Harbor, . N, Y.
Saco (Church), . . . Me.
Sacramento City, . . Cal.
St. Au^stine, . . Fa.
St. Croix River, Mouth of,
St. Joseph, ....
St. Loms, .... Mo.
St Mark's Light, . .Fa.
St. Paul, .... Min.
St. Vrain*B Fort, .
Latitude,
North.
4!3b5&
36 50 50
4219 I)
4133
35 6 31.6
8 57 20
36 322
30 24
19 28 57
3713 54
39 58 24
39 57 9
40 32
42 26 55
41 3 13
41 5 5
44 42
4157 23
34 26 56.3
48 7 3
32 40 13.3
18 59 47
43 39 54
43 33 56
43 4 35
42 58
4141
43 3 6
40 20 41
41 50 17
19 015
37 59 34
46 49 12
42 49 33
35 47
37 24 15
37 3217
43 817
29 40 48
24 50
43 55
43 30 1
38 34 42
29 48 30
44 45 30
23 3 13
38 37 28
30 4 25
44 52 46
40 16 52
Longitude, West,
in Degrees, in Time.
7l
76
72
72
75
79
108
87
97
77
75
75
80
73
101
73
70
120
122
117
98
70
70
70
70
73
J II h. m.
38 59442
18 475 5
38154 50
7 4 48
58275 3
29 17 5 17
56 07 15
10125 48
8156 28
DIst.
from
Wash.
35.9
16.1
450
217
9
520
15 364 53
5
9545
10 375
2124
26
39 47
25 33
335 876
362
53.8
57J2
44
4.81050
33
20
39.6
42.5
8
2.3
6 45 25.6
4 53 44
4 42 39.1
8 142.2
44 33810 58.9
13 1517 48 53
32 516 34 11
14 34
1141
4 40 58.3
4 40 45.2
45 504 43 3.3
37 454 42 31
55 4 55 40
196
91 9
74 39
7123 40
98 2
304
216
4.^.3
58 38
4 45 34.7
9
225
122 57 40
7116
87 40
78 48
135 53 41
77 27 28
77 51
93 49
81 15
75 57
70 26 14
12140 5
8135
92 45
109 40 44
901516
84 10.37
93 4 54
10512 23
8 II 50.7
4 45 4
50 41.5
5 1512
9 385
5 9 49:9
51124
615162
525
5 348
4 41439
8 6 40.3
526 20
6 11 5
7 18 43
6 1 0.7
5 36 42.5
6 12 19.6
7 48 1.1
46
TABLE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE.
[1855.
Place.
Latitude,
North.
Longitude, West,
in Degrees. In Time.
Diet,
iram
Wash.
Salem (tall Spire), . . . Mass.
Saltiilo, .... Mex.
San Antonio, . . Tex.
San Bias, Arsenal,
San Dieeo, Public Square (C. S. Obs.),
Sandwich (1st Con^. Ch.),
San Francisco (Presidio),
San Luis Obispo,
San Pedro,
Santa Barbara, .
Santa Cruz, .
Santa F6, .
Savannah (Exchange), .
Scarboro' Harbor,
Schenectady,
Mass.
Cal.
N.M.
. Ga.
Wash. Ter.
N.y,
Snake River, above Amer. Falls,
jpringfield (Court-House), . Mass.
Squam Harbor (Licht^, Mass.
Straitsmouth Island (Light), Mass.
Stratford- Hill, . . . Conn.
Sweet Water River, N. Fork
of Platte River, Mouth of,
TaUakasstt^ . . . .Fa.
Tampico, Bar, . Mex.
Taunton (Trin. Cong. Ch.), . Mass.
Tlamatb Lake, .
Toronto or York (Observ.), C. W.
TVenton, . . .N.J.
Trinity Bay, . . Cal.
Troy, N. Y.
Tuscaloosa^ . . . Ala.
University of Virginia, . . Va.
Utica (Dutch Church), . N. Y.
Vandalia, .... 111.
Vera Cruz, . . . Mex.
Vevay, .... Ind.
Victoria, .... Tex.
Vincennes, .... Ind.
Washinotov (Capitol), . D. C.
Do. (Observatory),
Washington, .... Miss.
West Point (Military Academy),N. Y.
Wheeling,
Williamstown (Con
Wilmington (Town-
Wilmington, .
Worcester (Ant. Hall),
York, .
York,.
Yorktown,
. Ch.),
all), .
Va.
Mass.
Del.
N.C.
Mass.
Me.
Pa.
Va.
^Sil'i)
25 26 22
29 25 22
2132 34
32 4158
414526
37 47 35.6
35 10 37.5
33 43 19.6
34 24 24.7
36 57 26.9
35 41 6
32 453
48 2180
42 48
42 47 5
39 48
42 6 4
42 39 41
42 39 42
4113 6
42 27 18
30 28
2215 30
4154 11
42 56 51
43 39 35
4014
41 5 40
42 44
3312
38 2 3
43 6 49
38 50
19 11 52
38 46
28 46 57
38 43
38 53 20
3853 39.:
3136
41 23 31.!
40 7
42 42 49
39 44 27
34 11
42 16 17
4310
39 58
3713
7%
101
98
105
117
70
122
120
118
119
122
106
81
124
73
112
53^4 43 34.5
1456 44 7
57
Miles.
446
291
6 33(
15 247 1
13 227 48
29 394 41
26 488 9
43 31
16.03
8
7 53
40 187 58
0108 8
1227 4
5145 24
3712818
55
4 55
40 137 30
89 33
5 58
72 35 454 50
70
70
73
140 34
134 58
4 42
4 42
8SU
53.5
58.6
47.2
54.1
4.2
41.2
0.7
5.5
31
28.8
40
40.9
12
23
42.3
19.9
34.4
107*45 27711 1.8
38 24
31 27
44 23.6
84 36
.t^
97 51516 ;
71 5 554-
79 21 30 5 17 26
74 39 4 58 36
73 40
87 42
Ai
7513
5
5J
96 8 3661
84 59 151
54 40
50 48
78 3129514 5.9
52
56 8
24 34
39 56
87 25 5
77 0155
77 2 485
9120
73 57 31
80 42
7313104
75 32 425
7810
7148134
70 40
76 40
76 34
49 40
8 1
8 11.2
520
55 50.1
22 48
52 52.6
210.8
12 40
47 13.3
42 40
6 40
616
456
662
391
801
357
466
471
287
896
415
500
166
383
858
124
383
781
556
1146
264
406
111
416
394
500
87
1855.]
EPHEHERIS OF THE SUN.
47
M Apparent JVoon al Greenwich
.
JANUARY. 1
FEBRUARY. |
IT
& D. culm.
.
D.
Semidiam.
S. D. culm.
H
1 M
m. 8.
1 u
m. 8.
1
16 1&S
1 114)9
J
2
16 15.7
18.17
1
3
5
18:3
18.S
10.99
10.88
0^ 00 00 flood
4
6
164
154)
7.94
7.71
rixontalPan
10th, Sm
20th, 8.67
7
9
18.2
18.1
10.76
1041
8
10
14.7
14.3
7.48
7416
11
18.0
10.46
&
12
184)
74)8
&
13
15
17.8
17.7
10.39
10.11
14
16
18.5
18.1
6.83
6.61
ti
6
17
19
21
33
25
17.6
17.4
17.3
17U)
16.8
9.83
9.73
9.51
9M
94)8
7 of the Ecllpti
230 27> 36.18*
36.33
35.53
35.77
18
20
22
24
26
13.7
13.8
11.8
11.4
104)
6.40
6.31
64)3
5.84
5.67
hi
1^^
27
29
31^
16.6
16.3
164)
8.86
8.63
8.40
28
30
104»
104)
6.63
5.37
D.
DecUnatioa
South.
Equa. of Time
tobe added to
[Appar.nme.
Sidereal
Time at
meaiinoon.
D.
Declination
South.
Equa.ofTime
tobeaddedto
Appar. Time.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
O f H
m. s.
h. m. 8.
O 1 «
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
1
SS 3 16.4
843.68
18 43 17.35
1
17 10 16.3
18 514)3
30 U 80.54
2
23 67 11.1
4 11.85
18 46 13.81
2
16 68 6.7
13 664)8
30 48 374)9
3
33 6188U
4 39.73
18 60 10.36
3
16 86 89.6
14 5.71
30 63 33.65
4
33 45 88.4
6 7.30
18 54 6.93
4
16 17 664)
14 11.68
30 56 30.30
5
33 89 11.4
6 34.37
18 68 8.48
5
16 69 63.7
14 16.84
31 16.76
6
33S3 17J»
6 0.93
19 3 04)4
6
16 4186.9
14 31*31
31 4 13.31
7
33 34 66.9
6 37.13
19 6 66.60
7
15 38 34)
14 34.78
31 8 9.87
8
33 17 9.8
663.63
19 9 63.16
8
15 4 13.4
14 37.56
31 13 6.43
9
33 8 66.5
7 184)5
19 18 49.71
9
14 45 74)
14 39.66
31 16 3.98
10
33 17.1
7 43.74
19 17 46.37
10
14 35 47.7
14 80.80
31 19 69.54
11
31 51 UJ9
8 6.88
19 3143.83
11
14 6 18.6
14 31.38
31 33 66.09
12
31 41 41.3
8 80.45
19 35 894)9
12
18 46 35.1
14 80.99
31 37 6S.65
13
31 81 45.8
8 58.43
19 39 35.06
13
13 36 38.1
14 39.96
31 81 49J30
14
31 3L 34.8
9 15.78
19 83 83.51
14
18 6 7.9
U 38.18
31 85 45.76
15
31 10 88.6
9 374K)
19 87 39.06
15
13 46 89.9
14 35.68
3139 43.31
16
30 69 38.6
66.55
19 41 35.63
16
13 34 694)
14 33.44
31 43 38.87
17
30 47 54.4
10 18.93
19 45 33.18
17
13 4 74)
14 18.48
31 47 85.43
18
30 85 66J»
10 88JS7
19 49 18.74
18
1148 8.6
14 13.83
31 51 81.98
19
30 38 85.1
10 67.50
19 63 15.30
19
11 31 48.8
14 8.46
31 66 984K)
20
30 10 60.7
11 15.68
19 87 11.86
20
11 38.8
14 3.40
3169 354)9
21
19 67 43.6
11 33.10
30 1 8.41
21
10 88 47.7
13 66.67
33 8 31.64
22
19 44 14.3
11 49.75
30 6 4.97
22
10 17 3.4
13 48.37
33 7 18.90
23
19 80 23.8
13 5.60
30 9 1.63
23
9 66 7.7
13 40.33
33 11 14.75
24
19 16 9.8
13 30.64
30 13 584)9
24
9 33 4.3
18 81.54
33 15 11.30
25
19 185.7
13 34.88
30 16 544)4
25
9 10 63.1
13 33.34
33 19 7.86
26
18 46 40.7
13 48.39
30 30 51.30
26
8 48 31.9
13 134)4
33 93 4.41
27
18 81 35.8
13 0.88
30 34 47.75
27
8 36 4.1
13 1.86
39 37 0.97
28
18 16 49.9
13 13.64
30 38 44.31
28
9 3 39.1
13 fi0.ao
99 30 S7.fi*
29
17 69 54.9
13 33.66
30 83 40.87
30
17 48 40.7
13 83.66
30 86 37.43
91
IT 97 It
« dion
<m m »».flA
1
48
EPHEMSRIS OF THE BUK.
[1855.
^t Apparent Jfoon at GretntoUh.
MARCfi.
APRIL. 1
D^
Semidiam.
S. D. culm.
.
D.
Semidiam.
S. D. culm.
.
1 n
m. 8.
1 y
m. 8.
2
16 10.0
16.37
a
1
16 1.9
1 4.48
a
4
9.6
6.38
1 sss
3
1.4
4.63
1 SSS
6
0.0
6.10
j 4i
5
0.8
4.W
1 ~ 1
8
10
8.6
7.9
4.98
4.87
7
9
0.3
16 69.7
433
44»
12
7.4
4.77
&
11
69.1
4.77
&
14
16
6.9
6.3
4.60
4.83
13
15
66.6
66.0
4.86
AM
^
«j
18
20
22
24
6.8
6.3
4.7
4.1
4.61
4.47
4.46
1 sss
17
19
21
23
67.6
66.6
66.0
MS
6.16
6JX)
6.44
1 SS9
1-85 ■
26
3.6
4.44
"8 oa
25
66.6
6.67
"s oa
28
30
3.0
3.6
4.46
4.46
1 s li
27
29
66.0
64.6
6.73
6.87
\m
32
1.9
4.48
31
64.0
64)3
D.
Declination
South.
Eciua. offime
tobe added to
Sidereal
Time at
D.
DnclinatioQ
North.
Eq.o{Ti. to be\
added to Ap.
Sidereal
Time at
Appar. THme.
mean noon.
7\Vn«lim6th.
mean noon.
O 1 II
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
O 1 1
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
1
7 40 47.1
13 88.30
33 34 64jOe
1
4 36 13.3
4 3.83
37 733
2
7 17 66.6
13 37.10
33 38 60.63
2
4 49 18.7
8 46.66
41 8.79
3
6 65 4.0
13 14.49
S3 43 47.18
3
6 13 30.0
3 37.40
46 034
4
6 83 3J»
13 14»
23 40 43.74
4
6 86 159
3 9.40
48 664)0
5
6 8 67.7
1147.85
33 60 40.39
5
6 58 6U)
3 61.68
68 63.45
6
6 45 46.8
1133.80
33 64 36.84
6
6 30 60.0
3 33.94
66 60.00
7
6 33 81.3
11 19.60
33 66 33.40
7
6 43 37.6
3 16.60
1 4636
8
4 60 11.3
11 4.73
33 3 39.96
8
7 6 58.3
1 60.30
1 4 43.11
9
4 36 47.3
10 49.68
33 6 36.51
9
7 38 33.1
1 43.36
1 8 38.66
10
4 13 19.7
10 34.10
33 10 334)6
10
760 38.4
1364t6
1 13 36.23
11
3 48 48.9
10 18J10
33 14 19.61
11
8 13 46.9
1 0JZ5
1 16 83.77
12
3 35 15.3
10 3.19
33 18 19.17
12
8 34 47.4
63.14
1 30 2933
13
3 1 39.1
9 45.80
33 33 13.73
13
8 56 39.4
37.35
134 36.88
14
3 88 0.7
9 39.14
33 36 0.37
14
9 18 33.6
31.89
138 23.43
15
3 14 30.7
9 13.33
33 30 6.83
15
9 89 66.7
+ 6.76
133 1839
16
1 60 39.8
8 65.06
33 34 3.38
16
10 1 31.3
— -0 8.01
1 36 16.64
17
136 67.0
8 37.73
33 37 68.98
17
10 33 35.8
33.41
1 40 13.10
18
1 3 14.1
6 30.18
33 41 65.49
18
10 43 40^2
36.43
144 8.65
19
39 81.0
8 3.44
33 45 53.04
19
11 4 33.9
60.08
148 6.31
20
S. 16 48.1
7 44.55
33 49 48.59
20
11 35 16.7
1 34)3
1 63 1.76
21
N.O 7 64.3
7 36J»1
33 63 45.16
21
11 45 48.3
1 16.16
165 6833
22
3186.4
7 8AI
33 67 41.70
22
13 6 8.0
1 384)7
1 69 6437
23
65 15.4
6 60.07
138.35
23
13 36 16.8
140.67
3 3 61.48
24
1 18 63.5
6 31.69
6 34.81
24
13 46 11.3
153.13
3 7 4738
25
1 43 39.5
6 13.35
9 31.36
25
13 6544)
3 3423
3 11 4434
26
3 6 3.0
6 54.76
13 37.91
26
13 35 33.8
3 13.85
3 16 41.09
27
3 39 83.6
6 36.33
17 34.47
27
13 44 40.3
3 344)1
3 19 3735
28
3 53 1.1
5 17.68
31 31.03
28
14 3 48.1
383.68
3 33 84.30
*?9
3 18 35.0
4 59.15
35 17.57
29
14 33 334)
3 43.86
3 37 80.76
>
3 39 46.1
4 40.64
39 14.13
30
14 41 6.7
3 614»1
3 31 3731
4 3 0.9
4 32.19
83 10.68
31
14 59 37.0
3 5935
3 36 3837
1855.]
EPHEMERIS OF THE BUN.
JStt J^fparent J{ocn at Greenwiek.
MAT.
juta. 1
^
Semidiam.
& D. culm.
>
D^
Semidiam.
S. D. culm.
1
1 u
m. 8.
/ n
m. 8.
1
15 54.0
16.03
_0
2
15 48.1
16.44
3
53.6
6.18
1sS^5?
4
47.8
8.64
£ «odo6ao'
Im
5
«.l
6JM
P^ 00 00 od 00
hiii
6
47.6
8.64
7
82.7
6.60
8
4741
8.73
9
53J2
6.66
.2'^So5eo
10
47.1
8.79
11
61.8
6.83
S
12
46.9
8.86
13
15
61.4
50.9
6.99
7.16
14
16
46.7
46.6
8JI0
8.93
o
«5
17
19
21
60.6
60.3
49.8
7.32
7.48
7.83
IS
18
20
22
46.4
46.3
46.3
8.96
8.97
8.66
1 888
3-^
23
49.5
7.78
24
46.1
8.96
25
49.3
7.98
%
26
46.1
8.93
"s OS5
27
29
31
48.9
48.6
48.3
8.07
8.30
8.33
o
28
30
32
46.0
46.0
46.0
6.88
8.83
8.79
1 SSig
D.
Declinatioa
North.
Eqiia. of Time
to be 8ubtr.fr.
Sidereal
Time at
D.
Declination
North.
Bq.ofTi.to^
siibtr. fr. Ap.
Time tiU loth.
gider«al
Time at
Appar. Time.
mean noon.
O 1 u
m. a.
h. m. 8.
O 1 H
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
1
14 59 37.0
3 59.65
2 35 23.87
1
22 1 24.4
3 34.18
4 87 37.14
2
15 17 33.4
3 7.26
2 39 20.43
2
22 9 39.9
3 36.37
4 41 38.69
3
15 35 23.7
3 14.31
3 43 16.98
3
22 17 laa
2 16.97
4 46 80.36
4
15 62 67.7
3 20.81
2 47 13.64
4
23 34 31.6
3 6.38
4 49 36.61
5
16 10 17.1
3 36.74
2 61 104)9
5
32 31 97.3
1 66.31
4 63 33.37
6
16 27 90.6
3 32.10
2 65 6.65
6
23 37 69.6
1 46.79
4 67 19.93
7
16 44 7.6
3 86.87
2 69 3.20
7
33 44 8.0
1 36.03
6 1 1648
8
17 38.2
8 41.07
3 2 69.76
8
22 49 63.7
1 28.96
6 6 13.04
9
17 16 51.9
3 44.67
3 6 66.32
9
22 65 134
1 13.58
6 9 94K)
10
17 32 48.6
3 47.68
3 10 62.87
10
23 9.9
1 0.92
6 13 6.16
11
17 48 27.6
SfiO.10
3 14 49.43
11
23 4 42.3
49.00
6 17 3.73
12
18 3 49.0
8 61.93
3 18 46.99
12
23 8 60.2
36.86
6 90 69.26
13
18 18 63.3
3 53.15
3 23 42.54
13
23 13 33.8
2449
6 24 65.88
14
18 33 37.2
3.53.80
3 26 39.10
14
23 15 53.7
— 11.96
638 634»
15
18 48 3.4
3 53.97
3 30 35.66
15
33 18 47.1
4-0 0.72
6 82 48.96
16
19 3 10.6
3 53.36
3 34 33.21
16
33 21 16.8
13.63
6 36 46.61
17
19 15 66.6
8 52.28
3 38 28.77
17
23 23 21.6
2643
6 40 43.07
18
19 29 36 J»
8 50.65
3 43 25.33
18
23 25 1.7
39.42
6 44 38.68
19
19 43 35.3
8 48.46
3 46 31.68
19
23 26 174)
52.44
5 48 35.19
20
19 55 23.6
3 45.73
3 60 1844
20
23 27 7.4
1 6.49
6 63 31.74
21
90 7 61.6
3 43.46
3 64 164N)
21
23 27 334)
1 18413
6 66 38*30
22
SO 19 58.6
3 38.67
3 68 114S6
22
33 27 33.7
1 31.61
6 34.86
23
20 SI 45.3
3 34417
4 2 8.11
23
23 27 9.6
14446
6 4 31.43
24
20 43 10.3
8 39Ji7
4 6 4.67
24
23 26 20.8
1 67.33
6 8 17.98
25
20 64 14.1
3 24.38
4 10 1.33
25
23 25 7.1
3 104)7
6 13 14.64
26
31 4 66.3
3 184J0
4 13 57.79
26
23 23 28.7
2 22.70
6 16 11.10
27
21 16 16aS
3 13.24
4 17 64.35
27
23 21 26.7
2 35.30
6 30 7^
28
31 96 154)
3 5.63
4 31 60.90
28
33 18 66.1
3 47.53
6 24 4.31
29
91 34 61.1
9 06.34
4 25 4X46
29
23 16 6.9
3 59.68
6 28 0.77
30
9144 4.8
9 60.73
439 44je8
30
38 13 494
8 11.63
6 81 ff74»
31
31 63 66J0
3 43.66
4 83 40.98
31
38 9 84
3 38414
6 85 68
EFHEMERIS OF THE SUN.
[1855.
^t .Apparent J{bon at Greenwich.
JUtY. 1
AUGUST. 1
Jl
Semidiam. |
S. D. culm.
i
£ *o6od«
D.
Semidiam.
S. D. culm.
1 ill
2
4
6
8
10
1 It
15 46.0
46.0
46.0
464)
46.1
m. a.
1 8.76
8.67
8.58
8.48
8.36
1
3
5
7
9
1 u
15 47.9
48.1
48.4
48.7
404)
m. 8.
16.67
6.60
64»
6.16
6.98
12
46.2
8.34
s
11
49JI
6.81
&
14
16
46.»
46.4
8.11
13
15
49.6
604)
64»
6.49
o
18
30
22
24
36
46.6
46.7
46.8
47J)
47.3
7.83
7.67
7.53
7J5
7.19
1 ==85?
17
19
21
23
35
50.4
50.8
61.3
614i
50.0
6.34
5.30
64)6
4.93
4.80
1 gss
28
30
47.4
47.7
7.03
6.84
t **^
o
27
29
53.4
63.9
4.68
4.07
Im
32
47.9
6.67
31
53 J3
4.47
6
D.
Declination
North.
Equa. of Time
to be added to
Appar. Time.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
D.
Declination,
North.
Bqua. of Time
to be added to
Appar. Time.
Sidereal
Time at
mean noon.
""^
O 1 n
m. s.
h. m. 8.
t u
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
1
93 9 8.4
3 38U)4
6 35 53.89
1
18 7 99.1
6 ZM
8 88 7.18
2
33 6 3.3
3 34.83
6 39 60.45
2
17 69 19.9
6 69.82
8 43 3.74
3
33 33.9
3 46.06
6 48 47.01
3
17 36 464)
6 66.61
8 46 0.99
4
33 ft3 40.4
4 67.03
6 47 43.56
4
17 91 1.9
5 60.83
8 49 56.85
6
33 50 33.1
4 7.71
6 51 40.13
5
17 5 0.9
545<44
8 68 63U1
6
33 44 41.8
4 180)8
6 65 36.68
6
16 48 43.3
6 39.49
6 67 49.96
7
33 38 86.9
4 38.13
6 60 33.34
7
16 33 94)
5 33.95
9 146.63
8
33 33 8.4
4 37.83
7 3 39.80
8
16 16 18.8
5 35.86
9 6 48.07
9
33 35 16J)
4 47.16
7 7 36JI6
9
16 68 13.7
6 18.19
9 9 89.63
10
33 18 1.3
4 66.13
7 11 92.91
10
15 40 61.1
5 9.95
9 18 36.19
11
33 10 33.9
5 4.68
7 15 19.47
11
15 93 1441
6 1.16
9 17 32.74
12
33 3 31.6
5 13.81
7 19 16.03
12
16 6 92.7
4 51.79
9 31 99.30
13
31 53 57.5
5 90.40
7 33 13.59
13
14 47 16.5
4 41.S7
995 35.86
14
31 45 10.9
5 97.79
7 37 9.16
14
14 98 66.9
4 31.40
9 39 33.41
15
31 36 3.0
5 34.46
7 31 5.70
15
14 10 324)
4 904)8
9 33 18.96
16
31 36 30.8
6 40.70
7 35 3.36
16
13 51 34.3
4 8.81
9 87 15.83
17
31 16 37.8
5 46.43
7 38 68.83
17
13 33 33.4
3 66.70
9 41 134)8
18
31 6 33.1
6 51.63
7 43 66.88
18
13 13 19.6
3 44.06
9 45 8.63
19
90 55 46.9
6 66.38
7 46 51.94
19
13 53 53.3
3 30.94
9 49 6.19
20
90 44 49.6
6 0J»
7 60 48.49
20
13 34 14.8
3 17.98
9 63 1.74
21
90 33 31.3
6 3.90
7 54 46.05
21
19 14 944)
3 3.19
9 66 66.30
22
90 91 52JJ
6 6.83
7 58 41.61
22
11 64 99.7
9 48.48
10 64.86
23
90 9 53.9
6 9.19
8 3 38.17
23
11 34 9.7
9 334)7
10 4 51.41
24
19 57 33.4
6 10.95
8 6 34.79
24
11 13 46.7
9 17.81
10 8 47.96
25
19 44 63.9
6 19.11
8 10 81.98
25
10 53 11.9
3 1.83
10 13 444)3
26
19 31 54.8
6 13.68 '
8 14 97.84
36
10 39 96.3
145.40
10 16 41.07
27
19 18 36.3
6 13JI4
8 18 94.40
37
10 11 31.6
1 38.57
10 30 87.08
28
19 4 58.6
6 134)0
8 99 90.95
28
9 60 97.0
1 11J7
10 94 34.18
29
18 51 3.1
6 10.76
8 96 17.61
39
9 99 18.1
063.83
10 98 30.73
30
18 36 47.1
6 8.99
8 30 14.07
80
9 7 60.1
864)1
10 S3 97.39
1
18 33 13.6
6 649
8 84 10.69.
31
8 46 184)
17.68
10 86 33.84
1665.]
EPHEMEBIS OF THE SUN.
51
Jit J^^parent Jfoon at Greenwich
•
SEPTSMBER.
oorowa. i
^
Semidiam.
& D. culm.
.
D.
Semidiam.
S. D. culm.
.
1 N
m. a.
1 M
m. 8.
3
4
6
8
10
15 53.8
54.3
54.8
55.2
56.7
1 4.88
4.80
4.28
4.17
4.13
1 S?Sfe
2
4
6
8
10
16 1.6
3.3
3.7
3.8
8.8
14.88
4.48
4.59
4.71
4.84
1 m
12
66.7
4M
S
12
4.3
4.96
n
14
16
56.7
67.3
4.06
4.05
14
16
4JB
5.18
5.80
•
.;
18
80
22
24
26
67.8
56.3
56.8
59.4
16 0.0
4.05
4.06
4.08
4.13
4.17
f of the Eclipti(
& 27 3?.26
37.38
37.40
18
20
22
24
26
6.0
6.6
7.1
7.7
8.3
5.47
5.65
5.85
6.04
6.35
1 feS2
28
30
0.5
lU)
4.23
4.80
1 ill
28
30
8.7
9.3
6.47
6.69
•g ^•'^•S
32
1.6
4.38
32
9.7
6.91
»
Declination
North.
Equa. of Time
tooesubtr./r.
Appar. IHme.
Sidereal
Time at
moan noon.
D.
Declination
South.
Equa. of Time
tobestdar.fr.
Appar. Time.
Sidereal
Timaat
mean noon.
O / 1
m. s.
h. m. 8.
O / //
m. 8.
h. m. 8.
1
8 34 38.0
0.86
10 40 30.40
1
3 4 4.6
10 13.66
13 38 87.01
2
8 3 49.5
19.68
10 44 16.95
2
3 37 33.1
10 31.73
13 42S3J»
3
7 40 63.0
88.77
10 48 13.51
3
3 50 89.4
10 60.48
12 46 30.12
4
7 18 49^
58.11
10 53 lOUM
4
4 13 68.3
11 8.90
12 60 26.67
5
6 56 87.7
1 17.68
10 56 6.61
5
4 87 4.3
11 36.05
13 54 33.33
6
6 34 19.4
187.48
11 3.17
6
5 11.8
1144.63
13 68 19J78
7
6 11 54US
157.47
11 3 59.73
7
* 5 38 15.9
13 1.90
13 3 16J»
8
5 49 33.4
3 17.65
11 7 56J28
8
5 46 16.0
13 18.76
13 6 13.88
9
5 36 46.S
3 37.98
11 11 53.63
9
6 9 11.6
13 85.19
18 10 9.44
10
5 4 3.6
866.47
11 15 49.88
10
6 83 3.5
13 51.17
13 14 6.99
11
4 41 1&7
3 19.10
11 19 45.94
11
6 54 48.3
18 6.69
18 18 3.55
12
4 18 32.9
8 89.85
1133 43.49
12
7 17 38.3
13 31.73
13 31 69.10
13
3 56 25a»
4 0.71
11 27 89.04
13
7 40 3.4
13 36.37
13 35 55.66
14
3 83 34.0
4 31.66
11 81 85.60
14
8 3 80.0
18 60.30
13 29 52.21
15
8 9 18.7
443.68
11 85 83.15
15
8 34 60.9
14 33)
13 33 48.76
16
3 46 10^
5 8.76
11 89 28.71
16
8 47 4.6
14 16.77
13 37 46.32
17
3 33 56.3
634.87
11 48 35.36
17
9 9 10.6
14 39.18
13 41 41.87
18
160 43.6
5 46.01
11 47 31.81
18
9 81 8.7
14 41.01
13 46 38.43
19
186 36.6
6 7.14
11 51 18.87
19
9 53 66.4
14 52.35
18 49 34.96
20
1 13 7.6
6 28.35
11 55 14.92
20
10 14 89.3
15 2.90
13 53 31.53
21
049 46^
6 49.83
11 59 11.47
21
10 86 10.9
15 12.93
13 57 38.09
22
36 34-7
7 10.38
13 3 8.03
22
10 67 33.1
15 22.29
14 1 34.64
23
N. 8 1.5
7 31.35
13 7 4.58
23
11 18 45.3
15 31.01
14 5 21.20
24
S 030 33.5
7 63.06
13 11 1.13
24
11 39 47.3
15 39UJ5
14 9 17.76
25
43 46.9
8 13.74
13 14 57.69
25
13 38.7
15 46.40
14 13 14.31
26
1 7 IM
8 88.36
13 18 54.34
26
12 21 19.0
15 53.03
14 17 10.86
27
130 35.7
8 53.60
12 33 50.79
27
12 41 47.9
15 68.93
14 21 7.43
28
1 53 59.5
9 18.78
12 26 47.36
28
13 3 6.1
16 4.08
M35 3.97
29
3 17 33JS
9 83.63
13 80 43.90
29
13 33 lOJO
16 8.47
14 39 0.68
30
340 44.8
9 53.38
13 84 40.45
30
13 43 3.5
16 120)8
14 82 67.08
31
a 4 44
10 13.66
13 88 87.01
31
14 142U>
16 14.91
14 36 63
5)
EPHEMERIS OF THE BUN.
[1855.
M Jjpparent JVdon ot GfBtmwt^.
NOVKMBKK.
_D^
Semidiam.
S. D. culm.
H
D.
Semidiam.
S. D. culm.
.
/ //
m. 8.
/ //
m. s.
1
16 9.7
1 6.91
i
1
16 15.8
1 10.27
a
3
5
10.1
10.6
7.14
7.88
1 sss
1 5 ^5
3
5
16.1
16.4
10.44
10.59
A^ooodoood
7
11.1
7.61
7
16.6
10.76
9
11.6
7.86
1 *-^fe
9
16.8
10.87
l^ssg
11
12.0
8.09
l§
11
17.1
10.98*
&
18
15
13.4
13.9
8.83
8J)6
13
15
VIA
17.6
11.08
11.16
o-
17
18.S
8.80
1 SSe:
17
17.6
11.33
o —
19
21
23
18.7
•14.1
U.6
9.03
9.26
9.48
19
21
23
17.8
17.9
18.0
11.36
11.29
11.39
25
14.9
9JSd
25
18.1
11.38
97
29
15.3
9.89
10.09
1 565
1 ^^§5
27
29
18.3
18.3
11.35
11.30
mt
31
16.8
10.97
O
31
18.2
11.14
o
D.
Declination
South.
Equa. of Time
tobesubtr.fr.
Sidereal
Time at
D.
Declination
South.
Eq.ofTi.<o6e
9ubtr.fr. Ap.
7Ym«tm25th.
Sidereal
Time at
Appar. Time.
mean noon.
mean noon.
O / //
m. 8.
h. m. s.
O / //
m. s.
h. m. a.
1
14 31 6^
18 16.93
14 40 60.20
1
31 46 58.1
10 63.74
16 89 6.90
2
14 40 30.7
16 18.18
14 44 46.75
2
31 66 13;7
10 80.97
16 43 8.46
3
14 69 19J0
16 18J>1
14 48 43.81
3
33 6 3.1
10 7.56
16 47 Oj03
4
16 18 3.8
16 18.05
14 69 89.86
4
33 13 35.9
9 43.68
16 60 66.68
5
16 86 81.6
16 16.76
14 66 86.42
5
33 31 33.8
9 18.89
16 64 68.14
6
16 64 46.0
16 UJSi
15 82.97
6
32 38 56.7
8 63.68
16 68 49.69
7
16 13 43.5
16 11.66
16 4*29.53
7
33 86 1.3
8 274«
17 3 46.35
8
16 80 38.8
16 7.88
16 8 26.09
8
32 42 40.3
8 1.67
17 6 42.81
9
16 47 48.8
16 8.16
15 12 22.64
9
32 48 52.8
7 84.93
17 10 89.37
10
17 4 66.7
16 67.68
16 16 19.20
10
33 64 87.4
7 7.76
17 14 86.98
11
17 31 46.6
16 51J37
15 30 16.76
11
32 69 55.8
6 40.14
17 18 83.49
12
17 38 17.6
16 44.06
15 24 12.31
12
33 4 45.7
6 13.16
17 32 29.05
13
17 64 31.0
16 86.01
15 28 8.87
13
33 9 8.6
5 43.88
17 36 25.60
14
18 10 26.7
16 97.11
15 32 5.42
14
33 13 3.8
5 15.31
17 30 23.16
15
18 26 1.2
16 17.39
15 36 1.98
15
33 16 31.1
4 46.33
17 34 18.72
16
18 41 17.0
16 6.85
15 39 58.54
16
33 19 30.5
4 17.17
17 38 15.38
17
18 66 12.9
14 5549
15 43 55.10
17
33 22 1.9
3 47.81
17 42 11.84
18
19 10 48.4
14 43.30
15 47 51.65
18
23 24 6.1
8 18.38
17 46 8.40
19
19 35 3.2
14 30.31
15 51 48.21
19
23 35 40.3
2 48.62
17 60 4.96
20
19 38 66.9
14 16.53
16 65 44.77
20
23 36 47.0
2 18.84
17 54 1.62
21
19 62 29.1
14 1.93
16 69 41.32
21
33 97 25.6
1 48.98
17 67 68.08
22
20 5 39.6
13 46.58
16 3 37.88
22
33 27 35.9
1 19.07
18 1 54.68
23
20 18 27.7
13 30.36
16 7 34.44
23
23 37 17.9
49.14
18 6 51.19
24
20 30 63.6
18 13.39
16 11 31.00
24
33 36 31.6
— 19.39
18 9 47.76
25
20 43 56.6
13 55.66
16 15 27.55
25
33 35 17.1
+n3:;s3
18 13 44.81
26
30 54 86.5
13 37.17 .
16 19 24.11
26
23 33 34.3
40.45
18 17 40.8f7
27
21 6 52.9
12 17.93
16 23 20.67
27
23 31 23.4
1 ]0.15
18 21 37.43
28
21 16 45.6
11 57.96
16 27 17.23
28
23 18 44.3
1 39.71
18 35 33.99
29
31 37 14.8
11 37.36
16 81 13.79
29
23 15 37.1
2 9.11
18 39 80.56
30
31 87 18.6
U 15.84
16 86 lOJM
30
33 13 3.0
2 38.83
18 88 37.11
n
31 46 68.1
10 63.74
16 89 6.90
31
33 7 58.9
8 7.81
18 87 23.66
1855.J FIXED STABS.
TWie AfpwraU PUee$ of the PoU Star far every Day qf the Year.
Epoch. — The Upper Culminatioii at Greenwich.
68
JANUAKT.
FSB&UAItT.
MABGH.
APKIL.
MAT.
» Ursn Minoria
iPolarit).
• UnaBMInoris
(Potefig).
«UnuBMmorit)
iPolaria).
> Una Minoria
iPolaTU),
4 Una Minoria
(Poterw).
Day
of thA
Month.
i
I
i
\
i
i.
5?
t
\
\
*t
1855.
h.
1
&
h.
1
o
88
h.
1
8l
h.
1
el
1
8l
1
m. a.
6 10198
f u
33 38.4
m. B.
6 63.18
/ u
33 38.4
m. 8.
6 33.03
/ M
33 38.5
m. a.
533.97
/ a
33 14.6
m. a.
6 39.89
83 6.7
2
17.40
38.6
61.38
96.3
33.60
98.3
33413
14.3
39.81
6.6
3
16.66
38.6
60.63
33.3
31.99
98.0
384»
14.0
30.34
5.3
4
16.72
38.7
49.74
38.1
31.49
93.7
33^
13.7
80.68
64)
5
14.88
38.7
484)7
384)
314)1
33.4
38.67
18.4
81.14
4.8
6
14J08
38.8
48410
37.8
30.66
33.3
38.68
18.1
81.61
4.6
7
18.18
38.9
47.48
37.7
30.10
31.9
\^ti\
li^il
83.10
4.9
8
1S.88
38.9
464n
37.6
39.66
31.6
33.70
134)
83.60
4.0
9
11.48
39.0
46.93
37.4
39.33
31.4
38.78
114)
33.11
8.8
10
10U8
39.0
46.19
37.3
38.81
31.1
38.88
11.6
33.63
3.6
11
».77
394)
44.46
37.1
38.40
90.6
33.90
11.3
84.16
8.4
12
SJBl
39.1
43.73
36.9
98.03
90.6
34.13
11.0
84.70
ZJt
13
SJ»
39.1
434»
36.8
37.66
90.3
34.36
10.7
35.36
3.9
14
1J9
99.1
434»
36.6
37.31
304)
34.43
10.4
35.83
3.7
15
6.38
99.3
41.60
36.4
36.96
19.7
34.69
10.1
36.41
3.6
16
6.48
99.3
40.93
36.3
36.66
19.4
34.78
9.8
37.00
3.3
17
4.63
36.3
40.34
36.0
36.85
19.1
34.98
9.6
37.60
3.1
18
8.77
S9JI
89.67
36,8
36.06
18.9
35.30
9.3
38.31
M
19
2J92
39.3
38.03
36.6
35.78
18.6
36.44
9.0
88.84
1.8
20
3.07
39.3
88.98
96.4
35.63
18.3
36.60
8.7
39.47
1.6
21
1*93
39.1
87*64
96.3
35.39
184)
36.96
8.4
40.11
1.4
22
0.38
39.1
37.03
96,0
35.06
17.7
36.34
8.1
40.75
\Sl
23
6 68.64
39.0
36.41
94.8
34.84
17.4
36.53
7.9
41.41
1.1
^
66.70
39.0
36.81
34.6
34.64
17.1
36.84
7»
43.08
04)
25
97.86
38.9
36.33
34.4
34.47
16.8
37.16
7.3
43.76
0.7
26
67,08
38.9
34.66
34.3
344)1
16.6
37.60
7.1
48.46
0.6
27
66.90
38.8
844)9
33.9
34.17
16.3
37.85
6.8
44.14
0.4
28
66.87
38.3
334M
33.7
344)4
16.9
38.31
6.5
44.84
0.3
29
64.66
98.6
33.03
33.6
33.93
16.6
98.68
6.3
45.55
0.1
30
68.74
98.6
33.83
164)
38.66
64)
46.37
0.0
31
6838
98Ui
33.74
16.p
394)9
5.7
46.99
31 69.9
32
63.18
38.4
33.67
14.6
47.72
69.8
54
FtXSD STABS.
[1S55.
True Apparent Places of the Pole Star for every Day in the Yettr,
Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
JUHB.
JULY.
AUGUST.
OCTOBBR.
» UrssB Minoris
iPolariay
(Po/oris).
»Urae Minoris
{JPolarifty
«Ura» Minoris
(Potoris).
«Ut8» Minoris
(Po/or«).
oftL
Month.
i
1
i
\
i
1
\
%
\
1
\
1856.
h.
1
o
88
h.
1
^
h.
1
8l
h.
1
^
h.
1
^
1
m. B.
5 47.72
/ //
3169.8
m. 8.
6 13.06
1 H
3166.7
nL fl.
6 87.66
89 3.7
m. B.
6 67JW
89 ll'.l
7 8.83
t u
33 31.0
2
48.46
69.7
13.90
68.7
88JI5
S.9
66.47
11.5
0.01
33.8
3
49.31
69.6
13.75
66.8
39.11
8.1
68.98
11.8
0.18
22.7
4
49.97
69.5
14.69
68.8
89.86
8.8
60.48
13.1
0.34
23.1
5
fiO.78
69.4
16.44
68.9
40.60
3.5
60.07
19.5
0.48
23.4
6
61.IX)
60.3
16.9P
60U)
41.34
8.8
7 0.40
19.8
0.61
38.8
7
fi8.98
60.3
17.14
60.0
43.07
4.0
0.0f
13.i
0.72
94 J3
8
68.06
60.1
17.00
60.1
43.80
4.3
IJ^
13.6
0.89
94.C
9
68.84
60.0
18.84
60.3
43.63
4.4
1.83
18.8
0J>1
964>
10
64.68
68.9
10.60
60.8
44.34
4.7
3.98
14.1
0.00
26.4
11
65.49
68.8
30.64
60.4
44.95
6.0
9.71
14.6
lOJM
36.8
12
66.39
68.8
31.38
60.5
46.65
6.8
8.19
14.8
10.10
26.9
13
OT.08
68.7
92JW
60.6
46JM
5.5
8.69
U.9
10.14
98.6
14
ff7.84
68.7
33.06
60.8
47J»
6.7
8.01
16.5
10.17
37.0
15
66.66
68.7
33.80
69.0
47.71
6.0
4.90
16.0
10.18
27.4
16
60.47
66.6
34.73
33 0.0
48J8
6.3
4.97
16.8
10.18
97.8
17
6 0.39
66.6
35.66
0.1
AQJUa
6Ut
6M
16.7
10.17
28.9
18
1.11
66.6
36.80
0.3
40.70
6.8
5.88
17.0
10.14
28.6
19
1.94
66.5
2T.31
0.4
60.36
•7.1
6.71
17.4
10.10
98.9
20
2.77
68.6
28.03
0.5
60.99
7.4
6.08
17.8
10.04
99.3
21
3.61
68.5
38.85
0.7
6K63
7.7
634
18.1
0.96
29.7
22
4.44
68.5
39.61
0.9
53JM
8.0
6.66
18.6
0.90
30.1
23
1^.98
66 JS
80.48
I.l
63.86
6.8
6^
18.8
9.81
30J»
• 24
6.13
68.6
31.99
1.9
68.46
8.6
7.98
10.9
0.70
. M
25
6.96
66.5
33.09
1.4
64.04
8.9
7<46
10.6
0;58
31.9
26
7.80
66.5
83.89
1.6
64.63
9.3
7.T3
»A
0.44
31.6
27
8.65
66.5
33.68
1.7
65.31
9.6
isn
90«4
ojn
S2U>
28
9.60
66.6
84.47
1.9
65.78
0.8
8.90
90.8
0.13
324
29
0.85
68.6
86.35
3;1
664M
10.1
849
91.9
8J»
32.7
30
1.90
66.6
86.08
2.8
66.89
10.4
8.68
91.6
8.77
83.1
31
2.06
68.7
36.8]
2.6
67.43
10.7
8.83
91 J)
8.68
83.5
32
87.66
2.7
67.95
11.1
8.37
33.8
1855.] WaXD 9TAB8. 55
3Viw J9pp0remt Plmee$ efihe PoU Stmr fw every Day^ mnd of 7%trfyf0wii rf
the Principal Fixed Stars for every TetUk Day^ of the Year,
Epoch. — The Upper Culmiaation at Greenwieh.
^Uiw
Minoris.
BBCniBBR.
3
I
oft^e
1
1
i
1
1
• UmeMinoris
• UrssMinoils
iPolaris).
iPotaria).
Month.
^
i
Dar
of the
Month.
1
1
1
i .
18S5.
h.
18
8§
^
1
i
i
Jan. 1
U
m. B.
18 4833
86 60.7
m. 0.
63.76
i M
17 963
h.
h.
. 4836
473
53.69
96.6
1855.
1
88
1
88
21
49.63
433
63.60
343
m. 0.
/ M
m. fl.
/ //
31
61.06
403
6338
333
1
7 8J7
83 88.8
6 66J03
33 433
Feb. 10
63.33
883
63.99
313
2
8.14
84.3
66U3
U.1
20
6631
863
S2M
193
3
7.90
84.6
6431
443
Mar. 2
69.00
843
63.10
183
4
IJU
86J)
64.19
443
12
19 337
833
53.19
16.7
5
7.88
86.8
68.ff7
443
22
6.90
833
6834
163
6
7.10
86.7
6334
46.1
Apr. 1
933
33.7
6834
143
7
e.81
88U>
68.99
463
11
1333
83.4
63.48
183
8
6.fi0
86.4
6138
463
21
16.96
84.7
69.07
183
9
6.17
86.8
6036
453
May 1
18.74
86.6
6939
19.9
10
6.83
87.3
6039
46.1
11
3136
883
63.16
183
21
3333
413
68.46
143
11
(U9
87.6
4931
463
31
.34.08
443
64.79
16.1
12
6.U
87.8
4B31
463
JunelO
34.60
473
54.18
163
13
4.77
88J3
4830
403
20
34.64
60.7
6438
183
14
4J0
88.6
47.49
473
30
3334
633
6638
903
15
8.99
88J)
46.78
473
July 10
33.68
673
66.17
333
16
8.A8
89.8
• 4636
473
20
9038
693
6639
363
17
3.16
89U)
4633
473
30
18.16
86 3*6
56.78
97.6
18
3.73
89.9
4437
473
Aug. 9
16.33
63
66,06
80.1
19
3.39
40.3
4833
483
19
1136
7.0
66.97
89.7
20
1^
40.6
4836
483
29
8.13
83
66.46
36.9
Septs
4.11
93
6630
873
21
IM
403
4330
483
18
18 6030
103
66.71
893
22
0.88
41.1
4138
483
28
6538
103
66.77
413
22
0.89
41.4
40.76
48.7
Oct. 8
61.36
103
6630
483
24
6 60.89
41.8
8936
463
18
4630
93
66.79
463
25
69.87
43.1
88.17
493
28
43.93
83
66.76
46.7
26
66.84
49.4
8637
49.1
Nov. 7
89.13
63
6639
473
27
66.39
43.6
8737
493
17
86.71
4.7
6630
483
28
67.73
43.9
86.76
493
27
33.T7
33
6639
493
29
67.17
48.3
8636
493
Dec 7
8039
36 693
66.88
49.1
30
66j00
48.6
86.18
493
17
38^
66.1
60.96
493
31
664»
48.8
84.30
49.7
27
97.54
633
56.11
483
32
83.46
493
37
97.98
483
56.96
47.7
56
2Vir«
FIXED STABS. [1865.
Places of JTtiHy'Semn of ike Prkuipal Fixed Starsf9r tntry
Tenth Day of the Year.
Epooh.—
/SGMi.
2.3
The Upper Culmination at Greenwich
• Arietis.
3
-Ceti.
2.3
• Tauri
iAldebarany,
• Aurin
CCapelta).
of the
Month.
i
i
i
i
<
i
1
1
i
1
1
i
Pi
^
1865.
h
ii
h.
1
o
22
h.
2
§
h.
4
o
16
h.
5
o
45
m. 8.
/ //
m. 0.
/ //
ra. 8.
/ //
m. 8.
/ //
m. 8.
./ //
Jan. 1
M 17.83
47 13.2
68 69.96
46 33.7
64 43.13
31 4.3
27 36.67
13 64.0
6 69.66
60 603
U
17.71
13.6
60.67
83.4
43.03
8.6
86.64
63.9
69.66
61.9
21
17.W
13.7
69.74
32.0
41.93
8.0
86.48
63.7
69.66
63.3
31
17.4»
13.6
69.69
81.4
41.79
3.6
864)8
63.5
66.46
643
Feb.lO
17.40
13.3
69.46
80.7
41.66
2.1
36.36
63.3
60.39
66.1
20
i7ja
11.6
69.81
39.8
41.61
1.6
86.00
68.1
694)6
66.7
Mar. 8
17.97
10.6
69.18
390)
41.87
1.6
864)3
63.9
6836
66.9
12
17.36
9.4
69.08
38.1
41.34
1.6
85.76
68.7
66.61
66.9
22
17.36
8.0
. 69.01
37.3
41.14
1.7
86.60
63.6
66.»7
66.6
Apr. 1
17.83
6.1
66.96
36.6
414)6
3.0
86.46
62.4
66.14
64.9
11
17.41
4.3
66.99
36.0
41412
3.6
86416
62.3
67.95
64.1
21
IIM
3.1
69.04
36.6
41.03
8.3
86.37
634)
67.80
633
May 1
17.78
46 60.8
69.17
36.4
414)6
4.1
86.34
62.4
67.70
61.8
11
17.96
67.4
69.33
35.6
41.16
6J)
86.36
63.6
67.66
60.6
21
18.30
66.0
69.64
36.0
41.30
6.6
864)1
62.9
67.66
49J3
31
18.49
63.6
69.78
36.7
41.49
8.1
8643
63.4
67.77
47.9
JunelO
16.79
60.1
60 0.07
37.6
41.71
9.7
86.66
64.1
67.93
463
20
19.13
473
OM
38.8
414)6
11.6
86.77
64.9
66.13
46.6
30
19.46
46.7
0.71
30.2
43.33
13.3
864)0
66.7
68.39
44.6
July 10
19.79
43.8
1.05
81.8
43.63
16.2
86.36
66.7
66.69
433
20
30.11
43.3
1.39
88.6
43.64
174)
86.64
67.8
60.03
43.3
30
30.43
40.9
1.73
88.4
43.16
18.7
86.64
66.9
69.41
43.8
Aug. 9
30.71
89.9
3.06
87.3
48.47
30.31
87.16
60.9
6030
43.6
19
30.96
89.3
3.36
80.2
48.77
31.7
87.47
18 0.9
6 0.31
42,7
29
31.18
89.0
3.64
41.0
444)6
S8.0
87.79
14)
0.64
43.9
Sept. 8
31.86
89.0
3.90
43.6
44.34
34.0
88.10
3.7
L07
43.8
18
31WW
89.4
3.13
44.6
44410
34.7
88.41
8.4
1.49
433
28
31.60
40.1
8.31
46.1
44.81
3&JI
88.71
44)
L91
443
Oct. 8
31.67
414)
8.48
47.6
464)1
36.4
86.99
4.4
34)1
45.4
18
31.70
43.1
8.61
48.7
46.18
S6.4
89.35
4.7
3.70
46.4
28
31.60
43.4
8.70
49.6
464»
36.3
89.49
4.9
8.06
473
Nov. 7
31416
44.7
8.77
60.7
46.44
34.8
89.70
4.9
8.40
463
17
31.60
46.0
8.80
61.4
4649
34.3
89.89
4.9
8.70
60.2
27
31.63
47.2
3.81
63.0
464Se
33.7
404K>
4.6
8.96
61.7
Dec. 7
31.48
48.3
8.78
63.3
46.60
384)
40.17
4.7
4.16
63.3
17
31.83
49.3
8.73
63.6
46.69
33.3
40.36
4.6
431
64.7
27
31.33
60.0
3.65
63.5
46.66
31.6
40.39
4.3
4.41
66.3
37
31.10
60.6
8.64
63.3
46.48
30.9
40.38
4.1
4.44
67.7
•J raXO 8TAB8.
TnUk Ikty wf ikt Year,
Epoch. — Tbe Upper Cafaniiuilion at Gnenwieh.
5a FIXED STABS. [1865.
TriM Jippareai Places of JTiirttfsevm qf the Prmapal Fiaud Stars for svenf
Tenth Day of the Year.
Epoch. — The Ujpper Culmination at Greenwich,
oftL
Moath.
•2 Geminorum
iCa8tor).
^ 1
1 i
*Cani8 Minoris
iProcj^n}.
i"t
i i
CPoUuaf).
2
^ 1
1 i
• Hydiw.
^ 1
1 1
• Leonis
1 1
i856.
k.
7
32
h.
7
o
5
h.
7
^
h.
9
1
h.
10
o
12
m. 8.
/ //
m. 8.
/ //
m. 8.
t u
m.. 8.
/ M
m. a.
/ //
Jan. 1
36 21.33
13 9.6
3143.07
36 40.e
36 36.88
23 23.2
30 27.94
149.3
39.90
40 98.4
11
31.38
10.1
43.21
80.4
27.06
23.4
38.17
61.6
89,17
27.6
21
31.49
10.8
43.30
88.3
27.17
33.8
38.35
63.7
8941
26U)
31
31.53
11.6
43.34
87.4
27.22
24.3
28.49
66.6
38.60
26.1
Feb.lO
21.62
13.3
48.33
86.7
27.22
24.9
38.68
ff7.3
89.74
24.6
20
31.46
13.2
43.37
86.2
27.18
26.6
38.63
68.9
89.63
34.1
Mar. 2
31.36
14.0
43.18
36.9
27.08
26.3
38.61
2 0.1
88.88
94.0
12
31.90
14.7
48.06
86.7
26.94
26.9
28.56
1.1
88.88
24.2
22
21.08
16.4
42.91
86.6
26.78
27.5
28.48
1.9
89.83
34.6
Apr. 1
30.86
16.8
42J6
86.7
36.61
28.0
28.37
2.4
89,76
94.9
11
20.66
16.3
43.69
36.9
36.48
28.4
28.26
2.6
39,66
' 35.4
21
20.48
16.3
42.44
86.2
36.36
28.6
38.13
2.6
20M
36J»
May 1
30.33
16.3
42.30
86.6
26.11
38.8
27.98
2.6
8943
96.6
11
20.20
16.2
43.19
87.1
26.98
38.8
27.85
2.1
39.31
27.1
21
30.11
16.9
43.10
87.6
36.88
38.7
27.73
1.6
89,90
27.7
31
20.06
16.6
43.06
88.3
35.82
38.4
97.62
0.8
89.09
3B.2
JunelO
20.04
14.9
42.03
89.0
35.80
38.1
27.54
1 69.9
a9U)0
98.7
20
30.07
14.3
42.06
89.7
36.82
27.7
27.47
66.9
88.92
39.1
30
30.14
13.7
42.10
40.6
26.88
27.3
27.43
67.8
88.87
394
July 10
90.26
13U)
42.18
41.4
26.97
96.8
97.42
66.7
88.84
29.6
20
30.42
12.2
42.31
42.2
36.13
26.2
27.43
66.5
88.83
29.7
30
20.61
11.6
42.46
43.9
36.30
36.6
2747
64.3
88.84
99.7
Aug. 9
90.84
10.7
42.64
43.6
36.50
25.0
97.53
63.2
88.88
20.6
19
21.09
10.0
42.84
44.1
36.73
24.4
97.64
62.1
88.95
29.4
29
21.37
9.2
48.07
44.6
36.99
33.7
27.76
61.2
89.05
98.9
Sept. 8
21.ff7
8.4
43.32
44.6
37.97
33.0
97.92
60-6
80.18
38.3
18
31.99
7.6
48.68
44.6
27.67
33.3
28.10
60.2
890)4
974
28
33.33
6.8
43.87
44.2
27.89
21.4
28.32
60.2
89J»
964
Oct 8
33.68
6.0
44.16
43.7
28.23
90.6
28.56
60.6
89.76
95.3
18
33.04
6.3
44.47
43.9
28.66
19.7
28.83
61.1
40U)0
38.8
28
33.41
4.6
44.78
41.9
38.94
18.8
29.13
62.1
40.28
33.3
Nov. 7
33.78
4.0
45.09
40.7
39.29
18.1
29.44
634
40J>9
30.4
17
34.14
3.6
4640
89.3
39.64
17.3
29.76
66.1
• 40.91
18U»
27
34.48
3.2
45.69
87.9
20.96
16.8
80.09
67.0
41.26
16.6
Dec. 7
34.80
3.0
46.96
864
30.29
16.3
8041
69.1
41.60
14.8
17
36.08
3.0
46.21
84.9
30.67
16.0
80.72
2 1.3
41.93
13.0
27
36.32
8.2
46.41
33.5
30.81
15.9
81.00
8.6
42.25
11.8
37
36.63
3.6
46.66
33.2
81.01
16.0
81.25
6.9
42.66
9.8
1855.] FIXED STABS. 59
Thte JJpparerU Places of Thirty^even of the Prindped Fixed SUtr$for every
TefUh Day of the Year.
Epoch.—
• The Upper Culminatioii at Greenwich
•
vUnsBMajoris.
^LeoniB.
• Tirginia
• Bootie
•SLitea.
1.2
2.3
iSpicay.
i i
UrcturuM}.
3
S:l
Bight Abc.
Dec. North.
i
I
i
1 *
i
1
Month.
1
i
1
1
i
h.
o
h.
o
h.
o
h.
o
h.
o
1855.
10
62
11
15
13
10
14
19
14
15
m. B.
/ //
m. B.
/ //
m. 8.
/ //
m. 8.
/ tt
m. 8.
/
Jan. 1
54 4&67
3146.6
4139.3rt
33 66.4
17 83.46
34 6.4
9 1.78
58 14.6
43 60JI1
36 7.9
11
46.a
47.0
39.63
63.7
33.79
8.6
3.13
13.1
60.64
9.6
21
40.78
47.9
39.94
69.3
33.13
10.6
3.48
10.1
60.88
11.9
31
47.10
49.8
40.91
61.1
38.43
19.6
3.79
8.4
61.93
184)
Feb. 10
47J»]
61J2
40.44
60.4
88.78
14.6
8.11
7.1
'61.65
I44i
SO
47.78
68.4
40JB
49.9
38J»
18.3
3.41
8.3
61.86
18J3
Mar. 2
47JM
66.8
40.78
49.8
84J33
17.8
84r7
84)
63.16
17.7
12
47J»
68.4
40.88
60.0
84.41
19.1
84)1
80
69.49
194)
22
47.98
S3 1.1
40iM
60.6
84.67
90.3
4.11
8.5
69.86
90.1
Apr. 1
4735
8.6
40.98
61.1
844B
91.1
4.38
7.3
64.86
91.1
11
47.06
0.0
40.94
61.9
84.76
91.7
4.41
8.4
684)4
313
21
47.49
8.0
40JW
69.8
84.83
93.3
AM
9.7
63.18
33.4
May 1
47.14
0.8
40.64
63.7
UJB6
93.4
4.68
11.1
68 JO
993
11
46.88
11.1
40.76
64.6
84.87
33.6
4.81
19.7
68.89
98.9
SI
40.60
19.0
40.67
66.5
84.86
93.5
4.03
14.3
68.40
983
31
40.17
13.4
40jn
66.8
84.89
33.8
4.60
16.7
68.49
98U
JunelO
46.88
19 J}
40.40
674)
84.76
33.1
4.66
17.0
68.60
98.4
20
45M
11.7
40.88
67.8
84.69
31.7
4.48
18.3
63.48
983
30
4A.90
10.7
40J98
66.0
84.6(y
31.8
4.40
19.3
68.43
38.1
July 10
46.06
9.3
40.19
66.3
84.61
30.8
4.39
30.1
68.85
394)
20
44.86
7.8
40.11
66.3
34.41
30.3
4.17
30.7
68.28
33.6
30
44.79
6.1
40U)fi
66JI
84.80
19.7
44)4
31.0
68.16
39.9
Aug. 9
44.64
3.6
40.00
664)
34.19
19.1
8.90
314)
634)3
213
19
44.61
8169.7
89.97
ff7.6
34.09
18.6
8.70
30.7
69.80
91.4
29
44.84
66.6
89.96
66.9
34.01
18.0
8.83
30.3
69.78
30.9
Sept. 8
44.74
68.1
89.98
664)
38.94
17.5
8.63
19.8
62.83
90.6
18
44.90
49.7
40.13
{«.7|
33.89
17.2
8.43
18.3
694a
20.0
28
46.14
46.4
53.4
33.88
17.1
3.84
16.7
62.43
19.7
Oct. 8
46.44
48.1
40.35
61.8
33.91
17J
8.80
164)
63.87
19.6
18
46.81
89.8
40.43
60.0
88.98
17.4
8.30
18.0
63.86
19.4
28
46.34
86.8
40.63
484)
84.10
17.9
&\
\\li\
63.39
19.4
Nov. 7
46.78
84:o
40.87
46.8
84.37
18.7
3.46
8.0
63.48
193
17
47.gfr
81.6
41.16
43.6
34.48
19.8
8.81
6.3
63.62
903
27
47.88
99.4
41.46
41.3
84.78
31.2
8.80
9.6
. 62.80
21.1
Dec. 7
48.41
97.8
41.80
39.0
864)9
33.8
44)6
65 69.8
634)4
33.2
17
4»M
96.7
49.14
88.8
86414
94.6
4.88
67.0
63.31
38.4
27
40.70
90.9
49U9
34.7
86.68
36.6
4.68
64.3
68.61
243
37
60.98
96.81
49.88
82.8!
364)3
38.7
4.96
61.9
63.94
20.4
90 FIXED STABS. [185d.
Tnu AnpuToa Plaeu of Thtrty-awm of the Pruuipal Fixed Stars for wenf
Tenth Day of the Year.
Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
3
jB Libra.
2.3
aOoiQiwBoro*
alia.
MSeroeatis.
31 Scorpil.
8
of the
il
1
i
1
2
8
<
1
1
1
^ 1
Month.
1
I
i
I
1
1
1
i
1 1
h.
o
h.
o
h.
o
h.
o
h.
o
1855.
14
74
15
8
15
27
15
6
15
19
m, 8.
/ //
m. a.
/ »
m. 8.
/ «
m. a.
/ //
m. a.
1 //
Jan. 1
51 9.09
44 36.4
9 10.84
50 41.2
28 81-42
13 9.3
37 6.09
58 0.6
66 58.66
94 leja
11
9.80
33.0
11.16
43.9
31.72
6.6
6.31
52 68.8
68J7
17.1
21
10.66
31.2
11.48
44.6
32.04
4.2
6.63
66.4
59.99
18.3
31
11.66
30.0
11.81
46.3
82.38
2.3
6.08
54.6
50.69
19.5
Feb. 10
12.47
29.6
12.1^
47.9
32.71
0.8
7.26
58.1
B»M
90.7
20
13.36
99.8
12.46
49.3
33.04
11 60.6|
7.86
51.9
67 OJW
91.9
Mar. 2
14.ia
30.7
12.76
60.6
33.36
69.3
7.86
51jO
0.03
98.0
12
14.93
32.1
13.02
61.6
33.66
60.3
8.15
50.6
0.06
34.1
22
16.58
34.1
1 13.97
13.49
62.3
38.93
69.9
8.41
50.3
1.33
36.0
Apr. 1
16.10
36.5
63.8
34.17
12 0.9
8.64
50.8
1.60
Si.7
11
16.49
89.3
13.69
58.1
34.38
2.2
8.86
61.0
1.75
36.4
21
16.74
43.3
13.86
68.2
34.66
8.9
9.04
51.8
1.07
26.9
May 1
16.86
46.4
14.00
63.2
34.71
5.9
9.20
52.7
2.16
fttji
11
16.81
48.6
14*11
68.1
34.8W
8.0
9.33
58.R|
3.88
37.7
21
16.63
61.4
14.20
52.8,
34.90
10.1
9.48
66.1
3.48
9(1.9
31
16.83
54.1
14.25
62.6,
34.94|
13.3
9.80
56.3
9.66
38.1
JunelO
16.91
66.6
14.27
62.1|
34.96
14.3
9.54
57.8
3.66
98.3
20
16.39
68.7
14.27
51.7)
34.92
16.3
9.56
66.7
3.70
28.3
30
14.78
45 0.3
14.34
51.3,
34^
18.0
9.68
69.9
3.70
28.3
July 10
14.10
1.4
14.18
60.9
34.78
19.5
948
53 0.9
iM
983
20
13.3Q
9.1
14.10
60.4
34.66
90.7
9.40
1.6
2.03
98.3
30
13.69
3.2
14.00
50.0
34.53
31.6
9.30
2.4
8.69
28.3
Aug. 9
11.80
1.8
13.88
49.6
34.36
93.1
9.17
8.0
3.40
28U)
19
110)9
0.8
18.74
49.8
34.19
33.3
9.04
8.3
3.37
27.8
29
10.36
44 69.3
13.60
49.0
34.01
33.1
8.89
8.4
2.19
27.5
Septs
9.63
&1A
13.47
46.6
88.88
31.6
8.74
8.4
1.96
97JI
18
8.86
66.0
13.36
48.6
88,67
30.7
8.60
8.1
1.8]
26.9
28
8.35
52.2
13.24
48.6
38.62
19.4
8.47
3.8
1.67
26.6
Oct 8
7.76
49.0
13.17
48.7
38.39
17.8
8.37
1.8
1.56
96.3
18
7.36
46.6
18.13
46.9
38.30
16.R
8.30
0.8
1.46
96.0
28
7.11
41.8
13.18
49.4
33.36
18J>
8.27
53 50Ji
i.a
95.8
Nov. 7
7.03
IPiSi
18.18
60.0
83.36
10.9
8.38
58.0
1.45
3S.8
17
33.6
13.30
61J0
83.33
7.8
8.35
66.3
1.51
95.9
27
7.23
29.7
13.45
53.1
83.48
4.9
&47
54.1
1.68
96JI
Dec. 7
7.88
96.0
13.66
58.4
38.60
1.8
8.64
534)
1.80
96.8
17
8.08
23.6
13.90
54.9
33.81
11 58.8
8.85
40.8
9.09
97.4
27
8.70
19.6
14.18
56.5
84.07
56.8
9.10
47.6
9.28
98JI
37
9.44
16.8
14.48
56.3
34U)6
58X
9.88
45.4
2.61
90.3
1855.] FIXEB BTABS. 61
Drue JfpjmrttU Piaees •f Tkirty'seven of tke Principal Fixed fitor» for emry
Ta^ Day cf the Year,
Epoch.-
- The Upper Calibiiiatioii at Greenwich
Dar
ofihtt
* Scorpli
iAntar€sy
^ 1
1 t
• OphiocbL
2
i 1
1 ]
i t
1 i
1 '^
i
1
•1
1
• AquilflJ
iAltuir),
l.a ^
ISS^l
IB
^
17
&
h.
18
3l
ig
§
19
&
in. «.
1 it
m, B.
f ff
'm. a.
t ft
m. a.
1 it
m. a.
i it
Jan. 1
30 2»,M!
fi 3GL4
ag 10.24
4a 0J'31 *P.43
38 66.7
IS 0,D7L»ST*3
43 40J8
-20 US
n
29.1T
31J)
10,4fi
39 M.fi
S9.afi
63.a
9,18| B*,0
40.4*
9,8
21
mJB
21,7
lO.ee
dfl-6
, fl9.73
M.4
9.3-3
31.2
40,S7
8.1
31
3(f.i9
3a,e
10,&4
fi4,5
49.94
47.6
9J0
30,8
40,73
6.6
Feb JO
30.4a
aa-s
11.52
fi3»S
33 O.lfl
45.0
9.70
31,7
40.90
5.3
SO
30.S3
^^
l\M
fll.4
0.4S
42.0
9.^
30,7
41,10
4,0
Mar. 3
31, IS
35.5
ii,ei
60.6
0.79
41,3
10.1&
30.1
41.33
3.1
12
3i.ai
36.4
12.12
4»,9
. 1,11
40.3'
10,45
29,7
AIM
2.6
2S
ai,83
27.3
12,42
49,fl
1.45
39.7
10.73
39.6
41.86
2.4
Apr. 1
3<2.ia
mi
12.71
flO.O
1.79
39.9
11,0^1
20.9
43.14
2.6
U
35,41
2B.9
12.99
60,1
3.13
40,6,
11,32;
30 J>
43.43
3.1
21
3^66
me
13.33
61,7
3,4^
41.9^
11.^
31.3
43,73
4.0
May 1
32.80
30.3
i3.ao
fi3,0^
3.77
43.a
11.93
33J5
43.04
5,3
U
33J0
30,9
13-73
M.e
3.06
45.8
13,31
33.9
43.34
0.6
21
33.2T
31.4
13^
6a,3
3.33
4fl.3
13.49
35,4
43.63
6,5
31
33,41
33J)
1445i
W.3
3,55
ai.i
13.7 S
37.1
43,f»0
10,4
JttttelO
aa.fli
33.4
14*33
4iO 0,1
3.74
64iJ
12,98
38.8
44.1fl
12,4
20
33.57
33,9
14.32
1.9
3,88
ffJJO
13,19
40.ft
41.37
14.4
30
33.S0
33,2
14.36
3.7
3,07
30 0,1
33JMJ
42.2
44.56
IG.fl
July 10
53.&9
33.6
1440
S,4
4,03
3.0
13.49
43.e
44.71
16.1
30
33^
33,a
14.3©
6S
4.01
6,8
13*57
45.3
4J.a3
30.3
30
33.46
34 JO
H,33
8.3
3.9fi
8.4
ia,6t
46.0
44.BS
2^iiO
Aug, 9
33.34
W.i;
14*34
9.3
3.8d
, 10.7
13,62
47.7
41.90
33.5
19
33/20
34.0
14p12
10,3
3,70
i3.e
13.66
48.7
44.fi7
34.8
m
33,04
33,B
i3.pT
lO.S
3.63
14,3'
13,50
49.4
44^1
35.9
Sept 8
33.87
33.d
13-81
11,3
3.30
^J
13.3»
BO.O
44.73
26.8
18
3-2,70
33,3
13,&^
11.31
3.06
]a.3j
13.35
60.3
44.S9
37,4
28
3^,34
33,&
I3*4e
n.Oi
3.S1
36.5
13.10
50,5
44.41
37.8
OcL 8
3^,41
32.4
13.2fl
10.5;
2.50
16,1
12,94
60.4
44.3fi
37,9
18
33^1
3l.§
13,J4
9,7
2,m
US
13-77
50,3
49,S
44, U
27.8
28
32*34
314
13J)a
e.6
2.00
14.7
12^3
43.96
37,4
Nov, 7
33.93
31.0
12.33
7.3
1.89
13. 1
12.49
49.1
43.81
963
17
33.07
30.7
12.89
6.6
1,73
11.3
ia.se
46,3
43.69
36.0
27
^2m
30.&
13.89
3.8
i,ea
8.9
12,31
47,3
43.60
34,9
Dec. 7
3'lSJl
30.a
ia.fl3
1,7
1.B5
0.3
12.2S
4fl.5
43.64
33.7
17
3J.73
30.7
13JM
3oas.3
1,63
3,3
13,58
44,9
43.53
33,5
S7
31.0
13.18
57,0
J .57
0.1
12:.32
43.6
43.64
30,T
37
it,£
13.36
64 .7
1,6S
^ 03,fi-
12,40
42al
43.59
19,1
62 FIXED STABS. [1855.
JVue JipparetU Places of TUrty-Mven cf tite Prmeiptd Fixed Siars far tnery
Tenth Day of the Year,
Epoch.-
-The Upper
Culmination at Greenwicli
.
of the
« Pjgnl.
.«Oe|ibo!.
1 ^Aqmrll.
Apisc.AwatralMi
i
1
1
1
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1 ^
ig
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1
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Jan. 1
36 30.90
i»4dJi
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'it 36.06
23 19,6
ff7 30J7
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Mar. 3
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18.61
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31.35
21,8
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July 10
3Ufi
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39*90
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7.3
7-0
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Aug. 9
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66-0
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33.00
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40-70
7,1
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43-0
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31.56
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4J4J2
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Septa
3 J. 44
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se
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US
35 J»
614
Oct e
30.ei
m
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40.8
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8^
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12.9
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28
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lO^^'j
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2-2.42
8.3
40.eo
16^
34 J 1
53.6
Nov. 7
3G'04
10^'
iJ-n
44^
itLm
ae^
40-70
16.8
34.81
63.8
1 17
^.7ft
10,2
fl.7fl
44.S
2-3^17
ff.i
40-03
17.9
34,iS
63.8
1 27
ffl*6B
fl.l
6*38
44,11
aajjft
9*7
40411
18.7
S4.M
53.5
Bee. 7
M^
7.d'
S.0O
43.3
21.94
3041
40-34
10-^
34.46
63.0
17
as.ti
h,b
6.66
41^'
^1^
11,1
40*3?
Tfl.5
34^
A2.3
27
3IM»
3.1
6.35
2&.6
ai.78
11. a
40,10
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fiL4
37
Q&.oa
0.4
^10
37.0
2U74
19.S
40.00
19-5:
34.1*
00.4
1855.]
DR. young's refractions.
68
Dr. Young's Refractions^ the Barometer being at 30 incheSy and the internal
Thermometer at 50, or the external at 47 degrees ; with the Corrections for
-|- one inch in the Barometer, and for — one degree in the Thermometer of
Fahrenheit. From page 19 of Vol. I. of Pearson's Practical Astronomy,
<
o
7
i
Ss
o
7
^
^
7
ii
15
i
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b
7
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33 51
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3 49.9
7!70
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6
33 53
71
7.6
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29
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7.61
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31 56
69
7.3
10
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39
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6 31
12.8
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30
3 44.4
IM
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15
31 5
67
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16
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30
6 14
12.6
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8 41.8
7.48
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30 18
65
6.7
20
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12.3
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40
3 39.2
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25
39 34
63
6.4
25
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27
2.0
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6
12.1
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3 86.7
7.36
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80
38 37
61
6.1
30
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27
3.0
9
5 54
11.9
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15
3 34.3
7.18
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85
37 51
59
5.9
35
13 53
36
3.0
10
5 47
11.7
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30
8 27.3
6.95
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40
37 6
58
5.6
40
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36
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5 41
11.5
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16
3 30.6
6.78
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45
36 34
56
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45
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35
1.9
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5 36
11.3
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80
3 14.4
6.51
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50
35 43
55
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60
13 16
35
1.9
40
530
11.1
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17
3 8.5
6.31
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55
35 3
53
4.9
4.7
55
13 3
25
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30
3 3.9
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6.94
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1
34 35
63
4
11 53
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1.70
10
6 30
10.8
18
2 67.6
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6
33 48
60
4.6
10
1180
33.4
1.64
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5 15
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19
3 47.7
5.61
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10
33 13
49
4.5
30
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32.7
1.68
30
5 10
10.4
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30
3 38.7
5.81
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15
33 40
48
4.4
80
10 50
32.0
1.63
80
5 5
10.2
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31
3 80.5
5.04
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90
33 8
46
4.3
40
10 83
31.3
1.48
40
5
10.1
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33
3 28J3
4.79
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35
3187
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4.0
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5
10 16
30.7
20.1
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1.38
60
4 66
9.9
9.8
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33
3 16.6
4.OT
AM
.976
80
31 7
44
3.9
966
11
4 61
34
3 10.1
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85
30 38
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8.8
10
9 43
19.6
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10
4 47
9.6
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36
3 4.3
4.16
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40
30 10
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3.6
30
927
19.1
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30
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1 58.8
3.97
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19 17
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40
858
18.1
1.33
40
4 85
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149.1
8.65
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55
18 53
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38
3.3
3.3
60
eTo
845
17.6
17.2
1.19
1.15
60
4 31
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9.00
.55
29
144.7
8.60
3.36
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3
18 39
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13
4 28.1
30
140.5
.901
5
18 5
37
3.1
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820
16.8
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4 24.4
8.86
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31
136.6
3.33
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10
17 43
36
3.0
30
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16.4
1.09
30
4 20.8
8.74
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32
133.0
8.11
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15
17 31
36
3.9
30
7 68
16.0
1.06
30
4 17.3
8.63
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33
1 39.6
3.99
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30
17
35
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40
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40
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136.1
3.88
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30
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34
33
3.8
3.7
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7
737
727
15.3
15.0
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8.30
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1 33.0
3.78
3.68
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13
4 7.5
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130.0
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16 3
33
3.7
10
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14.6
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37
1 17.1
2.58
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40
15 43
33
3.6
30
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14.3
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30
4 1.4
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1 14.4
2.49
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46
[l5 35
33
3.5
80
659
14.1
.91
30
3 58.4
8.00
.490
39
1 11.8
2.40
.144
50
16* 8
81
3.4
40
6 51
13.8
.89
40
3 65.5
7.89
.483
40
1 9.3
2.32
.139
M
14 51
ao
3.8
60
643
18.5
.87
60
3 52.6
7.79
.476
41
1 6.9
2.24
.184
64
SUNS PAUALLAX IN ALTITUDE.
Table of Refraaians, continued.
[185&
i
o
7
i
1^
+
o
1
i
ii
o
7
i
ii
+
o
1
1
1^
r
|£
<
r
1
i^
.83
1
t^
r
|<S
o
43
/ u
1 4.€
%u
tf
.180
o
66
40.8
L86
o
67
34.7
o
79
11.3
a
.88
43
1 2.4
3.00
.136
66
88.3
1.81
jyjd
68
38.6
.79
.047
80
10.3
.34
931
44
1 0.8
2M
.130
67
87.8
\M
JTIQ
69
33.4
.76
jm
81
9.3
.81
.018
46
66.1
1.96
.118
68
86.4
1.33
jm
70
31.3
.71
.048
83
8J1
.37
0)16
40
66.1
LOB
.113
60
86U)
1.17
jono
71
19.9
.67
UMO
88
7.1
.34
.014
47
64J1
1.81
.108
00
88UI
LIS
.067
73
18.8
UB
UB8
84
6.1
.30
.013
48
69.8
1.76
.104
61
83.8
1.08
M6
73
17.7
.60
SM
86
6.1
.17
.010
40
00.6
1.00
.101
63
81.0
1.04
.063
74
16.6
.66
.083
86
4.1
.14
.006
00
48.8
LOS
jtm
63
39.7
.99
.060
76
16.6
.63
sa\
87
8.1
.10
.006
Al
47.1
1.08
UNM
64
38.4
.96
J0S1
76
14.4
.48
.039
88
3U)
.07
.004
63
46.4
1.63
.090
66
37.3
.91
M5
77
13.4
.46
.037
69
IJ)
.03
M2
63
43.8
1.47
.068
66
36.0
Jen
jm
78
13.3
.41
.036
90
0.0
M
JOOO
64
43.3
1.41
.066
1
The correction for an increase of altitude of one inch in the barometer,
or for a depression of one degree in the thermometer, is to be added to the
tabular refraction *, but when the narometer is lower than 90 inches, or the
thermometer higher than 47 de^prees, the correction becomes suttraaive.
When ffreat accuracy is required, 0.003 inch should be deducted from the
observed neight of the barometer for each degree that the thermometer
near it is above 50 degrees, and the same quantity added for an equal
depression.
Ji Table of the 9un*s Parallax in AUitude,
Sun's
Altit.
Sun»» Horiaontal Parallax.
Sun'.
Allit.
Sun's Horizontal Parallax.
U
II
«
II
II
//
»
H
H
M
o
8.4
8.6
8.6
8.7
8.8
o
46
8.4
8U»
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.40
8.60
8.60
8.70
8.80
6.94
6.01
6.08
6.16
6.39
6
8J7
8.47
8.67
8.67
8.T7
60
6.40
6.40
6.68
6.60
6.66
10
8.37
8Jr7
8.47
8.07
8.67
66
4.83
4J8
4.93
4.99
6.06
16
8.11
8.31
8.81
8.40
8.60
60
4.30
4J26
4.30
4.86
4.40
ao
7.89
7.99
8.08
8.18
8.37
66
8.66
8.60
8.63
3.6B
8.T2
36
7.61
7.70
7.79
7.88
7J8
70
3.87
3.91
3.94
3.98
8.01
80
7.38
1M
7.46
7.68
7.63
76
9.17
9.30
3.38
3.36
3.38
86
6.88
6.96
7.04
7.18
7.91
80
1.46
1.48
1.49
1.61
IJB
40
6.44
6.61
6.69
6.66
6.74
86
0.78
0.74
0.76
0.76
0.77
46
6.94
6.01
6.08
6.16
6.33
00
0.00
0.00
04»
04»
0.00
Logarithm for converting Sidereal into Mean Solar Time + 9.996819&
" '« *« Mean Solar into Sidereal Time + 0.0011874.
A second of time at the Equator contains 1521 feet
1856.] ATMOSPHERICAL ELECTRICITY. 65
ATMOSPHERICAL ELECTRICITY.
By Professor Joseph Lovering of Harvard University,
In the last volame of this Almanac, I gave an exposition of the electrical
states of the earth and its atmosphere ; of the ways in which these electri-
cal states are produced, and the various methods contrived for studying
them. I propose in the present or the next volume to add some remarks
on the physical cause of thunder and lightning, considered as the yisible
tokens of electric discharge ; on the- danger of being struck by lightning ;
on the protections against it, natural and artificial, which have been pro*
Tided by Providence or human agency ; on lightning-rods, and their effi-
cacy ; and on the effects which electricity may possibly produce when and
where it chances to strike.
Aristotle speaks thus of the phenomena to be discussed : *' We, how-
ever, say that the same nature upon the earth is wind, but in the earth is
an earthquake, and in the clouds is thunder."* Aragot has defined thunder
and lightning as a phenomenon or meteor which is exhibited when the
heavens are covered with clouds ; and which manifests itself first by light
and then by noise. I will not dwell upon the fanciful distinctions on tnis
subject made by the Etruscans, renowned as they were in the ancient
world for their knowledge of these things. Pliny divided lightnings into
public and private. He also distinguished between those which came from
the stars and those which rise out of the earth. But Aristophanes, in the
Clouds, ridicules the idea that thunder ever cemes from the earth.
Regarding thunder and lightning as an atmospheric phenomenon, reveal-
ing to man*s senses the violent discharge of electricity between one cloud
and another, or between the earth and a cloud, I proceed first to inquire
into the peculiarity and height of thunder-clouds. Arago mentions, as one
peculiarity, a kind of fermentation, which Forster compared to that of cheese
when full of maggots. Peytier and Hossard, while engineering upon the
Pyrenees, observed that, even when the clouds were smooth underneath,
they were often rough above.
The effects of the lightning*s stroke have beeii found on the highest
mountains. Humboldt recognized them in South America ; Saussure dis-
covered them on Mont Blanc ; Ramond, Peytier, and Hossard met them on
the summits of the Pyrenees ; and Bouguer and Condamine on the Cordil-
leras. But it is not safe to presume that thunder-clouds reach as high as
the effects of their explosion. For the lightning may strike from a lower
cloud t^ to a higher peak as well as downward. There is a church in
Styria, standing upon a prominent mountain-top. On May-day, 1700, a
physician at that place noticed a dense black cloud below him ; the sky
above was a clear blue, when a flash of lightning ascended from the cloud,
struck the church, and killed seven persons. Murray says he has seen
lightning ascend in a spiral line. «
But even if it were admitted that the height of thunder-clouds is co-
equal with the marks of lightning, it would still be necessary to inquire
wnether thunder-clouds rise to that hei||ht in level countries. To answer
this question, resort is had to an observation of the interval which elapses
between the flash and the report. But unless the angular elevation of^the
cloud above the horizon is recorded, and is taken into the account, the
observation gives, and can only give, the distance of the cloud from the
observer, and not its perpendicular elevation above the earth's surface.
And this distance is correct only on the supposition that the sound is made
in the daudy and not along the whole line of discharge. Subject to these
corrections, a large number of illustrative cases, compiled by Arago, may
* y. 536. t Annutdre, 1633.
6*
66 ATMO8PHBRI0AI. ELBCTBICITT. [1855.
be used to answer the question in regard to the height of thunder-clouds,
and to show an extreme height of ^500 feet On the 5th of Jul^, 1788,
Saussure and son had a thunder-storm aboye them, although their tents
were pitched in one instance 3,471 metres, and in another 4,500 metres,
above the level of the sea. On one occasion, Massena and Suwarrow were
fighting a battle on the St. Gothard in clear sanlicht, while nature's artil-
lery, in the shape of a thunder-storm, was exploding below them. If,
therefore, the effects of lightning, and lightning itself, are known to exist on
high mountains, and even above their surface, frequently, if not generally,
thunder-clouds are much nearer the sea, and sink often to distances not
exceeding 1,000 feet above the earth's level surface.
Aristotle, Lucretius, Pliny, and Seneca, all have sought curiously into
the nature of lightning. Sleneca says : " Fire is produced by the percus-
sion of flint and steel, or by the friction of two pieces of wood. It may
happen, therefore, that the clouds, hurried away by the wiud, are likewise
innamed by means of percussion and friction." * The Clouds of Aristoph-
anes embodies the same idea.
Lightning and thunder are the momentary effects i>roduced by the pas-
sage of atmospherical electricity, as the common electrical spark and snap
betray the orainary discharge of electricity from an artificial electrical ma-
chine. It is not necessary, therefore, in this connection, to ask how or why
it is that the light marks the path of the lightning so plainly, that this effect
has come even to designate the cause which produces it.
The flashes of lightning which we see are indications of the oassage of elec-
tricity, sometimes between a eloud and the earth, but more frequently from
cloud to cloud. Gay-Lussac determined the length of the flash to be some-
times three miles in extent.t The electricity is restrained upon a cloud as
upon the prime conductor of an electrical machine, not by the pressure of the
air, but by its non-conducting character. When it is considered that a large
prime conductor will not collect and retain electricity sufiicient to give a spark
more than two or three feet in length, it is wonderful, if not inexplicable,
how the lightning can dart from the cloud over such spaces. Leslie t be-
lieved it to be carried, by a process analogous to the convection of heat, by
the vapor itself in its descent. If it is not carried by convection, but by
common conduction, the particles of moisture or rain may compose a chain
of communication from point to point. Hence the lightning strikes to the
around more easily afler rain ; and whenever it strikes before rain, it is
because it has extraordinary force, and so on such occasions it causes un-
usual havoc. Gay-Luasac makes a distinction between electricity on a
cloud and electricity on the prime conductor of an electrical machine. §
An interesting question may be started at this stage of the inquiry, viz.
whether lightning always starts from the cloud towards the earth, and
never leaves the earth to go to the cloud. It would be impossible to an-
swer this question, either in regard to lightning or artificial electricity, by
direct observation, because the fluid passes so rapidly over the longest
spaces that its whole track will be illuminated at once. Still, individuals
tnink sometimes they can see the flash start, and sometimes start first from
the earth, Kaemtz saw the spark leave two clouds and unite in the middle.
I am inclined to explain these results as subjective phenomena. If, for
any reason, one part of the flash is brighter than the other, it will require
less time to make its impression upon the eye. Now, I have recently seen
flashes which appeared the brightest, at the lower end, because the upper
was partially veiled by a cloud. And often the tioo extremities of an elec-
trical spark are brighter than the middle.
But the direction in which bodies have been scattered by lightning has
* avast. Nat., Uv. IT. §22 t Ann. de Ch. et Phys., XXTX. 106.
t Edtn. New PhU, J9um., XT. 1824, pp. 26, 27. « Ann. de Ch et Phye,, XXIX. 105.
1855.] ATMO0PHBRICAL EJLSCTRICITT. 67
beea principaUy relied on to ghow the probable direction of the li|^htniog.
And because pavements have been torn up, hair and books carried into
trees, a hat transported to the roof, the barks of trees detached below,
leaves erieped on the under side, which was convex, and sods turned up on
all sides, it has been concluded that the flash sometimes ascends. But
the double burr which is seen on a card through which a Leyden jar has
been discharged, and the marks of explosive power which generally char-
acterize the mechanical execution of lightning, should be our caution not
to give too much weight to such facts as have been briefly alluded to. It
will not be thought necessary now, however, to say, with Maflei, who, a
century ago, advocated ascending thunderbolts, that he could reconcile his
views with Scripture, which speaks of the *' fire falling from heaven." If
it is simply required to know whether the cloud or the earth represents the
positive end of the discharging line, we have only to place a steel needle
at right angles to its course, and observe the disposition of the poles after the
flash. Beccaria attempted to do this, by placing the steel^arallol to the
course of the lightning, and applying the experiments of Franklin, Dali-
bard, and his own.
Arago has divided the spark of atmospherical electricity into three kinds.
1. The zigzag. 2. Sheet-lightning. 3. Ball-lightning. The zigzag path
is commonly manifested, if at all, between the earth and a cloud, and not
between cloud and cloud.- Sometimes a barbed form, as in the point of an
arrow, has been attributed to it. When it divides, as is occasionally the
case, into two branches, it is called forked. Less frequently, three prongs
have been seen. The division of the charge is oflen inferred from the
simultaneous destruction of difl^erent objects, even when it has escaped de-
tection by any visible branches in the illuminated track of the darting elec-
tricity. Iflgpe branches of the zigzag course of the lightning are very
small, it produces an efiect known under the name of cbain-lightning.
Logan * believed that the zigzag shape of forked lightning was an il-
lusion, to be referred to the irregular refractions produced by clouds and
vapors. But Arago justly remarks upon this, that astronomers, when they
observe celestial objects through the same clouds and vapors, do not witness
such extraordinary influences upon li^ht. In this zigzag movement the
angles are very acute, so that, if lightning were regarded as a projectile, the
law of continuity would seem to be strangely violated. But if we consider
lightning as moving by an undulation of some description, as light and heat
are propagated, then these irregularities and this multiplicity of direction
may, perhaps, derive some explanation from the action of crystals on light.
But, may it not be that the path of the lightning takes its direction from the
accidental lines in which the conducting particles of vapor are arranged, as
in the well-known experiment of the spotted tubes f Howard has seen
lightning in its course aouble back upon itself, in a curve not unlike that of
the planets in their changes from direct to retrograde motion, and back
again. The zigzag flashes, which the Italians call " saette," carry gener-
ally destruction with them.
The second kind of lightning in the classification with which I started is
sheet-lightning. <' In the calmest nights," says Seneca, ** with the stars
shining bright, you nsay see lightnings flash, but doubt not in the direction
of the lishtning there will be found clouds which the spherical form of the
earth hides from our view. The flash ascends on high, and appears in the
bright and serene sky, being withal elaborated in some obscure and dark
cloud." t Bergman says, that in Sweden these flashes are called *' light-
nings of the barley." This silent lightning is rarely seen when the sky is
cloudy. It is much fliinter than streak-lightning, as we see when the two
♦ Phil, Trans. XXXIX. 240. t ft- N. 11. 26.
68 ATMOSPHERICAL ELECTRICITY. [1855.
kinds are visible at the same time. Lozeran de Fesc, in his dissertation on
thunder, to which the Academy of Bordeaux awarded its prize in 1736,
supposed these summer, heat, or silent lightnings to be reflected.
This silent lightning has frequently been supposed to be the reflection
of distant storms below the horizon of the observer. It has been objected
to this view, that a reflected light, inferior to common lightning in the same
proportion that twilight bears to daylight, would be too feeble to aflfect the
eye. But Arago summons to the aid of the first supposition the fact, that, in
1739, while Cassini and Lacaille were making experiments on the velocity
of sound, a discliarge of cannon near the light-house of Cette was seen
where both the town and light-house were concealed by Mount St. Bauzeli.
Again, in 1803, Baron Zach was flashing gunpowder on the Brocken, as a
signal for longitudes. The flashes were seen on Mount Kenlenberg, 180
miles off, although the mountain itself was below the horizon. Moreover,
when guns are fired at the Hotel des Invalides, in Paris, the li^ht is seen
in thegardensof Luxembourg, where no part of the first building is in view.
In many cases, it is known that a storm has been raging below the horizon,
betraying itself to the observer by no clouds or noise, but only by the re-
flected lieht. On the 10th of July, 1783, the town of Geneva was visited
by a terrible thunder-storm. From the Hospice du Grimsel, Saussure saw
the light, without any clouds or noise, in that direction. It is not so easy
to dispose of those instances in which heat-lightning has played for a.whole
night on all sides of the horizon. Can we suppose a storm all around,
while over our heads is an oasis of serenity ? Moreover, Deluc mentions
instances in which one flash from a visible cloud was attended by a stun-
ning noise, and the next, though equally bright, was inaudible. May it
not be, that in some cases the thunder is inaudible because the electric dis-
charge occurs between cloud and cloud, in regions of highlj •refied air ?
Arago proposed to test the reflection of the light by his poTariscope.
Arago says, in regard to ball-lightning, that many questions might be
asked of it, in presence of which science would stand mutio. From the
works of Boyle, ne has gleaned an accident which occurred to the ship
Albemarle, near Cape Cod, in 1681. A flash of lightning was seen, and
something fell upon deck which the men could not extinguish or sweep
overboard. Deslandes relates, that a church was struck near Brest, and
three balls of fire were seen, each three and one half feet in diameter. In
1772, such a ball was seen to oscillate in the air, and then fall. On the
7th of December, 1838, the Royal ship Rodney was struck, with a sound
equal to that of a thirty- two-pounder. Two men were killed, and their
clothes burnt off. Their comrades said they saw balls of fire, and ran afler
them to throw them overboard. In 1848, such a ball came slowly up and
exploded upon the mainmast of a United States ifhip in the Gulf-Stream.
Joseph Wasse, in Northamptonshire, thought that, in 1725, he heard the
noise of the motion of one ball through the air. These balls are visible
from one to ten seconds. They are said sometimes to strike the earth and
rebound. Are thejr subjective phenomena^ originating in a dazzline bril-
liancy of the lightning, or are tney agglomerations of ponderable substan-
ces ? Fusinieri states, that he has onen found iron in various degrees of
oxidation, and sulphur, in fhe powdery dei>osits around the fissures through
which the lightnins has entered. As pertinent to the statement that thun-
der-stones, so called, are found in the trunks of trees, Arago asks the ques-
tion, whether thunder has introduced toads into the trunks of trees.
To ascertain the duration of lightning in its various phases, Arago pro-
poses to use a wheel of a definite number of spokes, which shall be turned
by clock-work. The duration will be given either by the velocity neces-
sary to make the whole circular area appear illuminated, or by the arc illu-
minated with a fixed velocity. Arago credits this contrivance to Wheat-
stone. I will remark, in regard to the color of lightning in general, that
1855.] ATM08PHSRICAL EJLKCTBICITY. «9
wheD tlie diachaiging cloodi sre near the earth, the light is white ; and
when they are at a great height, the light is reddish or violet.
I may premise what I have to say od the subject of thunder, by observ-
ing that soand, in general, is a vibration, sometimes oricinatisg in an aerial
disturbance, and, at least, generally transmUud by the air, whatever its
origin. Some physical writers have been anxious to determine the way in
which the original disturbance is created. Is thunder produced in the
cloud ? or is it produced by the passase of the electricity from cloud to
cloud, or from a cloud to the eartli ? There are those who lay stress upon
the exceeding velocity 6f electricity, and imagine that, as it rushes along in
the air, it leavei behind itself a vacuum into which the air dashes with a
great noise, as in the bladder-glass experiment with the air-pump. Others
attribute the noise of thunder to the sudden compressions and dilatations
which the air undergoes. Pouillet thinks the passage of a cannon-ball
through the air with the same speed would make as great a sound as that
of thunder. He also suggests^ whether the conduction of electricity by such
a substance as the earth's atmosphere may not consist in a rapid induction
from particle to particle ; aad whether the alternate decompositions and
reoompositions involved in these suocessive molecular inductions may not
be the violence which produces the sound. If, in a single instance, the
elevation of a thunder-cloud were computed by tlie interval between the
flash and the report, and on the assumption that the sound- originated in
the cloud, and this calculated height compared with the true height as
known in other ways, — as, for example, hy the position of the cloud
in respect to a steeple or <yUier object whose height was known, — it
would be possible to determine at least upAcrs, if not how, the sound wa»
made.
Aristotle says of the sound, *' For thus in clouds, a separation of the
pneumatic substance taking place, and falling against the density of the
clouds, produces thiuader." Pliny suggests, whether thunder may not be
caused by shoetiag-stars, hissing as hot iron does when pat in water. But
he wisely adds, " These thincs are hidden with the majestv of nature, and
reserved within her cabinet. Lucretius compares thumier to the sound
which accompanies the tearing of pi^ier, silk, or parchment. He thought
Tiolent winds squeezed it out of the clouds. Descartes thought that an
upper and a lower stratum rushed together, as he had sometimes seen to
happen in the Alps. And we might say, with Seneca, '* If clapping the
hands makes such a noise, what must we hear when two clouds come to-
gether with a rush ? " Fey tier and Hossard observed that the thunder from
clouds in which they were immersed sounded like the blaze of powder
when set on fire in an open space. Richard, in his Histoire de I'Air, com-
pares it to the sound made by the rolling of a heap of nuts upon wooden
planks. But as soon as he rose above the clouds, the thunder was loud
again.
Aristophanes ridicules the meteorological speculations of the ancients in
the foUowlnc passage from the Clouds : —
^ Strepnadet. But tell me, who is it that thunders .' That makes me •
terribly afraid.
*< Socraiea. The clouds, as they roll along, give birth to the thunder.
** Sir^, How ? O most audacious man I
<' Soe. When they are saturated with much moisture, and are compelled
to be borne along, and, full of showers, lower themselves from necessity >
if, in this heavy state, thev dash against each other, thev explode and crack.
" Strep, But is it not Jupiter that compels them to Be borne along?
'* Soe, By no means ; but the etherial vortex.
*' Str4!p, Vortex ? It certainly had escaped my notice that Jupiter had
ceased to be, and that Vortex now reigned in his stead. But you have, as
yet, told me nothing concerning the noise of the thunder.
70 ATMOSPHERICAL ELECTRICITY. [1855.
'* Soe. Have yoa not beard me say, that the eloudSf when full of moist-
are, dash against each other, and resoand by reason of their density?
*^ Strep, How am I to believe this ?
" Soe. I will prove it to you from your own case. Have you not, after
you have been stuffed with broth at the Panathenaie festival, then felt a
disturbance in your belly, and a rumbling has suddenly resounded through
it?
** Strep. Yes, by Apollo, I have ; and it has played the mischief with mj
inside.
'' Soe. And is it not probable that the air, being boundless, should make
a much more mighty thundering ? *'
Every one distmguishes between a clap of thunder and the pealing sound
which frequently is heard. This prolonged noise sometimes lasts from
thirty-six to forty-five seconds. Captain Scoresby, near Lake Killarney,
observed that the sound of a pistol-shot continued thirty seconds. In the
neighborhood of Paris, where the echo is not remarkable, the report of a
cannon was audible from twenty to twenty-five seconds. Many think the
rolling sound of thunder sufficiently explained, when they refer it to a
complicated system of echoes. It is not a fatal objection to this view that
the thunder rolls also at sea, because the clouds can reflect as well as the
solid mountains of the earth. The report of a cannon or pistol is repeated
in a lowering sky, when it is not in clear weather. The French acade-
micians, while making their experiments upon sound, observed that, when-
ever clouds were between their two stations, the signals were reverberated
so as to sound like thunder. Peclet, however, argues that the rolling of
thunder cannot proceed from the reflection of sound from the clouds, be-
cause at sea the report of a cannon is never repeated in that way.
Dr. Hooke, in 1706, started the explanation given in Herschers Treatise
on Sound.* He rests his theory upon the moderate velocity with which
sound travels through the air. This distinction between the velocity of
the luminous and acoustic radiations of bodies is thus described by Pliny,
thouffh referred to the wrong cause : " That the lightning is seen before
the thunder-clap is heard, although they come indeed jointly together, it is
certainly known. And no marvel, for the eye is quicker to see light than
the ear to hear a sound. And yet nature doth so order the number and
measure, that the stroke and the sound should accord together ; . . . . neither
is any man stricken who either saw the lightning before or heard the thun-
der-clap." Lucretius knew better why the sound comes after the flash.
But the question has been raised, whether the lightning strikes before it
is visible. Arago brings forward many cases of persons who were struck,
and yet heard and saw nothing.
If we suppose an electric disturbance to take place, not at a single focus,
but along a ereat lensth of cloud or moist air, the audible efiects of this dis-
turbance will reach the ear from the different points of its origin in succes-
sive instants ; so that a sound which, at its departure, is contemporaneous in
time, but diffused in space, produces an impression upon the organ of sen-
*Bation, local in maee^ nut prolon^d in time. Dr. Robinson illustrates this
view by a very long file of soldiers, and by the multiplied sound which
would be heard by one placed in the same line beyond, if their guns were
all fired together. Lardner has objected to this analogy, that in the latter
case we should not have a succession of sounds, but a note of a certain
pitch.
If Hooke's account of rolling thunder is adopted, it will be necessary to
suppose the train over which the electric discharge runs to be three or four
leagues long, in some remarkable storms. As all the peculiarities of sound,
and the combination of sudden claps and rolling peals, depend on the con-
* Eneycl. Metr.
1855.] ATMOSPHERICAL BLECTBICITY. 71
fi|rttratio& of the elouds with respect to the point addressed by the noise, we
may say, with Kaemtz, that every observer hears lus own thunder as he
sees his own rainbow.
It has already been stated, that siUtU lightning is not unfreciuent. It is
no leas true that there is invisibU thunder; that is, thunder without light-
ning, or even clouds. Seneca says, that it thunders sometimes without
lightning. In 1751, this was frequently observed at Martinioue. We
moat exclude from the account earthquake countries. In St. Fe de Bogota,
the thunder-mass is pronounced every year. The obvious explanation of
Invisible thunder is, that it proceeds from clouds below the horizon. In
pursuing this view, we are arrested by the fact, that thunder is never heard
at any very great distance, and that clouds in which the discharge of elec-
tricity is audible, but invisible, must therefore be excessively near to the
earth's surface. De I'lsle once counted thirty-two seconds between the
flash and the report. Arago finds no instance recorded greater than forty-
nine seconds. If this method of calculation is accurate, it would appear
that thunder has never been heard to a greater distance than fifteen
miles. The remarkable limitation of this maximum distance is proved by
other means, perhaps less exceptionable. On the 25th of January, 1757, a
steeple in Cornwall was struck. The great eoeineer, Smeaton, who was
only thirty miles distant, saw the light, but heard no noise. Muschenbroek
says it thunders at the Hague when no sound is heard at Leyden or Rotter-
dam, which are only ten and thirteen miles ofi^. Also, thunder at Amster-
dam is not heard at Leyden, which is removed from it twenty-two miles
and a half. It certainly is strange that the sound of thunder, which, in
many cases, has been compared to one or two hundred pieces of artillery
booming at once, should be inaudible at distances exceeding fifteen or
twenty miles, especially when we consider that cannonading has been heard
two hundred miles. The Emperor Kanghi* was surprised that thunder could
be heard only ten leagues, when he had heard artillery thirty leagues.
The distinguished meteorologist, Howard, relates that, in 181^ when a
continuous stratum of mist prevailed, he could hear the carriages on the
stones of London streets, when he was five miles away. The great bell of
St Paul's cathedral is heard at Windsor, over a distance of twenty -four
miles.
Now, in a level country, an object can be seen at the distance of fifteen
miles, if it is vertically raised as much as one hundred feet above the earth's
surface. Hence we are driven to the conclusion, either that invisible thun-
der comes firora clouds which are less than one hundred feet in elevation,
or else that the electric discharge can take place in an apparently serene
sky, and that it may be accompanied with a heavy report without a corre-
sponding flash. Can there be an electric discharge from a clear and serene
sky ? In reply to this question, Arago has marshalled many cases related
by Pliny, Suetonius, and Crescentius, in which lightning was described as
flashing from a clear heaven ; but nothing is said about the thunder. An-
aximander believed that it might thunder from a serene sky, for he at-
tempted to find out the cause. There is not so much difficulty when
thunder, unaccompanied by lightning, is heard in the presence of clouds, for
then possibly the discharge may be in higher regions of clouds, the view of
which is screened from the hearer by mtervening strata too dense to be
penetrated by the lightning's flash. But many would prefer the alterna-
tive of supposing that thunder-clouds are sometimes less than one hundred
feet above the earth's surface, to admitting that it can thunder with or
without lightning from a serene blue sky ; especially if, soon afterwards,
clouds appear. Volney relates, that, at Pontchartrain, he heard peals of
thunder, out saw no clouds, even in the horizon. But in the course of an.
hour, majestic hail-clouds rose into sight.
♦ Mem. o/Miaa. to China, IV.
72 ATMO&PHBBICAL ELECTMCITT. [1855.
The destruction aotually cacned by thainter and Ughtnifig 'w wiioliy dts-
proportioned to the apprehensions which are felt concerning them. But
fear of evil is itself a real evil, and whatever inspires confidence is the ocea*
sion of as much happiness as if it reallj protected and saved.
According to the calculation of chances, and in a general view of tb«
subject, the danger that any particular individual, building, or ahip will be
struck by lishtning within a specified time is certainly very small. But
small as this liability is, it has sometimes been said that a man bad three
chances of being killed by lightning to every single chance which he could
expect of drawing a prize in a lottery; bo that whoever parebases a ticket
may feel assured that he is likely to be killed three times by a thunderbolt
while he is drawing one prize !
Some spots of the earth's surface, from geographical and geological pecu-
liarities, as well as meteorological exposure, are in much less danger of
being struck than elsewhere. In Lima, there is little thnnder, and the sky
is almost always clear. Those natives who have not* travelled do not
know what thunder and lightning are. Foor eases only of thnnder are oo
record since 1652, and these were considered so extraordinary that the
epochs are preserved. In L. Islande there is supposed to be no thunder,
and in fact, during two years, from 1833 to 1835, thunder was heard there
only once. Ermah states, that at Meta there are no thunder-storms in
winter, and rarely in summer; while at Udskiz thev are firequent and
violent. He also alludes to the thunder in winter at lerbinsk. Scoresby
says there is no lightning seen at Spitzbergen.. Gisecke heard thunder but
once in Greenland durmg a residence of six years. Many navigators,
among whom may be mentioned Phipps, Scoresby, Parry, and Rois, are
of opinion that less thunder is heard as you approach the poles. In 1827,
Parry did not hear it once. It never thunders above the parallel of 75^,
and rarel]jr between those of 7QP and 7b°. Scoresby says that lightning is
seldom witnessed north of the arctic circle, and its occasional flashes are not
accompanied with thunder. Thence, as you approach the tropics, the thun-
der-storms become more frequent. Ross and Scoresby observed that the
electrometer was rarely affected in the arctic regions; and, in 1819, Parry
noticed that the electrometer chain on the mast did not affect the pithballa
of the instrument. In England, France, and Germany, it thunders twenty
days in a year ; in Rio Janeiro and I'lnde, it thunders fifty days annsally.
Pliny relates that it never thunders in Egypt. Plutarch makes the same
statement in regard to Ethiopia. But at the present day thunder is not
uncommon in Uairo and Alexandria ; and as tnunder occurs in the coun-
tries adjacent to Ethiopia, it may be supposed that it occurs there also.
The scanty data which exist indicate that thunder is more common on land
than on water. Arago thinks that at a certain distance from land it never
thunders ; but he allows that more facts are wanting.
Thunder-storms are more frequent in summer than in winter, though,
according to Schubler, the electrical charge of the air is less intense at that
season in clear and even in cloudy weather. Pliny remarks, that lightning
is more common in autumn and spring than in summer or winter. But
Arago infers that thunder-storms, if less frequent,, are more dangerous in
winter than in summer, from the following facts, compiled from Harris's
papers. Out of all the ships struck by lightning between the Mediterranean
and the coast of England, from 1681 to 1832, twenty-three cases belong to
the first four months of the year ; sixteen occurred in the last four months
of the year, and only four in the other months.
It has been conjectured, that, in countries where there are mines« there
are fewer thunder-storms.* But, on the contrary, no one willingly inhabits
, El Sitio de Tumba barreto, on account of the frequency of the lightning-
* DUlwyn.
1^5.3 ATMOSPHEBlCAIi ELECTRICITY. 73
Strokes. This place is near ^Id mines, and many miDera are killed
there. BoussiogauU found that a thunder-storm was ielt there almost
eTery day. lo the month of May be counted twenty days so distinguished.
His own guide was struck to the ground. The Loma de Pitago, near Po-
payan, enjoys the same melancholy celebrity. * A Swedish botanist, per-
sisting, contrary to advice, in crossing it during a storm, met bis death in
the attempt. It has been conceded to the Popayannais ^^ to have the best
thunder in the republic." In Europe, the <'lnfames Scopulos," as Horace
calls them, of the Acroceraunian mountains, which Cassins Dio calls the
Citadels of Thunder, have a terrible reputation.
Pliny mentions a tower so often struck that its renewal was finally aban-
doned. A school- house in Lammer Muier was struck on three different
occasions. In 1826, the same house, in Wethersfield, Conn., was struck
twice in an interval of only two or three days. Hutchinson says, that at
Jamaica the clouds at noon cover the mountains of Port Koyal ; it then
thunders so loudly that the sound is heard at Kingston. At half-past two,
P. M., the sky is clear again. These changes of weather are rung every
day for five months, from November to April, in Boston, the same steeple
has been struck repeatedly. In 1763, the steeple of Antrasroe was struck
twice during the same storm. On the 25th of April, 1760, the lightninir fell
tbreiB times in twenty minutes on the buildings of Notre Dame de Ham.
On the night of the 14th of April, 1718, twenty-four steeples were struck
along the coast of Brittany; and on the lltn of January, 1815, twelve
steeples suffered a similar fiite in the Rhenish Provinces. In 1783, a Ger-
man antiquarian in this province of meteorology found that, yvithin the
period of thirty-three years, 386 steeples had been struck and 121 ringers .
killed.
There is a great difference of exposure observable in varions departments
of France. And the fatality of smgle years is not the same even at the
same place. In 1805, only one individual is known to have been killed in
France by lightning. In 1797, twenty-four were struck, and seventeen
killed. In 1819, twenty-two were killed. In other places, nine individ-
uals have been killed at once, and eighty-two wounded. On the 18th of
February, 1770, all the inhabitants of Keverne, in Cornwall, who were in
church, were thrown to the ground. In 1797, between June and August,
eighty-four accidents and seventeen deaths occurred in the United States,
from thunder and lightning, as Volney found from the newspapers of this
country. I have preserved accounts of three persons killed in 1850, in this
country, fourteen in 1851 (and five churches struck), six in 1852, thirteen
in 1853, and twenty-two in 1854, besides many injured. At GK>ttingen,
in a century, only three persons have been killed by lightning ; in Halle,
only two. In 1838, 1839, and 1840, forty deaths by lightning occurred in
England, and forty-six in Wales. In 1815, twenty-rour persons were strtick
by lightning in the Low Countries.
If the statements of the ancient historians and poets are to be credited,
thunder-storms have degenerated, and accidents fi*om lightning are less
common and less disastrous now than formerly. In Virgil, Ovid, and Pro-
pertius, more r^arkable men are said to have met their fkte in this way
than can be counted up during the last two thousand years, notwithstand-
ing the casualties which have befollen the ancient records. Araso thinks
that fiicts render some support to the theory of degeneracy, and at least
that thunder does not now so frequently as formerly officiate as Minister of
War. Herodotus relates that the army of Xerxes was struck by lightning
near Troy, and many men were killed. Paiisanias records the same acci-
dent of the Lacedemonian army near Ar^os.
In estimating the destruction by lightning, property as well as life must
be taken into the account. In 1417, the steeple of St. Mark, in Venice, was
Btnick by lightning, and burned. It was rebuilt, and again reduced to ashes
7
74 ATMOSPHEBICAL ELECTRICiTY. [1855.
on the 12tb of Ausust, 1489. It was afterwards bailt of atone, and was stmck
again on the 23a of April, 1745. The repairs this time cost eight thou-
sand ducats. On the 27th of July, 1759, lightning burnt all the wood-
work of the roof of the cathedral of Strasburg*. It was proposed to place
conductors upon it, but ther6 was some objection on account of the expense.
On the 14th of August, 1833, it was struck three times within one quarter
of an hour, and so much damaged that the repairs cost six millions of dol-
lars. There was still some hesitation in regard to lightning-rods, when it
was struck once more on the 19th of July, 1834. Rods were placed upon
it in 1835, at an expense of only $ 3,000. On the 10th of July, 1843, it was
struck twice, but the rods saved it.* On the 18th of August, 1769, the
tower of St. Nazaire, at Brescia, was struck, and the subterranean powder-
magazine, containing 2,076,000 pounds of powder, belonging to the repub-
lic of Venice, was exploded. One sixth of the whole town was laid in
ruins, and the rest was very much injured. Three thousand pessons per-
ished. The property destroyed amounted to two million of ducats. The
magazines of Malaga and Tangier have been fired by lightning. On the
26tTi of June, 1807, the powder-magazine of Luxembourg, containing
2d,000 pounds, was struck, and, besides thirty persons killed and two hun-
dred wounded, the town was ruined. Stones were thrown a league. Sir
W. Snow Harris quotes from Fuller's Church History the following :
** Scarcely a great abbey in England exists which, once at the least, was
not burned down with lightning from heaven."
Arago had compiled, in 1838, a catalogue of seventy-two vessels which
had been struck oy lightning. Mr. Harris has published an account of
235 ships of the British navy struck by lightning between 1793 and 1839.
During fifteen months of the years 1829-30, in the Mediterranean alone,
five ships of the British navy were struck. In a pecuniary view alone, the
loss is very great. The lower mast of a frisate costs $ 1,000, and of a
ship of the line $2,000. When the Logan, of New York, was consumed
by liehtning, the loss exceeded $ 100,000. The sacrifice of property was
equaUv great when a similar fate befell the Hannibal, of Boston, in 1824.
Sir W. Snow Harris says : 'Mt appears, from the records of the navy,
that the destructive efiects of lightning on his Majesty's ships involved
in former years an expenditure of not less than from iC 6,000 to iS 10,000
annually ; in 200 cases only, 300 seamen were either killed or hurt ; and
above 100 large masts, valued at the time at from JC 1,000 to X 1,200
each, entirely ruined. Between the years 1810 and 1815, no less than
thirty-five sail of the line, and thirty-five frigates and smaller vessels, were
completely disabled." In the autumn of 1846, the ship Thomas P. Cope,
bound from Philadelphia to Liverpool, was struck by lightning and fired.
It was forsaken, and left to its fate. It had no conductors. The same
calaiaity happened, in 1853, to the Golden Light, of Boston-
I may also add to Arago's catalogue, besides many of which I have kept
no account, the schooner Forest, of Boston, which was struck, and one
seaman killed ; the schooner E. S. Powell, of Washington, which lost one
seaman ; the ship Audubon, at New York; the bark Emily Miner, in Mo-
bile Bay, which was scuttled and sunk ; the schooner Eglantine ; the
Young Tell, in the Penobscot; and the ship Shirley, of dtston ; and, in
1853, three ships at New Orleans, viz. the Josiah Bradlee, of Boston, Rar-
itan, of Kingston, and the Desdemona; also. Gem of the Seas, saved from
much damage by the burning sacrifice of her conductor. In 1854, pilot-
boat New York, the schooner Emma Hotchkiss, of New Haven, and
ship Southport, at Savannah, were struck. Besides these, Mr. Harris men-
tions ten vessels destroyed by lightning since 1838, and thirteen injured.
♦ Rive. Arch, de VEtec. IH. 436.
1855.3 ATMOSPHERICAL ELECTRICITY 75
none of which are in my catalogae. When the barqoe Matagorda was
■track, the captain and his wife were killed.
Still, after we have made as complete an inventory as possible of the
loss of life and property on land and sea, throush the agency of lightning,
we must admit that danger from the tliunderboh is one of the smallest
liabilities to which a man is exposed in this world. Arago thinks the
danger no greater than that of being killed by the falling of a fiower-pot or
chimnejT'top. Why, then, he asks, this exa^erated apprehension ? Let
Arago give the answer. If a loud detonation informed a whole city when-
ever a flower-pot or chimney-top fell, everybody wonld fear for his own
head when be heard the noise. Besides, the noise itself affects the nerves
as well as signalizes the danger. Moreover, if the lightning strikes any-
where but rarely, 'its inoffensive flashes are innumerable. Ausustus, it is
said, was so timid in this respect, that he sought refuge from lightning in a
cave. So much for the courage of a great Roman Emperor. The ancients
believed that lightning did not penetrate into the solid earth more than five
feet. But the vitreous tubes hereafter to be mentioned prove that it pen-
etrates sometimes to the depth of one hundred feet.
(To he cavUinued.)
II. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION.
I. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES FOR CAMBRIDGE, Mass.
Summary of the Meteorological Observations made at the Observatory of
Harvard College during the Year commencing January let, 1853, and end-
ing December dOth, 1853. By Wm. Cranch Bond,
Lot. 42° 22' 48".6 JV., Long. 71° 7' 30" VT.
1. Mean Barometric Pressure and External Temperature.
1
Mean Height of the Barometer.
External Thermometer.
1 , «
1 : t
IS
CO
a*
1
<
CO
1853.
January,
February,
March,
June,
July,
August,
September,
October,
November,
December,
Inch. 1 Inch.
29.944 ' 29.988
29.951 i 29.960
29.810 1 29.817
29.902 , 29.901
29.912 29.917
29.995 1 29.988
29.941 ; 29.956
29.926 1 29.944
29.966 1 29.960
29 942 29.946
30.174 30.193
29851 29.864
In.
.056
.071
.059
.055
.045
.045
.044
.046
.042
.040
.059
.031
Inch.
29.9:32
29.889
29.758
29.846
29.872
29.943
29912
29.898
29.918
29 906
30.134
29 833
Inch.
29.979
29 909
29.803
29.883
29.940
29.961
29.939
29.916
29.940
29.931
30.192
29.856
Inch.
29.961
29.927
29.797
29.883
29.910
'^.972
29.937
29.921
29.948
29.931
30.173
29.851
22°1
249
307
38.5
50.4
56.9
61.3
61.6
55.9
42.5
37.2
23.3
24°2
29.1
36.6
47.2
66.6
71.9
73.8
71.7
63.4
50.4
40.5
24.6
32^2
637
41.6
61.9
64.4
75.8
78.9
70.9
70.0
50.6
42.2
31.9
25°6
29.2
34.3
42.8
64.0.
62.5
68.2
65.8
56.6
47.5
38.3
26.0
o
25 77
29.22
35.80
46.10
66.35
66.77
70.56
67.50
61.22
47 76
39.65
26.45
Ann. Mean,
29.943 1 29.953
.049
29 903
29.937
29.934
42 11
49 17
63 6b
40.82 47.67
The barometer has been corrected for capillary attraction and reduced to the temperaiure
of 320 Fahrenheit, but not for sea level. The height of the cistern of the barometer is 71
feet above the mean level of the eea at Charlestown navy yard.
Barometer highest, Jan. 29, 9 A. M., 30.692. Thermometer highest, June 21, 3 P. M., -f-97o.
lowest, Dec. 29, sunrise, 29.089. " lowest, Jan. 27, sunrise, + 2P.
Range,
1.603.
Range,
95.
2. Rain, Winds, and
Clouds,
Monthly Means
Months.
Force of Wind, 0—6.
Quantity of Clouds, 0-10.
l-i
i
1^
s
S
i
S
g
S
1853.
1
<
CO
a;
S
a
9
en
<
CO
B
January,
1.23
1.58
2.00
1.12
5.831 4.8
4.2
4.7 i5.5
19.2
3.876
February,
1.04
1.62
2.17
1.46
6.29
5.3
6.3
6.0 ' 5.4
23
5.700
March,
1.48
2.00
2.00
1.15
6.63
5.2
5.7
5.0 . 5.6
21.5
3.306
April, ....
May, ....
1.47
1.89
2.12
1.14
6.62
5.3
5.2
42 4.5
19.2
3.695
1.29
1.97
2.12
1.19
6.57
6.8
5.6
5.6 |5.5
22.6
6.455
June, ....
1.10
1.69
2.31
1.19
6.29
6.2
49
4.4 1 5.3
19.8
0.555
July, ....
0.94
1.62
208
1.16
5.79
4.7
4.9
6.0 4.8
19.4
3.021
August, ....
1.20
1.25
1.60
1.08
6.03
4.9
5.4
5.7 6.7
21.7
8588
September, .
1.30
1.81
1.96
1.00
6.07
5.8
62
5.4 5.7
231
5.947
October, ....
1.36
1.62
1.97
1.16
6.1C
4.1
4.3
5 4 1 3.6
17.3
3.486
November, .
1.27
1.12
1.92
1.42
5.73
6.4
6.8
6.4 6.6
24.2
4.911
December^
1.36
1.37
1.33
1.15
5.21
5.4
6.5
6.7 . 4.7
22.3
4.294
Quantity of rain during the year 53.834 inches.
1855.] MSTBOKOLOGICAL INFOBMATIOV. 77
H. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES FOR PROVIDENCE, R. I.
Summary of Meteorological Observations made at Brown University. Lot.
410 49' 22" JV., Lvng, 71o 24' 48" W. from Greenwich, Barometer re-
duced to the Sea-level, and to 32^ Fahr.^ and corrected for Capillary Action,
By Prof, A. CaswelL
1853.
Months.
Barometer. —Means of three «laily
Observations.
External Thermometer. — Means of
three daily Observations, whh
Maximum and Minimum.
1''
o
II
H
p;
PU
o
fl
1
&
66
62
67
87
95
88
90
85
68
70
46
J
8
7
10
32
38
46
68
52
35
32
16
4
1853.
January,
February,
March,
ftwy,*
June,
July,^
September,
October,
November,
December,
inch.
29.96
29.95
29.81
29 92
29.93
30.00
29.98
29.93
29.97
29.96
30.20
29.87
inch.
29.91
29.99
29-77
29.88
29.91
29 99
29.95
29 92
29.98
29.92
30.16
29.62
inch.
29.92
29.89
29.80
29.92
29.90
30.00
29 96
29 93
29.96
29.93
30.19
29.86
inch.
29 93
29.91
29.79
99.91
29.91
30.00
29.98
29.93
29 97
29.94
30.18
29.85
2?.7
26.8
323
39.7
51.7
60.8
66.4
64.9
680
43 3
38.2
24.6
33°6
354
40.5
62.0
66.7
77.6
79.3
76 8
70.6
58
49.7
34.4
27°1
29.2
35.1
41.5
52.6
623
667
660
59.4
47.0
39.8
26.8
28°4
30.6
36.0
44.4
67.0
66.9
70.8
692
62.6
49.4
42.6
286
Ann. Mean,
29.96
29.93
29.93
29.94
44.3
56.2
46.1
48.9
96
4
WiRDS, Clouds, and Rains.
Months.
1853.
Number of Days in which
the prevailing Winds came
from any Point between
N. &E.,E.&S.,S.&W.,
W. &N.
Quantity of Clouds,
from 0—10.
P
1
1
1^
1
en
1
<
to
PU
o
II
January,
February, .
March, . . .
June, .
July.' . . .
Augost . .
October, . .
November, .
December, .
2
8
2
6
3
5
1
2
1
6
8
3
9
12
14
14
17
\l
15
10
5
14
13
17
7
6
4
11
11
10
10
19
4.9
5.0
4.4
4.9
5.3
5.1
5.9
6.3
5.8
3.5
5.9
5.6
5.2
5.5
4.7
5.3
4.6
3.3
5.6
5.1
6.9
4.2
68
5.6
6.2
6.2
4.7
44
3.6
4.6
4.1
6.3
•4.3
3.5
6.1
4.7
6.1
5.2
4.6
4.9
4.4
4.3
6.2
6.2
6.0
3.7
5.9
5.3
9
10
10
13
8
9
10
12
6
7
6
8
4.27
6.76
1.35
6.05
4.96
0.90
637
8.38
3.80
4.15
440
3.90
4.44
Annual Mean,
6.7
2.9
35
12.1
10.3
5.1
4.9
4.6
4.9
9
Total for the Year,
68
135
124
108
53.27
The greatest helj;ht of the barometer (reduced as above) was 30.69 inches, on
January 6th; on November 11th it rose to 30.67. The least, 28.84, on the 23d of January.
Extreme range for the year, 1.85 inches.
The maximum temperature was 95o on the 21st of June. The minimum 4^ on the 29th
of December.
The greatest fall of rain at any one time occurred on the 4th, 5th, and 6th of August.
Quantity. 3.04 inches. The total quantity for the year was 63.27, which is about thirteen
and a half inches above the mean annual amount. The average for a period of twenty-
three years is 39.71 inches. An extraordinary fall of snow occurred on the 29th of Decern-
ber, being from 16 to 18 inches on the level, accompanied with high wind and intense cold.
* Three days were not observed.
7*
78 METEOROLO0IOAL IKFOBMATIOK. [1855.
III. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES FOR LAMBERTVILLE, N. J.
Lot. 40° 22' 45" JV., Long. 74° 55' 30" W, Barometer 96 feet abate
Mid-tide. By L. H. Parsons.
1. Summary for
THl
Year ending June 30, 1854.
ThemMOJeter,
Bammeler.
Mean. 1 . .
Mean.
\ ^
^
^
^
1
1
E
1
ja
Mnathff,
!g
^
^1 ^
€
^
fi^r.
K
g
^
^
B
•s
1
<
Sll
l!l
1
1
1
1
^
L80a,
o
O 1 G
1 D
c-
hith.
Inch.
inth.
iiitti.
Wl.
inch.
in.
Jiity,
70.9S
HbM
59,(52^%
glfe
13
ak
^Jii,u4i.
JO.tM^
*i,ojy
:*i.^:
^J
'Ji).7&i
16
.49
i^epleniljer,
S-J.7I
^\M
6ii.ay96|Jl
Jj3
30
4:^f
^^.97 J
ay.9»-
mmi
30,19
S4fi
a9,eifi
ts
,53
SI. 16 7.^.53
iitJ^m
s
37
3U
59
moor,
^xm
mxmw>^
12
aa.si
IS
.7d;
October,
l'i,3-'j^.42
m,i^77
31
2S
31
4fl
liow;
*rio3&
^ffi,0fl3.;30.39
;*>
29.52 24
.tt7
?foT«mt«r.
ly.iS
7yXm
13.1071
aj
1^1
-iJi
m\
;ifXi74
JQ.JG7
31J.IW,30.5N
'Jf3
mss^ia
1.0B
Daceinber.
la'ii.
Jantiary,
^.6i
J9.3I
1
11
l"i
20
44*
:ia90i.f
-39,910
^9.323^^0.31^
21
^^.1^18
LH
^J.9?-
17.37
23.31 .66^
12
M
3
641
30.0-19
mo65
3O.Oe4l3O.S6
45
20.41U
1.1s
Febniary,
ij.-j?
m, iti
:jUfiSG6|' a
W
5
5f5+
aa.wi
30,fiB:2
mfl.=W5
;«fif
28
29. S6
{>
1,00
MarcL,
MA^ V7,l^
37.72:7? ,10
m
23
57'
29.923
29.938
23 965
30.33
t%
29,25
17
l.Ob
'^t
la.sti
<^;m
xh.ti'M m
25
3
m
29.93*2
aSSN2
^9.364
:w.6i
3
29.46
10
LIS
'^^.i£^
rj.ai
.j9.26:*g
2S 35
7
GO
aa.Mi
■as.g-iB
2B.<M2
30.Sf
23
29.66
3
.T3
XIUH,
!J?.46
S4iX,»
fi3je|!J3
'i!7 «^
I
45
m937
maai
as>.3a9
30.16
I
^29. 67
S
.38
Te*r,
\%m
ei.TU
13 95]9a
37* ]|
_»f
^e^
29.999
29.999
30.019
mss
iSil^aa&lisi
U40
" June.
t January.
S November.
§ December.
2. Weather for Year ending June 30, 1854.
Months.
1853-54.
«
♦
c
1^
P
Months.
1854.
♦
July, 1863,
August,
September, *
October,
November,
December,
January, '54,
3
3
4
8
4
4
4
1
1
1
7
4
13
8
6
6
4
6
8
6.595
3.300
3.237
4.320
2170
1.72S
1.890
February,
March,
June,
3
2
4
3
5
3
7
3
2
9
9
13
12
7
6.375
1.320
6.547
4.406
4.960
Year,
42
44
101
46.840
The Peach blossomed on the 24th of April; the Cherry on the 24th; and the Apple
on the 1st of May.
* Perfectly clear, not a cloud being seen, -
during the whole day.
-or entirely cloudy, no clear sky being seen, •^
1855.3 MBTEOROLOGICAL. INFOBMATION. 79
IV. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES FOR SAVANNAH, Ga.
For the Year ending May, 1854. By Dr, John F, Posey,
1. Barometer.
Barometer cistern with constant level, No. 465, by J. Oreen. Scale, English inchee, cof
rected for temperature reduced to the freezing point. 42 feet above half-tide in tbe river.
Highest.
Lowest.
Monthly Mean
for each Hour.
^ .
1
H
^
^
^
^
^ S
^
1
^
^
^
s
&
<
eu
PW
S
1
< tu
A^
<
A4*
Pk
*>•
ot
a>
tv ' o»
a»
t*
«
o»
186a
inch.
inch.
inch.
inch.
inch, inch
inch.
inch.
inch.
inch,
inch.
inch.
June,
3
30.22
30.20
:».2I
30.210
18
30 00 29.91
29.99
29.967
30 12
30.06
30.09
30 095
July,
29
30.19
30.17
30.20
30187
16
29.97 29.88
29.94 29.930
30.08
30 00
30 06
30 059
August,
27
30.15
30.10
30.11
30.120
19
29.79 29.74
29.81 29 780
30.03
29.99
30.02
30.013
Se^.
26
3019
30.16
30.19
30.180
14
29.97 29.87
29.89 29 910
30.04
30.00
30.04
30.024
October,
11
30.13
30.20
:J0.2030.197
20
29.62 29.53
29.62,29 590
30 02
30.00
mo4
30.026
Nov.
7
30.32
30.36
m43 30.370
13
29.88 29.83
29.91 29 873
30 20
3015
30.19
30179
Dec.
1854.
January.
21
30.46
liO.-M
30.3330.377
17
29.68,29.46
29.53 29.557
30.04
29.98
30.03
30.016
24
30.61
30.51
30.51 30.543
12
29 60 29.73
29.87 29.733
30.21
30.17
30.20
30191
Feb.
17
30.40
30.38
30.46,30.413
20
29.65 29.62
29.64,29 635
30.15
30.12
30.15
30 128
March,
19 30.43
30.36
:».30 30.395
17
29.81 29.71
29.68129.731
3011
30.06
30 06
30 087
ADril,
May,
3 30.58
30.53
30.5530.552
16 29.57 29.52
29.71,29.597
30 05
30.00
30.04
30 028
130.22
30.17
30.17
30.187
7
29.78|29.77
29.84|29 797
30.01
29.97
29.99
29.989
AnM'n.
30.33
30.29
30.31
30.311
29.77 29 71
29.79129 758
30 088
30.043
30.076
30.069
Barometer was highest, January 24th, 1854, 30.61 inches.
" " lowest, December 17th, 1853 29.46 "
Difference, 1.15 "
2. Thermometer.
Made by J. Green, New York ; housed as directed by the Smithsonian Institution.
Highest.
Lowest.
Monthly Mean
for each Hour.
h
aa
1
it
B
^
s
^
d
^
^
^
i
^
^
^
i
B
C4
1
&
I-
<N
<
at
'It
(3
1853.
June
23
7§.8
9§9
88.7
82.8
,
68.0
7§1
733
73 5
7^0
86.5
76.6
7§.0
0.787
5
July
11
78.8
98.1
79 5
85.1
22
71.4
78.1
75.9
75 1
77.0
88.8
786
81.5
6.464
12
Aug.
6
79.0
94.2
80 3
84.5
29
69 7
82.4
74.0
75 4
75.4
85 3
77.3
79 3
8.168
18
Sept.
7
75.1
91.2
79.5
81.9
30
57.0
76.6
65.4
66.3
70.9
82.7
73.9
75.8
9.427
9
Oct.
1
638
816
71.5
72 1
25
39 4
57.2
48.0
48 2
589
716
62.9
64.3
2.888
11
Nov.
18
586
76.4
61.9
65.3
26
414
62.1
52.3
51.9
54.7
67 7
.->6.4
604
3.096
7
Dec.
1854.
Jan.
7
52.6
71.0
59 5
61.0
20
30.6
42.0
33.4
35.3
42.7
55.7
47.3
48.4
6.882
11
18
62.4
76.8
704
69.9
9
31.7
46.9
38.8
391
47 2
58.7
52.0
52.6
2.529
7
Feb.
26
66.1
74.1
670
69.0
4
320
50.9
40
41.0
48.2
62.6
53.7
.54.8
2.530
R
March
16
656
86.4
76.1
76
27
39.0
58.2
491
48.8
54 4
73.4
634
64.R
2.030
4
April
May
23
65.0
89.9
71.5
75.5
a
37.9
56.1
47.7
46.9
57.1
72.6
61.5
63.8
1985
6
27
72.7
89.7
77.5
80.0
1
51.0
70.3
57.9
59.7
68.9
81.2
71.2
73.7
6.513
12
Mean,
68.3
85.2^
73.0
75.4
47.4
63.2
54.6
55.1
60.8
73.9
64.6
66.5
63.302
100
Thermometer vraa highest, July 11th, 1853, 98.1
" " lowest, December 20th, 1853, 30.5
DifliMrance, 67.6
80 METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION. [1855.
V. METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL, MUSCATINE, Iowa.
For the Year 1853. By T. S. Parvin.
Lot. 41° 25' JV., Lang 92P 2' fF. — Proximate, ^
Barometer 72.21 ft. above low water in (and 586.21 ft. above the mouth of) the Misstssippi
River.
Months.
Barometer.
0^
Thermometer, detached.
Clearnesafr.OtolO.
i
c
<
1
c
<
S
PU
s
eC
u
1
2
a
s
S
'5
1
c
<
PU
^
fu
m
o»
CO
o»
cc
O)
CO
Oi
S
^
. C5
CO
Oi
1853.
inch.
inch.
inch.
inch.
o
2§.2
o
2?.0
o
o
o
January,
29.61
29.64
29.63
29.64
21.2
34.6
27.05
54
- I
5.5
6.4
7.6
6.9
Feb'ry,
.50
.45
.43
.42
16.6
24.0
30.1
227
23.36
55
11
4.6
5.8
5.8
5.8
March,
.60
.60
.46
.49
26.5
30.7
43.3
323
33.24
66
5
5.4
5.7
6.0
7.0
^/;^
.61
.61
.49
.60
40.0
50.0
56.0
45 2
47.81
71
27
4.4
5.4
5.1
5.0
.69
.66
.'62
.67
48.9
68.4
61.3
53 8
55.65
81
34
5.4
5.9
5.7
5.8
June,
.68
.61
.68
.57
61.7
75.2
83.6
65.3
71.22
91
49
7.0
67
7.1
6.9
July,
.68
.68
.69
.65
69.2
72.1
78 3
64.8
68 82
87
46
7.6
6.9
6.4
7.4
August,
.41
.61
.69
.53
62.9
74.4
90.8
660
71 .OS
92
41
7.3
6.8
7.2
7.3
Sept'ber,
.62
.61
.68
.58
64.1
64.4
70.(^
60.2
62.21
89
37
6.0
6.0
6.7
7.2
October,
.66
.66
.63
.63
35.3
44.4
58.3
49.8
45.46
75
10
6.6
7.2
7.2
7.2
Nov'ber,
.65
.99
.99
.64
36.6
39.3
45.0
37.9
39.73
60
16
2.9
4.5
4.8
6.9
Dec'ber,
.68
.57
.57
.67
22.3
24.7
33.8
256
26.67
48
1
4.6
4.6
5.0
6.8
An.M'n,
29.57
29.53
29.59
29.56
40.4
48.6
56.2
45.8
47.78
71
21
5.1
5.9
6.2
6.6
Winds, Clouds, Rains, etc.
WltvAm, Fofcfl and
Pirscttaii.
CUmdii, Velocity aiid Courss.
Weather
tdaya).
Rail),
Slow.
Mflfiths.
1853.
1
fh
A K
i4
^
ti
^
»
1
^
^
m
i
i:-'
1
a
it!
JaiiMafy,
(.B
1.7'fi.O
L8 7
6
10
11? 1-5
L4
1.2 1,3 3
9
S
M
2
18
2; .3
2
1.0
F'>b'ry,
Marth,
1.7
2.01-^.0
iJ>
2
4
13 8! 8,0
8.1
a,s' ra, i
rti
a
6
e
is' 21 .7
3
20
i.e
L8\'U
aj>
4
H
16 3i 2.S
2%
2.1 ■ 1.7
I s
B
14
6
11 : ^i .7
I
3,0
^!^
1.^
LU
2 A
2J]
n
5
9; 4] i.e
1.9
2,0 LS 4
s
y
tf
9
12
tOill.8
L5
l.H
■iO
1.4
s
S
12 6 L4
1.6
2:0 i.a ; s
4)11
fi
10
5
16
iLt 4.&
J.mo,
1.4
t.7
J.0
1.4
a
IS
nil i,8
L6
1.9 ! 1.6
1
^
&
10
12
2
16
» a4
J^iy.
J. 4
1.5
l.fi
lA
G
8
& ? 1.6
1,4
1,8 ', h&
^5
s
11
11
a
17
n B.G
Au^uwl. L4
US
1.7
1.2
:^
9
S J 3.' 1.4
i.e
1.5 2.E1
6
I
a
5,lfi
16
5j 1.7
Sapt'berjl.S LR
1.0
J.fi
7
ICl
^
a; L8! i.a
il
L4
£
2,
9
h!i3
6
II
7 1*
October, '1.4 Lfi
1.5
1.4
r^
U)
11
7; ijj; L5
4L0
l,a
}
5j
a
3,14
4
n
i .2
?f<>Vl«r,fhf>
1.7
1-8
L6
Q
A
%
S, 8ft 1.8
LT
3.0 1 1
jS
3
111 fi
fl
16
B LI
3
J?,0
Diit^bar, 1.5
l.-I
L6
lA
4
4
\3
10 l,fi , IM
1,7
a.a! 1
5
10
11
T
13
a 3.2
An.ai'n, LBh.C
L3!l,i 5
7
10
9 1.7 IJ
1.9
1,61 8
I
8
9
11
6ll4
b's.!}
2 34
Ldweit Lempfsraiune, February 8LI1. ^IP ; HiiihesL, Auirti^t lllh, D^. HaneEC, 1^9°,
LowQsi iMiicht (if hAnnnt^ler. Febnutry 25 jh. !i?.36 loirhfls ? iliermometer au^faftd. 3.^ ;
rrente-'ji., Ni»vember 84il^ ^.00 Liichea]. ihurinoineier aUacbad^ 4*tP. Bvagt, 164 Inches
BTenn, 29 377 inches
BIl^l^l P|jS clDsad, Detccnher L^ih ; opflned, February 25^1. Ckww] CO days. Last ytsar^ 70.
PftMi. laai tn th*; apririK- May 251 h; firsUii thn fall, StiptanilNir IfHh.
ipjii* Pa;i[jfi in flowtf, Miiy 3d ; Chorty, May lat f J^p[jl&^ May 8th; Plsitii^ JVfay 3d; and
fllw* Pwur, MiijF 6ih,
J Tu'jil q»i,uirily of mm In Inrb&t, 43.3: IS 4 l&s^a than in 1*^3. April rWtr Ycty Iciff itolil
Ittirt (oat "f V hits niont^. Heavy rains wx la on the ^lh^ and from !^ ^ la ^ 4> iftches Fell on
ilrtf acci**Ms in lii hauw, and il.8 dimfjg vtif* mDiith. August, camct vidible durinir th&
jMt^oelG <>'^ lbl4 nujnib, R^pttjmlwr Mrti, liet^L'^n '^ ikrirt 4 A W, 3 5 inrlie* of water' fell.
fiJfttftbiiP, m* fn Lbe 2tl. Nt)vnmt»ur. low water. Fr^iltjf of all kindd la abundancft this yutr,
I ttB »biind«aL hirvesk Miiru eicknosj, but to^ ratalily, this aurnniH- tbim aaul.
1855.J MXTSOBOLOGICAL INFORMATION. 81
VI. METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR WORCESTER, Mass.
Lot. 42° W 17" JV. ; Long. 7V> 48' 13" W. ; devotion 536 feet. Hours of
Observation^ 6 ^, M., 2 and 30 P. M,
i
.
^
1
^
S
1852-53.
s
P
inch.
^
S
§
JS
i
g
inch.
inch.
^
inch.
1
inch.
1
inch.
29.52
1
inch.
-3
1
inch.
inch.
1
inch.
inch. inch.
^7
29.47
29.39
29.42
29.33
23.3J^
20.41
29.47
29 47129.47
29.44129.63
Mean at ^2.
29.50
29.36
29.3y
29.25
29 33
29.39
29.49
29.44
29.43-29.44 29.41 29.64
9
29.4i
29.42
29.36
29.33
29.31
29.42
29.49
29.46 29.47,29.60;29.46,29.62
TTtermometer.
o
o
o
o
o
o o
o o
o
{"^
30.5
21.7
25.0
31.4
42.7
52.9
63.8
67.3
&1.7 57.6
43.3 36.0
-4)5
Mean at ^2
39.5
31.2
29.3
40.9
51.6
67.5
75.7
84.7
71.0
63.5
57.5 \4BJ2
92.5
(9
33.0
25.7
27.7
33.0
42.6
54.3
63.3
70.5
66.9
59.2
45.9 |38.4
72 30
60 04
54.67
48.29
52 03
63 96
60.26
65.8376.83
77.43
66.25 65.76
Mean at ^2
66.40
64.70
68.50
50.3
49.36
49.19
47.46
47.6l!6l.70 62.36
53.96 51.66
^9
69.36
64.00
56.21
49.96
59.83
69.67
63.33
63.38 78.22 80.63
65.64
55.80
Cloudiness.
Mean at 2
(9
56
51
5 6
4.5
3.7
37
3.8
3.7 4.1
6.1
3.2
6.9
6.8
4.8
49
.3.9
4.7
3.7
3.9
3.3 i 4.7
4.8
4.5
5.3
^
6.2
4.6
4.4
3.3
3.9
4.4
30
5.1 , 4.1
3.6
2.6
5.4
E
Inches of rain,
4.78
1.7i
6.98
060
4.92
5 45
1.01
3.2910.71
5.26
6.20
5.30
54.22
" snow-water,
l.3i
l.U
3.0(*
5,43
" snow,
4.00
lO.OC
ii.a
8.0G
33.00
19
22
18
23
16
20
14
13
12
17
18
16
208
&
9
7
8
7
11
8
13
15 , 16
12
11
12
129
E.
6
7
6
5
4
6
7
4 1 11
5
3
8
72
W. "
24
23
21
26
24
23
23
27 19
24
28
22
284
VII. AMOUNT OF RAIN AND SNOW REGISTERED AT THE
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL, WORCESTER, MASS., FOR
TWELVE YEARS.
Year.
December.
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
I.a
H
^1
Is
I.E
l|
ia
1^
2 6
^E
N
MS
=1
Jl
M&
II
13
Mi
M&
II
MS
1841-42
4.77
6.0
1.35
5.0
4.13
3.0
2.24
4.0
2.82
3.24
1842-43
5.30
26.0
5.05
2.0
4.45
30.0
5.23
26.0
3.13
10.0
1.73
1S43-44
2.28
23.0
3.14
13.5
1.44
12.0
3.80
18.5
0.36
3.67
1844-45
2.66
8.0
4.17
12.0
2.61
20.0
3.29
10.0
1,61
3.23
1845-46
5.39
13.0
2.92
13.0
2.50
30.0
3.33
1.34
6.85
1846-47
2.87
9.0-
4.66
5.0
4.08
17.0
3.89
9.0
1.67
1.63
1847-48
4.93
10.6
3.08
4.5
1.61
25.0
3.89
6.0
1.52
5.0
6.82
1848-49
393
25.0
0.98
2.0
1.30
14.5
6.30
3.0
1.95
3.56
1749-60
3.12
8.5
4.79
15.0
323
2.0
3.67
20.0
5.53
13.0
7.50
1850-51
4.19
23.5
2.07
2.5
4.01
1.5
1.40
18.0
6.76
4.73
1851-52
2.30
5.5
5.44
15.5
2.46
11.5
3.42
13.5
10.77
23.0
3.15
1852-53
4.78
4.0
3.02
10.0
8.09
11.0
3.60
3.67
8.0
4.92
5.45
Means.
3.86
12.9
.3.33
8.3
3.32
14.7
11.2
3.53
4.2
4.14
HBTEOSOIiOOICAI. INFOBMATION.
VII. CONTINUKD.
[1865.
Year.
June.
July.
August.
Sept.
October.
November.
Total.
-1
I.S
Ms
H
Is
^t
"li
^S
Ie
H
a&
Mi
MS
£<S
M&
Jl
l«
II
l<s
Mi
1841-42
4.93
1.96
7.12
3.60
0.83
3.36
40.25
lao
1842-43
4.15
3.39
9.19
1.26
5.19
3.63
51.69
94.0
1843-44
1.92
8.50
3.39
3.68
7.34
3.06
5.0
37.57
72.0
1844-49
3.14
2.91
2.36
2.67
4.44
6.77
4.0
39.66
54.0
1846-46
2.37
3.61
2.44
0.90
2.19
4.08
6.0
37.12
61.0
1846-47
6.29
4.86
4.20
7.17
2.87
3.75
46.94
39.0
1847-4S
1.31
3.13
3.19
2.36
6.76
1.94
8.0
39.53
59.0
1848-49
1.25
1.60
4.28
2.49
6.45
4.11
38.20
44.5
1849-60
3.36
3.75
6.05
7.92
3.37
2.14
0.6
64.42
59.0
1860-61
3.16
2.17
1.97
2.50
7.04
4
6.68
6.6
45.68
65.0
1861-62
3.63
3.42
11.38
3.36
3.89
5.88
4.0
69.00
73.0
1862-63
1.01
3.29
10.71
6.26
6.20
6.30
59.69
33.0
Means.
2.96
3.14
6.52
3.69
4.63
3
4.14
2.6
45.80
55.0
VIII. METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR SACRAMENTO, Cal.
For the Year ending March 31, 1854. Lot. 38o 34' 42'' JV*., Long. 120^ W.
EUoati4m ahavB the Level of the Sea 39 feet. By Thos, M. Logan, M. D.
M
1
^
inch
1853-64.
i
inch
i
inch.
t
inch.
5
inch.
(%
i
inch.
2
inch
1
inch.
inch.
Inch-
Barometer.
inch.
inch.
inch.
Maximum,
30.3G
30.28
30.20
30.20
ao.o6
30.10
30.4Q
30.46
30.46
30.45
30.40
30.40
30.45
Minimum,
29.86
29.88
28.88
29.96
29.85
29.9C
29.9G
29.30
29.70,
29.70
29.11
29.70
29.86
28.88
Mean,
30.13
30.09
29.79
30.06
30.30
29.85
30.16
30.05
30.13
30.17
29.05
29.97
Thermometer,
Maximum,
7^
7^8
9^
&
&
9%
8^8
7%
&
S
6^
S
9^7
Minimum,
60
54
68
62
68
64
58
46
32
19
38
37
19
Clear,
Cloudy,
61
68
77
76
71
76
73
63
48
43
51
63
62
16
19
27
26
22
28
26
13
21
19
10
13
239
7
6
2
2
8
1
4
10
6
6
5
9
66
r%/
7
6
1
4
1
1
6
4
7
13
9
69
3
2
3
1
2
4
3
4
22
N.W. "
8
7
13
4
1
9
23
13
16
16
10
B
128
W.
1
1
1
1
1
2
7
S.W. "
7
10
7
2
3
5
3
4
2
I
1
6
60
S.
3
4
4
1
2
4
1
6
1
3
1
8
37
&E. "
7
7
3
24
26
9
2
6
2
6
6
1
96
E.
1
1
1
3
■ 2
4
1
U
N.K «
2
4
1
4
2
13
RsM AKKS. Bj clear dajs is meant that no clouds were visible at the times of observa-
tion ; bj cloudj, that some were visible ; and by rainy days, that some rain fell then without
reference to quantity. I'he greatest amount that fell at any one period was on the 22d of
February. The last rain of the past season occurred on the 20th of May, 1863. There was
a slight sprinkle afterwards on the 26th of June^ and on the 17th and 21st of July. The first
rains of the present season occurred on the 15th of September and the 10th of October. The
regular rainy season, however, did not set in until the 14th of November. About the middle
of January tlie sea^coast range of mountains presented the novel appearance of being covered
with snow. The degree of cold during this month was unprecedented. Sutter Lake was
fcoxen over on the 6th and on the 2ist of January, and remained so all day on the 22d.
1855.] HKTBOBOLOOICAI^ IKI-ORMATIOM. 88
DL METEOROLOGICAL TABLES FOR KNOX HILL, Fa.
LkL 30^ acy JV., £.01^. I8G0 W. us feet above the Sea. Barometer corrected
for 320 Fakr. By J. Newton.
Mean of three daily
Mean of three dally
ISmaSm.
Observationa.
Months.
Obaervailona.
1^3.
1353.
Barom.
Thcr.
Rain.
Oarom.
Ther.
Raio.
inch.
inch.
Inch.
Inch.
May, . . .
29.&48
746
1.8489
December, .
29.922
61.0
4999S
Jiiii . .
29.903
78.6
3.4545
January, 1S54,
30.140
64.4
2.6302
^uly; . . .
29.910
79.8
7.5198
February, .
29.967
66.6
6.2393
(Ansust, .
29.860
79.9
6.1003
March, .
29.914
64.6
3.1367
September .
29.855
76.8
6.1396
April, .
29.966
60.8
1.7696
October, . .
29.900
67.0
2.6193
November, .
29.955
62.9
0.9774
46.2360
The
The
coldest day, mean 35.60, December^,
warmest day, mean 84.6°, Jaly 17.
X. RAIN AT POWHATAN HILL, KING GEORGE CO., Va.
Inches.
Inches.
Inches.
Inchea.
1853, July 6.280
Oct. 2.945
1354, Jan. 2.680
April 3.2C5
Aug. 3.335
Nov. 0.920
Feb. 4,256
May 2.256
Sept. 2.345
Dec. 1.160
Mar. 1.665
June 3.790
10.960^
5.025
8.600
9.310
•
10.960
January 1
8.600
July to December 15.985
to July 17.810
January to July 12.816
Total rain in
1863 28.800
1st quarter.
. 2tL
3d.
4th.
TotaL
1850 6.720
a93a
15.11
7.190
37.95 Inchaa.
1851 7.960
8.250
6.17
4.550
26.93 "
1852 5.065
10.656
11.63
10.470
37.72 "
1853 5.635
7.180
10.96
6.025
28.80 "
1854 8.500
9.310
Rains of half an inch and over in 1853 and to July I, 1854.
1853, Jan. 12, 0.636; Feb. 6, .875; March 1, .825; 17, .686; April 3, 4, .965; 16, 17, .876;
24,25, .595; May 21, 26, 1.60; July 6, .875; 10, .60; 11, 12, .61; 20,21,1.386; 26,1.30;
Augusts, 1.26; 17, .665; 18, 1.12; Sept. 9, 10, 1.675; Oct. 24, 1.376; Nov. 9, .60.
1854, Jan. 11, 12, 0.766; Feb. 8, 1.045; 15, 16, .695; 20, 21, .92; 26, 1.66; March 22, .82;
April, 14, 16, 16, 2.316; 28, 29, .695; May 22, .65; June 7, .60; 19, 1.47.
In 1863, thermometer highest July 1, 9SP; Dec. 24, 18P. First frost Oct. 4. 8now, Oct.
24 and Dec. 29, 1 inch ; Dec. 30, 2 inches. Ice, Nov. 26, } of an inch thick.
In 1864, theimometer highest June 28, 91^; Jan. 9, 18°; 24, 160; March 29, 23P; April
16, 32P ; 17, 290 ; 29, 370. Snow, Jan. 1, 4^ inches deep ; Feb. 20, 4 to 6 In. ; March 22, 28,
and 30, and April 17, 1 in. Ice, Jan. 4, 3 inches thick ; 6, 4^ to 6 in. ; 24, 2 in. ; 25, 3 in. ;
Much 19, ^ io. ; 24, i in. ; April 3, ^ in. ; 19, crust. Latest frost, May 1.
84 M£T£OBOL06ICAL INFORMATION. [1865.
XL RAIN AT CHURCH HILL, JEFFERSON CO., Miss.
During the Years 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, and to July 1, 1854. By Dr, F. B.
Coleman,
Mouths.
1830.
1851.
1852.
1853.
1854.
January,
February, .
March, .
^^.- . ■.-.
June, .
July, .
Auj^st,
September,
October,
November, .
December, .
inches.
7.37
4.95
2.41
6.87
5.49
8.09
3.55
3.78
0.70
0.20
2.47
11.52
inched.
2.35
9.85
2.83
1.61
0.96
1.03
1.91
5.16
0.46
3.27
8.09
6.64
inches.
1.57
4.57
3.03
339
1.31
0.24
3.38
0.89
2.27
1.89
5.10
8.81
inches.
0.75
7.92
5.23
2.08
4.75
1.97
7.92
9.13
1.37
4.19
2.68
4.83
inches.
2.68
3.23
6.17
2.46
7.66
4.25
Total, .
57.40
44.16
37.00
52.72
XII. FLOWERING OF FRUIT-TREES IN 1854.
Places.
Plum.
Pear.
Peach.
Cherry.
Apple.
Cambridge, Mass.,
April 30
May 10
April 30
May 3
May 6
May 10
Woodstocic, Vt.,
May 15
May 22
New Haven, Ct.,
April 25
May 6
Lambenville, N. J.,
April 24
April 24
May 1
Perth Amboy, N. J.,
April 30
April 26
April W
May 3
King George Co.,Va.,*
April 8
March 17-22
April 5
April 15
March 1
Savannah, Ga.,t
Feb. 16
Feb. 15
Muscatine, Iowa,
May 3
May 6
May 3
May 1
Mays
. * The fruit was generally killed by the excessively cold weather in April after a very mild
March. Snow and ice April 15 ; frost May 1.
t Frost early in April icilled the early firuit.
AMERICAN ALMANAC,
FOB
1855.
PART II.
UNITED STATES.
PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES FROM THE
ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION.
Term Began.
Term Ended.
1.
George Washington,
Virginia,
April 30, 1789,
March 3, 1797.
2.
John Adama,
Massachusetts,
March 4, 1797,
March 3, 1801.
3.
Virginia,
March 4, 1801,
March 3, 1809.
4.
James Madison,
Virginia,
March 4, 1800,
March 3, 1817.
5.
James Monroe,
Virginia,
March 4, 1817,
March 3, 1825.
6.
John Quinc7 Adams,
Massachusetts,
March 4, 1825,
March 3, 1829.
7.
Andrew Jackson,
Tennessee,
March 4, 1829,
March 3, 1837.
8
Martin Van Buren,
New York,
March 4, 1837,
March 3, 1841.
9.
William Hemy Harrisonj^t
Ohio,
March 4, 1841,
April 4,1841.
10.
John Tyler,
Virginia,
April 4,1841,
March 3, 1845.
11.
James Knox Polk,
Tennessee,
March4, iai5,
March 3, 1849.
12.
Zachary Taylor,*
Louisiana,
March 4, 1849,
July 9, 1850.
13.
Millard Fillmore,
New York,
July 9, 1850,
March 3, 1863.
14.
Franklin Pierce,
New Hampshire, March 4, 1863.
II. EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENT.
The 17th Presidential tenn of four years, since the establishment of the
government of the United States under the Constitution, began on the 4th
of March, 1853; and it will expire on the 3d of March, 1857.
Salary
$25,000
8,000
FRANKLIN PIERCE, of New Hampshire, President,
Vacancy,! Vice-President,
The Cabinet.
The following are the principal officers in the executive departmefiU of the
government, who ferm the Cabinet, and who hold their offices at the will
of the President.
New York, Secretary of State, $ 8,000
Kentucky, Secretary of the Treasury, 8,000
Mississippi, Secretary of War, 8,000
North Carolina, Secretary of the J^avy, 8,000
Robert McClbllakd, Michigan, Secretary of the Interior, 8,000
Jambs Campbeli., Pennsylvania, Postmaster- General, 8,000
Caleb Coshino, Massachusetts, Attorney- General, 8,000
* Died in office.
t Hon. William R. King, of Alabama, the VlcePreeident of the United States, died on the
I8th of April, 1863.
William L. Marct,
James Guthrie, *
Jefferson Davis,
James C. Dobbir,
88
UNITED STATES.
[1855.
Department of State.
William L. Marcy, Secretary.
A. Dudley Mann, Assistant Secretary, salary, ^3,000.
Salary.
William Hunter, Chief Clerk, $ 2,000
Abel French, Claims Clerk, 2,000
Francis Markoe, Princ'l Clerk, 2,000
Robert S. Chew,
do.
2,000
Alex. H. Derrick,
Clerk,
1,600
H. D. Johnson,
do.
1,600
James S. Mac Kie,
do.
1,500
John P. Polk,
do.
1,400
George J. Abbot,
do.
1,400
Robert S. Chilton,
do.
1,400
William C. Reddall,
do.
1,400
George Chipman,
George Hill,
do.
1,400
do.
1,400
Salary.
Clerk,
$1,400
do.
1,400
do.
1,200
do.
1,200
do.
1,000
do.
900
do.
800
Augustus C. Gillet,
Wm. E. Stubbs,
Charles V. Gordon,
C. G. Baylor,
Henry D J. Pratt,
George Bartle,
Wm. J. Bromwell,
Edward Stubbs, Disburs. Agent, 1,450
Louis Fitzgerald Tasi8tro,7ra7ts-
lator, 1,600
Edmund Flagg, Superintendent
of Statistics, 2,000
Treasury Department.
James Guthrie, Secretary.
Peter G. Washington, Assistant Secretary, salary, $ 3,000.
Gilbert Rodman, Chief Clerk
of the Treasury Department, $2,200
Comptrollers.
Elisha Whittlesey, 1st Comp., 3,500
James M. Ramsey, Chief Clerk, 2,000
John R. Brodhead, 2d Comp., 3,000
Tobias Purringlon, Chief Clerk, 2,000
Auditors.
Thos. L. Smith, Ast Auditor, "3,000
David W.Mahon,CAw/acrA:, 2,000
Philip Clayton, 2d Auditor, 3,000
William Mechlen, Chief Clerk, 2,000
Robt. J. Atkinson, 3^ Auditor, Z,000
Samuel S. Rind, Chief Clerk, 2,000
Aaron i^.'D^.yXovl,Ath Auditor, 3,000
A , J. O Biinnon, Chief Clerk, 2,000
S u^ |j 1 1 , 1 M e asanton , hth Auditor, 3,000
mwm Muslin, Chief Clerk, 2,000
llHTm. r. Phillips, Auditor of
Trtamtryfor P. 0. Depart., 3,000
OS. J. Johnston, Chief Clerk, 2,000
Commissioner of Customs.
Hugh J. Anderson, 3,000
^ommYex^n, Chief Clerk, 2,000
6eo. F. Emery, T
G. W.Pomeroy, [Jippraisers
H. C. Loughlin, [ «< ^^8^'
Wm. P. Pouder,
S. J. "QriAgQ, Appraiser- General
for tlie Pacific Coast, $ 6,000
Treasurer's Office.
Samuel Casey, Treasurer, 3,000
W. B. Randolph, Chief Clerk, 2,000
Assistant Treasurers.
I. W. Beard, Boston, 2,500
John J. Cisco, Jfew York, 4,000
Daniel Sturgeon, Philadelphia, 2,500
B. C. Pressly, CJiarleston, 2,500
John M. Bell, JVeio Orleans, 2,500
Isaac H. Sturgeon, St. Louis, 2,500
Jacob R. Snyder, §aiifomia.
Register's Office.
Finley Bigger, Register, 3,000
Charles T. Jones, Chief Clerk, 2,000
Solicitor's Office.
Ferris B. Streeter, Solicitor, 3,500
B. F. Pleasants, Chief Clerk, 2,000
Coast Survey.
Alex. D. Bache, Superintendent, 6,000
1855.]
EXECUTIVE GOVEKNMENT.
89
War t)KPARTMENT.
Jeffenon Davis, Secretary.
Salary.
Arch. Campbell, Chief CUrk^ $2,300
Mjtttant'GeneraVs OgUe.
Samael Cooper, CoL, Adjutant-
General.
W. G. Freeman, Major^ Assist.
Adj. 'Gen.
J. F. Brown, Chief CUrk^ 1,800
Qitartermaster- General* s Bureau,
T. S. Jesup, Brev. Maj.-Gen.^
Qttartermaster- General.
Charles Thomas, Brev. Ltj-CoL^
(Quartermaster.
Wm. A. Gordon, Chief Clerk^ 1,800
Pay Bureau.
B. F. Larned, Col., Paymaster-
General.
W. D. Beal, Chief Clerk, 1,800
Subsistence Bureau.
Geo. Gibson, Brev. Maj.-Gen.,
Com.-Gen. of Subsistence.
A. E. Shiras, Capt. 4th Art., As-
sist. Com. Subsistence.
Richard Gott, Chitf Clerk, $ 1,800
Salaiy.
Medical Bureau.
Thomas Lawson, Brev, Brig."
Gen., Surg.- Gen.
H. L. Heiskell, Surg. ^ Assist.
Surg. -Gen.
R. Johnson, Chief Clerk, $1,800
Engineer Bureau.
J. G. Tolten, Brev. Brig.- Gen.,
Chief Engineer.
J. D. Kurtz, Lieut. ^ Assist.
Chief Engineer.
F. N. Barbarin, Chief Clerk, 1,800
Topographical Bureau.
John J. Abert, Col, Chief Top.
Engineer.
T. J. Lee, Capt., Assist. Chirf
Top. Engineer.
Geo. Thompson, Chief Clerk, 1,800
Ordnajue Bureau.
Henry K. Craig, Col., Chief of
Ordnance.
W. Maynadier, Capt. ^ Assist.
Geo. Bender, Chief Clerk, 1,800
Natt Department.
James C. Dobbin, Secretary.
Charles W. Welsh, Chief Clerk, 2,200
Joseph Smith, Chief of the Bureau of Docks and J^avy-Yards, 3,500
Charles Morris, do. do. Ordnance and Hydrography, 3,500
John Lenthall, do. do. Construct., Equip., ^Repairs, 3,000
William Sinclair, Chief of the Bureau of Provisions and Clothing, 3,500
William Whelan, do. do. Med. and Surgery, 3,000
Lient. M. F. Maury, Superintendent of Observatory at Washington, 3,000
Daniel B. Martin, Engineer in Chief. 3,000
Department of the Interior.
Robert McClelland, Secretary.
Geo. C. Whiting, Chief Clerk, $2,200
General Land-Office.
John Wilson, Commissioner, 3,000
Chas. S. Frailey, Chief Clerk, 2,000
Jos. S. Wilson, Principal Clerk
of Private Land Claims, 1 ,800
90
UNITED STATES.
[1865.
Salary,
John M. Moore, Principal Clerk
iff Surveys^ $ 1,800
Julias N. Granger, Recorder, 2,000
Sydney Webster, Secret, to Prea.
to ngn Land Patents, 1,500
Indian Office.
G. W. Manypenny, Commiss., 3,000
Charles £. Mix, Chief Clerk, 2,000
Pension Office.
Loren P. Waldo, Commissioner, 3,000
Samuel Cole, Chief Clerk, 2,000
Patent Office.
Charles Mason, Commissioner, 3,000
S. T. Shugert, CkirfCUrk, 2,000
George C. Schaffer, Examiner, 2,500
Henry Baldwin,
do.
2,500
Leonard D. Gale,
do.
2,500
Jonathan H. Lane,
do.
2,500
Titian R. Peale,
do.
2,500
T.J.Everett,
do.
2,500
Salary.
De Witt C. Lawrence, jSm. Ex., $ 1,600
Daniel Breed,
J. M. Henry,
Alfred Herbert,
Edward Foreman,
W. C. Langd6n,
do.
do.
do.
do,
do.
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
A. L. Mclntire, Draughtsman, 1,600
D. J. Browne, Agricult. Clerk, 1,500
Vacant, Machinist, 1,250
Wm. W. Turner, Librarian, 1,200
Superintendent of Census.
J. D. B. De Bow, 3,000
Public Buildings.
B. B. French, Commissioner, 2,000
Penitentiary.
Thomas Thornley, Warden, 1,500
Harvey Lindsley, Inspector, 100
Richard Jones, do. 100
Samuel Pumphrey, do. 100
Commission to adjust Private Land Claims in California.
AlpheusFelch, of Michigan, 8,000
Robert A. Thompson, of Va., 8,000
Seth B. Farwell, 8,000
Jno. H. McKune, Aa'yfor U. S,
Louis Blanding, Ass*t Law Agent.
George Fisher, Secretary,
Post-Officb Department.
James Campbell, Postmaster- General.
Horatio King, 1st Assistant Postmaster- Gen., Appointment Office, 3,000
Wm. H. Dundas, 2d do. do.. Contract Office, 3,000
John Marron, Zd do. do.. Finance Office, 3,000
John Oakfbrd, Chief Clerk P. O. DepU, and Chief of Inspection Office, 2,200
Wm. F. Phillips, Auditor of the Treasury far the Post-Office, 3,000
T. J. Johnston, ChUf Clerk of the Auditor, 2,000
Postmasters in the Chief Towns and Cities.*
[Corrected Iq the Poat-Office Department, October 10, 1864.]
Cities.
Augusta, Me.
Bangor, Me.
Bath, Me.
Brunswick, Me.
Calais, Me.
Castine, Me.
Eastport, Me.
Posimasters.
Wm. S. Badger.
Isaac C. Haines.
Joseph C. Snow.
Robert P. Dunlap.
Edgar Whidden.
Charles Rogers.
W. Hathaway.
Cities.
Hallowell, Me.
•Portland, Me.
Robbinston, Me.
Saco, Me.
Thomaston, Me.
Wateryille, Me.
Postmasters.
T. W. Newman.
N. L. Woodbury.
J. W. Cox.
Charles Nutter.
A. Lermond.
H. Barrett.
Charlestown,N.H. C. Messinger.
♦ The offices marked thin (*) are the distrlbuttng offices.
I,
1855.]
POSTMASTERS.
91
Cities.
Coneord, N. H.
Dover, N. H.
Exeter, N. H.
Hanover, N. H.
Keene, N. H.
Manchester, N. H,
Nashua, N. H.
Portsmouth, N. H.
Bennington, Vt.
Brattleboro*, Vt
Burlington, Vt.
Middiebury, Vt.
Hontpelier, Vt.
Rutland, Vt.
Windsor, Vt
Amherst, Mass.
Andover, Mass.
*Boston, Mass.
Cambridge, Mass.
Charlestown, Mass.
Dedham, Mass. .
Fitchburg, Mass.
Greenfield, Mass.
Lawrence, Mass.
Lowell, Mass.
Ljrnn, Mass.
Nantucket, Mass.
New Bedford, Ms.
Newburyport, Ms.
Northampton, Ms.
Pittsfield, Mass.
Plymouth, Mass.
Salem, Mass.
Sandwich, Mass.
Springfield, Mass.
Taunton, Mass.
Ware, Mass.
Williarostown, Ms.
Worcester, Mass.
Newport, R. I.
Pawtucket, R. I.
•Providence, R. I.
Bridgeport, Conn.
'Hartford, Conn,
Litchfield, Conn,
Postmastere.
Jacob Carter.
B. F. Vittum.
D. Melcher.
D. F. Richardson
J. D. Colomy.
Thos. P. Pierce.
George Bowers.
G. H. Rundlett
Truman Heiling.
Samuel Dutton.
D. A. Danforth.
E. R. Wright.
Chas. G. Eastman
J. Cain.
P. G. Kinner.
Seth Nims.
H. Clark.
E. C. Bailey.
Wm. Caldwell.
Chas. B. Rogers.
Elisha Thayer.
John Todd.
D. N. Carpenter.
Benj. F. Watson.
F. A. Hildreth.
J. C. Slickney.
Charles P. Swain.
Joseph C. Kent.
J. M. Cooper.
Amos H. Bullen
Phineas Allen, Jr.
M. Perkins.
Geo. B. Loring.
Charies B. Hall.
A. W. Chapin.
A. M. Ide, Jr.
Addison Sanford.
R. Danforth.
E. Bannister.
Joseph Joslen.
H. Fisher.
W. B. Sayles.
E. B. Goodsell.
W. J. Hamersley.
G. H. Baldwin.
Cities.
Middletown, Ct
New Haven, Ct.
New London, Ct.
Norwich, Conn.
Albany, N. Y.
Auburn, N. Y.
Batavia, N. Y.
Binghampton,N.Y.
Brooklyn, N. Y.
^Buffalo, N. Y.
Canandaigua, N. Y.
Catskill, N. Y.
Cooperstown, N.Y.
Elmira, N, Y.
Geneva, N. Y.
Hudson, N. Y.
Ithaca, N. Y.
Lockport, N. Y.
Newburg, N.Y.
*New York, N. Y.
Ogdensburg, N. Y.
Oswego, N. Y.
Owego, N. Y.
Plattsburg, N. Y.
Poughkeepsie,N . Y ,
Rochester, N. Y.
Rome, N.Y.
Saratoga Sp., N.Y.
Schenectady, N. Y.
Sharon, N. Y.
Syracuse, N. Y.
Troy, N. Y.
Utica, N. Y.
Watertown, N. Y.
West Point, N. Y.
Whitehall, N. Y.
Burlington, N. J.
Newark, N. J.
N. Brunswick, N.J.
Paterson, N. J.
Princeton j N. J,
Trenton, N. J.
Carlisle, Pa.
Chambersburg, Pa..
Easton, Pa. v
Poetmaaters.
Norman Smith.
L. A. Thomas.
James B. Lyman.
JohnW. Stedman.
C. Vosburgh.
£. P. Ross.
Wm. Seaver.
Virgil Whitney.
D. Van Voorhis.
James G. Dickie.
N. G. Cheesebro.
J. Joesbury.
C. J. Stillman.
Daniel Stephens.
L. Kelly.
J. S. Anable.
A. S. Johnson.
Asher Torrance.
Jos. Casterline, Jr.
Isaac V. Fowler.
Luke Baldwin.
S. R. Beardsley.
H. A. Bepbe.
Chas. S. Mooers.
.A. S. Pease.
H. S. Allis.
A. J. Rowley.
Lewis P. Close.
Luke Dodge.
H. Beekman.
H. J. Sedgwick.
Wm. W. Witman.
Isaiah Tiffany.
W. H. Sigourney
Mary Berard, Jr.
Atherton Hall.
B. B. Antrim.
Charies T. <iray.
Henry Sanderson.
William D. Quin.
Robert L. Clow.
W. A. Benjamin.
John B. Bratton.
John Noel.
John J. Herster.
92
UNITED STATES,
Cities. Postmasters.
•Erie, Pa. B. F. Sloan.
Harrisburg, Pa. John H. Brant.
Holliday8burg,Pa. W. G. Murray.
Kensington, Pa. Peter Rambo.
Lancaster, Pa. H. M. Reigart.
Meadville, Pa. J. £. McFarland.
*NortbiimberIand,Pa. Jacob Ulp.
•Philadelphia, Pa. John Miller.
•Pittsburg, Pa. Robt. Anderson.
Pottsville, Pa. John Clayton.
Reading, Pa. Lewis H. Wunder
Uniontown, Pa. A. Hadden.
Wilkesbarre, Pa.
Dover, Del.
Newcastle, Del.
John Reichard.
G. Stevenso^.
J. Dunkin, Jr.
Wilmington, Del. John McClung.
Annapolis, Md. Aug. Gassaway.
•Baltimore, Md. Jacob G. Davies.
Cumberland, Md. Wm. A. Taylor.
Frederick, Md. J. J. Smith.
Hagerstown, Md. Saml. Ridenour.
Georgetown, D.C. H. W. Tilley.
•Washington, D.CJames G. Berret.
Abingdon, Va. Leonidas Baugh.
Alexandria, Va. T. W. Ashby.
Charlottesville, Va.Twy man Wayt.
Clarksburg, Va. B. S. Griffin.
Fredericsburg, Va. R. T. Thom.
•Kanawha C.H.,Va.D. H. Snyder.
Lynchburg, Va. Robt. H. Glass.
I
•Norfolk, Va.
•Petersburg, Va.
Richmond, Va.
•Wheeling, Va.
VVinclieat^r, Va.
*ABliviJle, N. C.
Alexander Gait.
Wm.. N. Friend.
Thos. B. Bigger.
Geo. A. Cracrafl.
Geo. B. Graves.
W. H. Hilliard.
FayettHville, N. C. Josiah E. Bryan.
GreeoBboTo'jN. C. B. C. Graham.
HilUboro', N. C. J. M. Palmer.
Newbern, N. C. J. C. Stevenson.
*RBleigb, N. C. Wm. White.
Wilmirigion, N. C. Daniel Dickson.
G^mdati, H. C. J. S. Gamewell.
•Charleaion, S. C. Alfred Huger.
C^^lQnibia, B. C. James B. Glass
[1865.
Cities. Postmasters.
Georgetown, S. C. Wm. McNulty.
•Yorkville, S. C. Samuel Melton.
Athens, Ga. John Crawford.
•Augusta, Ga. J. M. Smythe.
Columbus, Ga. R. C. Forsyth.
Darien, Ga. G. Adams.
Macon, Ga. J. A. Nisbett.
Milledgeville, Ga. Thos. M. Cook.
•Savannah, Ga. Solomon Cohen.
Apaiachicola, Fa. B. F. Simmons.
Key West, Fa. J. C. Whalton.
Pensacola, Fa. Dillon Jordon.
Tallahassee, Fa. Miles Nash.
Florence, Ala. Geo.W. Sneed.
Greensboro', Ala. H. Kohnen.
•Huntsville, Ala. C. D. Kavanaugh.
Mobile, Ala. T. L. Toulmin.
*Montgomery,Ala.M. P. Blue.
Tuscaloosa, Ala. Wm. D. Manrast
•Tuscumbia, Ala. John L. Bunch.
Jackson, Miss. S. Davis.
•Natchez, Miss. Ricbard Edward.
Pass Christian, Mi. Sarah A. Hiern.
Port Gibson, Miss. R. Shoemaker.
*Vicksburg, Miss. W. H. Sparke.
Baton Rouge, La. Jos. McCormick.
Donaldson ville. La. A. Gingry.
"Natchitoches, La. T. Lacoste.
*New Orleans, La. Wm. G. Kendall.
Austin, Tex. Benj. F. Johnson.
Corpus ChristijTex.C. Cahill.
•Galveston, Tex. John B. Root.
Houston, Tex. O. L. Cochran.
Fort Gibson, Ark. Wm. P. Denckla.
Little Rock, Ark. Wm. F. Pope.
Columbia, Tenn. E. F. Lee.
Knoxville, Tenn. J. E. Helms.
•Memphis, Tenn. Wm. H. Carroll.
Murfreesboro*,Ten.J.M. Leathermam.
•Nashville, Tenn., S. R. Anderson.
•CumbM Gap, Tenn. J. G. Newlee.
Frankfoft, Ky. Benj. F. Johnson.
Lexington, Ky. Squire Bassett.
•Louisville, Ky. J. W. Brannon.
MaysvUle, Ky. W. S. Pickett.
1855.]
Cities.
Chillioothe, Ohio,
Cincinnati, Ohio,
Cleveland, Ohio,
'Columbus, Ohio,
Dayton, Ohio,
Marietta, Ohio,
Newark, Ohio,
Sandusky, Ohio,
Steubenville, Ohio,
•Toledo, Ohio,
Zanesville, Ohio,
Adrian, Mich.
Ann Arbor, Mich.
•Detroit, Mich.
Jackson, Mich.
Kalamazoo, Mich.
Lansing, Mich.
Pontiac, Mich.
Evansville, Ind.
•Indianapolis, Ind.
Lafayette, Ind.
Madison, Ind.
New Albany, Ind.
Terre Haute, Ind.
•Vincennes, Ind.
Alton, 111.
•Chicago, 111.
COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS.
93
Postmasters.
John Hough.
John L. Vattier.
J. W. Grey.
Thomas Sparrow.
Edward A. King.
Nathaniel Bishop.
W. Parr.
John M. Brown.
,Thos. Brashears.
John E. Hunt.
J. L. Robb.
C. B. Backus.
H. D. Bennett.
T. F. Brodhead.
R. S. Cheney.
Wm. H. De Yoe.
V. S. Murphy.
S. W. Denton.
Benj. Stinson.
W. W. Wick.
Jacob Walker.
RoIIa Doolittle.
F. M. Gwin.
Joseph O. Jones.
J. Dick.
R. W. English.
Isaac Cook.
Cities.
Galena, 111.
Jacksonville, 111.
Kaskaskia, 111.
Peoria, 111.
Quincy, t\\.
Postmasters.
Bernard Gray.
Samuel Hunt.
Ferd. Unger.
Peter Sweat.
Austin Brooks.
•Shawneetown,Ill.G. H. McKeaig.
Springfield, III. Isaac R. Diller.
Independence, Mo. P. McClanahan.
Jefferson Bar., Mo. E. Thompson.
Jefferson City, Mo. W. H. Crawford.
*St. Louis, Mo. D. H. Armstrong.
Muscatine, lo. Henry Rcece.
Burlington, lo. James Tizzard.
Madison, Wise. John N. Jones.
Milwaukee, Wise. J. A. Noonan.
St. Paul, Min. W. H. Forbes.
Santa F6, N. Mex. D. Whiting.
Salt Lake City, Ut. Willard Richards
Benicia, Cal. T. T. Hooper.
Monterey, Cal. A. Randal. #
Sacramento City, Cal. Ferris Forman.
San Diego, Cal. G. Lyons.
San Francisco, Cal. Thos. J. Henley.
San Jos6, Cal. John A. Patrick.
Stockton, Cal. John S. Evans.
Astoria, Oregon, T. P. Powers.
Oregon City, Or. W. W. Rjick.
Ports.
Bangor, Me.
Bath, Me.
Belfast,* Me.
Castine, Me.
Eastport, Me.
Ellsworth, Me.
Kennebunk, Me.
Machias, Me.
Portland, Me.
Saco, Me.
Waldoboro*, Me.
Wiscasset, Me.
York, Me.
Collectors of Customs
[Corrected in the Treasury
IN THS Principal Ports.
Department, Oct. 10, 1854.]
Collectors.
George P. Sewall
Chas.N.Bodfish.
£. K. Smart.
R. H. Bridgham.
Bion Bradbury.
Thomas D. Jones.
John Cousens
Dan. W. Dorman.
Ezra Carter, Jr.
Nath. M. Towle.
Edmund Wilson.
John Babson.
Luther Junkins.
Ports.
Barnstable, Ms.
Boston, Ms.
Edgartown, Ms.
Fall River, Ms.'
Gloucester, Ms.
Marblehead, Ms.
Nantucket, Ms.
Collectors.
S. B. Phinney.
Chas. H. Peaslee
Jos. T. Pease.
P. W. Leland.
W. H. Manning.
Wm. Bnrtnll.
E. W. Atl^jii.
Portsmouth, N. H. Zenas Clement.
New Bedford, Ms. C. B. H. Ft^^stmden.
Newburyport, Ms. James Bloc mJ.
Plymouth, Ms. ^ E. P. LUile.
;SaIem, Ms. Ephraim F I^lllJer.
|Bristol, R. I. G. H. K'-.y nofd*.
j Newport, R. I. Georgf ^I'urner*
[Providence, R. I. Gideon DrmffiMfd^ .
f)4
UNITED STATES.
[1855.
Ports.
BurliDgton, Vt.
Fairfield, Ct
Middletown, Ct.
New Haven, Ct.
New London, Ct.
Stonington, Ct.
Buffalo, N. y.
Collectors.
D. A. Smallejr.
Wm. S. Pomeroy
Wm. D. Starr.
M. A. Osborn.
Henry Hobart.
Ezra Chesebro.
John T. Hudson.
C. Vincent, N. Y. Alfred Fox.
Lewiston, N. Y. A.V. E. Hotchkiss,
New York, N. Y. H. J. Redfield.
Ogdensburg, N. Y. Horace Moody.
Oswego, N. Y. E. B. Talcott.
Plattsburg, N. Y. Henry B. Smith.
Rochester, N. Y. Jas. C. Campbell.
Sacket's H*r, N. Y. T. S. Hall.
Sag Harbor, N.Y. S. L. Gardiner.
Bargaintown, N. J. Thos. D. Winner.
Bridgetown, N. J. Wm. S. Bowen.
Lamberton, N. J. John A. Sherrad.
Newark, N. J. Edwd. T. Hillyer
Perth Amboy, N.J. Fr. W. Brinley
Tuckerton, N.
Erie, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Wilmington, Del.
Annapolis, Md.
Baltimore, Md.
Oxford, #fd.
Vienna, Md.
Steph. Willets.
James Lytle.
Charles Brown.
Jesse Sharpe.
James Sands.
P. F. Thomas.
R. B. Willis.
G. A. Z. Smith.
Georgetown, D. C. Robert White.
Alexandria, Va. Edwd. S. Hough.
Eastville, Va.
Norfolk, Va.
Petersburg, Va.
Richtnoad, Va.
John S. Parker.
Saml. T. Sawyer.
Vacant.
W. M. Harrison.
Taj]p[iliri[inock,Va.Geo. T. Wright.
Yorklovvn, Va. P. J. Barziza.
BeiiLiffjrt, N. C. J. E. Gibble.
Eden ton, N. C. Edmund Wright.
Eliza'h CUy,N.C. L.D.Starke.
Newbf'rn, N. C. T. S. Singleton.
Ocracukc, N. C. OMver S. Dewey.
Ports. Collectors.
Plymouth, N. C. Joseph Ramsey.
Washington, N. C. H. F. Hancock.
Wilmington, N.C. Jas. T. Miller.
Beaufort, S. C. B. R. Bythewood.
Charleston, S. C. Wm. F. Colcock.
Georgetown, S. C. Thomas L. Shaw.
Darien, Geo. Woodford Maybry.
Savannah, Geo. John Boston.
St. Mary's, Geo. J. A. Baratte.
Apalachicola, Fa. Geo. S. Hawkins.
Jacksonville, Fa. J. D. Dell.
Key West, Fa. Jas. P. Baldwin.
Pensacola, Fa. Joseph Sierra.
Port Leon, Fa. Hugh Archer.
St. Augustine, Fa. Paul Arnan.
Mobile, Ala. Thad. Sanford.
Natchez, Miss. Edward Pickett.
Shieldsboro', Miss. D. W. Johnston.
Vicksburg, Miss. D. Walker.
Franklin, La. R. N. McMillan.
New Orleans, La. Thos. C. Porter.
Galveston, Texas, Hamilton Stuart.
La Salle, Texas, D. M. Stapp.
Point Isabel,Tex. Stephen Powers.
Cleveland, Ohio, Robert Parks.
Toledo, Ohio, Jos^ah Riley.
Sandusky, Ohio, James A. Jones.
Chicago, III. W. B. Snowhook.
Detroit, Mich. John H. Harmon.
Michirck, Mich. Alexander TolL
Milwaukee, Wise. John White.
Pembina, Min. T. Philip Beauprie.
Benicia, Cal. L. B. Mizner.
Monterey, Cal. Isaac B. Wall.
Sacramento C, Cal. Chas. C. Sackett.
San Diego, Cal. O. S. Witherby.
San Francisco, Cal. R.P.Hammond.
Stockton, Cal. Jas. M. Scofield.
Astoria, O. T. John Adair.
Gardiner, O. T. A. C. Gibbs.
Olympia, W. T. J. N. Eby.
1856.] BEGISTEBS AND RECEIVERS OP THE LAND-OFFICE.
05
Natal Officers
Names. Districts.
John McClintock, Portsmouth, N. H
Nicholas Brown, Newburyport, Ms.
Charles Millett, Salem, Ms.
Charles G. Greene, Boston, Ms.
Silas A. Comstock, Providence, R. I
MiltoD Hall, Newport, R. I.
J. R. Brodhead. New York, N. Y
Nath. B. Eldred, Philadelphia, Pa.
Office, Oct. 1854.
Names. Districts.
John Kettlewell, Baltimore, Md.
0. C. Robinson, Norfolk, Va.
Wm. N. Peden, Wilmington, N. C.
Henry M.Howard, Charleston, S. C.
Thos. L. Hamilton, Savannah, Ga.
Joseph Genois, New Orleans, La.
Wm. B. Damaron, San Francisco.
Reoistebs, Receivers, Surveyors, and Geologists connected with
THE Land-Office.
Names of Registers and Receivers in Office,
Oct. 1854.
Slate.
Place.
Registers.
Beceiyera.
Alabama,
St. Stephens,
Cahawba,
James Magoffin,
Eldridffe Gardner,
James H. Ware,
Saml. S. Houston.
C(
Wm. W. Fambro.
U
Huntsville,
John S. Nance.
((
Tuscaloosa,
Monroe Donoho,
James W. Warren.
M
Sparta,
E. W. Martin,
James Larkins.
U
Demopolis,
Lewis B. McCarty,
Thos. O. Glascock,
S. T. Torbert.
c<
Montgomery,
Nimrod E. Benson.
cc
Lebanon,
J. Cunningham,
Wm. W. Lewis,
A. Snodgrass.
Arkansas,
Batesville,
J. C. Claiborne.
u
Little Rock,
Robt. A. Watkins,
B. F. Danley.
Charles B. Mitchel.
u
Washington,
Benj. P. Jett,
L. C. Blackemore,
u
Fayetteville,
D. W. C. Yell.
cc
Helena,
Henry L. Biscoe, *
James C. Tappan.
John J. Horton,
Ck
Clarksville,
Oliver Basham, ^
cc
Champagnolle,
William J. Owen,
Wm. T. Sergeant.
California,
Los Angelos,
H. P. Dorsey,
Andreas Pico.
u
Benicia,
Wm. W.JGift,
P. Bequette.
John W. Argyle.
Florida,
Tallahassee,
Selim W. Myers,
u
St. Augustine,
James M. Gould,
F. P. Ferriera.
u
Newnansville,
P. McCormick,
J. G. Reardon.
Illinois,
Shawneetown,
J. M. Cunningham,
Saml. K. Casey.
((
Kaskaskia,
Danl. P. Roberts,
William Adair.
cc
Edwardsville,
Michael G. Dale,
Wm. A. J. Sparks.
cc
Vandalia,
Arthur J. Gallaher,
Daniel Gregory.
Robert C. Wilson.
cc
Palestine,
Harman Alexander,
cc
Springfield,
Danvnie,
John Connelly,
Edward Connor.
cc
W. P. Davis,
Wm. E. Russell.
cc
auincy.
Aug. C. Marsh,
Damon Hauser.
cc
Dixon,
Hugh Wallace,
John Dement.
cc
Chicago,
James Long,
Eli B. Williams.
Indiana,
Jeffersonville,
John F. Read,
George W. Carr.
cc
Vincennes,
John R. Jones,
John C. Hebard.
cc
Indianapolis,
James Talbot,
Calvin W. Ruter.
cc
Winamiic,
Daniel A. Farley,
Wm. M. Patterson.
Iowa,
Dubuque,
George McHenry,
Patrick Quigley.
96
UNITED STATES.
[1855.
State.
Iowa,
Place.
Registers.
Receivers.
Fairfield,
James Thompson,
J. W. Culbertson.
t(
Iowa City,
John Clark,
Gil man Folsom.
i(
Fort Desmoines,
Thomas A. Walker, P. M. Casaday. |
((
Kanesville,
L. W. Babbitt,
Enos Lowe.
It
Chariton,
Robert Coles,
N. G. Sales.
u
Northern,
Geo. L. Nightingale,
Eliphalet Price.
S. M. Ballard.
u
Missouri River,
J. H. D. Street,
Louisiana,
New Orleans,
Lewis Palms,
Henry W. Palfrey.
((
Opelousas,
James G.Fitzgerald,
Eugene Martelle.
u
Ouachita,
William Shannon,
Peyton G. King.
John M. Vernon.
u
Greensburg,
Cade D. Strickland.
u
Natchitoches,
John B. Cloutier,
J. B. O. Bruard.
Michigan,
Detroit,
Daniel J. Campan,
Elisha Taylor.
(t
Kalamazoo,
Thos. S. Atlee,
L. Van de Walker.
u
Gene^g^,
William M. Fenton,
Russell Bishop.
€t
Ionia,
Alexander F. Bell,
Frederic Hall.
U
Sault Ste. Marie,
Ebenezer Warner,
William A. Pratt.
U
Duncan,
C. H. Taylor,
Thom. W.Newman,
H. A. Rood.
Mississippi,
Washington,
Wm.N.Whitehurst.
((
Aususta,
Jackson,
Drury Bynum,
Joseph Bell,
Samf. M. Hawkins,
Oliver C. Dease,
C(
Wm. M. Gillaspie.
Robt. S. Gollaclay.
C(
Grenada,
ct
Columbus,
Kiel ding L. Dowsing,
A. J. Edmondson,
Robert D. Haden.
K
Pontotoc,
James W. Drake.
Missouri,
St. Louis,
D. C. Tuttle,
Richard B. Dallam.
t(
Fayette,
Palmyra,
Leland Wright,
E. £. Buckner.
((
Wm. P. Harrison,
Joseph P. Ament.
ct
Jackson,
Thos. B. English.
Asa S. Marvin,
George M. Beatie.
Nathl. B. Holden.
tt
Clinton,
C(
Springfield,
Plattsburg,
Richard M. Jones,
Henry Fulbright.
(t
James H. Birch,
William Brown.
((
Milan,
Jacamiah Sean&an,
Wesley Haliburton.
Theodore Sherer.
Ohio,
Chillicothe,
Jas. S. McGinnis,
t(
Defian#>,
Nathan M. Landis,
Reuben H. Gilson.
Wisconsin,
Mineral Point,
Joel C. Squires,
John A. Bryan,
Jacob H. Kimball,
Henry Plowman.
C(
Menasha,
Benj. H. Mooers.
((
Milwaukee,
Jonas Whitney.
u
Stevens Point,
Abraham Brawley,
Albert G. Ellis.
l(
La Crosse,
Cyrus K. Lord,
Tho. Rodolph.
((
Willow River,
John O. Henning,
Otis Hoyt.
MiXXSOTA,
Stillwater,
Thos.M.Fullerton,
William Holcomb.
H '
Sauk Rapids,
George W. Sweet,
Wm. H. Wood.
44
Brownsville,
J. R. Bennett,
J. H. McKenney.
u
Minneapolis,
M. L. Olds,
R. P. Russell.
It
Winona,
D. Upman,
W. W. Phelps,
L. D. Smith.
t*
Redwing.
C. Graham.
OregosTer.
R. Wilcox,
J. Guthrie, Jr.
^WAflfl^T^R.
H. C. Mosely,
E. Yulee.
Surveyors- General of the Public Lands.
DIstrtcts. Names of Surveyors. Rasidence.
Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, Leander Chapman, Detroit, Mich.
Iltinms and Missouri, John Loughborough, St. Louis, Mo.
Louisiaijjt, Wm. J. McCulloh, Donaldsonville.
1855.]
Arkansas,
Wisconsin and Iowa,
Florida,
California,
Oregon Territory,
Alabama,
Sonth of Tennessee,
New Mexico,
Washington Territory,
Kanzas and Nebraska,
INDIAN I>EPARTM|NT.
George Milbourne,
Warner Lewis,
John Westcott,
John C. Hays,
Charles K. Gardner,
James H. Weakley,
C. A. Bradford,
W. Pelham.
J. Tilton.
J. Calhoun.
Recorder cf Land TUles,
97
Rockport.
Dubuque, Iowa.
St. Augustine.
San Francisco.
Oregon City.
Florence.
Jackson, Miss.
Adolphe Renard, St. Louis, Mo.
Indian Defabthxnt.
[Corrected la Office of Indian Aflairs, Oct 10, 1854.]
SuperitUendencUs.
Superintendent. Salary. Superintendeocy. Superintendent. Salary.
Southern, Thomas S. Drew, $2,000
Minnesota, W. A. Gorman, ex officio.
Superintendency.
Northern, F. Huebschmann, $ 2,000
Central, Alired Cummins, 2,000
Jlgeneies.
Designation of Agency.
Tribes in each Agency.
Name of Agent.
Bond.
Salary.
Chickaeaw Agencj,
Chickasaws,
Andrew J. Smith,
•20,000
$1,600
Choctair "
CbociAwe,
Douglas H.CoofMr,
20,000
1,600
Creek "
Creeks,
Wm. H. Garrett,
20,000
1,600
Cherokee
Cherokoes,
Indians, Upper Platte and
George Butler,
20,000
1,600
Upper PUtte "
Arkansas,
Pottawatimies and Kanzas,
John W. Whitfield,
20,000
1,500
Pottawatlfnie "
George W. Clarke,
40,000
1,600
Sac and Fox "
Sacs and Foxes, Otuwas,
Swan Creek, and Black
Rirer Chippewas,
Indians on the Upper Mis-
Burton A. James,
20,000
1,600
Upper MiMonri'*
souri,
Alfred J. Vaughan,
6,000
1,600
Winnebago "
Winnebagoes and Menomo-
nies.
J. E Fletcher,
20,000
1,600
Chippewa
Chippewas of the Mississip-
pi and Lake Superior,
Indians in Michigan,
Ossges, Quapaws, Senecas,
and Shawneesand Senecas,
David B. Herriman,
20,000
1,600
Mackimus "
Henry C. Gilbert,
20,000
1,600
Neoeha
Andrew J. Dom,
10,000
1,000
OoagaRirer "
Weas, Piankeefaaws, Kas-
kaskias, Peorias^and Mia-
mies,
Eli Moore,
10,000
1,000
Kfttv^m ((
Shawnees, Delawares, Man-
sees, Stockbridges, and
Wyandols and Christian
Indians,
Benj. F. Bobinaon,
10,000
1,000
Great Nemeha **
Eickapooe, lowas, and Sacs
and Foxes of the Missouri,
DanL Vanderalice,
10,000
1,000
OooncUBluffii "
Ottoe:?, Mi8sourias,Omahas,
•
and Pawnees,
Richd. G. Murphy,
30,000
1,000
Saint Peters "
Sioux of Minnesota,
60,000
1,000
Robert S. Neighbors, George T. Howard, and George W. Hill are
Special Agents for Indians in Texas. Their bonds are $ 5,000 each, and
their nUary $ 1,700 per annum.
9
98
UNITED STATES.
[1856.
JV*gi0 Mexico,
David Merriwether, Governor and ex Officio Superintend, of Indian JSffairs.
Agents. Salary. Bond. Agenia. Salary. Bond.
Christopher Carson, $ 1,550
Henry L. Dodge, 1,550
Michael Steck, 1,500
Lorenzo Labady, $ 1,550 $ 5,000
Saml. H.Montgomery 1,500 10,000
$5,000]
5,000$
10,000
Utah.
Brigfaam Young, Governor and eX' Officio Superintendent of Indian Affairs.
Garland Hurt, ^o^enr, iSalary $ 1,550 Bond $20,000
Stephen B. Rose, Sub-agent^ " 750 «« 2,000
California.
Thos. J. Henley, Superintend, of Ind. Affairs^ Salary $ 4,000 Bond $ 100,000
Oregon Territory.
Joel Palmer, Superintendent of Ind. Affairs^ Salary $2,500 Bond $ 20,000
Samuel H. Culver, Agent, " 1,500 *» 6,000
Robert R. Thompson, " " 1,500 " 5,000
Josiah L. Parish, " « 1,500 ** 5,000
Wm. J. Martin, of Salem, P. F. Thompson, of Lafayette, and W. W.
Raymond, of Astoria, Sub-agents, with a salary each of $ 750.
Washington Territory.
Isaac J. Stevens, Crovernor and ex-Offi^io Superintendent of Indian Affairs.
Aquilla Jones, Agent, Salary $ 1,500 Bond $ lO/HK)
R. H. Lansdale, «* " 1,500 " 10,000
Andrew J. Bolen, Sub-agenty " 1,000 «* 5,000
William H.Tappen, " " 1,000 " 5,000
Sub-agents East of Rocky Mountains and Korth ofJ{ew Mexico and Texas,
Marcus H. Johnson, Sub-agent for Indians in
mw York, Salary $ 750 Bond $ 5,000
John V. Suydam, " at Green Bay, " 750 10,000
James W. Washburn, Seminole Sub-agency, " 750 5,000
Akmt Pshsioh-Agsnts in Office, October^ 1854.
I
Name. Place.
Wm. E.Woodruff, Little Rock, Ark
W, P. Deockla^ Fort Gibson, "
Wm. H. Moore, Huntsville, Ala.
Jfl*, H. D earing, Tuscaloosa, "
James Perrinir, Mobile, •*
Charlep L. Waller, San Franci8C0,CaI.
Beih Bclden, Hartford, Ct.
John McClung, Wilmington, Del.
Arthur M. Reed, Jacksonville, Fa.
Francis H. Thsg, Tallahassee, "
James S Mord, Savannah, Ga.
J. W. Ch^ipindn, Madison, Ind.
0, C* KfloU New Albany, Ind.
Name.
A. F. Morrison,
David Raleigh,
Isaac .B. Curran,
Isaac Caldwell,
Leon Chabert,
George F. Emery,
Wm. C.Anderson,
Isaac O. Barnes,
John S. Gittings,
D. N. Barrows,
Ed. N. Fuller,
Geo. Minot,
V. B. Livingston,
Place.
Indianapolis, Ind.
Evansville, Ind.
Springfield, III.
Louisville, Ky.
New Orleans, La.
Portland, Me.
St. Louis, Mo.
Boston, Mass.
Baltimore, Md.
Jackson, Miss.
PorUmouth, N. H.
Concord, N. H.
New York, N. Y.
1855.]
UGHT-HOU8E BOABD.
99
NaoM. Flues.
James M. Freficli» Albany , N. Y.
J. F. £. Hardy, AshviUe, N. C.
James Haske, Fayetteville, N.C.
Phil. Dickinson, Trenton, N. J.
Joel C. Green, Cinoinnati, Ohio.
£. Hessenmaeller, Cleveland, Ohio.
D. Sturgeon, Philadelphia, Pa.
John Grayson, Pittsburg, Pa.
Parts Hill, Providence, R. I.
John C. Cochran, Charleston, S. C.
C. C. Abemathy, Pulaski, Tenn.
J. L. H. Tomlin, Jackson, **
Name. Place.
Wm. K. Blair, Jonesboro*, Tenn.
Isaac Lewis, Knoxville, ^*
Joel M. Smith, Nashville, «'
W. H.H.Bingham, Montpelier, Vt.
C. F. Staniford, Burlington, Vt.
M. D. Newman, Richmond, Va.
G.S.Thompson, Wheeling, <«
Elisha Taylor, Detroit, Mich.
C. H. Larkln, Milwaukee, Wise.
P. C. JefTries, Ottumwa, Iowa.
R.W. Latham, Washington, D. C.
Arch'd McKinlay, Oregon City, O.T.
Natt Psnsioit-Agxhts in Office, October^ 1854.
Name. Place.
George F. Emery, Portland, Me.
Nehemiah Moses, Portsmouth, N.H.
Isaac O. Barnes, Boston, Mass.
Paris Hill, Proyidence, R. I.
Seth Belden, Hartford, Ct.
Conrad Schwackheimer,N.York,N.Y.
P. Dickinson, Trenton, N. J.
Alfred Day, Philadelphia, Pa.
John Grayson, Pittsburg, Pa.
John McClung, Wilmington, Del.
Name. Place.
John H. Briscoe, Baltimore, Md.
George Loyall, Norfolk, Va.
B. D. Heriot, Charleston, S. C.
Walker Anderioo, Pensacola, Fl.
Isaac Caldwell, Louisrille, Ky.
Joel C. Green,
filisha Taylor,
W. C. Anderson,
Albert G. Allen,
Cincinnati, O.
Detroit, Mich.
St. Louis, Mo.
Washington, D.C.
Chas. L. Weller, San Francisco, Cal.
SUPBRTISIHO InSPXCTOBS OP STEAMBOATS, AND THXIK DxSTXICTS,
October, 1854.
Salary § 1,500 each, and reasonable travelling expenses.
No. or
Diet.
Inspector.
District.
1.
2.
3.
4.
S.
6.
7.
a
9.
WHliam Burnett, of Boston,
Cbartes W. CopelaDd, of New York,
W. E. Muir, of New Orleans,
Daris Embree, of Su Louis,
John Shalcross, of Louisville,
Benjamin Crawford, of Pituburr,
Isaac Lewis, of Monroe (Mich.),
Augustus Walker, of Buf&lo,
Maine to Connecticut, inclnsire.
and the Hudson River as far north as Troy.
Delaware Bay to Gape Sable, Florida
Cape Sable to the Klo Grande ; Mississippi
River lo Baton Rouge ; California ft Oregon.
The Mississippi above Baton Rouge and iu
tribuuries, excluding the Ohio, and includ-
ing the Missouri River.
The waters of the Ohio River to the Ken-
tucky River.
Waters of the Ohio above the Eentuckv River.
Ttie waters north and west of Lake Erie, in-
cluding the Illinois and Mississippi, above
Missouri.
The waters of Lake Erie, Ontario, and the St.
Lawrence to Champlain.
LiQHT-HoDSE Board.
James Gatfarie, Secretary of the Treasury, President ex officio,
A. D. Bache,
Wm. B. Shabrick, U. S. N.
Samuel F. Dopont, U. S. N.
Job. 6. Totten, U. S. Eng. Corps.
JuDM Kearney, V. S. Topc|;. Eng.
Joseph Heary.
Secretaries.
Thornton A. Jenkins, U. S. N.
E. L. F. Hardcastle, U. S. Top. F*
100
UiriTXD STATSa.
III. ARMY LIST.li
[1855.
1. WiNFiELD Scott, Major- Generaly (commisBioned Jane 25, 1841,) Gen-
ertU-in- Chief. Head-quartera at New York.
*Jobn £. Wool, Brigadier- QeiunU^ commiaaioiied June 85, 1841.
•David E. Twiggs, •* " June 30, 1846.
Samuel Coooer, Col. and Mj.-Gen.^ << July 15, 1852.
tSylvester Cnurcbill, Col, and Inspector- Gen.^ ^ June 25, 1841.
J. K. F. Mansfield, Col. and Inspector- Gen.^ «« May 28, 1853.
•Thomas S. Jesup, Brig.-Gen.^ and Quarter-
master-Ooneral, «* May 8,1818.
•George Gibson, Col. and Comnussaru-Gen., '* April 16, 1818.
tThomas Lawson, Col. and Surgeon-Gen.y '< Nov. 30, 1636.
Beni. F. Lamed, Col. and Paymaster-Gen,^ «< July 20, 1854.
fCoI. Joseph G. Totten, Chief Engineer^ ** Dec. 7, 1838.
Co\. ^. J. AbeTtfChief Topographical Engineer^ '< July 7,1838.
Col. Henry K. Craig, Chirf of Ordnance^ «< July 10, 1851.
Brevet-Major J. F. Lee, Judge Mvocate^ *^ Mar. 2, 1849.
2. FisLD Opficxrb or the Corps of EnoiHisits, Topographioak
EveiHssRS, AHD Ordnamcx, aud of Reoimxhts.
Engineers,
f Col. Joseph G. Totten,
|Lieut.-Col. Sylvanus Thayer,
•« Ren6 E. De Rnssy,
(Major John L. Smith,
«« William H. Chase,
«< Richard Delafield,
** Cornelius A. Ogden.
Topographical Engineers,
Col. John J. Abort,
Lieat.-Col. James Kearney,
§ Major Stephen H. Long,
" Hartman Bache,
§ ^ James D. Graham,
t <' William TurnbuU.
Ordnance Department,
Col. Henry K. Craig,
Lieut.-CoI. Rufus L. Baker,
§ Major James W. Ripley,
" John Symington,
«« William H. Bell,
** Edward Harding.
First Dragoons.
Col. T. T. Fauntleroy,
1;Lieut.-CoI. E. Y. Sumner,
§ Major Benjamin L. Beall,
" G. A. H. Blake.
Second Dragoons,
f Col. William S. Harney,
Lieut.-Col. Philip St G. Cooke,
Major Marshall S. Howe,
^ Enoch Steen.
Mounted Bifiemen,
•Col. Persifor F. Smith,
(Lieut-Col. Wm. W. Loring,
Major Geo. B. Crittenden,
*' John S. Simonson.
First Jlrtillery,
Col. I. B. Crane,
tLieut.-Col. J. L. Gardner,
(Major Justin Dimick,
«« Allen Lowd.
Second Artillery.
tCoI. James Bankhead,
Lieut.-Col. John Erving,
(Major John Munroe,
( " Harvey Brown.
Third Jlrtillery.
Col. William Gates,
(Lieut.-Col. F. S. Belton,
Major Charles S. Merchant
§ ** George Naumon.
Fourth Jlrtillery,
tCol. J. B. Walbacb,
11 We are greatly indexed to the AdjutanVGenenl for correcting thia Llat to Oct. 1854-
»Maj.-aen.b7teeTOt 1 3rig^Qen. by breret. XOoLbybnpeU § UeuU-CoL by bnrat.
1855.]
tLieot.-Col. M. M. Payne,
Major Giles Porter,
•« William W. Morris.
First Infantry,
Col. Joseph Plympton,
i(ieut.-Col. Henry Bainbridge,
Major Edgar S. Hawkins,
§ ^ Thoni|i8on Morris.
Second Infantry,
tCol. E. A. Hitchcock,
Lieut.-Col. J. J. Abercrombie,
Major Hannibal Day,
§ •* Win. R. Montgomery.
Tlnrd Infantry.
Col. Thomas Staniford.
Lieat.-CoI. Dixon S. Miles,
Major Gouyemeur Morris,
'' Electus Backus.
Fourth If^antry.
Col. William Whistler,
Lieut.-Col. B. L. E. Bonneville,
ARMT LIST.
101
tMajor George Wright,
«* Gabriel J. Rains.
Fifth Infantry.
Col. Gustavtts Loomis,
tLieut.-Col. Carlos A. Waite,
Major Thomas P. Gwynne,
'< Jos. H. La Motte.
Sixth If^antry.
tCoI. Newman S. Clarke,
tLieut-Col. Francis Lee,
§ Major William Hoffman,
(« Albemarie Cady.
Seventh Ii^antry.
Col. Henry Wilson,
Lieut.-Col. Pitcaim Morrison,
Major George Andrews,
§ «* Joseph R. Smith.
Eighth h^fantry,
tCol. John Garland,
Lieut-Col. Washington Seawell,
^fedajor Edmund B. Alexander,
** Thomas L. Alexander.
3. Military Commands.*
Department of the East,
The country east of the Mississippi River; head-quarters at Baltimore,
Md. Brevet Brig.-Gen. James Bankhead, Commander.
Department of the West,
The country west of the Mississippi River, and east of the Rocky Moun-
tains, except the Departments of Texas and New Mexico ; head-quarters
at St. Louis, Mo. Brevet Maj.-Gen. David E. Twiggs, Commander.
Department of Texas,
The State of Texas, except the country north of the 33d degree of north
latitude; head-quarters at Corpus Christi, Texas. Brevet Maj.-Gen. Per-
nibr F. Smith, Commander. w
Department ofjfew Mexico.
The Territory oftNew Mexico, except the country west of the 110th
decree of west longitude; head-quarters at Santa F6, New Mexico. Brevet
Bng.-Gen. John Garland, Commander.
Department of the Pacific,
Th« coantry west of the Rocky Mountains, except the Territory of
Utah and the Uepartment of New Mexico ; head-quarters at Benicia, Cal-
Ubmia. Brevet Maj.-Gen. John E. Wool, Commander.
The bead-quarters of the army are in the city of New York. Major-
General Winneld Scott, Commander.
* Tlia fimMf amufBOMOt of Militarj Geographical DiFisiona and DepartmenU waa abol*
iabed, and theae HUilary Gonunanda w«re aubaliiuted therefor, by a General Order dated
Octobtf M, 166a
9*
103
UXITED STATES.
4. Arsxitals.
[1855.
Poatt.
Kennebec,
Watertowni
Watervliet,
New York,
Allegheny,
Frankfora,
PikesYille,
Washington,
Fort Monroe,
St. Louis,
Baton Rouge,
Mount Vernon,
Detroit,
North Carolina,
Charieston,
LitUe Rock,
San Anlonio,
Benicia,
State or Territory,
Maine,
MaasachuMtts,
New York,
New York,
PenneylTania,
Maryland,
Diet, of Ck»lambia,
Virginia,
Missouri,
Louisiana,
Alabama,
Michigan,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Arkansas,
Texas,
California,
Post-Office.
Permanent Commanders.
Augusta,
Watertown,
West Troy,
New York,
Pittsburg,
Bridesbuig,
Pikesville,
Washington,
Old P. Comfort,
St. Louis,
Baton Rouge,
Mount Vernon,
Dearbomville,
Fayetteville,
Charleston,
Little Rock,
San Antonio,
Benicia,
Bn. Capt. F. D.Callender,
Bn. Lt.-Col. J.W. Ripley,
Maj. John Symington,
Capt. R. H. K. Whiteley,
Bvt. Mai. A Mordecai,
Bn. Maj. P. V. Hagner,
Bn. Col. a Hugar,
Maj, W. H. Bell,
Bn. Maj.Q. D. Bamny,
Maj. Edward Harding,
IstLieuU T. J. Rodman,
1st Lt. Josiah Gorgas.
IstLl. R. A. Wainright,
Bn. Mai. T.T.S. Loidley,
Ist Lt. Cf. P. Kingsbury,
Bvt. Capt. A. B.Dyer,
Ist Lt. John McNult,
Bvt. Capt. C. P. Stone,
Regiment
and Corps.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
Ordnance.
There is a national armory at Springfield, Mass., James S. Whitney, Civil Superintendent,
and one at Harper's Ferxy, Va., , Ciril Superintendent. The Champlain Arsenal
and Ordnance Depot at Vergennes, Vt. ; the Rome, at Rome, N. Y. ; the Augusta, at Augus-
ta, Geo. ; the Apalachicola, at Chattahoochee, Fla. ; the St. Augustine, at SU Augustine, Fla. ;
and the Santa FA, at Santa FA, New Mexico, are under charge of military store-keepers.
The Bellona Arsenal is not «sed at prosent. An Ordnance Sergeant is at the post in charge
of the buildings and grounds.
5.
MEiLiTART Posts.
NoTB. —The garrisons of the posts marked thus * are given in the list as they will be \
ifter ceruln changes, now (Oct. 1, 1854} being made, are completed.
•
Posts.
State or Terri-
tory.
Post-Office.
Permanent Com-
mander.
Garrison.
Dbpa&tmbnt ov
THB East.
Fort SaUivan,
Fort Preble,
M-J». .
Portland',
Garrison
withdrawn.
Fort Constitution,
N. Hampshirt,
Porumouth,
(1
((
Fort Independence)
Massachusetts,
Boston,
Bn.Maj.Seott,4thart.
4th artillery.
Fort Warren,
((
tt
Not garrisoned.
Fort Adams, }
Fort Wolcott, S
Fort Trumbull,
Rhode Island,
Newport,
Garrison
withdrawn.
Connecticut,
New London,
tt
tt
Fort Hamilton,
New York,
New York,
BvtMaj.Morris,4art.
4th artiUeiy.
Fort Columbus,
N.Y.HaAor,
Lt.
Recruits.
Fort Wood,
tt
tt
Garrison
withdrawn.
^ort Lafeyette,
It
tt
((
((
Sort Niagara,
New York,
Youttgstown,
f(
^rt Ontario,
iadison Barracks,
^lattsburg Barracks,
tort Mifflin,
aurUsIe Barracks,
((
Oswego,
Capt. McGown, 4 art.
4th artillery.
tt
Backet's Harb.,
Garrison
withdrawn.
tt
Plattsburg,
Philadelpliia,
i«
((
Pennsylvania,
tt
tt
«j
n
Carlisle,
Bvt.BT.Gn.Hitchcock
2d infantry.
|IOrt McHenry,
i!0rt Washington,
Maryland,
Baltimore,
Bvt.Col.Gardner,l art.
lstfc2darL
(f '
F.Washington,
Garrison
withdrawn.
JrtMonroe,
Virginia,
Old P. Comfort,
Col. Crane, 1st arL
1st artillery.
j
»rt Johnson, >
)^t Caswell, \
North Carolina,
SmithviUe,
Garrison
withdrawn.
1
brt Macon,
(f
Beaufort,
"
tt
fert Moultrie,
South Carolina,
Charleston,
Bn.Ool.Dimick, 1 art.
1st artillery.
istlePinckney, )
PJJl Sumter, \
u
«
Garrison
withdrawn.
1855.]
ABKT UBT.
103
Posta.
O^ethorpo Barracks,
Fort Caproa,
Key West Rirxacks,
Fort Myers,
Fort Meade,
Fort Brooke,
Fort Pickens,
Barrancas Barracks,
Fort McBee,
Fort Marion,
Fort Mo^;an,
Baton Rouge Barracks,
Fort Pike,
Port Macomb,
Fort Jackson,
New Orieans Barracks,
Newport Barracks,
Fort Brady.
Port Mackinac,
Fort Gratiot,
Dbparthbnt of thb
Wbst.
Fort Qibsob,
Fort Smith,
Fort Washita,
Port Arbackle,
Fort Leavenworth,
Port Scott,
FortRipl^,
Port Snellinf ,
Port Ridgely,
Port Riley,
Port Laiamle,
Port Keaamjf
Dbpaktmbbft of
Tbzab.
PortMerrin,
Port Brown,
Ringgold Barracks,
Port Mdntosb,
Port Duncan,
Port Clark,
Port Inge,
Port McKavett,
Fort Ctaadbourne,
Port Belknap,
DxPAEtMSMT OF NbW
Mbzico.
Fort Bliss,
Fort Union,
Port Maicy,
.Fort Craig,
jFort Ffllmoxe,
.Fort Defiance,
Fort MasaachnsetU,
LasLunas,
Albnqueique,
Cantonment Bnrgwin,
PortTliom,
Rajado,
Sute or Terri-|i
toty.
Georgia,
Florida,
Louisiana,
Kentucky,
Michigan,
Arkansas,
It
II
Missouri,
Minnesota Ter,
i(
II
Nebraska Ter.,
Oregon Route,
Texas,
Savannah.
Indian River,
Key West,
Via Tampa,
Tunpa,
Pensacola,
St. Augustine,
MobUe, •
Baton Rouge,
Port Pike,
New Orleans,
II
Newport,
Sault S. Marie,
Mackinac,
Fort Gratiot,
New Mexico,
Fbet-Office.
BvL'MaJ. Haskin, 1 art.
OapL Vogdes, Ist art.
Capt. Pratt, 2d art
Bn. MaJ. Arnold, 2d art.
BvL Goi. Manroe, 2d art.
Ll-CoI. J. Erving, 2d art.
Garrison
Capt, W. F. Barry, 2d art.
Garrison
Port Gibson,
Fort Smith,
Fort Washita,
11
F.Leavenworth
Fort Scott,
Fort Ripley,
Fort Snelling,
Trav.des Sioux,
Via Fort Leav-
enworth, Mo.
Via Independ-
ence, Mo.,
Fia Austin, lo..
r.Corp. Christi
Brownsville,
R. Grande City,
Laredo,
r. San Antonio,
P. San Antonio
P.Inde{>'ce,Mo.
11
V. San Antonio.
r.Indep'ce,Mo.
Permanent Oomrnaadera.
Ist artlUery.
1st artillery.
2d artillery.
2d artiUery.
2d artillery.
2d artiUery.
withdrawn.
«
2d artiUery.
withdrawn.
Maj. Backus, 3d Inf.
Capt. Clarke, 4th art.
BvLMaj. WiUiams,4th art.
Garrison
Recruits.
4lh artillery,
4tb artillery,
withdrawn.
Lt-Col. Morrison, 7th inf.
Col. Wilson, 7lh inf.
Bvt. Lt.-Col. Bragg, 3 art.
Maj. Andrews, 7th inf.
Capu Hunt, 4lh Art.
Garrison
Bvt.Maj. Patten, 2d inf.
Capt. Sherman, 3d art.
Major Day, 2d inf.
Bvt. Lu-Cbl. Montgomery,
2d inf.
Bvt.Lt.-Col.Hoflfman,6 inf.
Oapi. Wharton, 6th inf.
Bvt. Lt. -Col. PorUr,riaes,
Maj. Porter, 4th art.
OpL Loomis, 5th inf.
Bvt. CoL Loring, 6th inf.
Col. Plympton, 1st inf.
Lt.Col Bainbridge, Ist inf.
Maj. Simonson, rifles,
Bvt. Col. May, 2d drag.
Capt. Calhoun. 2d drag.
Major Steen, 2d drag.
B vt.L. Col. Alexander.8 inf.
Capt. Macrae, 3d inf.
Bvt. Maj. Brooks, 3d inf
Bvt. Lt.'CoI.ChandIer,3inf
Capt. Johns, 3d inC
Brt. Maj. Kendrick, 2 art.
Bvt. Lt.Col. Brooks, 2 an.
Capt. Ewell, Ist drag.
Bvt. Maj.Carleton, Istdrag.
Maj. Blake, 1st Drag.
Bvt.Mai.Rlchardson, 3 inf.
1st Lt. Davidson, 1st drag.
Garrison.
7th infantry.
7th Infantry.
2d&3darU
7th infentry.
4th artillery,
withdrawn.
2d infantry.
3d artillery.
2d infantry.
2d infantry.
6th infantry.
6th infantry.
Mtd. rifles.
4th artiUery.
' Mtd. rifles, 4
art, & 5 inf.
Mtd. rifles, 1
art., & 5 inf.
fart. &l inf.
1st infantry.
Mtd. rifles.
2d dragoons.
2d dragoons.
2 drag. & 7 inf.
8th infantry.
3d infantry.
3d infantry.
3d infantry.
Idrag.&Sint:
2 art & 3 inf,
2d artillery.
Ist dragoons.
I drag. & 3 inf.
1st dragoons.
3d in&ntry.
1st dragoons.
104
UNITED STATES.
[1855.
Posta.
dspartmbnt of the
Pacifio.
Fort Yuma,
Mission of San Diego,
Fort Wilier,
Presidio of S.Francisco,
Benicia Barracks,
Fort Reading,
Fon Jones,
Fort Humboldt,
Fort Orford,
Fort Lane,
Fort Vancourer,
Fort Datles,
Steilacoom,
Military AcADBanr,
West Point,
Rbgbuitino Dbpots.
Fort Columbus,
Jefferson Barracks,
Newport Barracks,
State or Terri-
torj.
California,
Oregon,
Washington T.
it
tt
New Tork,
New York,
Missouri,
Kentucky,
Post-Office.
Via San Diego,
San Diego,
Stockton,
San Francisco,
Benicia,
Cottonwood,
Yreka,
Bucksport,
Port Orford,
Jacksonville,
Vancouver,
DaUesofCol»bla
Nesquaily,
West Point,
New York,
Jefftrson Baxr.
Newport,
Permanent Commander.
Bn. Maj. Thomas, 3d art.
Capt. Burton, 3d art.
1st Lt. Loeser, 3d ait.
Capt. Keyes, 3d art.
Bvt.Lt.-Col. Nauman, 3art.
Bvt. Col. Wright, 4th inf.
Capt. Judah, 4th inf.
Bvt.L.Col.Buchanan.4 inf.
2d Lt. Kauiz, 4ih Inf.
Capt. A. J. Smith, let dra^.
Li.-Col. Bonneville, 4 inf.
Maj. Rains, 4ih inf
Bvt. Maj. Larnard, 4 inf.
Bvt Col R.E.Lee,Engin*8
Lt.-Col. Abercrombie,2 inf.
Bvt. Col. Sumner, 1st drag.
Maj. Backus, 3d inf
Garrison.
Ist Jb3dart.
1st & 3d art.
3d artillery.
3d artillery.
3d artillery.
3dartac4ihinf
4th infantry.
4th infantry.
3d artillery.
1st dragoons.
3dart.&4thinf.
3dart.&4thinf.
4ih infantry.
Recniits.
Recruits.
Recruits.
6. Militia Forcs of thi United States.
Abstract of the United States Militia, from the Army Register f
9r 1854.
and
Territories.*
For
what
year.
Gen-
eral
Offi-
cers.
General
Staff
Officers.
Field
Officers,
&c.
Total
Gbmmis-
sioned
Officers.
Non-commis-
sioned Offi-
cers, Musi-
cians, Artifi-
cers,Privatea
AggTB'
gate.
Maine,
1«52
66,024
N. HampshiiB,
1863
13
64
307
877
^'^\
S'SS
33,576
Massachuseiu,
1863
10
42
27
605
584
139,772
140,356
Vermont,
1843
12
61
224
801
1,088
22,827
23,915
Rhode Island,
1862
6
23
53
29
111
15,858
15,969
Connecticut,
1862
3
13
66
213
294
54,097
64,391
New York,
1862
100
329
1,600
5,926
7,966
281,351
289,306
New Jersey,
Pennsylvania,
1862
81,984
1862
64
58
212
13,116
*3.^
Delaware,
1827
4
8
71
364
447
8,782
9,229
Maryland,
1838
22
168
544
1,763
2,397
44,467
46,864
Virginia,
1853
31
165
1,422
4,974
6,492
118,629
125,121
North Carolina,
1845
23
133
657
3,449
4,267
75,181
'^^•^
South Carolina,
1843
19
96
452
2,024
2,591
62,618
65,209
bSriS^
1860
39
91
624
4,296
5,050
73,649
78,689
1846
3
14
95
608
620
11,602
12,122
Alabama,
1851
32
142
775
1,883
2,832
73,830
76,662
Louisiana,
1861
16
81
190
987
1274
61,956
53,230
Mississippi,
1838
16
70
392
348
825
B'^t
*'2gS
Tennessee,
1840
25
79
869
2,644
3,607
67,645
71,252
Kentucky,
1862
43
145
1,165
3,617
4,870
84,109
88,979
Ohio,
1846
91
217
462
1,281
2,061
174,404
176,455
Michigan,
1862
30
124
401
2,203
2,793
61,906
64,669
Indiana,
1832
31
110
666
2,154
2,861
61,052
63,913
Illinois,
1861
30
99
1,297
3,192
4,618
165,741
170,359
Wisconsin,
1862
16
3
114
282
414
39,151
39,566
Missouri,
1844
45
94
790
2,990
3,919
^I'Si
61.000
Ijkansas,
1843
8
29
310
762
1,109
16,028
17,137
1847
15
45
248
940
1,248
18,518
19,766
giifornia,
1853
12
9
21
201,379
201,400
Minesou Ter.,
1861
2
5
7
1,996
2,003
OUh Ter.,
1863
2
48
235
285
2,636
2,821
D. of Columbia.
1852
3
10
28
185
226
7.976
8,201
Tot*l.
"758"
2.407
13,787
49,337
66.289
2.064.740
2,269,037"
* No returns from Iowa, and the Territories of New Mexico, Dragon, and Washington.
1855.]
AXMT U8T.
105
7. Tablb of Pat, Subsistihcb,
FORAGS,
«TC. OF Arxt Officsri.
Pat.
Subsist-
BNCB.
FORAOB.
Sbrvants.
20 cants
•8 p. mo.
^^liir-
for each
for each
^
Rank ano GLAssiFicAnoH ov
Ration.
Horse.
Private.*
£
1^
SI
1
8 *
II
Officbbs.
^
1 c
Of 1^
i
II
c .
= 1
II
1
Major-General,
^ooSo
16
^M
"T
w
4
962.00
i376.00
Senior Aid-de-camp to General- In-chief,
60.00
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
Aid-de-camp, besides pay of Lieutenant,
Brigadier-General
24.00
1
6
1
8
38.00
104.00
12
72
3
24
3
46.50
216.60
Aide-de-camp, besides pay of Lieutenant,
Adjutant-General, —Cblonel, .
20.00
1
8
28.00
90.00
6
36
3
24
2
33.00
183.00
Assistant Adj.-General, ~ LieuL-Colonel,
75.00
6
30
3
24
2
33.00
162.00
•' « ' Major, .
60.00
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
ti tt Captain,
50.00
4
24
1
8
1
16.60
9a50
Judge- Adrocate,— Major, .
60.00
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
90.00
6
36
3
24
2
33.00
183.00
Quartermaster-General, — Brig.-General,
Assistant Quarterm.-Gen., — Colonel, .
104.00
12
72
3
24
3
46.60
246.60
90.00
6
36
3
24
2
33.00
183.00
Deputy Quarterm.-Gen.,— Lieut-Colonel,
75.00
6
30
3
24
2
33.00
162.00
Quartermaster, — Major,
60.00
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
Assistant Quartermaster, — Captain,
ffl.lK.'
4
24
1
8
1
16.60
98.60
Conunissary-Gen. of Subsistence, — CoL,
dl.l.hf
6
36
3
24
2
33.00
183.00
Assist. Commissary-Gen., — LieuL-Col.,
7'iiw'
6
30
3
24
2
33.00
162.00
Commissary of Subsistence, —Major,
6'i<f>
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
" «' Cftptain,
Assistant Comm'y, besides pay of Lieut,
QH,lMi
4
24
1
8
1
16.60
98.60
2i.i.f.
20.00
Paymaster-General, «2,500 per annum, .
208.33
Deputy Paymaster-General, .
7r^ ^11 >
5
30
3
24
2
33.00
162.00
Paymaster,
6'>..:^i
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
Surgeon-General, $2,500 per annum, .
208.33
Surgeons of 10 years* service, .
eiKi!)
8
48
3
24
2
33.00
165.00
Surgeons of less than 10 yeara' service.
Assistant Surgeons of 10 yeara' service, .
&\iMI
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
Sr'.-Kt
8
48
1
8
1
16.50
122.60
" of 5 yeara' service.
fri.fyl
. 4
24
1
8
1
16.50
98.60
Assist. Surg, of less than 6 yeara' service.
3:1 cj
4
24
1
8
1
16.60
81.83
EhGIMBBRS, ToPOO. EnOINBBBS, AMD
Okonamcb Dbpartmbmt.
Colonel,
9U.f,0
6
6
36
30
3
3
24
24
2
2
33.00
33.00
183.00
162.00
Lieutenant-Colonel, ....
75.00
Major,
fOfV)
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
Captain,
r.i^i-}
4
24
1
8
1
16.60
98.60
First Lieutenant,
:^/-;3
4
24
1
8
1
16.60
81.83
Second Lieutenant (Brevet the same), .
:-i:i 3
4
24
1
8
1
16.50
81.83
MouMTBD Dragoons and Riflbmbn.
Colonel,
iio.r-o
6
36
3
24
2
33.00
183.00
Lieutenant-Colonel,
7.1. rO
6
30
3
24
2
33.00
162.00
Major,
(ii>.iO
4
24
3
24
2
33.00
141.00
Captain,
f.iP.rO
4
24
2
16
1
16.60
106.50
::] :t3
4
24
2
16
1
16.60
89.83
Second Lieutenant (Brevet the same), .
l^\ :i3
4
24
2
16
1.
16.60
89.83
Adj.& Reg. Q'rm'r, besides pay of Lieut,
)|>JJ0
10.00
Colond,
7o.00
6
36
3
24
2
31.00
166.00
LieutenantpCdonel,
60.00
6
30
3
24
2
31.00
145.00
Major,
60.00
4
24
3
24
2
31.00
129.00
Captain,
40.00
4
4
24
24
1
1
15.50
15.50
79.60
69.60
First Lieutenant,
30.00
Second Lieutenant (Bravet the same), .
Adj.and Reg.Q'rm'r, besides pay of Lieut.,
25.00
4
24
1
15.60
64.60
lOiOO
1
8
18.00
On January 1, 1854, the whole number of commissioned ofiicera in the r^ular army was
952; of non-commissioned offlcera, musicians, artificera, and privates, 9,377; total, 10,329.
♦ For the increased pay of the rank and file of the army, see " Titles and Abstracts of tha
PttUic Laws," No. 73, Ch. CCXLYH., post, p. 141.
106
UNTTBD STATES.
[1855.
IV. NAVY UST»
1. COMMAHDERS OF SQUADRONS.
John T. Newton,
Wm. D. Salter,
William Mervine,
Silas H. Stringbam,
Isaac MayO|
Matthew C. Perry,
Cadwalader Ringgold,
Commodore^
Commander,
Home Sqnadroo.
Coast of Brazil.
Pacific Ocean.
Mediterranean.
Coast of Africa.
East Indies.
N. Pacific Expedition.
Joseph Smoot,
F. H. Gregory,
Charles Boarman,
Charles Stewart,
2. Commanders of Naty Yards
Portsmouth.
Boston.
New York,
George W. Storer,
Hiram Paulding, Washington.
S. L. Breese, Norfolk.
Lawrence Rousseau, Pensacola.
Philadelphia.
3. Naval Asylum.
Governor^
Philadelphia.
4. Naval Academy.
Louis M. Goldsborough, Superintendent^
Annapolis, Md.
5. Officers of the Navy.
Captains, — 68.
Charles Stewart.
Charles Morris.
Stephen Cassin.
George C. Read,
a £. Ballard.
Jesse Wilkinson.
T. Ap C. Jones.
W. B. Shubrick.
Lawrence Kearny.
Foxhall A. Parker.
Da?id Conner.
John D. Sloat.
Matthew C. Perry.
C. W. Skinner.
John T. Newton.
Joseph Smith.
Lawrence Roussoau.
John J. Young.
Frederick Varnum.
Joseph R. Jarvis.
Saml. W. Le Compte.
Charles T. Piatt.
Wm. M. Armstrong.
William F. Shields.
G. J. Pendergrast.
George W. Storer.
F. H. Gregory.
Philip F. Voorhees.
David Geisinger.
Isaac McKeever.
J. P. Zantzinger.
William D. Salter.
Charles S. McCauley.
T. M. Newell.
E. A. F. Lavallette.
John PerciraL
John H. Aulick.
W. V. Taylor.
Bladen Dulany.
•S. H. Stringham.
Isaac Mayo.
WiUtam Merrine.
Thomas Crabbe.
Thomas Paine.
James Armstrong.
Joseph Smoot.
Samuel L. Breese.
Benjamin Page.
W. K. Latimer.
Hiram Paulding.
Uriah P. Levy.
Charles Boarman.
French Forrest.
William Jamesson.
Charles Gauntt.
William Ramsay.
Henry Henry.
Henry W. Q^den.
Thomas A. Conover.
■ Commanders, — 97.
William C. Nicholson.
Ed. W. Carpender.
John L. Saunders.
Joseph B. Hull.
John Stone Paine.
Thomas Petigru.
John S. Chauncey.
John Kelly.
William H. Gardner.
David G. Farragut.
Richard S. Pinckney.
Stephen B. Wilson.
T. Aloysius Domin.
Rob. B. Cunningham.
James Glynn.
Joseph Myers.
John C. LoDff.
John H. GranaiD.
James Mc. Mcintosh.
JosiahTattnalL
Hu(;h N. Page.
William Inman.
Stephen Champlin.
Joel Abbot.
Lewis E. Simonds.
Harrison H. Cocke.
William J. McCluney.
John B. Montgomery.
Horace B. Sawyer.
Cornelius K. Stribting.
Joshua R. Sands.
Charles H. Bell.
Abraham Bigelow.
Thomas R. Gedney.
Victor M. Randolph.
Frederick Engle.
John Rudd.
Robert Ritchie.
William W. McKean.
Franklin Buchanan.
Samuel Mercer.
♦ Corrected in the Navy Department, October, 1854.
1855.]
NAVY U8T.
107
L. M. Goldsborough.
George N. HoUins.
DuQcan N. Ingiaham.
Joha MarsUxi.
Hency Braces
Beiuy A. Adams.
William a Walker.
George F. Pearaon.
James T. Gerry.
John S. Nicholas.
Samuel F.Du Pont.
William L. Hudson.
George A. Blagruder.
John Pope.
Lenn HLPowelL
Charlea Wilkee.
EUsbaPeek.
Thomas J. Manning.
Thomas O. Selfridge.
Henry Euie.
Andrew KT Long.
G. J. Van Brunt.
WiUiam M. Glendy.
George S. Blake.
Z. F. Johnston.
WiUiam Green.
Samuel Barron.
TimothT G. Benham.
Oscar Bullus.
Charles H. Jackson.
Andrew A. Harwood.
Theodorus Bailey.
Hugh Y. Purriance.
6. Pay or the Navt, ftr annum.
Pay.
George Adams.
Cadwalader Binggold.
Wm. F. Lvnch.
Henry W. Morris.
Isaac S. Slerett.
Francis B. Ellison.
Edw. B. Boutwell.
Sidney Smith Lee.
Wm. C. Whittle.
Thompson D. Shaw.
Robert D. Thorburn.
Samuel Lockwood.
Lloyd B. NeweU.
William S. Ogden.
Frederick A. Neville.
Charles C. Turner.
John Manning.
Jamas L. Lardner.
Rotiert G. Bobb.
John Colhoun.
Thomas T. Craven.
Andrew H. Foots.
Wm W. Hunur.
Amasa Paine.
Edg. O. Tilon.
James H Ward.
Henry K. HoflT.
Murray Mason.
Charlea H. Davis.
Ebenezer Farrand.
Henry H. Bell.
Wm. Smith.
Captains, 6S, the senior one in service, • 4,500
" on leave,
Oiptains of squadrons.
Other captains on duty,
" on leave,
CoMaiANDRHS, 97, in sea service,
" at navy yards, or on
other duty,
" on leave, &c.,
LiKUTEif AMTS, 327, Commanding,
" on other duty,
" waiting orders,
SuBOBOiffs, 69, 1st 5 years in com.,
" in navy yards, &c.,
" in sea service,
" of the fleet,
" 2d 5 years, on leave,
" at navy yards, &c.,
" In sea service,
" of the fleet,
" 3d 5 years, on leave,
" at navy yards, Ac,
" in sea service,
" of the fleet,
" 4th 5 years, on leave,
" at navy yards, Ac.,
" in sea ssrvlce,
of the fleet,
" 20 years and upwards,
" on leave,
" at navy yards, &c
" in sea service,
" of the fleet,
Pabsbd Assistant Svbobons, 37.
Assistant Subobons, 43, waiting or>
ders,
alter passing, &c..
%m
3,600
4;000
3,500
8,600
2,500
8,100
1,800
1,800
1,500
i;
1,000
1,250
1,500
1,200
1,600
1,600
1,800
1,400
1,760
1,'
2,100
1,600
8,000
2,133
8,400
1,800
8,260
8,400
8,700
660
860
Assistant Suboboms, at sea,
" after passing, 1,800
at navy yards, 060
" after passing, 1,160
PUBSBBS, 64, from •! ,600 to 3,600
CHAPLAiNS,84,ln seaserv.orat oavy-yds, 1 ,600
" on leave, Ac., 1,000
Pbofbssobs of Mathematics, 13, 1,600
Mastbbs in the line of promotion, 14.
Passbo Midsbzpmbn, 194, on duty, 760
" waiting ordeis, 600
MiDSHiPMBNi 66, in sea service, 400
on other duty, 360
on leave, &e., 300
ACTIMO MlI^BIPMBN, 137,
Mastbbs, 17, of ship of the line at sea, 1,100
on other duty,
on leave, Ac.,
Sbcond Mastbb, 1, in sea service,
on other duty,
on leave,
M^stbb's Matbs, 8, on duty,
on leave.
Boatswains, 36
GUNNBBS, 47
Gabpbntbbs, 68
SAlLM^XBBS, 40 .
on leave, or waking :
1,000
760
760
600
400
460
300
600
shore duty, 700
sea service,4i 900
CHiBFENOiNBSBS,18,on duty,lst6 years, 1,600
" after 6 years, 8,000
on leave, 1st 6 years, 1,800
" after 6 years, 1,400
1st Assistant Enoinbbbs, 88, on duty, 1,000
on leave, 860
8d Assistant Enginbbbs, 29, on duty, 800
on leave, 600
3d Assistant Enoinbbbs, 41, on duty, 600
on leave, 400
NoTB. One ration per day only is allowed to each officer when attached to vessels for pea
service, since the passage of the law of the 3d of March, 1835, regulating the pay of the navy.
• They have an addition of 8 per cent, upon the foregoing rates for every year's sea service,
•nd an addition upon sea pay of 10 per cent, when serving in ships with 400 men. and 20 oer
I upon sea pay
cent, when serving in ships with 900 men.
108
UNITED STATES.
[1855.
7. Vxf ssLi or Wak of the Uititxd States Nayt. — Oct., 1854.
[The officers marked thus (*) hare the rank of Commandera ; thus (t), Lieutenants ;
the rest are Ct^ttains.}
Name and fate.— Guna.
Where and when builL
Commanded by
Ships qf the Line,
PennsTlTaniA,
U.
15»
80
Philadelphia,
1837
1819
In ordinary,
♦Andrew K. Long,
Rec^ ship, Norfolk.
OhioT *
84
New York.
Philadelphia,
1820
S^'^Vbo*-^
North Oandiaa,
84
1820
*ElishaPeck,
Delaware,
84
Norfolk, Va.,
1820
In ordinary.
Norfolk.
Alabama,
84
• • .
• • • •
On stocks, Ports'th.
Vermont,
84
Boston,
1848
In ordinary.
Boston.
Virginia,
84
. • •
• • • •
On stocks, Boston.
New York,
New Orleans,
rrigates. 13.
&i
" Norfolk.
84
66
.
" SacHar.
Pacific Ocean.
Boston,
1814
Josiah Tatnall,
60 Philadelphia,
1797
Inordinary,
*John Rudd,
Norfolk.
Oonstitntion,
60 Boston,
1797
Coast of Africa.
Potomac,
60
Washington,
1821
In ordinary.
Norfolk.
Brandy wine,
Columbia,
60
««
1826
In ordinary,
♦Stephen B. Wilson,
New York.
50
((
1836
Home Squadron.
Gong fees,
60
Portsmouth.
1841
In oralnary.
NewY^k.
60 Boston.
1842
♦A. A. Harwood,
Mediterranean.
Savannah,
60
New York,
1842
♦Samuel Mereer,
Coast of Braail.
Raritan,
60
Philadelphia,
1843
In ordinary.
Norfolk.
Santee,
60
• • >
,
* . • .
On stocks, Ports'th.
Sabine,
60
.
• • • •
N. York.
St. Lawrence,
60
Norfolk,
1847
♦W. W. Hunter,
Pacific Ocean.
Sloops of War. *
W.
CoostellatioQ,
22 Norfolk,
1864
In ordinary.
Norfolk.
Macedonian,
22;Capt'd 1812, reb't 1836
Joel Abbot,
East Indies.
John Adams,
1842
In ordinary,
♦Edw. B Boutwell,
Boston.
20Charleston,S.C.
,11799
Pacific Ocean.
Vincennes,
20iNewyork,
1826
tHenry Rolando,
N.Pacific Expedition.
Falmouth,
20 Boston,
1827
♦T. D. Shaw,
Home Squadron.
East Indies.
Vandalla,
20 Philadelphia,
1828
♦John Pope,
♦Henry W. Morris,
St. Louis,
20 Washington,
1828
Cyane,
20 Boston,
1837
In ordinary.
Boston.
Levant,
20lNewYork,
22{Portsmouth,
1837
*C. C. Turner,
Mediterranean.
Portsmouth,
1843
♦T. A. Domin,
Pacific Ocean.
Plymouth,
22 Boston,
1843
♦John Kellf ,
East Indies.
St. Mary's,
22 Washington,
1844
♦T. RaileyT
Pacific Ocean.
Jamestown,
22Norfolk,
1844
In ordinary,
♦James T. Gerry,
♦Wm. F. Lynch,
Philadelphia.
Albany,
22'NewYork,
1846
Home Squadron.
Germantown,
22 Philadelphia,
1846
Coast of Braxil.
Decatur,
IB New York.
16 Portsmouth,
1839
♦Isaac S.StereU,
Pacific Ocean.
Preble,
1839
Naval School Ship.
Marion,
16 Boston,
1839
♦HuffhY.PurvianCe,
♦Wiaiam C. Whittle,
Ooast of Africa.
Dale,
Brigs. 4.
Dolphin,
16 Philadelphia,
1839
Coast of Africa.
4 New York,
1836
In ordinary.
Norfolk.
Porpoise,
4iBoston,
1836
tA. B. Davis,
N. Pacific Expedition.
Bainbridge,
6l "
1842
tC. G. Hunter,
Coast of Brazil.
Perry,
elNoEfolk,
1843
In ordinary.
Norfolk.
Schooner.
•
Fenimore Cooper,
3
Purchased,
1853
tH. E. Stevens,
N.Pacific Expedition.
Steam Frigates.i
6.
Franklin,
Mississippi,
51
Rebuilding,
Portsmouth.
10 Philadelphia,
1841
♦S.S.Lee,
East Indies.
t Rebuilt at Norfolk, in 1831.
§ Under the act of the last session of Congress, authorising the construction of six steam
frigates, they are building as follows : the Merrimack at Boston ; the Niagara at New York ;
the Wabash at Philadelphia; the Minnesota at Washington; the Roanoke and the Colorado
"4^ Norfolk ; each to carry 60 guns.
L^-_
1855.]
THE MABINB CORPS.
109
sod Rate. — Gnna. When ood wlien buill.
Fbwl
Sni Jacinto,
Fnltoii,
Michigan,
Alleghany,
Len than Id CZoae,
Yizea,
Waier- Witch,
Philadelphia,
Norfolk,
Portsmouth,
New York,
S New York, 1S43
^Boaton,rat)iiilt, 1861
New York,
Erie, Pft.,
10Pitubiug,Fh.,
Engineer,
John Hancock,
Storeaikjw. 7.
Warren,
Belief,
Lexington,
Soathampum,
Fredonia,
John P. Kennedy,
PermanentRee*gye»
Ontario,
Union (Slfeamer),
1860 «F,
. Buchanan,
IdeOiWm. J. McCluney,
) John C. Long,
1850|c. K. Slribling,
1837 1:
John K. MitcheU,
1843 *J. S. Nicholas,
ordinary,
1846 In
Purchand,
Washington^
Transfd from W. D.
1845
Purchased,
2 Boston,
Boston,
Philadelphia,
New York,
Norfolk,
Purchased,
Purchased,
.2
18 Baltimortt,
'Norfolk,
1S46
1860
1826
1836
1825
1845
Commanded by
♦aEagto,
1846 In ordinary,
tTbomas J. Page,
f R. W. Meade,
Tbnder,
tJohn Rodgen,
tD. McDougal,
tS. C. Rowan,
tJno. J. Olasson,
tJ. J. Bof Je,
tArthur Sinclair,
1846 tT. D.Johnston,
1863tN. OoUins,
18l3*RobertG. Robb,
1842 »Frederick Engle.
Where stationed.
East Indies.
East Indies.
Mediterranean.
Baltic.
Home Squadron.
Home Squadron.
Lakes.
Washington.
Nsw York.
River La Plata. .
Paciflc.
Norfolk.
N.PaeificBxpedltioo.
Sui Francisco.
Snail.
East Indies.
East Indies.
East Indies.
Valparaiso.
N.AciflcEzpsdiUon
Baltimore.
Philadelphia.
V. THE MARINE CORPS.
The Manae Corps has the organization of a brigade. The pay and al-
lowances of the officers of the Marine Corps are similar to those of offioars
of the same grades in the infantry of the Armyi except the adjutant and in-
spector, who faa^e the same pay and allowances as the paymaster of the
Marines; namely, about $2^800 per annum. The Marine Corps is subject
to the laws and regulations of the Navy, except when detached for serrice
with tfae Amy by the order of the President of the United States. The
head-quarters of the Corps are at Washington.*
f Archibald Henderson, Colonei'Cammandanl.
General Staff.
t Parke G. Howie,
7 William W. Russell,
t Aug. A. Nicholson,
§ George F. Lindsay,
Miller.
Mi^ort,
John Harris,
MjutatU ^ Jfupeetor.
Paynutster,
Qparternuuter.
JlssUtant i^rtermaster,
James Edelin,
William Dulany,
Thomas S. English.
* There are 13 Capuins, 20 First Lieutenants, and 20 Second UsutenanU. The number
of non-commissioned officers, musicians, and pri rates Taries; it may arerage 1,100 men.
t BrigadierGeneral by breret. 1 With the rank of Major. § With the rank of Captain.
10
110 tmiTED STATES. [1855.
VI. THE JUDICIARY.
SuPRSMs Court.
Residence. Appointed. Salarj.
Roger B. Taney, Baltimore, Md., Chief JustUe, 1836, $5,000
John McLiean, Cincinnati, Ohio, Associate Justice^ 1829, 4,500
Jameg M. tVayne, Savannah, Ga., " 1835, 4,500
John Catron, Nashville, Tenn., " 1837, 4,500
Peter V. Daniel, Richmond, Va., « 1841, 4,500
Samuel Nelson, Cooperstown, N. Y., " 1845, 4,500
Robert C. Grier, Pittsburg, Pa., « 1846, 4,500
Benj. Robbins Curtis, Boston, Mass., ^ 1851, 4,500
John A. Campbell, Mobile, Ala. <« 1853, 4,500
C. Cashing, of Mass., Washington, D. C, Attorney- General, 1853, 8,000
Benj. C. Howard, Baltimore, Md., Reporter, 1843, 1,300
William T. Carroll, Washington, D. C, Clerk, Fees, &c.
The Supreme Court is held in the city of Washington, and has one ses-
sion annually, commencing on the 1st Monday of December.
Circuit Courts.
The United States are divided into the following nine Judicial Circuits,
in each of which a Circuit Court is held twice every year, for each State
within the Circuit, by a Justice of the Supreme Court, assigned to the Circuit,
and by the District Judge of the State or District in which th^ Court sits.
Presiding Judge.
Ist Circuit, Mafn«, N. Hampshire, Mass., and R. I., Mr. Justice Curtis.
Sd ** Vermont, Connecticut, and New York, Mr. Justice Nelson.
3d •* New Jersey and Pennsylvania, Mr. Justice Grier.
4th '* Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia^ Mr. Ch. Justice Taney.
5th ^* Alabama, Louisiana, and Kentucky, Mt. Justice Campbell.
6th " N. Carolina, S. Carolina, and Georgia, Mr. Justice Wayne.
7th ** Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan, Mr. Justice McLean.
8th ^' Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri, Mr. Justice Catron.
9th ** Mississippi and Arkansas, Mr. Justice Daniel.
The States of Florida, Texas, Iowa, Wisconsin, and California have not yet been attached
to any Circuit, but the District Oourts have the power of Circuit Courts, ^d the District
Judges act as Circuit Judges. There Is a local Ciccuit Court held in the Di9rict of Colum-
bia, by three judges specially appointed for that purpose. This Chief Justice of that Court
sits also as District Judge of that District.
Places ▲iro Times of Holding thx CIrcvit Coubxs.*
Maink, • . . ' . Portland, 23d April and 23d September.
New Hamip801RE) . Portsmouth, 8th May ; — Exeter, 8th October.
VERMONT, .... Windsor, 21st May ; — Rutland, 3d October.
* For the Terms in iheiStates not attached to any Circuit, see Terms oflhe District Courts
in those Sutes. For the Terms in the District of Columbia and the Territories, tteejoost.
Part in.
1855.]
JUDIGIABT.
Ill
MASSACBirBBTTS,
Rhsok Islahd, * .
jCoitskcticut, .
N. York, S. Dist., .
N. York, N. Dist.,
New Jkrset, . .
Pens., E. Dist.,
Pehh., W. Dist., .
Delaware, . . .
Martlard, . . .
YiRGiRiA, £. Dist.,
YlRGIRIA, W. Dist.,
North Carolira, .
South Carolira, .
Georgia, N. Dist.,
Georgia, S. Dist., .
Alabama, . . .
Mississippi, . . .
Louisiana, . • .
Terressbs, . . .
Kentucky,
Ohio, . .
MiGHIGAV,
Irdiara, .
Illirois, .
Missouri, .
Arxarsas,
1, 15th May and 15th October.
JWtoporl, 15th June ; — Providence, 15th Noyember.
JV«t0 Haven, 4th Tuesday in April ; — Hartford, 3d
Tuesday in September.
JVeto York, 1st Monday in April and 3d Monday in
October ; and a special term for criminal cases and
suits in equity on the last Monday in February.
Albany, 3d Tuesday in October and 3d Tuesday in
May ; — Canandaigua, Tuesday next after 3d
Monday in June.
Trenton, 4th Tuesday in March and September.
Philadelphia, 1st Monday in April and October.
Pittsburg, 2d Monday in May and November; —
WiUiamspori, 3d Monday in June and September.
J^eufcastle, 3d Tuesday in June and October.
Baltimore, 1st Monday in April and November.
Richmond, 1st Monday in May and 4th Monday in
Noyember.
Lewisburg, 1st Monday in August.
Raleigh, 1st Monday in June and last Monday in
November.
Charlton, Wednesday preceding the 4th Monday in
March ; — Columbia, 4th Monday in Noyember.
Marietta,* 2d Monday in March and September.
Savannah, 2d Monday in April ; — MiUedgemlUj
Thursday after 1st Monday in Noyember.
Mobile, 2d Monday in April and 4th Monday in
December.
Jackson, 1st Monday in May and November.
Jfeu) Orleans, 4th Monday in April and Ist Monday
in November.
JfashviUef 1st Monday in Mar^ and September ; -—
KnoxviUe, 3d Monday in April and October; —
Jackson, 2d Monday in October and April.
Frankfort, 3d Monday in May and October.
Columbus, 3d Tuesday in April and October.
Detroit, 3d Monday in June and 2d Monday in Oct.
IndiafutpoUs, 3d Monday in May and November.
Springfield, Ist Monday in July and 3d Monday
in December ; — Chicago, 3d Tuesday in April
and Ist Tuesday in October.
St. Louis, 1st Monday in April and (special) Oct.
UttU Rock, 2d Monday in April.
* This eoart is held by the District Judge, with special authority to exercise the powers
and JunadictioB of a Judge of the Circuit CoorU
112
UNITED 8TATBS. [1855.
* WSrKKTT COUBTB:— JUDGES, AITOBNBYS,
Districts.
[ Dist
iMalna,
2lN. Han
Judges.
Residence.
[ Atu
Georael
JohnH.
Attornejrs. *
Residence
Hampshire,
Vermont,
Moseachiisetts,
AshurWan,
MaUhew Harreyi
Samuel Prentiss,
Oonnecticut,
New Jersey,
p.. j^*'
Delaware.
Maryland,
V. 5E. Dist.
^■- {W.Dist.
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
^3^ (N.Dist.
***• J& Dist.
WtL
N. Dist.
S. Dist.
N. Dist
M.Dist.
& Dist
John
Charles A. IngersoU,
Nathan K. Hall,
Samuel R. Betto,
Philemon Dickerw>n,
John K. Kane,
Tliomas Irwin,
WiUani HaU,
Wm. F Giles,
Jas. D. Hallyburton,
J.W.Brockenbrough,
Henry Potter,
Robert B. Gilchrist,
|joh&GNicoIl,
Isaac R Branson,
William ManHn,
> John Gayle,
Dist Thomas
Portland,
Concord.
Montpelier,
Boston,
Providence,
New Haven,
Bufialo,
New York,
Paterson,
Philadelphia,
Pittsburg,
Wilgnington,
Baltimore,
Richmond,
Lexington,
Fayetteville,
Charieeton,
Sayannah,
F. Shepley,
John^. George,
Lnclus B. Peck,
Benj. F. Hallett,
Georre H. Browne,
W. D. Shipman,
8ami B. Oanrin,
John McKeon,
O. S. Gannon,
James C. Vandyke,
Charles Shaler,
Thos. F. Bayard,
Wm. M. Addison,
John M. Gregory,
Fleming B. Miller,
Robert P. Dick,
Thoe. Evans,
George S. Owens,
MiM SN.Dist.
^'•••Js. Dist
r_ 5 E. Dist.
^ ?W.Dist
Texas,
(W.Dlst
Tenn. < M.Dist
(E. Dist.
Kentucky,
Ohio,
35 Indiana,
36 Dlinois,
*** Missouri,
Michigan,
{sam
Ark. '
fi.Dlst.
W.Dlst
N.Dlst
M.Dist
S. Dist
WiscoDsii
CaL
lowa^
( N. Dist
{S. Dist
Samuel J.Gholson,
Theo. H. McCaleb,
Henry Boyce,
John C. Watrous,
> W. RHumphreys,
Thomas B. Monroe,
H. H. Leavitt,
E. M. Huntington,
T. Drumnionclj
Robert W. Wells,
Ross Wilkins,
> Daniel Rlngo,
John S. Dyer,
Andrew G. Miller,
Ogdenl!bfllman,Jr.
Isaac S . K. Og ier,
St August'e,
Key West,
Mobile,
Athens,
N. Orleans,
Alexandria,
Galveston,
NashvlUe,
>1
Frankfort,
Steubenville,
Cannelton,
Jeifson CSty,
Detroit,
Little Rockj
Dubuque,
Milwaukee,
S. Francisco,
Los Angeles,
Portland,
Concord,
Montpelier,
Boston,
Providence,
East Haddam,
Utica,
New York,
Bordentown,
Philadelphia,
Pittsburg,
Wilmington,
Baltimore.
Richmona,
Fincastle,
Greensboro,
Marion,
Savannah,
Chandler C. Yonge,
Wm. R. Hackley,
( Geo. S. Walden,
( A. J. Requier,
S John A. Orr,
?H. J. Harris,
E. Warren Moise,
Peter Alexander,
Samuel D. Hay,
Richard J. Hays,
Thos. B. Childress,
J. C. Ramsey,
C. C. Rogers,
Daniel O. Morton,
Benj. M. Thomas,
Thomas Hoyne,
Thos. C Reynolds,
Geo. E. Hand,
J.W.M'Oonaughey,
Alfred M. Wilson,
Joseph C. Knapp,
J, R. Sharpstein,
S. W. Inge,
Pkclfieos Ord,
Mariana,
Key West,
Centre,
Mobile,
Ripley,
Vicksburg,
New Orleans,
ShreveiMrt,
Huntsvilie,
Jackson,
Nashville,
Knoxville,
Lexington,
Toledo,
Vincennes,
Chicago,
Si. Louis,
Detroit,
Searcy,
Fayetteville,
Keosauqua,
Madison,
San Francisco,
Los Angeles.
Placei ahd Timss or Holdihg the District CouRTi.f
Maive, WiscoBStt^ lit Tueadaj in September; — Portland^
iBt Tuesday in Februarj and December ; — Banr
gor^ 4th Tuesday in Jane.
New Hahpihire, . Portsmmttk^ 3d Taesday in March and September ;
— JSxeter, 3d Tuesday in June and December.
Vermovt, . . • i{tt<2aiu2, 6th October;— ^ini2f or, 24th May.
Massachusetts, . Boston^ 3d Tuesday in March, 4th Tuesday in June,
2d Tuesday in Sept., and 1st Tuesday in Dec.
* Corrected at the office of the Attorney-General, October 20, 1864. For the Judges, &c. of
the Territories and District of Columbia, see the Territories, ftc respectively, pott, Fttrt IH.
t For the District of Columbia and the Territories sse posT, Put 111.
1855.]
JUDICIABT.
113
BiABSHALS, AND CLERKS.
Geo. W. Stanley,
Samuel Tillon,
3 Charles Chapin,
4 Watson Freeman,
5 Francis C. Gardiner,
Curtiss Bacon,
John M. Mott,
Abrm. T. Hillyer,
George H. Nelden,
Francis M. Wynkoop,
Weatley Frost,
Wm. Morrow,
13 John W. Watkins,
John F. Wiley,
J. T. Martin,
16 Wesley Jones,
17|Thoma8 D. Condy,
i John R. Johnson,
20
Marshals.
Residence.
Elias R Blackburn,
F. J. Moreno,
Benj. Patteson,
Cade M. Godbold,
Charles B. Jordon,
Richard Griffith,
Joseph M. Kennedy,
28 Henry H. Womack,
29 Benj. McCulloch,
30 Robert J. Chester,
Jesse B. Clements,
32 Wm. M. Lowrey,
33Tbos. J. Young,
Jabez W. Fitch,
35|john L. Robinson,
/Wilton,
37 Thomas S. Bryant,
Geo. W. Rice,
John Quindley,
40 Samuel M. Hays,
41
42
43
44 & y. R. Ableman,
45 Wm. U. Richardson,
46 Edward Hunter,
Laurel Summers,
Auy:u7£li^
SaubofEiurn Br,
BfatHeiiord,
Bi"=iijji,
Pn-'Vicli^rir.f^
aiii]i]letnwii,
LjinsijpSibiir^,
New Yhck^
, PhHuiJulplil.'s,
iBnjwDsvilli!,
,Wi!mifig1oii,
'BahJTiiorBi
JAmeliaC, H.
Cilarltistonj
SavajTiDnhj
MontlceUd^
Ivej WeBl,
HimtHViilH,
Stocktpn,
A ah Crcfekj
JackNfui,
Nei¥ Orleang,
GalvesiMi^
Jiick^oii,
OneotivjiJe,
Fmnkfyri:,
Cft]ve<laiul,
iiidjannpolijs^
Cbica^D,
J^fTDnjoii Ciiy,
iC.ilariiBj^j-it,
Duver^
Le Claire,
J^n Francisco,
Pay.
»200t
200t
200t
*
200t
200t
200t
*
200t
200t
20Qt
*
200t
200t
*
200t
200f
200t
200t
200t
200t
200t
200t
200t
200t
200t
200t
200t
200f
200t
200t
200t
200t
200t
200t
200t
200t
Clerks. I
Wni.P. Preble, Jr.
Albert R. Hatch,
Edw. H. Prentiss,
Seth E. Sprague,
John T. Pitman,
Alfred Blackman,
Aurelian Conkling,
Goo. W. Morion,
Philemon Dickerson
Thomas L. Kane,
John D W. While,
L. E. Wales,
Thomas Spicer,
P. Mayo,
Erasmus Stribling,
John M. Jones,
H. Y. Gray,
W. H. Hunt,
^ George Gten,
tGeo.W.Hutchins,!
I G. N. Fairbanks,
I Joseph S. May,
R. B. Smith,
. A. Pinkney,
B. F. Moore,
P. H. S. Gale.
John Fitts,
R. W. Edmundson,
W. H. Brown,
N. R. Jennin^,
T. H. Thompson,
James Love,
James L. Talboll,
Jacob McGavock,
Jas. W. Campbell,
John A. Munroe,
William Miner,
John H. Rea,
William Pope,
Jason Harrison,
Wm. D. Wilkins,
William Field,
T. S. Parrin,
R. K. Miller,
John A. Monroe,
A. S. Taylor.
Residence.
Pay.
Portland,
Fe«^
Portsmouth,
Montpelier,
tl
Boston,
"
Providence,
(1
New Haven,
((
Auburn,
<(
New York,
"
Paterson,
<«
Philadelphia,
((
Pittsburg,
«
Wilmington,
«
Baltimore,
'«
Richmond,
((
Staunton,
H
Edenton,
t<
Charleston,
tt
Marietta,
(I
Savannah,
tt
Tallahassee,
*<
St. Augustine,
Apalachicola,
tt
tt
Tallahassee,
tt
Key West,
tt
Tuscaloosa,
tt
Mobile,
u
Pontotoc,
It
Jackson,
tt
New Orleans,
tt
St. Joseph's,
tl
Galveston,
tt
Jackson,
tt
Nashville,
tt
Knoxville,
tt
Frankfort,
tt
Columbus,
tt
Indianapolis,
tt
Springfield,
Jefferson City,
tt
tt
Detroit,
tt
Little Rock,
tt
Bloomlngton,
It
Milwaukee,
tt
San Francisco,
Rhodz Iblakd, . . J^Tewporty 2d Tues. in May and 3d Tues. in October; —
Providence, 1st Tuesday in February and August.
Connecticut, . . Jfew Haven, 4th Tuesday in February and August ;
7- Hartford, 4th Tuesday in May and November.
New York, S. Dlst, Jfew York, Ist Tuesday in each month.
* Fees, &c. t And Fees.
2 The Clerks of the Cirtuit Courts, where they are not also Clerks of the District Courts,
are as follows: — Portland, Me., George F. Emery. Boston, Mass., Henry W. Fuller.
New York, N. Dist., A. A. Boyce ; S. Dist., John W. Nelson* Pennsylvania, E. Diet.,
George Plitt ; W. Dist., Henry Sprowl. Virginia, W. Dist., R. W. Moore. North Carolina,
W. H. Haywood. Louisiana, E. Diet., J. W. Garley. Kentucky, John A. Moore. Indiana,
Horace Bassett. Michigan, John Winder. Missouri, B. F. Hickman. Florida, S. Diet.,
T. A. Piaknef . Oftlifbrnia, SamMl Pbwer.
10»
114
UNITED STATES.
[1855.
Nbw Jersbt,
Delaware, . .
Marylaitd, . . .
ViROiiriA,E. DiBt.,
New York, N. Diit, Albany, 3d Tuesday in Janoarj ; — UUea, fid Tuesday
in July ; — RoekuUr^ 3d Tuesday in May ; — ^tt-
hum^ 3d Tuesday in August ; ^ Buffah^ 2d Tues-
day in November; — one term annually in the
county of St. Lawrence, Clinton, or Franklin,
at such time and place as the Judge may direct
TrentoUf 3d Tuesday in January, April, June, and
September.
PEVifSYLTANiA, E. Dist., PkUoddphia, 3d Monday in February, May, Au-
gust, and November.
Penkstlvaitia, W. Dist., Pittsburgh 1st Monday in May and 3d Monday in
October ; — WUUamtport, 3d Monday in June and
1st Monday in October.
JftweoMtUyOn the 2d Tuesday of January, April, June,
and September.
Baltimore^ 1st Tuesday in March, June, September,
and December.
Richmond J 12th May and 12th November ; — Abr-
folk, 30th May and 1st November.
ViROiHiA, W. Dist., StauntoHj 1st May and 1st October ; ^ WytkeoHU^
Wednesday after 3d Monday in April and Sep-
tember; — Charleston^ Wednesday after 2d Mon-
day in April and Sej^mber ; — Clarksburg^ last
Monday in March and August ; — Whedmgy Wed-
nesday after 1st Monday in April and September.
Edenton^ 3d Monday in April and October; —JV*si0-
6en», 4th Monday in April and October; — ffil'
mingtoHf 1st Monday after 4th Monday in April
and October.
South Caroliha, E. Dist, Charleston^ 3d Monday in March and Sept^
Ist Monday in July, and 2d Monday in Deo.
South Carolina, W. Dist., Laurens Court-House, the next Tuesday after
the adjournment of the Circuit Court at Columbia.
Marietta^ 2d Monday in March and September.
Savannah^ 2d Tuesday in February, May, August
and November.
Tallahassee^ 1st Monday in January ; — Apalaehieola
1st Monday in February ;*— Pensacola^ 1st Mon-
day in March ; — St. Augustine, 1st Monday in April.
Key West, 1st Monday in May and November.
HunUmlUy 2d Monday in May and November.
AlarahAj Mid. Dist., Montgomery, 4th Monday in May and November.
Alarum A f 3. Dist., Mobile, 4th Monday in April and 2d Monday after
4th Monday in November.
Miflii»sir>*i) N. Dist., Pontotoc, Ist Monday in June and December.
MiasiasirFi, S. Dist., Jackson, 4th Monday in January and June.
North Carolina, .
Geoeoja, N. Dist,
Georgia, S* Dist.«
Florida, N Dist., .
Florida, 3, Dist.,
Alabama, N. Dist,
1655.] INTEBCOUltSS WITH rOBBIOK KATIOITO. lift
LouiMAHA, E. Digt., JV«io OrlMiw, 3d Monday in Febmaiy, Maj, and No-
rember.
LovisiAiTAy W. DiBt., Opdtnuaw^ Ist Monday io Augasi ; ^~ MtxandriUf lit
Monday in Septembor ; •«- 54rev<jiorf , lat Monday
in October; — Monroe^ Ist Monday in NoTomber ;
— St, JoBcpVMj lat Monday in December.
Texas, .... CtolvtsUm^ Ist Monday in February, and once in each
year at Aostin, Tyler, and Brownsville.
TzvHKSSBK, E. Dist., KnoxvUle, 3d Monday in April and October.
Tenkkssse, M. Dist, MuhvUU^ 1st Monday in March and September.
Teitiibssee, W. Dist., JiuksoHf 2d Monday in October and April.
Kehtvckt, . . . Fran/tfitrt, 3d Monday in May and October.
Ohio, CMumftttf, 3d Tuesday in April and October.
MiGHXOAir, • . • DetraUf 3d Monday in June and 2d Monday in Oct
IvDXAVA, .... IndianapoUSf 3d Monday in May and Noyember.
iLLiHOia, «... Springfield^ Ist Monday in July and 3d Monday id
December; — Chicago^ 3d Tuesday in April and
1st Tuesday in October.
Missonu, .... Jeftrson CUfff 1st Monday in March and September.
Aekahsas, E. Dist, LiUU Roek, 1st Monday in April and October.
AnXAffSAS, W. Dist, Van Bttren, 2d Monday in May and Norember.
Iowa, N. Dist., . . Dubuque^ Ist Monday in January and July.
Iowa, Mid. Dist., . Jowa City^ 1st Monday in May and October.
Iowa, S. Diet., . . Burlington^ 3d Monday in May and October.
Wxsooirsiir, . • • MUtoaukee^ 1st Monday in January ; — Madison^ 1st
Monday in July.
CALiromriA, N. Dist, San Frtmdseop Ist Monday in June and December ;
Califoriiia, S. Dist, Afoiilsrey, 1st Monday in June; — Lot Jingdes^ laX
Monday in December.
VII. INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.
The pay of Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary is
$9,000 per annum, as salary, besides $9,000 for outfit The pay of
Secretaries of Legation is $ 2,000 ; of Ministers Resident, $ 6,000.
The United States are represented by Minbters Plenipotentiary at the
courts of Great Britain, France, Russia, Pmssia, Spain, Mexico, Brazil,
Chili, Peru, and Central America ; and by Ministers Resident at the courts
of most of the other foreign powers with which this country is much con-
nected by commercial intercourse.
116
UHITBB STATSS*
[1855.
1. MlHMTBRS AVD DIPLOMATIC AoXHTS OF TBE UnITXD StATBS
19 FoRKiOH Countries.
[Oomcted in the Department of Suite, OctDber, 1664.]
Enooyg Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary.
James BachaDan,
Thos. H. Seymour,
John Y. Mason,
Pierre Soul^,
Peter D. Vroom,
James Gadsden,
William Trousdale,
David A. Starkweather, Ohio.
John R. Clay,
Appointed.
Pa.
1853
Conn.
1853
Va.
1853
La.
1853
N.J.
1853
S.C.
1853
Tenn.
1853
Ohio.
1854
Pa.
1853
Foreign Sutes.
Great Britain,
Russia,
France,
Spain,
Prussia,
Mejiico,
Central Amer.
Brazil,
Chili,
Peru,
Ministsrs Resident.
Carroll Spence,
Theodore S. Faj,
August Belmont,
John M. Daniel,
Henry Bedinser,
Henry R. Jackson,
J. J. Seibels,
Robert D. Owen,
Francis Schroeder,
John L. O'SuUivan,
Lewis Cass, Jr.,
John W. Dana,
Philo White,
James A. Peden,
James 8. Green,
Charles Eames,
John L. Marling,
John H. Wheeler,
Robert M. McLane,
Dayid L. Gregg,
Md.
Mass.
N. Y.
Va.
Va.
Ga.
Ala.
Ind.
R.I.
N.Y.
Mich.
Me.
Wise.
Fa.
Mo.
DC.
Tenn.
N. C.
Appointed.
1853
1853
1853
1853
1853
1853
1853
1853
1849
1853
1848
1853
1853
1854
1853
1854
1854
1854
Foreign Bute.
Turkey,
Switzerland,
Netherlands,
Sardinia,
Denmark,
Austria,
Beiffium,
Naples,
Sweden,
Portugal,
Rome,
Bolivia,
Ecuador,
Buenos Ayres.
New Granada.
Venezuela.
Guatemala.
Nicaragua.
Danl. E. Sickles,
R. A. Erving,
Commissioners.
Appointed. Foreign States.
China, Canton.
( Hawaii, Ho-
( nolulu.
Secretaries of Legation
Md
111.
1853
1853
Capitals.
London.
St. Petersburg.
Paris.
Madrid.
Berlin.
Mexico.
Rio Janeiro.
Santiago.
Lima.
CapluL
Constantinople.
Berne.
Hague.
Tunn.
Copenhagen.
Vienna.
Brussels.
Naples.
Stockholm.
Lisbon.
Rome.
Chuquisaca.
Quito.
Salary.
$5,000
5,000
Horatio J. Perry,
Frederick. A. Beelen,
William G. Mann,
Spain.
Chili.
Brazil.
Mexico.
Peru.
England.
Russia.
Peter Parker (and Chinese
Interpreter)^ China. Salary, $ 2,500 John Cripps,
Donn riatt, France. James C. Marriott,
O. J. Wise, Prasma.
John P. Brown, Dragoman^ Turkey. Salary, $2,500.
Commission^ under Convention wicA Great Britain qf 1853, on the SuJbjeet of
Gaims,
N. G. Upham, of New Hampshire, Jhnerican Commissioner. Salary not to
exceed $ 3,000 per annum.
John A. Thomas, of N. York, ^gsnt to Commission, Salary not defined.
f
1855.]
INTEBCOUBSS ITXTR VOEBIOir KATIOim.
U7
2. List of Consuli and Commercial Aosvts of wz United States
ur FoREioN Countries, and the Places of tpeir Residence.
[Oorroetal in the Departmeot of State, October 12, 1864.]
tor Thoae marked thus (*) are Cbmmercial Afeots.
Africa*
*Jame8W.Lugenbeel,MonTOTia.
— -, RWer Djeb.
John F. Webb, Zanzibar.
*John G. Willis, St. Pauls de Loando.
Argentine Republic, or Buenos
Atres.
Joseph Graham, Buenos Ayres.
Wm. H. Smiley, Rio Negro.
Austria.
George W. Lippett, Vienna.
William A. Buffnm, Trieste.
D. Macaully, Venice.
Baden.
, Mannheim.
Bar^art States.
George V. Brown, Tangier ,Mor'co.
Wm. P. Chandler, Tunis, Tunis.
M. J. Gaines, Tripoli, Tripoli
Bataria.
Chas. Obermeyer, Augsburg.
Philip Geisse, Nuremberg.
Beloium.
Alob D. Gall, Antwerp.
Brazil.
Henry B. Dewey, Para.
William Lilley, Pemamboco.
RobL G. Scott, Rio Janeiro.
Robert S. Cathcart, St Catherine's Id.
Alfred H. Hanscom, Rio Grande.
John R. Bennett, Bahia de San SalT
Alez. Thompson, Maranham Isl.
Central America.'
., Guatemala.
C Omoa and Tru-
I zillo (Hond.).
iSan Juan de Ni-
caragua.
Chili.
Reuben Wood, Valparaiso.
William Crosby, Talcahuano.
Saml. F. Hariland, Coquimbo.
China.
Paul S. Forbes, Canton.
Thomas H. Hyatt, Amoy.
Townsend Harris, Ningpo.
Caleb Jones, Fouchon.
Robt. C. Murphy, ShanghaL
Robt. P. DesiWer, fMacao
Fred. T. Bush, IHong Kong.
Costa Rica.
M. L. Hine, San Jos6.
Denmark.
— , Copenhagen.
H. T. A. Rainals, Elsineur.
D. Kohlsaat, Altona.
WestlndieM.
Dayid Rogers, Santa Cruz.
^Chas. J. Helm, St. Thomas.
Ecuador.
M. P. Game, Guayaquil.
EoTPT, Pofkalie qf.
Edwin D.L.on. {SS)^'''
^William ^ndguist, Suez.
« France.
McRae, Paris.
Wm. H. Vesey,
Levi K. Bowen,
A. Follin,
*Joiu W. Fabens,
U. C. Matsdil, La Union, S. Salrador.
*Wm. F.Boone,
George S. Pardee,
Realejo.
S. Juan del Sud.
J. B. C. Antoine,
William Day,
Hypolite Roqnes,
EUlw. B. Buchanan,
John P. SulliTan,
C. Audouy, Napoleon Vendee.
Wtsl Jndiet.
!Pointe4-Pitre,
Gua^aloope.
Havre.
Boardeauz.
Maiseilles.
Sedan.
Lyons.
Nantes.
LaRochelle.
Bayonne.
John W. Fisher,
Coionj.
I EngUeb Cokmy.
U8
ITKITBD STATES.
[1866.
Alex. Campbell, ^Martinique.
AmenR.
, ' Cayenne, French
Guiana.
•George Hughes { ^'-q^l^.' ^^'^
Africa.
John J. Mahony, Algiers.
Great Britain.
England.
Robt. B. Campbell, London.
Nathaniel H.w.ho™., I Jj-^{*
Francis B. Ogden, Bristol.
August W. Scharit, Falmouth.
Geo. A. Brandreth, Plymouth.
Joseph E.Cro.key,{So«h-Pr
Albert Davy, Leeds.
Scotland.
James McDowell, Leith.
Thomas Steere, Dundee.
Philip T. Heartt, Glasgow.
Jrdand.
Robt. L. Loughead, Dublin.
John Higgins, Belfast.
, Londonderry.
Hugh Keenan, Cork.
, Galway.
In and near Europe and Africa.
Horatio J. Sprague, Gibraltar.
Wm. Winthrop, Island of Malta.
G. S. Holmes, Cape-Towir, C. G. H.
*Geo. W. KimbaTt, Isl. of aflPelena,
William H„^ Jr.. { ^^f FZc'e!'"'
Jforth America.
Canfield Dorwin, Montreal.
Israel D.Andrew., 5 |^-^°^„^^.
Robert W. Fraser, Halifax, N. S.
B. H. Norton, Pictou, N. S.
Wm. S. H. Newman, St. John, N. F.
West Indies.
F. B. Wells, Act. Bermuda.
John F. Bacon, Nassau,Bah.l8l.
John L. Nelson, Turk's Island.
Robt. M. Harrison, Kingston, Jam.
*Tohn R. Thurston, St.Christopher*8.
R. S. Higinbotham, Antigua.
Noble Towner, Barbadoes.
Edw. B. Marache, Isl. of Trinidad.
South America.
C. W. Denison, Demarara, B.G.
*Wm. H. Smiley, Falkland Islea.
Australia,
James H. Williams, Sydney.
James M. Tarleton, Melbourne.
Van Diemen^s Ijind.
Eiisha Hathaway, Hobart Town.
East Indies,
Charles W. Bradley, Singapore.
Edward Ely, Bombay.
Charles Huffhagle. Calcutta.
*John Black, Isl. of Ceylon.
China,
James Keenan, Hong Kongi
Grssck.
Jonas King, Act. Athens.
loNiAK Republic.
Amos S. York, Zanle.
Hafseatic or Free Cities.
Orson W. Bennett, Hamburg.
William Hildebrand, Bremen.
Samuel Ricker, Frankfort.
Hanoyer.
Robert S. Cassatt
Hessx-Cassel and Hesse-
Darmstadt.
Samuel Ricker, Frankfbrt.
Hayti, o& St. DoMixGo.
*Joseph N. Lewis, Port au Prince,
*Sidney Oaksmith, Aux Cayes.
*John L. Wilson, Cape Haytien.
.Jonathan Elliot, j^'^^'^f"*
LfBERiA. See Africa.
Mexican Republic
John Black, Mexico.
William B. Barry, Matamoras.
Franklin Chase, Tampico.
John T. Pickett, Vera Cruz.
— , Chiffuahua.
Robert R. Gatton, Mazatlan.
James A. Pleasants, Minatitlan.
Charles L. Denman, Acapulco.
G. W. P. Bissell, San Bias.
1855.]
INTBBCOT7RSB WITH FOREIGN NATTONB.
119
Guayamas/
David R.DiffeDderfer,Paso del Norte
^.C.Pe.ki„U.„. pl^CX.
R. Juanes y Patrullo, M erida &, Sisal,
Wm. Uubottes, Lagana, Carman Isl.
Mod SNA, Ducky.
WUiiam Walton, Carrara.
Moftocco J Empire of,
*J. S. Levy, Tetaan.
*Me8hod Abecasis, Larach^ & Arrila.
Muscat, JDomtmbn of the Imavm of.
Wm. McMulien, Island of Zanzibar.
, Moscat.
JWvMtt.
SamaelRicker, { '^XJ^r'"'"'''
Thk Netherlands, or Holland.
R. 6. Barnwell, Amsterdam.
Wm. S. Campbell, Rotterdam.
Colomes,
Francis W. Cragin, Paramaribo.
*James H. Young, Curaqoa.
Alfred A. Reed, Batavia, Java.
•H. O. Claughton, Isl. St. Martins.
New Granada.
John A. Bennett, Bogotd.
Ramon L. Sanchez, Carthagena.
Thos. W. Ward, PanamA.
Geo. W. Fletcher, Aspinwall.
John Capela, Jr. Turbo.
Nicaragua.
Wm. F, Boone, Realejo.
Loomis L. White, San Juan del Sud.
Pacific Islands, Independent,
Darius A. Ogden, Honolulu, Sand. Isl.
Geo. M. Chase, Lahaina.
Thomas Miller, Hilo.
Charles B. Wastfbrd, Bay of Isl., N.Z.
V.B. William., {^Tett^'j-
David Whippy.[|;-g--4-|:
CApia,
William H. Kelly, Society laiiands
PARAeUAT.
Edward A. Hopkins.
Peru.
Joseph W. Clark, Arica.*
William Miles, Lima.
F. M. Ringgold, Paita.
Saml. J. Oakfbrd, Tombez.
Portugal.
Nicolas Pike, Lisbon and all Portugal.
Islands,
Chas. W. Dabney, Fayal, Azores.
John H. March, Funchal, Madeira.
— , Macao.
— , Mozambique.
•T^k^r- \Kr\\y\» i St. Paul's de Loan-
John G. Willis, J do. W.Africa.
Prussia.
Isaac C. Bates, Aix-la-Cha|^eire.
Fred. Schillow, Stettin.
Rove, or Pontifical Btatss.
, Ravenna.
Franklin Torrey, Carrara,Modena.
Russia.
William L. Winans, St. Petersburg.
Alex. Schwartz, Riga.
Edmiuid Brandt, Archangel.
John Ralli, Odessa.
Reynold Frenckell, Helsingfors.
Sandwich Islands. See Paoific
Islands, Independent.
Sardinia.
A. Herbemont, Genoa.
J. B. Wilbor, Nice.
Saxe-Mein. Hildburghausen.
Louis Lindner, Sonneberg.
Saxony.
Arnold Graef, Dresden.
John G. Flagel, Leipsic.
Spain.
Wm. L. Giro, Alicante.
Max. de Aguirre, Bilboa.
Alexander Burton, Cadiz.
John Morand,
Ezra M. Stone,
Pablo Anguera,
Manuel Barcena,
Thomas Trenor,
Spiridion Ladico,
Denia.
Malaga.
Barcelona.
Vigo.
Valencia.
C Port Mahon,
I Isl. Min.
ISO
JJKTSED 0TATB0.
[1855.
Cuba.
Roger Barton, Havana.
Edward Worrell, Matanzag.
S. M*Lean, Trinidad de Caba.
Stephen Cochran, Santiago de Cuba.
. Puerto Rieo,
Jamea C. Gallaher, Ponce.
George Latimer, St. John's.
Other Spanish Jslande,
Joseph C. Hart, Teneriffe, Canary.
W. P. Peirce, Manilla, Philipp.
Saml. J. Masters, Goam, Ladrones.
Sumatra.
*Franklin D. Reed, Padang.
SWEDKH AHD NoRWAT.
C. D. AHwedson, Stockholm.
Alex. Barclay, Gothenbui|f.
Helmich Jaason, Bergen, Nor.
SWITZERLARD.
I>aTid 8. Lee, Basel, or BAle.
Geo. H. Goundie, Zurich.
TVRKXT.
£. S. Offley, ' Smyrna.
C BeyrontfDamas-
Henry Wood, < cu^ and Saida,
^ in Syria.
Merino de Mattey, Cyprus.
George Mountfort, Caodia.
TUSCANT.
J. A. Binda, Leghorn.
Amasa Hewins, Florence.
Two Siciuxs.
Alez. Hammett, Naples.
J. Jenkins Roa, Palermo.
F. W. Behn, Messina.
UrUOVAT, or ClSPLATim Rs-
PUBLIC.
Robt. M. Hamilton, Monte Video.
VXHRZUXLA.
Southey Grinalds, Puerto Cabello.
Isaac T. Golding, Laguayra.
Roland Dubs,
Joseph B; Austin,
Maracaibo.
{Angostura, or
Ciudad Bolivar.
WURTXMBERO.
Max. Stettbeimer, Stuttgart.
The only Consuls who reoeive salaries are those for London, Tangier,
Tunis, and Tripoli, each of which have $2,000 per annum, the Consul for
Beyrout, $500, and for Alezandria, $ 5,000. The Consuls for the five
treaty ports in China receive $ 1,000 each for judicial duties.
3. FoRzioff Ministers and their Secrxtari'xs,
^^credited to the Go9emmeni of the United States.
Foreign States. EnToyi Ex. and Mia. P)en. Secretariee, &c.
. Brazil,. ^ The Commander F. J. de Car- J. M. P. Peizoto,
valho Moreira. v
Chili, Senor Don Manuel Carvallo.
Cf}s{a Rica, Senor Don F61ipe Molina.
France, M. le Comte de Sartiges,
F. X. da C. Aguiar de An-
drada, Attachi.
Britaia, John F. Crampton, Esq.
M. G. Boilleau, Secretary.
M. de Gilibert, Chancdlor.
M. de St. Ferriol, JtiaehS.
Philip Griffith, Sec. of Leg,
Edwin Corbett, AttachS.
latcmula, Senor Doq Felipe Molina, Min. Plen.
reiko^ Seiior Gen.t)on J. N. Al- M. J. M. Gonzalez de la Ve-
^1^ monte, ' ga, See. Leg.
i ■ ■■ _ Antonio Sierra, 2d See.
Gregorio Barandiaran, Jltt.
1855.] DrrsBCOURBis with tobeign nations.
San Salvador, Senor Don Felipe Molina, i¥tit. Plen.
Spain,
181
Cheyalier L. A. de Cueto.
Don JO06 Maria Magallon, 1st See.
Leg.
J. £. de NaYarra, 2d See. Leg.
Don T. Moi«no, AUacki,
Don Luis PotesUd, AUaehi.
SeEor Don Lacio Pulido, Min, Pltn*
MiniBterB BesidenU
R. Schleiden.
Com. J. C. de Figaniere 6 Morao. Sen. G. Ferreira dos Santos,
JittaehL
Sen. F. F. de la Figaniere, Maeh6,
Baron Grabow, See. Leg.
Count R. Goschutz, JUach6.
Count Renaud, JlttaM.
Venesnela,
Bremen,
Portogal,
Pmasiay Baron Fr. von Gerolt,
. Charge d'Afi&ires.
Anstria, Chevalier Hiilsemann.
Belgium, Henrj Solvyns, ad interim,
Denmark, M. Torben de Bill^.
Ecuador, Senor Gen. Don Jose de Vilamil.
Netherlands, M. Jean Comeille Gevers.
New Granada, Senor Don Victoriano de Diego Paredes.
Parma, Don Jos^ Maria Magallon.
Peru, Don Juan Y. de Osma.
Russia, Edward D. Stoeckl,
Mr. M. Cramer, 1st See.
Mr. Cataiazes, 2d See.
Sardinia, Marquis Taliacame.
Sweden and Norway, Chevalier George Sibbem, and Consul^ General.
4. Foreign Consuls and Vice-consuls in the United States*
Those marked thus (*) are Consuls- General
Argeniine RepubUe, or Buenos Ayres.
S. Livingston, New York.
Fitzhenrj Homer, Boston.
Motte A. Pringle, Charleston.
N. Frazier, Philadelphia.
Carlos M. Stewart, Baltimore.
Austria.
Chas. F. Loosey, and
Act. Con.- Gen. f New York.
J. W. Langdon, Cons. Agt., Boston.
tS. Morris Wain, Philadelphia.
tH. W. Kuthman, Charleston.
; thus (t) Vice-Consuls; the rest are Consuls.
Jacob H. Eimer, New Orleans.
tAndrew Low, Savannah.
f J. M. Wright, Apalachicola.
Samuel John Gower, San Francisco.
t J. E. Duroont, Mobile.
Baden m
J. W. Schmidt, New York.
tF. T. Schmidt,
HifEimer,
t Jacob H. Eimer,
tE. C. Anfelrodt,
C. F. Hagedorn,
New York.
New Orleans.
New Orleans.
St. Louis.
Philadelphia;. }i^
-^1
* This list
Washington,
is corrected from the record of their exequaturs In the Department of &ii^'>'
October 12, 1864. .. ^ -'•'y-A^
11
■•>*
Ifi2
UNITED STATES.
C. F. Adae, Cincinnali.
Bavaria.
G. Heinrich Siemon, New York.
C. Fred. Hagedorn, Philadelphia.
John Smidt, Louisville.
F. L. Brauns, Baltimore.
Chas. F. Adae, Cincinnati.
Belgium.
•Auguste Moxhet, New York.
tH. E. Laacelles, Eastport.
Ives G. Bates, Boston.
tHippolyte Mali, New York.
M. J. Mange, Philadelphia.
G.'O. Gorter, Baltimore.
£. O. Holting, Richmond.
tAuguste Branda, Norfolk.
Geo. A. Hopley, Charleston.
W. O'Driscoll, Savannah.
T. A. Deblois, Portland.
tWilliam G. Porter, Apalachicola.
to. M. Wells, Key West.
Charles Auz6, Mobile.
Hubert Meugens, ' New Orleans.
J. F. Melino, Cincinnati.
Charles Hunt, St. Louis.
M. Hachette, San Francisco
A. Poucelet, Chicago.
Brazil
•A. J. de M. Falcao, New York.
,ArchibaldFoB.er.{M^„f^Hi»<'
tL. F. Figaniere, New York.
tEdw. S. Sayres, Philadelphia.
C. O. O'Donnell, Baltimore.
tHerman Baldwin, Richmond.
tMyer Myers, Norfolk.
tGustayus Street, Charleston.
B. Watts, New Orleans.
A. C. Paes de Adraede, San Francisco
C. GriflBii, New London.
Bremen,
•Alb. Schumacher, Baltimore.
Edwin A. Oelrichs, New York.
C. H. F. Moering, Boston.
John Leppien, Philadelphia.
A. C. Cazenove, Alexandria.
[1865.
E. W. de Voss, Richmond.
Lewis Trapman, Charleston.
William Crabtree, Savannah.
Fred. Rodewald, New Orleans.
J. Wolff, St. Louis.
Diedr. H. Klaener, Galveston.
H . A. H . Runge, Indianola, Tei.
C. A. C. Duisenburg, San Franeiflco.
Brunsunck and Luneburg.
*G. J. Bechtel, New York.
Carl Wendt, Milwaukee.
J. Sampson, Mobile.
R. K. Topp, Cincinnati.
C. F. Hagedorn, Philadelphia.
A. Rettberg, Cleveland.
A. E. Koels, St. Louis.
Buenog ^yres.
C. F. Zimmerman, New York.
IN. Frazier, Philadelphia.
F. Homer, Boston.
CM. Stewart, Baltimore.
ChUi,
Henrique F. Fallon, Boston.
Theodore W. Riley, New York.
R. B. Fitzgerald, Baltimore.
Jas. H. Causten, Washington.
F. S. Alvarez, San Francisco,
G. Cleeman, Philadelphia.
Costa Rica,
*Royal Phelps, New York.
Patrick Grant, Boston.
S. Morris Wain, Philadelphia.
E. J. Gomez, Key West.
Joseph Mitchell, New Orleans.
Samuel H. Greene, San Francisco.
Denmark.
n -M T-k.^K^.!. $ Mass., Me., N. H.,
G. M. Thacher, J ^^ jj ^ ^^^^^
T?j T> 1 ( N. Y., Conn., and part
Edw. Beck, ^^fj^/jjj^^ York,
f Godfrey Weber, Philadelphia.
fHen. G. Jacobsen, Baltimore,
f James Dempsey, Alexandria.
tP. K. Dickinson, Wilmington, N. C.
tWm. H. Ladson, Charleston.
Henry Frellsen, New Orleans.
1S55.]
INTKBCOT7BSB WITH FOBBIGN NATIONS.
129
fj. F.-Meline, Cincinnati.
Joseph Ffontin, San Francisco,
t J. E. Sehoetae, St. Lonis.
Eeumdar,
*Aan» H. Palmer, Washington.
W. D. Thompson, New York.
Seth Bryant, Boston.
James H. Caasten, Washington.
Edward F. Sweetser, Philadelphia.
Daniel Wolff, San Francisco.
J. Gardfitta, New Orleans.
France.
•C. F. F. Marquis de Montholon, N. Y.
tLonis Borg, New York.
E. P. le Frohon,Cim«..^^«., Portland.
Bf . de la Forest, Boston.
iJames Lemonier, Boston.
tFauvel Gouraud, ConsJigt.^tievrpOTt
A. Durand St. Aadr^, Philadelphia.
tHenry Vermott, Baltimore.
Alfred Paul, Richmond.
tPascal Schisano, Norfolk.
^ Count X. de Choiseul,CharIeston.
fR. de Leaumont, Charleston.
tL. Barr6, Savannah.
tF. J. Moreno, Key West.
A. de la Forrest, Mobile.
tA. S. Dnm6e, Mobile.
Aim^ Roger, New Orleans.
tH. Germain, New Orleans.
tH. de St, Cyr, Galveston.
C. T. Taylor, Cons, Agt.^ Louisville.
tJ. F. Meline, Cincinnati
tF. T. Kuneman, St. Louis.
Patrice Dillon, San Francisco,
f £. Guys, San Francisco.
Jules Lombard, Cons. AgtA ]^y ^ai.
Frankfort on ike Maine,
Fred. Wysmann, New York.
Arnold Halbach, Philadelphia.
C. F. Adae, Cincinnati.
Qreal BrUttin.
tW. D. Sherwood, Eastport.
• ^. C Maine dsN.H.
James Grignon, J PorUand.
E. A. Giattan, Boston.
tWm. Elliot, Boston.
tC. Grinnell, New Bedford.
Anthony Barclay, New York.
George B. Mathew, Philadelphia.
Henry G. Kuper, Baltimore,
G. P. R. James, Norfolk.
tH. C. Smith, Alexandria,
o u _.» u (N.C.andS.C,
Robert Bunch, J Charleston.
tG. W. Davis, Wilmington.
«r lut T\ C Flor. and Ala.,
W. M. Dyer, J ^^^^^^^
Edward Molyneuz, Savannah.
William Mure, New Orleans.
Arthur T. Lynn, Galveston.
Charles Rowcroft, Cincinnati.
George Aikin, * San Francisco.
Greece.
Henry G. Andrews, Boston.
Leouidas Prassacackij New York.*
Nicholas Benachi, New Orleans.
Guatemala.
•Bartolomeo Blanco, Now York.
Patrick Grant, Boston.
S. Morris Wain, Philadelphia.
E. J. Gomez, Key West.
Joseph Mitchell, New Orleans.
Samuel H. Greene, San Francisco.
Havnhurg,
*Alb. Schumacher, Baltimore.
Ferdinand Lorenz, Philadelphia.
C. H. F. Mooring, Boston.
Ferdinand Karck, New York.
Henry Ludlaw, Richmond.
Lewis Trapman, Charleston.
H. A. Schroeder, Mobile.
tC. Knorre, Boston.
tR. W. Welch, Key West.
William Vogel, New Orleans.
J. W. Jockusch, Galveston.
Henry Rnnge, Indianola, Tex.
Alfred Godefiroy, San Francisco.
Hano9tr.
^Edward Stucken, New York.
L. H.Myer, New York.
124
imiTISD STATES.
John Leppien,
Edward Uhrlaub,
H. W. Kubtman,
Aug. Reichard,
Theodore Schwartz,
Charles Boll man,
Carl F. Adae,
Adolphus Meier,
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Charleston.
New Orleans.
LooisviUe.
Pittsburg.
Cincinnati.
St. Louis.
( Mich.,Ind.,Ill.,
C. H. H. Papendick, J Wise. , «fe Min.
( T.,Milwaukee.
Julius Frederich, Galveston
Otto Frank, San Francisco.
C. H. F. Moering, Boston.
A. Rettberg, Cleveland.
K. H. Muller, Savannah.
Hawaiian hlanda.
*Sch. Livingston, • New York.
.Gra„villeS.01dfield.|M^,«»^„»«l
tCina. E. Hitchcock, San Francisco.
EUcUfrate of Hesse,
Conrad W. Faber, New York.
Grand Duchy of Hesse Darmstadt,
Anton Bollerman, New York.
E. C. Angelrodt, St. Louis.
C. F. Hagedorn, Philadelphia.
C. F. Adae, Cincinnati.
J. Smidt, Louisville.
Lubee.
Fred. A. Schumacher, New York.
C. H. F. Moering, Boston.
Hermann von Kapff, Baltimore.
Friedrich Kirchhoff, New Orleans.
Died. H. Klaener, Galveston.
Mecklenburg- Schwerin,
[1855,
tFelix Merino, Philadelphia,
t J. A. Pizarro, Baltimore,
t Juan Herbert, Pittsburg.
1 Charles L. Le Baron, Mobile.
tRafiiel de Rafael, New Orleans.
fIgnacioOropera, New Orleans.
J. J. Castillo, Brownsville, Tex.
Guadalupe Miranda, New Mexico.
Luis del Valle, San Francisco.
Montevideo.
Frederic B. Graf, Baltimore.
Bartholomew Watts, New Orleans.
Jfassau.
*Wilh. A. Kobbe, New York.
Fred. W. Frendenthal, New Orleans.
F. W. Steit, Galveston.
A. Witzleber, San Francisco.
E. C. Angelrodt, St. Louis.
C. F. Adae, Cincinnati.
Jfetherlands, or Holland.
•J. C. Zimmerman, New York.
J. E. Zimmerman, Chanc., New York.
B. H. Dixon
'^L. Herckenrath,
Wilhelm Prehn,
H. Schultz,
C.H.H. Papendick,
Charleston.
New Orleans.
Galveston.
lnd.,in.,Mich.,
la., Wise, Min.
T.,Milwaukee.
San Francisco.
Cincinnati.
J. de Fremery,
J. F. Meline,
Mexico.
*Francisco de Arrangoiz, New York,
t J. £. F. Fallon, Bostoo.
C Mass., Me., N. H., ,
and R. I., Boston.
Geo. M. Thacher, Deputy Consul.
Henry Bohlen, Philadera, Pa. & Del.
D.L.Kurtz, Philadelphia.
Frederic B. Graf, {^t^^J!'
Th.L.Wr.gg. {S,%«„,^;„f:
tOliver 0*Hara, Key West.
Myer Myers, Norfolk.
J.J.VaaWanroy. {Xto!t
P. J. Gildmeester, La. & Mi., N. O.
Charles Hess, { S'D"e«o^
F.R.Toewater. \'\^^t'
G. Van Steenwijk, Milwaukee.
J.P. H. Gildemeester, San Francisco.
JV*ete Granadfk.
*Jose M. Gaitan, New York.
Greg. Dominguez, New York.
J. M. R. de Porras, Philadelphia.
Robert A. Fisher, Baltimore.
IKTEBCOURSB WITH FOBBIGN NATIOKS.
1855.]
I. Aogaflbis Mocatta, San Franciaoo.
J. £. Beylle, New Orleans,
Jficaragtuu #
*Annorj Edwards, New York.
Oliver O'Donaeli, Baltimore.
E. G. Gomez, New Orleans.
OldenAurg.
*J. W. Schmidt, New York.
£. Pavenstedt, New York.
H. Muller, Savannah.
C. F. Hagedorn, Philadelphia.
Henry Oelricfas, Baltimore.
Wm. Vogel, New Orleans.
Charles T. Lowndes, Charleston.
Carl F. Adae, Cincirilftiti.
JoliuB Frederich, Galveston.
CWisc., Mich.,
C. H. H.Papendick, < Iowa, and Min
( T., Milwaukee.
C. Kirchhoff, San Francis, for Cal.
H. F. von Lengerke, San Francisco.
E. C. Angelrodt, St. Louis.
Parma.
J. M. Satrustegui, San Francisco.
Peru.
JuanYgnaciade Osma, Wash'n, D.C.
Thomas Galway, New York.
Chapman Biddle, Philadelphia.
James S. Fisher, Baltimore.
M. M. de Castillo, New Orleans.
)C. B. Polhemus, San Francisco.
Portugal.
•C. H. S. d^ la Figaniere, New York.
ID. A. G. Vega, Boston.
tAugust. L. Baptista, Baltimore, Md.
tEdw.SmUhSayre8,{PV^ly'*N.
< Dist. Columbia and
125
J. W. Schmidt,
G. Gossler,
tF.A. Hirsch,
t George Hussey,
J. Leppien,
Ludwig Brauns,
Wilhelm Vogel,
Lewis Stanislaus,
J. W. Jockosch,
Mr. Von Berries,
£. C. Angelrodt,
C. Kerchhoff,
J. A. Siotaa,
Wilmington, N.C.
Prussia,
New Yojrk.
Boston.
Boston.
New Bedford.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
New Orleans.
Cincinnati.
Galveston.
Louisville.
St. Louis.
San Francisco.
jRom«, or Poniifieal States.
Loui A. Binsse, New York.
tNicholas Reggio, Boston.
f George Allen, Philadelphia.
J. Parkin Scott, Baltimore,
fj. L. Roger, Charleston.
C. J. Daron, New Orleans.
Russia.
Alex. EvBtaphiff, New York.
tGeo. E. Runhardt,
tRobert B. Storer,
F. Whittle,
t Jos. Leland,
t John R. Wilder,
t Joseph £. Murrell,
E. Johns,
t J. S. Haviland,
W. Schaer,
F. Moreno,
Peter Kostromilinoff,
fChrist. Neale,
I Alexandria, Va.
tManoel A. Santos,
tHenriq. T. Street,
J. G. Doon,
^Charles Le Baron,
tJose A. Barelli,
John Searle,
Norfolk.1
Charleston.
Savannah.
Mobile.
New Orleans.
San Francisco.
New York.
Boston.
Norfolk.
Charleston.
Savannah.
Mobile.
New Orleans.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Key West.
San Francisco.
Salvador,
R. Phelps, New York.
R. W. Heath, San Francisco.
Sardinia,
Louis Mossi, Washington.
C. V. Bouland, New York.
1C. Fabbricotti, New York.
t And for all other ports iq Virginia except Alexandria.
11*
IM
rOTTBB STATES.
fVittorioSanori. { ^^'S^i!. miaS"'
tC. A. Williamson, Baltimore.
tE. L/Trenholm, Charleston.
tGeorge Aite, Mobile.
tE. Jose Gomez, Key West.
Joseph Lanata, New Orleans.
tM. Ravena, Galveston.
tJ. F. Meline, Cincinnati.
tL. A.J. Baptiste Paris, St. Louis.
L. Cipriani, San Francisco.
Saxe AUenburg,
C. £. Hinrichs, New York*
SaoM CobuTgand Goiha,
•C. £. L. Hinrichs, New York.
Saxe-Weimar. #
•F. A. Mensch, New York.
Edward Stucken, New York.
Saxony.
*Ferdin. L. Qrauns, Baltimore.
R. H. Douglas, Baltimore.
J. W. Schmidt, New York.
George H. Mecke, Philadelphia.
J. F. C. Ules, New Orleans.
E. C. Angelrodt, St. Louis.
C. F. Adae, Cincinnati.
Schwarzburg'Rudolsiadt,
C. E. Borsi^orf, New York.
Schwarzburg'Sondenkausen.
C. E. Borsdorf, New York.
Spain.
tT. A. Deblois, Portland.
tWm. B.Parker, Portsmouth.
A. G. Vega, Boston.
Francis Stoughton, New York.
*Don Pablo Chacon, Philadelphia.
Geronimo Roca, Philadelphia.
tV. de Anto. Larranaga, ^ c.',Ch*8ton.
tJ. Anto. Pizarro, Baltimore.
fDuncan Robertson, Norfolk.
tFred. B. Lord, Wilmington.
fF. Moreno, Pensacola.
Eusebio J. Gomez, Key West.
tM. Leiva y Daroca^ Sarannah.
[1855.
f Manuel Crozat, Mobile.
A. M. Segovia, New Orleans.
tRobt. H. Betts, St. Louis.
J. M. Satrufltegui, San FraiiGisco.
Sioeden and J^oneay.
tE.L.S.B.nzon. {'«J,i«o;:^»„':
G. Nayler Vickers, JieL, Boston.
tC. E. Habicht, New York.
T. Heyerdahl, Act, New York.
tRich. Seldener, Philadelphia.
tFrederic B. Graf, Baltimore.
tJames Dempsey, Alexandria.
tW. P. Vincent, Norfolk.
tFran.%1. Wilman, Savannah.
fJos. A. Wintbrop, Charleston,
t Ambrose Lanfear^ New Orleans.
fAsa F. Tift, Key West,
t J. D. Reymert, Wise., Denoon.
tR. Westfeldt, Mobile,
t James P. Meline, Cincinnati,
t Poly carpus von Schneidaer, Chicago.
H. L. Hoffman, St. Louis.
tFred. von Kantzow, St. Louis.
J. J. L. Herrlich, San Francisco.
Switzerland.
John Hitz, Washington.
Ad. £. Bandelier, St. Louis, Mo.
P T Fr«na J Mich., Wis., lowa,
P. J. Frans, J ^.^^^ ^^^ ij^jj.^jj
T. C. Kuhn, Texas, Galveston.
Jea„Z„>au, { '"tiJi^.^ ^^-
R. Kellersberger, San Francisco.
Turkey.
Joseph lasigi, Boston.
Tuscany, m
W. H. Aspinwall, New York.
Carlo G^ Manzoni, New Orleana.
Tujo SieUies.
M. Mantioo, New York.
1855.] TITLES ANI> AB8TRA0T8 09 THE FT7BLI0 LAWS. 127
IP. D. Aleasandro,
tB. D. Potter,
flra Clisbe,
t J. C. Vertu,
C. Gaillard,
tG. Persico,
tA. C. Rhodes,
IN. E. Fowleg,
tG. A. Trenholm,
tGoffiredo Barasley,
to. Wolff,
tJ. A. Barelli,
Uruguay.
BOBtOB.
Providence.
New Haven.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Norfolk.
Baltimore.
Diet. Columbia,
Charleston.
Savannah.
Mobile.
New Orleans.
•Juan Darby,
C. Soule, Jr.,
tG. F. Darby,
B. W. Frazier,
P. Morguiondo,
fG. L. Lowden,
tC. G. Mansony,
(Bartholomew Vails, New Orleans.
tF. A. Stokes, Galveston, Tex.
T. P. Hamilton, San Francisco.
New York.
Boston & Salem.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Charleston.
Mobile.
Venezuela.
Victor de la Cora,
Silas G. Whitney,
Joseph Avezzana,
Jose C. Keef,
J. F. Strohm,
Aaron Milhado,
Geo. B. Dieter,
Washington.
Boston.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Norfolk.
New Orleans.
Wurtemberg,
^Ferd. L. Brauns,
Frederick Klett,
Leopold Bierwirth,
Carl. Fred. Adae,
F. Honold,
E. C. Angelrodt,
Baltimore.
Philadelphia.
New York.
Cincinnati.
New Orleans.
St. Louis.
J. Smidt, Kentucky at Louisville.
VIII. TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF THE PUBLIC LAWS,
Passed at the First Session of the 33d Congress.
[The raferoQces by Chapters are to Little k Brown's authorized edition of the Laws of the
United States. The omitted Chapters are private acts.]
Appropriations /or the Years ending June 30, 1854, and June 30, 1856.*
For Civil and Diplomatic Expenses. For the year ending June 30, 1854. June 30, 1855.
Lc^/ar»ve.— Congress, pay of members, . . . • $843,372.60 8 451,662.80
" '^ " Officers and Clerks of both
Houses 57,930.00 91,470.00
" Contingent expenses of Senate, including print-
ing and publiahing proceedings and debates, . 202,000.00 330,600.00
" Contmgent expenses of House, including print*
ing, binding, &c., 148,527.00 323,796.00
Library of Congress. — Purchase of books and publication of
papers, 32,000.00 23,210.75
" " Incidental expenses, .... 8,600.00 6,500.00
Eseetaive. — President and Vic»-President of the United States, 30,000.00 26,500.00
BapartmeQt of State, 67,445.07 83,55aC
Treasury Department, 374,725.63 598,678.f
Department of the Interior, 300,477.66 382,6r'
War Departmeot, 100,990.00 112,71
Navy Department, 86,030.00 94,81
Post-Office Department, 234.350 00 172,^
Amount carried forward, 02,485,348.16 82,696,41
* The lidlimiog amounts are nearly accurate.
128 tJNITED STATES. [1855.
For the year ending June 30, 1854. June 30, 1855.
Amount brought forward $2,486,348.16 $2,698,467.86
Sarveyora-General and their Clerks, 105,720.00 128,615.00
Mint and Branches, 279,600.00 583,450.00
Judiciary, . 859,000 00 861,528.88
Territorial GoTemroenls, 145,955.00 ^9,020.00
Lighthouse Establishment, 878,392.72 993,495.43
Surveys of Public Lands, 554,992.25 909,240.00
Intercourse with Foreign Nations, 630,691.68 488,800.00
Custom HouMse, 924,210.00 3,347,301.59
Coast Survey, 417,500.00 386,000.00
Independent Treasury , &c 59,900 00 68,100.00
Public Buildings and Grounds, including EzecuUve Buildings, 1,163,559.83 1,368,290.96
Public Lands, 206,520.00 266,000.00
Marine Hospitals, 660,300.00
Miscellaneous, 840, 166.04 821.000.87
ToUl for Civil and Diplomatic Expenses, . . . Si;,i>bi,585.68 $ 13,809,610.59
For deficiencies in appropriations for the years ending June 30,
1853. and June 30, 1854, . . .... 2,353,909.56 1,901,284.06
Navy Pensions, 25,000.00
Invalid and other Pensions, 910.000.00 850,700.00
Military Academy, • . . 149,696.00 161,281.00
Army Appropriation, 9,767,413.44 10,403,469.63
Navy Appropriation, 8,209,260.77 9,306,806.19
Lighthouses, Lightboats, Buoys, ^c 325,660.00 1,542,078,00
Indian Department and Treaty Stipulations with Indian Tribes, 1,728,822.73 2,023.832.72
Post-Office Department, 9,928,500.00 10,379,000.00
Mails by Ocean Steamers 2,086,250.00
Fortifications and other Works of Defence, 1,005,500.00
Relief of sundry Individuals, 112,183 41
Public Buildings and Roads in Minnesota, .... 70,000.00
Military Roads in Oregon, . 40,000.00 20,000.00
Bringing Electoral Votes to Washington, .... 20,000.00
Equestnan Statue of Washington, ^^99JU!^
Territorial Government of Washington, .... 10,00^0
Six first class Steam Frigates, 3,000,000.00
Treaty of 1853 with Mexico, 10,000,000.00
Roads and WeUs in New Mexico, 82,000.00
Miliurv Roads in Utah, 25,000.00
Indian Hostilitiea in Utah and Oregon, 95,940.65
Improvement of Cape Fear River, N. C, . . . . 4O,00ft0Q
Total, i 45,338,281.59 $64,651,492.84
No. 1. Ch. I. An Act concerning the District Courts of the United StcUes in California.
A District Judge is to be appointed for the Southern District. The sessions of the District
Court at San Jose, Stockton, and Sacramento are abolished. January 18, 1854.
No. 2. Ch. n. An Act to continue in force the Act entitled *< An Act to ascertain and
settle the private land claims in the State of Calif omiaj** and for other purposes. The
act is continued for one year from March 8, 1854, for the Commissioners to determine the
claims presented to them under the act. The Commissioners may appoint not exceeding
tkin [.. L , i to take testhnony to be read before the Board, thdr pay not to exceed $10
p«r day (?riH h , to be established by the Commissioners. January 18, 1864.
No. 3. VAi. VII. An Act to provide a place for the holding of the Courts of the UniUd
Statirs in ih( Saixthem DistriU of New York^ and other purposes. The Secretary of the
Jnhfrior mav hire, from year to year, or for a term of years, rooms in New York dty, fbr
Qie U t] S k«] SUtea Courts, and for the judges, attorney, clerks, and marshal. All processes,
fhr that District may be dated, tested, and made returnable at the United States Court
Koom In that tiity, and shall be returned to the room where the Court is actually held,
februarj 2. h64.
Wo. -4. ri]. vm. An Act granting the Franking Privilege to the Superimtendent of the
Vkioxi iStfri-i'//^ and the Assistant in charge of the Office of said Coast Surveff. Fehmary 3,
ISM.
No- fi. (^h. IX. An Act to constitute Quincy^ in the SteUe ofJUinois^ a Port ofDeUoery.
Tbfl apppinbinjiit of a Surveyor of Customs is provided for. The port of deUvery is ao-
t2g»d to ilia New Orleans CoUeetiion District. Febnnayll, 1864.
f
1855.] . TITLES AND ABSTBACTB OF THE PUBLIC LAWS. 1«9
No. 6. Oh. X. An Act giving fw/iker tSuM far $atisfffing daims for BamUf LandSy
and for other purpous. The act of Jnlj 27, 1842 (Acts 1842, Ch. 69), and fh« two acts of
Jmoxuay 27, 1835 (Aots 18S6« Ch. 6 and 7), am rariTed, and continued in foroe for five
years frcMn Jane 26, 1868. Febraaiy 8, 1854.
No. 7. Ch. XI. An Act to reguiate the dubttrsenunt of the Contingent F\ind of the
Senate, and for other ptirpoaes. The SeeietaTy of tha Senate is made a diabardng of&oer,
and giTee bond to the United States in $^,000, with one or more suxeties, witliin tliirty
days after he enters on the duties of liis office, and before he makes any requisition on the
treasury. Ail moneys appropriatecTfor the pay of members and officers of tlie Senate, and
for the contingent expenses, sliall be paid on his requisition upon the Treasury, and he
shall deposit the same with the depositary designated by the Secretary of the Treasury
for other disbursing officers ; and all payments to Senators, on account of pay and mileage,
and to their officers, and for contingent expenses, shall be made by drafts drawn by the
Secretary on such depositary. Februaxy 10, 1864.
No. 8. Ch. Xn. An Act to indemnify the State of Indiana for the failure of title to a
township of land granted to said State on her admission into the Union in 1816. The
Governor of the State may select out of the pablio lands in said State, subject to prirate
entry, 19,040 acres of land, in legal subdivisions, and, upon his certificate, patents shall
issue to the State ; the proceeds thereof, when sold, to remain for ever a fund for the use
of the Indiana University. February 23, 1854.
No. 9 Oh. Xm. An Act to extend the Kmiis of the Port of New Orleans. The port of
New Orleans is extended so as to embrace the right bank of the Mississippi Rirer, as for up
Bidd bank as it now does the left Ixank. February 23, 1854.
No. 10. Oh. XrV. An Act supplemental to an Act entitled, " An Act to ascertain and
settle the private land claims in the State of California^" approved March B., 1851. An
extension of time of six months ftom the passage of this act is given to twelve persons
nam^ in this act, or either of them, or their representatives, to present their claims before
tiie Commissioners under the act of 8d March,' 1851, if limited to certain estates, and ac-
quired prior to the said 3d of March. February 23, 1854.
No. 11. Ch. XVn. An Act for the extension of the Tfe-emption Privilege in the State
of California. The provisions of the act of 4th September, 1841 (Acts 1841, Ch. 16), as
made appBcafole to Califomia by act of 8d March, 1858 (Acts 1858, Oh. 145), are fhrther
modified, so that the third proviso in Section 6 of Act of 8d March, 1858, shall extend to
settlements made prior to, and within two years after, the passage of this Act. March 1,
1854.
No. 12. Ch. XXrV. An Act for the relief of the XTnited States troops who were sufferers
hy the recent disasters to the Steamship San Francisco. To each of the officers, non-com-
missioned officers, and privates, and to any officer or seaman of the navy, on board, under
orders, there shall be paid a sum equal to his pay and allowance for eight months. If,
before receiving the payment, any die from the consequences of said disaster, the widow,
if one, and if not, the minor children, if any, shall receive a sum equal to the pay and
allowuices for rix months. The widows- and minor children of those who perished by, or
ftom disease in consequence of. this disaster, shall have pensions. March 27, 1854.
No. 18. Ch. XXY. An Act for the relief of settlers on lands reserved for railroad
Purposes. Every settler on public lands which have been or may be with^bawn from mar*
ket in consequence of proposed railroads, and who had settled thexeon prior to such with-
drawal, shall be entitled to pre-emption at the ordinary minimum to the lands settled on
and cultivated by them, if they shall prove their rights according to such rules as the Sec-
retary of the Interior may prescribe, and pay for the same before the day fixed by the
Prerident's proclamation for the restoration of said lands to maricet. March 27, 1854.
No. 14. Ch. XXVI. An Act to amend an Act entitled " An Act to divide the State of
Arkansas into two Judicial Districts, approved March 3, 1851. The Counties of Sevier and
Sebastian are made part of the Western Judicial District. Convicts in the Western District
of offences, punishable by imprisonment, shall be punished by imprisonment with hard
labor, and the sentenee be exeented upon them in the State penitentiary in the Eastern
130 UNITBD STATES. [1855.
Tbe 26tti Bectloa of the Act of dOth June, 1884 (Acts 183i, Ch. lei), th&a not extend the
laws for the District of Colombia to the Indiaa Cowitiy. Nothing in the aoth section of the
mid act shall extend to any Indian, committing said offiences in the Indian country, or to
any Indian committing any o£fonce in the Indian country who has been punished by the
local law of the tribe, or in any case where, by treaty stipnlati<His, the exchudve jurisdic-
tion over sttoh oOences may now« or lyreafter, be secured to said Indian tribes.
If any white person shall set fire, or attempt to set fire, to any building in said Indiaa
country, to whomsoever belonging ; and if any Indian shall set fire to any bmlding, in said
Indian country, belonging to or in lawful possession of a white person, in whole or in part,
and whether the same be consumed or not, he shall be deemed guilty of felosy, and shall
be punished by confinement to hard labor, for not more than twenty^one nor less than two
years.
If any white person shall assault an Indian, or other per8(»i, or if any Indian shall assault
a white person, within said Indian country, with any deadly weapon, with intent to kill or
maim the person so amaolted, he shall be deemed guilty of felony, and shall be punished
with confinement to hard labor, for not more than five years, nor less than one year.
In all criminal cases, upon indictment, for oflfonces committed in said Indiaa countxy,
prior to the creation of said Western District, now pending in the United States Circuit
Court for the £astem District, process for witnesses residing or to be found in the Western
District, may issue to the marshal of the Eiutem District, and be executed by him in any
part of the Western District. The fees of all witnesses so summoned shall be paid by the
United States. March 27, 1864.
No. 16. Ch. XXX. An Act to extend the Warehousing System by estaJbiishing Private
Bonded Warehouses^ and for other purposes. Any goods, wares, or merchandise, sul^t
to duty, and duly entered and bonded for warehousing, except perishable articles and ex-
plosive substances, may be deposited, at the option of the owner, importer, consignee, or
agent, at his expense and risk, in any public warehouse owned or leased by the United
States, or in the private warehouse of the importer, if used exclusively to store waiehoused
goods of his own importation or to his own consignment, or in a private warehouse used
solely as a general warehouse for the storage of warehoused goods ; the place of storage to
be designated on the warehouse entiy, whep entering the goods, &c. at the Custom House ;
the private warehouse to be first approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, and to be
placed in chaxge of an oflicer of the customs, who, with the owner, will have the joint cus-
tody of the merchandise stored therein. All labor on such merchandise must be done by
the owner or proprietor of the waxehouse, and at his expense, under the supervision of
such oi&oer. Cellars and vaulte of stores for the storage of wines and distilled spuits only,
and yards for the storage of coal, woods, and lumber, may, at the discretion of the Secre-
tary of the Treasury, be made bonded warehouses for the storage of such articles, under
the same regulations, &c. as other merchandise ; the cellars and vaults to be exclurively
so used, and to have no entrance except one firom the street, on which the Custom House
oi&oer and the owner shall place and keep different locks. Before such private stores or
cellars axe used as such warehouses, the owner, occupant, or lessee thereof shall give bond,
to be approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, to hold the United States and its officers
hannless firom all risk, loss, or expense, arising ftom the deposit of swdi merchandise
therein. All importo deposited in any such public or private warehouse, shall be at the
sole risk of such owner or importer.
Unclaimed merchandise, which Collectors must by law take possession of, may be stored
in such public or private bonded warehouse ; and all expenses on such merchandise, not
to exceed in any case Uie regular rates for sueh otgecto at the port in question, must be
pa!d before delivery, on due entiy \sj the claimant or owner ; or, if sold, as unclaimed, iox
the duties, such expenses are to be paid out of the proceeds of such sale. Any Collector,
under regulations firom the Secxetary of the Treasury, may sell, upon due notice, at public
auction, any unclaimed goods so deposited, when, In his opinion, firom depreciation from
any cause, they may be likely to prove insufficient, when scdd, to pay duties and charges,
if kept for the full period allowed by law for unclaimed goods.
JUL merchandise heieafter entered for warehousing under bond, and all now remaining
1855.] TITLES AND ABSTHACTS OF THE PUBLIC LAWS. 181
in vaieboiises under bond, may confciniie !n wnK^ouse, ivithont payment of datfes, for
tfaiee years ftom the ori^nal importation, and may be withdrawn for consmnptlon on
mtry and paym^t of the duties and charges, or upcA entry for exportation, on paying the
dtarges iritiioat the duties, at any time within sueh peilod. If the duties ha^e been paid
npon any goods entond for oonramption, fhey (rtutU not be reminded on exportation of
such goods witfckoat the United States* There sfaail be no abatement of duties, or allow-
anee made for any damage or loss, snstained by any goods, while so d^KWited in any public
et private bonded warehouse.
Any mercliawHse, so entered for warehousing, may be withdrawn under bond, without
tiie payment of the duties, from any such war^ouse, in any CoDection District, and carried
to and re-warehoused at any such warehouse in any other Collection District. They may be
earried thither by land, or water, or both, OTer such routes as the Secretary of tlie Treasury
may pn M cribe, or over any foreign territory throi!^ which a right of way has been, or sliall
be, granted by treaty. To guard against frauds upon the revenue, on foreign goods trans-
ported overland tluough foreign territory, between ports on the Atlantic and the Pacific,
Oe Setmtary of the Treasury may appoint special sworn agents, as inspectors of the cus-
toms ; at a eompensatien, in the aggregate, not to exceed $ 6,000 annually, to superintend
the km^Unif and shipping of such goods. The Secretary ct the Treasury shall prescribe the
form of th« bond to be given for such transportation, and the time for the delivery ; and
for a failure to txansport and d^ver such bonded goods witbin the time limited, an ad-
dltSonal duty of KK) per cent., to be secured by bond, she^ be levied and collected ; or the
merchandise, and the vessel, or vehicle, in which they are carried, may be seised and
forfeited.
Upixi aatiiAustOTy proof of the actual injury or destruction, in whole or in part, of any
merchandise, by any casualty, while m the custody of any ot&cev of the Customs, or in
tranapoitation under b<md, to the Secretary of the Treasury, he may abate or refund the
amount of impost duties paid or accruii^ thereon, and may canod any warehouse bond,
or enter oatlsfaotfam thereon, in whole or in part.
All ksMB of stores for stixing warehoused or imclaimed goods, now held by the United
States, shall be eaacelled at the earliest possible time ; nor shall any such store be leased
alter July 1, 1865, in any p<wt where tiiere may be any private warehouses. Buildings
may be hired for the use of the public appraisers ; and collectors, with the approval of the
Seeretacy, may hire stores for Custom House purposes, at any of the smaller revenue ports
of tlm United Stetes. No oflteer of the Customs shall contract ibr the use of any building
to be tbereafbor erected as a public store ; and no lease of any building, for such use, shall
be tak0B for more than tiiree years, and, in no case, shall any rent be paid in advance.
nw Secretary of the Treasury may establish such rules and regulations, not inconsistent
wiOi law, for the due execution of this act, as he may deem expedient and necessary.
UmxA 28, 18&4. .
No. 16. Ch. XXSM. An Act to autfumze the eonstmetion of six firBt-dass Steam'
Frigates^ and for other purposes. Such vessels are to be provided with screw propellors,
■ad, with the maebtinery, may be built by contract, or in tiie Navy Yards, as tiie Secretary
of tlie Navy thinks best for the public interest. For this purpose, and to alter, make
ready, and launch the frigates Santee, at Kittery, and Sabhie, at New York, $8,000,000
■le ai»propriated. April 6, 1864.
No. 17. Ch. XXXm. An Act for the benefit of citizens and occupants of the Tovm of
Council BbtjtTS) in lows, April 6, 1864.
No. 18. Oh. XXXY. An Act to establish additional Land Districts in the Territory of
MSnnesotet. Four additional land districts are created ; the Root River, Winona, Redwing,
and MinneapoliB Districto ; and a reefer and registw may be appointed for each district ;
and tlie location of the offices may be established and chimged by the President, as the
pnUlc good requires. April 12, 1864.
No. 19. Ch. XLYI. An Act establishing a Land Offite in the lower Peninsula of Mich-
igan. A new land district is created, called the Cheboygan Land District, and the appoint-
ment of a renter and receiver is authorifled. April 20, 1854.
No. 20. Oh. XLyn. An Act to authorise the School Commissioners of fractional
1S2 tmiTBD STA'nBS. [1855.
Toumihip Number Otu^ of Eang« Nmnker Tm, JOur, in Akiba$na^ to loeate One Half-
teetion of land for School Purposes. April 20, 18&4.
No. 21. Gh. LII. An Act to amend the third section of the " Act making appropria-
turns for the dvU and diplomatie expenses of govenunent for the fear ending June SOtA,
lS6i," and for other purposes. The Mkoies of tho clerks, u established by the third
seotioa ofthat act, aie altered, so that^eiks of the first daas receive 111,200 per aaunim ;
or the second daas, 91,400; of the third elaas,^ 1,000. Clerks in the Oensos Bareaa shaU
be rated, for pay, as of the second class ; 20 per cent, is added to the pay <tf sundry govern-
ment employees in Washington. The Saperfntendent of the Census, and the Assistant
Postmastras-Oeneral, shall each have the same salary as the Assistant Secretary of the
Treasury. AprU22, 18M.
No. 22. Ch. LIY. An Act making appropriations for the support of the MSUtarif
Academy for the year ending June 80th, 18M. 9 161,281 are appropriated. The pay <a the
Haster of the Sword is made S 1,200 per annum. Blay 10, 18M.
No. 28. Ch. LIX. An Act to organize the Territories ofNdmuka and Kanxas.
BouNDABixs, &c. All the tenitoiy of the United States within the fcdlowing Utiits, ex-
cept such portions thereof as axe hereinafter expressly exempted tnm the operations of
this act, to wit : beghming at a pohit in the Missouri river where the parallel of 40ON.
crosses the same ; thence west on said parallel to the east boundary of the territory of
Utah, on the summit of the Rocky Mountains ; ttienoe on said summit northward to the
IMnllel of 490 N. ; thence east on said parallel to the western boundaiy of the territory of
Minnesota ; thence sonttiward on said boundary to the ICissouri river ; thence down the
main channel of said river to the place of b^;inning, is constituted the territory of Nelnas-
ka; " and when admitted as a State or States, the said territory, or any portion of the
same, shall be received h&to the Union with oar without slavery, as their constitution may
prescribe at the time of th^ admission : Provided^ That nothing in this act contained
shaU be construed to inhibit the government of the United States firom dividing said ter-
ritory into two or more territories, in such manner, and at such times, as Congress shall
deem convenient and proper, or tnm attaching any portion of said territory to ai^ other
State or territory of the United States ; Providedfurther^ That nothing h& this act contained
shall be construed to impair tiie rights ot person or property now pertaining to the In-
dians in said territory, so long as such rights riiall remain unextinguished by treaty be-
tween the United States and such Indians, or to include any territory which, by treaty
with any Indian tribe, is not, witiiout the consent of said tribe, to be included within the
territorial limits or Juri8dicti<m of any state or territory ; but all such territory shall be
excepted- out of the boundaries, and constitute no part of the territory of Nebraska, until
said tribe shaU signify their assent to the President of the United States to be included
within the said territory of Nebraska, or to aJSect the authority of the government of the
United States to make any regulation respecting such Indians, their luids, property, or
other rights, by treaty, law, or otherwise, which it would have been 6(nnpetent to the
government to make if this act had never passed."
YoTXRS. Every free white male inhabitant, 21 years old, an actual resident in the terri-
tory at the time of the passage of this set, and wltii the qualifications herdnafter pre-
scribed, may vote, and be chosen to any territorial office at the first election ; after which,
the qualifications of voters and for office shall be fixed by the Le^slative Assembly ;-'
provided the right of sulbage and of holding office be exercised only by citiaens of the
United Stetes, and those who have declared, on oath, their intention to become such, and
have taken an oath to support the Constitution of the United Stetes and the provisions of
this act. No person belonging to the aimy or navy of the United Stetes can vote, or be
elected to, or hold, any civil office or appointment in the territory, by reas<ni of bring on
service therein.
LxaiBLATiVB Assembly. The Legislative Assembly shall consist of a Coundl and House
of Bepresentetives. The Council shall consist of thirteen members, with the qualifications
of votoB chosen for two years, by a plurality vote of the people, in districto. The represen-
tetives, twenty-six in number, with the qualifications of voter^, shall be chosen for one year,
by a plurality vote ; but the Legislative Assembly may increase the number to not more
1855.] TITLE8 Ain> ABSTRACTS OP THE PUBLIC LAWS. 18S
than thirty-nine. Members of ^ther body mnat reside in their district, and every district
shall be represented in proportion to its qualified voters. A census slxall be taken before
the first Section, and tiie Governor sliall appoint the^laces of voting, the ndmber of coon*
eilloTS or representatives to a district, the manner of conducting ttie election, and the
place of meeting of the Assonbly. In case of a tie, or of a vacancy, the Governor shall
order a new election. Thereafter, tiiese points shall be regulated by the Assembly ; but
no session shall exceed forty days, except the first, which shall not exceed sixty days, and
there shall be but one session annually, unless the Governor orders otherwise.
No law shall be passed hiterfering with the primary disposal of the soil ; no tax shall be
imposed on the property of the United States ; nor shall the property of non-residents be
taxed hic^her than that of residents. Members of the Assembly receive 8 3 per day, and
$8 for every twenty miles' travel. The presiding officer of each house receives 88 a day
•additional. The chief Clerk has $4 a day ; the other officers, i. e. an Assistant Clerk,
Sergeant-at-arms, and Door-Keeper for each house, $ 3 a day. The first session of the
Assembly shall be held at a time and place appointed by the Governor, at which session
the Govenoor and Assraibly may establish the seat of govemmmt. No member of the
Assembly, except the first Assembly, shall be appointed to any office created or increased
in pay during his term, or for one year thereafter ; and no officeholder under the general
gov«nunent, except Postmasters, shall hold office under the territorial government, or be
a member of the Assembly. All township, district, and county officers, not otherwise
provided for, shall be elected or appointed as the Assembly may direct ; and all other offi-
cers, not otherwise provided for, shall be appointed by the Governor, with the advice
and consmt of the CounciL
EzfiCDTXVZ, &c. The Governor, appointed by the President and Senate for four years,
and until his successor is appdnted and qualified, unless sooner removed by the President,
shall reside within the territory ; shall receive a salary of $5,500 ; shall be commander-in-
chief of the militia; may grant pardons and respites for ofifences against territorial laws,
and r^rievee, until the decision of the President be known, for offences against the laws
of the United States, and sliall commission all officers appointed to office under the laws of
the territory. He has the veto power ; but any vetoed bill may be passed by two thirds
vote of both houses, taken by yeas and nays, and entered on the journal of each house. If
a bill presented to the Governor, for signature, be not returned within three days (Sundays
exioepted), it shall become a law, unless the Assembly, by adjournment, prevent its return,
irhea it shall not become a law. If the Governor vacate the office, or be necessarily absent
from the territory, his place shall be fiUed by the Secretary, who is appointed by the Pres-
kimt and Senate fbr five years, unless sooner r^noved, and whose salary is $2,000 per
amram. Tiie Secretaxy shall record and preserve all laws, &c., and shall transmit, within
thirty days after the end ot each session, one copy of the laws and journals of the Assem-
bly, and, (m the first days of January and July, one copy of the executive proceedings, to
ttie President, and two copies of the laws to the President of the Senate, and to the Speaker
of the House, to be deposited in the libraries of Congress.
JunioiAL Powxa, &c. There shall be a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts,
and Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court shall consist of a chief justice and two as-
sociates, at an annual salary each of $2,000, appointed by the President and Senate for
four yean, and until their successors are qualified, — two of whom shall constitute a quo-
rum, and who shall hold an annual term at the seat of government. The territory shall
foe divided into three districts, in each of which one of the three Justices shall reside, and
hold a Itetrict Court, at prescribed times and places, having the jurisdiction of United
States DisMctand Circuit Courts, in all cases arising under the laws or Constitution of
the United States, for Jury trials, subject to writs of error, exceptions, and appeal to the
Supreme Court, in which issues of law only are heard. Prom the Supreme Court, writs of
error and appeiUs shall lie to the Supreme Court of the United States (as from a Circuit
Court), where the matter in dispute exceeds in value $ 1,000, except hi cases involving
title to slaves, or in questions upon any writ of habeas corpus, involving the question of
personal freedom ; but noting herdn contained shall apply to or affect the provisions of
the " act Kspeeting ftig^tives from justice, and parsons escaping from the services of their
12
184 T7NITBD STATES. [1855.
masten," approyed February 12, 1798, and the act to amend the same of September 18,
1850 ; and the proyisions of said acts are declared to extend to, and be in foil force within
the limits of the territory. Both th(^ District and Supreme Courts shall possess chancery
powers. Each Judge may grant writs of habeas corpus in all cases in which the same are
granted by the United States Judges in the District of Columbia ; and the first six days of
ereiy term of said Courts, if so much be necessary, shall be deroted to the trial of causes
arising under the said Constitution and laws. Justices of the Peace shall have no juris-
diction where the title to land is concerned, or where the sum chdmed exceeds $100. The
judicial districts shall be defined, the judges assigned to them, and the times and places of
holding the courts appointed, by the Goyernor, subject to alteration by the L^;islatiye
Assembly. An Attorney and Marshal shall be appointed by the President and Senate, for
four years, and until a successor is qualified, unless sooner removed by the President.
The courts may appoint their own clerks, who, as well as the Attorney and Uarshal, shall
reoeire the same fees as the like officers in Utah.
All civil officers, before they enter upon office, shall be duly sworn to the proper dis-
charge of their duties, and to support the Constitution of the United States, and the oath
shall be recorded. The salaries under this act are to be paid quarterly ; no payment to
be made until the officers have entered upon the duties of their appointments.
Sufficient sums shall be appropriated annually by Congress, to de&ay the neoessaryi
contingent, and incidental expenses of the territory ; and for the erection of suitable pub-
lic buildings, and the purchase of a library. In the expenditure of moneys, the Governor
and Secretary shall be governed solely by the instructions of the Secretary of the Treasury,
and shall account to him semiannually. No expenditure by the L^^Iature of money ap-
propriated by Cmgress sliaU be made, except as authorized, nor beyond the appropriations
therefor. All disbursing officers shall give bond, as the Seraetary of the Treasury may
prescribe.
A delegate to Congress shall be chosen by a plurality of votes, for two years ; but tha
first delegate shall hold only for the term of Congress to which he is elected. When the
lands axe surveyed, sections sixteen and thirty-six in every township shall be xeswved for
schools.
" The Constitution and all laws of the United States which are not locally inapplicable,
shall have the same force and effect within the said tenitary of Nebraska as elsewhere
within the United States, except the eighth section of the act preparatory to the admiasian
of Missouri into the Union, approved March 6, 1820, which, being inconsistent with the
principle of non-intervention by Congress with slavery in the states and territories, aa
recognized by the l^islation of 1850, commonly called the Compromise measures, is hereby
declared inoperate and void ; it being the true intent and meaning of this act not to legis-
late slavery into any territory or state, nor to exclude it therefrom, but to leave the people
thereof perfectiy free to form and regulate their domestic institutions in tiieir own way,
subject only to the Constitution of the United States : Provided^ That nothing herein con-
tained shall be construed to revive or put in force any law or regulation which may hav«
existed prior to the act of March 6, 1820, either protecting, establishing, prohibiting, or
abolishing slavery."
Boundaries of Eanzas, &c. All the territory of the United States included within the
following limits, except such portioius thereof as are hereinafter expressly exempted firom
the operations of this act, to wit : begiiming at a point on the western boundary of the
State of Missouri, where the parallel of 37^ N. crosses the same ; thence west on said par*
aUel to the eastern boundMry of New Mexico ; thence north on said boundary to latitude
thirty-eight ; thence following said boundary westward to the east boundary of the Terri-
tory of Utah, on the summit of the Rocky Mountains ; thence northward on said sununit
to the parallel of 40^ N. ; thence east on said parallel to the western boundary of the State (rf
Missouri ; thence south with the western boundary of said State to the place of beginning,
is constituted tlie Territory of Kansas ; and, when admitted as a State or States, the said
territory, or any portion of the same, shall be received into the Union with or without
slavery, as their constitutions may prescribe at the time of their admission.
The exemptions of territory, tiie provisos a£ to a future division of the territory, the
Miormtion of TncUan rights, axe the same aa in Nebraska; and, in a word, the portion
f
1855.] TITLES AND ABSTBACTS OP THE PUBLIC LAWS. 185
of fhe act organidng Kansas, with the exception of the boundaries, is pxeclselj the same as
that portion of the act which oiganizes Nebraska, a complete abstract of which is aboTe
given. May 30, 1864.
No. 24. Ch. LX. An Act to tupply deficiencies in the appropriations for the service of
thejiseal year ending June SO, 1864, and for other purposes. $1,901,284.06 are appronri-
ated. The office for paying privateer pensions in Boston is abolished ; the time limited
for the appointment of Commissioner, Surveyor, and Chief Astronomer, by the act of May
16, 1860 (Ch. 10), is extended to June 80, 1866. The seal of the Department of tlie Interior
is recognized as legal ; when a seal is made necessary by any law of Congress, the seal may
be affixed by making an impression therewith direotiy on the paper, and this shall be as
valid as if made on wax. When there are different printers for the House and Senate, each
tbaH do the printing ordered by the house which elected him. May 31, 1854.
No. 26. Ch. LXI. An Act regulating the pay of Deputy-Postmasters. In lieu of their
present compensation, the Postmaster-General may allow Deputy-Postmasters commissions
at the following rates, — on the postage collected each quarter at their offices, and propor-
tionally for less than a quarter. On any sum not exceeding $ 100, 60 per cent. ; and when
the mail arrives regularly between 9 o'clock, P. M., and 6 o'clock, A. M., 70 per cent. ; on
over $100, and not exceeding $400, 60 per cent.; on over $400, but not exceeding
$ 2,400, 40 per cent. ; on ail sums over $2,400, 16 per cent. ; and two mills for delivery to
subscribers of each newspaper not chargeable with postage. On the amount of postage on
letters and packi^es received at a distributing office for distribution, 12^ per cent. Post-
masters receiving not over $600 per quarter, shall have one cent for every free letter de-
Uvered firom his office, except such as are for himself.* Postmasters who are required to
keep a r^i^ter of the arrival and departure of the mails, shall receive ten cents for each
* mOntidy return. Additional allowances may be made to the Postmasters at distributing
and separating offices, to defray actual and necessary expenses, when the commissions,
allowances, and emoluments are insufficient for that purpose. June 22, 1864.
No. 26. Ch. LXn. An Act to authorize the selection of School Districts in lieu of the '
Sixteenth Sections, within the Twelve Miles Square Reservation, in the State of Alabafma.
June 22, 1854.
No. 27. Ch. LXVni. An Act confirming certain land claims in Louisiana, in the
Bastrop Grant. June 29^1854.
No. 28. Ch LXTX. An Act to reimburse to the Common Council of New York City
expenditwes made for the First Regiment of New York Volunteers. An amount not ex-
ceeding $ 8,672.90 is appropriated. June 29, 1854.
No. 29. Ch. LXX. An Act to authorize the issue of Registers to Vessels oumed by the
" Accessory Transit Company." Rasters may be issued in the name of the President of
the Company, wtiich is incorporated by the State of Nicaragua, for steamboats or vessels
owned by the Company, and employed in the transportation of merchandise and- pasf>en-
gers between the Atlantic and Pacific ports^ through the territory of said State ; the Pres-
ident first making oath that the vessel is owned by said Company ; that all the officers,
and at least two thirds of the crew, are citizens of the United States, or not subj#ts of any
foreign power ; that all the officers and directors of the Company are citizens of the United
States, and tiiat two thirds of the stock is owned by such citizens, and giving satis&ctory
bond in the sum of $ 26,000 for the proper use of the vessel and her register ; and satisfy-
ing the Secretary of the Treasury tiiat the vessel wafl wholly built and equipped in the
United States. The register is to be good but for a year, unless the President renews the
oath. June 29, 1864.
No. 80. Ch. LXXI. An Act to enable the President of the United States to fulfil the
thud article of the Treaty between the United States and the Mexican Republic, of Decern-
her 20, 1858, as amended by the Senate of the United States. $10,000,000 are appropri-
ated ; $7,000,000 upon the exchange of the ratifications of the treaty, and S 3,000,000 as
■oon as the boundary line is surveyed, marked, and established. June 29, 1864.
No. 81. Ch. LXXH. An Act to aid the Territory of Minnesota in the construction of a
Raibroad therein.* There is granted to the Territory of Minnesota for the purpose exclu-
' •Repealed. See No. 72, p. 141.
186 tJlSnTED STATES. [1855.
slTely of aiding in the constnaetion of a railroad firom the Boathom line of said territory,
commenciog at a point between township ranges 9 and 17, thence by the way of St. Paul,
by the most practicable route to the eastern line of said territory, in the direction of Lake
Superior, every alternate section of land designated by odd numbers fat six sections in
wl(Uh on each side d said road within said territory. In ease any of these lands hare be^
preriously sold, or pre-emption rights have attached thereto, an equal quantity may be
selected in alternate sections, ftom the nearest tier of sections ; but in no case shall the
lands be selected more than 16 miles from the line of the road. Lands previously reserved
are exempted from the provisions of this act, e»sept that ttie right of way over the same is
granted. The sections remaining on each side of the road, for a depth of six miles, shall
not be sold for less than double the minimum price. When the Secretary of the Interior
is satisfied that a continuous length of 20 miles of the road is completed, he may issue
patents to the territory for not exceeding 120 sections ; and so, on the completion of each
continuous section of 20 miles. If the road is not completed in 10 years, there shall be no
fiirther sale, and the land unsold shall revert to the United States. These lands shall be
subject to the disposal of any Legislature of the territory, but they shall not be subject to
private entry, until they have been first offered for sale at public auction at tiie increased
price ; nor shall they enure to the benefit of any company heretofore constituted and organ-
ised. No toll shall be charged tiie United States for the transportation of troops or prop-
erty over it, and the mail shall be carried over it, at such price as Congress shall fix.
June 29, 1864.
No. 82. Ch. LXXIX. An Act for the construction of certain Military Roads and Wells m
the Territory of New Mexico. $20,000 are appropriated for the construction and repair of
a road from Taos to Santa Fe ; and $ 12,000 for one from Santa Fe to Dona Am^ of which
any portion may be applied to the sinking of wells, if required by the necessities of said '
road. July 17, 1854.
No. 88. Oh. LXXX. An Act for the payment of the civil officers employed in the Ter-
ritory of New Mexico^ while under military government. The civil offlcera in New Mex-
ico, while it was under military government, shall be paid their salaries from September
22,1846, until March 8d, 1851, at the rate established by General Kearney ; deductii^
what is already pidd by said territory, but no compensation shall be paid to any army
officer for discharging the duties of a civil office. July 17, 1864.*
No. 84. Ch. LXXXI. An Act to provide for the continuation of the Military Road
from Myrtle Creek to Scott^nerg, in Oregon. $20,000 are appropriated. July 17, 1854.
No. 36. Ch. LXXXn. An Act to provide for the Construction of a Maitary Road in
the Territory of Utah. 9 26,000 are appropriated to construct a road commencing at Great
Salt Lake City, and running by way of Prove City, Fillmore City, Paravan Cedar City, to
the eastern boundary of California, in the direction of the Cajon Pass. July 17, 1864.
No. 86. Ch. LXXXni. An Act to authonze the President of the United States to cause
to be surveyed the tract of Land in the Territory of Minnesota belongii^ to the Half-breeds
or Mixed-Bloods of the Daeotah or Sioux nation of Indians f and for other purposes. The
Presidentil authorized to obtain, by exchange, the land from the Indians, and then to
have it surveyed. July 17, 1864. -»
No. 87. Ch. LXXXIV. An Act to amend the Act approved September 27, 1860, to create
the office of Surveyor- General of the PtUHic Lands in Oregon., ^c, and also the Act amen-
datory thereof approved February 19 (14), 1868. Donations hereafter to be surveyed in
Oregon and Washington Territories, clahned under the act of September 27, 1860 (Ch. 76),
shall not include a town site, or lands settled upon for the purposes of business, and all
legal subdivisions, included in whole or in part, in such town sites, &c. shall be subject
to the act of May 23, 1844 (Ch. 17). The two years* occupancy required by the act of Feb-
ruary 14, 1868 (Ch. 69), is reduced to one year. The proviso to the 4th section of act of
27th September, 1850, is repealed, but no sale shall be valid unless the vendor shall have
resided four years on the land. The pre-emption privilege granted by the act of Sep-
tember 4, 1841 (Ch. 16), is extended to Oregon and Washington, with certain limitations.
Two townships of land are reserved fbr Oregon, and two for Washington, for University
puxpoies. The orphans of parents who would have been entitled to a donation under
f
1855.] TITLES AND ABSTKACTS OF THE PUBLIC LAWS. 187
tiiSfl act, shall be eiititled to a quarter section of good agrioultunl land. A Register and
BecdTor are to be app<dnted for each of said territories, at a salary of $2,600 each, and
office rent. Waaliington shall be made a separate sorreying district, and there shall
be a Snnreyor-General thereof, with the powers and pay of the Surveyor-beneral of OvegnL
July 17, 1854.
No. 88. Gh. LXXXV. An Act meiking fwrther appropriiOions for eontinidng the eon'
struetion of roads in the Territory of Minnesota^ in aeeordanee urith the estimates made hy
the War Department, 860,000 arejippropziated. July 17, 1864.
No. 39. Gh. LXXXn. An Act to refund to the Territory of Utah the expenses ineurred
fty said Territory in suppressing Luiian hostilities. An amount, to be determined by the
Secretary of War, not exceeding $20,940.66, is appropriated. The hostilities were in 1860
and 1851. July 17, 1864.
No. 40. Gh. LXXXVII. An Act to authorize the Secretary of War to settle and adjust
the expenses of the Rogue River hidian War. July 17, 1854.
No. 41. Gh. XGIX. An Act regulating the time of holding the sessions of the District
and Circuit Courts of the United States in the Eastern District of ^jfuisiana. (See times
and places of holding Federal Gourts, ante, pp. 111-116.) July 20, 1864.
No. 42. Gh. Gil. An Act making further appropriation for the improvement of the
Cape Fear River, North Carolina. $120,000 are appropriated, for the year ending June
80,1866.
No. 43. Gh. Gm. An Act to establish the offices of Surveyor- General of New Mexico,
Sanzas, and Nebraska, to grant donations to aetttal settlers therein, and for other purposes.
The appointment of a Surveyor*General for New Mexico, at a salary of $8,000, and allow-
ances ibr fhel, &c., with the powers and duties of the Surveyor-General of Oregon, is
authorised. There is given a quarter section (160 acres) of land to every white male citiaen
of the United States, or to eyery white male, above 21 years of age, who has declared his
intention to become a dtiaen, and who was a resident of the Territory January 1, 1868, and
is still a resident ,* or shall remove to and settle in said Territory between January 1, 1858,
and prior to January 1, 1868, on condition of actual settlement and cultivation, for not less
fiian four years. Each donation must i^plude the actual settlement and improvement of
tbe donee, and be selected in legal sub-divisions within three months affcer the settle-
ment is made ; or, if there was no survey at the time of the settlement, within three
months after the survey ; and the IkUure to designate the boundaries within that time
shall forfeit all right thereto. When the Surveyor-General, or other proper officer, is sat-
isfied of the proof of settlement and cultivation, a certificate shall be issued to the person
entitled, on presentation of which, and approval by the Secretary of the Interior, a patent
shall issue. If the settler dies before the completion of the four years, and has continu-
ously occupied and cultivated the premises to the time of his death, the patent shall go to
his heirs at law. If the settier is not a citizen, the patent shall not issue to him until he
becomes a citiaen.
None of the provisions of this act extend to mineral or school lands, salines, military or
other reservations, or lands settled on and occupied for purposes of trade and commerce,
and not for agriculture ; and all legal sub-divisions settied on and occupied, in whole or in
p«rt, for purposes of trade and commerce, and not for agriculture, shall be sutijeot to the
provisions of the act of May 28, 1844 (Gh. 17), whether so settled and occupied before or
alter the survey of said lands, except said lands shall be donated instead of sold.
In each township, sections 16 and 86 shall be reserved for Schools ; and in each terri-
tory, two townships, to be selected in 1^^ subdivisions, of not less than half a section, are
reserved for the establishment of a University in the territory. The provisions of the pre-
MDption act c€ September 4, 1841, extend to lands taken under this act, and to all lands in
Nebraska and Kansas, to which the Indian titie is extinguished ; but notice of the claim
must be made within three months after the survey.
The Snrveyor-Qeneral for New Mexico shall aseertdn the origin, nature, and extent of
all claims to lands under the laws, uss^fes, and customs of Spain and Mexico ; and, for this
purpose, may issue iwtices, summon witnesses, and administer oaths, and do all other
r aeti, axid shall report fUly on all such claims, their validity, or invalidity, and
12*
138 UNITED STATES. [1865.
the THfoos grades of title ; aim upon the looality, extent, and popolatfon of all puebkie,
and the title to lands therein ; bucIi report to be laid before Ctmgresa for its action, a&4
meanwhile the lands to be reserred from sale, and not suliject to dmatlon under this act.
▲ Bnireyor-General shall be appdnted for Nebraska and Kanaas, with the powers, du-
ties, compensation, and allowances as the Surreyor-Genend of Wisconshi and Iowa, who
shall make the necessary surreys of the rarkms Ibies in these territories ; and the sur-
veyed lands shall be from time to time exposed to sale, as other public lands. The public
lands in Nebraska, to which the Indian title shali haye been extinguished, shall oonsti-
tute the Omaha land district ; those in Kansas, the Pawnee land district ; the oSicm to be
established where the President deems expedient, and a register and receiyer ^ppcdnted for
each. July 22, 1854.
No. 44. Ch. CY. An Act ereaiing a Cotteetion District in New Yorh^ to be catted the
District of Dunkirk, and constitiUing Dunkirk a Port of Entry, and the ports of Barcelona,
Silver Qreek, and Cattaraugus Creek Ports of DeUvay. July 27, 1854.
No. 46. Ch. CTL An Act making appropriations to de/ray the expenses of the Cayuse
War. 9 75,000 are aH^wed, and no claims shall be allowed which are not presented at the
Treasury Department within the next fiscal year. July 27, 1854.
No. 46. Ch. Cyn. An Act to increase the saiaries of Executive and Judiciary Officers
in Oregon, New Mexico, Washington, Utah, and Minnesota. The salary of the Governor
of New Mexico is made $ 8,000 ; that of the Secretaries of Oregon, Washington, Utah, and
New Mexico, $2,000 ; the salaries of the Chief Justice and his Associates, in Oregon, Wash-
ington, Utah, and New Mexico, $ 2,500, and, in Blinnesota, S 2,000. July 27, 1854.
No. 47. Ch. CTm. An Act making appropriations for the payment of Invalid and
other Pensions of the United States, for the year ending June dO, 1856. 9 850,700 are ap-
propriated. July 27, 1864.
No. 48. Ch. CIX. An Act making provision for the Posted Service in the State of
California and in the Territories of Oregon and Washington. The special agents of the
Department in California, Oregon, and Washington, may appoint lettor caniers for the
delivery of letters from any post-office in such State and Territories. Tlie carrier may re-
ceive for carrying and delivering each item of ma^^ble matter, a sum not more than may
be recommended by the Postmaster for whose (4Bce he is appointed, but not more than 26
cents shall be changed for any letter, newspaper, ot ounce of other mailable matter. Such
appointments and contracts shall be subject to the approval of the Postmaster^-Qeneral.
No letter or mailable matter shall be delivered by any Postmaster to such carriers, unless
requested in writing by the persons to whom such letters, &c., are directed. All letter
carrier routes establkhed hereby shall be deemed post routes, during their continuance,
and the provisiims of law are applicable thereto.
Dead letters in said State and Territ(»ies, wlilch toaj accumulate after June 90, 1864,
may be returned in periods of not less than 8 months, to the Post-Office at San Francisco,
to be there (except such as postal arrangements with other countries axe required to be
returned unopened to such countries) <^>ened and examined ; such letters as contain valu-
ables to be disposed of according to law, and the rest to be destroyed.
The Postmasters in said State and Territories, ftom July 1, 1853, may be allowed suoh
sums out of the postages collected at tiieir respective offices, as will, in addition to their
conunissions, &c., be sufficient to defray the actual and necessary expenses of tiieir offices.
In the settlement of the accounts of Postmasters in California and Oregon, serving at such
prior to June 80, 1853, all just and reasonable expenses incurred in the dischai^ of th^
official duties, shall be allowed ; but the United States shaU not be charged with any in-
debtedness whatever. July 27, 1854.
No. 49. Ch. ex. An Act to ascertain and adjust the titles to certain lands in the
State of Indiana. The Better and Receiver of the Land Office at Tineennes, with a citt-
zen of Indiana, learned in the law, to be appointed by the President, at $8 per day, are
constitated Commissioners, to ascertain and adjust the titles of any claimant to land
gianted by resolve of Congress of August 29, 1788, and by act of March 3, 1791, and the
acts in aid of and supplimentary^hereto. The Commissioner of the Land-Office shall.is8ae
general instructions, which the said Register shall pubUsh; and each daimant shall.
1855.] TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF THE PUBLIC LAWS. 1S9
iritiiln stK taaaUba ftom meh publication^ file his claim in writiiig, in Bach form as fha in-
Btroctions shall require. At the expitation of the time allowed for filing claims, Ihe Com-
missioners shall meet immediately at Tlncennes, and hear and decide all matters respect-
ing soch claims. Records of the proceedings, and the eyidence in each case, shall be kept.
They can compel witnesses to attend. Any claimant who can show in himself such a title,
as woold, in the Courts of Indblna, bar an action of ejectment, shall be confirmed in his
title. The Ccnnmissioners shall transmit to the General Lond-OfiBce, before September 1,
1865, a transcript of their decisions in favor of claimants, with a statement of the eyidence
on which the claim is founded ; and a like transcript and statement of decisions against
claimants. To each claimant confirmed in his title, a patent shall issue. Those whose
claims haye been rc|}ected may haye thoca revised, unless \he same land has been con-
firmed, by the Board, to another claimant. The patent shall <»ily relinquish the title of
the United States, and shall not abridge the rights of third persons. July 27, 1854.
No. 50. Ch. CLIX. An Act Buppltmentary to an Act entitled " An Act to authorize
Notaries Public to take and ^riify Oaths, Affirmations, and Acknowledgments in certain
cases. The proyiaions of that act are extended to Notaries in the District of Columbia.
" Notaries public are hereby authorized to take depositions, and do quch other acts in rela-
tion to evidence to be used in the Courts of the United Slates, in the same manner, and
with the same eflbct, as Comraiaeioners to take acknowledgments of bail and affidavits, may
DOW lawfully take or do." Jjily29, 1864.
No. 51. Ch. CLAviI. An Act making appropriations for the current and contingent
expenses of the Indian Department, and for fulJUling Treaty Stipulations with various
Indian Tribes, for the year ending June 20, 1855, and for other purposes. ( 2,023,832.72
are appropriated. The President may remove or change the location of any superinten-
dency. The reserve on the Minnesota River, now occupied by the Sioux, of Minnesota, is
confirmed to them forever. The Secretary of the Interior may, in his discretion, use any
part of this appropriation for making treaties in Oregon, Washington, Utah, and New Mex*
ico. July 31, 1854.
No. 52. Ch. CLXXXVII. An Act for the purchase of the Copyright of a work pub-
lished by Thomas H. Sumner, wherein he describes his new Method of ascertaining a
Ship's Position at Sea. ( 10,000 are paid for the transfer of said copyright to the United
States ; and when the transfer is made, and the sum paid, the copyright shall become ex-
tinct, and the book may be published as if no such right had existed. August 2, 1854.
No. 53. Ch. CLXXXVIII. An Act to provide for the accommodation of the Courts
of the United States in the District of Massachusetts, and in the Cities of New York and
Philadelphia, The President may fit up and lease necessary accommodations for the
United States Courts in those places, until permanent ones can be provided. Suitable sites
for buildings, to be used as Court Houses and Post-Offices, may be procured by purchase or
otherwise, in the cities of New York, Boston, and Philadelphia ; and at as early a day as
practicable, plans and estimates for the same shall be prepared, and submitted to Congress,
together with any contracts for any such site or sites, such contracts to be conditional, and
subject to the approval of Congress. August 2, 1854.
No. 54. Ch. CLXXXTX An Act to establish a Port of Delivery at Lake Port, on Lake
Pontchartrain, and for other purposes. August 2, 1854.
No. 55. Ch. CXCI. An Act constituting Madison, in the State of Indiana, a Port of
Ddivery. It is annexed to the Collection District of New Orleans. August 2, 1854.
No. 66. Ch. CXCn. An Act to constitute Tuscumbia, in the State of Alabama, a
Port of Delivery, and for other purposes. Tuscumbia, in Alabama ; Shreveport, in Louis-
iana; Paducah, in Kentucky ; and Jeffersonville, in Indiana, are made ports of delivery, and
annexed to the New Orleans Collection District. August 2, 1854.
No. 57. Ch. CXCIII. An Act creating a Collection District in Texas and Neto Mexico.
The county of El Paso, in Texas, and the Territory of New Mexico, are made the Collection
District of Paso del Norte, for which Frontora, in the county of El Paso, is made the port of
entry and delivery. There shall be a Collector, to reside at Frontera, at a salary of # 2,000.
All cases under the revenue laws, in said district, shall be under the jurisdiction of the
Diatrict Court lor the Territory of New Mexico. August 2, 1864.
140 XTNITED STATES. [1855.
No. 68. Ch. CXCIV. An Act making appropriations for Light-houses, Light-boats,
Buojfs, ^c, and providing for the erection and estabUshment of the same, and /or other
purposes. ( 1,642,078 are appropriated. Where preiiminary surveys are required to deter
mine the necessity, or the proper site, for a light- house, or otherwise, the examinations and
surveys on the seaboard shall be made under the direction of the Coast Survey ; on the
northwestern Lakes under the direction of the Bureau of Topographical Engineers. If
adverse reports are made, they shall be submitted to Congress at its next session; if the
reports are iavorable, the work shall be commenced as soon as valid title to the sites and
State jurisdiction shall be gained. August 3, 1854.
No. 59. Ch. CXCV. An Act to authorize the State of Illinois to select the residue of
the lands to which she is entitled under the Act of March 2, 1327, granting Land to aid
that State in opening a Canal to connect the waters of the Illinois River with those of
Lake Michigan. August 3, 1854.
No. 60. Ch. CXCVI. An Act to amend the provisions of the 56th section of the Act
entitled " An Act to regulate the Collection of Duties on Imports and Tonnage,^' ap-
proved March 2, 1799. If merchandise is imported from a foreign country, in vessels pro-
polled in whole or in p^rt by steam, and the bills of lading show that it is to be delivered
immediately after the entry of the vessel, the Collector may deposit it in a bonded ware-
house. When the biUs of lading do not show that it is to be delivered immediately, the
Collector may so deposit it, at the request of the owner, master, or consignee of the vessel,
on three days' notice to such Collector after the entry of the vessel August 3, 1854.
No. 61. Ch. CXCVm. An Act to constitute Cairo, in the State of Illinois, a Port of
Delivery. It is annexed to the New Orleans Collection District. August 3, 1854.
No. 62. Ch. CXCIX. An Act constituting San Pedro, in the State of California, a Port
of Entry and Delivery. The counties Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, and San Bernardino
are made a Collection District, called San Pedro ; and San Pedro is made the port of entry in
said district, and Santa Barbara a port of deli very. Salary of Collector, 83,000, and $2,000
additional, if his fees amount to that sum. August 3, 1854.
No. 63. Ch. CC. An Act to authorize the State of Wisconsin to select the residue of
the lands to which she is entitled under the Act of August 8, 1846, for the Improvement
of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers. August 3, 1854.
No. 64. Ch. CCI. An Act to vest in the several States and Territories the title in fee
of the lands which have been or may be certified to them. Where lands are, or have
been, granted to any State by a law which does not convey the fee, or require patents to
issue therefor, the certified lists of such lands, either as originals, or as copies of the orig-
inals, or records, shall be regarded as conveying the fee simple of all the lands embraced in
such lists that are of the character contemplated by such act of Congress, and intended to be
granted thereby ; but when the lands are not of such a character, and are not so intended to
be granted, such lists shall be null and void, and shall convey no title, August 3, 1854.
No. 65. Ch. ecu. An Act to constitute Palatka and Bayport, in the State of Flor-
ida r rf /Delivery, respectively, and Keokuk and Dubuque, in the State of Iowa,
P.ilulki s^ aiiiiexed to the Collection District of St. Johns; Bayport to that of St. Marks;
nrul tvFjLik Ilk und Dubuque to that of New Orieans. August 3, 1854.
Nt>- eo Ck CCIV. An Act to revive the Act approved March 3, 1823, and the Act ap-
f^vi:d Mt'ifj "Ho, 1824, supplemental thereto, in reference to the Rio Hondo claims to larui
In LrmisiJina August 3, 1854.
No 5?- Ch. CCXXVn. An Act making t^proprieUions for fortifications and other
ffflr^ efd^fsnce, and for repairs of Barracks and duarters, for the year ending June
30^ IB^f. a ] ,005,500 are appropriated. August 3, 1864.
* Ko. CS. Ch. CCXXX. An Act to establish certain Post Roads. August 3, 1854.
K{?H fiP. Ch. CCXLII. An Act making appropriations for the civil and diplomatic
VSpeifism of Government, for the year ending June 30, 1855, and for other purpose.
V ] 3 ^00,6 1 tX m are appropriated. For the items, see ante, pp. 127, 12a To many of the ap-
propTiatioiiF? for buildings, In addition to the usual conditions, of clear title, exclusive juris-
dictlan, ftftii flipmption from taxation, it is provided that the Secretary of the Treasury, unless
1856.] TITLES AND AB8TBACTS OF THE PTTBLIO LAWS, 141
he can contract with sufficient security for the completion of the building within the appro*
priation, shall not expend any thereof. August 4, 1854.
No. 70. Ch. CCXLIV, An Act toeraduate. and reduce the price of the public lands to
actual settlers and cultivators. All public lands of the United Stales, which have been in
the market for ten years, or upwards, at the time of the application to enter the same under
the provisions of this act, and still remain unsold, shall be subject to sale at $ 1 per acre ;
if for 15 years and upwards, at 75 cents ; if for 20 years and upwards, at 50 cents ; if for 25
years and upwards, at 25 cents ; and if for '30 years and upwards, at 12|- cents per acre.
This does not apply to lands reserved to the United States, in acts granting lands to States
for railroad or other internal improvements; nor to mineral lands held at over (1.25 per
acre.
Upon each reduction in price, the occupant and settler on the lands sliall have the right
of pre-emption thereto, at such graduated price, until 30 days preceding the next graduation
or reduction; and if they are not so purchased, they shall again be subject to the right of
pre-emption for 1 1 months, as before, and so on from time to time as reductions take place.
Any person applying to enter any of the aforesaid lands, must make affidavit at the proper
land office, that he enters the same for his own use, and for actual settlement and cultivation,
or for the useof an adjoining farm or plantation, owned or occupied by himself, and that,
together with such entry, he has not acquired from the United States more than 320 acres.
False swearing under this act, is subjected to the paitft and penalties of perjury. August 4,
1864.
No. 71. Ch. CCXLV. An Act declaring the Southern Boundary of New Mexico.
The territory acquired by the Gadsden treaty is made part of New Mexico. August 4, 1854.
No. 72. Ch. CCXLVI. An Act for the relief of Thomas Bronaugh, and for the repeal
of the Act to aid the Territory of Minnesota in the construction of a railroad therein,
approved June 29, 1854. See ante, No. 31, p. 135. August 4, 1854.
No 73. Ch. CCXLVn. An Act to increase the pay of the rank and file of the Army, and
to encourage enlistments. $4 a month is added to the pay of the non-commissioned officers,
musicians, and privates, to continue 3 years, from January 1, 1856, and until otherwise fixed
by law. A soldier, honorably discharged, who shall, in one month after his discharge, re-
enlist, is entitled to # 2 a month, over the ordinary pay of his grade, for the first period of
five years from the expiration of his previous enlistment, and a further sum of $1 a month for
each successive period of 5 years, so long as he shall remain continuously in the army.
Soldiers, now in the army, who have served one or more enlistments, and been honorably
discharged, are entitled to the benefits of these provisions for second enlistments. Soldiers
In the war with Mexico, who received a certificate of merit, whether now in the army, or
enlisting hereafter, shall receive the $2 a month to which that certificate entitled them had
they remained continuously in the service ; and the noncommissioned officers, who were
recommended for promotion by brevet to the lowest grade of commissioned officers, but who
did not receive the benefit of that provision, shall receive additional pay, like those privates
who received certificates of merit.
The President, with the consent of the Senate, may confer the brevet of 2d lieutenant on
■och meritorious non-commissioned officers, as may be found qualified by an army board of
four officers of rank, for the duties of commissioned officers, and attach them to regiments as
supernumerary officers.
The allowance to soldiers employed at work on fortifications, in surveys, in Cutting roads,
and other constant labor of not less than 10 days, shall be increased to 25 cents per day, to
men employed as laborers and teamsters, and 40 cents as mechanics, at stations east of the
Rocky Monntains ; and to 35 and 60 cents per day respectively, at stations west of those
mountains. August 4, 1854.
No. 74. Ch. CCXLVm. An Act to repeal the first proviso of the fourth section of
the Act entitled " An Act granting bounty land to certain officers and soldiers engaged
in the military service of the United States," approved September 28, 1850. This per-
mits members of Congress to have the benefits of that act. August 4, 1864.
No. 75. Ch. CCXLIX. An Act to extend the Right of Pre-emption over unsurveyed
' land* in Minmsota, and for other purposes. August 4, 1864.
142 UNITED BTATBB. [1863.
No. 76. Ch. CCLXVn. An Act making appropriations for the support of the Army,
for the year ending June 30, 1855. ( 10,403,459.63 are appropriated. The raperintenden-
cj of the armories is given to civilians. August 6, 1^.
No. 77. Ch. CCLXVIII. An Act making appropnatione for the Naval Service for the
year ending June 30, 1855. % 9,306,806.19 are appropriated. The Memphis Navy Yard is
ceded to the city of Memphis. The two general orden of the Secretary of the Navy, of
August 31, 1846, and May 27, 1847, upon relative rank, are made law. August 5, 1854.
No. 78. Cli. CCLXIX. An Act to carry into ^ect a Treaty between the United States
and Great Britain, signed June 5, 1854. Whenever the President of the United States
shall receive satisfactory evidence that the Imperial Parliament of Great Britain and the
Provincial Parliaments of Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island,
have passed laws on their part to give full effect to the provisions of the treaty between the
United Stales and Great Britain, signed on the 5th of June last, he is hereby authorized to
issue his proclamation, declaring that he has such evidence, and thereupon, from the date
of such proclamation, the following articles, being the growth and produce of said provinces
of Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward's Island ; to wit :
Grain, flour, and breadstuffs of all kinds ; animals of all kinds ; fresh, smoked, and salted
meats; cotton-wool; seeds and vegetables ; undried fruits; dried fruits; fish of all kinds;
products of fish and other creatures living in the water; poultry; eggs; hides, furs, skins
or tails undressed ; stone or marble in%s crude or unwrought state ; slate ; butter, cheese,
tallow; lard; horns; manures; ores of metals of all kinds; coal; pitch, tar, turpentine;
ashes; timber and lumber of all kinds, round, hewed, and sawed, unmanufactered in whole
or in part; firewood, plants, shrubs, and trees ; pelts; wool; fish-oil; rice; broom-corn and
bark ; gypsum ground or unground ; hewn or wrought or unwrought burr or grindstones ;
dye-stuffs; flax, hemp, and tow, unmanufactured; unmanufactured tobacco, rags; —
Shall te introduced into the United States free of duty, so long as the said treaty shall renuun
in force, — subject, however, to be suspended in relation to the trade with Canada, on the
condition mentioned in the fourth article of the said treaty : And all the other provisions of
the said treaty shall go into effect, and be observed on the part of the United States.
f 2. Whenever the island of Newfoundland shall give its consent to the application of
the stipulations and provisions of the said treaty to that Province, and the Legislature
thereof and the Imperial Parliament shall pass the necessary laws for that purpose, the
above-enumerated articles shall be admitted free of duty from that Province into the United
States, from and after the date of a proclamation by the President of the United States, de-
claring that he luts satisfactory evidence that the said Province has consented in a due and
proper manner to have the provisions of the treaty extended to it, and to allow the United
States the full benefits of all the stipulations therein contained. August 5, 1854.
No. 79. Ch. CCLXX. An Act making appropriations for the service of the PoM- Office
Department during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1855. (^ 10,379,000 are appropriated ;
and $2,344,464 are appropriated to supply any deficiency that may arise in the revenues of
the Department to meet the foregoing appropriatiens. The Postmaster General is directed
to continue the steam mail service during the months of August and September, as is now
done for 10 months in the year, between Charleston and Key West and Havana. The Postmas-
ter, at Washington, D. C, is allowed the compensation of 1 mill per pound upon the aggre-
gate weight of public documents mailed firom his ofilce, this allowance to continue for one
year only, and to be computed (h>m the ascertained weight for January, 1854. Out of such
commissions, he shall pay the employees in his office, not exceeding f 250 each, per annum,
as their compensation for services upon these documents. The Postmaster General shall
establish a daily mail on the Mississippi River, from Cairo to New Orleans, and a mail from
Keokuk, Iowa, to Galena, in Dlitiois. August 5, 1864.
No. 80. Ch. CCLXXL An Act to establish certain additional Post-Roads. August 6,
1854.
No. 81. Ch. CCLXXIV. An Act authorizing the payment of balance of the Property
Accounts between the United States and the State of New York, for military stores in the
War 0/1812. The balance is # 11,929.45. August 5, 1864.
No. 82. Ch. CCLXXVI. An Act to establish a Land District in the State of Florida^
' bs called the District of Tampa. August 6, 1854.
1855.] PUBLIC RESOLUTIONS. 143
IX. PUBLIC RESOLUTIONS.
[The omilied numbers are private resolutions.]
No. 1. Joint Resolution of Thamks to OenertU John E. Wool. The thanks of Cod-
gresa are dae, and are hereby tendered, to Brevet Major- General John £. Wool, for his dis-
tinguished services in the late war with Mexico, and especially for the skill, enterprise, and
courage which distinguished his conduct at the battle of Buena Vista. The President is
nqueated to cause a sword, with suitable devices, to be presented to General Wool, as a tes-
timony of the high sense entertained by Congress of his gallant and judicious conduct on
that memorable occasion. January 24, 1854.
No. 3. A Resolution authorizing an increase of the force in the office of the Superin-
tendent of the Public Printing. February 10, 1864.
No. 4. A Resolution for supplying nete members of the Senate and House ofRepre-
sentatives voith such books of a public character as have been heretofore supplied. Feb-
ruary 23, 1854.
No. 5. Joint Resolution authorizing a supplemental contract for certain marble for
the Capitol Extension. March 1, 1864.
No. 6. A Resolution accejaing certain volumes and medals presetted by her Britannic
Majesty's Government to the United States. The presentation volumes and medals, illus-
trative of the Exhibition in London, in 1851, are accepted, and placed in the Library of Con-
gress. March 27, 1854.
No. 7. Joint Resolution authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury and Light-house
Board to determine upon the site, plan, and mode of constructing the Light-house on
Cohasset Rocks, and for other purposes. March 27, 1864.
No. 8. Joint Resolution relative to bids for provision, clothing, and small stores for
the use of the Navy. All such bids may be rejected, at the option of the Department, if
made by one who is not known as a manufacturer of, or regular dealer in, the article pro-
posed to be furnished ; which fact, or the reverse, must be distinctly stated in the bids of-
fered. The bids of all who have failed to fulfil any contracts previously entered into with the
United States, shall, at the option of the Department, be rejected. If more than one bid be
offered for the supply of an article on account of any one party either in his own name, or in
the name of his partner, clerk, or any other person, the whole of such bids shall be rejected
at the option of the Departmmt. Copartners shall not be received as sureties for each other.
Whenever it is necessary for the interest of the government, and the health of the crews of
the United States vessels, to procure particular brands of flour, which are known to keep
bwt on distant stations, the same may be procured in market overt. March 27, 1864.
No. 10. A Resolution authorizing the Secretary of the TVeeuury to pay the expenses of
codifying and revising the Revenue Laws. $ 6,000 are appropriated ; and report of expen-
diture be made by Secretary of the Treasury, to Congress, in December, 1864. April 6, 1864.
No. 11. A Joint Resolution authorizing the accounting officers of the Treasury to
adjust the expenses of a Board of Commissioners appointed by the Territsrial Assembly
of Oregon f to prepare a code of laws ; also to adjust the expense of collecting and print-
ing certain laws and archives of the Territory of Oregon. May 3, 1854.
No. 12. A Resolution for extending an existing contract for carrying the Mail in
Alabama, May 3, 1354.
No. 13. Joint Resolution directing the connection of the public surveys in Alabama,
with the boundary line between the States of Alabama and Florida. June 29, 1864.
No. 16. Joint Resolution explanatory of the 2d section of a Resolution to establish
certain Post Routes, approved July 12, 1852. July 17, 1864.
No. 17. A Resolution providing for the distribution of the Worlm of T%omas Jeffer-
son. July 20, 1864. *
No. 18. Joint Resolution to fix the compensation of the employees in the Legislaiive
Department, and to prohibit the allowance of the usucd extra compensation to such as
receive the benefits hereof 20 per cent, added to their present compensation. July 20, 1864.
No. 25. A Joint Resolution directing the presentation of a Medal to Commander
JhmcanN. Ingraham. It is ibr rescuing Martin Koszta from the Austrian war-brig
Hoasar. August 4, 1854.
144
UNITED BTATBS.
[1855,
X. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.
1. Statement of Duties^ Revenues, and Public Expenditures^ during the Fiscal
Years ending June 30, 1852, and June 30, 1853.
[Prom Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury, Jan. 16, 1853, and Dec. 6, 1853. j
The receipts into the Treasury were as fol-
lows : —
From customs, viz. : —
During the first quarter, ending Sept. 30, $14,754,909.34
During the second quarter, '* Dec. 31 , 9,601,509.40
During the third quarter, '< Mar. 31, 12,109,761.80
During the fourth quarter, " June 30, 10,873,146.08
Total customs.
From sales of public lands.
From miscellaneous sources.
Total receiots, exclusive of loans, &c ,
Balance in the Treasury, July 1, 1851 and '52,
Total means
Year ending
June 30, 18^
47,339,326.62
2,043,239.58
345,820^69
49,728,386.8<)
10,911,645.68
The expenditures, exclusive of trust funds,
were as follows : —
Civil List.
Legislature,
Executive,
Judiciary,
Governments in the Territories,
Surveyors and their clerks.
Officers of the Mint and branches.
Commissioner of the Public Buildines,
Secretary to sign patents for public Euids,
Total civil list,
Foreign Intercourse,
Salaries of Ministers,
Salaries of Secretaries of Legation,
Salaries of Charges d' Affaires, .
Salary of Minister Resident to Turkey,
Salary of Dragoman to Turkey and contin<
gencies,
Contingent expenses of all the missions abroad,
Contingent expenses of foreign intercourse.
Salary of the Consul at London,
Clerks, office, &c. of Consul, London,
Salary of Consul at Beyrout,
Salary of Consul at Alexandria,
Salaries of Consuls at KuanjE Chew, &.C., China,
Office-rent of Consul at Bale, Switzerland,
Relief and protection of American seamen,
Commissioner in China, Sec, & Interpreter,
Commissioner in China and outfit.
Secretary and Interpreter to Chinese Mission,
Certain diplomatic services,
60,640,032.57
1,248,017.90
1,248,011.91
718,065.44
77,515.58
72,528.46
55,300.00
2,000.00
1,500.00
3,422,939i29
71,226.71
16,518.36
77,278.61
6,000.00
4,000.00
30,311.12
36,725.62
2,000.00
2,800.00
739.13
3,000.00
3,855 50
100.00
135,844.16
6,500.00
Yearendin
June 30, ISi:
15,723,935.71
11,307,465.45
16,208,496.82
15,691,965.54
58,931,865.52
1,667,084.99
738,623.89
61,337,574.40
14,532,636.37
75,969,710.77
2,015,313.16
1,611,814.36
878,309.54
123,764.86
98,080.01
52,550.00
3,065.00
1,500.00
4,784,396.93
♦ 290,005.74
24,060.72
9,000.00
5,250.00
51,164.28
34,399.43
3,000 00
2,090.75
625 00
6,250.00
3,000.00
100.00
113,146.20
33,185.39
3,750.00
22,014 19
• TWa includes the salaries of Charges d' Affaires, and outfits of Ministers and Charges-
1855.]
REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE*
145
Commissioner to Sandwich Islands, .
A. TenEyck's salary and cent, expenses,
Intercourse with Barhary powers, .
Interpreters, guards, <&c. at the Consulates in
Turkish dominions, ....
Instalment and interest due May 30, 1852, un
der Art. 12 of treaty with Mexico,
Contingent expenses of commissioners, under
treaty with Mexico, ....
Do. do. under convention with Brazil, ^
Expenses of agent of Sublime Porte, .^
Treaty of peace, limits, and boundaries, &c.,
with Mexico, . .
Awards under the 15th Article of said treaty,
To enahi^he President to conclude a treaty
witl^^Bbo,
LiquiAB^aims against Mexico, .
Payment under 9th Art. of treaty with Spain,
Repayments on appropriations where there
were no expenditures.
Total foreign intercourse, . •
MisceUaneous.
Surveys of public lands, . . . ,
Collecting revenue frem sales of public lands.
Support and maintenance of light-nouses, &c.,
Buildinc light-houses, &c., . . . ,
Marine liospitals,
Building marine hospitals, and repairs,
Public buildings in Washington, &c.,
Repairs Congressional Library, .
Patent fund,
Mail service for government.
Mail service for Congress, &c.,
Deficiency in Post Office revenue,
Mail service for census papers,
Selecting certain Wabasn and Erie Canal lands
in Ohio, act June 30, 1834, . .
Geologists and survey, &c. of mineral lands
in Michigan, Iowa, &c..
Completing survey of copper region in Mich.,
Pay^ment of war bounty land warrants,
Building custom-houses and warehouses,
Expenses of collecting revenue from customs,
Survey of the coast of the United States, .
Subdividing Islands on the coast of California,
Survey of South Florida reefs, dLc,
Repairs of steamer Bibb ....
Fuel and quarters of army officers on Cst. Sur.,
Completing east wing Patent-Office building.
Erecting west wing " " "
Mint establishment,
Relief of sundry individuals,
Auxiliary watch in the city of Washington,
Expenses incident to loans and Trea8.-noteB.
Year ending
June 30, 18^.
$3,795.90
1,309.11
9,312.11
1,021.78
3,180,000.00
950.75
5,850.00
51.81
3,500.00
529,980.78
4,132,671.45
242,883.52
167,082.14
597,466.09
113,103.33
203,115.23
128,693.44
141,406.23
99,117.00
865,555.55
163,888.89
12,000.00
1,049.97
3,610.51
12,780.77
5,900.00
521,491.23
2,082,633.24
363,000.00
30,000.00
166,117.44
140,003.02
185,485.44
15,295.24
11,408.33
Year ending
June 30, 18^
$2,250.00
13,767.40
989,77
13,412.70
10,914.99
21.894.12
544.86
870.00
66,655.40
599,030.14
295,262.44
112,220.46
615,638.42
325,975.09
280,750.10
42,596.53
127,447.25
62,500.00
111,544.87
900,000.00
875,000.00
378,750.00
1,325.00
581,554.12
2,243,377.73
336,000.00
20,000.00
30,000.00
18,000.00
• 4,500.00
123,382jB6
62,OOO.0P
153,530.42
328,133J36
15,190.00
12,779.38
13
146
UNITED STATES.
[1865.
Expenses incident to Texas indemnity stock,
Support of the penitentiary in Diet. Columbia,
Support of lunatics of the Dist. of Columbia,
Erecting Asylum for insane in Dist Columbia,
Support of twelve transient paupers,
Cleaning and deepening Wash. City Canal,
Repairs of bridges, and draw-keepers,
Repayment of debt of cities of Dist. of Col.,
Three per cent, to Illinois,
Three per cent, to Missouri, ^ .
Two and Three per cent, to Alabama, .
Two and Three per cent, to Mississippi, .
Five per cent, to Michigan, •
Five per cent, to Arkansas,
Five per cent, to Florida,
Five per cent, to Iowa, ....
Five per cent, to Louisiana, .
Maine, under treaty stipulations,
Debentures, drawbacks, bounties, &c..
Excess of deposits for unascertained duties
repaid to importers,
Debentures and other charges (customs),
Debentures aifll other charges (lands).
Relief of the cities of the Dist. of Columbia,
Payment of horses, &c., lost,
Refunding duties on fbreicn merchandise,
Tonnage duties on Spanisn vessels refunded,
Certain duties refunded, ....
Refunding duties on sugar and molasses,
Repayment for lands erroneously sold,
Remnding purchase-money for land sold in
the Greensbur^; district, Louisiana,
Settling land claims in California, •
Northern boundary of Iowa,
Boundary between Missouri and Iowa, .
Boundary between Wisconsin and Minesota,
Locating bounty land warrants,
Results and acct. of the Exploring Expedition,
Smithsonian Institution, act Aug. 10, 1846,
Expenses of mineral land service.
Salaries of assistant treasurers and clerks.
Contingencies under act for collect, pub. rev.,
Compensation of spec, agents to ex. accounts.
All other items of a mbcellaneous nature, .
Claims not otherwise provided for, .
Consular receipts,
Building and e<|uipping six revenue-cutters,
Hbtorical paintings for the Capitol, .
Pay to each designated depositary (i per cent.),
Itiorary for Territory of Wew Mexico, .
Fublic buildings " " "
Fublic buildings, Minesota Territory,
Penitentiary, " *«
Public Library, Washington Territory, .
Special examiners of drugs and medicines.
Taking 7th census,
Year ending
June 30, 1852.
$ 1,000.00
11,920.00
8700.44
2,000.00
5,000.00
9,833.38
60,000.00
11,833.25
31,414.33
17,497.96
14,643.45
3,617.06
1,216.77
6,464.36
9,472.00
60,610.31
544,452.38
846,918.86
113,307.73
36,868.54
1,053.05
138,086.41
799.50
719.37
221,985.87
49,916.39
649.91
50,000.00
13,342.31
54,515.30
20,000.00
30,910.14
24,049.59
7,783.33
2,706.81
1,943.29
9,982.38
388.75
2,000.00
168.24
4,418.37
300.00
10,000.
10,000.
5,750.451
547,385.0'^
Year endioe
June 30, 1853.
$ 204.18
9,210.00
8,982.77
35,000.00
2,000.00
24,607.00
60,000.00
17,405.84
13,875.17
11,812.99
8,941.80
1,865.22
01.90
765.73
11,269.07
519,680.11
1,052,086.75
187,326.19
1,776.87
43,378.42
2,215.01
19,396.61
34,035.14
3,741.83
49,633.65
14,724.65
5,521.34
600.00
18,000.00
30,910.14
27,317.37
25,121.41
16,188.07
1,161.07
3,214.95
31,376J34
317.60
564.67
19,700.00
6,000.00
4,000.00
7,300.75
127,485.30
i
1855J
REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.
U7
Year ending
June 30, 1852.
Year endin
June 30, 18i
5,916 copies Congr. Globe and Appendix
Purchase of Annals of Congress, .
1,000 copies Works of John Adams, .
Reporting and publishing House proceedings
in Daily Globe,
Binding 5,500 copies Cong. G. & App. for 2d
Seas. 31st Cong.,
2d and 3d voIs.,oth series, of Doc. History,
219 copies 8th vol. Am. Archives, .
Boundary line. United States and Mexico,
Reconstructing maps showing Northeastern
Boundary line, . .
Returning fugitives from service, .
Indians in old States, . . . ■ .
Cherokees that remained in N. Carolina,
Cemetery in Mexico, ....
Extension of Capitol, ....
Military Asylum, ....
Land north of Post>Office building.
Geological reconnoissance in Oregon,
For burial-place of seamen from New York
hospital,
Sale of goods by act April 2, 1844,
Increase of salaries ana pay.
Redemption loan office certificates, &c.,
Payment to Chickasaws, loss by government
defaulter,
Supervising and locol inspectors
Oregon, defense against Cay use Indians,
Statues for east front of Capitol,
Carrying electoral votes to Washington,
100 sets statutes at large.
Printing estimates of appropriations, .
Miscellaneous items, ....
Total miscellaneous.
Under the direction of the Depart, of Interior,
Indian department,
Fulfilling Indian treaties
Pensions, war,
Pensions, naval,
Claims of the State of Virginia,
Relief of sundry individuals.
Total under direction of Depart, of Interior,
Under the direction of the War Department.
Army proper, ......
Military Academy,
Fortifications, and other works of defence.
Armories, arsenals, and munitions of war,
Harbors, roads, rivers, &c..
Surveys, . . . ...
Arming and equi[>ping the militia.
Payments to militia and volunteers.
Relief of individuals and miscellaneous.
Total under direction of the War Dep't,
$ 18,540.00
60,000.00
10,000.00
10,001.25
3,187.50
20,a59.00
3,045.41
85,575.48
593.86
1,000.00
19,975.49
^9,000.00
175,000.00
118,791.19
9,877.93
9,824,158.02
2,114,841.93
722,410.74
2,134,220.87
211,002.99
16,352.41
5,198,828.94
5,931,447.92
164,057.17
285,596.71
848,057.73
17,059.86
57,950.00
260,247.70
345,682.79
315,147.04
^a>5,246.92
$345,4
2,080.00
2,586.29
3,480.34
515,000.00
16,984.25
5,000.00
1,070.16
170,426.04
4,442.05
45,592.68
24,614.36
84,324.16
5,830.00
18,917.50
3,150.00
2,970.00
2,723.44
,792,369.70
3,761,102.74
1,551,923.80
175,396.30
20,043 75
21,069.00
5,529,535.59
7,314,491.18
146,523.53
112,675.37
856,421.97
468,579.30
208,213.16
202,399.78
361,986.18
276,000.40
9,947,290.87
148
UNITED STATES.
[1856.
Under t/te direction of the Navy Department.
Pay and subsistence, includ'g medicines, &c.,
Increase, repairs, ordnance, and equipment,
Continjj^nt expenses, ....
Navy yards, ......
Navy hospitals, asylums, and magazines, .
Nautical Almanac,
Relief of individuals and miscellaneous, .
Marine Corps,
Dry docks,
Steam mail service,
Total under direction of the Navy Dep't,
PvJblic Debt.
Paying the old public debt.
Interest on the public debt.
Reimbursement of Treasury-notes per acts
priorto July 22, 1846, ....
Ditto per acts July 22, 1846, and Jan.28, 1847.
Interest on $ 5,000,000, Texas stock,
Redemption of stock, loan of 1842,
Redemption of stock, loan of 1843,
Redemption of stock, loan of 1846,
Redemption of stock, loan of 1847,
Redemption of stock, loan of 1848,
Premium, commission, &c. on stock redeemed.
Redemption stock certificates for 4th and 5th
instalments of Mexican indemnity, .
Redemption of Treas.-notes purloined, .
Total public debt,
Total expenditures, .
Balances in the Treasury, July 1, 1852 and '53,
$3,238,191.72 $3,782,236.35
Year ending
June 30, 1852
2,200,861.27
547,798.75
741,692.68
15715.78
17,776.00
163,239.78
387,101.14
671,796.91
944,062.02
8,928,23605
1,460.31
*3,750,297.80
50.00
t250.00
250,000.00
745,637.50
9.74
1,070,450.00
170,063.42
287,596.76
6,275,815.53
46,007,89620
Year ending
June 30, 1852
2,300,607.09
534,467.31
693,038.12
36,428.45
883,210.56
364,661.54
732,056.65
1,564,933.61
10,891,639 59
1,165 91
"3,665,832.74
250.00
100.00
167,495.60
4,296,862.50
68,200.00
1,668,650.00
193,300.00
420,498.64
200.00
10,482,555^39
54,026,818.21
14,632,136.37121,942,892.56
2. Statement of Duties, Revenues, and Public Expenditures during the Fiscal
Year entUng June 30, 1854, agreeably to warrants issued, exclusive of
Trust Funds and Treasury Kotes funded,
BEGBIPTS.
From Cu8tom8,quarter ending Sept. 30, 1853, $ 19,718,822.00
Dec. 31, 1853, 13,587,821.27
Mar. 31, 1854, 16,896,724.83
June 30, 1854, 14,020,822.17
— : $64,224,190.27
Sales of public lands, ^'tl^'l^lS
Miscellaneous and incidental sources, . . . 854,71 b.54
Total receipts, . ... * ''^'^^'I5^?2
Balance in Treasury, July 1, 1853, 21,942,892.56
Total means, $95,492,597,76
* locludiog Treasury-notes and Mexican indemnity stock,
t $50 was received for customs.
1855. J REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE. 149
XZPSKDITURES.
For civil list, $ 4,649,384.98
" foreign intercourse,* 7,726,677.13
^' miscellaneous, 13,531,310.33
Vnder the direction of the Department of the Interior, 2,609,054.79
«* " " War Department, . . . 11,733,629.48
« ". " Navy *».... 10,768,192.89
For public debt, viz. : —
Interest on public debt, including Treas-
ury-notes, $ 3,071,016.69
Redemption of stock, loan of 1842, . . 2,813,769.62
Ditto, 1843, . 1,397,831.35
Ditto, 1846, . . 2,2ai,435.59
Ditto, 1847, . 7,899,950.00
Ditto, 1848, . . 2,656,958.20
Redemption of Texan indemnity stock, 520,000.00
Redemption of debt contracted by cities of
Washington, Georgetown, and Alexa., 712,800 00
Premium, &c. on stock redeemed, . 2,991,668.69
Reimbursement of Treasury-notes, . . 250.00
24,347,680.14
Deduct repayments, .... 11,299.48
Total expenditures,
Balance in Treasury, July 1, 1854,
24,336,380.66
$75,354,630.26
$ 20,137,967.50
3. Statement of the Debt of the JMted States on tlie Zd ofDecernber, 1853.t.
Denomination of Debt
Rate of
Interest
per Cent.
When
redeemable.
Amount.
Principal and interest ^ the old
funded and unfunded debt,
Treasury-notes of 1812, and
Yazoo scrip.
Debt of the corporate cities of the
District of Columbia, assumed
peractofMay 20, 1836, .
Outstanding Treasury-notes funda-
ble or payable,
Loan of April 15, 1842,
" March 3, 1843, .
" July 22, 1846, .
" January 28, 1847,
« March 31, 1848,
Texan indemnity ,
Ditto, ditto, not issued
Present amount as above, . .
5*
6
5
6
6
6
5
On present'ion
On present'ion
Dec. 31, 1862
July 1, 1853
Nov. 12, 1856
Jan. 1, 1868
July 1, 1868
Jan. 1,1865
$ 114,ll8.54
24,000.00
114,511.64
6,872,135.54
92,800.00
4,048,400.00
20,738,700.00
14,444.491.80
4,887,000.00
5,000,000.00
$56,336,157.52
* (7,000,000 of this amount was payment to Mexico to fulfil the third article of the
Treaty between the United States and Mexico of Dec. 13, 1853.
t Public debt outatanding October 1st, 1864, $45,640,606.05.
13*
150
UIQTED STATES.
[1866.
4. Statement of the Expenditures of the United Slates for 65 years^ exclusive
of Payments on account of the Public Debt and from Trust Funds, frac-
tions excluded.
I
CiTil List.
Fctftign iiilor-
MUiiafy EfitAb-
A^;gpegat#af]
SiXpsi ill t D fn.
Ycani.
NmtiI Ertab- '
eoMi^^ and
iSilmiant-t
luImMQl.
In e^h Tea r
Ill aa£h Period
[V[isfl:#itUfie<JU3
offflurYoon,
17B9-ai
a 1,033,401
iKi^eia
§570
1 1,919,589
17^
1731
J,223,5ft4
&:i
l,!s7T,9ft4
1,710,070
« 3,797,493
17^
705,598
2,733,540
61,4^
3,500,647
171*5
1,367:(J37
8,B73,Cfe59
AlQ^im
4.:iai,fi53
I7S6
1797
772,*^ <
, 1,474,661
l,i^,CJ65
274,7c^
2:521,330
2.^23,591
12,(63,305
1793
i,u\sm
2,13r>,837
\Mm^
AMA.'^m
17^
1,039,393
^,5H2,&,i3
a.>if*(,lH2
6,480,167
laoo
1901
1,111,76;*
2.^26 ,tH I
1,755,477
3,448,716
2,in,4^
7,4ll.3rrO
4.sei,ee9
21,33^,361
l#tt
l,4«a,9'2S
i.asH.S'^a
yi5,56^3
3.737,080
1803
1,^43,(33*5
^l.flTjS
1,215,!£11
4,0(^,825
teen
isns
a,i9i,(ios
1,072,017
391,136
l.W7,600
4,4,'5a,859
6.357,2^
t7,m,43S
iao6
2.831,037
1,640,431
1,649,641 1
e,08[,KJfl
1^
l,e^,W97
i,€ei.6n
i.-m.iM
4,aS4.672
isos
19119
1,5*16.304
3,I06,9)?5
3,771,1(«
L.SM.Ofe
2,427,75y
6,5c>4,SJ3
7,414,672
23,927.244
18i0
1,101,1-45
2,555.ea3
1,654.214
s,3n.as:i
imi
1,307.291
2,aS9,747
l,96i^56G
6,532.€04
isia
1,693,068
12,1 ^7,0K
3,3.^9.BGS
I7,sa9,499
36^U7^S7
1SI3
l,7Sffl.43a
19,906,3ea
fi,4ie,a<o
23,052,397
1S14
£,3oe,oa9
2(1,6(18,366
i;<M\;m
aO,127,GS6
m\B
S,SS!!^,S71
15.;itM,700
S|ffiO,OfK)
26,353,571
, ime
2,W8&,74a
16,475,412
fln,^
'2:3,373,432
108,537,066
18i7
3,5ife,S(37
8.621 ,076
I6,4c>4j^l0
\%Y%
7.ni9,H0
2^553,635
13,9a?,©74
J HI 9
3,007 ,5iia
9,355,421
3,ti47,64(J
I6,ai0,'273
\m}
2.592,022
fi, 154,61^
4,aS7,&3tl
i3a34,riao
5^,598,087
192L
%^i^,VU
5,181, 114
a,3l9,5frl3
10,723.479
\fm
1,957,99B
£,635,18?
2,224,4,'ig
9.^37,643
\im
a,OS!a,(i94
5,258,295
2.503,766
9,784,156
19JH
7,155.309
2J4hi,M4
5.270,255
5,6ea.83i
2,904,532
3,043.064
15,33(.1,145
.U,4SW,459
•l3.06a,3]6
45,6SS.421
isiis
1££M
2,«00,17^
6,at3.2;^6
4,2IS,902
13^
2,314,777
li.C75,742
4,2fi3,l*7y
ta,2fr1,3y7
SI
1 ^i,*^,aDS
5,701,203
3,3lH,7d6
12,506,041
43,313,313
3,0et£,214
6,250 ,5^j0
3,308,745
ri.65l,4fl9
1S3«
3,22S,41G
6,75M,titi9
3,2:t3.4--i9
13,220,«»4
1331
3,0(54,346
6>J3,ii;ffl
3,856,183
13,863,708
isaa
4,574 ,H41
7,9S2.S77
3.1^,370
l6,5H,n(=«
66,^9,sra
1^33
5.Dr>1.7^
i3,t>3s,jBa
3,yDl„157
22,043,296
lasi
4.3SD,773
10,0^,439
3,956,260
18,4Ja3,467
: 1S35
2.TM),\m
9,420,313
3,^1,933
17,005,413
isoa
h;m,2Ti
i^.4eo:iio
fi,eOU,763
i^.6.'iS,M4
S7,iao,4a8
, tS37
E, 534 ,253
10.417.274
a, 852.060
31,733,697
193^
5,666,703
Ifi.p36.3r-i
5.975,771
31,578,7^5
iS3y
4,Em,sea
I4,26S,'J'*1
K^sm
25,488,,5.47
1840
5,6sl,B78
fi.|yo,R3i
Il,e21,4^«
J3,70J,9HS
6,124,456
6.001 ,C^77
KJ.;t27,772
26,196,840
03,i(§s,rai
L.H4J
0,775,8*25
9,188,469
8:3^,243
24.3G1 ,337
«mn,oriS13
2,8C7,-2a3
4,15&l,3*l
3,672,718
10,69«.391
1 *[!^4
5 2ai,?47
B.asiaiT
0,633.303
6,496.931
6,235,639
19,96a,0r35
iil ,370,049
81,216,©^
*lrl4G
6.7^,000
13,670,438
6,450.p*62
25,813,290
*1847
e,7lci,?i54
4l,aSl,606
7/J3[,633
H5,i29.0^
1 *L^1^
5,5H5,07tJ
U,017J^0
27.830,163
17,290,936
94oo.7:;r7
&^,H69,818
42,81 1 ;970
57,B31,667
146,994,4^
♦IflSfJ
14.839.735
12,801.764
7,383 313
43,002,168
*1SSI
l7,8r^,B07
11,^11,733
8,987,71)8
48,(XJi5,879
♦1953
1 tl^
i7,3r!Lt.re'3
17,175.707
13,424,075
I5,4rfi,^rjj
10,831.640
16.007,^96
43,643.263
194,647.610
^.* fistt the ywN ern[lng J una 3^>,
iM |ii|e;|uclinj{ the Oep LrLineia of ilio IjiieriDr fai miil jfiicfi 1B60.
1856.] REVENUE ANB EXPENDITURE. 161
1^. SUOemmt rf the Receipts into the National Treasury^ from Cnstoms^ In-
Umal Revenue and DireU Taxes^ and Sales of Public Lands, -^fractions
of a Dollar being excluded^— for 65 y ear s^ from 1789 to 1853 inclusive.
Tears.
Customs.
Internal and
Direct 'Tues.
Aggregate of Receipts.
Sales of Lands
1789-91
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1801
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1899
1840
1841
1842
6 mo. of 1843
♦1844
♦1^5
♦1^6
♦1847
♦1848
♦1849
>1850
♦1851
♦1852
♦1863
t^,JK9,473
3,443,0ri
4,253,306
4,aOl,0flS
7,S19,650
10^7,y),773
ia,93S,4gJ'
H,fie7.6sa
I6,3€3,&60
7,390,021
9,693.309
t3,ai3,S£23
8,958,778
13,2^,633
6,999,772
7,282,^2
36,306,S7&
S6<283,3ie
17,176,385
20,283,609
l3,0tM,447
17,589,762
19,0^,433
17,S7B,K6
20,099,714
S3,il[,3:^
19,7ia;2a.1
22,6S1 ,9GG
21,fl2i,3yi
yi'.N:^i^.:Kiia
ly.i-iyijail
33^40^,940
J 1.169,290
ie,I3g,800
23j 137,3525
13,499,502
14,497,217
Jfl,I§7,|)09
7,046,844
26,lg3,&71
2r,&24ai3
26,7r^,6G9
K:i,747,SS4
31,757,070
as,^46,739l
49,017,663
47.339,336
6%03U86S
• 208,943
337,706
274,090
337,755
475,290
575,491
644,358
779,136
1,643,620
1,582,377
828,464
287,059
101,139
43,631
75,866
47,784
27,370
11,662
19,879
9,962
5,762
8,561
3,881,482
6,840,733
9,378,344
4,512^288
1,219,613
313,244
137,847
98,377
88,617
44,580
40,865
28,102
28,228
22,513
19,671
25,838
29,141
ir,440
18,422
3,153
4,216
14,723
1,099
• 4,836
83,641
11,963
444
167,726
1«3,G28
ia^,67D
4S7,Sa7
540.1M
765, SN6
6-17 ,B3a
4-12,252
69a,5|9
1,040,283
71 0,42^
rA655
1,135,971
I,a37,9fi9
1,901 .fe26
2,60(5,605
3,274,423
1 ,eii'j,8rii
l,212,i)fili
i,«oa,s^
9l6,li33
[K.1,418
i,2ie,ogo
l,39[i.7«S
1,495,345
t,aiig,3l}9
1,517,176
2,329,356
3,2LO,8|S
2,623,3^1
3,9G7,Ba2
4,a57,(KM
4,757.601
4,e77,iyo
6,863,6M
3,2t>£,184
7.1161,113
3,494,356
1,470,296
I,456,a-J3
1,01S,4S2
2:320,94i?
2,241,021
2,786,570
3,679,e79
a,727,eM
3,707,112
3,295,412
• 4,300,473
3,fiS2,Ol4
4/i33,012
6,07&,1S6
S, 020,216
7.(34-9, 114
7,76J,aS3
n»59,r3S&
10,634,907
i2,5(io,ea!
13,405,328
10,9(^,15^
11,687,231
13,520,312
IS,S0a,S09
ie,350,4GD
r7,03g,y©9
7,749,835
9j 200, 737
14,363,423
9,074,968
14,068,839
11,017.225
15,4U;634
47,4fB.201
32,786,862
21 ,003,503
5i3, 871^6
16,77y,y3l
14,31.^79I:^
ia48l,9Gl
20,Q49,J5i36
ia,900,60G
21,343.906
24,763,345
24,243,S(M
24,2^,979
ti4.2^,aSS
27,452,697
3U107,M0
33,(M3,M4
21,076,774
aije3,63tj
4^^,288,210
18,012, §4 e
10,373,9^1
3j,3oy,i>i;^
l6,993,^rH
15,907,512
19,643.967
8,oei>,3a6
28^,619
29,769, m
29,490.347
26,346,790
35,436,750
31,(J7I,3.17
43,375,791;?
62,31 2, U73
49J2^,a^
C1^337,r.M
• 8,051,487
22,642,497
33.985.647
48,576.694
62,427,449
41,087,963
87,900.902
94,440,032
72,750,896
91,680,396
107,065,604
136,531,972
84,798,731
72,171,324
121,061,921
176,491,510
♦ For the year ending June 30.
152
6.
UNITBD STATES.
[1855.
StatetnaU of the Debt i^the UniUd StaleM, the TckU Value of Imparts and
Exports, and the Total Tonnage, for 63 years, from 1791 to 1853, fractions
excluded, •
Yean.
Debt.
Importa.
Ezporta.
Tonnage.
1791
$75,463,476
• 62,200,000
$19,012,041
602,146
1792
77,227,924
31,500,000
20,753,098
664,437
1793
80,352,634
31,100,000
26,109,672
491,780
1794
78,427,405
34,600,000
33,026,233
628,817
1796
80,747,687
69,756,268
47,989,472
S'''S£l
1796
83,762,172
81,436,164
67,064,097
831,900
1797
82,064,479
76,379,406
66,850,206
876,913
1798
79,228,529
68,651,700
61,527,097
Sf'^
1799
78,408,670
79,068,148
78,665,522
916,408
1800
82,976,294
91,252,768
70,971,780
972,492
1801
83,038,051
§0,712,632
111,363,511
94,115,925
1,033,219
1802
76,333,333
72,483,160
892,101
1803
77,054,686
64,666,666
66,800,033
949,147
1804
86,427,121
86,000,000
77,699,074
1,042,404
1805
82,312,150
120,000,000
95,566,021
1,140,369
1808
76,723,271
129,000,000
101,636,963
1,208,735
1807
69,218,399
138,600,000
108,343,150
1,268,648
1808
65,196,318
66,990,000
22,439,960
^'SS'S^
1809
67,023,192
69,400,000
62,203,231
1,350,281
1810
63,173,217
8^,400,000
ra,4oo,ooo
66,767,974
1,424,783
1811
48,005,688
61,316,831
J'S^'SS
1812
45,209,738
77,030,000
38,627,236
1,269,997
1813
65,962,828
22,005,000
27,855,997
1,666,628
1814
81,487,846
12,965,000
6,927,441
1,169,209
1815
99,833,660
113,011271
62,657,763
1,368,127
1816
127,334,934
] |7JII.L-i"if
81,920,462
^'2^'?S
1817
123,491,965
^j:,ii.z'iiK.Hiih
prff7^ ^"^
1,399,912
1818
103,466,634
li>i;7i'iOA*;iU
oj:2t.i,i3;J
1,225,184
1819
95,529,648
ft7,] 21^100
70,142,521
1,260,751
1820
91,015,566
74,460,tHX>
Ki,69r.66a
1,280,166
1821
89,987,428
62,M.">,7'J4
64,^74.332
. 1,298,958
1822
93,546,677
ftH^'Jl.i'va
72,160,2^1
1,324,699
1823
90,875,877
77,C79,S!Gr
74,630,030
1,336,666
1824
90,269,778
80,549,fJ07
75.5*^6,657
1,399,163
1825
83,788,433
96,^U.075
9tf; 535,3^
1,423,112
1826
81,054,060
fH. 97-1, 4 77
77,edS^
1,634,191
1827
73,987,357
7^.4Kl.flfi^
e2,3»i,sa7
1,620,608
1828
67,475,044
!S^.;yja.H:i-t
72.264,886
1,741,392
1829
68,421,414
71,HI'J,[;y7
73,358,671
^•^»S2
1830
48,665,406
7lJ,^7n.i^:ii»
73,919,50(5
1,191,776
1831
39,123,192
li':f,lUI.i:l-l
8U31D,S83
1,267,847
1832
24,322,235
liiJ.lOLN^ilti
6^,176,913
1,439,460
1833
7,001,699
nw.iM;iii
00,140,433
1,606,161
1834
4,760,082
\m,mi:^^
lM,:i36.pr3
1,758,907
1835
37,733
I4y.f^'^,7-i'^
121,633:^577
1,824,940
1836
37,513
im3^'\,^^'>
la!?,a3,G'10
1,882,103
1837
1,878,224
l40,y^^J:il7
117,419,376
1,896,686
1838
4,857,660
1(k5,4.-^.Slfi
iI3JI7,40i
1,995,640
1839
11,983,738
] 31,028,410
(G2,C92.I32
2,096,380
1840
6,125,078
)3J,&7l,3M
lr4,*fl.eSH
2'*»2!
1841
6,737,398 ♦
327,^^6, 177
• VllMi^BM
2,130,744
1842
16,028,486
M»,ISa,087
\m,m\.sM
2,092,391
1843
26,898,963
fl4,7Ga.7^9*
Mxm\m^
2,158,603
1844
26,143,996
I0e.43S,O^t
lLI,aO0,04Ct
2,280,096
1845
16,801,647
UT,a54,.^t
ii4,64G,eoet
2,417,002
1846
24,256,495
1^1.6SI,7a7t
U3.4SS/jl6t
2,662,065
1847
45,659,659
Mti>15,K*5t
l.l!H.&JS,G22t
2,839,046
1848
65,804,460
irH.a/7,9a^t
lM,fK:M,4*5t
3,154,042
i§g
64,704,693
147.8f.7,439t
145,755.8201
136, 916,91 2f
3,334,015
64,228,238
l7ai3S,3lSt
3,636,464
1861
62,660,395
%\^MA,S^m
2l8,3Si^.O]lt
3,772,439
^S?
67,560,395
2l2£Hr»412t
'^^m\ 62f-t
4,138,441
am
56,336,157
:^r,9^.^,(H7t
2:ny76,l^7t
4,407,010
# Only nine months of 1843.
f For the year ending June 90.
1855.]
COMMBRCK.
15S
XI. COmCERCE AND NAVIGATION.
1. Value or Diffxrxkt Articles Imported.
Vabu of Goods^ Wares^ tmd Merekdndise imported into tke Unittd Stateo
in oU Ves9d8,from July 1, 1852, to Juna 30, 1853.
Species of Mercfaandisa.
Value.
Species of MerclModiaa.
Yalue.
Febb op Dutt.
Animals for braed,
BulHon.
Gold,
Silver,
Gold,
SUver,
Modeb of inreatioos and im
prorements in the arta,
Teas,
Goflbe,
Copper.
In plates, for sheathing ships,
For the use of the Mint,
In ore,
Gottm, uninanufoctured,
Adhesive feAt, for slieathing ves-
sels,
PaunUn^ and statuary of Amer-
ican artists,
Specimens (rfnatund history ,&c. ,
sheathing metal,
Platina, unmanu&ctured,
Plaster, unground,
Peraonal enects of immigrants,
Personal eflfects, A:c. of citizens
dying abcoad.
Old junk,
Ohkum,
Garden-seeds, trees, shrubs, &c.,
Products of U. & brought back.
Guano,
Articles imporUd for schooU,
Philosophical apparatus, &c.,
Books, maps, and charts,
Statues, busts of marble^ &c.,
Paintings and engrarings, A:c.,
All other articles,
Xotai,
Patino Dutt.
Mcmufaeturea of Wool, ^.
Cloths and casaimeres.
Merino shawls of wool.
Blankets,
Hosiery and arUcIes on frames,
Worsted stuff goods.
Woollen and worsted yam,
Woollen and worsted, embroi-
dered or tamboured.
Manufactures of, not specified,
Flannels,
Baizes,
wTlton. Saxony, and Aubusson,
Brussels, Turkey, and treble*
ingrained.
• 56,569
465,044
31
1,963,3I2J
1,742,390
2,360
8,186,217
15,525,954
1,155,414
866
443,796
40,447
14,293
36,712
3,054
676,355
42,450
90,427
151,037
3,798
30,868
1,550
194,096
316,793
96,563
9,139
11,671
3,435
17,260
71,038
31,383,534
11,071,906
1,402,582
1,455,659
1,047,686
9,796,387
280,896
28,025
1,096,907
106,381
118,203
92,571
> 762,487
Carpeting.
Venetian and other ingrained,
Not specified,
Manufaetum tff Cotton,
Printed, suined, or colored.
White or uncolored, •
Tamboured or embroidered,
Velvets wholly of cotton,
Ofcutton and silk,
Oords, gimps, and gaHoons,
Hos'y and art. made on frames.
Twist, yam, and thread.
Hatters' plush, of silk and cot-
ton,
Manufactures of, not specified,
Manufacturet of Silk.
Piece goods,
Hosiery and articles made on
frames.
Sewing-silk,
Articles tamboured or embroi-
dered,
Hats and bonnets.
Manufactures of, not specified.
Floss,
Raw,
Bolting cloths.
Silk and worstea goods.
Camlets of goats' hair dt mohair,
Manufaeturta ofFitLx.
Linens,bleachad or unbleached.
Hosiery and articles made on
frames.
Art. tamboured or embroidered.
Manufactures of, not specified,
Manufacturea of Hemp.
Sheetings, brown and white,
Ticklenburgs, oenaburgs, and
tw flaps.
Articles not specified,
Russia sail-duck,
Holland
Ravensduck,
Cotton bagging.
Clothing.
Ready made.
Articles of wear.
Laces, thread, and insertings,
Cotton insert'gs, trimmings, kt.,
Floor-cloth, patent, painted, k,z.,
Oil-cloth of all kinds.
Hair-cloth and hair-seating,
Lasting and mohair-doth for
shoes and buttons
Gunny cloth,
Matting, Chinese and others of
flags, &c.,
Hate, Cape, Bonneta, Flats, ^c.
Leghorn, 8traw,grass,chip,£c.,
Palm-leaf, rattan, willow, &c.,
• 142,817
229,404
II
2;718;846
3,116,013
305,589
18,989
98,851
3,002,631
1,095,518
66,054
2,695,554
22,470,911
1,124,680
238,525
1,318,069
111,871
6,130,696
10,839
712,092
40,232
1,860,918
9,807
8,897,317
3,192
84,779
1,250,749
3,963
80,015
314,371
24,511
1,268
40,942
14,101
197,359
2,109,776
252,170
95,290
607,691
206,756
1,610,928
28,220
154
UNITBD STATES.
[1855.
species of Merchaadiae.
Maftu/acturea of Iron and Steel.
Muskets and rifles,
Fire-arms not specified,
Side-arms,
Drawing and cutting knires,
Hatchets, axes, and •dzee,
Socket chisels,
Steelyards and scale-beams,
Vices,
Sickles and reaping-hooks,
Scythes,
Spades and shoreLs,
Wood-screws,
Squares,
Needles, sewing, darning, Sec,
Cast-iron butts and hinges,
Cutlery not specified.
Other manufactures of, not
specified,
Sad-irons, batters and tailors'
* irons.
Bonnet-wire,
Wire not abore No. 14,
Wire above No. 14,
Tacks, not above 16 oz. per M.
Nails,
Spikes,
Ciiain-cables,
Mill, cross-cut, and pit saws.
Anchors, and parts thereof.
Anvils, and pEuts thereof,
Smiths' hammers and sledges.
Castings, vessels of,
" all other,
Braziers' rods, fjrom 3.16 to
10.16 inches, •
Nail-rods, slit, rolled, or ham-
mered.
Band or scroll iron.
Hoop iron.
Sheet "
Pig "
Old and scrap.
Bar, manufactured by rolling.
Bar, manu&ctured otherwise.
Steel.
Cast, shear, and German,
All other.
Copper, and Mantjfaeturea of.
In pigs, bars, and old,
Wire.
Copper bottoms.
Manufactures of, not specified,
Nails and spikes.
Brass, and manufactures of.
In pigs and bars, and old,
Manufactures of, not specified,
7Vn, and Manufactures of.
In pigs and bars.
In plates and sheets,
FoQ,
Manufactures of, not specified,
Lead, and Manufactures of.
Pig, bar, sheet, and nl^
•^ipis,
' Lttfactures of, not speci-
Value.
$121,802
374,645
1,607
12,298
1,950
19,018
9,230
50,338
1,271
25,932
6,068
3,628
i,r-
240,061
39,175
2,036,038
4,026,736
1,935
4,364
108,778
67,669
757
133,116
1,070
450,835
32,190
66,783
94,227
11,887
6,361
44,774
61,151
35,365
1265,265
1,122,305
1,628,031
• 145,059
16,402,776
627,675
2,343,878
626,435
1,529,295
37
14,220
267,838
30
12,129
224,212
724,233
4,709,884
23,576
44,385
1,618,058
120
1,579
Species of Merchandise.
Pewter, and Manufactures of.
Old,
Manufactures of, not specified,
Manufactures ofgoldand silver.
Laces, galloons, tassels, &c..
Epaulettes and wings,
Gold and silver lea^
Jewelry^ real, or imitations of,
Genis,diamonds,pearl8,&c. ,set,
" •* " otherwise,
Manufactures of, not specified,
Glaziers' diamonds,
Clocks,
Ciironometers,
Watches, and parts of,
Metallic pens.
Square wire for umbrella stretch-
ers.
Pins in packs and otherwise,
Buttons, metal.
Other buttou8,and button-moulds,
Glass, and Manufactures of.
Silvered and in frames,
Paintinffs on glass, &c.,
Polished plate,
Manufactures of, not specified.
Cut,
Plain.
Watcn-crystals,
Glasses or pebbles for spectacles
Apothecaries' vials, N. by A.
16 ounces each.
Perfumery and fency vials, N.
by A., 16 ounces each.
Bottles not above two quarts.
Demijohns,
Winaow-glass,not above 8 x 10,
" w 10x12,
" above 10 x 12,
Paper, and Manufactures of.
Antiquarian, imperi^, super-
royal, &c..
Medium, cap, demy, and oth-
er writing,
Folio and quarto post.
Bank and bank-note paper.
Binders' boards, box, press-
ing, and paste boards,
Copperplate printing and draw-
ing,
Playing-cards,
Papier-mach^, articles and
wares of.
Paper hangings.
Paper boxes and fancy boxes,
Manufactures of, not specified,
Bismk books,
Books, printed.
In lAtin and Greek,
In English,
In other languages.
Periodicals and illustrated
newspapers,
Periodictds and other works in
the course of publication.
Leather, and Maniifactures of
Tanned, bend, and sole.
Value.
$5,494
2,309
20,643
i2,a-
3,746
642,677
6,002
62,8!
133,9!
758
82,092
22.100
3,214,364
108,582
8,380
33,593
123,652
638,842
346,826
1,679
308,674
97,680
76,783
162,097
88,088
6,604
2,301
879
111,697
29,682
43,903
127,960
310,880
256,751
9S
6,956
669
9,996
43,622
125,825
26,664
119,746
11,975
1,342
649,916
146,038
22,328
3,697
28,267
1865.]
COMMERCE.
155
Species of Merchandise.
Value.
Species of Merchandise.
Value.
Leather, and Manufactures of.
Tanned and dressed upper,
Skins, tanned and dre^ed.
Skins, tanned, not dressed,
Skivers,
Boots and bootees for men and
women,
Shoes and pumps, for men and
women,
Boots, bootees, and shoes for
children,
Gloves for men, women, and
children,
Manufactures of, not specified,
Wares.
China, porcelain, earthen, and
stone,
Plated or gilt,
Japanned,
Britannia,
Silver plated metal,
Silver or plated wire,
Saddlery.
Common, tinned, or japanned,
Plated, brass, or polished steel,
Furs, and Manufactures of.
Undressed, on the skin.
Hatters' furs, dressed or un-
dressed, not on the skin.
Dressed, on the skin.
Hats, caps, muffs, and tippets.
Manufactures of, not specified,
Wood. Manufactures of.
Cabinet ana household fumit'e,
Cedar, mahogany, rose, satin.
Other manufactures of.
Wood, unmanufactured.
Cedar, grenamlla, mahogany,
rose, &c.,
Fire-wofld, and other, not speci-
fied.
Dye-wood, in sticks.
Bark of the Cork-tree.
Corks,
Other manufactures of,
Unmanu&ctured,
Marble.
Manufactures ofl
Unmanufactured,
Quicksilver,
Brushes and brooms,
Black-lead pencils.
Slates of all kinds.
Raw hides and skins,
Shoes, &c., silk or satin,
" prunella, lasting, A:c.,
" mdia-rubber,
Grass-cloth,
Gunny-bags,
Umbrellas, parasols, &c., silk,
" all other.
Flaxseed or linseed,
Angora, Thibet, and other goats'
hair, kc.,
Wool, unmanufactured.
Wines, in casks.
Burgundy,
9 1,052,120
436,666
16,520
^ 39,760
53,942
37,603
659
1,363,997
281,748
3,178,182
336,520
58,396
21,376
23,127
23,683
104,840
221,224
562,737
1,064,300
92,351
1,620
12,512
41,594
56,328
380,891
462,818
412,566
341,445
178,321
150
13,798
121,214
176,990
17,459
199,780
65,554
109,352
6,919,391
1,162
1,034
12,901
28,641
231,523
67,138
1,231
633,396
8,888
2,669,718
12,409
»»^r
Pf^'nes, in casks.
Madeira,
Sherry and San Lucar,
Port,
Claret,
Teneriffe ai^d other Canary,
Fayal and other Azores,
Sicily and other Mediterranean,
Austrian and other German,
Red wines, not enumerated,
White wines. "
Wines, in bottles.
Burgundy,
Champagne,
Madeira,
Sherry,
• Port,
Claret,
All other,
Foreign Distilled Spii
Brandy,
From grain.
From other materials,
Cordials,
Beer, Ale, and Porter.
In bottles.
In casks,
Vinegar,
Molasses,
CHI §r Bone offoreign Fisheries.
Spermaceti,
Whale and other fish.
Whalebone,
Oil.
Olive, in casks,
Castor, ^
Linseed,
Rapeseed,
Neat's-fool, and other animal.
Spirits of turpentine.
Teas and coffee, from places other
than that of their production.
Teas,
Coffee,
Chocok
Sugtir.
Brown,
White, cUyed, or pow^iiod,
Loaf, and tither ne^HKl,
Candy,
Bymp of sug^f-cane.
iFriiits.
Almoiidir,
PNin$ and pruDBSj
Fi?8,
Dales j^
RjikJDi,
Nuts,
Spirts.
Mace,.
Nutmegs,
nfEinamon,
Ckirea,
PajjpBr, bloek,
" radT
• 105,628
155,819
266,005
482,827
14,751
5,982
45,701
6,4fH;
377,482
305,287
2,0
880,712
6,193
15,903
9,109
157,893
145,349
3,251,408
424,638
106.601
45;251
338,569
26,933
6,975
3,684,888
7
265,781
139,770
32,104
1,045,897
143,875
14,333
38,636
20,032
167,895
2,210
J 1,630,766
2M.700
63,310
5,17^
55
H,7«S
144,eSt
4?,S3&
131,694
^,^,17.';
156
UNITED STATES.
[1856.
Speciea of Merchandise.
Value.
Species of Merchandise.
Value.
)thJ^pi,
Pimento,
Cassia,
Ginger, ground,
in root,
Camphor f Crude,
Refined,
Candlet, Wax and spermaceti,
Tallow,
Stearine,
Cheese,
Soap, other than perfumed,
Starcli,'
Pearl bailey,
Butter,
Lard,
Beef and I
Hams and
Bristles,
SaUpetn.
Crude,
Refined, or partly refined.
Indigo,
Woad or pastel,
Iirory and bone black,
Opium,
Glue,
Gunpowder,
Alum,
Copperas,
Sulphate of quinine,
BliVbr Roman,
Oil of,
Chloride of lime or bleacjung
powder, •
Soda, ash, or barilla,
Sulphate of barytas,
Tooacco.
Unmanufactured,
Snuff,
Cigars.
Manuiactured,other than snuff
and cigars,
Paints.
Dry ochre,
• 185,012
178,190
717
60,163
H,341
316
6,204
3,017
4,414
70,528
80,424
64,114
30,192
170
330,326
»16
26,766
7,455
253,731
643,037
767
1,282,367
2,099
287
346,643
10,952
2,690
6,706
1,636
203,274
6,873
111
161,668
845,443
14,417
855,803
2,553
3,311,935
4,947
26,708
Paints.
Ochre in oil,
Red and whitalead,
Whiting and ^aris white.
Litharge,
Sugar of lead,
Cordage, Tarred and cables,
Untarred,
Twine,
Seines,
Hemp, unmanufactured,
Manitla, sun, and other hemp of
India,
Jute, sisal-grass, coir, &c.,
Cordilla, or tow of hemp or flax.
Flax, unmanufactured,
Rags of all kinds,
Salt,
Coal,
Coke or culm,
Bread-stufs.
Wheat,
Barley,
Rye,
Oats,
Wheat-flour,
Oatmeal,
Potatoes,
risk.
Dried or smoked,
Salmon,
Mackerel,
Herrings and shad,
All other,
Merchandise not enumerated.
*At 6 percent.,
At 10
At 15 "
At 20 "
At 25 "
At 30 "
At 40 "
t 7,160
69,058
6,230
436
35,204
82,139
39,521
68,546
404
1,691,791
98,541
16,931
135,684
982,837
1,059,432
490,010
16
821,815
39,764
1,825
174,658
974,736
4,363
92,870
214,116
94,341
329,233
159,027
90,143
2,768,882
2,510,318
784,829
6,234,056
229,145
2,938,749
363,311
Value of Merchandise paying
Duties ad vcUorem,
Free of Duty,
Total,
236,595,113
31,383,534
267,978,647
Tmr ending June 3f>, 1^9.
Merchandisa ai lul rolgr^m,
" free of duty,
TtJtlLl,
»i2I^,i79,T74
23.377,660
147,857,43^
Year tiding June 30, 1B51.
Mercbaiidide at nd vslorem,
♦* free of duty,
11914 1^3*5
Year ending June 30, I860.
[erclmndJBB At ad ra!nr«m,
*' free of July,
TnTaf,
J7lS,138,3ie
Ytar ending June 30, IS.IS.
Memhandise at Ad v^nfcireiu,
** free of duty,
AmaunL, ^pedes nut relumed,
Totftl,
«17ft,P03,flai
£12,U4$,4
1855.]
COMMERCE.
157
2. Exports of the Produce of the United States.
Summary Statement of the Value of the Exports of the Growth, Produce^ and
Manufacture of the United States, during the Four Years ending June 30.
1853.
Thb Ska.
Fisheriet.
Dried fish, or cod fbheries,
Pickled fish, or river fisheries
Year ending
June 30,1850.
Year ending
June 30, 1851.
Year ending
June 30, 1862.
Year ending
June 30, 1863.
%2l^^
$367,729
• 354,127
♦ 371,607
(herring, shad, salmon,
macke^), . '. . !
# 91,445
113,932
96,883
89.409
Whale and other fish oQ, .
672,640
882,486
440 287
223,247
Spermaceti oU,
788,794
646,483
1,044,967
689,662
809,274
436,673
1,418,845
1,063,706
Spermaceti candles,
Total Fisheries, . .
260,107
2,sa4,8l8
195,916
3,294,691
143,098
112,600
2,282,342
3,279,413
Thb Forest.
Skins and furs, ....
852,466
977,762
798,504
796,101
Ginseng, ....
122,916
100,549
102,073
133,813
Products of Wood.
Stares.shingles, boards, scant-
,
2,437,079
*'IS'??i
2,674,577
2,578,149
Other lumber, .
107,827
206,190
123,522
123,743
MasU and spars, .
Oak bark and other dye, .
62,109
70,095
95,459
129,628
205,771
355,477
160,154
118,894
1,948,762
2,076,395
2,193,085
2,294.122
Naval stores, tar, pitch, xosin,
and turpentine, .
l,142,7]aH| 1,063,842
572,87dP 649,091
1,209,173
1,406,488
Ashes, pot and pearl, .
Total Products of Wood, .
507,673
6,~963;643
334,321
6,467,121
6,768,711
6,965,345
AOHICULTTTRB.
Products of Animals.
Beef, tallow, hides, and homed
cattle, . ...
1,605,606
1,689,958
1,600,429
2,214,564
Butter and cheese, ...
Pork Cpickled), bacon, Ian),
1,216,463
1,124,652
779,391
862,343
7,660,287
4,368,015
3,766,470
6,202,321
Horses and mules, .
139,494
198,155
247,550
246,731
Total Products of Animals,
15,763
18,875
16,291
17,808
22,778
10,549,383
. . .
14.308
26,667
7,399,655
6,323,439-
9,670,327
Veg^able Food.
Wheat, ....
643,745
1,025,732
2,656,209
4,364,403
Flour,
7,098,570
10,524,331
11,869,143
14,783,394
Indian corn,
3,892,193
1,762,549
1,540,225
1,374.077
Indian meal, ....
760,611
622,866
674,380
709,974
Eye meal, ....
216,076
146,802
64,476
34,186
' Rye, oats, and other small
grain and pulse,
121,191
120,670
334,471
165,824
Biscuit, or ship-bread,
334,123
354,286
318,899
454,020
Potatoes, ....
99,333
79,314
115.121
152,669
Total Vegetable Food, . .
24,974
71,367
43,635
107,283
2,631.557
2,170,927
16,877,'844
• 2,471,029
1,657,658
15,»22,373
19,886,588
23,793,388
Tobacco,
9,951,023
9,219,251
10,031,283
11,319,319
Cotton,
71,984,616
112,315,317
87,965,732
109,456,404
Hemp,
5,633
29,114
18,649
18,195
AU otherAgrieuituralProduets.
Flaxseed, ....
4,040
18,988
66,187
7,719
Hops, '.....
142,692
11,636
69,042
40,064
Brown sugar,
23,037
29,170
24,067
33,854
Indigo,
Total, other Ag. Products, .
. . .
2,803
910
36
169,769
62,597
160,196
81,663
Makupactubbs.
Soap and tallow candles,
664,963
609,732
660,054
681.362
Leather, boots and shoes, .
193,698
45S,838
428,708
673,708
Household furniture,
278,025
362.830
430,182
714,556
Coaches and other carriages,
95,722
199,421
172,445
184,497
Hats
68,671
103,768
80,453
QljJ*'^
14
158
X7KITED STATES.
[1855.
Year ending
Year ending
Year ending
June 30, 1852
Year ending
June 30, 1853.
• 48.229
Saddlery
June 30,1850.
June 30, 1851.
• 20,b93
• 30,100
• 47,937
Wax,
118,055
122,835
91,499
113,602
Spiriu from grain,
48,314
36.084
48,737
141,173
Beer, ale, porter, and cider,
Snuff and tobacco,
62,251
67,975
48,052
64,677
648,832
1,143,547
1,316,622
1,671,600
Linseed oil, . . . .
♦229,741
♦145,410
14,981
15,468
SplritB of turpentine.
Cables and corda^, .
Pig, bar, and naila,
. . .
. . .
137,856
• 347,492
61,357
62,064
^215,652
62,903
103,216
164,210
118,624
181,998
Castings, . . . .
79,318
164,425
191.388
220,420
All manufiictures of,
1,677,792
1,875,621
1,993,807
2,097,234
268.290
239,622
323,949
329,381
Sugar, refined, ....
Chocolate
286,056
219,588
149.921
376,780
2,260
3,255
3,267
10,230
Gunpowder, ....
Copper and brass, and manu*
facturesof,
190,352
154,257
121,580
180,048
105,060
91,871
103,039
108,206
Medicinal druj^,
334,789
351,585
263,862
327,073
Cotton Piece Goods.
Printed or colored,
606,631
•1,006,661
926,404
1,086,167
White (uncolored),
3,774,407
6,671,676
6,139,391
6,926,486
Twist, yarn, and thread,
17,405
37,260
34,718
22,694
All other manufactures of|
Total of Cotton Goods,
Plax and Hemp.
Cloth and thread, .
Bags and other manufect's of,
335,981
4,731,424
626.806
7,241,205
571,638
7,672,161
73:^,648
8,768,894
20T^
6,376
6,468
8,164
2,924
13,860
Wearing-apparel, .
Combs and buttons, .
Brushes of aU kinds, .
1,211,894
250,228
239,733
23,987
27,334
28,833
31,395
2,827
8,257
4,386
6,612
Billiard-tables and apparatus, .
Umbrellas, parasols, sun-shades.
2,295
1,798
1088
1,673
3,395
12,260
8,340
6,183
Morocco and other leather not
sold per pound, .
9,800
13,909
18,617
6,448
Fire-engines and apparatus,
Musical Instruments,
3,140
9,488
16,784
9,662
39,242
71,401
47,781
32,250
21,634
55,7a>
67,733
62,397
Books and maps, .
Paper and stationery,
Paints and rarnish,
119,475
153,912
217,809
142,604
99,696
155,664
119,636
122,212
67,597
109,834
85,369
83,020
Vinegar,
11,182
16,916
12,220
20,443
Earthen and stone ware,
16,644
23,096
18,310
63,686
Mdnufacturea of
§!•«>,
136,682
186,436
194,634
170,561
Tin,
13,590
27,823
23,420
22,988
Pewter and lead, .
22,682
16,426
18,469
14,064
MarUs and stone.
34,510
41,449
67,240
47,628
Gold and silver, and gold-leaf,
4,583
68,639
20,332
11,873
Gold and silver coin, .
2,046,679
18,069,580
37,437,837
23,548,535
Artificial flowera and jewelry,
45,283
121,013
114,738
66,397
Molasses
14,137
16,830
13,163
17,582
Trunks,
10,370
12,207
15,035
27,148
Brick and lime, . . ' .
16,348
22,045
13,539
32.626
Salt
75,103
61,424
89,316
119,729
Coal»
167,090
163,977
188,906
336,003
Lead,
12,797
11,774
32,725
6,640
Ice,
107,018
106,805
161,086
176,066
Manufactured, . . .
3,869,071
3,793,341
2,877,659
3,788,700
Other articles (raw produce),
Total,
679,556
1,166,898
1,195,776
1,324,205
$136,946,912
• 196,689,718
• 192,368,984
• 213,417,697
♦ This includes spirits of Turpentine.
1855.] C0MM1SBCE..
3. Imposts from and Exports to Foreign Countries,
Duringr .<Ae Year ending June 30, 1853.
159
Coontries.
Russia,
Prussia,
Sweden and Norway, .
Swedish West Indies,
Denmark,
Danish West Indies,
Hanse Towns,
Holland,
Dutch East Indies,
Dutch West Indies, ....
Dutch Guiana, ....
Belgium
England,
Scotland,
Ireland,
Gibraltar,
Malta,
British East Indies, .
Cape of Good Hope, .
Mauritius,
British Honduras,
British Guiana,
New Zealand
British West Indies,
British American Colonies,
Canada.
Hanover,
Australia.
Other British Colonies,
Prance on the Atlantic, .
France on the Mediterranean, .
«« French West Indies.
33 Miquelon and Frencn Fisheries,
' French Guiana, ....
Spain on the Atlantic,
Spain on the Mediterranean, .
nnerifk and other Canaries,
Manila and Philippine Islands,
Cuba,
Pocto Rico & other Spanish West Indies,
Portugal
Madeira,
Fayal and other Azores,
Gape de Verde Islands, .
half generally, ....
Sicily,
Sardinia,
Tuscany, . . . . ,
Trieste «id other Aiutilan ports,
Turkey,
Greece,
Haytl
Mexico
Central America, . . . ,
New Granada, ....
Venezuela, . . . • <
Bolivia,
Brazil,
Oriental Republic, of Uruguay .
Value of
Imports.
1 1,278,501
47,875
447,332
6,876
184,497
13,843,455
1,625,170
384,683
409,186
130,681
2,732,168
125,774,232
4,337,990
163,118
61,784
80.053
3^581,726
302,303
64,533
241
1,044,264
2,272,602
5,278,116
218
30,851,649
2,604,393
62,340
17,717
635,616
1,458,879
84,021
2,465,063
18,585,755
2,800,936
411,156
77,698
10,892
41,053
953,714
863,361
171,683
. 856,617
Argentine Republic, .
Chi ,
62 Peru,
63 Ecuaidor
64 China, .
661 Asia generally.
727,516
4,650
1,985,624
2,167,986
690,937
663,628
2,613,780
14,817,961
302,980
2,186,641
2,214,252
173,441
12,600
10,673,710
32,721
Domestic
Produce.
Value of Exports.
• 2,313,175
26,911
833,533
31,024
82,903
913,481
7,409,315
1,983,723
202,822
251,258
108,389
2,301,038
112,778,359
4,486,826
613,812
169,444
165,319
503,856
367,231
3,338
318,355
798,841
4,056,527
3,398,675
4,005,512
6,290
4,148,828
24,268,292
852,514
362,513
9,005
64,335
631,494
3,923,656
23,215
64,375
6,773,419
810,411
223,651
101,524
21,307
23,275
2,173,745
130,337
195,380
15,173
2,062,464
207,368
r,738,413
2,629,770
225,856
753,391
749,869
41,672
3,734,190
296,088
618,855
2,157,320
657,316
6,868
Foreign
•Produce.
1 143,478
1,806
18,735
1,191
41,160
610,738
215,773
180,884
I8,7S9
17,694
907,495
3,209,261
154,739
59,272
66,670
JS.237
63;542
3,141
63,006
38,863
106,081
1,912,968
3,823,687
138,174
71,069
1,380.647
70,331
35,738
1,104
15,551
34,297
1,000
1,000
514,540
64,143
26,552
15,574
4,440
1,601
159,833
24,818
27,926
22,640
171.804
79,981
Total.
$2,456,653
28,717
852,268
32,215
82,903
954,641
8,020,063
2,199,496
383,706
270,047
126,063
3,206,533
115,967,623
4,641,564
673,064
236,014
187,556
667,398
370,372
3,338
381,360
837,704
4,162,608
5,311,543
7,829,099
6,290
4,287,002
71,rj69
26,648,939
922,845
398,251
9,006
65,439
647,045
3,957,953
24,215
65,376
6,287,969
864,554
250,203
117,098
25,747
24,879
2,333,678
165,155
223,306
37,813
2,234,288
287,339
260,520
1,029,054
120,474
103,079
94,668
260,264
12,368
262,611
169,117
40,261
624,418
1,998,993
3,568,884
346,390
856.470
844,687
4I,67S
3,994,444
308.446
881,466
2,a2o,48r
697,677
3,736,992
6,8ei
160
UKITBD STATES.
[1855.
67
Countries.
Africa generally, .
South America generally,
Soutti Seas,
Atlantic Ocean,
Indian Ocean
Sandwich Islands, .
72 West Indies generally,
Value of
Imports.
91,202,966
19,390
796
24
16,575
Value of Exports.
Domestic
Produce.
1 1,555,990
153,451
660,096
11,816
98.125
Foreign
Produce.
• 54,843
27,060
29,406
17,558,460
Total.
$1,610,833
180,511
696,655
11,816
29,406
98.125
Total,
267,978,647
213,417,697
2au,976,157
4. Indirect Trade.
Value of Imports, ike Prodtiee and Manufacture of the German Zoherein^
Hanover, Austria, and Switzerland, during the Year ending June 30, 1853.
Imported from
Via the Ports of
Hamb»g.
Bremen.
Holland.
Belgium.
France.
England.
TotaL
Prussia,
Saxony,
Bavaria,
Baden,
Frankfort-on-the-
Maine,
Wirtemburg,
Saxe-Meiningen,
Brunswick,
Hesse,
Mecklenberg-
Schwerin,
Bremen,
Hanover,
Total Zollrerein,
Total A«istria,
Total Switzerland
Total ralue.
$373,930
375,406
14.049
6,710
4,988
6,318
2,330
228
933
11,566,973
1,657,396
463,838
48,893
112,194
62,324
40,962
5,286
48,9iq
14,908
$21,279
2,104
8,850
17,158
4,187
1,147
12,606
$420,169
9,942
4,476
10,W7
97,947
1,476
12,265
$1,801,436
181,589
49.461
32,811
223,019
16,691
'260
88,850
$ 1,614,635
156,214
58,791
24,032
52,236
36,899
69,061
14,198
ft 5,797,421
2,382,661
599,465
139,651
494,6n
118,436
46,540
5,286
233,820
228
14,198
15,841
783,892
42,734
931
4,020,692
116,365
793,342
67,331
453
995
656,321
869
10,015
2,393,816
8,443
2,637,377
2,026,056
4,921
2,160,324
9,848,106
173,775
6,392,984
827,567
4,930,399
63,779
667,195
5,039,636
4,181,301
15,614,867
5. Tonnage OF Vessels engaged in Foreign Trabz,
During the Year ending June 30, 1853.
CSountries.
Russia,
^ Prussia, .
3 Sweden and Norway,
Swedish West Indies,
Denmark,
Danish West Indies, -
. Hanse Towns,
8 Holland.
9 pntch East Indies,
American Tonnage.
Entered.
10,455
374
3,563
1,184
350
11,618
36,561
10,776
2,864
Qeared.
Foreign Tonnage.
1-1,9
3,217
1,136
332
14,032
26,995
10,302
3,526
Entered. | Cleared.
293
6,163
2,174
9,571
86,281
20,730
6,606
1855.]
NAVIOATION.
161
24
Gbantries.
Dutch West Indies,
Dutch Guiana,
12 Belgium,
13 England,
■ ' Scotiand,
Ireland,
Gibraltar,
Malta.
British East Indies,
Cape of Good Hope, ....
Mauritius
British Honduras,
British GKiiana,
British West Indies,
British American Colonies, . .
Qmada, . _
Panover, .......
Australia,
_ Falkland Islands
291 Other British Possessions ....
France on the Atlantic, ....
_ France on the Mediterranean, . .' .
32 French West Indies, ....
33 Miquelon and French Fisheries, .
^' French Guiana,
Bourbon,
French Possessions in Africa,
37 Spain on the Atlantic,
38 ^»iQ on the Mediterranean, .
39 Teneriflb and other Canaries, .
40 Manila and Philippine Islands,
" Cuba,
Porto Rico and other Spanish West Indies,
Portugal,
Madeira,
46 Fajral and other Azores, . . . .
" Cape de Verde Islands, ....
Sicily,
Sardmia,
Tuscany,
Pontifical States
»i Ionian Islands,
52 Trieste and other Austrian ports, .
53 Turkey, Levant, &c.,
" Greece,
HayU,
Mexico,
64
65
66
67 Central America,
68 New Granada,
Venezuela, .
60 BoliTia,
61 Brazil, .
€2 Oriental Republic of Uruguay,
63 Argentine KepuUic,
64 ChUI,
66 Peru,
66 Ectuulor,
China,
Liberia,
69| Patagonia,
70 Africa generally,
71 South America generally,
72 South Seas,
73 Pacific Ocean,
74 Atlantic Ocean,
75 Indian Ocean,
76 Sandwich Islands,
77 Northwest Coast, .
78i Uncertain Places,
TbiaH ''
American Tonnage.
Entered.
17,690
6,1 10
28,845
826,453
25,892
2,736
830
38,270
2,041
4,418
4,211
77,687
112,335
1,376,927
442
150
589
174,748
15,168
4,047
630
14,469
14,562
1,641
16,697
455,700
47,838
3,314
1,942
1,691
901
25,545
400
16,596
149
2,660
23,046
68,302
199,599
17,142
73,160
2,319
11,337
13,641
14,965
503
65,699
646
682
12,410
3,998
28,077
3,762
3,203
18,111
767
1,021
4,004,013
Cleare d.
5,988
6,218
25,124
664,892
27,734
3.482
5,242
2,721
50,461
4,705
*5,1I1
14,426
101,808
266,431
1,062,086
56,944
723
184,947
16,234
13,262
391
1,375
193
10,768
7,600
1,046
20,598
365,392
30,815
6,476
3,707
1,777
2,181
5,397
11,821
2,192
218
149
11,735
4,365
31,339
30,810
80,737
205,602
12,001
277
69,736
8,700
10,749
23,488
63,246
226
66,041
1,616
514
15,162
434
3,143
31,614
7,788
4,820
20,260
656
Foreign Tonnage.
Entered.
3,602
1,129
10,931
435,830
76^99
41,238
3,908
901
1,794
1,560
49,^15
395,693
748,094
630
6,060
1,184
31,045
6,921
3,702
205
323
14,489
2,318
4,541
37,362
15,844
5,973
369
1,153
19,036
4,656
1,226
2,70fe
558
116
10,402
25,255
2,543
5,095
4,795
225
24,447
1,341
4,741
38,511
17,558
26,965
416
708
3,914
3,766,7892,277,930
Cleared.
2,298,790
14*
162
UNXTBD STATES.
IlfPaRTS AUB fiXFORTS OF BACH StATE,
During the Year ending June 30, 1853.
[1855,
States.
Value of Exports.
Value of Imports. |
Domestic
Produce.
Foreign
Produce.
Total.
In Amer.
Vessels.
In Foreign
Vessels.
Total.
Maine,
New Hampshire,
S 1,761,929
$273,858
i 2,040,787
$1,254,039
$132,550
$1,386,589
1,126
1,126
24,752
7,856
32,608
Vermont,
82,376
11,741
94,117
184,512
184,512
Massachusetts,
16,895,304
3,059,972
19,955,276
25,910,403
15,457,653
41,367,966
Rhode Island,
302,454
8,031
. 310,485
261,719
104,397
366,116
Connecticut,
497,769
11,665
509.434
474,297
71,496
545,793
New York,
66,030,355
12,175,936
78,206,290
132,009,768
46,261,231
178,270,999
New Jersef .
Pennsylvania,
1,354
1,354
3,539
3,539
6,255,229
272,767
6,627,996
10,434,563
8,379,847
18,834,410
Delaware,
Maryland,
7,768,224
138,235
7,906,459
5,235,659
1,094,419
6,330,078
District of Oolumbia,
75,4.56
75,456
70,086
i;409
7L494
Virginia,
3;302,661
4,230
3,306,791
255,361
143,641
North Carolina,
314,142
314,142
125,779
145,459
South Carolina,
15,400,408
15,400,408
1,199,780
608,737
1,808,617
Georgia,
7,371,883
7,371,883
275,968
232,293
608.261
Florida,
1,698,206
1,698,206
18,132
47,302
65,434
Alabama,
16,786,913
16,786,913
297,453
612,109
809,662
Louisiana,
67,768,724
623,934
68,292,658
10,866,058
2,774,628
13,630,686
Mississippi,
5,876
6,876
256,846
256,846
Missouri,
859,654
859,654
Ohio,
158,418
158,418
750,598
97,162
847,760
Kentucky,
175,358
175,366
Michigan,
295,809
57,876
353,685
207,782
3,448
211,230
Illinois,
79,139
79,139
7,669
7,659
669,918
459,763
1,029,681
156,144
126,315
281,459
California,*
101,312
101,312
Oregon,
85,932
85,932
Indiana,
258,253
268,263
Minnesou,
612
612
Total,
213,417,697
17,003,007
230,420,704
191,688,325
76,290,322267,978,6471
7. Vkssbls built, ahd the Tonnage thereof, in thb United States,
For the Year ending June 30, 1853.
Class of Vessels.
Total num-
Total
States.!
Schoon-
Sloops and
canal-boats.
ber of Ves-
Tonnage.
Ships.
Brigs.
ers.
Steamers.
sels builu
TbAs. 95ths.
Maine.
132
70
133
10
7
361
118,916 67
New Hampshire,
9
1
10
8,666 11
Vermont.
2
2
218 33
Massachusetts,
73
1
126
3
2
205
83,015 16
Rhode Island,
6
5
11
3,170 62
Connecticut,
4
37
21
6
67
9,022 20
New York,
21
6
85
103
74
289
83,224 06
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania,
30
22
6
68
7,107 71
1
4
28
102
66
191
31,539 07
Delaware,
1
11
19
2
33
4,436 64
Ittaryland.
District of Columbia,
16
9
97
1
122
16.901 38
42
42
2,743 64
Virginia,
3
1
11
14
11
40
6,699 aC
North Carolina,
1
16
3
2
22
1,746 36
South Carolina,
24
13
1
38
1,993 87
Louisiana,
9
4
.4
17
1,346 la
Tennessee,
1
1
'46 17
Missouri,
1
10
11
22
3,583 60
Kentucky,
I
29
30
8,692 09
Illinois,
7
2
9
1,168 36
Wisconsin,
I
1
10
2
14
2,422 39
Ohio,
4
28
23
35
90
21,213 36
Michigan,
1
20
14
35
4,304 63
California,
2
2
160 57
todiana.
9
9
3,466 81
Total,
265
95
681
394
271
1,710
425,572 49
'"'qtums informal.
t There are no returna for tb» omitted Sutes and Territories.
1855,] KAVieATIOX. 163
8. COMPAIUTITK VfSW OF THB ToilirA«X OF THB UfflTBD StATSS,
From 1815 to 1853 indusivty in Tons (9Ms not counted).
Registered
Toanage.
Enrolled
Reg.Tonn.
Enrolled and Licensed
Tonnage in
Tonnage in
Years.
& licensed
in Whale
Coasting
Cod
Mackerel
Steam
Tonnage.
Fishery.
Trade.
Fishery.
Fishery.
NaTigation
~~18i5~
854,294
513,833
435,066
26,570
1816
800,759
571,458
479. 979
37,879
1817
809,75i4
590,186
4,871
4-I.357
63,990
1818
606,088
619,095
16,134
fii^U 10
58,551
1819
612,930
647,821
31,700
6'::^..-.,)6
65,044
1820
619,M7
661,118
35,391
6.hN-»
60,842
1821
619,896
679,062
26,070
6>i.rJ5
61,351
1822
623,150
696,548
45,449
67;i,iiSO
58,405
1823
639,920
696,644
39,918
&.N.4')8
67,621
24,879
1824-
669,972
729,190
33,165
fK-^.'J'S
68,419
21,610
1825
700,787
722,323
35,379
6-7 ..-^73
70,626
23,061
1826
737,978
796,210
41,757
f.i:.>^-P20
63,761
34,069
1827
747,170
873,437
■].-r.r-.v;
7::;i.';J7
74,048
40,198
1828
812,619
928,772
J-l,?121
7;''i-.u22
74,947
'^
39,418
1829
650,142
610,654
r*7.'Z-.\
6ifc,ij8
101,796
54,037
1830
576,675
615,311
Ll^.UM
516,978
61,554
3^,073
64,472
1831
620,451
647,394
.-^'^Mir,
539,723
60,977
46,S10
34,446
1832
636,989
752,460
7'^..-m
649,627
54,027
47,4-37
90,814
1833
750,126
856,123
inijrH
744,198
62,720
4^^,725
101,850
1834
857,433
901,468
loei,(>nc>
783,618.
56,403
6l,W2
122,815
1835
885.821
939,118
S7:Glfi
792.301
72,374
MA42
122,815
1836
^•j::m
964,328
i-H <;sii
873,023
63,307
fi4,42r.
145,556
1837
.-hi. 147
1,086,238
127 vii
956,980
80,551
m,s\G
154,765
1838
<ji rm
1,173,047
li[<':.\
1,041,105
70,1164
S&,5i9
193,423
1839
.Ni[ j44
1,262,234
n\ 1.
1,153,551
T-i.-JJia
35,^^
204,938
1840
-^^•^.764
1,280,999
m,:
1,176,694
:;^'..il35
128,2C9
202,339
1841
-n.^03
1,184,940
157,405
1,107,067
i'.n,j51
11,331
175,088
1842
*^;-> m
1,117,031
151,612
1,045,753
r^t,-»4
I6,t)y6
229.661
1843
l,iHJLi.:!05
1,149,297
152,374
1,076,155
i\\:m
JIJ75
236,868
1844
i,iKi-,r64
1,211,330
163,293
1,109,614
.'..-.■^24
1G470
272,179
1845
l,<M.i.l72
1,321,829
190,695
1,190,898
cri;^'>
21J13
326,019
1846
1J.^I.-J86
1,431,798
186,980
1,289,870
72,516
3&,4ta
347,893
1847
1.1^ ir. ■312
1,597,732
193,858
1,452,623
711.177
3l,J.'>l
404,842
1848
l::i''|.-«6
1,793.156
192,179
1,620,988
&-2,t>51
43.5,"i5
427,891
1849
1,-; : 41
1,895,073
180,186
1,730,410
\iiSi70
7^,853
462,3»4
1850
]■■ ■ n
1,949,743
146,016
1,755,796
>- rJ46
5SJU
525.947
1851
i,iM.<m
2,046,132
181,644
1,854,317
87,475
mM9
583,607
1852
1,899,448
2,238,992
193,797
2,008,021
102,659
7a.M6
643.241
1853
2,103,674
2,303,336
193,203
2,134,256
109,227
! B'J,SS<i
514.098
No separate returns of tonnage employed in the mackerel fishery were made by the col-
lectors prior to the year 1830; and none given of steam navigation prior to 1823.
9. Entries and Clearances of American and Foreign Vessels, with their
Crews, during the Year ending June 30, 1853.
Whole number of American yessels entered during the year ending
June 30, 1853, from foreign countries, . . . . - . 9,955
Whole number of foreign vessels entered from do., . • .11,722
Total of American and foreign vessels, .... 21,677
Whole number of American yessels cleared for foreign countries, 10,001
Whole number of foreign vessels cleared fbr do., . . . ^1,680
Total of American and foreign vessels, .... 21,681
Crews of American vessels entered. Hen, 143,091. Boys, 1,339. Total,
144,430.
Crews of foreign vessels entered. Men, 123,053. Boys, 1,536. Total,
124,589.
Crews of American vessels cleared. Men, 145,254. Boys, 1,535. To-
tal, 146,789.
Crews of foreign vessels cleared. Men, 120,754. Boys, 1,560. Total,
122,314.
164
X7KITBD STATES.
[1865.
10. NvKBSit aud Class of Vesssls bqilt, and the Toitvaob thebb-
OF, IB THE Ubited States, FROM 1815 TO 1853, tnclusive.
Class of VesselB.
Total num-
Total
Tonnage.
Tons. 95th
Yean.
ber of Ves-
sels built.
Ships.
Brigs.
Schoon-
ers.
Sloops and
canal'boats.
SteamecB.
1815
136
224
6a0
274
1,314
154,624 39
1816
76
122
781
424
1,403
131,66804
1817
34
86
659
394
1,073
86,393 37
1818
53
85
428
332
898
82,421 20
1819
63
82
473
242
850
79,817 86
1820
21
60
301
152
534
47,784 01
1821
43
89
248
127
607
66,856 01
1822
64
131
260
168
623
75,946 93
75,007 67
1823
56
127
260
165
16
622
1824
56
156
377
166
26
781
90,939 00
1326
66
197
538
168
35
994
114,997 25
1826
71
187
482
227
45
1,012
126,438 35
1827
66
133
464
241
38
934
104,342 67
1828
73
108
474
196
33
884
98,375 58
1829
44
68
485
145
43
785
77,098 65
1830
26
66
403
116
37
637
68,094 24
1831
72
95
416
94
34*
711
8.^,96268
1832
132
143
568
122
100
1,065
144,539 16
1833
144
169
•625
185
65
1,188
161,626 36
1834
98
94
497
180
68
937
118,330 37
1836*
25*
60*
302*
100*
30*
607*
46,238 62*
1836
93
65
444
164
124
890
113,627 49
1837
67
72
607
168
135
949
122,987 22
1838
66
79
601
153
90
898
113,135 44
1839
83
89
439
122
125
858
120,988 34
1840
97
109
378
224
64
8TZ
118,309 23
1841
114
101
310
157
78
762
118,893 71
1842
116
91
273
404^
137
1,021
129,083 64
1843*
68*
34*
138*
173*
79*
482*
63,617 77*
1844
73
47
204
279
163
766
103,53729
1845
124
87
322
342
163
1,038
146.018 02
1846
100
164
676
355
225
1,420
188,203 93
1847
151
168
689
392
198
1,598
243,732 67
1848
254
174
701
647
175
1,851
318,075 54
1849
198
148
623
370
208
1,547
266,577 47
1850
247
117
647
290
159
1,360
272,218 64
1851
211
65
522
326
233
1,357
298,203 60
1852
255
79
534
267
259
1,444
351,49341
1853
269
95
681
394
271
1,710
425,57249
' XII. POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
1. Post-Office Statistics for the Year ending June 30, 1853.
Namber of mail routes, July 1, 1853, 6,692
Length ofmailroates, July 1,1853, miles, 217,743
Amount of annual transportation in miles, .... 61,892,542
Cost of same for year ending June 30, 1853, . . . $4,495,068
Average cost per mile, nearly, $ 0.072
Amount of transportation on railroads, in floilea, . . . 12,966,705
♦ For nine months.
1855.] POST-OFFICB DEPASTMEKT. 165
Cost of transportation on railroads/ $1,601,329
Average per mile, . $ 0.123
Steamboat transportation, in miles, 6,685,065
Cost of same, $632,368
Average per mile, nearly $ 0.94
Transportation in coaches, miles, 21,330,326
Cost of same, $1,206,958
Average per mile, $0,056
Modes not specified, miles, . • 20,890,446
Cost of same, . $1,055,313
Average per mile, $ 0.05
Length of routes, eight in number* connecting this with foreign ) oi 059
countries, covered by regular United States mail conveyance, i *
Amount of annual transportation in miles, .... 890,512
Annual cost of same, nearly, t $2,061,335
Number of contractors, 5,583
Route agents, local agents, and mail messengers, .... 974
Number of post-offices supplied, 22,320
Increase in length of mail routes, since July 1, 1852, . . . 3,459
Increase of inland mail transportation since July 1, 1852, in miles, 2,906,814
Increased cost of transportation, $ 555,997
Increase of railroad and steamboat service, 2,235,593 miles, or near 12.8 per
- cent., at an increased cost of $ 452,362, or near 25.39 per cent.
Do. of coach service, 631,396 miles, or near 3.5 per cent., at an increased
cost of $ 77,972, or near 6.9 per cent.
Do. of service in modes not specified, 39,825 miles, or near 1.43 per cent, at
an Increased cost of $ 25,663, or near 2.49 per cent.
Gross revenue for the year, ...... $5,940,724.70
Total expenditures for the year, $ 7,982,756.59
Excess of expenditures over gross revenue, ... $ 2,042,031.89
(For details, see post^ page 169.)
During the year, 1,898 new post-offices were established, and 479 were
discontinued. 3,850 postmasters were appointed in consequence of resigna-
tions; 225 in consequence of deaths; 182 for changes of sites of the offices;
1,898 to new offices ; 2,412 by removals ; in all, 8,567.
' * September 30, 1853, there were in operation &Q2 lailroad roatas ; aggregate length
13,410} miles ; cost of maU transportation tbeceon, 9 1,6415,432.33, or at the rate of
• 120.26 per mile of road : adding pay of mail passengers, route and local agents, the
whole expense was $ 1,869,264.78, or 9 139.386 per mile of road.
At the same time the average cost of steamboat service was 934.46 per mile of route;
coach senrica, 9 22.88 per mile of road ; and modBa not specified, 9 7.86 per mile.
t This service is paid partly by the Post-Office Department and parUy by the Navy Da*
fartmenL See page 168.
166
T7NITED STATES.
[1865.
2. TabU of MaU Service fw the Year ending June 30, 1853.*
L.n^h
Total
States.
Transpor
Total
routes.
Mode not
In
In
By
Ution.
Cost.
specified.
Coaches.
Steamboat.
Railroad.
Miles.
Miles.
Miles.
Miles.
Miles.
Miles.
S
Maine. . .
New Hampflhlre,
4,672
1,821
1,981
634
2,419
856
30
272
301
1,648,604
694,560
57,141
29,969
Yermont, .
2,448
752
1,162
644
1,053,641
60,968
Mamachusettfl,
3182
973
840
265
1,104
2,332,880
137,540
Rhode Island, .
413
225
94
94
217,672
12,446
Connecticat,
1,834
661
686
587
1,092,853
67,742
New York, •
14,969
6,226
6,527
• 1,218
2,018
7,975,196
480,671
New Jeraej. .
Pennsylvania, .
2,746
893
1,511
342
1,266,192
80,270
12,223
6,^
4,921
774
4,280,766
241,363
Delaware, .
Maryland,. .
612
203
309
t
187,200
9,730
2,626
1,330
679
617
1,399,216
190,928
Ohio, . .
Virginia, .
13,609
8,004
3,816
247
1,443
4,445,016
399,350
13,455
9,142
2,333
1,265
715
3,402,390
222,553
North Carolina,
8,863
6,422
1,881
311
249
2,143,648
181,368
South Carolina,
6,113
4,025
510
990
588
1,575,860
134,619
Georgia, .
9,446
6,641
920
1,968
927
2,444,790
223,460
Florida, . .
3,938
1,586
722
1>630
512,930
67,308
Michigan, .
6,303
3,336
1,344
1,033
691
1,943,678
139,081
Indiana, .
9,643
7,631
7,243
1,466
189
357
2,093,491
108,116
niinols,
12,287
4,225
450
369
3,244,592
194,952
Wisconsin,
6,334
4,130
2,121
83
1,146,639
56,793
Iowa, .
4;292
2,795
1,497
970,996
42,579
Missouri, . .
12,867
7,941
3,470
11,456
2,675,464
158,229
Minnesota, .
i;66I
1,212
179
270
94,196
2,633
Kentuclcy, .
9,776
5,635
1,807
« 2,240
94
3,556,132
217,202
Tennessee, .
8,929
6,380
1,839
489
221
1,870,492
96,137
Alabama,
8,045
6,291
1,394
229
131
2,200,848
196,172
Mississippi, .
6,634
5,175
916
484
59
1,43L694
135,896
Aricansas,
6,910
5,578
363
969
1,039,792
89,081
Louisiana, .
4,243
?'£fi
391
11863
18
879,632
97.569
Texas, .
10,069
7,812
1,087
1,170
1,334,374
144,161
California, .
3,667
2,893
619
'255
585,806
143,214
Oregon, , ,
2,036
1,776
261
108,274
46,522
New Mexico
980
70
910
29,080
28.600
Utah, . .
277
100
177
24,968
2,695
Total,.
Route and local
agents and mail
2i7;7S
134,193
62,780
18,355
12,415
61,892,642
4,495,968
messengers, .
233,057
Foreign mails, .
Total, .
_8^
ireo
8,699
268,512
555,064
226,402
134,253
52,780
26,954
12,415
62,161,054
5,284,089
* The entire service and pay are set down to the State under which the route is numbered,
though extending into other States, instead of being divided among the States in which each
portion of it lies.
t The Baltimore, Wilmington, and Philadelphia Railroad is under a Maryland number.
t This embraces tHe steamboat service from St. Louis to New Orleans.
$ This embraces the steamboat service from Louisville to Cincinnati and from LouisviOa
to New Orleans.
II This includes the route from New Orleans to Mobile.
IT This is for service from Panama to Aspinwali, performed bj the Panama Railroad Com-,
pany, at a stipulated price per trip, according to the weight of the mail, and which varies
irom year to year. The cost of this service for the year ending June 30, 1863, was $ 85,314
1855.] POST-OFFICB DEPABTMENT. 167
3. Jfumher of Post-Ofiees^ EaOmU of Post-BouUs^ and Rttaau and £!z-
penditures of the Post- Office DtiparimaU; wUk the Jhnomnt paid to Poet-
masters and for Dransportation of the Maily smce 1790.
No. of
Extent of
Beveniie
Ezpenditiuw
Amounl
paidlbr
Tlransport'n
oftbeMaiL
Year.
Post-
Poet-Routes
of the
^the
Oampea.of
Offices.
in Miles.
Deputment.
Poetmast'ts.
1790
75
1,876
#37,935
•tt,160
• 8,198
•39,061
1795
453
13,907
160,830
117,896
10,973
75,869
1800
903
30,817
380,804
313,994
60,348
138,644
1805
1,568
81,076
431,873
877,867
111,553
339,685
1810
3,300
36,406
561,684
495,969
149,438
•37,966
1816
8,000
48,746
1,048,066
746,131
341,901
487,779
1816
8,360
48,676
961,783
804,433
365,944
531,970
1811
8,489
53,089
1,003,973
016,515
803,916
580,189
1818
8,618
50,418
1,180,»5
1/B5,8n
846,439
664,611
1819
4,000
67,566
1,904,737
1,117,861
676,838
717,881
1890
4,500
73,499
1,111,937
1,160,936
863,396
783,436
1831
4,650
76,806
1,069,087
1,184,963
887,500
815,661
1833
4,709
83,768
1,117,490
1,167,673
865,399
788,618
1823
4,043
84,860
1,130,115
1,166,995
860,409
707,464
1834
5,183
84,860
1,197,788
1,188,019
883,804
768,939
1835
5,6n
04,053
1,306,585
1,239,043
411,183
785,646
1896
6,150
94,063
1,447,703
1,366,713
447,797
885,100
1837
7,003
105,336
1,584,683
1,468,960
486,411
943,845
1838
7,630
105,836
1,669,915
1,680,945
548,049
1,086,813
1830
8,004
116,000
1,707,418
1,789,183
569,337
1,158,646
1830
8,460
116,176
1,850,683
1,033,708
505,334
1,374,009
1831
8,686
115,486
1,997,811
1,936,122
635,038
1,252,396
1833
9,305
104,466
3,356,970
2,266,171
715,481
1,483,507
1883
10,137
110,916
3,617,011
2,980,414
836,283
1,894,688
1834
10,603
119,916
9,833,740
2,010,605
897,317
1,935,544
1835
10,770
113,774
3,903,356
2,757,350
945,418
1,719,007
1836
11,091
118,364
8,468,333
3,841,766
812,806
1,638,058
1837
11,767
141,343
4,936,779
8,544,630
891,363
1,966,797
1638
13,519
184,818
4,338,733
4,430,663
933,948
8,181,308
1839
13,780
133,999
4,484,657
4,636,536
980,000
8,385,633
1840
13,468
155,7»
4,543,683
4,718,336
1,028,935
8,286,876
1841
18,778
156,036
4,4OT,736
4,400,636
1,018,645
8,160,875
1643
18,733
149,733
4,546,849
5,674,753
1,147,356
8,087,796
1843
13,814
143,395
4,396,235
4,374,754
1,426,394
2,947,319
1844
14,103
144,687
4,937,368
4,396,513
1,358,316
2,938,551
1845
14,163
143,940
4,989,841
4,330,733
1,400,875
2,905,504
•1846
14,601
163,865
3,487,199
4,084,397
1,042,079
2,716,673
•1847
15,146
163,818
8,955,883
3,979,570
1,060,238
3,476,465
•18I8
16,169
163,908
4,371,077
4,336,850
3,394,708
•l849
16,749
163,703
4,905,176
4,479,049
1,330,931
3,6n,407
•1850
18,417
178,673
5,563,971
5,313,968
1,549,376
3,965,786
•l851
19,796
196,390
6,727,867
6,378,403
1,781,686
3,538,064
•l653
30,901
314,384
6,925,971
7,108,450
1,396,765
4,225,311
•l853
33,330
317,743
5,940,725
7,983,757
1,406,477
4,906,308
* Tlie nturns for 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, and 1851 are for the six jfon under the
U«r of March 3, 1 846. Those for 1852 and 1853 are for the two years under the new law
168
UNITED STATES.
[1855.
4. Fouiioir Mail Serviob.
The convei^ance of mail matter between this and foreign coantries, and
between the Atlantic and Pacific portions of the United States, is a large
and important branch of the mail service. The ibllowiag table exhibits
this service.
Foreign Mail Service of ike United SUUes in Operation October 1, 1853.*
Distance No. irlpa n/.„. -«-.«— Annual
in miles, monthly. Contractore. p^^y
Routes.
Remarks.
1. New YorlK, by South-
ampton, to Bvemen Ha-
ven,
2. Charleston, by Savan-
nah and Itej West, to
Havana.
3. NewYorlctoAapinwaU,
New Orleans to Aspin*
wall,
New York, by Havana,
to New Orleans,
4. Astoria, by Port OrTord,
San Francisco, Mont-
erey, and San Diego, to
Panama,
5. New York to Liverpool,
6. New York, by Cowes,
to Havre,
7. Aspinwall to Panama,
8. New Orleans, by Tarn-
pico, to Vera Cruz,
3.760
2,000
1,400
2,000
4,200
3,100
3,270
60
900
Ocean Steam
Nav. Co., C.
H. Sands, PlL
M. C. Mor
decai.
O. Law, M.
O. Roberts,
and B. R.
Mcllvain.
Pacific Mail
Steam. Co.,
W.RAspin
wall, Prea.
26 a year E. K. Collins,
' a^.Brown.
la month
2 «
3 «*
Ocean Steam
Nav.Co.,M.
Livingston,
Agent.
Panama Rail-
road Co.
R HCarmick
•200,000
60,000
290,000
348,250
858,000
160,000
95,336
69,760
Under contract with
Postmaster • Oen.,
ActofMar.3,1845.
Contracts withP.M.
G.,ActsMar.3.'47,
fcJulylO, 1848.
Contract with Sec
retary of Navy,
ActslHar. 3, 1847,
and Mar. 3, 1851.
Contract with Soc-
reury of Navy,
Act March 3, 1847,
^andMarch3,1851.
*Cont.withSecofN.
Acts Mar. 3, 1847,
and July 21, 1862.
Contract with P.M.
G., Act of March 3,
1847.
22 cents per pound.
Act March, 3, 1851.
Contract with P. M.
G., Act of Aug. 30,
I852.t
The gross amount received from the mail service to Bremen, via Sonth-
aropton, from June 1, 1847, to Oct. 4, 1848, was $ 20,082.51 ; for the year
ending Oct. 4, 1849, it was $ 61,1 14.20 ; from Oct. 5, 1849, to Sept. 30, 1850,
it was $56,865.60; during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1851, it was
$94,598.03; during the year ending June 30, 1852, it was $77,219.87;
and daring the year ending June 30, 1853, it was $ 100,297.79. The net
revenue by this line for the last fiscal year was $^9,951.45. The postages
on the Charleston and Havana line, from Oct 18, 1848, to Sept. 30, 1850,
were $22,406.37; for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1852, $11,958.99;
and for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1853, $ 7,945.63. The postages
by the New York, Cbagres, and California line for the same year were
$263,137.58 ; and by the New Orleans and Vera Cruz line, from April 14,
1853, to June 30, $630.84.
The gross amount received for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1852,
for postages on mailable matter from the Collins line, New York and
Liverpool, was $228,867.61 ; for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1853, it
was $303,733.70. The net revenue by this line for the last year was
$192,313.87.
* The service is substantially the same at the present time, October, 1854.
f.Tlie service in No. 8 is as yet semi-monthly, and one third of the pay is deducted : and
Tampico is omitted, and for this one flOh of the pay is deducted.
1855.} POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 169
The gross amount received during the year ending June 30, 1852, from
the New York and Havre line was 80,804,08 ; for year ending June 30,
1853, it was $ 100,070.44. The net revenue by this Iuub for the same year
was $71,147.74.
The letter postage by the Cunard line for the year ending June 30, 1853,
was $578,033.39; newspaper postage, $20,683.26.
Revenue and Expenditure of the Post-Office under the old Late (prior to
1845), under the law of 1845, oiuf under that of 1851.
Letter Postage.
Newspapers and
Pamphlets.
Total Annual
Receipts.
Total Annual
Expenditures.
Average of nine
years under the
oldlanr.
Average of the
six years of the
law of 1845,
Average of two
years under the
lawoflSSl.
•3,807,993
3,900,000
4.350.009
•628,979
791,045
700,289
• 4,364,626
4,833,197
6,382,352
• 4,499,696
4,684,647
7,645,608
By reference to the detailed statement of the receipts and expenditures
of the Post-Office below, it will be seen that the item *' letter postage" in-
cludes stamps sold, and also h^ the total annual receipts, dtc. are made up.
Under the Act of 1845 the gross revenue from letter postage fell off in
1846, the first year of the reduction, $ 988,738.92, or 27 per cent ; in the
second year, 1847, it increased $ 363^1959.49, or 13i per cent, over 1846.
In the year ending June 30, 1852, the first after the reduction by the Act
of 1851, the gross revenue from letter postage ^as reduced $1,185,993.73,
or 22^4^er cent; in 1853 the increase from the same source over the
gross revenue from letter postage in the previous year was $251,747.68,
or 6fij per cent.
The cost of the transportation of the mails has increased rapidly each
year. In 1849 it was $2,577,407.71 -, in 1850, $2,965,786 36; in ^1851,
$3,538,06:^.64; in 1852, $4,225,311.28; in 1853, $4,906,308.05; and
the estimate for transportation for the year 1854 was $5,506,601.
The amount of postage stamps sold in 1853 was $ 1,629,262.12. The
proportion of the different denominations of stamps issued for 1853 was,
1 cent, 4,736,311 ; 3 cent, 51,461,040 ; 12 cent, 146,655. Of the stamped
envelopes, there were issued to postmasters for 'sale during the quarter
ending September 30, 1853 ; 3 cent, note size, 464,350 ; ditto, letter size,
8,118,250; 6 cent, letter size, 150,000 ; ditto official size, 181,050.
The following is the detail of the receipts and expenditures of the De-
partment for the contract year, ending June 30, 1853 : ->
BxfendUuret,
Transportationjof mails,
Letter firt^fi^ including foieiga
postafB and stamps sold,
Newspapers and periodicals,
Fines, except on contractors.
Excess of emolumenU of post-
masters,
15
• 4,908,308.06
• 4,473,227^ Compensation to postmasters, 1,406,477.06
611,333.42 Extra compensation to postmas*
82.50 . ters, 414,525.10
Ship, steamboat, and way letters, 23,106.83
38,386.01 Wrapping-paper, 41,453.94
170
Receipts.
Damages from coDtractors,
Dead letters,
Letter-earriert, ^
MIscellaoeouB receipU, ^
Annual appropriations to pay for
mail service performed for the
government,
Gross revenue for the year,
UNITED STATES.
Expenditures.
i 1,384.00 Office furniture,
45.00 Advertising, .
113,017.73 Mail-bags,
3,248.50 Blanks,
Mail locks, keys, and stamps,
New mail locks and keys,
700,000.00 Mail depredations and special agents, 55,276.43
6 940 724 70 ^^^^ ^' offices of poatmasters, 609,820.94
^zeess of expenditures,
$2,042,031.69
[1855.
• 3,241.60
79,346.00
49,306.63
71,056.22
14,733.80
18,935.54
Total expenditure, for the year, r'm^gee.B&f^^^^V^y^'''^ ^^ ^ "«'^«
'^ . Repayment ofmoney in dead letters, 34.26
3,864.50
153.95
472.41
113,017.73
1,670.00
10,391.03
139,592.06
3.565.09
Postage stamps.
Stamps returned and overcharged.
Official letters to postmasters.
Payments to letter-carriers.
Poet-office Laws, Lists, &c..
Stamped envelopes.
Miscellaneous British postages,
Bremen "
Total expenditures, $ 7,962,766.59
Revenue under the Postal Treaty with Great Britain.
The amount of correspondence between the United States and Great
Britain for the year ending June 30, 1853, ^us as follows : —
Received. Sent. Total.
By United States packets,
By British packeto,
Total,
$ 152,065.39
325,200.33
$ 191,683.29
252^33.06
% 477^.72 $ 444,516.35 $ 921,782.07
$ 343,748.68
578,033.39
$ 34?,748.68
42,968.58
$ 300,780.10
$ 120,423 60 .
. 6,118.90
37,811.39
4,670.80
$469,804.79
Bremen, and
1853, wafl as
Gross amount letter postage by United States packets,
Deduct British inland 3-24th8,
Add for United States inland 5-24ths of $ 578,033.39, amount
by British packets,
Newspaper postages, by Collins line, ....
British closed mails in transit through United States, —
By Cunard line,
By Collins line,
Total,
The number of letters conveyed by the Cunard, Collins,
Havre lines of steamers, firom July 1, 1852, to June 30,
follows : —
Lines.
Whole
number.
Paid.
Unpaid.
Posusre collected in
No. of
" United
States.
Great "
Briuin.
Cunard,
Collins,
Havre,
Bremen,
Total,
2,774,423
1,018,345
406,126
412,117
1,132,536
410,664
174,766
166,124
1,641.887
607,781
231,360
245,993
• 356,253.14
154,188.88
9 222,780.25'
79,084.21
^,034,163
305,945
4,967
3,613
4,611,011
1,883,990
2,727,021
1855.]
POST-OFFICB DEPABTMBNT*
m
The number of letters to and from Continental Europe in transit through
the United Kingdom for the same year was as follows : —
Line.
Sent.
Received.
Total.
Cunard, ....
257,258
57,047
314,305
Collins, ....
111,947
3,861
115,808
Bremen, ....
9,440
950
10,390
Ha?re, ....
Total,
3,427
926
4,353
444,856
5. CoMPEMSATZOir OF POSTMASTERS.
The commissions allowed postmasters are as follows, viz.: —
1. On the postage collected at their respective offices, not
exceeding $ 100 in any one qttarter^ 60 per cent.
But if mails arrive regularly at any office between 9 P. M. and
5 A. M., then i 70 per cent.
2. On any sum between $ 100 and $ 400 in any qttarter, 50 per cent.
3. On any sum between $400 and $2,400 in any quarter^ 40 **
4. On any sum over $ 2,400 in any quarter, ... .15 **
5. On .the amount of letters and packets received for dis-
tribution at offices designated by the. Postmaster-General for
that purpose,. . . 10 **
6. Box rents not exceeding $ 2,000 per annum.
The postmasters at New Orleans and Washington have special allow-
ances for extra labor. To postmasters whose pay does not exceed $ 500
in any quarter, one cent is paid for the delivery of each free letter or docu-
ment, except for the delivery of such as are fur himself.
On postages on letters and packages received at a distributing office for
distribution, the postmaster may be allowed 12^ per cent. Those postmas-
ters who are required to keep a register of the arrival and departure of the
mails, are allowed ten cents for each monthly return made to the Postmas-
ter-General. Two mills are allowed for delivery of each newspaper not
chargeable with postage. Additional allowances may be made to the post-
masters at distributing and separating offices, to defray actual and necessary
expenses, when the commissions, allowances, and emoluments are in-
. sufficient.
The term Utter postage includes all postages received, except those which
arise from newspapers sent from the offices of publication to subscribers,
and from pamphlets and magazines.
172 UNITED STATES. [1865.
6. Rates op Postage within the United States.
For a single letter, sent not exceeding 3,000 miles, if prepaid^ 3 cents.
If not prepaid, 5 *•
Sent over 3,000 miles, if prepaid, 6 ^'
If not prepaid, 10 **
For such a letter, conveyed wholly or in part by sea to or from
a foreign country (except all cases where different rates have
been or shall be established by postal arrangements), sent not
exceeding 2,500 miles, 10 ^
Sent over 2,500 miles, ' . 20 "
For a double letter there shall be charged double the above
rates ; for a treble letter, treble the above rates, &c. Every
letter or parcel not exceeding half an ounce (avoirdupois) in
weight is a single letter, and every additional weight of half an
ounce or of less than half an ounce is charged with an additional
single postage. When advertised, one cent additional is charged
on each letter. For a letter delivered by a carrier, there is an
additional charge of not exceeding one or two cents.
For drop letters (not to be mailed) each, . . • 1 **
For ail letters or packages {ship letters) conveyed by any ves-
lel not employed in conveying the mail, .... 2 **
To this charjge of 2 cents is added 4 cents, when the letters
are not transmitted through the mail, but are delivered at the
S9st-ofiice where deposited ; and the ordinary rates of United
tates postage are added when the letter is transmitted through
the mails.
Each newspaper, periodical, unsealed circular, or other article
of printed matter, not exceeding three ounces in weight, to any
part of the United States, , 1 cent.
For every additional oance or fraction of an ounce, . 1 ^
If the postage on any newspaper or periodical is paid quarterly or yearly
in advance, at the office where tiie same is either mailed or delivered, then
half the above rates are charged. Newspapers and periodicals iiT>t weigh-
ing over one and a half ounces, circulated in the State where published,
are likewise charged but half of the above rates.
Small newspapers and periodicals, published monthly or oflener, and
pamphlets not containing more than sixteen octavo pages each, when sent
in single packages, weighing at least eight ounces, to one address, and pre-
paid by affixing postage stanips thereto, shall be charged only half a cent
for each ounce or fraction of^an ounce, notwithstanding the postage calcu-
lated on each separate article of such package would exceed that amount.
The postage on all transient matter, unless prepaid, shall be charged double
the fir8t-n>entioned rates.
Books, bound or unbound, not weighing over four pounds, shall be
deemed mailable maCter, and shall pay.
For all distances under 3,000 miles, per ounce, ... 1 cent.
For all distances over 3,000 miles, 2 ''
FiAy per cent, shall be added in all cases when not prepaid. All printed
matter cnargeable by weight shall be weighed when dry. The publishers
of newspapers and periodicals may send to each other from their respective
offices of publication, free of postage, one copy of each publication ; and
may also send to each actual subscriber, inclosed in their publications, bills
ana receipts for the same, free, of postage. The publishers of weekly newt-
papers may send to each actual subscriber within the county wliere their
papers are printed and published one copy thereof free of postaee.
No printed matter shall be sent at the above rates, unless either without
any wrapper, or with one open at the ends or sides, so that the character of
the matter may be seen without remoying the wrapper ; or if any written
1855.] POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 173
or printed communication is put on the same afler its publication, or upon
the cover or wrapper, except the name and address of the person to whom
tile same is sent ; or if any thing else is inclosed in such printed paper. If
these conditions are not complied with, letter postage shall be charged.
When any printed matter received during any quarter has been in the
post-office for the whole of the succeeding quarter, the postmaster shall
sell it, and credit the amount of the sales, as directed by the Post-Office
Department.
The establishment of private expresses for the conveyance of any letters,
packets, or packages of letters, or other matter transmittible in the United
states mail (newspapefs, pamphlets, magazines, and periodicals excepted),
from one city, town, or place, to any other city, town, or place in the
United States, between which the United States mail is regularly trans-
ported, is prohibited, but letters, &c, may be carried by carriers in stamped
envelopes. Contractors may carry newspapers out of the mails for sale or
distribution among subscribers. A penalty of $ 5,(HK) is imposed on any
person taking letters through or over any part of the United States for the
purpose of being sent out of the United States without the payment of
postage.
Letters addressed to different persons cannot be inclosed in the same
envelope or package, under a penalty of ten dollars, unless addressed to
foreign countries.
7. Privilegs of Frarting.
1. The President, ex-Presidents, and Mrs. Harrison, have the franking
priyilege, as regulated by former laws.
2. Members of Congress ai# Delegates from Territories, from thirty
days before the commencement* of each Congress until the meeting of the next
Congress^ the Vice-President and the Secretary of the Senate, and the
Clerk of the House of Representatives, during their official terms^ may sentf^
and receive free letters or packages not exceefiing two ounces in weight, and
public documents not exceeding three pounds in weight.
3. The Governors of States may send free the laws, records, and doca-
ments of the Legislature to the Governors of other States.
4. The Secretaries of State, Treasury, War, Navy, and the Interior ;
Attorney-General ; Postmaster-General and Assistant Postmasters-General -,
Comptrollers, Auditors, Register, and Solicitor of the Treasury ; Treasurer;
Commissioners of the different Offices and Bureaus ; Chiefi of Bureaus in
the War and Navy Departments, General-in-Chief, and Adjutant-General ;
and the Superintendent of the Coast Survey and his assistant, — may send
and receive free all letters and»paekages upon official business, but n»t their
private letters or papers.
5. The Chief Clerks in the several Departments may send free public
and official documents.
& Deputy postmasters may send free all such letters and packages as re-
late exclusively to the business of their respective offices ; and those whose
compensation did not exceed $200 for the year ending the 30th of June,
184o, may also send firee, through the mails, letters written by themselves,
and receive free all written communications on their own private business,
not weighing over one half-ounce, but not transient newspapers, handbUle,
or circoTars.
7. Exchance newspapers between editors pass free.
For other nee matter, see Rates of Postage.
PubUc doeumaUs are those printed by the order of either house of Con-
gress, and publications or books procured or purchased by Congress, or
either house, for the use of the members.
* The commtiicement of each Congress for thia purpose dates ftom the 4th of March
(I. e. the day next) sacceedinff the urmination of the jii ^Mjlliii Oongiees. -—
15* ^^
174
XTmTBD STATES*
[1855.
8. RaTB8 of FoBEIGV LxTTXR and NlWSPAPlR POSTAGS BKTWXXV AHT
PoiHTB IN THE UmITKD StATXS AND FoRKIGN CoUNTRIEf.
Greai Britain and Irdand. *
Between the United States and Great Britain and Ireland, lettera are
rated, by weight, as in the United States. Between any office in the
United States (Oregon and California excepted) and any office in Great
Britain and Ireland, by either the United States or British line, the entire
postage is 2i cenu the single letter, prepayment optional. Five cents are
to be added when to or from Calirornia or Oregon. Newspa]>era 2 cents
each, to be prepaid. Payment of any thing less t|^an the entire postage
goes for nothing, and such matter will be treated as wholly unpaid.
Other Foreign Countries and Cities,
The places marked (a) are via Southampton ; (b) ria Southampton and India; (e) tIa
Southampton and Lisbon ; (d) via England ; (e) by private ship, via England ; (/) via Ply-
mouth; Or) via Falmouth; (A) via Franca; («} via Marseilles; (» by French packet, Tta
Marseilles ; (A) by closed mail, via Marseilles ; (0 via Trieste.
In the first two columns of this list, the rates named must in evenr insuoce be prepaid,
and irith 5 cenu more when the letUr is from Oregon or California. The 21 cent rate is the
United States inland and Atlantic sea, and the 6 cent rate the United States inland postage
only. In the Prussian cloeed mail (third and sixth columns), the rales set down are the full
postage to destination. Newspapers must be prepaid. In the British mail the 4 cent rate is
United States and British, and the 2 cent the United States postage only.
In the case of letters to go through France, the Frencn postage is rated by the quarter
ounce for the single letter. This is ten cents, except on letters for JB^ypt, Syria, and Tunis,
by French packet, when the single French rate is 20cent8. Therefore, on letters marked " via
France," or " via Marseilles," the French rate must be doubled for each quarter of an ounca
The asterisk (*) indicates that prepayment is oii^nal ; in all other cases prepayment Is
required.
Ratss of PosUge for Letters weighing
Kates of Postage for
Places.
4 ounce or under.
Newspapers.
In open Mail to
Great Briuin.
m
■ %
P
(S«OQ
In Prussian closed
mail, by either United
Slates or British Pack-
et.
IS
k
t
1
1
In Prussian cl
Mail, by either Ui
States or British F
et.
Cents
Gents.
Cenu.
Cenu.
Genu.
Cenu.
Cents.
a Aden (Asia), . .
45
45
4
i do
65
65
Alexandria, .
31
5
♦38
" 30
2
6
2
AlgerU, . , .
21
6
2
AUenburg,
*15
2
Altona,
♦15
2
(i Ascension, .
45
45
4
Austria and its Slatss,
21
6
♦30
♦16
2
6
s
rf Australia, . . .
45
45
4
s Australia or elsewhere,
37
37
4
e Azores Islands, .
63
63
4
Baden, ...
21
6
*80
♦22
2
6
2
Bavaria, ....
21
6
*30
♦15
2
6
2
Uwlgium,
21
6
2
sfiourbon and Borneo,
ifiourbon, . . .
21
53
73
5
63
73
*40
2
4
R
fc?wlck, *.*.'.
21
5
•30
•10
2
6
2
21
6
*30
*16
2
6
2
IrBraziljs,
45
45
4
gSttenos Arras, .
46
45
4
66
65
4
I^l^'de Verde Islands,
21
65
5
65
♦40
2
4
6
1855.]
FOST-OFVXCS DKPiJlTMSNT.
175
Letters
FlacM.
In open Mail to
Great Britain.
In
Prussian
closed
Mail.
Bremen
Line.
In
British
or open
Mail.
In
Prussian
closed
Mail.
Biemen
Line.
ByU.a
Packet.
Brittoh
Packet.
Cents.
Cents.
Cents.
Cenu.
Cents.
Cents.
Cents.
Cansl, - . . .
♦22
2
Oesme, . .. .
21
5
*40
2
6
aCevkm,
45
45
4
65
65
t China, tzc. Hong Konf ,
65
65
a do. ...
45
46
4
/do
62
13
Coburg,
♦22
2
21
5
.♦40
♦33
2
6
a
Corfu
30
Coxhaven,
21
5
♦30
2
6
s
DaidanellM, . .
21
5
♦40
2
6
Darmstadt,
♦22
2
Denmark, . .
21
6
♦37
27
2
6
46
46
4
do. . .
65
65
do. (Eng. poseesa.)
38
10
da all other coun-
tries in and beyond the,
70
13
O' Cgypt (except Alexan-
dria), ....
67
67
4
/do. do.
30
6
k do. do. . .
61
61
j do. do.
France, .
Frankfort on the Main,
51
61
21
5
4^
2
a
eWata, . . . .
21
5
♦40
2
6
Gallipoli, . . .
German States,
21
5
♦40
2
6
21
5
♦30
2
6
Gibraltar, .
21
5
4
Gotha, ....
♦22
2
/Greece, . . .
21
I
♦©
♦33
2
6
1- do. '. . . .
21
5
2
a do. ...
67
67
2
Hambnig, . . .
21
5
♦30
♦16
2
6
a
Hanover, .
21
5
♦30
♦16
2
6
a
33
33
4
Hesse Homburg, . .
4^
a
Holland, ....
21
6
2
.Hongjt.a,, . .
21
65
5
65
4
/ do. . . .
38
10
Ibraila, ....
21
6
♦40
2
6
Ionian Islands, . .
21
5
♦37
2
6
Italy
21
6
2
do. (except Lombardy,
Modena, Parma, Tusca-
ny , and the Papal States)
30
33
6
2
a Java, . . .
45
46
4
» do. .
65
65
Kiel, . . .
♦22
2
Lamsa, .
21
6
♦40
2
6
6Labuan, .
53
53
4
»• do. '
73
73
Lippe Detmold, .
♦22
2
Lubec, free city of.
21
5
♦30
♦16
2
6
2
Levante,
21
5
30
2
6
Lombardy,
21
5
♦30
2
6
a Madeira, Island ol
f •
65
65
4
Bfalto, Island of.
21
6
30
2
a Mauritius,
45
65
4
/ do. ' .
65
65
MecUenbofg Schwerin,
21
5
♦30
♦16
2
6
2
Mecklenbuif Strelitz, .
21,
6
♦30
♦15
2
6
a
Modena, .
21
5
433
4
6
Moldavia, . . .
21
5
30
2
6
AHoIocSm, . .
63
63
4
176
T7VITBD STATICS.
[1855.
Places.
Letters.
Newspapers. |
In open Mail to
Oteat Briuin.
In
Prussian
Bremen
Line.
In
British
In
Prussian
ctossd
Mail.
Bremen
Line.
By U.S.
Packet.
By
British
Packet.
closed
Mail.
Gents.
Cents.
Cents.
Cents.
Cents.
Cents.
Genu.
i Moluccas, .
73
73
f Montevideo, . .
Mytllene. .
46
45
4 •
21
6
*40
2
6
Naples, Kingdom of, .
21
6
30
2
6
Nssaau, . . .
♦22
2
/New Soutk Wales', .
d New Zealand, . .
♦25
2
45
46
4
63
53
4
i do. . .
73
73
aNorthAuslnlia,. .
63
53
4
ft' do. . .
73
73
Norway
21
6
M8
♦37
2
6
2
CNdenbutf, . . .
21
6
*30
♦13
2
6
2
Parma, ....
21
6
*33
2
6
Placentia, .
21
6
30
2
6
a PbiUppine Islands, .
45
46
4
i do.
65
65
Ptoland, ....
21
6
♦37
♦29
6
2
a Portugal, .
63
63
4
Prussia, kingd. and pror.
21
6
*30
♦15
2
6
2
Reuse
♦23
2
Rhodes. . . .
21
6
*40
2
6
Roman or Papal States, .
21
6
*35
2
6
Russia, . . , .
21
5
*37
♦29
6
2
Salonica, . . .
21
5
*40
2
6
Saimsum,
21
5
*40
2
6
Sardinia, . . .
21
5
♦30
2
6
Sazonv, ....
Saxe-Altenburg, .
21
5
*30
♦15
2
6
2
♦ 15
2
Saze Meiningen, .
♦22
2
Saxe Weimar. . .
Schauenburg'Li ppe,
Schwarahurg-Rudolstadt,
♦22
2
♦22
♦22
2
2
Schwarzbarg-Sonderh., .
♦22
2
Scutari (Asi^), .
21
5
30
2
6
Smyrna, ....
21
5
*40
2
6
Sicily, ....
21
6
30
2
6
Sierm'Leone, ' . ' . '
21
45
6
45
30
2
4
6
/South Australia, . .
< Spain, . 7 .
45
45
4
41
41
a do. .
73
73
4
a Sumatra, .
63
53
4
in Indian Archipelago,
73
73
Sweden,
21
6
«42
♦33
2
6
2
Switzerland, . . .
21
6
♦26
2
6
2
a Syria,
. 57
67
4
J do. . . . ' ,
51
51
m do. . .
61
61
Senedos, . .
21
6
>N0
2
6
^Bblzonde,
21
6
♦40
2
6
Kciioza, ....
21
6
«40
2
6
#Tuni8, .
61
61
■Rkey (in Europe) and
^^kish islands in the
• pMiterranean, except
jUi herein mentioned, .
21
5
30
2
6
^"&emin»sLand,* .
21
5
♦35
2
6
45
45
4
Invia, ....
21
6
♦40
2
6
■ ▼^nezuela, .
45
45
4
wnfttian States, .
21
5
♦30
2
6
jnRctoria (Port Philip),
45
45
•
4
rabltachla.
21
5
30
30
2
6
2
IBfastAustmlla, .
45
45
4
Hilcmberg, .
21
6
«30
♦22
2
9
1855.] POST-OVFICB DSPABTMENT. 177
Od British, sea, and American inland postage, the single better is i oz. ;
on foreign postage, the single letter is less than ^ oz. Letters weighing
^ oz. and under i oz. are charged two rates ; J oz. and under }, three rates,
&c.', an additional rate being charged for each quarter of an ounce. Thus, a
letter directed to the East Indies by a British steamer, and weighing less
than 4 oz., will be charged 65 cents postage ; if | oz. or more, and less than
J oz., 75 cents must be paid ; the foreign postage only being doubled for
each ^ oz.
On letters to the following places and countries, prepayment is op-
tional ; but when prepaid, only the United Slates postage of 20 cents the
single letter should be prepaid, the/oreign portion being collected of the
receiver; via. Alexandria, Cairo, Constantinople, Denmark, Greece, east-
ern towns of Italy, Norway, St. Petersburg or Cronstadt, Sweden, and
Switzerland.
On letters to Havre, or any place on the coast of France, to Germany,
or any port on the Continent, where the United States steam-packets
stop, the postage is 20 cents the single rate, prepayment required. Letters
by this line are subject in France to an additional postage of 12 cents if
weighing under } oz. ; 24 cents, if weighing over i oz. and less than ^ oz.,
&.C. Newspapers 2 cents each, prepayment required.
Postage to MezicOy South Jlmerica, and the West Indies, from any Point in
the United States.
On letters to Chagres, Havana (Cuba), Mexico, Panama, and
other places where the rates are not fixed by postal treaty, and
to the British West Indies, viz. Antigoa, BarbadoeSi Bahamas,
Berbice, Cariaco, Demarara, Dominica, Essequibo, Grenada, Ja-
maica, Montserrat, Nevis, St Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent,
Tobago, Tortola, and Trinidad,
If distance from mailing office does not exceed 2,500 miles, 10 cents.
'* « *' exceed 2,500 miles, 20 <<
Newspapers 2 cents each. The postage on letters and news-
papers must be prepaid.
On letters to the West India Islands (not British) except Cuba,
to Carthagena, Honduras, St. Juan (Nicaragua), or to places in
the Gulf of Mexico or on the Atlantic coast of South America,
not in British possession, yiz. Venezuela, Brazils, and Uruguay,
to be prepaid,
If distance from'mailing office does not exceed 2,500 miles, 34 '*
" *" *< exceed 2,500 miles, 44 "
To St. Thomas and the other Danish islands, by U. S. packet
to Kingston, the single rate is 18 cents under 2^500 miles, and 28
cents over 2,500 miles, prepayment required.
On newspapers sent, the postage (U. S. and British) is 6 cents,
to be prepaid. On newspapers received, the rate to be collected
is 2 cents, the British postage beins prepaid.
The single postage to any part of the Argentine Repu1)lic from
any point in the United States is (to be prepaid) 45 **
Tfte postage on letters to the following places — i. e. to Guaya-
quil and Q,uito, in Ecuador; to Cobiga ana La Paez, in Bolivia;
to Copiapo, Huasco, Coquimbo, Valparaiso, and St. Jago, in
Chili — is (to be prepaid).
On letters sent, being U. S. and British postage, 48 cents.
On letters receired, IT. S. postage only, 24 '<
178 T7KITED STATES. [1856.
Newgpapers sent, 8 cents each, to be prepaid ; those received,
4 cents each.
The postage on letters to Lima, Callao, Arica, Payta, and
other places in Peru, is,
On letters sent (to be prepaid), 32 cents.
On those received, 20 *'
On newspapers sent, 8 cents each ; on those received, 4 cents
each.
On letters sent to Bogota and Buenaventura, in New Granada,
the postage is 28 cents, to be prepaid. On letters received from
these places, 20 cents. Newspapers sent, 8 cents *, received, 4
cents.
Postage to and from Canada^ A'eio Brunswick, Aboa Scotia, A'eufoundlandt
Cape Breton, and Prince Edtoard^s Island, from and to any Point in the
United States.
On letters sent not over 3,000 miles from the line in the United
States, 10 cents.
Sent over 3,000 miles in the United States, ' 15 «
Prepayment is optional in either country, but all is to be prepaid or none.
A mail is made up for the British Provinces, via Halifax, from New York
and Boston, by the English steamers. The postage on a single letter thus
sent is 5 cents, to be prepaid. The postage on newspapers and periodicals
to these places is at the regular United States rates, to and from the line,
to be paid in the United States. Editors may exchange free of expense.
Postage on Pamphlets and Magazines to and from Foreign Countries, from
and to any Point in the United States.
The postage on magazines and pamphlets to all foreign countries, except
Great Britain, the British North American Provinces, and the west coast
of South America, is, by whatever line sent, one cent an ounce or fraction
of an ounce. To the west coast of South America it is four cents an
ounce or fraction of an jounce, to be collected in all cases in the United
States. To and from the British North American Provinces the postage
is the regular United States rate to and from the line, to be prepaid when
sent, and collected when received.
On each periodical and pamphlet between Great Britain and the United
States, the United States postage is 2 cents, if not over 2 ounces in weight,
and 4 cents per ounce or fraction of an ounce over 2 ounces, always to be
prepaid. An additional British postage of the same rate, when not exceed-
ing 2 ounces, must be paid in England ; but the third ounce raises the
British charge to 6 pence (12 cents), with 2 pence (4 cents) additional for
each additional ounce. When sent to or received from foreign countries,
without passing through the United Kingdom, they will be charged with the
regular United States rates, to be prepaid when sent, and collected when
received. No pamphlet can be sent weighing over 8 ounces, and no
periodical over 16 ounces, without being subject to letter postage.
Newspapers and periodicals to foreign countries, and particularly to the
Continent of Europe, must be sent in narrow bands, open at the sides or
end ; otherwise they are chargeable there with letter postage.
1855.] CONGSBSS. 179
9. JhiumiUs aetuaUy crtditBd for the Transpariatum of the MaUSf by States
and Territories^ and the Amount of Postages coUeeted in the same^ in the
Year ending June 30, 1853.
StalM andTerriloriea.
Letter
Postage.
Postage.
^d!"
Total
Postages
collected.
Trans-
portation.
Ken uampsbire, .
• 6d,300.7S« 16.433.29
• 41,460.92
912&.194.94
• 52,767.88
43.276.13 10,74077
27,686.63
81,703.63
31,999.45
Vermont, .
4i;041.06 12.000.34
26.697.44
78,638.86
62,476.86
230,62628 3i;0i3.50
192,427.04
463,966.80
130,117.13
Rhode IsbuMi, . .
22,337.19 3,164.98
21,876.62
47,377.79
12,139.72
Ooimecticut, .
70,646.94 15.166.57
60,661.98
146,364 60
64,173.13
New York,. . .
686,609 28
111,762.43
377,264.36
1,176,616.06
456,019.76
Delaware,
9,660.381 1,969.22
4,661.11
16,310.71
9,412.00
New Jersey. ,
PennayWanla, .
68,461.42^ 8,639.16
21,973.59
163,983.70
89,074.17
74,139.66
273,372 91
61,001.69
488.308.30
238.019.69
Maryland. . . .
District of Cduinbia,
83,189.06
16,443.91
63.926.16
152,168.11
191,686.20
18,695.01
3,191.64
16.046.24
37,832.89
Virginia, . . .
90,894.86
28.112.26
64,466.07
183,472.19
313,234.72
North Carolina,
28,838.43
12,107.46
19,805.63
60,761.51
175,630.69
South Carolina, . .
41,302.78
10,144.03
31,538.94
82,985.76
127,169.19
fs^.-.\
76,316.01
19,079.76
47,404.38
142,80ai4
216,238.78
8,721.69
2,447.31
6,709.83
16 878.83
38,661.99
Alabama, . . !
63,804.18
16,491.93
26,795.74
96.091.86
178,643,35
Miaeiasippi, . .
42,228.09
13,665.44
17,22468
73,108.21
115.924.92
Texas,
29,916.73
8,078 03
9,169.70
47,164.46
139,362.19
Kentucky, .
61,080.71
15,977.08
35,484.81
112.542.60
139,088.15
Michigan, . .
63,048.34
14,470.76
29.238.09
96,767.19
136,260 14
Wiaconain, .
44,493.41
13,132 09
15,946.33
73,670.83
46,608.00
Louisiana,' . .
80,822.62
13.440.96
33,906.70
128,170.18
90,420.73
Tenneaaee, •
46,272.79
13.943.83
26,484.48
86,701.10
92,385.29
Missouri,. . .
68,436.03
12,765.01
27,681.78
98,781.82
140.454.41
Illinois, . . .
99,426.86
28,069.78
47,861.20
176,346.83
181,611.19
Ohio, ...
202,317.11
49,295.44
24,147.17
375,769 72
363,182.37
Indiana,
77,620.25
24,399.02
35,420.16
137,339.43
109.392.96
Arkansas, . .
16.188.71
4,696.27
4,321.91
26,105.89
90,859.16
Iowa, . ' . . .
23,77621
7,234.61
9,969.40
40,980.22
36,393 82
CUilbmia. . .
93.961.04
13,111.56
16,089.40
123,152.00
174,243.02
Oregon Territory,
Minnesota Temiory,
6,276.31
1,580.35
1,940.69
9,797.36
47,682.16
1,63011
560.84
1,338.91
3,529.86
2,386.28
New Mexico Territory,
361.17
85.12
80.93
617.22
19,647.22
Utah Territory,
715.15
41.61
.199.00
965.66
3,269.70
Nebraska Territory, .
469.64
60.64
62018
Washington Territory,
Total,. .
Add Bremen
149.66
ia49
74.74
236.89
2,843,762.06
611,420.06
1,629,292.46
5,084,464.67
4,199,951.68
^S^'i.c.'^'*^"
laneoos entries, 8,712.36
213.36 86.64
30.33
Total, . .
2,843,963.421 611,333.42
1,629,262.121
XIII. CONGRESS.
Thi CongresB of the United States consists of a Senate and House of
Rapresentatires, and must assemble at least once every year, on the first
Monday of December, unless it is otherwise proTided by law.
The Senate is composed of two members from eachSute ; and, of course,
the regular number is now 62. They are chosen by the Legislatures of the
several States, for the term of six years, one third being elected biennially.
The Vice-President of the United States is the President of the Senate,
in which body he has only a casting rote, which is given in case of an
equal division of the votes of the Senators. In his absence, a President
pro tempore is chosen from among the Senators by the Senate.
» In dosed nana ; thars wsn, basidaa, 83,1» in tha Pnusian closed mails.
180 UNITED STATES. [1855.
The House of Representatives is composed of members from the several
States, elected by the people, for the term of two years. The Representa-
tives are apportioned among the different States according to population,
in the following manner. Under the provisions of the act of Congress of
May 23, 1850, Ch. XI. §§ 25, 26, the number of Representatives is estab-
lished at 233. After each decennial enumeration, the aggregate represent-
ative population of the United States is ascertained by the Secretary of
the Interior, by adding to the whole number of free persons in all the
States, including those bound to service for a term of years, and exclud-
ing Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons. This aggregate ie
divided by 233, and the quotient, rejecting fractions, if any, is the ratio
of apportionment among the several States. The representative pop-
ulation of each State is then ascertained in the same manner, and is divid-
ed by the above-named ratio, and this quotient gives the apportionment of
Representatives to each State. The loss by fractions is compensated for
by assigning to as many States having the largest ft-actions as may be ne-
cessary to make the whole number of Representatives 233, one additional
member each lor its ft'action. If after the apportionment new States are
admitted. Representatives are assigned to such States upon the above basis,
in addition to the limited number of 233 ; but such excess continues only
until the next apportionment under the succeeding. census. When the ap-
portionment is completed, the Secretary sends a certificate thereof to the
House of Representatives, and to the Executive of each State a certificate
of the number apportioned to such State. The present number of Repre-
sentatives is 234, an additional representative being temporarily assigned to
California by the act of July 30, 1852. There are, besides, seven Delegates,
one each ft-om Oregon, Minnesota, Utah, New Mexico, Washington, Kan-
zas, and Nebraska, who have a right to speak, but not to vote. A previous
law (Laws of 1842, Ch. 47) requires that in each State the Representatives
/'shall be elected by districts composed of contiguous territory, equal in
number to the number of Representatives to which said State may be en-
titled, no one district electing more than one Representative." For a table
of apportionments, &c. among the several States, see post, page 188.
Since the 4th of March, 1817, the compensation of each member of the
Senate and House of Representatives has been $8 a day, during the period
of his attendance in Congress, without deduction in case of sickness ; and
^ 8 for every twenty miles* travel, in the usual road, in going to and return-
ing firom the seat of government. The compensation of the President of
the Senate pro tsmpore^ and of the Speaker of the House of Representa-
tives, is $ 16 a day.
Thirtt-third Cokgrxss, 2d Sxssioir.
Thx Sxmatx.
[The Hgmea dtnote the expiration of the terms of the Se&atori.]
David R. Atchison, of Missouri, President pro tempore,
Maine. I JVeio Hampshire,
Hannibal Hamlin, Hampden, 1857 Moses Norris, Jr. Manchester, 1855
Wm. Pitt Fessenden, Portland, 1859|yacancy,* 1659
« Jf«rad S. WilliaixM was appointed viee AtherUm, deceased, but than was no election hj
t {iftgialature.
X855.]
COHGKBfMS.
181
VermmU.
Lawrence Brainerd, St. Albans, 1855
Solomon Foot, Rutland, 1857
MasiathMsetta.
Charles Sumner, Boston, 1857
Vacancy,* 1859
Rhode Idand,
Charles T. James, Proyidence, 1857
Philip Allen, Providence, 1859
Connuiieut.
Francis Gillette, Hartford, 1855
Isaac Toucey, Hartford, 1857
JV«io York.
Wm. H. Seward, Auburn, 1855
Hamillon Fish, New York, 1857
Aeto Jersey,
J. R. Thompson, Princeton, 1857
William Wright, Newark, 1859
Pennyslvama.
James Cooper, Adams, 1855
Richard Brodhead,£a8ton, 1857
Ddaware.
James A. Bayard, Wilmington, 1857
John M. Clayton, Newcastle, 1859
Maryland,
James A. Pearce, Chestertown, 1855
Thofl. G. Pratt, Annapolis, 1857
VtrgifOA.
James M. Mason, Winchester, 1857
RJII.T.Hunter,LIoyds,Es8ex Co. 1859
Korth Carolina.
Geo. E. Badger, Raleigh, 1857
Vacancy, 1859
South Carolina.
A. P. Butler, Edgefield C.H.1855
Joeiah J. Evans, Society Hill, 1859
Georgia,
Wm. C. Dawson, Greensboro', 1855
Rc^rt Toombs, Washington, 1859
Mabama.
Benj. Fitzpatrick, Wetumpka, 1855
C. C. Clay, Huntsville, 1859
JfUSflMippl.
Stephen Adams, Aberdeen,
Albert G. Brown, Gallatin,
Louinana,
John Slide!, New Orleans, 1855
J. P. Benjamin, New Orleans, 1859
Arkansas,
Robt. W. Johnson, Little Rock,
Wm. K.Sebastian, Helena,
Tennessee,
James C. Jones, Memphis,
John Bell, Nashville,
Kentucky,
Archibald Dixon, Henderson,
J. B. Thompson, Harrodsburg, 1859
Ohio. •
Salmon P. Chase, Cincinnati,
Benj. F. Wade, Jefferson,
Michigan,
Lewis Cass, Detroit,
Charles £. Stuart, Kalamazoo,
John Pettit, La&yette,
Jesse D. Bright, Madison,
Illinois,
James Shields, Belleville,
S. A. DougUs, Cluincy,
Missouri.
David R. Atchison, Platte City, 1855
Henry S. Geyer, St. Louis, 1857
Florida,
Jackson Morton, Pensaoola, 1855
S. R. Mallory, Jacksonville, 1857
Tcms,
Thos. J. Rusk, Nacogdoches, 1857
Samuel Houston, Huntsville, 1859
Iowa.
A. C. Dodge, Burlington,
George W. Jones, Dubuque,
Wisconsin.
Henry Dodge, Dodgeville,
\, P. Walker, Milwaukee,
1857
W59
1855
1859
1857
1859
1855
1855
1857
1857
1859
1855
1857
1855
1859
1855
1859
1857
1859
* Julius Rockwell, of Pittsfield, was appointed vice Everett, resigned, to serve until the
Legislature electa or adjourns.
16
182
UKITBD STATES.
[1855.
Califomim,
Wm. M. Gwinn, San Franeisoo, 1855
Join B. Weller, San Francisco, 1857
Principal Officers of the Senate.
Asbury Dickins, Secretary.
Lewis H. Maehen, Ckitf Clerk.
Henry Slicer, Chaplain.
D. R. McNair, Sergeani-^t-drms.
Isaac HolJand, Doorkeeper.
HOVSK OP RSPRSSSNTATITSS OF THK ThIRTY-THIRD CoHGRESS,
which mU expire on the ^ ofMarch^ 1855.
Hoir. LiKK BoTDi of Kentucky, Speaker.
tThe Mcond saraion of the 33d Congress commences on the 4th of December, 1854. The
numbers prefixed to the names of the members show the Districts in each State from
which they were chosen. The numbers afier the names of the Slates indicate the num>
her of Represenutives to which, under the present apportionmeot, the Sute is entitled.]
Maine. — 6.
4. Benson, Samuel P., Winthrop.
3. Farley, £. Wilder, Newcastle.
6. Fuller, Thos. J. D., Calais.
2. Mayall, Samuel, Gray.
1 . McDonald, Mosei, Portland.
5. Washburn, Israel, Jr., Orono.
Jfew Hampshire. — 3.
3. Hibbard, Harry, Bath.
1. Kittredge, Geo. W., Newmarket.
2. Morrison, Geo. W., Manchester.
Vermont. S.
1. Meacham, James, Middlebury.
3. Sabine, Alvah, Georgia.
2. Tracy, Andrew, Woodstock.
Massachusetts. — 11.
5. Appleton, William, Boston.
7. Banks, Nathl. P., Jr., Waltbam.
2. Crocker,SamuelL., Taunton.
9. DeWitt, Alexander, Oxford.
10. Dickinson, £dw., Amherst.
3. Edmand9,J. Wiley, Newton Cor.
1. Eliot, Thomas D., New Bedford.
11. Goodrich, John Z., Glen Dale.
6. Upham, Chas. W., Salem.
4. Walley, Saml. H., Roxbury.
8. Wentworth, Tappan, Lowell.
Rhode Island. — fi.
1. Davis, Thomas, Providence.
2. Thurston, Ben j.B.^Hopkinton.
Connecticut. — 4.
3. Belcher, Nathan, New London.
2. Ingersoll, Colin M., New Haven.
1. Pratt, James T., Rocky Hill
4. Seymour, Origen S., Litchfield^
J^ew yorifc— 33.
21. Bennett, Henry, New Berlin.
29. Carpenter, David, Brockport.
19. Chase, George W., Scheneven.
2. CummingSyThos.W., Brooklyn.
8. Cutting, Francis B., New York.
33. Fenton, Reuben E.fFrewsburg.
31. Flagler, Thos. T., Lockport.
. Goodwin, H. G. O.^
28. Hastings, George, Mount Morris.
32. Haven, Solo. G., Buffalo.
15. Hughes, Charles, Sandy Hill.
24. Jones, Daniel T., Baldwinsville.
23. Lyon, Caleb, Lyonsdale.
20. Matteson, Orsamus B., Utica.
1. Maurice, James. Maspeth.
25. Morgan, Edwin B. Aurora.
10. Murray, William, Goshen.
26. Oliver, Andrew, Pen Yan.
9. Peck, Jared V., Port Chester.
14. Peckbam, Rufus W., Albany.
17. Perkins, Bishop, Ogdensburg.
30. Pringle, Benjamin, Batavia.
18. Rowe, Peter, Schenectady.
13. Sage, Russell, Troy.
16. Simmons, Geo. A., Keeseville.
27. Taylor, John J., Owego.
12. Teller Isaac.
5. Tweed, William M., New York.
3. Walbridge, Hiram, New York.
7. Walker, William A., New York.
4. Walsh, Mike, New York.
1 1 . Westbrook, Theo, R., Kingston.
6. Wheeler, John, New York.
1855.]
OQPGBBB8.
183
5.
2.
1.
4.
7.
2.
24.
20.
25.
19.
6.
1.
J5.
14.
9.
22.
8."
16.
18.
10.
5.
13.
21.
3.
17.
41.
23.
4.
12.
Lilly, Samuel, I^mbertAlle.
Pennington, A. C. M., Newuk.
Skelton, Charles, Trentoii.
Stratton, Nathan T., Mallica Hill.
Vail, George, Morristown.
Femuyhmnia. — 25.
Bridges, Saml. A., Allentown.
Chandler, Jos. R., Philadelphia.
Curtis, Carlton B., Warren.
Dawson, John L., Brownsville.
Dick, John, Meadville.
Dram, Augustus, Indiana.
Everhart, William, West Chester.
Florence, Tfaos. B., Philadelphia.
Gamble, James, Jersey Shore.
Grow, Galusha A., Glenwood.
Hiester, Isaac E., Lancaster.
Howe, Thos. M., Alleghany City
Jones, J. Glancy.
Kurtz, Wm. H., York.
McCulloch, John, ShaTer*s Creek.
Middleswarth, N., Beavertown.
M'Nair, John, Norristown.
Packer, Asa, Mauch Chunk.
Ritchie, David, Pitftburg.
Bobbins, J., Jr., Kensington, Phil.
Russell, Samuel L., Bedford.
Straub, Christian M., Pottsville.
Trout, Michael C, Sharon.
Witte, William H., Richmond.
Wright, Hendr. B., Wilkedbarre.
Delaware, — 1.
Riddle, George R., Wilmington.
Maryland, — 6.
Franklin, John R., Snowhill.
Hamilton, Wm. T., Hagerstown.
May, Henry, Baltimore.
Shower, Jacob, Manchester.
Sollers, A. R., Pr. Fredericktown.
Yansant, Joshua, Baltimore.
Virginia. — 13.
Bayly, Thos. H., AecomacC. H.
Bocock, T. S., Appomatox C. H.
Caskie, John S., Richmond.
Edmundson, Henry A., Salem.
Faulkner, Ghas. J., Martinsburg.
4. €£ode, WilliaBO., Boydlim.
10. Leteher, John, Lexingtoa.
11. L«wia, C. S.
13. McMullea, Fayette, Rye Core.
2. MillaoD, John S.» Norfolk.
6. Powell, Panlos, Amherst C. H.
7. Smith, WilUam, Wairentoo.
12. Snodgraas^JoluiF.fPU'kersbDr;^
Jfortk CnvliMm,'-'8.
3. Ashe, William S., Wilmington.
7. Craige, Burton, Salisbury.
8. Clingman,Tho6 L.,Asheville.
5. Kerr, John, Yanceyville.
6. Puryear, Rich. C, Huntsville.
4. Rogers, S. H., Raleigh.
2. Ruffin, Thomas, Goldsboroogh.
1. Shaw, Henry M., Indian Town.
StnUk Orcp/nia.— 6.
2. Aiken, William, Charleston.
6. Boyce, W. W., Winnsboro'.
4.- Brooks, Preston S., Ninety-Six.
3. Keitt, L. M. Orangeburgh C. H.
1. McQueen, J., Marlborough C.H.
5. Orr, James L., Anderson.
Georgia, — 8. ^
3. Bailey, David J., Jackson.
5. Chastain, Elijah W.,Tacoah.
2. Colquitt, Alfred H., Newton.
4. Dent, W. B. W., Newnau.
6. Hillyer, Junius, Monroe.
7. Reese, David A., Monticello.
1. Seward, James L., Thomasville.
8. Stephens, A. H., Crawfordsville.
jSlabdma, — 7.
2. Abercrombie, James, Girard.
6. Cobb. W. R. W., Beliefonte.
7. Dowdejl, James F.,ChambersC.H.
3. Harris, S. W., Wetumpka.
5. Houston, Geo. S., Athens.
1. Phillips, Philip, Mobile.
4. Smith, William R., Fayette C.H.
Mississippi, — 5.
5. Barksdale, William, Columbus.
2. Barry, William 8., Greenwood.
4. Harris, Wiley P., Monticello.
3. Singleton, O. R., Canton.
1. Wright, Daniel B., Salem.
184
UNITED STATES.
Ixntmatus.—- 4.
1. Dunbar, WiUiam, New Orleans. 11
Hunt, Theodore 6., New Orleans.
4. Jones, Roland, ShreTeport
3. Perkins, John, Jr., Ashwood.
Arkansas. — 2.
1. Greenwood, A. B., Bcntonville.
2. Warren, E. A., Camden.
TamessBe, — 10.
7. Bugg, R. M., Lynnville.
2. Churchwell, Wni. M., Knoxyilie
4. Cullom, William, Carthage.
9. Etheridge, Emerson, Dresden.
6. Jones, Geo. W., Fayetteville.
5. Ready, Charles, Murfreesbon.
3. Smith, Samuel A., Charleston.
10. Stanton, Fred. P., Memphis.
8. Zollicoffer, F. K., Nashville.
1. Vacant.*
Kentucky, — 10.
1. Boyd, Linn, Paducah.
8. Breckenridge, J. C.,LexingtDn.
4. Chrisman, James S., Monticello.
9. Cos, Leander M., Flemingsburg.
%, Elliott, J. M., Prestonsburg.
2. Grey, B. Edwards, Hopkinsville.
5. Hill, Clement S., Lebanon.
7. Preston, William, Louisville.
10. Stanton, Rich. H., Maysville.
3. Vacant, t
OAw. — 21.
16. Ball, Edward, Zanesville.
18. Bliss, George, Akron.
3. CampbellfLewisD.jHamilton.
8. Corwin, Moses B., Urbana.
1. Disney, David T., Cincinnati.
5. Edgerton, Alfred P., Hicksville.
6. Ellison, Andrew, Georgetown.
20. Giddings, J. R., Jefferson.
9. Green, Fred. W., Tiffin.
7. Harlan, Aaron, Tellow Springs.
2. Harrison, J. S., Cleves. Hamil. Co.
14. Johnson, Harvey H., Ashland.
13. Lindsley, W. D., Sandusky City
4. Nichols, Matthias H., Lima.
[1855.
12. Olds, Edson B., Circleville.
Ritchey, Thomas/ Somerset
15. Sapp, William R., Mt. Vernon*
17. Shannon, Wilson, St. CUirsville.
21. Stuart, Andrew, SteubenvlUe.
10. Taylor, John L., Chillicothe.
19. Wade, Edward, Cleveland.
Michigan. — 4.
3. Clark, Samuel, Kalamazoo.
2. Noble, David A., Monroe.
4. Stephens, Hector L., Pontiac.
1. Stuart, David. Detroit.
Indiana, — 11.
10. Chamberlain, E. M., Goshen.
7. Davis, John G., Rockville.
3. Dunham, Cyrus L., Valley Farm.*
9. Eddy, Norman, South Bend.
2. English, W^m. H., Lexington.
11. Harlan, Andrew J., Marion.
6. Hendricks, Thos. A., Shelby ville.
4. Lane, James H., Lawrenceburg.
8. Mace, Daniel, Lafayette.
1. Miller, Smith, Patoka.
4. Parker, Samuel W.,ConnersvilIe.
^ Illinois. — 9.
7. Allen, James C, Palestine.
9. Allen, Willis, Marion.
8. Bissell, Wm. H., Belleville.
4. Knox, James, Knoxville.
3. Norton, Jesse O., Joliet.
5. Richard8on,Wm.A.,Q,uincy.
1. Washburne, E. B., Galena.
2. Wentworth, John, Chicago.
6. Yates, Richard, Jacksonville.
Missouri, — 7.
1. Benton, Thos. H., St. Louis.
7. Carutbers, Saml., Fredericktown.
2. Lamb, Alfred W., Hannibal
3. Lindley, James J., Monticello.
4. Miller, John G., Boonville.
5. Oliver, Mqrdecai, Richmond.
6. Phelps, John S., Springfield.
Florida,^!.
Maxwell, A. E., Tallahassee.
« ^ir the death of Bcookine Campbell.
t By the death ofPradey EwiOf.
1865.]
CONGRESS.
185
Texas. -- 2.
2. Bell, P. H., Austin.
1. Smy the, George W., Jasper.
Iowa. — 2.
2. Cook, John P., Davenport.
1. Henn, Bernhardt, Fairfield.
Wiscaruin, — 3.
2. Eastman, Benj. C, Platteville.
3. Macy, John B. Fond du Lac
1. Wells, Daniel, Jr. Milwaukee.
California, — 2.
2. Latham, M.S., Sacramento City,
1. McDougal, J. A., San Francisco,
DSLEGATSS, — 7.
Minnesota Territory.^-!,
Rice, Henry M., St. Paul.
J{ew Mexico Territory. — 1.
Gallegos, Jose M., Alboquerque-
Oregon Territory. — 1.
Lane, Joseph, Winchester.
Utah Territory. ''I.
Bemhisel, John M., Salt Lake City.
Washington Territory. — 1.
Not yet elected. ^
Kanzas Territory. — 1.
Not yet elected.
Jfebraska Territory. — 1,
Not yet elected.
Alphabetical List of the House of Reprbseictatiyss.
Abercrombie, J. Ala.
Aiken, William, S. C.
Allen, James C. 111.
Alien, Willis, 111.
^ Appleton, William, Ms.
Ashe, Wm. S. N. C
Bailey, D. J. Ga.
Ball, Edward, O.
Banks, N. P. Mass.
Barksdale, Wm. Miss.
Barry, W. S. Miss.
Bayly, Thos. H. Va.
Belcher, Nathan, Ct.
Bell, P. H. Tex.
Bennett, Henry, N. Y.
Benson, S. P. Me.
Benton, Thos. H. ' Mo.
Bemhisel, J. M. Ut.T.
Bliss, George, O.
Biasell, Wm. H. 111.
Bocock, Thos. S. Va.
Boyce, W. W. S. C.
Boyd, Linn, Ky.
Breckenridge,J.C. Ky.
Bridges, S. A. Pa.
Brooks, P. S. 8. C.
Bugg, R. M. Tenn
Campbell, L. D. O.
Carpenter, David, N.Y.
Caruthers, Saml. Mo.
Caskie, John S. Va.
Chamberlain,E.M.,Ten.
Chandler, Jos. R. Pa.
Chase, Geo. W. N.Y.
Chastain, E. W. Ga.
Chrisman, J. S. Ky.
Churchwell,W.M.Ten.
Clark, 8amuel, Mich.
Clingman, T. L. N. C.
Cobb, W. R. W. Ala.
Colquitt, A. H. Ga.
Cook, John P. la.
Corwin, M. B. O.
Cox, Leander M. Ky.
Craige, Burton, N. C.
Crocker, S. L. Mass.
Cullom, William, Tenn.
Cumming8,T.W.,N.Y.
Curtis, Carlton B. Pa.
Cutting. F. B. N. Y.
Davis, John G. Ind.
Davis, Thomas, ' R. I.
Dawson, John L. Pa.
Dent, W. B. W. Ga.
De Witt, Alex. Mass.
Dick, John, Pa.
Dickinson, Edw. Mass.
Disney, D. T. O.
Dowdell, Jas. F. Ala.
Drum, Auffustus, Pa.
Dunbar, Wm. La.
Dunham, Cyrus L., Ind.
Eastman, B. C. Wise.
Eddy, Norman, Ind.
Edgerton, Alfred P., O.
Edmands, J. W., Mass.
Edmundson, H. A. Va.
Eliot, Thos. D. Mass.
Elliott, J. M. Kv.
Ellison, Andrew, O.
English, Wm. H. Ind.
Etheridge, E. Tenn.
Everhart, Wm. Pa.
Farley, E. W. Me.
Faulkner, C. J. Va,
Fenton, R. E. N. Y.
Flagler, T. F. N. Y.
Florence, Thos. B., Pa.
Franklin, J. R. Md.
Fuller, Thos. J. D., Me.
Gallegos, J. M.,N.Mex.
Gamble, James, Pa.
Giddings, J. R. O.
Goode, W.O. Va.
Goodrich, John Z. Ms.
Goodwin,H.G.O. N.Y.
Green, F. W. O.
Greenwood, A. B. Ark.
Grey, Beni. E. Ky.
Grow, Gafusha A. iPa.
Hamilton, W.T. Md.
Harlan, Aaron, O.
Harlan, A« J. Ind.
Harris, S. W. Ala.
Harris, W. P. Miss.
Harrison, John S. O.
Hastings, George, N. Y.
Haven, Sol. G. N.Y.
Hendricks, T* A. Ind.
Henn, B. la.
Hibbard, Harry, N. H.
Hiester, I. E. Pa.
Hill, C. S. Ky.
Hillyer, Junius, Ga.
Houston, Geo. S. Ala.
16*
186
Howe, Thos. M. Pa.
Hughes, Charles, N. Y.
HuDt, Theod. G. La.
Incersoll, Colin M. Ct.
Johnson, H. H. O.
Jones, Daniel T. N. Y.
Jones, Geo. W. Tenn.
Jones, J. Glancy, Pa.
Jones, Roland, La.
Keitt, L. M. 8. C.
Kerr, John, JN. C.
Kittred£e,G.W. N.H.
Knox, James, 111.
Kurtz, Wm. H. Pa.
Lamb, A. W. Mo.
Lane, Jas. H. Ind.
Lane, Joseoh, O. T.
Latham, M. G. Cal.
Letcher, John, Ky.
Lewis, C. S. Ya.
Lilly, Samuel, N. J.
Lindley, J. J. Mo.
Lindsley, W. D. O.
Lvon, Caleb, N. Y.
Mace, Daniel, Ind.
Macy, J. B. Wise.
Matteson, O. B. N.Y.
Maurice, J. NY.
Maxwell, A. £. Fla.
May, Henry, Md.
Mayall, Samuel, Me.
McCulloch, John, Pa.
McDonald, Moses, Me.
McDougal, J. A. Cal.
McMuiren,F. Ya.
McQueen, John, S. C.
Meacham, James, Yt.
Middleswartb, N. Pa.
Miller, John G. Mo.
Miller, Smith, Ind.
Millson, John S. Ya.
M'Nair, John, Pa.
Morgan, E. B. N. Y.
Morrison, G.W. N.H.
UKITBD STATES.
Murray, William, N.Y.
Nichols, M. H. O.
Noble, David A., Mich.
Norton, Jesse O. 111.
Olds, £dson B., O.
Oliver, Andrew, N. Y.
Oliver, Mordecai, Mo.
Orr, James L., S. C.
Packer, Asa, O.
Parker, Samuel W.,Ind.
Peck, J. V. N. Y.
Peckham,R.W., N.Y.
Pennington, A.C.M,N. J
Perkins, Bishop, N. Y.
Perkins, John, Jr. La.
Phelps, John S. Mo.
Phillips, Philip, Ala.
Powell, Paulus, Ya.
Pratt, James T. Ct.
Preston, William, Ky.
Pringle, Benjamin, N.Y.
Puryear, R. C. N. C.
Ready, Charles, Tenn.
Reese, David A. Ga.
Rice, Henry M., Min.T.
Richardson, W. A., 111.
Riddle, Geo. R. Del.
Ritchey, Thomas, O.
Ritchie, David, Pa.
Robbins, John, Jr. Pa.
Rogers, S. H. N. C.
Rowe, Peter, N. Y.
Ruffin, Thomas, N. C.
Russell, Saml. L. Pa.
Sabine, Alvah, Yt.
Sag^, Russell, N. Y.
Sapp, W. R. O.
Seward, James L. Ga.
Seymour, O. S. ' Ct.
Shannon, Wilson, O.
Shaw, H. M. N. C.
Shower, Jacob, Md.
Simmons, G. A. N. Y.
Singleton, O. R. Miss.
[1855.
Skelton, Charles, N.J.
Smith, Saml. A. Tenn.
Smith, William, Ya.
Smith, Wm. R. Ala.
Smythe, Geo. W. Tex.
Snodgrass, J. F. Ya.
Sellers, A. R. Md.
Stanton, F. P. Tenn.
Stanton, R. H. Ky.
Stephens, A. H. Ga.
Stephens, H. L. Mich.
Stratton, N. T. N. J.
Straub, C. M. Pa.
Stuart, Andrew, O.
Stuart, David, Mich.
Taylor, John J. N.Y.
Taylor, John L. O.
Teller, Isaac, N. Y.
Thurston, Benj.B. R.L
Tracy, Andrew, Yt.
Trout, M. C. Pa.
Tweed, W. M. N. Y.
Upham, Chas. W. Ms.
Vail, G. N. J.
Vansant, Joshua, Md.
Wade, Edward, O.
Walbridge,Hiram, N.Y.
Walker, W. A. N. Y.
Walley, S. H. Mass.
Walsh, Mike, N. Y.
Warren, E. A. Ark.
Washburn, Israel, Me.
Washburne, £. B. III.
We]l8,Daniel, Jr. Wise.
Wentworth, John, 111.
Wentworth, T. Mass.
We8tbrook,T.R.,N.Y.
Wheeler, John, N.Y.
Witte, Wm. H. Pa.
Wright, D. B. Miss.
Wright, H. B. Pa.
Yates, Richard, III.
Zollicoffer,F.K. Tenn.
Principal Officers of the House.
John W. Forney,
W. V. McKean,
A. J. Glossbrenner,
Z. W. McKnew,
John M. Johnson,
Matthias Martin,
John S. Meehan,
A. G. Seaman,
Clerk of tke House,
Ckitf Clerk.
Sergeant'Ot'JSams.
Doorkeeper,
Posttnaster.
Uhrarian of the House,
Librarian to Congress.
Superiniendeni of Public Printing.
1855.]
POFUZJITIOIT.
187
XIV. POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
States.
1790.
1800.
1810.
1820.
1830.
1840. I860.*
601,793 6«3,ie9
284,674 317,976
291,948 314,120
737,699 994,614
106,830 147,646
309,978 370,792
2,428,921 3,097,394
373,306 489,555
1,724,033 2,311,786
78,085 91,532
470,019 683,034
1,239,797 1,421,661
753,419 869,039
694,398 668,607
691,392 906,185
64,477 87,446
690,766 771,623
376,651 606,526
352,411 617,762
. . 212,692
97,674 209,897
829,210 1,002,717
779,828 982,405
1,519,467 1,960,329
212,267 397,664
686,866 988,416
476,183 851,470
383,702 682,044
30,945 305,391
43,112 192,214
43,712 61,687
92,697
Maine,
New Hampshire,
Vermont,
Massachusetts,
Rhode Island,
Connecticut,
New York,
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania,
Delaware,
Maryland,
Virginia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Alabama,
Mississippi,
Louisiana,
Texas,
Arkansas,
Tennessee,
Kentucky,
Ohio,
Michigan.
Indiana,
niinois,
Missouri,
Wisconsin,
Iowa,
msL of Columbia,
California,
U6,64U
141,899
86,416
378,717
69,110
238,141
340,120
184,139
434,373
69,096
319,728
748,308
393,751
249,073
82,648
*30,791
73,077
151,719
183.762
154,465
423,245
69,122
251,002
686,766
211,949
602,365
64,273
341,548
880,200
478,103
346,591
162,101
• '8,850
105,602
220.955
45,365
* 4,875
'14,093
228,705
214,360
217,713
472,040
77,031
262,042
969,949
249,566
810,091
72,674
380,546
974,642
656,600
416,716
252,433
'20,846
40,352
76,556
261,727
406,511
230,760
4,762
24,620
12,282
20,846
'21,623
298,331^
244,161
235,764
523,287
83,069
275,202
1,372,812
277,676
1,049,458
72,749
407,350
1,065,379
638,829
502,741
340,987
127,901
75,448
163,407
*14,273
422,813
664,317
681,434
8,896
147,178
66,211
66,586
'33,039
399,955
269,328
280,652
610,408
97,199
297,665
1,918,608
320 823
1,348;233
76,748
447,040
1,211,405
737 987
581,186
516,823
34,730
309,527
136,621
215,739
'30,388
681,904
687,917
937,903
31,639
343,031
167,456
140,445
'39,834
Toul, 3,929,872}
6,305,952
7,239,814
9,638,131
12,866,920
17,063,363
23,191^76
XV. SLAVES IN THE UNITED STATES.
Slates.
1790.
1800.
1810.
1830.
1840.
I860.''
Maine,
New Hampshire,
Vermont,
Masaacliusetts,
Rhode Island,
Connecticut,
New York,
New Jersey,
PennsylTania,
Delaware.
Maryland,
Virginia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Florida,
Georgia,
158
17
952
2,759
21,324
11,423
3,737
8,887
103,036
203,427
100,672
107,094
1»,264
8
381
961
20,343
12,422
1,706
6,163
106,635
946,796
133,296
146,161
69,404
103
310
15,017
10,861
795
4,177
111,502
392,618
168,824
196,365
105,218
Mississippi,
Louisiana,
Texas,
Arkansas,
3,489
17,088
34,660
48
97
10,088
7,657
211
4,509
107,398
425,153
295,017
258,476
149,666
41,879
32,814
69,064
U
17
26
76
2,264
403
3,292
102,294
469,767
235,601
315,401
15,501
217,531
117,649
65,659
109,688
1
5
17
4
674
64
2,606
89,737
448,987
246,817
327,038
26,717
280,944
263,532
195,211
168,462
Kentucky,
Ohio,
Michigan,
Indiana,
Dlinois,
Missouri.
Wisconsin,
Iowa,
CUiiomia,
DIst. of Columbia
3,417
11,830
13,584
40,343
44,636
80,561
1,617
80,107
126,732
135
3,011
190
117
10,222
4,576
141,603
165,213
82
747
25,061
19,935
183,059
182,258
3
3
331
68,240
11
16
4,694
t236
2,290
90,368
472,528
288,548
384,984
39,310
381,682
342,844
309,878
244.809
58,161
47.1tt
239««i
210,091
87,422
3,687
3,204,318
* No slaTes are returoed in the Territories of Minnesota, New Mexico, and Oregon; in
Utah 26 are returned : fer their population, see p. 188.
t Appnntlcef by the State act to abolish alavery, of April 18, 1846.
188 UNITED STATES. [1855.
XVI. SEVENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES.
Population of the United States according to the Ssyenth Census,
AND Representatives in Congress.*
States.
White
Popula-
tion.
Free
Color'd
Popu-
lation.
Total
Free.
Slayes.
Federal
Represen-
tative
Popula-
tion.
11
Si
Frac-
tions
over.
Maine,
681,813
1,356
683,169
683, ley
~6-
— 1
22,631
New Hampshire,
317,456
620
317,976
317,976
3
— 1
37,707
Vermont,
313,402
718
314,120
314,120
3
— 1
33,861
Massachusetts,
985,450
9,064
994,614
994,614
11
+ 1
t60,284
Rhode IsUnd,
143,875
3,670
147,646
147,645
2
t54,I22
Connecticut,
363,099
7,693
370,792
370,7ft^
4
t90,523
New York,
3,048,325
49,069
3,097,394
3,097,394
33
— 1
14,435
New Jersey,
465,513
23,820
489,333
2?2
489,466
6
22.361
Pennsylvania,
2,258,463
63,323
2,311,786
2,311,786
25
+ 1
t69,634
Delaware,
71,169
18,073
89,242
2,290
90,616
1
Maryland,
Virginia,
417,943
74,723
492,666
90,368
646.886
6
t79,771
894,800
64,333
949,133
472,628
1,232,649
13
—2
18,160
North Carolina,
533,028
27,463
680,491
238,548
753,619
8
— I
6,235
South Carolina,
274,567
8,956
283,623
384,984
514,513
6
— 1
t47,398
Georgia,
521,672
2,931
624.503
381,682
753,612
8
6.128
Florida, •
47,211
924
48,136
39.300
71,720
1
Alabama,
426,486
2,293
428,779
342,892
634,614
7
t73,976
Mississippi,
296,718
930
296,648
309,878
482,574
6
+ 1
15,495
Louisiana,
255,491
17,462
272,963
244,809
419,838
4
46,146
Texas,
154,034
397
154,431
68,161
189,327
2
2,481
Arkansas,
162,189
608
162,797
47,100
191,057
2
+ 1
4,211
Tennessee,
756,753
6,401
763,164
239,460
906,830
10
-1
t66,023
Kentucky,
761,417
10,007
771,424
210.981
898,012
10
t57,206
Missouri,
592,004
2,618
594,622
87,422
647,076
7
+2
t86,537
Ohio,
1,955,108
25,319
1,980,427
1,980.427
21
18,644
Michigan,
396,097
2,667
397,664
397,654
4
23,962
Indiana,
977,628
10,788
988,416
988,416
11
t64,186
Illinois,
846,035
6,436
861,470
851,470
9
+ 2
10,663
Wisconsin,
304,758
633
305,391
305.391
3
25,l•^2
Iowa,
491,879
336
192,214
192,214
2
; 6,368
California,
Total,
91,632
965
92.697
92,597
21,767,673
:2
19,423,916
423,3d4
19,847,301
3,200,634
Dlst. of Columbia,
38,027
9,973
48,000
3,687
Minnesou,
6,038
39
6,077
New Mexico,
61,630
17
61,647
Oreaon,
Total,
13,088
206
13,294
11,330
24
11,354
26
19,653,928
433,643
19,987,673
3,204,847
Recapitulation.
Free Siatbiin
DktriciB 4fi(t Toiriicirlffl
Toiftt,
Total Frafi
FopulaLJon
in }Mi.
Slav Eld
In
'l\n^l Frse I Sieves
PfipuktimJ iri
ill \sm. I isr>o.
&.65.1^86S LilW, iy,4;il,7yd< iii^
7,fi90,719 a,43l,fi3a 6,4 12 .sn3 3,200,412
117,769! 4,721' 110.2^ 3,713
l7.0e3,:iT3! 4,487,356 ia;Hts7.573 3^301,34
LativftPfla
in 1350L
8,330,742
J 1, 767,673
fa
— I
* The aggregate representative population (21,767,673), divided by 233, — - the number of
representatives established by law, — gives 93,423 as the ratio of apportionment among the
several States. But this gives only 220 mambers, leaving 13 to be assigned to the States
having the largest residuary fractions.
t In the column of fractions, those marked thus, t, entitle the State to an additional Repre-
sentative, who is included in tlie number given the State in the column of Representatives.
X By the act of July 30, 1852, an additional Representative is assigned to California, mak*
ing the whole number of Representatives 234. The ratio of representation remains un^
changed. The last published census tables differ slightly from the above, but as the appor*
tibnment of representation was made by tlie above table, we continue it.
1856.]
UJNV.
13ft
XVII. POPULATION OF SOME OF THE WtlNCIPAL TITIES,
According to the several Censuses of the
UmUd States,
Cities.
1790.
180U.
1810.
1820.
1830.
\m:
i&45.*
msT'
Portland, Me.,
"pT?
7,169
8,&ll
12,601
\^:m
■ ^'?IS"
Bangor,
8S0
1,221
2,867
s,e-27
14,432
Mancheater, N. H.,
615
761
877
x%^
13,932
Boston, Mass.,
18,038
24,027
32,250
43,298
61,392
9:1383
114,366
136,881
Lowen
6,474
ail, 796
S^,@il
^•^
Springfield, "
2,767
3,914
6,784
10, ass
11,766
Salem, "
7,921
9,467
12,613
12,721
13,886
iB^m
20,264
Worcerter,
7,497
' 17,049
Providence, R. I.,
7,614
10,071
11,767
16,832
2ai71
41,613
New Haven, a.,
6,772
7,147
10,180
11,890
20.346
Hartford,
3,956
4,736
7,074
l2,7Ud
13.665
New York, N. Y.,
33,131
60,489
96,373
123,706
203,007
aia,7io
37L10a
616,647
Brooklyn, "
3,298
4,402
7,176
12,042
m,^^
so'fiee
96,838
Albany, "
3,498
6,349
9,356
12,630
24,238
33,731
41.130
60,763
Buflkto,
1,608
2,095
8,663
1>^M^
29,773
42,961
Rochester, "
1,602
9,269
^,I£H
23,a66
36,403
Williamsburg,"
1,620
5,ti^,
30,780
Troy, "
3,885
6,264
11,401
19.334
51,709
28,785
Srmcuse,
gtica,
G.a>2
22,271
2,972
8,323
i2j.5a
17,666
Newark, N. J.,
6,607
10,953
17,29()
34,M0
38,894
Paterson,
7,S06
11,334
Philadelphia,! Pa.,
42,320
70,287
96,664
108,116
]■■•: 188
2r-)037
^'IS?
Pittsburg,
1.665
4,768
7,248
i 42
VMI&
46,601
i3,503
26,614
46.655
62,738
' "125
H 1^.313
169,064
Washington, D. C,
3,210
8,208
13,247
E^^27
2:3,361
40,001
6,637
9,735
12.046
[n.i60
aj,I.W
27,570
Charleston, S. C,
16,369
18,712
24,711
24,490
'^^:jbi9
2a,afli
42,985
Savannah, Ga.,
7,623
i?.748
11,314
16,312
Mobile, Ala.,
3,194
12.&72
20,616
Nashville, Tenn.,
.■^.riee
[J.929
10,478
Louisville, Ky.,
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1,357
4,012
irij^62
£1,210
43,194
760
2,640
9,644
iH,431
4e,33S
116,436
Columbus, **
2,t35
e.cwa
^'''SS
Cleveland, "
647
606
1,076
6,ciri
if'S^
Detroit, Mich.,
1,422
2/^22
9J02
21,019
Chicago, III.,
Milwaukee, Wis.,
AA'B
29,963
IpTtX)
20,061
St. Louis, Mo.,
4,598
6,862
}n,\m
S3,49I
77,860
New Orleans, La.,
17,242
27.176
46,310^
10:i.l93
116,375
San Francisco, Cal.,
1
1
16,000
XVIII. MINT.
It is lawful fi)r any person or persons to bring to the Mint gold and silver
ballion to be coined; and the bullion so brought is there assayed and
coined, as speedily as may be after the receipt thereof, and, if of the stand-
ard of the United States, free of expense to the person or persons by whom
it has been brought. But the Treasurer of the Mint is not obliged to
receive, for the purpose of refining and coining* any deposit of less value
than one hundred dollars, nor any bullion so base as to be unsuitable for
minting. And there must be retained from every deposit of bullion below
the standard such sum as shall be equivalent to the expense incurred in
refining, tooghening, and alloying the same ; an accurate account of which
expense, on every deposit, is kept, and of the sums retained on account of
the same, which are accounted for by the Treasurer of the Mint with the
Treasurer of the United States.
* By ths Stat» Cenras of this year.
t Includli^ the County.
190
X7KITBD STATES.
[1855.
iJfficers of tke Mint at PhUadtlphia.
Salarjr. Salarj.
J. R. Snowden, Director^ f 3,500] James C. Booth, Melter and
Danml StuTfeoD, TVeorarer, 2,000{ Refiner, $2,000
Franklin Peale, Oiief Coiner^ 2,000 Jas. B. LonEacre, Engraver, 2,000
Jacob R. Eckfeldt, Assayer, 2,000, W. £. Dubois, Assist, Assayer, 1,500
Officers of the Branch at Jfew Orleans, La.
Charles Bienvena, SuperinL, $ 2,5001 A. J. Guivot, Coiner,
Howard Millspaugh, Assayer, 2,000 James Brewer, Treasurer,
M. F. Bonzano, MeUer ^ Refiner, 2,000|
Officers of the Branch at Dahlonega, Ga.
J. M. Patton, Sup. and Treas., $ 2,0001 John D. Field, Jr., Coiner,
Isaac L. Todd, Assayer, 1,500{
Officers of the Branch at Charlotte, JV. C.
G. W.Caldwell, Sup. 4/>7Veas.,$2,000l£mmor Graham, Coiner,
John H. Gibbon, Assayer, 1,500|
Officers of the Branch at San Francisco.
$2,000
4,000
$1,500
$1,500
J. M. Eckfeldt, Coiner,
J. Uewston, Melter ^ R^ner,
$3,000
3,500
L. A. Birdsall, Superintendent,^ 4,500
J. R. Snyder, Treasurer, 4,500
A. Uarrastliy, Assayer, 3,000
Assay Office, J^Teu) York.-^S, F. Butterworth, Superintendent.
I. Statement of du Deposits for Coinage, at the Mint of the United Slates
and its Branches, in the Year 1852.
Gold.
Coins of the United States, old
standard, $14,144
Foreign Coins, .... 343,440
United States BuUlon, . . . 65,607,907
Foreign Bullion, . . . 359,842
Total of Gold, . • 66,226,333
Total of Gold and surer,
SiLTSB.
United Sutes Bullion, parted
from gold 6407,133
Foreign BuUion, deposited, . . 408,713
Purchases, .... 12,087,625
Total of SUTer, . f 12,903,470
$69,128,803
2. Statement of the Coinage of the Mint of the United States and its Branches
in Me Fear 1853.
Denominations.
Piecey.
Value,
Denominations.
Pieces.
Value.
Gold.
Fine Ban,
Double Eagles,
Eagles,
Half-Eagles,
Quarter-Eagles,
Dollars,
Total Gold,
CoPPXB.
Cents,
Half-Cents,
Gold and Copper
Coins,
4,ff76
1,883,336
993,358
461,019
1,407,846
4,384,149
t 15,885,996
36,646,630
3,53i2,&30
3,306,096
8,619,615
4,884,149
SlLVXR.
Dollars,
Half-DoUars,
Quarter-Dollars,
Dimes,
HalfDimes,
Three cent Pieces,
Total,
Total Coinage, in-
'cluding Fine Bars,
46,110
4,860,708
16,586,330
18,278,010
16,705,030
11,400,000
46,116
3,480,354
4,146,555
1,837,301
785,351
843,000
7,843,169
6,641,131
139,694
• 55,313,907
66,411.31
648.47
61,871,068
9,0n,571
14,613.904
$56,980,966.78
76,484,062
• 64,856,587.78
From Jan. I, 1854, to Sept. 30, 1864, 750,813 double eagles. 177.574 eagles, 514,697 half-
eagles, 129,998 three-dollar pieces, 667,769 Quarter eagles, 1,002.303 gold dollars, in fine bars,
1 9,476,646.62, and in unparted bars, • 4,066,479 were coined. The total gold coinage in value
for the nine months was •35,990,205.12; silver coinage, •7,051,140; copper. •37,775.89.
The whole number of pieces coined In the nine months was 35,647,873. Value, • 43,079, 121 .01.
The entire deposit of domestic gold at the mint and branches to the dose of 1853 was
«4,«3,334, of which •207,316,177 were from CaUfomia.
1866.] icmr. 191
3. Coinage of the Mini of the United SUUe$,from 1792, induimg the Coinage
of the Branch Mints from the Commencement of their Operations in 1838.
Years.
Gold.
SiLVBB.
COPPBR.
Wholb Couvaob.
Value.
Value.
Value.
No. of Pieces.
Value.
1793-95
$71,485.00.
• 370,683.80
$11,373.00
]S-MA2[)
• 453,541.80
1796
102,727.50
79,077.50
10,324.40
IMVjMTO
192,129.40
1797
103,422.50
12,591.45
9,510.34
].||'J,-..I66
125.524.29
1798
205,610.00
330,291.00
9,797.00
1 .^^'>-.;^41
545,698.00
1799
213,286.00
423,615.00
9,106.68
i,;«r>.f.81
645,906.68
1800
317,760.00
224,296.00
29,279.40
;i,:j,tr.Li72
571,335.40
1801
422,570.00
74,758.00
13,628.37
i..-i7i,,;(90
510,956.37
1802
423,310.00
58,34a00
34,422.83
:ir. 1.^.-69
516,075.83
1803
268,377.60
87,118.00
25,203.03
r 30
370,698.53
1804
258,642.50
100,340.50
12,844.94
■. •■ - -39
371,827.94
1805
170,367.50
149,388.50
13,483.48
-■:..i. -61
333,239.48
1806
324,505.00
471,319.00
5,260.00
l-J5.-r09
801.064.00
1807
437,496.00
697,44a75
9,652.21
'^,7\<] .:t45
1,044,595.96
1808
284,665.00
684,300.00
13,090.00
'ISCA,--^
982,055.00
1809
169,375.00
707,376.00
8,001.53
2.im.^M
884,752.53
1810
501,435.00
638,773.50
15,660.00
rt.o.xi,4i8
1,155,868.50
1811
497,905.00
608,34a00
2,495.95
L&hM:>70
1,108,740.95
1812
290,435.00
814,029.50
10,755.00
:^,7f>i,646
1,115,219.50
1813
477,140.00
620,951.50
4,180.00
lji->5,;^31
1,102,275.50
1814
77,270.00
561,687.50
3,678.30
J,s:];t.v59
642,535.80
1815
3,175.00
17,308.00
&Vi,-67
20,483.00
1816
28,575.76
28,209.82
2.S'^^i,l35
56,785.57
1817
607,783.50
39,484.00
.'i. 1(1.1.1.^67
647,267.60
1818
242,940.00
1,070,454.50
31,670.00
5.n!*7,Jl84
1,345,064.60
1819
258,615.00
1,140,000.00
26,710.00
rf.ti7.L:23
1,425,325.00
1820
1,319,030.00
p/)l 6«>n ?r>
44,075.50
ft.JLi^.^09
1,864,786.20
1821
189,325.00
i>-4:'.:r.-4Ai'i
3,890.00
aj:r.f..49
1,018,977.45
1822
88,980.00
iHri;.'i<iM..'rfi
20,723.39
:.i..M-.^:-88
915,509.89
1823
72,425.00
et.ti.a.r-o.'.^i
•:i.W6.\35
r^T.rr-oo
1824
93,200.00
\,7m,4nm
12,620.00
4.7h;-94
',-- -^i'F.UO
1825
156,385.00
l,56J, 583110
14,926.00
r^.n-^ 7 60
1 .-.^-iM.oo
1826
92,245,00
i,mi,imm
16,344.25
.^.7 74.134
■ ;h"::y25
1827
i^^aes-v.oG
2,W)9,200.ttO
23,557.32
y,(i'.i:.^45
;^' ^;1 ■t;^i.,3a
1828
110J45JM)
I, ,"5^5,600 00
25,636.24
C. ]■.!';, -53
\ :i\ :i^.\M
1829
WB,7\T.m
U&&4,ri7au(t
16,580.00
7,^74.r^l
-;x<*:-7o.50
1830
643.105.00
2,4%,4rHM:if)
17,115.00
B.3&7,191
3,l5rf.02<>.DO
1831
7J4;2i(M>0
3,175.0<,HM>J
33,603.60
11,792,284
3,02,^,1 rj SO
1832
79fl,4,T5.00
a,57i>.fiHi.i>j
23,620.00
9.ISS.387
3. KM ,{m.oo
1833
978,650.00
a,7fj9,CHHUin
28,160.00
]n.;iii7J90
:i 705 ,7:0.00
1834
3,jr>l,370J)0
3,4lS,{N^ii^)
19,151.00
]\f^'>:M3
7,:t-^T|.4^^L0O
1835
2,1^,175.01}
3,443.riiii;ififi
39,489.00
];^W(i,:i42
e.ocy.GC7.oo
1836
4,1.15,700.00
3,Grir>;!nf,.i.i"H;i
23,100.00
]:i,7Hh,:i33
7,7ftt,fti0.m
1837
1,145,305.00
2,rafi,fiiiHNi
55,583.00
l-.i .<.!]'■ "J 21
3,299,836.00
1838
1,1^13.596.00
2.3a3:n'-iM
63,702.00
]:..7Si).:ai
4/2116/M/l.nO
1839
l,35ii,f^,00
S.iag/iSfi 00
31,286.61
i[,SU,'^9i
3.57G.467.61
1840
1, 675313. 50
J,71K,7aiOO .
24,627.00
UMV>8,a40
X4'lB,f^.!^
1841
1,091 ,fiJi7.8n
l,l32,7ri^J.OO
15,973.67
S..^ll,tJ68
a,2^D,3£1.17
1842
1,634,170.50
2.332,750 (]()
23,833.90
n.7-]^ij53
4.190.7tVI40
1843
S,10S,7B7.JJO
Z,m,7^M
24,283.20
Af>i\f 1^82
lLW7.fi:30.70
1844
Q'Zntm
2,235,r»50 0n
23,987.52
^> .11.^1,^34
7.&H7,7fi7.fi2
1845
3,ruj,..:.«^'
] ,i^3.2|-Kt,no
38,948.04
i,Sfic;j96
5.fie^..''-97>.54
1846
4,034,177.00
2,558,580.00
41,208.00
N),];q.ra5
G,GXiyf;rlOO
1847
20,221,385.00
3,374,4SfM)0
61,836.69
1^,39-^.344
22 6;T,G7rflB
1848
3,77S,5|:a.;lO
2,cno,05yr»o
64,157.99
Ji.r.l9.790
5.hi79,7^J.4»
1849
9.007,7 61. W>
2.1U.^I0(J
41,984.32
vXGCG.f'BQ
iia(>i,eyn3a
1850
31,9Sl,733.5t]
i^ef^G.im.oo
44,467 50
l4^:^N-20
23.^U-z ■.:^-^l 00
1851
62,I5J4,492.M
774,^JW,riO
99.635.43
i'.^.rriLi58
f,'i ill II 1 iiMMjiin
1852'
66,S4fl.ia7,S0
^3m^.n.'^--^(1^
60;630 94
3::;.i.ni'l9
68,206^ffiRn
1853
65.^iJ:i'.jf)7,0t)
<JJ>7?.;"i?J.isj
67,069 78
:iv3M.'62
64,358,«OB
Total,
292,005,522.00
88,609,087.90
1,513,537.17
508,686,168
381,128,147.07
192
TJjnrXD OTATBS*
[xm.
XIX. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS IN THE UNITED
STATES,
According to the Census of 1850.
No. of
Churchea.
Aggragata Ac-
Av'aga
Accom-
odat'na
Total Value of
Church Property.
Average
Value of
Propartj.
BapUat, . . .
8,791
3,130,878
366
i 10,931,382
$1,244
ChruUaa, .
812
296,060
366
846,810
1,041
Oon^ncational, .
1,674
796,177
476
7,973.962
4.763
Datchlefonned,
334
181,986
661
4.096,730
12,644
Epiacopia, . .
1,422
626,213
440
11,261,970
7,919
Frae, . . .
361
108,606
300
252,255
696
Prienda, . . .
714
282.823
396
1,709,887
2.395
*0ermanSefonn6d,
327
156.932
479
965,680
2.953
Jewish, . . .
31
16,675
634
371,600
11.967
^Lutheran, .
1,203
631,100
441
2,867,886
2,363
Mennoaita, .
110
29,900
272
94 245
656
Methodict, . .
12,467
4,209,333
337
14,636,671
1,174
MoreviaiL
Prmbytenan, .
331
4,694
112,185
2,040,316
338
446
443,347
14,369,889
1.339
3,135
Boman GathoUc^ .
1,112
620,950
653
8,973,838
2'2S
16
6,070
338
108,100
7,206
Tunkar,. . .
62
35.076
674
46,025
885
Union, . .
619
213,652
346
690.066
1,114
Unitarian,
243
137,367
665
3,268,122
13,449
Univeraallat, .
494
205,462
415
1,767,015
3,576
Minor Sacta, . .
Total, . .
325
116,347
364
741,960
2,283
38,011
13,849,896
384
• 66,416,639
$2,400
XX. Table exhibiting the Seats of Govemnunt, the Times of the Election
of State Officers^ and the Meeting cfthe Legislatttres, of the several States,
States.
Miii ,
N. Hampshire,
Vermont,
Maaaachuaetts,
Rhode laland,
Oonnecticot,
New York,
New Jersey,
PennaylTania,
Delaware.
Maryland,
Seals of
Government.
Times of Holding
Electioda.
Times of the Meeting of
the Legislatures.
Virginia,
N. Carolina,
S. Chrolina,
Georgia,
Florida,
Alabama,
Mississippi,
Xouisiana,
Texas,
Arlcansas,
Tennessee,
Jfontucky,
Ohio,
todiana,
nilnois,
Hissouri,
Btichigan,
fowa,
Wisconsin,
California,
Augusta,
Concord,
Montpelier,
Boston,
S Providence, }
HartfUSN.HaT.
Albany,
Trenton,
Harriaburg,
Dover,
Annapolia,
Richmond,
Raleigh,
Columbia,
Milledgeville,
Tallahassee,
Montgomery,
Jackson,
Baton Rouge,
Austin,
Little Rock,
NaahviUe,
Frankfort,
Columbua,
Indianapolis,
Springfield,
Jefferson City,
Lansinff,
Iowa City,
Madison,
Benlcia.
2d Monday in September,
2d Tuesday in March,
Ist Tuesday in September,
2d Monday in November,
let Wadneaday in April,
lat Monday in April,
Tu. after lat Mon. in Nov.,
Ttt. after 1st Mon. in Nov.,
2d Tuesday in October,
2d Tuesday in November,
Ist Wednesday in Nov.,
4th Thursday in October,
Ist Thursday in August,
2d Monday in October,
1st Monday in October,
1st Monday in October,
1st Monday in August,
1st Mon. and Tu. in Nov.
Ist Monday in November,
1st Monday in August,
Ist Monday in August,
Ist Thursday in August,
1st Monday in August,
2d Tueaday in October,
2d Tuesday in October,
Tu. after 1st Mon. in Nov.,
1st Monday in August.
Tu. after let Mon. in Nov
Ist Monday in August,
Tu. after Ist Mon. in Nov.,
Tu. after lat Mon. in Sept.
2d Wednesday in January.
Ist Wednesday in June.
2d Thursday in October.
1st Wednesday in January.
S 1st Tuesday in May.
I Last Monday in October.
1st Wadneaday in May.
lat Tueaday in January.
2d Tueaday in January,
lat Tueaday in January.
IstTuea. in Jan.,6>e»fua//y,
1st Wednesday in Jan.{6tenL
2d Monday in Jan., btenn.
3d Monday in Nov., Menu.
4th Monday in November.
1st Monday in Nov., bienn.
Ist Monday in Nov., hienn,
2d Monday in Nov., bienn.
1st Monday in Jan., bienn.
3d Monday in Jan.
December, bienn.
1st Monday in Nov., bienn.
Ist Monday in Oa., bienn.
Ist Monday in December.
Ist Monday in Jan., bienn.
Thuri.af.IstMon.in Jan. ,bi.
Monday in Jan., bienn.
Last Mon. in Dec., bienn.
1st Wed. In Jan., bienn.
Ist Monday in Dec., bienn.
Ist Monday in January.
ist Monday in January, j
* The German Reformed and Lutheran denominations use the same building in many
places.
1855.] GOVERNORS OF TH« STATES AND TERRITORIES.
193
XXI.
GOVERNOHS OF THE SEVERAL STATES AND
TERRITORIES,
mth their Salaries, Terms tf Office, and the Expiration of their respective
Terms ; the Number of Senators and Representatives in the State Legisla-
tures, toith iJieir respective Terms,
Maine,
N. Hampshire.
VennoDt,
Maflsachnsetts,
Rhode Island^
Connecticati
New York,
New Jersey,
Pennsylvania,
Delaware,
Maryland,
Virginia,
N. Carolina,
S. Carolina,
Georeia,
Florida,
Alabama,
Mississippi,
Louisiana,
Texas,
Arkansas,
Tennessee,
Kentucky,
Ohio, •
Michigan,
Indiana,
Illinois,
Missouri,
Iowa,
Wisconsin,
California,
Oregon Ter.,
MinnesotaTer.
N. Mexico T.,
Utah Ter.,
WashinstonT.
Kanzas Ter.,
Nebraska Ter.
William G. Crosby,
Nathaniel B. Baker,
Stephen Royce,
Henry J. Gardner,
William W. Hoppin,
Henry Datton,
Myron H. Clark,
Rodman M. Price,
James Pollock,
Peter F. Causey,
Thomas W. Ligon,
Joseph Johnson,
Thomas Bragg,
J. H. Adams,
Herschel V. Johnson,
James E. Broome,
John A. Winston,
John J. McRae,
Paul O. Hebert,
Edmund M. Pease,
Ehas N. Conway,
Andrew Johnson,
L. W. Powell,
William Medill,
Kinsley S. Bingham,
Joseph A. Wright,
Joel A. Matteson,
Sterling Price,
James W. Grimes,
Wm. A. Barstow,
John Biffler,
George L. Curry,
Willis P. Gorman,
David Merriwether,
Brigham Young,
Isaac J. Stevens,
Andrew H. Reeder,
Samuel D. Lacompte,
.rC
Salaries.
n
u
$1,500
1
1,000
1
. 750
1
3,500
1
400
1
1,100
1
4,000
2
1,800*
3
3,000
3
l,333i
4
3,600t
4
5,000
3
2,000t
2
3,500
2
3,000
2
1,500
4
2,500
2
3,000
2
4,000
4
2,000
2
1,800
4
3,000
2
2,500
4
1,800
2
1,000
2
1,500
3
1,500
4
2,000t
4
1,000
4
1,250
2
10,000
2
3,000t
4
2,500§
4
2,500§
4
2,5004
4
3,000J
4
2,500
4
2,500
4
lig
3l!l
12 1
30*1
40'!
3l!l
211
Jan. 1855
June 1855
Oct. 1855
Jan. 1856
May 1855
May 1855
Jan. 1857|322
1857 20 3
1858 33' 3
1859 9' 4
1858 22 4
1856 j50' 4
1857 50; 2
1856 4514
Nov. 1855 47 1
Oct. 1857!l9!4
4
4
4
4
4
2
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Dec.
Dec. 1855 33
Jan. 1856 32
Jan. 1858 j 32
Dec. 1855121
Nov. 1856,25
Oct.
Aug.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1856
1857
1856
1857
Nov. 1856
Dec. 1858
Dec. 1855
Dec. 1855
Aug. 1857
Mar. 1857
Mar. 1857
Sept, 1854
Mar. 1857
July 1858
Oct. 1858
1855 25
1855 138
35
32
50
25
18
30
18
16
9
9
13
13
9
13
13,2
S >-
151
286
230
356 1
72 1
215 1
1281
60 1
100 1
211
742
152,2
120,2
1242
130|2
401
100,2
922
88;2
66,2
752
7512
1009
100 2
66
100
75
49
59 2
54
26|1
In all the States, except South Carolina, the Governor is voted for by the
people ; and if no one has a majority of all the votes, in the States in which
such a majority is required, the Legislature elects to the office of Governor
one of the candidates voted for by the people.
* And fees. t With the use of a furnished house.
I Including $ 1,600 aa Superintendent of Indian Affairs.
S Including • 1,000 aa Superintendent of Indian Afiairs.
17
IM
PXITBD STATSe.
[1955*
XXII. COMPARATIVE VIEW OF
States.
Absolute
Debt.
Contingent
Debt
Total Debt.
Annual
Interest on
Absolute
Debt.
Maine, .
711,500
t
711,500
42,690
New Hampshire,
None.
None.
Vermont,
None.
None.
BlaMacbusetts,
1,804,075
5,049,555
6,853,630
100,000
Rhode Island,
None.
382,3a5
382,335
Connecticut,
33,000
58,212
91,212
1,980
New York, .
23,356,923
931,645
24,288,568
1,320,000
New Jersey,
71,346
71,346
4,281
Pennsylvania,
40,566,279
40.566,279
2^)20,130
Delaware, .
None.
Kone.
Maryland,
11,353,177
3,779,732
15,132,909
660,000
Virginia, .
22,389,477
3,906,874
26,296,351
1,325,000
North Carolina,
2,230,000
2,230,000
133,800
South Carolina,
1,913,606
1,051,422
2,965,028
102,000
Georgia,
Florida,
2,801,972
2,801,972
168,000
None.
None.
Alabama,
6,168,887
6,IG3,8&7
310,000
Mississippi,
2,271,707
5,000,000
7/271,707
136,000
J^uisiana,
2,069,000
8,620,128
io,m%r2:i
125,000
Texas,
12,436,991
12,436,tnU
Arkansas,
1,558,620
l,55d,t)30
90,131
Tennessee,
5,746,856
1,353,209
7,l0(l,0ti5
325,000
Kentucky,
5,726,308
5,736,308
343,000
Ohio, .
17,165,429
17,165,429
1,018,029
Michigan,
2,307,850
2,307 ,H50
150,000
Indiana,
6,891,341
6,b0l,34l
298,800
Illinois, .
16,724,177
16,724,177
Missouri, .
802,000
809,000
60,000
Iowa,
81,795
bl»7;;.">
. 8,000
Wisconsin,
100,000
100,000
8,000
California,
4,389,075^
4,389,075
300,000
Totol, .
.
191,671,391
3<M33,ll2
221,804,503
9,04y,tf41
Total, near Jan. 1,1853,
184,303,865
3i,86:Mm
216,167,786
8,391,334
Total, " « 1852,
169,076,638
33,481,124
202,557,762
7,796,Ht3a
Total, «» " 1851,
170,535,238
31,00t>,3d6
201,541,624
7,555,351
Total, " *• 1850,
169,549,334
38,7rj(j,ai8
209,305,552
7,677,646
Total, " •• 1849,
170,749,453
4().riri^,!»79
211,252,432
7,884,005
Total, «» « 1848,
169,776,030
a^.^^a-^.Dos
205,708,038
8^21,671
Total, *• " 1847,
165,129,900
51,7dl,ji'4
216,911,554
9,07^2,[139
Total, " " 1846,
179,635,022
44:ASS,^Ob
224,023,827
9,93n,a'i2
These tables are believed to be yery accurate, being compiled almost
exclusively from official reporto made by the Treasurers and Auditors to
the Legislatures of the several States, near the Ist of January, 1854. The
account of the State debts, in particular, is full, and may be depended
upon ; that of the several kinds of property owned by the States of course
is more defective, — for the State archives seldom afford complete materials
for accurate accounts of this sort, and the property is sometimes estimated
at a nominal valuation, virhich is much above its market value. The editor
1850.] FINANCBS or THE 8TATB8.
THE FINANCES OF THE STATES.
its
Amoani
of
Other
Productire
OtherProperty
not now
Ordinary annu-
al Expenditure
exduaire of
School Fund.
Property.
Productire.
Debts&SchooU
t
t
•
t
Maine, .
116,946
150,000
New Hampshire,
None.
None.
80,000
Vermont,
None.
None.
100,000
Massachasetts, .
1^4,284
9,014,661
2,077,746
500,000
Rhode Island,
56,017
50,000
Connecticut,
2,049,482
406.000
115,000
NewYoric, .
6,666,858
35,115,237
750,000
New Jersey,
393,673
264,991
764,670
90,000
Pennsylvania,
^»1S'IS
321,032
350,000
Delaware,
435,000
350,638
11,000
Maryland, .
160,543
12,325,566
17,172,634
170,000
Virginia, .
1,153,606
8,011,668
5,899,958
600,000
North Carolina,
600,000
75,000
South Carolina,
5,504,668
115,000
Georiria,
23,086
5,000,000
250,000
131,000
Flonda, .
45,000
Alabama,
1,075,818
700,000
100,000
Mississippi,
2,000,000
130,000
Louisiana, .
2,416,938
515,000
100,000
Arkansas, .
S'222
Tennessee,
1,500,000
3,654,456
165,000
Kentucky, .
1,400,270
6,000,000
250,000
Ohio,
1,754,322
18,000,000
200,000
Michigan, .
500,000
628,900
125,000
Indiana, .
5,000,000
80,000
Illinois,
799,083
5,000,000
125,000
Missouri, •
576,668
272,263
110,000
Iowa, .
25,000
Wisconsin,
1,141^)4
40,000
California, .
463,360
"30,^*03,^78
500,000
&.«32,000
total, . .
145,015,799
Total, near Jan.1,1853,
2:^,im,im
141,934,707
21^)55,182
5,632,000
Total, *' " 1853,
t2r>, 170,730'
134,982,644
30.r>;+fc;,065^
5,812,000
Total, « «« 1851,
20,15G,e05
134,936,578
2y,B55,ill2
5,812,000
Total, « " 1850,
21,542,683
125,369,722
27,5^4,443'
5,673,121
Total, " " 1849,
y 1,420/275
118,508,448
26,33(5,755
5,358,652
Total, " " 1848,
20,3:^,SJ6
111,638,746
31,41J8,46[>
5,062,310
Total, «* « 1847,
17,631,553
108,643,384
30,660,tW5
5,435,285
Total, " " 1846,
1G,60S,719
110,396,552
23;a32,715
5,455,186
of the American Almanac respectfully invites his correspondents in the
several States to communicate such errors as they may detect in these
tables. The object here is to give only a summary of the ftcts, so as to
afford the means of comparing the States with each other. Their finan-
cial condition is shown at much greater length under the head of " In-
dividual States." Official returns published* in this work for 1843 (page
135) show that the total of the debts of the States in 1842 was $ 198,818,736.
196
XXIII. COLLEGES AND PROFESSIONAL
Name.
Place.
Presidenu.
Foun-
ded.
Bowdoln,
Watenrille*
Dartmouth,
UniTenit/ of VermoDt,
SMiddleburr,
6 Norwich UniTenity,
7 Harvard Uairenity,
8 Williama,
9 Amheret,
lOHolyGross.l
11 Browa University,*
12 Yale,
13Trinity,t
14 Wasleyan UufTerBliy.t
15 Ooluinbia,t
16 Union,
17 Hamilton,
Madiaon University,*
19 Hobart Free College,!
20 University of City of N. Y.
Unlveniliy of Rochester,*
St. John's,*
College of New Jersey,
Rutgera,
'iing
Buriinglon,t
Unlvewity of Pennsylvania,
Dlclcinson,t
28 Jefieraon,
29 Washington,
30 Allegheny,!
Pennsylvania,
Lafayette,
Manhail,
University at Lewisburg,*
Delaware,
St. John's,
St. Mary's,*
Mount St. Mary's,!
St. James's,!
-.v/ Washington,
41 Georgetown,!
Columbian,*
William and Mary.f
HampdenSidney,
Washington,
Univereity of Viiginla,
Randolph-Macon,!
Emory and Uenry^
Rector,*
Bethany College,
Richmond,*
Vir^rinia Military Institute,
University of N. Carolina,
Davidson,
Wake Forest,*
56 Charlaston,
67 South Carolina,
68 Franklin,
Sfl Oglethorpe,
6G Emory,!
H Mercer University,*
61 Wesleyan Female,
63 University of Alabama,
04 La Grange,!
'^ring Hill,S
loward,*
akland,
niverslty of Mississippi,
:i3sisaippi College,*
ktenary,!
Charles,!
>n Rouge,
65
Brunswick,
WaterviUe,
Hanover,
Burlington,
Middlebury,
Norwich,
Cambridge,
Williamsiown,
Amherst,
Worcester,
Providence,
New Haven,
Hartford,
Middlelown,
N«w York.
Schenectaayi
Clinton,
Hamilton,
Geneva,
New York,
Rochester,
Ford ham,
Princeton,
New Brunswick, "
Buriington,
Philadelphia,
Carlisle,
Canonsburg,
Washington,
Meadville^
Gettysburg,
Easton,
Mercersburg,
Lewisburg,
Newark,
Annapolis,
Baltimore,
Emmetsburg,
Washington Co.
Chestertown,
Georgetown,
Washington,
Williamsburg,
Prince Ed. Co.
Lexington,
Albemarle Co.
Mecklenbut^Co.
Washington Co.
Taylor 6).,
Bethany,
Richmond,
Lexington,
Chapel Hill, _
Mecklenburg Co.
Forestville,
Charleston,
Columbia,
Athens,
MilledgevlUe,
Oxford,
Penfield,
Macon,
Tuscaloosa,
La Grange,
Spring HilL "
Marion, "
Claiborne Co., Miss.
Oxford, "
Clinton, "
Jackson, La.
Grand Coteau, "
Baton Rouge, "
Me.
N.H.
VI.
Maas.
R.L
Conn.
N.Y.
N.J.
Penn.
Del
Md.
B.C.
(I
Va.
N. C.
S.C.
((
Ga.
Ala.
Leonard Woods, Jr., D. D.
Robert E. Pattison, D. D.
Nathan Lord, D. D.
Worthington Smith, D. P.
Beigamin Labaraa, D. D.
Rev. Edward Bourns, LL. D.
James Walker, D. D.
Mark Hopkins, D. D.
Rev. Wm. A. Steams, D. D.
Rev. J. Fariy,
Francis Wayland, D. D.
T.D.Woolsey, D.D.,LL. D.
Daniel R. Goodwin. D. D.
Augustus W. Smith, LL. D.
Charles King, LL. D.
Eliphalet Nott, D. D.
Simeon North, D. D., LL. D.
Stephen W Taylor, LL. D.
Benjamin Hale, D. D.
Isaac Ferris, D. D., Chanc*r,
AC. Kendrick, D.D.,CA./>ic.
Rev. John Larkin,
Thea Frelinghuysen, LL. D.
George W.Doane, D. D., LL.D.
John Ludlow, D. D.
Charies Collins, D. D.
A. B. Brown, D. D.
James Ciark, D. D.
John Barker, D. D.
H. L. Baugher,
D. V. McLean. D. D.
John W. Nevin, D. D.
Howard Malcom, D. D.
Daniel Kirkwood, LL. D.
Hector Humphreys, D. D.
Rev. O. L. Jenkins, A. M.
John McCaffrey, A. M.
John B. Kerfoot, D. D.
E.F. Chambers, Pra.ofTrus.
Bernard Maguire,
Joel S. Bacorx, D. D.
Rev. John Johns,
Lewis S. Green, D. D.
George Junkin, D. D.
Gessner Harrison, Ch. o/F^.
W. A. Smith, D. D.
Rev. Ephraim E. Wiley,
Charies Wheeler, A. M.
Alexander Campbell, A. M.
Rev. Robert Ryland,
Col. F.H. Smith, A.M., Stqt^t,
Hon. David L. Swain, LL. D.
Samuel Williamson, D. D.
John R White, A. M.
William P. Finley, A. M.
James H. Thornwell, D. D.
Alonzo Church, D. D.
Samuel K. Talmage, D. D.
Geo. F. Pierce, D. D.
John L. Dagg, D. D.
Rev. £. HTMyeFB, A. M.
Basil Manly, D. D.
R. H. Rivers, D. D.,
Rev. F. Gautrelet, S. J.
S. S. Sherman, A. M.
Rev. Robert L. Stanton,
A. B. Longstreet, LL. D.
* N. Umer,
Th. SoUer, S. J.
|R. H. Ranny,
794
S20
769
791
.806
834
636
793
821
843
764
700
[894
831
754
795
812
849
833
784
805
i880
842
783
792
1821
692
783
781
819
830
789
831
841
1855.} COIXBQBS.
SCHOOLS IN THE UNITED STATES.
nrr
iu-
•truct-
ora.
No. of
Alumni.
JNo.of
Minia-
ten.
Stu-
dents.
Volumes in
Libraries.
ComnMncement.
1
10
1,124
200
177
27,660
First WednesdBT in August.
Second Wednesday in August.
LastThuiadaTinJulj.
FirstWednesdBiy in August
Tiiird Wednesday in August
3d Wedn. and Thurs. in August
2
3
5
17
267
82
832
88
2S2
16,600
30,798
4
6
6
7
7
4
472
877
133
78
397
10
107
65
60
13,000
.6,000
1,400
7
34
^'!H
1,673
339
98,100
Tliird Wednesday in July.
8
9
f'S?
440
231
17,643
Third Wednesday in August
9
17
1,094
479
237
18,000
Second Tliursday in August
10
14
9
120
4,220
Last weelc in August
11
11
1,784
477
252
32,000
First Wednesday in September.
Last Tliuiaday in July.
12
24
^'S?
1,633
443
64,000
13
13
300
130
79
15,000
Last Tliutsday in July.
First Wednesday in August
14
7
448
153
106
12,170
15
7
I'JS
169
14,000
Last Wednesday in July.
Fourtli Wednesday in July.
16
14
^'SS
600
216
15,000
17
18
9
1,097
274
109
9,500
Founli Wednesday in July.
8
353
1
93
12,990
Third Wednesday in August
Third Thursday in July.
19
7
178
42
62
7,000
20
13
455
123
70
i'2S2
Wednesday preceding 4th of July.
21
22
8
16
43
109
65
3,000
12,600
Second Wednesday in July.
July 16th. '
23
16
3,236
696
225
17,800
Last Wednesday In June.
24
7
513
77
85
10,000
Fourth Wednesday in July.
25
29
118
1,200
September 29th.
26
7
6,142
88
5,000
The 15th, 16th, or 17th of July.
27
8
760
189
123
15,600
Second Thursday in July.
Second Wednesday in June.
23
8
1,000
227
197
10,000
29
8
600
112
3,300
Last Wednesday in September.
First Wednesday in July.
30
8
183
49
98
9,700
31
8
202
125
74
6,721
Third Thursday in September,
32
6
146
47
63
6,000
Last Wednesday in July.
Second Wednesday in September.
33
6
155
76
58
6,000
31
7
14
8
83
2,680
Third Thursday in August
Third Wednesday in July.
35
7
78
42
37
7,500
36
6
158
8
43
3,292
The 22d of February.
37
20
187
122
19,600
rhird Tuesday in July,
-aai Wednesday in June.
Last Thursday in July.
38
24
137
126
4,000
39
11
24
6
72
6,200
40
5
70'
1,200
August 20th.
16th of July. "
41
16
126
35
160
24,000
42
43
10
7
200
55
65
6,000
5,000
Second Wednesday in July.
July 4th. '
44
6
1,500
26
8,000
Wednesday before 4th of July.
Thursday befiure 4th of July.
45
5
900
69
62
6,105
46
15
3,500
466
19,500
47
10
200
50
136
6,600
First Thursday in June.
48
5
103
11
54
8,470
Second Wednesday in June.
Last Wednesday in September.
July 4th. ^
49
50
3
6
80
3
50
141
2,500
3,500
51
5
5
1
60
1,200
July 15th.
52
10
201
5
130
5,000
July 4lh.
53
^
1,155
77
270
13,700
First Thursday in June.
Second Thursday in August.
54
4
155
32
81
6,000
55
5
42
14
76
5,000
Second Thursday in June.
Tuesday after 4th Monday in March.
First Monday in December.
56
6
124
70
2,000
67
8
3,000
3
120
21,800
68
8
769
83
182
15,500
Firat Wednesday in August.
59
5
132
17
69
4,500
Wednesday ailer 3d Monday in July.
Wednesday after 3d Monday in July.
60
5
138
16
115
1,700
61
7
74
17
106
3,000
Last Wednesday in July.
62
7
210
140
800
Wednesday after 2d Monday in July?
Thursday after 2d Monday in July.
Second Wednesday in July.
63
64
9
5
224
140
18
7
116
86
8,140
4,000
7,000
66
20
225
30
The 16th of October.
66
6
29
3
88
2,200
Fourth Thursday in July.
First Thursday in ApriL
67
5
125
16
70
6,000
68
6
134
2,460
Second Thursday in July.
69
3
16
300
Friday of3d week in July.
Last Wednesday in July.
70
7
70
3
102
5,000
71
21
2
103
4,000
July 15th.
72
4
45
300
December.
-■i**"
ft
-
18S
UlTITXD 8TATBS.
[185d.
Nsme.
Pmnklin,
Uaiversity of Louisiana,
Tusculuro,
WashiDfton,
Unirersity of NasfaTille,
Fraaklin,
East Tennessee,
Cumberland Unirenltj,
Jackson,
Union,*
83 Transylvania.
-' St. Joseph's,!
The Centre,
Georgetown,*
KentiickyMilitary Institute,
Shelby,
Ohio University,
Miami University,
Franklin,
Western tteserve,
Kenyon,t
Granville,*
Marietta,
Oberlln College,
St. Xavier.l
Ohio Wesleyan University,!
Wittenbere,
Urbanna University,
Indiana State University,
Hanover College,
Wabash,
Indiana Asbury University,!
lUinois,
Shurtleff,*
McKendree,!
Knox,
University of St. Louis,$
St. Vincent's,
Masonic,
Missouri University,
St. Charles,!
Fayette,
University of Michigan,
St. Philip's,*
Wisconsm University,
Beloit,
Place.
Opelousas, La.
New Orleans, "
NearOreenville, Ten.
Washington Co., "
NaahvlUe, "
Near NashviUe, "
KnoxviUe, "
Lebanon, *"
Columbia, "
Murfreesboro', "
Lexington, Ky.
Bardstown, "
DanviUe, "
Georgetown, *'
Franklin Springs, "
ShelbyviUe, '
Athens, Ohio,
Oxford,
New Athens,
Hudson,
Gambler,
GranviUe,
Marietta,
Oberiin,
Cincinnati,
Delaware,
'rbanna,
Bloomington, Ind.
Hanover, "
CrawfonisvUle, «
Greencastle, "
Jacksonville, 111.
Upper Alton, "
Lebanon, "
Galesburg, "
St. Louis, Mo.
Cape Girardeau, "
Marion Co., "
Columbia, "
St. Charles, "
Fayette, "
Ann Arbor, Mich.
Near Detroit, "
Madison, Wise.
Beloit, Rock Co.,"
Presidents.
Foun-
ded.
OthonBoudet,
Hon. T. H. McCaleb,
S. W. Doak, D. D.
E. T. Bard, A. M.
Felix Robertson, P. of Trua.
Tolbert Fanning, A. M.
Joseph Estabrook, A. M.
Rev. T. C. Anderson, D. D,
B: F. Mitchell,
J. H. Eaton, LL. D.
James B. Dodd,
Rev. J. B. Emig,
John C. Toung, D. D.
Rev. D. R. Campbell, A. M.
CoL E. W. Morean, Sup.
A. GuenU, P. D.
S(^omon Howard, D. D.
W. C. Anderson, D. D.
Rev. A. D. Clark,
George E. Pierce, D. D.
Sheriock A. Bronson, D. D.
Silas Bailey. D. D.
Henry Smith, D. D.
Rev. Charles G. Finney,
George A. CarreU,
Edward Thomson, D.D.
Samuel Sprechen, D. D.
Milo e. Williams, Dean,
Rev. Alfred Ryors, B. D.
T. E. Thomas, D. D.
Charles White, D. D.
Daniel Curry, D. D.
J. M. Sturtevant, D. D.
Rev. N.N.Wood, D.D.
Rev. A. W. Cummin^, D. D.
Jonathan Blanchard,
Rev. J. B. Druyts,
Rev. R. Henesy,
J. Worthinglon Smith,
Rev. James Sha|pnon, A. M.
John W. Robinson,
Archibald Peterson,
H. Tappan,
Mr. Bowens,
John H. Lathrop, C/kanee//or,
Rev. Aaron L. Chapin, D. D.
1839
1849
1843
1796
1806
1844
1798
1844
1838
1848
1798
1819
1820
1840
1846
1841
1804
1809
1824
1826
1827
1831
1835
1833
1840
1844
1845
1850
I8I6
1832
1834
1837
1830
1835
1835
1837
1832
1843
1831
1841
1837
1837
1839
1848
1848
The Colleges marked thus (*) are under the direction of the Baptists ; thus (f), Episeo'
palians; thus (I), Methodists; thus (f), Catholics. With respect to the Colleges which
are unmarked, the prevailing religious Influence of those that are in the New England States
is Congregationalism; of most of the others, Presbjfterianism.
By Instructors, in the above table, is meant those connected with the undergraduates ; and
by students, except the Roman Catholic institutions and a few of the Colleges In the South-
ern and Western States, is meant undergraduates, or members of the four collegiate classes ;
not including such as are pursuing a professional education, or such as are members of a pre-
paratory department. Some of the Colleges above enumerated are not in full operation, and
scarcely deserve a place in the table. The column of Libraries Includes the number of vol*
nmes in the College Libraries and in the Students' Libraries.
The above table shows the condition of the colleges near January, 1853, and 1864. Se«
turns have not been received from some of the colleges to so late date. Any one noticing
errors or imperfections in the list is requested to send the necessary corrections to the editor.
1855.]
couuEiams.
1»»
IlUrt
'on.
Mo. of
Alunmi.
No. of
Mlnisten.
dents.
70
Volumes in
Libraries.
73
4
7
2
74
75
10
2
36
Last Thnrsday in September.
76
3
116
38
22
1,800
Third Tliuraday in Jul^.
77
7
432
10,207
Pint Wednesdaj in October.
78
6
61
2
106
3,500
July 4th.
79
5
122
67
4,600
Pint Wednesday in August.
80
6
43
20
VI
4337
Second Thursday in July.
St. John's Day (June 24th).
81
6
60
8
4,100
82
5
14
4
110
1,300
Third Wednesday in July.
Wednesday before 3d Friday in August.
Middle of July.
83
7
eto
60
14,000
m
17
218
80
6,600
8&
7
394
103
189
6,000
Last Thursday in June.
86
7
80
27
83
6,600
Last Thursday in June.
87
9
36
139
Third Monday in June.
88
6
4
44
300
June.
89
6
145
41
41
4,600
First Wednesday in August
Last Thursday in June.
Last Wednesday in September.
90
8
503
184
119
8,000
91
6
160
80
110
6,000
92
8
181
48
67
8,000
Second Thursday in July.
93
6
160
48
50
7,000
First Wednesday in August.
Second Wednesday in July.
Last Thursday in July.
94
5
60
10
44
7,000
96
6
137
49
68
13,700
96
12
224
128
64
5,000
Fourth Wednesday in August.
97
14
137
11
18
7,500
July 15th.
98
7
64
23
67
6,400
Second Wednesday in June.
99
7
37
4,600
Third Wednesday in August.
100
6
9
900
June 19th.
lOi
6
200
40
37
4,200
First Wednesday in August.
102
6
162
91
100
6,000
First Wednesday in August.
103
7
74
24
43
6,400
Thursday nearest 26th of July.
Third Wednesday in July.
104
8
120
3 •
120
4,000
105
6
105
38
.48
3,660
Second Thursday in July.
106
6
17
7
40
1,900
Fourth Thursday in June.
107
10
78
24
79
7,000
Third Wednesday in July.
106
7
32
5
56
3,300
Fourth Thursday In June.
100
18
25
225
15,000
July 15th.
110
10
85
7
3
5,500
Last Thursday in July.
111
6
13
46
Last Thursday in September.
lis
8
200
1
180
1,700
July 4th.
113
114
115
4
2
17
17
21
20
76
64
'900
Second Thursday in August.
91
6,400
Third Wednesday in July.
116
4
30
3,000
First Monday in October.
117
5
23
1,200
Fourth Wednesday in July.
118
6
8
1
30
2,600
Second Wednesday in July.
Annual Collkox Expenses.
Room-rent
. Total
Wood,
Name.
Instruction.
and other
College
• Board.
Lights, and
Washing.
ColL Exp.
Charges.
Bowdoin,
#24.00
#22.00
#46.00
39 wee^rH 68.50
38 ^^^^^67.00
#35.00
Dartmouth,
27.00
13.24
40.24
9.00
Harrard,
76.00
15.00
90.00
40 " 70^90.00
Williams,
30.00
9.00
$19.00
Amherst,
30.00
16.00
-46.00
40 '* 6oJm
17.00
Brown,
40.00
23.00
=63.00
39 " 6009'
Wesleyan,
39.00
21.00
60.00
40 "90.1'20.00
20-40
36.00
11.25
47.25
39 " 68.60.
jjao.oo
Hamilton,
26.00
14.00
40.00
38 or 39 w. 68.00
New Jersey,
50.00
28.14
78.14
40 weeks, 80.00
28.00
Dickinson,
33.00
14.00
47.00
43 " 76.fl6
22.75
University of Virginia,
North Carolina Unir.,
75.00
23.00
98.00
44 " 110.00
20.00
60.00
11.00
61.00
40 " 90.00
20.00
TiansylTania,
40.00
12.00
62.00
40 " 100.00
26.00
Western Reserve,
30.00
11.00
41.00
42 " 60.00
12.00
200
XJVJTJSO BTATB8.
[18S5.
2.
Tbeologioal
Schools.
Nuna.
Pla€fl,
Penontinall0a.
Jl
i
i.
i
p
11
Bwieor Theological Semiaary' Ban gnr, Me. lOn^egaiion.J
iSlfi
3
37
atfc^
7,000
2,000
Math- Gea. Bill. Institute,
Concord, N. H.:MpthoJisi,
1^17
3
40
Gilmsuiton Theol. Samiiiftjyj
Gilmanlon, " (Congregalinii.,
1835
3
23
es
4.30O
2,000
21,259
3,000
s.aoo
N. Haifiptoi(iTh«oL Seminar/,
N«w Hamplon," BapUfll,
1.^
2
3B
Theotoffical Seminary,
Antlover, Maaa. Congreialion.^
CambridgB, " (Con-. Unit,
1907
a
87
1,006
DiviftJty School, PiarF. iTniv.,
1S16
2
27
238
TbeologicaJ [nstittition,
Theol. liep Yate Colle^^e,
New ion, " Baptist,
lS2Ii
4
33
201
New Have fi. Conn.
Gongragaijon.,
ISS
4
67
637
900
Theol. Luit- of Oinncclicut,
East Winder, ^*
di
1834
3
17
151
5,000
Theal. InsL Epiac. Church,
New York, N. Y.
Proi.Epiacop.,
lai?
5
Sfll
430
H,fl63
18,000
UfilOfEi Thefjloffical Seminary, J " *'
Ffesbylerlan,
18^
106
211
ThooL Sem. of Auhiirm Auburn, "
'm
mi
4
30
5m
S,000
fUmilLon Lii . and The* jL Ti lat, , Hamj I ton , * '
Raptial,
imy
2
n
248
8,000
RochesiflrThcoLSeniinary^ Rochester, "
ti
isso
2
23
B
3,000
Hartwick Seminary, Hartwicfc, *'
TJieol. Sem. Asa. Ref. Chui^h,;Ne^biirgi "
Lutheran,
IS16
2
5
52
1,250
Ass. Ref/ Ch.,
J836
1
It
143
?^^
Th. Sein, Dutch Ref, Church, N,BruiW!wkk,NJ.
nutch H*t,
1784
3
25
}7Q
i^SSS
Tbeot. Sem. TreabyL Church, Princeion,
Presbyieriaji,
isia
S
153
Le26
u,ooo
SimLiiary, Lulheraa Church, GeuyHhiinir, Pi.
Evang. LuLb.,
1S25
2
20
250
7,(XMJ
Oefman Reformed^
Mercerabnrg, '"
Germ. Ref. Ch.
18S5
2
18
lai
S'tSS
W«^ieru ThwL Seminary,
AUe-hanyT., "
Presbylcrian,
1B2S! 2
48
252
I'ESS
Theological School,
Canonaburg, ^'
Asao. Church,
1792 a
33
147
?'SS
Tbeoloj^icai Seminary,
PitX^hur«,
A*flo, Kef.,
is2a: 3
35
85
^'SS
Weaiern Theological School,
Meadl^lia, ''
ConK. ITnit.t ,
1844
4
40
y
8,000
Theological So mi nary,
Episc. Theol. School of Va.,
Uniiin TheolnBirjil Semi nary i
PhiladtMphla, "
Fairfax Co.. Va.
Fttjf. Preabyt.,
3
13
Proi. Episcop.,
IBSS
4
38
229
5,000
Prince Ed. Co,, "
Preshyleriau,
im
3
20
175
f^S22
Vtrginia BaptieL Seminary^
Richmondj
Baptist,
1833
3
57
1,000
TlwMilogical Seminary,
Columbia, S- C
Preshyierjan,
lfl3l
5
40
i;g
5,23(5
Tlieolrtgiral Samintiry,
Usjinglon,
Lutheran.
1636
3
10
20
1,800
Pu rman T^ieoto^cal Semi nary ,
Fairfield Diflt,"
Bapiiat,
1326
Si
30
30
1,000
Moreer Theohigical Seminary,
Penflold, Ga.
it
1&*4
2
fi
11
2,200
Ha ward Theol. Insiiiution,
Marion, Ala.
u
1343. 1
13
3
1,000
WcHtern Bap, Thoal. InsU I ut. / Cjov i ngtoo , Ky .
SrtulbweMl TheoL Seminary, iMary ville, Tann.
n
im}\ 4
18
9
2,000
Presbyterian,
1891
a
24
SO
6,000
Uine Seminary,
Cliiciunait, Ohio J
"
1823
3
36
257
10,500
Theol. I>cp. Kenyon CoUeE^,
Gambler, ■*
Pitit. Episcop.j
ISSS
4
4
30
4,fiO0
Theol. lleir Wea. Rea. ColE^^e,
Granville TheoL Ikpfmrneiil,
Hud.Mon,
Preubytcrian,
1S3D
3
H
79
Granville, "
Baptist,
lB3i!
2
8
600
Oberlin TheoL Dejiarimeni,
Theol. Sem. Aas. Kef. Church.
Obarlin,
Cntigrc^atioKi,
Asio. Kef.,
183G
3
2.1
135
300
Ojtford,
la^a
I
12
31
1,M»0
Witieuberf,
SprinfffieUl. "
Christian,
IMS 2
8
.•^ e w Al Ijany Theol Semi nary ,, Hafiover, ' I nd.
PresUyterian,
1832 3
16
m
4.00O
Alioti Til* ilogi cal Semi nary , , Upper A Iton , SI L
Bapiiat,
1 1835
3. Law Schools.
Place.
Name.
Professors.
Students.
Cambridge, Mass.,
Harvard University,
3
143
New Haven, Conn.,
Albany, N.Y.,
Princeton, N. J.,
YMe College,
2
38
University of Albany,
College of New Jersey,
3
60
3
8
Cariisle, Pa.,
Dickinson College,
1
9
Williamsbufg, Va.,
William and Mary CoUege,
1
32
Albemarle Co., Va.,
University of Virginia,
North Carolina University,
2
78
Chapel HiU.N.C,
1
10
Tuacaloosa, Ala.,
Alabama University,
1
New Orieans, La. .
University of Louisiana,
3
NashTille, Tenn.,
University of Nashville,
2
Lexington, Ky.,
Transylvania University,
3
LoulsTille, Ky.,
University of Louisville,
3
Lebanon, Tenn.,
Cumberland University,
3
87
Cincinnati, Ohio,
Cincinnati College,
3
Bloomington, Ind.,
Indiana State University,
2
18
Greencastle, Ind.,
Indiana Asbury University,
I
1855.]
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
201
4. Medical Schools.
Name.
Maine Medical School,
N. H. Medical School,
Castleton Medical Ck>Ilege,
Vermont Medical College,
Medical School, Hxav.Vnir.,
Berkshire Medical School,
Medical Inst. Tale College,
OolL Phys. at Surg., N. Y.,
Med. Inst. Geneva ColL,
Med. Faculty, Univ. N. Y.,
Albany Medical College,
Med. Dep. Univ. Penn.,
Jeflbrson Medical College,
Med. Dep. Penn. College.
Philadelphia Coll. of Med.,
Med. School, Univ. Md.,
Washington Med. College,
Med. School, Columb. Coll.,
Med. School, Univ. Va.,
Med. Dep. Hamp.-Sid. Coll.,
Winchester Med. College,
Med. Coll. State of S. C.,
Med. College of Georgia,
Med. Dep. Univ. Louisiana,
Med. Dep. Univ. Nashville,
Med. Dep. Transylv. Univ.,
Med. Dep. Univ. Louisville,
West'n Reserve Med. Coll.,
Medical College of Ohio,
West. Coll. HoRMMiath. Med.
Starling Medical College,
Indiana Medical College,
Indiana Central M^. College,
Rush Medical College,
University of Michigan,
Med. Dep. of St. Louis Univ.,
Med. Dep. ofMissouri Univ.
Place.
BrunswickMe.
Hanover, N.H.
C— *'r'ton, Yt.
Piii^flelil, "
N Hciven, Ct.
N. York, N.Y.
Gfinevit "
N. Vorfc, "
AlljaiLv. "
PliniJd., Pa.
Baliimore^ Hid.
WaiiF)3n^orLr
CiiarlEittesviCle,
Charleston's. C.
Augusta, Ga.
N. Orleans, La.
Nashville, Ten
Lexington, Ky.
Louisville, *'
Cleveland, Oh.
Cincinnati, "
Cleveland, " *
Columtms, "
Laporte, Ind.
Indianapolis,
Chicago, 111.
Ann Arbor,
St. I>ouis, Mo.
Columbia, **
Foun
ded.
1820
1796
1818
1835
1782
1833
1813
1807
1836
1841
1839
1766
1824
1840
1807
1827
1825
1819
1838
1833
1830
1835
1850
1818
1837
1844
1819
1850
1847
1849
1842
1837
1836
1846
70
45
104
91
127
103
35
219
79
280
114
450
614
150
75
100
25
40
121
90
158
115
188
220
214
376
202
130
62
124
104
50
70
95
138
103
Orad-
700
860
655
350
576
473
678
862
490
1,184
68
6,316
2,036
66
850
40
124
140
,351
53
411
331
17
63
19
28
16
141
13
February 16th.
First week In Aug.
4th Thurs. in Aug.
1st Th. in March.
1st Wed. in Nov.
let Th. in Sepu
September.
1st Mon. in Nov.
2d Wed. in Sept.
3d Mon. in Oct.
1st Tues. in Oct.
1st Mon. in Nov.
1st Mon. in Nor.
nth October.
October 31st.
let Mon. in Nov.
1st Mon. in Nov.
1st October.
October 13.
1st Mon. in Oct.
2d Mon. in Nov.
2d Mon. in Nor.
3d Mon. in Nov.
1st Mon. in Oct.
1st Mon. in Nov.
1st Mon. in Nov.
1st Wed. in Nov.
1st Mon. in Nov.
1st Mon. in Nov.
Ist Mon. in Nov.
Ist Mon. in Nov.
November let.
1st Mon. in Nov.
Ist Wed. in Oct.
November Isl,
1st Mon. in Nov.
XXIV. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. — November, 1854.
Mbmbers, ex Officio,
Franklin Pierce,
WHliam L. Marcy,
James Campbell,
Caleb Cnshmg,
Roger B. Taney,
Charles Mason,
John T. Towers.
David Stuart, U. S. Representative,
Rufus Choate, Mass.,
Gideon Hawley, N. Y.,
Richard Rush, Penn.,
John M. Berrien, 6a.,
A. Dallas Bache, ? Members of
Joseph O. Totten, S Nat. Inat.
Citizens,
Jaaoes Guthrie,
Jefferson Davis^
James C. Dobbin,
Board op Rbobnts.
Vice-President of the United Sutes,
Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice United Slates,
JohnT. Towers, Mayor of Washington,
James A. Pearce, U. S. Senator,
James M. Mason, " "
Stephen A Douglas, '* "
James Meacham, U. S. Representative,
Wm. H. English, "
Ofviobbs.
The President of the United States, ex Officio Presiding Officer.
The Vice-President of the United States, ex Officio SecondPresiding Officer,
Roger B. Taney, Chancellor.
Joeeph Hennr, LL. D., Secretary.
Spencer F. Baird, AasMlani Secretary.
Wm. J. Rhees, " "
W. W. Seaton, Treasurer.
Executive Committee.
Joseph G. Totten, A. Dallas Bache, James A. Pearce.
Honorary Members.
Robert Hare, Washington Irving, Benjamhi SiUiman, Parker Cle9
303
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)09
The IbUowisg nrndt mre
—
Name.
Length.
Mitea.
When
completed.
Coet.
Expenses in
1853.
Receipts in
1863.
AmberstandBelchenown, .
Danvera and Georgetown,
Dorchester and Milton,
Fairhaven Branch, .
Grand Junction,
Harvard Branch(to Cambridge)
Lexington and W. Cambridge,
Medway Branch, . .
Peterfooro^ and Shirley,
Saugus Branch,
South Reading Branch,
South Shore, .
Stockbridge and Pittsfield, .
Stony Brook (N. Chelmsford to
GrotmU
Sloughton Branch, .
West Stockbridge. . .
19.50
a25
16.07
6.49
3.10
6.63
3.60
14.59
23.00
8.40
8.16
11.50
21.93
|iai6
4.04
2.76
1863
1854
1847
1864
1861
1849
1846
1862
1861
1863
1860
1849
1849
1848
1846
1837
$263,744
117,798
1,385,712
25,701
232,386
36,073
281,721
263,676
170,402
236,227
436,164
448,700
266,184
93,433
39,600
RunbyN.L. W.andP.
Run by 0. C.
$36,064
RunbyFjtch.
RunbyB.andN.y.Central.
$26,981 $23,679
Run byFitch.
$17,246 ^ 16,139
21 652 i ' 22,441
Run by 0. a 24,973
RunbyHoue. 31,409
SRunbyNash
{and Lowell,
$31,147 24,164
Total, ....
165.16
1
The Wobum Branch, 2 miles long, belongs to the Lowell road; the Medford Branch, 2
miles, the Methuen Branch, 3 miles, and the Great Falls Branch (in New Hampshire), 3
miles, to the Maine ; the West Roxbury and Xtedham Branch, 6.35 miles, and the Pawtucket
Branch, 4.2 miles, to the Providence; the Brookline Branch, 1.6 miles, the Newton Lower
Falls Branch, 2.6 miles, the Saxonville Branch, 4 miles, the MiUbury Branch, 3.2 miles,
and the Milford Branch, 12 miles, to the Worcester; the Marblebead Branch, 3 miles, the
Gloucester Branch, 13.5 miles, and the Salisbury Branch, 3.4 miles, to the Eastern ; the
Fresh Pond and Watertown Branch, 10 miles, and the Lancaster and Sterling Branch, 9
miles of which are completed, to the Fitchburg. The Worcester Branch road is half a mile
in length, the Bridgewater Branch, 6.5 miles; the Chicopee Branch, 3 miles, and the Granite
(in Quincy) road, 3 miles. Including such of these as have not been before given, the total
length of what may be called the Massachusetts roads, is 1,291.66 miles. Besides these,
HtMn are roads in process of construction, leading from the main lines in Massachu*
setts into other States. During the session of 1846, the Massachusetts liSgislature char-
t«red eighteen roads and branches, with an aggregate capital of $ 5,795,000 ; during the
session of 1847, sixteen, with an aggregate capital of $4,822,000; during the session
of 1848, nineteen, with an aggregate capital of $7,105,000, and the capiul stock of the
milroads already in operation was increased, $3,945,000; during the session of 1849, four-
teen, with an aggregate capital of $2,470,000, and the capital stock of the raihroads in
operation was increased $1,150,000; during the session of 1860, three roads or branches,
with an aggregate capital of $ 740,000, and the capital stock of the roads in operation was
increased $926,000; during the session of 1861, eleven roads or branches, with a capital
stock of $3,320,000, and the capital stock of the roads in operation was incraased
$ 1,515,000; during the session of 1862, eleven roads or branches, with a capital stock of
$2,146,000, and the capital stock of the roads in operation, or chartered, was increased
$2,240,000; during the session of 1853, six roads or branches, with a capital stock of
$1,636,000, and the capital stock of the roads in operation or chartered was increased $650,000 ;
and during the session of 1854, fourteen roads or branches, with a capital stock of $ 3,410,000,
and the capital stock of one road in operation was increased $60,000.
By the returns on the Massachusetts roads, it appeara that there were during the year
74 casualties by which persons were killed, or injured so that they died therefrom, and 38
easualtiss which did not prove fotal. Of the 74 persons killed, 24 were employees of the road.
98 were persons walking or sleeping on the track, or attempting to cross it while the trains
were approaching. Three persons were killed in attempting to get on the cars, aft,er they
were in motion. Four passengers fell from the care while in motion, and one death was
sofcide. Of the 38 not fotal casualties, 2 befell employees of the roads ; 3, peraons jumping
on or off the can while in motion. 18 passengers were killed or fatally injured, and 22 were
Injured, during the year ; but all, with one exception, on the Boston and Maine, and Provir
dance and Worcester roads. Mora than 12,000,000 passengara were carried over the roads
during that period.
iM,
mmSD STATES.
[1865.
2. Other Completed RaUntads in JV^ England^ Oatober^ 1854.
State.
Name of Road.
Length.
0>st.
Receipts
in 1853.
Expenses
in 1853.
Miles.
•
•
t
Maina, . .
Aodroocoggin, ....
90.00
i«
AndroecogffiD and Kennebec, .
Bangor and Piecataquia (lo Oldtown)
BucJcfield Branch (AtL & St.Uw. R.)
55.00
1,994,429
cc
ii.rs
13.00
337,194
«
C(
Calais and Baring,
vllle),
Grand Trunk Bailway (Port. Oiat.),
Kennebec and Portland, .
6.00
9.00
149.00
60.00
226,429
U %
4,649,392
2,514,067
200,233
133,338
#
Bath Branch (from Brunswick), .
9.00
Portland, Saco, and Porumouth,
Eastern R. in New Hampshire, .
52.00
1,355,500
206,668
16.80
493,082
"
Concord (Nashua to Concord),
AshuelotCS. Vernon, Ms.ioKeene),
34.50
1,409,000
300,805
163,968
«
23.90
«
Northem(Ooncord to W.Ri v Junct. ),
Bristol Branch (Franklin to Bristol),
69.00
13.00
(2,768,400
370,530
232,230
i<
Manchester and Lawrence,*
27.00
815,000
«
Portsmouth and Concord, .
SuHiran (B. Falls to Windsor, Vt.),
47.00
25.60
"
Wilton (NashriUe to Wilton),t .
15.00
Vermont, .
Rutland (B. Falls to Burlington),
Vt. Valley (BrattleboK) to B. Falls),
120.00
5,577,000
495,397
240,000
(<
24.00
1,000,000
u
Vt. Central (Windsor to Burlington),
Vt.& Canada(BurI'ton lo Rousc^s Pt.)
118.00
48.00
12,000,000
**
Rutland 9c Washington (Rutland to
Salem), . . . . .
Troy and Rutland (Salem to Eagle
Albany I»/orthcm (Eagle Bridge to
46.50
17.50
«l
((
Albany)
30.00
(1
Western Vt. (Rutland to N. Ben*
nington),
51.00
1,100,000
tt
Troy and Boston (North Benning-
ton to Troy), ....
32 00
it
Rutland and WhitehaU (CaaUeton,
Vt.. to N. York Sute line, there
meeting Saratoga & Wash, road),
7.00
-
Rhode Island,
Providence and Sionlnglon,
N. Haven, Hartford, and Springfield,
New Haven and New York (to in-
50.00
1,608,000
283,919
127,031
OonnecUcttl,
62.00
3,470,000
639,628
304;i80
**
tersection with Harlem R.),
62.60
5,131,948
961,278
579,209
€C
New Haven and New London,
50.00
1,375,912
96,138
56,643
tl
New London,Willimantic,& Palmer,
66.00
1,524,329
128 J] 6
66,071
U
Middietown (Middietown to Berlin),
EIouaatonic(Bridgeport to Pittafield),
11.00
tt
110.00
2,500,000
324,990
201,059
tt
Danbury and Norwalk,
23.50
370,000
48,830
28,167
fl
Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill,.
120 00
4,000,000
Iblal,. .
l,705i)5
3. Prine^Mil Lines of Railroad not comphtedf or in Process of Construction^
in New England^ October^ 1854.
Name.
York and Cumberland, From Great Falls, N. H., to Portland. Length, about 50 miles.
Open from Portland to Saco River, 18 miles.
Boston, Concord, and Montreal, From Concord, N. H., «ta Haverhill, to a point of inter-
section with some one of the Montreal roads. Length, about
109 miles. Open to Wells River, 93 miles.
Conconl and Clareihont, or Merrimack and Connecticut River, From Concord, N. H., to
Claremont, where it intersects the SuUivan road. Length, 60
miles. Open to Bradford, 25 miles.
Contoocook Valley, . Open from Contoocookville, on the Concord and Claremont road,
to Hillsboro' Bridge, 14 miles.
New Hampshire Central, From Manchester to its junction with the Ck>ncord and Clare*
mont road in Bradford. Open to Henniker, 26 miles.
Cocheco, . . From Dover, N. H., to Haverhill. Open to Alton Bay, 28 miles
* Worked by Concord road.
t Worked by Nashua and Lowell road.
1955.] BAILBOADS. S05
Great FaBs and Conwsj, Fiom Great FttU* to Conwaj. Opn to Milton, 12.5 milea.
White Mououins, . Frooi Wells River to White Mountains, open to Littleton, N. H..
20 miles.
Troy and Greenfield, . From Greenfield. Mass., to "Proy, N. Y.
Connecticut and Paasumpsic River, From Hartford, Vt., up the west bank of the Connecticut,
to the Grand Trunk Railway. Length about 114 miles. Open
to St. Johnsbury, Yt., 61 miles.
Canal, .... From New Haven to Springfield. Open to Tariffville, 45 miles.
Branch from Farmington to CoUinsville, 7.50 miles.
Naagatuck, . . Open from Bridgeport, Conn., to Winsted, 62 miles.
4. JVeio York Railroads in Operation throughout their entire Lengthy Sep-
tember 30, 1853.
NaiTwornoad.
Length.
^ c
ill
fill
1
|1
I|
IP
1-
'ill
Milea.
t
.*
«
«
«
t
Bii(!ato,GomInfAN.Y
90.00
y32,29a
I,2t6,i)34
1,975,421
es.asa
ii3,5i2
Buffalo and N. Y. CJiy,
SLfJU
905,710
2,G&7,877
3,313,4?3
194,898
duffalo^ Niagara Falla,
'22.0C
fi64,nr
71,674
49-2,130
]16,9H7
51,195
40,462
RuSalo and Stale Line,
mM
J, 100,000
1,033,130
2,1^I,5W2
372,949
233,4fJ5
131,805
CacjAiHJai^ua Jkr Eimtra,
mm
42G,U7
^7,141
1,147,243
146,855
167,aa0
CAnand* Xia^araf alts,
^jfi.rs
l,196,6i9
£.009,700
2,6.34,314
5a,6e*a
157,419
Ciiyusa & Susqueliajina,
35, oc
G87,0rJ0
486,722
l,076,3sil
100,732,
82,026
Hudson Kiverj . - .
mm
1^,727,^7
8,344,439
1 L,7S0,9M
1,238,617
l,4^i,M8
Lonf Ulantl, ♦ ♦ * ,
84.00
i,&T5,MS
G'24,615
2,478,01!
329,373
2!8,9G0
New YorlE and Erie, .
iM.m
io/J9J,oyo
fi2,S5?^,t;55
3l,224,d;M
4,4B4.986
3,554,290
252.660
^aw York afid HarJflm,
130.06
B,\27,55ii
2,i2t,64fi
7,249,196
909,366
64*2,377
262,236
^ew Yoric CetiiraJ, .
534.2a
32,213,983
11,564,034
22,044,529
3,570,187
2,105,757
1,619,299
*forilierii (O^denaboP:^),
113.00
i,Gii,ea7
3,959,199
5,081,373
443,2LS
477,485
Jpwego irid Syracuse ^
3o.OO
350,000
aj)S,76o
633,69e
92,563,
61.779
leoaselaer dfc SaraLogaj
SaralJjga &Schenoclady,
25.00
GlO.tXiO
112,000
80(5,7! 3
207,971
140,025
42,700
22.00
3<.Xj,0(¥j
i2o,oon
472, IW
30jl5O
g,540i
15,000
Saratoga iWashingion,
41.00
399,800
999,067
1,891,993
164,967
lG0,a'50
SackeU'iiH-ir.^Eliisb'g,
laoo
167,486'
3rj6,8l0
386,8^
3,523
12,764
Troy and Elenninn^ton,
5.S5
73.8CO
170,677
240,25a
15,415
Troy arid Bojiton, , .
27 J5
437,330
G^iJoT
1,080.405
153,202
iias38
Tniy and Greenbush,
6.0f>
294.796
84,412
78,537
Troy Union
2.00
3,000
500,000
450,424
Waifirtawn and B,ome,
96,00
1.346,075
74^,518
1,957,392
S34,90l
203,327
127,509
T^ml,
2^.41
5i,G^,mi
S|j4yljS95
100,963,663
13,174,147
10^044,990!
MM, 771
The Albany and Schenectady, the Utica and Schenectady, the Troy and Schenectady, the
Utica and SyFacuse, the Syracuse and Rochester, the Buffalo and Rochester, the Mohawk
Valley, the Syracuse and Utica Direct, and the Bufialo and Lockport Railroads, are included
in the New York Central.
The following New York roads were in process of construction September 30, 1853, and
their condition is thus stated on that date. There were, besides, 455 miles of road in process
of construction at that time.
Name.
Length.
Capital
Stock
paid in.
Capital
Stock.
Capital
Stock
expended.
Albany and Susquehanna, ....
Attica and AUeffhany Valley,
Black River and Uiica,
Buffalo and Alleghany Valley, . . .
Coming and Oleaif,
Erie and New York City, ....
Lake Ontario, Auburn, and New York, .
New York and Western, ....
Ogdensburg, Clayton, and Rome, .
Syracuse and Binghampton, . . . '.
Mile3.
140.00
74.00
108.75
30.00
84.00
63 50
75.00
232.00
137.00
180.00
80.00
143,530
268,805
68,620
13.000
8,500
29,910
158,603
27,900
28,188
453,503
•
1,400,000
1,000,000
1,400,000
300,000
860,000
750,000
1,500,000
12,000,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
1,200,000
1,500,600
659,850
1,017,800
135,000
85,000
Toul,
1,204.25
18
S06
immi) 0TATSS. [1855*
5. Other SaUroads in the United Staiet*
Gross
Receipts
1852-3.
Expen
ses
186a-3.
State.
SUna.
Miles
in
Length.
Cost.
N.J.
PenxL
Del
Md.
Va.
Burlington and Mi. Holly Branch,
Camden and Ambor
IVenton Branch (Trenton to Bordentown)|
New Brunswick Branch, ....
Camden and Woodbury,
Betvidere and Delaware (oMntoMllford),
Central (Elliabeth Port to fiaston, PtL),
Morris and Essex (Newark to Dorer), .
Union (JecseT City to Erie R. at Sufnms),
New Jersey (Jersey City, to N. Brunswick),
Philadelphia and Trenton,
Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norristown,
Germantown Branch, ....
Philadelphia City, ....
Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore,
Philadelphia and Reading (to Pottsrille),
Philadelphia and Columbia, .
0>lumbia Branch (Columbia to fiarrishurg),
Harrisburg and Lancaster,
Pennsylvania (Harrisburg to Pittsburg, in-
cluding Portage road from Hollidaysburg
to Johnstown)
Valley (Norristown to Ck>lumbia),
West Chester (to Phil.& Columbia Railroad),
Cumberland Vall.(Harri8b'g to Chambers'g),
Franklin (ChambersburgtoHagerstown),
York and Wrightsyille, ....
Stnisburg (Cumb. Vail. R. to Strasburg),
L. SchuylkiU (P. Clint. toTamaq.), open
Danville and Pottsville, ....
Williamspoit and Elmira ^. Y.), open
Blossburg and 0>ming (N^Y.),
Lackawanna A; Western (Scranton toGt.Bend
Sunbury and Erie (open to Shamokin), .
Erie and Northeastern (Erie to State Line),
Ohio and Pa. (Pittsburg to Crestline), .
Mt. Offbon,
Schuylkill Valley and Branches, .
Schuylkill (SchuylkiU to VaUey R.),
Mill Oeek (Port Carbon to coal-mine),
Minehill (Schuylkill Haven to Tremont),
Mauch Chunk and Branches (to mines),
Room Run (Mauch Chunk to coal-mine),
Beaver Meadow (Parryville to mine),
Beaver Meadow Branch,
Hazleton and Lehigh, ....
Nesquehoning (to Lehigh River), .
Lehigh and Susauehanna,
Carbondale and Honesdale, .
L^ken's Valley (Broad Mt. to Millersburg),
Pine Grove
Newcastle and Frenchtown, .
Newcastle and Wilmington,
Baltimore and Ohio (to Wheeling, Va.),
Frederick Branch, from Monocacy,
Washington Branch, ....
Baltimore & Susquehanna (to (^lumbia, Pa. )
Westminster Branch, ....
Hanover Branch, ....
Annapolft and Elk Ridge, .
Winchester and Potomac,
Richmond, Fredericksburg, & Potomac,*
Richmond and Petersburg, .
Pelersbure (to Weldon, N. C),
Richmond dc Danville (Richmond to Clover),
(Antral (Richmond to Staunton),
Chesterfield (Richmond to coal-mines), .
Orange & Alexandria (Alex. to(3ordon8vine),
9
34
Gi
36
38
31
30
17
6
e
99
93
904
10
56
22
13
7
20
44i
25
41
50
20
19
1S7
25
13
9
12
25
H
20
12
10
6
20
21
16
H
17
5
380
3
31
57
10
12 .
76
22i
64*
95
138
12
93
4,300,000
1^44,207
t
1,145^73
3,200,000
1,000,000
149,941
187,000
7i,r-
3,245,700
500,000
346,269
6,800,000
17,140,000
868,037 532,000
2,480,8261,261,967
1,700,000
15,600,000
1,265,143
200,2491 93,000
1,943,8271,326,801
118,617 '76,890
750.000
5,600,000
180,099
437,600
62,000
33,000
237,384
800,000
100,000
150,000
1,250,000
* 230,980
19,542,307
2,026,2123,645,609
1,650,000
3,370,282
369,230
413,673
181,371
152,536
400,000
1,792,245
254,367
141,120
1,164,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
227,593
'l76,485
155,000
106,060
1,900,000
* Acqnia Creek to Richmond. From Washington to Acquia Cnek by
1855.]
BAIUtOABfl.
207
in
Length.
Gross
Receipts
1852-3.
State.
Vau
N.C.
tt
Ga.
Fa.
Miss.
Tenn.
m'
it
H-
H
Oliio,
Name.
Clever Hill, .....
Maoaasa Gap (M. Gap to Franklin), .
Appomattox (City Point to Petersburg),
South Side (Petersburg to Lynchburg), open
Virginia^ Tenn. (Lynch, to KnoxvilTe),open
Seaboard & Roanoke (Portsmouth toWeldon)
Greenesritle & Roanoke(Hick8rord toGaston)
Gaston and Raleigh, ....
Wilmington and w eldon,
Wilmington and Manch^rter, S. C, .
South Carolina (Charleston to AugusU, Ga.),
Columbia Branch (Branch?ille to Columbia),
Camden Br. (from Col. Br. road to Camden),
Charlotte &&(}arolina (Col. to Charlotte, Va.)
King's Mountain (S.Carol. R. to Yorkrille),
Greenville and Columbia, .
Abbeville Branch, . . . .
Anderson Branch, .....
Central (Savannah to Macon),
Milledgeville and Gordon, .' .
Waynesboro' and Augusta, .
Macon and Western (Macon to Atlanta),
Georgia (Augusta to Atlanta), .
Athens Branch,
Branch (Oimak to Warrenton),
West, a^tl'c ( AUadta to Chattanooga, Tbn.)
Rome (to Kingston on the West & Atl. R.),
E. Tenn. k, Ga. (Dalton to Knoxville), open
Southwestern (Macon to Columbus),
Muscogee (Columbus to Butler on S. W. R.),
Lagrange (Atlanta to West Point),
Montgomery and West Point,
Selma and Tennessee (Selma to Gunter's
Landing), now open ....
Mobile and Ohio (open to Citronelle),
Tuscumbia and Decatur,
Tallahassee and St. Marks,
Viclcsburg, Jackson, and Brandon,
Raymond
Clinton and Port Hudson,
Mexican Gulf (N. Orleans to Proetonville),
West Feliciana (Bayou Sara to Woodville).
Pontchartrain (N.Orleans to Lake Pontch.),
Carrollton (New Orleans to CarroUton),
New Orleans, Opelousas, and G West, open
Nashville and Chattanoo^ (28 miles bi
steamboat on Tennessee River), . . ■
Shelby vilie Bcaneh,
East Tennessee k (Georgia. (See Georgia.)
Memphis and Charleston, open to Lagrange,
Lexington and Frankfort,
Louisville and Frankfort,
Covington and Lexington, .
Ohio ^d Pennsylvania. (See Pennsylvania.)
Little Miami ((Jincinoatl to Sprfngfield),
Columbus and Xenia,
Mad River and Lake Erie, .
Findiay Branch (from Carey), .
Dayton and Springfteld,
Sandusky, Mansfield, uid Newark, .
Iron (Ironton to Centre Station), .
Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati,
Cleveland and Pituburg (open to WeUsrille),
Hanover Branch, . . . *.
Akron Branch to Hudson, .
Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Davton, .
Dayton and GreemviUe (to Union),
Dayton & Western (open to Ind. State line),
Central Ohio (Zanesville to Columbus),
Hillsboro' and Cincinnati, .
Hi
38
10
122
106
80
21
171
136
68
37
109
22
143
12
10
192
17
61
101
171
.40
i
140
20
82
99
60
87
66
33
46
26
60
7
24
27
26
6
8
60
161
16
60
29
66
96
84
65
129
16
.24
116
13
135
100
.1*
60
40
40
59
37
Cost.
•109,267
#284,815
2,6()b,060
2,000,000
6,943,678
1,500,000
1,147,104
115,917
3,378,132
1,500,000
4,500,000
1,457,634
1,000,000
1,330,960
130,000
3,i6o;oto
584,901
2,700,000
1,267,000
4,140,148
1,865,000
3,660,000
408,457
2,500,000
925,000
1,192,326
47,860
119,084
568,899
945,508
296,600
934,124
67,926
114,498
173,542
106,732
87,421
1206,791
526,000
237,606
540,618
777,739
15,868
365,471
1852-3.
• 66,631
208
UKITK]> 8TATB8.
[1800.
Suu.
Name.
Milee
in
Length.
Cost.
Gtoas
Receipts
1852-3.
Ezpen-
1862-a
OhioV
((
((
(1
Ind.
((
«
((
fi
tt
ff
<i
((
<«
II
II
II
III.
II
tt
ti
((
Mich.
((
<i
Wise.
Cl«yeland, ZaneeviUe, and Cincinnati, .
Cincinnati, Wilmington, and ZaiMTiUe,
Columbus, Piqua, and Indiana,
Hamilton. Eaton, and Richmond,
Scioto and Hocking Valley, .
Toledo, Norwallc, and Cleyeland, .
Clereland and Erie,
LA&yette and Indianapolis,
Jefferaonville (to Edinburgh),
Shelb/TiUe Branch
Shelby ville and Knightstown, .
Rushville and Shelby viUe,
New Albany and Salem, open
Crawfordsrille and Wabash, .
Terre Haute & Richmond (to Indianapolis),
Indianapolis dc Bellefontaine(open to Union),
Lawrenceburg and Upper Mississippi, open
MartinsTllle and Franklin, .
.Northern Indiana. See Southern Michigan.
Galena at Chicago Union (open to Freeport),
St. Charles Branch, ....
Aurora Branch,
Chicago and Rock Island, . .- .
Chicago and Mississippi,
Great Western, Long Point to Naples,
[llinois Central (Chicago to Mobile), open
Central (Detroit to Chicago),
SouthernMich.^ N.Ind.(Monroe toCThicago),
Erie and Kalamazoo (Adrian and Toledo),
Tecumseh Branch,
Detroit and Pontiac, ....
Milwaukee dc Mississippi, open
Rock River Valley Union, . ...
61
77
102
45
20
87
95
159
64
77
16
27
20
196
26
73
84
123;.
89i
25
146
8
13
182
195
82
115
278
247
33
10
25
100
15
.
•
• 1,351,714
2,400,000
•516,41*4
§248.319
1,111,970
5,000,000
1,363,019
106,944
'71,446
1,986,682
2,500,000
472,109
187,396
4,500,000
"
6,000,000
6,866,834
6,000,000
1,146,537
1,100,000
'566,721
770,000
2,000,000
• • .
Total out of New England and New York,
9,813*
Total in the United States, . ...
17,146i
XXVI. PUBLIC LANDS.
The public lands belonging to the General Grovernment are sitaated, —
iBt. Within the Hmits of the United States, as defined bj the treaty of 1783,
and are embraced by the Statenof Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wis*
consin, and that part of Minnesota east of the Mississippi River, allof which
have been formed out of the Northwestern Territory, as conveyed with cer-
tain reservations to the United States by New York in 1781, by Virginia in
1784, by Massachusetts in 1785, and by Connecticut in 1786 ] also the lands
within the boundaries of the States of Mississippi and Alabama north of 31^
north latitude, as conveyed to the United States by Georgia in 1802. 2d.
Within the Territories of Orleans and Louisiana, as acquired from France
by the treaty of 1803, including the portion of the States of Alabama and
Mississippi south of 31^; the wnole of Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa,
and that portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River ; the Indian Ter-
ritory ; tne district called Nebraska ; the Territory of Oregon, and the re-
gion lying between Oreson and Minnesota, north of 429 and south of 49^
north latitude. 3d. Within the State of Florida, as obtained from Spain by
the treaty of 1819. 4th. In New Mexico and California, as acquired from
Mexico by the treaty of 1848.
Within the limits recognized by these treaties and cessions, the public
lands covered an estimated area of 1,584,000,000 acres. In this is not in-
cluded any territory acquired from Mexico by the treaty of 1853. Exclu-
1855.] PUBLIC LANDS. 809
mve of the Iftods in Oregon, California, New Mexico, Utah, the Indian and
Nebraska Territories, the entire area of the public domain is stated, after
a careful examination, to have been 471,8^,439 acres. Up to June 30,
1853, $ 142,983,478 had aooraed from sales of land to that date. The
aggregate outlay of every kind upon these lands to the same date, includ-
ing cost of purchase, of surveying, and of selling, was ^ 88,994,013, leav-
ing as net profit to the government $ 53,289,465, or an annual average of
nearly a million of dollars for the lastfifly years. If there should be added to
this, at the rate of $ 1^ per acre, the value of the land granted for bounties,
schools, internal improvements, &c., it would amount to more than double
the above sum. There jjret remain of the surveyed lands 96,940,709 acres,
worth (net, after deducting cost of selling) $ 116,018,641, and of the un-
aurveyed lands 137,635,^9 acres, worth (net) $161,873,263. Total,
$277,891,904. The average cost per acre to the government of acquiring
titW, d^. to the lands is 14.41 cents; of survev, 2.07 cents ; of selling and
managing, 5.32 cents ; in all 21.80 cents ; while it receives $ 1.25 per acre,
or a net profit on each acre sold of $ 1.032.
The following table shows the sales of public lands and the proceeds
thereof from the year 1833 to 1853, inclusive. The sales, however, by no
means show the amount of public lands diroosed of durinc the year ; for
there were during the year ending June 30, 1853, located with military
bounty land warrants and other certificates, 6,151,787 acres, donated for
railroads, 1,427,457 acres, and selected by the States as swamp lands,
16,684,253 acres. Full details of the present condition of the public lands,
and of the varioos grants and donations thereof for purposes of education
and of internal improvement, are given in the American Almanac for 1850,
pp. 180 et seq.
The Secretary of the Interior states ''that the principle of granting al-
ternate sections, and selling those reserved at double the ordinary price,
has been found by experience to be most salutary."
iiuantUy of Public Land sold^ and the Amount paid for it, in each Year^
from 1833 to 1853, inclusive.
Yu»,
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
4.£res.
Yeara.
3,856,227.66
4i6ri^^l8Jl
12,564,478^'
20,1)74,870.92,
5,601,103,121
3,414,907.421
4,{»76,382J7j
2,236,88iK74
1,164 ,7fN>.n
1,1211,217.5^
1,605,264.06
4,972,284
6,091>,f*81,
15,9y9jS04,
25,167,833,
7,007,523.
4,305,564.
6,464,556.
1,463,304.
1,417,97a.
2,016,044.
lt^4
18^15
1846
1847
164d
1649
1850'
lyfilt
185af
1853t
Tolai,
t)D]^fV^
1,754,T(>3.
1,843,5^7.
2,%3,730.
9,521 ,3<I:j,
1,867,553
1,339,^*02
76n,;364
I,y46,B47
l,fi53,07l
1,0^M95
.13,
,05
,81'
591
.04!
77'
.49
m\
21 1
9,207,678.04
2,470,303.17
2,9(J4 ,637.27
3,2«J6,4Cl4.0e
2,*iai, 615.26
1,756,890.42
a9tt,84l.a6
2,390,947.45
1»1*75,65«,.'34
1^4,65324
7tija5,y 17.451 100,^212,193.30
The following table shows the number of land-warrants issued under
the acts of 1847, 1850, and 1852 ; the number located ; and the number now
outstanding.
Acta.
Number
ismied.
Acrea
therein.
Number
located.
Acrea.
Number
Ontstand'g
Acrea.
Act of 1847,
" 1850,
" 1832,
86,697
171,657
8,888
12,897,280
11,992,320
613.040
79,286
116,523
3,286
199,096
19,040.760
8,376,600
189,160
6.311
65,034
5,602
838,620
3,615,720
323,880
Total, . .
266,042
25,384.640
20,606,620
66,947
4,77tf,lfi0
* From Jannary I at to June 30th.
18*
t For year ending June 30th.
210* . UNITED STATES. [1855,
XXVII. BANKS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Tax fbllowmg abstract of the condition of the State Banks throughout
Ihe Union is taken from a letter of the Secretary of the Treasury to the
Speaker of the House of Representatives, dated May 6, 1^4, which is
printed as House Document No. 102. The infbrmation was obtained in
compliance with a resolution of the House adopted as long since as July
10, 1832. The following statement of the method of preparing the tablet
is taken from the ** Letter."
*' In all the tables prepared in the Treasury Department, the following
general rules have been observed : —
^' 1. The net amount of the capital of the banks has been given when-
ever it could be ascertiuned. So, whenever a bank appears to have bought
shares of its own stock, that amount has been deducted from its gross cap-
ital. Bank stock thus bought in stands on the same footing as bank stock
not paid in.
" 2. The capital is placed first, and next to it *■ loans and discounts,
stocks, real estate, and other investments,' to show at one view the whole
investments of ^ach bank supposed to yield income, and the ratio these
investments bear to the capital paid in.
" 3. The next four columns, * sums due by other banks, notes of other
banks on hand, specie funds, and specie,' comprise all the Immediate means
of the banks.
**4. The next three columns, 'circulation, deposits, and sums due to
other banks,* comprise all the immediate liabilities of the banks.
(* Under the head of *■ deposits ' are included * dividends unpaid,* and
all other sums due on demand, as far as could be ascertained.
*' 5. The four columns, * circulation, deposits, sums dlie to cither banks,
and other liabilities,* include all the liabilities of the banks, excepting what
is due to their own stockholders for capital paid in, and profits acquired.
'* 6. From these general tables the items * profit and loss, surplus and
contingent funds,* dec, &o., are excluded ; partly because they are, as Mr.
Gallatin observes, * merely balancing accounts,' and partly because they
cannot be conveniently introduced on a sheet of the size of that on which
the public documents are printed.*'
In the following statements are included, it is believed, all the incorpo-
rated banks that were in operation in the beginning of 1851 and the begin-
ning of 1854, a few scattering ones excepted, and these consisting chiefly
of banks that had but lately commenced business.
In the State of Texas there is one bank doing a small business, from
which no returns have been received.
In the States of California, Florida, Arkansas, and Iowa, and in the Ter-
ritories of New Mexico, Oregon, Washington, Utah, and Minnesota, there
are no incorporated banks.
In the returns from some of the banks of Pennsylvania, and those of
some other States, a considerable amount of specie is believed to be em-
braced under the head of *< specie fund,*' but the exact amount cannot be
-■pertained.
1855.] BAKU. -211
1. CofiwaraiU n Vino of the CandUwn of the Banks in the digermd Stateo m
1850-51, and 1853-54.
State.
Date.
No.
of
B'ks.
No.
of
Bran-
ches.
Oapital
paid in.
Loans yid
Discounts.
Stocks.
Maine,
Oct., 1850
32
$3,248,000
$5,830,230
Jan.. 1854
60
5,913,870
11,166,519
New Hampshire,
Dec, 1850
22
2,376,900
3,821,120
I>«c., 1853
35
3,376.000
6,518,188
Vermont,
Aug., 1850
27
2.197,240
4,423,719
♦,f2'?S
Aug , 1853
33
2.914,040
6,840,932
117,125
Massachusetts,
Sept., 1850
126
36,925,050
63,330,024
Sept., 1853
137
43,270,500
77,172,079
Rhode Island,
Sept., 1850
63
11,645,492
15,492,547
151,277
Sept., 1853
77
15,917,429
22,844,911
121,414
Connecticut,
April, 1850
41
2
9,907,503
15,607,315
April, 1853
53
2
13,164,594
24,601,165
644,962
New York,
Sept., 1850
Feb., 1854
197
1
48,618,762
107,132,389
13,177,944
312
1
79,018,980
203,008,077
21,453,585
New Jersey,
Jan., ia51
26
3,754,900
7,158,977
Jan., 1854
38
5,147,741
10,663,627
974,895
Pennsylvania,
Nov., 1850
53
5
17,926,222
39,430,145
1,428,354
Nov., 1853
61
5
19,768,864
48.656,884
1,141,649
Delaware,
Jan., 1851
6
3
1,293,185
2,264,313
52,986
Jan., 1854
6
3
l,"r\^S5
2,915,602
62,681
Maryland,
Jan., 1851
23
2
8,1,^:^.-31
14,900,816
760,417
#
Jan., 1854
25
9,^.>.-^^l09
18,358,441
825,339
Virginia,
Oct., 1850
6
31
9, : 45
19,646,777
269,914
Jan., 1854
16
39
12, 56
24,913,789
2,259,812
North Carolina,
Nov., 1850
5
13
3,: ,:30
6,056,726
150,000
Dec, 1853
9
16
4,.si,7;65
10,366,247
64,175
South Carolina,
Jan., 1851
12
2
13,'J 13,^131
23,312,330
963,611
Mar., 1854
16
2
I6,v^^,^30
24,365,690
2,775,059
Georgia,
Dec, 1850
11
10
13,482,198
11,421,626
1,574,349
Dec, 1853
11
7
12.957.fi00
13,567,469
2,193,848
Alabama,
Jan., 1851
2
1 30
4,670,458
70,361
Jan., 1854
3
2 m
5,865,142
471,156
Louisiana,
Jan.. 1851
5
20
12;37i],:i90
19,309,108
Jan., 1854
9
10
17,X.li.-J61
29,320,582
842,000
Mississippi,
April. 1851
1
ll>:460
112,275
Jan., 1854
1
240,165
362,585
Tennessee,
Jan., 1851
4
19
6,881,568
10,992,139
432,902
Oct., 1853
9
19
6,599,872
11,846,879
538,042
Kentucky,
Jan., 1851
5
21
7,586,927
12,536,305
694,962
Jan., 1854
9
26
10,869,665
21,398,386
802,124
Missouri,
Jan., 1851
1
5
1,209,131
3,533,463
Jan., 1854
1
5
1,215,405
3,958,055
Illinois,
Jan., 1851
No
ne.
None.
None.
None.
April, 1853
23
1,702,456
586,404
1,780,617
Indiana,
Nov., 1850
1
13
2,082,950
4,395,099
Dec, 1853
31
13
5,554,552
7,247,366
3,257,064
Ohio,
Nov., 1850
57
8,71^,^66
17,059.593
2,200,891
Feb., 1854
68
8,11 Ci^ 154
17,380,255
2,808,332
Michigan,
Jan., 1851
5
1
7G^,0'22
1,319,305
420,521
Jan., 1854
6
1
l,0d4,718
2,199,093
637,725
Wisconsin,
Jan., 1851
No
ne.
None.
None.
None.
Jan., 1854
10
600,000
1,163,066
578,721
SIS' ITKITBB STATES. [18S5.
CniiMfVim VUw of UU Condition nf <^ Bank* ts file iifhroot SUOto tH
1850-51, and 1853-54.
Real
Other In-
Doe by other
Noteeof
Specie
Statof
Esuiu.
yesunento.
Baiks.
otber B'ks.
Maine,
$111,905
$778,965
$187,435
116,842
1,581,596
365,490
New Hampshirey
43,670
54,153
'447,453
587,859
91,444
157,667
Vermont, .
94,497
1,001,789
127,637
$2,376
104,768
$16,a^
1,301,033
185 999
Masaacbosetts,
988,235
1,090,463
5,335,003
6,666,412
4,048,621
5,346,161
Rhode Island,
283,844
13,461
441,164
537,761
264,812
28,145
1,004,863
844,329
V
Connecticut,
389,983
396,035
1,657,411
245,349
103,614
384,800
713,414
1,890,685
436,538
202,204
New York,
3,321,589
736,120
10,403,509
3,031,957
10,498,824
5,272,690
151,528
11,529,939
3,468,890
18,175,670
New JersejT,
270,546
183,468
1,578,663
267,804
224,448
432,378
42,685
32,849
1,134,413
1,230,064
4,266,916
2,591,962
?'^'?1*
1,007,843
652,756
5,375,738
3,804,410
3,879,120
Delaware,
117,981
2,000
306,545
74,600
.Si'^
124,262
362,286
81,511
177,293
Maryland,
405,245
768
1,173,200
965,796
78,552
321,007
28,256
1,681,036
158)i27
1,595,092
Virginia, .
764,282
240,498
1,925,652
552,153
756,551
26,259
2,710,180
1,271,453
199,848
North Carolina,
127,806
18,785
1,074,794
483,947
137,154
1,842,569
643,821
73,324
South Carolina,
338,429
266,205
5,020,998
810,895
306,909
419,370
1,369,682
1,611,709
645,639
Georgia, .
7,195,063
2,377,715
3,117,466
535,593
141,300
8,176,932
712,950
1,735,422
603,957
247,852
Alabama, .
125,697
81,000
960,334
63,865
65,321
31,500
362,084
111,296
Louisiana, .
2,255169
l,954;i64
2,042,149
2,163,055
2,225,896
2,416,526
1,200,000
Mississippi,
8,400
302,641
9,970
4,742
84,049
13,309
Tennessee,
662,520
1,559,418
729,186
516,980
67,322
1,443,721
451,396
126,890
Kentucky,
419,070
440,127
2,451,155
550,879
416,192
307,368
3,284,405
1,115,780
543,978
Missouri, .
123,928
273,317
66,028
37,510
116,151
121,372
152,781
282,590
Illinois, .
None
13,202
None.
None.
880,541
None.
233,576
None.
Indiana, .
364,283
108,485
845,062
224,842
289,673
127,238
1,985,114
715,305
128,860
Ohio,
451,593
460,692
3,373,272
1,195,655
93,460
332,^09
3,534,970
1,438,342
171,855
Michigan, .
221,626
65,083
404,691
109,096
196
144,998
95,170
742,843
108,941
4,282
Wisconsin,
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
•
8,461
325,946
151,154
20,136
1B55.] BAKK8. .210
ComparaHw Vwm of the CondUion cf the Banks in ike diferent SUUm m
1850-51, and 1853-54.
Nevr Hampshire,
Venuotitj «
Ma^achusetta,
Rhode Island,
CoDnecticut, ,
New Yorkj .
New Jeriey, .
Pennsylvania,
Delaware,
Maryland,
Vlrginiai *
North CoroHoa,
South Carolina,
Georgia,
Alabama^
Loutfiiftna,
MissisBjppi,
Tennessee,
Kentncky,
MlflSOUTJ,
Illinois, .
IndJiioa,
Ohio, .
Michigan,
Wuc^n^in,
3,56:^T82;21 ,172,369 15 (167,204
297,661 2,55:i,aei 1 488,5%
35J),699| 4,896,529 ^.238,856
640,622 5,253,884 2 31)5,311
1,145,85710,224,441 a 542,0351
10,045,330 26,4 I5,r>56 50 774,ia3,2l,873,928!2,984,727^
14,1&>,905 32,573,180 75^554,481 20,227,967 5,848,6!37
622,855 3,046,658, 24n,ti6r 373,453
aa5,533; 4,917,412 4,i:{3,454, 486,561
SpeolQ,
Ciiculaibn.
$ 475,589 J2,654,20B
1,132,610 5,317,750
$1,223,671
2,446,470
666,(i34
866,357
546,703
188,173 4,764,439] 734,216
1S^>,31)9
180,239
197,325
1,8**7,111
3,021,579
2,856,027
DsposiLs.
Due to olhef' OiliEr
Banks, Liabiiitlea,
$48,006
136,879
$38,285
99,202
2,903, 1 78; 1 7,005,826 1 1 ,176,827
32,984
22,136
6,54!),(*29
8,608,238
650,560'
1,062,615
468,768
716,770
442,084
474,051
133,773
362,729
38,061
829,581
4,327,394 11 ,708,006 , 1 8 4d4,770. 5,^57,740
~~ ,656 17,420,348 22747,091 4,640,970
4,331.
159,773| 833,960
l33,MJ7j 1,286,033
2,700,600 3,523,869
3,405,000 4, 91 8,3d 1
2,028,17410,2.56,007
3,721,04214,298,702
1,645,0281 4,249,883
1,857,048 7,320,667
2^21 8,223 1 1,77] ,270
1,621,073
2,112,446
1,576,813
1,9*^,820
1,125,954
5,716,001
7,468,460
5,660
1,456,778
1,983,700
2,794,:15I
4,596,240
J, 198,263
037,835
None.
410,531
0,715,783
0,898,827
9,518,777
3,568,235
3,171,487
5,050,229
6,969,807
161,300
234,745
6,814,376
6,821,836
7,643,075
13,573,510
2,522,500
2,467,580
1,351,788
1,107,880! 3,422,445
l,8i^l,760; 7,116,827
2,750,53711,059,700
2,310,064
125,722
357,672
None. I
182,482
9,839,008
807,:]64
1,270,989
None.
485,121
502,755
860,047
5^838,766
170,873
107,075
1,923,206
156,878
36,647
9,805
71,645
8 621 ,052, 2,348,791
4 717,732 308,841
6 513,027 635,127 5,405
042,098 6(1,682 4,825
1,808,587 186,993 51,013
3 665,686 3,035,803 23,260
3 752,26<J 1,878,291 150,193
a,58<l,826 483,422 1,452,121
2,5^,227, 722,035 1,080,935
1,474,!:K>3 106,011 660,732
1,671,448 663,164
8,46^1,3801 1,384,232
11,743,152! 2,022,6362,348,859
4,500 142,3001
33 303
1,917^757 61,638 10,000
2,20i),022 108,470 447,425
2.323,657, 1,256,580 100,807
3,102,159 2,800,031
1,098,981 76,280
1,313,744| 226,045
None- None,
315,441 14,116
112,175
445,350 100,"
,305,830 343^56
None
522,4761
630 ,32;"^
1,764,747
5,310,555
7,693,610
416,147
1,078,606
None,
654,423
1,866,172 m^jm
42,589, I38,r
82,406
None.
438,48
None.
7I0^%4
For the touUs sea Tables 2 and 3.
214
tJNITIX> STATES.
£1655.
9. Cm^aroHve Vuw of the Conditiam of the Bank$ tn difermt Seeiians of
tke Union in 1850-51, and 1853 - 54.
Saeiioos.
Banks and
Braochea.
18SO-5I. 1863-^.
Capital paid in.
1860-51.
1863-64.
i
84,666,433
114,834,179
46,646,211
38,384,363
16,954.880
Loans and Discounta.
1860-61. 1853-04.
1. E. States,
2. M. States,
3. S. Suites,
4. & W. States,
6. ^^
313
316
90
83
77
"STT
397
461
116
92
162
66.299,186
79,716,960
40,309,024
29,917.056
11,666,338
108,604,966
170,886,640
60,437,469
61,163,748
22,773.997
149.143.789
283,602,631
73,213,195
72,761,629
28,575,184
1,208
227,807,553
301,376,071
413,766,7»U
607,287,428
Sect
Stocks.
1860-61. 1863-64.
"«
883,601
24,468,149
7,292,894
2,653,322
9.062.464
Real Estate. OthBrlnrestments.
1860-61. 1863^.
2,015^,838
6.993,6062,162,4
9,490,007 2,903,203^2,108,7
3,078,7782
789,243
22,367,47211
Bve by other Banks.
1860-51. 1853^54.
•
191,777
16,419,701
2,957,874
1,193,225
2.62 14 12
22.388.989
1,912,134
6,219,774
8,426,680
3.694,784
1,037,452
44,360,330
20,219,724
9,661
17,728,833
11,138.910
7,666,472
4,623,025
50,718,016
,775 13,032,448
19,370,777
7,899.880
7,743,506
7,469,414
55,516,086
Sections.
1.
S.
3.
4.
5.
Notes of other Banks.
1860-61. 1853-64.
6,233,147
6,664,316
: 1,381.440
: 1,529.693
' 17,196,683
•
7,336,184
7,636,523
3,164,870
1,974,371
2.647.318
2^,1
Specie Fund.
1850-61. 1853-54,
105,990
13,493,342
448,209
1,200.000
93.668
I6,d4i,196
202,204
23,860,024
521,024
670,868
325,133
25,679 253
Specie.
1850-61. 1863-54.
4,663,774
17.865,051
8,903,871
13,164,213
4,074.139
18,671 ,C
6,670,360
22,845,551
6,776,876
16,117,^7
6,099.509
59,410,253
Circulation.
1860-51.
32.220,921
45,619,039
38,176.977
25,768,806
16.379,509
156.166.261
1863-54.
$
49,306,107
61,116.263
40.854.139
33,258,966
20,063,733
204.689,207
Deposits.
1860-61.
$
17,397,742
78,012.354
11,906.342
16,284,247
6,357.027
128,957,712
1863-54.
Due to other Banks. Other Liabilities.
1850-61.
,217 10,
24 898 036
1 16,91 7';926 30;i99;200l27;
14,697,101
20,064,818
11,710.868
[88,188,744
7,760,!
1,199,
3,118.040
1.460.603
46,416,92b
1853-64.
,546,638
,811,364
3,422,446
5,832,246
2,709.468
50,322,162
1860^1.
1853-54.
1.765,563
5,966,919
t;306,636
2,897,091
1,514.067
13,439.274
1. Eastern States. ~ Maine, New Haropsbire, Vermont^ Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
Connecticut.
2. Middle States.— New York, New Jenaey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland.
3. Southern States. ^Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgii^
4. Southwestern States.— Alabanoa, Louisiana, Mississip^ Tennessee, Kentucky, Mis-
souri.
6. Western States. — nUnois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin.
1859.]
AMERICAN 8JSCUBXTIJBS HJBZ.D ABBOAD.
S15
3. Campar^ve VUwoftk^ OondiHanofth^BamksintkB IhuUd Staies.aeeord.
ing to Returns nearest to January 1, in 1837, 1843, 1848, 1851, and 1854.
'
1837.
1843.
1848.
1861.
1864.
Number of banks,
634
. 677
622
731
1,060
Number of bmachM, .
Number of banfci and branches,
164
114
129
148
'l49
788
691
761
879
1,206
%
f
S
$
t '
Capital paid in, .
290,772,091
228,861,948
204,838,176
227,807,663
301,376,071
ReeoQieee: —
Loane and diacounts, .
625,115,702
254,644.937
28,380^050
^^'^Ih^
413,766,799
607,287,«»
Siocka
12,407,112
26498,054
22,388,9S9
44,350 330
19,064,461
22,826,807
20,530,956
20,219724
22,367,472
Other inTeotmente, .
10.429,630
13.343,699
8,229,682
8,935,972
6,841429
65,616,086
Due by other banks, .
69,663,910
20,666,264
38,904,625
50,718,015
Notes of other banks,
36,633,627
13,306,617
16,427,716
17,196,083
22,669,%
6,366,600
6,678,375
10,489,822
15,341196
26^79^
UatHlitSs: —
37,916,340
33,616,806
46»36e;766
48,671,048
69,410;^
Circulation,
149,185,890
58,563,608
128,606,091
166,165,261
204,689,207
Deposits, ....
127.397,186
56,168,628
103,226,177
128,957,712
188,188,744
Due to other banks, »
62,421,118
21.456,523
^,414,371
^S'*i&^
60,322,162
Other liabilities, . .
36,660,289
7;367,033
6,601,401
6,438,327
13,439)276
Aggregau of current credits,!.*.,
of circulation and deposits.
278,583,076
114,732,236
231,732,268
284,122,963
392,877,951
Ageregate of immediate liabili-
ties, i. c, of circulation, depos-
its, and dues to other banks,
339,004,193
136,188,764
271,146,639
330,539,691
443,200,113
Aggregate of immediate means.
.
1. c, of specie, specific funds,
notes of other banlu, and sums
due from other banks,
139,479,277
74,067,062
112,191,828
131,926,342
163,164,667
Gold and silver in United Sutes
treasury depositories,
Total specie in banks and treas-
ury depositories.
8,101,363
11,164,727
25,136,252
64,471,118
69,836,776
84,646,606
NoTB. — In January, 1837, the inflation of paper credits consequent on the deposit bank
system and other causes had nearly reached its height. The revulsion that fblioised was
most severely felt in the latter part of 1842 and the beginning of 1843. In 1848 the first de-
posits of California gold were made at the United States Mint. The sUtement for 1861 in
this and the preceding uUes is not Uken from that printed in Executive Document No. 132.
32d Congress, 1st session, but from a report that was prepared with more care, and presented
to the House of Bepcesentatives in February, 1861, but not ordered to be printed.
XXVIII. AMERICAN SECURITIES HELD ABROAD.
On the 4th of April, 1853, the Senate adopted a resolution re(|ueiting the
Secretary of the Treasury to procure for the Senate the ibllowing informa-
tion, Tiz. : ^* The aggregate amount of federal, state, city, county, railroad,
and other corporation bonds and stocks, or other evidences of debt, held in
Europe or other foreign countries on the 30th of June, 1853, specifying sep-
arately, so &r as the same can be ascertained, the amount of each of the
above descriptions of bonds and stocks." On the 2d of March, 1854, the
Secretary orthe Treasury communicated the results of his inquiries to the
Senate (Senate Doc. 42), from which we gather the following information.
In some cases the amounts are estimates merely, but cenerally they are
from official sources. The column containing Citv, &c. Bonds, is supposed
to include all of any amount, except those of Albany, N. Y. and Norfolk,
Va. It is thought that in the column of Bank Capital is included all that
Ivas held by foreign stockholders at that date. Most of the canals are tha
property of the several States. The first table shows the aggregate fo^
iDdebtednaai ; tha aecoiid gives it more in detail.
216 trNITBB STATES. [1855«
1. Aggrtgmie ofAmtriean Seemities kM abroad am the 30tft qfJtme, 1653.
Tolal.
Held by
Foreigaers.
United States stocks, ....
State stocks,
113 Cities and Towns, (bonds,)
347 Counties, (bonds,) ....
985 Banks, (stocks,)
75 Insurance Companies, (stocks,)
244 Railroad Companies, (stocks,) * .
" (bonds,) • .
16 Canal and Navigation Companies, (stocks,)
15 Miscellaneous Companies, (stocks,) t .
(bonds,)!
Total,
$58,205,517
190,718,221
79,352,149
13,928,369
266,724,955
12,829,730
309,893,967
170,111,552
a'>,888,918
22,130,569
16.425,612
2,358,323
$27,000,000
72,931,507
16,462,322
5,000,000
6,688,996
378,172
8,244,025
43,888,752
554,900
1,967,547
802,720
265,773
$1,178,567,882
$184,184,714
2. Amount of the Securities of the eeveral States, ^. held in England and
other Foreign Oomntriee^'June 30, 1853.
Sute.
Stata Bonds.
Ciiy, TowD,
and
Coiipty Bonds.
Bank
Capital.
Capital in
Insurance
Railroad Stock
and Bonds.
Maine,
None.
$48,500
$510,000
New Hampshire,
None.
100
196,700
Vermont,
None.
16,145
«
Massachusetts,
$4,000,000
$4,000,000
438,150
$3,000
5,105,496
Rhode Island,
None.
7,000
Connecticut,
None.
23,500
140,000
New York,
6,758,700
4,109,372
1,774,995
192,352
2'?!?'22S
New Jersey,
None.
350,000
2,750
3,541,750
Pennsjivania,
26,584,671
1,201,500
167,420
101,020
12,076,526
Delaware,
None.
Maryland,
8,537,917
323,426
^'5S'222
Virginia,
3,075,909
125,000
26,000
626,032
North Carolina,
Not known.
835,779
South Carolina,
937,777
165,925
1,914,444
Georgia,
72,000
35,018
55,550
69,100
Florida,
None.
Alabama,
4,397,666
442,866
604,100
81,800
500,000
Louisiana,
8,000,000
4,000,000
2,548,400
74,000
Arkansas,
Not known.
Mississippi,
Not known.
P55^.
Tennessee,
Not known.
15,000
341,500
48,000
Kentucky,
Not known.
1,036,000
!^?SS
200,000
Missouri,
40,000
40,300
Illinois,
Not known.
75,000
2,016,500
Indiana,
2,570,960
50,000
1,708,466
Ohio,
7,750,000
5,707,000
3,637,884
Michigan,
Not known.
1,314,000
Wisconsin,
None.
600!000
Iowa,
None.
Texas,
195,907
California,
Dist of Columbia,
Total,
Not known.
25,015
$43,169,777)
$72,931,507
$21,462,322
$6,688,996
$378,172
* This includes an estimate for twenty-tm> companies from wtwm no returns were received.
t Tiiase miscellaneous companies, if they are meant to include " all other " corporations,
are entirely incomplete. In Massachusetts there had been incorporated up to June, 18^
1, 115 companies, with a capiul of 1296,397,996, ezcloslre of bsakiof, laraiaacs, sod laii*
tmd charters.
1855.] FINENESS AND VALUE OF CERTAIN FOREIGN COINS. 217
XXVI. FINENESS AND VALUE OF CERTAIN FOREIGN COINS.
Br the acts of Congress of January 25, 1834, and of March 3, 1843, the
director of the mint was required to ascertain and report to the Secretaiy
of the Treasury upon the fineness and ralue of certain foreign coins. Un-
der the requisitions of the provisions of those acts, he made a report to the
Secretary under date of January 28, 1854, which report on the 1st of March
was sent to the House of Representatiyes, and is published as House Doc-
ument No. 68. The report is giren below : —
** I submit the following report of the fineness and value of certain forv
eign gold and silver coins, as required by the acts of Congress of January
25, 1834, and March 3, 1843 ; said coins being therein made a legal tender
upon certain conditions, which are contingent upon this report.
**Gold Coins, — The law provides that ' gold coins of Great Britain, not
less than 915^ thousandths fine, shall be received at 94.6 cents per penny-
weight.' In a long series of years, and operating at times upon large quan-
tities of such coin, we have not been able to find a higher average result
than 915}, and it was upon this basb that the enactment was framed. But
under the present management of the British mint, and of its assay depart-
ment, beginning fairly with the year 1852, there is an upward tendency
more strictly conforming with the legal standard of 916}. The assay of a
few pieces of 1852 and 1853 (the course of trade preventing the receipt of
large quantities here) gives an average of 916},- and the consequent rate
would be 94.7 cents per pennyweight. But it will evidently require a large
emission at this rate to make a perceptible improvement in any promiscuous
parcel ; and some years must elapse befbre the rate fixed by Congress can
be elevated.
** The gold coins of France are made current at 92.9 cents per penny-
weight, provided their fineness be not less than 899 thousandths. Their
legal standard is 900 ; but the actual fineness, down to 1852 inclusive, can-
not be rated higher than 899.
** Gold coins of Spain, Mexico, and Colombia, ' of the fineness of 20
carats, 3^ carat grains,* equal to 869.14 thousandths, are receivable at 89.9
cents per pennyweight. While occasionally parcels have been found to
be of this fineness, or slightly above it, they are frequently not higher than
866, and would, therefore, appear to be thrown out by the terms of the law.
Moreover) the gold coins of New Granada, which is a part of Colombia,
have been minted since 1849 at the new legal rate of 900 thousandths, and,
upon repeated trials, are found to average 894. But it is very rare to find
any longer in circulation a gold coin of Spain, Mexico, or Colombia.
^ The gold coins of Portugal and Brazil, made current upon condition of
being not less than 22 carats (916} thousandths) fine, are really not higher
than 914 thousandths ; they are now only known amongst us as curiosities,
and it is belieyed are scarce even in their own country.
'^Silver Cains, — The Spanish pillar dollars, and the dollars of Mexico,
Peru, and Bolivia, pf not less than 897 thousandths fine, and 415 grains in
weight, and the dollars of Chili and Central America, and those restamped
19
»18
UZaTED STATES.
[1855.
in Brazil, of not less fineness than * ten oances fifteen pennyweights in the
pound,' (895.8 thousandths,) and 415 grains in weight, are receivable at one
hundred cents each. The present average fineness and ralue of these
coins, as appearing in our circulation, may be stated as in the ensuing table,
with some doubt as to the item of Central America, whose coinage is very
irregular.
DenomlnatioQ.
Weight.
FineoeM.
Value in cants.
OfbIub.
Thouaandths.
Per piece.
Per ounce.
Spanish pillar dollars,
Brazilian restamped doirs.
Dollar of Mexico, mixed,
Dollar of Peru, mixed,
Dollar of Bolivia,
Dollar of Chili,
Dollar of Central America,
412
412
4161
415
416^
4161
416
898
898
905
901
901
870
99.7
99.7
100.8
101.1
101.1
101.1
97.5
116.1
116.1
116.2
117.0
116.5
116.5
112.5
*^ The five-franc pieces of France, if not less than 900 thousandths fine,
and 384 grains in weight, are made current at 93 cents. They continue to
maintain this average to the year 1852, which is the latest date assayed
here.
** It is to be noted that the foregoing Taluations of silrer coin are based
upon the legal rate of the United States, as fixed by the act of 1837. Un-
der the act of March, 1853, the mint has been and is now paying a premium
upon these rates to procure silver for coinage ; consequently, the laws mak-
ing them current may be considered nugatory and obsolete. The same re-
mark, for other but obvious reasons, may be applied to all the gold coins
mentioned in this report, except those of Great Britain and France.
<* I embrace this opportunity to suggest that there is no longer any pro-
priety or necessity for legalizing the circulation of the coins of other coun-
tries. In no other nation, except in the case of some colonies, is this mix-
ture of currencies admitted by law, either on the score of courtesy or con-
yenience. When these laws as to foreign coins were passed our coinage
was inconsiderable, but during the last few years the pieces struck, in num-
ber and value, it is believed, are scarcely inferior to that of any other coun-
try. The last year more than seventy-six millions of pieces were struck,
of the value of upwards of sixty-four millions of dollars. If this sugges-
tion is approved, and the laws which legalize foreign coins be repealed, it
would be proper, by a standing regulation of the Treasury Department, or
by legislative enactment, to require an annual assay report upon the weight
and fineness of such foreign coins as frequently reach our shores, with a
view to settle and determine their marketable value. Such a report would
be a judicious substitute for the one now presented."
INDIVIDUAL STATES.
I. MAINE.
Oovermnentfor the Year ending^ the 1st Wednesday in January^ 1855.
Sftlaty.
William G. Crosbt, of Belfast, Governor (term expires on
the first Wednesday in January, 1855), ( 1,500
Alden Jackson,
Samuel Cony,
Albert Tracy,
George C. Getchell,
William Bennett,
Henry M. Harlow,
William R. Lincoln,
James Hovey,
Thomas Jewett,
Charles A. Lord,
Luther S. Moore,
William Trafton,
Noah Smith, Jr.
John J. Perry,
of Augusta, Secretary of Stofe, 900
of Augusta, Treasurer J 900
of Bangor, Adjutant- General^ 200
of North Anson, Land Agent^ 1,000
of Ellsworth, Warden of State Prison^ 700
of Augusta, Sup't of Insane Hospital j 800
of C.Elizabeth, Sup't of State Reform School.
ofWaldoboro', > „ , ^
ofSo. Berwick, 5 ^"»* Commtssumers.
of Portland, Sup*t of Common Schools^ $ 1,200
[and travelling expenses,
of Limerick, President of the Senate^ $ 4 per day.
of Alfred, Secretary of the Senate,
of Calais, Speaker of the House^ 4 m cc
of Oxford, Clerk of the House.
Councillors. — William Buxton, of North Yarmouth ; Thaddeus Weeks,
of Jefferson ; Samuel P. Shaw, of Waterville; Horatio H. Johnson, of Bel-
fast; Theodore C. Woodman, of Bucksport; Charles A. Ererett, of Milo;
and Gideon Tucker, of Saco.
JUBICIART.
Supreme Judicial Court.
of Portland, Chief Justice^
of Norridgewock, Justice^
of Portland, «*
Ether Shepley,
John S. Tenney,
Joseph Howard,
John AppIetoD, of Bangor,
Richard D. Rice, of Augusta,
Joshua W. Hathaway, of Bangor,
Jonas Cutting, of Bangor,
George Erans, of Gardiner,
Solyman Heath, of Waterville,
The State is divided into three Judicial Districts, denominated the
Western^ Middle^ and Eastern Districts; and for the purpose of hearing and
determining questions of law and equity, the terms are held for these dis-
Attomey- General^
Reporter of Decisions^
1 1,800
1,800
1,800
1,800
1,800
1,800
1,800
1,000
1,000
220 MAnnc. [1855.
tricts, instead of being held, as heretofore, in the several counties. These
terms are held annually in Portland for the Western, in Augusta for the
Middle, and in Bangor for the Eastern District. The other cases are tried,
as heretofore, in the several counties where they are commenced.
Municipal and PoUee Courts,
George S. Mulliken, of Augusta; John L. Hodsdon, of Bangor; Jacob
Smith, of Bath ; Joseph Williamson, Jr., of Belfast ; Henry Orr, of Bruns-
wick; George W. Dyer, of Calais; William Palmer, of Gardiner; Samuel
K. Gilman,of Hallowell; John H. Williams, of Portland; and John C.
Cochran, of Rockland, are Judges at those places respectively. Some are
paid by salaries, others by fees.
Probate Courts.
Gounties.
Androscoggin
Aroostook,
Cumbeiiand,
Franklin,
Hancock,
Kennebec,
Lincoln,
Oxford,
Penobscot.
Piscataquis,
Sagadahoc,
Somerset,
Waldo,
Washington, John
York, • -
Judges.
Nahnm Morrill,
Joel Wellington,
Joaiah Peirce,
Samuel Belcher,
Parker Tuck,
Daniel WlUiama,
Arnold Blaney,
Timothv Ludden,
Daniel Sanborn,
Ephraim Packard,
Dartd Branson,
David White,
Nath. H. Hubbard,
John a Talbot,
Joseph T. Nye,
Residences.
Sal-
ary.
Registers. Residences.
Sal-
• 300
165
960
150
400
700
650
400
> 560
125
300
300
300
400
Auburn
MonticeUo,
Oorham,
Farmington,
Buksport,
Augusta,
Bristol,
Norway,
Bangor,
Blanchard,
Bath,
Skowhegan,
Frankfort,
B. Machias,
Steo,
•aoo
160
700
150
375
450
500
225
360
135
200
250
200
400
400
Stetson L. HiU,
Z. P. Went worth,
Aaron B. Holden,
Benj. Sampson,
A. F. Drinkwater,
Joseph Burton,
Era8tusFoote,Jr.
Wm. W. Virgin,
Henry P. Haynes,
Asa Uetchel,
A. T. Thompson,
Benj. Adams,
Bohan P. Field,
Wm. B. Smith,
Francis Bacon,
Webster,
Houlton,
Caaco,
Farmington,
EUawoith,
Augusta,
Wiscasset,
Norway,
Bangor,
Kilmanock,
Bath,
N. Portland,
Belfiist,
Machlaa,
Buxton,
Clerks of the Judicial Courts.
Counties.
Shire towns.
Clerks.
Counties.
Shire towns.
Clerks.
Aroostook,
Cumberland,
Franklin,
Hancock,
Kennebec,
Lincohi,
Oxford,
Iflfllll
Cyrus Knapp.
B. L. StaptM.
Robsrt A. BiM.
Isaac Tyler.
Parker W. Perry.
Wm. M. Stratton.
E. B. Bowman.
Blisha Winter.
Penobscot,
Piscataquis,
Sagadahoc,
Somerset,
Waldo,
Washington,
York,
Bangor,
Dover,
Bath,
Norridgew'k,
Belfast,
Machias,
Alfred,
N.Weston. Jr.
E. Flint.
George Barron.
L. Kidder.
N. Patterson.
Albert O.Lane.
J. O. Mclnlire.
Finances.
Amount of receipts for the year ending December 31, 1853, ... 8 361,417.57
Balance on hand, January 1, 1853, 165,448.23
526,865.80
Amount of expenditures from January 1, 1863, to December 31, 1853, . 434,361.09
Balance January 1, 1854, 92,504.71
To be further reduced by existing appropriations, . . . . . 62,377.59
Leaving a balance for further wants in the Treasury of, . . • 30,127.12
Beyond the ordinary demands upon the Treasury, there hare been paid during the year for
the completion of the Insane Hospital and the Reform School, and for the cash payment to
Massachttsetu for her lands, as follows, viz.: — Insane Hospital, (24,000; Reform School,
1 18,000 ; Massachusetts lands, 1 1 12,500.00 ; total, 1 154,500. For the lands there were given
in addition to the cash, 10 bonds of $25,000 each,' with coupons attached, bearing 5 per cent.
Interest, and payable 1 each year from 1863 to 1872 inclusive. ' *
1855.]
MAINS.
221
Principal Iteau of Expenditure,
. i44,e28.00|Schoolfttnd,No. 19, . . • 14,645^7
. 4,786.00 " No. 20, . . . 29,429.67
Paf of the Leglslatare,
Pay-roll of the Council, .
Oontiogent fuad of EzecotiTO, . 4,393.80 Indian annuities,
" ofTreaanrar, . 1,000.00 Penobscot Indiana fund,
" of Secretary of State, 200.00 Agricultural produeta to Indiana,
SUariea,
Qerka in public <riBcea,
Rolls of accounta, .
Printing, binding, and stationery,
Costs in criminal prosecutions, ,
State Prison, ..
Trustees of Insane Hospital,
Insane state paupers.
Deaf, dumb, and Mind,
School fund, Nos. 16- 18,
State taxes,
County taxes, .
I^and Office,
Permanent school fund.
Duties on commissions.
221.44
6,003.07
767.65
. 27,839.06 MiUtia pensions, .... 2,377.00
6,680.60 Maine Reports, .... 1,600.00
12,822.46 Agricultural Societies, . . 2,106J)4
5,300.00 Furniture and repairs, SUU House, 2,950.00
26,333.97 Public debt paid, .... 10,000.00
. 7,121.00 Interest paid, 42,474.21
707.00Cash 92,604.71
. 6,357.61 County Taxes, .... 6,632.63
. 4,032.60 Fuel and lighta, .... 1,200.00
. 418.92 To certain loads, .... 3,600.00
Chief Sourcee of Income.
. 9191,139.19 Bank dividends, .... 1 800.00
. 5,663.21 Banic tax, 21,708.36
. 106,017.74 N. E. Boundary reimbursements, 1,861.37
872.72 Interest on loan, .... 1,802.04
2,020.00 Miscellaneous items.
2,969.98
Public Debt.-^TYM public funded debt of the State January 1, 1854, was 9711,600.
There are besides funds to the amount of (257,373.93, held in trust by the State, and for
which the State must provide the payment of interest. There are other liabilities for un-
paid warranu, &c., to the amount of 963,562.59; total, 91,032,436.52. Resources of the
Slate at the same date other than lands, % 692,939,90.
Common Schoole. — The method of supervision of the schools i« again changed. Instead
of a Commissioner in each county in the State, there is now appointed by the Governor a
Superintendent of common schools for the State, to hold office for three years. His duty is
" to devote his time to the improvement of common schools and the promotion of the gen-
eral intereste of education in the Stete." He is to hold annually in eaph cojtinty a teachers'
convention, for one week at least, of which he has the charge, and he iai U\ employ suiteUe
instructors and teachers to assist him therein. To defray the expenses of these conventions
9 2,000 are to be appropriated annually.
School Fund. -rTbe permanent school iiind is 9 116,946.96. The amount apportioned for
the year 1853 was, 944,027.89; being bank tex, 937,063.44, and interest of school fund,
96,964.45. The number of scholars was 233,736. The amount apportioned since 1833 is
9660,317.66. The bank tax for the support of schools is one half of one per cent, on their
capiuL The apportionment is made ratably among towns making returns. Towns are
obliged by law to raise annually an amount of school money equal to 40 cento for each in-
habitent.
Banks.
Reeourcee. Dec. 31, '53. June 3, '54.
Specie, 9 1,132,610 $ 1,163,522
Realestete, 116,842 123,011
Bills of banks In the Stete, 240,757 388,090
Foreign bills, 124.733 166,689
Bal. due from other banks, 1 ,681 ,666 1 ,681 ,637
Due Banks excepting bal. 11,166,619 12,114,698
In June, 1854, the banks had 9 806,690 of bills In circulation under five dollars. At the
last session of the Legislature twelve new banks were incorporated, and the capital stock of
twenty-one old banks waa Incraaaed.
19*
LiabUUiee. Dec. 31^1853. June 3, 1854.
Capital stock, 95,913,870
96,393,370
Circulation, 6,317,750
4,623.906
Deposiu, 2,446,470
3,816,105
Do. bearing interest, 99,202
164,625
Due other banks, 136,880
161,692
Netprofite, 448,886
477,960
tf% HEW BAMPBHIBS. [1855.
JfMCMM Bo&pUal, Augmta. Henrj BL Haitow, SaperiDtaiidnt, Theodon C. Allan, Trmm- .
nnr and SlewanL Nor. aOlh, 1863, then wvre in the Hospital 84 petients, 60 males and 34
femsles; nceired during the year, 124, 66 males and 59 females, in aU 208. 89 (54 males
and 35 females) havs been discharged ; of whom 45 (28 males and 17 ftmales) were recoT-
ared; U (8 males and 6 females) wora Improved; 15 {T males and 8 females) were unim-
'pCDfed; and 11 males and 4 females died; nmaining, 119, 61 males and 58 females. Of
those admitted 31 men and 36 ironien are married; 33 men and 15 women are unmarried;
lis a widower, and 8 are widows. 86 are nnder 30; 63 between 30 and 60; S3 between 60
and 70, and 4 oTer 70.
Since opening the Hospital in 1840 thsrs hare tesn 10S3 patienls. 404 of these have re-
covered ; 190 impiOTed ; 234 wars nnlmproTsd. Of ths 1033, 194 relapsed, and were admit-
ted a sscood tims; of theee 79 recorersd, 43 improved, 33 did not improTe, 18 died, and 21
now fsmain. 60 have been admitted the third time ; of these 26 recovend, 2 implored, 7
did not Impiore, 2 died, and 13 remain. 17 hare been admitted the fourth time ; of theee
10 racorered, 1 Improred, 3 did not impioTe, 2 died, and I remains. 11 hare. bean admitted
tiM flilh time ; of these 8 recorersd, 2 Improred, and 1 remains. 6 hare been admitted the
sixth time ; of these 4 recorered and I improred. 5 hare been admitted the serenth time ;
of these 2 recorered, 2 Improred, and 1 remains. 2 hare been admitted the eighth time ; of
these 1 recorered and 1 died. 1 has been admitted the ninth time, and was discharged nn«
Ifflpfored.
Receipts from all sources during the year, % 9,94a25 ; expenditures, 9 9,612.86 ; balance of
leceipu, 9335.39.
SiaU Prison, Thomaaion, Number of conricts, December 1, 1862, 77; receired up to
December 1st, 1853, 21 ; discharged during the earoe period, by expiration of sentence, 19,
and by pardon 6, in all 26, learing 60 in prieon. 45 are committed for larceny, 5 for man-
slaughtar, I for forgery, and 2 for arson. are employed in the Ilme-quarry, 9 in the smith-
shop, 28 are shoemakers, 14 are wheelwrights. There is little demand for the labor of tbe
prieoners. The labor of tiM slioemaken is let at 30 cents per day. The coet of ' ' keeping "
each conrict is about 11 cents per day. The cost of clothing is $5 per year for each conrict.
ReceipU for the year, $9,020.13; expenditures, $15,718.00; balance against the Prison,
$6,697.96. Since July 2, 1824, 1,079 prisonen hare been receired. Of these there hare
been discharged, by expiration of sentence, 790 ; pardon, 179 ; death, 28 ; escape, 8 ; remoral
to Insane Hospital, 4 ; writ of error, 1.
Stole Reform Sehooi,^T^!a ecfaool Is at (3ape Blixabeth, and is under the superinlen*
deoce of William R. Lincoln. The fint boy was receired Norember 14, 1853 ; from that dsy
to April 4, 1854, 25 inmates were receired and 1 was discharged. 6 were from Kennebec
(Tounty ; 11 from Chimberiand ; 4 from Penobscot ; 2 from Oxford ; and 1 each from Hancock
and York. 91 were committed for larceny ; 3 for breaking and enuring with felonious intent,
and 1 as a common runaway. 23 were Americans, and 2 foreigners ; aremge age 13^ yean.
Each boy Is employed six hours of each day at eome mechanical, agricultural, or domestic
labor. The ferm connected with the school contains 160 acres.
II. NEW HAMPSHIRE.
(hwmmtmt for the Year ending on the Ist Wednesday ofJune^ 1855.
Salary.
NatbahulB.Bakbii, of Concord, Governor^
John L. Hadley,
Jesse A. Gove,
Walter Harriman,
John Sullivan^
John Wadleigh,
J. Ererett Sargent, ofWentworth, Pret. rf dU SmaU, $2^ per day.
of Concord,
ofWeare,
of Concord,
Governor^
DqnUy See. of SUOe^
TVionirer,
$1,000
800
Fees.
600
of Exeter,
ofMeredith,
AtUmMy-Gtneral^
AdjuUmt'GmMTol^
1,400
400
iBi District,
2d
u
3d
u
4th
cc
5tli
cc
1855.] NKW HAHFBHIBE. 229
Francis R. Chase, of Lancaster, Speaker of the House, $2J50 per day.
George C. Williams, of Lancaster, Clerk of the Senate, Fees.
E. A. Hibbard, of Meredith, Clerk of the Houee, Fees.
Amos Hadley, of Concord, State Printer.
James Goodrich, of Portsmouth, Commissary- GeneraL
Asa P. Gate, of Northfield, >
Stephen W. Dearborn, of Exeter, S Railroad Commissioners,
Benjamin H. Plaisted, of Jefferson, )
Geo. F. Starkweather, ofKeene, ^
Henry F. Wendell, of Portsmouth, > Bank Commissioners,
John G. Sinclair, ^ of Bethlehem, )
Executive Council,
Counties. Councillors.
{ ^^^^^^^""'P' "»^ i Abel Haley, of Tuftonboro'.
Cheshire and Sullivan, Daniel M. Smith, of Lempster.
Grafton and Coos, Thomas Merrill, of Enfield.
Judiciary.
The Supreme Court consists at present of a chief justice and three asso-
ciate justices. At the session ol the Legislature in June, 1851, provision was
made for appointing four circuit justices of the Common Pleas. Two only
are appointed now. If a vacancy, other than in the office of the chief jus-
tice, occurs in the Superior Court, it is not to be filled, but an additional cir-
cuit justice of the Common Pleas is to be appointed, until the whole number
of four is filled up, and after that the Superior Court will consist of the chief
justice and two associate justices, any two of whom will be a quorum.
Two terms of the Superior Court are held annually at Concord, on the 2d
Tuesdays of July and December, for the hearing and determining of ques-
tions of law and petitions for divorce, ft^m alt the counties in the State.
This court is also vested with chancery powers. At the trial of capital
cases two justices of the Superior Court, or one justice of the Superior
Court and one circuit justice, are required to be present.
The judges of the Superior Court of Judicature are, ex officio, judges of
the Court of Common Pleas. This court, before whom all actions for the
recovery of debts, enforcement of contracts, &c., and all jury trials are
brought, consists of one of the justices of the Superior Court, or one of the
circuit justices of the Court of Common Pleas, and of the two county jus-
tioes, who are generally appointed from among the yeomanry, whose prin-
cipal duty it is to attend to the ordinary business of the county, expenses,
Ac, Terms of the Common Pleas are held semiannually in each county.
Grafton County is divided into two judicial districts, and terms are held
semiaDDoally, in each district.
224
NEW HAHP0HIBB.
[1855.
Superior Court,
Appointad. Salary.
ofCharlestown, Chief Justice^ 1848 $1,400
of Bath, Jlssodate Justice^ 1840 1,200
of Gilmanton, " 1849 1,200
of Manchester, « 1849 1,200
of Concord, Reporter^ 1852 400
Circuit Justices of the Court of Common Pleas,
Charles R. Morrison, of Haverhill, 1851 1,200
Josiah Minot, of Concord, 1852 1,200
Chas-W. Woodman, of Dover, 1854 1,200
Judges of the Court of Common Pleas,
John J. Gilchrist,
Andrew S. Woods,
Ira A. Eastman,
Samuel D. Bell,
William L. Foster,
Counties.
Justices.
Residence.
Salary.
Rockingham,
Strafford,
Belknap,
Carroll,
Merrimack,
Hillsborough,
Cheshire,
Sullivan,
Grafton,
Coos,
( John Scammon,
I James H.Butler,
\ George L. Whitehoose,
l James H. Edgerly,
i Thomas Co^well,
\ Henry Y. Simpson,
i Thomas Rust,
i Thomas P. Drake,
{ Aaron Whittemore,
} John Woodbury, Jr.
( Martin Heald,
( William Parker,
( Horace Chapin,
Nathan G. Babbitt,
Ambrose Cossit,
Martin Chase,
5 David C. Churchill,
I Oscar F. Fowler,
C Nahum D. Day,
Robert Ingalls,
Stratham,
Nottingham,
Dover,
Rochester,
Gilmanton,
New Hampton,
Wolf borough,
Effingham,
Pembroke,
Wilmot,
Temple,
Francestown,
Winchester,
Westmoreland,
Claremont,
Washington,
Lyme,
Bristol,
Stratford,
Shelburne,
1
r
il
I
CO
Courts of Probate,
Counties.
Judges.
Salary.
. B«gistera.
Salaiy.
Rockingham,
Strafford,
Belknap,
Carroll,
Merrimack,
Hillsborough,
Cheshire,
Sullivan,
Grafton,
Coos,
Ira St. Clair,
Hiram R. Roberts,
Warren Lovell,
Jonathan T. Chase,
Horace Chase,
William C. Clarke,
Larkin Baker,
John L. Putnam,
Eleazer Martin,
James W. Weeks,
$412
225
142
150
300
425
225
175
300
110
William B. Morrill,
John H. White,
O. A. J. Vaughan,
Sanborn B. Carter,
William P. Foster,
George W. Moor,
Geo. W. Sturtevant,
Henry G. Carlton,
N. B. Felton,
John W. Barney,
$550
300
183
200
400
575
300
225
400
135
FiNANOSS.
[From Treasurer's Report, June 1, 1854.]
Chief Sources of Income.
Railroad tax for 1853, . . $61,590.36|MisceUaQeou8,
Civil commissions (fees), . . 301.0ol ^
Stale tax for 1863, and prerious years, 09,997.661 ^^ receipts,
. 6,859.19
. 8138,751.11
1855.] NEW HAMPSHIRE. 225
Principai Items of Expenditure.
Salaries, Ezecmire, Judiciary, &c. $24,787.48
Legislature, 21,340.7D N. H. Reports 3,703.44
Education of blind, . . . $460.00
Railroad tax dir'ds paid to towns, . 31,11
State debt and interest, . . 9,619.82
Legislatire resolres, . . . 6,241.412
Miscellaneous account, . . 2,949.70
State printers, .... 6,881.14
Publishing laws 1,108.70
N. H. Asylum for indigent insane, 2,004.02
American Asylum, — Education of
deaf and dumb, .... 1,858.34
Total expenditures for the year ending June 1, 1854, 1 110,614.38
Total receipts for the same period, 138,751.11
Balance in the Treasury, June 1, 1854, $ 23,136.73
State of the Treaaury, June 1, 1864.
Total indebtedness, June 1, 1854, 1171,424.60
Deduct arailable funds, viz. Cash in Treasury and Taxes outstanding, . . 30,429.21
Amount of indebtedness above arailable funds, 1 40,995.39
Banks.— Tm condition of the banks, on the first Monday in June, 1854, was as follows:
~ Capital actually paid in, 13,415,000; real estate, 943,518.47; debta due the banks,
$6,681,917.87; specie, $176,081.75; bills of other banks, $ 105,716.20; deposita, $902,879.49;
deposits in other banks for the redemption of bills, $629,459.27; circulation, $3,011,190.00.
The whole number of banks in the State is thirty<two. There were also sixteen savings
banks ; deposits, $ 3,222,261.52 ; total means, $ 3,348,326.9a
Common Schools.
The present school law is In the eighth year of its existence. At the June session (1850)
of the Legislature, the office of School Commissioner was abolished, and County School Com-
missioners were created, to constitute the Board of Education. The Commissioners are, —
Rockingham.— H. Webster, of Portsmouth.
Strafford.— Thos. J. Greenwood, of Dover.
Belknap.— Slug & Hall, of Meredith, Secre-
Hillsborough.— J. M.Campbell, of Manchester.
Cheshire.— Harvey Carleton, of Chesterfield.
Sullivan. — Geo. H. Hubbard, of Washington,
Carroll. —Benj. M. Mason, of Wolfborough.
Merrimack. —George S. Barnes, of Concord.
tary. Grailra. — John S. Woodman, of Hanover,
Chairman.
Coos. — D. W. Bowe, of Lancaster.
The returns for the years ending May 20, 1852, May 24, 1853, and May 1854, give the
following statistics, to wit : —
Whole number of school districts reported, .
Number of scholars above 4 years of age attending school
no4 less than two weeks,
Number of scholars in the winter schools,
Average attendance in the winter schools, .
Number of scholars io the summer schools, .
Average attendance in the summer schools.
Average length of the winter schools in weeks, .
Average length of the summer schools in weeks.
Average monthly wages of male teachers, exclusive of
board,
Average monthly wages of female teachers, exclusive
ofbowd,
Number of male teachers empbyed in the winter schools.
Number of female teachers employed iu the winter
schools, 1,060 1,062 1,127
Amount of money raised by taxes for the schools, $ 150,527.76 $ 163,106.44 $ 166,973.88
Amount contributed in board and fuel, . . . 14,233.36 14,482.09 12,376.68
Income of local funds, 8,669.67 8,684.07 10,319.53
1852.
1853.
1854.
2,284
2,310
2,294
84,900
90,297
88,026
71,232
69,666
69,071
65,770
64,606
64,091
58,805
67,193
68,071
44,664
44,607
45,862
9.11
9.5
9.20
9.8
$ 16.18
$16.68
$16.42
$6.63
$6.99
$7.18
1,205
1,166
1,168
226 VEBMOKT. [1855.
1852. 1853. 1854.
Amoant of literary fund, •13,005.00 f 15,630.00 •16,435.79
Amouat raised fur tlie Teachers' lastitnte, about . . 4,050.00
Wliole amount railed for the district schools during
the year 189,925.79 905,402.60 212,324.00
Increase abore the preyioQS year, .... 10,860.33 15,476.81 6,921.40
In 1854 there were 2,669 children between 4 and 14 years of age not attending school any-
where ,- 42S between 14 and 21 who can neither read nor write, ^^ere were 70 school-houses
built during the year. The number of incorporated academies is 46; 923,494.30 are paid
for tuition in academies and private schools.
State Prison, Concord^ for the year ending May 31, 1854.— Gideon Webster, Warden,
salary • 800 ; Bar. Eleazer Smith, Chaplain ; William Prescott, M. D., Physician. Whole
number of conrtcts in prison, June 1, 1853, 100. Receired since, 28. Whole number, 137.
There have been discharged during the year, by expiration of sentence, 13 ; by pardons, 13 ;
death, 6; = 32. Leaving in prison, May 31, 1854, 106. Of those remaining in prison, 101
are males, and 4 are females. 36 convicts are employed in the cabinet shop; 32 in the shoe
shop; 21 in the machine shop; the 4 females are employed in sewing. The expenditures
for the year were 1 6,794.63 ; the receipts and earnings were 910,156.26; excess of expen-
ses over income, • 3,361.63. The prison library consists of about 770 volumes.
Netc Hampshire Asylum for the Insane, Concord, ^ Joha E. Tyler, Superintendent.
Since the opening of the asylum, in 1843, there have been admitted, to June 1, 1854, 1,199
patients ; 161 now remain in the institution. Of these, 77 are males and 84 females. The
number of patienU admitted during the past year was 141, 72 males and 69 females. 123
were discharged during the year. Of these, 63 (34 males and 29 females) had recovered ; 24
(14 males and 10 females) had partially recovered ; 22 (12 males and 10 females) were not re-
lieved ; and 14 (7 males and 7 females) died. Clauses assigned for the insanity of some of those
admitted during the year: — ill-health, 28; exposure and excesses, 12; masturbation, 18;
domestic trouble, 13; pecuniary difficulties, 2; political excitement, 1; intemperance, 12;
religious, 6. Of the 141 received, all but 16 were residents of the State. Receipts during the
year, •21,446.31 ; expenses, •20,947.17; excess of receipts, •499.14.
State R^orm School. — Nothing has been done since last year towards the establishment
and erection of the school.
III. VERMONT.
Oovwmment for tht Year ending October^ 1855.
Salary.
Stephen Rotce, of Berkshire, Governor (term endg Oct.,
1855), $750
Ry land Fletcher, of Cavendish, UBUt.-Gov. fy Pres, Sen,, $4 a d&y
H. M. Bates, of Northfield, Treasurer, 400
Daniel P. Thompson, of Montpelier, Secretary of State, 400
C. H. Hajden, of Rutland, See. Civil and MUttary Affairs, 225
William M. Pingrey, of Weathersfiel d, Auditor of Accounts, 500
Joseph H. Barrett, of Middlebury, Secretary of the Senate, 250
George W. Grandey, of Vergennes, Speaker of the House, $4 a day.
James M. Slade, of Middlebury, Clerk of the House, '700
F. F. Hovey, of Montpelier, State Librarian, 125
Hiram Harlow, of Windsor, Superintendent of State Prison, 500
L. S. Partridge, of Norwich, Adjutant and Jnsp.- General, 150
P. D. Bradford, of Randolph, Commissioner of the Insane.
Daniel Roberts, of Manchester, Bank Commissioner.
The Senate was established in 1836. The House of Representatiyes is
1855.] VERMONT. 227
composed of aboat 230 members, one member from each town. Pay of the
members of each house, $2.00 a day during the session of the Legislature.
Judiciary.
The Supreme Court consists of three judges, and holds its stated sessions
in each county, once each year, with an additional term, each year, in each
judicial circuit, at such time and in such county as the court shall direct.
For the trial of cases in the County Courts (Court of Common Pleas) the
State is divided into four judicial circuits. The first circuit includes the
counties of Bennington, Rutland, and Addison ; second circuit, Windham,
Windsor, and Orange ; third circuit, Chittenden, Franklin, Lamoille, and
Grand Isle ; fourth circuit, Washington, Caledonia, Orleans, and Essex.
The County Court is composed of a circuit judge, who is appointed by the
Legislature, and two assistant judges, in each county, who are elected by the
people. The salary of each judge of the Supreme Court and each circuit
judge is $1,375 per annum, and the assistant judges receive a per diem
allowance. The salary of the reporter is $ 450.
The Court'of Chancery has two stated sessions annually, in each county,
and is always in session, except for the final hearing of a cause. An appeal
from the decree of the Chancellor lies to the Supreme Court.
Supreme Court, Salary,
of Windsor, Chief Judge^ $l,i500
of Bennington, Associate Judge, 1,500
ofBurlinffton, «* 1,500
of Cavendish, Reporter , 450
County Courts,
Assistant Judges.
Isaac F. Redfield,
Pierrepoint Isham,
Milo L. Bennett,
John F. Deane,
First Circuit. Robert Pierpont, of Rutlaad,
Circuit Judge.
Assistant Judges.
J^"'l/p^i3' fBenningtonCoantr.
tTL^V^nr**' (K«tl«»JO,unty.
Ku'teS!'*. |Addi»na,«nty.
Second Circuit. Abel Underwood, of New-
bury, Circuit Judge.
Assistant Judges.
Augustus Young,
Preston Taylor,
Nathan Foster,
Samuel Pennock,
Gideon H. Rice,
Jabez Ladd,
William Harris,
Emery Wlieelock,
( Windham County.
Third Circuit. Asahel Feck, of Burlington,
Circuit Judge.
I Franklin County.
> Lamoille County.
> Grand Isle County.
Fourth Circuit. Luke P. Poland, of St.
Johnsbury, Circuit Judge.
Assistant Judges.
> Caledonia County.
I Orleans County.
> Essex County.
A. W. Burroughs,
Orra Crosby,
John D. Harding,
Sabin Kellum,
Harrey G. Fry,
Myron S. Chandler,
Clerks of the Supreme and County Courts.
Counties. Clerks. Residence.
Bennington, Sam. H. Brackmer, Bennington.
Windham, Royal Tyler, Brattleboro'.
Fred. W. Hopkins, Rutland.
Norman Williams, Woodstock.
George S. Swift, Middlebury.
Samuel M. Flint, Chelsea.
David B. Buckley, Burlington.
Rutland,
Windsor,
Addison,
Orange,
Chittenden,
Counties. Clerks.
Washington, Shubael Wheeler,
Caledonia, G. A. Burbank,
Lamoille, Carlos S. Noyes,
Grand Isle, Gary Whitney,
Franklin, Jos. H. Brainerd,
Orleans, Hubbard Hastings, Irasburg.
Essex, Wm. H. Hartshorn, Guildbr'
Residence.
Montpelier.
Danville.
Hydepark.
North Hero.
St. Albans.
228 VBBMONT. [1855.
Common Sehoola. ^ Tha achool fund was abolished in 1845, to pay the State debt. Then
has been no^ State Saperintendent of achools since 1851; and since that year there have
been no retams of the conditions of the Schools. The returns for 1861 will bb found in the
American Almanac for 1864, p. 234.
State Prison. — Tear ending September 1, 1864. — HInun Harlow, Superintendent, salary
• 600. Number of convicts, September 1, 1853, 76 ; admitted during the year, 22 ; total, 97 ;
29 were discharged during the year; 20 by expiration of sentence; 5 by pardon; 4 died;
leaying in confinement, September 1, 1864, 68. The senricea of the convicts are let out to
contractors. The contract per-diem charge per convict is two shillings. The income of
the prison for the year was • 6,687.46. Expenditures, including depreciation of propeity,
• 7,638.77. Balance of expenditoies over income, • 861.31.
Vermont Aoyium/or the Inoane, Brattleboro'.^VfWWxm H. Rockwell, M.D., Supei^
intendeou Snce the opening of the Asylum, there have been admitted, to August 1, 1854,
2,229 patienu ; 1,840 have been discharged, and 389 remain in the institution. Of the 1,840
patients discliarged, 1,018 have recovered, equal to 67 per cent Of those placed at the
Asylum within six months from the attack, neariy nine tenths have rscoversd. During the
year ending August 1, 1854, the whole number of patients was 636. Admitted, 163 ; dis-
clkarged, 146; remaining in the institution, 339. Of those discharged, 80 were cured; 40
died ; improved, 12 ; not improved, 14. There have been 207 State beneficiaries in the
Asylum during the year, and 162 remained, August 1, 1854. Income during the year,
• 44,492.33; expenditures, 45,194.20; balance against the Asylum, • 701.87. There is con-
nected with the Asylum a library of over 1,200 volumes, and a large number oi newspapen
and periodicals are taken.
Terms of Admission. — For the fint six months, 92 per week, and #1.75 afterwards.
When the insanity is connected with epilepsy or paralysis, $2.50 per week. Patients an
received from other Statee for $2 per week, or • 100 per year.
Banko, — FTom Bank Commissiooer'B Report, dated September 12, 1864.— Number of
banks in the State, 40 ; capital paid in, •3,323,826 ; circulation, 93,989,711. Total liabR-
ities, • 8,145,614. Notes and bills discounted, 96,264,885 ; deposits in city banks, • 1,031,406 ;
specie, 9^196,699 ; total resources, • 8,476,222. To every • 100 of circulation there is neariy
• 26 of deposits in tity banks, and • 4.93 of specie.
ftk the session of the Legislature of 1851 a General Banking Law was adopted, under which
three banks, the South Royalton, the Bank of Castleton, and the Bank of Woodstock have
gone into operation.
By a joint resolution of the Legislature passed in 1849, savings banks are required to report
to the Auditor their condition on the first Monday of September in each year. On the first
Monday in September, 1854, there were 13 savings banks in operation, with deposits to the
amount of 9895,370.13. The expeores of these 13 banks for the year were 91,879.53.
The avenge dividend was 5 per cent.
FiNAircxs
For Fiteal Year ending Augtut 31, 1854.
Amount received into the Treasury, including balance of 1863, . . • 165,111.84
". expended, 152.443.36
Balance in Treasury, Sept. 1, 1854, • 12,668.48
Principal Heme o/ Expenditure.
Expenses of the Legislature, $34,039.32 Elections, 531.15
Contingent expenses, 9,326.03 Repaid loans and Shfety Fund, 10,e2&M
Library,
Executive expenses, <— salaries, 2,376.00 Principal Soureee of JUvenue.
Miscellaneous, 2,121.92 In Treasury, Sept. 1, 1863, • 3^009.93
Sedaries of Judges, 10,788.25
Vermont Reports, 1,400.64
Other Court expenses, including pros-
ecution of crime, 55,694.80
Military expenses, 319.60
Infirm poor, insane, deaf and dumb, 8,291.41
Financial disbursemenu, •4,749.73
Peddlera' license moqey distributed, 2,160.00
From taxes, 139,386.07
Safety and School Funds, 2,812.50
Principal collected on same, 2,097.38
Bank taxes and Interest, 2,861.15
State Attorneys, 6,041.65
Court fees by Cftrks, 5,671.67
Vgricultunl Societies, Ac, 2,6g{7.2o|Peddlen» license money, 2,219.48
1855.]
MASSACHUBBTTa.
State UabUUUSy 5cpf. 1, 1854.
Indebted to Safety Fund, • 21 ,041. 19
" " Safely Fund Loan, 6,000.00
" " Stale Prison Loan, 5,000.00
Due towna for U. S. surplus revenue,
over notes on hand, 4,559.90
Total, • 30,601.09
Bmourees, 48,349.15
Balance in favor of the State,
To meet which, it has, —
Balance in the Treasury,
Taxes not collected.
S29
i 12,668.48
35,680.67
• 48,349.15
• 17,748.06
Taxable Property and Taxation. — Aggregate of Grand List of 1853.
53,23i polls at 1 2, $ 106,468.00
Real estate (4,916,131 acres), 61,720,414 44
Personal estate, over debts owe d, 15,281,283,30
Total real and personal, • 77,001,697.74
Polls and one per cent, are,
Deduct for Fire Companies,
Balance list for State taxes,
876,484.97
1,042.00
$876,442.97
IV. MASSACHUSETTS.
Government for the Year ending the let Wednesday in January, 1856.
Salary.
of Boston ) Governor, $3,500
of Concord, lieutenant- Governor, $4 a day.
ofWesthampton, 5ec. of ComifumtffealcA, 2,000
of Plymouth, Treas, and Reeeiver-Gen., 2,000
of Boston, Auditor, 2,M0
of Roxbury,
of Newton,
of Boston,
Henbt J. Gardner,
Simon Brown,
Ephraim M. Wright,
Jacob H. Loud,
Joseph Mitchell,
Ebene2er W. Stone,
Ebenezer Bradbury,
Benjamin Stevens,
William Tufts, ■
George Russell,
Bamas Sears,
Charles L. Flint,
Charles E. Cooke,*
Otis P. Lord,*
Charles Calhoun,*
William Stowe,*
Lemuel Shaw,
Charles A. Dewey,
Theron Metcalf,
Geo. Tyler. Bigelow, of Boston,
Benj. F. Thomas, of Worcester,
Pliny Merrick,
John H. Clifford,
Horace Gray, Jr.,
Charges R. Train,
L. F. Brigham,
Adj.- Gen. ^ Qtiartermaster, 1,500
Land Agent, 1,000
Sergeant at Arms, Housed 1,300
of Boston, 1st Clerk, Secretary of StaU's Office, 1,300
of Kingston, Ist Clerk, Treasurer's Office, 1,300
of Newton, Sec. of Board of Education
and State Librarian, 1,900
of Boston, Sec. of Board of Agriculture, 1,500
of Boston, Preset of the Senate, $ 4 per day.
of Salem, Speaker of House of Rep. "
of Boston, Clerk of Senate, $10 per day.
of Springfield, CUrk of House, **
JUDICIART.
Supreme Judicial Court.
of Boston, Chief Justice,
of Northampton, Justice,
of Boston,
$3,500
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
fe,500
of Worcester, ««
of New Bedford, Attorney- General,
of Boston, Reporter, $ 300 and proceeds of Reports.
of Framingham, District AUomey, N. Dist. 1,000
of New Bedford, «» S. »' 1,000
* Officers at the session of 1854.
20
290
MA8SACHUBBTTS.
[1865.
Alfred A. Abbott,
Ezra Wilkinson,
P. E. Aldrich,
Henry A. Dawes,
George W. Cooley,
of Danvers, District AUorwy^ E. District, $ 800
ofDedham, «' S.E. »' 800
of Worcester, •• Mid. « 800
of North Adams, " W. «» 800
of Boston, Commth AU'y for Co. of Suffolk, 2,000
The Supreme Court consists of six judges, who hold office during good
behavior. It has exclusive cognizance of all capital crimes, and exclusive
chancery jurisdiction, so far as chancery powers are given by statute ; and
concurrent original jurisdiction of all civil cases, where the amount in dis-
pute exceeds $600 in Suffolk, and $300 in the other counties. It holds
law terms in eight of the fourteen counties of the State, and nisi^us terms
in all the counties.
Court of Common Pleas.
of Wayland, Chiff Justice, $ 2,300
of Stockbridge, Associaie Justice^ 2,100
of Salem, " 2,100
of Concord, " 2,100
of Lenox, " 2,100
ofPittsfield, " 2,100
. of Boston, " 2,100
The Court of Common Pleas is held for the trial of civil cases above
$20, and, except in Suffolk County, has criminal jurisdiction in all cases
not capital. In Suffolk, the criminal jurisdiction is surrendered to the Mu-
nicipal Court. There are seven judges, and frequent terms are held in
every county. Justices of the peace have a limited criminal jurisdiction,
and in civil cases under $ 100, with the right of either party in all cases
over $20 to call in a jury of six ', and a right in all cases of appeal to the
Common Pleas. In those places, as in Boston, where the justices of the
Police Court on stated days hold a ** Justices* Court,'* Justices of the peace
cannot try causes. In Boston, a *' Justices' Court" is held every Saturday.
The Jurisdiction of these courts is like that of justices of the peace.
Police Court of Bo$ton,
Johtt G. Itogers, Abel Cushing, Thos. Russell, Justices, salary, $1,500 each.
Commissioners of Insolvency,
Edward Mellen,
Horatio Byington,
Jonathan C. Perkins,
E. Rockwood Hoar,
Henry W. Bishop,
George N. Briggs,
George P. Sanger,
poantj.
Commissioner.
Residence.
County. Commissioner*
Residence.
brmttat^ls
, Simeon N. Small,
Yarmouth.
Middlesex, Isaac S. Morse,
Lowell.
1 **
Timotliy Reed,
Barnstable.
" Joslah Rutier,
Waltham.
kfkshWa,
Charles N.Emerson
, Great Bar-
Nantucket, George Cobb,
Nantucket.
•
riflgton.
Norfolk, Francis Hllliard,
Bozbury.
1 If
Lorenzo H.Gainwell, Pillsaeld.
S. B. Noyes,
Canton.
P .
Shepherd Thayer,
Adams.
Plymouth, J.J. Russell,
Plymouth.
Irfrtol,
Edmund H. Bennett, Taunton.
" Welcome Young,
East Bridge-
1^
Joshua C. Stone,
NewBedford.
water.
LfeAilt
Leavlti Thaxter,
EdgartowD.
Suffolk, Charles Deraond,
Boston.
BLejr,
John G. King,
Salem.
" John P. Putnam,
Boston.
X^i
N. W. Harmon,
Lawrence.
" John M. Williams,
Boston.
K^flkll:i,
Darid Aiken,
Greenfield.
Worcester, A. H. Bullock,
Worcester.
StitntJ'lt--si^
Henry Vose,
Springfield.
" C. H. B. Snow,
Fitchburg.
HjWiipaUini
sJthamarF. Conkey, Amherst.
" Thomas G. Kent,
Milford.
• i
Samuel T.Spaulding, Ware.
'< Charles Brimblecora, Barre.
mM^.T
Asa F. Lawrence,
Cambridge.
1855.] MASSACHUSETTS. 231
These Commissionera hold Courts of Insolyency in their respective coun-
ties as often as they may deem necessaiy . Salary, — fees not exceed-
ing the amount of $1,500 each.
Probate Courts,
Ck)unties.
Judges.
Salary
Registers.
Salary.
Barnstable,
Nymphas Marston,
$500
George Marston,
$550
Berkshire,
Daniel N. Dewey,
4125
Henry W. Taft,
600
Bristol,
Oliver Prescott,
500
John Dasrgett,
Richard L. Pease,
800
Dukes,
Thomas G. May hew,
150
175
Essex,
N. S. Howe,
800
George R. Lord,
1,500
Franklin,
Franklin Ripley,
300
Charles Mattoon,
450
Hampden,
Oliver B. Morris,
350
Henry Smith,
600
Hampshire,
Ithamar Conkey,
Samuel P. P. Fay,
300
Samuel F. Lyman,
475
Middlesex,
800
Alfred A. Prescott,
1,500
Nantucket,
Samuel Mitchell,
200
George Cobb,
Jonathan H. Cobb,
300
Norfolk,
Wm. S. Leland,
600
800
Plymouth,
Aaron Hobart,
500
Joseph S. Beal,
H. M. Willis,
700
Suffolk,
Edward G. Loring,
900
9,000
Worcester,
Thomas Kinnicutt,
800
Charles G. Prentiss,
1,500
Finances.
Received into the Treasury during the year ending December 31st, 1853, on
• account of ordinary revenue, . .■ . . . . . , |89S;,SS9.33
Received on all other accounts (including $ 546,800 5 per cent, temporary lo^a,
borrowed in anticipation of the revenue), I ^aasooo 76
Total receipts, B2,Ul,iiQ0rJ7
Addcashonhand, January 1st, 1854, ^6J44.54
Total means, tM,:i87.4a4 61
The entire payments during the year on account of ordinary ezpenditures'^erfl s ^?? i^>^ 7U
On all other accounts, including $446,800 temporary loans repaid, . . 1 ,3 06,59 1 .26
Total payments, « 2,1^,454 96
Excess of revenue for 1863, 4,72[;,6a
Cash on hand, January let, 1854, % '^l,*M%m
Of this • 13,409.64 is on account of ordinary revenue, and $ 189,560.02 qo Acc^mnt of tfM
school and other funds.
Principal Items of Expenditure, 1853. SUte Prison,
Gouncillors,
Legislature,
Salaries, . , . . .
Adj'nt and Q. M. General's Dep't,
Fuel, &c. for State-House, .
Repairs of do.
Furniture for do. •
&ationery for do.
State Library, . . . .
Agent for discharged convicts,
Coroner's Inquests,
Arrest of fugitives from justice,
Asylum, for the Blind,
^ . " " Deaf and Dumb, .
Eye and Ear Infirmary,
State Lunatic Hospital, .
School for Idiots,
Bounty to militia, .... 29,098.50iAgricultural Societies, •
9 6, 104 00 Prevention of counterfeiting,
105,288.50 Pensions,
84,996.43 State Reform School, . ' .
3,350.00 Bank Commissioners,
1,124.43 Alien and pauper Commissionens, .
5,836 22 Commissioners for various pur[>4i94;fl,
l,105.13Sundry Indian tribes, .
3,429.71 Secret Ballot envelopes, &c,,
804. 13 Sute printing, ....
1 ,000.00 Newspapers and advertising^
1,962.25 Term reports, . . . .
859.22 County Treasurers, .
9,000.00 State paupers, ....
7,567.41 Interest on temporary loans,
2,500.00 Interest on Sute Kef. School scrtp,
3,200.00 •' on Western Railroad icripj
5,000.00 " on 5 per cent, scrip,
282
1CA6SACHUSBTT8.
[1855.
LoMM repaid,
School Fuod, • .
iDterest on aame,
Western R. R. sinking fond,
Conrention of 1853, .
Indexes and Journals,
Slate Board of Africulture,
6M,800.Q0|Attomey for 8iifli>lkX3oimt7, . 4,709.70
260,268.05 Alien passengers, . . . 31,008.61
49,872.17 Alien estates, .... 2,515.82
194,400.00 Hawkers' and peddlers' licenses, . 642 00
154,184.82 Interest on deposits, . 1,861.82
6, 1 19.37 Western RaUroad dividends, . 65,000.00
2,131.63 Temporary loans, . . . 646,800.00
CiMtflas River and W. Bridge Fund, 7,086.87 School ftind, ... . . 239,669.07
Enlargement of State House, . 48,361.19 Interest on school fund, . . 49,078.22
New Lunatic Hospital, . *. . 68,228.45 Scrip lent to railroads, . . 62,600.00
Sute Almshouse, 91,856.37 Western Railroad stock and loan
sinking fund, Ax. . . . 196,978.34
C)^ Sourcf of Income. pj^e per cenu scrip, 1868, . 176,000.00
Bank tax, •443,34a00 Premiums on ditto, . 4,172.60
Insurance tax, . . . . 6,082.64 State tax, 1853, . . . 286,605.00
The debt of Massachusetts, on its own account, was, on the 1st January, 1854, • 1,804,176.00
Liability of the Commonwealth for scrip loaned to the various railroads, . 6,049,555.56
Total absolute and contingent debt, 96,853,730.56
The value of the productive property of the Commonwealth, January 1st, 1854,
consisting of notes, mortgages, stocks and scrip, the Western Railroad
sinking fund. School fund, &c •3,965,106.98
Real esute. Ax., unproductive 2,077,796.07
Mortgages on the various railroads, 5,049,555.56
Total property of the Commonwealth, • 11,092,457.61
Total liabilities, 6,853,730.56
Excess of resources over liabilities, > 4,238,727.05
The lands in Maine last year estimated at 9616,000 have been sold, and the proceeds
(1 616,196.19) have been divided between the School and the Sinking Funds.
Receipts and Expenditures^ and Kinds of Expenditure^ on Account of ordinary
Revenue^ from 1834 to 1853 inclusive.
Year.
1834
Receipts.
Expen-
ditures.
Govern-
ment.
Education.
ChariUes.
Correctional
InteresU
• 409,968
9 36t^,:fi0
«20t=!,[i]3
9 9,968
• 91,350
• Ar.r4l
• 7,509
1835
447,679
4^.138
3I7ja2
9,382
94,846
r-.Ol
4,517
1836
406,626
^3^1,456
^^S
14,528
88,410
Ki.-^12
7,184
1837
478,239
r5in,461
i;3fi,ii29
13,365
93,180
.--,774
18,213
ia3R
422.233
4iJiM34
^.'■,i,r^2
19,958
82,400
]ff.-.,^:05
25,629
1839
413,279
-1MJ96
•43^:.m
31,562
73,300
Ji>l,112
36,622
1840
405,742
'lri7.'43
'j^'Tjm
29,961
69.436
72,150
28,473
1841
416,970
;r..K.i)50
l.:iK-«
24,922
82,503
TtJ87
39,474
1842
433,804
Xv,736
M",:i78
16,171
73,544
: M.I 69
45,576
1843
381,568
n:o,:«6
l<;ii.l37
9,965
80,200
<i?,.-34
66,229
1844
394,099
■unm
I01.-.J5
17,773
97,115
7:^,:i49
71,689
1846
605,647
i IG. t43
irr.MQ
16,787
90,681
'J\.'40
59,894
1846
602,025
3^J,125
VJh'JAT
10,667
86,642
7J.1S6
64,643
1847
600,332
4r,s,756
iK>l,3!^
10,818
94.132
ii:..;®3
64,086
1848
508,395
514. C75
2.in,r)ir
7,454
118,035
]:K[80
64,969
1849
490,901
£>4iG.H04
2a:^,sa3
6,634
138,083
1-^7.-217
62,337
1850
492,811
rH;(j.((56
a 1 7,500
7,500
7,805
161,000
i-i.rioo
68,066
1861
666,432
i\U,]05
311H.836
145,169
n.\lf32
64,364
1852
698,170
C>7\ra2
2n:>.io4
10,500
147,261
lfL-^.112
72,346
1863
882,289
^77,r«4
4^7,rii7
11,300
148,906
l^itt>,l46
81,196
• 9,657,112
09,915,069
$4,686,305
• 286,010
• 2,066,143
• 1,983,680
• 902,923
InatittUionsfor Savings in 185a — In the 60 institutions that made returns, there were
117,405 depositors, and •23,416,392.73 deposits securely invested ; seven millions in mort-
gages, and the rest in stocks and loans. The average dividend for the year was a fraction
over 4.78 per cent. The average annual per cent, of dividends of the last five years is a
1855.]
MASSACHUSETTS.
238
fraction orer 6.09 per cent. The whole expense of managing these 60 Sarings Banks was
f 59,071.27.
Iruuranee Abstract /or 1853. —Number of stock offices, 34, 19 of which are in Boston.
Capital, 96,690,100. In United States stocks and Treasury-notes, $31,239.38. Bank stocks
in Massachusetts, • 4,533,285.02. State Stock, • 151,920;00. Loans on bottomry and respon-
dentia, 8 30,500. Real estate, •358,555 30. Mortgages on do., $ 1,166,341.06. Loans on col-
lateral and personal security, 8570,514.91 ; loans on personal security only, 8403,597.79.
Cash, 8 227,718.02. Resenred or continent fund, 8 509,107.87. Railroad stock, 8 628,879 57.
Losses ascertained and unpaid, 8182.594.78. Estimated losses in addition, 8461,670.00.
Premium notes, 82,006,968 43, of which 8 438,686.53 are on ifsks that have terminated.
Notes bad or dotibtful, but not charged to profit and loss, 8 14,364.87. At risk, marine
864,058,935.11 ; fire) 888,097,881.07. Premiums on fire risks undetermined, 8691,163.3a
Average annual dividends for 5 preceding years, or since incorporated, 10.9 per cent. (Bos-
ton offices, 12.35 per cent.) Fire losses paid last year, 8398,563.^ Marine losses do.,
81)911,069.68. In mutual offices, amount insured on marine risks is 8125,684,694,00};
on fire risks, 8208,466,456,48; Asseta of mutual offices, other than premium notes,
8 12,819,036.84 ; losses paid during the year, on marine risks, 842,196,016.77 ; fire risks,
8420,649 84. There was also insured within the year by foreign companies, over
825,000,000.
Banks. — At the last session of the Legislature a law was passed requiring the banks in
Boston to report weekly their condition to the Secretary of Stata in the particulars in the
headings of the columns in the tables given below, and that the Secretary should publish
these reporta weekly. The same act required the same report to t« made monthly by the
banltB out of Boston.
Banks in Boston.
Week enditig.
IctiH*
JuJia
luty
^lugiut
10,
10,
17,
^1,
September 4^
^* as;
October 2,
•' ?
** J 6,
'* 23,
" 30j
November R,
LJpitfll. •oiacauiiL. Bank
Due Ijfmi
01 her
sis #
30,a^,orjo'48^o,49a a,f5eO,277
3(^4 ^Bjm^49, 1 m, I7a|aj>2D,75e^
30,r4ii;(]!;^)4a 2«,t>99 2,79*J,9I4
di\ 7^^,;*^2.49 >2aij<)iJ ] % 1 5 1- 1 , ^v " :
3ft,.s7n,33S '4 9, iiS^, !>l!:i ■.' . -^ ' :■■ , : :a^
30, MS, 16949,3)4,737 '/^;}^i i+4[!
30.906,4GO 5(L335,Sfl6,i,Wl,OI2
mtij 4.985 w.mi,7^^mjm,^m-
^\ ,067 S60 Si ,;m'ij439i2,ga?,634
3 1 sm. 1 85 SI , iW9,5 3 ti '■2.S7'IJ^%
31 , 1 06,OS95 5 1 ,SS7j(5S>3 '£,S2e,4 12
3 1 J a).ft35 yi, Kte, I as ' a, -jsi ,491
31 ,206,075 51 ,7r>9,W)Slli^295, ( 52
Due la
miter
Ba4Lk«'
e,7lS,J*l3!0,S5|J925
P '^7,740lf],l?LJ,r4S
■V v^:^l.^^,[r7,:J/y
Dep[?9ite.
Circula-
Llon<
3L4feijOao
3lf&l3,ns(|
3L775,fifiO
32,037,060
33,031,260
m, 110^50
t^,\7b,f^2JSi\JiWf\
49 JOe,(XM 2.7a!0,6?S
50,099,406 3,Q&^, 359
50,417.090 3.3 12, S5Si
fi0,9B7,242 3,399,2!^.
5l,lS3,7ia3,42a,69S'
^,m%\m}%7WbA7l\
T,r:'.:''- '\:i3,e3iii|
K.' ■•. . "■ ■ ■i".<J,57(j
d J,s;^,nir> 6.;tf7*6(Je|
&J 79,1130 ,5, litij^ES
&,^(M,a53'6,mm5
9^370,327 6,756,'^
9j^,a49l6,*f95.4l7
e^7et,5Ma [8,017,152
8,977,444 !G/Mri,tHfi9
■I":.' .-■■..■h.
13,7351,605:
I2,fl7a»m3!
1:5,15^.1732
VA.,m7.,H^,
11^304,7601
13,367,561
I3,m477|
13,132,571
:i2,4&l,:l-,7
11,903,930
12,201^,235
12,816,^01
13,7&|,J*713
114,062,923
H, 245,487
14,Jin>,9g9
9
■3,277,019
■ -^1,337
-j:r>'^,a65
^,662,122
^5,54 1, 494
7,350,255
H!a07,liWr
&,1S4,82S
7,97S,«Sa
7HtJlJ.n 7f>j
'> !
"im.;itiri
9,385^
Sj2iaj«]
9JH9,r
8.8ie,r
S,713,1
a56fi»i
S,53f»JI1
} .-
Banks out 0/ Boston.
"Week ending.
1354,
Joly U
Auj^it S,
S^pietnbar %
*' 30,
Capital.
Loans and
DiACOUiitsi.
I,7W4T
22,6fi9,1
2:1,312,1
2:J45r*3,^37
22,6l3,aiK40,
24,814,797 ""
t
,ff77m^
;T50|42,^W0 5SS
""i,&6i,goO|
4 3,344,5 —
Specif' in
*
906,5C0
929,598
903,591
961,402
Uuo from
oLhcr
Banim
1,^1,912
'!,»*9,6£f
1,1^,011
4^3!jfl,3l I
Due ta
Plher
Badlcs.
DspnaliA
4&*,138 5,4SL10G
4?aSll3 5,4|9,3?S
4I2,0CKJ ,5,047,773
450,215 5,315,332
4S^,lfl7 5,052,^827
(Jircul 1-
iG.oe?!
15,9SJ
15,37^
10,
30'
234 MASSACHUSETTS. [1856.
achooUfor 1863.— The towns xaise by tazatioo for the rapport of achoole, i 963,631.25.
Aggregate expended for wages, fuel, and superintendence, • 1,072.310.36. Number of children
in the State from 6 to 15 years old, 201,705. Number that attend school under 5 yeus,
17,514; orer 15 years, 22,362. Number of public schools in the State, 4,113. Numberof male
teachers, 2,068. No. of female teachers, 5,007. No. of scholars in summer schools, 187,022.
No. in winter schools, 202,031. Average attendance in summer, 140,482 ; in winter, 165,716.
Ratio of attendance to whole number of diildren betwem 5 and 15, .72. Average length
of the schools, 7^ months. Average wages per month, inclusive of board, paid to male
teachers, #37. Do. to female teachers, 915.41. Amount of School Fund, December 3l8t,
1853, • 1 ,244,28105. From\hi8 fund about 1 45,000 is distributed annually among tlie towns
for the support of schools. There are 64 incorporated academies in the State, with 4,062
pupils, and an aggregate of 74,283.86 paid for tuition; also, 763 unincarporated academies,
private schools, &c., with 18,362 scholare, and an aggregate of $ 219,036.78 paid for tuition.
Amount expended on public and private schools, &e., exclusive of coet of repairing and
eVBCting school edifices, • 1,387,559.37. There were in 1850 local funds for the support of
academies, Ac. to the amount of about $360,000, yielding an income of about $20,006.
The value of the public school-houses in the State in 1848 was $2,750,000, of which
$2,200,000 had been expended since 1633. There are four Normal Schools supported by the
State, at an annual cost of about $ 11,000, —one at Westfield, one at Framingfaam, one at
Bridgewater, and one at Salem, for girls, —averaging annually, in all, 260 pupils.
The Board of Education consists of the Governor and Lieutenant-Goyernor, and eight
membera, one being appointsd each year by theOovemor and council for eight years. There
Is a secretary to the board, who has an assistant, and is the executive officer of the board.
Teachen' institutes hare been held, under the direction of the secretary, for the instruction
of teachers ; at which Professors Agasaiz, Ouyot, Mason, and othera have acted as instruct-
on ; and teachen' associations are held, independently of the institutes. Two agents are
emfrioyed by the board to visit each town In the State, to gather all information as te the
condition and necessities of the schools, school-houses, kc. Provision is made by law for
the education and training young men to be principal teachen in the high schools in the
commonwealth, by establishing 48 State scholanhips in the colleges of the State, and paying
$ 100 dollare annually to each.
Sttae Lunatic HoapUcU, Worcester, — George Chandler, M.D., Superintendent. Number
of patients, December let, 1852, 532, — 264 males, 268 females; admitted during the year,
288, — 136 males, 162 females ; remaining in the Hospital, November 30th, 1863, 620, — 266
males, 254 females. Of those admitted during the year, 241 (113 males, 128 females)
were commitied by the courts ; 47 (23 males, 24 females) by overseen of the poor ; private
boarden none. 106 foreignen (i. e. penona having no legal residence in the State), of whom
37 were males and 69 females, were admitted. 216 foreignen (101 males, 122 females) re-
mained In the Hospital at the end of the year. 300 patients (133 males, 167 females) were
discharged during the year ; of whom 146 were recovered, 36 improved, 41 incurable and
harmless, 37 Incurebleand dangerous, and 41 died. Number of State paupers in the Hospi-
tal at the end of the year, 216. Receipts during the year, $ 63,988.38 ; balance of cash, De-
cember 1st, 1862, $22,780.13; total, $76,768.51. Expenditures, $ 53,636.66. Leaving bal-
ance to new account, $ 23, 1 31 .85.
Slette Prison. -^Jefteaon Bancroft, Warden; Rev. Henry E. Hempstead, Chaplain ; Wil-
liam B. Morris, M.D., Physician. The number of prisonen, October Ist, 1862, was 483;
169 were received during the year ending 30th September, 1863, and 161 were discharged.
Number of prisonen, 30th September, 1863, 491. Of those discharged, 119 were from expi-
ration, and 20 from remission of sentence; 2 by pardon; 6 by insanity ; and 4 died. Of
those in prison, 407 were committed for offences against property, and 84 for ofiences
against the pereon. 174 are natives of Massachusetts, 148 of other States, and 169 are
foreignen. There are 62 second-comen, 15 third-comen, 7 fourth-comen, and 1 is a sixth-
comer. There are 26 negroes, and 11 mulattoes. Average number of convicts for the year,
484. Of those in prison, 3 are 15 yean of age ; 66 between 16 and 20 ; 149 from 20 to 25 ;
111 from 25 to 30; 92 from 30 to 40; 40 from 40 to 50; 25 from 50 to 60; 5 from 60 to 70.
1855.] MASSACHUSSTTS. 285
• 100 are appropriated each year to parehase booka for the priaon library, which now
ttumbers 820 volumes. The ordinary expenses have been 81,882.45, and the receipts
1 63,51 1 .43 ; deficit of recei pts to meet expenses, $ 18,371.02.
State Reform School, Westborough, — Henry W. Cushman, Superintendent. Boys in the
school, Dec. 1st, 1852, 311 ; received since, 299 ; discharged during the year, 255 ; remaining,
November 30th, 1853, 385. Of those committed the past year, 3 were 7 years old, 10 were
8, 15 were 9, 32 were 10, 24 were 11, 37 were 12, 35 were 13, 47 were 14,. and 50 were 16.
90 were committed for larceny, 102 for stubbornness, 14 as Idle and disorderly, 16 for
vagrancy, 3 for shopbreaking and stealing, 5 for assault, 4 as runaways, 16 for shopbreaking
with intent to steal, 1 as common drunkard, 4 for malicious nflschief, and 2 ibr burglary.
196 were committed during minority, 1 for 8 years, 16 for 3 years, and the remainder for
shorter periods. 2c^were received from Bristol county, 10 from Berkshire, 1 from Dukes,
55 from Essex, 1 from Franklin, 25 from Hampden, 4 from Hampshire, 41 from Middlesex,
23 from Norfolk, 4 from Plymouth, 47 from Sufiblk, 26 from Worcester. 215 were bom in
the United States, and 47 in foreign countries. All the boys are employed during a portion
of the day at some mechanical, agricultural, or domestic labor. They do the washing,
ironing, and cooking, and make and mend their own clothes. Each day, 4 hours are de-
voted to school, 6 to labor, 8^ to sleep, and 5^ to recreation and miscellaneous duties. ISO
acres of land were originally purchased, and since that time an adjoining farm has been
added. A new wing was added to the building in 1853. The school can accommodate 550
inmates, and is now (1854) full. The expenses of the institution for the year were $36,887.60.
The balance in favor of the farm was $447.91.
School for Idiotic and Feeble-minded Youth. — This school was organized and went into
operation October 1st, 1848 ; the legislature, after careful preliminary inquiries, instituted
through a commission appointed for that purpose, having appropriated $2,500 a year for
three years for its establishment. There were shown to be in 1846-7 about 1,200 idiotic
persons in the State. The school has been in successful operation since that time. January
1, 1853, the number of pupils was 37; received during the year, 14; discharged, 9; now
remaining, 42. 31 are State beneficiaries, and 11 are private pupils. Of those discharged,
two were much improved. The others were not improved in any considerable degree, and
were retained only long enough to ascertain that they were not capable of such improvement
as was to be hoped for in others who were waiting for admission.
Pauperism in the Year 1853. — The number of persons relieved or suppirir?,] jjr: iwupers
was 26,414; of whom 8,004 were town paupers, and 14,831 State paupers; oi ih\-?,ii .S^ate
paupers, 11,874 were foreigners, and of this number 10,014 were natives <\{ Ecif^land and
Ireland. There were 197 almshouses, with 20,036 acres attached, the w\\r\lti valued at J
$ 1,307,124. Number relieved in almshouses, 12,251 (the average being J,3[)l), of whom]
6,365 were unable to labor. Number relieved out of almshouses, 14,398, A I'erage weekly
cost of each pauper in almshouses, $ 1.109; out of almshouses, $0.93. Net cjtpetjse of sti^
porting and relieving paupers, including interest on almshouse establishmenir, 8465j6
Estimated value of pauper labor in almshouses, 19,679.23. 1,135 foreign paupocs have c
into the State within the year. 722 insane and 371 idiots were relieved or euppqnod du
the year. 972 are paupers by reason of insanity or idiocy, and it is probable that 1
were made paupers by intemperance in themselves or others. There w«re '2/<^-^ jndl^
children, under 14 years of age, supported at public charge during the ye&r i'^f^j of wlioisi
1|537 were males, and 1,093 females. The State has erected three houses, — oiju ui Pulme^
one at Tewksbury, and one at Bridgewater, — where the State paupers are now ti^^
maintained, and nothing is paid to towns for their support. **
Jails and Houses of Correction in 1853. -— Whole number of prisoners, includhig I J ^
debtors, 13,927. Of these, 11,625 were males; 2,285 females ; 2,699 minors; 401 co^^red;
2.901 able to read or write; 50 insane when committed; 1,261 natives of Mn^jachu^tfLt^ ; ^HH
natives of other States ; 3,142 foreigners; remaining in confinement, Novpieil^^r lai, im3,
1,405. Average cost of board of each prisoner per week, $1.67. Total uKpt^iii^Ei [nr ih«
year, $ 89,262.31. Estimated value of labor in Houses of C!orrection, $ 34, 13^1.77.
236
RHODE ISLAND.
Criminal Statistics for the Year 1852.
[1865.
Offeacea.
1
1
S
1
.2
2
<
i
S5
li
Costa.
" " not feloniously,
" ** without ?lolence,
Other offencM
83
497
241
851
1916
36
208
149
382
668
8
41
8
72
80
6
73
11
63
251
10
87
34
168
662
19
76
14
214
2
11
17
67
2
12
6
25
84
« 6,051 .40
10,487.73
6.83160
22;813.68
28,587.84
Total, .....
3.688
1,4481
209I
394
861
466
98 128
#72,772.16
Births, Marriages, and Deaths, for the Year ending December 31, 1862. — Eleventh
Registration Report. The number of births during that period was 29,802 ; 15,246 males
and 14,432 females. Of these births, 10,991 were of foreign parenuge, and the parentage of
1,666 was not stated. The number of marriages was 11,678. The number of deaths was
18,482 ; 8,978 males Aid 9,396 females. Their average age was 27.78. An average of ten
persons have died of consumption each day during the last four years, and twelve a day
for the year 1852. During the four years 1849-1862 inclusive, 68.29 percent, of the births
were of American parents; 31.73 of foreign-, and 9.98 of parents whose place of birth was
unknown. During the same four years there were 3,961 more males than female bom, and
1,256 more females than males died. Of the marriages during the year, 3,767 were between
foreigners. In Boston, during the year, the marriages between Americans were 1,161 ; be*
tween foreigners, 1,488. The Registration gives the following table.
Influence of Occupation on Longevity.
Outf ymr.— Fwm Jan, I, ta
3 veara anfl S mnntba
, — From
OccnpaLloM.
Dae. 3L1^S2
IVffly 1,lS4au»Dec
ai, lesa
NTujtibor.
AperftE^ie
Asa
Age.
64. 7 G
Mumtier.
^'^'^7^\
AsfriiLuliuridid, r
yriH
KJ.yzti
6,747
111,321
Ei:*.93
LatioTerif,
7M
aaioo
43.90
3,739
I69,a07
44.99
MeC'hajiict^
l.aeo
m:33i)
46 29
6,521
29a 669
4^.95
TWerchftfiU, .
SS6^
12,544
4G 81
i,2ac
sa,e75
46.33
Pauperis, . , * n
33
bi,354
71.36
220
1&,293
eefpj
im
6,381
53 76
713
ai.S!^
4sia
Ftiblte liien^
122
^.im
51 10
71B
3-X&33
mi^
Soamfin,
mi
12,031
45X.9
1.593
B±3i^
12.91
^ Tumi, . . , ,
iiM7
ie5.443
Til 2U
21.4S4
IJi>9.Wtk3
1 Females. .
110
4jm
4i5i
I'M^
I
V. RHODE ISLAND.
Government for the Yeur ending 1st Tuesday in Mayt 1S55. ?a]|iry,
[LLIAH W. HoPFlZT, of ProvJdence, Gonernfir, $400
of North Kingston, LietiicMjinf-Go^emoTj 200
of Providence, See. of SiatCj 1,000
of Newport, Generaf Treasurer ^ 750
f Pro vi d e n ce, Miomey- Uenerat^ 1 ,200
ofCaBlGreenwIch, Comm^r of Public Schools y 800
of Providence, MajoT-Gr.n. of the Militia.
of Newport, Speaker of the H&use.
TIhj Governor^ Lieutenant-Governor, Secrelnry of State, Treasurer, and
Attorney -General are elected annually on the ]st Wednesday of Aprii, for
^|i» year commencing the Ut Tuesday of May. The Cora mission er of
'^oEm J. Reynolds,
Wn). R, Watson,
fianincl B. Vernun,
phri:^topher Robinfon,
Robi^rt Allyii,
Amos D. Soiith,
Henry Y. Cray ton.
1855.] BHODE ISLAND. 287
Schools 18 appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by the
* Senate. The Senate consists of the Governor, who presides, the Lieuten-
ant-Governor, and one Senator from each of the thirty-one towns in the
State. The House of Representatives consists of 72 members.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court. .fekdary.
William R. Staples, of Providence, Chief Justiee^ $1,600
George A. Brayton, of Warwick, Associate Justice, 1,500
Alfred Bosworth, of Warren, <' 1,500
Sylvester G. Sherman, of North Kingston, *( 1,500
Edwin Metcalf, of Providence, Reporter, 500
The judges of the Supreme Court hold office until they are removed by
a resolution passed by both houses, of the Assembly, and voted for by a
majority of the members elected to each house. By an act passed May,
1848, the Court of Common Pleas in each of the five counties b hereafter
to be held by a single judge of the Supreme Court, sitting alone. The as-
sociate judges of the Supreme Court are to divide this duty among them-
selves. There are no longer any associate justices elected for each county.
Clerks of the Supreme and Common Pleas Courts.
Countiea.
Newport,
Providence,
Washington,
Bristol,
Kent,
Poel-Offic6,
Newport,
Providence,
Kingston,
Bristol,
E.Greenwich,
Clerks of Supreme Court.
William Gilpin,
Thomas S. Anthony,
Powell Helme,
Massadore T. Bennett,
Caleb M. Alvord,
Clprks of Common Fleas.
William T. Tilley.
Amasa S. Westcott.
John G. Clarke, Jr.
Massadore T. Bennett.
John C. Brown.
Sheriffs.
Newport County, Wm. D. Lake, Newport ; Providence County, Daniel
K. Chafee, Providence; Washington County, Beriah H. Law ton, Wick-
ford; Bristol County, Stephen Johnson; Kent County, Philip Arngtd,
Apponaug.
Finances ^
For the Year ending April 30, 1854.
Principal Itenu of Expenditure. Chi^ Sources of Income,
Salariee,
Senators, .
Representatives, .
Expenses of Courts,
Orders of GoTemor,
Sute Prison, .
Orders of General Assembly,
Public Schools,
Teachers' Institute,
Deaf, blind, dumb, and idiots,
Inrested for Schools,
Militia, .
Miscellaneous,
Balance in Trees., Apdl 30, 1853,
tl63,3Sd7.00|
• 7,762.00 Balance on hand last year,
3,103.00 Peddlers, ....
6,701.00 Banks, tax on capital, .
, 15,450.00 " " on increase of Cftjutd^
6,869.00 " " on reserved proflti, .
, 2,500.00 " bonus for new cbartHn,
29,044.00 hisurance companies,
4, 700. A
2.1,615,00
G59 0O
6,4.^7.00
(i.iili^.OO
1,414.00 From Courts, 5,^'^m
300.00 Dividend on School Fund, ,
, 1,334.00 Interest of U. S. surplus revenue,
5,987.00 State tax,
. 1,855.00 Pawtucket Turnpike, .
1,023.00 Miscellaneous, ....
36,979.00
288 BHODB ISLAND. [1855.
The United States rarpliu rerenue received bj the State was disposed of thus: —
Loaned to cities and towns on bond, 9 70,402.60
Inrested in bank stock, 117,638.67
Used by State for State Prison and Dorr war, 194,246.88
Not funded, 48.06
- Total reeeiTed from the United States, •382,335.23
The State owes no debt except what it has used of the United States surplus revenue.
There are about • 40,000 of disputed rerolutionarj claims which are sometimes called the old
Stale debt.
Bankt in Rhode Island, September n, 1853. — Number of banks in the State, 77; of
which 31 were in Providence. Capital, 915,945,896.77. Circulation, • 4,895,529,75. De-
posiu on interest, • 362,729.14. Deposits not on interest, 2,184,282.58. Dividends unpaid,
• 64,604,82. Net profits on hand, 9990,965.07. Total liabiUUes, 925,496,643.49. Debts
due from directors, 9771,377.96; from other stockholders, 9825,000.38; from all others,
• 21,243,533.09. Specie, 9 359,699.84. Bills of other banks, 9 844,329.36. Deposits in other
banks, 91,004,863.83. Real estate, 9 264,812.56. Other property, 9 178,026 46. Total re-
sources, 925,496,643J[9. Amount of bills in circulation under 95, 91,481,663.75. The
average semiannual dividend of ali the banks was 3.8 + per cent. The increase of capital
since the last return was 9 1,833,995.77.
Savinge Banke. — In the 12 institutions for savings, on the first Monday of October, 1853,
there were : —Depositors. 16,946; amount of deposits, 9 3,299,957.18 ; amount of profiU on
hand, 9 126,933.97 ; of last dividends, 9 116,286.86.
Pubiie Schools, —The State has a permanent School Fund, invested in bank stock, of
961,386.00. By an act passed in 1836, the interest of the State's part of the United States
surplus revenue (commonly called the Deposit Fund) was set apart for public schools.
935,000 are annually paid from the State treasury for schools ; and by the act of January,
1854, 9 16,000 were added to the annual appropriation. By an act pasrad in June, 1848,
the proceeds of the militia commutation tax in each town are to be applied hereafter to
the support of public schools. The whole number of school districts in the Sttfte is 379,
of which 5 are not organized ; 319 of these districu own their school-houses ; in 40 districts
they STB owned by the town ; and in 29 by proi^etors. There has been expended for school-
houees during the last nine years, $296,863.50; during the last yeft, • 15,081. No. of
tcbo\ars, in 1853, 25,905, 14,086 males and 11,819 females; average attendance, 18,696.
Na of rrjilfl teachers, 278 ; of female, 350. Amount* received from the State, 935,000;
•stuTtiRt raided by towns, $66,031 ; whole amount from all sources, $ 125,004.70. Expended
f&r in«itrijciJon, $115,081. Expended for school-houses, 921,901.62. In June, 1851, tte
licKsl lawa were revised and consolidated, and in many respects much improved. A State
iorm^t ^hjool was esUblished by the Legislature in May, 1854, on the recommendation of
R. Potifif, Commissioner of Public Schools. It is at Providence. Dana P. Colbum is
net pal Teachers' institutes are annually held in different parts of the State, supported
tho Slate. A copy of the new State map is supplied to each achooi in the State.
^taie Pnton, Providence. —William Wiilard, Warden ; salary, 9 900. The number of
^sonefB, Jmuary 1, 1853, was 45; committed to December 31, 1853, 26; whole number
^ianni? tha year, 71. Discharged by expiration ofeentence, 8 ; by the General Assembly, 14 ;
(Jtoari njy- in prison, December 31, 1853, 49, all males. The convicts in the State Prison are
^^inclpfillr employed at cabinet-work ; those in the Providence county jail, in shoe-making.
"hwi inrome of the prison from January 1, 1853, to December 31, 1853, was 93,764.80; the
s:rpit!v^£?:^ wiie 94,173.69; excess of expense, 9^06.89. The income from the jail for the
s^iiH'. |K ri<>d was 9 2,779.93 ; expenses, 9 4,768.36 ; excess of expenses, 9 1,988.43. Number
• pTfi^rscmH In Providence jail at the suit of the State, December 31, 1853, 55; at the suit of
H^ chy, a}; debtors, 9; toul, 84. During the year ending December 31, 1853, 260 were
e»jTnitLi 1 1: l oa sentence, 170 for default of bail, — in all, 430. There were besides committed
In thii ir.iU u a house of correction, during the same period, 360 pereons, of whom 317 were
ilKt^Ut. 321 were committed on sentence; 39 in default of balL Whites, 313; colored
1855.] RHODE ISLAND. 239
8 : males, 290; females, 31 ; natlyes, 65; fbre'igMTS, 256. The total commltmeots to the
jail for the year were 1,175
Butler Hospital for the Insane, Providence, R. I. — Dr. Isaac Ray, Superintendent. On
the 31st of December, 18S2, there were in the Hospital 142 patients, — 64 males and 78
females. Admitted during the year, 92, — 45 males and 47 fenudes; whole number during
the year, 234. Discharged, 98, — 46 males, 52 females ; leaving in the Hospital, December
31, 1853, 136 patients, —63 males, 73 females. Of those discharged, 44 had recovered ; 27
wsre improved ; 5 were unimproved ; and 22 died. The disbursements during the year
were 25,590.35 ; the receipts were 1 28,545.23. The minimum price of board for patients
is 1 2.25 per week. The Hospital can accommodate about 145 patients.
The State now makes an appropriation of 1 1,000 per annum to enable the Governor to aid
the poor insane persons at the Butler Hospital, and it also pays a portion of the expenses of
such poor insane as the towns may choose to send there.
Deaf, Dumb, ^c. — The sum appropriated annually to the deaf, dumb, and blind, was in
January, 1351, increased to 02,000, and idiots were inclpded in its benefits. In June, 1851,
the sum was further increased to 2,500. The State beneficiaries among the deaf and dumb,
4 in number, are sent to the American Asylum at Hartford ; those of the blind, 3 in number,
are sent to the Perkins Institution at South Boston. Four persons (up to January 1, 1853)
have received the benefits of the State appropriation for idiots and imbeciles, two of whom
are at South Boston, one at Barre, Mass., and one under the care of Mr. J. B. Richards at
Philadelphia.
Providence Reform School. E. M. Cushman, Superintendent. This School was es-
tablished in 1850, and was opened to receive inmates, Nov. 1, 1850. From that date to
Oct. 31, 1853, there were committed. 208, — 179 boys, 29 girls. There were in the School,
Nov. Ist, 1852, 79, — 75 boys and 4 girls ; admitted during the year, 91,— 73 boys and 18 girls.
Whole number, 170, — 148 boys and 22 girls. Discharged during the year, 66 boys and 10
girls, and 3 boys escaped. Remaining in the school, Nov. 1, 1853, 101,-89 boys and 12 girls.
31 were committed for theft; 1 for assault; 11 for vagrancy; 40 for truancy; 2 for safe*
keeping. 78 were bom in the United States, and of these 55 were from Rhode Island. 7^
hours in each day, except Sundays, are devoted to labor ; 6 to school exercises; 2^ to meals
* and recreation ; 1 to religious exercises ; and 8 lioura to sleep. Their labor has been employed
in making such articles as are needed in the institution, and in housework. An arrangement
4s made by the State by which all juvenile delinquents may be sent to this schooL
Births, Marriages, and Deaths. The first annual report on this subject^ uxidar the ^tty
Tisions of the Act of January, 1852, is made for the year ending May 31st, IBa3. Foputatton
of theSute In 1850, 147,549. No. of Births for the registration year, 1^86^,-^2 males!,
899 females, and 18 unknown. Marriages, whole number, 831. Deatl^i wholti t^ umber,
1,126, — males, 570 ; females, 545 ; sex unknown, 1 1. The average age at deiiLli of ilm jna\es
was ^.91 years ; of the females, 28.28 years ; of each individual, 27.41 years. Q(x\\r- hinlm^
46 per cent, were of American parentage, nearly 37 per cent, of foreign, and 17 fi«r tciiL of
unknown. Of the marriages, 65 per cent, were between Americans, 29 per ceriu b(9twcea,
fi>rei£ners, and 6 per cent between those whose nativities were unknown. Of the itca^ili^i
70 per cent, was of American nativity, 15 per cent, of foreign, and 15 per conL. at unkn^^wn^
Of the causes of death, nearly 21 per cent, died of consumption ; about 7 pqr ceni. or^c4:Lrlt}ir
fever ; 6 per cent, of dysentery ; 4 per cent, of old age. As regards occupation, agr]cuUiirii?t4
reached the highest average age, viz., 63.03 years; merchants, 53.23 ^ mecliauiesj 19.Cii^|
laborers, 42; and professional men the lowest, viz., 40.33.
240
OOKNECTICUT.
VI. CONNECTICUT.
[1856.
Govemmtnt for the Year ending on the Ist Wednesday in May^ 1855.
Henrt Dutton,
Alexander H. Holley,
Oliver H. Perry,
Daniel W. Camp,
John Dunham,
Albert Sedgwick,
John Boyd,
David B. Booth,
Green Kendrick,
Ammi Giddings,
Francis E. Harrison,
of New Haven, '
of Salisbury,
of Fairfield,
of Mlddletown,
of Norwich,
of Litchfield,
of Winchester,
of Danbury,
of Waterbury,
of Plymouth, ;
of Killingly, !
Salary.
$1,100
400
1,000
1,000
1,000
Governor^
lAeut.- Governor,
Secretary of State,
Treasurer,
Comptroller^
CommW of the School Fund^ 1,250
[and expenses.
Pres. pro tern, of the Senate.
Clerk of the Senate.
Speaker of the House.
\ Clerks of House of Reps,
Judiciary.
$1,300
1,250
1,250
1,250
1,250
550
Supreme and Superior Court.
Henry M. Waite, of Lyme, Chief Justice,
William L. Storrs, of Hartford, Associate Justice,
Joel Hinman, of New Haven, **
William W. Ellsworth, of Hartford, "
David C. Sanford, of New Milford, **
William N. Matson, of Hartford, Reporter,
A term of the Superior Court is held by one judge thee times a year in
each of the counties of Hartford, New Haven, New London, and Fairfield,
and semiannually in each other county of the State ; and the Supreme
Court, ccjii!ithiJtotI ot' the tive judges, mtn^tis Einnimlly in each county. The
judges of thJi court hoUL iheir oQicea until seventy yearns of Qge. This
court has jurisdiction in all ceisbs wberij the dnmogeg, or mutter in dis-
pute, exceed $2I}Q.
County CoutISm
Clerlcit.
Cauntle;
ew Haven,
Fftlrfiekl,
TL-illniid,
Jmi^fts.
SamJ. H. Winidrulf:
Slflph^fi W. Kellogs.
John D. Park-
William T. Minor,
Daniel P. Tylerj
hfifEitn Oinidwrin^
Cliartes Wliitilofjey,
AltJirfie)'a,
Jnnailian Sic^djirti,
Jolio T. Wnii.
Wi[li;im F. Taylnr^
F[iiyJeric lloveyj
Gulcnn Hull,
John H^ Brock way^
Wail N. Rawlqr,
Alfred H.Tflrrrs
JohnT. wait,
Anios S, TiKjai,
Uriel Fuller,
K&mTy B. Grave?,
A. E. C^Eef,
Roaridenice.
HanfbnJ.
New Hamm.
N&rwkh-
Bridgeport.
Bmokifn*
Litfhfteld.
A County Court is hnld by t>ne jiJdgc throe times each year, in the sev-
Gifal countieiS- The judges of this court iire appointed annualJy by the \^tg-
filature, and hold ofTice for one year frum the 4th of July of the year of
Ihoir wppointmeiit. Tliey have juriadiction ui all tuvil actions where the
jimnagea, or mattt^r in dispute, exceed ^50. In ciWl cases, an appeal lit^s
in ixW cases from the County to the Superior Court, where the inatter in
dispute exceeds the sum of ^300. The clerks of Iho County Courts are
tlltcsviso i;lcrka cif the JSuperiar and Supreme Courta of Lheir Te»pcetire
r
1855.]
CONNECTICUT.
Finances for 1853-54.
Items of Expenditure.
Debenture and contingent expenses
of General Assembly, . . •32,S09.21
Salaries ofExecutive and Judiciary, 13,500.00
Contingent expenses of government, 44,579. 1 7
Judicial expenses, . . . 44,035.51
Expense ofsupporting State paupers, 2,200.00
" superintendence of com-
mon schools, .... 3,652.63
Salarj of directors of State Prison, 300.00
QuartermasterGeneral's Department, 1,781.22
Public buildings and institutions.
Other payments, .
Ut
$11,238.26
275.98
$ 154,071.98
Chi^ Sources of Income.
Balance of last year, . . . $64,675.94
From taxes and other sources, 1 13,433. 1 1
avails of courts, . • 1,729.72
forfeited bonds, ace., . . 2,816.34
dividends on bank stock, . 37,646.00
1210,301.11
Total receipts for year ending March 31 , 1854, including balance of preceding year, 210,301 . 1 1
Total expenditures during same period, . . 154,071.98
Balance in Treasury, March 31, 1854, . . . #56,2:^.13
The permanent fund of the Sute, April 1, 1854, consisting of bank stock not transferable,
or subscriptions to the stock of certain banks which may be withdrawn on giving six months'
notice, amounted to $ 406,000.00.
Common School Statistics for the Year ending March 31, 1852. — Number of towns,
148; of school societies, 217; of school dislricts, 1,642; of children between four and six-
teen, 96,382; attending school in winter, 74,100; average attendance, 55,100. Winter
schools were kept in 1,530 districts. Number of teachers in winter, male, 1,060, female,
730. Summer schools were kept in 1,410 districts. Number of teachers in summer,
male, 670, female, 1,020. There were in the winter 403 private schools of all grades, with
8,100 scholars. Average monthly compensation of teachers in winter, exclusive of board,
males, $18.50, females, $8.20; in summer, males, $22, females, $7.50. Of the teach-
ers, 220 had at least 10 years' experience ; 430, 5 years' ; 500, 3 years' ; 670 less than one
year's. 45 schools were broken up from the incompetency of the teachers. $ 73,000 were
expended in building and repairing school-houses during the year. But one town appro-
priated any portion of its annual tax to common schools. The amount of dividends from
the schooKund for the year was $ 143,693.69 ; which gives $ 1.35 to every en n minuted c\\M.
The school fund in September, 1853, amounted to $2,046,785.19. The LefielaiuTie, ai ilia
session of 1849, appropriated $ 10,000 for the establishBQent of a State Norvml ScFioot, "for !
the training of teachers in the art of instructing and governing the common schoo]! of th« 1
State." This institution is at New Britain, and is placed under the control tjf ei^'M lru»l
tees, appointed by the General Assembly, one from each county, and a State nftpixiprfaiinn of
$4,000 is made annually for its support. The principal of the Normal ScIkk^I, Henry Gh.t^
nard, of Hartford, is, ex officio. Superintendent of Common Schools, an oflice herein fnrft at*
tached to that of Commissioner of the School Fund. The associate princl^l, John D. Ftilt
brick, has the immediate charge of the school. The number of pupils ia IlinhiK! lo 220 la
any one term, to be selected one from each school society. Tuition free. The rtuniber i
pupils in the school since its opening, May 15, 1850, is 681, who have since been em^il^iyei
in the several school districts of the State. There have been 15 graduates fmm the ichool.
During the past year there have been in attendance 243 pupils ; 84 males and 159 fentfiteif.
The expenditure for the year was about $ 4,000. Schools or conventions for tmi ai fig le^ hen
have been held in each county, generally by the Superintendent of Schools, assbled by the
teachers of the Normal School.
State Reform School. ^ At the session of the Assembly in 1851, a State Refonn StihooX wa^
established, "for the instruction, employment, and reformation of juvenile oflftntlara*'; Itii
government to be vested in a board of eight trustees, appointed by the Senate, une fmin each
county in the State. Boys under the age of 16 years, convicted of offences now punisliAliia
by imprisonment, may, at the discretion of the court, be sent to this school, ''to Ui krpL. dja-
ciplined, instructed, employed, and governed, under the direction of the board of miptees/^
until they shall either be reformed and discharged, or bound out to service by tliv tmili»», ot
21
ut
CaNNECTICUT.
[1855.
remanded to priaon ae incorrigible. The sum of $10,000 was appropriated from the State
treasurj for the establishment of the school, and a like sum was contributed by individuals.
It has been located in Meriden. 161f acres of land were purchased at an expense of $ 15,696.
The buildings were so far completed that the institution was opened March 1, 1854. The
Superintendent is Philemon Hoadley. Up to May 24, 1853, 28 pupils had been received.
The building is designed to accommodate 300 pupils.
Birtha, Marriages, and Deatha. — kn act providing for the registration of births, mar-
riages, and deaths was passed by the General Assembly in 1848. This act was repealed in
1852, by a new law upon the subject, but no returns were required until January, 1854. The
following uUe gives a summary of the registration for the year 1853.
Counties.
e
io
1
Births.
Marriages.
Deaths. ,
1
qS
1
1
II
li
X
a
s .
1
1
(2
1
^
Hartford,
69,987
875
920
24
1,819
483
61
23
34
601
524
518
40
1,0R2
New Haven,
65,588
1,131
1,051
34
2,216
714
27
8
86
835
740
696
z
1,463
New London,
5I,S2I
a»9
.305
34
698
340
28
52
2
422
251
242
V
533
Fairfield,
59,775
620
541
29
1,190
337
36
5
4
382
452
423
51
926
Windham,
3I,0S1
313
274
16
633
175
28
32
3
238
193
194
8
395
Litchfield,
45,263
367
357
54
778
196
22
15
1
234
246
278
54
678
Middlesex,
27,216
269
264
28
561
230
15
1
4
250
163
151
17
331
Tolland,
20,091
211
189
7
407
141
19
6
8
174
138
137
13
288
Total,
370,792
4,175
3,901
226
8,302
2,616
236
14?
142
3,136
2,707
2,638 1251
5,596
Retreat for the Insane, Har\ford. — John S. Bu^pr, M. D., Physician and Superintend-
ent. The whole number of patients, April 1, 1852, was 181, of whom 88 were males and 93
females ; 140, 66 males and 74 females, were admitted in the course of the year ; making 321
in all, 154 of whom were males, and 167 females. 151 were discharged during the year,
leaving in the Retreat, April 1, 1853, 170 ; 80 of whom were males, and 90 females. Of the
151 patients discharged, 64 were recovered, 40 improved, 26 not improved, and 21 died.
Tlia wlii't^ Tiuiuber admitted, from the opening of the institution, in 1824, to April 1, 1853, is
3,453. 2,2^ bara been discharged ; of whom 1,267 have recovered, 778 have improved, and
343 hare died. Of the 66 males admitted during the past year, 21 were fiurmers ; and of the
74 feniiilK), £^l were engaged in domestic occupations. The expenditures of the institution
pt Lhe } ear were • 36,349.29.
The itircTi^ of admission are, for patients belonging to the State, with the usual accommo-
LlioiiSj $3 per week; for those belonging to other Sutes, $3.50 per week. Extra ac-
^tnmod^].jorj3j $ 4 or i 6 per week. For patients belonging to the State, with accommoda-
^lloria in iha centre building, and a separate attendant, 910 per week; for those belonging
~'- atbsr StiilflS] $12 per week. No patient is admitted for a shorter term than three
^nLhs, an^f payment for that term only must be made in advance. For admission, apply
thfr Suporintendent.
\ American Aiylutnfor the Deaf and Dumb, Hartford. —Lewis Weld, A.M., Principal.
'Tlie nuniber of pupils for the year ending May 1, 1853, was 200; of whom 116 were males,
ind SI Ttf m.ilea. Of these, 14 were supported by friends, 37 by the State of Maine, 15 by
Jiew HanjjJHliire, 22 by Vermont, 74 by Massachusetts, 6 by Rhode Island, 29 by CJonnecti-
fi'Ol, anfl Z iyy the asylum. The cost for each pupil, for board, washing, fuel, tuition, and
i(icLJent:x[ expenses of the school-room, is • 100 per annum. In sickness, the necessary
charp^ aro made. Payment must be made six months in advance, and a satisfactory
JJj&nd for pi:i]LMual payment will be required. Applicants for admission must be between 8
" as yoard of age, of good natural intellect, capable of forming and joining letters with a
^n legibly and correctly, of good morals, and free from any contagious disease. Applica-
tion* for the benefit of the legislative appropriations in Maine, New Hampshire, and Massa-
•i
1866.] NEW YORK. 248
choaetts should be nude to the Secretaries of those States respectirely, statini? the name and
age of the proposed beneficiary, and the circumstances of his parent or guardian. In the
State of Rhode Island they should be made to the commissionera of the funds for the educa-
tion of the deaf and dumb, and in Vermont and Connecticut, to the Governor. In all cases,
a certificate from two or more of the selectmen, magistrates, or other respectable inhabit-
ants of the township or place to which the applicant belongs, should accompany the appli-
cation. The tjme of admission is the close of the summer vacation, on the third Wednei-
day of September.
State Prison, Wetherafidd. —Leonard R. Welles, Warden ; R. Fox, Physician ; Charlea
C. Burr, Chaplain. The whole number ofxonvicta, April 1, 1853, was 181. During tha
year ending March 31, 1854, 75 were received, and 65di8charged ; leaving in confinement, 191.
41 were discharged by expiration of sentence, 9 were pardoned, and 15 have died. Of those
remaining in prison, 182 are males (145 white, and 37 colored), and 9 are females. Of the 191
prisoners, 14 were committed for murder, 10 for manslaughter, 11 for arson, 12 for attempt
to Icill, 55 for burglary, 20 for theft, 9 for horse-stealing, 3 for adultery, 6 for rape, 11 for
attempt at rape, 4 for passing counterfeit money, 3 for forgery. 23 were under 20 yeara of
age, and 7 were over 60 ; 90 were between 20 and 30. 25 are under a life sentence. 95 are
natives of the Sute, 36 are foreigners, and the nativity of 4 is unlcnown. The males are
employed in maldng cabinet-work, cutlery, and shoes; and the females in washing, cooking,
making and mending clothing, and binding boot«. By an act of 1852, the labor of 20 con-
victs was let out for five yeara at 45 cents each per day, to be employed in the manufacture
of school apparatus, and to be paid for in the same apparatus. There is a library belonging
to the prison of about 1,000 volumes, which are circulated among the prisonen every week.
Instruction in the rudiments of learning is also given them. There is a Sunday school con-
nected with the prison. The receipts for the year were •18,268.39; the expenditures,
1 14,085.85.
VII. NEW YORK.
Govemnuntfor the Year 1855.
Salary,
Mtron H. Clark, of OntarioCo., Gorenwr (term ends Dec. 31 , 1856), $ 4,000
Henry J. Raymond, of New York, Lieutenant' Governor^ $ 6 a day.
Elias W. Leavenworth, of Syracuse, Secretary of State^ 2,500
James M. Coolc, of Ballston, Comptroller^ 2,500
^ Elbridge G. Spaulding, of Bufialo, Treasurer, 1,5a0
Ogden Hofiinan, of New York, Attorney- General, 2^000
, Leonard Lathrop, of New York, Deputy Attorney- Gcnsrafj 1,200
John T. Clark, of Albany, State Engineer and SttrttyoTf 2,500
Isaac Vanderpoel, of Albany, Adjutant- General, 1^000
Benjamin J. Bond, of Albany, Inspector- General, $5 per day.
Daniel Lee, of New York, Commissary- Genere!, 700
Elijah Ward, of West Cheaier, Judge- /Idvocate- Gen fral, 150
Victor M. Rice, of. Albany, Sup' t of Public InsiraKiionf 2,500
Joseph J. Chambers, of Albany, Dep. Superintendent^ 1^500
Daniel B. St. John, of Albany, Sup't of Banking Drpartment, 2,500
Edward Hand, of Albany, Deputy Superintendent ^ 1,500
Henry Fitzhugh, of Oswego, Canal Commissioner^ 1,700
Frederic Follett, of Batavia, " " 1,700
Cornelius Gardinier, of Fulton, «« " 1,700
Norwood Bowne, of Delaware Co. Inspector of State PHfonft 1
344 K£W TOBK. [1855.
Dariuf Clark, of Canton, Inspector of Stale Prisons, $1,600
Thomas Kirkpatrick, of Albany, " " 1,600
Wm. J. Corn well, ofUtica, \ ($ 4 a day, and
Geo. H. Bougbton, ofLockport, ^ Canal Appraisers, I 5 cents a mile
Andrew H. Calhoun, of Ithaca, ) ( for travel, each.
Alexander G Johnson, of Albany, Dep. See. of Stale {r Clerk of
CommWs of the Land- Office, 1,500
Philip Phelps, of Albany, Dep. Comptroller, 1,500
Lock wood L. Doty, of Albany, Dep. Treasurer, 1,300
Marius Schoonmaker, of Albany, Auditor of Canal Department, 1,500
Henry S. Johnson, of Ithaca, Dep. Sup't of Common Schools, 1,000
Alfred B. Street, of Albany, Slate Librarian, 600
Elisha W. Skinner, of Albany, Assist, *' 600
Henry W. DePuy, of Albany, PrivaU Secretary of Governor, 600
Legislature.
The Senate consists of thirty- two members, who are elected for two
years, one from each senatorial district. The Assembly consists of one
hundred and twenty-eight members, elected annually. The pay of Sena-
tors and Representatives is $3 per day for not over 100 days, and $ 1 for
every 10 miles* travel.
Judiciary.
1. Court for the Trial of Impeachments.
This court is composed of the President of the Senate (who is president
of the court, and when absent the chief judge of the Court of Appeals pre-
sides), the Senators, or the major part of them, and the judges of the Court
of Appeals, or the greater part of them. It is a court of record, and, when
sumraori«rl, msets at Albany, and has for its clerk and officers the clerk and
offici^M of the Senate. If the Governor is impeached, the Lieutenant-Gov-
BTnoT cannot act as a member of the court. Two thirds of the members
presuat muat concur for conviction. The judgment of the court extends
only to removals from or disqualifications for office, or both ', the party be-
^ng Btill Uuble to indictment.
2. The Court of Appeals.
,' This court has full power to correct and reverse all proceedings and de-
kIohs of the Supreme Court, or of the old Supreme Court and Court of
Chancery. It is composed of eight judges, of whom four are elected (one
ftvery second year) by the people at large, for eight years, and four selected
«ach yciir from the justices of the Supreme Court having the shortest time
,i^ nervc^ These selections are made alternately from the first, third, fiflh,
^Qd Heveiith, and from the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth judicial dis-
iJrictR. The judge (of the four chosen at large) whose term first expires
. itreeidea as cJiief judge. Six judges constitute a quorum. Every cause
fbiiet bo decided within the year in which it is argued, and, unless re-
Afgueii, bcjfbre the close of the term afler the argument. Four terms must
be held e^ich year, and every two years there must be one term in each
Judicial dietrict. Each judge has a salary of $2,500 per annum. Th«
court ^r JS54 is thus constituted : —
1855.] NEW YORK. 245
Chosen by the People at Large, Term ezpiret.
Addison Gardiner, of Rochester, Chief Judge, Dec. 31, 1855.
Hiram Denio, ofUtica, " 1857.
Alexander S. Johnson, of New York, « 1859.
Charles H. Ruggles, of Poughkeepsie, «* 1861.
Selected from the Justices of the Supreme Court to serve until Dee. 31 , 1855.
Gilbert Dean, of* Poughkeepsie. Schuyler Crippen, of Cooperstown.
Augustus C. Hand, of Elizabethtown. Richard P.Marvin, of Jamestown.
Francis Kernan, of Utica, State Reporter. Salary, $ 2,000.
Benjamin F. Harwood, of Albany, Clerk, Salary, $ 2,000.
Russell F. Hicks, of Albany, Deputy Clerk, Salary, $ 1,200.
3. Supreme and Circuit Courts,
The Supreme Court has general jurisdiction in law and equity, and power
to review judgments of the County Courts, and of the old Courts of Com-
mon Pleas. For the election of the justices, t|ie State is divided into eight
judicial districts, each of which elects four to serve eight years, with an
annual salary of $ 2,500. In each district one justice goes out of office
every two years. The justice in each district whose term first expires, and
who is not a judge of the Court of Appeals, is a presiding justice of the
court, and the clerks x>f the several counties serve as clerks. At least
four general terms of the Supreme Court are held in each district every
year. Every county has each year at least one special term, and two Cir-
cuit Courts. Any three or more of the jui^tices (including one presiding
justice) hold the general terms; and any one or more hold the special
terms, at which are heard all equity cases, and Circuit Courts, which are
held exclusively for the trial of issues of fact.
Justices of the Supreme and Circuit Courts,
Jusiices. Residence. Tarm «xpim&
Fi/tft DistricL
Wm. F. Allen, Oswego, Bsc. 31 j 18^.
Justices. Residence. Term expires.
First District.
Henry P. Edwards, New York, Dec. 31, 1855
Wm. Mitchell, New York, "
1857.
James J. Roosevelt, New York, "
1859.
Robert H Morris, New York,
Thomas W. Gierke, New York, "
• 1861.
Second Diatnct.
Gilbert Dean,* Poughkeepsie, "
1856.
John W. Brown, Poughkeepsie, "
1857.
Selah B. Strong, SeUuket, <'
1859.
William Rockwell, Brooklyn, "
1861.
Third District.
Amasa J. Parker, Albany, "
1855.
W. B. Wright, MonticeUo, "
1857.
Ira Harris, Albany, "
1859.
Malbone Watson, CatskiU,
1861.
Fourth District.
Augustus C. Hand, Elizabethtown, "
1865.
L. F. Bowen, "
1857.
Cornelius L-AUen, Salem,
1859.
J0^ James, Ogdensburg, "
1861.
Fred. W. Hubbard, Watertown,
" im.
Daniel Pratt, Syracuse,
" 1B59,
William J. Bacon, Utica,
" 1S61.
Sixth DistricL
Schuyler Crippen, Coopersto wn ,
" ims.
W. H. Shankland, Ithaca,
'* 1857.
Hiram Gray, Elmira,
'' ]m9.
Charles Mason, Hamilton,
" lyei,
Seventh District.
Samuel L. Selden, Rochester,
" 1855,
Thomas A. John8on,Coming,
" lEur,
Theron R. Strong, Palmyra,
" J8dJJ.
Henry WeUes, Pennyan,
" IBSl.
Eighth District,
Rich. P. Marvin, Jamestown,
'^ ]m.
Levi Bowen, Lockport,
" imz
James Mullett, Bufialo,
" tfim.
Benjamin F.Greene,Buflklo,
*' mu
* Appointed in place of Seward Barculo, deceased.
21*
146 VKW TOBK. [1855. .
4. County or SurrogaUs* Courts.
When the real estate, or all the defendants, or all tlie parties interested,
are in the county, the jarisdiction of the County Courts extends to actions
of debt, assumpsit, and covenant, when the debt or damages claimed are not
above $2,000 ; to actions fi>r injury to the person or trespass upon property,
where the damafes are not above $ 500 ; and to replevin suits, where the
proper^ claimed Is not above $ 1,000. They have equity jurisdiction for
the foreclosure of mortgages ; for the sale of the real estate of infants; for
partition of lands ; for admeasurement of dower ; for the satisfaction of
judgments where above $ 75 is due on an unsatisfied execution ; and for
the care and custody of lunatics and habitual drunkards. The Surrogates'
Courts have the ordinary jurisdiction of courts of probate.
5. Crimmal CourU.
These are the Courts of Oyer and Terminer and the Court of Sessions.
The Courts of Oyer and Terminer, in each county, except in the city and
county of New York, are composed of a justice of the Supreme Court, who
presides, the county judge, and the two justices of the peace chosen mem-
bers of the Court of Sessions. The presiding justice and any two of the
others form a quorum. In the city and county of New York, they are
composed of a justice of the Supreme Court, who presides, and any two of
the following officers : judges of the Court of Common Pleas of the city
and county ; the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of said city. These courts
are all held at the same time and place at which the Circuit Courts are held.
Courts of Sessions are composed of the county judge and the two justices
of the peace designated as members of the Court of Sessions, and are held
at the same time and place as the County Courts.
6. Courts ofJfew York City and County,
Superior Court,
Judges. SalsTf. Term ezpirBS. Judges. Salary. Term expires.
JohnSloasen, $4,000 Dec 31, 1866. Wm.W. CampbeU,* $3,500 Dec. 31,1866.
Thomas J. Oakley, *' " 1857. J. L. Mason, " " 1867.
Murray Hoffinan, •* " 1869. JohnDuer, " " 1850.
Robert G. Campbell, Cltrk. A. Oakley Hall, Ditriet Attomey.
Common Pleas.
Lewis a Woodruff, $3^0001)00.31,1865. Charles P. Daly, $ 3,000, Dec 31, 1869.
Daniel P. Ingraham, " " 1857. Robert B. ConoUy, O^ife.
Alex. W. Bradford, SurrogaU. Salary, $3,000. Term expires Dec 31, 1867.
John J. Doane, Regitter. *
Marine Court.
Albert A. Thompson, Judge. Salary, $3,000. Florence McCarthy, Judge. Salary, $3,000.
/Alfred A. Phillips, " "
Recorder. City Judge.
r James M. Smith, Jr. Salary, $ 3,000. Sidney H. Stewart. Salary, $ 3,600.
EducaHon. — The amount of capital and annual rerenue of the sereral funds m>propriat-
ed to the purposes of education, for the year ending September 30, 1863, was as follows: —
• Judgss Campb^, Mason, and Duer attend only to cases transferred fiom the Sup
jCour^..,.
1855.] NEW TOBK. M7
Capital. Rerenue.
Common School Fund, $2,383,257.23 1465,888.50
United Sutea Deposit Fund, 4,014,620.71 256,227.66
Literature Fund, 269,060.12 53.70103
• 6,666,868.06 • 776,8i 7.09
Common Sehooh. — Of the funds devoted to education, what was exclusively the Common
School Fund in 1853 may be stated as follows :—
Ftadoctire capital of the Common School Fund, $9,388^7.23
Amount from United States Deposit Fund which will produce $166,000,
the sum annually appropriated therefrom, for the support of Common
Schools, at six per cent, interest, 2,760,000.00
Amount from same fund which will produce at six per cent. $ 26,000 an-
nually, that being the sum reserved by the constitution to be added annu*
aUy to the capital of the School Fund, 416,666.67
Malcing a total of $6,549,923.93
The annual interest on this sum, at six per cent., is $332,995. The balance of the in-
come of the United States Deposit Fund is appropriated to the support of Colleges, Acad-
emies, the Normal School, Indian Schools, Teachers' Institute, &c. The income of the
Literature Fund must, by the constitution, be applied to the support of Academies.
The whole amount of puUic money received from all sources by the Commissioners of
cities, and town Superintendents, during the year ending July 1, 1863, was $1,623,376.60.
Apportioned for teachers' wages, $ 1,273,426.49 ; for libraries, $ 49,499.39. Leaving a balance
ibrcontingentezpense8,&c of $302,450.62. The amount of taxes levied during the year,
exclusive of the city and county of New York, for purchasing school-houses was $ 33,877.16 ;
for building do. $203,118.33; for hiring do. $3,760.82; repairing do. $68,141.17; insur-
ing do. $6,316.84; fuel, $92,248.35; boolcs, apparatus, &c., $8,976.73. The amount paid
for teachers' wages, besides public money, was $595,336.74. Aggregate expenditures for
school purposes during the year, $2,469,248.62.
SUatittica qfthe Common Schools for the Year ending July 1, 1853. Whole nnmbflr of
districts, the school-houses of which are situated within the town, ll^fM. NumlKf of
whole districts in the State, 8,78a Number of parts of districts, 6,992. Eqiutpb wem n-
ceived from 8,665 whole and 6,717 parts of diatricU. Average length ol Bchool!i in all the
districts, 7.9 months. Volumes in district libraries, 1,604,210. 86G,Qar> chtlrlren were
taught during the year. 1,160,632 were returned between 4 and 21 years n( a^^ lS!i,7^B
pupils attended school less than 2 months; 179,407 attended 2 monthi nhU [tw ibani;
166,458, 4 and less than 6; 119,809, 6 and less than 8; 62,349,8 and len than 10] I I .'.
10 and leas than 12 ; and 3,265 attended school for 12 months. There are 1 , C^"^ cot^ i ( i \o'
dren between 4 and 21 in the 28 colored schools reported. $3,745.49 of public mont^y wris
received on account of colored schools, and, besides pyblic money, $ 1,851^21 w^rc paid for
teachera' wages. Number of unincorporated, select, and private schoals r(>porie[d in liie
districts, 1,617. Average number of pupila therein, 36,844. There are, basldcf, »chnol» for
the instruction of Indian children in the several reservations. —About 260 aueail lYte Noj-mal
School at Albany annually. In September, 1863, there were 273 pupils m i|]<] erhool, ^
males and 188 females. The whole number of graduates is 692,361 malea and ail l^cnnAlc««
In this school in 1862-63, 16 Indian youth, 16 males and 1 female, were laugiu to pr^pai^*
them for teachers among their own people. Nearly every county in the ^le is reiire^iiftiiitdd.
in this school. The miscellaneous library in 1862 consisted of 769 volumu^ and I '27 jmti*
phleu ; that of tex^book8 of 6,464 volumes. The expensee of the school fcir iha ycM y^n
near $ 14,862.73. Mr. Samuel & Woolworth is Principal of the school.
FlITANCES.
Debt of the State. The general Amd and railroad debt, at the close of the riical yt^r sod^
ing September 30, 1863, was $6,366,664.37; the canal debt was $ 16,501, 2GU.1G: canst reVK-
a§m certificates under the law of 1861, $ 1,600,000 ; malcing an aggregate ef $ 23.3^/J^.^.
—on which accrues, annually, nearly $ 1,320,000 interest. There is also a c^milngent dJe^,
248 NEW YORK. [1855.
contUting of Suae stock and compiroUer's bonds, of $931 ,644.83, upon which the Sute does
not pay interest. This will make the total indebtedness of the Sute • 24,288,668.36.
The propeny of the State, in addition to the educational funds mentioned above, consists
of the works of internal iroprorement, which, at their cost raluation (i. e. the amount
expended upon them to 1851), are worth 135,115,237.75. But the whole amount of tolls de-
rired (h)m them during the year 1851 was $ 3,179,145.7a This is six per cent. Interest upon
1 52,985.763, which may be taken as the worth of the works of the State. The arerage net
annual income for the fire years ending SepUmber 30, 1851, is $ 2,518,044^7, which is equal
to a capital of •41,967,414.60, at six per cenu interest. The amount of debt incurred for
their construction and yet unpaid, Is as sUted abore, $15,501,209.16, in addition to the
1 1,500,000 of canal revenue certificates. The taxable property of New York in 1853 was
1 1,266,666.190, being 1 1,015,762,791, the assessed value of 28,048,845 acres of real estate,
and •219,720,727 of personal esute. The State and county taxes were •7,969,279.57 ; the
town taxes, •1,357,484.40. Total taxation, • 9,326,763.97, — making the rate of State,
county, and town jlaxes, 7.3 mills on a • 1 valuation. The highest rate was 18.1 mills on
• 1, in Hamilton County ; the lowest, 2.4* mills in Rockland County.
General Fund, on which are charged the ordinary Espenaea of Government.
Revenue for the year ending Sept. 30, 1853, •801,139.54
Expenditures during same period, •1,032,008.97
Deficiency Sepu 30, 1852, 188,343.53
1,220,352.50
Deficiencyofrevenueonhand, September 30, 1853, 419^12.96
Increaseofdeficiency for year ending, September 30, 1853, .... 230,869.43
Ordinary expenditures for 1853 exceeded receipts, 230,869.33
The amount received and expended at the Treasury during the year was as follows : —
BaUnce, October 1, 1852, •1,499,147 89
Receipu from all sources from October 1, 1852, to September 30, 1853, . 5.653,323 63
7,152,471.42
Payments during same period, 5,911,774.6 7
Balance, September 30, 1853, • 1,240,696.75
Chief Sourtfs of Income to General Fund.
Awtiion duty, . . . • 94,443.14
I Ball (July ^ 62,159.85
I of ScCTcttiTy'a office,
ddlers' Ikunaos, . . . 1,595.00
91 ^n mfluraiica companies, . 621.48
plu4 rdveniue of canals, annual
pfiTuprialiiJii 200,000.00
Blax, . . . . . 260,864.50
larLimJ, .... 48,928.40
ilempLion a( luncl sold for taxes, 6,585.39
arst of dotiniy taxes, . . 57,730.31
Ht on tirr^nm of county taxes, 13,674.88
ktti? Dtparinnjnt, . . 18,770.87
aJlmeooa rotoi pts, . . 9,710.76
Prindpat heme of Expenditure.
miv*, 48,376.41
Judiciary 101,932.26
lilnturti, .... 138,844.15
laeary'a ^Icpartment, . 9,404.06
mmntal • 978.00
Fugitives from Justice, . , 2,911.81
Apprehension of criminals, . . 1,134.95
Slate Normal School, Indian youth, 1 ,000.00
4,194.25 Reformation of juvenile delinquents, 29,000.00
Slate printing, .... 135,363.95
Deaf and dumb, .... 29,223.08
Blind 1U51.40
Agricultural societies, . . . 7,762.00
Onondaga Salt Springs, . . 24,826.70
Slate Prisons, .... 101,637.20
Slate Library, .... 47,050.00
Postage, 1,862.24
Hospitals, 24,300 00
House of Refuge for Western N. Y., 22,000.00
Orphan Asylums in Slate, . . 35,300.00
State Lunatic Asylums, . . 23,373.75
Asylum for idiots, . . . 12,546.73
Eye and ear infirmary, . 1,000.00
New York Volunteers, . . 15,062.00
Geological survey, . . . 13,463 63
Miscellaneous, .... 69,976.59
Mii^i^. — TTione were in the State doing business, December 1, 1863, 60 incorporated
l«Kk», id^ iMiftt Bwociatlons, and 94 individual bankers. 60 banking associations and 8
4«dl«1%tiiiil bunkera deposited securities and commenced the busiuess of banking during the
1855.]
NEW TOBK.
249
year. The following statement shows the conditions of these banks, banking associations,
and indiridual t>ankers, Sept. 17, 1853. Resources. — Loans and discounts, $ 145,767,770 ;
due from brokers, « 3,900,349 ; real estate, 95,061,745; bonds and mortgages, •6,198,229;
stocks, $20,787,197; specie, •12,909,249; cash items, $17,654,305; bills of other banks,
$3,207,^; due from banks $13,042,264. Z.»a6i/t7te8. — Capital, $76,692,075; profits,
$10,233,894; circulation,— notes not registered, $335,628, — registered, $32,427,022; de-
positors, $77,167,075; due banks, $28,262,667; due State Treasurer, $1,640^; other
does, $4,417,283.
The amount of circulating notes issued to individual bankers and banking associations
outstanding Dec. 1, 1853, was $23,743,716; to redeem which the Superintendent of the
Banking Department had securities amounting to $24,886,737.30, made up of bonds and
mortgages, $ 5,777,577.39 ; New York State stocks, $10,962,172 42; canal rerenue certifi-
cates, $1,403,500; Illinois State stocks, $646,687.83; Arkansas do. $327,000; Michi-
gan do. $172,000; United States stocks, $5,339,149.02; cash, $ 253,650.64. The %mount
of mutilated notes returned to the Bank Department for destruction during the year was
$ 9,174,924, being an average of more than $ 29,000 for each business day in the year. One^
bank (the Farmers' Bank of Onondaga) failed to redeem its circulation. The securities
held in trust by the superintendent were sold at public sale, converted into cash, and a
dividend of 85 per cent, was paid to bill holders. The bonds and mortgages were sold at a
large discount. The bank was not one of discount and deposit, but of mere circulation.
The New York city banks now make their returns weekly. The following table shows
their condition since July 1, 1854.
Week ending
Loans
and Discounts.
Specie.
Circulation.
Deposits.
July . I*,
$88,608,491
$11,130,800
$ 9,068,253
$71,457,984
8lh,
88,347,231
12,267,318
9,195,757
72,n8443
15ih,
90,437,004
15,074,093
8,837,681
75,227,333
22d, '
92,011,870
15,720,309
8,76«,289
75,959,082
29th,
92,588,579
15,386,864
8,756,777
74,790,656
Augusu 5th,
93,723,141
14,468,981
9,124,648
76,378487
12th,
93,435.057
13,522,023
8,917,179
74,620,389
19th,
92,880,103
91,447:075
14,253,972
8,855,523
73,^>8
26th,
14,395,072
8,811,369
73,731 ;i 79
September 2d.
91,391,188
14,714,618
8,934,632
n^Gj7^
9th,
91,528,244
14,446,317
8,968,707
7^S3|,235
16th,
91,639 782
14,4S4,2o9
8,820,609
74,467,701
S?'
92,095,911
'2'??'2^
8,802,623
7a,93?,4S3
30th,
92,102,013
12,042,244
8,712,136
71,795,423
October 7th,
91,380,525
10,630,517
8,918,492
70,2S5,filO
14th,
88,618,936
11,130,377
8,534,188
69,141,597
21st,
87,092,810
10,320,163
8,497,556
65,627,^8(1
28th,
84,709,236
9,826,763
8,131,933
65!,79i^,637
Norember 4th,
83,369,101
10,004,686
8,238.126
62,229,011
11th,
82,717,052
10,472,538
8,197,444
61,662,;^
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Neto York, — Harvey P. Peet^ Frcaident- Kum*
her of pupils Dec. 31, 1852, 260; lea during the year, 44; admitted, 62; whoFa nLmt^r,
Dec. 31, 1853, 278. Of these 192 were supported by New York; 16 by ihe cily of New
York ; 17 by New Jersey ; 33 by their friends ; and 19 by the InstitutioHn Tbe time &r ad-
mission is the first Wednesday in September; terms, $130 per annum fot each pupil,
clothing and travelling expenses excepted, to be paid semiannually in advance, and satisfac-
tory security for punctual payment of bills and clothing, which, if desired, la furnished by
the Institution at an additional charge of $30 a year. The receipts of the Institution
from all sources for the year were $44,256.07. Expenditures, including balance iaat y^at^
due the treasurer, of $ 5,272.90, $ 47,717.60. Due the treasurer, $ 3,461 .53.
State Prisons, at Sing Sing, Auburn, and Clinton. —The whole number of con ^ lets in
these prisons, Dec 1, 1852, was f,837. Received during the year, 685; dl!4:hnrg«d durlt^
the year, by expiration of sentence, 412; by death by disease, 40; by escape, 3; tiy panJon,
sean
250 NEW YORK. [1855.
127; to Lanatic Asjluro, 3; by reversal of judgment, 4; tent to House of Refuge, 1 ; in
all, 592. Remaining in prison, Dec. 1, 1853, 1,952, of whom 10} were females. There were
tliree birtlis in the female prison during the year.
The daily average of all the three prisons was 1,916. There were 101 female jponricts
In Sing Sing at the end of the year. The number of punishments in all the prisons is not
reported. The punishments were the shower-bath, cropping the hair, confinement in a dark
cell, yolring, buclcing, and wearing ball and chain. Of the 659 received at Sing Sing and
Auburn, 265 were for grand larceny, 47 for petit larceny, 131 for burglary, 18 for robbery,
8 for arson, 42 for forgery, 9 for manslaughter, 9 for rape, 44 for felonious assaults, 6 for
bigamy, 8 for incest, 18 for counterfeiting, 7 for receiving stolen goods, 8 for carrying
slung shot. 6 are sentenced for life, 51 for periods between 10 and 20 years, 102 for 5 and
under 10 years, and the remainder for shorter periods. 5 were under 16 years of age, 145
between 16 and 20, 23 were over 50. 636 were natives and 303 were foreigners. The average
cost of each daily ration at Sing Sing is neariy 8.625 cents ; at Auburn, 7.875 cents ; and at
Clinton, 8.5 cents. At the Auburn prison the receipts were 992,125.56 Expenditures,
994,753.67. Excess of expenditures, 92,628.11. At Sing Sing the receipts were 9110,553.05.
Expenditures, 9 120,818.73. Deficiency, 9 10,265.68. At Clinton, receipts, 9 47,847 26. Ex-
penditures, 9 49,499.00. Excess of expenditures, 9 1 ,651 .74.
State Lunatic Asylum, Utica. — N. D. Benedict, Superintendent. The number of patients
at the commencement of the year (Dec. 1, 1852) was425, — 215 males, 210 females; ad-
mitted during the year, 424, — 251 males, 173 females; whole number treated during the
year, 849,-466 males, 383 females. Discharged during the year, 403, — 227 males, 176
females. Remaining Nov. 30, 1853, 446,-239 males, 207 females. Of those discharged,
169, 95 males and 74 females, were recovered ; 21, 11 males and 10 females, were much im-
proved ; 45, 26 males and 19 females, were improved ; unimproved, 129, — 76 males, 53 females ;
died 39, — 19 males, 20 females. Toul admissions since asylum was opened^ July 16, 1843,
3,923. Discharged, 3,477. Discharged recovered, 1,625; much improved, 55; improved,
593 ; unimproved, 753 ; died, 446. Of the 424 admitted during the lasjt year, 215 were
married, 185 single, 10 widowers, and 14 widows. 69 were farmers; 25 farm laborers; 52
laborers; 11 merchants; 10 carpenters ; 65 housekeepers; 84 employed at housework; 14
seamstresses. 64 were made insane by intemperance and vice ; 67 by masturbation ; 14
bf tpifiLqal rappings ; 30 by domestic trouble. The percentage of recoveries on the whole
Dumtwr nf admissions since the opening of the asylum, is 41.42 per cent., and on the average
lUinber of patients 40.90 percent. The receipts during the year were 9 114,807.42. Ex-
irllLurod, 9 112,246.37. Balance in treasury, 9 2,561.05.
PfiiipfrUm, — Paupers relieved or supported during the year ending Dec. 1, 1853, 130,027 ;
Warily p,i'ipers, 112,058; town paupers, 10,452; received into poorhouses, 28,129. The
iiAiWiiy iyf 90,711 is reported: of these 53,198 are males, and 46,513 are females. 66 are
^ti^nvt p.^rsDhs; 40,329 are natives of the United Sutes ; 40,993 natives of Ireland ; 4,384
jjf Eiii^lrtml; 1,128 of Scotland; 9,421 of Germany; 774 of France; 1,795 of Canada. The
foluE E^nor house expenses were 9641,595.57; do. of temporary relief, 9367,793.08; total ex-
^ 1,009,747.65. Value of labor of paupers, 965,230.76. Expenses of each pauper
lyond turnings per year, 9 37.86, or .725 cents per week.
Joini Slack Fire Insurance Companiea. — For the year ending Dec. 31, 1853. Capital,
||13.30(j,iXV), Loaned on bonds and mortgages, 912,773,084.25. State and United States
tllackj^, 8 3a.V03.60. Cash, 9965,633.99. Total assets, 9 16,039,338.96. Total liabilities,
line:] ul) ill',' losses and dividends, unpaid and borrowed money, — the amount at risk is not
||Tfo^ — *H, 304,475.38. Income, including premiums, 94,720,945.14. Expenditures, in-
Cbjnri: 3 1,732,072.14, losses, and 9 1,502,273.99, paid dividends, 94,128,279.79.
1855.] NEW JERSEY. ^51
VIII. NEW JERSEY.
GovemmerU for the Year 1855.
Term expires. Salary.
Rodman M. Price, of Hoboken, Governor, January, 1856, $1,800 & fees.
Thomas S. Allison, of Trenton, Secretary of State, 500 &> fees.
R.M.Smith, of Hightstown, Treamrer, $ 1,000 and fees.
John H. Phillips, of Pennington, Superintendent of Public Schools, 500
Wm. C. Alexander, of Mercer Co., Pres. of the Senate, $ 4.00 a day.
John W.Fennimore, of Burlington, Speaker of the Jissembly, 4.00 a day.
Samuel A. Allen, of Salem Co., Secretary of the Senate, 3.50 a day.
David W. Dellicker, of Somerset Co., Clerk of the Assembly ^ 3.50 a day.
Judiciary.
Court of Errors and Appeals,
This court is composed of the Chancellor, the judges of the Supreme
Court, and six other judges appointed by the Governor, with the consent
of the Senate, who hold office for six years, one judge vacating his seat
each year in rotation. The court holds stated terms at Trenton, on the
second Tuesday in March, and third Tuesday in June and November.
The Governor, Chancellor, and the six judges of the Court of Errors and
Appeals, constitute the pardoning power. A major part of them, of whom
the Governor shall be one, may remit fines and forfeitures, and grant par-
dons, afler CQUviction, in all cases except impeachment.
Term expires.
Caleb H. Valentine, of Warren Co , Judge, 1854.
John M. Comelison, of Hudson Co., " 1855.
Joseph L. Risley, of Salem Co., " 1856.
MoTOs Wills, of Burlington Co., " 1^57,
Thomas A rrowsmith, of Monmouth Co., " IrtTid.
John Huyler, of Bergen Co., " J 859.
Court of Chancery,
The Chancellor is appointed by the Governor, with the con^ont of i he-
Senate, for seven years. This court holds three terms annually Ht Trooton,
on the first Tuesday in February, and third Tuesday in May and Ociobor,
Term expires. SrJary.
Benj. Williamson, of Elizabethtown, Chancellor, 1859, $ 1,800 cind fct^s,
Daniel B. Bodine, of Trenton, Clerk, 1856, Fogs.
Supreme Court,
The judges are appointed by the Governor, with the consebt ofiJie Sgw-
ate, for seven years. This court holds three terms each year at Trcntfm^
on the fourth Tuesday in February, and the first Tuesday in Jtitfo eihiI No-
vember; and the judges of this court hold Circuit Courts j^iul Courts of
Oyer and Terminer three times a year in each county, excf:pt Uik countleB
of Atlantic and Cape May, in which only two terms are held. CourtA of
Common Pleas are held three times a year in each county, liy judges tip-
pointed by the Legislature for five years, who receive fees, hul no Halnry,
and the number of whom is limited to five in each county.
252
NEW JKR8ET.
[1855.
Term expires. Salary.
of Trenton, Chief Juttice^ 1860, $1,500 and fees.
ofPateraon, Associate Justice^ 1855, 1,400 and fees,
of Hamburg, Associate Justice^ 1859, $1,400 and fees,
of Trenton, " 1859, 1,400 and fees.
ofBridgeton, ** 1859, 1,400 and fees,
of SaJem, AUomey- General, 1857, 80 and fees,
of Trenton, Clerk, 1857, Fees,
of Trenton, Reporter^ 1858, $200
FiVANCBS.
Balance on hand, January 1, 1853, $7,698.98
Whole amount receired in 1853, 151,877.75
• 159,576.73
Whole amount expended, 150.76a48
BalanceinTreaaury, January 1, 1854, •8,816.25
Henry W. Green,
Elias B. D. Ogden,
Daniel Haines,
Stacy G. Potts,
LuciasQ. C. Elmer,
Rich. P. Thompson,
William M. Force,
A. O. Zabriskie,
Prin. Items of Expenditure to Jan. 1, 1854.
Support of deaf, dumb, and blind, • 6,4O1.80| CMef Sources of Income to Jan. 1, 1854.
Salaries of Exscutire and Judiciary, 16,350.00 Transit duties on railroads and ca.
State Prison, 9,826.07
Transportation of prisoners and costs, 9,448.
Legislature. .... 18,955.66
Court of Errors and Appeals,
Incidental account.
$7,819.69
, •107,173.00
Diridenda on stock of railroads and
canals 21,000.00
3,723.00 Taxes on capital stock, . . 13,159.60
Interest on bonds of Camden and
Amboy Railroad, .
State Prison surplus earnings.
Peddlers' licenses.
2,470.83
6,000.00
1,325.00
637.64
Printing 7,371.05
Pensions, . . ... . 935.75
Commissioners lor House of Refuge, 8,847.37
Managers of Lunatic Asylum, . 8,392.50
Public Schools, .... 40,000.00
Library, 876.05
State Debt, — The whole amount of the absolute debt of the State January 1,
1^^, WAA, •65,000.00
Annual I iltere^t upon absolute debt -. 3,900.00
^The mlul en he productive property owned by the Sute in 1854 was . . 262,174.12
lie vulue of Lha State property not now productive, consisting of the surplus
[ re trriitia leal ID the counties without interest, 764,670.60
liole aniouni of productive School Fund owned by the State, • 384,873.74
Tliere]<»bsiides unavailable the sum of .... 11,169.85
Wlule amount of School Fund, . . . . . . •395,043.f9
Common Schools, Year ending December^ 1853. — Number of townships in the State,
\^Wt nLiinber af townships making returns, 166; number of districts in those townships,
1,413; rcTurna received from 1,331. Children between 5 and 18, 161,611 ; children attending
Vhcion inoni lit, 41,402; 6 months, 39,145; 9 months, 36,143 ; 12 months, 22,771 ; colored
lildren lau^ht, 2,288 ; whole number of children taught, 97,137. Average length of schools
^moiithtf, ^ ; average price of tuition per quarter to each pupil, 92.12. Amount raised
(jQ Buppor; schools, •182,297.28; received from the Stale, • 76,847.55 <, from other
i 3 4rt/.>'^6.30 ; total amount appropriated or received for school purposes, •325,219.39.
ncicTiber of teachers, 1,757,-1,129 males and 628 females. Salary of males per
SI ^f- females, •205.
^md. — The available school fund, January 1, 1854, was •384,873.74. There is,
due tha school fund, but unavailable, the sum of •11,169.85. The receipts of the
urln? I lie joar, including balance of cash, January 1, 1863, were •64,347.74. By the
I hn CI f 4^1 • 40,000 are appropriated to the use of schools from the school fund, and
ti.W^OLHj fr>!rj i h«f Slate Treasury, which sum of • 80,000 is apportioned among the counties
ij|Kni ifiQ Ij^la of population. .
lalj^la of
1855.] naaroxLYANiA. 253
Bonis, Juljf 1, 18531 — ThecB are X banks (6 organited under the geoeral banking law),
all of which made retaroa. In these banks there was capital, • 4,593,490.25 ; circulation,
•4,232,800; deposits, $3,821,660.52; due other banks. $441, 1M.96: surplus, $715,183.38;
discounts and biUs receivable, $10,371,853.72; due from other banks, $790,18267; specie,
$1,032,788.50; real estate, $254,201.95; bonds and mortgages, stocks, Ac, $715,183.38.
Arerage dividend, 8.12 per cent.
A general banking law was passed February 27, 1850. Under its proTisioos, up to 31si
December, 1864, 15 banking associations hare been organized, and were in operation. Their
circulation at that date was S 977,682 ; and the city and Sute stocks deposited as securities
to redeem the same amounted to $979,959.
Siau ftunatie Ajn/lum, TVenlen. — R A. Buttolph, M. D., Superintendent. The Asy^
lorn was opened for the admission of patienU, May 15, 1848, although the building was not
then entirely completed. January 1, 1853, there were in the Asylum 182 patients (91 males
and 91 females). Received during the year, 119 (56 males and 63 females); 96 were dis-
charged ; leaving, January 1, 1854, 205 (93 males and 107 females). There were under treat*
ment during the year, 301. Of the 96 discharged, 63 (27 males and 26 females) were re-
covered; 22 (9 males and 13 females) were improved; 4 were stationary; and 17 (10 males
and 7 females) died. The expenses of the Asylum for the year were $32,836.13. The re-
ceipts, $ 32,815.61. Excess of receipts, $9.33. Of the receipts, $ 5,070 were appropriated
by the State.
Terms. — Board per week, for those supported at public charge, $2; for those supported
by friends, $ 3 and upwards, according to the nature of the case and their ability to pay. A
bond is required in the penal sum of $500, to pay all chA^es for board, kc., and also to pay
Bot exceeding $50 for such damages to the property of the Asylum as may be done by the
patienL
Stat9 Prison, TVen/oa — Wm. B. Vanderveer, keeper. Moral instructor, Rev. Sylvanna
W. Decker. Physician, Dr. John L. Taylor. Number of prisoners, December SI, 1862, 197;
received during the year, 141 ; total, 338. Discharged during the year, by expiration of
sentence, 76; by pardon, 40; by death, 5; in all, 121. Remaining in prison, December
31, 1353, 217; white males, 173, and females, 3; colored males, 38, a»d females, 3. 8 were
committed for manslaughter, 9 for murder in the second degree, 11 for rape, 4 for forgery,
11 for burgUiry, 42 for larceny, 42 for violent assaults, and 11 for robbery. 82 wart uativw
of New Jersey, 23 of New York, 26 of Pennsylvania, and 68 were foreign trs. The loMj?eil
sentence is for 20. years, and 3 are under that sentence; 1 is a sixth-coifter ; S nre fowrvh-
comers. Earnings of the prison, $19,132.50; expenses, $15,427.97; Imkiica, t!^JtH.53.^
There are 1,090 volumes in the library of the prison, which are distributed pmuog llii
prisoners once in two weeks.
IX. PENNSYLVANIA.
Government for the Year 1855.
Term expiroiH Ka^arJ
James Pollock, of Northmnberland Co., Governor, J smuary^ 1658^ §t3,:^00
Charles A. Blacki of Greene Co., Sec. of State fy Sup. Com. Schools^ 1,700
E.S.Goodrich, of Bradford Co., Deputy Secretary of Staity l/i<
John M. Bickel, of Schuylkill Co., State Treasurer, 1,700'
Ephraim Banks, of Mifflin Co., Auditor-General, 1^(10
J. Porter Brawley, of Crawford Co., Surveyor^ General, • li'^Ofl
Thomas J. Rehrer, of Berks Co., Dep'y Surveyor-Ghieral^ ^iQptl^-
Geo. W. Bowman, of Bedford Co., Adjutant- General,
Byron D. Hamlin, of M'Kean Co., Speaker of the Senate.
£. B. Chase, of Susquehana Co., Speaker of the House*
• A new Speaker will be elected at the meeting in January, ISuS.
29
254 FBMKSTLYANIA. [1855.
Tenn expires. Salny.
W. Hopkins, Pres., of Washington Co., J January, 1856, \
ThoB. H. Forsyth, of Philadelphia Co., > £*"ti '* 1857, ( f^
Henry S.Mott, of , J ^'"- « 1858, j"^*^'
Judiciary.
By the amended Constitution, all judges are now elected by the people.
The judges of the Supreme Court are chosen at large, and for a term of
fifteen years. The one having the shortest term to serve is chief justice.
The resident judges of the several Courts of Common Pleas and other courts
of record, and all other judges required to be learned in the law, are elected
by the electors of the districts over which they are to preside, and for a
term of ten years. The associate justices of the Common Pleas hold their
offices for five years. All judges hold office for their term during good be-
havior. For reasonable cause, though not sufficient grounds for impeach-
ment, the Governor may remove them upon the address of two thirds of
each branch of the Legislature. Any vacancy among the judges arising
from any cause, is filled by appointment by the Governor, the incumbent
holding office until the first Monday in December succeeding the next sub-
sequent genera] election. During their continuance in office the judges of
the Supreme Court must reside within the Commonwealth, and the other
judges in the district or county for which they were elected.
The District Courts are invested with the civil jurisdiction of the Com-
mon Pleas in their respective districts, in all cases exceeding a certain
amount.
Supreme Court.
Term ezpires. Salary.
Ellis Lewis, of Lancaster, Chirf Justice, Nov. 17, 1857, $ 1,600
Waller H. Lc^wrie, o^AWef^eny, Associate Justice^ ** 1860, 1,600
Geo.W>Woodward,ofLuzerneCo., •« " " 1863, 1,600
JoKn C. Knoi, of Tioga Co., «« «« " 1866, 1,600
fjer^miaU S. li lack, of Somerset Co., " «« «« 1869, 1,600
Francis VV. Hughes, of Schuylkill Co., Attorney-General^ 1855, 300 & fees.
Ijeorije W. Harris, of Daujihin Co., Reporter of Su'
preme Court Decisions, July, 1855, Fees.
Efibcrt Tyler^ Prothonotary for the Eastern District, "
John Coyle, « " Western " ««
^William H. Miller, «« «« Middle «« «
^ 3barJe» F. Pleasants, «* *' Northern " "
District Court for the City and County of Philadelphia,
pGeorgR SImrswood, President, Dec, 1861, $2,500
George M. Stroud, Associate^ " 2,500
I J. J. Clark Hare, " " 2,500
District Court for the County of Allegheny.
Mofl^H H=iMipton, President, Dec, 1861, 2,000
Henry VV, Williams, Associate, " 2,000
Courts of Common Pleas.
Fat tha sessions of this court, the State was formerly divided into 24 dis-
f
1855.] SUffK0TI.YAiaA. 255
trids. In 1853, the number of districts was increased to 25. The fol-
lowing is a list of the judges.
Districts. President Judges. Salary.
I.Philadelphia, Oswald Thompson, $2,000
Associate Judges, Joseph Allison, Wm. D. Kelley, each 2,000
2. Lancaster, . . • ^ • . Henry D. Long, 1,600
3. Northampton and Lehigh,* . • . Washington McCartney, 1,600
4. Tioga, Potter, McKean, and Elk, . . Robert G. White, 1,600
5. Allegheny, Wm. B. McClare, 2,000
6. Erie, Crawford, and Warren, . . .J. Galbraith, 1,600
7. Bucks and Montgomery, . . . Daniel M. Smyser, 1,600
8. Northumberland, Lycoming, Centre, and
Clinton, Alexander Jordan, 1,600
9. Cumberland, Perry, and Juniata, . . James Graham, 1,600
10. Westmoreland, Indiana, and Armstrong, James M. Burrell, 1,600
11. Luzerne, Montour, Columbia, and Wy-
oming, John N.Conyngham, 1,600
12. Dauphin and Lebanon, .... John J. Pearson, 2,000
13. Bradford, Susquehanna, and Sullivan, . David Wilmot, 1,600
14. Washington, Fayette, and Greene, • Samuel A. Gilmore, 1,600
15. Chester and Delaware, .... Townsend Haines, 1,600
16. Franklin, Bedford, Somerset, and Fulton, F. K. Kimmell, 1,600
17. Beaver, Butler, and Lawrence, . . Daniel Agnew, 1,600
18. Venango, Clarion, Jefferson, Forest, and
Mercer, John S. McCalmont, 1,600
19. York and Adams, Robert J. Fisher, 1,600
20. Mifflin and Union, .... Abrahams. Wilson, 1,600
21. Schuylkill, Charles W. Hrglns, 1,600
22. Monroe, Pike, Wayne, and Carbon, . James M. Porter, 1,600
23. Berks, J. Pringle Jones, 1,600
24. Huntingdon, Blair, and Cambria, • . George Taylor, l,Gi)0
25. Centre, Clearfield, and Clinton, . . James Burn&ido, l^GOO
Finances.
The debt of the State was, December 1, 1853, as follows : —
Six per cenL loans, |r>QSjOiir>,47
Fire per cent, loans, 3^,953,547.811
Four and a half per cent. loans, 3S8,2(X).00
Four per cent, loans, 10(1 OOfiOiy
Total funded debt • 39,999,^ i;]fiG
The unfunded debt was as follows : —
Reliefnotes in circulation, $528,3^1.00
Interest certificates outsunding, 27,160.31
" " unclaimed, 4,44a. 3S
Interest on unclaimed and outstanding certificates to be added to
them when ftmded, 2,079 CO
Domestic creditors, 4,430,EO
Total unfunded debt, — — ■ — rm AJG,^
TbtalpuUiedebtdueDec. 1,1853 %4li,^m,MM
Amount in treasury for cancellation of six per cent, state stocks, interest
e6rtMcat«f,aMJ., __m^mM
256 PENN8TLVANIA. [1855.
Ragalar annual interast on Umum, neariy #2,002,629.72
Add foaranteed interest on internal iroprorement companies, . . . 17.500.00
Total interest for the jear, ezcluaiTeof that on interest certificates, &c., nearly, • 2,ftW,I2».72
The prodocUre property owned by the State is : —
Stoclc in incorporated companies, #1,673,996.62
Pennsylrania railroads and canals, 32,492,754.14
Totel productire property ^. . . . #34,166,750.75
The State has an unavailable deposit in the United Stetes fianlr, of . . #280,000.00
And depreciated funds in the treasury, unarailable, 41,032.00
Total receipte during the year ending November 30, 1853, . . . . # 9,486,770.06
dalance in Treasury, November 30, 1852, 1,382,611.00
Total available means, #10,869,381.08
Total expenditures during the same period, 10,144,963.73
Available balance in treasury, November 30, 1853, #724,417.35
Principal Itema o/Expendiiun,
Public improvemente, . '.#2,765,936 64
Expenses of govemmenii . . 253,160.39
Militia expenses, . . . 2,236.37
Pensions and gratuities, . . 12,857.31
Chariuble institutions, . . 67,113.58
Common Schools, . . . 164,852.43
Commissionecs of Sinking Fund, 605,057.66
Canal and railroad tolls.
Ch^fSourcea of Income.
Tax on real and personal estete, # 1,381,550.59
Collateral Inheritance tax,
Tftx on bank dividends, .
Tax on corporation stocks,
Retailers' licenses, .
4,020,»7.26,Tavem licenses,
Interest on loans.
Guaranteed interest, .
Domestic creditors, .
Damages on public works, .
Turnpike road companies, .
Penitentiaries, ....
Abatement of Sute tax, .
Counsel fisaa and commissions, .
Jloitoe^ ciT He rage,
> Pa.H Tolunt«4n in Mexican war, .
kiolDgipal jnrrey, ...
blotilil hecords, &c., -. . .
cliL cf^nimiraioners, •
ate Libmrj^ ....
bblli^ b LI iidlngs and grounds, .
linenElineiitf to the Constitution,
2,135,853.78 Brokers' licensee,
. cabnizallun society, .
&a£TtculLural society, .
^simtinn, Births, Marriages, and
fBeaths, 1,985.19
Adetphia riote, .... 950.25
pauHiuieoui, .... 8,848.90 Miscellaneous,
17,500.00 Other licenses,
41,185.16|Tax on loans, ....
24,914.15 Premiums on charters,
Auction duties,
Auction commissions, .
Tax on write, wills, deeds, &c.,
Tax on certain offices, .
21,000.00 Militia tax, ....
814.00Lands, . . .
6,437. 50 Tax on enrolment of laws, .
17,288.62 Tax on tonnage and passengers.
Accrued hiterest, .
Escheate,
Foreign insurance agencies, .
Interest on loans.
Sales of public property,
Refunded cash.
Fees of the public offices,
MiUer'stax, . . . .
Premiums on loans,
Annuity for right of way, .
4,000.00
31,083.00
39,052.28
7,769.16
7,467.71
1,350.00
270.00
643.61
625.00
2,000.00
1,893.246.50
4,205,333.33
155,401.55
220,004.33
171,589.92
177,039.19
96,992.31
3,020.43
28,647.29
124,068.19
413,271.25
66,747.05
18,12a75
61,296.16
24,694.77
12,718.32
37,904.09
6,715 00
67,227.22
34.093.25
735.00
753.59
15,027.78
164,662.54
2,250.76
2,49173
3,727.80
104,00100
10,000.00
2,719.39
^"The LduI viLluation of the real and personal esute of Pennsylvania taxable for Stete pur-
690J firthayoar 1851 was #492,898,829; tax assessed, in 1853, #1,686,691.76. Number
of ta}tiit»Ui i iihabitante in the Stete in 1853, 647,191.
BankA — Id February, 1853, there were in the Stete, exclusive of the' city of Philadelphia,
t b»nkd ivHh a capital of # 8,450,551, circulation #7,500,000, specie #2,000,000. la
^lla^klphia^ there were 15 banks, with a capital of # 10,518,600, circulation #4,600,000, coin
'^Giftttmuii Schools in 1852. — A system of popular education was attempted in Pennsyl-
Dd B cvmmon school fund esteblished, in 1831. The Stete was not divided into dir
1S55.] PENNSTLYANIA. 857
tricts for ichool parpoaes until 1834, and the act of April Ist of that year ie genertllj coq.
■idered the first common school law. The whole number of school disiricts reported, ezclu*
■ir0of the cilj and countj of Philadelphia, for the year ending June 30th, 1863, was 1,&31.
The whole number of schools was 9,507. The average number of months that schools were
tanght was 6. Number of male teachers, 7,690 ; number of female teachers, 3,640. Aver-
age wages per month of male teachers, $ 19.26 ; of female teachers, f 12.03. Number o
male scholars, 260,269; number of female scholars, 214,286; number learning German,
11,121. The arerage number of scholars in each school was 42; and the cost of teaching
each scholar per month, 43 cents. The fimount of tax levied in the accepting districts was
1 1,021,337.34 ; recelred from the State appropriation, including $31,307.30 paid to Philadel-
pbia city and county, #184,390.27. The cost of instruction was $731,743.t8; fuel and
contingencies, f 84,158.76 ; of school- houses, repairs, &c., $ 147,616.73. The number of tax-
aMes by the triennial return in 1853 was 645,164. The returns of orer 100 districts are not
included in the foregoing, as they were received too late. Since, and including 1844, the an-
nual appropriation by the State for the support of schools has been g 200,000.
Common Schools in Philadelphia in 1853. — The city and county of Philadelphia con-
atitute the first school district, but are not subject to the general school law. The grades of
schools are a high school, a normal school and school of practice, grammar schools, second-
ary schools, and primary schools. The whole number of schools in operation was 286.
Number of teachers, 840, 80 males and 760 females. Number of male scholars, 25,836 ; num-
ber of females, 24,249 ; in all, 50,085. $411,303.85 were expended during the year for the
purpose of education, of which f 223,305.26 were paid to teachers. Average annual cost per
pupil in aU the schools, $ 7.16; in High School, $32.97 ; in Normal School, $'10.68.
State Lunatic Hotpitalf Harriaburg. — John Curwen, Superintendent. On the 31st of
December, 1861, there were 37 patients, — 24 males and 13 females. Admitted during the
year 118, — sent by public authorities 63, by friends 55; discharged 49 ; leaving in the hos-
pital, Dec. 31, 1852, 106,-59 males and 47 females. Of those discharged, 13 had recovered,
16 were improved, 10 unimproved, 7 died, and 2 eloped. Of 155 admissions, 68 were
married, 11 widowed, 86 single. The forms of insanity were, acute mania 22, chronic do.
50, epileptic do. 7, puerperal do. 1, monomania 13, melancholy 45, dementia 14, imbecility 1,
idiocy 2. The disbunsements during the year were $ 38,225.95 ; receipts, $33,385.21 ; bal-
ance, $159.26. The State appropriates $20,000 per annum to the haspitftl. There ar^
apartments for 300 patients, a farm of 130 acres, and a garden.
ins/i7u/ton/or/AeB;tnd,PAt7ade(pAta.—Wm.Chapin, Principal. 2 prmcipal teacliera^ j
2 assistants, 4 teachers of music, one prefect, 3 teathers 0f handicrad, 2 matronsf, I aaleemnn, ^
The school was opened in March, 1833. Number of pupils, January 1, t^52, ]D7 \ dig;
charged during the year, 14; died, 2; received, 18; remaining, January 1, I8D3, 109, ^fi3
males, 47 females. ,0f this nimiber there are from Pennsylvania 75, Maryland L3, Nqw Jet^
sey 13, Delaware 4, all other places 4. Number of pupils from its foundntSnn, ^37. Caustut
of blindness : ophthalmia 74, amaurosis 32, cataract 20, congenital 18, small po]? 10, sccrl^
fever 6, other fevers 4, measles 6, accidents from stones, &c. 15, explulon <ir powder 12,
pistol or gunshot 6, accidents not stated 5, scrofula 3, hydrocephalus, arrovrabuu artd fire
2 each, kick of a horse, foul air in a well, rheumatism, whooping-cough, pulypus, bculo irc-
tus, irritable retina, neuralgia, 1 each, unknown, 13. There are 62 claswa in 22 diffur?nt
studies besides music Value of goods manyfactured, $ 5,755.37 ; sales, $5hCI21 .77. E^fftinaes
of the Institution, $26,092.24; receipts, $27,330.02. No sectarian faiih h inculcnl^.
School, music, and work alternately occupy 8^ hours daily. 21 volumes, in niiB«d k-ticrsa
have been printed. The terms for pay pupils are $200 a year, including bnanl, iafLmctior^i
and medical attendance. Blind children in indigent circumstances from Fcnn^jlvanta, New
Jersey, Maryland, and Delaware, are provided for by those States for 8 jtan. PupSI ^ nrs
not usually received under 10, nor over 17, except for a shorter time than ttia r^^lar caurwe
of eight years.
Hotue of Refuge, Philadelphia.— Thomaa G.Rutherford and Elisha Swini^fy, Stiperiit-'
tendents. Admissions during 1852, 164 boys and 60 girls in the wiiile,, and SG hay^t
44 girls in the colored department ; total, 304. Discharges, 169 boys and 6S s^dM ^
22*
8M
DELAWASB.
[1855.
white dtpttrtmeiit, and 43bo7i uid-37 fids in the eolond ; total, a07, Remaiiiing, Decem-
bar 31, 1852, 149 bojrs aod 49 ^it\a in the white and 84 boje and 40 girls in the colorad de-
partment ; total, 322. The institution is designed for tlie reform of juvenile delinquents.
Most of the inmates are committed bj magistrates, and a few bj the coonijr couru. The
bojs are employed In rarious manafectaring occupations. Their earnings amoonted to
i 6,654.58. The expenses of the year were f 87,912.78, and the receipu 9 87,064*13.
Staie Pritona. EaUem Penitentiary. ^ John S. Hallo waj, Warden. January 1, 1863,
there were In the prison 283 convicts ; received during the year, 117 ; in all, 400. Discharged
tqr expiration of sentence, 97 ; by pardon, 24 ; by removal to Lunatic Hospital, 8 ; revocation
of sentence, 1 ; by death, 3 ; In all, 133 ; leaving in prison January 1, 1854, 267. Of the 117
admitted dui^ng the year, 56 were natives of Pennsylvania, and 26 of other States. 36 were
foreignera; 106 were whites, 101 males and 6 females; 11 ccriored, 10 males and 1 female.
Of the 117, 21 were temperate; 44 were convicted of larceny; 5 of horse stealing; 4 of
counterfeiting ; 12 of forgery ; 9 of felonious assaults ; 7 of arson ; 6 of manslaughter ; 3 of
murder in 2d degree. 3 were sentenced for over 10 yean ; 76 for 2 yean and under. ISnce
the opening of the prison, October 25, 1829, there have been admitted 3,069 convicts, and
discharged 2,822, of whom 2,102 were by expiration of sentence ; 446 by pardons ; 228 by
death ; 4 by suicide ; 14 by writ of error.
Weatem Penitentiary, -^ A. Beckham, Warden. January 1, 1853, there were in the
prison 187 convicts ; 184 malee and 3 females ; received during the year, 98 ; in all, 286.
Discharged during the yesr, by expiration of sentence, 62 ; by pardon, 20 ; by death, 2. In
prison January 1, 1854, 201. Whole number received since the opening of the prison, July
1, 1826, 1,746; being white males, 1,447, femalee, 30; colored males, 229, females, 40. Of
those remaining in the prison, 7 were convicted of arson ; 24 of murder in the 2d degree ; 3
of manslaughter ; 91 of larceny ; 20 of burglary ; 2 of robbery ; 6 of counterfeiting ; 8 of
horse stealing ; 7 of felonious assaults ; 6 of aggravated riot ; 7 of rape ; I of bigamy, and 1
of perjury. 92 were natives of Pennsylvania, and 32 of other States ; 77 were foreigners.
Since the opening of tlie prison, there have been discharged by expiration of sentence, 1,123 ;
by pardons, 325 ; by death, 82 ; by suicide, 1 ; by escapes, 24 ; by process of law, 4.
X. DELAWARE.
Government for the Year 1855.
fr.tr.Ei R Cap lETy ofMHford, Governor (term of office Salary,
tixpirt^a on the 3d Tuesday in January, 1859), $ 1,333|
yrrtsci V. Hi^binaon,
ITiinani Cannon,
eorgo H njckBon,
li^:Jphn M. Philips,
vVilltnm Htjffictgton,
fohn R. McFee,
Clay tan A. Cowgill,
laraea Boolh,
of Georgetown,
of Bridge ville,
of Dover,
of Laurel 1,
of Dover,
Secretary of State, Fees and $ 400
ijaujueJ M, Harrington, of Dover,
State Treasurer^
Jhiditor^
President of the Senate,
Clerk.
of -Georgetown, Speaker of the House,
Clerk,
JUDICIART.
Superior Court,
of Newcastle, Chief Justice,
500
500
Associate Justice^
Jciijn J, Milligaa,
£dwnrd Wootten,
Willanl Sfiulsbtiry,
S« M. Htirrington,
, W. Green,
of Wilmington, **
of Georgetown, **
of Georgeto w n , Attorney- General,
of Dover, Slate Reporter,
of Sussex Co., Prothonotary of Sup, Court, Fees.
$1,200
1,200
1,000
1,000
Fees and 500
1855.]
MABTLAKD.
859
Alexander J. Taylor,
Wm. G. Whitely,
Kensey Johns, Jr.,
Peter B. Vanderer,
Robert W. Reynolds,
James Anderson,
Prothonoiary of Syp. Courts Fees.
" " Fees.
of Dover,
of Newcastle,
Court of Chancery.
of Newcastle, Chancellor^ 1,100
Orphans* Court,
The Orphans* Court consists of the Chancellor and a Judge of the Supe-
rior Court.
Probate Court,
of Newcastle, Register of Wills, Fees,
of Dover, " ** Fees,
of Georgetown, " " Fees.
FlNAlfCES.
School Fund, .... #15,047.62
Chi^Sourcea of Annual Income,
Corporation taxes, bonua,
Dividends and interest on loans,
Licenses, forfeitures, ftc. .
$27,454 68
19,293.87
6,948.51
Principal Items of Expenditure.
Executive, $3,
LegisUtire, .... 8,565 32
Gonrention, 6,64000
Jndiciarj, 5,500.00
Internal improvements, . . 18,50000
Permanent Beaourcee of the State,
Invested capital, Sute, f 350,637 68
" school fund, 435,505.83
Total, #786,143.51
Conunon Schools. — The system provides a free school within reach of every family.
The districts are laid off, numbered, and incorporated. 236 of them are organized. Each
district entitles itself to a portion of the Aind by estaUishing a school, and contributing to-
wards its support not less than • 25. But any district may lay a tax on itself of i 300 ; or
(by a special vote) may increase it to any sum deemed necessary for school purposes.
Towns or papulmis dlatricts may umt« thair resources and form Khools of higher £;rAr!f>ffl ;
Ihfj only condition w ttiat ibey shnll bo/rf^ Tho numlwr of free ectioola in operation in the
SiaiB mu 23C \ number DrBcholarc (in a nhilfi population of 71,169}, 10,2^^ ; rece'i|:/t«
•ctaiioi fund and coiuributiona, f S7^733.*35; ujrpeniiecJ for support of frea BLLboola^ |^0^|&9
ThQ fallowing Luble gires the atialaticd of Ihfi jcbook In lbs sevecul cuiintlcs^ as Vi^W
the SUite.
Free Schools,
n the ^^^^
Coualla.
ffo. of
Schools
No, of
fichokra.
Amdun
Tuition.
I paid Tor
Cdnltngisncles.
Aiuuuiit re
School
Fund.
Cflif ed frtmi i
Qor^LribuiHi
Tnr. '
Kent,
Total,
B.'V
a97"J
11,549 68
isassa
« 1 2,330. 5-^
3.fi<H.7<
;d3(j
tU,^30
8SI32J
e,a43,2i
i23,90B4lj
»4^.46d.30
9^rj3A'J5
J
XI. MARYLAND,
Government for the Year 1855,
Thomas W. Ligon, of Howard Co., Govcrnttr {lerm eipires
the 2d Wednesday in Jan., 1858), Uae of a furnished house, and $ ^JM
Nalhan icl C oi , of B a I ti more , Se^rftanj of Slate ,
Dennk Claudo, ofAnnnpolis, lYensurer^
i,am
sea
W. PiokDej Wbyte,
Jamet Murray,
Michael McBIair,
Lemuel Roberts,
Joshua R. Nelson,
Moor N. Falls,
Charles R. Stewart,
Wm. P. Fonder,
Richard Swan,
John N. Watkins,
Edward Lloyd,
Elias Ware, Jr.,
HASTXJkND. [1855.
ofBaltimorv, CompUoUtT oftks TVeofury, 2,500
of Annapolis, Qammissioner of the Land-
Ofice^ Fees and 200
of Baltimore, CommUsianer of Stamps, 750
of Queen Ann* a Co. ^Commissioner of Lotteries,
of Harford Co. "J
Commissioners ofPuhUe
Works,
of Baltimore,
of Savage,
of Baltimore,
of Annapolis,
of Annapolis,
CO
^ cia
15
State Librarian f 1,000
Adjutant-General, 5U0
of Talbot Co., Pres. of the Senate, ) 5 per day dur. ses.
of Baltimore, Speaker of the House of Delegates,
[$ 5 per day during session.
JUDICIABT.
Court of Appeals,
Elected. Term expires. Salary.
John C. LeGrand, of Baltimore, 1851, Chief Justice, 1861, $2,500
John T. Mason, of Marlboro, 1851, Associate Justice, \d5\, 2,500
Wm.H. Tuck, ofUpper Marlboro, 1851, *« 1861, 2,500
JohnB.£ccle8ton,ofChe8tertown,1851, ^< 1861, 2,500
William A. Spencer, of Annapolis, Clerk, Fees.
The Court of Chancery, by the new Constitution, was abolished on
the 4th of July, 1853. It had been continued from the adoption ^of the
constitution to that date, to give it time to finish its business. The judi-
cial pow«r of the State is vested in a Court of Appeals, and in Circuit
Courts.
TJiG CutirL nf Appeals has appellate jurisdiction only. Its judges, fbnr
ntirnber, an; elected from districts, by the voters therein, for ten years,
•anlqtjfl tlit^y i^lmLl before reach the age of 70. They must be above 30 years
ag^, citl^fteri^ of the State at least five years, residents of the judicial dis-
tricls from wliich they are elected, and have been admitted to practice in
the State. Th& Court of Appeals appoints its own clerk, to hold office for
ftlx jeari^, und may reappoint him at the end of that time. When any
judge of :LEiy court is interested in a case or connected with any of the par-
lies by jitBriLLy or consanguinity within the proscribed degrees, the Gover-
nor may GomEuiiwion the requisite number of persons, learned in the law,
fbr the trKiL and determination of the case. The Governor, with the advice
And con^itnt of the Senate, designates one of the four judges as chief jus-
tice. The aflice of Attorney-General is abolished by the new Constitution.
Judges of the Circuit Courts.
€iicu1t.
ElectMl.
Term expires. Salarj.
1, Peter W- Crain,
of Port Tobacco,
1851
1861 $2,000
2, Nidiolai Brewer,
of Annapolis,
1851
1861 2,000
3, Mad is on Nelson,
of Frederic City,
1851
1861 2,000
•^^Thomii* Perry,
of Cumberland,
1851
1861 2,000
1855.] MARYLAND. 261
6. Albert Constable, of Perryville, 1851 1861 2,000
7. Philemon B. Hopper, of Centreyille, 1851 1861 2,000
8. AraSpence, ofSnowhill, 1851 1861 2,000
The fifth Cireuit comprises the city of Baltimore. The judges of that
Circuit, all of whom reside in Baltimore, are : —
William Frick, Judge of Superior Courts 1851 1861 2^00
Wm. L. Marshall, Judge of Court of Com. Pleas, 1851 1861 2,500
Henry Stump, Judge of Criminal Court, 1851 1861 2,000
Cbas. J. M. Gvrinn, of Baltimore, State Attorney, 1851 1855
The State is divided into eight judicial circuits, each of which elects a
judge of the Circuit Court, to hold office for ten years. The qualifications
of the judges are the same as those of the Court of Appeals, except that
they must be citizens of the United States, and residents for two years in
their judicial district There is in the city of Baltimore a Court of Com-
mon Pleas, with jurisdiction in civil cases between $ 100 and $500, and
exclusive jurisdiction in appeals from justices of the peace in that city ; and
a Superior Court, with jurisdiction in cases over $ 5U0. Each of these
courts consists of one judge, elected by the people fi)r ten years. There is
also a Criminal Court, consisting of one judge, elected for six years. Clerks
of the Circuit Courts in each county, and of the Baltimore courts, are
chosen for six years, and are re-eligible.
Each county, and Baltimore city, elect three persons as Judges of the
Orphans* Court, to hold office for four years ; a Register of Wills, for six
years; Justices of the Peace j two Sherifis, and Constables for two y«ar«.
Attorneys for the Commonwealth are chosen in each county by tlie people,
for four years.
FltfANCSS.
. State Debt,
The whole nominal debt of the State was, ^ptember 30, 1863, . . . • 1 &x 1 ^>^
The sinking fund of the State, repreaenting, in iact, extinguished
debt, was, Norember 30, 1853, %%^/3Si,m
State loan to Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company Included in
nominal debt, the Interest of which is paid by that company, . 3,616, OH
Tobacco loans, the Interest of which is paid out of proceeds of to-
bacco Inspection, ' . . I&3j6d9
Productive capital of State, consisting of bank stocks, railroad
stocks and bonds, paying dividends or interest, Including Tide-
water Canal bonds, about, 5,G^,D6I3
Leaving, f i.::)U7,3i3t|
the interest on which must be provided for by taxation. Including the Income frotn ilsa^
doctlve capital of the State, the amount to be ndsed In 1854 to meet the Interesii da. 1
public debt is estimated by the Treasurer to be • 673,837.
In addition to the produciire property abore described, the State o^nm unpnoducriivp {
enjt the value of which is estimated at • 17,172,634.16. The new wama^iuti^i irtv^ the ralite
of the real estate in the State, $ 166,754,455, and personal estate, f 04,]^:v,:£ii:^T ae^n^piiaj
g 261 ,243,660. The former aggregate valuation was % 192,781 ,579. fncren^ , « Ct$,4e2,4]«| ,
The former rate of taxation was 25 cents on the f 100 ; it is now 15 ceiiit an Llis 1 100.
The iehod fund on September 30, 1863, amounted to • 160,642 66.
86t ICASTLAKD. [1855.
The prorMoM of the oew eonfltHution in ngtoA to the State's ineorrinf new dcbta are as
Mlowe t— " No debt shall be contracted exceeding 9 100,000, nor vnleai the act creating it
shall proride for a tax auflkient to pay the interest as it falls due, and the principal in fif-
teen years. Such taxes shall not be repealed or applied to any other purpoee. The credit
of tlie State shall never be giren or lent, nor shall the State be In any way concerned in
internal improrements. The moneys levied to pay tlie public drt)t shall nerer be direrted
nntil the debt Is paid, or until the sinking fund equals the outstanding debt."
JUeeiptt and Espenditurm,
Total receipts during the year ending September 30, 1853, .
Balance in treasury December 1, ]
. . tl|000,063.19
170,452^
Total means, ... $1,170,505.47
Total expenditures for the same period, 825.147 67
Balance in the treasury October 1, 1853, # 345,367.80
This balance was subject to changes amounting to 342.6fiO.98
Applicable to future demands, •2,706.82
8,300.00
34,780.33
70,426.38
8,284.75
20,110.87
OiitfSoureea o/Ineoim.
Auction duties, . . . . • 14,386.83
Auctioneers' licenses.
Bank bonds and dividends, .
B. and O. railroad Co. ^ recelpta
from passengers on Washington
Branch Road, ....
Do. interest on dividend and ster
ling bonds, . . .
Tax, direa and specific, .
Tur, Civil Oommisslonen, .
Collateral inheritances, .
Commissions to executors and
administrators,
I Commissions to trustees and
receivers, ...
^ Foreign insurance,
IL Policies of insurance,
mj Incorporated institutions, .
^^ On certain oflkers, .
^m On pUintifb,
^B Ou protests,
fP^On Hianvps, ....
■ On Htate and other stocks,
m Fur State colonization, <
Live a Lock sales,
Lffiteriei- 38,250.00
State labacco inspections Baltimore, 20, 1 18.34
Licsnsejii^ Marriage, . . .
To keepers of ordinaries.
Hawkers and peddlers, .
Non*resident8, .
Wood hucksters, .
Licenses, Traders, . . . $76,423.69
Billiard table keepers, . 1,830.59
Brokers, . . 4,715.28
Exhibitions, . . 1,987.64
Road stock, .... 87,600.00
Susq. and T. W. canal companies, 33,560JX)
B. and S. railroad company, . 26,000.00
Excess of officers' fees, . . 1,876.24
Principal Itenu of Expenditure.
380,993.73 Interest on public debt, . . $ 431 ,764.32
1/162.19 Civil officen, .... 12,231.00
22,602.56 Judiciary, 30,411X6
Legislature,
Public printing .
Postaie, ....
6,332.55 Fuel and lights, .
4,854.65 Executive contingent fund,
3,745.00 Sinking fund.
76,849.29
10,436.99
3,198.71
2,399.57
2,702.74
42,407.21
Surplus revenue, . . . 34,069.36
Penllons, 2,834.16
Colleges, academies, and schools, 13,327.57
14,967.45
3,471.21
1,010.59
2,430/X) Penitentiary,
56,238 75
37,745.76
» 2,039.56
10,991.65
6,000.00
40,234.44
6,000.00
1,147.91
Penitentiary stock redeemed.
Militia, ....
State colonization, .
Indigent deaf and dumb.
Tobacco warehouses and inspectovB, 17,882.47
Contingent fund for library, . . 4,619.45
9,044.04 Library, increase of, . . . 406.05
31,613.32 Annapolis and R R. railroad Co., 3,604.52
2,666.34
2,97a00
l,106i>l
M^yor and city council Baltimore,
Railroad five per cent, stock re*
14,921.84
9,000.00
State PenitenHary. — O. P. Merryman, Warden. November 30, 1862, there were in con-
lement, 306 prisoners ; received during the year, 112 ; in all, 417. Discharged during the
by expiration of sentence, 62 ; by pardon, 10 ; by death, 5 ; by process of law, 1 ; in all,
leaving in prison November 30, 1853, 349. Of those received during the year, 67 were
lite and 35 colored ; 102 males and 10 females ; 99 wera first-comers, 8 second'comers, 2
ird-comers, 2 fourth-comers, and 1 for the eighth time. This^lattar oonvlct ia 46 years of
1855.] YisoiSEA. fes
age ; was first sent to prieon at the age of 13, and has stoce spent thera 35 yean. Of the 10
females 1 is white. 76 were seDtenced for stealing ; 4 for murder ; 4 for manslaughter ; 6 for
assault with intent to kill ; 5 for burglary ; 6 for horse stealing, and 3 for arson. 263 were
Americans, and 86 foreigners ; 86 were temperate ; 152 could not read or write ; 56 could
only read ; 10 receired a good, and 2 a classical, education. For punishment during the year,
1 j223 stripes were infliaed, and 47 days of confinement in cells were passed. Earnings of the
prison for the year, • 45,198.22 ; expenses, $ 40,659.98 ; excess of earnings, $4,538^28.
XII. VIRGINIA.
Government for ike Year 1855.
Term ends. Salary.
Joseph JoH58oif, Governor, Jan. 1,1856, || 5,000
She] ton F. Leake, Ldeut. Gov. and Pres, ofSenate, ^* $8 per day
[during the session of the Legislature.
Willis P. Bocock, Attorney- General, Jan. 1, 1856, $1,500
George W. M unford. Secretary of th^ ComnumweaUh
and Librarian, Jan. 1, 1857, 1,620
Jonathan B. Sto vail. Treasurer, «< 2,000
George W. Clutter, Auditor of Public Accounts, << 2,000
William L. Jackson, 2d Aud, and Sup, of Literary Fund, «« 2,000
Stafford U. Parker, Register of the Land-Office, 2,000
Charles S. Morgan, Superintendent of Penitentiary, 2,000
H. St. Geo. Tucker, Clerk of the House of Delegates and Keeper of the Rolls,
||150 per week during the session, and ||200 annually for keeping the
rolls.
Shelton C. Davis, Clerk of the Senate, $ 100 per week during session.
B. W. Hughes, Sup't of Weights and Measures, $ 300 pqr annum.
Board of Public Works.
Term ends. Salary,
Archibald Graham, President, July 1, 1855, ( (1500 per annum^ and in
Edward J. Armstrong, ** 1857, < elling expenses, not to Q^
Thomas J. Boyd, '*• 1859, ( ceed $250 pGrHnnum.
William R. Drinkard, Secretary. $ 1,300 per annum.
The Secretary of the Commonwealth, the Auditor of Public Accounfl _
and Register are, ex officio, members of the Board of Commiiu^ioneta of tHd-
Sinking Fund.
The GoTcmor and Lieutenlant-Governor are elected by tlio people for
four years, and at the same election the Attorney-General k eletiedl for
four years. The Secretary, Treasurer, and Auditor are elecir^jd by joint
▼ote of the General Assembly for two years. The members iffihc Board
of Public Works are elected by the people for six years, one every two
years. The House of Delegates consists of 152 members, elected bie»nmUy
from single districts, apportioned upon the basis of the wliite population.
The Senate, apportioned upon the basis of population and ti:tX£iilon com*
bined, consists of 50 members elected for four years, one half every two ^
years, firom single districts. The seasiomi of the legislature are bknntaf'
2H
TXBOmA.
[1865.
DO MMion can lait moro than 90 days, except by a vote of three fifths of
all the members ; and then it shall not be extended more than 30 days.
Judiciary.
For the administration of justice there are established County Courts,
Circuit Courts, District Courts, and a Supreme Court of Appeals. The
County Courts are held monthly in each county, by not less than three
nor more than five justices. These justices are thus chosen by the people.
Each county is dirided into districts, and each district elects four justices
for the term of (bur years. These justices elect one of their own number
to attend each term of the court.
The State is divided into 21 circuits. The Toters in each circuit elect '(£
judge for eight years, who must be thirty years old and reside in the cir-
cuit. Two Circuit Courts are held annually in each county by each
judge. These 21 circuits form 10 districts, and these 10 districts form 5
sections. The voters of each section elect a judge of the Court of Appeals,
who must be 35 years old and reside in his section. The judges of these
^se sections constitute the Court of Appeals; any three of whom may hold
the court, which has jurisdiction, except in certain specified cases, where the
matter in controversy is not less than $ 500 in value. This court sits at
Riekmand from January 5th to March 5th, from April Ist to May 14th,
from October 15th to December 15th, and at Lewisburg o the 2d Monday
in July, the term to last ninety days if necessary.
District Courts are held once every year in each district, by the judges of
the circuits constituting the section, and the judge of the Supreme Court for
the section, any three of whom may hold the court. '
The Coiire of Appeals and the District Courts appoint their officers, but
in (lie Circuit and County Courts the officers of the court are elected by
tho people*
Court of appeals.
ffe.of8«cti<jn, NsiM
Term begins. Term ends.
SUaiy.
K WilUiim Daniel,
July 1, 1852, July 1, 1864,
$3,000
3. Richard C. L. Moncure
,
3,000
^&. Green B. Samuels,
U IC
3,000
WL John J. Allen,
Ci u
3,000
^k. George Hay Lee,
Ci
CireuU Courts.
3,000
S^~ Nftfne of ludge. Tuin ends.
Salary. jCir. Name of Judge. Term ends.
Salary.
1. mcliAni n Bilker, July 1, 1860,
$2,000|l2. JohnKenney, July
1,1860,
•2,000
a. Jnhn W. NaaK "
2,000
13. Richard Parker,
If
2,000
3. Wjinam U3ffh,
2,000
14. Robert M. Hudson,
((
2,000
4, Oeorgc Gil man, "
2,000
16. Edward B. Bailey,
it
2,000
S. aiwafd P. Pitta, "
1,500
16. Andrew S. Fulton,
ft
2,000
«. Jolm B. ClQpton, "
2,000
17. George W. Hopkins,
tt
2,000
a, jQlia A ML'njditb, "
2,300
18. George W. Summers,
"
2,000
a lohii T. Ui^iiit,
2,000
19. Matthew Edmiston,
tt
2,000
S. JohiiW. Tyk'f, "
2,000
20. George W. Thompson,
tt
2,000
It*, Kjelmrii I]. Field, "
2,000
21. Gideon D. Camden,
tt
2,000
imH^ l\ rUompson, "
2,000
1855.]
TZROmiA.
Finances.
Public DtbU October 1, 1894.
Arooant of outatanding regiatered stock,* five and six per cent.,
Amount of five and six par cent, coupon bonda issued, .
9M
• 11,524,476.54
. 10,865,000.00
$22,389,476.54
Annual interest thereon, •1,325,000.00
Of this sum • 1,153,606.50 are held by the State for the literary fund.
The contingent debt consists of liabilities of ilie State on account of the guaranties of
the Commonwealth to bonds of corporations for the.purposes of internal improrenients ; it
amounU to • 3,906,874.
By the report of the Ist and 2d Auditor, March 30, 1853, the productive stocks of the
State, exclusive of those held by the Board of the Literary Fund, amounted to •8,011,668.66,
i. e. their income was equal to 6 per cent, upon • 8,011 ,668.66. In addition to this, the report
of the Senate Committee upon finance and claims sliows stocks now unproductive to the
amount of 1 5,899,958.63. At the session of 1853, the legislature lent the aid of the Suita
largely to works of internal hnprovement.
aOtf Itenu of Reedpta, Oct. 1, 1853. ^
1^ on Ucenses, 1853, . . 9235,365.96
Revenue taxes, .... 935,33293
Militia fines, .... 11,68137
Taxes on Uw process, &c., 31,102.26
Tax on Notarial seals, . . 10,!
Fees of Register's oflke, . . 7,023.74
Tax on State seal, . . . 133.00
Iniportationoftobacce, . . 12,537.69
Waste and unappropriated land, 10,899.53
Bank stock dividends, . . 336,067.32
Bonus on bank capital, . 51,513.08
Dividends from internal improve*
menta, 62,495.54
Premiums on loans, . . . 137,677.90
Interest on loans to sundry accounta, 183,606.
Loans obtained during the year, 4,060,486 87
Temporary kians refunded, . . 193,52184
One half annuity of old James River
Company, .... 10,500
Principal Items of Expenditure.
Interest on public debt, . . $994,104.83
Public debt radeemed, . . 114,684.42
General Assembly of 1862-63, . • 160.180 73
Officers of government, . . 107,692.79
Primary schools, . . . 75,00000
University of Virginia, . . 15,000.00
Lunatic Asylums, . . . 74,500.00
Deaf, dumb, and blind asylum, . 27,500.00
Military School (Lexington), . 9,210.00
Public guard (Richmond), . . 2l,23a82
Penitentiary expenses, . . 40,342.12
Militia expenses, .... 28,550J26
Commissioners of Revenue, . 47^026 96
Contingent expenses of courts, 32,577 73
Criminal charges, . . . £9,6^. S2
Contingent fund, . . . 26,3^.00
Capitation tax, 1852, . . 40,000.00
Washington Monument, . . la^DGe.SO
Subscriptions and approiMiaiicms
to internal improvements, , 2,lS3,%9.£Ft
Loans to internal improvemeitt
companies, .... L?OQ,000.00
Temporary loans to do., . lW,OOaoo
Dividenda paid to old James Eker
Company 8t6ckholders, , . ^],0l5Mi
Interest on guaranteed bondi, . SO,74S,00
Statement of Taxea on all Accounts for 1853, to bt collected in IS&L
No. Value. Aggregate VaJva. TiJCbS
Lots improved and unimproved f 91.900.56
Lands, 4S0,i74.51
White males of 21 years of age, .
Free negroes, males between 21 and 56,
SUtves 12 years and upwards.
Horses, mules, asses, and jennets, .
Cattle, sheep, and Imgs,
Pleasure carriages, stage coaches, kc.,
Watches * . . 37,117
* This stock is known in the market as " Inscription Stock/^
23
186,687, at 40 cents
.
74 ,674 a)
8,892, at 100 "
.
8,692 00
262,028, at 60 "
167,216.80
361,431 . .
• 17,142,361 00
1,607,993 .
. 14,451.20065
29,860
2,318srf^^ riO
37,117 . .
. l,277,LrG r,f]
266 TXBOINIA. [1855.
Ooclcs, 80,018 . . . •405,980.00
PiaiMMUidbarpt 4,829 . . 709,236.00
Plata and jewelry, 741,245.42
Household and kitchen furnitiiie 14,480,06325
Moneys, secnriiies, &c 43,040,658.31
Capital In manuActuring or mining, 3,636,111.00
Moneys, bonds, or other evidences in court, . . 949,083.64
Capital of incorporated joint siocic Cos. other than banks of circula-
tion and Internal improrement Cos., and of all insurance Cos. and
savings institutions which declare no dividend of profits, . . 665,379.25
Personal property of internal improvement companies, . • * . 377,807.00
AU othsr articles of personal property, . . . ... . 2,460,287.25
Aggregate ralues, $102,543,671.87
$205,111.32
Fees of office, 1,619.95
laeomss, 10,406.30
Interest or profits, 19,044.32
Dividends, 4,076.07
ToU bridges and ferries 1,167.27
Over extensions by commissioners and fractions, 1 14.76
Taxes of 1862 omitted 195.90
Collateral inheritances, 4,412.11
Licenses, . ' 338,030,3 1
$ 1,397,(^7.08
Estimated delinquents and overcharges, .... $22,000.00
Estimated commissions, . .<^ . . 94,000.00
— : 116,000.00
Estimated net taxes, $1,281,047.06
In regard to taxation and the contracting of debts and the payment of the State debt the
constitution provides as follows : —
" The yeas and nays shall be taken on all tax and appropriation Inlls. No incorporated
ceKDpmy %h\U bd released from its liability to the State, nor shall the fiiith of the State be
fAodf odi fi^r U]': daiits of any company. Seven per cent, of the State debt eidsting Janoary 1,
i 1352, shall be annually set apart as a sinking fund to redeem said debt. No loans shall be
^ntnu: Led i rrt!(J«niable for a period of over 34 years. Whenerer a debt is contracted, there
ihaLl b^ ast KfKift, annually, for 34 yean, a sum exceeding by one per cent, the aggregate
praouni of \ hti annual interest agreed to be paid thereon at tlie time of its contraction, which
mtm flHnll hd a port of the sinking fund. Stocks held by the Commcmwealth may be sold, but
lite proc^tHh niuvi be applied to the payment of the public debt."
Sihfjf^tiit, — Hia returns are rery imperfect. They show, as regards primary schools, in 140
coatiiies and G towns, 1,853 commissionen ; In 129 counties and 3 towns, 3,934 schools ; in
f 00 cniint j&a ai\d 1 town, 55,271 poor children ; In 129 counties and 4 towns, 32,072 poor chil-
dr^'ii sent LD -gchMl. Amount expended for tuition of poor children at common and other
■chool^i. icuhulmg books and all other expenses, $69,404.14; arerage attendance of poor
eblldreii in Tha year, 54 days ; average cost per annum of each poor child, about $2.16. The
lirurnA ^ i» district free tchooU are from only 10 counties and 2 towns. Number of dis-
frfets, 3C4 ; of schools, 276 ; general arerage salaries of teachere in 7 counties and 2 towns,
i 2^i.7^ ; rjuij^Uer of children at school during the year in 10 counties and 2 towns, 13,176 ;
i^era^a aaiumi cost of these pupils, $5.92; local funds from taxes, contributions, &c,
1 63,9^^ r>^ ; ricnount applied from school quotas, $6,519.80 ; teachere' salaries and all other
flTperiMf^:, i}r:-^\2B^.30; tuition in 6 counties and 1 town, $36,065.53; when not otherwise
Miaied, i]i': f^NdVti returns are from 10 counties and 2 towns.
1855.]
KOBTH CAROLINA.
XIII. NORTH CAROLINA.
%S7
Thomas Bragg, of
Government for the Year 1855.
-, Governor (term of office, from Jan. 1, i Salary.
1855, to Jan. 1, 1857), A furnished house and $2,000
William Hill, of Raleigh, Secretary of State^ $ 800 and Feet.
Daniel W. Courts, of Rockingham Co., Treasurer^ 1,500
Stephen Birdsall, of Raleigh, Clerk of the Treas. Dep., 500
William J. Clarke, of Raleigh, Comptroller, 1,000
Warren Winslow, of Cumberland, Speaker of the Senate,
Samuel P. Hill, of Caswell, Speaker of the House of Commons.
John Hill, of Stoke, Clerk of the Senate,
James T. Marriott, of Wake, Clerk of the House,
Council of State, — William K. Lane, of Wayne Co. ; Whitmel Stallings,
of Gates Co. ; Archibald Henderson, of Rowan Co. ; Wilson S. Hill, of
Guilford Co. ; Columbus Mills, of Rutherford Co. ; Perria Busbee, of Ra-
leigh; and Robert S. French, of Robeson Co.
Pay, $ 3 per diem while in service, and $ 3 for every 30 miles' travel.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court,
Frederic Nash, of Hillsborough,
Rich. M. Pearson, of Surry Co.,
William H. Battle, of Chapel Hill,
Matt. W. Ransom, of Warren Co.,
Perrin Busbee, of Raleigh,
Edm. B. Freeman, of Raleigh,
James R. Dodgt, of Morgantown,
Chief Justice,
.Associate Justice,
a
Attorney- General,
Reporter,
Clerk at Raleigh.
Clerk atMorganiown,
$2,500
2,500
2,500
300
Superior or Cireuit Courts,
Judges, — Salary, $ 1,950 each.
Thomas Settle, of Rockingham.
John M. Dick,
D. F. Caldwell,
John W. Ellis,
John L. Bailey,
M. E. Manly,
R. M. Saunders,
of Greensboro*,
of Salisbury,
of Salisbury,
of Hillsborough,
of Newbem.
of Raleigh.
Circuit SolUiiors,
W. N. H. Smith, of 5f urfreeabom*?
G. S. Stephenson, of Necvbern.
M. W. RAnsom, of Warren Co.
Cadwallader Jones, of Ki n^bordugh, '
Robert Strange, of Fay e tte v i I lo ^ *
William Lander, of Lincoln Co^^
Aug. W. Burton, of Cleave land (
The Supreme Court holds three sessions in each year; two m ilm city
Raleigh, — to wit, on the second Monday in June and the bst Monday
December, — and one at Morgantown, on the first Monday orAijgiiRt,rorth«
western part of the State; and continues to sit at each term until all th«
business on the docket is determined, or continued upon good caute shown.
It has power to hear and determine all cases in law or equity, brought
before it by appeal, or by the parties. It has original and cxc^luatvo juriflp
diction in repealing letters-patent,' and also has power to hmm all wrtti
necessary and proper for the exercise of its jurisdiction.
The judges of the Supreme and the Superior Courts are ckcicd by joini
86$ lOUTH CABOLDTA. [1855.
ballot of both bousns of the General Amemblj, to hold office during good
behavior. Their saldries cannot be dimiuiished during continuance in office.
Salary of a solicitor, $ 20 for each court which he attends, and fees for
conviction. The Attorney-General is solicitor for the third circuit, and
receives, in addition, ||100 lor each term of the Supreme Court which he
attends.
The Superior Courts of Law, and the Courts of Equity, are held twice
each year in every county of the State. There are seven circuits, of about
ten counties each, which the judges ride alternately, never visiting, how-
ever, the same circuit twice in succession. The judges of these courts have
complete equity jurisdiction.
FlNARCKS,
For th§ Two Years ending October 31, 1852.
ReceiptB and Expenditures of the Public Fund.
Receipts for the year ending October 31, 1851, . . . . f 285,154.79
" " " 1862,. . . . 3C6.72S88
Ajsirre^te receipts forihe two years, $651,883.67
Expenditures for the year ending October 31, 1851, . . . 366,342.76
" 1352, . . . 249,254.45
: 615.597.21
Balance in the Treasury due public fund. Nor. 1, 1852, #36,266.46
Receipts and Disbursements of the Literary Fund.
Receipts for the year ending October 31, 1851, % 129.255.24
" " " 1868, . . . 137.380.41
Aggregate leceipts for the two years, -266,635.65
Exptnditurae for the year ending October 31, 1851, .... 94,596.41
" " " " 1852, . . . 161.472.33
256.068.74
BalarLc* b Treoaory, Nor. 1, 1862, doe this fond, % lu,666.91
Add lxilAuc«dLjfl this Aind, 118.19267
B iT^ru:^ dui thi« (bnd, Norember 1, 1852, $ 12d,759 58
AiM Lj^Lai&ca due public funds, 36 286 46
Tola! balance, 8 165,U66 04
The Suti; iiw[)9 stocks in railroads and other internal improremant companies to the
- IJJlmini oit G'JO^DOO.
' Bi^if r>^fn. ^ On the Ist of Noveinber, 1862, the debt of the State upon which interest
Irif payiinla aiuc^iinted to f 1,230,000. During the last session of the Legislature, a further
delsi of 9 '^.141X000 was authorized to be created by the issue of bonds, as follows : $ 65,000
jtsr ih:: Nu^Hii utd Tar Rirer Railroad; • 75,000 for the Seaboard and Roanoke Road;
M ^ /» ^ , i» > M r t he North Carolina Railroad.
Dmf.nri />!i^. — The building for the North Carolina Institution for the Instruction
of ine V'.'-x\ iiiiiJ Dumb was commenced April 14, 1848. The Institution is in Raleigh, near
ih,e Siriie 11 1 > < L '4. The grounds ha^e an extent of four acres.
hu finite Aiftjittm. — The Legislature, at a late session, imposed a tax of one cent and
thtat^ qtuvrier^ on erery $ 100 worth of land, and five and aquarter cents on erery taxable poll
par an EiriTTi, (vr four yean, to raise a fund for building a lunatic asylum. Tba tax will yield
iDout t SO.UOO i a the four years.
XIV. SOUTH CAROLINA.
Government for the Year 1855.
Joitif L. Mai^kiiio, of Sumter, Governor , (term ends De- Salary.
cember, 1854), House-rent and $ 3,500
I U- Ithj, of Lawrence, Liesuteiuml'Goverjun',
1855.]
SOUTH CAROLINA.
269
Benjamin Perry,
J. D. Ash more, of Columbia,
William J. Laval, of Charleston,
£. P. Jones, of Greenville,
William F. Eivin, of Williamsburg,
R. G. M. Dunevant,
C. M. Furman, of Charleston,
R. F. W. Allston, of Georgetown,
James Simons,
W. E. Martin,
J. T. Sloan,
of St-Paul's Parish, Secretary of Stofe, Fees.
ComptroUer-Generalf 2,000
TreagureTj Lower Division^ 2,000
" Upper Division^ 1,600
Surveyor- General^ Fees.
Jldjvtant and Inspector- General,
Pres, Bank of the State of S, C, 3,000
President of the Senate,
Speaker of the House.
Clerk of the Senate, 1 ,000
Clerk of the House, 1 ,000
of Charleston,
of Charleston,
The Grovemor is elected by the Senate and House of Representatives
jointly, to serve for two years, and is not re-eligible until after the expiration
of fi)ur years. In case of his death, or removal from office, the Lieutenant-
Governor acts as Governor.
Legislature. — Assembles at Columbia, on the fourth Monday in Novem-
ber, annually. Representatives (124 in number) are chosen for two years,
on a mixed basis of population and taxation. Pay, $ 3 a day, and 10 cents
for every mile of travel. The Senate consists of 45 members, who are
elected for four years ; one half chosen every second year. Pay of Sena-
t6r8 the same as that of Representatives.
Judiciary.
The judges and chancellors are elected by joint ballot of both houses.
They hold their commissions during good behavior, and receive a compen-
sation which can neither be increased nor diminished during their contin
uance in office. Repeated attempts have been made to limii their tenun
to 65 or 70 years, but without success. A judge or chancellor may order j
special court, and a chancellor may hear cases, by consent, at cbambera^
Chancellors in Equity.
.
Appointed,
SalflfiJl
Job Johnston, of Newbury,
1830,
$3,(MWr
Benjamin Faneuil Dunkin, of Charleston,
1837,
3,<J00
G. W. Dargan, of Darlington,
1847,
3,000
F. H. Wardlaw, of Edgefield,
1851,
3,000
Judges of the General Sessions and Common Pleas,
J. B. O'Neall, of Newbury,
1835,
3,000
D. L. Wardlaw, of Abbeville,
1841,
3,W)0
Edward Frost, of Charleston,
1844,
3,000
T.J. Withers, of Camden,
1847,
3,000
J. N. Whitner, of Anderson,
1851,
3,000
T. W. Glover,
1853,
3,000
Robert Munro,
1853,
3,000
Isaac W. Hayne, of Charleston, Attorney- General,
1,100 and faes.
W. J. Hanna, Solicitor for Eastern Ciremt, 900
and fees.
Henry M*Iver, " fVestern "
000
and feci^
SimeomFair, ** Middle **
900
and^
23*
r
i
870 SOUTH CABOLCfA. [1855.
T. N. Dawkins, SoUeUarfar J^arthem Chremt^ 900 and fees.
M. L. Bonbam, " Southern «•' 900 and fees.
J. S G. RicbardAon, of Smithville, SlaU Reporter, 1851, 1,500
Late Court ofJlppeaU, and Equity Court ofjSpptals. — Tbe former, con-
fistiog of all the law judges, for hearing appeals from the courts of law,
and the latter, of all the chancellors, for hearing appeals from tbe courts of
equity, are held in Columbia on the first Monday in May and fourth Mon-
day in Noyember. These courts are also held in Charleston on the second
Monday in January, for hearing and determining appeals for the Districts of
Georgetown, Horry, Beaufort, Colleton, and Charleston.
CUrks. — At Charleston, T. J. Gantt. At Columbia, A. Herbemont.
Courts fbr the Correction of Errors^ consisting of all tbe judges in law
and equity, to try constitutional questions, or questions where tbe law and
equity courts are divided, and which are referred thereto by either of the
courts, are held at such times, during the sitting of the Court of Appeals, as
the chancellors and judges may appoint.
Courts of Common Pleas and General Sessions, — These courts have
original jurisdiction in all civil cases where legal rights are involved (except
in matters of contract where the amount is $ 20 or under), and in all crim-
inal cases affecting free white men ; and appellate jurisdiction in all ap-
peals from Magistrates' Courts, and in appeals from the Court of 'Ordinary
in all cases except in matters of account. They are held in each and every
district of the State twice in each year. The times of holding the court for
Charleston District are the, first Monday in May, to sit six weeks, and the
fourth Monday in October, to sit four weeks. Daniel Horlbeck, Clerk for
Charlsst&H District.
Courts of Equity take cognizance of all matters belonging to a court of
equity, ns contradistinguished from a court of law. A term is held by one
*^mi^tjl|uri Liiit)ually,in each district, except Charleston District, where two
lerTiiH are li^.-Ld; viz. on the first Monday in February, to sit six weeks, and
bn tl}Q gecond Monday in June, to sit four weeks. *
Cittj Ctmtt of Charleston. — An inferior court of limited jurisdiction both
Id criviL iind criminal causes. William Rice, Recorder.
QFdiminj9 Court. — Each district has its own Ordinary. The principal
dutiu^ of the Ordinary are to grant letters of administration ; probate of
willft - eiamine executors and administrators* accounts, &c. His ofiice is
t1i$ prnpt^r depository of wills and other papers relative to the administration
i>fejtui(^ff. An appeal lies from his determination, in matters of account,
to the Court of Equity, and, in all other cases, to the Court of Common
Plena. M, T. Mendenhall, Ordinary for Charleston District.
Magistrtttes' Courts have exclusive jurisdiction in matters of contract of
and under twenty dollars.
CotiTt nf Magistrates and Freeholders, for the trial of slaves and free per-
tfona uf color for criminal offences.
Finances.
Total recflipt^ during the year ending September 30th, 1853, . . . . # 381,430.90
&HLl&tiQQj October 1, 1862, 276,674.40
toial meKifl, 668^106.30
>#
Chief Sources of Income.
General •Taxes, 1851, . . . $4,932.66
General Taxes, 1852, . . .336,920.59
Diridende on Railroad and Bank
shares, . . . ... 33,354.00
Miscellaneous, .... 1,223.65
Frindpal Items of BxpendUure.
Artillery expenses, . . . $1,425.00
Arsenals and military schools, . 30,100.00
Claims, 6,591.94
Charleston and Georgetown Harbor, 1,100.40
Contingent accounts, . . . 41,844.00
Catawba Indians, .... 1,500.0()
Defence of the State, . . 37,310.00
1855.] SOUTH CAROLINA. 271
$658,106.30
Total expeDditures for same period, 482.974.67
Balance, October 1st, 1853, .$175,130.63
Indemnity for slaves executed, . $ 1,200.00
Jurors and Constables, . . . 28,325.50
Legislative certificates, . . 20,951.98
Libraries, 3,688.23
Paupers at Lunatic Asylum, . 850.00
Improvements to Lunatic Asylum, 30,000.00
Public buildings, .... 35,633.32
Public printing, .... 8,725.19
Quarantine Regulations, . . 1,000.00
Salaries of public Officers, . . 81,967.72
State House and grounds, and fire-
prooftuilding, . . . 52,148.84
Transient poor, .... 5,00000
Contingent Fund, . . . 17,000.00
Military contingencies, . . . 5,000.00
Delegates to Nashville Convention, 162.00 South Carolina College Chapel, . 10,000.00
Deaf, dumb, and blind, . . 6,822.41 Orphan at College, . . . 400.00
Free schools, .... 47,961.96
State Debt. — The debt of the State is as follows : —
Three, five, and six per cent. State stocks,
Six per cent, slock and five per cent, steriing bonds, fire loan, . . .
Amount of absolute debt, . $1,913,605.64
Annual interest thereon, . 101,463.26
The State has a contingent debt of $ 1,051,422.09, being the amount of surplus revenue re-
ceived from the United States. There is also a temporary indebtedness to the Indians, Free
Schools, and the Bank, of $ 229,588.02. With all this indebtedness, there is still a balance in
fevor of the State, of productive property owned by the State, of $2,310,052.74.
State Bowjfc.— The profits of the bank for the year ending September 30, 1S63, were,
deducting $29,075.90 to meet doubtful and bad debts, $330,000. From \\m amount ihera
has been paid $ 52,093.56, for interest on the debt in Europe ; also the in le nest on the 6 per
cents (fire loan), amounting to $48,869.44; and the sum of $229,037 wa^ iraiisferrad lii^
the sinking Amd.
The aggregate funds of the bank on the 1st of October, 1853, were, $ 7, 01 0.03a.4l»
From this dedua bank liabilities, viz. : —
Issues. $2,563,^29,12
Due Treasury, 187,427.-^
Due Treasury for Sinking Fund, redemption of 5 & 6 per cent, stock, 740, 1 89/i8
Net profits in 1853, 229,037,00
State Treasury for loan under act for rebuilding Charleston, . 1,741, cr>^.23
Due banks, 160,190,02
Due depositors, 843^460.06
Bills payable, 191,332.37
Other debts, " 13S,a5a.J0
Capital, 1,1^,460.73
7,919,932.49
Property of the StaU, September 30, 1853.
Bank ofthe State of South Carolina, for capital, $S,€M,im,01
" " for sinking fund, 969,2^ 2fl
" " for the current fund, .... 317.587.44
Shane in Railroad Companies in the State, ....... 1,34^300,00
Balances due by tax-collectors, sherilft, &c., 9,331JS
Hamburg bonds, * . %,WfM
Total, 10,604,668,41*
272
GBOBOIA.
[1855.
Tha taxM for the year 1963 were a« follows: — Upon 378,907 daree, $226,98120; on
2,929 free negroes, $ 5,868 ; on merchandise, f 20,426.44 ; on faculties, professions, &c.,
$8,884.62; on town lots, 67,588.06; on $ 17,145,320 acres of land, ralued at $ 10,207,591,
$ 40,830.36 ; arrears, &c, $ 1,201. 18. Total, $ 361 ,776.87.
/Vee SehooU. — Number of schools in 1849, 1,023 ; number of teachers, 1,019 ; number of
scholars, 9,122. The Legislature ai^ropilates $ 76,000 annually to firee schools. GoTem(Nr
Bfanning, in his message of November 28, 1863, says, that "under the prseent mode of
applying it, that liberality b really the profusion of the prodigal, rather than the judicious
generosity, which confers real benefit." He recommended " the establishment of a Board
of Education and the appointment of a Commissioner of Public Instruction, whose duty
it shall be to gather facts with regard to this State, and thoroughly inform himself upon the
systems of such other governments as educate their people best, and report the result of his
labors to the Board, who together shall digest a plan, to be submitted to you for ratification
or rejection."
State Lunatic Asylum, Columbia. — J. W. Parker, Superintendent. The number of
patients, Nov. 6, 1851, was 127. Received during the year, 46; whole number, 173. Dis*
charged during the year, cured, 30 ; and 8 died ; leaving in the Asylum, November 5,
1852, 135, of whom 72 were males and 63 were females ; of the 135, 73 were paupers, and
62 pay patients ; January Ist, 1835, there were in the asylum 61 patients, received since,
645, in all, 696, of whom 260 have been discharged, cured, 70 have been removed, and 12
died. The receipU during the year were $ 28.539.28 ; the expenditures, $ 23,894.48. ,
XV. GEORGIA.
Government for the Year 1855.
Hkrschkl v. Johnbon, of Milledgeville, Governor (term of office Salary,
expires November, 1855), $3,000
E. P. Watkins, of Henry Co., Secretary of StaU^ 1,600
John B. TfTppc, of Putnam Co., Treasurer^ 1,600
itikiel S. Ciindler, of Carroll Co., Comptroller' General^ 1,600
Pteus^ani IVI. Compton, of Baldwin Co., Surveyor- General^ 1,600
Ciirr, of Athens, State Librarian.
ii$wis Zuelmry, of Newton Co., Keeper of the Penitejitiary,
I ir Campbell, of Floyd Co., Commissioner of Deaf and Dumb.
lolm D . St i> 1 1 , of Fayette Co., President of the Senate^ f 8 a day.
McC. Moorfij of Sumter Co., Secretary of the Senate, 500
Svhn £. Ward, of Chatham Co., Speaker of House of Rep. fi/^&hdsj ,
W* T. \V affo rdj of Cass Co., Clerk of House of Rep.^ 500
"S. T. Gil a p man I of Chatham Co., State Printer,
Tbe pay fvf members of the Legislature is $ 5 a day. The Legislature
mirats bJtJimi^Lliy, The last Legislature met in November, 1853.
JUDICIART.
Qezcr H. Starnes,
^Joseph IL Liiinpkin,
Henry L, BLiining,
Hohftfl E, Mitrlin,
jriiOflJiJL£obb,
Supreme Court,
of Augusta, Judge,
of Athens, "
of Columbus, "
of Milledgeville, Clerk,
Reporter.
Term ends. Salary.
1855 $2,500
1857 2,500
1859 2,500
1855.] GEOBGIA. 278
The judges of the Sapreme Coart are elected for six years (one every
two years) by the General Assembly, and are removable upon address of
two thirds of each house. All causes shall be determined at the first term ;
and in case the plaintiff is not ready for trial, unless he be prevented " by
some providential cause,'* the judgment of the court below shall be affirmed.
Judges of the Superior Court are elected for four years, by the people of
the district over which they preside, with jurisdiction exclusive in criminal
cases, and in land cases, and concurrent in all other civil cases. Justices
of the inferior courts are elected by the people, for four years. Justices of
the peace are elected by the people in districts. Each county elects an
*' ordinary,*' who holds office for four years, and has the ordinary jurisdic-
tion of a judge of probate, and is paid by fees.
The State is divided into thirteen circuits, with a judge and solicitor for
each. The salaries of the judges are $ 1,800 each. The Attorney-General
is the solicitor for the Middle Circuit".
Solicitors. Residence.
J. B. Weema, Savannah.
. J. J. Winne, Thomasville.
P. F. D. Scarborough, Hawkinaville.
Wm. J. Peeples, Gainesville.
John T. Shewmake, Waynestwro'.
Thomas P. SafTold, Madison.
Joseph A. Thrasher, McDonough.
Charles J. Williams, Columbus.
John J. Word, Cassville.
L. E. Bleckley, Atlanta.
John Lyon, Albany.
W. K. DeGraflenieiJ, Mncon-
Edward D. ChishoJRi, Vaiiwerl.
Salary.
Jno. T. Shewmake, of Waynesboro, .^/tom«i^-G«neraZ, ^250 and perquisite^.
G. T. Howard, of Chatham Co., Judge of Court of Oyer and Ttr-
miner. Savannah, $ 1 ,000
Wm. T. Gould, of Richmond Co., Judge of Court of Oyer end Ter-
miner ^ Augusta, 1 ,0Q0
Finances.
The public debt of the State consists of bonds issued for the constniction nf the W^ftrn
and Atlantic Etailway. Its aggregate amount may be stated at t^iBOl^ST^, ihd ^to-jter
portion of which, • 1,756,472, is in federal bonds payable at the treasury) Jind tha rust in
sterling bonds. The semiannual dividends of interest, as well as the principal of iha eicrUnff
bonds, are payable in London. The debt is redeemable from 1863 to 1874, The Luinual in-
terest on the debt is 8168,1 18. The Sinking Fund amounts to $ 166,600.
The annual receipts Into the Treasury for all purposes average nearly £ TW.OnOj and ths
annual expenditures, excfusive of debts and schools, are about $ 320,000, The chl£rdoiirci»a
of income are the general tax, $375,000; a special tax on bank and rallro&d a%atka
$25,000 ; and the income from the State road, 9300,000. The principal Itflims r»rt:cp&QJitur6
are, the pay of the Legislature, biennially, about S 50,000; of the civil eslDbEieliimQnl|
including the judiciary, annually, $50,000; Deaf and Dumb and Lunalic jVi^ytum, atkiiit
$ 30,000 ; printing, miscellaneous, and contingent, annually, $ 20,000. Ths hnn^^ ofintMrvsi
on, and reduction of, the public debt are additional. Tlie receipts for tbe» ynir t^rkOlufKiypt.
30, 1853, were $ 922,140.16 ; the disbursements, $ 900,534.60 } balance, f 2i ,G05.tift,
Circuit.
Judges.
Residence.
Northern,
G. Andrews,
Sparta.
Eastern,
Wm. B. Fleming,
Savannah.
Southern,
Peter E. Love,
ThomasviUe.
Western,
James Jackson,
Monroe.
Middle,
W. W. Holt,
Augusta.
Ocmulgee,
R. V. Hardeman,
Clinton.
Flint,
James H. Stark,
Griffin.
Chattahoochee, E. H. Worrell,
Talbottom.
Cherokee,
J. Trippe,
Cuthberu
Coweta,
Edward Y. Hill,
Lagrange.
Southwestern
Wm. C. Perkins.
Macon,
Abner P. Powers,
Macon.
Blue Ridge,
David Irwin,
Marietta.
274
FLORIDA.
[1855.
The producUra propartj ownad by the SUie conslflU ofshuw In the Western and Atkntic
Railroad, which coat the Stale $ 3,000.000, and are estimated to be worth that amoant.
There is besides unproductive property owned by the State to the amount of $250,000.
Common SehooU. — The amount of the School Fund owned by the Stale is 823,066.
The Poor School Pand Is distributed among the sereral counties, and is paid out to teachers,
ofachools and academies ratably, reguhUed by the report of the magistratas of each district.
Public Iiutitutiotu.—ThB State Prison at MilledgeviUe has 122 conricu. The Lunatic
Asylum at Midway, ne<ir MilledgeviUe, has 120 inmates. The Sute appropriates annually
• 15,000 to this asylum, and the last Legislature appropriated $25,000 to enlarge and im-
prove the buildings. The Sute has an institution in Murray County for the education of
the deaf and dumb and Uiod.
XVI. FLORIDA.
Oovemment for tke Year 1855.
of Tallahassee, Governor (term expires Salary.
( 500 annually for expenses of residence, and $ 1,500
of Madison, Secretary of StaU^ Fees and 600
of Tallahassee, ComptroUer^ 1,100
" Treasurer^ 800
** Register of Public Lands^ and
Sup*t of Schools^ f( 1,200 and travelling expenses,
of Hillsborough, President of the Senate^ $ 3 a day.
of Madison Co., Secretary of the Senate, 5 a day.
of St. Lucie Co., Speaker of the House^ 3 a day.
of , Clerk of the House, 5 a day.
of Tallahassee, Private Secretary of Governor^ $ 200
Jamks E. Broomk,
October, 1857),
F. L. Villepique,
T. W. Brevard,
C. H. Austin,
David S. Walker,
H. V. Snell,
D. G. Livingston,
W. F. Russell,
Hugh A. Corley,
James H. Buel,
Thii [iioaibers of the General Assembly are chosen on the first Monday
j^rOcLaher, biennially. The Assembly meets biennially on the fourth Mon-
lay in Nov<;iiil>Br.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court-
Salary.
Thomas BalLEell, of Tallahassee, Chief Justice, $2,000
C. H. Dupont, ofQuincy, Associate Justice^ 2,000
Tldiniri^ I^^'iTglas, of Jacksonville, « " 2,000
Juliri V \i Savage, Clerk, Fees.
Tite (lennraJ Assembly of 1850-51 tistablished a separate Supreme
Cacirt, to consist of a chief justice and two associate justices. The Su-
])retu<] CotirL holds four sessions annually; one in Tallahassee, on the first
MoTuUiy in January ; one in Jacksonville, on the third Monday in FebfU-
arv ; mm in Tampa, on the first Monday in Inarch ; and one in Marianna,
on tliu Uiinl Monday in March. When any one or two of the judges of
th« 8tiprti]iJt^ Court are disqualified from sitting in any cause, the vacancy is
&(lod 1^^ ji corresponding number of the Circuit Judges, who, in such case,
ctmMHiMPfl a part of the Supreme Court. They likewise passed a law pro-
VM(i**j5 n>r n rhnnge in the constitution, so as to give the election of justices
<*f lint J^iipr.Piia Court and judges of the Circuit Court to the people, which
r twQoroe the law.
1855.]
ALABAMA.
275
Circuit Courts, S&Iarj.
Wm. A. Forward, of Jacksonville, Judge, Eastern Circuit, $ 2,000
J. Wayles Baker, of Tallahassee, '< Middle «< 2,000
J.J. Finley, of Marianna, " Western •« 2,000
Thomas F. King, of Key West, *« Southern <« 2,000
M. D. Papy, . of Tallahassee, AUorney- General and Rep., 500
[and ^ 250 additional ms Reporter.
James M. Landrum, of Walton Co., Solicitor, Western Circuit, ( 800
Samuel B. Stephens, of Gladsden, « Middle «< ««
James M. Baker, of Alligator, ** Eastern «« «<
Hardy D. Kendrick, of Tampa, " • Southern ** «
The State is divided into four circuits. Eastern, Middle, Western, and
Southern ; and the judges of the Circuit Court, in the order in which
they are named above, preside in their cespective circuits.
FHnancea. — Ttie receipts froin all sources are about $60,000 a year, and the annual ex-
penditures amount to nearly that sum.
XVII. ALABAMA.
Government f&r the Year 1855.
John A. WiirsToir, of Mobile, Governor (term of office ex- Salary.
pires on the 1st Monday in December, 1855), $2,500
Vincent M . Ben ham, of Montgomery, Secretary of State, Fees and 1 ,200
Joel Riggs, of Montgomery, Comptroller of Public Accounts, 2,000
William Graham, of Lowndes Co., State TVea^urcr, 1|800
J. J. Mickle, of yLoiiigomery, Adj. and Inspector- General, 2(K]
A. P. Pfister, of Montgomery, Quaiten?ta5/er- General,
Michael Tuomey, of Tuscaloosa, State Geologist, 2
John Whiting, of Montgomery, CommV if Trustee to settle Jlffatrs
of State Bank and Brancftfs^ 2
J. A. Pettus, of Montgomery, Private Secretary to Coifrtior
and Keeper of StatK-Iiau^Cf
President of Senate,
Clerk.
Speaker of the House.
Clerk.
William B. Martin, of Benton Co.,
J. H. Phelan, of Coosa Co.,
William Garrett, of Coosa Co.,
M. GrahiEim, of Coosa Co.,
The Senate consists of 33 members, elected for four years, one Jjalf goli
out every two years. The House of Representatives consists of 1 UO mBU
bers, elected for two years. The Legislature meets biennialfy in the ciiy j
Montgomery, on the second Monday of November. The tliird btto^ni
■ession commenced in November, 1853. The pay of the menibera of h^
bouses is $ 4 a day each.
JUDICIART.
Supreme Court. ^
William P. Chilton, of Tnskegee, • Chief Justice, .f .
Geo. Goldthwaite, ofMonlgomerj, Associate Justice, ^^mM.i
Samuel F. Rice, of Montgomery,
276
ALABAMA.
[1866.
Marion A. Baldwin, of Montgomery, AUomey* General^ Fees and 4525
J. H. Shepherd, of Montgomery, Reporter,
John D. Pbelan, of Marion, Clarkf Feea.
The judgea of the Supreme Court, and tlie chancellors, are elected by a
joint vote of the two houses of the General Assembly, for six years. The
Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiciion only, and holds its sessions at the
seat of government, on the first Monday of January and June of each year,
for hearing and determining points of law taken by appeal from the Chan-
cery, Circuit, and Probate Courts. The volumes of reported decisions are
forty-two in number.
Court of Chancery. EUarj.
Wade Keyes, of Montgomery, CkanedUn Southern Dioision^ $2,000
James B. Clarke, of EuUw, « MiddU «' 2,000
A. J. Walker, of Talladega, <« J^orthem " 2,000
The State is divided into three chancery divisions and thirty-nine dis-
tricts, in each of which one session of the court is held annually, and in
some of the larger districts two sessions are held.
Circuit Courts,
Circuit
JudgM.
Salary.
Residence.
Sollcitora.
Ut.
Aadraw B. Moore,
• 2,000
Marlon.
Henry C. Lea.
ad.
Nathan Cooke,
«
HaynesvlUe.
James A. StaUworth.
3d.
Georgt D. Shortridge,
II
Montevallo.
William S. Mudd.
4th.
John E. Moore,
11
Florence.
John S. Kennedy.
6th.
Thomas A. Walker,
II
Jackson trille.
James M. Adams.
6th.
Charies W. Rapier,
II
Mobile.
D. C. Anderson.
7th.
E. W. Pettui,
"
Oainesville.
A. E. Van Hoose.
y--...
J... CiilJSi;}iofler.
"
Barbour Co.
Marion A. Baldwin.
9th.
Koben Doisf liertjf,
*'
Tuskegee.
J. J. Woodward.
This (•oun hm original jurisdiction in all civil and criminal causes in the
Bliite. TvifD BDagions (epring and rdl) are held each year in every county.
IThti BoliciiorSf liosided fees, receive a salary of $250, except in the first
ta|^uit^ where the salary is f 350. The Attorney-General acts as Solicitor
A^ ihf} eighth clrcutt.
Id MijUiIti County ibe criminat jurisdiction has been transferred to a
Citjf Court for Mobile, Salary.
iUe i: a nd e r Mc K( □ stry , of Mobile, Judge, $ 2,000
This court holds three terms each year, on the first Monday of Febru-
vy and Jurve^ and the aecond Monday of October, and has concurrent juris-
, , djition with the Cirt^uU Cotiri^ except in real actions.
Ijiudgts of Probata (who are a bo Clerks of the court and Registers of Deeds
for their respective counties).
Caunticif. Jut^gei, Coiiinies. Judges. Counties. Judges.
Aljianga — Emky B r^ t^ n , Faj ctio — John C. Moore, Monroe — Charles H. Foster,
Bald if ill — Pflirick BjF rno, FrafikHn — Jas. H. Trimble, Montgomery —H. N. Watson,
Green — Jvnes R. ^vans,
Ikiicr^ct —John Penn,
Hvmy — Peter McNaughton,
J^ckKHi — Juhn C. Dixon,
Qttlttiin — AlexaiiikT WdcmJa,
m W. SutLlft,
Morgan — Wm. H. Campbell,
Perry — James F. Bailey,
Pickens— Tristr. S. Thomas,
Pike— Bird Fitqwtrick,
1855.]
ALABAMA.
277
CSountiea. Judge*. OounUai. Judgas. Countie*. Judges.
Butler — Samuel J. BoUi ng, Jefferaoa — Irab Bagley, Randolph — Joseph Burton,
Chambers — Samuel Pearson, Lawrence — Hen. H. McGhee, Russell — Thomas S^ Tate,
Clarke — Henry W. Coate, Lowndes — Edward H. Cook, Shelby — J. M. McClanahan,
Chocuw — Carter N. Wilcox, Lauderdale— W. T. Hawkins, St. Clair — Ross Phillips,
Cherokee — Wm. £.McDaniel,Lime8tone — Thos. O. Tyus, Sumpter — Benj. J. H. Gainns,
Coffee — James Clazton, Macon — Lewis Alexauder, Talladega — Alex. J.
Conecuh — AD. Carey, Madison — F. L. Hammond, Tallapoosa — Marcus C. Lane,
Coosa — J. W. Suttle, Marion — John D. Terrell, Tuscaloosa — Moses McOuira,
Covington — Wm, T. Acres, Marengo — James A. Young, Walker — Thos. M. Gabbet,
Dale — Abel Echols, Marshall — Montg. Oilbreath, Washington — T. S. Parker,
Dallas — Thomas G. Rainer, Mobile — Edwin Rust, Wilcox — John A. Jacksoo.
De Ealb— Reuben Estes,
In consequence of an amendment of the constitution of the State, ratified in January,
1850, the preceding list of Judges of the Circuit Courts, Judge of the City Court of Mobil*,
and Judges of Probate were all elected by the peopkj on the first Monday of May, 1860, and
for a term of six years.
Finances.
Foreign debt, June 30, 1853, $4,497,666.00
Annual interest on the same, nearly .
Domestic debt, riz: —
Common school fund,
University fund, .
Three per cent, fund,
Total amount of domestic debt, .
Annual interest on the same, nearly
1 1,07^,817.64
250,000.00
345,403.33
230,000.00
1,671,220.97
60,000.00
The State Is also liable for 8 669,088.95, United States surplus revenue.
Tlie receipts and expenditures for the years 1862 and 1853 were as follows : —
Receipts in 1862 $699,687.85
Receipts in 1853, 664,230.32
ti.aa,aiai7
Balance in Treasury, November 1, 1851, , ft2n 7-11 06 j
Total means for 1852 and 1853, %ymfimM
Expenditures in 1852, . • $ 665,215.08
Expenditures in 1853 186,274 46
Si7l,i^
Balance in Treasury, 30th September, 1858, ^l^zmM'aM
Of this balance at least $ 1,000,000 are in the notes of thefitate bank and bmrichi^. WMnn
these notes are in circulation, they constitute a liability of the State ; when iiuho iretrntury ,
they are only evidence of debts paid. This reduces considerably the batnutu h) the
Treasury.
Chief Sources of Income.
. $1,083,323.78
Taxes, ....
Banks,
Two and three per cent. Funds, .
Comroon School Fund,
From United States, for suppressing
Creek hostilities.
From United States, expenditures for
Mexican War, ....
Taxes on suits in Supreme Court,
SaleofOodeof Alahama, .
Other sources, ....
Principal hema of Expenditure.
Salaries and expenses of ExecDep., $17,967.67
24
Salaries of Judiciary, . . %AAS^Ml
Pay, &c. of the General Assembly^ M^m'i 16
12,000.00 One half value of slaves executL^d,
35,903.13
87,146.82
17,762,23
6,206.89
6,281.22
2,976.15
Public printing.
Expenses of the Code of Alabama,
Interest on Common School Fund,
University Fund,
Trustees of State Bank& brancbes, a9^3,73a,4!
Three per cent. Fund,
Support of prisoners, .
Alabama Insane Hospital,
13,217.90 Indigent deaf and dumb.
Decisions of Supreme Court,
Prosecution of crime, .
2S,7l
278 MISSISSIPPI. [1855.
Alabama Penitentiary. — At Wetiimpinu Whole number in confinement, Oct. 1, 18S2,
156, — 1S2 males, 4 females. Received during the year, 93. Whole number during the year,
219. Discharged by expiration of sentence, 23 ; by pardon, 24 ; escape, 6 ; death, 5 ; error, 1 ;
in all, 68; leaving In prison OcU 1, 1853, 191, all males, — 190 white, and 1 free colored.
13 were convicted of murder in the first degree ; 17 in second degree ; 6 of manslaughter ;
14 of assault with intent to kill; U of negro stealing; 17 of horse stealing; 6 of robbing the
mail ; 10 of robbery ; 41 of larceny. There were 16 under 20 years of age ; 81 from 20 to 30 ;
66ftt>m30to40; 21 from 40 to 50; 11 from 50 to 60; 6finm60to70; 1 from 70 to 80. 23
•rs natives of Alabama ; 25 of Georgia ; 24 of South Carolina ; 11 of Tennessee ; 67 of other
States; and 41 foreigners. 18 are imprisoned for life; 4 for 20 years; 34 for 10 yearsj and
103 for 5 years and under.
Provifitfn was made by the Legislature of 1851 and 1852 for establishing a Sute institution
called "The Alabama Insane Hospital," and an appropriation was made towards the erection
of buildings. Also, 1 5,000 were appropriated for *' organizing and susuining an institution
for the deaf and dumb."
The sum oft 10,000 was set apart to aid tho State geolpgist in the discharge of his duties.
XVUI. MISSISSIPPI.
Government for the Year 1855.
Term expires. Salary.
John J. McRAX,ofClark Co., Governor, Jan., 1856, $3,000
W. H. Muse, of Tishemingo, Secretary of State, Nov., 1855, 1,200
C. F. Hemmingway, of Carroll, State Treasurer, " 1,500
Madison McAfee, of Holmes, Auditor of Public Accounts, ^ 1,500
L. Julienne, Adjutant- General, , 600
M. M. Smith, Keeper of the Capitol and Librarian, 500
F. L. Swiinn, Keeper of ike Penitentiary, 1,500
LKobert JcNMljn, State Commissioner, 1,500
Judiciary.
High Court of Errors and Appeals.
Term ends. Salary.
otesMTonli P. Smith, of Woodville, Presid, Judge, 2d Dist, 1855, $ 3,000
Jiaa S. Fiftlmr, of Yalobusha, Judge, 3d Dist., 1857, 3,000
David C. Glenn, of Jackson, Attorney- General, 1,200
C- R. Clifton, Clerk, Fees.
Th<? juttdiiiction of the High Court is appellate exclusively. There are
two lern^^ each year in Jackson, commencing on the first Monday of
April and October. The court may continue in session as long as busi-
ness r£?((3jirest and may order a special term, or adjourn to meet at any time.
The judg^.^a are also authorized to meet annually on the third Monday in
June, iri t\m lown of Oxford, to receive the written and hear the oral argu-
ments of causes from the third district, provided the State is not a party.
The reporter is elected by the Legislature. The reports are to be called
the *^ Mi»^3i39ippi Reports/' and are to be printed, bound, and published in
the i^taie of Mississippi. The common law form of pleading has been
ftboUflhed, and a system somewhat similar to that of chancery or civil law
1855.] MISSIBBIPPI. 279
The Superior Court of Chancery, held at the Capitol at Jackson, is in
law considered always open. The Chancellor is authorized to hold the
same at such times and for such periods as business may require, upon giv-
ing three weeks' notice in the newspapers. The District Chancery Courts
have concurrent power and jurisdiction, within their respective districts,
with the Superior Court of Chancery, where the amount in controversy
does not exceed $500,000, and have the same power as the Chancellor of
the State, both in term time and in vacation. Special terms of the District
Chancery Courts may be holden by the Vice-Chancellors, respectively, by
giving thirty days* public notice.
The Circuit Court has original jurisdiction in civil cases in which \)ie
sura in controversy exceeds $50. For each of the seven circuits, a judge
and attorney are elected, every four years, from November, 1840. It has
also exclusive criminal jurisdiction. '
There is also a Probate Court, with a judge and clerk for each county.
The Probate Court in most of the counties has a term of from two to six
days each month. The Probate Clerk is also Register of Deeds.
Charles Scott,
John T. Simms,
Henry Dickinson,
A..B. Dawson,
Seldon S. Wright,
Superior Court of Chancery.
of , Chancellor^
• of Jackson, Clerk,
District Chancery Courts,
Vice- Chancellor, Northern District,
«* Southern DiaLrict,
« Middle District,
District or Circuit Courts,
Salary.
$2,600
$2,000
2,000
2^
s
1
2
3
4
Judges.
District Attomeya
Q
■5
6
7
Judges,
DtalrlctAltcmieyM.
Stanhope Posey.
Wiley P. Harris.
Richards BametL
John Watts.
Thomas Y Berry
John E. McNair.
Charles E. Hooker.
George Wood.
Robert C. Perry.
HughR.MlUer.
taham MnrrisonH
JohjjW.Thomptun
FllTAlfCKS.
The total receipts into the Treasury from Jan. 1, 1850, to Dec 11, ISSI , wvrv f S2I ,00^21 ,
of which S 131,646.14 were from the lax of 1850. The disbursement s during itiB eame pe-
riod were 8223,637.15, showing an excess of disbursements over receipLe oT S2,43£-04. A
report of the State Treasurer, dated Feb. 16, 1852, shows that there wius due on itiAt Jaie ^-^
$95,152.22
To the sinking fund,
To seminary fund.
To two per cent, fund, .
To appropriation to the common
school fund, riz : —
To the 9th of March, 1850, . 200,000.00
To the 1st of May, 1861, . 60,000.00
To the 1st of May, 1852, . . 600,000 00
Amount brought irp»
79,662.67 To Chickasaw scliool fund,
8,502.88
8,712.43
To three per cent fund, . . 24^896.09
In the treasury, frtmn all aources,
February 16, 1852, . i . 483,^13.0$
Deficit, . , . , 8^,107.57
$516,926 22
Common Schooh.^ There is no uniform Common School dystetb for all the countJsi.
Each township has a school fund arising from the lease of lands grsnted by Consre-N^ fnr
common school purposes, — every 16ih section in each townslilp Imvin^ bua «o gmiUeJ*
These Uuids are leased for rarious periods, but mostly for nindiy-nine years. Tho money
thence arising ii lotned aiuuaUy at not IflM than 8 nor more than 10 per coat, per ormam
280 LOUUIAKA. [1865.
lotarHL This Intaraft ii the tiDoant upiXM to toitioD, fte. ■nnaaUj from the townahip
fund. Then is aloo a couDtj fund, arisinf from fines, Ibrieitttrei, liceneee, ice., whieh ie
diatribuied in iboee towoahips that are destitute or have but a small school fund. The
school sections in some townshipe are worth many thousand dollars, and in others only a
feer hundreds. Hence great inequality in the funds of the townships, and the necessity of
tliB above method of distributlof the coonty funds.
XIX. LOUISIANA.
GovenunerU for the Year 1655.
Term ends. Salary.
Paul O.UsBXRT, of Iberville, Governor^ Jan., 1858, f 4,000
• • Lieut.' Gov. ^ Pres. of Senate^ «* $ 8 a day,
[during the session of the Legislatare.
A. S. Heron, of Baton Roage, Secretary of State, Jan., 1856, 2,000
Thomas B. R. Hatch, «* Priv. See. to Gov.^ 1,000
C. E. Greneaux, ** Treasurer, 2,500
Samuel F. Marks, of West Feliciana, j9tk2i£or of Accounts^ 4,000
Louis Bringier, of New Orleans, Surveyor- General^ 600
S. M. Westmore, of New Orleans, Mj. and Insp.- General^ 1856, 500
L. J. Sigur, of New Orleans, Register of Land-Office^ "250&fee8.
John N. Carrigan, of Point Coupee, Superintend, of Education,^* 2,000
George W.Morse, of Natchitoches, SbKs Engineer, ** 3,000
J. Claiton Taylor, of Baton Rouge, Assistant Engineer, '* 2,000
Henry Droz, of New Orleans, State Librarian^ " 1,200
The Governor and Lieutenant-Governor are elected by a plurality of
▼otes, and for four years. The Governor is ineligible for the four years
succeeding his term of office. The Secretary of State is elected by the
people for four years, and the Treasurer for two. Senators, 32 in number,
are elected for four years ; one half every two years. Representatives,
not less than 70 nor more than 100 in number, are chosen for two years.
. The Legislature meets annually. The pay of senators and representatives
I is $ 4 a day. The sessions are not to last more than 60 days : acts passed
* afler 60 days are invalid.
Judiciary.
The chief justice of the Supreme Court is elected by the people of the
x whole State, and for 10 years : the four associates are chosen for the same
eriod, but in districts. Their compensation is established by the consti-
l^tution. ' The Court is in session in New Orleans from the first Monday in
^November to the end of June. It has appellate jurisdiction when more
than ( 300 is in dispute, when the legality of any tax or of any fine imposed
by a municipal corporation is in question, and in criminal cases, on ques-
tions of law alone, when death, hard labor, or a fine of $ 300 is imposed.
The attorney-general and the district attorneys are elected by the people
for four years ; the former by the State at large ; the latter in their respec-
tive districts. The inferior judges, clerks of court j justices of the peace,
■heri&, and coroners are chosen by the people.
* Lieui. Got. W. W. Farmer died of yeUow-lever, Ociober 89, 1851
\
1855.]
LOUISIANA.
281
Thomas Slidell,
A. M. Buchanan, "
A. N. Ogden, «»
C. Voorhies, "
James Campbell, of Natchitoches,
Wm. L. Randolph, of New Orleans,
Isaac £. Morse, "
Eugene Lasere, *'
Robert Taylor, of Opelousas,
Duncan S.Goodwin, of Alexandria,
Henry H. Bry, of Monroe,
Supreme Court.
of New Orleans, Chief Justice, April,' 1863, $ 6,000
" Associate Justice, 1855, 5,500
« " 1857, 5,500
" " 1859, 5,500
" 1861, 5,500
Reporter, 2,500
Attorney- General, 1856, 3,500
Clerk in Jfeto Orleans, Fees.
" Opelousasj "
" Alexandria, «»
" Monroe, "
District Courts ofJiew Orleans : — 1st District.
Districts. Judges.
1. John C. Larue,
James N. Lea,
"Thomas H. Kennedy,
M. M. Reynolds,
D. Augustin,
J. B. Cotton,
B. S. Tappan, Attorney,
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Term ends. Salary.
1857, $3,500
3,500
3,500
3,500
3,500
3,500
Qerks.
D. Scully,
H. Derbes,
W. J. Castell,
W. C. Auld,
W. A. Nott,
S. Newberger,
Term ends.
Nov., 1858
John P. Freret, Sheriff.
Other District Courts.
Districts. Judges. Attorneys.
2. Octave S. Etousseau, Louis Lombard.
3. Victor Burthe,
4. Albert Duffel,
6. Jas. L Cole,
6. Wm B. Robertson,
7. James L. Sterling,
8. G. W. Watterston,
9. Tliomas J. Cooley,
10. Alonzo Snyder.
Districts. Judges. Attorneys.
11. Edward Barry, W. H. Hough.
12. R. W. Richardson, R. J. Caldwell.
13. Ralph Cushman, J. Id C. Ihirluw.
14. Thos. C. Nicholls, S, H McGill.
16. L. J. Dupr«, P. O. HaRiy.
16. Chichester Chaplin, Wk J Hamitlqitr
17. John Young',
18. Henry M. SpofTord, GeorgfiWiUtaj
C. P. Dreux.
E. Legendre.
J. J. Roman.
Robert O. Beale.
W. F. Kernan.
Geo. H. Penn.
P. A. Roy.
James Nolan.
Education. — The constitution prorides that " free puhlic schools shall bo estabTf sb
throughout the State ; the proceeds of lands granted for the purpose, and of Eiiiida «ach^ifli
to the Slate, shall be held as a permanent fund, on which six per cent. inierQ^l AhatL bw \
hy the State for the support of these schools." The yearly sum of • 250,000 is approprid
for the support of the free schools of the State, and is derived from the levy ijf a tax or i
mill on the dollar, and from the imposition of a poll-tax of S 1 on each wliita imnCft inhubSl-
ant of the State. The School Fund, January 1, 1854, amounted to 8 3S7.7^.r^, — ihcirif
• 343,972 57 of capital and • 43,756. 1 1 of accrued interest. There is be? i il t; ^ l fir s 1 1 i n^ ry
Fund, which at the same date was • 140,627.96, — being • 122,071. &1 iif cipnil, ^nd '
1 18,466.32 of interest. But these now are funds of account only, and coDsist n^nrf^L^ of i
debt of the State to the fund. The number of school districts in the Stat&r Sopiember \
1819, was 621 ; number of schools in operation, 704 ; number of children in tha Stnle bettf
6 and 16, 63,716; average attendance for the year, 22,927. 20,262 children did noi pu
schooL The average period of tuition was 6 months and 13 days. AmoKni «xpen^«tf \
teachers' salaries, $195,389; expended for building, renting, or purchaslni,' echuoE hoiisei',
$134,689,000. By the Superintendent's Report in January, 1864, it appLiir** Utiisrr fro^e
62,467 educable children between 6 and 16 years of age in the Sute in 1 S5vt. Thi» nc/H^iin^
paid to teachers out of the State apportionment for the year was $ 29,909 1 5. Tha Hchool
report conulns no other school statistics than these of any general i
24*
MS LomsiAHA. [1855.
FiVATOXt.
Total raeeipu Into the Treasury Ibrtho year ending Dec 31, 1863, $2,148,407.66
Balance, DecMDber 31, 1862, 355.704.84
Tttlal rerenue for the year, 9 2,604,172.49
Disbureeineate for the same period, 1,340,443.30
BalanceintheTrearary, December 31, 1853 $1,163,729.19
The aottrcas of income are direct taxes, aales of public lands, and licenses of trades and
professions. The principal items of expenditare are the public debt, schools, executive and
judiciary; erection of public buildings. Charity Hospital, deaf and dnmb^ orphans, ths
Psailsntiary, &c.
Chief SoureeM of Ineonu. iDistrict attorneys, . $10,603.18
Ordinary revenue, general fund, $490,514.07g»Pen«« in criminal prosecutions, 15,384.51
Sale of Bonds, .... 760,000.00[ro owners of slaves convicted, 1,500.00
Loans lOO.OOO.Ooff^ P«Wic schools, . . . 343,826.43
Dividends Banic Stock, . . 166,629.27^*^ Li»»f«7, .... 1,564.10
Intsrsst from debu due, . . ii,070.09 Priming «>d advertising, . . 33,598i)l
Geosral government, Mexican war, 7,325.86 Do. for constitutional convention, 16,249.25
Sale ofslaves out of depot, . . 2,061.15 Sute census 8,536.58
Sales internal improvement lands, l7,272.0fflCommis8ions to coHectors, . . 40,044.11
Sales swamp hmds, . 209,170.96peduction8 to collecton, . 42,672.30
Howl and Levee Fund,. . . 6,r65.73^Compensation to assessors, . . 27,488.77
MlUtax, 340,076.49 Interest, 70,9880)0
PoUtax, 38,683XKNP«»i<u»t 11,196.00
ppropriations for charities, . 83,819.84
Principal iKetna of Esptnditun, [premiums to builders of vessels
Executive, .... $22,017.87 in the State 3,809.56
Oontlngsnt expenses of Executive, 16,036.66 Revision of Statutes, 6,260.00
Lsgislature, compensation and Advancement of medical educa-
contingent expeiwes, . 128,023.21 tlon in the State, . . 6,000.00
Judiciary 86,390.08lRepayment of loans, . . 200,000.00
Smt Debt, —The Slate debt, properly so called, amounted January 1, 1854, to $ 2,069,000.00
^ Add tot he Sute's indebtedness for the property banks, . . $8,421,888
Secarji] MuiiicipaUty of New Orleans, 198,240
8.620.12800
TnL;^l S lite debt, $10,tid»,12b.U0
Fif^. linnkB. — Vp to December 31, 1853, two banks had been organized under the Free
Bahkiug Law, the Bank of New Orleans and the Southern Bank. The amount of notes
• Connie r^l^iaed and issued to them was $ 829,000, and city and State securities to that amount
<vejr^ lodf dd with the auditor.
Xfi ui^inna Penitentiary. — Baton Rouge. Prisoners in confinement January 1, 1853, 273 ;
]r«£«ETwj daring the year, 107; in ail, 380. Discharged by expiration of sentence, 78; by
ps^rfljii, 6 ; by death, 13 ; in all, 97 ; leaving in prison January 1, 1854, 283, — 186 whiles, 82
tflUirdxi Win, and 15 colored females ; and of these 77 were slaves. 44 were convicted of
tnunler; '^of manslaughter; 2 of poisoning; 20 of assaulting or stabbing white men; 2 of
ill veiglin^ slaves; 6 of negro stealing; 7 of horse stealing; 1 of aiding slave to escape; 68
qfliircciiy -, 6 of burglary ; 27 of robbery. 45 were natives of Louisiana; 129 of other of the
Untiuti Slates; and 109 were foreigners. The services of the prisoners are let out by
contract.
Ihnf find Dumb. —Buildings have been erected for this institution at Baton Rouge, and
Ihlri^eei pupils were admitted up to March 1, 1853. The State paid $ 10,305 for the educa-
lu>n oi'Ac f and dumb children in 1853.
, _^^_5. ^ Jiii?*!. .Uy/um.— The State has erected a building for a State Lunatic Asylum at Jackson,
^^^nind in 1853 paid $ 8,000 for the support of an Insane Asylum there.
"^M Charity Hoepitat at New Orleane. — During the year 1853, 13,759 patients were admitted
V|nto the Hospital ; 10,733 were discharged, and 3,164 died. Of the patients admitted, 12,333
1865.] TBXAS. 888
were natiTM of foreign countries, 1,531 of the United States, and ISO unknown. The coet of
the maintenance of the Hospital for the year was 9 69,805.62 ; its raceipu were $83,141.93.
There arrired in New Orleans during the year 25,954 adult pessengers, and 8,916 under
14 years of age. The capitation tax on passengers for the use of the hospital amounted to
$ 53,482.51. For the first time since 1842 the hospital was free from debt.
XX. TEXAS.
Gotemment for the Year 1855.
Term ends. Salary.
EdmuhdM.Pease, of Austin, Governor, Dec. 21, 1855, $2,000
David C. Dicluon, of Anderson, Lieut,'Gov,^ Pres. ofSen.^ 1855, (5 a day
[during session of Legislature.
Edward Clark, of Austin, Secretary of SUUe^ 1,800
Thos. J. Jennings, of Austin, Attorney* General^ 1,800
James H.Raymond, of Austin, Treasurer^ 1,800
James B. Shaw, of Austin, Comptroller^ 1,800
John M. Swisher, of Austin, Auditor , 1,500
James S. Gillett, of Austin, Adjutant- Genera^ 1,200
Stephen Crosby, of Austin, Comm, of Land-OffUe^ 2,000
James Gillespie, oi l^xxnXMsiXle^ SupeHntendent of Penitentiary^ 1,200
The sessions of the Legislature are biennial, and are held at Austin, be«
ginning on the first Monday in November. Members receive $ 5 a day,
and $5 for every twenty-five miles* travel. The fifth biennial session
met at Austin, November, 1853.
Judiciary.
The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and two asBociates, wfi
are chosen by the people for six years. Sessions are held onec a year, at
Austin, on the 2d Monday of November; at Galveston, on the let Ali^jndsy
of January ; and at Tyler, on the Ist Monday in April. The court has ap
pellate jurisdiction only coextensive with the limits of the State; but
criminal cases, and appeals from interlocutory judgments, it is undur 1egi«]A«
tive regulations. The judges of the District Court are elected fur aii years,
and hold a court twice a year in each county. The District Cource htivo
original jurisdiction in all criminal cases, and in all suits, both id law and
equity, in which more than ( 100, exclusive of interest, ii iit stake. In
criminal cases, if the punishment be not specifically determined by Wvf^ Uio
jury shall determine it. In equity causes, either party may demand a jwry.
The judges of both courts may be removed by the Governor on the adrlreg
of two thirds of each house; or upon impeachment, to be tried by the Sen
ate. There is also in each county a County Court, sitting once a month
a Court of Ordinary, and once in three months for the transaciiMii of county
business. Justices of the Peace, with jurisdiction to the amount <?r $ 10
are elected in precincts fbr two years.
284 TEXAS. [1855.
Supretnt Court.
John Hemphill, of Aastin, Chief Justice^ 1858, $2,000
Abner S. Lipscomb, of Independence, Associate Justice, 1858, 2,000
Royall T. Wheeler, of Galveston, «< 1858, 2,000
Thomas Green, of Austin, Clerkj Fees.
p. C.Hartley, of Galveston, Rqxnrter^ Sale of Reports.
District Courts,
Judges. Residence.
1. Nelson H.Munger, San Felipe,
2. John Hancock, Austin,
3. R. E. B. Baylor, Independence,
4. T. J. Devine, San Antonio,
6. A. W. O. Hicks, Shelbyville,
6. W. W. Morris, Henderson,
* 7. P. W. Gray, Houston,
a W. S. Todd, Clarksville,
9. John H. Reagan, Palestine,
10. Fielding Jones, Victoria,
11. J. L. Ankrim, El Paso,
12. A. W. Arrington, Brownsville,
13. Henry J. Jewett, Centreville,
14. James Webb, Corpus Christi,
Salary. Attorneys. Residence.
• 1,750 John A. Wharton, Brazoria,
1,750 A. H. Chalmers, Austin,
1 ,750 A. W. Battle, Waco,
1 ,750 Frank Egan , San Antonio)
1,750 L. F. Cacey, Shelby ville,
1,750 S. P. Dowley, Rusk,
1 ,750 ArthurMiddleton,HuntsTiUe,
1,750 B. P. Smith, Sherman,
1,750 John E. Cravens, Palestine,
1,750 R. E. Williams, Clinton,
1,760 J. C. Sheldon, El Paso,
1,750 E. J. Davis, * Rio Grande City, 600
1,750 Roberts. Gould, Centreville, 600
1 ,750 J. T. Enoch, Corpus Christi, 500
Finances.
Salary.
• 600 and fees.
600 "
600 "
600 "
600 "
600 "
600 "
600 "
600 "
600 "
600 "
cla
^. pn
^^^^ we
m
Ptt6/te Deft/. — By the act of the Legislature of the 20th of March, 1848, all holders of the
liabilities of the late Republic of Texas were required to present them to the Auditor and Comp-
troller of Public Accounts " on or before the second Monday in November, 1849 ; and all
claims that shall not be presented on or before that time shall be postponed." The claims
presented to and acted upon by the Auditor and Comptroller, under the provisions of this law,
wears t^ be r«pT>rtetl lo the Legislature at its next session, "for final adjustment." Those
■t Win not pre wanted and acted upon by the accounting officers before the second Monday
NuveiiiKier, IrfiVJ, cannot be brought in without further legislative action.
^The Au[|itor and Oomplroller, November 12, 1861, made a report to the Legislature upon
ifi iLi.^bL of Tt9XM», which has been recognized and adopted by the State.
Tli'^ nr^iflLiiiiblo or face value of all the claims filed according to law is • 9,647,253, of which
ihB pit vnlue \i S 4,807,764 ; and the whole amount not filed •2,789,738, worth • 2,019,614;
mg the tQLn) ostensible debt • 12,436,991, or • 6,827,278 par. This includes interest.
1^ Aetyi is ct^aifjed as follows: — FHrai Cleu§. Consisting of audited or ascertained
limfl. Si^cond Clou. Claims sufficiently authenticated to be admitted to be audited under
laws of iha Republic. Third CUu8. Claims not sufficiently authenticated toauthor-
tlieif bet Elf audited under the laws of the Republic
ATnomil of Ostensible. Par.
FlmlClaag, •8,587,132.92 $3,817,321.64
Sflccind CliiBV 962,445.12 892,767.63
Third Ctaaa, 97,675.10 97.67510
Totals « 9,647,253.14 •4,807,764.37
\m i^l oliUJ embraces all consolidated fund, funded debt, treasury bonds, and audited
piper, JEicludin^ iha claims for naval vessels, loan from United States Bank, &c. The
end cbu ernbrn^d claims not audited, but for debts contracted by the government under
"^^ sanction of Tawt, The third class embraces claims not provided for by law, though
foany (if ihom aro Mghly meritorious. Among them are many claims for losses sustained
lEturiu':^ thfl war, from the appropriation or destruction of property by the Texan army or
th»l (jf Mie enemy. •1,114,144.64 of the public debt has been paid. ,
3*hB act of Car]ffra« of September 9, 1850, provided that, as an indemnity for lands ceded
1855.] ARKANSAS.* 285
bj that aa, for public property ceded bj annexation, and for relinquishment of all claims
upon tbe United States, the United States should pay to Texas • 10,000,000, in 5 per cent,
stock, redeemable at the end of 14 years, with interest payable half yearly. $ 5,000,000 of
this stock was not to be issued " until the creditors of the State holding bonds and other
certificates of stock of Texas, for tohich duties on imports trere specially pledged, shall first
file in proper form, at the Treasury of the United Sutes, releases of all claims against the
United States on account of said bonds or certificates." The United States has decided that
all the public debt of Texas created prior to the act of Congress of that republic of the 14th
of January, 1840, and all the deb( of said republic made receivable lor all public dues, are
debts of Texas for which the duties on imports are specially pledged, and that releases of all
claims against the United Sutes for or on account of such debts should be filed in the Treas*
ury Department of the United States before the President will be justified in issiung any
of the second five millions of stock to Texas, as provided in the act of Congress of the 9th of
September, 1850.
The receipts for the year ending October 31, 1853, were nearly :~
Balance ofcash, October 31, 1852, $4,261,651.20
Received of dues to the late Republic, 3,635.87
Revenue of state, — Taxes and interest, and premium upon U.S. bonds, 244,278.70
ToUl, including balance, •4,509,565.77
The expenditures were : —
Paid on Treasury warrants, 8 346,694 90
Debt of late republic from proceeds of United States bonds, . . . 116,460.52
Balance in cash, October 31, 1853, — In U. & bonds, S 3,628,000 00
Specie, . . . 418,410.35
• 4,046,410.35
$4,509,565.77
XXI. ARKANSAS.
Government for the F«ar 1855.
Elias N. Cowwat, of Little Rock, Governor (term of office Salary.
expires November, 1856), Use of a house and $ 1,800
David B. Greer, of Little Rock, Sec. of State^ Perquiaites and 1,000
Christopher C. DanlejT, «* Jlud, of Pub, Ace^ts^ Fee? and 1,200
John H. Crease, of Pulaski Co., Treasurer^ Fees and BOQ
Thos. B. Hanley, President of the Senate.
Benjamin P. Jett, Speaker of the Hotise.
The Secretary of State, Auditor, and Treasurer are elected by a Joint
vote of both houses of the General Assembly. The Legislaturt^ iiicels bt*
ennially at Little Rock. Number of Senators, 25; of Repreaentalnes, 75.
Their compensation is $3 a day during the session, and $3 for every 2ii\
miles* travel in going to and returning from the seat of government.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court. Term endi. Salary,
George C. Watkins, of Little Rock, Chief Justice^ I860, $ 1 ,800
Christopher C. Scott, of Ouachita Co., Associate Justice^ 1858, 1 »@00
David Walker, of Washington Co., " 1856, 1,80(1
John J. Clendenin, of Little Rock, Attorney- Gen&ral^ 600
Ltike £. Barber, «' Clerks Feed.
Elbert U. fingUtb, " Reporter,
286 TSNNSSSSB. [185(K
The Supreme Coort has appellate juriadiction only, except in particular
casesi pointed oat by the constitution. It holds annually two terms at Little
Rock, in January and July. The judges are elected by the General As-
sembly, by a joint vote of both houses, for eight years.
The Circuit Court has original jurisdiction over all criminal cases not ex-
pressly provided for otherwise by law ; and exclusive original jurisdiction of
all crimes amounting to felony at common law ; and original jurisdiction of
all civil cases which are not cognizable before justices of the peace ; and in
all matters of oontract, where the sum in controversy is over (100. It
holds annually two terms in each circuit. The judges and prosecuting at-
torneys are elected by the people, the former for four, and the latter for
two years.
Jud^M. Salary. Prosecuting Attomejrs. Salary.
1 tt Circuit, Charlaa W. Adanu, • 1 ,500 Benrr A? Baldwlo, Fees and^ 900
Sd " JohD C. Murray, 1,600 T. F. Sorr«lle, " 300
3d " Baaufort H. Naely, 1,600 John M. Byen, " 300
4th " Felix J. Batson, 1,600 Hugh F. Tbomaoop, " 300
6th " William H. Field, 1,500 John J. Clendenin, tOOO
6th " ShehoDWaiacm, 1,50» OrriUe Jennings, Fees and 300
FiVAVCXS.
Balance iu the treasury, October 1, 1860 $203,961.08
Received from all sources from September 30, 1850, 1o September 30, 18S2, . 386.767.03
Total, 690,72«.ll
EzpendiUires during the same period, 637,263.34
Balanceintreasury, October 1,1852, $53,464.77
Of which balance, the sum of $ 16,692 is in specie, and applicable to the redemption of treas-
ury warrants. The rest belongs tQ specified funds.
Staie Debt. — The whofe amount of unredeemed State bonds sold by the State
Bank, Oct. 1, 1852, was $953,000
Add inurest from July, 1842, to October 1, 1852 * 605.620
Total amount sf bonds sold by the Stale Bank, $ 1,568,620
$33,000 of the bonds are due in January, 1867, and 915,000 in January, 1868.
TasabU Property in 1852. — Number of acres of land 4,108,272; ralue with improve-
menta, $17,129,613. Value of city, &c. lots and improvementa, $1,735,512. Slaves be-
tween 6 and 60 years of age, 36,432; yalue, $16,712,357. 198 saw-mills; value, $147,006.
82 tan-yards; value, $20,203. 42 distilleries ; value, $3,945. Value of pleasure carriages,
$ 63,237 ; of hones over 2years old, $1,978,250 ; of mules over 2 years, $ 560,360 ; of jwks
and jennies, $67,023; of neat cattle over 2 years, $1,166,526; of stock in trade of o^^
trades, Ac, $ 964,670 ; of loans orer debts, $ 284,431 ; of stearaboata, ferries. Ax.., $ 19,463 ;
gold watches and jewelry, $39,511. Total value of taxable property, $ 41,000,556. Amount
of State tax, $ 88,906. 12. Number of polls, 28,238.
AlTDBBW JoHNSOir,
ber, 1855),
W. U. A. Ramsey
Anthony Dibrell,
Ajctiinr R. Crozier,
XXII. TENNESSEB.
GavemrMnt far tke Year 1855.
of Greenville, Govertiar (term expires Octo- Sklary.
$3,000
of Nashyille, See. of St. fy Int. Imp. Comm'r, 800 A f.
" Treasurer, 1,500
" Comptroller of the Trtaawry^ 2,000
^
1856.]
TSa^ESSBB.
287
$1,000
J. L. T. Sneed, of Memphis, Attorney-Gen, ^ Reporter^
Wm. H. Wisener, of Shelby ville. Speaker of the House.
JuDICIARr.
Supreme Court,
A. O. W. Totten, of Jackson, Judge, Western Division, $2,500
RobertJ.McKinney, of Greenville, " Eastern " 2,500
R. L. Carathers, of Lebanon, " Middle " 2,500
Wm. H. Stephens, of Jackson, Clerk, Western " Fees.
James W. Campbell, of Knoxville, «» Eastern " "
James P. Clark, of Nashville, »' Middle *' «*
The judges of the Supreme Court are elected by the people, for the term
of 8 years. The judges of the inferior courts are elected in the same
manner, for 8 years. There are 14 Circuit Courts. Salary of each judge,
$2,000. Each circuit has an attorney, paid by fees, who is also elected by
the people for 6 years.
Court of Chancery, Salary.
Isaac B. Williams, of Paris, Chancellor, Western Dimsion, $2,000
S. J. W. Luckey, of Jonesborough,
S. D. Frierson, of Columbia, '*
Bromfield L. Ridley, of Jefferson, <<
T. Nixon Vandyke, of Athens, . "
Stephen C. Pavott, of Camden, "
Circuit Courts,
Judges. Residence.
1. David T.Patterson, Greenville.
2. Eben Alexander, Knoxyille.
3. J. C. Gaut, Cleveland.
4. John L. Goodall, Sparta.
5. H. L. Danielson, Shelbyville.
6. Nathaniel Baxter, Nashville.
7. W. W. Pepper, Springfield.
8. W. P. Martin, Columbia.
9. Wm. Fitzgerald, Paris.
10. John Read, Jackson.
11. J. C. Humphreys, Memphis.
12. Robert H. Hynds, Dandridge.
13. A. J. Marchbanks, M'Minnville. G. J. Stuhlfield,
14. Elijah Walker, Waynesboro*. L. M. Bentley,
Criminal Court of Davidson County,
William K. Turner, of Nashville, Judge,
Eastern
Middle
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Attorneys.
Samuel Powell,
W. G. McAdso,
George W. Bridges,
T. B. Murray,
J. L. Scudder,
W. B. Bates,
J. M. Q^uarles,
Nathan Adams,
John A. Rogers,
D. P. Scurlock,
G. W. Hardin,
'M. Thomburg,
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
Residence-
Rug(3tsviUe.
Knoxville.
Sparta^
SheibyviLIoi
GaJlatin.
CinrkflvilJe-
PidttsUi* '■
DfeBden*
Jackson.
Boiiviii.
New Marke»
M'Minnville*
Lawrenctburg.
Salary i
$1,500
#
Common Laio and Chancery Court of the City of Memphis.
John P. Caruthers, of Lagrange, Judge,
Criminal Court of the City of Memphis.
B. F. McKieman, of Memphis, Judge,
$1,300
288 KKNTUOKT. [1856.
FurAVCBfly
For tJu Two Yeart ending October, 1853.
Total amount raceired, •1,202,046.30
Wbola amount eipendad, 1.218,387.28
EzccMofezpeDdituraa, •16,340.96
Balance in the treaaury, Oct. 1, 1861, 222,771.80
Balance in the trearary, Oct. 1, 1863, 9206,4^0.82
The propertj of the State, coosieting of etocka In banks, railroads, and turnpike companies,
amounts to • 3,664,466.66, and Is mosUj productive. The Sute also hoUs mortgages of the
aerefml railroads as security for lu loans and indorsement of their bonds. The State debt,
October 1, 1863, waa •6,746,866.66; on which about $326,000 Interest accniee annually.
The Slate has also the contingent liability to npay the United Slates surplus reTenue, lie-
ing • 1,363,209. There is a school fund of near $ 1,600,000.
XXIII. KENTUCKY.
Ooveminent for the Year 1855.
Laiarus W. Powbll, of Hendenon Co., Governor (term of office
expires August, 1855),
James P. Metcalfe, of Nicholas Co.,
Thomas S. Page,
James R. Watson,
Elisha A. Macurdjr,
R. C. Wintersmith,
John M. Harlan,
E. H. Tole,
Benjamin Selbj,
John D. Mdthewii,
A. G, Hoilges Jk. Co., of Frankfort,
Jf RusaelL Hawkinsi
*thomas J. HeliP,
of Frankfort,
of Frankfort,
of Frankfort,
of Louisville,
of Frankfort,
of Frankfort,
of Trimble,
of Paducah,
Sdary.
$2,500
750
2,000
900
1,250
1,700
150
100
400
750
Secretary of SUUe,
Jhtditor of Publie JkeomUt,
Assistant Auditor^
Register of the Land-Offiee,
Treasurer,
Adjutant' General,
Q,uartermaster' General,
State Librarian,
Sup't of Public Instruction,
Publie Printers.
of Franklin Co., Clerk of the Senate, $ 7 per day.
of Glasgow, Clerk of the House, 7 per day.
TJie Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Auditor, Attorney-General, and
egisterof Land'Office, are elected by the people for the term of four years.
Tbi^ <^>ov^riior iij ineligible for the four years succeeding the expiration of
ili^ierm. if a vacancy in the office of Governor occur during the first
two years ofUie term, the people fill it; if during the last two years, the
Xieutcniirii-GovernOT^ and afler him the Speaker of the Senate, act as Gov-
enior. The Secretary of State is appointed by the Governor during his
l«rm. Senator;}, ^^ in number, are elected from single districts for four
years, one liulf every two years. Representatives, 100 in number, are
^lifUcd from i^Inglc districts for two years. Sessions of the Assembly are
^fcsnniaL Tliey cannot continue longer than 60 diys without a two-thirds
fute of all the tiif^rnbers elect to each branch. The members are paid $3
1^ dfiji find 12J c€ntH a mile for travel.
Judiciary.
Court of Appeals. Salary.
ElynJi Hiae, of Russell ville. Chief Justice, $1,500
ThotjTas A. JMarBhoil, of Lexington, Judge, 1,500
1855.]
KEMTTtTCKT.
tSf
B. Milk Crenshaw,
of Glasgow,
J«dge,
(1,500
James Simpson^
of Winchester,
U
1,500
James Harlan,
of Frankfort,
Attorney- General^
$300 and fees.
Jacob Swigert,
of Frankfort,
Clerk,
Fees.
Joseph Gray,
u
Sergeant^ (3
a day and fees.
Benjamin Monroe,
u
Reporter,
Louisville Chancery Court,
Henry Pirtle,
of Louisville,
Chancellor,
f 1,500
Charles J. Clarke,
€<
Clerk,
Fees,
Henry Dent,
tt
Marshal,
Fees.
Circuit Courts,
Judges.
Attorneys.
Heiitlenca.
1. R, K. WiUiams,
Mayfield.
Oscar Turner,
Blandvjila.
2. Henry F. SUtee,
Hopkinsville.
Lafayette Henry,
CftdJi
3. Jesse W. Kinchelo,
Hardinsburg.
Alfred Allen,
Himlinsbiirf.
4. A. W. Graham,
Bowling Green.
Franklin G. Harvey,
EcoiLiPiik.
5. Z. Wheat,
Columbia.
E. B. Gaiiher,
Columljja.
6. William F. Bullock,
LouisviUe.
E. S. Craig,
LoulB^iJIs.
7. John L. Bridges,
DanvUle.
PhiU B. Thompson,
HiTTiDdBburg.
8. James Pryor,
CarroUtOB.
Robert Hutchinson,
Covingtoa.
9. Alrin Duvall,
Georgetown.
R. H. Hanson,
Par]*.
10. James W. Moore,
Mount Sterling.
Benjamin D. Lacy,
OwJiigiivilk,
U. William C. Goodl«o,
Richmond.
Stephen Noland,
Irvioe.
12. Green Adams,
Barbourville.
Granville Pearl,
London.
The salary of each circuit judge is $ 1,400 ; attorneys, % 300, besides
perquisites and fees. These officers were elected in May, J 351, to serve
ontil August, 1856.
All judges, justices of the peace, and officers of the court are elected hy
the people; the judges of the Court of Appeals from districts for eight
years, one every two years, and the one having the shortest time Lo eurvg
beingchief justice, judges of the Circuit Court for six years, Eind jusiices
of the peace for four years. The officers of the several courts are eleined
for the same term as is the presiding judge of their court.
Fl27ANC£8.
Sinking Fund. — Certain resources are provided by law for the payment oftUe IntflrHl.
and principal of the public debt of the State. It is under the management of the GoveTnor,
who is chairman ex officio, and the Presidents of the Bank of Kentucky and {ii4 Northsm
Bank of Kentucky. The Auditor is Secretary ex officio. The receipts of tha \u nd d u ring th«
year 1852 ware 8434,949.08 ; the expeodituies for the same time were • 399,44 1 Gl ; cjcc^oa of
receipts, 085,504.47.
Ordinary iZevenue. — Reci|ipts into the Treasury for the year ending 0<;u>twr m, 1862'^
$783,885.57; expenditures for the same time, $724,694.77; excess of rsrfi^nd {liicludii^
balance of previous year), • 59, 190.80. Value of taxable property in 1852, % 3:^3, U\JiVA\ in-
crease since 1851, • 16,048,906. The rate of taxation is 17 cents for every S KJO wonh 0$
property ; 10 cents of which are appropriated for ordinary expenses, 5 cenib ^\yr the afuklf^g
fund, and 2 for the school fund. Items of 7'axa/ion. — 20,677,24 1 acres nf londp ^Jilued At^
0153.474,334; 36,006 town lots, 037,829,617; 200,867 slaves, $71,580,903; WW^.T^l hi>r?(M[,
8 13 503,412 ; 51,541 mules, 02,405,480; 2,688 jennies, 0216,696; 590,750 cai:]e, f l^,tiOU,iO&j
4,075 stores, 10,1 13,006 ; surplus cash, bonds, &c. , 40,993,953. Speeijic Ttimiicn^
25
190 OHIO. [1855.
a;706 ctfrUfM ud terottcba, i 1 Mch; 1,413 bugglei, BO etntM meh; 1,982 pianos, •!
Mch; 394 gold tptctadM, 60 centi each; 7,808 gold wttchec, $1 each; 863 silver leT«r
watcbM, 60 cants each. Total white males over 21 years of af e, who pay a poll tax for
county purposes, 163,006 ; studs, jacks, and bulls, 2,554, taxed • 6,358 ; average value of
luid per acre, $4,721
AMeXMl.->The antire deht of the State, January 1, 1852, was $6,726,^07.80; com-
poaed of these Items :— To individuals, $4,247,637.40; Southern Bank of Kentnckyfbr
stock, $160,000; Ciaddock fund, $2,000; Board of Education, $l,3a6,77a4a l\>pay
which the sinldng fond receives annually a tax from the baain and dividends on atoclcs in
thesams; premiums on 8uta bonds; dividends on stocks in tnmpilce roads; dividends
from slack- water improvements ; 6 cents on each $ 100 worth of property listed for taxation ;
tax on brolcers and insurance companies; excess of revenue at the end of each year over
$6,000. The Intersst on the Stata debt has been punctually paid, and soma portion of the
principaL
Comimon Sdkoe^.— The school fund amounted in December, 18S3» to $1,400,270.01;
consisting of State bonds and bank stocks, besides an annual tax on property amounting to
about $ 66,000. 101 counties and 6 cities and towns have made reports to the Superintendent
for the year 186S. Number of children reported, 194,963 ; average number at school, 69,885.
Monsy distributed during the year, $ 111,806.4a Number of children in the State betwean
the ages of 6 and 16 years, 216,196.
Board of Internal Improvement. — David R. Haggard, of Cumberland, Preeident, salary
$1,000. John M. Sharp, of Warren County, and Thomas S. Page (Auditor), members.
The latter is Secretary es officio. There are 95 miles of railroad in actual use from Lexing-
ton, via Frankfort, to Louisville. The railroad from Covington to Lexington Is finished and
in operation to Falmouth, 40 miles. The railroad from Lexington to Maysville is finished
to Puis (18 milee) and In operation. Railroads from Lexington to Danville, from Louisville
to Nashville, from Lexington to the mouth of the Big Sandy, and from Si^sville to the same
points, are In the course of construction; also a railroad from ShelbyvlUe to intersect the
Louisville and Frankfort road.
SMt% Fn9titHtion»J6r the ReU^of the l/n/brfuna/e. — Lunatic Asylum at Lexington.
Numt«r of i ntnates, January 1, 1852, 249. — Deaf and Dumb Asylum, at Danville. Pupils,
67.— Schixtl ^ the Blind, at Louisville. Pupils, 35.— Penitentiary. Number of prisoners,
JM,--^ Th»rs 1i a second Lunatic Asylum at Hopkinsvllle, and commissioners are appointed
XXIY. OHIO.
GottmmmdfoT Hu iTemr 1855.
Term expiree. Salary.
, MEt>iLL, ofLancaiter, Govenutr, January, 1856, $1,800
lames Alyen, of Toledo, U.-Gov, ^ Pres. Stn,^ 1856, ( 5aday
[during the seasion of the Legislature.
Willtava Treyitt, ofColumbna, &e. ofSUUemnd SupU of
SekooU, 1656, 1,400
Wm, D. Morgan, of New Lisbon, Auditar of Slate, « 1,600
•Jolin G. Breslin, of Tiffin, Treasurer of SUUe^ «« 1,500
Geo,W. M'Cook, ofSteuben?ille,j9tt0rfiey-(?eii«niZ, «« 1,400
H i mm 1 L Barney, Commissimur of Schools,
Jabez Fjtcsh, Commissary- GenmraL
fl, W. Ai)drew8, of Columbus, Q^arterma8ter•Generali 200
P. W. Rice* of Cleveland, Paymaster- General,
f.a. V.Prentiss, of Mt. Vernon, Adjutant- General.
r
1855.] OHIO. m
• •
G. y. Dorse J, of Piqaa, Surgeon-GenenU,
James W. Taylor, of Toledo, Librarian vfthe State Lihrary, $ 600
Samuel Wilson, of Columbus, Warden of the State Penitentiary, 1^900
Commissionert of the Board of Public Works.
Alex. P. Miller, of Hamilton, Jan., 1855, 1,500
James B. Steedman, of Toledo, Feb., 1856, 1,500
Wayne Griswold, of Pickaway Co., Jan., 1857, 1,500
Judiciary.
Supreme Court,
The Supreme Court consists of five judges, chosen by the people at
large, a majority of whom form a quorum. It has original jurisdiction in
quo warranto^ mandamus^ habeas corpus^ and procedendo^ and appellate
jurisdiction. It holds at least one term in each year, at the seat of govern-
ment, and such other terms as may be provided for by law. The judges after
the first election (in 1851) were classified by lot, so that one should hold
for one year, one for two years, one for three years, one for four years, and
one for five years. At all subsequent elections, each of the judges will be
chosen for five years, and the judge having the shortest time to serve is
chief justice.
Term expires. Salary.
Allen G. Thurman, of Chillicothe, Chief Justice^ Jan. 14, 1856, $ 1,700
Rufijs P. Ranney, of Warren, Judge^ " 1857, 1,700
Wm. B. Caldwell, of Cincinnati, ♦• " 1858, 1,700
Thomas W. BarUey, of Mansfield, «* «* 1S59, 1,700
J. R. Swan, of Columbus, " " 1860, 1,700
Kendall Thomas, of Columbus, CVk of Ct. in Bane, and Sup, Ct. Franklin Co,
Robert B. Warden, of Columbus, Reporter , 20Q
Courts of Common Pleas,
The State is divided into nine Common Pleas districts, of whicli tba
county of Hamilton forms one. These districts are subdivided into threa
parts, from each of which one judge, to reside while in ofiice in hijj district^
is chosen by the electors of each subdivision for B^ve years^. Conns of
Common Pleas are held by one or more of the judges in every county, and
more than one court may be held at the same time, in each d Strict. Bis-
trict Courts composed of the judges of the Courts of Common PJeas of thm
respective districts, and of one of the judges of the Supreme Court, any
three of whom form a quorum, are held in each county at ieuat once iQ
each year. The District Courts have the same original juriaiJJctmn witll
the Supreme Court, and appellate jurisdiction. There is a Frobatc Court^
with the usual probate jurisdiction, in each county, open ut ull titnetf
holden by one judge, who is chosen by the voters of each county, ftir tJirea
years. Justices of the peace are elected in each township, for three yeani*
Clerks of the Common Pleas are chosen in each county, by tlio peojiie, fbr
three years.
OHIO.
[1855.
IMft. ^ Judges.
W Carter,
NeUon CroM,
Jaroea Parker,
Ahner Hainefl,
Ralph & Hart,
Wm. A. Rogers,
Benj. T. Mslcalf,
Joha M. Pslmar,
Lawrence W. Hall,
1. Lucius B. Otis,
2. Samuel Humphrerille,
3. Samuel Surkweather,
SL A.0
a. NelsM
a James
CL
2. {2. ]
<3.
il.
2. <2. .
(3
Shepard F. Norris,
John L. Onsen,
James L. Bates,
Residence.
Cincinnati.
Cincinnati.
Cincinnati.
Hamilton.
Dayton.
Springfield.
Lima.
Defiance.
Findlay.
Norwalk.
Medina.
Clereland.
Georgetown.
Chillicothe.
Columbus.
Roil in C. Hurd,
James Stewart,
Martin Welker,
6. ?2
Henrf C. Whitman,
Wm. V. Peck.
Simeon Nash,
Richard SilUwril,
Robert J. Alexander,
Thomas L. Jewett,
George W Belden,
Luther Day,
Reuben Hitchcock,
The salaries of these judges are S 1 >S00 each,
and their terms of office expire on the second
Monday of January, 1857.
7. ^2
(3.
CI.;
a )2. ]
h '
9. ^2
Residence.
Mt. Vernon.
Mansfiel*!.
Miliemburg.
Lancaster.
Portsmouth.
Oalli polls.
Zanesrille.
St. ClainiTiUa.
Cadiz.
Canton.
Ravenna.
Painesville.
Salary.
(3,500
3,500
3,500
1,500
.$2,865,907.61
693,041.77
Superior Court oj Cincinnati,
Term expires.
Bellamy Storer, JvJge, May 5, 1857,
Oliver M. Spencer, " «« 1858,
William T. Gholson, " " 1859,
Superior Court of Cleveland.
Sherlock J. Andrews, Judge^
FiVAVCXS,
For the Fiscal Year ending J^ovember l^th, 1853.
Ths total amount of raceipu for the year ending Not. 15th, 1853, was .
Balance in Treasury, Nor. 16th, 1863,
ToUl, •3,45b,94i^.3d
TduI disburseiiMnls for all purposes during the year, 2,686.118.83
Balnnca in l^easury. Not. 16th, 1853, •762,830.66
The coiisiliuUoD pvorklM that " the Suto shall neTar contmct any debt for pupoees of
ismal tmprotement It may contract debts to meet casual deficits in the reTanue, or az-
m not otherwise proTlded for, but the aggregate of such debu shall neTer exceed
1 75<].(MXi. n may further contract debts to repel iaTasion, Jbc, or redeem the present out-
aiar^ding iMii, but the money afising therefrom shall be applied to the purposes for which it
WRM mfi^i. and to none other. The credit of the State shall not be lent to any IndiTidual of
tinrp<:)r.7Uoifi, nor shall the State become a stockholder in any aasoclatkiQ, or aasnme any debt,
sxo«t^i &iic^ 04 may baTt been incurred in repelling iuTasion, supprsartBg insurrection, or
dofoiKti 11^ [ 'ii<i Slate in war. The Secretary of Sute, Auditor, and Attorney-General shall be
lUe €^nnu 1 1 Hr! loners of the Sinking Fund, which shall consist of the net annual income of the
allc wt^rk-i Buid stocks, and of such Ainds raised by taxation or otherwise as may be pro-
I by La w, which shall be made suiBclent to pay the accruing interest on the public debt,
I afinuAl]y not leas than • 100,000. A Board of Public Works, to consist of three mem-
ton, iholL hi elected, and m classified, thai one member shall be elsctad aanaally, and for
m
yeara,'*
State Debt,
{Mr c«nt. sUKiks, foreign,
Principal
Interest.
• 1,175,000.00
$58,750.00
. 13,742,000.70
824,520.04
301,128.70
17,921.10
. 1,947.299 21
116,837.96
• 17,165,428.64
i 1,018,029.09
**^ domestic bonds,
tfcrtiduciblQ stock, school and trust funds, .
Ibial StaLfl Jsbt and annual interest, Jan. 1st, 1854, il 7, 165,428.64
*rhti lrn:ducilie stock funds, upon which the State pays six per cent, interest to the town-
' ghJpsand ilj»irict8 from which the funds were received, form a part of the State debt which
Umttobn rapaid. Iq addition to the public works, the Slate owns $2,699,477.27 of turn-
1855.] OHIO. saa
pike, milwaj, nd camd stock. Tha net amount collected lirom the canale for the year 1858
and paid into the treaeurj was % 217,011.77. The total value of taxable propertf , real and
personal, In the State, for the year 1853, was « 603,396,848, (being #363,490,901 real, and
9 229,906,947 perHMial,) upon which the State tax was •3,026,323.92.
Chi^Soureet o/Tneome.
Tkxes collected by Co. Treas., $ 1,632,239.91
Delinquent taxes of '51 and forfeiture, 44,584.59
Canal tolls, water rents, &c., 605,165.62
Diridends, turnpike, canal, and 45,031.1
Principal of surplus rerenue, $ 106,394.60
Interest on surplus rerenue, . 28,792.69
Canal lands sold, .... 9,402.21
Elood tolls, .... 46,817.36
railroad, 73,835.90 School and ministerial lands sold, 149,390.73
Principal liems of Expenditure.
Bills drawn for appropriations, • 529,785.37
Common School Fund to Counties, 200,002.00
Interest on foreign debt, . . 896,457.62
" special school and trust funds, 106,361 .00
Domestic bonds redeemed, . . 104,679.00
Foreign debt redeemed, . . 343,200.00
Interest on domestic bonds, . . 1 19,019^21
Repairs, &c, on canals and public
works, 436,076.21
Repairs on National Road, . 36,e2a46
Repairs, &c. , W. R. & Maumee road, ]3,796.06
Agricultural fund, . . . 2,521.04
The number and Talue of the domestic animals In the Sute, by the assessors* returns for
1853, were as follows : — Number of horses, 616,065, — ralue, 1 27,844,619 ; number of mules,
3,222, — Talue, •156,538; number of cattle, 1,646,195, — ralue, •17,646,810; number of
sheep, 4,104,450, — Talue, $6,448,391; number of hogs, 9,496,792, — value, •6,727,790.
Total Talue of domestic animals, • 57,823,148. The whole Talue of personal property, in-
closiTe of the above, upon thq duplicates, was •229,906,947.
Common Sehoole. —Tho constitution proTides that "there shall be a thorough and
eflident system of common schools established throughout the Sute," and that "the prin-
cipal of all funds granted or Intrusted to the State for educational purposes shall for ever be
preserTed InTiolate and undiminished, and the income therefrom shall bs faithfully applied
to the spscific objects of the original grants or appropriations." The school fund consists,
C.) of certain /msl/tfnds, the proceeds of lands originally glTsn to certain dbii icia uf LerH^
tory in the State, upon which the State pays the interest annually to the severe ecu mi n in
the proper district, according to the number of youth therein ; (2.) of ibe State Com-
mon School Pund, which by the act of March 24, 1851, f 30, is made to consist nf " ihs
interest of the purchase-money of the Salt Lands ; the balance of the Suiplut R«veniiD Fund i
the interest of the Surplus ReTenue Fund paid by the counties; receipu frnm peddlafsi
licenses, from auction duties, from taxes upon lawyers and physicians, and vi^m bnn ka uul
Insurance and bridge companies ; and of such taxes, to be leTied by the OeDc^m] Aiiseiiibly,
as shall bs sufficient, with the aboTe reTenues, to produce, for annual distribuEiion, iba mm
of •300,000." The amount of the Common School Fund for distribution for iha j^e^r endiuf
NoTember 15, 1853, was •201,421.71 ; of this amount there were paid to coutUlc4 1^00,002,
From the special school and trust funds there were paid •109,770.98, makini^ ihs wbd*
amount paid by the State for schools, excIuslTe of local expenditures, during the year,
• 309,772.98.
StaUetice of Common fiTcAoo/s/or 1852.— Number of townships In th^ State, Ip3lfi^
number reported, 1,121. Number of whole districts in the State reportod, B.5^7 ; of tm^
tional districts, 1,285; of common schools In the State, 9,916; of m^etsacriAr?, 7»272; of
fomale, 6,292; of enrolled scholars, males, 240,152, females, 197,560; aTersfo daily attend'
ance of scholars, males, 144,982, females, 121,286. Wages psid teachers from public fun^n.
males, •181,379.73; females, •160,316.29. Pftid teachers from all other nurcisfl, m«l«^
• 417,807.62; females, •22,642.06. Months that schools were taught, nm)?v, ]J,B08|
females, 13,954. 171 school- houses were built during the year at a ccet of s 6 1 ,fi37AU
Amount of building ftands raised, •58,299.11; amount of tax on dupHcalen. 1 309, 738.7% •
recelTed by reporting counties from State fund, •94,748.62; received frain all somcim^
• 126,677.17.
Ohio Lunaiic Aeylumf Columbue. — E. Kendrick, Superintendent. Numbor in il^
25 • ^
tH lacnnttAN. [1855.
Atjlam, Wot e m b f 15, IM; IW, ISO bmIm and 130 ftnudM; fM«!T«d dsrliig tbe year, 239,
110 oMles and 1S9 lemalafl. Wliola nomber treated, 499; 240 malee, 969 fenaleB. Die-
etaarged during the fear, 947, 125 males and ISS females. Of theee, 133, 71 males and 62
femaleSi were recorsrad ; 29, 16 males and 13 females, -were improved; 61, 26 males and 35
females, wen anlmprored; and 24, 12 males and 12 feoialea, died. Of tboea admitted during
the year, 48 were single ; 142 were married ; 12 widewed ; 1 unknown. 36, 12 males and 23
fiNoalas, attempted suicide beiure admission, and 13, 4 males and 9 females, had a strong
Miicidal propensity. 32 were made insane by religions excitement ; II by spirit rappings ;
6 by intemperance ; 16 by masturbation. The actual expenses of the institution for the
jaar wen 931,200.
Ohio Ptudttntiary^ Co/iaNd«s. —- Samuel Wilson, Wardsn. The number of prleonen,
Norember 30, 1862, was 508. Numbsr admitted during the year, 238. Whole number dur-
ing the year, 746. Of thaaa there hare bsen diechaiged by expiration of sentence, 110 ; by
pardon, 77; by death, 17; by writ of error, 6 ; and by escapes, 6; in all, 215. Number in
Mofinement, Norember 30, 1853, 531. Of tlieee, 357 were committed for oflences against
property, including burglary, larceny, counterfeiting, horse stealing, &c., 14 for arson, 14
lor forgery, and 146 for oflhaces against life or the person. 321 were intemperate ; 192 mai^
lied, 339 unmarried; 65 had property, 476 had none; 471 were whitee, 60 blacks; 202 had
trades, and 329 were without trades ; 121 were 21 yean of ago and under; 36 were orer 60
yean, and 6 wen over 70, one being 79 when committed. The receipts of the prison for the
year wen 9 87,376.62. Expenses, $39,186.81. Balance in Ihvor of the prison, % 18,188.71.
Then is a libmry connected with the prison, for the use of the conrlcts, of nearly 8,000 red-
umsa. The Institution has, since 1835, supported itself, defreyed the expenses of its buildings,
and paid to the State in labor and cash a large sum.
Dm/ and Dumb Atjflum, Co/«m6«t. — Oolllns Stone, Superintendent. The Asylum
has been in actual operetlon 23 yean, during which time then have been 576 pupils. The
number preeent, December 5, 1853, was 158, 76 males and 82 females. The expenses of the
year ynn i 16,906.32. The trustees estimate that then an In the State 160 deaf mutes be-
sides those in the asylum. Terms of admission i 100 for session often months, payable quar-
terly in advance, which coven all expenses bat clothing, tnvellittg, and physicians' bills in
eases of sickness. Session commences first Wednesday in October, and ends last Wednesday
in July. During racation, board at the Asylum Is $ 1.25 per week.
Jn9iiiuii0nJ6r the Blind, ColtanbuB. — tiufuM E. Harte, Superintendent. The number,
including graduates and assistants, In this institution, was, December 6, 1863, 72. During the
year ending December 31, 1863, then wen 81 pupils in the Institution, 43 males and 38 fe-
males. The expendituree for the year wen #11,916.13. Applicants for admission must he
between the ages of 6 and 21. If able to pay, the charges an • 100 for the 10 months' session,
exclusive of clothing and trevelling expenses. The session is from October 1 to August 1.
Statulie* of Crime. — From the report of the Attorney-General, December 26, 1853, It ap*
pean that during the ysar 1853 than were 530 prosecutions, 356 convictions, 93 acquhtala,
and 1 1 1 wen nol. proaeed. The punishments wen ; — Penitentiary, for life, 7 ; for term of
yean, 185. The amount of costs, • 14,999.83. The number of crimes committed under the
influence of spirituous llquore was 40. The ntums an exceedingly hnperfect, and do not
probably npresent one third of the criminal business of the year.
XXV. MICHIGAN.
GatemmMUfoT the Ymtr 1855.
KivsLBT S. BiHOBAir, of Kensington, Oovtmor (term of oflice ez- suary.
pires Itt Monday of Janaary, 1857)^ $ 1,000
William Graves, of Niles, Secretary qf State^ Fees and 800
JofanSwegles, of Hillsdale, jSudOor-Generdl^ 1,000
B. C. Wbittemore, of Detroit, Slate Treasurer^ 1,000
William Hall, of Detroit, Attomey-Qaiumt^ 800
1855.] MIOHIOAN. f9d
Francis W. Sherman, of Marshall, Sup't of FMie InBtrueHony 500
Porter Kibbee, of Mt. Clemens, Comm^r of Land-Office^ 1,000
John £. Schwarz, of Detroit, Mj.-Gen. and Q. M, Gen., 450
Peter Dnx, of Birmingham, ^gent of State Prison, 750
The seat of government is located permanently at Lansing, Ingham
County, to which place the public offices were removed in December, 1847.
Judiciary.
Circuka. Supreme Court. Salary.
1. Warner Wing, of Monroe, Chief JuHiee, 1 1,000
2. Charles W. Whipple, of Niles, .Associate Justice, 1,500
3. Samuel T. Douglass, of Detroit, <« 1,500
4. David Johnson, of Jackson, " 1,500
5. Abner Pratt, of Marshall, «* 1,500
6. Joseph T. Copeland, of Pontiac, »» 1,500
7. Sanford M. Green, of Flint, »« 1,500
8. George Martin, of Grand Rapids, '« 1,500
Randolph Manning, of Pontiac, Reporter, 500
Finances.
Balance ia Treasury, Not. 30th, 1851, •97,243.23
Total receipta into the Treasury for the fiscal year, 451.082 97
Total available means for the year, 9546,326.20
Total expenditures during the fiscal year, 431.918.97
Balance In the Treasury, Not. 30th, 1852, $116,407.23
The funded and fiindaUe debt of the State, Norember 30, 1852, was • 2,307,850.19 ; annual
Interest about $ 150,000. Some of the debt bears interest at 7 per cent., biit mo9t of St. U ul
6 per cent. There is, besides, the sum of • 309,131.59 due the Trust Fund of Hit) Sute.
The resources and property of the State, other than State buildings, are slai^eJ ki nearly
• 630,000.
Common Schools in 1860. — Number of districts, 3,097 ; number reporting, 2 , ^25. N um-,
ber of children between 4 and 18 attending school during the year, 132,234- NuiDber drsLW*
ing public money, 125,866. Number of scholars under 4 years of age, 2,056 ; ovtir IS^ S,3i^
4,065 scholars haTe attended unincorporated, priTate, or select schools. AiudijeiL of iichwl
money apportioned, • 42,794.44 ; raised by tax, • 81,392.44. Raised for purchaMFUig, building,
&C. school-houses, $46,797.01. Received from local ftuids, •5,389.59. Volume^ in towriy
ship libraries, 84,823. Mill tax for township libraries and support of schoaU , S 1 7 , %7. 30, .
A State Normal School has been established at Ypsilanti, with an enduivrnuiu of acLiciol
lands. It is under the control of a Board of Education of six persons, a]i[>jiuted by ihm
Legislature. It went into operation In April, 1863.
Asylum for the InsanCt and for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, — By art oT ihu Tiegks1a'>
ture of 1848, the Michigan Asylum for educating the Deaf, the Dumb, and the Bllud wot
established at Ealamasoo, and by the same Legislature, the Michigan Asylum Tor t tie lQ3a.nn
was estaUisbed at Flint. Both institutions are endowed with lauds, and are under Lbe con-
trol of a board of fiTo trustees, elected by the Legislature.
State Prison, Jackson, — Feter Dox, Agent. Number of convicts in pmou, d(h\^ Ntr
Tember, 1882,209; received during the year, 72; discharged daring the year by expimiloti
of sentence, 42; by pardon, 24; by death, 9; by process of law, 1 ; in all, 76: li^nvin^ in pds^
on, aOth NoTember, 1863, 205, of whom 187 were white and 18 colored. Of ihe 7i retei vwl
during the year, 33 were committed for larceny, 3 for burglary, 4 for burgliary ami irt^-'- '■ f.
The income of the prison during the year was 925,487.80; the expenditures wefn $*^,c r : < i; ;
excess of income, •446.731. The sTerage number of conTicu was 210 ; the nromfa valtj« 94
iH
IKDIAKA.
[1855.
thair labor per daj waa 32.6 eanta for aaeh conrict. The number of daja kwt bj aickneaa,
old age, and bad weather waa 9,060 ; by aolitary conftnement, 939. Of tboae admitted during
the past fear, 2 are eentenced to solitary confinement for life ; 2 for 16 years ; 1 for 12 years ;
61 for 6 yean and leea. The death penalty for murder in this State was abolished in 1846,
and aolitary confioMneat at hard labor in the State Prison for life substituted in March, 1847.
Since then 11 persons ha?e been con?icted pf murder and sentenced to solitary confinement
forUfe.
Pauperitm in 1850. Number of persons reliered or supported, 1,564, at a total expense
of 1 21,675.33. The actual ralue of the labor of the poor was 1 331 .60.
Crime in 1850. — Number of cases prosecuted by indictment, 306 ; proeecuted otherwise,
223. Of the oflbnces, 112 were assault and battery ; 125 larceny ; 10 assault with intent to
kill ; 13 (also preleoces ; 12 burglary and larceny ; 24 perjury ; 12 passing counterfeit money ;
96 violation of license laws.
XXVI. INDIANA.
Oovemment for the Year 1855.
JosxPH A. Wrioht^ of Rockville/
expires in December, 1855),
Aihbel P. Willard, of New Albany,
Nebemiah Hajden,
Elijah Newland,
John P. Dunn,
W. C. Larrabee>
Jobn M. Lord,
Samuel Beck,
of Rush Co.,
of Salem,
of Perry Co.,
Governor (term' of office Salary.
$1,500
Lieut.- Governor and Presi-
dent of the Senate^ $ 3 a day.
Secretary of State, 800
Treasurer of State^ 1,000
Auditor of Public Accounts^ 1 ,000
of Greencastle, Superintendent of Public Instruction.
I
of Salem,f State Agent, $ 2,500
of Indianapolis, Quartermaster- General, 100
Steph. D, Tomlinson, of Indianapolis, Adjutant- General, 100
Au^hcHL Brown, of Indianapolis, State Printer, Profits.
Duv i J W. Miller, of J efCerBonviWe, Warden of StaU Prison, $600
Samuel H. Patterson, of Joffersonville, Lessee of State Prison, Profits.
;^£. G. C. W. Tanner, of Brownstown, State Librarian, $ 500
rancift Kiog,
Olivur 11. Torbet,
Wtij R. Bowes,
GeorgQ L. Sites,
of Indianapolis, Private Secretary to Governor, 350
of Lawrence Co., Speaker of the House.
of Laporte Co., Clerk of the House.
of Allen Co., Secretary of Senate.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court.
Term ends. Salary.
William Z.Stewart, of Logansport, Judge, January, 1859, $1,200
Andrew Davidson, of Greensburg, »« " 1859, 1,200
[•^. Snmuel £. Perkins, of Indianapolis, « '* 1859, 1,200
JL Alvin P. Hovey, of Mt. Vernon, " «• 1859, 1,200
WiUiaoi B. Beach, of Boone Co., Clerk, October, 1856. Fees.
Albert G. Porter, of Indianapolis, Reporter.
* The Oavemor, SecreUry, Treasurer, and Auditor are required to reside at Indianapolis
4iiiriEig Ui'.'ir term of office.
IJSuuj Agent of Indiana has an office in the city of New York.
1855.]
i:ni>iaka.
Circuit Courts, -^Jvly^ 1854.
297
Circ. President Judges.
1st. Alex. C. Downey, of Rising Sun.
2d. George A. Bicknell, of New Albany.
3d. Wm. E. Niblack, of Manin Qo.
4th. Reuben D. Logan, of Rushville.
5th. Stephen Major, of Indianapolis.
6th. James Hughes, of Bloomington.
7th. Joseph Anthony, of Muncie.
8th. Wm. P. Bryant, of Rockville.
9th. Thos. S. Slanfield, of South Bend.
10th. Elza A. McMahon, of Fort Wayne.
11th. John W. Petlit, of Wabash. ^
Prosecuting Attorneys.
Robert P. Moore, of Rising Sun.
Patrick H. Jewett, of Scott Co.
Andrew L. Robinsoni of Evansville.
Oscar B. Hord, of Greensburg.
Reuben A. Riley, of Greenfield.
Wm. E. McLean, of Terre Haute.
Silas Colgrove, of Winchester.
Daniel W. Voorhees, of Covington.
D, J. Woodward, of .
E. R. Wilson, of Blufilon.
John M. Connell, of Wabash.
The nlary of each of these judges is $ 1,000. Heretofore the number of
circuits has been thirteen, but the last Legislature reduced the number to
elcTcn, by distributing the counties. The Legislature also established a
Court of Common Pleas. It divided the State by counties into 44 districts,
each of which elects a judge to serve for four years, and until bis successor
is elected and qualified. Their salaries vary, according to the population
of their district, from $ 300 to $800 per annum. Four terms a year are
held in each district, on the first Monday of January, April, July, and Octo-
ber ; but if the Circuit Court of any county is in session, then the Common
Pleas shall be held on the Monday succeeding the Circuit term. This
court has concurrent ctoi/ jurisdiction with the Circuit Courts, with certain
exceptions, in cases where the ad damnum does not exceed $ 1,000, and with
justices of the peace where the sum demanded is not less than $ 50 ; crim"
tnoZ jurisdiction in cases of misdemeanors and of felonies not punishable
with death, under certain restrictions ; and probate jurisdiction. The* ful^
lowing is a list of the districts, judges, and prosecuting attorneys of iLtj
Court of Common Pitas.
District. — Counties. Judges. Prosecgt i n ^ Attof ne juj
Posey and Gibson, John Pitcher, Harrisoi:i F^ Ki^or.
Warwick and Vanderburg, Conrad Baker, Morris S jEihEn^on.
Spencer, Perry, and Dubois, Lemuel Q. De Bruler, Wm. A. WutiJell,
Pike, Knox, Daviess, and Martin, Richard A. Clements, James H. ATLConikalL ^
Crawford, Orange, Washington, and Harrison, William Morrow,
Floyd,
Clark and Scott,
Jefferson,
Switzerland and Ohio,
Dearborn and Ripley,
Jennings,
Bartholomew,
Jackson and Lawrence,
Clay, Owen, Green, and Sulliran,
Vigo,
Monroe, Brown, and Morgan,
Johnson,
Shelby,
Decatur and Rush,
Franklin, Fayette, and Union,
Nathaniel Moore,
Amos LoVering,
Charles E. Walker,
Robert Drummond,
Wm. S. Holman,
Ezra F. Pabody,
Zachariah Tannehill,
J. R. E. Goodlett,
Wm. M. Franklin,
Amory Kinney,
Wm. G. Quick,
Franklin Hardin,
James M. Sleeth,
Royal P. Cobb,
John S. Reid,
David W, L-iralou.
Norman T, Co^lecnun.
Patrick VL Jeweu.
James Y. All ie tin.
Carter Galley.
Charlei N. Stiook.
Jeremiah Ijucirl^^
Samuel H . K r i J Icbauglt
E. D. Pofifyuji.
Frederic T. Brown,
Salmon Wrigiiv.
Daniel W. MiCtum.
Samuel V f JyEnr,
Thomas A. M.' Purloin J*
Morris 1. WiliitKni,
James K. McClum^ m
INDIAKA.
[1855.
District. — CountiM.
Wajne,
Henrj,
MadiflOD and Hancock,
Marion,
Heodricka and Putnam,
ParlM and Vermilion,
Fountain,
Boone and Montgomery,
Tippecanoe and WItite,
Carroll and Clinton,
Hamilton, Tipton, and Howan),
Delaware, Blackford, and Grant,
Jay and Randolph,
Hunilncton and WeUa,
Wabaeh and Koaciuako,
Miami and Oa«,
Warren, Benton, and Jasper,
Pulaski and Fulton,
Noble and WliiUey,
Adama and Allen,
DeKalb and Steuben,
Lagrange and Elkhart,
Laporte, Porter, and Lake,
8t. Joseph, Marshall, and Surke,
Nimrod H. Johnson,
Martin L. Bundy,
Darid S. Gooding,
Levi L. Todd,
John Cowgill,
Samuel F. Maxwell,
David Rawles,
Lorenzo C. Dougherty,
Darid Turpie,
John W. Blake,
Earl S. Stone,
Walter March,
Nathan B. Hawkins,
Wilson B. Loughridge,
John L. Knight,
Robert F. Grores,
Dan Mills,
Hugh Miller,
Stephen Wildman,
Jamee W. Borden,
John Morris,
Joseph H. Mather,
Herman Lawson,
Elijah Egbert,
Prosecuting Attorneys.
Wrl p. Benton.
Elijah B. Martindale.
James W. Sanaburg.
John T. Morrisoa.
Addison Daggy.
Lyman G. Smith.
Horatio R. QaypooL *
Abner Y. Austen.
Luke ReiUy.
Robert P. Daridaoii.
C. E. Shipley.
Wm. Brothertnn.
Wm Moorman.
Benedict Bums.
Joseph H. Matktck.
Samuel L. McFadden.
James R. M Bryant,
aine G. Shryock.
Isaiah B McDonald.
Darid Studabaker.
W. W. Griswold.
Robert Parrett.
Daniel Noyes.
Horace Corbin.
FlRANCXS.
Balance in the treasury, NoTember 1, 1852, $402,719.48
Total receipts Into the treasury for year ending November 1, 1853, . . . 1,620,943.74
Total revenue, d2,ti
TViNial warrviiu on treasury for same period 1,509,305.32
BAJmce in treasary, Norember 1, 1853, 8514,367.90
Chitif Sourcet of Income.
permanent rerenue, . . . $546,385.58
^Id of swamp lands, . . .210,359 67
lqmmc>ii iichool fund, , . 547.30
^mrefsiiy fuad, .... 19,008.79
nktu 6,04a61
llMtuna, 6,804.38
Fahnih nnd E^rie Canal, by tru8tee8,660,473.99
rftim!, .... 34,239.03
' lttwiiihl|> Library tax, . . 66,605.50
§d^n 10 pay interest on State debt, 62,778.40
Principal Itemo of BxpenditurB.
imglslature 45,836.02
^ectitiVD, 9,483.91
•Ifldi clary, 22,896.61
pp>3r^i iitifi^ Bitomeys, . . . 3,173.88
Tul^Sin: priaLinj, . . . . 17,066.29
«Uiie [ifjrary 1,638.04
State prison, .... $6,553.74
Treasury-notes cancelled, and lnte^
est on same, .... 130,260.89
Interest on public debt, . 249,127.76
State agency in New York, . . '3,103.10
Purchase of 2| percent. State stock, 31,429.00
Wabash and Erie Canal, by trustees,628,l 18.41
Deafanddumb, . . . . 43,420.88
Blind, 66,697.60
Insane Hospital and buildings, . 68,863.93
Unirersity fund, .... 16,910.88
Saline fund 6,750.87
Bank tax fund, .... 4,680.81
Swamplands, .... 27,257.63
State board of agriculture, . . 2,576.71
Militia, 464.94
Interest and exchange, . . 17,780.24
Loan to pay interest on State debt, 66,927.60
Revised statutes, .... 37,333.43
Thff AucltLor'9 Report shows that the lands assessed for taxes of 1853 amounted to
I3,3^:t.S.>p,. 1 ,1 acres. These lands, for the purposes of taxation, were valued at $ 99,028,522 ;
iii^rjf '^-^li^ynts at •34,876,819; town lots and buildings at $26,167,162; railroad stock,
$3,iu^|yjOi Mher corporaUon stock at $4,652,686; other penonal property, $92,974,786,
1855.] IKBIANA. 299
Toud of taxable property, • 266,097,614. Polls asaeseed for 1863, 164,992. There is a poll.
tax of 75 cents, and an ad valorem tax upon property of 25 cents on the $ 100, for State
purposes. State tax for year 1853, 1 603,256. 05; county tax, 8833,817.61; road tax,
#123,733.07; school tax, $283,202.94; sinking fund tax, •112,626.56; delinquent taxes,
1 1 13,687 ; total taxes, 1 2,457,544.77.
suae Ile6l. — Prior to 1847, the State owed on her foreign debt, principal, % 11,043,000 ;
interest, $3,326,640; total, • 14,374,640. By the acta of the legislature of 19th January,
1846, and 27th January, 1847, proposals were made to the holders of bonds that they should
complete the Wabash and Erie Canal, and take the State's interest In it for one half of this
debt, and the State would issue new certificates for the other half, upon which she would
pay Interest at the rate of 4 per cent, per annum until January, 1853, and after that time at
6 per cenu This constitutes the Five per Cent. State Stock, Certificates were also to be
Issued for one half of the arrears of interest, upon which the State would pay interest at the
rate of 2} percent, per annum after January, 1853. This constitutes the Two and a half
per Cent. State Dtferred Stock. In this 2| per cent, stock is also included 1 per cent, per
annum upon the principal, which gires the holder of the old bond, when surrendered, 5 per
cent, per annum upon the new 5 per cent, stock from the dividend day next preceding his
surrender of the old bonds. The above are the only stocks upon which the State is bound to
pay either principal or interest, under the arrangement.
" The Canal Stocks are divided into two classes, — Preferred stocks, and Deferred stocks.
The former are issued to the holders of original bonds, who, at the time of surrendering the
same, subscribed te the loan for the completion of the canal, and are entitled to pr^erenee
in payment, both of principal and interest. The deferred stocks are issued te the holders of
original bonds at the time of their surrender, who did not subscribe to the loan for the canal,
and payment is therefore deferred until the preferred stocks are entirely liquidated.
" Two seta of stocks are issued in both of these eases, as in the case of State stocks ; one
for principal, bearing 6 per cent, interest, and the other for interest, bearing 2|l per cent.
Interest. The former are termed Five per Cent. Preferred Canal Stock, or Five per Cent,
Deferred Canal Stock, as the case may be ; and the latter 2^ per Cent. Special Preferred
Canal Stock, or 2| per Cent, Special Deferred Canal Stock.
" The revenues of the canal are appropriated by the truste^i, under the act, to the pay-
ment of liabilities Incurred or assumed by the trust, in a certain order."
October 31, 1853, there had been surrendered of the old bonds, and new ceriilicaLes taken
onder this proposition by the State, of principal, • 10,1^,000, leaving then Mul^Lamlinf of
her old bonds, of principal, $920,000. The State has issued of the new ccfliGcale* of
stock, paying 4 per cent, until 1853, and after that time 6 per cent., •5,059,1X10 ; d/£| per
cent stock, she has issued • 1,870,191, of which $20,000 has been redeemed, and ^ 17^
has been transferred te the l^te. The above statement Is that of the State agf-ni. Tha ae-
counta of the State agent in New York do not agree exactly with those of the ^i^te aiuHior.
The auditor says, *'The presumption is that the agent is correct." The Suiie keepu aD
agency in the city of New York for the surrender of the old stock, Issuing the new^ and r&^
ceiving transfers of the new.
The State in 1839-40 authorized the Issue of one and a half millions of treasury noicii to
pay off her internal improvement liabilities. These notes were made receivabiL' fnr all Sl&t»
dues, and have been annually returning intotlie treasury, and are now nearly elI] withdraw-n
from circulation. The State also issued bonds for the bank capital, and treasury -fiuteB tcr
pay the bank a debt which the State owed it. These bonds and notes are all rafleemed, und
there is now no domestic debt.
The liabilities of the State and Canal, October 31, 1853, may be thus stated : —
State Debt.
State's half principal of bonds surrendered, 9 &,OG0i,(
State's half interest on bonds with 1 per cent, of principal, with half of cou^
pons added, i/^31.^^iLf«r
Total State debt, aG,^til.;^lj
i
800 ^ m>XAKA. [185d.
Stale and CanaiStocka, CMober 31, 1653.
The amount of the wreral atoclu iasued and outstanding under the act for liquidating the
public debt, up to October 31, 1853, is aa follows : —
State Stock,
6 per cent. State stock, . . $5,059,000.00
^ per cent. State etock, . 1,832,341.00
Total State stock, . . •6,891,341.00
Canal Stock.
6 per ct. preferred Canal stock, 4,079,600.00
^ per cent, special preferred
Canal stock, . . •1,216,737.50
6 per cent, deferred Canal stock, 979,500.00
8^ per cent, special deferred
Canalstock,. . . . 294,862.50
Total Canal stock, . . •6,570,000.00
The State now pays 5 per cent, interest on Hs 5 per cent, stock, and 2| per cent, interest
upon the 2^ per cent. Slate stock. The remaining stocks are thrown upon the Canal, and
their redemption, principal and interest, depends upon the receipts from the Canal, in ac-
cordance with the provisions of the act above referred to. The provisions of the constitution
in relation to the State debt are as follows : — " The revenues of the public works and surplus
taxes, after paying the ordinary Stale expenses and interest on the State debt, shall be ap-
plied to reduce the principal of the debt. No new debt shall be contracted, unless to meet
casual deficits in the revenue, to pay the interest on the State debt, or to repel invasion,
kc. The Assembly shall never assume any debts, nor shall any county lend ite credit to,
or borrow money to buy stock in, any incorporated company."
A$ylumfor the Deaf and Dumb, Indianapolia, 1853. — Thomas Maclntire, Principal, sal-
ary, •I.OOO. The constitution provides that " institutions for the instruction of the deaf, dumb,
and blind, and or the treatment of the insane, shall be supported by law. Houses of Refuge
for the reformation of juvenile offenders shall be established by the Assembly, and the
county boards may provide forms as an asylum for those who have claims upon the sympa-
thies and aid of society." All the deaf and dumb of the State between the ages of 10 and 30
are entitled to an education, without charge for board or tuition. The session is annual,
and lasts ten months, from first Wednesday in October to last Wednesday in July. The
course of instruction is for five years. Pupils in attendance November 1, 1852, 121 ; adiail>-
ted during the year, 47, 10 of whom were readmissions ; whole number in attendance during
the year, 163 ; 103 males, 65 females. During the year 13 completed the course and left ; 2
died ; 1 was removed to ins^e hospital, and 24 failed to return, leaving in the institution
November 1, 1853, 128. Of these 1 19 are supported by Indiana; 3 paying pupils come from
Ohio, 3 from Tennessee, and 1 from each of the States of Michigan, Alabama, and Kentucky.
The receipts during the year were • 43,859.67. The expenses were • 42,297.85. Balance,
• 1,561.82.
Institute for the Blind, Indianapolis, 1853. — George W. Ames, Superintendent, salary,
• 800. The boarding and tuition of pupils who are children of residente in the State are free.
Generally, applicante over 21 years of age are not admitted. The whole number of pupils
during the year was 53, 1 1 of whom were admitted during the year. The expenses of the in-
stitution, from March 8th to October SIst, including improvements of grounds and payment
of debts, were • 52,793.04. Articles manufactured by the pupils, • 1,075.91. The session is
for ten months, from first Monday in October to last Wednesday in July.
BoepUal for the Insane, Indianapolis. — James S. Athon, Superintendent, salary, • 1,200.
October 31, 1852, there were in the hospital 159 patients, 81 males and 78 females. During
the year ending October 31, 1853, 156 were admitted (74 males, 82 females); 152 were dis-
charged (77 males, 75 females) ; leaving in the hospital at the end of the year, 163 (78 males,
85 females). Of the 152 discharged, 86 (47 males and 39 females) were recovered ; 35 (14
males and 21 females) improved ; 17 (9 males and 8 females) unimproved, and 14 (7 males
and 7 females) died. This institution was opened (part of its buildings only being com-
pleted) in December, 1543. The annual expenses of the institution average about •120 a
patient.
State Prison, Jefersonville. — D. W. Miller, Warden. Number in prison, November 30,
1852, 217; received since, 142; fugitives retaken, 7; discharged during the year, by expira-
tion of sentence, 66 ; by escape, 20 ; by pardon, 21 ; by death, 7; giving in all, 115. In pris-
on, November 30, 1853, 251. Of these, 29 are less than 20 yeare old j from 20 to 30, 126 ;
1855.] ILLINOIS. 101
fiom 30 to 40, 47; from 40to 50, 36 ; from 50 to 60, 11 ; over 60, 3. 9 prisoners are commit-
ted for life, 1 for 36 years, and 116 for terms of two years or less. 69 have no education, 48
can read only, 120 can rdd and write, and 14 iiave a common Englisli education. 92 are
married, 12 are widowers, and 147 are single. 98 are intemperate, 94 moderate drinkers,
and 59 temperate. 45 are natives of Indiana, 60 of foreign countries, and the remainder of
other Stotes. 234 are whites, and 17 (including 1 iemale) are blacks. 202 are commuted
for oflfonces against property, and 48 for offences against the person, and 1 for aa ofience
against the person and property.
Common Schools. — The constitution provides that the "Common School Fund shall
consist of the Congressional Township Fund and the lands belonging thereto, of the Surplus
Reremie, Saline, and Bank Tax Funds, the fund to be derived from the sale of county semi>
naries, and moneys and property heretofore held for such seminaries, all fines, forfeitures, and
escheats, and lands not otherwise specially granted, including the net proceeds of the sales of
the swamp lands granted to the State by the act of Congress of September 28, 1850. The
principal of the fund may be increased, but shall never be diminished, and its income shall
be devoted solely to the support of common schools. The Assembly shall provide for the
election by the people of a Superintendent of Public Instruaion, to hold office for two years."
The number of townships reported is 988; number of cities and incorporated towns, 82;
whole number of school corporations, 1,020 ; number of children reported between 5 and 21,
430,925 ; number of traders returned as licensed, 2,491.
School Fund. — The amount of permanent School Fund derived from the Congressional
Township Fund, the Surplus Reyenue, Saline, Bank Tax, and Seminary Funds and unclaimed
ftes is • 2,460,609. The amount expected from the Sinlcing Fund, due in 1857, is about
1 1,500,000. Of this, 1 781, 171 are already paid into the Sute Treasury, and will be, until re-
funded from tiie general fund and the School Fund, on interest at six per cent. Thia interest
is not paid annually and distributed, but is permitted to accumulate, and amounted, October
31, 1853, to nearly $ 300,000. There are besides school lands, seminary property, and swamp
lands, the proceeds of the sales of which will go to the common fund. In addition to this
ran, the fund is augmented by the receipt of fines and forfeitures, eschdats and corporation
taxes, to ah amount which will exceed f 5,000,000.
Banking. — Under the law of 1852, "to authorize and regulate the business of general*
banking," up to December 31, 1853, twenty -nine banks have been organized whha ncniiicuil
capital of 9 6,850,000, and have deposited securities for the redemption of tbeir biUs tp iha
amoont of 1 3,096,282. They had issued notes to the amount of •3,025,156. Tht; c<sndl-;
tion of the free banks, December 31, 1853, is thus : capital, •3,404,445 ; discount!!. 3 ^^^21,619 ^
real estate, $35,297; specie, $442,957; bills of exchange and remittance?, f Miil,&7i|
debts due, $ 1,020,763; stocks deposited with auditor, $3,257,064 ; circulation, a^a,l(>^,^47i
depositofB, 9 1,035,236 ; due other banks, $ 241,393 ; dividends, $ 199,526. The general cotA
dition of the State bank and branches) October 31, 1853, was as follows : bills of E!jfcliang|
and discounts, •6,037,3U4; property and debts due, $1,483,818; specie, $t,a77,!iM}&; ca^
Ital, $2,150,107; circulation, $3,834,765; depositors, $716,049; other debt?, S1SU,713|'
surplus fund, $ 979,199. The charter of the bank expires December 31, 1856.
XXVII. ILLINOIS.
Government for tke Year 1855.
Joel A. Mattesov, of Will Co., Governor^ and ex ojficio Land SqIbt:
Commissioner (term ends 2d Monday in January, 1867), $ l^r^d
Gustavus Koerner, of St. Clair Co., Lkutenant- Governor, $2 a dny diiKnl
[session, and 10 cents a milt; irnvciL
Alexander Starne, of Pike Co., Secretary of State, (exciosive of c U^rk hire)
[Fees and &00q
Thomas H. Campbell, of Springfield, Auditor, (excl. of clerk Lire) 1,00
26 ^
309
ILLINOIS.
[1855.
8d Di^isioii,
u
3d Diriiioo,
F. D. Preston,
Samuel II. Treat,
Wm. B. Warren,
John Deane Caton,
Lorenzo Leland,
E. Peck,
Judge, fl^SOO
Clerk, Fees.
Chief Justice, 1,200
CUrk, Fees.
Judge, l,dOO
CUrk, Fees.
Reporter.
Judge,
I
John Moore, of Randolph Grove, Treasurer, (ezcl. of clerk hire) $800
Ninian W. Edwards, State Superintendent of Common Schools,
Judiciary.
Supreme Court.
Ist DiTision, Lyman Tnimbnli, of BelleTilIe,
of Mt. Vernon,
of Springfield,
of Jacksonville,
of Ottawf,
of Ottawa,
of Chicago,
This court holds one session in each Division of the State each year.
The terms are, — Ist Division, at Mt. Vernon, Jefferson Co., on the 2d
Monday in November ; 2d Division, at Springfield, on the 3d Monday in
December ; 3d Division, at Ottawa, La Salle Co., on the 1st Monday of
February.
Circuit Courts.
1st Circuit, David M. Woodson, of Carrolton,
of Belleville,
of Benton,
of Marshall,
of Rushville,
of Rock Island,
of Chicago,
of Bloomington,
of Ottawa,
of Canton,
of Joliet,
of McLeansboro,
of Geneva,
of Galena,
of duipcy.
Cook CauRijf Common Pleas, John M. Wilson, Jt(ii|^e, f 1,000 and Fees.
Recorders* Court of the City of Chicago.
Terrn ends. Salary.
»bert 9. WiJ»on, Judge, 1858, $ 2,200 and fees.
Dfinkl Mcllrpy, Prosecuting J^tomey, 1856, 500 and fees.
Philip A. Hoy ne. Clerk, 1858, Fees.
This {-oart has concurrent jurisdiction with the Circuit Court and Com-
mon Pbds in ail criminal cases except murder and treason; it has original
jurisdiction in civil cases where the amount does not exceed $ 100, and all
^puals from justices in the city are taken to this court.
FiNAIfCXS.
Thn ^tiA afiha Sute, principal and interest, including the balance of $ 1,600,000 on the
t2»aal loarij wm, January 1, 1863, $ 16,724.177.41. During the two yeaiB ending Nor. 30,
1S53, iho ruficiptff on account of tlie constitutional tax for the payment of the State debt
%4MXZ,im53, which, with the balance on hand Dec. 1, 1850, $165,788.81, makes
ad
u
Wm. H. Underwood,
Sd
a
Wm. A. Denning,
4th
u
Justin Harlan,
5th
••
Wm. A. Minshall,
6th
u
Ira O. Wilkinson,
7th
u
Bnckner S. Morris,
8th
<«
David Davis,
9th
•«
Edwin S. Leland,
10th
<•
William Kellog,
nth
a
S. W. Randall,
I2ih
it
Samuel S. Marshall,
IStli
u
Isaac G. Wilson,
1401
u
Benj. R. Sheldon,
J5th
u
Onias C. Skinner,
SaUiy.
f 1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1855.] nxiNOlB. 4103
1 657,955.34, applicable to distribution upon the principal of the Sute indebtedness.
t395,467.d6 had at that date been applied, and $262,437.38 were subject to distribution
January 1, 1853.
The receipts into the Treasury for the two years ending Novem-
ber 30, 1852, chiefly from taxes, were 8603,661.68
Add balance in the Treasury, Dec. 1, 1850, .... 28,678.41
8532,140.09
The expenditures Ibr the same period ?rere : —
Ordinary expenses of the government, . . •• • . 8138,619.31
Special appropriations and expenditures, 125,211.65
School Fynd, 113,693.38
Old warrants, 8,243.29
385,767.58
The receipts for the two years exceeded the disbuisemeats, being balance in tlie
Treasury, Dec. 1,, 1852, $146,372.66
The amount of interest fund tax received for the same period was . . . 400,515.39
Amount of interest paid 335,801.16
The amount of property subject to taxation in 1850 was, real estate, 886,512,537; per*
■onal property, 833,335,798 ; total, 8 119^848,335. Rate of taxation 58 cents on the 8 100.
In 1851, real estate 898,748,533. Personal property, 839,069,546. Total, 8 137,818,079.
Rate of taxation, 60| cents on the 8 100.^
Banks. — November 1, 1852. Seventeen banlcs have completed their organisation under
the general banlcing law. Their aggregate capital is 88,460.000; value of stoclcs deposited
wHh the Auditor, 8 1,142,544 ; amount of circulating notes, 8 1,129,622. Sixteen banks have
filed certificates, but not deposited stocks, and seven have filed certificates and been since
Abandoned 1^ the stockholders.
Common School: — Amount of funds devoted to Common Schools, December 31, 1862 : —
Three per cent, on net proceeds of public lands (except one sixth), 8463,490.93
Surplus revenue from the United States, 335,592.32
8799,083.25
There are besides : —
The College Fund, being one sixth of the three per cent, fund, . 8 92,682.10
The Seminary Fund, i. e. proceeds of sales of seminary lands, . 59,738.72
IS2,420.S3
Making, devoted to purposes of education, « i^l'l^AA!^
The whole of this sum has been borrowed or appropriated by the State, and (feroi.ed to
pay the cnrrwat expenses of the government. The State pays six per cent. inTi^rpsi axx ihs
amounU The interest of the Common School Fund for 1852 was 866,8SS, wbicfi, exc^pi
i of 1 per cent, paid to the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, was divided among the aerera] courktees,
in proportion to the number of white children under the age of 21.
Beside thie State fund, there are county and township funds. The value of the cnimty
funds is estimated at 850,000; of the township funds, 8^371,592; which would make a total
principal of 8 3,373,096. The interest on the State fund is at6percenu; pn ecru my and
township funds, at 10 per cent. ; making total interest, 8299,047. Raised by oti vulareia,
tax in 46 counties, 8 51,101.
In the 72 counties that made rstums for the year 1852, there were 3,50^1 {irEiLnl^'dd ia-
tricts,3,076 school-houses, and 78 district libraries. Amount of public mo n ny pa mJ* fn r teach-
ers' wages, 8 113,500; amount paid, besides public money, 8 197,306. Numbtr pf achools,
3,966; taught by males, 2,397; by females, 1,569; children taught, 139,255 \ avomg^ ie^jfiih
of schools (in months), 6.75 ; average monthly wages of male teachers, 8 17-C4 ; of fctuaie^^
810.32.
Inatiiution/or the Dvtfand Dumbf Jaektonmlls. — Thomas Officer, PrI ncipal, N ci m-
her of pupiU during the term, 109, of whom 94 were from Illinois. The annual expcnsoa gt
the institution are about 8 19,000.
By the act of February 17, 1851, a geological survey of the State was auihorlzc^J, atul la,
July of that year Mr. J. G. Norwood was appointed State Geologist. He ha^ orgaiux^il a
corps of asaislanu, and been since engaged in the prosecution of the survey.
•04
KIBSOURI.
xxvin. mssouRi.
[1855.
GovemmerU for the Year 1855.
Term ends. Salary.
Gowemar, Dec. 1856, $ 2,000
[and a famished house,
of Cape Girardeau, Lieut,- Govertufr, 1856.
of Riohmondy Secretary of State and
Superintendent of Public Schools, 1856, 1,000 As fees.
William H. Buffington, of JeflTerBon Citj, ^ud. of Accounts^ 1856, 1,600
Alfred W. Morrison, of Howard Co., Treasurer^ 1,800
of Jefferson Citj, ^Ummey- General, 900 & fees,
of Raj Countj, Register of Lands, 1,750
of Jefferson City, Adjutant- General, 200
** Q^artermaster' General^ 100
of St. Louis, Surveyor- General, 1,500
•' President of State Bank, 1,000
«« Cashier " " 2,000
Most of the above officers are required to live during their term at Jeffer-
son City. The Lieutenant-Governor is ex officio President of the Senate, and
receives $ 4.50 a day while presiding. The pay of the Speaker of the
House of Representatives is the same. Senators are chosen every fourth,
and Representatives every second year. Their pay is $ 3 a day for the
first sixty days, and after that time $ 1 per day, except at a revising ses-
sion, when they may receive $ 3 per day for 100 days, and $ 1 for the re-
mainder of the session. The Legislature meets at the city of Jefferson,
biennially, on the last Monday in December.
Stssliho PaicB, of Chariton Co.,
Wilson Brown,
John M. Richardson,
James B. Gardenhire,
A. P. Richardson,
Andrew M. Elston,
James M. Hackney,
John Loughborough,
Bernard Pratt,
A. S. Robinson,
Judiciary.
Supreme Court.
I Term expires. Salarj.
JRamilton Gamble, of St. Louis, 1857 $ 1,800
io\m F. Ryland, of Lafayette Co., " 1,800
William Scott, of Cole Co., « 1,800
Tfje judges of this court are now elected for the term of six years by the
qualjHeii voters of the State. They are re-eligible at the expiration of their
prci^oiiL lerm. Two sessions of the Supreme Court are held annually, one
$X Jefft^rsoQ City and one at St. Louis. The Attorney- General is ex officio
S^portiir of the Decisions of the Court.
Circuit Courts.
W
Judges.
Salary. AttomoTS.
Salarj.
George W. Miller,
Ist Circuit,
$1,250 J. B. Gardenhire,
f 900 & fees.
W. A. Hnll,
2d "
1,250 Robert T. Prewitt,
250 ••
Cttrty W<^}U,
3d "
1,250 L. L. Hawkins,
250 «
Addisnn Rees,
4th "
1,250 J. J. Lindley,
250 "
Jtt. Yoyng,
5th **
1,250 S. L. Sawyer,
250 '«
George W. Dunn,
6th "
1,250 C. T. Gamer,
260 "
1866.] lOMOumz. 806
Judges.
Salary. Attorneys.
Mary.
Waldo P. Johntoo
, 7th Circuit, $1,250 B. H. Emerson,
f250 and feet.
Alex. Hamilton,
8th
u
3,000 Henry A. Clover,
250 "
John H. Stone,
9th
<c
1,250 Daniel Q. Gale,
250 "
H. Hough,
10th
ti
1,250 H. H. Bedford,
250 "
James A. Clarke,
11th
u
1,250 R. D. Morrison,
250 "
Elijah R. Norton,
12th
C(
1,250 James Craig,
250 «
Charles S. Yancy,
13th
<c
1,250 John T. Coffee,
250 "
Daniel M. Leet,
14th
it
1,250 John R. Woodside
, 250 •«
A Circuit Court is held twice a year in each county. Its jurisdiction ex-
tends to all matters of tort and contract over $ 90, where the demand is
liquidated, and over $50 where the ^agreement is parol. It has exclusive
eriminal jurisdiction, and a supervision over the County Courts and jus-
tices of the peace, subject to the correction of the Supreme Court. The
judges of the Circuit Court are elected by the qualified voters of their re-
spective districts, and for the term of six years.
In addition to the Circuit and County Courts, St. Louis has a Court of
Common Pleas, with a jurisdiction very similar to the Circuit Court, a
Criminal Court, a distinct Court of Probate, a Recorder's Court, and a
Land Court, having sole jurisdiction in St. Louis County in suits respecting
lands, actions of ejectment, dower, partition, &c. The judges of the
Cireait and Criminal Court are elected in the same manner and for the
same term as the circuit judges.
Courts of St, Louis, Salary.
Samuel Treat, Judge of Common Pleas, f 3,000
James B. Colt, Judge of CrinUnal Courts 3,000
Edward Bates, Judge of Land Court, 3,000
Peter G. Furguson, Judge of Probate^ Feei,
■ Dougherty, Recorder's OffUe, 1,200
Court of Co9nmon Pleas for the City ef HamUhal.
John B. Helm, Judge, $'200 and fee^
These are local tribunals, exercising jurisdiction only in thc^k f!ountie5|
except the Recorder's Court, whose jurisdiction is confined to siriaU ofl^^nces
and within the -limits of the city. From the Court of Common Fleas und
Criminal Court, an appeal lies to the Supreme Court; and the |iidgea of
the Common Pleas are appointed like the circuit judges, with like lenurea^
The probate judge is elected by the people of the county for four )'t::uri^, nod
the Recorder by the people of the City of St. Louis, for two jeara.
County Courts, — The jurisdiction of these courts is limited to matters of
probate and local county affairs, as roads. See, A County Court shs in each
county, and is composed of three justices, who are elected by the people,
and bold their offices for four years. Their pay is ( 2 a day whilc! in ses-
sion. An appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 'The County Coun of ^t, Lnuis
County is composed of seven judges. They are relieved drom prt^bate
duties by the separate court above mentioned.
$0$ WWA. [1S65.
FlITAVCKS.
Hm annual racaipta (Vom all eourcea are about 8326,000. The ordinary annual ezpendl-
toiaa are 1 176,000. Tha Legialatunof 1853-63 authorized the additkMial eztraordfaBKy
•zpeoditura of 8 107,000.
Tha total amount of the Stale debt la $ 802,000. The State owna atock in the Bank of tha
SUU of Miaaourl (the only baok allowed in the State by the conatitution, and whose
charter ezpirea in 1856) to the amount of 8 272,263. Deducting thia, the debt is 8 629,737.
Common Sehoola. — The principal of the Common School Fund exceeds half a million of
dollars. The interest of thia sum ia distributed semiannually among the difibrant counties of
the State, according to the number of children reported, and thia proportion is disbursed
among teachera therein. The State has also appropriated one fourth part of its revenues to
the support of common schools, making the amount to be distributed annually near 8 140,000.
Slate PeiUUmHaiy at J(^ffer»on City. — The^ were in Aognat, IS82, 230 conricta. The
phma is conducted by laaaiBS, who pay an annual rent of 8 6,000.
Itunatie Ao^um at rulton. — Superiatendant, Dr. T. R. H. Smith. Number of Inmates
93. The last Lefislature appropriated 8 30,000 for its enjargameut, and 8 37,300 for ito sup-
port.
Deaf artd Dumb Asylum eU Fulton. —Principal, William D. Kerr. It is now in opera-
tion, and has 43 pupils. The last Legislature appropriated 8 36,400 ibr its support.
AMyimn Jbr fAs BUmd, St. Lotdo. — Rev. Wm. G. Eliot, President. W. D. Wheolsuai,
Principal. 8 30,000 were appropriated for iu enlargement by the laat Legialature.
Internal Imgtrovemente. — There are three railroads now in courM of construction in tha
State : — 1st. St. Louis and Pacific Railroad. Of this about 38 miles are completed, from
St. Louis westwardly. The whole will be finished to the western line of the State, about
SBO miles, in about three yeara. Its proposed terminus is San Francisco, in Oalilbmfa.
Sd. Iran Mountain, from St. Louis to Iron Mountain. Length about 76 miles. 81 Baani-
bal and St. Joeeph Railroad. It connects the Mississippi and Missouri Riven at the pointa
named in the title of the road. Its length is about 280 or 300 miles, and the probable period
of its completion will be two or three yean. The Slate has lent iu credit to the firat road
to the amount of 8 3,000,000 ; to the second to the amount of 8750,000; and to the third to
the amount of 8 l,00O,O0a
The loans are made to the roads thus : — When the directora report that the sum of
860,000 is bond Jlde subscribed by individuals, the State issues its bonds for a similar
amount ; and ao for each similar subscription of 8 50,000, until the whole appropriation ia ex-
hausted. To secure the Stato, the entire railroad, buildings, locomotives, &c. are mertgagad
to the State. The directora are also bound to pay the intereet as it accumulates.
The following rBilroads are now undergoing survey:— ^st. North Missouri Railroad,
from St. Louis to the northern boundary line of the Stato, distance about 250 miles. To thia
railroad the Slate has lent its credit, on the same terms as to the others now in progress for
the sum of two millions. 2d. The Southwestern Railroad, from St. Louis to Springfield, dis-
tance about aOO miles. To this road the Stato has givsn the lands granted by the general
government, consisting of each allemato section of land, on each aide of the track, for 15
miles, and also lent ito credit on the usual terms for one mlUloQ of doUais.
XXIX. IOWA.
Government for the Tear 1855.
James W. Grimes, of Dtibuque Co., Governor (term expires Salary.
• Peeember, 1858), $1,000
Simeon Waters, Secretary of Siate^ 500
Andrew J. Stevens, Auditor of PtMicJheountSy 600
Eliphalet Price, Treasurer^ 400
George Grisby, of Lee Co., War d&n cf Penitentiary^ 400
Thomas H. Benton, Jr., of Dubuque Co,, SupH of PubHe Instruction, 1,200
1865.] IOWA. «07
H.L.Morris, of Polk Co., Librarian, $150
W. £. Leffingwell, of Clinton Co., PresH of the Senate, $4 a day.
James Grant, of Scott Co., Speaker (^the H. af Rep.^ "
T. B. Cumnungi of Le9 Co., Secretary of the Senate^ ^^
T. S. Hooten, of Marion Co., C&. CUrk of U, (fRep.^ "
J. H. Bonne J, of Van Buren Co., Com. Des Moines hnpr't, 1,000
George Gillaspy, of Marion Co., Register " " 1,000
The Legislature meets biennially, on the first Monday in December.
The pay of the members is $ 2 a day for the first fifty days, and $ 1 a day
for the rest of the session, with $2 for every twenty pailes* travel.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court. Salary.
Joseph Williams, of Musoatine Co., Chief Justice^ $ 1,000
George Greene, of Dubuque Co., Associate Justice, 1,000
J. F. Kinney, of Lee Co., ^ 1,000
D. C. Cloud, of Muscatine Co., Attorney- Gen. and Rq>orter, 1 ,000
G. S. Hampton, of Johnson Co., Clerk, Fees.
The judges of the Supreme Court are elected, by joint vote of the General
Assembly, for six years, and until their successors are elected and qualified.
The Supreme Court now holds two sessions annually at Iowa City, on
the first Monday in June and December.
District Courts. Salary.
R. P. Lowe, of Lee Co., Judge of 1st District, (1,000
T.S.Wilson, of Dubuque, « 2d «* , 1,000
J. P. Carleton, of Johnson Co., •* 3d " 1,000
W. H. Seevers, of Mahaska Co., " 4th " l^OOA
William McKay, of Polk Co., " bth " 1,000
A.A.Bradford, of Fremont Co., «* 6th « 1,000
" 7th '* ],000
W. £. Leffingwell, ^f Clinton Co., «* 8th *' hmO
J. S. Townsend, of Monroe Co., «* 9th « 1,000
The judges of the District Court are elected, by the voters lu ilitiir dis-
trict, ibr five years, and until their successora are elected and qnttlifi^d.
Finances.^
The funded debt of the State is 881,795, on which the interest is libotit 18,000. TKs
revenue is derived from taxes upon real and personal property.
The receipts into the State Treasury for the two years ending Oct. 31, 18S3, TVtire $ 13'.),4^gl,t0
In the Treasury, Dee. 1, 1850, * * IM
The disbursements during the same period were lB|,n3L49
Balance in Treasury, Oct. 31, 1858, . aBc^LSS
The annual expenses of the State are, for executire, 83,850; Judtciarj^ « 0^000; tnier^t^
$8,000 ; printiag, $6,500 ; deaf, dumb, and blind, $ 1,760. The expcnsn of Lo;?iiikiiir«_
the sessions are biannial — are near 8 17,000. The assessed taxes for l&oa wurii 8 ^7,6i)7,(l6.
In 1852 the number of polls was 36,395; nvmber of voters, 43,019 ; alitn^i, 7,^11 ; mulaM^
118,769; females, 109,004; acres of land, 5,618,207; value of same wiiti hnprovBmentu,
$20,658,180; capital in merchandise, $ 1,261,632; mills, distilleries, &c., S 290,433; liocaiF
9M WISOOKBDf. [1855«
iinmbtr-61,086, ralm •2,211,786; TalQeoTiieat cattle, $ 1,996,489; shaep, number, 171,325^
ralue, $ 172,487 ; swine, number, 277,099, ralue, $ 291,687. Total valuation, • 38,427,376.
Common SchooU, — It is provided bj the constitution, tliat a Superintendent of Public
Instraaion shall be chosen bj the people lor three years, and that all lands granted by Con-
gress to this State, all escheated estates, and such per cent, as maj be granted by CongrsM
on the sale of the pablie lands in Iowa, shaU constitute, a perpetual fund, tlie interest of
which, and the rents of the unsold lands, shall be ^>pUed to tlie support of common schools.
Tlie Assembly shall provide for a school in each school district for at least three months in
each year; and all moneys received for exemption from military duty, and for fines imposed
by the courts, shall be appropriated to support such schools, or for the establishment of
school libraries. The money arising from the lease or sale of public lands granted for tho
•ujqport of a unirecsity shall remain a perpetual fund to maintain such an institution.
XXX. WISCONSIN.
Oovemment for the Year 1855.
Term expires. Salary.
William A. Barstow, of Madison, Gove^mor; Dec. 31, 1855, $ 1,250
Jamefl T. Lewis, Lieut.' Oovemar, ^ [A per
diem while Legislature is in session.
Alexander T. Gray, of Green Bay, See, of StaU 4^ JhuUtor^ 1855, 1,000
Edward H. Jansaen, of Washington Co., Treasurer^ *< 800
George B. Smith, of Geneva, Attorney- General^ ^* 800
Hiram A. Wright, of Shullsburg, SypU of PyhUe Instr^ •« 1,000
William Dudley, Ldbrarian.
Herman Haertel, State Emigrant AgenU^ Office Ab. 89, Greenwich Street^
^ JVeio York City.
William M. Dennis, Bank Comptroller,
A. W. Starks, State Prison Commissioner.
^
H^^
^^1
W^rd V. Whiton,
bmm D. Smith,
muol Crawford,
Harlow S. Orton,
I^Jkj^ette Kellogg,
Judiciary.
Si^eme Court.
Term expires,
of Janesville, Chief Justice^ 1857,
of Milwaukee, .Assistant Justice^ 1859,
of Mineral Point, "
of Madison, Reporter.
of Madison, Clerk.
Circuit Courts,
1855,
Salary.
f 2,000
2,000
2,000
Clltult.
Term expires.
SUary.
I. Jamea R. Doolittle,
of Racine,
1859,
f 1,500
% Levi Hubbell,
of Milwaukee,
1857,
1,500
a Chftrles H. Larrabee,
of Ozaukee,
1860,
1,500
4, Timothy O. Howe,
of Green Bay,
1856,
1,500
Bu Montgomery M. Cothren
f of Mineral Point,
1858,
1,500
€. Wintm Knowlton,
of Prairie du Chien,
1856,
1,500
7. George W. Gate,
of Plover,
1860,
1,500
. ALexAnder L. Collins, of Madison,
1860,
1,500
fB56.] WiscoNSiK. 80d
The judicial power of the State, as to matters both of law aod e<^uity, is
rested in a Supreme Court, in Circuit Courts, in County Courts with pro-
bate powers and jurisdiction, and in justices of the peace. The Supreme
Court, except the power of issuing writs of habeas corpus^ mandamtis^
and the like, has appellate jurisdiction only, and in no case holds jury
trials. It consists of one chief justice and two associate justices, whose
term of office is six years, and salary $2,000 per annum. At present two
terms of the court are held annually, at the seat of government. The
State is divided into six judicial circuits. The judges are elected by the
voters of each circuit respectively, and hold their office for six years, at a
salary of $ 1,500 per annum. The Circuit Courts have original jurisdiction
in all matters civil and criminal within the State (except in a few specified
eases), and an appellate jurisdiction from all inferior courts. They have
also power to i«|ue writs of habeas corpus, quo, vjarranto, and the like.
Terms of the Circuit Courts are held at least twice in each year in every
county.
A County Court is established in each county. The judge is elected by
the voters of the county, and holds office for four years. This court has
jurisdiction concurrent with the Circuit Courts in all civil actions arising
within or without the county when the debt or damages claimed do not ex-
ceed $500, and exclusive appellate jurisdiction in all cases of appeal or eer-
tiorari, from justices of the peace. It has also probate powers and juris-
diction. Justices of the peace are elected in the several towns, bold office
for two years, and have jurisdiction throughout their counties in civil mat-
ters when the debt or damages claimed do not exceed $ 100.
Wisconsin InstitxUefor the Bducatiou ofthe Blind. — C. R Woodruff, Saperintendent.
An inatitution for the education of the blind was organized in 1850, at JanesTiUe. A tax of
one fifteenth of a mill on every dollar of taxable property in the State is levied for \\m nIcJ.
It was opened August 1, 1850. The number of pupils, January 1, 1854, was 13, 7 txiys und
6 girls. The expense of conducting the institution for the year was $ 2,421. >^'^. The ^ut^.^
in 1863 appropriated 9 1,600 towards iu support.
Deqfand Dumb Institute, Delmvan, Walworth Oo. — L. Foot, PrincipaL Th o i n^ ituif a
wae established ina852 A building has been erected 32 X 44 feet, and twu siories hl^fh,
a wing of a larger structure to be hereafter built as may he required. Tl^re were
January, 1854, 14 pupils in attendance. There are about 175 deaf mutes in the Sraie.
State Prison^ at Waupun, Fond du Lac Co. — Henry Brown, Commiieloxiier, Nvmber
of convicts, April 1, 1852, 16; received to Dec. 31, 1852^ 16; ina|l, 31. Disdi^rgetl, ]
Escaped, 1. In prison, Dae SI, 1862, 27, of whom 2 ware fiusales. In prison in 1^5:^, u, t
wtMHn 6 were females.
Common Schools. —By the report of the Superintendent of Public Instrudtipn, U apji
that the capital of the School Fund, Dec. 31, 1853, was $ 1,141,804.28, of whic^h ihi^ sum G
1 1,107,709.36 is dtawhig interest at 7 per cent., and will give 977,639 for dSstrlbution, or a
fiPKtlon over 56 cents to each child in the Slate between 4 and 90 years of use* Thers is,
besides, the University Fund, of 893,732.40, the income of which is applied fot ihe tieiieGi of
the State University. For the year ending August 31, 1853, returns were recctvpil frcirn IB of
the 45 counties In the State. Of the 421 towns in the counties heard from, i^ll ^nt ^ rnadfr
reports. The number of school districts in the reporting towns was 2,072. K^,-^J3 o\ji (>r ihe
138,279 children residing in the counties, between the ages of 4 and 20^ bLienUmi ^chm
1,634 children under 4 years of age, and 1,008 over 2D, attended school. Avtr.i^a intTEithl
wages of male teachers, • 18.24 ; of female, 8 9-60. Average number of iDoniha kept J
male teachers, 3.126; by female teachers, a67. 8113,788.18 were expended for i
810 CAurojooA, [1895.
wttgn, $l,M6w991brIlbrul6«, ttid $3,99648 fbr other parpoMs. Nnmbar of TolnmeB m-
portad in Ubnria, 6,TKI. Tfaefs are 74 echoot-hcnweB of brick, 67 of ■tone, 996 of logs, and
lfiB9 framed, and all are raload at • 289,346.89. The higheet TalaaUon of any achool-hoiue
to • 5,660, and the lowwt %0.GO.
FllTAllCU.
Tbtal reeeipta finr the jear ending December 31, 1863,' • . '. • • 311,633.73
Ibtal expenditnree daring the eame period 954,I97i8
Balance in the Traaeuiy, January 1,1854, •67,436w48
The State d^ le 1 100,000 ; annual interaet, 8 per cent., thereon, 1 8,000.
GM^Setfrcceo/JtevemM. LegWatvie^ .... •89,549.90
Stole tana» .... • 93,621.61 Oonthigentezpeneee^ • . 20,669.66
State loan, 63,023.00 Printing, 19,603.09
Banktasaa, .... 3,636 42 Sute prieon, 13,641.94
Jndiciary fund, .... 1,414.00 Geological earroy, . . . 1,375.25
School fund, .... 62,927.61 Emigrant agency, .... 1,800.06
School fund income, . . . 68,101.69|8cheol fund, .... 33^609.84
Vnirereity fund, . . 9,099.89Schoel fund income, . . . 66,186.71
Chitf Umm of Esptnditun. Uniyenity fund income, . 3^.69
Sdariee, 94,443J27
The aggragate value of the reel and personal property in an except 15 conntiee of the State
■abject to taxation, Ibr the year 1893, wae 821,725,191.34. The six-mill tax upon thie
amounted to t I30,3S3l12. In 1864 there were asBeased 8,613,496 aciee of land at the ralua
of 851,803,538 ; Tillage and city lots of the raluation of 86,384,182 ; personal property to the
aaKNint of 9 6,098,000 ; being in aU, f 64,286,714, upon which the 3.5 mille tax was S 225,000.
Birtht^ Marriagetf and DuUha. «- For the year ending July 20, 1863, then were reported
884 marriages, 130 Mrths, and 28 deaths.
XXXI. CALIFORNIA.
Government for the Tear 1855.
Term expires. Shtorj.
John BioLXR, of Sacramento Citj, Governor ^ Jan. 1856, ^10,000
Samuel Purdy, of Stockton, Ideut.-Gov. fy Pre^ <f SenaU^ $20 a
[day during aesaion of Legislature.
J. W. Denyer, of Sacramento City, Secretary of Suue^ Jan. 1866, 3,500
Samuel Bell, Controller, " 5,000
S. A. M. Means, Treasurer, " 5,000
J. R. McConnell, of San Jos6, Attorney-General^ ** 1,000
8. H. Morlett, of San Jos6, Surveyor- General, ^^ 500
PaulK.Hobbs, of Mariposa, Sup'tofPuh.huirueiion,**^ 4,500
W. E. P. Hartwell, of Monterey, Translator, Fees f 1.50 per folio
[of 100 words.
Wm. C. Kibbe, of Calaveras Co., Mj, and Q. M. Gm., 2,000
G. Kenyon Fitcfa, of Sacramento City, Stale Printer, .^f®^
Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and two associate jus-
tices. It has appellate jurisdiction where the matter in dispute exceeds
$ 200, and where the legality of certain acts is questioned, and in certain
criminal cases. The justices are elected by the people for six years, and
are so classified that one goes out of office every two years. The senior
udge in office is the chief justice.
1855.] CALIFOSKIA. 811
Tenn axpiiM. Salary.
Hugh C. Murray, of San Francisco, CAt>/ Justice, Jan., 1856, $8,000
Alex. Anderaon, of Calaveras Co., ^ssoe. Justice, Jan. ^1858, 8,000
Jl^soe, Justice^ Jan., 1860, 8,000
Eugene H. Tharpe, of San Francisco, Clerk, Jan., 1856, Fees.
Henry Norton, ** Reporter, •*
District Courts,
The District Courts have jurisdiction in law and equity, where the amount
in dispute, exclusive of interest, exceeds $200. The constitution provided
tliat at the first election the judges should be chosen by the Legislature, but
afterwards by the peopie, and for a term of six years. A county judge is
elected in each county for fbur years, to act as judge of probate, to hold the
County Court, and with two justices of the peace to hold Courts of Sessions
for criminal business. Clerks of courts, district attorneys, sheriffi, coro-
ners, &c. are elected by the people.
Judge.
O. S. Witherbjr,
Henry A. Tefii,
C. P. Hester,
Deioa Lake,
Beaidenoe. Salary. Jadge.
San Diego, 8 7,500 Robert Hopkin
San Luis Obispo, 7,500
SanJo86,
San Francisco,
Charles M. Creaner, Stockton,
Lewis Aidrich, Sacramento City,
7,500 W. S. Sherwood,
7,500 Barbour,
7,600 FarweU,
7,600
Superior Court of San Francisco, John Saterlee, Justice,
Finances.
The total debt of the State on the 20th of December, 1853, was as follows : —
3 per cent, bonds outstanding, •4,075.00
Interest to date, 5,501.25
7 per cent, bonds of 1861, 384,000.00
7 per cent, bonds of 1852, I,422,00a00
SUte prisofl tKJoda, act of IBo3, , , . , . . , 100^000.00
Besideiice.
Salary.
Sonoma,
8 7,500
7,500
Hamilton City,
7,500
Nevada,
7,600
El Dorado,
7,500
• 9,576.25
l,SO6,O00,00
jei.Mg.ao
CompiriDllerB* civil warmaXa quiaiRndingr BeCBmbar 20, 1853, . , .
TutalcitfildHbL, . 2,0fl7,l§6.i
H&iDDunl of war dftbti, principal and inLercaL^ *%,..,. 921^!
Debt Lo I he School Fund for land oold, ....,.,. 4C3,3€0.Dl>
Debt coi^iTBCled for Indiaji eipediii&na, ...*...» 034,253.6S >
Touldebt - •4,3as,075i.! ~
It U expdcteit ibm the wur debt md that conincied for [ndiaa fiscpt^LLloni will be i
and pa\d by tha g^n«Fal govern mam.
Tlws ncjinins and Hipenditiireaof iho Slnta iiiitfer Lbs ftrilowlnf heads for (bar yeaiBj frtHn
iSSa 10 iSda, Ma mx failawa : —
Year.
RewiptB.
Lc^ Lilian iro.
ExcculiToi,
JuJKLiary. M
IHSU
1852
1853
330,70645
3G6,8^-07
434,150 00
"$3^d,U4.4i>
;i75,9:i9.5j:j
40!) 008.82
a80,61J).48
$ 26,568,30
65,870,00
94,600.00
102,607.04
135,915.00
142,000(10
1 26,6:^7 .0!i
I,l34,927.7y
1,494,701.60
289,645.34
431,508.51*
ATBrage,
283,731.94
373,675.42
72,411.33
107,877.14 ,
Total expemlilure, B^abovCj In Iha lo«r yean wtiii 8 ^'ZlSfSHS.eS^ avf^mglng 1^5:^^
SIS OAUWOMSIA. [1865*
DsHnf lb* jmr Mdiaf Jane 30, 1862, tbe chief iteme of raceipCe and expendltares were w
Judiciary $ 155,fi33.76
Legislative, 850,261.61
Auction and gamin; tax, . . 111,729.47 Hospitals 90,939.75
Oommutation tax, . . . 94,391.25 Printing, exchnire of that of Leg-
Chi^ Sources of Income,
Property and poll tax, . . #227,288.07
MiHurytax, .... $40a00
islatora, and of tbe Execativia
Water lou, .... 1,000.00 Deiwtinent, . 107,697.84
Forfeited reeogniaocaa, 908.00 State Prieon cooTieta in emoAj
Exprew lieeneea, .... 25.00 jails, 10,665.67
Foreign miners' Ilcenaee, . 1,002.53 Tranaportatton of conTlcts, . . 16,006.00
Fees on commlaelona, . 80.75 Relief efimmigianta, 18,060.77
Total, • 366,825.07 Translatieo of SpanlvlilawB, . 4,13650
HbpofSiBta, .... l,3fiU»
Principal Itenu of JSxpendUure, Miacellaneoua, . . . 76,843.56
Executive, 894,886.201 Total, •925,604.65
The taxable property in the Slate, and the taxes thenon for tbe year ISfiS, were as fol-
lows : — Number of acres of land, 6,719,442. Value, 8 10,763,010; ImproTements thereon,
1 8,1KnB,219. Value of city and town lots, 8 1 1 ,977,069 ; improfvements thereon, 8 10, 163.631 .
Value of personal propany, 821,102,801. Total taxable property, 8 56,982,320. Total Slato
taxes on same, l)eing 30 ceoU on each 8 100, 8 170,946.96. Poll taxes for 1868, 8 60,744.28.
Total taxes, 8 838,397.39.
Commo n ScAoole.—The constitution prorides for the election of a Superinl«ndent of
Public Instruction, to bold office for three years, and that the Legislature shall establish a
system of common schools, to be taught at least three months in each year. By the earn*
instrument, tbe proceeds of tbe public lands granted to tbe Stale for seheob, the 500,000
acres granted to new Sutes under the act of Coogresa of 1841, esutes of persons dying with-
out heirs, and such per cent, as Congress shall grant on the sale of lands in this Suie, eball
be a fund, the interest of which and the rents of unsold lands are to be inviolably appropriate
ed to the support of common schools. The estimated amount of land to which the school*
fiind is entitled from the 16th and 36th sections in each township, resenred for the use of
schools, is suted by the United Sutes SurreyorGeneral in California to be 5,801,244 acres.
Add ihe 500,000 acres under the law of 1841, and the amount becomes 6,701,914 acres. The
price per acre, by existing laws, Is 88, which would gire 8 11,408,468 for tlie school-flind.
The fund, the interest of which is to be appropriated annually, now amounts to 8463,360.
January 1, 1854, the distribution was made of the income of the schoolfand, and it amounted
to 8 5.602 to each child returned as within the organized school districts. The Legislature
has established a Board of Education for the Sute, consisting of the Governor, the Super-
intendent of Public Instruction, and the Sur▼eyo^Oenenl ; the Governor being the Presi-
dent, and the Superintendent of Public Instruction being the Secreury thereof. Each town,
&c. elects three persons as commissionera of schools for tbe town, and a constable as a
common scliool nuirshal. Provision is also made for County Superintendents.
State Prison. — The whole number of convicts, Dec. 30, 1853, was 812, — 240 males and
2 females.
Insane Asylum, at Stockton. — 8 75,000 were paid in 1853 towards the erection of build-
ings for an Insane Asylum ai Stockton. A brick edifice, 130 by 50 feet, and two stories high,
«nd a frame structure 40 feet square, an now built. The Asylum has about 100 acrss of land
attached to it. Dec 15, 1853, there were in the Asylum 101 palienta, — 91 make and 10
females.
State Marine Hospital, San Francisco. — Between July and December, 1863, 1,446 males
uid 42 females were admitted into the hospital, and for the support of 921 of these the city
of San Francisco is responsible. Dec. 23, 1853, there were In the hospital 300 males and
11 females.
18550
TBRRITORIBB.
XXXII. OREGON TERRITORY.
Government for the Year 1855.
91S
George L. Ccrrt, of Oregon City, Governor^
Benjamin F. Harding, Secretary^
JUDICIART.
George H. Williams,
Matthew P. Deady,
Cyrus Olney,
William H. Farrar,
John McCracken,
of Oregon City,
Term expires. Salary.
1858, $3,000
1858, 2,000
Salary.
Chief Justice, $ 2,500
Associate Justice, 2,500
«' 2,500
Attorney, Fees and 250
Marshal, Feos and 200
XXXIII. MINNESOTA TERRITORY.
Government for the Year 1855.
Term enda.
Willis A. Gorman, of St. Paul, Governor and Superintendent
of Indian Affairs, 1857,
Joseph T. Rosser, *< Secretary, **
JODICIART.
of St. Paul, Chief Justice, 1857,
" Associate Justice, "
WilKam H. Welch,
Andrew G. Chatfield,
Moses Sherburne,
John E. Warren,
M. W. Irwin,
of Stillwater, Attorney, Fees
of Cottage Grove, .AfarxAaf, Fees
Salary.
$2,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
and 250
and 200
XXXIV. UTAH TERRITORY.
Government for the Year 1855.
Term enJ9. Saliuy^j
Edward J. Steptoe, of Salt Lake City, Governor and Sup*t
of Indian Affairs, 1858, $2,5
Secretary, 18f.7, 2,0
Judiciary.
of Salt Lake City, Chief Justice, 1857, 2,1
*^ Associate Justice, ** 2,5
II M *<^ 2 5
" Attorney^ F<j«s and 1
<* Marshal, Fl^cs and S
Almon W. Babbitt,
John F. Kinney,
George P. Stiles,
W. W. Drummond,
Seth Blair,
Joseph L. Haywood,
XXXV. NEW MEXICO TERRITORY.
Government for the Year 1855.
Term emtJa. S^ili
Datid Merriwether, of Santa F6, Governor and Sup* t
of Indian Affairs, 1857, $ :i,Q(|
William W. H. Davis, " Secretary of State, 1857,
27
314
James J. Davenport,
Perry E. Brocchus,
Kirby Benedict,
Wm. Claode Jonei,
Charles Bloomer,
TBERITOBIS8. [1S65.
JvDioiAmr.
Term ends. Salarj.
of Santa F6, Chief Justice^ 1857, $2,500
<« Jissodate Justice^ «^ 2,500
" " " 2,500
M Jhtomey, Fees and 250
<« Marshal^ Fees and 200
XXXVI. WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
Term ends. Salary.
Isaac J. Stxvehs, of Puget's Sound, Governor and Su-
perintendent of Indian Affairs, 1857, $ 3,000
Charles H. Mason, of Puget's Sound, Secretary, ^ 2/MX)
Judiciary.
of Puget's Sound, Chief Justice^ 1857,
'• AsModaU JusiUe, 1858,
Edward Lander,
Obediah B. McFadden,
Francis A. Chenoweth,
John S. Clendenin,
J. P. Anderson,
Attorney,
Marshal^
Fees
Fees
2,500
2,500
2,500
and 250
and 200
XXXVII. KANZAS TERRITORY.
Term ends. Salary.
AiTDaxw H.Reeder, of Fort Leavenworth, Governor^ 1858, f 2,500
Daniel Woodson, ** Secretary, '< 2,000
Judiciary.
8amlDeiterLacompte,ofFt.Lea¥enworth,CAtef Justice, 1858, • 2,000
Siindera W. Johnston, '* Jssociate Juetiee^ ^ 2,000
Rush EJrnore, " « « 2,000
Andrew J. Isaacs, " Attorney ^ Fees and 250
^. B. DonaJdson,
«< Marshal, Fees and 200
^^ xxxvin.
NEBRASKA TERRITORY.
it
Tenn anda. Salary.
MfARE W. IZARD,
Governor, 1858, $2,500
^^hoEDSfi B. Cuming,
Secretary, « 2,000
L
JODICIART.
Hnncr Ferguson,
Chief JustUe, 1858, 2,000
^wafd 11. Harding,
Associate Justice, " 2,000
4amea Bmdiey,
" " 2,000
%%p B r i ti » CO Easterbrook,
Attorney, Fees and 250
Marshal, Fees and 200
ISM.]
AMSRICAK STATES.
XXXIX. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
315
The District of Columbia is under the immediate government of Con-
gress. The city of Washington became the seat of the government of the
United States in 1800, and it is the residence of the President, and the other
chief executive officers of the national government. By an act of Con-
gress, in 1846, which was subsequently accepted by the people of Alexan-
dria, the city and county of Alexandria were retroceded to the State of Vir-
ginia, and the District is now confined to the Maryland side of the Potomac.
Judiciary.
Circuit Court of the -L
William Craneh^ of Washington,
James T. Morsel, of Georgetown,
James Dunlop, "
P. B. Key, of Washington, .
Jonah D. Hoover, "
)istriet. aUary.
Chief Judge, $2,700
Associate Judge, 2,500
2,500
Attorney, Fees and 200
Marshal, Fees.
John A. Smith, **
Clerk,
Fees.
Criminal Court for the District,
Thomas H. Crawford, Judge,
John A. Smith, Clerk,
$2,000
Fees.
Orphans' Court
W. F. Parcell, of Washington Co.,
Edward N, Roach, *«
Judge,
Register,
$1,500
Fees.
AMERICAN STATES.
1. Govermaeiits of A^orth Jmerica.
Qonrnmenu.
¥
H
T>JinTah Amorica EGrBenland),
FrencVi PfrsSiSJi'iu (St Pierre ,4c.}
FtijsBiafj AmerJCAj,
dciaria Km,
Hvw Brunswick,
P^acM Ed ward 'i Islajidj
ViiikCouver [al. k. British Or«gr>j:i,
CTnbi«d RuiLed of Am«f icAf
LTiiited Spates afBItixiea,
San SiilvBtlari
NkFjraeua,
Qri^ttsFnalo,. •-
C<M!ia RrdJi,
>Tiia<iiiiiia,
The Bay TsUn<lj (British Colony)
Toul,
Area in
Sriuare
lis
3*t,0P0
1,800,000
147,832
27, 7^ W
2,IM
rj7,000
£13,600
14,000
72,000
2S,000
17,000
aatjao
e2,740
tiOD.
Capital T,
g,4rw
aoo
6a,oo(>
190,000
8£10,S0l
2f«,uao
300,tMiJ
120.0(H3
23.J3l,B76
7,200,000
36,5.000
39S,£»0
310,000
935,000
140,000
G,000
n.oGe
Lichlenfela,
iSt, Piflrre.
N. Archangel.
VortFattory,
/TornntOj {
^Cjiiubet:, i
FnnlQfickton,
Halirajt,
CharkuLieT'n,
St, John's,
Pt. Uingley^
Wftshington,
Mexico,
SanSidrador,
Chiqtiimulo,
N'.GuateniQls
BaliEfl,
Govtrnora, kc.
Si rGen, Slmpgnn ^Man
StrE.W.HeEid.Bt.,Gw
ij M Sutmn. iJ.Gm
SirJ,G I^MiirrbaiJL,rf
A\sx BannermEin, dttA
Kerr fl. H,tn)il(ou, rfeJ
[Sir J^mefl Douglas, cf«.l
FliANli:LlNP||!BCS,^J
A.Lh dtf SaiiLaAiuHLiT
J. F. Quiroz,
Juan Leade, da,
Warianti Vamt^es, dn.
JiianEnpliBcl Moaa th.
Jpttdajo (Indlojil^ King.
7^i,i5S\-4,%^0,im.
916
POPULATION or THE GLOBE.
[1865.
8. West imdiBn Gotemnuntt,
GovernmenU.
Ana in
Square
MilM.
PopulSr
tioo.
CapitalA.
Goreraora, &c.
Wmdmard Ulanda,
Baitadoeik
Granada, ac,
Sl Vincent,
SULucia,
Lemard Itlandtf
Antigua,
MontMrntt,
% Chriatopher and Angullla,
Novis.
Virffin Ttlands,
Dominica,
Bahama IslandSi
Turk'M Island,
Bermuda lalands,
Ouatldlupe, dtc., ) C
Bfartinlqua, > French, {
St. Martin's, N.SIde.i (
St. Martin'*, S. Side, — Dutch,
Cura^oa, &c. , — Dutch,
Sanu Crua, &c., — Danish,
St. Thomas, — Danish,
St. John's, — Danish,
St. Bartholomew's, — Swedish,
Toul,
11,000
18,000
42,383
3,866
5,46S
2,000
166
155
131
187
168
49
103
30
137
291
6,422
400
47
634
322
21
11
680
81
37
72
25
800,000 Cap© HaTt'n,
200.000 SanDommgo,
l,00r,624 Havana,
600,000 ;San Juan,
379,690 SpanishTown
Puerud'Esp
Bridfttown,
Kingston,
Scarboro',
Castries,
St. John's,
e0,319
135,939
23,923
27,248
13,208
24,500
36,178
7,366
24,508 Baasetem,
10.200 Chariestown,
4,087 1
22.469 Roeseau,
27,519 Nassau.
3,4001
14,000 Hamilton,
134,544 Basseterre,
121,145 Port Royal,
2,200
3,500
26,311
35,000
8,000
3,000
9,000
91,81-^
3,868.919
Wilhamstadt,
Christ'nstadt,
LaC?aronage,
Paoatin L. Emperor.
Sanuna, PreaidetU.
J. de la Concha, Ct. O.
, d».
SirH Barkly ,6o«. Gen.
Lord Harria, €?o9.
SirW.M.G.Onlabrooko.
do.
R. W. Keate, lA. Gov.
R. G. M'DoneU, do.
Dominick Daly, do.
C. H. Dariinff , Esq., do.
M. Power, Ek|., Gov.
Booth.
RH.D.Hay. LI. GTovl
W. Shortland,£sq.,do.
S. W. BlackalL
C. R. Nesbit, Li. Gov.
Col. F. Murray, Chn.
, do
Bruat, do.
— , do.
— d^.
J J. J. R. Elseirer, do.
Peter Van Scholten,<l«.
— S do.
, do
— , do
3. Chvemnunts of South America,
Oovemm«nt3.
Arw ill
Sguarts
mas.
4l6,60ri
Qo¥Bmo(», fck
V'oneiueK JitpuUic,
Jfffl^^rei! . M oniwBa, JV.
N^ewOfinada, do.
3fcil*AKJ
J<j«« HUam L.>p«i, d».
FliiDfidoi', do.
's^Xiim
m^tmi g^iia.
hisi Miiriii UrMaa, <io.
Bolivia, da.
3T 1,4^1
l,7tXM.liHJ Chuquiiaffl, 'fTaii. Beliy, <to.
Pefu, d*.
B80,0«l
l,4f|fKif)ii I'ii^iF*. J 11. &l>oiiinue, da.
€hilL dp.
170,00(1
l/2l>UinO Parilm^o,
Pb.Hp Moun, de.
AfHitulinQ Rfl^cjlilic,
fla7,onn
a,Orin,(«f> BucufwAFiw.
Oti^JiEwlf., Pr,i>icr,
tffil4?ij:iy, i^pithtiCf
laOpOoo
25fi.00(> >Iontflndeo,
Jomnnn Suftre*, /^W,
Eoiru Ftioa, do.
fla,fion
R'J.OtlOiBaii.iia,
(icn, Ufqijiia. Gtrt^.
PliTa^uay. d^i.
74,000
360.000 ACflrHjion,
Carloj} lji\t9f,.Dictat9r^
mazll, Empimrff
8,300,000
7/.G[J,00omo£lftJanelnJ
?i^\tp It, Emperor*
Oulftna (Britiah}^
76^000
127,6jr> Geflf^eiawn,
WnL Watkor, £J.-Ofl».
Vmi&iia. iDmcky,
3a,E00
54,270 Paniinnribci,
' , Gw.-Gm.
Gitlacia iFVcnchy,
SlniiOO
3t>,Ono,CBjfeiino,
V. do r^ngendiw, t?,-ff.
PntHsnnfiiH
Mi.noo
moon!
iNativoLliiBfe.J
fuTkNiii UTftnf!».
IB .000
SOOjPort Lotilfl,
Go&rgis EUonle,
Tufcil,
u.asrr;rTO
J9.m3.4ar| --
Gmrwl r<n3l [if America,
&9 a=^Bcai
POPULATION OF THE GLOBE.
' Africa, variously estimated from 60,000,000 to 100,000,000
America (as above), 68,252.882
Asia, including Islands, 626,000,000
Australia and Australian group of Islands, 1,445.000
Europe (as on p. 320;, . 263,617,521
Polynesia (a mere estinMta, as there are few or no data), 1,500,000
Total population of the GHobe, 1,060,715,403
^ * Born Dw:. 2, 1826; a«!ondad the throne April 7, 1831.
EUROPE.
REIGNING SOVEREIGNS OF EUROPE.
Name.
Oscar I.
Nicholas I.
Frederic VII.
Victoria I.
WiUiam III.
Leopold I.
Fred. Win. IV
iolin
George V.
Fred. Francis
George
Peler
WiUiam
Adolpbus
Cli8.A]exaadei
Emeet IL
Bernard
Ernest
Leopold
Alexander
Gunther
Gunther
Henry XX.
Henry LXIL
Leopold
George
George Victor
Ferdinand
Frederict
Frederic Wm
Louis ni.
Chas. Antony :
Frederic t
Aloys
Wlfliam L
Majcimilianll.
Fran.JoBeph
Napoleon!
Isabella IL
Pedro V.S
IHct Eman. II.
Leopold II.
Robert
Francis V.
Pius IX
Ferdinand II.
OthoL
Abdul Medjid
Floresun
Stirbey M
Ghilcall
King
Emperor
King
Queen
King
Grand Duke
Title.
Duke
Prince
LandgraFe
PrinceRegent
Elector
Grand Duke
Prince
ffing
Queen
King
King
Grand Duke
Duke
Pope
King
<(
Sultan
Prince
Hospodar
Hospodar
State.
Sweden and Norway July 4,
Russia July 6,
Denmark Oct. 6,
Great Britain May 24,
Holland orNetherlanda Feb. 19,
Belgium Dec. 16,
Prussia Oct. 15,
Saxony Dec. 13,
HanoFer May 27,
Mecklenburg-Schwer. Feb. 28,
MecklenburgSirelitz Aug. 12,
Oldenburg July 8,
Brunswick Apr. 25,
Nassau July 24,
Saxe-Weimar-Eisen June 24,
Saze-Goburg-Gotha June 21,
Saxe-Meiningen Dec. 17,
Saxe-Altenhurg Sept. 16,
Anhalt-Dessau Oct. 1,
Anhalt-Bernburg Mar. 2,
Schwarzburg-Kudolst. Nor. 6,
Schwarz'g-Sonder'n, Sept. 24,
Reuss, Elder Line, June 29,
Reuss, Younger Line, May 31,
Lippe-DetmoJd SepU 1,
Lippe-Schaumburg Dec. 20,
Waldeck Jan. 14,
Hesse- Homburg Apr. 26,
Baden Sept. 9,
Hesee-Cassel Aug. 20,
Hesse-Darmstadt June 9,
Hohenn>rn-Sigmar'n, Sept. 7,
HoUenzol'n Hechin'n, Feb. 16,
Lichtenstein May 26,
Wurteraberg Sept. 27,
Bavaria Nov. 28,
Austria Aug. 18,
France Apr. 20,
Spain Oct. 10,
Portugal Sept 16,
Sardinia Mar 14,
Tuscany Oct. 3,
Parma July 9,
Modena and Massa June 1,
Slates of the Church May 13,
Two Sicilies Jan. 12,
Greece June 1,
Turkey Apr. 23,
Monaco ' Oct. 10,
Wallachia
Moldaria
Date of
Birth.
1799
1796
180e
Mar. 8,
Dec. 1,
Jan. 20,
1819 June 20,
1817
Mar. 17,
1790 July 21,183140
1795 June 7,184045
Aug. 10,
\or. 18,
Mar. 7,
Nov. 6, 181637
Feb 27,185326
Apr. 25, 1831 25
Aug. 20,
1818 July 8,185335
1801
1819
1823
1779
1827
1806
1817
1818 Jan. 29,
1800
1826
1794
1805
1793
1801
1794
1785
1821 Ja'n.
1784
1831
Date of
Accessiim.
1844
182529
1846
1837
1849
,1854
,1851
,1842
Dec. 24,
Aug. 3,
Aug. 9,
Mar. 24,
Apr. 28,
Sept. 3,
Oct. 31,
Apr. 17,
Jan. 1,
Feb. 13,
May 15,
Sept. 8
Mar. 30,
Nov. 20,
June 16,
Aug. 27,
Sept. 13,
Apr. 20,
Oct. 30,
Mar. 21,
Dec. 2,
Dec. 2
1844
1803
185327
1817 22
183429
1807
1835
183642
181b
1851
1787
1845
1783 Sept. 8, 184865
1826
1802
1806
1811
1801
1796
1781
1611
1830 Dec.
185226
184745
1848
184837
133837
183640
181635
1848
184^
1852
1833
1863
1849
1830 Sept. 29,
1837 xNov. 15.
1820 Mar. 23,
June 18, 1824 26
Mar. 27,
1819 Jan. 21,
1792 June 21,
Nor. 8, 1830|20
1815 May 7,1832
1823 July 2,1839
Oct. 2;--
June 16,
June 16,
,1854
,1846
,1846
,1841
,1849
, 1849
Lutheran
GreekChurch
Lutheran
Prot. Episc.
Reformed
Lutheran*
Evangelical
Catholic*
Evangelical
Lutheran
Evangelical
Lutheran
relical
Lutheran
42
54
RaUgioo.
Reformed
((
Evangelical
Reformed
Evangelical
Reformed
Lutheran
Catholic
Lutheran
Catholic
Catholic*
Mahometan*
Catholic I
GreekChurch
I
* The King of Belgium is a Protestant, though his subjecu are mostly Catholics ; the King
of Saxony is a CalAo/tc, though the greater part of his subjects are Protestants j and the King
of Greece is a Catholic, though most of his subjecu are of the Greek Church. Of the 16,500,000
European subjects of the Sultan of Turkey, 11,370,000 are of the Greek Church, and 260,000 are
CathoUcfl Only 3.800,000 are Mahometans.
t The Grand Duke of Baden Is Louis, born Aug. 15, 1823, who is under guardianship by reason
•fioaanUr.
I Dec. 7, 1849. These two princes abdicated in favor of the King ofPrnssla.
f The regent of the kingdom is Ferdinand, husband of the late queen, a prince of Saxe Gobi
II (Joder the sorereignty of Turkey, and the protection of Russia.
97 ♦
818
STATES OF EtTKOFE.
STATES or EUROPE,
[1855.
With Uu Form of GovemnuHi, and Square MUes^ aeeording to MeCuUoek's
Oeoffraphieal Dictionary^ with Corrections; and the Population (ekiejly) from the
Almanack de Gothafur 1853.
Popu-
lation.
Date of
Enum'a.
SutM and Titlea.
Form of Government.
Andorra, Pyreneee, Rqmb.
♦Anhalt-Bemburff, Duch^^
♦Anhalt-Cttthao^t "
«Anhalt-De«sau, "
^Anetria, Empm^
*Ba(Wo, Grand Duchy,
^Bararia, Kingdom,
Belgium. ^'
^Bremen. Pnt City,
* Brunt wick, Duchy,
Church. SiAio9o(, Popedom,
DeavMtk, Kingdom,
France, Empire,
♦Frenkrort, Free City,
Oreat Britain, Kingdom,
Greece, "
♦Hamburg, Free City,
♦Hanover. Kingdom,
♦HeMe-Caaeel, Electorate,
♦Heeae<Darm«tadt, Q. Duck.
♦Heese-Horab'f, Landg'v'te,
Holland, with liuxemburg,
Ionian Islands, Republic,
♦Lichlensiein, Principal,,
♦Lippe-Delmold, "
♦Lippe-Schaumburg, "
♦Ubbec, Free City,
♦Mecklen.-Schwerin.a Du.
♦Mecklenburff-Strelitx, "
Modeaaand Masaa, Duchy,
Monaco, Principality,
♦Naaeau, Duchy,
♦Oldenburg, Ch-and Duchy,
Parma, Duchy,
Portugal, Kingdom,
♦Prueeia, **
♦Reuse. Principalitiea of,
{Russia (in Europe). £f7i/nre,
San Marino, Republic,
"-rdinia. Kingdom,
^xony, "
♦Baxe-Altenburg, Duchy,
46axe-Coburg k Ootha, "
•fiaxe-Mein.-Hildbureh."
idaxe-WeinL-Eieenach, "
l^hwanburg-Rudotst., Pr.
ifiehwarzburg-Sondersh., "
|lcUtes,TheTwo, Kingdom,
Iweden, ) n
torway, >
kritzerland, RepubUe,
►Turkey, Empire,
iscany. Grand Duchy,
'^ddeck. Principality,
'iirtemberf , Kingdom,
With two ayndice and a council,
Sutei having limited powers,
Absolute monarchy,
Limited sovereignty ; two chambers,
Limited monarchy ; "
Republic ; senate and aasembly,
Limited sovereignty ; one ctiamber.
Absolute sovereignty.
Limited monarchy ; with prov. states.
Const, mon. ; senate and legislat. body,
Republic; senate and aasembly.
Limited monarchy ; lordsandcommons.
Limited monarchy ; two chambers,
Republic; senate and assembly,
Limited monarchy ; two chambsrs.
Limited sovereignty ; two chambers,
Limited sovereignty ; two chambers,
Absolute sovereignly ; one chamber,
Limited monarchy ; two chambers,
Under Brit, prolec.; council and chamb.
Limited monarchy; with one chambw.
190
318
360
7,000
60,411
43,iao
63,700
256,22636,614,466
6,712
28,435
1,362,774
4,519,546
11,313 4,359,090
112
1,625
17,048
21,856
79,047
268,943
2,906,115
2,296,597
203,736|35,781,628
91 70,244
116,70027,436,325
18,244 996.266
149 188,054
14,600 1,768,847
Republic ; senate and assembly.
Limited sovereignty; with one chamber.
Absolute sovereignty.
Absolute sovereignty,
Limited sovereignty ; two chambers,
n «
Absolute sovereignty.
Limited monarchy ; two chambers.
Limited sovereignty ; one chamber,
Absolute monarchy,
Senate and council of ancients,
Limited monarchy ; two chambers,
Limited monarchy ; two chambers.
Limited sovereignty ; one chamber,
Lim. sov. ; one chamb. for each duchy.
Limited sovereignty ; one chamber,
4,430
3,761
206
13,890
1,097
62
445
206
142
4,701
997
2,073
50
1,736
2,470
2,184
94,500
754,590
862,524
24,203
3,267,638
230,000
6,351
104,674
28,837
47,742
643,328
96,292
686,458
7,000
^8,218
278,030
3.4I2,i^if
107,30016,^6.62-
588 nil?-
2,120,39760,302.3) />
Absolute monarchy,
Limited monarchy; with a legislature.
Limited monarchy; with a legislature.
Confederation of republics ; a diet.
Absolute monarchy,
Absolute monarchy.
Limited sovereignty ; one chamber.
Limited monarchy ; two chambers.
Total,
21
28,830
6,705
491
790
968
1,403
405
358
41,621
176,480
; 170,715
16,261
189,920
8,712
455
7,668
fVlKJ
l,GW,43i
131,7^
t49J;-3
5K1.370
69,&i0
3j^^i.>=«i'n
12i;725 l,\^A7\
2.r:{iiMi*;
16,.l4Hi.liilKJ
sfl.ai'f
,802,282
1860
1860
1849
1861
18«
1850
1849
18tf
1846
1842
a 1860
6 1861
1849
1861
1861
1848
1846
1849
1846
1851
1882
1842
1849
1848
1851
1851
1848
1860
1851
1861
1851
1841
1849
1846
1846
1848
1849
1850
1849
1849
1851
1849
1849
1851
1849
1849
1846
1860
1844
1851
1860
1860
3;7re;806aS3^17^21
♦ Member of the Confederation of Germany,
t United to Anhalt-Dessau and Bemburg, since November 23, 1847.
1 Including Poland and Finland.
Ilncludmg Wallachia, Moldavia, and Servia, containing respectively 2,600,000, 1,400,000, and
1,000,000 inhabitants. e» i~ /,»»», i
a Exclusive of Iceland, with a population of 60,000, and an area of 32,000 square miles.
6 E;xclnjBive of Algeria, which conuins a population of 246,631, and has an aiw of 100,000
^oare mllae*
1855.] GBBAT BRITAIN^ 919
GREAT BRITAIN.
The Rotal Family.
The Q^eett, Alexandrina Victoria, born May 24, 1819; succeeded her
uncle. William IV., June 20, 1837 ; married, Feb. 10, 1840, to Prince Fran-
cis Albert Augustus Charles Emanuel of Saze Coburg and Gotha, born
Aug. 26, 1819. Isnte^ Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa, born Nov. 21,
1840 ; Albert Edward, born Nov. 9, 1841 ; Alice Maud Mary, born April
25, 1843 ; Alfred Ernest Albert, bom August 6, 1844 ; Helena Aucusta
Victoria, born May 25, 1846; Louisa Caroline Alberta, born March 18,
1848; Arthur William Patrick Albert, born May 1, 1850. George Leo-
pold Duncan, born April 7, 1853.
Her Majesty's Mother^ Victoria Maria Louisa, Princess Dowager of Lein-
ingen. Duchess of Kent, born August 17, 1786.
The King of Hanover. George Frederic Alexander Charles Augustus,
Kin£ of Hanover (second Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale), only son
of Ernest, King of Hanover (who was fifth son of King George III., and
uncle to the Queen), born May 27, 1819, married Feb. 18, 1843, the Prin-
cess Alexandrina, oldest daughter of Joseph, reigning Duke of Saxe Alten-
burg, by whom he has issue Ernest Augustus William Adolphus George
Frederic, Crown Prince of Hanover, born September 21, 1845, and two
princesses.
The Duke of Cambridge, Prince George William Frederic Charles, son
of Adolphus Frederic, the first Duke (who was youngest surviving son of
King George III., and uncle to the Queen), born March 26, 1819.
The DwMess of Gloucester. Mary, Duchess of Gloucester, fourth daugh-
ter of Kine George IH., and aunt to the Queen, born April 25, 1776, mar-
ried, July 22y 1816, her cousin, Prince William Frederic, second Duke of
Gloucester (who died Nov. 30, 1834).
Ministry. — Formed Dee. 28, 1852. . SaUrj.
Earl of Aberdeen, Firsl Lord of the Treasury, £ 5,000
Hon. Wm. E. Gladstone, Chancellor of the Exchequer, 5,000
Lord Viscount Palmerston, Secretary of State, — Home Dep., 5,000
Earl of Clarendon, Secretary of State, — Foreign Dep., 5,000
Duke of Newcastle, Secretary of State, — Colonial Dep., 5,00&„
Sir James R. G. Graham, First Lord of the Admiralty, 4,50(^
Lord Cranworth, Lord High Chancellor, 10,0(Xk
Earl Granville, Lord President of the Council, 2,000
Duke of Argyll, Lord Privy Seal, 2J)0U
Sir Charles Wood, President of the Board of Control, 2,000
Sir William Molesworth, First Commissioner of Works, 2,t3W
Mr. Sidney Herbert, Secretary at War, 2^000
Marquis of Lansdowne, (without office).
Lord John Rusaell, (without office).
»/ The above form the Cabinet.
Viscount Hardinge, Commander-vn- Chief of the Forces, H,460
Earl of St. Germans, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, !^!,(lOO
Sir John Young, Chief Secretary fir Ireland, 5^500
Hon. Edward Card well. President of the Board of Trade, 2,000
Sir Alexander J. E. Cockburn, Attorney' General, 5,500
Hon. Richard Betbell, Solicitor- General, 2,560
Rt. Hon. E. Strutt, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 4 ^OOfl
Viscount Canning, Postmaster- General, and Paymaster ff
the Forces, ^BQQ
Hon. M. T. Bainaa, President of the Poor Law Board, 2,0(10
Hon. C. P. Villiers, Judge Advocate General.
Earl of Mulgrave, Treasurer of the Queen's Household.
Hon. James MoncrieflT, Lord Advocate of Scotland.
820 OBKAT BBITAIir. [1865.
JvOfOIAKT.
England,
High CoMTt of Chancery, — Lord Cran worth (R. M. Rolfe, b. 1790, ap.
1862), Lori High Chan4seUar^ lalary, £ 10,000 ; Sir John Romilly (ap. 1851),
Matier of Uu RoUm, £7,000 ; Sir R. T. Kindenlej (b. 1792, ap. 1851), Sir
John Stuart (ap. 1852), Sir William Page Wood (ap. 1852), Vteo-Chan-
cMoTBy £6,000 each.
Court 1^ Appool m Chancery, — Sir J. L. Knight Bruce (ap. 1851) ; Sir
George James Turner (b. 1796, ap. 1851), Lords Justices^ £6,000 each.
Court of queen's Bench,— Lord Campbell (b. 1779, ap. 1850), Lord Chief
JuMtiee, £8,000 ; Sir J. T. Coleridge (b: 1790, ap. 1835), Sir Wm. Wight-
man (ap. 1841), Sir William Erie (b. 1793, ap. 1845), and Sir Charlea
Crompton (ap. 1852), Judges^ £5,500 each.
Cowt of Common Pleas.— 3ir John Jervis (b. 1802, ap. 1850), Lord
ChUf Justice, £7,000 ; Sir W. H. Maule (ap. 1840), Sir C. Creswell (ap.
1842), Sir Cdw. Vaugban Williams (ap. 1847), and Mr.Crowder (ap.l854),
Jiid;^e«,£ 5,500 each.
Court of Ezehequer. — Slr Frederic Pollock (b. 1783, ap. 1844), Lord
Chief Baron, £7,000; Sir James Parke (b. 1782, ap. 1834), Sir E. H. Al-
derson (b. 1787, ap. 1834), Sir Thomas Joshua Piatt (ap. 1845), Sir Sam-
uel Martin (ap. 1850), Barons^ £5,500 each.
Ecclesiastical Courts, — Vicar- General, Travers Twisa ; Principal of
Court ofArehts, Judge of Prerogative Court, Master of the Faculty Office^ '
Sir John Dodson ; Judge of Consistory Court, S. Lushington.
Mmiralty Court, — Judge, S. Lushington ; Queen's Advocate, Sir J. D.
Harding ; Mmiralty Advocate, J. Philliroore.
Scotland,
Court of Session : Inner House. — 1st Division, Duncan McNeill, Lord
Colonsaj (b. 1794, ap. 1852), Lord President, £4,800. James Ivorj, Lord
Ivory; Patrick Robertson j Lord Robertson; Andrew Rutheribrd, Lord
Rutherford, Judges, £3,000 each.
/nit«r House: 2d Division, — Kt, Hon. John Hope (b. 1794, ap. 1844),
Lord President, £4,500. Sir John Archibald Murray, Lord Murray ; Alex-
ander Wood, Lord Wood ; George Deas, Lord Deas ; Judges, £ 3,000 each.
Outer House: Permanent Lords Ordinary. — John Cowan, Lord Cowan
(b. 1798, ap. 1851) ; John Marshall, Lord Curriehill ; Robert Handyaide,
Lord Handyside ; Hercules Robertson, Lord Benholm ; C. Neavea, Lord
Neaves; £3,000 each. Right Hon. James Moncrieff, Lord Advocate^
£ 2,500 and fees. James Craufurd, Solicitor- General, £ 1,000.
Court of Justiciary, — Lord Justice General, Duncan McNeill ; Lord
Justice Clerk, Rt. Hon. John Hope ; Commissioners, Lords Cowan, Ivory,
Wood, and Handyside.
There is no division of common law, equity, civil law, or admiralty ; but
the whole business, civil and criminal, original and appellate, is discharged
by the Court of Session. For the transaction of civil business it is divided
into two divisions, each discharging precisely the same functions. One
consists of the Lord Justice General and three Puisne Judges; the other of
18S5.] PARUAJnCNT. 381
the Lord Justice Clerk and tiuve FoisBe Judges. The other &Yt Judges
sit separately, as Permanent Lords Ordinary. Tbej pronounce judgment
in the first instance; and this judgment may be carried for review before
either of the inner divisions. The criminal businees is discharged by the
Lord Justice General, the Lord Justice Clerk, and four other Judges, who
are appointed Judges of Justiciary under a separate commission.
Ireland.
Court of Chancery. ^Ru Hon. Maziere Brady (ap. 1853), Lord Chan-
eeUor, £8,000; Rt. Hon. T. B. C. Smith (ap. 1846), Master of the R0U9,
£4,300,
Court of Queen's Bench. — Rt. Hon. Thos. Lefiroy, Lord Chief Justice,
£5,074 ; Hon. Philip C. Crampton, £3,725; Rt. Hon. Louis Perrin (ap.
1836), Rt. Hon. Richard Moore (ap. 1847), Judges, £3,688 each.
Court of Common Pleas. — Rt. Hon. James Henry Monahan (ap. 1850),
Lord Chief Justice, £4,615; Hon. Robert Torrens, Rl. Hon. Nicholas Ball
(b. 1791, ap. 1839), and Hon. J. D. Jackson (b. 1783, ap. 1842), Judges,
£3,688 each. Attorney- General, Rt. Hon. Abraham Brewster; Solicitor^
General, William Keogh, Esq., £4,612.
Court of Exchequer. — Rl. Hon. David R. Pigott (ap. 1846), Lord Chitf
Baron; Hon. Richard Pennefather, Rt. Hon. John Richards (b. 1790, ap.
1837), Rt. Hon. Richard W. Greene (ap. 185!^, Barons, £3,688 each.
Parliament.
The Parliament of Great Britain consists of a House of Lords and a
House of Commons. The present is the 15th Imperial or 5th Reformed
Parliament.
House of Lords. — The House of Lords consists of Lords Temporal,
who are Peers of the Realm, and whose honors, immunities, and privileges
are hereditary, and Lords Spiritual, consisting of Archbishops ana Bishops^
All the members of the five orders of nobility of England, viz. dukesi
nuffquises, earls, viscounts, and barons, who are 21 years old, and lutior
under no disqualification, have a right to sit in the House of Lordi ; huiI in
addition to these, 16 representative peers from Scotland, 28 repret^^jitatii^e
peers from Ireland, 2 English arcnbishops, 24 bishops, 1 repreRentuUvA |
Irish archbishop, and 3 representative Irish bishops.
House of Commons, — Elected July, 1852. — The House of Cnmmon*
consists of the representatives of the counties, cities, boroughs, and <if ih»l
.three universities of tlie Established Church in the United Kingdom. Th«l
representatives of counties are chosen by the proprietors and occnpit^rit <if
land; those of the cities and boroughs by the mercantile and trading part of
the community ; and those of the universities by the doctors and ma^UjrB of
arts.
Since the union with Ireland (January 1, 1801) the number of mf^^rjibcif j
had been 658, this number being retained on the passing of the litffufjj
Acts. They are elected by the following constituencies : —
Coanties. Borou^iM. UoirersitiM. T'^ul
England, .... 144 323 4 47]
Wales, ... 15 14 '£l
Scotland .... 30 23 r#3
Ireland, ... 64 39 2 \U£k
253 399 6 ^^
But the EngiisJi msaiheni have been fcdocad to 654 aoce the year U44. ±
8Sf
oscAT imrrAiir.
[18».
EiroLttH CoLoiriAL Bi«i*M.
Bishops.
Dioceses.
1^43 A.O. Spencer. D.D.
IcMiiThoe. Parry. D. D.
1861 1 H. Binner, D. D.
ISnlDan'IWUson.D.D.
1850IF. Pulfbrd, D. D.
la'jO'GJ Mmmuln.D.D.
1851 IJ. ffanUoff, D. D.
lS49iT. Dsalur. D. D.
IS:)9 J. Sirachiin, D D.
1844 Edward Feild,D.D.
1846 John Mediej,D.D.
18a O.E. Tidal,
Jamaica,
Barbadoas.
I Nora Scotia,
'(^alculU,
Montreal,
Quebec.
Bombaj,
' Sydnej,
. Metrop.,
Madraa,
Toronto,
xVewfuundl..
Kredericion,
N B
Sienrn Leone,
AUow-
aiice.
£3,000
2,SO>|
2,4(10
6,000 I
1,900 j
2,600
1 1,500
2,800
1,(B3
1,200|
1,000
900
1S50
1841
1842
1S42
1845
1842
1842
1847
1817
1847
1847
1849
1849
Bishops.
Ernest Hawkins,
1850 James Harris,
G. A. Selwyn,D.D.
W.P.Au8tm,D.D.
G.Tofnlinson.D.D.
J. Chapman, D. D.
P. R. Nixon, D. D
D. G. Davis. D. D.
Wm.TyrrelI,D. D.
Chas. Perry, D. D.
A. Short, D. D.
R. Gray, D. D.
G. Smitli, D. D.
p. Anderson, D. D.
Dioceses.
Mauritius.
W.Auslralia.
NewZealand
Guiana,
Gibraltar.
Colombo.
Tasmania,
Antigua,
Newcastle.
Melbourne,
Adelaide,
Cape Town,
Hong Kong.
Rupert's
Allow-
ance.
2,000
2,000
1,200
2,000
2,000
1,000
800
800
600
Archbishops and Bishops of England.
Bom. OoM. IVana.
1780
1788
1786
1770
1790
1783
1784
1784
1799
1783
1778
1794
1780
1797
1783
1805
1790
1794
1798
18^
1837
1884
1831
1826
1820
1824
1827
1814
1847
1830
1830
1836
1839
1840
1840
1842
1843
1845
1845
1841
1848
1848
1848
1849
1849
1828
1836
1827
1827
1827
1854
Archbishops.
1848 John B. SumDer,D.D., Primate,
1847 Thomas Musgrave, D.D,
Bishops.
Chas. James Blomfield, D.D,
Edward MaUby, D.D.
Chas. Richard Sumner, D.D.
1827 John Jackson, D.D.
1830|Chri6topher Bethell, D.D.
Hugh Percy, D.D.
Georee Murray, D.D.
[ Robert John Eden, (Baron
I Auckland,)! D.D.
ames Henry Monk, D.D.
Henry Phillpotts, D.D.
Chas. Thomas Longley, D.D.
Walter Kerr Hamilton, D.D.
George Davys, D.D.
Connop Thirlwall, D.D.
1841 Henry Pepy8,D.D.
184J Ashurst Turner Gilbert, D.D.
John Lonsdale, D.D.
Thomas Turton, D D.
Samuel Wilberforce, D.D.
1846 Thomas Vowler Short, D,D,
John Graham, D.D.
Renn Dickson Hampden,D.D
James Prince Lee, u.D.
Samuel Hinds, D.D.
J^ot Peers.
Hon. Horace Powvs, D.D.
Alfred Ollivant, D'.D.
Dioceses.
Canterbury,
York,
London^
Durham,
Winchester,
Lincoln,
Bangor,
Carlisle,
Rochester,
Bath & Wells,
Glo*8ter& Bristol,
Exeter,
Ripon,
Salisbury,
Peterborough,
St. David's,
Worcester,
Chichester,
Lichfield,
Ely,
Oxford,
St. Asaph,
Chester,
Hereford,
Manchester,
Norwich,
Sodor and Man,
LlandaiT,
Net
Income.*
£15,000
10,000
11,700
8,000
10,600
4,000
4,000
3,000
5,000
5,000
3,700
2,700
4,500
5,000
4,500
4,500
5,000
4,200
4,500
5,500
5,000
4,200
4,500
4,200
4,600
4,465
2,000
4,200
The Bishops of London, Durham, and Winchester rank next to the Archbishops: the rest
according to priority of conaecration.
• By net income is meant that of the bishopric, borne bishops hold other places of Dcofit
In the Church. "^
t The Bishop of Bath and WeUs sits In the House of Lnrds as Biioo Auckland.
1855.] AMERICAN OBITUABY FOB 1859.
AllGRBISHOPt AND BiSHOPS OF IrKLASD.
823
E
c
1773
tsoi
1^
i rchbifihop^.
Dfoceaea^
1331 RiiiU. Wtuiielj, P.Ti. Dublin-
leaiffJ. H, Singer, D. D. Mealh.
IG. M. Ikre3far<1JJHP.|Kilmftfft
isoe
1781
1S49
i«'i^
lasa
is^
1S30
1942
1&13
Ebhopd.
Willmm HigglTi,T).D
Jmin?H Wilscm, D. D.
Henry GrifTlii, D. D.
Th-»«t. Pliinkel, li, r.
LytllDw-Tunnan, D. D.
J, T, 0*Bri«o. D. D.
tEobgri Daly, P. D.
DtDceses.
Ddwti nnd Con.
Cftrkf dtc.
Limariclc^ &i.
Tuarii, K. ^A,
KillaloQ, JcG*
iOaiMiry dt L.
The Bishop of Meath takes precedence of all other Irish bishops, and is a Privy Counci*
lor in right of his see. The rest take precedence according to priority of consecration.
MINIS-p-Y OF FRANCE.
State. M. Achille Fould.
fHnanee. M. Bineau.
Pudiic Instruclioru JVI. Forioul.
Interior. M. Billault.
Foreign AffcUra. M. Drouyn de Lhuya.
War. Mar^chal Vaillant.
Justice. M. Abbatucei.
Public Works. M. Magna.
Marine. M. Ducos.
AMERICAN OBITUARY.
1853.
Dec. 23. — In East Boston, Mass., James Bowdoin Allen, Esq., aged 29. Mr.
Allen was a highly esteemed member of the Suffolk bar. He graduated at Dart-
- mouth College in 1845. At the time of his death he was postmaster at East
Boston.
Nov. 16. — In Manchester, N. II., Hon. Charles G. Atherton, aged 53. He was
the son of Hon. Charles H. Atherton, of Amherst, N. H., and was born in Hills-
boro' County, July 4, 1804. He graduated at Cambridge in 1822. He was a
lawyer by profession, but engaged in politics while yet a young man. He was
for many years a member of the State Legislature, and for three years the Speaker
of the House. He was elected to Congress in 1837, and continued in the House
of Representatives, by successive re-elections, until 1843, when he was chosen
Senator, and served out his terip. He was not then re-elected ; but in November,
1852, was chosen to fill the seat lefl vacant by the expiration of the Hon. John
P. Hale's term of service in March. 1853.
Oct 19. — In Portsmouth, N. H., Hon. Ichabod Bartlett, aged 67. He was
bom in Salisbury, N. H., and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1808. He studied
law, and commenced the practice of his profession in Durham, but soon removed
to Portsmouth. His learning and ability as a lawyer, and his eloquence as an
advocate, gave him, at an early age, great success ; and he was found in causes
as an opponent to Mr. Webster and Mr. Mason. He served, with distinction,
three terms — from 1823 to 1829 — as a member of the House of Representa-
tives at Washington, and had frequently been a member of the State Legislature.
He was a member of tlie late State Convention, to revise the Constitution of
New Hampshire.
Oct. 11. — In Boston, Barnabas Bates, aged 66. He was a native of England,
but was brought to this country by his parents when a child. He was for some
* 1. e. th9 date of the incumbent's entry on the present diocese, whether by consecration
or translation,
t The bishops thus marked sit in Parliament as representative bishops.
894 AMSRroAK OBITVARY FOB ld68. [1865.
time « Baptist prMelMr ia RlMd« hiami, bat baoMM •Aenrarfa « UniUrimn. He
WM for a abort tioie the collector of the port of Bristol, R. I., to which office
he was appointed bj President John Q. Adams. In 1825 he went to New York,
and there eatabliahed a weekljr paper, called the *' Cbriatian Inquirer/' which
waa discontinoed in a few years. Under General Jackson he was appointed to a
position in the New Yofk Post-office, and from that time his attention was called
to the subject of chesp postage, in which caase he labored zealoosij and suc-
cessfully until his death.
SepC 16. — In Wayne Co., N. Y., Hon. Victory Birdseye, aged 71. He fre-
quently aerred his State in the Assembly, and was a member of Congreas from
1816 to 1817, and from 1841 to 1845.
Oct IS. — In Rhode Island, Hon. Triatam Bttrgess. aged 83. He studied law
with Judge Barnea in 1799, and in 1815 waa elect^ Chief Juatice of the Supreme
Court of Rhode laland. From 1825 to 1835 he waa a member of the House of
Representatives of the United States. From the time of his entrance to Congreea,
his great excellence as a debater, the characteristics of which were fervid elo-
quence and withering aarcaam, combined with clear reasoning power, aoon placed
him in the front rank of the public men o^the day. His contests with John
Randolph of Roanoke live in biatonr. At xhe bar, Mr. Bomas was an able
advocate and a auccessAil lawyer. He waa alao a diligent atudent of the Bible,
and learned in all theological controversy, in which he eapeciallv deli|;hted.
Nov. — In Wtaconain, THmothy Bum*, aged 83. He was bom in Dublin,
Ireland, in 1820, went to Wisconsin in 1837, and settled in Iowa County. He
held aeveral offices of public trust, and in 1851 was elected Lieutenant-Governor,
which office he held at the time of his death.
Sept. — In Raleiffh, N. C, Perrin Busbee, Esq.^ aged 37; an eminent lawyer,
and at the time of his death Reporter of the Deciaions of the Supreme Court,
and President of the Council of State.
Dec. 24.— In Waahington, D. C, Hon, Brookins CmMbtll, aged 46. Mr.
Campbell was born in Washington County, Tenn., in 1808 ; was many years a
meniber of the State Legislature, and in 1845 waa unanimoualy elected Speaker.
He was an officer in the Quartermaster's Department in the war with Mexico,
and at the time of his decease waa a member of Congreaa from the First Con-
gressional District of Tennessee.
Oct. 8. — In Tampa Bay, Florida, Brevet Brig.-Gen, ThonuxM Cfnldi, one of
the bravest and most distinguished officers in the United States army.
Sept 1. — In New Fork, Louis Chittif an Italian exile. He was formerly
Secretary of Finance to Murat; aflerwarda Professor of Political Economy at
Bruasels, and then a Commissioner to the United States from the Belgian gov-
ernment During the troubles of 1821, at Naples, he was expelled from Italy
on account of his patriotism, and has resided m this country since, making many
frienda by his kind add upright deportment
Nov. 19. — In CraOsbury, Vermont, Hon. Samuel C. Crafts, aged 84. His
father effected the settlement of Craf^bury, and upon the organization of the
town, in 1792, Mr. Samuel C. Crafts was chosen Town Clerk, and held the office
for thirty<aeven successive years. He was the youngest delegate to the Conven-
tion for revisinff the State Constitution in 1793. In 1796, 1800, I80I, 1803, and
1805, be was elected a member of the House of Representatives of the State.
From 1796 to 1815 he waa Register of Probate for Orleans District. In 1798
and 1799 he was Clerk of the House of Representatives. From 1809 to 181S,
and from 1825 to 1827, he was a member of the Executive Council. In 1800 he
was appointed a Judse of Orleans County Court, and remained such till 1816 ;
for the laat six years being Chief Judge. From 1825 to 1828 he waa again Chief
Judge, and from 1836 to 1838 Clerk ofthe Court In 1816 he was elected Repre-
sentative to Congress, and aerved for that and the three succeeding terms ; i. e.
from 1817 to 1825 inclusive. In 1828 he was elected Governor of Vermont, and
was re-elected in 1829 and 1830. In 1829 he was President ofthe Constitutional
Convention. In 1842 he was appointed by Governor Paine, and afler^i'^ards
elected by the Legislature, a Senator in Congress, for the unexpired term of one
year. He thus filled every office in the gift of Vermont
Dec. 21.— In Albemarle County, Va., Professor Edward H. Courtenay,
LL.D., who for a long term of years, and up to the time of his death, very ably
filled the chair of Mathematics in the University of Virginis.
Oct. 13. — In Boston, Thomas Kemper Danis, Esq. He was a aon of Isaac P.
1855.] AHBBICAN OBITUABY FOR 1853. 325
Dayit, mid graduated at Cambridge in 1827. He studied law, and at one time
stood high in his profession. But having an ample fortune, he devoted himself
to, and became learned in^ English and classical literature.
Nov. 16. — In New York, William Henry De Wo(f. aged 61. He was the son
of James DeWolf, of Rhode Island, and was born in Bristol, R. I., May 16, 1802.
He was in early life a midshipman, and served on board the Java under Commo-
dore Oliver H. Perry. At the time of his death he was United States Consul at
Dundee, to which office he was appointed by President Pierce.
Oct. 5. — In Morris County, New Jersey, Hon. Mahton Dickerson, aged 83.
Mr. Dickerson was a native of New Jersey, but in early life resided in Pennsyl-
vania, where he was Recorder of the City of Philadelphia, and subsequently
Quartermaster-General of the State. He was Judge of the Supreme Court of
New Jersey, and was elected Governor of that State in 1816, and held the office
QDtil 1817, when he was chosen United States Senator, and continued in that
office for sixteen years. In 1834 he became Secretary of the Navy, in the Cabi-
net of President Jackson, and held that department until 1838, some two years
after the accession of President Van Buren. For two years he was President of
the American Institute.
Oct. 21. — In Opelousas, La., Dr. William J. Digges, aged 34; a physician of
considerable note and public estimation.
Not. 10. — In Jacksonville, Fla., Major Alexander Dunlap, aged 67. He was
born in Kentucky, volunteered as a private in the war of 1812, and was taken
prisoner at Dudley's defeat. He was in the battle of the Thames, and for his
gallantry was made a captain in the army. He fought through the Creek war,
and was a witness of the execution of A rbuthnot and Ambrister. He was ap-
Dointed a major in the Mexican war by President Polk, assisted in tlie taking of
Vera Cruz, and was with General Scott in several of the engagements in the val-
ley of Mexico.
Nov. 16. —In Concord, Mass., Ruth Emerson^ mother of Ralph Waldo Emer-
son, aged 83.
Dec. — In Pemambuco, Hon, J. Wright Gordon^ formerly Lieutenant-Gover-
nor of Michigan. Mr. Wright was killed by an accidental fall from a balcony.
Oct. 6. — In Cambridge, Mass., Hon. Simon Greenlei^, LL.D., aged 70. He
was born in Newburyport, Mass., December 6, 1783. His father was a captain
in the revolutionary army, and on his mother's side he was connected with the
family of the late Chief Justice Parsons. While he was yet quite young, his father
removed to Maine, and when he was eighteen years old he entered as a law-
stodent the office of Ezekiel Whitman, Esq., of New Gloucester, — since Chief
Justice of Maine,— -where he remained three years. In 1806 he ni^irricJ Jind
began the practice of the law in Standish, Maine, whence, after a resideucL^ of
six months, he removed to Gray, where he remained twelve years. Jn 1^13 he
removed to Portland. In 1820, upon Maine's becoming a State, and the es-
tablishment of the Supreme Court, he was appointed Reporter of its JcciKtrMiS,
He held that office until 1832, when he was superseded by a political oppcukenl.
His Reports, and especially the later volumes, are considered by the yrnrfi^siicin
models of judicial reports. He was at this time one of the foremost cf Lht! M;iiae
bar, and had an extensive practice. He remained in Portland one j^^^^r ^^l1cr*
wards, and in 1833, upon the death of Professor Ashmun, he was rjppijiTjled
Royall Professor of Law in the Dane Law School, which office he held until
I84i6, when he was transferred to the Dane Professorship, then vacant by the
death of Judge Story. He held this Professorship but two years, when, in Ii: i0^
his failing strength becoming wholly unecjual to its accumulated and pu<irl y re-
quited labors, he resigned the place. His release from care and toxS wn^ fol-
lowed by an immediate amendment of his health ; and he was enabled lo dgvutd
himself to the preparation of his law books.
The Law School at Cambridge is indebted for ils success to no one. nC its
many able professors more than to Mr Greenlcaf. Before Judge Storj riiut ftff.
Greenleaf united their labors, it had been made a respectable scho^r by tim
efforts of Steams and Ashmun. The extended and well-deserved reputitmn of
Judge Story, as a jurist and a profound lawyer, attracted large nurabcra .f young
men to the school, and by his glow and fervor he awakened in them aspirnnorm f(t$.
the higher attainments of the profession ; but it was the gentle and aETt-chrinn'-
yet decided and controlling, manner of Mr. Greenleaf, who had always tJie
recUon of the internal affairs of the school, and for many months in e;ich j^^^
28
SM AKERICAN OBITVABT FOB 18A8. [1S55.
dttriag the tbeeiica of Judge Story at Wuhlagton and ob hie eirevib, it* entire
control and management and iuBtraction, which, connected with the respect
which his extenaive learning, his extraordinary aptneaa to teach, and his power
of attracting and holding the attention of the students, kept the joung men
together, satisfied, snd harmonioos. By all those who had the good fortune to be
his pupils, his death is felt as a personal loss.
Before coming to Cambridge, Mr. Greenleaf was an author of law books.
Besides his Reports, nine volumes in number, be published in 1821 a Tolume of
overruled cases ; in 1842 the first volume of bis work on Evidence ; in 1846 the
second volume ; and in 1853 the third and concluding volume. The first volume
has reached the seventh edition ; the second, the fourth ; and the third, the
second edition. In 1846 he published an annotated edition of Cruise's Digest
of real law. Of his position ss a law writer, a distinguished judge has said :
" Among those eminent lawyers who have never held judiciil station, the name
and opinion of Mr. Greenleaf stand highest as authority in all matters of law.
He gained this hiffh position by incessant and devoted labor in his profession. '^
He slso publiabedin 1846 a volume entitled " An Examination of the Testimony
of the Four Evangelists by the Rules of Evidence administered in the Courts
of Justice, with an Account of the Trial of Jesus.'' The preparation of this wan
begun as early as 1817, and it has been republished in England.
Besides these works, he published others of less size and importance and of
more temporary value, ana he also contributed not unfrequently to periodical
literature.
He was never a politician. He was once elected to the Maine Leeislatore,
but there devoted nimself chiefly to kmendmenti of the statute law of the State.
He was an upright man and a devout Christian. His death was sodden. He
retired to rest in perfect health : was soon seen to be ailinff; medical aid was
called, but before it arrived he had gone to his long sleep. He left the wife of
his }routh a widow ; and of a large family of children, two sons and two daughters
survive him.
Nov. 25. — Copt, J. Wi Otrnmsmif Corps of Topo^phical Ensineers, U. S. A.,
massacred by a party of Utah Indians, on the Levier River. Captain Gunnison
graduated with distiaguished honor at West Point, in 1897, and was assigned as
a Second Lieutenant to the Second Re^ment of Artillery. Upon the organisa-
tion of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, in 1858, he was transferred to that
corps, and continued a member of it until his death. He bore an honorable part
in the Seminole war, was engaged for some time in improving the inland naviga-
tion along the coast of Florida, and for about ten years was employed in the
survey of the northwestern lakes, and the improvement of the harbors. In the
years 1849 and 1850 he was associated with Captain Stan8bury,of the Corps of
Topographical Engineers, in the survey of the Great Salt Lake region, and made
an able report thereon. When in charge of one of the surveys authorized by
Congress, for the determination of thehest railroad route across to the Pacific,
he met with his untimely fate.
Oct. 14. — In Pennsylvania, Hon. William Hfister, aged 62. He was for
many years an active politician, and a leader of the Anti-Masonic party. He
wss a member of the lower house of Congress from 1831 to 1837, and of the
Convention for revising the State Constitution.
Oct. 17. — In Portland. Me., I$aac Ittley, aged 88. Mr. llsley was appointed
Collector of Portland by President Jefferson, and held the office till some time
afler the close of John Quincy Adams's Administration.
Oct. 3. — In Highwood, N. J., Hon. Jamet O. King, aged 62. He was a son
of the Hon. Rufus King, and waa an eminent merchant and banker of New York.
He graduated at Harvard College in 1810, and was a member of Congress from
New Jersey from 1849 to 1851.
Nov. 14. — In New York, Felix Lacoste, Consul -General of France for the
United States.
Dec. 30. — In Mount Tabor, Ohio, Seneca Lapham^ aged 70.
Oct. 27. — In New Bedford, Mass., Henry lAndseyy Esq,, aged near 36. Mr.
Lindsey was editor of the Whalemen's Shipping List.
Oct. 3. — Near Rhinebeck, N. Y., Jud^e James Lynch, aged 67. Judge Lynch
was son of the elder Dominick Lynch. He commenced the practice of law in
Rome, but aflerwsrds settled in Utica, snd represented Oneida County in the
Legislature in 1823. In 1826 he removed to New York, where he waa i '
1855.] AMBRICAK OBITUABT FOB 1858. 327
quently apooiated to the bench of the Marine Court, of which he was a Jud^ at
the time of hie death. He was one of the founders of the American Institute,
and always took an active interest in its prosperity.
Nov. 8. — In New York, Chevalier Rocco AldrtuscelH, Envoy Extraordinary
from the Court of Naples, aged 52. He had served in this country as the Charg^
of his sovereign for fourteen years, and was highly esteemed by all who knew him.
Sept. 5. — In San Francisco, Cal., Brevet LietU.-Cot. J. L. Mason, Captain of
Engineers. Col. Mason was a son of Major Milo Mason ; was born in Proyi-
dence, R. I., and educated at West Point. For a long time he had charge of the
construction of the fortifications at Fort Adams, and was considered one of the
most skilful and scientific officers of the engineer corps. He joined the army
under General Scott in Mexico, and was brevetted Maior and afterwards Lieu-
tenant-Colonel for gallant and meritorious services. He was appointed by Pres-
ident Pierce to the important charge of superintending the construction of the
fortifications at San Francisco, but died from fever contracted while crossing the
Isthmus.
Oct. 14. — In Scituate, R. 1., Hon. Eiisha Matthewson, aged 88. He was an
old school Jefiersonian, and at one time an active politician. He was at difler-
ent periods a member of the General Assembly of Rhode Island, once Speaker
of the House, and from 1807 to 1811 a Senator in Congress from that State.
Sept. 14. — In Goidsborough, N. C, on his return to his home in Bladeo
County, Hon. James J. Mcl^y, aged 65. He was for 20 years — from 1831 to
1849 inclusive — a Representative in Congress from the Wilmington District in
North Carolina, and for several of his later terms of service was Chairman of the
Committee of Ways and Means.
Dec. 1. — In Fredericksburg, Va., Colonel Hugh Mercer, aged 77, the only sur-
vivor of the immediate descendant of the illustrious Mercer of the Revolution.
Dec. 7. — In New York, Thomas G. Mower, Mr. Mower was the senior sur-
geon on the army lists, and served throughout the war of 1812.
Nov. 10. — Near Columbus, Ga., Major Thomas M, Nelson, aged 71. Major
Nelson was a grandson of Secretary Nelson, of Virginia, and a son of Major John
Nelson, a gallant soldier of the Revolution. Mr. Nelson entered the army of
the United States as a Captain of Infantry in the war of 1812, and served with
high distinction during its continuance. On the reduction of the army at the
peace establishment, ne was retained in the service with the rank of Major. In
1815 be resigned his commission, and soon afterwards was elected to Congress
from the Mecklenburg District in Virginia, and served for two terms, from 1816
to 1819, when, declining a re-election, he retired to private life.
Sept. 22. — In New York, Hon. Thomas W. Newton, in 1846 - 47 a member of
Congress from Arkansas.
Dec. 21. — In Somerville, Mass., Rev. Thomas F. Norris, for many years Edi-
tor of the Oliver Branch. |
Sept 18. — In Newport, R. I., Rev. Andrews Norton, D. D., aged 6S, He wi^A
born in Hingham, Mass., in 1786 ; studied theology ; graduated at CAmbrulgc in J
1804 ; was tutor in Bowdoin in 1809 - 10 ; was tutor in Cambridge in tniO - 1 1 1]
teacher of theology from 1813 to 1819; Dexter Professor of Sacred Litf-rjiUird
from 1819 to 1830. and Librarian from 1313 to 1821. Dr. Norton waa :i fifnicnuid
and accurate scholar, an eminent theologian, and for talent, acquiremeiUi^. Eind in-
fluence, one of the most remarkable men in New England. He was tlur nuthor
of several theological works, the principal one being <' Evidences of cN^ Henu-
ineness of the Gospels " ; and in his publications he supported with ski J £ n tid power
the theological views of the Unitarians. He has also written verses t»r u dtiyo*
tional cast, and of great beauty and sweetness.
Oct 18. — In E&nton, N. C, Dr. Matthew PagefZ physician of ctinnciieGp
and a gentleman of considerable literary distinction.
Oct. 6. — In New York, Judge Elijah Paine. He was a son of Jud;^o rJijalil|i
Paine, of the United States District Court for the District of Vermmit. nrsd wotf^
bom in Williamstown in that State. He graduated at Cambridi^e in l^ill., nnil ,
studied law. Early in his practice he established himself in New Vnrk rMf^ '
and soon attained eminence as a lawyer. He was appointed Reporter 1 v Jtul^e
Thompson of the United States Circuit Court, and published a volume oP Kp f torit
He also, with Mr. Duer, prepared a work on Practice. In 1849 he wji^ flpci^
one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the city of New York, auU uct^upif^
this position until the time of his death. — ^
r
328 AXE^ICAK OBITUABY FOB 1858. [1855.
Dec. 90. — In New Bedford, Mass., Hon. John Avery Parker, a distingalshed
merchant and milUonnaire of that city.
Nov. 30.— In New York, Anaon G. Phelps, Esq., aged 74. Mr. Phelps was
President of the New York Colonization Society, and a very prominent, wealthy,
and benevolent merchant.
Sept. 21. — At Riras, General Pineda, the late President of Nicaragua.
Sept. 5. — In Jackson, Miss., Hon. George Poindexter. He was the second
Governor of Mississippi under the State Constitution, from 1819 to 1821. He
was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory from 1807 to 1813 ; a Representa-
tive from 1817 to 1819, and Senator from 1831 to 1835.
Dec. 22. — In LouisTiIIe, Ky., Tliomae H. Shreve, one of the editors of the
Louisville Journal.
Sept 13. — In Madisonville, La., Copt. H. L. Smithf of the Corps of En^-
neers, U. S. A., aged 44. He had been in command -of Forts Pike, Wood,
Jackson, and St. Philip.
Dec. 25. — Lieut, Richard H. Smith, of Tennessee, swept from the deck of the
San Francisco. Lieut. Smith was appointed to one of the additional infantry
regiments authorized in 1847 (the I4th) as Second Lieutenant, and was transferred
to the Artillery in June, 1848.
Oct. 5. — In New York, General Jame$ Talmadge, aged 76. He was bom in
Stamford, Duchess County, N. Y., January 20, 1788. He was early in his public
life Private Secretary of Governor Clinton. From 1817 to 1819 he was a mem-
ber of Congress in the lower branch, and opposed strenuously the adoption of
the Missouri Compromise. He was an active member of the Convention which
framed the Constitution of 1821, and in 1823 was elected to the Assembly from
Duchess County. In 1824 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor under Clinton,
and in 1846 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of New York. For
the last twenty years of his life he was President of the American Institute in
New York.
Dec. 25. — Major George Taylor, swept from the deck of the San Francisco.
Major Taylor was a native of Georgia, ^aduated at West Point in 1833, won his
first brevet, that of captain, in the Florida war, in 1840, and was commissioned
captain in 1847. He served as assistant professor of mathematics, at West Point
in 1842. In October, 1847, he won his brevet of major, by his gallant conduct at
the battle of Huamantia, in Mexico, aYid in July, 1848, distinguished himself in
action at Allixco. Mrs. Taylor was lost with him from the wreck of the San
Francisco.
Sept. 20. — In Camden, Maine, Hon. Jonathan Thayer, aged 74. Judge Thayer
was a native of Milford, Mass., and graduated at Brown University in 1803. He
filled various offices of public trust under the Slate government, the last of which
was that of Judge of Probate for Waldo County.
Dec. 25. — Brevet Lieut.- Col. John Macrae Washington, Major 3d Artillery,
U. S. A., swept from the deck of the San Francisco, aged about 60. Colonel
Washington was a native of Virginia, and graduated at West Point in 1813. He
was commissioned 3d Lieutenant in the Artillery in 1817, and rose rank by
rank to his Majority in the 3d Artillery in 1847. In a week from this promotion
he won his brevet as Lieutenant Colonel, by his gallant conduct on tne field of
Baena Vista. He was a thorough tactician in the artillery service, and, as early
as 1824, was made instructor in the artillery school at Fort Mnnroe.
After the battle of Buena Vista, and at the close of the Mexican war, in 1848,
Major Washington was appointed to command an expedition across the plains of
Mexico, via £1 Paso, to the Pacific Ocean, which he accomplished, amidst the
greatest physical difficulties and the rigors of the climate. His command was to
the Ninth Military Department, and from Oct 1848 to Oct. 1849 he acted as the
Military Governor of New Mexico.
Dec. 30. — In Hartford, Conn., Rev. Lewis W?/rf, aged 67. He was bom at
Hampton, Conn., October 17, 1796, and was graduated at Yale College in 1818.
In 1822 he was chosen Principal of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and
Dumb, at Philadelphia. In 1830, on the resignation of Rev. Mr. Gallaudet, he
was appointed Principal of the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at
Hartford, Conn., and he continued in this station until his death.
Nov. 4. — In Fort Brown, Texas, Brevet Lieut.-Col. Lucien B. Webster, Major
of 4th Regiment United States Artillery. He was a native of Vermont, gradu-
ated at West Point in 1823, served on the Eastern frontier at the time of the
1865.] AMBBICAN OBITUABT FOB 1854. 829
Aroostook troobles, in command of the fort at the mouth of Fiah River ; joined
General Taylor'a line in the war with JMezico af\er the battle of Palo Alto, and
was brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel for bis gallantry at Buena Vista.
Oct. 12.-~In Richmond, Va., Dr, Gtorgt IVatscnf an eminent physician,
aged)70.
1854.
Feb. 24. — In Washinston, D. C, General Robert Armstrong, aged 64, proprie-
tor of the Waihington Union.
June 17. — In New York, Hon. Seward Barculo, Judge of the Supreme Court
for the First Judicial District of the State of New York, aged about 60. Judge
Barculo succeeded Judge Rugbies as Circuit Judge, and was chosen Justice of
the Supreme Court at the first judicial election held under the new State Con-
stitution.
Aug. 4. — In New York, GeneralJose Barrvndiaf Minister to the United
State's from Honduras, aged 70. In Central America he was long and favorably
known as an eminent citizen, and is said to have done much to advance civiliza-
tion in that country. Elected to the Presidency of the Confederation, he trans-
lated and adopted for his own country some of the lawa of the United States,
particularly a part of those known as the Livingston Code. He devoted his
salary as Presioent of the Confederation to the establishment of public schools,
and was the prime mover of the liberal party, and the first to raise the standard
of rebellion against the Spanish government. He was known as the leader in
every movement having for its object the enlightenment and advantage of his
countrymen.
Jan. 14. — In Dudley, Mass., Rev. Joshua Bates^ D. X?., a distinguished mem-
ber of the New England clergy, aged 77. He graduated at Cambridge in 1800;
studied theology, and was settled in Dedham, Mass.. in 1803, became President
of Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1818, which office he held for twenty-one
years, and in 1843 was settled in Dudley, where he continued until his decease.
Jan. 23. — In Philadelphia, Dr. Bird^ one of the Editors and Proprietors of the
North American. Dr. Bird bad been connected for several years with the North
American, and was distinguished for his ripe scholarship and high attainments as
a writer.
July 16. — At Lebanon Springs, N. Y., Hon, NcUhaniel Bowditch Blunt. He
was an eminent lawyer and member of thQ New York bar, and was District At^
torne^ for the city of New York at the time of his death.
April 27. — In Baltimore, Md., Lieutenant Simon Frazer Blunt. U. S. N., aged
34. Lieut. Blunt was appointed a Midshipman by President Jackson in IS;1L, in
consequence of important services rendered by him in the suppiei^ii^ei of ibe i
negro insurrection of that year in the southern counties of Virginia. He alway* ]
discharged the active duties of his profession with ability. j
Jan. 23. — In Georgetown, D. C, Alexander de Bodisco,. Envoy E^EtraordLriErjJ
and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Emperor of Russia to the Unit/Ml Hi.iics*;!
M. Bodisco had filled the distinguished post of Russian Envoy in tlija couniry
for seventeen years, and, while ever faithful to his own sovereign, he diarbiirgea
his delicate trust to the acceptance of the American government anr) pen]:]|e.
June 11. — In Fredericksburg, Va., Gen. Thomas H Botls^ aged 5^t. ^ Sziw)n?r|.J
and one of the leading men of his profession.
July 1. — In Boston, Mass., Dr. Waldo J. Burnett, aged 25. Dr. Hi] nit U \
for cuie of his age a distinguished physician and naturalist, and the auiJiuf ofs
eral tracts on medical subjects.
April 18. — In Detroit, Mich., Captain Augustus Canfield. He was a native of
New Jersey ; a graduate of West Point in 1822 j and a valuable and G^teem^ct
officer of the Corps of Topographical Engineers. He was a son-in Inw of Uie
Hon. Lewis Cass.
March 24. — In Charlottesville, Va,, Dabney S. Carr, Esq., aged 51. Mr,
Carr was for many years naval ofiicer at Baltimore, and subsequently ^vns Mini*
tor Resident of the United States at Constantinople for six years. 1
Jan. 28. —Near Richmond, Va., Dr. Lewis W. Chamberlayne. Dr. C'hamber£l
layne was one of the original founders of the Richmond Medical C'^U'et^d, and'^
from its commencement was connected with it as Professor of Thernp^utiics
Materia Medica, sustaining a high reputation as a physician and profc^^or,
28*
880 AMEBICAN OBITUARY FOR 1854. [1855.
May 22. — In St. Louis, Mo., A, B, CItambers, Esq., aged 45, for many years
editor of the Missouri Republican.
Jan. 18. — In Savannah, Ga., Jvd^e Robert M, Charlton. Judge Charlton was
Senator In Congress from Georsia in 1852-53.
Aug. 21. — In Newcastle, Del., Hon. Tliomas Clayton, aged 76. Mr. Clayton
was a member of the lower house in Congress from 1815 to 1817, and twice a
Senator from 1823 to 1826, and again from 1837 to 1847. He was at different
periods a member of the Delaware Leeislature, Chief Justice of the Court of
Common Pleas, and Chief Justice of the Superior Court.
Feb. 16. — lu Grainger County, Tenn., General John Cocke, aged 82. Gen.
Cocke, the eldest son of Col, William Cocke, was bom in Nottoway County,
Virginia, in 1772. In early life he emigrated to Tennessee, and became a mem-
ber of the first Legislature of the State in 1796. He was Speaker of the House
for many years, and in later life was a member of the Senate. From 1819 to
1827 he was an active and influential member of Congress.
Feb. 5. — In Haddonfield, N. J., Commander James B. Cooper, U. 8. iV., aged
93. Mr. Cooper was a soldier in Lee's Legion in the war of the Revolution,
and was a sailing-master in the navy in the war of 1812, and served through the
war.
May 8. — In Michigan, Hon. Isaac E. Crary. He was a delegate to Congress
from the Territory of Michigan in 1835 and 1836, and was Representative from
that State from the time of its admission into the Union, in 1836, to 1841.
Feb. 20. — In Philadelphia, Fa., Elliot Cresson, Esq. Mr. Cresson was asso-
ciated with many of the benevolent projects of the day, and at the period of his
death was the President of the Pennsylvania Colonization Society. He be-
queathed, by will, the large sum of $ 127,000 to different charitable institutions.
April 19. — In Worcester, Mass., Hon. John Davis, aged 67. He was born in
Northborough, Mass., and graduated at Yale College in 1812. He entered the
Erofession of law, and established himself in its practice at Worcester, Mass.
[e was distinguished in early life as an active and zealous member of the Fed-
eral party. In 1812, the year of his graduation, being then about 20 years of age,
he delivered a somewhat celebrated Fourth of July address, in which he seTerely
criticized the war with England. Upon the breaking up of old party lines, dur-
ing the Presidency of Monroe, he became an active, prominent, and influential
member of the National Republican party. By this party he was elected a Rep-
resentative to Congress in 1825, and by successive re-elections held the office
until 1834. Here he soon distinguished himself by his famiPiarity with financial
and commercial questions, and took an active and able part in the tariff debate
of 1828. In 1833 he was the candidate of the National Republican party for
Governor of Massachusetts, and was elected by the Legislature ; Hon. J. Q.
Adams and Hon. Marcus Morton being the opposing candidates. In 1834 he was
elected Governor by a majority of about 17,000. In 1835 he succeeded the Hon.
Nathaniel Silsbee as United States Senator. In 1840 he was again elected Gov-
ernor by a large majority, and was re-elected the following year. In 1846 be
was elected by the Legislature to fill the vacancy made in the United States
Senate by the death of Hon. Isaac C. Bates, and remained in that body until
1853, when he declined a re-election. He was a man of great ability, and had
acauired a large information upon and practical acquaintance with the business
ana commerce of the country. Of singular uprightness, he had gained the pub-
lic confidence, and was known b^ the familiar title of " Honest John Davis."
Upon news of his death, the Legislature, which was in session, adopted resolu-
tions in honor of his memory and of his great public services, and a committee
attended the funeral services at his burial.
June 17. — In Charlestown, Mass., Christopher C. Deane, for twenty years the
Treasurer and Agent of the Massachusetts Sabbath School Society.
Aug. 11. — In Charlestown, Mass., Commodore John Dotones, aged 69. Com-
modore Downes was a native of Canton, Massachusetts ; entered the navy in
1802, and was in active service during the war of 1812. He was a Lieutenant
with Commodore Porter, on board the Essex, in his sanguinary conflict at Val-
paraiso in 1814 with two British vessels, the frigate Phoebe and the sloop-of-war
Cherub, and displayed great gallantry during the action. He commanded the
Macedonian and other ships in the Pacific in 1817-18, when Lord Cochran
commanded the Chilian fleet. He was in service in 1831, and commanded the
frigate Potomac, and bombarded the piratical town of Quallah Battoo, on the
1865.] AMERICAN OBITUARY FOR 1854. 331
coast ofSaroatra, in reprisal for injuries done to American sailors by the Malay
pirates. He was last at sea in 1834, and his whole sea service covered a period
of twenty-four years and three months. At the time of his death he was the
third upon the list of Post Captains, Commodores Stewart and Morris being
his Seniors. In all the relations of life he was upright and honorable.
Aug. 14. — In Orchard Springs, Ry., Hon. Solomon U. Doums, Collector of the
Port of New Orleans, and from 1847 to 1853 Senator in Consress for Louisiana.
March 19. — In Washington, D. C, William P, DuvcUf formerly Governor of
Texas, aged 70. Governor Duval was born in Virginia, but went early in life
to Kentucky, where he studied and practised law. In 1812 he was elected a
member of Congress from the Bardstown District, and served as such during the
sessions of 1813- 14. In 1822 he was appointed Governor of Florida by Presi-
dent Munroe, and was re-appointed by Mr. Adams and General Jackson. In
1848 be removed to and settled in the State of Texas.
July 29. — In Washington, D. C, William Easby, Esq., late Commissioner of
the Public Buil'dings.
July 26. — In Aurora, N. Y., Miss Mary Abby Fillmore, daughter of Ex-Presi-
dent Fillmore, aged 22.
July 12. — In Boston, Rev. Louis DwigfU, aged 61. He was born at Stock-
bridge, Mass., March 25, 1793, and was graduated at Yale College in 1813. He
studied theology, received a license to preach, and was for some time acent of
benevolent societies. In June, 1825, the Prison Discipline Society was founded
at Boston, Mass., and he was appointed Corresponding Secretary. To the pro-
motion of the interests of this important institution of public economy and Chris-
tian philanthropy he devoted the rest of his life.
Feb. 8. — In Washington, D. C, Thomas Fitzpatrick, about seventy years of
age. Mr. Fitzpatrick was the veteran and venerable agent for the Upper Ar-
kansas and Platte Indians ; was a valued servant of the Indian Department, and
bad apowerful influence with the Indian tribes of the great plains.
March 15. — In Havana, Cuba, Philip Oreely, of Boston, aged 48. Mr. Greely
was a native of Portland, Me., and, in addition to a liberal education, possessed
fine natural endowments. He was for many years engaged in business in Bos-
ton, and during the administrations of General Taylor and Mr. Fillmore was
Collector of the Port of Boston and Charlestown. By his suggestions to the
Government a notorious system of false entries at several of the large ports was
broken up.
Jan. 5. — In Quincy, Mass., Hon. Thomas Greenleqf, aged 80. He graduated
at Harvard College in 1784, and for more than six years had been the sole sur-
▼ivor of his class.
July 30. — Governor Gregory, the Governor of the Bahamas.
Aug. 14. — In Harford County, Md., William Gwynn, Esq., of Baltimrinc, sgo
80. Mr. Gwynn, formerly editor of the Baltimore Gazette, was the oldeiK Is^
yer in Manrland, and was held in high estimation by the public.
Aug. — In New York, General Nicholas Haight, an active officer of tho waf i
1812. i
July 15. — In Warren, R. I., Judge Levi Haile, of the Supreme Court of Rhoj
Island.
March 26. — In Lexington, Mass., Jonathan Harrington, aged 85. Mr. Hh^
rington was a fifer for the minute-men who assembled at Lexington Grrcn o
the memorable morning of the 19th April, 1775, and was the last survivr»r of th _
gallant band who were engaged in that first conflict of tlie American llf .rtluUEm.
Aug. 11. — At the Virginia Military Institute, Thomas Henderson, n Surrrpon
in the United States Army, aged 65. Dr. Henderson was widely km.^vri tn a
practitioner of medicine in Washington and Georgetown prior to his entrancf^
into the army in 1833.
June 30. — In Baltimore, Md., Edward Hinckley, Esq., an eminent miff mbr>r of
the Baltimore bar.
March 24. — In Washington, D. C, Hon. Selah R. Hobbie, First A^<i*taftt
Postmaster-General, aged 57. Mr. Hobbie was born in Newbur^^h, ;N. V», rn
1797, and at an early day established himself at Delhi, Delaware Coufiiv, \n ih«
practice of the law, where he was soon appointed District Attorney. 1 \v n n,j
elected to Congress in 1826, and served from 1827 to 1829, when, on ^Im' run n-
sion of General Jackson to the Presidency, he was appointed Assistniit I i> . nufttt.
ter-General, which office he held until 1850, when he voluntarily rtLiJ, ■
8S2 AMBBICAN OBITUA&Y FOB 1964. [1855.
eoaat ofUl-health, bat retmned the duties of the office nader PreeideBt Pierce.
To bit labors in tbe Poet-Office Department the public are much iadebted for the
iecreaaed rrequeocy, speed, and regularity of the mails.
June 17. — Near Lyochbiirg, Va.» JotuJi Bolbrook, aged about 65. He wae
born at Derby, Cono., aod was graduated at Yale College in 1810. He devoted
himself to the cause of popular education', and was wery successful in diffusing
among the young a Ioto for the study of mineralogy and geology. He lost hie
life by accidentally falling into Black Rock Creek while on a geological excur-
aion.
Aug. — In Charleston, S. C, Bon. Daniel EllioU Buger, a distinguished citizen-
of South Carolina. For nearly half a century Mr. Huger was identified with the
public serrice of his State, as a member of toe State Legislature, as a State Sen-
ator, as a judge of her courts, and as a member of the United Statea Senate from
1843 to 1846.
May.<— In Meadrille, Pa., Harm Jalm Huidekoper^ Etq,^ aged 78. Mr« Huide-
koper was a native of Holland, and at an early age entered the' serrice of the
Holland Company, which possessed large landed estates in this country, and took
charge of the office at Meadville until ne purchased the Company's interests in
that part of the State. He was a genlleman of wealth aod education, and the
founder of the flourishing theological Institute and Unitarian church at Mead-
ville.
July 5. — In Troy, N. Y., Judge Huntington. He waa a natiTo of Middle-
town, Conn., and in early life removed to Waterford, Saratoga Co., N. Y., where
he pracliaed law. Subsequently he established himself in Troy, and was ap-
pointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas by Governor Clinton. He was a
well-read lawyer, and a man of decided ability.
June 1. — In Hamilton, N. Y., J^rt. Emily Judson (Emily Chubbuck), widow of
Adoniram Judson, the late distinguished Baptist minister and Missionary to Bor-
mah, whom she married in 1846. Mrs. Judson, better known, perhaps, aa Fanny
Forrester, was s most accomplished lady, and a writer of consioerable celebrity.
Feb. 24. ^ In Tuscaloosa, Ala., General Thomas D. King, elder brother of the
late Hon. Wro. R. King, Vice-President of the United States, aged 74. General
King was born on the &d of September, 1779, in Duplin County, North Carolina.
He was educated at the University of his native State, and while yet young was
frequently elected a member both of the Senate and the lower house of North
Carolina. In the war of 1812 he received the commission of Major in the 4M
Regiment, which he held till the termination of hostilities, but resigned after the
ratification of the Treaty of Ghent and the proclamation of peace. He had lived
for many years in retirement, gratifying hia literary tastes by the cultivation of
letters.
April 18. — In Providence, R. I., Hon. Nehemiah R. Knight. Mr. Knight
was Governor of Rhode Island from 1817 to 1821, and United States Senator
from 1821 to 1841.
Aug 13. — In Davie County, N. C, John A. Lillingt^m, Senator elect to the
Legislature from the counties of Rowan and Davie, N. C.
Aug. 15. — At the Naval Hospital, near Norfolk, Va., Dr. Vincent Bernard
Sylvester Louis^ Surgeon of the French Government Steamer Chimere.
March 12. — In Baltimore, /"tW^itn; jLuccw, one of the eldest and most es-
teemed citizens of that city, aged 72.
April 10. — In Smithfield, R. I., Dr. Metcalf Marsh, aged 53. Dr. Marsh was
a native of Charlton, Mass., but soon after receiving his medical degree aettled
in Rhode Island. He was an early and prominent actor in the moyement to
ameliorate the suffrage laws of that State, which terminated in the Dorr war.
At the time of the war he was obliged to absent himself from the State.
June 20. — In Tallahatchie County, Miss., Colonel George W. Martin, aged 65.
Col. Martin was in the late war, and accompanied General Jackson throughout
his campaigns in 1813, 1814, and 1815, and in the Creek war. In the last cam-
ptaign of Gen. Jackson, Col. Martin served as an aid of Gen. Coffee.
May 4. — Near Port Tobacco, Md., General John Matthews, aged 70. Gen.
Matthews served with distinction during the war of 1812-15, and for a period
of fifteen years represented his State in both branches of the Legislature.
April 30. — In Washinjjton, D. C, Rev. William Matiheios, for fifty years pas-
tor of St. Patrick's Church in that city.
Jan. 4. — In Philadelphia, Dr. Samuel McClelland, an eminent physician,
aged 63.
1855.] AMSRICAK OBITITART FOR 1854. 838
Jan. 19. — In Carlisle, Pa., Colonel George MeFeelVj aged 73. Colonel FeeW
was appointed by President Madison Lieut.-Col. of the 16th Regiment, U. S.
Infantry, on the 14th of March, 1812. He commanded at Fort Niagara, which
place he defended against a severe attack of the enemy on the 21st of November,
1813. He signalized himself at the attack on Fort George (U. C.) on the 27th
of May, 1813, and also at the affair of La Cole Mills (L. C). On the 18th of
May, 1814, he was appointed Colonel of the 25th Regiment, and again distin-
goished himself at the sieee of Fort £rie, and continued in the army until July,
181d, when it was reduced to the peace establishment.
April 15. — At Metrecbin, N. J., James Moore, in the 100th year of his age.
His death was occasioned by a fall on the ice in January preceding, before
which time he was accustomed to walk twelve miles a day.
Jan. 9. — In Washington, D. C, Hon. Henry A, Muhlerdntrg, a Representative
from the Eishth Congressional District of Pennsylvania.
July 4. — In Alexandria, La., James Murray^ Esq,, Mayor of the town. Mr.
Murray was killed while attempting to suppress a disturbance at a barbecue.
Jan. 22. — In Brooklyn, N. Y., Patrick (yDonohoe, one of the Irish exiles, who
recently escaped to America from Van Dieman's Land.
Jan. 16.— In Norwich, Vt., Captain Atden Partridge. Captain Partridge wee
engaged for nearly fif\y vears as an instructor in all the branches of military
knowledge, involving the highest mathematical skill. He instructed more than
1,200 pupils, many of them since distinguished in the field as scientific officers.
In former vears he was the Principal of the West Point Academy, and afterwards
established military schools at Middletown, Conn., and Norwich, Vt. Of late
yearft he had been at Brandywine Springs ; but that school havinc been recently
destroyed by fire, he was making arrangements to open his school at Bristol
College, Buck's County, when, overcome by fatigue and exposure, he died after
a few days' illness.
May 26. — In Barnwell, S. C, Hon. Angus Patterson, for a long time Presi-
dent of the State Senate of South Carolina.
May 15. — In China, Mr. George Perkins, a native of Boston, Mass., and a
retired partner of the house of Russel & Co., of Canton and Shanghai. Mr. Per-
kins was murdered by the Chinese crew of a boat which he had engaged to take
him ashore at Macao, from the Hamburg barque Concordia, in which he had
just arrived from San Francisco.
•Ian. 10. — In Brookline, near Boston, Col, Thomas H. Perkins, aged 89.
Thomas Handyside Perkins was bom in Boston, December 15, 1764. He com-
menced his commercial life in partnership with his elder brother, James, em-
barking extensively in the Northwest Coast, Canton, and Calcutta tntdc, and con-
stituting the first American firm engaged in the China trade. During thi; wnr of
1812, he was distinguished, in connection with Otis and Sullivan, »s a strQiiuotii
opponent of Mr. Madison's administration. In his mercantile and cr>3:iioier€t3f
career he acquired a property of more than two millions of dollars. Mr. Perkins
was a man of public spirit and great liberality in pecuniary matters, and sf^verai
of the most splendid charitable institutions are monuments of his muFiiBcence.
July 9. — In Charieston, S. C, Richard Shubrick Pinckney, V. S. N., agefl ^^
He was a native of South Carolina, and entered the navy in 1814, and wae tn:td^
commander in 1841. He was engaged in the operations against Iho Al^crine
pirates of the Mediterranean, when he received several severe wound i^. lie com-
manded the Decatur during the Mexican war.
April 4. — In Tennessee, Hon. Edwin Polk, late President of the Senate of
that State.
July 3. — Thomas Ritchie, aged 76, a native of Essex County, Va*, editor of thf
Richmond Encjuirer and of the Washington Union. He wielded great political
influence in his native State.
July. — In Philadelphia, Pa., Jonathan Roberts, aged 83. Mr. Fnberta wm
bom in 1771, and early in the present century was elected to the Sute LeijrEBl*p
tore, in both branches of which he served with distinction. He was a tneinbef
of the lower house in Congress from 1811 to 1814, and was an eu-ricst advoc;itfi
and supporter of the war of 1812. In 1814 he was elected to the U. S. Seuaf
where he remained until 1821. In 1841 he was appointed Collector of the F
of Philadelphia by President Harrison, from whicn he was removed by Proaidi
Tyler.
June 22. — In Key West, Jeremiah M. ScarrUt, Captain in the En^iueer Co'
4
884 AMBRIOAK OBITUARY FOR ]iB54. [1855.
of the United States Army, atid engineer in eh«r^ of the eontiraetioa of Fort
Taylor. He wu bora in New Hampshire, was appointed to West PcMot from
Illinois, and graduated at the Military Academy in 1838. He served with dis-
tinction in the war with Meiico, and was brevetted for gallant and meritorious
condact.
Aufr. 15. — In Philadelphia, Pa., Stefthen Simpton. Mr. Simpson was, at one
period of his life, an editor, and gained considerable celebrity as a politicsl
writer, especially by his essays against the United Stotes Bank, over the signa-
ture of Brotas, published in Duane's Aurora. During the life of Stephen Giiard,
he was Cssbier of the Girard Bank.
June 6. — in Madison County, Ky., Han, John Speed Smiih. He was repeat-
edly a member of the Kentecky Le^pslsture, and was, from 18S1 to 1823, Repre-
•entatiTe to Congress from his district. He was a highly intelligent and cnlti-
rated gentleman.
June 6. — in Parkersburg, Va., Han, John FryaU Snodgrmstf a member of
Congress from the eleventh Congressional District in Virginta, aged dO. He
wss a native of Berkeley County, Va., and was bom on the 2d q€ March, 1804.
He studied law with General Boyd, and practised his profession for fire or six
years in his native county, and then removed to pRrkersbiirg, where he continued
to reside until his death. He was a distinguished and successful lawrer. His
first political service was in the Constitutional Convention in Richmond, in 1850,
of wnich, though he spoke but once, he was an influential and valued member.
He fell dead while trying a case in court.
March 3. — In New York, Coot. fViUiam A, Spencer, U, S. N., aged 61.
Capt. Spencer was a son of the Hon. Ambrose Spencer, Chief Justice of tiie
State or New York, and brother of the Hon. John C. Spencer, formerly Secretary
of the Treasury.
Feb. 25. — Near Fayette ville, N. C, HoA. Robert Strange, aged 57, a distin*
Fiished and eminent lawyer. He was, at the time c^his math, Solicitor for the
ifth Judicial Circuit At an earlier period of his life, he hsd been Judge of
the Superior Court of the State of North Carolina,*and was Senator in Congress
fVom 1837 to 1841.
April 6.— In NashTille, Tenn.,< William Strickland, Etq, Mr. Strickland wan
the architect of the State Capitol of Tennesse, and of various public buildings in
Philadelphia.*
June 8.— At Indian Springs, Ga., Brevet-Mt^ar George H. Talcott, Capteiikin
the Ordnance Corps U. S. A., sged 43. He was a native of Maryland, was ap-
pointed to the service from Delaware, and graduated at West Point in 1831.
Aug. 18. — In Virginia, John Taliaferro , aged 85. Mr. Taliaferro was a mem*
ber of Congress fh>m Virginia, from 1801 to 1803; from 1811 to 1813; from 1824
to 1831 ; and for the last three years was Librarian in the Treasury Department
at Washington.
In South Adams, Mass., Stephen Temple, aged 91. Mr. Temple served for
some time in the Revolutionary war, was present st the surrender of Comwallis,
and had often stood guard before the tent of Genera] Washington. He had Toted
at every Presidential election since the formation of the government
July 24.— In New York State, Hon. John R. Thurman, from 1849 to 1851
a member of Congress from the State of New York. He had also filled several
ofiices of trust in his district.
Jan. 18. — In New Orleans, Jttdah Touro, aged 78. He was bom in Newport,
R. I., on the 17th of June, 1776, and went to New Orleans in 1802, where he re-
sided until his death. He served as a volunteer under Gen. Jackson in defence
of New Orleans, and was severely wounded. Mr. Touro was of the Hebrew
faith, and a man of great liberality and bencTolence. He leA a property of nearly
two millions of dollars, the bulk of which he bequeathed to the public institutions
of New Orleans.
July. — In Muscogee County, Ga., Hon, George W. B, Towns, Governor of
Georgia from 1849 to 1851, and Representative from Georgia in Congress from
1845 to 1847.
July 3. — In New York. Major Eugene Vanderventer, He was partially edu-
cated at the West Point Mllitarjr Academy, and, on the breaking out of the Mex-
ican war, was appointed a Captain of Infantry in one of the new ten regimente.
He served with distinction in Gen. Scott's line, and, before the close of the war,
was promoted to a majority. y
1865.] AMERICAN OBITUABY FOB 1854. 385
Aug. 4k — In WasfaiRffton, D. C, Dr, Bailey Washington, aged 67. Dr. Wash-
ington waa born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, in 1787, and connected
by blood with President Washington. At the time of his death, he was one of
the senior surgeons in the U. S. Navy, having entered it in 1810. He was the
surgeon of the Enterprise when she captured the Boxer during the last war, and
afterwards served with efficiency on Lake Ontario, under Com. Chauncey, and
was selected by him as his fleet-surgeon, though a junior. He was successively
fleet-surgeoQ under Commodores Rod^rs, Elliott, and Paterson in the Mediter-
ranean, and closed his active sea service during the Mexican war. At the time
of his death he was Consul^ng and Visiting Surgeon of the Navy Yard and
Marine Barracks at Washington.
July 17. — In Georgetown, D. C, Hon. George C, Washington. Col. Wash-
ington was a native of Virginia, and, at the time of his decease, was the oldest
and nearest surviving relative of his grand-uncle, General Washington. He
served from 1827 to 1833, and from 1835 to 1837, as a member of the House of
Representatives from his district in Maryland, was President of the Ohio and
Chesapeake canal, and Commissioner for the settlement of Indian claims. All
his duties were performed with faithful attention and marked ability.
Aug. 4. -~ In Albany, N. Y., Thomas Bushrod Washington, aged about 40, a
son of Bushrod Washington, and a grand-nephew of Gen. George Washington.
June 23. — In Cambridge, Mass., Hon, Daniel Wells, Chief Justice of the
Court of Common Pleas, aged 63. Judge Wells was born in Greenfield, Mass. ;
graduated at Dartmouth in 1810; studied and practised law in Greenfield until
1844, when, upon the re-organization of the court, he was made Chief Justice of
the Common Pleas. In 1837 he was appointed District Attorney for the Western
District, and discharged the duties of that office with marked ability, propriety,
and success, until his appointment as Chief Justice. His death was sudden, and
was caused by disease or the heart. He had held the Municipal Court in Boston
for three successive and laborious terms, and had presided therein on the twenty-
second of June. Late in the evening of that day, he left the court-room appar-
ently in perfect health, wa& attacked during the evening, after reaching his
residence, and died the next day, near one o'clock. He leaves a widow, two
sons, and three daughters. The bar in Suffolk and in Berkshire met and paid
honorable tribute to his memory.
In the course of his long and useful life, he rose to professional eminence,
and did much service to the State. He was a learned and successful lawyer,
and an upright judge. He was the steady friend of public improvement, of
sound morals, and of social order. He was conscientiously faithful to duty, pure
in life, and kind in heart.
Aug. 13. — In Albany, N. Y., Durell Williams, aged 90. Mr. Williama was a
native of Pennsylvania. He entered the service of his country at ihe op^niTig of
the Revolutionary war, and continued in it until its close. Hs wm wiih WsEb-
ington at Newburgh and Valley Forge, was present at the evncujition of New
York by the British, and participated in many of the stirring ficenea which
preceded.
May 4. — In Washington, D. C, Dr. Alexander Witherspocn, ajied 37. Dr.
Witherspoon received his medical education in New York, aud waa for Kome
time the House Surgeon of the City Hospital. He was a frequent contributor
to the medical journals of the country, and his papers were rcniarkablo for their
exact observation and clear statement. At the time of his decease, he was a
member of the medical corps of the army.
Aug. 24. — In Andover, Mass., Rev. Leonard Woods, D. i>,, Rjjcd BU Dr.
Woods was Emeritus Professor of Theoloey in the Andover Theological Semi<
nary, and widely known throughout the Union. He was bnrti in Prtotfilrin,
Mass., in 1774, and graduated at Harvard College in 1796. He wqa f>rdaiTied
pastor of the Fourth Congregational Church, in Newburg, in HOU, and lefl it in
1806. In 1810 he was installed Professor of Theology at Ando^^r, where ho
gave instruction during the long period of forty-four years. Dr- Wonda wns the
author of a valuable coursexjf theology, recently published, in five vfvluiMea,
Feb. 25. — In Florence, Italy, Capt. Thomas W. Wvman, of the T. S. m^y,
Capt. Wyman entered the navy in 1810, and was made captriin in 1HI2. Fe«
officers in the service were more highly esteemed, or dischart^ud the duties o>r
their station more faithfully.
March 15. — In Boston, Mwa., Ren. Alexander Young, D. D., agetl 5r. Dr.
836 yoRXi0ir OBrruABT for 1853. [1836.
Yoaof WW born in Boston, in 1800, aad was the son of Aleiander Yovng, a
printer. Ue graduated at Harvard College in IS20, and. on the 19th of January,
1825, was setUed as pastor of the Sixth Congregational Church , of Boston, as the
successor of Rev. Dr. Greenwood, and continued in that oflSce until his death.
After the death of Dr. Pierce, of Brookline, he was Secretary of the Board of
Trustees of Harvard College, until the expiration of his term of office. Besides
a volume of occasional discourses, Dr. Young has given to the world two works,
entitled " Chronicles of the Pilgrim Fathers of the Colony of Plymouth," and
** Chronicles of the First Planters of the Colony of Maasachnsetto Bay, from 16SS
to 1G36,'' both of which are edited with great acut^ness and fidelitv. His notes
in them are regarded as weighty authority on the subjects to which they relate,
even when conflicting with the opinions of other historians.
Jul^ 23.— Near Lexington, Ky., Hon. Henderson Young , Judge of the Sixth
Judicial Circuit of Kentucky.
FOREIGN OBITUARY.
1853.
Oct. S. — At the Observatory, Paris, in his 68th year, Dominique Francois Jean
Arago, Director of the Observatory, Perpetual Secretary of the Academy of Sci-
ences, and Grand Officer of the iJegion of Honor. He was born in the village of
Estagel, near Perpignan, in the Pyrenees, Feb. 26, 1786. In the college at Per-
pignan he studied mathematics with ^eat zeal, and entered the Polytechnic
School with the hishest honors. In 1806, at twenty years of age, he was ap-
pointed Secretary of the Board of Longitude, and soon aflerwards he became an
assistant to Biot in measuring the arc of meridian in Spain. When the war broke
out, Arago was taken prisoner. Liberated by the Spaniards, he was captured by an
Algerine corsair, and kept in captivity until 1809. At the age of twenty -three he
returned to Paris, and, on the death of Lalande^ was elected a member of the Insti-
tute of France, in the Astronomical Section^ and was soon afler appointed Pro-
fessor of Analysis. Geodesy, and Social Arithmetic in the Polytecnnic School.
Arago was the author of more than sixty distinct Memoirs on various branches of
science. His first essay, read before the Institute on the 24th of March, 1806,
was an investigation, in which he was assisted by Biot, " On the Affinities of
Bodies for Light,'' and particularly on the " Refracting Powers of Different
Gases," He established, in connection with M. Gay-Lussac, in 1816, " The An-
nales de Physique et de Chimie," and on his pressing representation, July 13,
1835, the Academy commenced, under the charge of its Perpetual Secretaries,
*^ Les Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires." In iSO Arago was made Director of
the Observatory^, and he succeeded Fourier as a Perpetual Secretary of the
Academy of Sciences. His remarkable activity of mind and unwearying indus-
try led him without difficulty through an amount of labor that would have over-
whelmed an ordinary man. In politics he was Republican, and in his political
writings are found evidences of a bold and liberal mind, ever alive to the social in-
terests of his fellow-men ; as a Deputy, he delivered a great number of speeches to
the Chamber. In 1848 he was elected a member of the Council-General of the
Seine. He was named a member of the Provisional Government, and Minister
of War and Marine, ad interim. He refused to take the oaths to the government
of Louis Napoleon. It is said that troubles in his latter days did much towards
causing his death.
Nov. 17. — In Badminton, the Duke of Beaufort, aged 61. In his youth he
served on the staff of the Duke of Wellington, and was for some months a pris-
oner of war. While Marquis of Worcester he held a seat in the House of Com-
mons as member for Gloucestershire.
Dec. 2. — In France, the Due de Belluno, son of Marshal Victor, and Senator
of France.
Nov. 28. — At Eaton Square, General Sir Thomas Bradford. G.C. B.&: G. C. H.,
Colonel of her Majesty's Fourth Regiment of Foot, aged 75.
Dec. 25. — In Scotsbrig, near Ecclefechan, the mother of Thomas Carlyle.
Dec. 4.~Vice-Admiral James Richard Dacres, at his seat, Calisfeld Lodge,
lifts.] i«OBXn»H OBiTUAmT fOR 1858. 8Sr
•ear F«nb«m HanU . He had served with sreat distinction. In command of
the Guerriere frigate, in 1812, he engaged with the United States frigate Consti-
tatioR, and aiXer a hard battle, in which he was wounded, struck hn flag. He
was honorably acquitted by a court-martial which tried him for surrendering his
ship, and afterwaras served on various stations.
Nov. 22.— The Right Hon. WUliam, Earl of DartmoHth, at PatshuU, Stafford-
■hire, aged 68.
Nov. 17. — In Torquay, Princess Nicolas Esterhazy, eldest daughter of the
Elarl and Countess of Jersey, aged 30.
Dec. 16. — In Novena, Iran Alvaro Flores de Estrada, one of the moet distin-
guished men in Spain, aged 87.
Dec. 5.->Lord FuUerton, aged 77. He was called to the bar in 1798, five
years after Sir Walter Scott, and was appointed a Lord of Session in 182)3,
through Sir Robert Peel. He had but recently retired from the bench, and was
** deemed one of the soundest, most learned, and accomplished lawyers.''
Dec. 26. — Dr. James Gillkrest, Inspector-General of Army Hospitals. He
entered the medical department of the army in 1801, served in the West Indies,
and was with the famous Light Division throughout the Peninsular war, and re-
ceived for his services a medal with twelve clasps. He was the author of sev-
eral valuable papers on cholera, and also of a work on yellow fever, which was
presented to the French Academy of Medicine, of whicn he was a member.
Oct 26.— At Simla, in Bengal, Major-General Sir Henry T. Godwin, K.C.B.,
aged 68.
Nov. 17.<— Captain William Gregory of the Royal Engineers, at Woolwich,
aged 58.
Dec. 19. — In Hanover, Dr. Grottefend, a learned Orientalist and philologist,
and well known in English literary societies.
Dec. 13. — At Brazen-Nose College, Oxford, Rev. Richard Harington, D.D.
Dr. Harington was the Principal of ue College, and the third son of the late
Sir John Edward Harington, Bart.
Sept 25. — At Brighton, the Hon. and Rev. Somerville Hay, aged 36.
Dec. 5. — At Hoveringham Notts, Lieutenant-General Henry Huthwaite, of
the Bengal Army, aged 84.
Dec. 9. — At New Inn, Robert Langslow, Esq., some time Attorney-General
of Malta, and afterward a District Judge in Ceylon, aged 62.
Oct 17. — At Bath, Sir Alexander Mackenzie, aged 82. Sir Alexander was
the senior General in the Queen's service, and had l>een educated partly at Ed-
inburgh with Sir Walter Scott, and subsequently with the Duke of^ Wellington
in France.
Dec. 25. — In Ely, Dr. William Hodge Mill, Regius Professor or Hebrev^ in
the University of Cambridge, Eng., Canon of Ely, and Rector of Brastcd,
Nov. 24. — At Lansdowne Crescent, Cheltenham, Lieutenant-General DuriCnin
M'Pherson, of the Bengal Army, aged 74.
Oct 13. — At Cadogan Place, CapUin Henry Edward Napier, R. ^ , F. R. S.^
youngest brother of the late Lieut-General Sir C. J. Napier, G. C. B., ai^eJ 4>3,
Dec. 2. — At Castle Meadow, Norwich, Mrs. Amelia Opie, widnw ut^ Joha
Opie, Esq., the painter, aged 84. Mrs. Opie was the daughter of Dr. Jimjes kU
derson, of Norwich. She was married in 1798, at the age of 29; priur to which
she had not written for the press, unless it be occasional songs. In IHOl , " The
Father and Daughter " was published. This was translated and dram;i[ izt-d iu Ihe
opera *' Agnese." Among her other works, she wrote "The O^lil-tf^inpered
Man," "Temple," « St Valentine's Day," "Illustrations of Lying," and ^'De-
traction Displayed." She lost her husband in 1807. She was eduL nird n LJnj«
tarian, became a convert to Orthodoxy, and afterwards assumed the Qimker ikli]^^
garb, and speech.
Dec. 12. — Izzet Pacha, the brave and determined Governor of Ef l>rm£Ep.
Nov. 15. — *At Plymouth, John Pasco, Rear-Admiral of the Red, Birrd 73. He
was one of Nelson's Lieutenants, and the senior flag Lieutenant of Ibe vietory
at Traf^gar.
Oct. 27. — At Derry, the Right Rev. Dr. Ponsonby, Lord Bishop of Derry and
Raphoe, Ireland, aged 82.
Dec. 25. — General Joseph von Radowitz.
Sept 14. — Hugh Edwin Strickland, a member of the British AiifloeNLtJQ
While making geological examinations of the strata in the deep cutlingi im
S9
888 VOREIOK OBITUA&T FOB 1884. £1855.
•tde of tiM Clarboronsh Tnaitel, he wm 11111011 bj the Great Moitbera paseenger
train and ioatantly killed.
Now. 5. — The Right Hon. Lord Charles Vere Ferrars Townshend, of Rayn-
bam Hall, Norfolk, and orTamworth Castle, Warwickshire, aged 67.
Dec. 17. — At Glasgow, Rev. Ralph Wardlaw, D.D., aged 73. Dr. Wardlaw
was an eminent minister of the Congregational Dissenters. He wrote on several
theoloffical subjects, and at the time of his death had entered upon the fifty^first
year orbia ministty.
Dec. 17. — The Marchioness of Wellesley, an American lady, widow of the
late Maiqaia Wellesley, elder brother of the late Duke of Wellington.
1854.
Aug. 10. — Died in Munich, Frederic Ansnatos, the King of Saiony, aged ff7.
On entering Munich the carriage in which ne rode was oTertumed, and the king
was killed by a kick from one of the borsea. He was bom on the 18th of May,
1797. A serious insurrection baring broken out at Dresden, in September, 1830,
aninat the authority of his uncle Anthony, the reigning^ monarch, Prince
frederic Augustus was named co-regent on the 13th of that month, and succeeded
to the throne on the 6th of June, 1836, his father, Duke Maximilian, haTing
waived hia riabt thereto. The king leavea no issue, and the crown descends to
his brother, John Nepomuc Marie Joseph, born on the 12th of December, 1801.
May 15. — la Brighton, the Hon. and Right Rev. Richard Bagot, Bishop of
Bath and Wells, aged 71.
June 7. — > In Paris, Admiral Baudin.
March 27. — In Welbech, William Henry Cavendish Scott Bentinck, the
Duke of Portland, aged 84. Aft Marquis of Titchfield, in 1807, he was a Junior
Lord of the Treasury J — under Mr. Canning, in 1827, he held the Privy Seal
from April to August ; — and he was Lord President of the Council in the Gode-
rich Ministry.
Jan. 8. — At Bedgeburr Park, William Carr Beresford, Marshal in the Portugueae
service. General in the British army, and a Peer of Great Britain, aged 85. He
was the illegitimate son of the first Marquia of Waterbory, and wss bom in Oc-
tober, 1768. Educated in the Military Academy at Strasbourg, he entered tbe
army in 1786, and served in Nova Scotia, the West Indies, Toulon (wben Napo-
leon assisted at the siege and captura), Corsica, Egypt, under Sir David Baird,
at the Cape of Good Hope, and Buenoa Ayres. Returning to England in 1807,
he joinea the army in Portugal a few days after the battle of Vimiera, and waa
intrasted with the execution of the Convention of Cintra. He made the cam-
paign with Sir John Moore, and covered the retreat at the battle of Coranna.
Jn 1809, he was appointed to the command of the Portuguese army, which he
organized, and lea through the Peninsular campaign. At Albuera he commanded
in person, and defeated Soult, but sufferad great loss himself. In the subsequent
battles and sieges he bore his part, and was desperately wounded at Salamanca,
hut recovered so as to take part in the conflict at Vittona. In 1814 he was raised
to the Peerage as Baron, with a pension of £2,000 a year. In 1823 he waa made
a Viscount. Under the Duke of Wellington, Lord Beresford waa Master-Gen-
eral of the Ordnance. In 1830 he married the widow of Mr. Hope of Deepdene.
For many years he had lived in retirement at Bedgebury.
June 8. — In the City of Mexico, Alexander Henry Haatinga Berkeley, First
Attach^ to the British Legation, aged 28.
April 3. — In Perth, Sir John Bisset, K. C. B., Commissary of the Forcea
during the whole of the Peninsular war.
June 15. — In Mark Lane, London, James Kendle Browne, Eaq., the father of
the Cora Exchange, ag^d 82.
June 22. — In Silistria, Turke^jr, Captain James Armar Butler, -of tlie Ceylon
Rifle Regiment, aged 26. Captain Butler died from the eflfect of wounda re-
ceived in defending the fortress of Silistria.
May. — In Eden wood, Fifeshire, Sir George Campbell, brother of the Lord
Chief Justice, aged 74.
March 27. — Died in Turin, Charies IIL, Duke of Parma, aged 31. Ho waa
born January 24, 1823, and acceded to the throne in 1849, since which time the
duchy has been in a state of siege, the schools and colleges all closed, tlie public
money used, at will, and the government in the hands of a Yorkshire groom,
E
1856.] FOBBiaiC OMTUABY FOR 1864. |d9
whom he had eierated to the title of Baroii Ward. The Duke waa atabbed in
the streeU of Turin on the 26th, causing his death on the 27th.
March 3].—- In Dublin, Ireland, the Rer. James Carlile, D.D., aged 69. Dr.
Carlile was for more than forty years minister of St. Mary's Abbey Scotch
Church, Dublin ; and for some years Government Commissioner, and member of
the National Board of Education for Ireland.
April 26. — In Edinburgh, Henrv T., Lord Cockburn. He was one of the
Scotch judges, and is known to the literary world as the biographer of Lord
Jeffrey. He was a Wbis in politics, and an associate of the brilliant circle of
reviewers and spirited Whig partisans of Edinburgh. Although fond of literary
pursaita and of the society of literary men, his only appearance as an author
was as the biographer of his friend. Lord Jeffrey. He waa an abU lawyer, an
effective orator, and possessed of such social characteristics as made him the
favorite companion of the best men of Edinburgh.
Aug. 26. — In Hawkhurst, Kent, Lieutenant-General Thomas Dalmer, C. B., a
Peninsular and Waterloo officer. General Dalmer was severely wounded at Sal-
amanca, and had a horse killed under him at Waterloo.
May 11. — In the crater of Vesuvius, into which he had fallen, J. Delius, of
Bremen, Assistant Professor of English Literature at Berlin.
March 6. — In the Palace, Salisbury, Rev. Edward Denison, D.D., the Bishop
of Salisbury, aged 52. Dr. Denison was appointed to the see in 1837.
July 14. — In Gallipoii, the Due d'Elchingen, second son of Marshal Ney.
The Duke commanded a brigade of cavalry in the French army of the East.
Jan. 14. — In the College Gardens, the Rev. Thomas Evans, D.D., for many
years Head Master of the King's School, Gloucester, Vicar of Landhurst, near
Gloucester, and Chaplain of the Gloucester Lunatic Asylum, aged 51.
March. — In Paris, France, M. Frasev, Cur6 of St. Nicholas des ChlSips,
aged 90. M. Frasey witnessed most of the scenes cf the first Revolution, and
lived for more than forty years in one of the most turbulent quarters of Paris.
He was universally beloved and respected.
June 1. — In Odessa, Captain Henry Wells Giffard, R. N., son of Admiral
John Giffard, R. N., aged 42. Captain Giffard died from the effect of wounds re-
ceived while gallantly defending his ship, the Tiger, against the Russiana.
March 9. — In St. Mary's College, St. Andrews, Rev. Robert Haldane, D.D.,
F. R. S. £., Principal of St. Mary's College, and Primarius Professor of Divinity
in the University, and first minister of the parish of St. Andrews.
February 10. — In Mexico, General Herrera, Ex-President of the Republic.
He was one of the veterans of the war of independence, and as a statesman
had given proofs of the loftiest patriotism and disinterestedness.
April 13. — At Hadspen House, Somerset, the Right Hon. Henrv linbliouiej
aged 77. He was Under-Secretary of the Home Department from li^H tu li^Zl.
July 31. — In Quebec, Canada, Colonel Hogarth, commanding the; ^26ih regU
ment of British infantry. He commanded the regiment during the Cj^vflzzI riula,
May 19. —In Brompton, from the effects of exposure and privatlmL rsp^ri'
eneed during four yeara' Arctic service in search of Sir John Fratikl]ii» [.it^men^
ant William Hulme Hooper, R. N., author of "Ten Mouths amon^pt ihe Tentv
of the Tuski," and ** Incidents of a Boat Expedition to the MackcuwAe Kiver,"*
aged 26. Lieutenant Hooper commanded the second cutter of the T I over, in an
expedition of the boats of that ship from Icy Cape to the Mackenaie ; for ihroe
days he was lost in a snow«storm, and for two winters he and his buaL'is nmw
were isolated near the northern shores of America. The hardships be endured
caused the pulmonary disease of which he died.
March 6. — At Oxford, Rev. Richard Jenkyns, D. D., Dean of Wc^lEa, nnd
Master of Balliol College. Dr. Jenkyns was Master of Balllol for t}itrty-five
years. It is said of him that he found Balliol a close college, amouL; tbe'|«]i»t
distinguished of the collegiate bodies at Oxford, — he left it almost eniirpEy open,
and confessedly the foremost of all. In 1834 he set aside the system of nVimin:!*
tion, and established merit as the sole standard. He held the Deanery of \Vel^
given to him by Sir Robert Peel, in 1845.
April 19. — In Royal Circus, Edinburgh, Robert Jameson, Esq., Regitti Frofbi*
sor of Natural History in the University of EUiinburgh.
August 12. — At the residence of Lord Palmerston, in Carlton GjirjJ^ns, Lord
Jocelyn, aged 38. He was born in 1816, was military secretary of tho CJsirifSBw
expeoition, and the author of a book called ** Six Months in China." .^-M
July 24.^ At his residence in Sussex Terrace, Hyde Park GardtMifl, Gp^
a
J
Ml FORBian omrvAMT fob iSM. [1M5.
Sir H«iiiT Ktaf^, ag^d 77. Sir Henry had been a aoldier for siitj yean, serring
in the Weal Indiea, in Egypt, Walcheren, and the Peniesnla. In Egypt, he loat
a leg, but thia did not prevent hioi from aabaeqiiently tiding pert in Uie war.
July St. — In Cavan, Ireland, Rev. John Lealie, D.D., Biahopof Kilaaore, aged
81 . He waa conaecrated' Biabop of Dromore in 1 812, tranalateo to Elphin in 1819,
and, under the Charcb Temporalitiea Aet.took poaaeaaion of KiloBore in 1841.
Marcb 18. — In London, the E^ri of Lich6eld, aged 67. It waa at his honae
that the famooa " Lichfield Hoote Compact was made.'' It waa while Lord
Lichfield waa Poatmaater-Genera) that Mr. Rowland Hill's Penny- Peat System
waa introduced.
March 12. ^- At King's College, Aberdeen, Dr. Hugh Macpherson, Sab-Prtn*
eipal, and for sixty-one years Professor of Greek in that UniTersily, aged 86.
May 90. — In Eaton Place, Weat, General Sir Peregrine Maitland, G. C. B.,
H^ed 76. General Maitland waa born in 1777, and entered the Guards in 1793.
e aerred at Walcheren, in the Penin8ala,at Coronna, and at Waterhso. For hia
serrices on the Nito, as commander of the first brigade of Goards, he receiTed a
nedal. He had been Lieutenant-GoTemor of Upper Canada and of NoTa Scotia,
and Commander-in-chief of the Madras Army.
June. -— In Paria, M. Maoguin. He took a leading part in the Rerolotion of
1890, and waa a member of the Chamber of Depnties, or the Constituent Assem-
bly, and of the LegislatiTe Aasembly.
February 11. — Rev. William Mills, D. D., Rector of St Pauls, Exeter, late
head-maater of the Exeter Free Grammar School, and for twenty years one of
the under-masters of Harrow, aged 66.
July 9. — In Paris, the Princess de la Moskowa, widow of Ney.
April 90. — At the Mount, Sheffield, James Montgomery, the poet and journal^
iat Cf Sheffield, aged 82. Mr. Montgomery was a native of Irvine, in Ayrfehire,
and the son of a Moravian niiMionaTy. Early in life he went to London with
S^ems to sell ; a bookseller refused the poems, bat made the boy his shopman,
e was next employed at Sheffield, in 1792, upon the Sheffield Register, and he
sttbaequently edited the Sheffield Iris. In this capacity he was prosecuted and
imprisoned m 1796 and in 1796. In 1797 he publisned *' Prison Amusements " ;
in 1806, «The Ocean''; iU 1806, «Tbe Wanderer in Switterland " : in 1809,
"The West Indies"; in 1812; "The World before the Flood"; in 1819,
*< Greenland,'' In four cantos ; in 1828, "The Pelican Island, and other Poems ";
and in 1869, <* Original Hymns for Public, Private, and Social Devotion." Mr.
Montgomery in bis latter days enjoyed a pension of £ 160 a year.
February 18. — In Futtyghnr, Colonel Mountain, C. B., Aide-de-camp to the
Queen, and Adjutant to her Majesty's forces in India. He was Lord Gough's
Adjutant-General in China, and commanded a brigade at Chillian wallah and
Goojsrat, earning great distinction, and, at the conclusion of the war, resumed
his appointment of Adjutant-General.
August 1. — In Oxford Terrace, Hyde Park, Kenneth Murchison, Esq., former-
ly Governor of Penang and Singapore, aged 60.
March. ~ Benedetto Negri, the once celebrated professor of singing. At the
early age of twenty-two he was appointed Professor of the Conservatoire at Mi.
Ian, on its foundation by Napoleon.
April 90. — In Easlngpvold, Yorkshire, Rev. Robert Nevrton, for fifty-five years
a minister of the^ Wesleyan denomination
April 28. — In England, William Henry Paget, first Marauis of Anglesey, wed
86. Lord Paget, the eldest son of the third Earl of Uxbridge, was bom in May,
1768. He commenced his military career as commander of a regiment of volun-
teen. He afterwards served under the Duke of York in Flandera. In 1808
he attained the rank of Major-General, and distinguished himself in the retreat
of Sir John Moore, ending in the battle of Corunna. In 1812, he succeeded to the
title of Earl of Uxbridge. During the Peninsular war, he commanded the heavy
brigade, under Lord Wellington, and was distinguished by his great peraonal
courage. He was also in command of the British cavalry at Waterloo, where be
loat a leg. In consideration of his military services, he was made Marquis of
Anglesey, and received the special thanks of Parliament, with many decorations
and other marks of distinction from the allied sovereigns. In 1827, he was ap-
pointed Master of the Ordnance, and in 1828 Viceroy of Ireland. The latter
office he retained only one year, but was reinstated in 1840, and held the office
for three yeare. In 1846 he was again appointed Master of the Ordnance, and in
^^7 was raised to the rank of Field^anhal. He alao held aeveral sinecure*.
1855.] FOBBION OBITUABT FOB 1854. 341
Aa|V8t 13. — At hit esUte of Jooy-auz- Arches, near Metz, General Paizhans,
aged 72. General Paixhana was well known in connection with the artillery, and
especially with the celebrated gun that bears his name.
July 14. — Died in Benha, a small town on the Nile, Abbas Pasha, grandson of
Mehemet AH, and Viceroy of E^pt. He had reigned over Egypt since 1848
He was very vnpopalar, and under bis rale the population decreased, and these
that remained lived in great wretchedness. The only remarkable work of his
reign was the commencement of the railway from Cairo to Alexandria.
February l. — In Moncaglieri, near Turin, Silvio Pellico, the celebrated
author of <' Mie Prigioni." The story of Silvio Pellico is well known. He was
a tutor in the family of Count Porro, when, in 1820, he was seized as a Carbonaro
by the Austrians, at Milan, and confined in the fortress of Spielberg for ten
years. Released b^ the amnesty of 1830, he found shelter at Turin, and was em^
ployed as librarian in the house of the Marchess Barolo, until he died. Gioberti
dedicated one of his books to him as " the first of Italian patriots," and Charles
Albert bestowed on him the decoration of St. Maurice.
January 5. — At his residence, near Dublin, William Conyn^ham Plunket, Baron
Plunket, aged 88. Lord Plunket played a varied and distinguished part in the first
half of the nineteenth century. Born at Fermanagh,in 1765,ne graduated atTrinity
College,-adopted the profession of the law, and was called to the bar in 1788. At
an early age he won distinction in the Irish Parliament. In 1803, Mr. Plunket
appeared as one of the crown counsel at the trial of Robert Emmett, and in the
autumn of the same year he was made Solicitor-General. Joining Lord Gran-
ville, in 1805, he was made Irish Attorney-General in the ministiy of ''All the
Talents/' and quitted office with them in 1807. In 1818, he defeated Mr.
Crocker in a contest for the representation of Dublin University, and appeared in
the imperial Parliament as the extenuator of the policy of the Liverpool cabinet.
When the Marquis of Wellesley became Viceroy, on the death of the Marquis of
Londonderry, in 1822, Mr. Plunket. was again made Attorney-General. During
the ministrv of Mr. Canning, he was elevated to the peerase, as Baron Plunket.
and made Chief Justice of the Dublin Court of Common Pleas, a post he filled
from 1827 to 1830. He had taken a conspicuous part in the movement for Catho-
lic Emancipation, and when the Duke of Wellington brought forward that meas-
ure, he invited Lord Plunket to sit by his side in the House of Lords, and take
charge of the bill. Here the career of Lord Plunket in Parliament may be said
to have closed. On the accession of the Whigs to power, he was made Lord
Chancellor for Ireland, which office beheld until 1841, when he reluctantly made
wav for Lord Campbell. After this period he lived in retirement.
January 12.— At Verona, the Countess Radeteky, wife of the veteran Field-
Marshal.
Jttlv 31. — In Turin, Count Adrien de Revel, Envoy Extraordinnry and Minis.
ter Plenipotentiary of his Majesty, the King of Sardinia, at the CouH nf Vianna^
and formedy at the British Court
February 27. —In Bonchorch, Isle of Wight, Rev. J. L. Richardi, D. D., Rec-
tor of Exeter College, Oxford, and chaplain to H. R. H. Prince Albt^rt, agf^d fiG.
Julv. — In Paris, Madame Ledru-Rollin, the mother of the wcilktiown lied
Republican of that name.
April 26. — In Upper Albany Street, Resent's Park, Gabriele RoB^eni, intti-
Professor of Italian in King's College, London, aged 71. He wax hnm in 1733,
in Vasto, in the kingdom of Naples, and in early life devoted himacir to piiiiiiiiif
and poetry. In 1821, having been engaged as a reformer, he was oblJ};<'d tu he^
come an exile to save his life. He went to London, and there, in cnuncriian
with his other duties, extensively cultivated literature, and wrote mnuy crilicaj
essays, the moat noted of which was the " Analytic Comment ** on Dame,
Mareh 2. — In Romano, in Bergamo, Rubini, once the most renowned! tenor of
the Old World, aged 60.
August 20. — In Switzerland, Frederic William Joseph von Scbcllinc^ oi>w uf
the most prominent among the philosophers of modern Germany, aped 711. Pro-
feasor Schelling was born at Lemberg, in Wurtemberg, in 1775, with tht; tjtte dC
Privy-Councillor, was honored and respected for many good qualities, nnd admired
for his talents.
June 18. — In the city of Mexico, Madame Henriette Sontag,.wir(i of Coun!
Rossi, and one of the first lyric artistsof the present age, aged about 50.
August 13. — At St. Amans, Sophie, sister of the late Marshal Soiilt, ^ged nU
89 •
842 FOBEIOK OBITUABT FOB 1894. [1865.
JaljSO. — In BncUuid, near Lymington, Mrs. Csroline SonUiej, the widow
of the late poet lanreate. Mra. Southey was well known before her marriage, in
1839, as Caroline Bowles, the poetess.
July 26. — In Homsej Road, Georse Brettingham Sowethy, F. L. S., author of
seTeral works on natural history, aged 64.
March SI. — At Port Natal, Dr. SUnger, one of the sorriters of the ill-fated
Niser eipedttion. He was the Surveyor-General of Fort Natal aotil 1861, when
ill nealth compelled him to resign.
March 13. <— In Stafford, while charging the Grand Jury, Sir Thomas Noon
Talfoord, D. C. L., aged 57. The career of Mr. Justice Talfourd was singularly
successful. He was born at Reading, in 1793. His father was a brewer, his
mother, the daughter of the Rev. Thomas Noon, an Independent minister. Edu-
cated at the Reading Grammar School, under Dr. Valpy, Talfourd went to Lon-
don in 1813, and commenced the study of law under Chitty, the celebrated
pleader. He was called to the bar, by the Middle Temple, in 1821, and was mar-
ried in the following year. Joinins the Oxford Circuit, he made his way to the
position of leader In a comparatively short period, and in 1833 assumed the Sher-
iff's coif. Elected in that year as a member for Reading, be sat for the borough,
in successive Parliaments, till 1841, and he was sgain elected in 1847. In 1848,
while In the court-house at Stafford, the telegraph brought him intelligence that
he was made a Judge of Common Pleas. Talfourd successfully cultivated litera-
ture as a refreshing relief from the labors of his profession. At the early age of
eighteen he wrote a small rolume of poema. ** Ion *' was his greateat literary
auccess, and his subsequent dramas, " The Athenian Captives," and ''Glencoe,*^
were but inferior copies of the same school. The " Vacation Rambles " and the
*' Memoirs of Charles Lamb" are his best-known prose works.
January 8. — At Haccombe, Devon, Major-General Thomas William Taylor,
C. B., of Ogwell House, Devon, Lieutenant-Governor of the Royal Military Col-
lege, Sandhurst, and Colonel of the SeTenteenth Lancers, aged 70.
March. — In Paris, France, Count Thibaudeau, once a member of the National
Conrention, subsequently a Councillor of State under the first Napoleon, and
Senator under the present Emperor, wed 88.
March 10. — At Bedwelty House, Monmouthshire, William Thooipson, Esq.,
M. P., of (Jnderley Hall, Westmoreland, and Penydarran House, Glamorgan-
shire, President or Christ's Hospital, Senior Alderman of the City of London,
and Colonel of the Royal London Militia, aged 61.
July 6. —At the Rectory, Broad Somerford, Wills, the Rot. S. G. F. Triboudet
Demainbrav, B. D., formerly a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, and for more
than fifly-five years Rector of Broad Somerford, aged 94. He was appointed a
Whitehall Preacher in 1794, a chaplain in ordinary to her Majesty, and was the
Astronomer at the late Royal Observatory at Kew, which latter post was previ-
ously held by his father, S. C. Triboudet Demainbray, Esq., LL. D.
March 6. — At Holdernesse House, Charles William Vane, Marquis of London-
derry, ased 76.
June 8. — In Paris, M. A. Vivien, Ex-minister of Justice, and Minister of Pub-
lic Works in 1848.
April 3. — In Edinburgh, Professor John Wilson, aged 69. Professor Wilson,
better known, perhaps, as the Christopher North of Blackwood's Magaiine, was
the son of a successful manuracturer in Paisley, Scotland, where he was bom, on
. the 19th of May, 1785. At the age of thirteen he entered the University of
Glasgow, and, five years later, removed to Msffdalen College, Oxford, where, in
1806, he gained the Newdlgate prize in English verse ; tne subject being in
'' Recommendation of the Study of Grecian and Roman Architecture." In 1812
he published ** The Isle of Palms,'' a poem that placed him at once among the
best living authors. In 1815 he was called to the Scottish bar, bat never had
practice as an advocate. In 1816 ''The City of the Plague" appeared. In 1817
Blackwood's Magazine was started, and Mr. Wilson soOn became one of the
principal contributors, and continued to write for it until 1850. In ISEO.ou the
death of Dr. Thomaa Brown, he wa« appointed to the Professorship of Moral
Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh, which he held till smitten with
paralysis, m 1853. In 1842 he made a selection from his contributions to Black-
wood, under the title of " Recreations of Christopher North," in three Tolnmes.
The other writinss of Wilson are very widely known. His principal prose works
are, " Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life," "The Trials of Marinr«t Lind-
sa^," and " The Forresters." *
1855.] CHBONICLB OF EVENTS FOB 185S. 343
CHRONICLE OF EVENTS.
1853.
Septs.— The Fint Chamber in Holland adopt the much-disputed Law on
Religious Liberty, by a majority of 22 to 16.
Sept. 8. — A shock of an earthquake is experienced at New Bedford, Mass.
Sept. 9.— The remaining portion of ** Table Rock/' at the Falls of Niagara;
breaks off, and falls with a tremendous crash.
Sept II. — A violent shock of an earthquake is felt atBiloxi and several of the
watering-places on the Gulf coast
Sept. l4. — The first sod of the European and North American Railroad is
turned, at St. John, by Lady Head, assisted by the Lieutenant-Governor, in the
presence of 25,000 persons.
Sept. 14. — The engine of a freight train on the Ohio and Pennsylvania Rail-
road blows up, when under way, near Franklin, about 65 miles from Pittsburg.
The force of the explosion is very great, lifting the locomotive from the track,
and hurling it a distance of 50 feet
Sept. 16. — A collision occurs between a passenger and freight train on the New
York Central Railroad, at Oneida. The passenger cars are badly broken, and
•everal persons are killed and wounded.
Sept 25. — The Divan unai»imously decide that the Porte cannot accept the
Vienna note, and agree that the Grand Council must be convoked.
Sept. 26. — The Grand Council, composed of 140 persons, assembles, and comes
to the decision that the system of negotiations is exhausted, and that the time
has arrived for the Sultan to declare war in form.
Sept 28. — A deputation from the Protestant Alliance, headed by the Earl of
Shaftesbury, wait upon Lord Clarendon, to state the case of Miss Cuninghame,
arrested at Lucca for distributinsr an Italian version of the Bible, and also of the
Pilgrim's Progress, and to urge the government to procure her immediate Kbera-
tion. Lord Clarendon concurs with Lord Shaftesbury in his opinion of the law
in question, as contrary to the principles of the Gosi)el and the spirit of the age.
Sept. 28. — The ship Annie Jane, from Liverpool, is driven on the Barra Island,
one of the Hebrides, and out of 450 passengers 348 are drowned.
Sept. 29. — Queen Victoria assists at the laying of the comer-stone of the great
tower of the new royal palace at Balmoral.
Oct. 1. — The Divan resolve on the most vigorous measures, and the Sultan
signs the declaration of war. The Sultan also signs and issues a epirUecJ pracb-
mation to the people, appealing to their loyalty and spirit of independence;, stilling
the justice or their cause, and demanding the moral and material uid of the
Western Powers. The ambassadors of England and France are requested, at the
same time, to order the allied fleets to pass the Dardanelles.
Oct. 3. — The bronze statue of Sir Robert Peel is successfully placed on iti
pedestal in front of the Royal Infirmary at Manchester.
Oct. 4. — The manifesto of the SulUn, containing the declaralion of war, it
read in all the mosques.
Oct. 4. — The " Great Republic," a mammoth clipper of 4,000 tnrg, nnd the
largest merchant-vessel in the world, is launched from the yard of Mr. Donald
McKay, at East Boston, Mass.
Oct 5. — A collision occurs on the Great Southern and Western Railway of
Ireland, near Dublin, between a cattle and passenger train, by which thirij^pn per-
sons ar^killed, and fifty badly wounded.
Oct 7. — Captain Inglefield, of the Phmnix, arrives at the Admimlty, frnm lh«
Arctic regions, with the news of the discovery of the Northwear ^3!^E.ige, by
Captain IVfcClure, of the Investigator, Oct 26, 1850. «
Oct 9. — An order is signed for the immediate release of Miss Cuninghnnie itt
Lucca.
Oct 10. — Queen Isabella, in commemoration of her birthdsy, r^rdcrs thr^a
■crew-fKntes, each carrying 31 guns, to be constructed, and to bp cjiWetX the
Berenguela, Petronila, and Blanca, in memory of the three queens from i/vbom
her Majesty derives the crowns of Castile, Aragon, and Navarre.
Oct 12. — John Mitchell arrives at San Francisco, Cal.,from AusUiLli^, via, t
Sandwich Islands.
844 CHBONICLB OF BYSNTS FOB 1858. [1855.
Oct. 17. — A pwty of fortj-fire men, coammnded by Coloiiel Walker, tail from
San Francisco, Cal., for the pdrpoae of establishing a republic in Lower California.
Oct. 19. — A great ** National Horse Show" commences at Sfmngfield, Mass.
It is a pioneer enterprise of the kind, continiies for three days, and is perfectly
successful.
Oct SO. — The Turks lyive a fleet of twenty-two ships of the line and nine war-
steamers in the Bosphorus, mounting 1,116 guns, and the Egyptian contingent,
consisting often ships of war and two steamers, mounting 614 gims.
Oct iOi — Selim Pacha defeats a Russian corps of 15;000 men, on the frontiers
of Georgis.
Oct &. — The combined fleets enter the Bospborus.
Oct 26. — Capt J. W, Gunnison, of the Corps of Topographical Engineers,
with seven other members of the party of exploration, while attempting to survey
the Iskes in Uuh Territocy, is massacred by the Indians.
Oct 27. — A deputation of clergymen and others, headed by Sir Culling Eardley,
wait upon Lord Clarendon, and thank him and the government for the exertions
made to procure the liberation of Miss Cuninghame.
Nov. I. — The imperial manifesto, making a declaration of war, is published in
the gazette of St Petersburg.
Nov. 2. — A second grand festival of the sons of New Hampshire resident in
Boston, occurs at the Fitchburg Depot hall, ifiOO being present at the dinner.
Nov. 2. — The jury, in the case of the cu>tain of the Heniy Clay, indicted for
manslaughter from the mismanagement of nis boat, in racing at the time of the
disaster, bring in a verdict of not guilty, in the District Court of the United States
for New York.
Nov. 4. — There is a battle between the Turks and Russians at Oltenitsa, with
a loss to the Russians of 1,200 killed and wounded.
Not. 6. — The first Presbyterian Chinese church is organized at San Francisco.
Nov. 8. — A new planet, in the constellation Taurus, is discovered by Mr. Hind,
the English astronomer. This planet is the ninth discovered by Mr. Hind since
1846. and raises the number of that extraordinary group of worlds between Mars
and Jupiter to twenty-seven.
Nov. 9. — The ceremonies at the inauguration of the Washington aqueduct
take place at the Great Falls of the Potomac, President Pierce turning the first
turf, followed by the Secretary of War, Senator Douglas, the Mayor of Washing-
ton, and other distinguished gentlemen.
Nov. 10 — Maria, Queen of Portugal, dies in childbed. Her husband, Fer-
dinand, a Prince of Saxe-Coburg, is declared regent during the minority of her
son and successor, Pedro V., now aged 16.
Nov. 17. — The Duke de Nemours, on behalf of the entire Orleans House,
eflbcta a reconciliationwith the Count de Chambord.
Not, 19. ^ The late Queen of Portugal is buried with great solemnity, and
wivnsLratLons of public regret
^ov. ;K). — A Turkish squadron, consisting of three frigates, two steamers, and
imt tr^i^Aparts. is destroyed by the Russians at Sinope. 5,000 Turks are killed,
' Dtnian Pacha is taken prisoner,
c. "2. - The steamship Winfield Scott, having on board five hundred passen-
, iin J ^ 1 ,100,000 in gold, is lost during a dense fog, in the middle of the night,
I MN} miles from San Francisco. The passengers and gold are saved.
Id. ^. — iVfadame Goldschmidt, the world-renowned Jenny Lind, makes her
_ public nnpearance in Europe since her marriage, at Dresden.
|>sc. 4, — The Russians attack Kalafat, but are repulsed with great slaughter.
Bee. £i.-«The steamship Humboldt, of the New York and Havre line, while
ftlftBmptgng to put into Halifax for coal, runs ashore, north of the harl^pr, on a
ledge off Samoro Light, with ninety passengers and 450 tons of freight The
pusengcffl are saved, but the steamahip is toUdly lost
Dec, 7. —John Flannery, for stabbing and killing a man at St Louis, while in
n stnte of i ntozication, is convicted of murder in the second degree, and sentenced
mtnety-nine yearsMmprisonroent in the State penitentiary.
Dec. 7.^- The inauguration of the statue of Marshal Ney occurs at Paris, on
"ttie anniversary of his execution, the statue being placed in the garden of the
Luxembourg, on the spot where he was shot
Dec. 8.— The Revenue Cutter Hamilton is lost in a hurricane, off Tully
Breakers, Charleston Bar ; and Capt Rudolph, the Quartermaster, four men, and
two boys, are drowned.
1855.] OHBONIOLS OF EYENTS FOR 1854. 845
Dee, 8. — Te Deom is 8iing[ in the Imperial chapel, and in all the chnrehes of
St. Peteraburff, for the victories at Sinope Alchaltsich.
Dec. 9.<— The men and women of Hari>or Creek, near Erie, tarn out in large
nambers, tear up the railroad track, burn the ties and bridges over the culTert,
and plough down the traok to its former level.
Dec. 10.— The French and British fleet enter the Black Sea.
Dec. 10. — The extensive printinff and publishing establishment of the Messrs.
Harper, at New York, consisting of six lofty buildings, is totally destroyed by
fire, together with their entire set of stereotype plates, and very large stock of
books, involving a loss of more than a million of dollars.
Dec. IS.— The first stone of a Roman Catholic Cathedral is laid at Shrews-
hpry, by Bishop Brown, the young Earl of Shrewsbury giving £ 15,000 towards its
erection.
Dec. 15. — The Dublin Exhibition Building is formally opened- as a winter
garden, by the Lord Lieutenant and the Countess St Germans.
Dec. 15. —A duel is fought between Mr. Soul^, Jr., son of the American Myi-
ister to Spain, and the Duke of Alba, near the Prado, Madrid, without either
pwty being materially injured.
Dec. 15. — There is a large fall of snow at Vienna, a very unusual occurrence
so early in the season.
Dec. 15. — A fine new church, built for the Waldenses, is opened and conse-
crated, with imposing ceremonies, at Turin.
Dec. 17. — The Irish coasts are visited with a very severe hurricane, causing
great damage to shipping, and also loss of life.
Dec. 18. — A Divan is held to discuss the collective note of the Four Powers.
After a full discussion, it is resolved to accept the note, and renew negotiations,
subject to certain conditions.
Dec. 18.— A duel is fought between Mr. Soul6, the American Minister to
Spain, and M. de Turgot. The latter gentleman is badlv wounded in the thigh.
Dec. 18. — A shock of an earth<|uake is felt at Memphis, Tenn.
Dee. 22. — A violent gale prevails at Halifax, sinking a large number of vessels
at the wharves.
Dec. 22. — The Pope, in person, confers scarlet hats upon two new Cardinals,
Brunelli and Pecci.
Dec. 27. — A large mob of armed men tear up the railroad track at Harbor
Creek, near Erie, where it had just been relaia. The Mayor, the Sheriff, and
militia of the County, arrive on tne spot, take possession of the track, and drive
away the laborers.
Dec. 27. — The mammoth clipper " Great Republic " is destroyed by fire, nt her
wharf, in New York city, together witli the packet ship Joseph Walker^ the clipper
ships Red Rover, Whirlwind, White Squall, and five large flour warehousai.
Dec. 28.— A very severe snow-storm commences, continuing for Lhirty-nitj^
hours, extending over the New England States, and causing great interruption im
business and travel.
Dec. 28. — The extension of the South Wales Railway, from Carmarthen ^
Haverfordwest, is inaugurated, and speeches are made by Lord Evelyn and othe
members of Parliament, the greatest enthusiasm prevailing.
Dec. 29. — A terrible gale prevails at Cape Cod. Many vesseUi are s^vaiisped^l
with all on board, and more than one hundred are driven ashore. I
Dec. 30. — The ship Staffordshire, Capt. Richardson, from Liverpool for Ba«-J
ton, strikes on Blande Rock, south of Seal Island, and soon sinks, carry ini^ dowd^
with her the captain and one hundred and seventy-seven of the passes gtf 9 a ad
crew.
1864.
Jan. 1. — A terrible fire occurs at Constantinople, destroying four ht^ridre^
houses, amons them those of the Greek Patriarch and the Patriarch of Jprur^akeioi
Jan. 2. — The authorities of Glasgow, headed by the Lord Provoslj lyrmEiili
open the Victoria Bridge.
Jan. 3. — There is a great fall of snow in England, causing very serious inie^
ruption to travel on the railroads, and in the metropolis.
Jan. 4. — Albion College, at Albion, Michigan, is totalhr destroyed by Are.
Jan. 5. — The steamer San Francisco, bound for San Francisco, Cal* , wilh 1
S. troops on board, founders at sea, having been much disabled in tho pie {
Decenoer 2Sd. The gale contipues with more or less violence until the 31a '
94$ CBBONIOLB OF XVEVTS FOB 1854. [1856.
Deeember, dviing which time two huiidrad and fort^ of the MTeM handred haman
beingi on board are swept from the decka, and penth in the sea, among them
Col. John M. Washington, Major George Taylor, Capt. H. B. Field, and Lieut.
R. H. Smith. The rest are reaoued by the ship Three Bella, the barque Kilby,
and the Antarctic.
Jan. 6. — The Roaaiana are defeated at Citale, near Kalafat, with a loaa of
2,500 men.
Jan. 8. — Metropolitan Hall and the Lafarse Hotel, two of the finest buildings
in New York City, are totally destroyed by fire.
Jan. 8. — The Custom Honae at Portland, Me. is entirely destroyed: also a
fine coUeetion of natural history, and the valuable Law Library of Judge Ware.
Jan. 9.<— The Astor Library, in New York city, is opened for the admiaaion qf
Tisitors, and the use of the public.
Jan. 12. .-^A Yiolent snow-storm preTsils in the State of Illinois, causing great
obstruction to travel. A train of cars, containing one hundred and fifty paasen*
cers, is stopped by a huge snow-drift at Grand Prairie, and can make no progreaa
for thirty-six hours. The passengers suffer severely from cold and huncer.
Jan. 13. — A terrible earthquake occura at Finana, in Spain, crumbltn|r down
the greatest part of the Alcasaba, an ancient castle of the Moors, breaking
houses to pieces, causing large chasms id nearly all the streets, and destroying
several of the inhabitants.
Jan. 17. — Two railroad bridges, and the crossings at High Street and French
Creek, at Erie, are demolished by a mob of women, who are aflerwards escorted
through the town, headed by a band of music, hearing banners inscribed ** six
feet or four feet eight and a half inches," — those being the railroad gnages for
which they contend.
Jan. 18.— > William Walker proclaims the republic of Sonora, and by a second
decree of this date divides it into two states, Sonora and Lower California.
Jan. 20. — A fierce tornado occurs in the State of Ohio, extending about half
a mile in width, demolishing everything it eneounters, and almost entirely de-
stroying the town of Brandon.
Jan. zl.-~TheTayleur. a magnificent vessel of the White Star line, bound
for Melbourne, is wrecked on Lambay Island, on the Irish coast, and three hun-
dred and seventy persons are drowned.
Jan. 23. — The combined fleets return to the Bosphoms.
Jan. 28. — A factory, for the manufacture of ball cartridgea, blows up, with a
terrible explosion, at Ravenswood, L. I., killing in a ahocking manner about
twenty of tne workmen, and destroying fifty thousand ball cartricQies, — throwing
the balls in every direction.
Jan. 28.— The steamer Georgia, from Montgomer}^, Ala., containing two hun-
dred passengers, and one thousand bales of cotton, is destroyed by fire at New
Orleana, and sixty of her passengers perish in the flames, or by drowning.
Jan. 31. — The opening of Parliament takes place, the Queen delivering her
speech in person, alluding to the Eastern difficulties, and expreasing a ^sire
4nat exertions for an amicaole settlement should be persevered in.
Jan. 31. —The railroad track at Erie is again torn up by a furious mob.
Feb. 1. — The splendid Parliament House, and buildings adjoining, at Quebec,
including the fine Government Library and philoaophical apparatus, are destroyed
by fire.
Feb. 4.-- Eight steamboats, the Charles, Baltimore, Natches, Leach, Lima,
Mohe^n, Saxon, and Grand Turk, are totally destroyed by fire at New Orieans,
and thirty-seven persons perish in the flames.
Feb. 16. — The boiler of the Kate Kearny burste, while at her wharf, at Louis-
ville, Ky., killing and wounding a large number of people.
Fbb. 20. — The most violent snow-storm that has occurred since 1831 com-
mences at Washington, and extends over the Middle and New England States.
Feb. 23. — A mass meeting, composed of the most respectable citizena of Bos-
ton, is held in Faneuil Hall, to remonstrate against the violation of the Missouri
Compromise and the passage of the Nebraska Bill.
Feb. 24. — Two men fall from the suspension bridge across Niagara Falls, two
hundred and forty feet high, and are dashed to pieces.
Feb. 26. — The gallery of the French Opera House, at New Orleans, La., falls
during the performance (Sunday night), carryinjf away the second tier, killing
three persons, and badly wounding fifty-six. The house is crowded, end the
occupants of the galleries, mostly ladies, are precipiuted into the parquette.
1855.] OHBOKICLE OF EVENTS FOR 1854. 847
Feb. 96, —Three shecks of an earthquake are felt at Manebeater, Clay Conntj
Ky. The firat two ahocka are very aevere, ahakiog the housea ▼iolently, and
creating great consternation among the inhabitanta.
Feb. 27. — A large and enthusiaatic meeting of the opponents of the Nebraska
Bill ia held at New Market, N. H.
Feb. 28. — The ahock of an earthqaake ia felt at Lexington, Ky., extending
into the sarrounding country, and accompanied by a loud, roaring noiae.
Feb. 28. — The American ateamer ** Black Warrior" ia aeized by the Cnban
aothorittea at Havana.
March 1. — A great.fire occnra at Mancheater, Eng., destrojMng mncb property.
March 1.— The ateamahip City of Glaasow leavea Liverfiool, Eng., (or Phila-
delphia, Pa., with more than three handred paaaengera, and ia not heard of np to
date of December 10th.
March S. — A larce and new ateam-boiler, in the extensWe car factory of Falea
& Gray^ at Hartford, Conn., bursta with great violence, tearing Apurt powerful
machinery, and ahattering the building, ao that the immenae roor falla in upon
the workmen, inatantjy killing aixteen, and badly wounding many othera.
March 5.-- A fight takea place between a detachment of twenty-aix men
«nder the eommand of Lieut. D. Bell, of the 2d dragoons, and a party of Jicarilla
Apache Indiana. The loaa of the U. S. troops ia two killed and four wounded,
that of the Indiana nine killed and twenty-one wounded. The celebrated
Apache chief, Loboa, ia among the killed.
March 6.-— The ateamboat Caroline, running between Louiaville and Mem-
phia, ia burnt at the mouth of the White River, and forty five persona perish.
March 6. — Several persona enter by night the shed attached to the Washing-
ton Monument, seize, carry away, and break to piecea a block of marble sent
from Rome, by the Pontin, aa a tribate to the memory of Washington. The
block originally atood in the Temple of Concord, at Rome, was three feet long,
eiffhteen inchea high, and ten inches thick, and of a very beantilbl texture.
March II.— -Queen Victoria reviewa the naval fleet, under command of Sir
Cbarlea Napier, at Portamouth, previoua to ita departure for the Baltic.
. March IS. — A convention ia concluded and signed between England, France,
and the Porte.
March 13. — Judge Shaw gives the opinion of the Supreme Court of Maaaa-
chuaetta, deciding Uiat the aections of the ** Maine Liquor Law " authorizing the
seizure and destruction of liquor, are anconatitutional.
March 14.— The ateamer Reindeer bursta a flue at Cannelton, Indiana, and
fifbr peraons are killed or wounded.
March 14. — Senator Everett presents to the United Statea Senate the memo-
rial of the 3fi00 clergymen of dinerent religiona denominationa in New England,
in which they aolemnly protest againat the passage of the Nebraska Bill.
March 18. — A terrible sale prevaila at Albany, N. Y. Fifty houses are un-
roofed, many cbimneya and walla blown down, and great damase ia done. *
March 20.— Two aevere ahocka of an earthquake are felt at Macon, Ga.
March 23. — A TntHtr ia concluded between the Emperor of Japan and Com-
modore Perry, of the United States Squadron, which waa aent there for the pur-
pose of openmg commercial intercourse between Japan and the United Statea.
March 27.— Major C. H. Lamed and eight men are drowned, by the upaetting
of the government boat of Fort Steilacoom, in Pnget Sound, near Fort Madiaon.
March28. — War .is formally declared againat Ruasia, by Great Britain and
France, to take effect on the 30th of AprU.
March 3D.— A fight takea p.ace twelve miles from Loar, between a company
of sixty dragoona, commanoed by Lieut. J. W. Davidaon, 1st dragoona, and a
party of nearly three hundred Jicarilla Apache and Utah Indiana. The aoldiera
wmUBn severely, losing twenty-one killed, and eighteen wounded. The Indian
loss ia unknown, but supposed to be great
March 31.— A '^ strike," on a grand scale, occurs at Barcelona, Spain. The
artiaana, to the number offiHeea Uionaand persons, proceed to the Municipality,
and demand that the price of provisions shall be reduced, and wagea increaaed.
March 31. — Gen. Uanrobert, and more than a thouaand French troops, land at
Gallipoli.
April 7. —All Engliah and French veaaela, at Odessa, are ordered out of port.
April 8. — Ao explosion occurs on the steamboat Gazelle, at Canemah, Oregon,
teanog the boat to pieces, killing twenty-one persons, and wounding many others*
$48 CHBOmCLS OJr BTEHTS FOB l$6i. [1855.
A|iril9.— The OangM Canal, a work of vaat macnitwie, ia opened by the
Lieoteoaot-Gof eroor of Agra, with great ceremony and a diaplay or troops.
April 8. -» A fire occnrs at Salonica, destroying 600 housea and warefaooaea.
April 9. — English and French veaaela of war, on the coast of Thesaaly, have
orders to search all Tesaels suspected of having munitions of war on board, and
■eiae them when found with thoae articlea aboard.
April 11.— The new college boildlng of the Indiana University, containing a
libimiy of tweaty-aeven hundred volumea, ia totally deatroyed by fire.
April U.— The Emperor Nicholas issues a manifesto to all hia Ruaaiaa aub-
Jeeta, stating the object of the war with Turkey and the Allied Powers.
April IS.— A mnd review of 18,000 infantry and 7,000 cavalry takea place in
the Champ de Mara, in honor of the Duke of Cambridge, Lord Raglan, Lord
Roaa, and a numerous suite.
April 12. — The French squadron, under Admiral Parseval-Deach^nes, saila
from Breat, to join the Britiah fleet in the Baltic.
April 16.— The ateamboat Secretary, while crossing San Pablo Bay, on her
way from San Francisco to Petaluma,bar8ts her boiler, the boat ia torn to piecea,
the passengers blown into the sea, and more than fifty persons perish.
April 16. — The city of San Salvador is totally destroyed by an earthquake,
cauain^ the loss, in less than one minute, of more than two hundred Uvea, and
four miUiona worth of property.
April 16.— The ship Powhatan, from Havre for New York, having on board
311 emigranta, goea aabore ia a gale, on Long Beach, aeven milea north of Egg
Harbor Light, is totally wrecked, and not a ain^le passenger is saved.
April 17. — The Winchester, an emigrant ahip, from Liverpool for Boaton, ia
wrecked, and a large number of passengers lost.
April 17. — A dreadful riot occurs at Saginaw, Mich. ; some three hundred
armed men attempting to burn the jail at that place, and reacue aome priaonere.
The Sheriff and othera are killed, while endeavoring to quell the disturbance.
April 20.— Miss Diz's Bill, granting ten million acres of public land, to be
distributed amone the States, to ameliorate the condition of the indigent insane,
is vetoed by the President.
Apnl 20. — An offensive and defensive alliance between Austria and Praaaia
ia aigaed by Baron Manteuffel for the latter, and Baron Hess and Count Thorn for
the former.
April 22. — Odessa is bombarded by the allied fleeta, and in ten hours a large
part of the city ia laid in ruina.
April 23. — A terrible tornado occurs in Burmah^ aweeping over aeveral
hundred miles of country, and cauaing great loss of life on the Irrawaddy.
April 2d. — The alaves of Venesuela become free men, by virtue of an act
previously paaaed for their emancipation.
April 23. — Fifteen firemen loae their lives by the sudden fall of a large atore
in Broadway, N. Y., opposite the Park, while in the discfaaive of their duty.
April 26. — A day or humiliation is observed throughout E^ngland, divine aervice
is performed in all the places of public worship, and collections are taken for the
benefit of the wivea and children of the aoldiers engaged in the war of the flaat.
April 27 — Matthew F. Ward, on trial for the murder of Professor Butler, at
Louisville, Ky., is acquitted of the charge by the jury, at Elizabethtown, Ky.
April 28. —The American barque Hespar, from Charleston, S. C, for Antwerp,
cornea in collision with the Bremen barque Favorite, from Bremen for Baltimore,
Md*, with one hundred and ei^ty passengers. The Favorite sinks soon after the
collision, and all on board pensh.
April 29. — Great excitement prevails at Louisville, Ky., in consequence of
the acquittal of Matthew F. Ward. A large mob proceed to the residence of
R. J. Ward, the father of Matthew, where they bum in effigy Matthew and hia
brother Robert, so near to the front door, that the houae is set on fire. A meet-
ing is also held, at which reaolutions are paaaed, requesting the immediate resig-
nation of their public stations by two of tne gentlemen'who defended Ward, one
of whom was the Hon. J. J. Crittenden, recently elected United SUtea Senator
from Kentucky, and also requesting the Wards to leave the Stote.
April 30. — The first railway ia opened in Brazil, the Emperor and Empreaa
being present at the inauguration.
Ma;r 1. — The Mercedes, a Peruvian ahip of war, strikes a rock near Callao,
and sinks, carrying down 820 men, 731 of whom perish.
May 1. — The water in the Connecticut River, at Hartford, Conn., is twenty.
1855.] CHBONICLE OF EVENTS FOR 1854. 849
nine and a half feet above low-water mark, being two ami a half feet higher than
during the great flood of 1801. Hundreds of persons are driven from their dwell-
ings, and several persons drowned. The freshet and the flood proceed through
the whole valley of the Connecticut
May 7. — A not occurs at Chelsea, Mass., resulting fh>ro the preacbinff of Orr,
the self-styled ** Angel Gabriel." There is a severe conflict between the Irish
and Americans, the latter driving the former from the ground, attacking the
Catholic church, and doing much damage. The disturbance is suppressed by
the aid of the militanr.
May 7. — The gallery of the Catholic church at Erie, Pa., falls, crashing the
people below, and killing and^ wounding several persons.
May 8. — A grand banquet is given by the Sultan in honor of Prince Napoleon.
May 9. — An imperial ukase in Russia calls out nine men out of every thou-
sand souls of the ** eleventh ordinary partial levy in the eastern portion of the
Edipire," and, independently of this, three recruits out of every tnousand sonla
to bring up arrears, the Jews furnishing ten men out of a thousand.
Ma^ 11. — The packet Pike, (torn St. Louis for Louisville, strikes a ssag, and
sinks m a few moments, with a loss of about fifty passengers.
May 12. — The English vessel Tieer, mounting 16 guns, is captured, near
Odessa, by the Russians, and two hundred and twenty-six persons taken prisoners.
May 18. -~ An anti-Nebraska meeting, of ten thousand persons, in the Park at
New York. Addresses are delivered by distinguished Wnies and Democrats.
May 13. — The '' Royal Albert " is launched at Woolwich, amidst the firing of
cannon and the cheers of an immense multitude, Queen Victoria christening the
noble vessel.
May 14. — Several shocks of earthquake are felt in the country between
Florence and Rome, in Italy, causing great consternation among the inhabitants.
May 15. — The ship Townsend, on her passage from Boston to San Francisco,
is destroyed by fire, and several of her crew perish in the flames.
May 15. — A frightful accident occurs at the Black Heath coal-mines, in Ches-
terfield county, Virginia, about twelve miles from Richmond. The gas in the
mines ignites, and an explosion takes place, instantly killing twenty-two of the
twenty-three laborers at work in them.
May 16. — Terrible tornadoes, causing a great amount of damage, occur in
Alabama, Missouri, and Illinois.
May .19. — A violent hurricane occurs at Mexico, doing much damage.
May 22. — The railway running between Susa and Turin is inaugurated, in
the presence of the King and Queen of Sardinia, the ministers of the crown, and
an immense concourse of people.
May 22. — A severe shock of an earthquake is felt at Florence, Tuly.
May 26. — The Nebraska Bill is finally passed by the Senate, by n vcAb of 35
to 13, twelve members being absent, and two vacancies existing, and h approvetl
by the President, May 30th.
May 26. — A large number of persons in Boston, Mass., excited bv inflaoi^
matory speeches at Faneuil Hall, attack the Court-House, and attempt ia reveae
Anthony Burns, who is under arrest as a fugitive from labor. In the airmy, Jame*
Batchelder, a special assistant of the United States Marshal, is killed^ The cruwd
soon disperses without effSecting their object.
May 28. — A riot occurs in the Park, New York, between a party of Cathdllca
and the friends of a street preacher, and several persons are badly woimded.
May SO. — Three Englisn steamers destroy the ships, dockyards, und starett c£
Brahestadt, in the North of the Gulf of Bothnia.
May SO. — The Turks make a sortie from Silistria, and kill Ihrc^ thoovaaui
Russians in the trenches.
May 31. — Three English steamers capture several Russian mercbant-vesaela
oflT Uleaborg.
May 31. — Three large wagons, loaded with 11,250 lbs. of powdar, blow trp H
the streets of Wilmington, Del., killing several persons, and iMidly inj urtng seveii^*
five houses in the vicinity.
May 31. — The English transport Europe, having on board a detach mf?nt of the
sixth dragoons, totally destroyea by fire, opposite Brest, and twenty -dne hvim ]6»t
June 1. — The cholera prevails in many places. The number of denihtfrom
that disease up to Nov. 6, in New York, is 2,426 ; in Philadelphia, fi75 i in Bq
2fi5}inPittoburg,600. » » > f i >
30
ij
i
$60 caaomoLK cm xyshts fob 18M. (1855.
JwM l.«— F«iir Eiglask rtwew dattroj tb« ■UfM, doekjFaidt, and storat at
Ulaaborg.
JoM £«*ABlh(M^ Boma, ha^iiiff been declared by the Comaiiationer to be a
Ibgitive from labor, la condacted from the Coart^Hoaae, BoatoB, Maaa., to the
f eveoBa eaCter Morria, by omm bandrad and fifty anned citiaena, in the employ
of the United Slatea Marahal, and by a company of BMrinea from the DavT-yard,
and of United Slatea troopa fh>m Fort Independence, with a nine-ponna neld-
piece, wbom the Mardial had called out to hia aaaiatance. The atreeta are
kept clear by a large body of the Tolanteer militia in Boaion, who had been
called oot by Mayor Smith, in anticipation of a thieatened distorbance. No
aeriooa outbreak occnra, though crowds throng the atreeta, and hoot and hin
and groan, and throw miatilea at the military, and at Marabal Freeman and his
aaaistants. The cutter sails at once for Norfolk, Va., to deliver Antho.ny to his
alleged neater, Mr. Snttle of Virginia.
• June 4. — A riot occurs at Brooklyn, N. Y., between the advocates of atreet
preaching and the Catholica. Many persons are killed and wounded, and quiet
la only reatored by the aid of the military. •
June 5. — A large elephant attached to a menagerie, while going from Prov-
idence, R. I. to Fall River, Msaa., breaka loose from hia keeper, and before he
can be captured, attache all the carriagea he encounters on the road, killing the
horses, tearing the wagons to pieces, and aeverely injuring several persons.
June 9. ^The £mperor and fimpresa of France attend the first Agricultural
£ihibitioB ever held in Paria.
June 10. — The Crystal Palace at Sydenham is opened bv Qpieen Victoria.
The length of the building is 1,606 feet ; central transept, 384; othera, 336 feet.
40,000 peraona were preaent
Jooe II.— Another riot occurs at Brooklyn, N. V., the result of street-
preaching,— aeveral persona are badly wounded.
June 14.— A great fire occurs in Worcester, Maas., destroying property to
the amount of half a million tif dollars, and throwing one thousand mechanics
out of employment
June 16.^ The Turks make a sortie from Silistria, cause a complete defeat of
the Russians, force them to recross the Danube in all baste, take several stand-
arda and a great quantity of bag(|age. Five Ruaaian generals are killed or badly
wounded, and the siege of Silistria is raised.
June 21. —The Bomarsund, a stronghold in the Aland Islands, is bombarded
by the Hecla, Valorous, and Odin, the batteries dismounted and the magazinea
aet on fire.
June 23. — A terrible hurricane occurs at Manteno, lUinob, extending from
six to eight miles in width, prostraUns many houses, and causing much damage.
June 28. — A military insurrection breaks out in Spain.
July 4. — A collision occurs on the Susquehanna Railroad, near Baltimore,
hj which thirty persons are killed, and a laree number badly wounded.
Jnlv 5. — The National Theatre, Chinese Museum, and several stores, in Phil-
adelphia, Pa., are conaumed.
July 7. — In a combat at Giurgevo, the Turks defeat the Russians, and drive
them from their position, with a loss in the conflict of 1,700 killed and wounded.
July 12. — The Emperor of France reviews a division of trcK>ps, 9,300 strong,
near Boulogne, previous to their embarkation for the Baltic Sea.
July 13.— The American sloop of war Cyane, CapU Hollina, bombards San
Juan, and a party landing from the sloop burns the entire town, with the excep-
tion of one or two small buildings. A demand had previously been made upon
the authorities, by Capt. Hollins, for satisfaction for alleged injuries, but without
effect. A considerable portion of the propertv destroyed is said to belong to
Americans. One Englian vessel of war in the harbor protesta against the act.
July 13. — The battle of Guaymas is fought, between some Frenchmen, under
Count Elaousset de Bonlbon, and the Mexicans, under General Yafiez. The
Count is defeated, taken prisoner, and* Aug. 12, is shot.
July 13. — A riot occurs at Buffalo, N. %-, the result of street-preaching.
July 15. — The French troops embark at Calais, for the Baltic.
July 16. — This day is observed at Bombay, and all over India, as a day of
humiliation and prayer for the success of the British arms, by tha nativea, as
well as the Europeans.
July 17. — The American Steamer Franklin, from Cowes, for New York, goes
1865.] GHBOmCXB OF BYXNTB FOB 1854. 851
•shore oa Long IsUnd Beach. The bmBi end pMeeagen are aafe] y landed, bat
the steamer is loat
July 17.— An inaorfection hceaka ootat Madrid, and the people erect barri-
cedes over aliparta of the city.
Jaly 17. — The first party sent OBt under the auspices of the Massachusetts
Emigrant Aid Society leave Boston for the Territory of Kansas.
Jaly 18. — A fearful hurricane preyails at Davenport, Illinois, caoaing large
destruction of life and property.
July 19. — The insurrection at Madrid triumphs, and the Rivas Ministry resign.
July 2^ — A new planet is discovered by Mr. Hind, from the Observatory at
Resent's Park, London.
^ly 24. — The American fishing vessel, Ellen Morrill, is captured and carried
into Bathurst by an English cruiser.
July 27. — Cholera breaks out in the Massachusetts State Prison^ at Charles-
town. Over seventy conviets are attacked, but only one dies.
July 29. — Espartero enters Madrid, and is received with great enthusiasm.
July 30. — A very destructive fire occurs at Jersey City, N. J., destroying
more than thirty factories and houses, and property to a luve amount.
July SI.— The defenders of the barricades at Madrid, three thoosand in
nnmtier, defile before the Queen's palace, her Majesty appearing on the balcony
with the King on one side and Espartero on the other.
Aug. 1. — The yellow fever becomes epidemic in New Orleans. The number
of deaths up to Nov. 12, when it disappears, is 2,441. In Savannah there are
600 deaths from the same disease.
Aug. 3. — Col. Loring, a Receiver of Public Moneys at Benicia. Cal., is mur-
deredat the St. Nicholas Hotel, N. Y., by Dr. Graham of New Orleans.
Aug. 4 — *A severe battle takes place between the Chippewa and Sioux Indians.
Aug. 4. — President Pierce vetoes the River and Harbor Bill.
Aug. 7. — A severe and bloody riot occurs at St. Louis, Mo., between the Irish
and Americans, continuing for forty>eight hours, and resulting in the death often
persons and the severe injury of thirty more.
Aug. 7. — The Turks enter Bucharest, evacuated by the Russians.
Aug. 10. — At Innspruck, the king of Saxony is killed from a fracture of the
skull, sustained by being thrown from his carriage.
Aug. 10. — A great fire occurs at Varna, consuming one hundred and eighty
houses, and destroying vast quantities of stores belonging to the allied army.
Aug. 10. — A violent tornado sweeps along the track of the Cleveland and
Pittsburg Railroad, between Bedford and Macedonia, covering the trnok wLih
large uprooted trees, and causing great obstruction to the trains upon the roctd.
Aug. 13. — A powder magazine, at Marysville, Ky., containing eight liunclreil
kegs of powder, is fired, and the explosion causes the entire destruction of thir-
teen houses, involving a large loss of property.
Aug. 16. — The evacuation of the rrincipalities by the Russians conlinuei.
Aug. 16. — The Russians blow up the fortifications at Hango, io i^iglu oP'th^
Allied Fleets.
Aug. 16 — The final conquest of the Bomarsund forts, situated on iha largest
of the Aland Islands, accompanied by the capture of two thousand Hu?»)ian pm*
oners, is accomplished by the Allied Fleets in the Baltic.
Aug. 18. — The Austrian troops receive orders to enter Wallachii hihI cnru*
mence crossing the frontier at Turnu-Severin.
Aug. 19. — Grisi and Mario, the two most renowned lyric artista of theOM
World, arrive at New York.
Aug. 24 •'—Captain HoUins, of the Cyane, is arrested in New Ynr^. st eho
suit of Calvin Durand, for the destruction of his property at Grey town . DamAifeB
laid at If lO/XX). r I- / s
Aug. 2d.— Omar Pacha enters Bucharest with 25,000 men and thirty t^uAQ.
Aug. 25. — The town of Daroariscotta, Me., is almost entirely titt^iroy^dbf
fire, involving a large loss of property.
Aug. 25. — A very destructive fire visits the city of Troy, N. 7., cQiitmning
more than one hunored houses and manufactories.
Aug. 25 — A great conflagration occurs at Milwaukee, Wis., deptrrpylrtg n enn.
siderable portion of the town.
Aug. 27. — A terrific tornado visits the city of Louisville, Ky., bluwjng (3»wti
and unroofing a large number of buildings. The Fourth Presbyterian Chuf^h ti
1
85S ADDinOKS AND OOBRBOTIONg. [1856.
denoliihad, aad, iUliiiff vpon the congngitioii while at woraliip, twteoty-five
penoM M« instantly killea, and aizty-aeven more seriously injured.
Aog. S8.-^I>ofia Maria Christina, the qoeen mother, leaTes Madrid for Portu-
gal, under escort of a body of goTemmeni troops, but against the will of the peo-
ple. She was indehted to the state 71/N)0,000 reals.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
Page 00. — S. P. Bell is Machinist in the Patent-Office.
Page 92. — Jacob Sorber is Postmaster at Wilkesbarre, Pa. ; Thomas M.
Pecuea, at Camden, S.C. ; and Fairman F. Taber, at Natchitoches, La.
Page 95.— Jacob C. Martin is Receiver at Little Rock, Ark., nUe B. F.
Danley.
Page 99. Albert Greenleaf is Navy Pension Agent at Washington, D. C, '
vies A. G. Allen.
Page 116. —James B. Bowlin ia Minister Resident in New Granada, vtee
James 8. Green.
Pace 117. — George B. Merwin ia Consul at Valparaiso, vice Reuben
Wood ; John Priest, at San Juan del Sud, vice I«oomis L. White.
Page 181. — David S. Reid ia elected Senator from North Carolina.
Pa«e8l82-186. — Edmundson is from the 12th District of Virginia;
Letcher from the 9th ; Zedekiah Kidwell from the 10th ; and Lewis from
the 11th, vice Snodgrass, deceased. Nathaniel G. Taylor is the member
from the 1st District of Tennessee, and F. M. Bristow from the 3d District
of Kentucky. Columbia Lancaster is the Delegate from Washington Ter-
ritory, and J. W. Whitfield from Kansas.
Page 192. — The time of meeting of the Rhode Island Legialature at
Providence is the last Tuesday in May, and at Newport by adjournment
from Providence. The Legialature of Florida now meets on tne 4th Monday
in November. ^ The latest and present capital of California is Sacramento,
and not Benicia.
Page 193. — Edward J. Steptoe is Governor of Utah, vice Brigham Young,
and Mark W. Izard ia Governor of Nebraska, vice Lacompte.
Page 231. — George Marston is Judce of Probate for Barnstable, vice
Nymphas Marston, and Simeon N. Small is Register.
Page 267. — S. J. Persons is Judge of the Superior Court of North Caro-
lina, vice Thomas Settle. Romulus M. Saunders hss resigned his judgeship.
Page 268. — James H. Adams, of Richland District, is Governor of South
CaroRna, and R. de Treville, of Beaufort, is Lieutenant-Governor.
Page 288. — Grant Green is Secretary of State of Kentucky, salary
$1,0$); Andrew M'Kinley is Register or the Land-Office ; Edward Hens-
ley is Librarian ; the residence of John D. Matthews is Lexington, and his
salary $ 1,000. The pay of the clerks of the Senate and House is $ 10 per
day. Thomas M. Marshall is Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals, and
Henry F. Stites, of Hopkinsville, is Judge, and the salary of the judges of
this court is $2,000 eacn. The salary of the Chancellor of Louisville Court
and of the Judges of the Circuit Court is $ 1,800 each. Collins D. Bradley,
of Cadiz, is Judge of the 2d Circuit, vice Stites, made Judge of the Court of
Appeals.
Page 307. — S. G. McAchran, of Davis Co., is President of the Senate of
Iowa, and Philip P. Bradley, Secretary ; P. G. Bryan, of Warren, is Speak-
er of the House, and Carpenter, of Linn Co., is Clerk.
Page 311. — Charles H. Bryan, of Marysville, is appointed Judge of the
Supreme Court of California, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of
Judge Wells. ^
J
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