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55"
THE
america:n almanac
AND
REPOSITORY
i
OF
•
USEFUL knowledge:,
FOR THE YEAR
'
1889.
1
BOSTON:
PUBLISHED BY CHARLE S BO WEN.
NEW YORK: COLLINS, KEESE, AND COMPANY.
PHILADELPHIA: THOMAS, COWPERTHWAIT, AND COMPANY.
CINCINNATI: JOSIAH DRAKE,
RALEIGH, N. C: TURNER AND HUGHES.
■
LONDON: R, J. KENNETT.
Lmm
■^
i «^
7
1
THE
AMERICAN ALMANAC
REPOSITORY
OF
USEFUL KNOWLEDGE,
FOR THE YEAR
1839.
BOSTON:
PUBLISHED BY CHARLES BOWEN.
/ 7/7 \^
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1838,
By Charlks Bowen,
ia the Clerk's office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.
CAMBRIDGE:
FOLSOM, WELLS, AND THURSTOIf,
Printers to ilie University.
t.-*^"
^
: s
PREFACE
The first volume of the American Almanac was published ten
J^ears since, for the year 1830; and the one now offered to the
^ public is the 10th in the series. The work was commenced as a
^ doubtful experiment; and, although it has received a good share of
the public favor, yet, when the labor and expense of preparing and
publishing it are taken into consideration, its success, in a pecu-
^niary point of vievr, has not been great. But if our labors have
^been less lucrative than we could reasonably wish, we have, never-
S-theless, been gratified by the approbation that has been manifested
in relation to them ; and we trust we may be permitted to cherish
the feeling that they have been, in some measure, conducive to the
\ public advantage.
As a large part of the contents of the volumes is of permanent
fc/'Value, it has been thought advisable to add to the 10th a General
Index for the whole of this series, of such matters as are not
common to all or most of the volumes ; and those purchasers who
have been careful to preserve their copies will, we doubt not, find
^the Index a convenient appendage. Should the work be continued
STor many years to come, it may probably be found expedient to add
a similar Index to every tenth volume.
The opinion, we believe, prevails pretty extensively, that the
""American Almanac, or some similar work, is needed ; and it is to
be hoped that the public patronage will be so far extended to it,
as to prevent its discontinuance. Should it be published for
a long course of years, and be conducted with sufiicient care,
judgment, and ability, the series of volumes will form a " Repos-
itory of Useful Knowledge," of permanent value for constant
iv PREFACE.
reference, with respect to contemporary history and statistics, and
will furnish a fund of information relating to the movements and
progress of society, and on a great variety of interesting topics.
The importance of statistical knowledge is now extensively felt
in all civilized countries, and by all enlightened governments. In
our own country much less has been done to advance it, whether
by the National Government or by the State Governments, than
might reasonably have been expected ; and, till more is done by
them in relation to it, it must necessarily continue among us in a
backward state. We cannot but hope, that, before long, it will
receive, from those who have the management of public affairs, an
attention more in accordance with its importance.
We again avail ourselves of the opportunity of expressing our
grateful acknowledgments to our correspondents for their kindness
in forwarding information, and respectfully solicit a continuance of
their favors.
Cambridge, Massachusetts,
September Qth, 1838.
CONTENTS.
PART I.
Calendar and Celestial Phenomena for the Year 1839.
Celestial Phenomena, Signs, &c. .
Chronological Cycles
Signs of the Zodiac
Beginning and Length of the Seasons
Movable Festivals ; Jewish Calendar
Mahometan Calendar
Height of the Greatest Tides
Tide Table
CALENDAR, January, Sec. .
Eclipses of the Sun ....
Occultations in 1839
Eclipses of the Satellites of Jupiter .
Page
3
4
4
4
5
6
6
8
10
34
35
37
Page
Ephemeris of Gambart's Comet . . 37
Position and Magnitude of Saturn's Rings 39
Table of the Moon's Apparent Disc . 40
Table showing the Illuminated Portion
of the Discs of Venus and Mars . 40
Latitude and Longitude of Places, U. S, 41
Increase of Sidereal Time, &c. . 44
Ephemeris of the Sun . ... 45
True Apparent Places of 35 Fixed Stars 51
Dr. Young's Refractions . . .58
Table of the Sun's Parallax in Altitude 59
Table of Semi-diurnal Arcs in U.S. . 60
PART II.
Miscellaneous Department.
1. The Calendar. — Julian and Gregorian
Year. Old and New Style. Time
of Commencing the Year . . 63
2, Expectation of Life, or Laws of
Mortality . . . . 65'
3. Publication of Books . . 69
4. Temperance, and the License Law of
Massachusetts . . . .74
5. Select Scraps .... 77
United States.
1.
Executive Government .
79
14.
2.
Congress
81
15.
3.
The Judiciary
86
16.
4.
Intercourse with Foreign Nations
90
17.
5.
Army List ....
96
18.
6.
Militia
97
19.
7.
Navy List ....
98
20.
8,
Mint
100
21.
9.
Public Lands ....
101
22.
10,
Annual Expenditure .
102
23.
11.
Post Olfice Establishment .
, 103
24.
12.
Commerce
105
25.
13.
Indian Tribes
. 112
Statistics of Sheep and Wool . 113
Banks 115
Currency and Exchange . . 117
State Elections, &c. . . .121
Governors of States and Territories 122
Population of the United States . 123
Slaves in ilie United States . 123
Colleges 124
Medical Schools ... 128
Theological Schools . . .129
Law Schools .... 129
Religious Denominations . . 130
Meteorological Information.
1. Meteorological Table for Brunswick 133
2. Table for Concord . . . 133
3. Table for Dartmouth College . . 134
4. Tables for Dover .... 134
5. Table relating to Savannah . . 136
6. Tables for Key West . _ . . 137
a*
7. Table for Indian Key .
8. Table for Santa Cruz
9. Table for Charlottesville
10. Annual Quantity of Rain
11. Flowering of Fruit Trees
138
138
139
139
140
VI
CONTENTS.
IwDiTiDUAL States.
1. Maine .
2. New Hampshire
3. Vermont
4. Massuchusetta
5. Rhode Island
6. Connecticut
7. New York .
8. New Jersey
9. Pennsylvania
10. Delaware .
11. Maryland
12. Virginia
13. North Carolina
14. South Carolina
15. Georgia .
Page
141 1^. Alabama
142 17. Mississippi
144 18. Louisiana .
145 19. Tennessee
150 20. Kentucky
151 21. Ohio .
152 22. Indiana .
157 23. Illinois
159,24. Missouri
165 125. Michigan .
165 26. Arkansas
J 68 27. District of Columbia
172 28. Florida Territory .
173 29. Wisconsin Territory
175 30. Iowa Territory «
Page
. 177
180
. 181
182
. J83
187
. 192
195
. 196
197
. 198
199
. 200
201
. 201
British North American Provinces
Texas
Mexico
Central America
British West Indies
203(Hayti 211
205 Spanish West Indies .... 212
206 French West Indies ... 213
207 Dutch, Danish, and Swedish West In-
2081 dies 213
South America.
1. New Grenada
2. Venezuela .
3. Equator .
4. Peru .
5. Bolivia .
2141 6.
Chili
219
216| 7.
La Plata, or Buenos Ayrcs .
. 220
216' 8.
Uruguay ....
221
2161 9.
Paraguay ....
. 221
217110.
Brazil • . . .
. 222
Europe.
Reigning Sovereigns of Europe .
States of Europe, Government, &c.
Population and Extent of (he Globe .
Population of Asiatic Slates .
Population of different parts of Africa
Sweden and Norway ....
Russia
Denmark
Belgium
Holland, or Netherlands
Great Britain .....
France
Prussia ... ...
Hanover
Saxony ......
224 Wurtemberg
225 Bavaria
226 Austria
226 Switzerland .
226 Spain
£27 Portugal
228 Sardinia .
229 Two Sicilies
230 Greece
231 Turkey
232 Foreign Obituary
252 American Obituary
256 Chronicle of Events
260 Additions and Corrections
261 General Index
262
262
263
263
2f)9
271
272
273
274
275
276
282
302
313
315
INDEX.
Judiciary ;
S.
judiciary
Africa
Ages of persons buried in England
Ages of persons who died in Pruss
Alabama government
Militia
Albert, Baron .
American Obituary
Annual expenditure, U
Antomarchi, Dr.
Argentine Republic
Arkansas Government
Army List
Asia, Countries of
Attwood, Th. .
Austria
Babington, Th.
Banks, U. S.
Bavaria .
Belgium
Bishops, U. S.
Bishops, England
Bland, Mrs.
Bolivia
Bond, J. L.
Books, Publication of
Borowlaski
Bolta, Charles .
Brazil
Bridges, Sir E. .
British Provinces
British West Indies
Buenos Ayres .
Calendar, Old and New Style. &c.
CALENDAR, January, &c. .
Calendar, Jewish
Calendar, Mahometan
Canada
Celestial Phenomena
Central America
Chili
Chronicle of Events .
Chronological Cycles
Colleges,
Columbia, District of — Judiciary
Commerce, U.S..
Connecticut — Government -. Judi-
ciary ; Militia
Congress, U. S.
Consuls, Foreign
Consuls, U. S
Courts, U. S. Times of holding .
Currency and Exchange
Damremont, Count,
Daniel, Wm
Delaware — Government 5 Judici
ary ; Militia ....
Denmark ....
Dumas, Count ....
Dutch West Indies
Eclipses of Jupiter's Satellites .
Eclipses of the Sun
Eldon, Earl ....
Page
. 226
67
a 68
177-179
279
. 282
102
. 281
220
. 198
96
. 226
281
. 363
279
. 115
363
. 230
131-2
, 251
280
. 217
279
. 69
277
. 277
222
. 278
203
. 208
220
. 63
10
5
6
. 203
3
, 207
219
. 302
4
, 124
. 199
103
151 - 152
81
92
91
88
117
279
277
165
229
279
213
37
34
230
Page
Elections, Time of ... . 121
Ephemeris of Gambart's Comet . 37
Ephemeris of the Sun ... 45
Equator 216
Europe 224
Exchange .... 117
Executive Government, U. S. . . 79
Expectation of Life ... 65
Expenditure, U. S. Government . 102
Exports, U. S. . . . 106-108
Festivals of the Church ... 5
Fixed Stfirs, True Apparent Places of 51
Florida — Government ; Judiciary . 200
Flowering of Fruit Trees . . 140
Foreign Obituary .... 376
France 352
French West Indies . . . .213
Gambart's Comet, Ephemeris of . 37
Georgia — Government ; Judicia-
ry ; Militia; Internal Improve-
ment 175-177
Globe, Population and Extent of . 226
Governors of Stales .... 122
Gregorian Year .... 63
Great Britain 232
Greece 274
Hanover 260
Hayti 211
Hirt, H. A 277
Holland 231
Hummel, John 279
Illinois — Government ; Judiciary ;
Militia 195,196
Imports, U.S 108,109
Increase of Sidereal Time . . 44
Indiana — Government ; Judiciary 5
Internal Improvement; Bank;
Militia 192,195
Indian Tribes 112
Intercourse with Foreign Nations . 90
Iowa — Government; Judiciary;
Census . . . . 201, 202
Jewish Calendar 5
Judiciary, U. S 86
Julian Year 63
Kentucky — Government; Judiciary;
Militia; Internal Improvement 183-187
La Plata ,,.... 220
Latitude and Longitude of Places, U. S. 41
Law Schools 129
Lawless, John .... 277
Legislatures, Meetings of . . . 121
License Law of Massachusetts . 74
Life, Expectation of . . . .65
Lloyd, B. - 279
Louis, Baron 277
Louisiana — Government ; Judiciary ;
Penitentiary .... 181,182
■Maine — Government ; Judiciary ; Mi-
litia 141,142
Marriage ..... 78
[Marshman, J 279
VIU
I.\DEX.
Maryland — Government ; Judiciary ;
Amendments of the Constitution;
Militia . . . 165-168
Massachusetts — Government •, Judici-
ary ; Products of certain Branches
of Industry ; Militia ; School Re-
turns 145-150
Mavor, Wm. • .... 279
Medical Schools 128
Meteorological Table for Brunswick 133
" " Concord 133
« « Dart, College 134
" « Dover 134
" " Savannah 136
« « Key West 137
" " Indian Kev 138
« " Santa Cruz 138
" " Charlottesville 139
Mexico 206
Michigan — Government ; Judiciary ;
Mililia; School Fund . 197,198
Militia, U. S 97
Ministers Plenipotentiary, . . .90
Mint, U. S 100
Mississippi — Government ; Judiciary ;
Militia; Banks; Nevpspapers 180-181
" " 196
281
280
65
281
Post Office Establishment . • . 103
Prince Edward's Island . . . 204
Prussia • 256
Publication of Books ... 69
Public Lands 101
Rain, Annual Quantity of . . 139
Rates of Postage .... 104
Reeve, J. .... 281
Refractions, Dr. Young's ... 53
Religious Denominations, U. S. • 130
Representatives in Congress . . 83
Rhode Island — Government ; Judicia-
ry ; Militia .... 150, 151
Ries, F 280
Ritchie, Wm 278
Missouri — Government ; Judiciary
Mohler, Dr
Moll, Dr
Mortality. Law of .
Morton, Th
Naples 273
Navy List, U. S.
Navy, Olficers of,
Netherlands
New Brunswick .
Newfoundland
New Grenada
New Hampshire -
ciary ; Militia
98
99
231
. 204
204
. 215
Government ; Judi-
142-144
New Jersey — Government ; Judicia-
ry ; Finances; Militia . 157, 158
Nev>r York — Government ; Judiciary ;
Common Schools ; New York Ca-
nals ; Militia . . . 152^156
North Carolina — Government; Judi-
ciary; Militia . . . 172, 173
Nova Scoiia 204
Obituary 276
Occultations, 35
Ohio — Government ; Judiciary ; Mi-
litia; Penitentiary; Common Schools ;
Literary Institutions . . 187-192
Paradise Lost 78
Paraguay 221
Pennsylvania — Government ; Judici-
ary "; Public Debt ; Public Property ;
Canals and Railroads ; Education ;
Militia ; Outlines of the Amended
Constitution .... 159-164
Peru
Petronj. Signor .
Places of 35 Fixed Stars .
216
280
51
Polewhele,R 281
Politz, C. H. L.
Population, U. S.
Portugal
Postage, Rates of
Russia 228
Sacv De 281
Sandford, Sir D. K 281
Saxony 261
! Schopenhauer 281
Seasons, Beginning and Length of . 4
Select Scraps 77
Senate, U. S. . • . . .82
Sheep and Wool, Statistics of . 113
1 Sicilies, Two, 273
Signs of the Planets ... 3
Signs of the Zodiac .... 4
Slave Compensation . . . 211
Slaves, U. S 123
Sleep 77
.Solitude 77
South America . . • • . 214
South Carolina — Government;
; Judiciary ; Militia . . 173, 174
Spain •
Spanish West Indies • . . 212
Statistics of Sheep and Wool . . 113
St. Leu, Duchess of . . . 278
[Style, Old and New .... 63
Sweiien and Norway . . . 227
Switzerland . . • . . 227
Talleyrand . . • . . 28 i
Temperance 74
Tennessee — Government ; Judici-
ary 182,133
Texas 205
144,
231
1231
2811
104
Theological Schools
Tide Table ....
Turkey
TInwins, D
Uruguay
Vacations in Colleges, .
Venezuela ....
Vermont — Government ; Judici-
ary ; Militia ....
Vessels of War, U. S.
Virginia — Government; Judicia-
ry ; Militia ; Public Debt
Ward, Bp
Wesley, S
West Indies
William IV
Wisconsin — Government ; Judiciary
Militia
Wool and Sheep
Wurtemberg , . . . •
Young's Refractions ...
129
8
275
278
221
127
216
145
93
168, 173
. 231
278
. 203
276
201
113
263
53
0:5^ As the names in the .^imerican Obituary (see page 2S2) are placed in alphabetical
order for the sake of convenient reference, they are not inserted in this Index.
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE ASTRONOMICAL
DEPARTMENT.
All the calculations in this Almanac have been adapted to mean solar
time. — On account of the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit, and the incli-
nation of the Ecliptic to the Equator, the motion of the Earth in Right
Ascension is not uniform, and, consequently, the solar days are not equal,
but about half are a little more, and about as many, a little less than 24
hours. A clock, therefore, regulated to apparent solar time must be
frequently adjusted. To avoid this inconvenience the fiction of mean time
has been invented, and, having already come into very general use, will
probably soon entirely supersede the other. Its name is derived from
the circumstance, that the length of a mean solar day, hour, &c., is the
rriean or average length of all the apparent solar days, hours, &c., in a
tropical year.
The greatest difference between Mean and Apparent time occurs on
the 3d of November, viz. 16m. 17 sec; and, the equation then being
subtractive from Apparent time, the instant the Sun's centre is on the
meridian, or bears exactly south, a clock regulated to Mean time should
indicate llh. 43m. 4.3 sec. ; on the 11th February is the greatest additive
equation, when the time of noon by the clock is 14m. 33 sec. after 12.
But Mean time is easily reduced to Apparent by applying the equa-
tion (pages 4-5 to 50) on the day in question, in a manner directly the
reverse of that therein indicated.
The arrangement of the Calendar pages remains as in the Almanac
for 1838, without alteration.
The time of twilight is computed on the supposition that it begins and
ends when the distance of the Sun from the zenith is 108" ; the quantity
usually assumed, but which is probably too great by two or three degrees.
The time of the Phases of the i\Ioon is computed for the meridian of
Washington, but may be easily reduced to that for any other meridian
by adding or subtracting the difference of Longitude, according as the
same is east or west of that city.
In the computation of the rising and setting of the Sun, for this
Almanac, two corrections have been recently introduced. These correc-
tions are, 1st, for the effect of refraction in causing him to appear above
the sensible horizon, sooner in the morning and later in the afternoon
than he actually is ; and, 2dly, for the interval between the rising cr
setting of his centre, and of his highest point ; the instant of the ap-
pearance or disappearance of this point, and not (as heretofore) of his
centre, being considered the time of his rising or setting. So that at
the time indicated in the Calendar pages, as that of sunrise or sunset,
his centre is 90° .50' from the zenith ; his semidiameter being about
16' and the horizontal refraction 34'.
The amount of these corrections varies at every place with the decli-
nation of the Sun, and on the same day is different in different latitudes.
At Boston, when greatest, they lengthen the interval between sunrise
and sunset about 12 minutes ; at New Orleans, nearly 9.
The setting of the Moon only, is given from the new to the full ; and
the rising ox\\y, from the full to the new moon. The letters M. A. m. a.
found in these columns, and in other parts of the Almanac, are used to
denote Morning and j^fternoon. The time of the beginning and end of
twilight, and of the rising and setting of the Sun and Moon being given,
in the Calendar pages, for five of our principal cities, situate in very dif-
ferent latitudes, the Almanac is in fact computed for nearly every place
within the United States.
The planets are placed in the order of their mean distances from the Sun
X PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.
and their declinations are computed for the moment of their passage over the
meridian of Washington. The places of the four new planets, Vesta, Juno,
Pallas, and Ceres, are given only when they pass the meridian within five
hours of midnight ; their distance from the Earth at other times being so
great, as to render them invisible.
The time of High Water is corrected for the difference of the Right
Ascension of the Sun and Moon, for the Moon's declination and her dis-
tance from the Earth. The time of the tide immediately preceding her
southing only having been given, it should be corrected by the addition of
half the difference when the time of the other tide is required.
It may be proper to remark, that, notwithstanding the three corrections
above mentioned, the observed time of high water, frequently, in calm
weather, differs considerably, perhaps half an hour, from the computed.
Indeed, until recently, astronomers seem to have been contented with
the knowledge, that the flow and ebb of the sea were caused by the at-
traction of the Sun and Moon, and to have taken little pains to increase
their acquaintance with these curious and interesting phenomena. But,
as within a short time much attention has been turned to the subject, and
many competent persons in Europe have undertaken to make careful
observations for a series of years, on every tide, there is reason to hope
that the causes of some of the anomalies, not only in the time of high
water, but also in the rise of the tide^ may be discovered, and their effects
predicted.
On the 35th and 36th pages will be found a list of those conjunctions of
the Moon with the planets and stars of not less than the sixth magnitude,
which may prove to be occultations in some part of our country ; whilst in
the Calendar pages those conjunctions of the Moon with stars, which may
be occultations in some part of the United States, are noted with an as-
terisk, instead of the usual symbol of conjunction.
The moment of the Imiriersion or Emereion of any star, however small,
behind or from the dark side of the Moon, can be determined with pre-
cision ; but, if the star is not very bright, great difficulty is experienced in
satisfactorily ascertaining it, when the phenomenon takes place on the side
that is enlightened.
The Catalogue of the eclipses of the satellites of Jupiter (page 37)
contains only those visible in some part of the United States. The
eclipses until the planet comes into opposition with the Sun, on the 3d of
April, will happen on the west side, then, until the conjunction on the
22d of October, on the east side, and afterwards again on the west, until the
opposition on the 4th of May, 1840. From conjunction to opposition, the
immersions of the first and second satellites are, generally, only visible, and
from the opposition to conjunction, the emersions, only ; but both the
phenomena of the third and fourth satellites can sometimes be seen.
In the table of Latitude and Longitude of some of the principal places
in the United States (page 41, &c.) will be found the latitude of a large
number, as determined by the editor, by recent observations made by him-
self; also the longitude of about forty, deduced by him from observations
made by others on the annular eclipses of Feb. 1831 and May, 1836, and on
the total eclipse of Nov. 1834, or as ascertained by comparison of the place
in question, by chronometers, with the Capitol at Washington, the Univer-
sity of Virginia, Philadelphia, or Boston, the distance of which from the
meridian of Greenwich is supposed to be correctly known. The longi-
tude of the Capitol is the mean of the results, deduced from the observa-
tions on the annular eclipses of 1791, 1811, and 1831, and has recently
been confirmed by the editor, by comparing it by chronometers with the
University of Virginia and the city of Philadelphia. The unfortunate adop-
tion, in the construction of several maps of this country, of the longitude
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. XI
of the Capitol (5h. T 42"), reported by an individual acting under the
authority of a Resolve of Congress, has caused an error of 6^ minutes of a
degree therein.
It will be noticed, that the positions of Charleston, Beaufort, S. C,
and Savannah, differ very considerably from those hitherto assigned to
those places. They were determined by the editor with great care in the
autumn of 1834, at the time of a journey to the south, undertaken for the
purpose of observing at Beaufort the total and central eclipse of the 3()th of
November of that year. The difference between the Longitude of St.
Michael's church in Charleston, and of the State-House in Boston, was
determined by eight chronometers. From the longitude of this church, that
of the Exchange in Savannah, and that of the Arsenal in Beaufort, were
deduced, by using four. So that it may be hoped, that the Longitudes of
these places, as laid down in this table, are much nearer the truth than
those usually assigned in the maps and charts of our coast.
The use of the Longitudes of these places, formerly supposed correct,
produced great inconvenience, by causing an apparent change, of several
seconds, in the daily rates of all chronometers on board vessels arriving at,
or from, Charleston, &c., after voyages of a few days' duration.
As the error was about ten miles, or forty seconds of time, one of these
instruments received in Boston, New York, &c., in five days from Charles-
ton or Savannah, would have apparently changed its rate of going-, eight
seconds ; and four seconds, if the length of the voyage was ten days.
But since the adoption of the Longitude published in this Table, this
apparent change has not been discovered.
The most important light-house on the coast of New England is that
in Truro, Massachusetts, generally known as the Highland or Cape Cod
light; as from it vessels from Boston, Salem, &c., usually take their de-
parture, and as it is generally first seen by them, on their return. It would
seem, therefore, that its accurate position would have been long since
ascertained ; but by a large number of observations of northern and southern
stars, made by the editor in the autumn of 1835, its Latitude was found to
be 42° 2' 22" nearly, or about three miles less, than has hitherto been sup-
posed. The possible consequences of such errors may be easily imagined.
The Ephemeris of the Sun (pages 45 to 50) is wholly taken from the
English Nautical Almanac, and not from the Berlin Ephemeris as heretofore.
It contains the Sun's Seraidiameter, Horizontal Parallax and Declination ;
the Time {mean, which by the addition of 0-19 sec. will be converted
into sidereal) occupied by the Semimameter in culminating or passing the
meridian, the Equation or reduction of apparent to mean time, to be ap-
plied to apparent time in the manner indicated at the head of the column,
the Sidereal Time, and the Obliquity of the Ecliptic. The epoch of all is
Oh. Cm., mean time, of the meridian of Greenwich.
The apparent places of 35 of the principal fixed stars (pages 51 to 57)
will be found very useful for determining the lime, or latitude; for which
purpose they are much to be preferred to the Sun.
The table of semidiurnal arcs, (p. 60) contains the intervals, in the United
States, between the southing and the rising or setting of any celestial body,
whose declination (north) does not exceed 30 degrees. By the aid of this
table, therefore, we can readily ascertain, with a very considerable degree
of accuracy, the time of the lising or setting of the sun, star, planet, &c.,
provided we know the time of its southing and its declination ; but if the
latter is south, the semidiurnal arc is the difference between the quantity in
the table and 12 hours.
Examples. At what time will the planets Vesta and Saturn rise and set
at Washington, (lat. 38.9°) on the 25th of February ; the former will south
that day at 7h. 39m. A., with a north declination of 24|° ; the latter at 6h.
•
Xll
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.
15m. M., with a south declination of 20^°. By the table it appears, that
the semidiurnal arcs at Washington for the above degrees of declination, are
7h. 27m. aud r2h. — 7h. 9m. or4h. 51m.; hence Vesta will rise at Oh. 12m.
A., on the 25th, and will set at 3h. 6m. M., on the 26th. Saturn will rise
on the 25th, at Ih. 24m. M., and will set at llh. 6m. M.
Reduction of Mendional Jlltitudes.
A Table has been published for several years, in the English Nautical
Almanac, for facilitating the reduction of ihe Latitude of a place, from
observations made on the Pole star, at any time during its revolution
around the Pole ; which Table, when great accuracy is not wanted, or a
good table of Logarithms is not at hand, will be found convenient. But
as exactness is sometimes required, it was thought the insertion of a cor-
rect and general rule for the reduction of the Latitude, from altitudes of
any star, might be useful and acceptat)le.
Rule. To the log. co-sine of the star's distance from the meridian in
degrees, add the log. cotangent of its declination ; the sum (rejecting 10
in the index) will be the log. tangent of an arc (A) less than 90°. The
sum of the arithmetical compliment of the log. sine of the declination, the
log. co-sine of A and of the log. sine of the corrected altitude, rejecting 10
in the index, will be the log. sine of another arc B. Then the Latitude is
the sum or difference of B and A, according as the distance of the star
from the meridian is greater or less than six hours; but, when the declina-
tion of the star is of the same name with, and is less than, the Latitude
of the place, the supplement of their sum, and not their difference, is the
Latitude.
Examples.
On the 23d of July, 1836, when the distance of the star a Ursae Minoris
from the meridian was 6h.7m. 27.2sec. (91° 51' 48"), its corrected altitude,
at the church in Harris Street, Newburyport, was 42° 44' 13.93", and its
declination 88° 25' 53.54". What is the Latitude by this observation .?
cos. 91° 51' 48"
cot. 88 25 53.54
tang. A 3 3.64
8.5120914
8.4374596
6.9495510
sine A. C. 88
cos. A. 0
sine alt. 42
/
25
3
44
It
53.54
3.64
13.93
0.0001628
9.9999998
9.8316374
sineB 42 45 25.31 9.8318000
then B -}- A (the star being more than six hours from the meridlan)= 42®
48' 28.95", the Latitude.
On the same evening, at the same place, when the star a Aquilse was
10m. 7|sec (2° 31' 55") from the meridian, its corrected altitude was:
55° 33' 37.72", and its declination 8° 26' 27.13" north.
log. cos. 2° 31' 55" 4- log. co-tang. declination=log. tang. A 81° 33' 3.60"
log. COS. A-f-log. sin. 55° 33' 37".72-|-Arithmetical compliment of log. sin.
declination=log. sin. B 55° 33' 25.56"
Now, as the declination of the star is of the same name with, and is less
than the Latitude, the supplement of the sum of A and B, 42° 48' 30.84",
is the Latitude. The latitude of this church, deduced from 302 altitudes
of northern and southern stars, is 42° 48' 32.1".
When, as is frequently the case, several altitudes of the same star have
been obtained within a few minutes of each other, their reduction by this
method is very simple, as two of the logarithms (the cotangent and sine of
the declination) undergo no change.
Boston, j9vgust ISth, 1838.
THE
AMERICAN ALMANAC
FOR
1839.
PART I.
THE
AMERICAN ALMANAC
FOR THE TEAR
1839,
Being the latter part of the 63d, and the beginning of the 64th, year
of the Independence of the United States of America ;
" the 6552d year of the Julian Period ;
" the latter part of the 5599th, and the beginning of the
5600th, year since the creation of the world, according to
the Jews ;
" the 2592d year (according to Varro) since the foundation
of Rome ;
" the 2586th year since the era of Nabonassar, which has
been assigned to Wednesday the 26th of February of the
3967th year of the Julian Period, which corresponds, ac-
cording to the chronologists, to the 747th, and, according
to the astronomers, to the 746th year, before the birth of
Christ ;
" the 2615th year of the Olympiads, or the third year of the
654th Olympiad will begin in July, 1839, if we fix the
era of tlie Olympiads at 775^ years before Christ, or
at or about the beginning of July of the year 3938 of the
Julian Period ;
" the latter part of the 1254th, and the beginning of the 1255th
(lunar) year since the Hegira, or Flight of Mahomet,
which is supposed to have taken place on the 16th of
July of the year 622 of the Christian era.
I. THE CALENDAR
AND CELESTIAL PHENOxMENA FOR THE YEAR.
SIGNS OF THE PLANETS, kc.
O The Sun.
© The Earth.
• doc The Moon.
5 Mercury.
2 Venus.
^ Mars,
g Vesta.
^ Juno.
$ Pallas.
$ Ceres.
% Jupiter.
Yl Saturn.
1^ Herschel or Uranus.
(5 Conjunction, or having the same Longitude or Right Ascension-
□ Quadrature, or differing 90° in " " "
^ Opposition '' 1S0° in " " «
^ The ascending, ^ the descending node.
4 CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES, SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC, &C. [1839.
An asterisk (*) prefixed to the conjunction of the Moon with a star or
pla-net, indicates that the star or planet may be eclipsed in some part of
the inhabited portion of the United States.
The sign -}- is prefixed to the latitude, or declination, of the Sun, or
other heavenly body, when north, and the sign — when south ; but the
former prefixed to the hourly motion of the Moon in latitude, indicates
that she is approaching, and the latter that she is receding from, the
north pole of the ecliptic.
The letters cM", A., m. a., denote Morning and Afternoon.
CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES.
Dominical Letter . . F
Epact . .... 15
Lunar Cycle, or Golden Number 16
Solar Cycle
Roman Indiction
Julian Period
28
. 12
6552
SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC.
Spring
signs.
Summer
signs.
Aries.
Taurus.
Gemini.
C^incer.
Leo.
Virofo.
Autumn
signs.
Winter
7 ^ Libra.
8. ni Scorpio.
9. / Sagittarius.
10. Vf Capricornus.
11. -sa. Aquarius.
12. H Pisces.
BEGINNING AND LENGTH OF THE SEASONS.
Sun enters \ff (Winter begins) 1838, Dec. 21st,
h. m.
12 17
50"
cp (Spring '' 1839, March 20th, 13 52 45 |
23 (Summer " " June 21st, 10 52 42 y
d2: (Autumn " " Sept. 23d, 0 0 49 |
]ff (Winter " " Dec. 21st, 18 14 6J
Sun in the Winter Signs . - . .
" " Spring
" " Summer . . . . .
" " Autumn .....
" north of Equator (Spring and Summer)
*« south " (Winter and Autumn)
d. h. m. 9.
89 1 34 55
92 20 59 57
93 13 8 7
89 18 13 17
186 10 8 4
178 19 48 12
Length, of the tropical year, commencing
at the winter solstice 1838, and termi-
nating at the winter solstice 1839, ^
Mean or average length of the tropical year 365
365 5 56 16
5 48 48
M
Time
at
Wash'n.
1839.] MOVABLE FESTIVALS. JEWISH CALENDAR.
MOVABLE FESTIVALS OF THE CHURCH IN 1839.
Septuagesima Sunday Jan. 27th
Quinq. or Shrove " Feb. lOlh
Ash. Wed. 1st day in Lent " 13tli
Mid Lent Sunday March 10th
Palm Sunday " 2-lth
Easter Sunday " 31st
Low Sunday April 7th
Rogation Sunday May 5th
Ascen. Day, or Holy Th. " 9th
Whitsunday, or Pentecost " 19th
Trinity Sunday " 26th
Corpus Christi day, ^ ^^ orv«u
Fete Dieu 5 '^^^"'
Advent Sunday Dec. 1st
JEWISH CALENDAR.
[The anniversaries marked with an asterisk (*) are strictly observed.]
Year.
Names of the Months.
5599 Thebet begins
Dec. 18,
1838
ii
" 10th
Fast for the Siege of Jerusalem
" 27,
((
(I
Sebat begins
.
Jan. 16,
1839.
ii
Adar begins
,
Feb. 15,
((
11
" 11th
Fast of Esther ....
'' 25,
((
11
" 14th
*Purim .....
" 28,
<c
ii
" 15th
Schuscan Purim
March 1,
((
11
Nisan begins
. . ....'.
" 16,
«
a
« 15th
*Beginning of the Passover
. '' 30,
ii
ti
" 16th
^Second Feast or Morrow of the
Passover ....
. 31,
u
<c
" 21st
*Seventh Feast ....
April 5,
ll
u
«' 22d
*End of the Passover
" 6,
a
<<
Ijar begins
.
" 15,
a
a
<' Ibth
Lag beomer ....
May 2,
a
«
Sivan begins
.
'' 14,
ll
<(
" 6th
*Feast of Weeks or Pentecost .
. " 19,
((
«
" 7th
♦Second Feast ....
" 20,
a
11
Thammus begins
June 13,
ii
i(
" 17th
Fast for the Taking of the Temple
" 29,
ll
u
Ab begins
July 12,
a
it
" 9th
*Fast for the Burning of the Temph
i " 20,
(I
u
Elul begins
Aug. 11,
ll
5600 Tisri begins
*Feast for the New Year
Sept. 9,
a
<c
" 2d
*Second Feast for the New Year
" 10,
ll
ii
" 4 th
Fast of Gedaljah
. " 12,
((
11
«• 10th
'Fast of the Reconciliation or Atone
-
raent
" 18,
((
«
" 15th
*Feast of the Huts or Tabernacles
" 23,
((
i(
•' 16th
*Second Feast ....
" 24,
((
11
« 21st
Feast of Palms or Branches .
, " 29,
It
1*
6 MAHOMETAN CALENDAR. HEIGHT OF SPRING TIDES. [1839.
Year. Names of the Months.
5600 Tisri 22d *End of the Hut or Congregation
Feast Sept. 30, 1839.
a li 23d ^Rejoicing for the Discovery of
the Law Oct. 1, "
" Marchesvan begins " 9, "
" Chisleu begins Nov. 7, "
" " 25th Dec. 1, "
" Thebet begins • " 7, "
« '« 10th " 16, "
" Sebat begins • • Jan. 5, 1840.
MAHOMETAN CALENDAR.
Year. Names of the Months
1253 Schewall begins
" Dsu'I-kadah "
" Dsu'l-hejjah "
1254 Moharreni "
'« Saphar "
« Rabia I. "
" Rabia U. "
" Jomadhi I. *'
" Jomadhi 11. '•'
" Rejeb "
'< Shaban "
" Ramadan *'
'* Schewall "
" Dsu'l-kadah "
Dec,
Jan.
Feb.
March 17,
April 16,
May
18, 3838.
16, 1839.
15, "
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
15,
14,
13,
12,
10,
10,
(Month of Fasting)
" 8, "
6, 1840.
The Mahometan Year contains 354 days, or 12 revolutions of the
Moon. In the course, therefore, of about 33 years, the months corre-
spond to every part of the Gregorian Year, and to every season.
HEIGHT OF THE GREATEST OR SPRING TIDES IN 1839,
Computed by the formula of Laplace (Mecanique Cileste, Vol. II. p. 289.)
New or full
Moon.
New-
Moon,
Jan. 15.
Full
u
29,
New
«
Feb. 13,
Full
u
28,
New
((
March 15,
Full
li
29,
New
l(
April 13,
Full
<(
28,
New
<(
May 13,
Full
<(
28,
New
<(
June 11,
Full
((
26,
Ilei
ght of ]
New or full
Hei
Sht of
the
Tide.
Moon.
the
Tide.
h.
d.
h.
10 M
0.86
New Moon,
July
JO,
6A
0.84
11 M
0.84
Full "
26,
6M
084
10 A
1.03
New "
Aug.
9,
4M
0.87
3M
0.88
Full "
24,
4A
1.01
9M
L15
New "
Sept.
7,
5A
0.90
9A
0.87
Full "
23,
2M
1.12
6 A
1.12
New "
Oct.
7,
9M
0.87
2A
0.79
Full "
22,
11 M
1.10
2M
0.98
New "
Nov.
6,
3M
0.78
6M
0.73
Full "
20,
9A
0.99
9M
0.87
New "
Dec.
5,
lOA
0.72
7A
0.73
Full "
20,
8M
0.91
1839.]
UNIT OF ALTITUDE OF SEVERAL PORTS.
The unit of altitude at anj^ place, is the rise at that place of that tide
which arrives about a day and a half after the time of New or Full
Moon, the Sun and Moon at the moment of conjunction or opposition
having been at their mean distance from the Earth and in the plane of
the celestial equator.
The unit of altitude (which can be ascertained by observation only)
at any place, multiplied by the quantities in the above table, will give
the height of the spring tides at that place during the present year.
It will be seen that the tides of February 14th, March 16th, April
14th, August 25th, September 24th, and October 23d, will be the great-
est of all in 1839.
The actual rise of the tide, however, depends so much on the strength
and direction of the wind, that it not unfrequently happens that a tide,
which would, independently of these, have been small, is higher than
another, otherwise much greater. But when a tide, which arrives when
the Sun and Moon are in a favorable position for producing a great ele-
vation, is still further increased by a very strong wind, the rise of the
water will be uncommonly great, sufficient perhaps to cause damage.
The following Table contains the Unit of Altitude of several ports
and places on the coast of America, according to the best authorities.
The unit of altitude of the several places in the Bay of Fundy was
ascertained by recent observations.
Feet.
Feet.
Advocate Harbour (Bay of >
Fundy) 5
50
Cape Cod Light House
64
" " Harbour .
11
Andrews, St. ...
25
" D'Or (Bay of Fundy)
50
Annapolis (N. S.)
30
" Henlopen
5
Apple River ....
50
" Henry
44
Augustine, St. .
5
" Lookout
9
Basin of Mines (Bay of Fundy)
60
" May
6
Bay, Bristed
8
" St. Mary
14
" Broad
9
" Sable
9
" Buzzard's
5
" Split (Bay of Fundy)
55
" Casco
9
Charleston (S. C.)
6
" Cignecto (north part of?
60
Cumberland (Basin Fort), head
1-
the Bay of Fundy) \
of the Bay of Fundy
" St. Mary's
16
Digby (N. S.)
30
'' Vert ....
7
Eastport ....
25
Beaver Harbour
7
Elizabeth Isles
5
Bell Island Straits
30
" Town Point
5
Block Island
6
Florida Keys
5
Boston ....
11^
Gay Head (Vineyard)
5
Cape Ann ....
11
George's River
9
" Blomidom (Bay of Fundy)
60
George to w'li Bar
4
" Chat ....
13
Goul^borou'gh
12
TIDE TABLE.
[1839.
Green Islands
Gut of Annapolis .
Gut of Cansor
Halifax
Hampton Roads
Hillsborough Inlet
Holmes's Hole .
John's St. (N. B.) .
" St. (N. F.)
Kennebec
Kennebunk
Long Island Sound
Louisburg (C. B.)
Machias ....
Marblehead
Mary's St., Bar .
Monomoy Point
Moose River (Bay of Fundy)
" Island (Me.)
Mount Desert
Mouths of the Mississippi
Nantucket (Shoal and Town)
Nassau (N. P.)
New Bedford
Newburyport
New Haven
Newport
New York
Norfolk
Feet.
16
30
8
8
5
5
4
30
7
9
9
5
12
II
7
6
30
25
12
5
7
5
10
8
5
5
5
Feet.
Partridge Island (Bay of Fundy) 55
Passamaquoddy River . . 25
Penobscot River . . 10
Plymouth . . . .11^
Portland .... 9
Port Homer .... 8
" Hood ... 6
'' Jackson ... 8
" Roseway ... 8
Portsmouth (N. H.) . . 10
Prince Edward's Island . 6
Providence .... 5
Rhode Island Harbour . 5
Richmond .... 4
Salem (Mass.) ... 11
Sandwich Bay ... 8
Sandy Hook ... 5
Seven Isles Harbour . . 31
Sheepscut River . . 9
Sliubenacadie River (B. of Fun.) 70
Simon's, St., Bar ... 6
" «' Sound . . 6
Townsend Harbour . . 9
Truro (Bay of Fundy) . 70
Vineyard Sound ... 5
Windsor (Bay of Fundy) . CO
Wood's Hole ... 5
Yarmouth (N. S.) . . 12
TIDE TABLE.
The following Table contains the difference between the time of high
water at Boston, and at a large number of places on the American coast,
by which the time at any of them maybe easily ascertained, by 5m6-
tracting the difference at the place in question from the time at Boston,
when tlie sign — is prefixed to it ; and by adding it, when the sign is -f—
The time of high water, in the calendar pages, is of that tide which
immediately jareccfZcs the southing of the Moon.
h
Albany
Andrews, J2t.
Annapolis (N.S.)
Annapolis (Md.)
Augustine, St. .
Bay, Bristed .
« Broad
H-4
0
— 0
— 4
— 4
— 3
— 0
Ml.
12
0
30
IS
0
45
45
Bay,
Casco
Chebucto
Genevieve, and
St. Barbe
Buzzard's
Narraganset
Pistolet .
m.
45
0
0 0
— 3
— 3
— 4
50
53
45
1839.]
TIDE TABLE.
Bay, St. Mary's
" Sandwich (N. S.)
'' Scliecatica
Bermuda Inlet
Cape Ann
" Cansor
" Charles .
" Chat .
" Churchill
'* Cod .
" Fear
" Hatteras
" Henlopen
" Henry
" Lookout
" St. Mary .
*' May
«< Romain (S. C.) .
" Sable (N. S.)
" Split .
Charleston
Cumberland (Basin Fort)
Eastport
Elizabeth Town Point
Florida Key
Fort St. John
Frying-pan Shoals
Gay Head
Georgetown Bar
Gouldsborough
Gut of Annapolis
Gut of Cansor
Halifax
Hampton Roads
Harbour, Amelia
" Beaver .
" Nantucket .
" Rhode Island
" Seven Isles
*' Townsend .
Hillsborough Inlet
Holmes's Hole .
Ice Cove
Island, Anticosti, W. end
" Bell, Straits of
" Block
" Button .
" Elizabeth .
" Fox
** Green
Moose
Prince Edward
Rhode
Sable
Seal .
Janeiro, Rio
h. m.
— 2 0
— 2 30
— 0 30
— 4 30
0 0
— 3 0
— 3 45
+ 0 30
- 4 10
0 0
— 3 30
— 2 30
— 2 45
— 3 50
— 3 50
— 2 30
— 2 45
— 3 30
— 3 30
— 0 15
— 4 00
+ 0 30
0 0
— 2 36
— 2 40
— 2 30
— 5 0
— 3 53
— 4 30
— 0 30
— I 30
— 3 30
— 4 0
— 3 30
— 3 0
— 2 45
+ 0 30
— 4 45
— 0 30
— 0 45
— 4 0
— 1 20
— 1 30
+ 4 0
— 2 15
— 3 53
— 4 40
— 2 50
— 0 45
— 2 50
— 0 0
— 1 0
— 4 45
— 3 0
— 2 45
+ 5 0
53
0
0
John's, St. (N. B.) . 4- o' 30
St. (N. F.) . .—50
Kennebec . . . — 0 45
Kennebunk . . . — 0 15
Louisburg . . . — 4 15
Machias . . . — 0 30
Marblehead • . 0 0
Martha's Vineyard (W. P't.)— 3
Mary's, St., Bar . . — 4
Monomoy Point . . 0
Mount Desert . . — 0 30
Nantucket (town) . + 0 30
" (shoal) . -f- 0 44
Nassau (N. P.) . . _ 4 0
New Bedford . . — 3 30
Newburyport . . — 0 15
New Haven . . — 0 14
New London . . . — 2 36
Newport . . . — 3 50
New York . . . — 2 20
Nootka Sound . . -f- 0 50
Norfolk . . . .—3 0
Ocracock Inlet . . — 2 30
Old Point Comfort . — 5 25
Philadelphia . . + 2 57
Plymouth ... 0 0
Portland . . . — 0 45
Portsmouth (N. H.) . — 0 15
Port Campbell . . — 2 30
" Hood . . .—40
" Howe . . —30
*• Jackson . . — 3 30
" Rose way . . — 3
" Royal . . . — 4
Providence . . — 3
Quebec . . . . — 5
liace Point . . . — 0 15
Richmond . . . + 4 20
River, Apple . . — 30
" St. Croix. . . 0 0
" Delaware, entrance — 2 30
" George's . . — 0 45
" Penobscot . . — 0 45
" Sheepscut . — 0 45
Sale.m (Mass.) . .—00
Salvador, St. . . -f- 4 15
Sandy Hook . . . — 4 38
Savannah . . . — 3 15
St. Simon's Bar . .—40
" Offing . —45
« Sound . — 2 30
Sunbury . . . —20
Tarpaulin Cove . . — 2 38
Vineyard Sound . — 0 30
Windsor . . . + 0 30
Wood's Hole . . — 2 50
15
14
5
30
rO January, First Month, begins on Tuesday. [l!::!lJ9.
Twilight begins and ends. Meun time.
1st day.
7th day. |
Kith day. 1 1
19th day.
25ili day. |
Begins. 1
h. m. 'l
Lnds,
. m.
Begins.
Ii. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Bcgins.| Ends,
h. ni. h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends.
Ii. m.
Boston,
5 48m. 6
20 a.
5 48m.
6 24 a.
5 48m.
6 29 a.;
5 47m. 6 35 a.
5 44m.
6 42 a.
N.York,
5 46 6 22
5 46
6 26
5 46
6 31
5 45 |6 37
5 42
6 44
VVasii.
5 43 6
25
5 44
6 29
5 44
6 34
5 43 6 39
5 41
6 45
Charles.
5 35 6 33
5 36
6 37
5 37
6 41
5 36 6 46
'5 36
6 51
N. Orl's.
5 31 6 37
5 33
6 40
5 34 16 44 1
5 33 '6 49
|5 32
6 54
Apogee and Perigee of the Mo»n.
Apogee, 7th day, 9h. M. | Perigee, 19th day, lib. M.
Phases of the Moon.
Last auarter, 7th day, 3h. 56.6m. A. First Quarter, 22d day, 6b. 9.7m. M.
New Moon, 15th " 9 45.2 M. Full Moon, 29th " 10 32.7 M.
.c
A
Sun's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. for refract.) M. T.
jHigh water. M. time.
c
0
O
Ui
>.
a
Q
o
6
B
O
o
03
o
fe5
c
o
o
6
i
i "".
a
o
o
§ i
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets,
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m
sets.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m. {
1
Tu.
7 30
4 38
7 25
4 43
7 19
4 49
7 3
5 5
6 67
5 11
0 3m
10 26a.
8 463.1
2
W.
30
39
25
44
19
50
3
6
67
12
0 46
11 4
9 24 !
3
Th.
30
40
25
45
19
51
3
7
67
12
1 24
11 43
10 3
4
F.
30
40
25
45
19
51
3
7
58
i 13
2 3
. . .
10 41 j
5
~6
S.
Su.
30
7 30
41
25
46
19
52
3
7 3
8
5 9
68
1 ^^
2 41
0 2im
11 IS
4 42
7 25
4 47
7 19
4 53
6 58
6 14
3 18m
0 58m
11 55a.
7
M.
30
43
25
48
19
54
3
10
58
15
3 S5
1 35
. . .
8
Til.
30
44
25
49
19
55
3
11
58
16
4 3d
2 15
0 35m i
9
W.
30
45
25
50
19
66
3
12
58
17
5 13
2 53
1 13 1
10
Th.
29
46
25
51
19
57
3
13
58
18
6 7
3 47
2 7 ;
11
F.
29
47
24
52
18
68
2
14
68
18
7 19
4 59
3 19 j
12
13
S.
Su.
29
48
24
53
4 54
18
4 59
2
14
58
19
8 35
6 15
4 35 1
5 4im'
7 28
4 49
7 24
7 18
5 0
7 2
5 15
6 63
5 20
9 4im
7 21 m
14
M.
29
50
23
55
17
1
2
16
58
21
;iO 36
8 16
6 36 1
15
Tu.
27
51
23
56
17
2
2
17
57
22
11 21
9 1
7 21 1
16
W.
27
53
22
68
17
S
2
17
87
23
0 4a.
9 44
8 4 1
17
Th.
26
54
21
4 59
16
4
2
18
57
23
0 47
10 27
8 47
18
F.
26
55
21
3 0
16
5
2
19
57
24
1 30
11 10
9 30
19
20
S.
Su.
25
7 24
57
4 58
20
7 19
2
5 3
15
7
1
20
57 ' 25
2 12
! 2 55a.
11 52
10 12
7 14
5 8
7 1
5 20
6 56
5 25
0 35a.
10 65m
21
l\I.
23
4 59
19
4
14
9
1
21
66
26
3 37
1 17
11 37
22
Tu.
22
5 0
18
5
13
10
1
22
66
27
4 20
2 0
0 20a.
23
W.
22
2
17
6
12
11
0
23
65
28
6 5
2 46
1 6
24
Th.
21
3
17
7
12
12
0
24
55
29
6 16
3 56
2 16
25
F.
20
4
16
8
11
13
7 0
25
55
30
7 46
5 26
3 46
26
27
S.
Su.
20
6
15
9
10
14
6 59
25
64
31
9 14
10 21 a.
6 64
5 14
7 19
6 6
7 14
5 10
7 10
5 15
6 69
5 27
6 54 6 32
8 la.
6 2ia.
28
M.
18
8
14
12
9
16
68
28
53 i 33
11 13
8 53
7 13
29
Tu.
17
9
13
13
8
17
58
29
53 34
11 63
9 33
7 53
30
W.
16
10
12
14
8
18
57
30
62 85
. . •
10 13
8 33
31
Th.
15
12
11
16
7
20
67
31
52 30
0 33m
10 48
9 41
1839.] January has Thirty-one Days. \\
Passage ot the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets.
1st day.
7th day. ]| 13th day, I
19th day. i
25th dav.
j Souths.
Dec.
Soutks.
! Dec. [Suutk.
'. j Dec.
Souths.
Dec.
Souths.
Dec.
' h, ra.
0 '
h. m.
1 0 / '^^ •"•
'1 0 1
h. m.
0 1
h. ra.
, 5
0 22a.
— 20 23
n 27IT
1, — 19 5
7^ 10 48m — 20 20
10 30m
— 21 9i
10 27m
— 21 63
?
0 19
—23 31
1 0 28a
. — 22 4
2 0 36a.— 21 29
0 44a.
— 19 52
0 6) a.
— 17 65
$
5 7m
-|- 4 25
4 48rr
1 -
-35
3 4 3om 4- 3 29'
4 lOm
-j- 3 13
3 49m
H
-36
11 44a.
4-22 IS-
11 ua
-22 3
7 10 44a. --22 67
'1 1
10 15a.
-|-23 16
9 47a.
-23 33
6 9m
— 8 24
5 52II
1 — 7 5
1 1
8 5 35m — 7 24
5 18m
— 6 41
4 69m
— 5 47
6 23m
— 6 31
6 2ir
1 — 5 4
1
2| 6 40m — 5 611
6 17m
— 5 66
4 65m
— 6 0
h
9 34
— 19 33
9 13
— 19 3
9\ 8 52
— 19 44:
8 31
— 19 49
8 9
— 19 54
1-
a
' 4 2a.
8 46
3 39a
— 8 4
[) 3 16a
L. 8 35I
2 54a.
— 8 29
2 3ia.
- 8 22
ii
Moon rises or sets. Mean lime.
6
s
.<
m"
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
1
0
Ji
0
"So
B
0
C
TIONS.
"o
is
c
0
0
IS
rises.
.S 0
a> 0
1=^
Sundays and other Remarkable
Is
0
n
rises.
0
rises.
rises.
Days.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
Ii. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
1 12m.
6 19a.
6 24a.
6 3oa.
6 47a.
6 54a.
Earth nearest the Sua. d ^ ^ .
2
2 6
7 31
7 35
7 39
7 52
7 58
[*Dy22.
3
2 53
8 38
8 41
8 44
8 53
8 57
Inf. d $0.
4
3 37
9 41
9 42
9 44
9 49
9 52
5
4 13
10 43
10 43
10 44
10 44
10 46
61>$-
6'
4 57m.
11 44a.
11 43a.
11 42a.
11 39a.'
11 39a.
Epiphany.
7
5 36
. . .
. . .
• * •
...
. . .
n0$. ^ DU, DO$.
8
6 16
0 46m
0 44m
0 42m
0 35m
0 33m
□ OU- d])Spica.
9
6 53
1 49
1 45
1 43
1 31
1 28
10
7 42
2 54
2 49
2 45
2 30
2 25
*D2, &3 ru-
11
8 31
4 1
3 55
3 49
3 31
3 25
6]>h^ *})7irri.
12
9 24
5 8
5 1
4 54
4 34 ,
4 26
'S.
10 2im.
6 12 m
6 4m
5 57m
5 35m i
5 30m
(j D 9 . 1*^ Sund. after Epiph.
14
11 20
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
5 stationary.
15
0 19a.
4 49a.
4 55a.
5 la.
5 19a.
5 28a.
dD ?.
16
1 15
6 7
6 12
6 16
6 31 i
6 38
c'. gun. *2s's.
17
2 8
7 24
7 27
7 30
7 40 1
7 46
* D 83 vy.
18
2 59
S 40
8 41
8 44
8 49 1
8 52
6U$- $44'S. <5 Dy-
19
3 47
9 56
9 56
9 56
9 56 j
9 58
2(i Sunday after Epiphany.
s:
4 35a.
11 iia.
11 loa.
11 8a.
1 3a.|]
] 3a.
21
5 24
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . . !
. . .
*D7lH.
22
6 14
0 27m
0 24m
0 21m
0 12m
0 lom
*DV^T-
23
7 S
1 44
1 40
1 36
1 21
1 18 ;
>fC]) Z;, c, rf, Pleiad. ^D9,7;y .
24
8 4
3 0
2 54
2 48
2 31
2 26
*]);r8- [^«"^-
25
9 4
4 14
4 7
3 59
3 39
3 33
d D ,'^ 8 • Conversion of St.
26
10 3
11 la.
5 20
6 16m
5 12
5 5
4 43
5 40m
4 36
5 33m
d§';n. d0O- *D136 8,
Septua. Su?id. >|C D cJl. [cAur.
6 9m
6 2m
28
11 53 1
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises. I
rises.
26ih. 5great. W.elon. 2405O'.
29
^ 1
5 13a.
5 18a.
5 22a.
5 37a.
5 45a.
*DyO.
30
0 45m.
6 21
6 25
6 28
6 39 I
6 45
*D34^.
31
1 30 1
7 26
7 28
7 30
7 37 i
7 42
12 February^ Second Months begins on Friday. [1839.
'I'vviliglit begins and ends. Mean lime.
1st day. 1
7th day. ||
13th day. |
IQlhday. \]
25t!i day. |
Begins. '.
h. m. h
3nds.
. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins
1. ra.
. Ends,
h. m.
Begins,
h.m. 1
Ends,
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends.
h. m.
Boston,
6 38m. 6
50 a.
5 32m.
6 66 a.
5 2603
.7 3 a.
5 ism.
7 10 a. [5 9m.
7 17 a.
N. York
5 37 6
61
5 31
0 57
5 25
7 4
5 18
7 10
5 10
7 16
Wash.
5 36 6
52
5 31
6 68
5 25
7 4
5 18
7 10
5 10
7 16
Charles.
5 31 6
57
5 27
7 1
5 23
7 6
5 17
7 11
6 10
7 16
N. Orl's
5 Q9 6
59
5 25
? 3
5 21
7 8
5 16
7 12 5 11
7 15
.Apogee and Perigee of the Moon.
Apogee, 4th day, 6h. M. | Perigee, 15th day, llh. A.
Pkases of the Moon.
Last Quarter, 6ih day, Ih. .^a.Sm. A. First auarter, 20th day, 2h. 41.6ni. A.
New Moon, 13th " 10 20.2 M. Full Moon, 28th " 3 27.4 M.
c
o
o
m
>->
oj
Q
s
o
m
>>
s)
Sun's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. for refract.) M. T.
High water. M. time.
' "*
6
c
o
o
oa
o .
o
o
m •
(1) o
O
m
S
Jd 6
55
6
<^
c
o
m
O
CQ
o .
o
cd
O
rises.
1. m.
sets.
1. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets,
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets,
1. m.
rises.]
h. m.l
sets,
i. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
F.
7 14
5 14
7 10
5 18
7 6
5 22
6 56
a 32
6 51
5 37
1 8m
11 2ia.
9 4ia.
2
S.
Su.
13
15
9
7 8
19
5
23
55
33
50
6 49
38
5 39
1 41
11 51
10 11
7 11
5 16
5 20
7 4
5 24
6 64
5 34
2 iim
. . .
10 39a.
4
M.
10
18
7
21
3
25
64
35
49
40
2 39
0 19m
11 8
5
Tu.
9
19
6
22
2
26
63
36
43
41
3 8
0 48
11 40
6
W.
8
20
5
23
1
27
62
37
47
42
3 40
1 20
. . .
7
Th.
7
22
4
25
7 0
28
51
38
46
43
4 17
1 57
0 17m
8
F.
6
23
3
26
6 59
29
50
39
45
43
5 5
2 45
1 5
9
10
S.
Su.
6
25
o
7 1
27
5 29
58
30
49
6 48
40
44
44
5 45
6 14
3 64
2 14
7 4
5 26
6 57
5 31
5 41
6 43
7 4411)
6 24m
3 44m
11
M.
2
27
6 59
30
56
32
47
42
42
46
9 9
6 49
5 9
12
Tu.
1
28
63
31
55
33
46
43
42
47
10 11
7 51
6 11
13
W.
7 0
30
57
33
64
35
45
44
41
47
11 1
8 41
7 1
14
Th.
6 53
31
55
34
53
36
44
45
40
48
11 48
9 28
7 48
15
F.
67
32
54
35
62
37
43
46
39
49
0 3ia.
10 11
8 31
16
17
S.
Su.
65
33
62
6 51
36
50
38
42
6 41
46
3
8
7
49
1 8
10 48
9 8
6 54
5 34
5 37
6 49
5 39
5 47
6 3
5 60
1 49a.
11 29m
9 49m
18
M.
52
35
50
38
48
40
40
48
36
61
2 24
0 4a.
10 24
19
Tu.
61
37
49
39
47
41
39
49
36
52
3 2
0 42
11 2
20
VV.
50
38
48
40
46
42
38
50
35
62
3 51
1 31
il 51
21
Th.
48
40
46
42
44
43
37
50
34
53
4 43
2 23
0 43a.
22
F.
47
41
45
43
43
44
36
61
33
54
6 55
3 35
1 55
23
24
S.
.Su.
45
42
5 44
44
6 42
44
42
45
35
52
32
6 31
55
5 65
7 30
5 10
3 30
6 44
5 45
6 41
5 46
6 34
5 62
9 4a.
6 44a.
5 4a.
25
M.
42
45
41
46
40
47
33
53
30
66
10 11
7 51
6 11
26
Tu.
40
46
39
47
38
48
32
64
30
56
11 2
8 42
7 2
27
W.
33
43
37
49
36
60
30
55
28
68
11 40
9 20
7 40
l28
Th.
37
49
36
50
34
61
29
66
27
68
. . .
9 53
8 13
1839.] February has Twenty-eight Days. 13
Passage of the Meridian (mean tisne) and Declination of the Planets.
1st day.
7th day.
13th day.
1 19th day.
2,3lh day. |
Souths.
Dec.
Souths
Dec.
South.
J. Dec.
1 Souths.
Dec.
Souths.
Dec.
h. va.
O 1
h. m.
O I i
h. m.
O 1
h. m.
0
h. m.
^ 10 36m
— 22 11
10 44n
1 — 21 43
10 571
Tl — 20 30
11 iim
— 18 30|
11 27m
— 15 41
V 0 58a.
15 14
1 4a
. — 12 40
1 91
I. — 9 54
1 13a.
— 7 0
1 17a.
— 3 58
$ 3 23m
--3 8
2 59rr
1-|- 3 22
2 331
Tl — 3 47
2 5m
-- 4 20j
1 35m
-f- 6 2
g I 9 16a.
$ 4 40m
--23 61
8 49a
.-j-24 6
1
8 24?
1. -[-24 18
8 la.
-|-24 30
7 39a.
j
-[-24 42
4 25
4 1711
I — 3 5
3 651
n — 1 34
1 3 33m
— 0 8!
3 lom
— 9 1
$ 4 56 j
-f- 3 36
4 36
-|- 3 46
4 14
+ 4 1
1 3 51
- - 4 20|
3 28
--- 4 43
U 4 28
— 6 1
4 4
5 69
3 40
— 5 54
! 3 15
— 5 47
2 50
— 5 37
h 7 44 [ — 19 58
7 22
— 20 1
7 0
— 20 4
6 38
—20 6'
6 15
— 20 7
1 ^ 2 5a.' — 8 14
1 43a
— 8 6
1 20£
I. — 7 59
0 58a.
-7 5ll
0 36a.
— 7 43
!^l ^ .
Moon rises or sets. Mean time.
Mont
south
Time
.
„
„
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
•a
^
o
6D
s
o
c
TIONS.
° § §
OQ 2 ffl
c
o
o
Is
II
Orle
Sundays and other Remarkable
^ .2 ^
Q ^
s
J5
2
Daijs.
rises.
rises.
rises.
nse*.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1 2 12m.
8 28a.
8 28a.
8 29a.
j 8 30a.
8 33a
'3d. >^ ]) SOn^. $ stationary.
2 2 52
9 30
10 32a.
9 30
9 29
[ 9 29
9 29
1 Talleyrand b. 1755. d B c^-
Sexagesima Siindatj. y^ slat.
•S". 3 32m.
10 30a.
10 28a.
10 23a.
10 23a.
4 4 11
11 34
11 30
11 28
11 18 I
11 17
Hostilities against Great Britain
5 4 52
. . .
. . .
. . .
i
. . .
4th. c5 D U- [ceased, 1783.
6 5 35
0 asm
0 34m
0 3om
0 16m
0 13m
5th. Galvani died, 1799.
7 6 21
1 45
1 40
1 34
1 17
1 12
8th. d ]) h- [1835.
■S 7 12
2 50
2 44
2 37
2 18
2 12
Severe cold in Southern States.
9 8 6
3 53
4 53m
3 46
3 38
4 38m
3 17
4 16m
3 10
Shrove Snndaij.
■♦S*. 9 3m.
4 45m
4 9m
11 10 2
6 45
5 38
5 31
5 12
5 4
12 11 0
6 27
6 21
6 15
5 58
5 63
i Shrove Tuesday, cj ]) $ .
13 11 55
set3.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
1 Ash Wednesday. Lent begins.
|14 0 49a.
6 2ia.
6 23a.
6 26a.
6 33a.
6 38a.
d D ? 5 y. ^t- Valentine.
,15 1 39
7 39
7 40
7 40
7 42
7 45
16 2 29
8 57
10 15a.
8 56
8 65 ,
8 52
8 54
g stationary. [1564-
1st Sunday in Lent. Angelo d.
•S*. 3 19a.
10 13a.
10 loa.
10 3a ]
0 la.
18 4 10
11 33
11 29
11 25
11 13 ]
1 9
Wirt died, 1834, a. 62. Luther
,19 5 4
. . .
• . .
...
. . .
. . .
d$^. [died, 1546-
20 6 0
0 5im
0 46m
0 40m
0 23m
0 18m
•5 stationary, d D ;f 8 •
21 6 59
2 7
2 0
1 53
1 33
1 27
22d. Washington b. 1732, N. S.
22 7 58
3 17
3 9
3 2
2 40
2 32
[inglon, 1838.
23 8 55
5^. 9 49a.
4 15
4 7
4 0
3 38 j
3 31
;^ D 47 n. 24th. Duel at Wash-
2d Sun. in Lent. St. Matthias.
5 2m
4 55m:
4 48m
4 28m
4 22m
25 10 40
5 39
5 33
5 27
5 10
5 5
$ stationary.
26 11 26
rises.
rise*.
rises.
rises:
rises.
Senefelder died, 1834, a. 63.
27 8
5 13a.
5 16a.
5 18a.
5 26a.
5 32a.
28 0 9m.
6 18
6 19 i
6 20
6 24 1
6 28
DhO-
14 March, Third 3Ionth, begins on Friday. [1839.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean lime.
1 1st day.
7th day. ,
13th day.
1 19th day. | 25th day.
{Begins. 1
ih. m. fh
imls.
, rn.
Begins,
h. IB.
Ends. ;
h. m. i
Begins
h. ni.
. Ends,
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends.
h. m.
Boston,
5 3ra.7
23 a.
4 53m.
7 29 a.]
4 43m
. 7 37 a. 4 32m.
7 46 a.
14 20m.
7 62 a.
N. York
5 4 7
22
,4 54
7 28
4 44
7 35
4 34
7 42
4 23
7 49
Wash.
5 5 7
21
4 56
7 27
4 46
7 34
4 36
7 40
4 26
7 46
Charles.
5 7 7
19
4 59
7 24
4 61
7 29
■4 43
7 33
4 34
7 38
N. Orl's
5 7 7
19
Is 0
7 23
4 63
7 27
k 45
|7 31
4 37
7 36
.Apogee and Pericree of the Moon.
Apogee, 3d, lOh. A. | Perigee, 16th, 6h. M. | Apogee, 31st, 6h. M.
Phases of the Moon.
Last auarter, 8th day, 8h. 23.6m, M. First Quarter, 22d day, Oh. 20.4m. M.
New Moon, 15th " 9 4.6 M. Full Moon, 29th " 9 10.7 A.
o
s
c
Q
■^ 1
Sun's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. for retract.) M. T
High water. M. time.
^ ■
o
en
Q
o
^„
cT
2
o
cq
o
a
o
C3
o e
ti . 1 *
s ^
6 ' z
6
^.
o
IB
o
o
e3
O
h. m-
7
^ises:
i. m.
sets.
1. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
1. m.
rises. 1
1. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises .
h. m.
sets, rises.
1. m. h. m.
sets.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
J^'.
3 35
5 60
6 35
5 51
6 33
5 52
6 28
5 57 6 26
5 59
0 13m
10 21 a.
8 4ia.
2
~3
s.
34
S 32 '
61
0 52
34
62
5 53
32
6 30
63
5 54
27
58 25
6 0
6 0
0 41
10 51
11 17a.
9 11
6 33
6 26
5 58 6 24
1 iim
9 37a.
4
M.
31
54
31
54
29
65
25
59 : 23
1
1 37
11 47
10 7
5
Tu.
29
55
29
55
28
56
24
6 0 22
2
2 7
• . •
10 31
(>
W.
28
56
28
66
26
67
23
1 1 21
3
2 31
0 iim
11 3
7
Th.
26
57
26
67
25
68
22
1 1 20
3
3 3
0 43
11 45
8
h\
25
5 59
25
5 59
24
6 59
21
2 19
4
3 46
1 26
. . .
9
To
23
6 0
23
6 21
6 0
6 1
22
6 20
6 0
20
3 18
6
4 29
2 9
0 29m
1 40m
6 21
6 1
6 1
6 19
6 4 6 16
6 5
6 40m
3 20 m
11
M.
19
2
19
2
18
2
17
4
15
6
7 12
4 62
3 12
12
Tu.
17
3
17
3
17
3
16
5
14
7
8 39
6 19
4 39
18
W.
15
4
15
4
16
4
14
6
13
7
9 46
7 26
6 46
14
Th.
14
6
14
5
14
5
13
7
12
8
10 39
8 19
6 39
15
h\
12
7
13
6
13
6
11
8
10
8
11 25
9 5
7 26
16
17
S.
Su.
10 8
6 9 j6 9
11
7
11
7
6 S
10
6 9
9
9
6 8
9
6 10
0 5a.
0 45a.
9 45
8 5
6 10
6 8
6 10
6 9
10 25m
8 45m
1^
JVI.
7
10
8
9
8
9
8
10
7
11
1 26
11 6
9 26
19
Tu.
5
11
6
10
6
10
6
11
6
11
2 6
11 46
10 6
20
W.
3 12
4
11
6
11
5
11
5
12
2 47
0 27a.
10 47
21
Th.
F.
2 14
3
13
3
12
3
12
3
12
3 35
1 16
11 36
22
6 0 i 15
1
14
2
13
2
13
2
13
4 26
2 6
0 26a.
23
24
S.
Su.
6 59 ! 16
5 67 |6 17
6 0
15
6 1
5 59
14
6 1
14
6 14
6 1
14
6 47
3 27
1 47
5 59
6 16
6 16
5 59
5 59
6 14
7 24a.
5 4a.
3 24a.
25
M.
55
19
57
17
57
16
58
15
58
16
8 60
6 30
4 60
2b
Tu.
53
20
55
18
56
17
56
16
57
16
9 67
7 37
6 67
27
W.
52
21
64
19
54
18
55
16
56
16
10 38
8 18
6 33
28
i'h.
51
22
53
20
63
19
54
17
56
17
11 1«
8 66
7 16
29
h\
49 23
61
21
52
20
63
18
64
IS
11 46
9 25
7 45
30
31
S.
Su.
47
5 45
24
49
22
50
21
62
18
63
18
0 14m
9 64
10 18a.
8 14
6 25
6 47
6 23
5
18
6 22
5 60
6 19
5 51
6 19
8 38a.
1839.] March has Thirty-one Days. 15
Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets.
1st day. 1
7th day.
1 13th day.
1 19th day. ,
25ih day. \
Souths,
h. m. 1
Dec.
0 1
Soutlis.
h. m.
Dec.
Souths
h. m.
Dec.
0
Souths.
h. m.
Dec.
1 ° '
Souths.
h. m.
Dec.
0 1
5
11 38m -
—13 22
11 65m
— 9 13
0 13a
. — 4 19 1 0 32a.
-{- 1 n\ 0 5oa.
-- 6 52
?
1 19a.,-
— 1 55
1 23a.
1 11
1 26
4- 4 17 i 1 30
-}- 7 20 1 1 33
--10 17
n
1 15m -
-|- 5 34
0 44m
-|- 6 2,'
» 0 lim -|- 7 24 11 34
4- 8 11
11 2
-|- 8 61
2 54m -
-[- 3 21
2 29m
-}- 5 3(
» ' 2 3m -f- 7 40 1 37m
-|- 9 53
1 9m
-|-12 2
?
3 11 -
■j-5 1
1 2 46
-]- 5 2C
2 20
-[- 5 59J| 1 64
— 6 30 1 26
--7 0
u
2 34 -
— 5 30
2 8
5 1'
1 1 42
6
2i 1 16
— 4 46:i 0 50
— 4 29
h
6 0 -
—20 8
5 37
— 20 i
) 5 14
— 20
9' 4 51
— 20 9
i 4 27
— 20 8-
y
0 2ia. -
— 7 38
11 53
-~ 7 30^111 36
— 7 22}!ll 14
— 7 14 !lO 62
— 7 7
1
Moon rises or sets. Mean time. |
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
TIONS.
6
=5*
0
^0 .
1 1
a
o
at
si
a
1 ^
1^
c
0
to
0
0
>^
rises.
h. m.
5 t^
tn
_^_
rises.
h. m.
OJ 0
.a
0
£5
Sundays and other Remarkable
Datjs.
h. ra.
rises.
h m.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
1 0 50m.
7 21a.
7 21a.
7 21a,
7 21a.
7 23a.
St. David, d D ^ •
2
1 30
8 21
8 20
8 19
8 15
9 loa.
8 15
9 9a.
3d. d^©. d D U-
Sd Sunday in Lent.
2 8m.
9 23a.
9 20a.
9 i3a.
4
2 48
10 26
10 2-2
10 18
10 6
10 4
26th Congress begins.
5
3 30
11 31
11 26
11 20
11 5
11 1
Boston massacre, 1770.
6
4 15
:^])mni. 5ih. Volia died, 1827.
dDh- d^y.
*Dy'/.
4i;/i Sunday in Lent. J^C ]) 60 / .
7
8
9
5 3
5 65
6 49
0 37m
1 41
2 40
0 3im
1 34
2 33
0 25m
1 27
2 25
0 6m
1 6
2 4
0 om
0 59
1 56
2 5im
5'.
7 46m.
3 34m
3 27m
3 19m
2 58m
li
8 43
4 19
4 12
4 6
3 47
3 41
5>,?0-
12
9 38
4 55
4 50
4 44
4 28
4 24
13ih. Sup. d 5 0- [ec. invis.
13
10 32
5 25
5 21
5 17
5 5
5 3
Champollion d. 1832, a. 42. 0
14 11 24
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
^ D 70 ts, , [^i«*.
15 1 0 Ida.
6 29a.
6 29a.
6 29a.
6 29a.
6 3oa.
17th. Mahometan year 1255 be-
16'
1 6
7 49
7 47
9 7a.
7 45
7 40
7 40
Bowdilch d. at Bost., 18-38, a. 65.
oih S. Lent. St. Pair. IGth. ]) $ .
5.
1 59a.
9 iia.
9 4a.
8 54a.
8 52a.
18j 2 54
10 33
10 27
10 23
10 8
10 4
I7th. British finally left Boston,
19 3 51
11 63
11 46
11 40
11 21
11 15
18ih. >t^D47, scp. [1776.
20 'i^ •'•1
Spring begins. Yi stationary.
I9lh. d D Pleiades.
21
5 52
1 7m
I om
0 63m
0 3im
0 24m
22
6 51
2 12
2 4
1 57
1 34
1 28
Newton d. 1727. Goethe, 1832.
23] 7 46
3 2
2 55
2 48
2 27
3 iim
2 20
3 sm
22d. >fC])47n.
Palm Sunday. Lady Day.
S.\ 8 37a.
3 4im
3 35m
3 29m
25] 9 24
26i 10 8
4 12
4 37
4 7
4 33
4 2
4 30
3 47
4 18
3 43
4 16
ng0.
27] 10 49
4 58
4 56
4 53
4 46
4 45
*D27^. dD^-
28 11 28
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
29
<?
6 12a.
6 iia.
6 loa.
6 7a.
6 9a.
Good Friday. Swedenbourg d.
30
0 7m.
7 15
7 13
7 11
8 loa.
7 4
7 4
dDU- *D 68115. [1772.
0 47m.
8 178.
8 13a.
8 oa.
7 58a.
Easter S
md. 5^5 1617 Baily.|
16 April, Fourth Month, begins on Monday. [1839.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean time. |
1st day.
1 7th day. |
13th day. j|
19th day. |1 25th day. |
Begins,
h. m. h
Ends,
. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins,
h. ra.
Ends. ;iJ
h.m. 1
Begins.
1. m.
Ends. iBegins.i Ends,
h. m. |h. m. h. m.
Bo3ton,
4 7m. 8
1 a.
3 55m.
8 9 a.
3 43m.
s 18 a. 3 3im.
8 27 a. 3 19m. 8 37 a.
N. York
4 n 7
67
3 69
8 5
3 48
8 14 3 37
8 22
3 26
8 30
Wash.
4 15 7
53
4 4
9 1
3 63
8 9 3 43
8 17
3 33
8 25
Charles.
4 26 7
43
4 16
7 49
4 7
7 55 3 69
8 0
3 61
8 5
N. Orl's. k 29 It
39
i4 21
7 44
4 13
7 49 !|4 6
7 63 3 58
7 68
Apogee and Perigee of the Moon.
Perigee, 13th, lOli. A. | Apogee, 27th, lOh. M.
Phases of the Moon.
Last auartor, 6tti day, llh. 25.0m. A. First Quarter, 20th day, llh. 45.7m. M.
New Moon, 13th " 6 9.7 A. Full Moon, 28th " 2 16.4 A.
c
o
S
o
>>
c
o
90
>,
Q
Sun's upper lunb rises and sets, (cor. tor refract.) M. T.
High water. M. time.
■* ,
e5
o
in
O
5
G
§ 1
^ 6
m
a
a
o •
6
<^
o
1
o
h. m.
o
O
nses.
ti. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets, ^rises.
h. m. h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises
h. m.
sets,
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
M.
5 43
6 26
5 45
6 24
5 46
6 22 15 49
6 20
5 50
6 19
0 38m
10 45a.
9 6a.
2
Tu.
42
27
43
25
45
23
48
21
49
20
1 6
11 14
9 34
3
W.
40
28
41
26
43
24
46
21
47
20
1 34
11 45
10 5
4
Th.
38
29
39
27
41
24 45
22
46
21
2 6
. . .
10 40
5
F.
36
30
37
28
40
25
44
23
46
21
2 40
0 2om
11 21
6
7
S.
34
31
35
5 33
29
38
26
6 27
42
23
6 2^1
44
22
3 21
1 1
• « •
Su.
5 32
6 32
6 30
5 36
5 41
5 43
6 22 1
4 9m
1 49m
0 9m
8
M.
31
33
33
31
36
23
39
25
41
23
6 21
8 1
1 21
9
Tu.
29
34
30
32
33
29
33
25
40
23
6 47
4 27
2 47
10
W.
27
35
28
33
31
30
37
26
39
24
8 14
6 54
4 14
11
Th.
26
36
27
34
30
31
35
27
38
24
9 20
7 0
6 20
12
F.
24
37
25
35
28
32
34
27
37
25
10 12
7 62
6 12
13
14
Su.
23
5 21
38
6 39
24
5 23
36
27
5 26
33
6 34
33
28
36
25
6 26
10 65
8 35
9 nm
6 66
6 37
5 32
6 29
5 35
11 37m
7 37m
15
M.
19
40
21
38
24
35
31
30
34
27
0 18a.
9 68
8 18
16
Tu.
18
41
20
39
23
36
30
30
33
27
1 1
10 41
9 1
17
W.
16
42
18
40
22
37
29
31
32
28
1 49
11 29
9 49
18
Th.
14
43
16
41
20
38
28
32
31
29
a 31
0 iia.
10 31
19
F.
13
44
15
42
19
39
27
32
30
29
3 22
1 2
11 22
20
21
S.
11
45
13
43
17
40
25
33
29
5 28
30 :
6 30 !
4 17
5 26a,
1 57
0 17a.
Su.
5 10
6 47
5 12
6 45
5 16
6 41
5 24
6 34
3 6a.
1 26a.
22
M.
8
48
10
46
14
42
23
35
27
''l
G 65
4 36
2 56
23
Tu.
6
49
9
47
13
43 1 22
35
26
31 1
8 15
6 55
4 16
24
W.
5
50
8
48
12
44
21
36
25
32
9 18
6 68
6 18
25
Th.
3
52
6
49
10
45
20
37
24
33
10 6
7 45
6 6
126
F.
2
63
6
50
9
46
19
37
23
33
10 38
8 18
6 38
i27
28
Su.
5 1
64
4
51
8
6 6
47
18
38
22
5 20
34
6 36
11 10
8 50
7 10
7 40a.
4 59
6 55
5 2
6 52
6 48
5 16
6 39
11 40a.
9 20a.
,29jM.
58
67
1
53
5
49
15
39
19
35
. . .
9 46
8 6
|3o!Tu.
56
68
0
54
3
60
14
40
18
36
0 6m
10 18
8 38
1889.] April has Thirty Days. 17
Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets.
1st day. 1
7th (lay.
13th day.
lyth day.
25lh day. |
Soulks.
Dec.
Suutlis.
Dec. ■
Souths
Dec.
Souths.
Dec,
Souttis.
Dec.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
, h. m.
0 /
h. m.
0 <
5
1 7a. -
■\-n 42
1 12a.
16 12
1 4a
. - -17 53 0 42a.
-f-17 38
0 loa.
--15 44
V
1 38 -
-|-13 33
1 43
— 16 7
1 48
- -18 27 1 54
-f-20 30
2 1
--22 18
10 26 -
-|- 9 24
9 57
-- 9 42
9 30
-]- 9 48 9 4
-[- 9 43
8 40
— 9 28
2
$
0 37m -
-j-14 25
0 sm
— 16 17
11 37a
.-{-18 10 11 9a.
-[-19 32
10 4ia.
-}-20 38
$
0 63 -
-f 7 32
0 24
— 7 56
11 51
-[- 8 14 11 22
-[- 8 24
10 64
-[- 8 26
u
0 19 -
-4 8
11 49a.
3 50
11 22
— 3 33 10 66
— 3 16
10 30
— 3 1
b
3 59 -
— 20 6
3 35m
— 20 4
3 iin
1 — 20
2 2 46m
— 19 69
2 21m
— 19 56
^
10 25 -
— 6 58l
JO 3
— 6 61
9 40
— e 45!| 9 18
— 6 38
8 65
— 6 33
j=
Moon rises or sets. Mean time. ||
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
-fl 2
o
5.§
Ji
o
CO
c
o
a
TIONS.
"o
c
o
S
.5 o
Ji 6
rises.
Sundaijs and other Remarkable
o
CQ
><
rises-
O
Days.
rises.
rises.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
1 28m.
9 2ia.
9 16a.
9 12a.
8 57a.
8 84a.
2
2 12
10 26
10 20
8 14
9 57
9 52
^Dl,2, Trra-
3
2 58
11 30
11 23
11 16
10 66
10 49
(J ]) Antares. ]) \i.
4
5
3 48
4 41
11 54
11 47
(JUO
0 3im
e 23m
0 16m
6
5 36
1 27
2 14m
I 19
■2 7m
1 12
0 50m
0 43m
§ $ . Intensity of light 1 ,331 .
Low Sunday.
.S.
6 3im.
2 om
1 4om
1 33m
8
7 26
2 53
2 47
2 41
2 24
2 18
9 at great. E. elong. 19° 14'.
9
8 19
3 25
3 20
3 16
3 2
2 58
*])90^.
10
9 10
3 51
3 48
3 45
3 35
3 34
11
10 0
4 15
4 14
4 12
4 7
4 7
dDl?.
12
10 51
4 38
4 38
4 38
4 38
4 40
13
11 43
sels.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
7 39a.
'2d Sniid. after Easter, (i D 5 •
0 37a.
8 3a.
7 d9a.
7 55a.
7 42a
15
1 36
9 28
9 22
9 16
8 59
8 64
dD ?.
16
2 37
10 48
10 41
10 34
10 13
10 7
17
3 39
11 58
11 60
11 43
11 21
11 14
19th. i^^^c r[- 5 stationary.
18
19
4 41
5 40
19ih. Byron died, 1824, a. 36.
Battle of Lexington and begi^i.
0 57 m
0 49m
0 42m
0 20m
0 13m
20
6 33
1 41
1 34
1 28
2 4m
1 9
1 3
1 44m
[of American Revolution, 1775.
3rf Sunday after Easter. [1836.
s.
7 22a.
2 ism
2 lom
1 48m
2-2
8 7
2 42
2 38
2 34
2 21
2 19
21st. Bat. of St. Jacinto, Texas,
23
8 49
3 4
3 1
2 59
2 60
2 49
Si. George. 26th. 5|C D y G.
24
9 23
3 23
3 22
3 20
3 16
3 15
23d. ,5 D ^- $ Stat.
25
10 7
3 41
3 41
3 40
3 40
3 41
<5 ?>'^ 8 an appulse.
26
10 47
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
*])5on5. (5 }) y.- o^W-
27
11 27
6 pa.
6 6a.
7 loa.
6 3a.
7 5a.
5 54a.
5 52a.
9 in Inf. d .
Ath Sunday after Easter.
5?.
6^
7 14a.
6 52a.
0 49a.
29
0 lom
. 6 13
8 13
3 7
7 61
7 46
[President of the U. S., 1789,
30
0 56
1 9 22
9 15
9 9 8 50 1
8 44
Washington inaugurated as first
18 May, Fifth Month, begins on Wednesday. [1 839.1
Twiligiii begins and ends. Mean time.
1st day. 1
7lh day. |'
13lhday. || 19th day. h
25lh day. |
Begins.
Ends. '
Begins
. Ends. Bogtna.l Ends. HBegins.l
Ends, i
Begins.
Ends.
h.m.
h.m. 1
h. m.
h. m. h
. m. h. ra. ||h. m. h. m.
h. m. j
1. m.
Boston, 3 7ni.
8 47 a.
2 56m
. 8 57 a. 2 45m.'9 7 a.l 2 3501.19 17 a.jj
2 25m. '9 28 a.|
N.York, 3 u
8 40
i 4
8 49 I2 64 |8 58 |
2 45 9 8 1
2 36 1
» 18
Wash. 3 22
8 32
3 13
8 40 S
\ 4 8 48 1
2 65 1
J 57
2 47
9 7
Charles. 3 43
8 11
3 36
8 17 3 28 'S 24 -3 22
3 30
3 17
B 37
N.Orl'8, 3 51
8 3 1
3 45
8 8 3 38 'b 14 is 33
3 20 I3 28 '
8 26
Perigee and Jipogee oftlie JSloon.
Perigee, 12th, 4h. M. | Apogee, 24th, 5h. A.
Phases of the Moon.
Last Quarter, 6th day, lOh. 31. 6m. M. First Quarter, 20th day, Ih. 18.7m. M.
New iMoon, 13th " 2 2.3 M. Full Moon, 28th " 5 37.3 M.
■5 '
^ Sun's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. for refract.) M. T. iHigh water. M. time.
0
0
*[ 1
S|
0
n
6
0
0
c
0
c
0
"5 -a
a 6 ■
.a
0
1
0
0 0
5^
C
Q
0
CQ
IS
^
0
Z
0
n
Z 1
0
rises.
sets. 1
rises. \
sets. 1
•ises. ..
-ets .
rises.' sets.
rises. \ sets.
1
h.m.
1. m.
h. m.l
1. m. 1
\. m.
1. m.
1. m.h. m.
h. m.
h. m.l
h. m.
h m.
h. ra.
1
w.
4 54
3 59
i 59 (
3 55 ,
) 2 (
5 52
5 13 6 41
5 17
5 37 ■• 0 38m
10 5ia.|
8 iia.
2
Th.
53
7 0
58
56
1
53
12
42
16
38 ] 1 11
11 28
8 48
3|
F.
62
1
57
S7
) 0
54
11
43
15
39 1 48
. . .
9 23
4
5
S.
Su.
60
2
56 i
58
6 59
4 59 1
4 68 ,
65
6 65
10 44
15
5 14
40
6 40
2 23
0 3m
10 7
4 49
7 3
4 55
5 10 6 45
3 7m
0 47 m
10 57a.
6
M.
48
4
84
7 0
57
56
9
45
13
41 I
3 67
1 37
. . .
7
Tu.
47
5
53
1
66
57
8
46
13
42
5 3
2 43
0 3m
8
W.
46
6
52 '
2
55
68
7 46
12
42 !
6 26
4 6
1 26
9
Th.
45
7
51
3
54 1
6 59
6
47
11
43 ! 7 41
!5 21
2 41
10
F.
44
8
50
4
63
7 0
5
48
11
44 ' 8 44
1 6 24
3 44
11
12
S.
Su.
43
4 42
9
49
5
52
1
7 2
5
48
10
44
1 9 34
10 22m
7 14
4 34
7 10
4 48
7 6
4 51
5 4
6 49
5 9
6 45
8 2m
5 22m
13
M.
41
11
47
7
60
3
3
60
9
45 In 11
! 8 51
6 11
14
Tu.
40
12
46
8
49
4
2
50
8
46
0 oa.
9 40
7 0
15
W.
39
13
44
9
48
6
2
51
7
46
0 47
10 27
7 47
16
Th.
38
14
43
10
47
6
1
62
7
47 1 1 37
11 17
8 37
17
F.
37
15
42
11
46
6
0
52
6
48
2 22
1 0 2a.
9 22
18
19
S.
Su.
36
4 36
16
41
4 40
12
7 13
45
7
7 8
5 0
53
6
48
3 8
0 48
10 8
10 69ra
7 17
4 45
4 59
6 64
5 5
6 49
3 69a. 1 39a.
20
M. ! 36
18
39
14
44
9
69 54
5
49
5 0
1 2 40
0 oa.
21
Tu. 34
19
38
14
43
9
58 55
4
50
6 10
3 50
1 10
22
W. 33
20
37
15
43
10
67 55
1 4
50
7 19
4 59
2 19
23
Th. 33
21
36
16
42
11
57 56
3
51
8 21
' 6 1
3 21
24
F. ! 31
22
36
17
1 41
12
50 66
3
51
9 16
6 66
4 15
25
S. i 30
23
35
18
41
13
56 57
2
52
9 64
j 7 34
4 64
26
Su. 4 29
7 24
14 34
7 19
4 40
7 13
4 55 6 57
5 2
6 52
10 30a
, 8 loa.
5 30a.
27
M. 28
25
: 34
20
39
14
55
58
1
63
11 8
8 48
6 8
28
Tu.' 28
26
33
21
33
15
54
68
1
63
11 43
9 23
6 43
29
W. 27
27
32
22
38
16
54
69
0
63
. . .
' 9 59
7 19
3C
Th. 26
27
32
22
37
16
53
6 59
0
64
0 19m 10 34
7 64
31
F. 26
28
31
23
37
17
53
7 0
0
54
0 54 11 14
8 34
1839.]
May has Thirty -one Days.
19
Passage of the Meridian (moan lime) and Declination of the Planets.
1st day.
Souths.
h. m.
11 33m
2 sa.
8 18
10 15a.
10 26
10 4
1 56m
8 32
Dec.
12 50
-{-23 37
9 4
-|-21 27
-j- 8 21
2 45
— 19 5.3
6 27
7th dsiy.
Soutlis. I Dec.
h. m. j o
n im'-j-io 26
2 15a.'-|-24 36
7 67
J3lli day.
SutUlui. Dec
h
19th day.
Deer
2f)th day.
Dec.
Souths, j Dec. \ South
, o , !'• m. I „ , h. m. ^
10 39rn 4- 9 18 10 25m!-{- 9 38 10 20m -f-11 32
2 23a. -|-25 10 2 3ia. --25 19 2 38a. --25 3
7 2 :-|- 6 14
8 32 7 37 -(-7 52 7 19 '-{- 7 6
9 49a.j-|-22 3
9 69 i-J- 8 9
9 38 ' — 2 33
1 Simj — 19 49
8 9 ' 6 22
9 24a. -|-22 28
9 32 -j- 7 50
9 13 ' — 2 25
1 6m — 19 45
7 47 — 6 18
oa.
7
-|-22 39
-|- 7 23
8 48 — 2 18
0 40m — 19 41
7 24 '• — 6 14
8 37a. -[-22 40
8 42 \-\- 6 52
8 24 j — 2 13
0 15m — 19 37
7 0 ! — 6 11
-*^ OS
S .§
■n C
I h. m.
1 1 45m.
2 2 37
3, 3 31
41 4 25
S.\ 6 19m.
6 11
7 I
7 50
8 38
9 28
10 20
Moon rises or sets.
^
rises. rises.
h. m. h. m.
10 25a. 10 isa.
11 22 11 14
0 12m 0 sm
11 16m
0 16a.
1 19
2 24
3 26
4 24
5 16
s.
6 3a.
20
6 47
21
7 27
22
8 6
23
8 45
24
9 26
25
10 8
S.
10 53a.
27
11 41
28
(9
29
0 32m
30
1 26
31
2 21
0 52 mi 0 46m
1 25
1 52
2 15
2 37
3 0
3 25
sets.
8 19a
9 37
10 43
11 34
0 14m
0 44m
1 8
1 28
1 46
2 3
2 21
rises.
6 9a.
7 14
8 17
9 16
10 8
10 61
1 20
1 48
2 13
2 36
3 0
3 27
sets.
8 12a,
9 30
10 35
11 27
0 8m
0 40m
1 6
1 26
1 45
2 4
2 23
rises.
6 4a.
7 8
8 10
9 8
10 1
10 44
.5 o
rises.
h. Ri.
10 iia.
11 7
11 58
0 2m
0 36m
1 2
1 24
1 45
2 4
2 25
rises.
5 59a.
7 2
8 3
9 1
9 54
10 38
Mean time. |
G
o
a. .
oa
B
5*J
5
^'
rises.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
9 49a.
9 42a.'
10 45
10 38
11 37
0 2im
11 30
0 16m
0 59
0 56
1 33
1 31
2 4
2 3
2 34
2 35
3 5
3 7
3 S7
3 42
sets.
seLi.
7 47a.
7 42a.
9 1
8 54
10 6
9 59 1
11 0
10 54
11 45
11 40
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
TIONS.
Sundays and other Remarkable
Days .
0 22m
0 18m
0 52
0 50
1 10
1 19
1 43
1 44
2 6
2 9
2 31
2 35
rises.
rises.
5 43a.
5 40a.
6 43
6 38
7 42
7 36 i
8 39
8 32
9 32
9 25 '.
10 19
10 12 1
St. Philip and James.
[Place, 1827.
5th. Bonaparte died, 1821. La
Rogation Snnd. ^ ]) X^Ji^^Vf
Ascension Day.
5 stationary.
Sunday after Ascension.
Virginia settled, 1607, O. S.
Cape Cod disc, 1602. d D ?■
15th. Severe frost in U. S. 1834.
d S^X- [Cuvier d. 1832.
dg^n. ^15'N.
Pentecost. ^Vliit Sunday.
19ih. Dark day in N. E. 1780.
20th. Lafavette d. 1834-, a. 77.
21st. ^stationary, d D S,r^.
dDU- d])5onp.
Queen of f^ns^land born, 1S19.
5 at great. W. elong. 24° 47'.
Trinity Sunday.
5fC ]) G38 Mayer, m m ■
^ stationary, d D h- <? h O-
*Dy/- 30ili. Poped. 1744.
C5 D T / . Corpus Christ}. File
^ D oj / . [Dieu.
20 June^ Sixth Mo?ith, begins on Saturday. [1831).
Twilight begins and ends. Mean lime.
1st day.
1 7th day. |
13th day. ||
19th day.
25ili day. |
Begins. 1
h. m. I
Ends.
1. m.
Begins.
1 h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins
1. m.
Ends.
h. m.
Begins
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Boston,
2 17m. S
37 a.
[2 12111.
9 44 a.
2 9m.
9 50 a.
2 8m
9 64 a.
■2 9m.
9 65 a.
N. York,
2 29 S
25
2 25
9 31
2 23
9 37
2 22
9 40
2 23
9 41
Wash.
2 41 g
13
I 2 37
9 19
2 36
9 24
2 35
9 27
2 36
9 28
Chavles.
3 13 3
41
3 10
8 46 1
|3 10
8 50
3 10
8 62
3 11
8 63
N. Orl's. 3 24 la
30
3 22
8 34
13 22
8 38
3 22
S 40
3 23
8 41
Perigee and .Apogee of the Moon.
Perigee, 9th day, 9h. M. | Apogee, 21st day, 7b. M.
Phases of the Moon.
Last Quarter, 4th day, 6h. 28.7m. A. First Quarter, 18th day, 4h. 53.1m. A.
New Moon, 11th " 9 33.9 M. Full Moon, 26th " 6 51.9 A.
c
o
O
00
OS
o
.
u
o
00
Q
Sun's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. for refract.) M. T.
High water. M. time.
' *
c5
^^
c
o
n
O
CQ
o
>^ 6
&^
c
o
a
o
.a
O
to
e
a
c
o
an
O
n
h. m.
c
o
n .
c o
O
"
rises.
!h. m.
sets,
h. m.
rises,
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises,
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. ra.
rises
h. m
sets.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
2
S. U 25
7 29
7 29
4 31
7 24
4 36
7 IS
4 63
4 53
7 1
7 1
5 0
6 55
6 55
1 34m
11 53a.
10 13a.
10 67a.
Su.A 24
4 30
7 24
4 36
7 19
4 59
2 13m
. . .
3
M. 1 24
30
30
25
35
19
53
2
59
56
2 57
0 37m
11 52
4
Tu. 23
31
29
26
35
20
53
2
59
66
3 52
1 32
. . .
5
W.\ 23
32
29
26
35
20
52
3
59
57
4 46
2 26
0 46ra
6
Th. 23
33
29
27
34
21
52
3
69
57
6 51
3 31
1 51
7
F. 22
33
28
23
34
21
52
4
59
58
6 53
4 38
2 68
8
9
S. 22
Su.i 22
34
28
28
7 29
34
22
52
4
69
58
6 69
8 3
5 43
6 42m
4 3
7 35
4 28
4 34
7 23
4 62
7 5
4 59
9 2m
6 2m
10! M. 22
35
28
29
34
23
62
5
59
59
10 0
7 40
6 0
11 TU. 22
36
28
30
34
24
52
6
59
7 0
10 68
8 38
6 68
12 W. 22
37
28
30
34
25
52
6
69
0
11 53
9 33
7 53
13 Th. 22
37
28
31
34
25
62
7
69
1
0 40a.
10 20
8 40
14 F. 22
38
28
31
34
26
52
7
69
1
1 24
11 4
9 24
15 S. 22
16 Su. 4 22
38
7 38
23
4 23
32
33
27
52
8
69
2
7 2
2 7
11 47
10 7
10 55m
7 32
4 33
7 27
4 52
7 8
4 59
2 55a.
0 35a.
17jM. j 22
38
28
33
33
27
52
9
69
3
3 39
1 19
11 39
ISTU.' 22
39
28
33
33
28
62
9
59
3
4 27
2 7
0 27a.
19|W.j 23
39
29
34
34
28
52
10
69
3
5 13
2 53
1 13
20 Th. 23
33
29
34
34
28
52
10
59
4
6 5
3 45
2 5
21
F. I 23
39
29
34
34
23
52
10
69
4
7 3
4 43
3 3
22
23
S. ! 23
Su. U 23
39
7 40
29
34
34
29
52
11
69
4
7 4
8 3
6 43
6 47a.
4 3
4 29
7 35
4 34
7 29
4 52
7 11
4 59
9 7a.
5 7a.
24 M.
24
40
30
35
35
29
53
11
5 0
4
9 59
7 39
5 59
25 Tu.
24
40
30
35
35
29
53
11
0
4
10 44
8 24
6 44
26 W.
24
40
30
35
35
29
53
11
0
4
11 25
9 5
7 25
27 Th.
25
40
30
35
36
29
63
11
0
4
. . .
9 45
8 6
28 F.
25
40
31
35
36
29
64
11
1
5
0 5m
10 23
8 43
29
s.
25
40
7 40
31
35
36
29
54
4 64
11
1
6
0 43
11 4
11 46a.
9 24
10 6a.
30
Su.
4 25
4 31
7 36
4 36
7 29
7 11
6 1
7 5
1 24m
1839.]
June has Thirty Days,
21
Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets,
1st day.
Souths. I Dec.
h. m. I „
10 i24m
'2 46a. i
-14 5
-24 15
6 43 — 5 e
8 lia.'-j-22 30
8 15 \-\- Q
7 55 I — 2 10
11 41 I — 19 31
6 34m! 6
7th day.
Souths.
h. m.
10 35m
2 52a.
6 28
7 49a
7 62
7 32
11 16
6 lom
Dec.
O
--17
23
■ 4
-j-22 12
-j- 5 26
2 11
19 28
— 6 6
13th day.
Souths.
Dec.
h. m.
10 54m
--20 16
2 57a.
- -21 37
6 13
-- 2 55
7 28a.
-|-21 48
7 30
4-4 41
,7 8
— 2 14
10 60
— 19 24
5 47m
— 6 5
19th day.
25th day.
Dec.
Souths
h. m.
11 20m H-22 57
3 la
6 59
19 49
p 1 44
7 8a. -|-21 18
7 9 j-j- 3 52
6 45 j — 2 20
10 25 ! — 19 21
5 23m — 6 5
Soutlis.
h. m.
11 53m
3 4a.
5 45
6 48a.
6 48
6 23
10 0
6 om
Dec.
— 24 34
17 45
0 29
— 20 44
— 3 0
— 2 29
— 19 18
— 6 5
Moon rises or sets. Mean time.
1
.s.
3
4
5
6
7
_S
^
10
11
12
13
14
15
s;
17
18
19
20
21
22
s.
241
25|
26
27
28
29
W.
rises.
m. h. ra.
15m. 11 26a
h. m.
11 2ia,
7m.
57
44
32
20
9
1
11 55a.
58m.
59
3a.
7
9
5
55
4ia.
23
3
43
23
4
48
0 19m
0 42
1 4
1 26
1 50
2 2im
sets.
8 22a.
9 22
10 8
10 43
11 9
11 3ia.
11 50
0 9m
0 28
0 47
1 8
35a.
26
20
?
15m.
10
4
1 3im
rises.
7 9a.
8 4
8 50
9 28
9 58
11 5ia.
0 16m
0 41
1 4
1 28
1 54
2 26m
sets.
8 14a.
9 15
10 2
10 38
11 6
11 29a.
11 49
0 9m
0 29
0 50
1 12
-5^
h. m.
11 15a.
11 47a.
„
.,
c
o
c
si
« .
t: u
■i^
o«*J
JS
O
fcc
rises.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
1 n soa .
in ssjj
0 14m
0 40
1 5
1 30
1 57
2 3im
sets.
8 7a.
9 8
9 66
10 33
11 2
11 26a.
11 48
2 .54m* 10 23a,
1 36m
rises.
7 la.
7 56
8 43
9 22
9 64
10 20a.
0 lom
0 31
0 52
1 16
1 42m
rises.
6 54a
7 49
8 36
9 16
9 49
10 na.
11 34a. 11 32a.
0 6m
0 36
1 6
1 35
2 7
0 4m
0 36
1 8
1 39
2 13
2 46m
sets.
7 45a.
8 47
9 37
10 18
10 50
11 19a.
11 45
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA
TIONS.
Sundays and other Remarkable
Days.
:^C D 2449 Baily.
1st Sunday after Trinity.
Last transit of ^ 17G9.
Ij. stationary.
Severe frost m
[U. S.1816
2 83m
sets
7 38a.
8 40
9 32
10 14
10 48
11 18a.
11 46
0 lom
0 13m
0 35
0 40
1 0
1 6
1 27
1 34
1 57m
2 6m
rises.
rises.
6 32a.
6 25a.
7 27
7 20
8 17
8 10
9 0
8 56
9 36
9 33
10 8a.
10 6a.
2d Siinday after Trinity.
3d Sunday after Trinity.
□ 3^0. Bat. Bunker Hill, 1775.
6 D ^- Bat. of Waterloo, 1815.
.^D28TTp. ^ D U- [d. 1838.
>m)GSIT]^. d D«np. Wni. IV.
Summer begins. 5j< ]) 1617 Baily.
]]^ stationary.
4th S. aft. Trin. >|C ]) 1 , *, tt HI •
C5 ]) a rU • St. John Baptist.
24ih. d D h-
I [mouth, 1778.
Sup. d ^ O- Battle of Mon-
□ $©. Madison died, 1836.
5th Sund. after Trin. >}CD 45-ss..
•22 July, Seventh Month, begins on Monday. [1839.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean time.
1st day.
1 7th day. |
13th day. |
19th day.
1 25ili day. |
Begins. 1
h. m. li
Ends.
1. m.
[Begins.
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends. 1
h. m.
Begins
h. m.
. Ends.
h. m.
Begins
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Boston,
2 12m. £
54 a
2 19m.
9 49 a.
2 26m.
9 44 a.
2 35m
. 9 37 a.
2 44m.
9 28 a.
N.York,
•2 26 £
49
2 32
9 36
2 39
9 31
2 46
9 25
'2 64
9 18
Wash.
2 39 S
27
2 44
9 24
2 61
9 19
2 58
9 14
'3 5
9 7
Charles.
3 13 8 53
3 17
8 51
3 22
8 48
3 27
8 45
3 32
8 40
N. Orl's.
3 25 8 41 1 13 29
3 39
3 33
8 37
3 37
8 34
3 42
8 30
Perigee and Apogee of the Moen.
Perigee, 7th day, Oh. M. | Apogee, 19th day, Ih. M.
Phases of the Moon.
Last Quarter, 4th day. Oh. 6.1m. M. First Quarter, 18th day, 9h. 53.7m. M.
New Moon, 10th " 5 53.3 A. Full Moon, 26th '' 6 17.8 M.
c
o
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S3
Q
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o
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>>
Q
tSun's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. for refract.) M. T.
High water. M. time.
'
' *
c
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tn
O
o
i5
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.^ o
a
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m .
CO
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c
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h. m.
1
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
ri^-es.
h. m.
sets,
h. m.
rises,
h. m.
sets.
h. m
rises.] sets.
h. ra. h. m.
rises.
h. m
sets.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
M.
4 26
7 40
4 31
7 35
4 37
7 29
4 55 7 11
5 1
7 5
2 6m
. . .
10 48a.
2
Tu.
26
40
32
35
37
29
55 11
1
4
2 48
0 28m
11 34
3
W.
27
40
32
35
38
29
56 11
1
4
3 34
1 14
. . .
4
Th.
27
39
33
34
38
28
56 11
2
4
4 22
2 2
0 22m
5
F.
28
39
33
34
39
28
57
11
2
4
5 8
2 48
1 8
6
7
S.
Su.
29
39
34
34
40
28
57
11
3
4
6 7
3 47
2 7
4 30
7 39
4 35
7 34
4 40
7 28
4 53 7 11
5 4
7 4
7 23m
5 3m
3 23m
8
M.
30
38
35
33
41
27
58
10
4
3
8 44
6 24
4 44
9
Tn.
31
38
36
33
42
27
4 59
10
5
3
9 56
7 36
5 56
10
W.
32
38
37
33
42
27
5 0
10
5
3
10 57
8 37
6 67
11
Th.
33
37
38
32
43
26
0
10
6
3
11 49
9 29
7 49
12
F.
33
37
39
32
44
26
1
9
6
2
0 32a.
10 12
8 32
13
14
S.
Su.
34
36
39
4 40
31
45
25
1
9
7
5 8
2
1 13
1 5ia.
10 53
9 13
9 oim
4 35
7 36
7 31
4 45
7 25
5 2
7 9
7 2
11 3im
15
M.
36
35
41
30
46
24
3
8
8
2
2 29
0 9a.
10 29
16
Tu.
37
34
42
29
47
24
3
8
9
1
3 5
0 45
11 6
17
W.
38
34
43
29
48
23
4
8
10
1
3 40
1 20
11 40
18
Th.
39
33
44
28
49
23
4
7
10
1
4 13
1 58
0 18a.
19
F.
39
32
44
27
50
22
6
7
11
0
4 54
2 34
0 54
20
21
S.
Su.
40
4 41
32
7 31
45
4 46
27
50
21
5
6
11
7 0
6 45
3 25
1 45
2 53a.
7 26
4 51
7 21
5 6
7 6
5 12
6 69
6 53a.
4 33a.
22
M.
42
30
47
25
52
20
7
6
12
59
8 13
5 53
4 13
23
Tu.
43
29
43
24
53
19
7
5
13
68
9 24
7 4
5 24
24
W.
44
28
49
23
53
18
8
4
13
57
10 21
8 1
6 21
25
Th.
45
27
49
22
54
17
8
3
14
67
11 9
8 49
7 9
26
F.
46
26
50
22
65
17
9
3
14
56
11 53
9 33
7 63
27
28
S.
Su.
47
25
51
4 52
21
7 20
56
4 56
16
10
5 11
2
16
65
6 55
. . .
10 11
8 31
4 48
7 24
7 15
7 1
5 16
0 3mi
10 50a.
9 loa.
29
M.
49
23
53
19
57
14
11
0
16
54
1 10
11 29
9 49
30
Tu.
50
22
54
18 58
14
12
7 0
17
54
1 49
. . .
10 28
31
W.
51
21
55
17 69
13
13
6 59
18
63
2 28
0 8m
11 7
1839.J Juhj has Thirty-one Days. 23
Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets.
1st day.
/th day.
j 13th day. ,
1 19th day. j
Souths. 1 Dec. 1
2oth day.
Souths. Dec.
' Souths.
Dec.
Sovlhs.
Dec.
Souths
. Dec. 1
1 h. m.
o /
h. m.
0 i
h. m.
0 /
h. m.
0 / i
h. m. ^
^
0 27a.
-}-24 20
0 66a
-
-22 4
3 1 19a
L.--19 66
1 36a.
-}-16 33'
1 46a. -f-12 64
$
3 7
-}-15 23
3 8
-
-12 6
J 3 7
--10 14
3 6
-[-7 29
3 4
-f- 4 41
J'
5 32
— 0 48
5 20
— 2 '
7 5 8
— 3 SO
4 66
4 54
4 45
— 6 19
1 6 4m
-[- 5 62
1
1 5 48II]
-}- 6 1(
5 5 32111,-}- 6 36
5 16m
+ 6 49
4 59m
-j- 6 67
6 la.
— 2 40
5 39a.
— 25:
J 5 17a
. — 3 8
4 56a.
— 3 25
4 35a.
— 3 43
h
i 9 35 i
—19 16
9 10
i — 19 1
J 8 45
— 19 11
8 21
— 19 10
7 67 1 — 19 9
y
! 4 3cm'
— 6 6
i 4 12in
— 6 f
BJ 3 48m — 6 lOJ
3 24m
— 6 13|
3 om| — 6 16
c
ii
Moon rises or sets. Mean lime.
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
.
c
„
oT
s
<y
^
0
0
a
a
TIONS.
o
oi
11
c
0
0
P3
0
.S 0
0 0
^ t
rises.
T 0
rises.
Sundays and other Remarkable
Days.
rises.
rises.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
ii. m.
h. ra. 1
h. m.
1
3 4:3m.
10 47a.
10 46a.
10 44a.
10 39a.
10 39a.
:^])(p, 96 s^::^]) Uranus.
2
4 30
11 8
11 8
11 8
11 7 1
11 9
DOU-
8
5 17
11 29
11 31
11 32
11 35
11 39
Earth farthest from the Sun,
4
6 4
11 53
11 56
11 69
...
. . .
Independence dec. 1776. [1830.
5
6 54
. . .
. . .
. . .
0 7m!
0 12m
D^O- d ?«cQ- Algiers tak.
6
7 48
0 21m
0 25m
1 im
0 30m
0 43
1 24m
0 60
>|CD9&7;B. ^])b,e,c,&d,
6th S. after Trin. [PJeiadum.
8 46111.
0 55m
1 7m
1 32m
8
9 47
1 37
1 44
1 51
2 11
2 21
*])i368. n$o.
9
10 50
2 31
2 39
2 46
3 8
3 19
Braddock defeated, 1775.
10
11 62
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets, i
sets.
11
0 5oa.
8 37a.
8 32a.
3 26a.
8 9a.
8 4a.
(5 D (?.
12
1 44
9 8
9 4
9 0
8 47 '
8 43
Bat.ofBoyne, 1690,N. S.
18
2 32
9 32
9 29
9 5ia.
9 2G
9 17 I
9 16
9 46a.
14lh. Hamilton d. 1804.
1th Sunday after Trinity.
6^
3 17a.
9 53a.
9 49a.
9 45a.
15
3 69
10 12
10 12
10 11
10 11
10 12
14th. >KD59^. Oc. of ?.
16
4 S9
10 30
10 31
10 32
10 35
10 38
17
5 19
10 49
10 51
10 53
11 0
11 5
,5 ])Spica. d ])(^, Ii.
18
5 59
11 9
11 13
11 16
11 27
11 33
19
6 42
11 32
11 37
11 42
11 56
. . .
d(^U. <^1°27'S.
20
7 28
. . .
. . .
. . .
• . •
0 3m'
6)>ciW[,\i. Sth S. after Trin.
6\
8 17a.
0 OlD
0 61T1
0 12m
0 29m
0 38m:
22
9 10
0 35
0 42
0 60
1 9
1 19
23d. Gambarl's Comet in Peri-
23
10 4
1 21
1 29
1 36
1 58
2 9 1
Gibraltar taken, 1704. [helion.
24
11 0
rises.
jnses.
rises.
rises.
rises.
25
11 56
7 253.
7 19a.
7 13a.
6 54a.
6 49a.
26th. Coleridge d. 1834,
26
8
S 0
7 65
7 60
7 35 1
7 32
*D27VJ^. d$«^.
27
5'.
0 49m.
8 28
8 24
8 21
8 10
6 42a-
8 8
8 4ia.;
>K])42, 45:»,.
9th Sunday after Trinity.
1 39m
8 52a.
8 ooa.
8 4sa.
29
2 27
9 14
9 13
9 13
9 11
9 12
$^.E.elon.45°42'. c5 ]) y.
30
3 15
9 35
9 36
9 37
9 40
9 42
:fC D 60 H . 1st Masonic Lodge
31
4 2
9 57
9 59
10 2 ]
0 9 1
0 14
[established in U. S. 1733.
24 August, Eighth Month, begins on Thursday. [1839.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean time.
1st day. i] 7th day. |
13th day.
19th day. j
1 25th day. |
Begins,
h. m. h
rinds.
. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h.m.
Begins.; Ends,
h. m. jh. m.
Begins.] Ends.
1. m. h.m.
Begins.
:h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Boston,
2 55m. 9
17 a.
3 5 m.
9 5 a.
3 15ra.|8 53 a.
3 24m. 3 42 a.
3 34m.
8 30 a.
N. York,
3 4 9
8
3 14
8 56
3 23
8 45 '
3 32 8 34
3 40
8 24
Wash.
3 14 8
58
3 22
8 48
3 30
8 38
3 38 8 28
3 46
8 18
Charles.
3 39 8
33
3 45
8 25
3 50
8 18
3 56 8 10
[4 2
8 2
N. Orl's.
3 48 8
24
3 54
8 16
3 59
8 9
4 4 8 2
4 8
7 56
Perigee and Apogee of the Moon.
Perigee, 1st day, 7h. iM. Perigee, 27th day, 7h. A.
Apogee, ]5th " 9 A.
Phases
Last auarter, 2d day, 4h. 40.8m. M
New Moon, 9th " 4 10.5 M
First auarter, 17th " 3 29.5 M
of the Moon.
Full Moon, 24th day, 4h. 29.6m. A.
Last Quarter, 31st "" 9 39.7 M.
c
o
Cm
O
o
>-,
OS
r
5un's uppe
r limb rises and sets, (cor. for refract.) M. T.
High water. M. time.
■»
6
a
o
o
-a
a
o
o
«
O
m
B
S 6
o
^.
o
1
B5
s
a
o
h. m.
rises,
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises
h. m
. .sets.
. h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
Th.
4 52
7 20
4 56
7 16
5 0
7 12
5 13
6 58
5 19
6 53
3 7m
0 47m
11 48a.
2
F.
53
19
57
15
1
11
14
67
19
52
3 48
I 28
. . .
3
4
S.
Su.
54
18
7 16
58
4 59
14
7 13
1
10
14
5 15
56
6 55
20
8 20
51
6 50
4 34
2 14
0 34m
4 65
5 2
7 9
5 39m
3 19m
1 39m
5
JVI.
56
15
5 0
12
3
8
16
54
21
49
7 6
4 46
3 6
6
Tu.
57
14
1
11
4
7
16
53
21
48
8 40
6 20
4 40
7
W.
58
13
2
10
5
6
]7
52
22
48
9 65
7 36
5 55
8
Th.
4 69
11
3
8
6
4
18
61
23
47
10 52
8 32
6 52
9
F.
5 0
10
4
7
7
3
18
60
23
46
11 39
9 19
7 39
10
11
S.
Su.
1
9
7 8
5
6
8
2
19
49
24
5 24
45
6 44
0 -^oa.
10 0
8 20
5 2
5 6
7 6
5 9
7 0
5 20
6 48
0 66a.
10 36m
8 56m
12
M.
3
7
7
3
10
6 59
20
47
25
43
I 26
11 6
9 26
13
Tu.
4
5
3
2
11
58
21
46
25
42
1 59
11 39
9 59
14
W.
5
4
9
7 0
12
67
2-2
45
26
42
2 27
0 7a.
10 27
15
Th.
6
2
10
6 59
13
55
22
44
27
41
2 65
0 35
10 55
16
F.
7
7 1
11
58
14
54
23
43
27
40
3 26
1 6
U 26
17
18
S.
Su.
3
6 59
6 58
12
5 13
57
15
53
6 52
24
42
28
39
4 8
1 48
0 8a.
5 9
6 55
5 16
5 24
6 41
o 28
6 38
4 54a.
2 34a.
0 54a.
19
M.
10
56
14
54
17
50
25
40
29
37
6 6
3 46
2 6
20
Tu.
11
55
15
53
IS
49
26
39
29
36
7 35
5 15
3 35
21
VV.
12
54
16
51
19
48
27
38
30
35
8 53
6 38
4 58
22
Th.
14
52
17
50
20
46
27
37
30
34
9 59
7 39
5 59
23
F.
15
51
18
49
21
45
28
36
31
33
10 48
8 23
6 43
24
25
S.
Su.
16
49
19
47
21
43
29
35
32 32
11 32
9 12
7 32
5 17
6 48
5 20
6 45
5 22
6 42
5 29
6 34
5 32 6 31
. . .
9 54a.
8 14a.
26
M.
18
46
21
43
23
41
30
33
33
30
0 14m
10 30
8 60
27
Tu.
19
44
22
41
24
39
31
32
34
29
0 50
11 5
9 25
28
W.
20
42
23
40
25
38
32
31
34
28
1 25
11 42
10 2
29
Th.
21
41
24
38
26
36
32
29
35
27
2 2
. . .
10 39
30
F.
22
39
25
36
27
34
33
28
35
26
2 39
0 19m
11 24
31
S.
23
37
26 34
28
33
34
26
36 1 24 1
3 24
14 ...
1839.] August has Thirty-one Days. 25
Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets,
1st day.
7th day.
13th day.
19th day. |
25th day. |
S0uth^.
Dec.
Souths.
Dec.
Sotiths
. Dec.
Souths.
Dec.
Souths.
Dec.
h. m.
0 /
h. m.
h. m.
0 /
h. m.
0 /
h. m.
5
1 50a.
8 41
1 47a
+ 62
4 1 37a
.-f- 2 47
1 18a.
-f- 1 15
0 4Ba.
-j- 1 24
V
2 69
— 1 25
2 54
— 1 2
1 2 48
— 4 4
2 39
6 38
2 29
— 9 1
4 33
— 7 58
4 22
— 9 2
5 4 12
— 10 60
4 3
12 14
3 54
— 13 37
4 39m
4-6 67
4 20m
-|- 0 4
9 4 2m -|- 6 32
3 43m
+ e ,
3 22m
+ 5 34
4 iia.
— 4 7
3 5ia
— 4 2
9 3 3ia
. — 4 52
3 iia.
— 5 16
2 6ia.
5 41
h
7 29
— 19 22
7 6
— 19 2
5 6 41
— 19 31
6 18
— 19 36
6 55
— 19 41
y
2 32m
— 6 21
2 8m
— 6 2
5 1 44m| — 6 31
1 19m
— 6 36
0 65m
— 6 41
-fi
Moon rises or sets. Mean time.
B
1 1
«
0
a
.V
m
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
S
s .2
=a
<jd
_o
0
C
TIONS.
Cm
o
03
2 aj
0
0
rises.
.S 0
Sundays and other Remarkable
OS
S^
0
rifses.
s
^
Days.
rises.
rises.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
4 52m.
10 23a.
10 27a.
10 3ia.
10 43a.
10 49a.
Lammas Day. Continent of Am.
2
6 43
10 65
11 0
11 8
11 22
11 30
<5 $ ;9 ITJ^. [discov. 1498, O. S.
8
6 39
11 35
11 41
11 48
. . .
. . .
*D59B. 6$(^W' ^1°45'N.
\Qth Sunday after Trinity.
;fC ]) c Aurigae.
N.
7 38m.
0 7m
0 17m
5
8 39
0 23m
0 30m
0 3S1I1
0 59
1 10
6
9 40
1 22
1 30
1 37
1 59
2 10
5ih. ^atgreat. E. elon.27°20'.
7
10 39
2 32
2 39
2 46
3 6
3 16
d^,"H. Sl°27/N.
8
11 34
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
Yi stationary.
y
0 24a.
7 34a.
7 30a.
7 27a.
7 17a.
7 16a.
10
1 10
7 57
7 55
7 53
7 46
7 46
Wth Sun. after Trin. c5 }) 5 •
1 53a.
8 16a.
8 15a.
8 14a.
8 12a.
8 13a.
12
2 34
8 34
8 34
8 35
8 36
8 39
dD?.
13
3 14
8 52
S 54
8 66
9 1
9 5
*])40TT5. c5DU-
14
3 54
9 11
9 15
9 17
9 27
9 32
(j D Spica. 6]> $■
15
4 36
9 33
9 37
9 41
9 55
10 1
Scott b. 1771. Napoleon, 1769.
16
5 21
9 59
10 4
10 10
10 27
10 35
Bat. Banning. '77. Camden, '80.
17
6 8
10 31
11 iia.
10 38
11 19a.
10 44
11 4
11 14
,5 ]) Vl- 18ih. 5 stationary.
12^/1 S. after Trin. I ]) a HI.
S.
6 59a.
11 25a.
11 47a.
11 68a.
19
20
7 52
8 48
18th. Delambre died, 1822.
0 im
0 9m
0 16m
0 38m
0 49m
21
9 43
1 2
1 9
1 16
1 37
1 48
*D58/.
22
10 37
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
23d. ^l^rH. ^D^Vf-
23
11 29
6 28a.
6 24a.
6 20a.
6 7a.
6 4a.
24ih. ^ D 58 s;sy. ^.tp ^.
24
8
6 53
7 16a.
6 50
6 48
6 40
6 38
7 iia.
St. Bar. 25th. <5 ]) l^.isjc D 96«;..
\nth Sun. after Tr. St. James.
6\
0 19m.
7 14a.
7 14a.
" iia
26
1 8
7 38
7 38
7 39
7 41
7 43
25lh. Herschel d. 1822.
27
1 68
8 1
8 3
8 5
8 11
8 15
DOh- Bat. on L. Island, 1776-
28
2 47
8 26
8 30
8 33
8 44
8 50
[Island, 1778.
29
3 39
8 66
9 1
9 6
9 21
9 29
>fC D 47, £ cp. Battle on Rhode
30
4 34
9 33
9 39
9 46
10 4 1
0 13
Venus most brilliant as evening
31
6 32
10 18 1
10 25
10 32
10 64 J
1 6
[star-
26 September, Ninth Month, begins on Sunday. [1831).
TwiJigbt begins and ends. Mean time.
1st day. 1
7th day. |j
13th day.
19ih day. \ |
25iii day. |
Begins. 1 £
h. m. h.
Inds.
m. 1
Begin
h. m.
s. Ends. Begins
b. m. h. m.
Ends,
b. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends.
b. m.
Begins,
b. m.
Ends.
1. m.
Boston, j3 44m. 8
16 a. 3 5im. 8 4 a.| 3 59m
7 52 a.
4 7m.
7 40 a.
4 16m.
7 28 a.
N.York, 3 40 s
11 3 56
8 0 4 3
7 49
4 10
7 37
4 18
7 26
Wash. I3 54 8
6
4 0
7 56 4 7
7 45
4 14
7 34
4 21
7 23
ChaTles. 48 7
62
4 12
7 43 4 17
7 34
4 22
7 25
4 28
7 16
N. Orl'8.'4 14 7
46
14 17
7 39 4 21
7 31
4 25
7 22
4 30
7 14
.Apogee and Perigee of the Moon.
Apogee, 12th day, 3h A. | Perigee, 24th day, 5h. A.
Phases of the Moon.
New Moon, 7th day, 5h. 13.0ni. A. Full Moon, 23d day, 2h. 1.7m. M. J
First auarter, 15th " 8 51.4 A. Last Quarter, 29th " 4 35.5 A. |
eUl
Sun's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. for refract.) M. T.il
High water. M. time.
Days of Mon
Days of Wee
o
^.
a
o
S
03
* 1 1
O
o
Charleston,
N. Orleans,
&.C.
c
o
on
O
o
h. m.
B
o
0) .
1
rises, sets.
1. m. h. m.
rises.\
h. m.
sets, r
h. m. 1
ises.
1. m.
sets.
1. m.
rises, sets.
b. m. h. m.
rises. \
b. m.
sets.
b. m.
h. m.
h. m.
iSu.
5 24 i
) 36
5 27
6 33 t
. 29 (
5 31
5 35
5 25
5 37
B 23
4 16m
1 56m
0 16m
2M.
26
35
28
32
30
30
35
24
37
22
5 30
3 10
1 30
3Tu.
27
33
29
30
31
28
36
22
33
21
7 5
4 45
3 6
4W.
28
31
30
29
32
27
37
21
38
19
8 40
6 20
4 40
5Th.
29
30
31
27
33
25
37
20
39
18
9 49
7 29
5 49
6F.
30
28
32
26
34
24
33
19
39
17
10 43
8 23
6 43
7S.
31
26
6 25
33
5 34
24
6 23
35
5 35 \
23
33
18
40
16
6 15
11 25
9 5
7 25
8Su.
5 32
6 21
5 39
6 16 5 40 1
0 2a.
9 42m
8 2m
9M.
33
23
35
21
36
20
40
15
41
13
0 31
10 11
S 31
10 Tu.
34
21
36
19
37
18
40
14
42
12
0 57
10 37
8 67
11 W.
35
19
37
18
38
17
41
12
42
11
1 22
11 2
9 22
12 Th.
36
17
38
16
39
16
42
11
43
10
1 48
11 28
9 48
13 F.
37
16
39
14
40
13
42
9
43
8
2 17
11 57
10 17
14 S.
15 Su.
38
14
6 12
40
5 41
12
41
5 41
12
G 10
43
5 43
6
44
7
6 6
2 51
3 3ia.
0 3ia.
10 61
11 3im
5 39
6 10
6 7
5 44
1 iia.
16 M.
40
11
42
8
42
9
44
6
45
5
4 17
1 57
0 17a.
17 Tu.
41
9
42
7
43
7
45
5
45
4
6 27
3 7
1 27
18 W.
42
7
43
5
44
6
45
4
46
3
6 58
4 33
2 68
19 Th.
43
6
44
4
44
4
46
3
46
2
8 22
6 2
4 22
20 F.
44
4
45
2
45
2
47
1
47
1
9 30
7 10
5 30
21 S.
45
2
6 0
46
6 1
46
6 1
5 59
47 |6 0
47
6 0
10 21
8 1
6 21
22 Su.\5 46
5 47
5 59
5 47
5 43
5 59
5 48
5 53
11 8a.
8 48a.
7 ea.
23 M. j 47
5 58
48
57
48
67
48
57
48
57
11 44
9 24
7 44
24Tu.| 48
56
49
55
49
65
49
55
49
55
• • .
10 0
8 20
25 W.
49
64
50
53
50
53
50
64
50
64
0 2om
10 37
8 57
26 Th
. 60
62
51
52
61
52
50
53
50
53
0 67
11 15
9 35
27 F.
51
60
52
50
52
51
51
51
51
51
1 36
. . .
10 22
28 S.
63
49
63
49
53
49
5 47
52
5 52
50
51
50
5 49
2 22
0 2m
0 5om
11 10
29 Su
.5 54
5 47 6 64
5 47
5 54
5 48
5 52
3 lom
30 M.
-
55
45 I 65 1 45
55
45
53
47
52
48 11 4 5
1 45
0 5m
1839.] September has Thirty Days. 27
Passaye or the Meridian (mean time; and Declination of the Planets.
1st day. 1
7th day.
13th day.
19th day. j
25lh day. j
Souths.
Dec.
Souths.
Dec.
Souths
Dec.
Soullis.
Dec.
Souths.
Dec.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
, h. m.
h. m.
?
a
0 oa. -
■f4 3
11 20m
-(-7 22
1 10 55n
1 -j- 9 32 10 49m
-j- 9 2-3
10 68m
-f- 6 54
1 13 -
—11 26
1 56a.
— 13 7
1 35a
. — 14 19 1 8a.
— 14 51
0 37a.
— 14 34
3 44 -
—15 12
3 36
— 16 29
3 28
— 17 43 3 21
— 18 54
3 14
— 20 0
2 57 m
4-4 43
2 35m
-|- 3 50
2 iin
1 -f- 2 46 1 47m
-j- 1 35
j 1 22m
-(- 0 18
2 28a. -
— 6 12
2 9a.
— 6 38
1 50a
. — 7
c 1 3ia.
— 7 34
1 12a.
— 8 2
h
5 29 I-
—19 2-2
5 6
— 19 26
1 4 44
— 19 30' 4 22
— 19 36
4 0
— 19 41
y
0 26m' 6 47l
0 2m
— 6 52
11 33
— 6 58 11 9
— 7 3
10 44
— 7 9
Jz
• .
Moon rises or sets. Mean time. j
c
- E
«
„
^
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
s
3 .5
^
4
o
on
a
o
c
TIONS.
o
CO
§1
c
o
is
Sundays and other Remarkable
>1
S^
o
^
Days.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h, m.
h. m.
h. m.
5.
6 33m.
11 15a.
11 23a.
11 30a.
11 52a.
. . .
I4th Sund. after Trin. d gO-
2
7 34
0 3m
Inf. d 5 0. *D47n.
• *
3
8 33
0 22m
0 29m
0 36m
0 57m
1 8
4
9 28
1 33
1 39
145
2 3
2 12
[at Philadelphia, 1774
5
10 19
2 47
2 52
2 66
3 11
3 17
I St Congress (52 members) met
6
n 5
3 57
4 1
4 4
4 14
4 20
dD$. [d^«'^-
7
11 48
0 30a.
sets.
sets,
6 39a.
sets.
sets.
6 39a.
sets.
O eel. invisible in U. S. §1^.
loth Sunday after THnity.
6 39a.
6 39a.
6 4ia. ;
9
1 10
6 57
6 58
6 69
7 3
7 7 ;
Jewish y. 5600 begins. >f: ]) 28115.
10
1 51
7 16
7 18
7 21
7 29
7 34
dDSpica. d D ?. (5 D U-
n
2 32
7 36
7 40
7 44
7 56
8 2
9 stationary. 0 stationary.
12
3 15
8 0
8 5
8 10
8 25
8 33
dD^.
13
4 1
8 29
8 35
8 41
8 59
9 9
:^D IrU- ? stationary.
14
4 50
6 42a.
9 5
9 13
9 19
10 6a.
9 40
10 28a.
9 50
*])Tni. 6 ])«ni. d D h-
16/^ Sunday after Trinity.
9 6ia.
9 69a.
10 38a.
16
6 35
10 45
10 63
11 0
11 22
11 32
17
18
7 30
8 24
11 49
11 56
5 at great. W. elong. 17° 51'.
0 3m
0 22m
0 32m
19
9 16
1 ira
1 6m
1 12
1 28
1 37
21st. Scott died, 1832, a. 62.
20
10 7
2 15
2 19
2 23
2 36
2 43
4CD33, 42, 45^.
21
10 57
11 46a.
rises.
5 40a.
rises.
5 40a.
rises.
5 39a.
rises.
rises.
^D 81,82,90,96 ft», Uranus.
1th S. af. T. d hV^Oph. 5|CIS.
5 38a.
5 39a.
23
8
6 3
6 4
6 5
6 9
6 13 :
!^C])60, 62, 63 H- Autumn
24
0 37m.
6 27
6 30
6 33
6 41
6 47 1
[ begins.
25
1 29
6 55
6 59
7 4 1
7 17
7 24 ll
'K])^',47,£cp.
26
2 25
7 30
7 36
7 42
7 59
8 8 ':
4CD^,A,e,c,^,Ple. *])7;,9y•
27,
3 24
8 15
8 22
8 29
8 49
8 59
28
4 26
9 9
9 17 !
10 2ia.,
9 24
9 46
9 58 >
^D136B. 29ih. d 5S-
Si/i ;S. after Tr. St. Michael.
5^.
o -ism.
10 14a.
10 28a. ]
0 ooa.
11 la. ]
30
6 28
11 24
11 31 1
11 37 ll
1 56
... i
J9th. >m)47n.
28 October, Tenth lUonth, begins on Tuesday. [1839.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean time.
1st day.
1 7th day. |
13th day. ;
19th day. |
25ili day. |
Begins. Ends.
'Begins.
Ends.
Begins.
Ends. Begins., Ends.
Begins.
Ends.
h. m. h
. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m. h. ra. h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
Boston,
4 23m. 7
17 a.
!4 30m.
7 6 a.
4 37m.
6 55 a. 4 44m. 6 46 a.
4 60m.
6 38 a.
N.York
> 4 25 7 15
4 32
7 4
4 38
6 64 .4
44 6 46
'4 60
6 38
Wash.
4 27 7
13
'4 33
7 3
4 38
6 54 4 44 '6 46
4 50
6 38
Charles.
4 32 7 8
4 36
7 0
4 40
6 52 i 4 45 'e 46
4 49
6 39
N. Orl's
• 4 34 7 6
4 37
6 58
4 41
6 51 4 45 le 45
4 48
6 40
Apogee and Perigee of tlie Moen.
Apogee, 10th day, 5h. M. | Perigee, 23d day, 2h, M.
Phases of the Moon.
New Moon, 7th day, 9h. 5.3m. M. Full Moon, 22d dav, llh. 23.8m. M.
First Quarter, 15th " 1 16.6 A. Last Quarter, 29th " 2 52.1 M.
jS
A
Sun's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. for refract.) M. T.
IHigh water. M. time.
s
o
s
O
09
Q
,'' '
o
>%
a
ft
6
c
o
m
O
o
o
55
c
0 .
" 0
c
0
n .
0 0
5
12
0
1
1
h. m.
h. m.
c
0
<n .
0
7
1
■ises.\ sets.
\. m. h. m.
rises, sets.
h. m. h. m.
rises.
h. ra.
sets, rises.
h. m h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets,
h. m.
h. m.
1
Tu.c
) 56
5 43
5 5G
5 43
5 56
5 43 5 54
5 45
5 63
5 46
6 22m
3 2m
1 22m
2
W.
57
42
57
42
57
42
55
44
64
45
6 55
4 35
2 55
3
Th.
58
40
58
41
58
40
55
43
54
44
8 26
6 6
4 26
4
F.
5 59
39
5 59
39
5 59
39
56
42
55
43
9 36
7 16
5 36
5
~6
S.
Su.
6 1
38
6 0
38
6 0
38
5 37
66
41
56
42
10 21
8 1
6 21
6 2
5 36
6 1
5 37
6 1
5 57
5 40
5 56
5 41
11 3m
8 43m
7 3m
7
M.
3
34
2
3d
2
35
58
38
57
39
11 32
9 12
7 32
8
Tu.
4
33
3
34
3
34
58
37
58
38
11 59
9 39
7 59
9
VV.
5
31
4
32
4
32
5 69
36
58
37
0 23a.
10 3
8 23
10
Th.
6
29
5
31
5
31
6 0
35
5 59
36
0 48
10 28
8 48
11
F.
8
28
6
29
6
30
0
34
6 0
35
1 17
10 57
9 17
12
13
S.
Su.
9
26
7
28
7
6 8
29
5 27
1
33
0
6 1
5 33
1 50
2 23a.
11 30
9 50
6 10
5 24
6 8
5 26
6 2
5 32
0 3a.
10 23m
14
M.
11
22
9
25
9
25
2
30
2
32
3 6
0 46
11 6
15
Tu.
12
20
10
23
10
24
3
29
2
31
3 51
1 31
11 51
16
W.
13
19
11
22
11
22
4
28
3
29
4 54
2 34
0 54a.
17
Th.
14
17
12
20
12
20
5
26
4
28
6 22
4 2
2 22
18
F.
15
16
13
18
13
19
5
25
4
27
7 61
6 31
3 51
19
20
S.
Su.
17
14
14
17
14
6 15
17
6
24
5
26
8 65
6 35
4 55
6 18
5 13
6 15
5 15
5 16
6 7
5 23
6 6
5 26
9 48a.
7 28a.
5 48a.
21
M.
19
11
16
14
16
15
8
22
6
24
10 31
8 11
6 31
22
Tu.
21
10
18
12
17
14
8
21
7
23
11 14
S 54
7 14
23
W.
22
8
19
11
18
13
9
20
8
22
11 64
9 34
7 64
24
Th.
23
7
20
10
19
12
10
19
8
21
. . .
10 16
8 36
25
F.
24
5
21
8
20
10
11
18
9
20
0 36m
11 4
9 24 :
26
27
S.
Su.
25
4
22
7
21
6 22
9
5 7
11
17
10
19
1 24
11 50
10 10
11 oa.
6 27
5 2
6 24
5 5
6 12
5 16
6 10
5 18
2 lom
. . .
28
M.
28
1
25
4
23
5
13
15
11
17
3 0
0 40m
11 65
29
Tu.
29
5 0
26
3
24
4
14
14
12
16
3 56
1 35
. . .
30
W.
31
4 53
27
1
25
3
14
13
12
16
6 2
2 42
1 2m
31
Th.
32
57
28
0
26
2
15
12
13
15
6 28
4 8
2 28
1639.]
October has Thirty-one Days. 29
Passage of the Meridian (mean lime) and Declinatiun of the Planets. |
; 1st day. 1
7th d»y.
1 i3lh day.
1 19th day.
25th day. |
Suut/is.
Dec.
Souths. 1 Dec.
: Soutlis
. Dec.
j Souths.
Dec.
SoutJts.
Dee.
h. m.
h. m.
o
h. m.
e
,\\ h. m.
0 1
h. m.
^
11 12m
-f- 3 2
11 27m
— 1 27 11 421
Q — 6
l' 11 55m
— 10 20
0 sa.
— 14 18
?
0 3a.
— 13 25
11 25
— 11 33 10 52
— 9 17 10 21
— 7 7
9 56m
— 6 20
3 8
— 21 1
3 3a.
— 21 sa! 2 57a
. — 22 44 j 2 52a.
— 23 24'
2 48a.
— 23 57
0 56m
14
0 29m
— 2 2'
1
r 0 2r
Q — 3 48 11 29a.
— 6 16
11 3a.
— 6 22
0 53a.
— 8 30
0 34a.
— 8 5£
) 0 16a
. — 9 27 11 57m
9 55
11 38m
— 10 23
h
3 38
— 19 47
3 17
— 19 5C
i'\ 2 55
— 19 69 2 34a.
— 20 6
2 13a.
—20 13
10 20
— 7 14
9 56
— 7 IJ
) 9 31
1 — 7 23 9 7
— 7 26
8 43
— 1 29
Moon rises or sets. Mean time. |
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
c
-a 2
■
»*
^
o
o
a
o
o
c
o
at .
c
QcSJ
TIONS.
Sundays and other Remarkable
1^
o
e3
o
^
Days.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m. j
1
2
7 24m.
8 16
0 5m j
1 10 !
Removal of the public deposites
[from Bank U. States, 1833.
0 36m
0 4im
0 47m
1 2m
3 9 3
1 47
1 50
1 55
2 7
2 13
4 9 47
2 65
2 57
3 0
3 8
3 13
Battle of Germantown, 1777.
5 10 28
3 59
4 0
4 1
4 S
5 om
4 8
Inf. c5?0.
\9th S. after Tr. cJ ]) 5 , ?
S. 11 8m.
5 2m
5 2m
6 om
5 om
7j 11 49
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets. 1
8 0 29a.
5 4ia.
5 45a.
5 48a.
5 58a.
6 4a.
c5]) U-
9 1 12
6 4
6 9
6 13
6 27
6 34 J
Battle before Savannah, 1779.
10
1 57
6 31
6 37
6 43
7 0
7 8
11
2 45
7 4
7 11
7 17
7 37
7 47
6 Darn. 61> $. d Dh-
12
6\
3 35
4 27a.
7 46
7 53
8 45a.
8 1
8 22
8 33
(9 O 2 • Intensity of light 4.053.
20</iS.a. r. jfCDy^. 6$h'
8 37a.
8 52a.
9 ua.
9 2oa.
14
5 20
9 36
9 43
9 50
10 11
10 22 i
^t^DT/. 13ih.Canovad.1822.
15
6 13
10 42
10 48
10 54
11 12
11 22 1
Sup. 6 ^(*)'
16
7 4
11 52
11 57
. . . 1
. . .
...
17
7 54
0 2m
0 17m
0 24m
jfC ]) ^ Vf • Burgoyne sur. 1777.
18
8 43
1 sm
1 9m
1 12
1 23
1 28
19
9 31
2 20
2 22
2 24
2 30 t
2 34
d D 13. Cornwallis sur. 1781.
2\st Sund. after Trin. d ^ IJ..
5^. 10 2ia.
3 sera
3 36m
3 37m
3 38m
3 4im
21
11 13
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises. '
rises.
20tli. America discovered, 1492,
22
$
4 52a.
4 56a.
4 59a.
6 iia.'
5 17a.
d UO- [N. S.
23
0 8m.
5 25
6 30
5 36
5 51
5 59
*D64, gcp.
24
1 8
6 6
6 13
6 19
6 38
6 48
■)f D ;ir 8 • ? stationary.
25
2 10
6 59
7 6
7 13
7 35
7 46 1
dD/?8- Philadelphia settled.
26
5'.
3 15
4 19m.
8 2
9 13a.
8 9
8 17
8 39
8 49
[1682.
22rf Sunday after Tn7iity.
9 20a.
9 26a.
9 46a.
9 56a.
28
5 19
10 27
10 32
10 37
10 54
11 2
*DyG-
29
6 13
11 38
11 42
U 46
11 69
• • • 1
30
31
7 2
7 46
0 6m
1 7
(5 D « X) • St. Simon and St.
0 47m
0 49m
0 53m 1
1 2m
[Jude.
30 November^ Eleventh Month, begins on Friday. [1839.
Twilight begins and ends. Mean time.
1st day.
i 7th day. 11
13th day. j
19th day. |
25th day. |
Begins. I
h. m. h
jnds,
m.
'Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Begins
li. m.
. Ends. I
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends.
h. m.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Boston,
4 5Sm. 6
30 a.
5 51X1.
6 23 a.
5 iim
. 6 18 a.j's 17m.
6 14 a.
6 23m.
6 11 a.
N. York,
4 57 6
31
j5 4
6 24
5 10
6 19 is 15
6 16
6 21
6 13
Wasli.
4 57 6
31
6 3
6 26
6 8
6 21 1 6 IS
6 13
6 19
6 16
Charles.
4 54 6
34
4 89
6 29
5 3
6 25 ! 5 7
6 23
6 13
6 22
N. Orl's. k 53 |6
35
'4 56
6 31
6 1
6 28 ^5 5
6 26
5 9
6 25
Apogee and Perigee of the Moon-
Apogee, 6th day, lOh. M. | Perigee, 20th day, 2h. A.
Phases of the Moon.
New Moon, 6th day, 3h. 3.3m. M. Full Moon, 20th day, 9h. 5.1m. A.
First auartcr, 14th " 4 4.7 M. Last Quarter, 27th " 5 17.8 A.
-s'
c
o
s
o
DO
>>
a
j2
o
>.
Q
tSuii's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. for refract.) M. T.
High water. M. lime.
6
2
o
o
c
o
o
o
m
B
C3
(3
^.
o
00
O
P3
J4
O
1
O
rises.
fi. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
1. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
1. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
F.
6 33
4 55
6 29
4 59
6 27
5 1
6 16
5 11
6 14
5 14
7 49m
5 29m
3 49m
2
3
S.
Su.
34
64
4 53
30
58
4 57
28
5 0
17
6 18
10
15
13 !
8 59
6 39
4 59
6 35
6 31
6 29
4 69
5 9
6 16
5 12
9 46m
7 26m
5 46m
4
M.
36
51
32
66
30
58
19
8
17
11
10 23
8 3
6 23
5
Tu.
38
50
34
54
31
57
20
8
17
11
10 63
8 33
6 63
6
W.
39
49
35
53
32
56
21
7
18
10
11 24
9 4
7 24
7
Th.
40
48
36
51
33
55
22
6
19
9
11 53
9 33
7 53
8
F.
42
46
38
50
35
54
23
6
20
9
0 24a.
10 4
8 24
9
10
S.
Su.
43
45
39
49
36
53
24
4
20
6 21
8
0 65
10 36
11 12m
8 55
6 44
4 44
6 40
4 48
6 37
4 52
6 25
5 3
5 8
1 32a.
9 32m
11
M.
46
43
42
47
39
61
26
3
22
7
2 7
11 47
10 7
12
Tn.
47
42
43
46
40
50
27
2
23
6
2 49
0 29a.
10 49
13
W.
48
41
44
45
41
49
28
1
24
6
3 37
1 17
11 37
14
Th.
50
40
46
44
42
48
29
1
25
6
4 38
2 IS
0 38a.
15
F.
51
39
47
43
43
47
30
5 0
26
4
5 50
3 30
1 50
16
17
S.
Su.
52
38
48
42
4 41
44
46
31
4 59
4 59
26
4
7 3
4 43
5 46a.
3 3
6 53
4 37
6 49
6 45
4 46 [6 32
6 27
5 3
8 6a,
4 6a.
18
M.
64
36
50
40
46
45
33
58
28
2
9 5
6 45
5 6
19
Tu.
65
36
61
39
47
44
34
57
29
1
9 63
7 33
5 53
20
W.
67
35
53
39
48
44
35
57
29
1
10 44
8 24
6 44
21
Th.
58
34
64
38
49
43
36
56
30
1
11 36
9 15
7 35
22
F.
6 69
33
66
37
60
42
37
56
31
1
. . .
10 4
8 24
123
24
S.
Su.
7 0
32
56
36
61
42
1 38
6 38
56
4 55
32
6 33
0
5 0
0 24m
1 16m
10 56
11 43a.
9 16
7 2
4 32
6 57
4 36
6 52
4 41
10 3 a.
25
M.
3
31
58
35
53
41
39
55
34
0
2 3
. . .
10 49
26
Tu.
4
30
6 59
34
54
41
40
56
34
0
9 49
0 29n)
11 45
27
W.
5
30
7 0
34
66
41
41
55
36
0
3 46
1 25
. . .
28
Th.
6
29
1
33
66
40
42
65
36
0
4 41
2 21
0 4im
29
F.
8
29
3
33
67
40
43
65
37
0
6 43
3 23
1 43
30
S.
9
29
4
33
68
40
44
65
38
0
6 49
4 29
2 49
1839.] November has Thirty Days. 31
Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets.
1st day. ,|
7th day.
13th day.
|| lyth day. |
25th day. |
Souttis.
Dec. 1 i
Soutfts.
Dec.
Souths.
Dec.
Souths.
Dec.
Souths.
Dec.
h. m.
1
h. m.
0 1
h. m.
Q
, b. m.
0
h. m.
y
0 23a. -
—18 21!
0 36a.
— 21 14
0 50a
. — 23 30 1 3a.
—25 2
1 15a.
— 25 46
?
9 33m -
— 45
9 ism
3 43
9 711
1 — 3 54; 8 59m
4 35
8 63m
— 5 39
2 43a. -
—24 23!
2 39a.
24 37
2 35a
. — 24 40 2 3ia.
— 24 34
2 28a.
— 24 19
10 31 a. -
— 7 25
10 sa.
— 8 6
9 40a
. — 8 33 9 16a.
— 8 46
8 52a.
— 8 47
11 16m -
—10 55
10 58m
— 11 22
10 39n
1 — 11 48 10 20m
— 12 14
10 2m
— 12 38
h
1 48a. -
—20 20;
1 28a.
— 20 27
1 7a
. — 20 33 0 4§a.
— 20 40
0 26a.
— 20 46
^
8 15 -
— 7 33;
7 51
— 7 34
7 27
— 7 35 7 4
— 7 36
6 40
— 7 35
-fj
Moon rises or sets. Meantime. |
c
•« §
.
0 ^ 1
^
^
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
1
o Eh
^
q
c
0
TIONS.
o
a
0
0
.S 6
Sundays and other Remarkable
o a,
0
CQ
>*
si
0
0^
rises.
Days.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
8 28m.
1 52m
1 53m
1 66m
2 om
2 4m
All Saints.
2
9 8
9 48m.
2 56
2 56
3 58m
2 57
2 57
3 0
3 55m
C!D?.
23d Sunday after Trinity.
3 59m
3 57m
3 53m
4
10 28
5 0
4 58
4 56
4 48
4 48
5
11 10
6 3
5 59
5 56
5 44
5 42
c5DU.
6
11 54
sels. .
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
7
0 4ia.
5 6a.
6 13a.
6 19a.
5 38a.
6 47a.
c5 D 5. d Dain-
8
1 31
6 44
5 61
5 58
6 19
6 30
d 5 h- [1832, a. 56.
9
S.
2 22
6 31
6 38
6 46
7 8
7 19
,5 ]) (^. 10th. Spurzheim died,
24th Sunday after Trinity.
3 loa.
7 26a.
7 35a.
7 42a.
8 3a.
8 14a.
11
4 7
8 31
8 38
8 44
9 3
9 12
Venus most brilliant as morning
12
4 57
9 38
9 44
9 49
10 5
10 13
>|< D 17 Vf . [star.
13
6 46
10 48
10 52
10 56
11 8
11 15
[aged 96.
14
15
6 34
7 21
:^ D 42, 57>s5. . Carroll d. 1832,
4c])81,82^. >f^]) Uranus.
0 om
0 2m
0 5m
0 13m
0 ism
16
8 8
1 13
1 14
1 15
1 19
1 22
(5 5h-
25</i Sun. after Tr. <^ ]) 60, 62,
8 67a.
2 28m
2 28m
2 27m
2 26m
2 27m
18
9 49
3 44
3 42
3 40
3 34
3 34
[5H.
19
10 46
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
j^C D ,u, 47, 5 cp. 0 stationary.
20
11 48
3 ssa.
4 la.
4 7a.
4 24a.
4 33a.
* D 9, ^/ 8 , * P ^. ^, c, rf, /, ^,
21
8
4 42
449
4 56
5 16
5 26
[Pleiadum.
22
0 54m
5 41
5 49
5 56
6 18
6 28
*])136y. 1^ stationary.
23
2 0
6 53
7 1
7 7
8 21a
7 28
7 38
25ih. N. York evacuated, 1783.
2Qth Sun. after Trin. <$ $©.
S.
3 4m
8 9a.
8 isa.
8 39a.
8 48a.
25
4 3
9 24
9 29
9 33
9 48
9 55
*]) 83513.
26
4 55
10 36
10 40
10 43
10 53
10 59
^ ]) Regulus.
27
5 43
11 43
11 46
11 48
11 53
11 57
*D59^,
28
29
6 27
7 7
0 48m
0 49m
0 49m
0 5im
0 53m
30th. S^ Andrew.
SO
7 47
I 51
1 1 60
1 50
1 47
1 43
5 at greatest E. elong, 21° 16'.
32 December, Twelfth Month, begins on Sunday. [1839.
Twilight begins and ends. Moan time.
1st day.
7th day. |
13th (lay. ||
19th day.
1 25th day. |
Begins,
h. m.
Ends,
h. ra.
Begins,
h. m.
Ends.
h. m.
Begins
h. m.
.1 Ends.
h.m.
Begins.: Ends.
1. m. h. m.
Begins.
h. m.
Ends,
h. m.
Boston,
5 29m.
6 9 a.
5 3501.
6 9 a.
5 4011]
.6 8 a. 5 43m. 6 10 a.
5 46m.
6 14 a.
N.York
5 27
6 11
5 33
6 11
5 37
6 11 5 41
6 13
6 44
6 16
Wash.
5 25
6 13
0 30
6 14
5 34
6 14 i
> 38
6 16
5 41
6 19
Charles.
5 17
6 21
5 22
6 22
5 26
6 23 5 29
6 25
'5 32
6 28
N. Orl's
5 13
6 25
5 18
6 26
5 22
6 27 5 25
6 29
'5 28
6 32
Apogee and Perigee of the Moon.
Apogee, 3d day, Ih. A. Apogee, 31st day, 3h. M.
Pongee, ]9th " 0 M.
Phases of the Moon.
New Moon, 5th day, 9h. 52.Gm. A. Full Moon, 20th day, 7h. 36.4m. M.
First auarter, I3tb " 4 40.3 A. Last auatter, 27ih "' 11 37.3 M.
New Moon, January, 1840, 4th day, 4h. 12.1m. A.
J3
C
O
O
>-<
CJ
Q
Ol
IB
Cm
o
w
>>
CS
Sun's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. for refract.) M. T.
High water. M. time.
' ■*
6
c
o
n
o
o
CO •
a o
JS
O
09
B
a
55
d
c
o
o
oa
.it
0 .
bn 0
%^
to
0
CS
J=
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises
h. m.
sets,
h. m.
rises.
h. m.
sets.
h. m.
rises,
h. m.
sets,
h. m.
rises
h. m
sets,
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
1
Su.
7 10
4 29
7 5
4 34
G 59
4 40
6 44
4 55
6 38
5 0
7 64m
5 34m
3 64m
2
M.
11
29
6
34
7 0
39
45
55
39
0
8 50
6 30
4 50
3
Tu.
12
29
7
34
1
39
45
55
40
0
9 34
7 14
6 34
4
W.
13
23
8
33
2
39
46
55
41
0
10 16
7 56
6 16
5
Th.
14
28
9
33
3
38
47
55
41
0
10 56
8 36
6 56
6
F.
15
28
10
33
4
38
48
65
42
0
11 32
9 12
7 32
7
~8
S.
Su.
16
28
4 28
11
7 12
33.
5
38
4 38
48
6 49
55
43
0
0 9a.
9 49
8 9
7 17
4 33
7 6
4 55
6 44
5 0
0 42a.
10 22m
8 42m
9
M.
18
28
13
33
7
38
60
65
45
1
1 18
10 58
9 19
10
Tu.
19
28
14
33
8
38
61
65
46
1
1 55
11 35
9 55
11
W,
20
23
15
33
9
38
62
66
47
1
2 36
0 16a.
10 36
12
Th.
21
28
16
33
10
39
52
66
47
1
3 23
1 3
11 23
13
F.
21
28
16
33
10
39
63
56
43
2
4 16
1 66
0 16a.
14
15
S.
22
28
4 28
17
7 17
34
11
39
54
66
49
2
6 9
6 iia.
2 49
1 9
Su.
7 23
4 34
7 12
4 39
6 34
4 66
6 49
5 2
3 5ia.
2 iia.
16
M.
24
28
18
34
12
39
55
57
50
2
7 14
4 54
3 14
17
Tu.
24
29
18
34
13
40
55
57
50
3
8 24
6 4
4 24
18
VV.
25
29
19
35
13
40
56
57
51
3
9 29
7 9
5 £9
19
Th.
25
29
19
35
14
40
56
58
51
3
10 32
8 12
6 32
20
F.
26
30
20
36
14
40
67
58
52
4
11 26
9 6
7 26
21
22
S.
Su.
26
30
4 31
20
7 21
36
14
41
4 41
67
6 58
58
4 59
52
fi 53
4
6 4
. . .
9 68
8 18
7 27
4 37
7 15
0 18m
10 46a.
9 6a.
23
M.
27
31
21
37
15
42
68
4 59
53
6
1 6
11 3]
9 51
24
Tu.
28
32
22
38
16
43
59
5 0
54
5
1 61
. . .
10 37
25
W.
28
32
22
38
16
43
6 59
0
64
6
2 37
0 17m
11 18
26
Th.
29
33
23
39
17
44
7 0
1
55
C
3 18
0 58
. . .
27
F.
29
34
23
39
17
45
0
2
55
7
4 4
1 44
0 4m
28
29
Su.
29
34
24
40
IS
45
4 46
1
2
5 3
56
8
4 45
2 25
3 iim
0 45
1 3im
7 29
4 35
7 24
4 40
7 18
7 1
6 56
6 9
5 3im
30
M.
30
36
25
41
19
47
2
4
57
10
6 29
4 9
2 29
3 38
31
Tu.
30
37
25
42
19
48
2 1
6
67
10
7 38
5 18
1839.]
December has Thirty-one Days. 33
Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the PJanets. j
1st day. II
7th day. |
1 13th day.
19th day. |
25th day. |
Souths.
Dec. 1
Souths.
Dec.
Souths
Dec.
Souths.
Dec.
Souths.
Dec.
h. m.
o /
b. m.
o /
h. ra.
o /
h. m.
o / 1 h. m.
O 1
5
1 2ia. -
—25 38
1 15a.
— 24 41
0 44a.
— 23 4
11 50m
— 21 8 11 om
— 19 56
?
8 49m -
- 7 1
8 46m
— 8 36
8 45m
— 10 20
8 45
— 12 7
8 46
13 54
2 24a.-
-23 63
2 21 a.
—28 17
2 na.
— >22 32
2 13a.
— 21 38
2 9a.
20 35
8 30a. -
— 8 35
8 9a.
— 8 15
7 49a
— 7 46
7 30a.
— 7 6
7 12a.
— 6 22
9 43m -
—13 2
9 24m
— 13 25
9 5rr
I — 13 4'
8 45m
—14 7
8 26m
— 14 26
b
0 5a.-
—20 52
11 44
— 20 68
11 24
— 21 a
11 3
— 21 8
10 42
—21 13
y
6 17 -
— 7 34
6 53a.
— 7 33
5 30a
. — 7 30| 5 7a.
— 7 28
4 44a.
— 7 23
j:
MooH rises or sets. Meantime. ||
PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA-
c
•S g
.; 1
"
-
^
p
■1
o
to
a
o
s
cd
TIONS.
o
1 i
1^
a
o
IB
.1^
1
5 u
CO
J3
Sundays and other Remarkable
Datjs.
Q
«
^
rises.
o
rises.
rises.
me5.
rises.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
h. m.
5^. 8 27m.
2 53m
2 5im
2 49m
2 43m
2 43m
C5 ]) 5 • Advent Sundaij.
2
d 9
3 56
3 52
3 49
3 39
3 39
d $0- d D U- Beginning of
3
9 52
4 59
4 54
4 50
4 37
4 34
[1st Session of 26th Congress.
4
10 33
6 3
5 58
5 52
5 35
5 30
5th. Pres. Van Buren b. 1782.
5
11 27
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
sets.
D^O- dhO-
6
0 isa.
4 29a.
4 37a.
4 44a.
6 sa.
5 16a.
7
1 11
5 23
5 30
5 37
5 59
6 10
dD 5-
d D (^ . ^d Sunday in Advent.
s.
2 3a.
6 24a.
6 30a.
6 37a.
6 56a.
7 6a.
9
2 54
7 30
7 35
7 41
7 58
8 6
5 stationary.
10
3 43
8 39
8 43
8 47
9 1
9 8
11
4 30
9 49
9 52
9 55
10 4
10 9
>tCD t,33-».
12
5 16
10 59
11 1
11 3
11 7
11 11
:^<D73, 78«j,. 13th. ^ ]) ^.
13
a 1
16th. Severe cold in Boston, '35.
Washington died, 1799, a. 68.
Sd Sunday in Advent.
14i 6 47
0 lom
0 lom
0 iim
0 iim
0 13m
1 16m
5^.1 7 36a.
1 22m
1 2im
] 20m
1 I6ra
16
8 29
2 38
2 35
2 32
2 23
2 22
$ at great. W. elong. 46° 50'.
17
9 27
3 59
3 55
3 51
3 37
3 34
16th. Tea dest. in Boston, 1773.
18 10 30
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
rises.
Inf. c5 ? . 16th. Great fire in N.
19, 11 36
3 19a
3 26a.
3 33a,
3 55a.
4 5a.
>m)l36B. d?U-[York,'35.
20: S
4 25
4 32
4 39
5 1
5 12
17th. Bolivar died, 1830.
21 0 42m
5 39
6 46
5 52
6 12
7 25a.
6 21
7 33a.
•JfJ^y-YJ. Winter begins. St.
4th Sun. in Advent. {^Thomas.
S.\ 1 44m
6 58a
7 4a.
7 9a.
23 2 42
8 16
8 20
8 24
8 36
8 42
22d. Landing at Plymouth, 1620.
24 3 34
9 27
9 30
9 32
9 40
9 44
*De,49^.
25 4 20
10 35
10 36
10 37
10 40
10 43
Christmas Day. [177b.
26 5 3
11 39
11 39
11 38
11 38
11 39
St. Stephen. Battle of Trenton,
27 5 44
28 6 24
-)f ]) t/; TT]^. St. John.
Innocents.
1st Sunday after Christmas.
0 42rr
1 0 4iir
I 1 42m
0 39m
1 39m
0 34m
0 34m
S". 7 am
. 1 45rr
1 30m
1 29m
30 7 4S
2 48
2 44
2 40
2 27
2 24
dDU-
3]
li 8 34
3 54
3 49
3 43
3 27
3 23 1 6 D ? • Earth nearest the Sun.
34 ECLIPSES OF MARCH 15tH AND SEPTEMBER 7tH. [1839.
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN.
In the year 1839, there will be but two Eclipses, both of which will,
of course, be of the Sun. Neither of them will be visible in the United
States.
I. Friday March 15th. The Sun totally eclipsed.
Beginning of the General Eclipse, or the Moon's Penumbra first
touches the Earth at 6h. 26.2m. M, (Mean Time at Washington), in
Lat. 31° 17' South. Long. 82° 38' West.
The Total and Central Eclipse begins, or the shadow of the Moon
first touches the Earth at 7h. 22.0m. M., in Lat. 32° 25' South.
Long. 96° 37' West.
The Sun centrally and totally eclipsed, or the meridian at 9h. 1.9m. M.,
in Lat. 5° 59' South. Long. 30° 13' West.
End of the Central Eclipse, or the shadow of the Moon leaves the
Eaith at lOh. 48.4m. M., in Lat. 25=' 55' North. Long. 32° 6' East.
The Penumbra of the Moon leaves the Earth, or the General Eclipse
ends at llh. 44.1m. M., in Lat. 27° 3' North. Long. 18° 5' East.
This Eclipse will be visible to the greater part of South America and
Africa, to a large part of Europe, and of the Pacific and Atlantic
Oceans. The line of the total Eclipse passes over the centre of South
America and of Africa, and the narrowest part of the Atlantic Ocean.
XL Saturday, Sept 7th. The Sun annularly eclipsed.
The Moon's Penumbra first touches the Earth, or the General Eclipse
begins at 2h. 16.0m A. (Mean Time at Washington), in Lat. 33° 15'
North. Long. 154° 29' East,
The centre of the Moon's Penumbra first touches the Earth, or the
Central Eclipse begins, at 3h. 20.8m. A., in 35° 53' North. Long.
138° 11' East.
The Sun centrally eclipsed on the Meridian, at 5h. 6.3m. A., in Lat.
14° 49' North. Long. 154° 8' West.
The centre of the Penumbra leaves the Earth, or the central eclipse
ends, at 7h. 8.2m. A., in Lat. 20^ 50' South, and Long. 96° 55' West.
The Moon's Penumbra last touches the Earth, or the General Eclipse
ends, at 8h. 13.lm. A., in Lat. 23° 34' South. Long. 113° 29' West.
This Eclipse will be visible throughout the North, and in a large
part of the South, Pacific Ocean, in the eastern part of Russian Asia, in
the Islands of Japan, and in the extreme western part of North Amer-
ica. The line of the annular Eclipse begins on the Island of Niphon,
and thence passes nearly across the Pacific Ocean, so that the Eclipse
will not be annular in either continent of Asia or America.
1839.]
OCCULTATIONS.
35
OCCULTATIONS IN 1839.
The following table contains a list of those conjunctions of the Moon
with planets and stars of not less than the sixth magnitude, which may
prove to be Occultations in some part of the United States, also the
mean time (at Washington) of the true conjunctions in longitude, reck-
oned according to the manner of astronomers from noon to noon, and
the difference of the latitudes of the Moon and stars at the time of con-
junction.
The most interesting Occultations during the year, in the United
States, will be those of Venus, July 13th; of Uranus, July 1st, Sep-
tember 21st, and November 15th ; of Regulus, November 25th, and
of the Pleiades, January 23d, July 6th, September 2Cth, and No-
vember 20th. It is hoped they will be carefully observed.
*** Those marked with an asterisk will also be Occultations in some part of Europe.
Conju.
in
Long.^
Jan.
1
'10
18
21
*22
23
h. m.
6 53
15 38
16 26
16 51
19 3
Star's
Name.
*24
25
*26
27
28
*30
Feb. *3
20
22
*23
24
26
28
March 6
8
10
10 18
13 43
13 45
13 59
14 11
14 13
14 42
4 50
16 39
9 9
13 16
15 25
10 4
13 39
10 13
14 56
5 47
16
17 20
14 20
15 58
18 23
16 54
43/ G
i6ni
2Aim
3A2in
83/t':»
102 TtH
27i// cp
9 y
b Pleiad.
S "
e "
c "
d "
25,/ y
59j8
136 C 8
49cAuri,
76 en
43y23
50 nj
59;ir 8
49cAuri
47 n
]9;iG
34 i^
89 H^
y' /
60 a /
Star
i\. or
S.
Star'
Mag.
—50
-61
—26
18
—54
—25
—32
—43
—39
—17
— 7
+ 2
— 6
—32
—25
—46
—55
—14
—12
—46
21
—44
—55
—22
—36
-fl
—20
— 6
—23
-51
—50
5
5
5
6
3.4
6
6
6
6
4.5
5.6
5
5
5
3
6
4.5
6
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5.6
Mar.
April
13
16
18
22
23
27
30
31
1
2
May
9
15
19
20
*26
June
11
27
29
30
31
1
8
16
19
Conju.
in
Long,
h. m.
17 36
6 27
7 30
8 16
11 21
8 7
17 56
13 14
15 27
12 2o
14 41
15 39
18 23
15 43
8 38
7 38
9 50
9 39
14 43
15 27
17 50
17 27
8 17
10 32
13 21
15 27
12 10
11 20
14 19
8 16
7 58
Star's
Name.
70 -s;
71 a H
47 cp
48«cp
47 n
2 to' 03
84 T^
68 £ nj^ i
16l7Bai.
1690Bai.
16fn
2A'ni
67r nx
50-s;«
98
76 en
43 yG
50 np
25y Vf
21 ^\jf
'28cp];f
21! ^j cp
GSOMay.
m m
y' /
40 T /
58co /
244^)Bai.
47 cp
47?^
2811]^
Star
Star's
N. or
Mag.
S.
-^8
6
—45
4
—30
6
+ 1
5
—37
6
+ 9
6
—64
4
—52
5
—55
6
—11
6
—44
5
— 9
5
—39
3.4
—40
6
—50
6
—14
6
—46
5
—39
6
-62
5.6
—33
6
—63
6
—54
6
—20
6
_32
6
—69
5
—24
4
—68
6
—69
6
—30
6
—73
4
—56
6
36
oeCULTATlONSi
[1639.
Conju.
Star's
Star
Star's
in
Name.
N. or
Mag.
Long.
S.
b. m.
June 20
8 40
68 iVi]l
—34
5
21
10 53
1617 Bail.
—44
6
23
9 45
Urn
47
5
13 23
671 m
—42
3.4
15 16
630 May.
—15
6
*30
11 5
42D«i
—57
6
July *1
14 11
90 (fsi.
—44
5
16 46
Uranus.
—37
16 50
96^
—32
6
6
13 31
98
—57
6
16 52
b Pleiad.
—34
4.5
16 54
g "
—24
5.6
17 7
e "
—15
5
17 19
c "
—23
5
17 20
d "
-48
5
17 41
25./ 8
—41
3
8
17 10
136 C 8
—50
4.5
13
17 4
47?^
—61
4
*14
21 32
Venus.
— 8
26
9 50
27;f3yy
—62
6
27
12 15
33 I xsk
—18
4.5
17 0
42 t»
—26
6
17 33
45 D«.
—64
6
28
14 22
81^
—18
6
30
17 10
60 M
—38
6
17 52
62 H
-15
6
Aug. 3
13 34
59;r8
—64
6
5
16 25
49 c Aur.
— 5
6
13
7 13
40i//lTO
—56
5.6
21
10 51
58(0 /
—73
6
23
11 54
49(5vf
—24
3.4
*24
8 25
58 ««
—25
6
*2o
6 33
96^
—44
6
*29
9 9
47 cp
—58
6
*
10 6
48 s cp
—26
5
Sept. *2
12 35
47 n
—17
6
9
7 45
28 IT)^
—30
6
13
9 38
Urn
—25
5
14
6 28
Tin
—51
3.4
*20
6 54
33 I t5t
—18
4.5
11 33
42 "o.
—28
6
12 5
45Dt»
—66
6
*21
8 24
81 ^
—20
6
9 9
82 «s.
— 1
6
12 18
Uranus.
—38
14 2
90 m^
—58
5
16 30
96^
—45
6
23
9 0
60 H
—44
6
*
9 40
02 m
—22
6
*
10 0
63 ^>{
— 7
5
*25
10 28
34 ^cp
—20
6 1
Conju.
Star's
Star
Star'8
in
Name.
N. or
Mag.
Long.
S.
h. m.
Sept. 25
16 30|47 cp
-57
6
17 15 48 B cp
—25
5
26
7 48 9 8
—73
6
*
11 16 Pleiad.
—48
4.5
7f
11 3
g "
—38
5.6
*
11 17
e '^
—29
5
*
11 29
c «
—36
5
11 30
d "
—62
5
11 56
>? 8
—56
3
28
11 42
136 C 8
—59
4.5
29
17 59
47 n
—16
6
Oct. 13
4 45iy' /
—65
5
14
7 40 40T /
—26
4
17
7 53 49 d Vf
—27
3.4
23
13 22
64^ cp
+ 7
5.6
24
10 12
59 ;f 8
—62
6
28
15 0
43 7 515
— 5
5
Nov. 12
11 14
17Vf
—20
6
14
6 25
42^
—45
6
13 25
57o xi.
—21
5
*15
4 24
81 ^
—37
6
*
5 10
82^
—18
6
*
6 6
Uranus.
—44
17
6 47
60 W
—52
6
*
7 28|62 M
-29
6
¥
7 49 63 5 H
—16
5
n9
8 0 34 ^t cp
—16
6
13 50 47cp
—52
6
14 34 48 B cp
—21
5
20
4 32 9 8
—63
6
*
7 37 6 Pleiad.
—39
4.5
*
7 39^ "
—29
5.6
*
7 51 e "
—20
5
«
8 2c «
—28
5
8 4d «
—54
5
*
8 28'n 8
—48
3
9 5/ Pleiad.
—57
5
9 7A "
—52
5.6
*22
5 37 136 C 8
—40
4.5
25
15 10 83G
—24
6
26
15 17'Regulus,
—47
1
27
18 10 59c^
—13
5.6
Dec. 11
7 37,33 tajy
—52
4.5
12
7 l3 73As»
—21
4
8 19 78^
—12
6
19
16 50 136 C 8
—36
4.5
*21
9 41 77 X n
—39
4
24
12 547^^
—17
4
*
13 29 49 n
—37
6
27
16 47
40v^np
—28
5.6
1839.]
ECLIPSES or THE SATELLITES OF JUPITER.
37
ECLIPSES OF THE SATELLITES OF JUPITER IN 1839,
Visible throughout or in some part of the United States, in Mean Time
for the Meridian of Greenwich, reckoned, according to the manner of
astronomers, from noon to noon.
d.
h.
m.
s.
Sat.
d.
h.
m.
s.
Sat
Jan.
4
23
53
49
Im.
1
April
26
20
4
31
Em.
3
((
6
18
22
12
1
ii
26
13
52
54
1
ii
7
20
7
55
2
May
1
15
AG
42
2
li
13
20
15
34
1
a
1
21
18
30
1
ii
14
22
41
6
2
il
2
21
27
54
Im.
3
a
20
22
8
54
1
(I
3
15
47
5
Em.
1
li
22
16
40
36
Em.
3
((
8
18
23
12
2
a
28
0
2
16
Iio.
1
((
10
17
41
21
1
((
29
17
52
39
3
((
12
12
9
54
1
iC
29
18
30
34
1
((
17
19
35
40
1
a
29
20
37
12
Em.
3
((
19
14
4
16
1
Feb.
1
17
4
31
Im.
2
li
26
12
54
40
2
<(
5
20
23
56
1
ll
26
15
58
40
1
li
5
21
50
9
3
li
31
13
23
50
Im.
3
(C
6
0
33
53
Era.
3
ti
31
15
54
58
Em.
3
it
8
19
38
9
Im.
2
June
2
15
31
40
o
It
12
22
17
20
1
a
2
17
53
8
1
li
14
16
45
44
1
a
7
17
23
10
Ira.
3
(I
1.5
22
12
0
2
ll
9
18
8
48
Em.
2
li
20
0
10
47
1
ll
11
14
16
18
1
ti
21
18
39
11
1
il
16
18
23
32
Im.
2
((
26
14
3
18
2
((
18
16
10
51
Em.
1
li
28
20
32
41
1
(f
25
18
5
25
1
March 2
15
1
2
1
<<
27
12
34
3
I
(C
5
16
37
43
2
((
27
12
42
27
2
fl
6
13
41
44
3
July
4
12
57
53
Im.
2
li
6
16
22
16
Em.
3
a
4
14
28
39
Em.
1
ii
7
22
26
15
Im.
1
il
4
15
19
44
2
il
9
16
54
38
1
<<
11
15
35
23
Im.
2
ii
12
19
12
26
2
a
11
16
23
15
Em.
1
li
13
17
39
19
3
tl
13
13
18
22
Ira.
3
ll
16
18
48
18
1
ii
13
15
45
2
Em.
3
11
18
13
16
46
1
a
20
12
AQ
28
1
It
19
21
47
22
2
il
27
14
41
J
1
ii
20
21
37
11
3
ti
29
12
29
24
2
li
23
11
4
41
2
Aug.
5
15
6
24
2
ll
23
20
42
3
1
u
12
12
58
45
1
li
25
15
10
33
1
((
19
14
53
15
1
ll
30
13
40
1
2
ii
25
13
11
54
Im.
3
ti
30
22
35
54
1
il
30
12
15
17
Em.
2
April
1
17
4
25
1
Sept.
4
13
10
43
1
(;
3
S
n- ©
((
20
11
28
1
1
<(
6
18
40
28
Em.
2
Oct.
22
6
U 0-
ii
8
21
7
50
1
Dec.
1
22
48
33
Im.
1
tl
10
15
36
17
1
«
3
23
4
11
Em.
3
C(
11
12
9
2
3
ll
7
22
6
37
Im.
2
(<
13
21
16
7
2
ti
9
0
42
15
1
ll
17
17
30
16
1
it
11
0
48
29
3
It
18
16
7
1
3
it
15
0
40
5
2
il
19
11
58
48
1
It
17
21
4
21
1
tl
24
13
10
27
2
«
24
22
57
56
1
li
24
19
24
20
1
38
GAMBART'S COMET.
[1839.
EPHEMERIS OF GAMBART'S COMET,
Mout the Time of the Perihelion Passage in the Year 1839.
At Greenwich Mean Midnight.
Apparent
Apparent
Logarithm of the Distance]
Date.
Right
Ascension.
Declination.
from
the
Meridian
PygoQcro
Eaith.
Sun.
1839.
h. m. s.
O J
h. m.
April 29
1 38 36
N.16 31.0
03959
0.1803
23 9.2
May 3
1 50 37
17 20.3
0.3879
0.1682
23 5.5
2 3 8
18 8.6
0.3798
0.1558
23 2.3
11
2 16 11
18 55.5
0.3717
0.1430
22 59.7
15
2 29 47
19 40.8
0 3635
0.1300
22 57.5 i
19
2 43 59
20 23 7
0 3553
01167
22 56.1 !
23
2 58 47
21 3.6
0.3472
0.1031
22 55.2 1
27
3 14 11
21 39.9
0 3392
0.0893
22 54.9 '
31
3 30 15
22 11.8
0.33 J 4
0.0753
22 55.2
June 4
3 46 58
22 38.6
0.3238
0.0613
22 56.3 '
8
4 4 19
22 59.5
0.3165
0 0472
22 57.9
12
4 22 18
23 13 6
0 3096
0.0333
23 02 !
IG
4 40 52
23 20.2
0.3031
0.0196
23 3.1
20
4 59 59
23 18 3
0.2971
0.0064
23 6.4
24
5 19 34
23 7.3
0.2916
9.9937
23 10.3
28
5 39 33
22 46.7
0.2869
9.9820
23 14.5
July 2
5 59 51
22 16.3
0.2828
9.9713
23 19,1
6
6 20 20
21 35.7
0.2795
9.9621
23 23.8
10
6 40 56
20 45.0
0.2770
9.9545
23 28.6
14
7 1 31
19 44.8
0.2752
9.9487
23 33 4
]8
7 21 59
18 35.6
0.2743
9.9451
23 38.1
22
7 42 15
17 18.1
0 2742
9.9437
23 42.6
26
8 2 13
15 53.7
0.2750
9.9445
23 46 8
30
8 21 48
14 23.0
0.2766
9.9476
23 50.5
Aug. 3
8 40 58
12 47.9
0.2790
9.9528
23 53.9
7
8 59 39
11 9.0
0.2822
9.9600
23 56.7
11
9 17 51
9 27.9
0.2861
9.9689
23 59.1
15
9 35 31
7 45.5
0.2906
9.9792
0 0.5
j9
9 52 40
6 3.0
0.2958
9.9907
0 2.0
23
10 9 16
4 21.2
0.3015
0.0031
0 29
27
10 25 21
2 40.9
0.3077
0.0162
0 3.3
31
10 40 56
1 2.7
0.3144
0.0298
0 3.2
Sept. 4
10 56 1
s. 0 33.0
0.3214
0.0437
0 2.5
8
11 10 37
2 5.6
0.3286
0.0577
0 1.4
12
U 24 45
3 35.1
0.3361
0.0718
23 59 3
16
11 38 28
5 1.1
0.3437
0.0858
23 57.2
20
11 51 45
6 23.4
0.3514
0.0996
23 54 7
24
12 4 39
7 42.3
0.3591
0.1132
23 51.8
28
12 17 10
8 57.3
0.3668
0.1266
23 48.5
Oc-t. 2
12 29 20
10 8.8
0.3744
0.1397
23 44.8
6
12 41 11
11 16.7
0..3819
0.1526
23 40.9
10
15 52 42
12 21.1
0.3892
0.1651
23 36.6
14
13 3 56
13 22.1
0.3964
0.1773
23 32.0
]8
13 14 51
14 19.8
O.4033
0.1891
23 27.1
22
13 25 30
15 14.3
0.4100
0.2007
23 22.0
26
13 35 53
16 56
0.4164
0.2119
23 i6.6
30
13 46 1
16 54.0
0.4226
0.2229
23 10.9
Nov. 3
13 55 56
s. 17 39 6
0.4284
0.2335
23 5:0
1839.] POSITION AND MAGNITUDE OF THE RINGS OF SATURN. 39
The above Ephemeris of Gambart's Comet was deduced from the
following Elements of its Orbit, computed by Professor Santini of
Padua, {Jistronomische Kachrichten, Vol. XII., p. 114.) Perihelion pas-
sage, 1839, July 23d, ,0391. Mean Time at Padua.
Logarithm of Semi-Axis Major, . . 0.5483436
Angle of Eccentricity, .
Inclination of the Orbit,
Longitude of the Node,
Longitude of the Perihelion,
Mean Daily Siderial Motion,
Motion Direct.
. 48 43 17
13 12 24
110 6 16
. 248 13 19
553".9384
Position and Magnitude of the Rings of Saturn, according to Bessel and
Struve, for every fortieth day in the year.
7h. M.
M. T. al Washington.
1839.
January
1
34.75
February
10
36.53
March
22
39.01
May
1
41.12
June
10
41.53
July
20
39.97
August
29
37.49
October
8
35.32
November
17
34.14
December
27
34.21
b.
p-
+15.12
4-3 55.0
16.04
4 21.2
17.13
4 30.0
17.95
4 19.6
17.98
3 57.9
17.22
3 41.0
16.24
3 41.7
15.53
4 1.4
15.24
4 33.2
15.38
5 7.3
I.
I'.
25 47.81 -f 25 J6 5
26 2.81 25 27.9
26 2 5 25 38.6
25 52.8 25 48.7
25 39.01 25 57.8
25 31.3 26 6.4
25 40.8 26 14.2
26 5 2 26 21.0
26 30.41 26 27.3
26 43.6 26 32.7
a denotes the semitransverse axis of the rings.
b " " semiconjugate axis of the rings, positive when their
northern surface is visible, negative when their south-
ern.
p " '' inclination of the northern semiconjugate axis of the
rings to the circle of declination ; -|- when East,
— when West.
I " " angle of elevation of the Earth above the plane of the
rings, as seen from Saturn ; -\- when North, — when
South.
U " " elevation of the Sun above the plane of the rings as
seen from Saturn ; -f- when North, — when South.
*^* It has been recently discovered, that Saturn is not placed exactly
in the centre of the rings. This singular circumstance was for some
time considered an optical illusion, caused by the shadow of the planet
on the rings ; but Professor Struve has ascertained, with the celebrated
Dorpat telescope, that the rings are actually eccentric. The eccentri-
city is, however, too small to be perceived by any other than the very
best and most powerful telescopes.
40
LIBRATION OF THE MOON S DISC.
[1839.
A Table, showing the Mean Time {at Washington) of the greatest Lihra-
tion of the Moon's apparent Disc.
1839.
d.
h.
m.
1839.
d.
h.
m.
1839.
d.
h.
m.
Jan.
12
23
53 NE.
May
17
14
26 NW.
Sept.
18
8
53 NE
27
7
17 NW.
June
1
22
32 NE.
30
21
9NW
Feb.
9
19
20 NE.
14
16
55 NW.
Oct.
16
14
21 NE
22
14
11 NW.
28
12
3 NE.
28
18
11 NW
Mar.
9
23
24 NE.
July
12
11
39 NW.
Nov.
13
21
35 NE
22
4
56 NW.
25
0
55 NE.
26
0
16 NW
April
7
5
29 NE.
Aug.
8
15
47 NW.
Dec.
11
23
30 NE
19
8
42 NW.
21
10
19 NE.
24
7
24 NW
May
5
8
4 NE.
Sept.
3
23
49 NW.
" The Moon's Libration is here supposed to take place in the plane
of her orbit; and by the time of the greatest Libration of her apparent
Disc is to be understood the instant at which, to an observer at the
centre of the Earth, the variation of the Disc from its mean state has
attained its maximum. The right-hand column indicates the quadrant
of the Moon's Disc in which the Libration takes place, and in which
the greatest change of the Moon's surface will become visible."
A Table, showing the illuminated Portion of the Discs of Venus and Mars.
The numbers in this table are the versed sines of that portion of the
Discs, which, to an observer on the Earth, will appear to be illuminated ;
the apparent diameter of the planets at the time being considered 1.0.
To a spectator on the Earth, Mars appears most brilliant when
nearest the Earth, that is, when in opposition to the Sun ; but Venus
when her elongation is about 45° and she is approaching or receding
from, her inferior conjunction. She will, therefore, this year appear
most brilliant, in the evenino; about the 30th of August, and in the
morning about the 11th of November, about which times she may be
seen by the naked eye without much difEcultj, amidst the brightest
sunshine.
The opposition of Mars will happen this year on the 12th of March.
Mars.
0 924
0.972
0 999
0.953
0.904
0.883
1839.
Venus.
January
15
0.994
February
14
0.973
March
15
0.936
April
15
0.876
May
15
0.794
June
15
0.685
1839.
Venus.
Mara.
July 15
0.554
0.883
August 15
0.377
0.894
September 15
0120
0.911
October 15
0.O31
0.928
November 15
0 299
0.946
December 15
0495
0.962
1839.]
TABLE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE.
41
^LATITUDE AND LOiNGITUDE OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL
PLACES IN THE UNITED STATES, &c., WITH THEIR
DISTANCE FROM THE CITY OF WASHINGTON.
The Longitudes are' reckoned from Greenwich.
The Capitals (Seats of Government) of the States and Territories are
designated by Italic Letters.
The Latitude of those places, which are marked with a *, has been
determined by the Editor, from actual observations, recently made by
himself, and may be relied on within a few seconds. The Latitude of
the places marked with a f has recently been ascertained by others,
and communicated for publication.
The Longitude of the places marked with a * was computed by the
Editor from the observations on the Annular Eclipse of the Sun in
February, 1831, after correction for the errors of the Moon's place, aa
given by the tables of Damoiseau. The Longitude of those marked
with a t was determined by the Editor, by chronometers, by comparing
the place in question with Washington, the University of Virginia,
Philadelphia, or Boston ; the position of which is supposed to be cor-
rectly ascertained.
The Latitude and Longitude of very many of the places in the fol-
lowing table, where no recent observations have been made, are to be
considered only as rough approximations.
Mbany (Capitol), . N. Y.
Alexandria, . . D. C.
Amherst (Col. Chapel), Mass.
Annapolis, . . Md.
Auburn, . . . N. Y.
Augusta, . . Ga.
Augusta (State House), Me.
Baltimore (Bat. Mon't), Md.
Bangor (Court House), Me.
Barnstable (New C. H.), Mass.
Batavia, . . N. Y.
Beaufort (Arsenal), . S. C.
Boston (State House), Mass.
Bridgeport, (Bapt Ch.) Conn.
Bristol (E})iscopal Ch.), R. I.
Brooklyn (Navy Yard), N. Y.
Brunswick (College), Me.
BufFnlo, . . N. Y.
Cambridge (1st Con. Ch.), Ms.
Camden, . . S. C.
Canandaigua, . . N. Y.
Cape Cod (Light House), Mass.
* See the remaiks on this table in the Preliminary Observations.
4*
Latitude
Longituc
e, West,
Dist. from
North,
in de;;rees.
1 in time.
Wash'n.
O 1 II
oil
1 h. m. a.
miles.
*42 39 3
; 73 44 49
4 54 59.3
376
38 49
77 4
6 8 16
6
*42 22 13
f72 31 36
1 4 50 6.4
383
38 58 35
76 33
5 6 12
37
42 55
76 28
5 5 52
339
33 28
81 54
5 27 36
380
*44 18 43
69 50
4 39 20
■595
*39 17 13
f 76 37 50
t5 6 31.3
88
^44 47 50
68 47
4 35 8
661
*41 42 7
f 70 18 36
t4 41 14.4
466
42 59
78 13
5 12 52
370
*32 25 57
f 80 41 23
t5 22 45.6
629
*42 21 22.7
71 4 9
4 44 16.6
432
41 10 30
73 11 46
4 52 47
284
*41 40 3
f 71 17 19
t 4 45 9.3
409
40 41 50
*73 59 30
*4 55 68
227
43 53 0
69 55 1
4 39 40.1
563
42 53
78 55
5 15 40
376
*42 22 21.3
f 71 7 38 :
1 4 44 30.5
431
34 17 j
80 33 ,
5 22 12
467
42 54
77 17 1 5 9 8
f 70 4 9 if 4 40 16.6
336
*"42 2 22 j
507
42
TABLE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE.
[1839.
Latitude
Longitude, West,
Dist. from
I North.
in degrees.
in time.
Wash'n.
1 o . ,,
o ,
h. ni. s.
miles.
Charleston (St.Mich's Ch.) S.C.
*32 46 33
f79 67 27
f 5 19 49.8
544
Charlesto\vn(Navy Y'd), Mass.
42 22
71 3 33
4 44 14.2
433
Chicago,
Jl.
i 42 0
87 35
5 50 2
763
Cincinnati (Fort Wash.
), Ohio,
J 39 5 54
84 27
6 37 48
497
Columbia,
S.C.
j 33 57
81 7
5 24 28
500
Columbus, .
Ohio,
1 39 47
83 3
5 32 12
396
Concord (State House)
N. H.
*43 12 29
71 29
4 45 56
474
Dedham (1st Cong. Ch.), Mass.
*42 14 62
t7l 10 49
f 4 44 43.3
422
Detroit, .
Mich.
42 24
82 58
5 31 52
526
Dorchester (Ast. Obs.),
Mass.
f42 19 15
*71 4 19
*4 44 17-3
432
Dove?;
Del.
39 10
75 30
5 2 0
114
Dover,
N. H.
i 43 13
70 54
4 43 36
490
Easton (Court House),
Md.
^38 46 10
76 8
5 4 32
80
Eastport,
Me.
44 54
66 56
4 27 44
778
Edenton,
N. C.
36 0
77 7
5 28 28
254
Exeter,
N.H.
42 58
70 55
4 43 40
474
Frankfort, . - .
Ky.
38 14
84 40
5 38 40
551
Fredericksburg",
Va.
38 34
77 38
5 10 32
56
Frederickton,
N. B.
46 3
66 45
4 27 0
Frederickstowu,
Md.
39 24
77 18
5 9 12
43
Georgetown, .
S.C.
33 21
79 17
5 17 8
482
Gloucester (Univ. Ch.),
Mass.
■^^42 36 44
t 70 40 19
f 4 42 41.3
462
Greenfield (2d Con. Ch.)
, Mass.
*42 35 16
f 72 36 32
f 4 60 26
396
Hagerstovvn,
Md.
39 37
77 35
5 10 20
68
Halifax,
N. S.
1 44 39 20
*63 36 40
*4 14 26.7
936
Hallowe]],
Me.
44 17
69 50
4 39 30
593
Harrisburg,
Pa.
40 16
76 50
5 7 20
110
Hartford (State House), Conn.
*41 45 59
t 72 40 45
f 4 50 43
335
Holmes's Hole (Windm
ill),Ms.
*41 27 15
t 70 36 38
f 4 42 26.5
457
Hudson,
N.Y.
42 14
73 46
4 55 4
345
Huntsville,
Ala.
34 36
86 57
6 47 48
726
Indianapolis,
Ind.
39 55
66 5
5 44 20
573
Jackson,
M'pi.
32 23
90 8
6 0 32
1035
Jefferson,
M'ri.
3S 36
92 8
6 8 32
980
Key West,
Fa.
t 24 33 30
81 52 30
5 27 30
Kingston,
U. C.
44 8
76 40
6 6 40
456
Knoxville,
Tenn.
35 59
83 54
5 35 36
516
Lancaster,
Pa.
40 2 36
76 20 33
5 6 22.2
109
Lexington,
Ky.
38 6
84 18
5 37 12
534
Little Rock,
Ark.
34 40
22 12
6 8 48
1068
Lockport,
N.Y.
43 11
78 46
6 15 4
403
Louisville,
Ky.
38 3
85 30
5 42 0
590
Lowell (St. Ann's Ch.),
Mass.
*42 38 4S
f 71 18 57
f 4 45 15.8
439
Lynchburg,
Va.
37 36
79 22
6 17 23
198
Lynn,
Mass.
42 28
70 57
4 43 48
441
Marblehead,
Mass.
42 30
70 52
4 43 28
450
Middletown, .
Conn.
41 34
72 39
4 50 36
325
Miliedgeville,
Ga.
33 7
83 20
6 33 20
642
Mobile, .
Ala.
30 40
88 11
5 62 44
1033
jyjontpelier.
Vt.
44 17
72 36
4 50 24
624
Monomoy Point light,
Mass.
*4] 33 31
^*70 0 5
^^4 40 0.4
500
1839.]
TABLE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE.
43
Montreal, . . L. C.
Nantucket (S'th Tower), Mass.
JV*a5/iui7/e (University), Tenn.
Natchez (Castle), . M'pi.
Newark, . . . N. J.
New Bedford >MarV Ch.)Mass.
Newbern, \ . N. C.
Newburg, . . N. Y.
Newburyport, (2d Pres. C), Ms.
Newcastle, . . JDel.
JVeiu Haven (College), Conn
New London, . . Conn
JVew Or/ca?J5(City Hall), La.
JVewport. (State House), R. L
New York (City Hall), N. Y
Norfolk, (Farmer's Bank), Va.
Northampton (1st C. Ch.) Mass
Norwich, . . Conn.
Pensacola, . . Fa.
Petersburg-, . . Va.
Philadelphia (Ind'ceH.), Pa.
Pittsburgh, . . Pa.
Pittsfield (1st Con. Ch.), Mass.
Plattsburgh, . . N. Y.
Plymouth (Court H.), Mass.
Portland (Town H.), . Me.
Portsmouth (Unit. Ch.), N. H.
Poughkeepsie, . . N. Y.
Princeton, . . N. J.
Providence (Univ. Hall), R. I.
Quebec, (Citadel), . L. C.
Raleigh, . . N. C.
Richmond, (Capitol), Va.
Rochester (R'r House), N. Y.
Sable (Cape), . . Fa.
.Sackett's Harbour, N. Y.
Saco, . . . Me.
St. Augustine, . . Fa.
St. Louis, . . M'ri.
Salem, (E. L M. Hall), Mass.
Sandwich (1st Con. Cii.).Mas3.
Savannah (Exchange), Ga.
Schenectady, . N. Y.
Springjield, . . II.
Springfield (Court H.), Mass.
Stratford, . . Conn.
Tallahasse, . .Fa.
Taunton (Trin. Con. Ch.) Mass.
Toronto or York, . U. C.
Trenton, . . . N. J.
Troy, . . . N. Y.
Latitude
North.
Longitude, West,
in decrees. in time.
Dist. from
Wash'n.
0 ( /.
45 31
7°3 35
h. m. s.
4 54 20
*41 16 56
t *70 6 12
f *4 40 24.8
f 36 9 33
*86 49 3
*5 47 16 2
31 34
91 24 42
6 5 38.8
40 45
74 10
4 56 40
*41 38 7
f 70 55 49
f 4 43 43.3
35 20
77 5
5 8 20
41 31
74 1
4 56 4
*42 4S 32
f 70 52 47
t4 43 31.1
39 40
75 33
5 2 8
f 41 17 58
72 57 46
4 51 51.1
41 22
72 9
4 48 36
f 29 57 45
*90 6 49
*6 0 27.3
t 41 28 20
71 21 14
4 45 24.9
40 42 40
*74 1 8
*4 66 4.5
*36 50 50
1 76 18 47
f 5 5 15.1
*42 19 6
*t72 38 21
*f4 50 33.4
41 33
72 7
4 48 28
30 28
87 12
6 48 48
37 13 54
77 20
5 9 20
*39 56 59
*75 10 59
*5 0 43.9
40 32
80 2
5 20 8
*42 26 55
f 73 16 5
f 4 53 4.3
44 42
73 26
4 53 44
*41 57 28
f 70 40 28
f 4 42 41.9
*43 39 26
70 20 30
4 41 22
*43 4 35
f 70 45 50
f 4 43 3.3
41 41
73 55
4 55 40
40 22
74 35
4 58 20
*41 49 32
t71 24 48
t 4 45 39.2
f 46 49 1-2
71 16
4 45 4
35 47
78 48
5 15 12
*37 32 17
t77 26 28
f5 9 49.9
*43 8 17
77 51
5 11 24
24 50
81 15
5 25 0
43 55
75 57
5 3 48
43 31
70 26
4 41 44
29 48 30
81 35
5 26 20
38 36
89 36
5 58 24
*42 31 19
t*70 53 57
t'^4 43 35.8
*41 45 31
t70 30 27
f 4 42 2
*32 4 56
isi 7 9
f 5 24 28 6
42 48
73 55
4 55 40
39 48
89 33
5 58 12
*42 6 1
1 72 35 47
f 4 50 23.2
t41 11 7
73 8 45
4 52 35
30 28
84 36
5 38 24
*41 54 8
f71 6 5
f 4 44 24.3
43 33
79 20
5 17 20
40 14
74 39
4 58 36
42 44
73 40 i
4 54 40
44
TABLE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE.
Tuscaloosa^ . . Ala.
University of Virginia, Va.
Utica (Dutch Church), N. Y.
Vaiidalia, . . II.
Vevay, . . . Ind.
Vincennes, . . Ind.
Washixgto.n (Capitol), D. C.
Washington, . . M'pi.
Wheeling, . . Va.
Williamstown (Con. Ch.) Mass.
Wihnington, . . Del.
Wilmington, . . N. C.
Worcester (Ant. Hall), Mass.
York, . . . Me.
York, . . Pa.
Latitude
Norih.
I Longitude, West,
'in desroes. in fimn.
33 12
fas 2 3
*43 6 49
38 50
38 46
38 43
*38 52 54
31 36
40 7
*42 42 51
39 41
34 11
*42 16 13
43 10 0
39 58
87 42
*78 31 29
75 13
89 2
84 59
87 25
^77 1 48
91 20
80 42
t73 13 20
75 28
73 10
h. III. s.
5 50 48
*5 14 5.9
6 0 52
5 56 8
5 39 56
5 49 40
•b 8 7.2
6 5 20
5 22 48
f 4 52 53.3
5 1 52
5 12 40
t71 48 10 f 4 47 12.7
70 40 I 4 42 40
76 40 ! 5 6 40
[1839.
Dist. from
Wash'n.
miles.
858
124
383
781
556
693
1146
264
406
108
416
394
500
87
INCREASE OF SIDEREAL TIME IN MEAN SOLAR HOURS, &c.
Hours.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
31
22
23
24
Increase.
m. sec.
0 9.557
19.713
29.569
39.426
49.282
59.139
1 8.995
18.852
28.708
38.565
48.421
58.278
2 8.134
17.991
27.847
37.704
47.560
57.417
3 7.273
17.130
26.986
36.842
46.699
56.555
Daily accelera-
tion of a star
in passing tlie
meridiein.
m. sec.
3 55.9095
r
Incr.
Min.
sec.
1
0.164
2
329
3
493
4
657
5
821
6
986
' 7
1.150
®
314
, 9
479
10
643
11
807
12
971
13
2.136
14
300
15
464
16
62S
17
793
18
9-57
19
3.121
20
286
21
450
22
614
23
778
24
943
25
4.107
26
271
27
435
28
600
29
764
30
928
Incr.
Min.
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
66
57
58
59
60
sec.
5.093
257
421
585
750
914
6.078
242
407
571
735
900
7.064
228
392
657
721
8S5
8.050
214
378
542
707
871
9.035
193
364
528
692
657
Sec.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Incr.
sec.
0.003
006
008
Oil
014
016
019
022
025
027
030
033
036
033
041
044
047
OAQ
052
055
053
060
063
066
069
071
074
077
079
032
Sec.
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
Incr.
sec.
0.085
088
090
093
096
099
101
104
107
110
112
115
lis
121
123
126
129
131
134
137
140
142
145
148
151
153
156
159
162
164
1839.]
EPHEMERIS OF THE SUN.
At mean noon at Greenwich.
45
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
D.
tieini iJiam.
ti. \J. culm.
• ♦X ^ •
D
|Semi Diam.
t>. D. culm.
/ II
m. sec.
/ •<■
m. sec.
1
16 17.30
1 10 81
i; 2
16 14.70
1 7.92
3
17.29
10.71
'S' ^
~;| 4
14.38
7.69
:"
5
17.25
10.61
"S n
-' 6
14.05
7.46
n
7
17.19
10.49
A ^
v| 8
13.69
7.23
.2
9
17.12
10..35
•K i"^
10
1333
7.01
11
17.02
10.19
Bin: g
12
1295
6.80
«^1 1^
13
16.91
10.03
£tSc2^
il4
12.56
6.59
15
16.73
9.85
^:M^
12.15
6.38
17
16.62
9.66
>> ... <» C CJ
l'J8
11.73
6.18
19
16.44
9.46
» 30 i: 00
!'2(J
11.29
6.98
21
16.25
9.26
■ ' 22
10.84
5.79
:F£J ^4
•23
16.04
9.05
24
10.38
5.61
^s -
25
15.81
8.83
^ 26
9.91
6.44
4
27
15,56
8 60
-28
9.43
5.28
o
29
1529
8.38
PO 00
CI .
^30
8.94
5.13
31
15.00
8 15
.2
il
'
lEquat. of T.
|Equat. of T.
D. Declination
to be added to
Sidereal
D.
Declination
to be added to
Sidereal
South.
Appar. Time.
Time.
South.
Mppar. Time.
Time.
O < II
ni. sec.
h. m. s.
O 1 II
m. sec.
h. m. sec.
]
23 2 5S.7
3 43.22
18 41 48.61
1
17 12 29.2
13 62.34
20 44 1.90
2
22 57 66.8
4 11.44
45 45.17
2
16 55 22.1
14 0.02
47 68.45
3
22 52 27.4
4 39.33
49 41.73
3
16 37 57.2
14 6.89
51 55.01
4
22 46 30.8
5 6.86
53 38.29
4
16 20 14.9
14 12.96
55 51.66
5
22 40 7.1
5 34.01
57 34 84
5
16 2 15.6
14 18.23
59 48.11
6
22 33 16.4
6 0.73
19 1 31.40
6
15 43 59.6
14 22.71
21 3 44.66
7
22 25 59.0
6 27.01
5 27.95
7
15 25 27.4
14 26.39
7 41.22
8
22 18 15.0
6 52.82
9 24. -50
8
15 6 39.4
14 29.28
11 37.78
9
22 10 4.7
7 18.12
13 21.06
9
14 47 36.1
14 31.40
15 34.34
10
22 1 23.2
7 42.91
17 17.62
10
14 28 17.8
14 32.74
19 30.90
I]
21 52 25.9
8 7.15
19 21 14.18
11
14 8 44.9
14 33.31
21 23 27.46
12
21 42 58.0
8 30.82
25 10.74
12
13 48 68.0
14 33.11
27 24.02
13
21 33 4.S
S 53.89
29 7.30
13
13 28 57.4
14 32.14
31 20.58
14
21 22 46.6
9 16.31
33 3.87
14
13 8 43.7
14 30.42
35 17.13
15
21 ]2 3.7
9 38.09
37 0.43
15
12 48 17.1
14 27.96
39 13.68
16
21 0 56.3
9 59.20
40 56.99
16
12 27 £8.3
14 24.76
43 10.23
17
20 49 24.9
10 19.61
44 53.55
17
12 6 47.5
14 20.83
47 6.78
18
20 37 29.8
10 39.31
48 50.10
18
11 45 45.3
14 16.17
51 3.33
19
20 25 11.3 ;
10 58.25
52 46.66
19
11 24 32.0
14 10.79
54 59.89
20
SO 12 29.8
1
11 16.45
66 43.21
20
11 3 8.1
14 4.74
63 56.44
21
19 59 25.5
11 33.83
20 0 39.76
21
10 41 34.1
13 57.99
22 2 53.00
22
19 45 59.0
11 50.63
4 36.31
22
10 19 50.3
13 50.57
G 49.56
23
19 32 10.5
12 6.37 \
8 32.87
23
9 57 57.2
13 42.50
10 46.12
24
19 18 0.4
12 21.42
12 29.43
24
9 35 55.2
13 33.79
14 42.68
25
19 3 29.1
12 35.65
16 25.99
25
9 13 44.5
]3 24.48
18 39.24
26
IS 48 37.1
12 49.07
20 22.55
26
8 61 25.8
13 14.57
22 35.79
27
13 33 24.7 ■
13 1.65
24 19.12
27
8 28 59.4
13 4.06
26 32.36
28
18 17 52.2
13 13.43 j
28 15.68
28
8 6 25.5
12 53.01
30 23.90
29
18 2 0.0
13 24.38
32 12.24
29
7 43 44.5
12 41.42
34 25.45
130
17 45 48.5
13 34.51
36 8.80
31
17 29 18.1 i
13 43 84
40 5.35
i
46
EPHEMERIS OF THE SUN.
[1839.
^t mean noon at Greenwich.
MA lie H. 1
APRIL. 1
D.
Semi Diam.
S. D. culm.
.
D.
Semi Diam.
S. D. culm.
_•
m. sec.
o
1 II
m. sec.
00
2
16 8.94
1 6.13
1
16 0.89
1 4.24
CO
4
8.45
4.99
Tf
3
0.34
4.28
^
6
7.94
4.86
i 1
5
15 59.79
4.33
CI QQ
8
7.43
4.75
tj ■•> 00
7
59.24
4.39
."^r .-
10
6.91
4.64
1^! ^1
9
53.69
4.45
12
6.38
4.54
^^l"!
11
68.14
4.53
^i 1r
14
5.84
4.46
:5= ^2
13
57.60
4.62
2^- aflg
16
6.30
4.39
"o2 J^
15
57.07
4.71
-^S 5°°
18
4.76
4.33
>:•- o4
17
66.55
4.82
Ir %i
20
4.52
4.28
19
66.03
4.93
3- •Z.'^
5-0 O ..^
22
3.67
4.24
^^Wr
21
55.51
5.05
24
3.11
4.22
O in
23
55.00
6.18
°° 00
26
2.56
4.21
'»
i^
25
54.49
5.32
p.
CM '^
28
2.00
4.21
o «
CO
27
63.99
6.46
0 >-i
CO
30
1.45
4.22
c»
29
53.51
6.61
(M
32
0.89
4.24
s
31
53.04
6.76
1— (
Equal, of T.
Equat. of T.
D.
Declination
to be added to
Sidereal
D.
Declination
add to .1pp.
Sidereal
Soutii.
Appar. Time^
Time.
Norili.
till 16th.
Time.
O i ii
m. sec.
h. m. sec.
O 1 II
m. sec.
h. m. sec.
1
7 43 44.5
12 41.42
22 34 25.45
1
4 23 16.0
4 5.29
0 36 38.60
2
7 20 56.9
J 2 29.33
38 22.00
2
4 46 23.3
3 46.97
40 35,15
3
6 53 3.0
12 16.74
42 18.55
3
5 9 25.7
3 23.77
44 31.71
4
6 35 3.1
12 3.63
46 15.10
4
6 32 22.9
3 10.74
43 28.27
5
6 11 57.7
11 50.18
50 11.65
5
5 65 14.3
2 52-83
52 24.83
6
6 48 47.0
11 36.24
54 8.20
6
6 17 69.7
2 35.21
56 21.39
7
5 25 31.5
11 2J.90
63 4.76
7
6 40 38 8
2 17.75
1 0 17.94
8
6 2 11.5
11 7.18
23 2 1.32
8
7 3 11.2
2 0..52
4 14.50
9
4 38 47.3
10 52.10
5 57.88
9
7 25 36. 6
1 43.54
8 11.06
10
4 15 19.5
10 36.65
9 54.44
10
7 47 54.5
1 26.82
12 7.61
11
3 51 48.5
10 20.89
23 13 50.99
n
8 10 4.6
1 10.38
1 16 4.16
12
3 23 14.5
10 4.80
17 47.55
12
8 32 6.6
0 54.22
20 0.71
13
3 4 38.1
9 43.43
21 44.10
13
8 54 0.0
0 38 37
23 57.25
14
2 40 59.5
9 31.77
25 40.66
14
9 15 44.6
0 22 83
27 53.81
15
2 17 19.3
9 14.86
29 37.20
15
9 37 20.0
-[-0 7 64
31 50.36
16
1 53 37.8
8 57.70
33 33.75
16
9 53 45.8
— 0 7.23
35 46.92
17
1 29 55.3
8 40.32
37 30.30
17
10 20 1.6
0 21.73
39 43.47
18
1 6 12.4
8 22.73
41 26.85
,18
10 41 7.2
0 35.83
43 40.04
19
0 42 29.2
8 4.91
45 23.40
19
11 2 2.1
0 49.65
47 36.60
20
0 IS 46.4
North.
7 46.98
49 J 9.96
J20
11 22 46.1
1 3.03
51 33.16
21
0 4 55.8
7 28.86
23 53 16.52
21
11 43 18.7
1 16.00
1 55 29.71
22
0 23 37.0
7 10.61
57 13.08 '
22
12 3 39.6
1 23.56
59 26.27
23
0 52 15.8
6 52.24
0 1 9.64
23
12 23 4S.5
1 40.70
2 3 22.82
24
1 15 54.9
6 33.79
5 6.19
24
12 43 45.2
1 52.39
7 19.37
25
1 39 30.8
6 15.25
9 2.75 1
25
13 3 29.3
2 3.63
11 15.92
26
2 3 4.3
5 56.66
12 59.30
26
13 23 0.4
2 14.41
15 12.47
27
2 26 35.1
5 33.04
16 55.85 i
27
13 42 13.4
2 24.70
19 9.02
28
2 50 2.7
5 19.41
20 52.40
28
14 1 22.9
2 34.51
23 5.58
29
3 13 26.9
6 0.80
24 48 95
29
14 20 13.6
2 43.79
27 2.13
30
3 36 47.5
4 42.23
23 4.') .50
30
14 38 50.3
2 52.55
30 58.09
31
4 0 3.9
4 23.71
32 42.05
31
14 57 12.5
3 0.78
34 55.25
1839.]
EPHEJVIERIS OF THE SON.
47
At mean noon at Greenwich.
MAY.
JUNE. 1
D. Semi Diam.
1 15 53.04
S. D. culm,
m. sec.
1 576
CO CD
in 00
D.
2
Semi Diam.
15 47.05
S. D. culm,
m. sec.
1 8.17
in
>n
3 52.57
6.92
4
46.79
8.27
■£ ^
5 52.11
6.08
Ol 1— I
,55 Z
6
46.56
S.36
O T
^ 00
7 51.67
6.24
U .rv ."^
8
46.35
8.45
— - j;
9 51.23
11 50.81
13 50.40
6.41
6.57
6.73
he Kclipt
h, 45.85'
.35".
Parallax.
31st, 8.47
10
12
14
46.15
45.96
4.5.79
8.62
8.58
8.63
;he Eclipt
,h, 45.32'
Parallax.
44"; 30t
15 50.00
17 49.62
19 49.25
21 48.89
6.90
7.06
7.21
7.37
- - _ N rp
16
18
20
22
45.63
45.50
45.39
45.29
8.67
8.69
8.70
8.70
bliquity of t
45.26"; 20t
Horizontal
5"; 20th, 8.
23 48.65
7.52
24
45.20
8.68
°^ s
25 48.22
7.66
t^ :
26
45.13
8.65
27^ 47.90
7.80
0 in
CO •
28
45 09
8.61
k °
29 1 47.60
7.93
s "^^
30
45.06
8.56
.£
31 47.32
8.06
i ~
32
45.06
8.49
o
D. Declination
North.
Equtit. of T.
to be subtr. fr.
jlppar. Time.
m. sec.
Sidereal
Time.
li. m. sec.
D.
Declination
North.
Equat. of T.
subt.fr.J3pp.
till 16th.
m. sec.
Sidereal
Time.
h. m. sec.
1 14 57 12.5
3 0.78
2 34 55.25
1
22 0 27.5
2 33.22
4 37 8.64
2 15 15 20.2
3 8.47
38 51.81
2
22 8 36.3
2 29.35
41 8.10
3 15 33 12.9
3 15.59
42 43.37
3
22 16 22.0
2 20.08
45 1.66
4 15 50 50.3
3 22.16
46 44.93
4
22 23 44.5
2 10.40
48 58.21
5 16 8 12.1
3 28.15
60 41.49
5
22 30 43.5
2 0.33
52 54.76
■ 6 16 25 IS.O
3 33.57
54 38.05
6
22 37 19.0
1 49.92
66 51.32
7 16 42 7.7
3 38.39
53 34.60
7
22 43 30.8
1 .39.16
6 0 47.87
8 16 58 40.9
3 42 64
3 2 31.16
8
22 49 18. 6
1 28.07
4 44.42
9 17 14 57.1
3 46.30
6 27.71
9
22 54 42.4
1 16.70
8 40.98
10 17 30 56.1
3 49.36
10 24.26
10
22 59 42.0
1 5 04
12 37.54
11 17 46 37.7
3 51.84
3 14 20.31
11
23 4 17.5
0 63,13
5 16 34.11
12 18 2 1.4
3 53.72
13 17.36
12
23 8 28.5
0 41.00
20 30.67
13 18 17 7.1
3 55.03
22 13.92
13
23 12 15.1
0 28.68
24 27.24
14 IS 31 54.3
3 55.76
26 10.48
14
23 15 37.1
0 16.13
28 23.80
15 13 46 22.8
3 .55.93
30 7.04
15
23 13 34.5
— 0 3.54
32 20.36
16 19 0 32.2
3 55.53
34 3.61
16
23 21 7.3
-j-O 9.21
36 16.92
17 19 14 22.4
3 64.57
38 0.17
17
23 23 15.3
0 22.06
40 13.47
18 19 27 53.0
3 53.06
41 56.73
18
23 24 58.6
0 34.96
44 10.03
19 19 41 3.7
3 51.01
45 53.29
19
23 26 16.9
0 47.92
48 6.53
20 19 53 54.2
3 48.41
49 49.84
20
23 27 10.5
1 0.89
52 3.13
21 20 6 24.4
3 45.31
3 53 46.40
21
23 27 39.3
1 13.84
5 55 69.69
22 20 18 33.9
3 41.63
57 42.95
22
23 27 43.3
1 26.77
59 56.25
23 20 30 22.6
3 37.53
4 1 39 50
23
23 27 22.6
1 39.67
6 3 52.80
24 20 41 50.2
3 32.86
5 36.05
24
23 26 37.1
1 52.49
7 49.36
25 20 52 56.5
3 27.71
9 32.61
25
23 25 26.9
2 6.21
11 45.93
26 21 3 41.3
3 22.05
13 29.16
26
23 23 62.0
2 17.83
15 42.49
27 21 14 4.4
3 15.91
17 25.72
27
23 21 52.5
2 30.32
19 39.06
28 21 24 5.6
3 9..30
21 22.29
28
23 19 28.5
2 42.66
23 35.62
29 21 33 44.7
3 2.21
25 18.85
29
23 16 39.9
2 64.83
27 32.18
30 21 43 1.5
2 54.66
29 15.41
30
23 13 26.9
3 6.83
31 28.74
311 21 51 55.9
2 46.65
33 11.97
31
23 9 49.4
3 18.62
36 26.30
48
EPHEMERIS OF THE SON.
[1839.
At mean noon at Greenwich.
JULY.
AUGUST. 1
M.
Semi Diam.
S. D. culm.
i -.•
D
. Semi Dium
1 S. D. culm.
;•
II
m. sec.
1 (O
1 II
1 m. sec.
to
2
15 45.04
1 8.49
v6
1
15 46.98
1 1 6.45
to
4
45.05
6.42
■i S
a
► 47.25
6.28
js :
6
45.07
8.33
CO oo
s
47.54
1 6.10
8
45. J 2
8.23
o,"" ^
7
47.83
1 6.93
•2- ^ J
10
46.18
8.12
s
48.14
6.76
12
45.26
8.00
11
48.46
5.60
•-7 • ... Wl
14
45.35
7.87
25 cS^
13
48.80
5.44
2j=" (£00
16
45,46
7.73
- o —ad
15
49.16
6.23
CS «od
18
20
22
45.59
45.74
45.91
7.58
7.43
7.27
3^ ^'-^
17
19
21
49.53
49 91
50.36
5.12
4.93
4.84
.t: - s 01
= » ■Z'-<
24
46 09
7.11
0^ ^
00
23
60.70
4.70
0^ ^
00
26
46.23
6.95
25
51.12
4.58
£5 ^
28
40.50
6.79
0 0
27
I 61.55
4.46
30
46.73
6.62
JS
29
51.99
4.35
.C
32
46.98
6.45
0
31
6244
4.25
0
D.
Declination
tquat. of T.
to be added to
Sidereal
D.
Declination
Equal, of '1'.
til be added to
Sidereal
North.
Jlppar. Time.
Time.
JNorth.
.djypar. Time
Time.
C 1 II
m. sec.
h. m. sec.
0 1 II
m. sec.
h. m. sec.
1
23 9 49.4
3 18.62
6 35 25 30
1
18 9 33.1
6 1.16
8 37 33.57
2
23 5 47.6
3 30.19
39 21.85
2
17 54 25.8
5 57.69
41 35.13
3
23 1 21.7
3 41.53
43 18.40
3
17 39 0.8
5 53.64
45 31.69
4
22 56 31.5
3 52.59
47 14.96
4
17 23 18.4
5 49.01
49 28.25
5
22 61 17.3
4 3.37
61 11. 51
5
17 7 19.0
5 43.79
53 24.81
6
22 45 39.2
4 13.85
55 8.07
6
16 51 2.8
6 37.99
57 21.37
7
22 39 37.3
4 24.02
59 4.63
7
16 34 30.2
5 31.61
9 1 17.93
8
22 33 11.7
4 33.83
7 3 1.19
8
16 17 41.5
5 24 65
6 14.49
9
22 26 22.7
4 43.27
6 57.76
9
16 0 26.9
6 17.10
9 11.05
10
22 19 10.4
4 52.33
10 64.32
10
15 43 16.8
5 8.98
13 7.60
[1
22 11 35.0
5 0.97
7 14 60;88
11
15 25 41.6
5 0.28
9 17 4.16
12
22 3 36.6
6 9.19
18 47.44
12
15 7 51.5
4 51.01
21 0.71
13
21 55 15.4
6 16.95
22 44.00
13
14 49 46.9
4 41.17
24 57.26
!4
21 46 31.7
5 24.22
26 40.66
14
14 31 28.2
4 30.76
28 53.81
15
21 37 25.7
5 3101
30 37.11
15
14 12 55.6
4 19.79
32 50.36
16
21 27 57.5
5 37.30
34 .33.66
16
13 64 9.5
4 8.2?
36 46.92
17
21 18 7.4
5 43.06
38 30.22
17
13 35 10.2
3 56.22
40 43.47
18
21 7 55.6
5 48.28
42 26.77
18
13 15 58.0
3 43.62
44 40.03
19
20 57 22.4
6 52.95
46 23.33
19
12 56 .33.4
3 30.51
48 36.59
10
20 46 28.1
5 57.08
50 19.88
iO
12 36 56.5
3 16.89
52 33.15
21
20 35 12.8
6 0.62
7 64 16.44
21
12 17 7.7
3 2.77
9 56 29.71
22
20 23 36.8
6 3 60
58 13.00
22
11 57 7.3
2 48.18
10 0 26.27
23
20 11 40.4
6 5.98
8 2 9.57
23
11 36 56.5
2 33.13
4 22.83
24
19 59 23.7
6 7.80
6 6.13
24
11 16 32.8
2 17.C3
8 19.38
25
19 46 47.1
6 9.02
10 2.69
25
10 55 69.4 1
2 1.70
12 15.93
26
19 33 50.9
6 9.67
13 59.25
26
10 35 16.6 I
1 45.37
16 12.48
27
19 20 35.1
6 9.72
17 55.81
27
10 14 21.6
1 28.64
20 9.03
28
19 7 0.2
6 9.18
21 63.37
28
9 53 17.7
1 11.54
24 5.58
29
18 53 C.3
6 8.05
25 48.92
•29
9 32 4.2
0 64.08
28 2.13
30
18 38 .53.6
6 6.34
29 45.47
iO
9 10 41.5
0 36.28
31 53.69
31
IS 24 22.5
6 4.03
33 42.02
•31
8 49 9.8 1
0 18 17
35 55.24
1839.]
EPHEMERIS OF THE SUN.
49
At mean noon at Greenwich.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER. 1
D.|Scnii Diam.
S. D. culm.
,.
1 D
Semi Diam.
S. D. culm.
1 II
m. sec.
s:
t ' 1
m. sec.
-
2
15 52.91
1 4.16
2
16 0.74
I 4.16
0
0
A
53.39
4.09
4
1.30
4.25
■^
6
53.87
4.02
S 00
C
1.85
4.36
8
64.36
3.96
--■" .-s"
8
2.41
4.48
^Ci 00
10
54.86
3.91
10
2.96
4.61
12
14
55.37
55.88
3.87
3.85
12
14
3.82
4.07
4.75
4.90
16
56.40
3.83
C^ 15°°
16
4.62
5.06
C^ -306
18
66.93
3.83
18
5.16
6.23
0'-' 5 -
20
67.47
3.84
•5-^ -S-
20 5.70
5.41
22
! 58.01
3.86
22 6.23
6.60
24
53.55
3.90
0^ g?
24 6.76
5.80
0^ g
26
59.09
3.94
00
26 7.28
6.00
00
28
15 59.64
4.00
h "^
i:28i 7.80
6.21
n !».
30
16 0.19
4.07
Cl
130 8.31
6.43
32
0.74
4.16
00
l!32 8.81
6.06
00
Equat. of T.
lEquat. of T
i
D.
Declination
to be subtr.
Sidereal
D. Declination
1 to be subtr.
Sidereal
Wortli.
fr. Af. Time.
Time.
, South.
fr. j3p. Time
Time.
O I II
m. sec.
h. m. sec.
0 1 II
1 ra. sec.
h. m. sec.
1
8 27 29.5
0 0.24
10 39 51.80
1 3 1 24.2
10 10.81
12 38 8.43
2
8 5 40.9
0 18.95
43 48.36
2 3 24 44.3
10 29.82
42 4.99
3
7 43 44.2
0 37.92
47 44.92
3 3 48 2.2
10 43.62
46 1.54
4
7 21 40.0
0 57.16
61 41. 4S
4 4 11 17.5
11 6.88
49 53.09
5
6 59 28.4
1 16.62
55 38.04
5 4 34 30.0
11 24.88
63 64.64
6
6 37 9.9
1 36.31
59 34.59
6 4 67 39.2
11 42.52
57 51.19
7
6 14 44.9
1 56.22
11 3 31.14
7
6 20 44.6
11 69.76
13 1 47.74
8
5 52 13.6
2 16.32
7 27.69 i
8 5 43 46.0
12 16.60
6 44.29
9
5 29 36.2
2 36.59
11 24.24
9 6 6 43.0
12 33.03
9 40.84
10
5 6 53.4
2 57.04
15 20.79
10
6 29 35.0
12 49.02
13 37.39
11
4 44 5.4
3 17.63
11 19 17.34
11
6 62 21.8
13 4.55
13 17 33.95
12
4 21 12.6
3 33.35
23 13.89
12
7 15 3.0
13 19.61
21 30.51
13
3 58 15.3
3 59.19
27 10.44
13
7 37 38.1
13 34.19
25 27.07
14
3 35 13.9
4 20.13
31 7.00
14
8 0 6.7
13 48.27
29 23.63
15
3 12 8.7
4 41.15
35 3.56
15
8 22 28.6
14 1.83
33 20.19
16
2 49 0.0
5 224
39 0.12
16
8 44 43.2
14 14.86
37 16.74
17
2 25 48.2
5 23.35
42 56.67
17
9 6 60.2
14 27.34
41 13.30
18
2 2 33.7
5 44.50
46 53.23
18
9 28 49.3
14 39.23
45 9.85
19
1 39 16.7
6 5.65
50 49.79
19
9 50 40,1
14 50.54
49 6.40
20
1 15 57.6
6 26.76
64 46.34
20
10 12 22.1
15 1.24
53 2.95
21
0 52 36.7
6 47.84
5S 42.90
22
0 29 14.3
7 8.84
12 2 39.44
21
10 33 65.1
15 11.31
13 56 69.50
23
0 5 50.6
7 29.75
6 35.99
22
10 55 18.6
15 20.74
14 0 56.05
south.
'
23
11 16 32.4
15 29.48
4 52.60
24
0 17 33.9
7 50.54
12 10 32.54
24
11 37 36.1
15 37.55
8 49.16
25
0 40 59.0
8 11.20
14 29.09
25
11 58 29.3
15 44.91
12 45.72
26
1 4 24.5
8 31.68
18 25.64 !
26
12 19 11.5
15 61.55
16 42.28
27
1 27 49.8
8 51.98
22 22.20
27
12 39 42.4
15 67.45
20 33.84
28
1 51 14.8
9 12.06
26 13.75
28
13 0 1.8
16 2.59
24 35.40
29
2 14 39.1
9 31.91
30 15.31
29
13 20 9.0
16 6.97
28 31.96
30
31
2 38 2.4
9 51.50
34 11.87
30
13 40 3.7
16 10.56
32 28.61
3 1 24.2
10 10.81
38 8.43 i
31
13 59 45.6
16 13.36
36 25.07
50
EPHEMERIS OF THE SUN.
[1839.
,^t mean noon at Greenwich.
NOVEMBER.
DbCEMBEK. 1
D.
Serai Diain.
S. U. culm.
.
, D.
Semi Diam.
S. D. culm.
•-
]
( II
16 8.81
m. sec.
1 6.C6
:i
16 14.92
m. eec.
1 9.89
'T 00
5
9.31
9.79
6.68
7.11
•^
^"^ N
J^ m
\l
18.21
15.49
10.16
10.32
7
10.26
7.34
.2 •' js"
7
16.76
10.46
1 .**^
9
11
13
15
10.72
11.17
11.61
12.04
7.58
7.81
8.05
8.29
9
}^
15
16.98
16.19
16.39
16.67
10..59
10.70
10.80
10.87
17
19
21
23
12.45
12.85
13.24
13.61
8.53
8.75
8.97
9.19
00
17
!l9
21
23
16.73
16.97
16.99
17.10
10.93
10.98
11.00
11.01
25
13.96
9.40
^ :S"
25
17.18
11.00
'- c
27
14.30
9.61
2^
17.23
10.97
\ 5
29
14.62
9.80
'29
17.27
10.93
31
14.92
9.98
i^
131
17.29
10.86
i^ t^
D,
Declination
South.
E(jiiat. of 'J'.
to be subtr.
fr. Ap. Time.
Sidereal
Time.
D.
Declination
South.
Equat. of T.
subl. fr. Jlpp.
till 2oth.
Sidereal
Time.
o / //
m, sec.
h. m. sec.
O ( II
m. sec.
h. m. sec.
1
14 19 13.9
16 15.34
14 40 21.62
1
21 46 9.0
10 53.10
16 33 38.31
2
14 33 23.6
16 16.52
44 18.17
2
21 55 26.2
10 30.32
42 34.87
3
14 57 29.1
16 16.88
48 14.72
3
22 4 18.2
10 6.S8
46 31.43
4
15 16 14.9
16 16.41
62 11.27
4
22 12 44.6
9 42.81
50 27.98
5
15 34 45.8
16 15.11
56 7.82
5
22 20 44.9
9 18.17
64 24.55
6
15 63 1.1
16 12.99
15 0 4.38
6
22 28 19.3
8 62.95
68 21.11
7
16 11 0.6
16 10.03
4 0.94
7
22 36 27.3
8 27.21
17 2 17.67
8
16 28 43.6
16 6.23
7 57.49
8
22 42 8.7
8 0 98
6 14.24
9
16 46 10.0
16 1.60
11 64.06
9
22 48 23.4
7 34.27
10 10.80
10
17 3 19.2
15 56.12
15 50.62
10
22 .54 11.0
7 7.13
14 7.36
11
17 20 10.9
15 49.82
15 19 47.18
11
22 69 31.4
6 39.69
17 18 3.92
12
17 36 44.5
15 42.68
23 43.74
12
23 4 24.6
6 11.68
22 0.43
13
17 52 59.7
15 34.71
27 40.30
13
23 8 50.0
5 43.43
25 57.03
14
18 8 56.1
1
15 25.90
31 36.85
14
23 12 47.9
6 14.87
29 53.58
15
18 24 33.4
15 16.28
35 33.41
15
23 16 18.0
4 46.05
33 50.14
16
18 39 51.1
15 5.83
39 29.96
16
23 19 20.1
4 16.96
37 46.69
17
18 54 49.8
14 54.56
43 26.51
17
23 21 54.3
3 47.68
41 43.25
18
19 9 26.3
14 42.46
47 23.06
18
23 24 0.5
3 18.21
45 39.81
19
19 23 43.1
14 29.55
51 19.62
19
23 25 38.6
2 48.58
49 36.37
20
19 37 38.9
14 15.82
65 16.17
20
23 26 48.6
2 18.93
63 32.94
21
19 61 13.4
14 1.28
15 59 12.73
2]
23 27 30.2
1 48 98
17 57 29.50
22
20 4 26.2
13 45.94
16 3 9.30
22
23 27 43.8
1 19.08
18 1 26.07
23
20 17 17.0
13 29.79
7 6.86
23
23 27 29.0
0 49.14
6 22.63
24 20 29 45.4
13 12.86
11 2.42
24
23 26 46.0
0 19.18
9 19.18
25; 20 41 51.0
12 55.16
14 58.99
25
23 26 34.7
-}-0 10.73
13 15.74
26 20 53 33.6
12 .36.65
18 55.54
26
23 23 65.1
0 40.58
17 12.30 .
27 21 4 52.8
12 17.40
22 52.10 :
27
23 21 47.3
1 10.36
21 8.85
28 21 15 48.3
11 57.40
26 49.65
28
23 19 11.3
1 40.01
25 5.40
29| 21 26 19.7
11 36.67
30 45.21
29
23 16 7.1
2 9.49
29 1.96
30| 21 36 26.7
11 15.23
34 41.76
30
23 12 34.9
2 39.80
32 58.51
31' 21 46 9.0
10 63.10
38 33.31
31
23 8 34.7
3 7.87
36 55.07
51
True Apparent Places of ^5 of the Principal Fixed Stars, for every
tenth day of the year. (Continued.)
Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
« Andromedae.
,9c
eti.
« Ursae
Minoris
« Arietis.
a Ceti.
<
bo
5
1
9)
Q
6
<
60
f5
s
o
6
<
"bo
c2
o
o
Q
d
tn
<
d
0
Q
6
CO
eo
6
h.
o
h. m.
o
h.
^
h. m.
0
li. m.
1839.
0
m. sec.
28
0 35
sec.
18
1 II
1
m. sec.
88
1 53
sec.
32
2 53
sec.
3
Jan. 1,
0 4.13
12 15.5
30.56
51 80.9
1 38.9£
. 27 25.4
6.9c
I 41 64.9
63 .0(
) 27 21.2
11,
4.0(1
14.6
30.44
81.3
31.08
i 26.0
6.S-
! 64.6
62.9]
20.5
21,
3.88
13.4
30.33
81.4
23.2C
25.9
6.7C
) 64.2
52.8]
i9.n
31,
I 3.77
12.0
30.23
81.3
15.55
25.3
i 6.56
63.5
52.66
19.4
Feb. 10,
3.69
10.6
30.13
80.9
8.52
24.0
6A-2
62.8
62.5a
19.0
20,
3.63
9.0
30.06
80.2
2.2S
22.2
6.29
61.9
62.41
18.7
Mar. 2,
3.60
7.4
30.01
79.2
0 57.12
19.9
6.17
61.1
62,27
18.4
12,
3.60
6.0
29.99
78.0
53.22
17.3
G.07
60.2
52.15
16.4
22,
1 . 3.65
^3.76
4.7
i , 30.00
, 30.06
76.6
60.71
14.3
6.00
59.4
52.04
18.5
April 1,
3.5
74.7
^49.70
50.34
j 11.3
5.98
58.7
61.97
18.7
11,
3.91
2.8
j 30.16
72.8
. 8.0
5.99
58.1
61.93
19.2
21,
4.10
2.4
! 30.29
70.6
52.48
6.1
6 '-''
6.18
67.7
61.93
19.9
May 1,
4.33
2.3
30.47
68.4
55.99
2.5
57.6
6 '"''
52.09
20.8
11,
4.60
2.7
1 30.69
66.0 1
1 0.79
27 0 1
6.35
67.6
21.9
21,
4.90
3.4
30.95
63.6
6.62
26 58.2
6.56
58.0
62.23
23.2
31,
6.23
4.5
31.23
61.1
13.34
56.9
6.81
68.7
52.41
24.7
June 10,
5.58
6.0
31.54
58.7 i
20.77
65.9
7.09
59.61
62.63
26.3
20,
5.93
7.8
31.87
56.4
28.63
65.5
7.41
60.8
62.89
23.0
30,
6.28
9.9
32.20
54.3
36.75
65.7
7.74
62.2!
63 17
29.3
July JO,
6.63
12.2
32.53
52.4
44.89
66.4
8.08
63.8
53.47
31.6
20,
6.95
14.6
32.86
60.8
62.87
67.6
8.42
65.5
53.78
33.4
30,
7.25
17.1
33.17
49 5
2 0.52
26 59.5
8.76
67.4
64.10
35.1
Aug. 9,
7.51
19.7
33.45
48.5
7.64
27 1.6
9.09
69.2
54.4J
36.7
19,
7.74
22.3
33.70
47.9
14.12
4.3
9.40
71.1
54.71
38.1
29,
7.93
24.8
33.92
47.6
19.80
7.4
9.68
73.0
65.01
39.3
Sept. 8,
8.08
27.2
34.10
47.7
24.57
10.7
9.94
74.7
55.28
40.2
18.
8.19
29.5
34.24
43.1
28.33
14.3
10.17
76.4
55 63
40.9
28,
8.25
31.5
34.34
48.8!
31.03
18.1
10.36
77.9
5576
41.4
Oct. 8,
8.2S
33.4
34.40
49.7
32.53
21.9
10.53
79.3
55 96
41.6
18,
8.28
35.0
34.43 1
60.3
32.82
25.8
10.66
80.5
66.13
41.5
28,
8.24
36.4
34.43
62.0
31.92
29.6
10.76
81.6
56.27
41.3
Nov. 7,
8.18
37.4
34.39
53.3
29.73
33.3
10.32
82.4
66.39
40.8
17,
8.10
38.2
34.33
54.6
26.30
36.7
10.86
83.1
66.47
40.3
27,
8.00
38.6
34.25
56.9 1
21.79
39.8
10.86
83.6
66.53
39.6
Dec. 7,
7.88
38.8
34.16
57.0
16.17
42.4
10.84
84.0
66.54
38.9
17,
7.75
386
34.05
57.9
9.67
44.5
10.79
84.1
66 64
38.1
27,
7.62
38.1
33.94
58.6
2.48
46.1
10.71
84.1
66.-50
37.4
37,
7.50 1
37.3
33.S2
59.2,
1 64.79
47.2'
10.61
83.9
66.43
36.7
52
TVwe Apparent Places of ^^ of the Principal Fixed Stars, for every
tenth day of the year. (Continued.)
Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
a Tauri.
a Aurigse.
/? Orionis. j
|5 Tauri. j
1
0 Orionis.
1
<
5
1
e3
ac
<!
15
o
o
Q
<
BO
(5
1
o
Q
o
en
<
To
O
Q
o
<
CO
(5
"3
o
o
Q
h. m.
^
h. 111.
h. m.
^
h. in.
^
h. ni.
O
1839.
4 26
sec.
16
6 4
sec.
45
6 6
sec.
8
5 16
sec.
28
6 23
sec.
0
Jan. 1 ,
42.51
10 58.6
49.98
49 51.3
49.54
23 28.1
8.62
28 5.1
48.45
25 19.3
11,
42.49
68.3
49.97
52.7
49.53
29.6
8.64
5.5
48.46
20.5
21,
42.43
53. 1
49.91
63.9
49.49
30.9
8 61
6.9
48.44
21.5
31,1
42.33
57.9
49.80
64.9
49.40
32.1
8.54
6.2
48.37
22.4
Feb. ]0,
42.21
57.6
49.63
55.7
49.28
33.0
8.43
6.5
48.27
23.1
•20,
42.06
67.4
49.43
66.2
49.14
33.6
8.28
6.6
43.13
23.7
Mar. 2,
41.90
57.1
49.21
66.4
48.97
34.0
8.11
6.7
47.98
24.1
12,
41.73
56.9
48.97
56.3
48.80
34.1
7.93
6.6
47.S2
24.2
22,
41.58
56.7
48.73
55.9
48 63
34.0
7.76
6.4
47.65
24.2
April 1,
41.44
56.5
48.52
65.2
48.47
33.6
7.58
6.1 (
47.49
240
11,
41.34
66.3
48.33
54.3
48.33
33.0
7.43
6.7
47.35
23.7
21,
41.26
56.3
48.19
53.2
48.22
32.2
7.31
6.2 i
47.24
23.2
May 1,
41.23
56.3
48.10
51.9
48.15
31.1
7.24
4.7
47.16
22.4
11,
41.25
66.5
48.06
50.6
48.11
29.S
7.21
4.3
47.12
21.6
21,
,41.31
^41.42
56.7
48.08
49.2
48.12
2S.3
7.22
88
47.12
20.5,
31,
57.2
^48.17
48.34
48.55
47.9
^48.17
48.27
45.41
26.6
7.29
3.4
47.16
19.3
iJune 10,
20,
41.58
41.78
57.8
58.6
46.5
45.4
246
22.7
7.59
3.1 1
2.9
^47.24
47.38
13.0
16.4
30,
42.01
59.4
48.81
44.4
48.58
20.7
7.79
2.8
47.55
14.9
July 10,
42.27
60.3
49.11
43.6
48.79
18.8
8.04
2.8 ;
47.75
13.4
20,
42.56
61.3
49.46
43.0
49.03
16.9
8.31
2.9;
47.97
119
30,
42.86
62.3
49.34
42.6
49.28
15.2
8.61
3.2 I
43.22
10.5
Aug. 9,
43.17
63.4
50.23
42.3
49.56
13.7
8.93
3.4
48.49
9.2
19,
43.49
64.3
50.65
42.3
49.85
12.4
9.27
3.8 i
48.78
8.1
29,
43.81
65.2
51.07
42.5
50.14
11.4
9.61
4.1 :
49.07
7.2
Sept. 8,
44.13
66.0
51.50
42.8
60.44
10.7
9.95
4.6 1
49.37
6.6
18,
44.43
66.7
51.93
43.4
50.73
10.4
10.30
4.9
49.66
6.3
28,
! 44.73
67.2
62.35
1 44.1
51.02
10.4
10.64
6.3
49.96
6.3
Oct. 8,
1 45.01
67.6
52.75
1 44.9
51.30
10.9
10.97
5.7
50.25
65
• 18,
■ 45.27
67.9
53.14
45.9
61.57
11.6
11.29
6.0
50.53
7.1
28.
45.52
68.0
53.61
47.0
51.82
12.7
11.60
6.3
50.79
7.9
Nov. 7,
45.73
68.0
63.84
48.2
52.05
14.1
11.88
6.7
51.03
9.0
17,
45.92
67.9
64.14
49.5
62.25
15.6
12.13
7.0
51.26
10.3
27,
46.08
67.7
54.39
50.9
52.42
17.4
i 12.36
7.3
51 45
11.5
Dec. 7,
46.19
67.6
64.60
62.4
52.56
19.1
12.54
7.7
61.61
12.9
17,
46.28
67.3
64.76
53.9
52.66
20.9
12.69
8.1
1
61.74
14.3
27
46.31
67.0
64.86
55.3
62.72
22.7
12 79
8.5 j
51.82
15.7
1 37
46.31
1 66.8
64.88
56.7
62.73
24.3
12.84
8.9 1
51.86
17.0
53
True Apparent Places of 35 of (he Principal Fixed Stars, for every
tenth day of the year. (Continued.)
Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
« Orionis.
P4
h. m.
5 46
sec.
28.64
28.89
28.S8
28.84
28.75
28.63
28.49
28.33
28.16
28.00
27.86
27.74
27.6
27.59
27.58
27.61
^ 27.68
^ 27.80
29.95
28.14
23.36
23.60
28.86
29.14
29.43
29.73
30.03
30.34
30.64
30.93
31.22
31.48
31.73
31.95
32.13
32.29
32.40
32.47
22 23.7
22.9
22.1
21.6
21.1
20.7
20.4
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.5
20.7
21.1
21.6
22.2!
23.0^
23.8!
24.8j
25.8!
26.8|
27.9
289
29.8
30.6
31.2
31.7
31.9
31.9
31.7
31.3
30.7
29.9
29.0
28.0
26.9
25.9
24.9
24.0
aCanig Majoris.
C4
h. m.
6 38
sec.
4.54
4.61
4.63
4.60
4.53
4.41
4.27
4.10
3.92
3.74
3.56
3.40
3.26
3.15
3.07
3.04
3.04
3.08
3.16
3.29
3.44
3.63
3.84
4.07
4.33
4.60
4.89 1
5.19}
6.49 I
5.79 i
6.091
6.37 i
6.641
6.89 I
7.10!
7.29 I
7.43 I
7.52!
16
29 S3.4
55.7
679
59.8
61.4
62.8
63.8
64.5
64.9
65.0
64.7
■ 64.2
633
62.2
60.8
69.3
67.S
65.6
63.6
51.3
49.3
47.4
45.7
44.1
42.9
42.1
41.7
41.7
42.1
43.0
44.2
45.9
47.9
60.1
62.5
55.0
57.6
69.8
a Geminorum.
h. m.
7 24
sec.
120.98
21.14
21.25
21.30
21.29
21.23
21.12
20.98
20.81
20 63
20.44
20.27
20.12
19.99|
19.901
19.85!
19.84
19.87
19.95
. 20.06
20.22
20.42
20.65
20.90
21.18
21.49
21.81
22.15
22.50
22.87
23.23
23.60
23.96
24.30
24.61
24.90
25.14
25.34
32
14 10.7
11.1
11.7
12.4
13.1
13.8
14.6
15.3
15.9
16.3
16.5
16.6
16.5
16.3
15.9
15.5
149
14.2
13.5
12.7
11.9
11 1
10.3
9.5
8.6
7.8
6.9
6.1 1
6.3 I
4.5'
3.7
3.1
2.5
2.1
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.3
a Canis Minoris
h. m.
7 30
sec.
53.79
53.93
64.02
54.06
64.05
54.00
53.91
53.79
53.60
53.49
63.34
53.181
53.05J
52.94!
52.86!
62.81
52.79I
62.81
62.86
, 52.95
' 53.08
53.23
53.41
53.62
53.85
54.10
64.36
54.63
54.93
56.25
65.66
55.87
56.18
56.47
66.74|
56.99
57.19]
57.361
37 63.5
62.2
61.1
60.2
69.4
58.8
58.4
58.2
58.0
58. 1
68.2
58.4
68.7
59.2
59.6
60.2
60.9
61.6
62.3
63.0
63.8
64.5
65.1
65.51
65.8}
66.9i
65.8,
66.5;
64.8
64.0
62.9
61.7
60.2
58-7
67.2
55.6
54.1
52.8
/5 Geminorum.
«
h. m.
7 35
sec.
29.07
29.24
29.36
29.42
29.42
29.37
29.28
29.14
28.99
28.81
28.64
28.47
28.32
28.20
28.10
28.04
28.021
28.04
28.11
, 28.21
' 28.36
28.53
28.73
28.97
29.23
29.51
29.81
30. 13
30.47
30.81
31.17
31.53
31.88
32.21
32.52
32.81
33.05
33.25
28
24 37.8
37.9
38.2
38.7
39.2
39.8
40.5
41.1
41.6
42.0
42.3
42.5
42.51
42.5
42.3
42.0
41.6
41.1
40.6
40.1
39.4
38.8
38.1
37.4
36.7
35.9
35.1
34-2
33.3
32.4
31.5
30.7
29.9
29.3
28.8
28.4
28.3
28.3
54
7Vwe Apparent Places of 35 of the Principal Fixed Stars, for every \
tenth day of the year. (Continued.) '
Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
a Hyd
rffi.
u Leonis.
a Ursae Majoris.
j5 Leonis.
1
« Virginia.
o
<
To
6
a
Q
6
m
<
bO
1
o
a
Q
o
en
<;
CO
1
6
QJ
Q ;
CO
<
to
5
Q
^ 1
1 i
h. m.
^
h. m.
o
b. m.
h. m.
o
h. ni.
o 1
1839.
9 19
sec. 1
7
9 59
sec.
12
f t 1
10 63
sec.
62
i i 1
11 40
sec.
16
1 i 1
13 16
Sl!C.
10 J
Jan. 1,
41.66b
7 43.9 ;
48.78 i
U 66.1
46.63,
}6 63.5
61.22
27 74.9
42.96
19 6.6 '
11,
41.89
46.2
40.05
64.7
47.19
53.9
61.55
73.0^
43.30
8.7
ai,
4-2. 08 j
48.4
49.29
63.6
47.69
54.7,
51.95
71.6
43.63
10.8 .
31,
42.22 i
50.4
49.49
62.7
48.12
56.1
62.13
70.5
43.95
12.8 j
Feb. 10,
42.3li
52.2
49.63
62.0
48.46
57.9
62.36
69.7
44.25
14.7 '
20,
42.351
53.7
49.72
61.6
48.71
60.0
65.56
69.2
44.51
16.4 .
Mar. 2,
42.351
55.0
49.77
61.5
48.86
62.5
52.70
69 Ij
44.74
18.0
12,
42.301
56.1
49.76
61.6
48.92
65.0
52.81
69.3
44.93
19.3 .
22,
42.23
56.9
49.72
61.9
48.88
67.6
62.86
69.7
45.09
20.3 :
April 1,
42.12;
57.4
49.6.^
62.2
48.77
70.1 ;
62.89
70.3
45.22
21.2
11,
42.00
67.7
49.56
62.7
48.58
72.4 j
82.87
71.1
45.31
21.8
21,
41.87
67.9
49.45
63.2
49.33
74.4
62.93
72.0
I 45.37
22.3
May 1,
41.74
57.7
1 49.33
63.7
49.05
76.1
52.77
72.9
45.40
22.5
11,
41.61
57.4
1 49.21
64.3
47.73
77.4
62.69
73.8
45.41
22.6
21,
41.49
56.9
49.10
64.9
47.39
79.2
52.60
74.6
45.39
2-2.6 ,
31,
41.39
56.2
48.99
65.3
47.06
78.6
52.51
75.4
! 45.36
22.4 \
June 10,
41.31
55.4
48.90
65.7
46.73
78.5
62.41
76.1
I 45.31
23.11
21.6'
20,
41.24
54.5
48.83
66.0
46.43
77.9
62.31
76.6
i 45.-24
30,
41.21
53.5
48.79
66-3
46.16
76.8
62.22
77.0
45.16
21.3
July 10,
41.20
52.3
49.76
56.4
45.92
75.3
i 62.13
77.3
45.07
20.8
20,
41.21
61.2
48.75
66.5
45.73
73.4
j 62.05
77.4
44.97
20.3
30,
41.25
60.1
48.77
66.5
45.59
71.1
61.99
77.3
44.87
19.7
• Aug. 9
. 41.32
^41.43
49.0
j 49.81
66.3
45.49
68.6
61.94
77.0
44.76
19.1
19,
47.9
,49.97
66.0
45.46
656
61.91
766
( 44.6()
18-.^
29,
41.55
47.1 jj " 48.98
65.4
,^4-5.48
45.59
62.6
51.91
75.8
i U.M
IS.O
Sept. 8
41.71
46.6 49.11
64.9
69.0
.51.93
1 ^ 51.99
74.9
44.62
17.5
18
41.90
46.3
49.27
63.9
45.74
55.7
73.7
j 44.49
17.2
28
42.12
46.3
49.46
62.9
45.97
62 3
I 62.07
72.3
44.47
17.0
Oct. 8
, 42.36
46.6
49.69
61.6
\ 46.27
48.9
62.20
70.7
1 ^ 44.60
1 44.-58
17-0
18
, 42.63
47.3
49.94
60.1
1 46.63
45.7
62.36
69.9
17.3
28
, 42.93
48.3
80.23
58.5
i 47.06
42.6
52.5S
66.9
44.70
17
Nov. 7
, 43.24
49.7
1 50.53
66.7
47.55
39.9
52.93
64.7
44-87
is-
17
, 43.56
51.4
60.95
54.8
49.09
37.3
63.10
62 6
1 45.08
19.7
27
, 43.89
63.4
51.1S
62.9
48.66
35.3
63.41
60.1
45.33
21.C
Dec. 7
, 44.21
65.5
51.63
61.0
49.26
33.7
63.74
67.9
45.62
22.e
17
, 44.52
57.8 51.87
49.1
49.98
32.6
54.09
65.6
45.94
24.4
27
,! 44.80
60.1 62.1S
47.4
60.48
32.0
54.43
63.6
46.28
26.4
37
,1 45.05
62.4 52.48
45.9
51.06
32.1
54.77
61.7
46.62
29.4
55
True Apparent Places of 35 of the Principal Fixed Stars j for every
tenth day of the year. (Continued.)
Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
« Bootis.
a^ Librae.
i^ Ursae Minoris.
/^Lib
rae.
« Coroi SB
Bore
dlis.
u
<
"bo
Q
6
at
<
5
o
6
at
<
CO
Q
o
<
r4
o
Q
<
To
li. m.
h. m.
O
h. m.
o
h. m.
h. m.
1839.
14 8
sec.
20
14 41
sec.
15
1 II
14 51
sec.
74
15 8
sec.
8
15 27
sec.
27
Jan. l,i
IS. 94
0 73.8
68.37
22 5.8
13.73
48 25.8
20.38
47 7.2
51 56
15 24.6
11
19.25
71.0
58.71
7.4
14.51
23.4
20.70
8.9
51.37
22.0
21,
19.60
69.4
59.05
9 1
15.35
21.7
21.03
10.6
52.19
19.7
31.
19.94
67.8
59.39
10.8
16.24
20.6
21.30
12.3
52.52
17.8
Feb. 10,
20.26
60.6
69.72
12.5
17.14
20.1
21.69
13.8
52.86
16.3
20.
20.56
65.8
60.04
14.0
18.01
20.3
22.00
15.2
53.19
15.4
Mar. 2,
20.82
65.4
60.33
15.5
18.83
21.2
22.30
16.3
53.51
15.0
12.
21.06
65.5
60.60
16.7
19.57
22 7
22.58
17.3
53.81
15.0
22,
21.26
66.0
60.84
17.8
20.21
24.7
22.83
18.0
64.08
15.6
April 1,
21.44
66.8
61.05
18.7
20.73
27.2
23.05
18.5
54.32
16.6
11,
21 56
67.9
61.23
19.5
21.10
30.0
23.25
18.8
54.53
18.1
21,
21.66
69.3
61.38
20.0
21.35
33.0
23.42
18.9
54.71
19.8
May 1,
21.73
70.7
61.50
20.4
21.44
36.1
23.57
18.9
64.85
21.8
n,
21.76
72.3
61.59
20.7
21.39
39.2
23.68
18.7
54.96
23.9
21,
21.77
73.3
61. 6C
20.8
21.20
42.2
23.77
18.4
65.04
26.1
31,
21.75
75.3
61.70
20-9
20.89
45.0
23.32
18.0
1 55.08
29.3
June 10,
21.70
76.7
61.70
20-8
20.46
47.4
23.85
17.6
55.09
30.4
20,
21.64
78.0
61.69
20.7
19.92
49.5
23.85
17-2
55.06
32.4
30,
21.55
79.0
Gl 64
20 5
19.30
51.2
23.82
16.7
55.01
34.1
July 10,
21.44
79.9
61.5"
20.2
18.61
52.3
23.77
16.2
j 54.92
36.6
20,
21.33
80.5
61.48
19.8
17.86
63.0
23.09
15.7
54.80
36.9
30,
21.20
80.8
61.37
196
17.07
63.2
23.60
15.3
j .54.66
37.8
Aug. 9,
21.06
80.8
61.25
19.0
16.27
52.8
23.47
14.9
j 54.51
38.4
19,
20.92
80 6
61.12
18.5
15.46
51.9
23.34
14.5
1 54.33
38.6
29,
20.79
80.1
60 99
18.0
14.6S
50 5
23. 21
14.1
i 54.16
38.5
Sept. 8,
20.68
79.2
60.87
17.5
13.94
486
23.07
13.9
63.93
38.0
18,
20.57
78.1
60.76
17.1
13.25
46.3
22 95
13.7
63.81
37.2
28,
j 20.50
76.7
60.68
16-7
12.64
43.6
22.8-1
136
53.66
36.9
Oct. 8,
20.46
75.0
69.63
16-4
12.12
40.4
22.78
13.7
53.53
34.3
18,
i ^ 29.46
J 20.52
730
60.61
16-3
11.72
37 0
22 74
13.9
53.45
32.4
28,
70.6
^ 60.65
60.74
16.4
, 11.44
11.31
33.3
22.75
14.3
63.40
30.2
Nov. 7,
20.62
i 64 1
16 6
29.1
^22.81
22.91
14.9
, 63.40
53.46
27.7
17,
20.77
j
1 65-0
60.8S
17.2
11.34
25.3
15.8
24.7
27,
20.96
1 62.7
61.07
17.9
11.52
21.4
23.07
16.8
1 63.57
21 8
Dec. 7,
21.20
; 60.0
6130
18.9
11.86
17.8
23.27
is.i
53.73
18.8
17
21.49
57-2
61.58
20.1
12.34
14.3
23.52
19.5
63.95
15.8
27
21.79
64.6
61.88
21.6
12.96
1?.3
23.80
21.1
64.21
12.8
37
1 22.12
' 52.1
62.21
23.1
13.68
8.7
24.11
22.8
64.49
10.1
66
True Apparent Places of 35 of the Principal Fixed Stars, for every
tenth day of the year. (Continued.)
Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
P^ Scorpionia.
a Scorpionia.
« Herculis.
a Ophiuchi.
a Lj
rae.
1839.
Jan. 1,
c3
<
BO
u
o
Q
0
n
<
.a
CO
(2
P
6
m
<
CO
5
0
a>
6
<
.a
bO
0
h. m.
15 56
sec.
4.10
19
21 .33.2
h. III.
16 19
sec.
31.55
26
4 8.9
b. m.
17 7
sec.
17.36
0
14
34 33.9
I h. m.
17 27
; sec.
1 26.54
0
12
40 49.9
h. m.
18 31
sec.
27.42
0
38
sec. 1
37 63.7
11,
4.40
34.2
31.86
9.4
17.59
21.6
26.76
47.7
27.54
60.6
21,
4.73
35.31
32. 19
30.1
17.84
29.4
26.99
45.6
27.72
57.6
31,
5.07
36.61
32.53
11.0
18.12
27.4
27.25
43.7
27.93
54.3
Feb. 10,
5.41
37.7
32.89
11.9
18.41
25.8
27.54
42.1
28.19
62.3
20,
5.75
38.9
33.24
12.8
18.72
24.5
27.83
40.8
28.47
50.3
Mar. 2,
6.08
40.0
33.59
13.7
19.02
23.6
i 28.13
39.9
23.78
48.7
1-^,
6.39
41.0
33.92
14.3
19.33
23.1
; 28.43
39.4
29.12
47.7
22,
6.6S
41.3
34.2-1
15.6
19.62
23.1
28.73
39.3
29.45
47.3
April 1,
6.96
42.5
34.55
16.3
19.91
23.5
29.02
39.6
29.79
47.5
11,
7.21
43.2
34.83
17.0
20.18
24.3
29.31
40.4
30.13
43.2
21,
7.43
43.6
35.09
17.6
20.44
25.4
29.57
41.5
30.46
49.6
May 1,
7.63
44.0
35.32
18.2
20.67
26.9
29.82
42.8
30.77
51.4
11,
7.80
44-3
35.52
18.8
20.88
28.6
30.04
44.5
31.07
53.6
21,
7.95
44-5
35.70
19.3
21.06
30.4
30.24
46.2
31.33
66.2
31,
8.06
44.6
1 35.84
19.7
21.21
32.4
30.41
43.1
31.55
59.0
June 10,
8.14
44.7
35.94
20.1
21.32
34.3
30.64
60.1
31.74
62.0
20,
8.18
44-7
36.01
20.6
21.40
36.3
30.64
52.0
31.88
65.1
1
30,
8.19
44-7
36.04
20.9
21.44
38.1
30.71
63.9
31.98
63.1
July 10.
8.16
44.6
36.03
21.1
21.45
39.9
30.73
65.6
32.03
71.1
20,
8.10
44-5
35.98
21.3
21.42
41.4
30.71
57.2
32.02
74.0
30.
8.01
44.3
35.90
21.4
21.35
42.8
30.66
53.6
31.97
76.6
Aug. 9,
7.90
44-1
35.79
21.4
21.24
43.9
30.57
69.8
31.86
78.9
19.
7.76
43.9
35.65
21.3
21.11
44.8
30.45
60.7
31.72
80.9
29.
7.62
43.5
35.50
21.1
20.96
45.3
30.31
61.4
31.54
82.6
Sept. 8,
7.46
43.2
35.33
20.3
29.70
45.7
30.15
61. S
31.32
83.9
18,
7.32
42.8
35.17
20.4
20.62
45.7
29.97
61.9
31.08
84.7
28.
7.18
42.4
35.02
19.9
20.44
45.4
29.80
61.3
30.83
85.1
Oct. 8,
7.07
42.1
34.83
19.4
20.28
44.8
29.63
61.3
30.58
S5.0
18,
6.99
41.7
i 34.79
18.9
20.14
43.9
29.48
60.6
30.34
84.4
28,
6.96
41.5
34.73
18.3
20.03
42.8
29.36
69.6
30.11
83.4
Nov. 7,
6.97
41.4
34.72
17.^
J 9.96
41.3
29.28
68.3
29.92
81.9
17.
- 7.03
* 7.16
41.6
^34.76
34.86
17.5
19.93
39.6
29.23
66.8
29.76
80.0
27,
41.8
17.2
19.94
37. «
29.23
65.0
29.64
77.8
Dec. 7,
17.
7.33
7.55
42.2
42.8
35.02
35.23
17.2
17.S
^20.01
20.14
35.5
33.0
.29.27
29.38
53.0
50.8
29.57
29.57
75.2
72.3
27.
7.8f
43.7
35.48
17.6
20.30
30.6
29.53
48.5
^ 29.60
69.3
37,
8.10
44.6
35.77
18.0
20.50
28.3
29.72
46.2
v^ 1
29.71
65.8
57
True Apparent Places of 35 of the Princxpnl Fixed Stars, for every
tenth, day of the year. (Continued.)
Epoch — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich.
a Aqu
Ice.
a Cygni.
« Aquarii.
« Pisci.-
tral
Aus-
is.
a Peg
Etsi.
<
bo
6
0)
Q
o
<
To
^ 1
6
o
Q
0
~o
^ !
s
0
ra
<
"bb
eg
d
<
To
(5
'ft
d
(J
Q
h. m.
^
h. in.
^
h. m.
0
h. m.
h. m.
1839.
19 42
sec.
8
20 35
see.
44
21 57
sec.
1
1 1 1
22 48
sec.
30
22 56
sec.
14
Jan. 1,
54.38
26 43.2
54.75
42 28 2
30.03
6 61.2
44.01
28 36.8
44.08
20 28.7
11,
, 54.46
64.59
41.6
54.70
25.4|
29.99
61.9
43.92
36.3
43.99
27.6
21,
39.9
. 54.71
^54.77
22 5
29.98
62.6
43.87
35.6
43.93
2C.4
31,
54.73
38.4
19.3
30.01
63.2 i
43.84
34.5
43.89
25.2
Feb. 10,
54.91
37.0
54.88
16.5
30.05
^ 30.14
63.6 I
43.84
33.3
43.87
24.0
20,
55.12
35.9
55.05
13.8'
64.1
43.87
31.3^
43.89
22.9
Mar. 2,
65.35
35.1
65.25
11.5'
30.26
64.2 1
, 43.94
44.05
30.1
, 43.93
° 44.02
21.9
12,
55.61
34-6
55.51
9.6
30.40
64.1 '
28.0
21.]
22,
65. SS
34-5
65.79
8.2|
30.58
63.8
44.19
25.9
44.14
20.6
April 1,
56.16
34.7
66.12
7.3:
30.79
63.1
44.38
23.7
44.30
20.4
11,
66.46
35.3
66.47
7.0
31.03
62.2
44.60
21.4
44.49
S20.5
21,
56.77
36-3
56.84
7.2
31.29
61.1
44.85
19.1
44.72
21.0
May 1,
57.07
37-6
57.21
8.1'
31.58
59.6
45.14
16.7
44-98
21.8
11,
57.37
39-1
57.59
9.5|
31.88
58.0
45.46
14.5
45.27
23.0
21,
57.66
40.9
67.96
11.4!
32.20
66.2
45 80
123
45.53
24.6
31,
57.94
42-8
58.31
13.8
32.52
54.3
46.15
10.2
45.90
26.3
June JO,
68.19
44-9
58.C3
16.5
32.84
52.3 ;
46.50
8.4
46-23
23.3
20,
58.41
47-0
58.92
19.5
33.14
50.3
46.87
6.8
46.56
30.5
30,
58.60
49-0
59.16
22.7
33.43
48.3
47.22
55
46.87
32.8
July 10,
58.75
51.0
59.36
26.1
33.70
46.5
47.55
4.5
47.17
35.1
20,
58.86
52-9
69.50
29.5
33.93
44.8
47.86
3.9
47.44
37.6
30,
58.93
64-7
69.89
32.8!
34.12
43.1
48.12
3.6
47.67
39.3
Aug. 9,
5S.95
56-3
59.61
36.0
34-27
41-7
48.35
3.6
47.88
42.1
19,
58.93
67-7
59.59
39.1
34-38
40-5
48.53
4.0
48.04
44.1
29,
58.87
68-8
59.51
42.0
34-46
39.6
48.66
4.6
48.16
46.1
Sept. 8,
58.77
69*7
59.33
44.5,
34.47
33.8
48.74
5.6
48.24
47.8
18,
58.64
60-4
69.21
46.7
34.45
38.3
48.78
6.7
48-27
49.2
28,
58.50
60-8
69.00
48.6
34.40
38.0
48.77
7.9
48.27
50.5
Oct. 8,
58.34
61-0
i 68.76
50.0
34-32
37.8
48.71
9.3
48.24
51.5
18,
58.18
fiO-9
58.51
50.9
3422
37.S
48.63
10.6
48-18
52.3
28,
58.02
CO- 6
68.26
51.4
34.10
33.0
43.52
11.9
48.09
52.3
Nov. 7.
57.S8
60-1
58.00
51 3
33.98
38.4
48.39
13.0
47.99
630
17,
57.76
.59-3
57.76
50.8
33.86
38.8
48.24
14.0
47 88
630
27,
57.67
58-3
57.54
49.7
33.74
39.3,
48.09
14.S
47.77
52.7
Dec. 7,
67.61
57.1
57.34
48.2
33.63
40.0
47.96
15.4
47.65
52 3
17,
57.59
55.7
57.19
46.3
33.54
40.6
47.83
15.6
47 54
51 6
27,
57-60
54.2
57.08
44.0
33.47
41.3
47.71
15.5
47.44
50.3
37,
67-67
52.6
67.01
41.4
33.43
42.1
47.62
15.2
47.35
49.7
58
Dr, Young's Refractions, the Barometer being at 30 inches, and the inter-
nal Tliermometer at 50, or the external at 47, degrees; with the corrections
for -f- one inch in the barometer, and for — one degree in the thermom-
eter of Fahrenheit. From page 19 of Vol. 1st of Pearson's Practical As-
tronomy.
<
^=0
. 0
<
0
. 0
eg lO
t2«
0 0
<
0
• 0
cam
^C3
<
0
,2 m
U
<
41 C-l
i+
IT
(X
a.
<
1+
'5= 2_i
a.
i+
Q 1
c
Cl.
<
oh
r+
5c ^^
Q 1
O 1
1 II
,,
II
0 1
/ //
II
0 1 \ 1 II
II
II
0 ,
1 II
II
ii
0. 0
33.51
74
8,1
3. 0
14.35
30
2,3
8. 0 6..35
13,3
,85
14. 0
3.49,9
7,70
,469
5
32.53
71
7,6
6
14.19
29
2,2
10 6.28
13,1
,83
10
3.47,1
7,61
,464
10
31.58
6f
7,3
10
14. 4 29
2,2
2016.21
12,8
,82
20
3.44,4
7,52
,458
15
31. 6
67
7,0
15
13.50 28
2,1
30
6.14
12,6
,80
30
3.41,8
7,43
,453
20
30.13
65
6,7
20
13.35 28
2,1
40
6. 7
12,3
,79
40
3.39,2
7,34
,448
25
29.24
63
6,4
25
13.21 27
2,0
60
6. 0
12,1
,77
60
3.36,7
7,26
,444
30
26.37
61
6,1
30
13. 7 27
2,0
9. 0
5.54
11,9
,76
15. 0
3.34,3
7,18
,439
35
27.51
59
5,9
35
12.63 26
2,0
10
5.47
11,7
,74
30
3.27,3
6,95
,424
40
27. 6
58
6,6
40
12.41 26
1,9
20
5.41
11,5
,73
16. 0
3.20,6
6,73
,411
45
26.24
56
5,4
45
12.28 25
1,9
30
5.36
11,3
,72
30
3.14,4 6,51
,399
60
25.4%
55
5,1
60
12.16 25
1,9
40
5.30
11,1
,71
17. 0
3. 8,5 6,31
,386
65
1. 9
25. 3
24.25
53
52
4,9
4,7
65
4. 0
12. 3 25
11.52 24,1
1^
1,70
50
10. 0
5.25
5.20
11,0
10,8
,69
30
18. 0
3. 2,9
6,12
,374
,362
2.57,6
5,94
6
23.48
60
4,6
10
11.30123,4
1,64
10
5.15
10,6
,67
19
2.47,7
5,61
,340
10
23.13
49
4,5
20
11.10
22,7
1,58
20
5.10
10,4
,65
20
2.38,7
5,31
,322
15
22.40
48
4,4
30
10.50
22,0
1,53
30
5. 6
10,2
,64
21
2.30,5
5,04
,305
20
22. 8
46
4,2
40
10.32
21,3
1,48
40
5. 0
10,1
,63
22
2.23,2
4,79
,290
25
21.37
21. 7
45
44
4,0
3,9
60
5. 0
10.15
9.58
20,7
20,1
1,43
1,38
50
11. 0
4.66
4.51
9,9
9,8
,62
,60
23
24
2.16,5
4,67
,276 1
,264
30
2.10,1
4,35
35
20.38
43
3,8
10
9.42
19,6
1,34
10
4.47
9,6
,59
25
2. 4,2
4,16
,252 j
4G
20.10
42
3,6
20
9.27
19,1
1,30
20
4.43
9,5
,58
26
1.58,8
3,97
,241}
45
19.43
40
3,5
30
9.11
18,6
1,26
30
4.39
9,4
,67
27
1.63,8
3,81
,230 !
60
19.17
39
3,4
40
8.68
18,1
1,22
40
4.35
9,2
,66
28
1.49,1
3,65
,219 I
55
2. C
18.52
18.29
39
38
3,3
3,2
60
6. 0
8.45
8.32
17,6
1772
1,19
],15
50
12. 0
4.31
4.28,1
9,00
,55
,556
29
30
1.44,7
3,50
,209 j
1.40,5
3,36
,201 ;
6
13. 6
37
3,1
10
8.20
16,8
1,11
10
4.24,4
8,86
,548
31
1.36,6
3,23
,193 j
10
17.43
36
3,0
20
8. 9
16,4
1,09
20
4.20,8
8,74
,541
32
1.33,0
3,11
,186 j
15
17.21
36
2,9
30
7.-58
16,0
1,06
30
4.17,3
8,63
,533
33
1.29,5
2,99
,179
20
17. 0
35
2,8
40
7.47
15,7
1,03
40
4.13,9
8,51
524
34
1.26,12,88
,173
25
30
16.40
16.21
34
33
2,8
2,7
60
tTo
7.37
7.27
15,3
15,0
1,00
60
13. 0
4.10,7
8,41
8,30
517
509
35
1.23,0
2,78
,167
,161
4. 7,5
36
1.20,0
2,68
35
16. 2
33
2,7
10
7.17
14,6
,95
10
4. 4,4
8,20
503
37
1.17,1
2,68
,155
40
15.43
32
2,6
20
7. 8
14,3
,93
20
4. 1,4
8,10
496
38
1.14,4
2,49
,149
45
15.25
32
2,5
30
6.59
14,1
.91
30
3.68,4
8,00 ,
490
39
1.11,8
2,40
,144
60
15. 8
31
2,4
40
6.51
13,8
,89
40
3.55,5
7,89 ,482
40
1. 9,3
2,32
,139
65
14.51
30
2,3
50
6.43
13,5
,87
50
3.52,6
7,79 ,476
41
1. 6,9
2,24
,134
59
The Table of Refractions, continue.
f
<
<
o
n
II
2,16
S 1
,130
<
1^
5 +
5 1
<
<
o
. o
id
5 1
,050
<
©
a,
.2 33
3 +
<2fc,
Q 1
,023
«
1. 4,6
65
40,8
II
1,36
,082
67
24,7
;/
,83
11,2
,38
43
1. 2,4
2,09
,125
56
39,3
1,31
,079
68
23,5
,T9
,047
80
10,2
,34
,021
44
1. 0,3
2,02
,120
67
37,8
1,26
,076
69
22,4
,75
,045
81
9,2
,31
,018
43
58,1
1,95
,116
58
36,4
1,22
,073
70
21,2
,71
,043
82
8,2
,27
,016
46
66,1
1,88
,112
59
35,0
1,17
,070
71
19,9
,67
,040
83
7,1
,24
,014
47
48
54,2
62,3
1,81
1,75
,106
,104
60
61
33,6
1,12
,067
,065
72
73
18,8
17,7
,69
,038
,036
84
85
6,1
6,1
,20
,012
,010
32,3
1,08
49
60,5
1,69
,101
62
31,0 1,04
,062
74
16,6
,56
,033
86
4,1
,14
,008
50
48,8
1,63
,097
63
29,7
,99
,060
75
15,5
,52
,031
87
3,1
,10
,006
51
47,1
1,58
,094
64
28,4
,95
,057 76
14,4
,48
,029
88
2,0
,07
,004
52
45,4
1,52
,090
65
27,2
,91
,055 77
13,4
,45
,027
89
1,0
,03
,002
53
43,8
1,47
,0S8
66
25,9
,87
,052 73
12,3
,41
,025
90
0,0
,00
,000
64
42,2
1,41
,085
67
24.7
,83 I
,05011 79
11,2
,38
,023 1 1
The correction for an increase of altitude of one inch in the barometer,
or for a depression of one degree in the thermometer, is to be added to the
tabular refraction ; but when the barometer is lower than 30 inches, or the
thermometer higher than 47 degrees, the correction becomes suhtractive.
When great accuracy is required, 0,003 inch should be deducted from the
observed height of the barometer, for each degree that the thermometer near
it, is above 50 degrees, and the same quantity added, for an equal depression.
A Table
oftht
, Sun's Parallax in
Altitude.
Sun's
Altit.
Sub
'3 Horizontal Parallax.
Sun's
Altit.
Sun's Horizontal Parallax.
J,
,,
,,
II
II
//
"
II
II
,,
5
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
o
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
0
8.40
8.50
8.60
8.70
8.80
45
5.94
6.01
6.08
6.15
6.22
5
8.37
8.47
8.57
8.67
8.77
50
6.40
6.46
5.53
6.59
6.66
10
8.27
8.37
8.47
8.57
6.67
55
4.82
4.88
4.93
4.99
5.05
15
8.11
8.21
8.31
8.40
8.50
, 60
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.36
4.40
20
7.89
7.99
8.08
8.18
8.27
65
3.55
3.59
3.63
3.68
3.72
25
7.61
7.70
7.79
7.88
7.9S
70
2.87
2.91
2.94
2.9S
3.01
30
7.2S
7.36
7.45
7.53
7.62
75
2.17
2.20
2.23
2.25
2.28
35
6.88
6.96
7.04
7.13
7.21
80
1.46
1.48
1.49
1.51
1.53
40
6.44
6.51
6.69
6.66
6.74
85
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
45
6.94
6.01
6.08
6.15
6.22
90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Logarithm for converting Sidereal into Mean Solar Time -f- 9.9988126
" " " Mean Solar into Sidereal Time -f 0.0011874
A second of time, at the Equator contains 1521 feet.
60
TABLE OF SEMIDIURNAL ARCS IN THE U. STATES. [1839.
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THE
AMERICAN ALMANAC.
PART II.
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT.
I. THE CALENDAR.
The Julian and the Gregorian Year, or Old and New Stvle ;
— Time of commencing the Year.
[In the 1st volume of the American Almanac there is an article on the Calendar,
to which the reader is referred for information on some topics which are not treated
of here.]
The Julian Year, so named from Julius Cassar, dates from B. C. 46,
commencing on the 1st of January ; and it consisted of 365 days and
6 hours j three years in four having 365 days, and the other (bissextile
or leap year) 366 days.
Modern chronologists have used the Julian year, it being a measure
of time extremely simple and nearly correct ; and to this standard they
refer all the known events that have happened from the beginning of
the world.
The Julian year, however, is imperfect ; for as the time in which the
sun performs his annual revolution is not quite 365 days and 6 hours,
but 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 45^ seconds ; the civil year
must, therefore, have exceeded the solar or astronomical year by 11
minutes, 14i^ seconds, which in the space of about 130 years, amounted
to a whole day ; nearly equivalent to the gain of 3 days in every inter-
val of 400 years.
The Gregorian Year, so named from Pope Gregory XIII., by whom it
was introduced in 1582, is the Julian year corrected by this rule; — that
whereas, on the former footing, every hundredth year is bissextile, on
the new footing every four-hundredth year only is bissextile ; the others,
viz. the first, second, and third hundredth years, being common years.
Thus, by sinking 3 days in 400 years, being the error of about 1 day
in ]30; and consequently by making the years 1700, 1800, and 1900
to be common years, and the year 2000 bissextile or leap year, the
error arising from the odd time is properly corrected,
Sosigenes, a mathematician of Alexandria, in Egypt, who assisted
Julius Caesar in reforming the Calendar, had observed the vernal equi-
nox on the 25th of March. At the Council of Nice, held in 325, it
was fixed on the 21st of March ; and from that time to the year 1582,
64 THE CALENDAR. [1839.
when the next reformation was effected, the error which had been
gradually accumulating, then amounted to about 10 days, so that the
vernal equinox happened on the 11th of March, instead of the Slst, as
it ought to have done, if the Julian account had agreed with the course
of the sun. To correct the error, 10 days were taken from the month
of October of the year 1582, and by this means the equinox was brought
back to the 21st of March, as it had been settled by the Council of Nice.
Pope Gregory ordered all the ecclesiastics under his jurisdiction to
conform to the new mode of reckoning time, called JSTew Style, and he
exhorted the Christian princes to adopt it in their dominions. Accord-
ingly it was introduced into all Catholic countries j but the Protes-
tant States at that time refused it. In Spain, Portugal, and part of
Italy, it was received on the same day as at Rome ; in France, in De-
cember of the same year (when the 10th was reckoned the 20th of the
month) ; and in the Catholic States of Germany, in 1583. In the Prot-
estant States of Germany, the New Style was adopted in 1700 ; in Great
Britain, in 1752; and in Denmark and Sweden, in 1753. Russia only,
of all the Christian States of Europe, still retains the Old Style.
The change from the Julian or Old Style to the Gregorian or JSTew
Style, was established in England by act of Parliament, passed in 1752;
and was, at the same time, introduced into the English colonies in
America. It was then enacted, that the year should commence on the
1st of January instead of the 25th of March ; and that in the year
1752, the days should be numbered as usual until September 2, when
the day following should be accounted the 14th of September, omitting
11 days. The Gregorian principle of dropping one day in every hun-
dredth year, except the 4th hundredth, was also enacted.
Nearly all the nations of the Christian world now commence their
year on the 1st of January ; but in England till the introduction of the
New Style in 1752, the civil or legal year commenced on the day of the
Annunciation, i. e. the 25th of March, though the historical year then
began, as in most other European countries, on the day of Circumcision,
i. e. the 1st of January. This difference caused great practical incon-
venience, and January, February, and part of March, sometimes bore
two dates, as we often find in old records, as 1711 -12. This practice
often leads to chronological mistakes ; for instance, it is popularly said
in England, '' The Revolution of 1688," that great event happening in
February of the year 1688, according to the then mode of computation;
but if the year were held to begin as it does now, on the 1st of January,
it would be " The Revolution of 1689." This difference of time in com-
mencing the year often causes embarrassment in America, as well as in
England, with regard to dates. In the English American colonies the
legal year, before 1752, commenced on the 25th of March; as it did in
England. Washington, for instance, was born on the 11th of Febru-
1839.] THE CALENDAR. 65
ary, 1731, according to the mode of reckoning in use at the time ; but
on the 22d, 1732, according to the New Style. To prevent mistakes,
both modes of dating are sometimes used, as February «^i, 173^, or
February 11-22, 1731-2.
The English antiquary, Stowe, observes, that William the Con-
queror having been crowned on the 1st of January, that henceforth
became the first year for historians, &c.; though in all civil affairs, they
retained the ancient manner of accounting, which began on the 25th of
March.
The Catholic Church, and also the Church of England, as to their
solemn service, begin the year on the first Sunday in Advent, which is
always that next to St. Andrew's day, or the 30th of November.
The Jews, as most other nations of the East, had a civil year, which
commenced with the new moon in September; and an ecclesiastical
year, which commenced from the new moon in March.
The French year, during the reigns of the Merovingian race, began
on the 1st of March ; under the Carlovingians, on Christmas-day, and
under the Capetians, on Easter-day (varying from the 22d of March to
the 25th of April); — but Charles IX. ordained, in 1564, that it should
in future begin on the 1st of January. But during the Republic, estab-
lished in 1792, the year was made to commence at the autumnal equi-
nox, September 22.
The Mahometans begin the year at the vernal equinox, or the minute
when the sun enters Aries ; the Chinese, and most of the nations of
India with the first moon in March ; the Bramins with the first moon
in April.
■ II. EXPECTATION OF LIFE, OR LAW OF MORTALITY.
In the volume of the American Almanac for 1835, there are a series
of Life- Annuity Tables, and Tables showing the Expectation of Life,
&c., in the United States. We here insert some tables of similar
character relating to England and Prussia.
England.
The following table from McCulloch's " Statistical Account of the
British Empire," is an abridged form from tables calculated by Mr. Fin-
laison, and shows a striking improvement in the value of life in England.
The 1st division of the table gives the expectation of life, as deduced
from the ages of the subscribers to the Million Tontine of 1695 ; the 2d,
the expectation of life among the government annuitants, in the inter-
val between 1785 and 1825; and the 3d, the expectation of life for the
whole population, as deduced from the deaths and ages recorded in the
parish registers from 1813 to 1830 ; distinguishing, in all cases, between
6*
66
EXPECTATION OF LIFE, OR LAW OF MORTALITY. [1839.
male and female life. Those on whom the estimates of the first two
divisions of the table are founded, being annuitants, and generally
therefore in decidedly comfortable circumstances, must be regarded as
picked lives ; whereas the last embraces all sorts. Now it appears from
this table, that the probable life of a male annuitant, 20 years of age, in
1695, was 29.34 years ; while, in 1830, the probable life of a male of
the same age, taken indiscriminately from the mass of the population,
was 39.65 years ; — exceeding that of the former by more tlian ten
years ! The improvement in female life has been equally great ; but,
for obvious reasons, it is not so great when we compare females ta-
ken from the mass of the people wilh female annuitants.
This wonderful improvement must, no doubt, be ascribed to a variety
of causes; partly to the drainage of bogs and marshes, by which agues
and marsh fevers have been entirely banished from many districts;
partly to improvements in the diet, dress, lodgings, and other accom-
modations of the mass of the people ; partly to the greater prevalence
of cleanliness ; partly, and since 1800, chiefly, perhaps, to the discov-
eries in medical science, and the extirpation of the small-pox.
1. Statement of the Expectation of Life in England and Wales at every
oth Year of Jige, deduced from the Ages of the Subscribers to the Mil-
lion Tontine of 1695 ; the Annuitants from 1785 to 1825 ; and the
Deaths in the Parish Registers from 1813 to 1830.
Million Tontine
Annuitants,
Parish Registers.
of 1695.
1785-1825.
1813-1830.
Age.
Expec-
Differ- Expec-
Expec-
Differ-
Expec-
Expec-
Differ-
Expecta-
tation.
ence. tation.
tation.
ence.
tation.
tation.
ence.
tion.
Males.
1 Fem.
Males.
Fem.
Males.
Fem.
Under 1 year
37.61
. . i . .
50.16
5.35
55.51
39.96
3.24
43.20
1
38.49
5'.36' 43.85
50.13
5.46
55.59
47.78
2.36
50.14
5
39.03
3.41 , 42.44
48.93
5.30
54.23
49.80
1.49
51.29
10
35.71
4.72 1 40.43
45.57
5.48
51.05
46.83
1.12
47.95
15
32.05
5.27 i 37.32
41.76
5.43
47.19
43.08
1.00
44.08
20
29.34
4.91 1 34.25
38.39
5.60
43.99
39.65
1.03
40.68
25
27.96
3.71 i 31.67
35.90
4.91
40.81
36.55
1.09
37.64
30
26.27
2.71 28.98
33.17
4.40
37.57
33.34
1.29
34.63
35
24.12
2.20 26.32
30.17
4.14
34.31
30.03
1.48
31.51
40
2] .74
1.91 2:3,65
27.09
4.10
31.12
26.75
1.63
28.38
45
19.15
1.47 j 20.62
23.75
4.06
27.81
23.48
1.66
25.14
50
16.86
,92 1 17.78
20.30
4.05
24.35
20.31
1.52
21.83
55
14.52
.94 1 15.46
17.15
3.64
20.79
17.19
1.32
18.51
60
11.65
1.60 ; 13.25
14.39
2.93
17.32
14.20
1.08
15.28
65
9.30
.93 1 10.23
11.63
2.37
14.00
11.43
.89
12.32
70
7.19
.60 7.79
9.22
1.77
10.99
8.94
.73
9.67
75
5.61
.05 5.56
7.12
1.34
8.46
6.78
.55
7.33
80
4.92
1.13 3.79
4.94
1.56
6,50
5.05
.41
5.46
85
3.58
.22 3.80
3.12
1.72
4,84
3.85
.37
4.22
90
2.01
.53 1 2.54
1.95
.88
2.83
3.42
.28
3.70
95
1.18
.46 1 1.64
1.18
,37
1.55
3.06
.16
3.22
100
Sums of ages.
0.00
. . ! 0.00
0
.50
.50
2.78
.06
2.72
370.68
;411.37'
1
465.79
535.80
474.30
495.70
1839.] EXPECTATION OF LIFE, OR LAW OF MORTALITY. 67
2. An Account of the Ages of 3,938,496 Persons buried in England and
Wales (of whom 1,996,195 Males, 1,942,301 Females) during 18 Years,
1813-1830; according to Mr. Finlaison.
Age.
Males.
Fuinales.
Both
Age.
Males.
Fe- ! Both
Age.
Males.
1
Fe- 1 Both
der >
Sexes.
males. Sexes.
males. Sexes.
40
16,209
17,304 33,513
80
20,666
24,951 '45,617
1 Y. )
436,946
341,137
778,083
41
10,083
10,906 20,989
1 81
13,146
14,279 27,425
42
13,423
14,073 27,566
82
15,523
17,582:33,105
1
139,426
127,017
266,443
43
10,828
11,489 22,317
1 83
12,072
13,72125,793
2
78,114
75,900
154,014
44
12,292
12,666 24,958
! 84
15,920
18,477 34,397
3
47,860
46,773
94,633
45
15,532
14,548 30,080
i 85
12,245
14,187 26,432
4
33,693
32,076
65,769
46
12,601
12.334 24,935
1 86
8,854
10,437 19,291
5
24,854
23,340
48,194
47
12,633
12,103 24,736
87
7,070
8,48915,559
6
19,376
18,091
37,467
48
13,801
13,230 27,031
88
6,762
8,325 15,087
7
16,467
14,668
31,135
49
12,203
11,486 23,689
89
4,468
5,637j 10,105
8
13,895
12,363
26,258
1
9
12,671
11,270
23,941
50
17,468
16,059 33,527
90
4,549
6,624111,173
51
10,792
10,119 20,911
i 91
2,293
3,057 i 5,350
10
11,610
10,527
22,137
52
14,544
13,875 28,419
' 92
2,038
2,867 ( 4,905
11
10,441
9,777
20,218
53
13 050
12,009 25,059
; 93
1,598
2,258| 3,856
12
9,996
9,800
19,796
54
13,148
12,346 25,494
1 94
1,129
1,685! 2'^ 14
13
9,688
10,261
19,949
55
16,303
15,209 31,512
' 95
977
1,582^ 2,559
14
10,589
11,799
22,379
56
15,705
14,f 89 30,294
1 96
715
1,182 1,897
15
10,096
12,527
23,623
57
14,067
12,995 27,062
97
494
846 1 1,340
16
11,385
13,737
25,122
58
14,287
13,414 27,701
98
426
708i 1,134
17
12,566
14,212
26.780
59
13,479
12,303 25,782
, 99
267
495 762
18
14,212
14,998
29,210
1
19
15,144
16,061
31,205
; 60
21,835
21,438 43,273
ilOO
239
468 707
61
13,533
12,551 26.084
101
133
225 358
20
15,245
16,041
31,236
62
16,693
16,253 32,946
102
70
174
244
21
15,834
16,237
32,071
63
18,631
18,282 .36,913
103
63
134
197
22
16,188
17,597
33,785'
64
17,761
17,629 35,390
104
41
90
131
23
14,850
16,803
31,653
65
18,911
18,723 37,634
105
29
72 101
24
14,515
16,722
31,237
66
20,160 20,332 40,492
106
17
29 46
25
14,569
16,586
31,155
67
19,352 19,523 38,875
107
13
21
34
26
13,785
16,318
30,103
68
18,315 18,298 36,613
108
10
18
28
27
13,623
16,133
29,756
69
16,816
16,2-^ 33,038
109
6
12
18
28
13,778
16,272
30,050
29
12,199
14,431
26,630
70
26,187
27,766
53,953
110
7
11
18
71
16,008
16,154
42,162
111
2
3
5
30
14,513
16,514
31,027
72
21,085 21,863
42,953
112
1
1
2
31
10,338
11,963
22,301
73
20,562 21,363
41,925
113
1
1
2
32
12,597
14,:27
27,024
74
20,652 21,163
41,815
1114
0
2
2
33
12,409
14,227
26,636
75
21,936 22,884
44,820
117
0
1
1
34
11,605
13,279
24,884
76
19,595 20,522
40,117
118
1
0
1
35
13,741
15,200
28,941
77
21,012 21,845
42,857
119
1
0
1
36
13,234
14,950
28,184
78
19,595 21,030
40,625
,120
2
1
3
37
11,873
13,409
25,282
79
15,576 16,433
32,009
,124
1
0
1
38
12,519
14,268
26,787
39
11,167
12,611
23,778
1
Prussia.
The census of the population of Prussia is taken every three years ;
and an accurate register of births and deaths has been kept since 1820,
from which important facts have been deduced relating to the laws of
population and mortality, and the expectation of life. The following
statement exhibits the number of births and deaths in Prussia during
15 years, from 1820 to 1834 inclusive.
68
EXPECTATION OF LIFE, OR LAW OF MORTALITY. [1839.
Births,
Deaths,
Males,
Females,
C Males,
I Females,
3,906,544 )
3,686,473 5
2,814,742 I
2,642,467 5
Total,
Total,
7,593,017
5,457,209
Excess of births, . . . 2,135,808
In the three years, 1820 - 1 - 2, the annual average of deaths was
1 in 38 ; the births, 1 to 23 living; and, in the three years 1832-3-4,
the deaths were 1 in 31 j the births, 1 to 26 living.
In each 1,000 deaths 515.7 are males, and 484.2 females. Of these,
there die, before the completion of their
Males. Females.
3d year . • 216.3 . . 181.6
7th
14th "
25th "
45th "
60th "
80th "
After 80th year
37.1
21.2
27.2
51.5
56.6
86.9
18.5
36.1
20.7
23.5
58.5
53.2
90.7
19.2
Total.
398.9
73.2
41.9
50.7
110.0
109.8
177.6
38.7
3.
Table exhibiting the total numbei
' of Persons toho died in
the Prussian
States in 15 Years, from 1820 to 1834, with
the Scale of Ages, a^ offi-
daily registered.
[From the Tables of M. Hoffman.]
Males.
147,705
Females.
Total.
Born dead, ....
109,363
257,068
Di
ed in the first year,
715,284
581,540
1,296,824
« " 2d and 3d year, .
317,934
300,630
618,564
' " 4th and 5th year,
129,390
125,919
255,309
« " 6th and 7th year.
73,331
70,970
144,301
' " 8th to the 10th year,
65,161
62,932
128,093
<■ " 11th to the 14th year.
50,559
50,460
101,019
< " 15th to the 20th year.
67,880
64,449
132,329
' " 21st to the 25th year.
81,096
64,184
145,280
' <« 26th to the 30th year,
67,494
72,989
140,483
' " 31st to the 35th year,
64,714
77.224
141,938
' " 36th to the 40th year,
68,725
83,167
151,892
' " 41st to the 45th year.
80,497
86,343
166,840
' " 46th to the 50th year.
91,213
85,129
176,342
' " 51st to the 55th year,
104,898
97,987
202,885
' " 56th to the 60th year,
113,184
107,556
220,740
' " 61st to the 65th year.
135,108
140,052
275,160
« " 66th to the 70th year,
125,620
130,840
256,460
' " 71st to the 75th j-ear,
119,016
127,355
246,371
« " 76th to the 80th year,
94,777
96,935
191,712
< " 81st to the 85th year,
61,148
63,369
124,517
' " 86th to the 90th year,
27,556
28,950
56,506
' after the 90th year,
12,452
14,124
26,576
Total of all ages,
2,814,742
2,642,467
5,457,209
1839.] EXPECTATION OF LIFE, OR LAW OF MORTALITY. 69
Mr. Hoffman remarks, " Of 7,593,017 children born in a period of
fifteen years, there were born dead, 257,068 ; that is, of 100,000, 3,386,
which is a little above one thirtieth. And of those who died after birth,
but before the completion of their first year, 1 ,296,824 ; that is, of
100,000, 17,079. Total of those born dead and who died in the first
year, 1,553,892 ; that is, of 100,000, 20,465. The number of children
born dead, and the number dying in their first year, might assuredly
be diminished by the influence of competent circumstances and of moral
habits ; inasmuch as the former would admit of more indulgence and
attention to the wants of mothers and children among the great mass
of the people ; while the latter would occasion the prevalence of more
maternal care. Still, however important may be the improvement
of the people in these two respects, the number of children who do
not survive the first year of their life, will always remain very consid-
erable."
III. PUBLICATION OF BOOKS.
The countries in which the business of publishing books is carried on
to the greatest extent are Germany, England, and France, in Europe,
and the United States, in America.
England.
The greater part of the works which were issued from the press dur-
ing the first century of printing, both in England and on the continent
of Europe, were such as had been written in the previous ages, and
had long existed in manuscript. The first printers were always book-
sellers, and sold their own impressions. The two occupations were not
divided till the early part of the 16th century.
Printing was introduced into England by William Caxton in 1471 ;
and Ames and Herbert have recorded the titles of nearly 10,000 dis-
tinct works printed in Great Britain between 1471 and 1600, equalling,
on an average, 76 works each year. Many of these works, however,
were single sheets ; but, on the other hand, there were doubtless many
which were not recorded. The number of readers in Great Britain
during this period was comparatively small ; and the average number
of each book printed is not supposed to be more than about 200.
The first half of the 17th century produced a considerable number of
English works of merit; but it was especially remarkable for the great
number of tracts or pamphlets, many of which were written in the
spirit of furious controversy. The British Museum contains a collec-
tion of 2,000 volumes of Tracts issued between the years 1640 and 1660,
the whole number of which several publications amounts to no lesa^
than 30,000.
70
PUBLICATION OF BOOKS.
[1839.
The whole number of books printed in England during 14 years,
from 1666 to 1680, was 3,550 ; equal to 253 yearly ; — but, deducting the
reprints, pamphlets, single sermons, and maps, the annual average of
new books may be computed at much less than 100.
The number of new works, exclusive of " all pamphlets and other
tracts," issued during 56 years, as appears from a '• Complete Catalogue
of Modern Books, published from the beginning of the century (1700
to 1756," was 5,280 ; equal to a yearly average of 94.
The number of new works, exclusive of reprints and pamphlets, issu-
ed during 11 years, from 1792 to 1802 inclusive, was 4,096; equal to
372 each year.
The number of new publications issued in 27 years, from 1800 to
1827, including reprints altered in size and price, but excluding pam-
phlets, was, according to the London Catalogue, 19,860: — deducting
one fifth for reprints, we have 15,888, equal to 588 each year.
The following table exhibits the number of new publications, exclu-
sive of reprints and pamphlets, during each year, from 1828 to 1836.
Year.
Publications.
Volumes.
Year.
Publicationg.
Volume
1828
842
1,105
1833
1,180
1,567
1829
1,064
1,413
1834
1,220
1,494
1830
1,142
1,592
1835
1,382
1,713
1831
1,105
1,619
1836
1,332
1,573
1832
1,152
1,525
London is the great centre of the British book-trade ; the number of
new publications that issue from its presses being far greater than all
that appear in the rest of the empire. Some of the principal places for
publishing books in Great Britain, besides London, are Oxford and
Cambridge in England, and Edinburgh and Glasgow in Scotland.
Mr. McCuUoch estimates the number of volumes of new publi-
cations produced annually in Great Britain (exclusive of reprints, pani-
phlets, and periodical publications not in volumes) at about 1,500; and
the average impression of each volume at 750 copies ; — annual total.
1,125,000 volumes : — value at 95. a volume, £ 506,250. " The number
of reprinted volumes, particularly of school-books, is very great; and if
to these we add the reviews, magazines, pamphlets, and all other publi-
cations, exclusive of newspapers, the total publication value of the new
works of all sorts, and new copies of old works that are annually pro-
duced, may be estimated at about £750,000."
The most remarkable characteristic of the press within a few years
past, has been its periodical literature. It has been computed, that the
periodical works issued in Great Britain during one year, comprise j
more sheets than all the books printed in Europe from the period of the !
invention of the art of printing to the year 1500, The number of News-
paper stamps annually issued is now about 45,000,000. The number of I
1839.] PUBLICATION OF BOOKS. 71
weekly periodical works issued in London on Saturday, Dec. 16, 1837,
was about 50; of these the weekly sale of ''Chambers' Journal,"
"Penny Magazine," "Saturday Magazine," "Mirror," "Mechanics'
Magazine," " Lancet," " Church of England Magazine,'' and of sev-
eral others of the more important, amounted to little less than 200,000
copies, or about 10,000,000 copies annually. — The greater part of the
preceding facts are derived from " The Penny Magazine," for Dec. 31,
1S37.
London Newspapers. — From the return of the number of Newspaper
stamps issued from the 1st of January to the 30th of July, it appears
that the circulation of the daily papers is as follows : —
Morning Papers.
Evening Papers.
Times, . . . 1,605,000
Standard,
537,000
Morning Chronicle, 1,105,000
Globe,
450,000
Morning Herald, . 1,050,000
Sun,
426,000
Morning Post, . 407,000
Courier,
235,500
Advertiser, . . 255,000
True Sun,
227,500
For an account of (he " London Periodical Press," see the American
Almanac for 1838.
France.
" The activity of the French press has been very greatly increased
since the downfall of Napoleon. The Count Daru, in a very instruc-
tive work (JVotions Statistiques sur la Librarie), published in 1827,
estimated the number of printed sheets, exclusive of Newspapers,
produced by the French press in 1816, at 66,852,883; and in 1825,
at 128,011,483 ; and we believe that the increase from 1825 down to the
present period has been little if any thing inferior. The quality of many
of the works that have recently issued from the French press is also
very superior; and it may be doubted, whether such works as the Bio-
graphie Universelle, the new and enlarged edition of the ^rt de verifier
les Dates, in 38 vols, octavo, and the two octavo editions of Bayle's
Dictionary, could have been published in any other country. The
greater number of new French works of merit, or which it is supposed
will command a considerable sale, are immediately reprinted in the
Netherlands or Switzerland, but principally in the former. To such an
extent has this piratical practice been carried, that it is stated in the
Hequete presented by the French booksellers to the government in
1828, that a single bookseller in Brussels had, in 1825 and 1826. and the
first six months of 1827, reprinted 318,615 volumes of French works!
Having nothing to pay for copyright, these counterfeit editions can be
afforded at lower prices than those that are genuine. This is a very
serious injury to French authors and publishers, not only by preventing
the sale of their works in foreign countries, but from the ease with
72 PDBLICATION OF BOOKS. [1839.
which spurious copies may be introduced into France." — McCulloch's
Commercial Dictionary.
The first six months of the year 1837, as stated by the " Foreign
Quarterly Review," there were printed in France, 3,413 works, in
French and other languages ; also 571 engravings and lithographs.
Number of volumes passing from one country to the other in the
book-trade between England and France.
Vols, France to England. Vols. England to France.
1821 . . . 81,127 . . . 19,086
1825 . . . 178,366 . . . 19,036
1830 . . . 108,897 . . . 12,714
1832 . . . 84,954 . . . 19,682
The great disproportion in the number of books going from one coun-
try to the other is accounted for, from the facts, that German and Italian
books are principally transmitted to England through Paris ; that
French booksellers reprint a great number of English works, which are
sold on the continent at a much cheaper rate, than English books print-
ed in England ; and that translations of English books in France are
much more numerous than translations of French books in England.
Germany.
The book-trade of Germany is greatly facilitated by the book-fairs
held at Leipsic at Easter and Michaelmas, which are attended by the
booksellers of Germany, and by many of those of the neighboring coun-
tries, as France, Switzerland, Denmark, &c. This trade began to flour-
ish in 1814 ; the number of works then annually offered for sale was
about 2,000 ; but the number has been gradually increasing, having
for the first time exceeded 5,000 in 1827; and it now exceeds 7,000.
The following statement exhibits the number of literary productions,
— books, pamphlets, and maps, collective or single, wholly new, trans-
lations, or new editions, offered for sale at the Leipsic fairs since 1826.
1827, 5,108
1828, 5,654
1829, 5,314
1830, 5,926
1831, 5,508
18.32, 6,122
1833, 5,653
1834, 6,074
1835, *4,I93
1836, 7,529
1837, 7,891
Hanover, 175
The Two Hesses, 266
The 4 Saxon Duchies, 309
Number of works by different German Sates in 1837.
Prussia, 2,109 Wurtemberg, 609
Saxony, 1,342 Austria, 491
Bavaria, 889 Baden, 264
** An Augsburg paper states," (says the " Foreign Quarterly Re-
view,'' 1836,) " that, on a moderate calculation, 10,000,000 of volumes
* The number for 1835 embraces the productions offered at the Easter fair only,
not including that of Michaelmas.
I 1839.] PUBLICATION OF BOOKS. 73
I
i are annually printed in Germany, and as every half-yearly fair cata-
logue contains the names of more than 1,000 German writers, it may
be assumed, that there are now living upwards of 50,000 persons who
have written one or more books. The total value of all the books pub-
; lished annually in Germany is estimated from 5 to 6,000,000 dollars."
I " Three individuals," (says the *' Gentleman's Magazine," October,
' 1837,) " at this moment have almost monopolized the bookselling trade
, of Germany. The most powerful of these is Baron Cotta, the proprie-
|tor of AUgemeine Zeitung, which many of our contemporaries persist in
} miscalling the ^Mg-siwro- Gazette. Baron Cotta is likewise the proprietor
of six literary periodicals of high standing, and of several others of
inferior rank, and is said to have from 300 to 400 editors in his pay.
j He is proprietor of the copyright of all the works of Goethe, Schiller,
j Herder, and Uhland. — The second of these literary grandees is
; Reimer, of Berlin, who now owns the copyright of all the works of
( Jean Paul, Tiek, Kliest, Johannes Von Muller, Novalis, and Schlegel.
! — The third is Brockhaus, of Leipsic, proprietor of the Conrcrsations-
i Lexicon, which alone occupies more than 100 literary men. Brockhaus
{is likewise the publisher of a most colossal Encyclopaedia, which, when
j finished, will consist at least of 200 volumes."
I Russia and Swedejv.
1 Russia. — In the year 1836, 674 original works, and 124 translations
were published in Russia, exclusive of 46 periodicals.
I Sweden. — There are only 28 or 30 printing presses in Sweden ; 10 in
(Stockholm, 3 in Gotteiiburg, 2 in Upsal, 2 in Norkoping, and 1 in
several other places.
United States.
The number of new works which appeared in the United States, in
1834 and 1835, amounted to 1,013, forming 1,300 volumes, and the cost
of which may be estimated at $ 1.220,000. In 1836, the number was
considerably increased, and the cost of the books published in that year
cannot be computed at less than $1,500,000. Boston, New York, Phil-
adelphia, and Hartford furnished 19 20ths of the total amount.
Another statement for the years 1833, 1S34, and 1835, is as follows : —
originals 1,030, reprints 854 ; total, 1,884 ; — number of volumes printed
(1,000 for each edition) 1,884,000.
In most cases the editions of one and the same work are larger and
more frequent in the United States than in any other country. Many
reprinted English works -have here passed through three or four edi-
tions, while the publishers of the original in England have but one.
In one instance, the sale of a book in America amounted to 100,000
copies, whereas in England only four editions, of 1,000 copies each,
were disposed of.
7
74 TEMPERANCE AND LICENSE LAW OF MASSACHUSETTS. [1839.
The amount of literary productions in America has more than doubled
during the last ten years. The sale of five bookselling establishments
amounted in 1836, to $ 1,350,000. A single publisher paid, in the five
years preceding 1834, $135,000 for copyrights, out of which ^30,000
were for two works only. Carey, Lea, & Blanchard paid last year
^30,000 to American writers; and Harper & Brothers have paid about
the same sum for several years past.
The following statement will show the relative proportion of native
and imported literary productions in 1834 :
Education, .... 73
9
18
95
17
3
3
10
0
43
IV. TEMPERANCE AND THE LICENSE LAW OF MASSA-
CHUSETTS.
In seveial of the preceding volumes of the American Almanac, the
subject of Temperance and the Temperance Reform has received more
or less attention. The American Temperance Society, which first
inculcated and brought into general notice the doctrine of total absti-j
nence from the use of ardent spirits as drink, was formed at Boston, in
February, 1826 ; and since that time, a moet important and salutarj
change, with regard to the use of ardent spirits, has taken place in
public opinion, and in the practice of a large part of the people of thir
country.
Divinity, 37 . . . ,
Novels and Tales, . . . 19 . . .
■ History and Biography, . . . 19 .
Jurisprudence, . . . . 20 . . .
Poetry, 8 . . .
Travels, . . . . • 8 . . .
Fine Arts, . . . • . 8 . . .
Miscellaneous Works, . . 59 . . .
Thus it appears in American literature the scientific and practicall}
useful predominate, and that works of imagination are chiefly derived
from foreign sources. The school-books are almost all written or com-
piled in the United States ; and some idea of the extensive business
done in them may be formed from the circumstance, that, of some of
the most popular compilations in geography, from 100,000 to 300,000
copies have been sold in ten years ; so that, in many instances, works .
of this kind produce a permanent income, as well to the author as the
publisher. During the last five years, the number of American original
works in proportion to reprints, has nearly doubled. — Literary Adver-
tiser, ^c.
1839.] TEMPERANCE AND LICENSE LAW OF MASSACHUSETTS. 75
According to the Report of the American Temperance Society for
i 1835, there were then, in the United States, more than 8,000 Tern"
i perance Societies, 23 of them State societies, embracing more than
1,500,000 members; more than 4,000 distilleries have been stopped;
: more than 8,000 traders had ceased to sell ardent spirits ; more than
1,200 vessels were navigated without using it ; and more than 12,000
drunkards had been reformed.
I Since the commencement of the Temperance Reform, the medical
t profession, who are naturally looked upon as the guardians of the pub-
i lie health, have, with remarkable unanimity, given their influence in
I its favor; and thousands of them have added their signature to the fol-
I lowing declaration, or to one of similar import : — " that men in health
' are never benefited by the tise of ardent spirits : — that, on the contrary,
I the use of them is the frequent cause of disease and death, and often
\ renders such diseases as arise from other causes more difficult of cure,
! and more fatal in their termination."
: Resolutions declaring, " that the traffic in ardent spirits, to be used
j as drink, is morally wrong, and ought to be abandoned," have, some
time since, been passed by various ecclesiastical bodies of different
denominations of Christians, embracing more than 5,000 ministers of
the gospel, and more than 6,000 churches ; by several State Temper-
ance societies ; by the Congressional Temperance Society ; and by the
American Temperance Society, at its meeting at Philadelphia, in May,
1834, comprising more than 400 delegates, from 21 different States.
After such a change in public opinion with respect to the use of
ardent spirits, it was natural to look for a change of the laws relating to
the subject; and, during the last session of the legislature of Massachu-
setts, petitions were sent in from various parts of the State, signed by.
numerous individuals, praying for a reform of the license laws. After
much deliberation and discussion, the following important act was
passed, by large majorities, in both branches of the legislature, and was
supported by different parties.
" Jn Jlct to regulate the Sale of Spiritous Liquors.
"Be it enacted, 8^c., as folloics : — Sect. 1. No licensed innholder,
retailer, common victualler, or other person, except as herein after pro-
vided, shall sell any brandy, rum, or other spiritous liquors, or any
mixed liquor, part of which is spiritous, in a less quantity than fifteen
gallons, and that delivered and carried away all at one timre, on pain of
forfeiting not more than twenty dollars, nor less than ten dollars, for
each offence, to be recovered in the manner and for the use provided in
the twenty-sixth section of the forty-seventh chapter of the Revised
Statutes.
'' Sect. 2. The county commissioners, in the several counties, may
76 TEMPERA>CE AND LICETVSE LAW OF MASSACHUSETTS. [1839.
license for their respective towns, as many apothecaries, or practising
physicians as they deem necessary, to be retailers of spiritous liquors,
to be used in the arts, or for medicinal pu-rposes only ; and the mayor
and aldermen of the several cities, may, in like manner, and for like
purposes, license apothecaries, as retailers for their respective cities,
and the court of common pleas in the county of Suffolk, in like manner
and for like purposes, may license apothecaries or practising physicians,
as retailers, in the town of Chelsea, which licenses shall be granted in
the same manner and under the same restrictions now provided by law
for licensing retailers; provided that the number of persons so licensed
shall not exceed one for every two thousand inhabitants, and in towns
containing less than two lliousand inhabitants, one person may be
licensed ; and provided farther, that in such cities and towns where there
is no apothecary or practising physician, such other person or persons
may be appointed as aforesaid, as may be deemed proper by said county
commissioners, and no person so licensed shall sell any spiritous liquor
to be drunk in or about his premises on pain of the forfeiture, provided
in the first section of this act.
" Sect. 3. All licenses hereafter granted to innholders, retailers, and
common victuallers, shall be so framed as not to authorize the licensed
persons to sell brandy, rum, or any other spiritous liquors ; and no ex-
cise or fee shall be required for such a license.
" Sect. 4. The provisions of all laws now in force inconsistent with
this act are hereby repealed.
" Sect. 5. This act shall take effect on the first day of July next, but
shall have no operation upon any licenses granted previous to that time.
" Approved by the Governor, April 19, 1838."
The old license law, as well as the new one, was a law of prohibi-
tion ; as all persons, except those who were licensed, were prohibited
from selling ardent spirits. But the old law was founded on the opin-
ion, heretofore prevalent, that rum is a good and useful drink for men
in health, an opinion which has been the cause of incalculable evil, and
the destruction of millions of lives. The new law is founded on the
opinion, now almost universally adopted by those who have examined
the question, that ardent s'^irits are not useful as a drink, for men in
health, but, on the contrary, are hurtful; and on the well established fact,
that the customary use of them is destructive of character, of property,
of health, and of life ; and is the fruitful source of domestic suffering
and sorrow, of pauperism and crime. It regards the article to be sold as
a medicine ; and, in accordance with this view of it, its sale is limited
to apothecaries or physicians, who deal in drugs of this description.
In a republican government, laws are expressions of public opinion
and of the public will. A law may be good in itself, and highly bene-
ficial in its operation, and yet not be sustained by the people. Some
1839.] SELECT SCRAPS. 77
persons friendly to the principle of this law have doubted whether pub-
lic opinion was yet prepared for it; but nothing is plainer than that
for several years past, public opinion has been making rapid advances
towards such a state of preparation. The question is now to be tried ;
and happy will it be for the Commonwealth if the affirmative shall be
established.
The law is, of course, opposed by intemperate persons, and also by
all who are disposed to continue the use of ardent spirits as drink;
although to both these classes of persons the law is peculiarly salutary
and friendly in its operation. It is also strenuously opposed by those
who traffic in ardent spirits, and '•' by this craft have their wealth,"
and who are much disturbed at the " danger of their craft being set at
nought." To all such we wish greater gains in a more useful employ-
ment.
But whether public opinion is sufficiently prepared for such a legis-
lative measure on this subject or not ; yet, unless it can be shown, that
the views of those who have paid most attention to the effect of the use
of ardent spirits, and of those who are naturally looked upon as the
guardians of the public health and of the public morals, are grossly er-
roneous, the principle of this law must receive the cordial support of
every man, who acts from an enlightened sense of duty.
V. SELECT SCRAPS.
Solitude. — He who must needs have company, must needs have
sometimes bad company. Be able to be alone. Lose not the advantage
of solitude and the society of thyself; nor be only content, but delight
to be alone and single with Omnipresency. He who is thus prepared,
the day is not uneasy, nor the night black unto him. Darkness may
bound his eyes, not his imagination. In his bed he may lie, like Pom-
pey and his sons, in all quarters of the earth ; may speculate the uni-
verse, and enjoy the whole world in the hermitage of himself. Thus,
the old Asiatic Christians found a paradise in a desert; and, with little
converse on earth, held a conversation in heaven ; thus they astrono-
mized in caves, and, though they beheld not the stars, had the glory
of heaven before them. — Sir Thomas Brotone.
Sleep. — We term sleep a death; and yet it is waking that kills us,
and destroys spirits that are the house of life. It is indeed a part of life
that best expresseth death ; for every man truly lives, so long as he acts
his nature, or some way makes good the faculties of himself. Therais-
tocles, therefore, that slew his soldier in his sleep, was a merciful
7*
78 SELECT SCKAPS. [1839.
executioner : 'tis a kind of punishment the mildness of no laws hath
invented ; I wonder the fancy of Lucan and Seneca did not discover it
It is that death by which we may be literally said to die daily ; a death
which Adam died before his mortality ; a death whereby we live a
middle and moderating point between life and death. In fine, so like
death, I dare not trust it without my prayers, and a half adieu unto the
world, and take my farewell in a colloquy with God. — Sir Thomas
Brovme.
Ji Great and a Little Mind. — The difference between a great mind's
and a little mind's use of history is this. The latter would consider,
for instance, what Luther did, taught, or sanctioned : the former, what
Luther, — a Luther, — would now do, teach, and sanction. — if you
would be well with a great mind, leave him with a favorable impres-
sion of you ; — if with a little mind, leave him with a favorable opinion
of himself. — Coleridge.
Marriage. — The well-spring of all sensible communion is the nat-
ural delight and need which undepraved n>an hath to transfuse from
himself into others, and to receive from others into himself, those
things wherein the excellency of his kind doth most consist ; and the
eminence of love or marriage communion is, that this mutual transfu-
sion can take place more perfectly and totally in this than in any other
mode.
Prefer person before money, good-temper with good sense before per-
son ; and let all, wealth, easy temper, strong understanding, and beau-
ty, be as nothing to thee, unless accompanied by virtue in principle and
habit.
Suppose competence, health, and honesty ; then a happy marriage
depends on four things : — 1 . An understanding proportionate to thine,
that is, a recipiency at least of thine : — 2. Natural sensibility and
lively sympathy in general : — 3. Steadiness in attaching and retainmg
sensibility to its proper objects in its proper proportions : — 4. Mutual
liking ; including person, and all the thousand obscure sympathies that
determine conjugal liking, that is, love and desire to A rather than to B.
This seems very obvious and almost trivial ; and yet all unhappy mar-
riages arise from the not honestly putting, and sincerely answering
each of these four questions. Any one of them negatived, marriage is
imperfect, and in hazard of discontent. — Coleridge.
Paradise Lost. — No one can rise from the perusal of this immortal
poem [Paradise Lost] without a deep sense of the grandeur and purity
of Milton's soul, or without feeling how susceptible of domestic enjoy-
ments he really was, notwithstanding the discomforts which actually
resulted from an apparently unhappy choice in marriage. — Coleridge.
UNITED STATES.
I. EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENT.
The 13th presidential term of four years, since the establishment of
the government of the United States under the Constitution, began on
the 4th of March 1837 ; and it will expire on the 3d of March, 1841.
MARTIN VAN BUREN,
Richard M. Johnson,
New York,
Kentucky,
The Cabinet.
Salary.
President, $25,000
Vice-President, 5,000
Th'e following are the principal officers in the executive department of
the government, who form the Cabinet, and who hold their offices at
the will of the President.
John Forsyth, Georgia,
Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire,
Joel R. Poinsett, South Carolina,
James K. Paulding, New York,
Amos Kendall, Kentucky,
Felix Grundy, Tennessee,
Salary.
Secretary of State, $6,000
Secretary of the Treasury, 6,000
Secretary of War, 6,000
Secretary of the JVavy, 6,000
Postmaster- General, 6,00O
attorney- General, 4,000
Department of State.
John Forsyth, Secretary,
Salary, j Patent Office. Salary.
A. O. Dayton, Chief Clerk, $2,000 | h. L. Ellsworth, Com. Pat. $3,000
W. S. Derrick, {Dip. Bureau,)}, 7(50 jos. W. Hand, Chief Clerk, 1,700
B. C. Vail, (Cons. Bureau,) 1,540 | Charles M. Keller, ) Exam- C 1,500
A. T.McCormick,(ifomeBM.) 1,540 ! Thomas P. Jones, liners. \ 1,500
80
UNITED STATES,
[1839.
Treasury Department.
Levi Woodbury, Secretary.
Salary, i Salary
McC. Young, Chief Clerk, $ 2,000 i S. Pleasonton, ^th Auditor, #3,000
I Th. Mustin, Chief Clerk, 1,700
Comptr oilers.
James N. Barker, \st Comp. 3,500 I Treasurer's Office.
James INI. Burke, Chitf Cterk,!, 700 , joj^ Campbell, Treasurer, 3,000
Albion K. Parris, 2d Comptrol 3,000
John N. Moulder, Chief Clerk, 1,700
Auditors.
Jesse Miller, 1st Auditor,
A. Mahon, Chief Clerk,
Wm. B. Lewis, 2d Auditor,
mes Eakin, Chief Clerk,
Peter Hagner, 3d Auditor,
J. Thompson, Chief Clerk,
, 4th Auditor,
T. H. Gillis, Chief Clerk,
3,000
1,700
3,000
1,700
3,000
1,700
3,000
1,700
Wm. B. Randolph, Chief CVk,\, 100
Register's Office.
Thomas L. Smith, Register, 3,000
M. Nourse, Chief Clerk, 1,700
Solicitor s Office.
Henry D. Gilpin, Solicitor, 3,500
Land Office.
J. S. Whitcomb, Coin. Gen. 3,000
H. M. Garland, Recorder, 2,000
Matthew Birchard, Solicitor, 2,000
War Department.
Salary
Sam'l Cooper, Chief Clerk, $ 2,000
J. T. Cochrane, Clerk
Joel R. Poinsett, Secretary.
Salary.
Lorenzo Thomas, 1st Lt. 4th Inf.
E. Schriver, 2d Lt. 4th Art.
Brooke Williams, $1,200
1,760
Bounty Lands.
Wm. Gordon, Principal,
Indian Affairs,
Gary A. Harris, CommissW,
Daniel Kurtz, Chief Clerk,
1,540
3,000
1,600
Pension Office.
J. L. Edwards, Commissi, 3,000
Geo. W. Crump, Chief Clerk, 1,760
Adjutant- General's Office.
Roger Jones, Col. Sf Adj. Gen.
Paymaster- General's Office.
Nathan Towson, Paymr Gen. 2,500
N. Frye, Jun., Chief Clerk, 1,870
Ptirchasing Department.
C. Irvine, Com. Gen. Purch. 3,000
Tim. Banger, Chief Clerk, 1,705
Surgeon- GeneraTs Office.
Thomas Lawson, Surg. Gen. 2,500
R. Johnson, Clerk,
1,260
Navy Department.
James K. Paulding, Secretary.
John Boyle, Chief Clerk, salary $2,000.
Kavy Commissioners.
Salary.
Isaac Chauncey, President, $ 3,500
Charles Morris, 3,500
A. S. Wadsworth, 3,500
Salary.
C. W. Goldsborough, Sec'y, $2,000
W. G. Ridgeley, Chief Clerk,!, 720
1839.] CONGRESS. 81
General Post Office.
Amos Kendall, Postmaster -General.
Salary-
Charles K. Gardner, Auditor of the Post- Office, . . ^3,000
Selah R. Hobble, Assist. Postmaster- General, \st Div. 2,500
Robert Johnston, do. do. do. 2d Div. 2,500
Daniel Coleman, do. do. do. 2d Div. 2,500
John Marron, Chief Clerk, 2,000
II. CONGRESS.
The Congress of the United States consists of a Senate and House
of Representatives, and must assemble, at least, once every year, on
the first Monday of December, unless it is otherwise provided by law.
The Senate is composed of two members from each State ; and of
course the regular number is 52. They are chosen by the legislatures
of the several States, for the term of six years, one third of them being
elected biennially.
The Vice-President of the United States is the President of the Sen-
ate, in which body he has only a casting vote, which is given in case
of an equal division of the votes of the Senators. In his absence, a
President /^ro tempore, is chosen by the Senate.
The House of Representatives is composed of members from the
several States, elected by che people for the term of two years. The
representatives are apportioned among the different States according to
population ; and the 23d, 24th, and 25th Congresses have been elected
in accordance with an act of Congress of 1832, one representative being
returned for every 47,700 persons, computed according to the rule pre-
scribed by the Constitution. The present regular number is 242 repre-
sentatives, and 3 delegates.
Since the 4th of March, 1807, the compensation of each member of
the Senate and House of Representatives, has been $8 a day, during
the period of his attendance in Congress, without deduction in case of
sickness ; and $ 8 for every twenty miles' travel, in the usual road, in
going to and returning from the seat of Government. The compensa-
tion of the President of the Senate, pro tempore, and of the Speaker of
the House of Representatives, is ."^IG a day.
82
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
The Senate. — Twentv-Fifth Congre
ss.
Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky, Vice-President of the United States,
cmd President of the Senate.
[The figures denote the expiration of the terms of the Senators.]
Name. Residence.
Maine.
John Ruggles, Thomaston,
Reuel Williams, Jugusta,
Name. Residence.
i South Carolina.
1841 J. C. Calhoun, Fort HiU, 1841
1843 Wm. C. Freston, Columbia, 1843
JVew Hampshire. \ Georgia.
Henry Hubbard, Charlestown, 1841 Wilson Lumpkin,°Mens, 1841
Franklin Pierce, Hillsborough, 1843 Alfred Cuthbert, Monticello, 1843
Vermont. ' Alabama.
Benjamin Swift, St. Albans, 1839 Wm. R. King, Selma, 1841
Samuel Prentiss, Montpelier, 1843 Clement C. Clay, Huntsville, 1843
Massachusetts.
Daniel Webster, Boston,
John Davis, Worcester,
Mississippi.
1839 James Trotter, 1839
1841 R. J. Walker, Madisonville, 1841
Rhode Island. Louisiana.
Asher Robbins, Keicport, 1839 | R. C. Nicholas, Donaldsonville, 1841
Nehe. R. Knight, Providence, 1841 Alex. Mouton, Vermillionville, 1843
Connecticut.
John M. Niles, Hartford, 1839
Perry Smith, JVew Milford, 1843
JVeio York.
N. P. Ta.\\m^dge,Poughkeepsie, 1839
Silas Wright, Jr., Canton, 1843
Tennessee.
Hugh L. White, Knoocville,
1839
1841
Kentucky.
John J. Crittenden, Frankfort^ 1841
Henry Clay, Lexington, 1843
JVeiD Jersey. \ Ohio.
L. S. Southard, Trenton, 1839 Thomas Morris, Bethel, 1839
Garrett D. \Vall, Burlington, 1841 : William Allen, Chillicothe, 1843
Pennsylvania. | Indiana.
SsLinuel McKea.n, Burliiigton, 1839 ^ John Tipton, Z,o^<77iS/?orf, 1839
James Buchanan, Lancaster, 1843 Oliver H. Smith, Connorsville, 1843
Delaware.
Rich. H. Bayard, Uilmington, 1839
Thomas Clayton, jYcw Castle, 1841
Maryland.
Wm. D. Merrick,
John S. Spence, Berlin,
Illinois.
J. M. Robinson, Carmi, 1841
Richard M. Young, Quincy, 1843
Missouri.
183C)JTh. H. Benton, St. Louis, 1839
1843
Virginia.
Wm. C. Rives, Lindsey's Store, 1839
Wm. H. Roane, Richmond, 1841
JVorih Carolina.
Bedford Brown, Broicns Store, 1841
Robert Strange, Fayettcville, 1843
Lewis F. Linn, St. Genevieve, 1843
Michigan.
Lucius Lyon, Kalamazoo, 1839
John Norvell, Detroit, 1841
Arkansas.
William S. Fulton, Little Rock, 1840
Ambrose H. Sevier, Lake Port, 1844
1839.]
TWENTY-FIFTH COKGRESS.
Officers uf the Senate.
Salary.
Asbury Dickens, Secretary, ^3,000
Lewis H. Machen, Chief CVk, 1,980
WiJIiam Hickey, Clerk, 1,650
William Carr, do. 1,650
W. J. McDonald, Eng. Clerk, 1,500
J. C. Fitzpatrick, do. 1,500
Salary.
Wm. Patton, Eng. Clerk. 1,500
Stephen Haight, Sergeant > ^ ^ |_«^
at Arms ^ Door- Keeper. $ * ^ '^""
E. Wyer, .Assist. Door-Keeper, 1,450
Rev. Henry Slicer, Chaplain, 500
J. L. Clubb, Messenger, 840
House of Representatives of the 25th Congress,
Which will expire on the 3d of March, 1839.
James K. Polk, of Tennessee, Speaker.
Walter S. Franklin, Clerk of the House; — Sa.la.Tj, $3,000.
Name.
Residence.
Maine. — 8.
Anderson, Hugh J., Belfast.
Davee, Thomas, Blanchard.
Evans, George, Gardiner.
Fairfield, John, Saco.
Noyes, Joseph C, Eastport.
Paris, Virgil Delphini, Buckfield.
Robinson, Edward,
Smith, Francis O. J., Portland.
JVe?o Hampshire. — 5.
Atherton, Charles G., Nashua.
Cushraan, Samuel,
Farrington, James,
Weeks, Joseph,
Williams, Jared W.
Portsmouth.
Rochester.
Richmond.
Lancaster.
Vermont. — 5
Allen, Heman, Burlington
Everett, Horace,
Fletcher, Isaac,
Hall, Hiland,
Slade, William,
Windsor.
Lyndon.
Bennington,
Middlebury.
Massachusetts. — 12.
Adams, J. Quincy,
Borden, Nathaniel B.
Briggs, George N.,
Calhoun. Wm. B ,
Gushing, Caleb,
Fletcher, Richard,
Grennell, Geo. Jr.,
Hastings, Wra. S.,
Lincoln, Levi,
Parmenter, Wm.,
Phillips, Stephen C,
Reed, John,
Quincy.
Fall River.
Lanesboro'.
Springfield.
Newburyport.
Boston.
Greenfield.
Mendon.
Worcester.
E. Cambridge,
Salem.
Yarmouth.
Rhode Island. — 2.
Cranston, Robert B., Newport.
Tillinghast, J. L. Providence.
Name.
Connecticut
Haley, Elisha,
Holt, Orrin,
Ingham, Samuel,
Phelps, Lancelot,
Toucey, Isaac,
Residence.
— 6.
Mystic.
Willington.
Saybrook.
Hitchcockville.
Hartford.
Whittlesey, Th. T., Danbury.
JVew York. — 40.
Andrews, John T., N. Reading.
Bicknell, Bennet, Morrisville.
Birdsall, Samuel, Waterloo.
Brodhead, John C, Modena.
Bronson, Isaac H., Watertown.
Bruyn, And. D. W., Ithaca,
Cambreleng, C. C, New York.
Childs, Timothy, Rochester.
Clark, John C, Bainbridge.
Curtis, Edward, New York.
De Grafi", John I., Schenectady.
Edwards, John, Ephratah.
Fillmore, Millard, Buffalo.
Foster, Henry A., Rome.
Gallup, Albert, East Berne.
Grant, Abraham P., Oswego.
Gray, Hiram, Elmira.
Hoffman, Ogden, New York.
Jackson, Thomas B., Newtown,
Jones, Nathaniel, Warwick.
Kemble,Gouverneur,Cold Spring.
Loomis, Arphaxad, Little Falls.
Marvin, Richard P., Jamestown.
McLellan, Robert, Middleburg,
Mitchell, Charles F.,Lockport.
Moore, Ely,
Noble, Wm. H.,
Palmer, John,
Parker, Amasa J.,
Patterson, Wm.,
Peck, Luther C,
New York.
Cato.
Plattsburg.
Delhi.
Warsaw.
Pike.
84
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
Name.
Pratt, Zadoc,
Prentiss, John H.,
Russell, David,
Sibley, Mark H.,
Spencer, James B.,
Taylor, William,
Titus, Obadiah,
Vail, Henry,
Vanderveer,
Residence.
Prattsville.
Cooperstown.
Salem.
Canandaigua.
Ft. Covington,
Manlius.
Washington.
Troy.
Brooklyn.
JVew Jersey. — 6.
Aycrigg, John B., Hackensack.
Halstead, William, Trenton.
Maxwell, John P. B., Belvidere.
Randolph, Joseph F., Freehold.
Stratton, Charles C, Sweedsboro'.
Yorke, Th. Jones, Salem.
Pennsylvania. — 28.
Beatty, William, Butler.
Biddle, Richard, Pittsburg.
Buchanan, Andrew, Waynesburg.
Darlington, Edward, Chester.
Davies, Edward, Churchtown,
Fry, Jacob, Jr., Trap.
Hammond, Robert H.lMillon.
Henry, Thomas, Beaver.
Hubley, Edward B., Orwigsburg.
Keim, George M.,
Klingensmith, J., Jr., Stewartsville
Logan, Henry, Dillsburg.
McClure, Charles, Carlisle.
MrKennan,T. M. T., Washington.
Morris, Matthias, Doylestown.
Morris, Samuel W., Wellsboro'.
Naylor, Charles, Philadelphia.
Ogle, Charles, Somerset.
Paynter, Lemuel, Philadelphia.
Petrikin, David, Danville.
Plummer, Arnold, Franklin.
Potter, Wm. W., Bellefonte.
Potts, David, Jr., Pottstown.
Reily, Luther, Harrisburg.
Sergeant, John, Philadelphia.
ShetFer, Daniel, York.
Tolland, George W., Philadelphia.
Wagener, David D., Easton.
Delaicare. — 1.
Milligan, John J., Wilmington.
Maryland . — 8.
Dennis, John H., Princess Ann.
Howard, Benj. C, Baltimore.
Jenifer, Daniel, Harrison's Lot.
Johnson, Wm. C, Jefferson.
Name. Residence.
Kennedy, Baltimore.
Pearce, James A., Chestertown.
Thomas, Francis, Frederick.
Worthington,J.T.H. Golden.
Virginia. — 2L
Banks, Linn,
Beirne, Andrew, Union.
Bouldin, James W., CharlotteC.H.
Coles, Walter, Robertson's Store.
Craig, Robert, Christiansb'g.
Dromgoole, Geo. C, Belfast.
Garland, James, Lovingston.
Hopkins, Geo. W., Lebanon.
Hunter, R. M. T., Lloyd's.
Johnson, Joseph, Bridgeport.
Jones, John W., Petersburg.
Mailory, Francis, Hampton.
Mason, James M., Winchester.
Mercer, Charles F., Aldie.
Morgan, Wm. S., White Day.
Pennybacker, L S., Harrisonburg.
Rives, Francis E., Littleton.
Robertson, John, Richmond.
Steuart, Archibald, Mount Airy.
Taliaferro, John, Fredericksb'g.
Wise, Henry A., Accomac C.H.
JVorth Carolina. — 13.
Bynam, Jesse A., Halifax.
Connor, Henry W., Sherrillsford.
Deberry, Edmund, Lawrenceville.
Graham, James, Rutherfordton.
Hawkins, M. T., Warrenton.
McKay, James J., Elizabethtown.
Montgomery, Wm., Albright's.
Rencher, Abraham, Pittsborough.
Sawyer, Samuel T., Edenton.
Shepard, Charles, Newbern.
Shepperd, A. H., Bethania.
Stanly, Edward, Washington.
Williams, Lewis, Panther Creek.
South Carolina. — 9.
Campbell, John, Parnassus.
Clowney, Wm. K., Union C. H.
Elmore, Franklin H., Columbia.
Griffin, John K., Milton.
Legare, Hugh S., Charleston.
Pickens, Francis W., EdgefieldC.H.
Rhett, Robert B., Beaufort.
Richardson, John P., Fulton.
Thompson, W., Jr., Grenviile C.H.
Georgia. — 9.
Cleveland, Jesse T., Decatur.
Dawson, Wm. C, Greensboro'.
1839.J
TWENTY-FIFTH CONGRESS.
85
Name. Residence.
Glascock, Thomas, Augusta.
Grantland, Seaton, Miiledgeville
Haynes, Charles E., Sparta.
Holsey, Hopkins, Hamilton.
Jackson, Jabez, Clarkesville.
Owens, George W., Savannah.
Towns, Geo. \V. B., Talbotton.
Alabama. — 5.
Chapman, Reuben, Somerville.
Lewis, Dixon H., Lowndesboro',
Lyon, Francis S., Demopolis.
Martin, Joshua L., Athens.
One vacancy.
Mississippi. — 2.
Prentiss, Serg. S., Vicksburg.
Word, Thomas J., Pontotoc.
Louisiana. — 3.
Garland, Rice, Opelousas.
Johnson, Henry, Bringiers.
Ripley, Eleazar W., Jackson.
Tennessee.
Bell, John,
Campbell, Wra. B.,
Carter, Wm. B.,
Cheatham, Richard,
Crockett, John W.,
Maury, Abram P.,
McCIellan, A.,
Polk, James K.,
Shields, Ebenezer J.,
Stone, William,
Turney, Hopkins L.,
Williams, Chr. H.,
Williams, Joseph L.,
— 13.
Nashville.
Carthage.
Elizabeth ton.
Springfield.
Paris.
Franklin.
Blountsville.
Columbia.
Pulaski.
Delphi.
Winchester.
Lexington.
Knoxville.
Kentucky.
Calhoun, John,
Chambers, John,
Graves, Wm. J.,
Harlan, James,
Hawes, Richard,
Menefee, Rich. H.,
Murray, John L.,
Pope, John,
Rumsey, Edward,
Southgate, W. W.,
Underwood, J. R.,
White, John,
Williams, Sherrod,
— 13.
Hardinsburg.
Washington.
Newcastle.
Harrodsburg.
Winchester.
Mt. Sterling.
Wadesboro'.
Springfield.
Greenville.
Covington.
Bowl'g Green.
Richmond.
Monticello.
8
Name.
Ohio. —
Alexander, J., Jr.,
Allen, John W.,
Bond,Wm. K.,
Chaney, John,
Cotfin, Charles G.,
Corvvin, Thomas,
Duncan, Alexander,
Goode, Patrick G.,
Hamer, Th. L.,
Harper, Alexander,
Hunter, Wm. H.,
Kilgore, Daniel,
Leadbetter, D. P.,
Mason, Samson,
Morris, Calvary,
Ridgeway, James,
Sheplor, Matthias,
Webster, Taylor,
Whittlesey, Elisha,
Residence.
19.
St. Clairsville.
Cleveland.
Chillicothe.
Courtwright.
N. Lebanon.
Lebanon.
Cincinnati.
Sydney.
Georgetown.
Zanesville.
Sandusky.
Cadiz.
Millersburg.
Springfield.
Athens.
Columbus.
Bethlehem.
Hamilton.
Canfield.
Indiana.
Boon, Ratliff,
Dunn, George H.,
Ewing, John,
Graham, Wm ,
Herod, Wm.,
Rariden, James,
White, Albert S.,
— 7.
Boonsville.
Lawrenceb'g.
Vincennes.
Valonia.
Columbus.
Centreville.
Lafayette.
Illinois. — 3.
I Casey, Zadoc, Mt. Vernon.
May, William L., Springfield.
Snyder, Adam W., Belleville.
i
Missouri. — 2.
Harrison, Albert G., Fulton.
Miller, John, Boonville.
Arkansas. — 1.
Yell, Archibald, Fayetteville.
Michigan. — 1.
Crary, Isaac E., MarshaH.
Territories.
Florida. — 1 Delegate.
Downing, Charles, St. Augustine-
Wisconsin. — 1 Delegate.
Jones, Geo. W., \ Sif "^wa
' ' ( Mound.
Iowa, — 1 Delegate.
86
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
III. THE JUDICIARY.
Supreme Court.
\* For an account of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, the Circuit
Courts, and the District Courts, see the American Almanac for 1831.
Roger B. Taney,
Joseph Story,
Smith Thompson,
John McLean,
Henry Baldwin,
James M. Wayne,
Philip P. Barbour,
John McKinley,
John Catron,
Benj. F. Butler,
Richard Peters,
William T. Carroll
Residence.
Baltimore, Md. Chief Justice.
Cambridge, Mass. Associate Justice,
New York, N. Y.
Cincinnati, Ohio,
Pittsburg, Pa.
Savannah, Ga.
Gordonsville, Va.
Florence, Ala.
Nashville, Ten.
Washington, D. C.
Philadelphia,
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Appointed.
1836,
1811,
1823,
1829,
18.30,
1835,
1836,
1837,
1837,
Attorney- General,
Reporter,
Clerk,
Salary.
$5,(100
4,500
4,500
4,500
4,500
4,500
4,50n
4,500
4,500
4,000
1,000
Fees, &.C.
Washington,
The Supreme Court is held in the City of Washington, and has one ses
sion, annually, commencing on the second Monday of January.
DISTRICT COURTS : — JUDGES, ATTORNEYS,
Districts.
Maine,
N. Hampshire,
Vermont,
Massiicl'.usetts,
Rhode Island,
Connecticut,
^- ^' ( S. Uist.
New Jersey,
„ \ E. Dist.
^^- \ VV.Dist.
Delaware,
Maryland,
„ I E. Dist.
^^- I W.Dist.
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Georgia,
S.
N
N
Ala.
Mias.
La.
Ten.
E.
Dist.
Dist
Di#i.
Dist.
Disi.
} W.Dist.
\ E. Dist.
I W. Dist.
Kentucky,
Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois,
Missouri,
Michigan,
Arkansas,
D. Columhia,
Judges.
Ashur Ware,
iMatthew Harvey,
Elijah Paine,
John Davis,
John Pitman,
And'w T. Judson,
A. Conkling,
IS. R. Betts,
William Rossel,
Jos. Hopkinson,
I'homas Irwin,
Willard Hall,
Upton S. Heath,
Peter V. Daniel,
Alex. Caldwell,
Henry Potter,
Thomas Lee,
Jer. Cuyler,
I Residence.
iPorlland,
Ilopkinton,
VVilliamstown,
Bosto),
Providence,
Canterbury,
j Albany,
'.New York,
Mt. Holly,
Philiidelphia,
|Uniontown,
jWiltnington,
Baltimore,
[Richmond,
'Clarksburg,
RHlei;?h,
Charleston,
jSavannah,
Wm. Crawford, Mobile,
George Adams, | Havre,
P. K. Lawrence, v„.„ n,i„o.,=
'jiNew Orleans,
M. VV. Brown,
Th. B. Monroe, I
H. A. Leavitt, |
Jesse L. Ilolman,!
Nathaniel Popn,
Robert VV. Wells,
Ross Wilkins,
Benj. Johnson,
William Cranch,
Nashville,
Frankfort,
Lawrenceburg
Aurora,
Vandalin,
.St. Louis,
Detroit,
Port of Ark.
Washington,
Salary.
$1,801)
1,000
1,200
2,500
] ,500
1,500
1 2,000
3,500
1,500
2,500
i 1,800
] ,500
2,000
1,800
I 1,600
, 2,000
2,500
I 2,500
2,500
2,000 j
3,000 j
1,500 ]
1 ,.500
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,200
2,000
1,500
2,700
Jillorneys.
Pay.
Joseph Howard,
$200 St fees.
John P. Hale,
200
do.
David Kellogg,
200
do.
John MilU,
Fees
6i.c.
R. VV. Greene,
200 & fees.
Wm. S. Hulabird,
200
do.
Nat. S. Benton,
200
do.
VVm. M. Pi ice,
200
do.
James S. Greene,
200
do.
John M. Reeil,
Fees
, &c.
Benj. Palton, Jun.
200 & fees.
Jam(!s A. Bayard,
200
do.
N. Williams,
Fce<
. &c.
R. C. Nicholas,
200 & fees
VV. G. Singleton,
200
do.
T. P. Devereaux,
200
do.
R. B. Gilchrist,
200
do.
Wm. H. Utiles,
200 & fees.
John Forsyth, Jr.
200
do.
!•;. R. Wallace,
200
do.
R. M. Gaines,
200
do.
S. F. Buttyrworth,
200
do.
Thomas Slidell,
600
do.
B. F. Linton,
200
do.
J. A. McKinney,
200
do.
James P. Grundy,
200
do.
Lewis Sanders,
200
do.
N. H. Swiiync,
200
do.
'1'. A. Howard,
200
do.
David J. Baker,
200
rlo.
A. L. Magcnnis,
200
do.
Daniel Goodv/in,
200
do.
Samuel S. Hall,
250
do.
Francis Key,
200
do.
J 839.]
JUDICIARY.
87
Circuit Courts.
I The United States are divided into the nine following judicial circuits,
[in each of which a Circuit Court is held twice every year, for each State
Iwithin the circuit, by a Justice of the Supreme Court, assigned to the circuit,
land by the District Judge of the State or District, in which the Court sits.
I Presiding Judge.
jlst Circuit, Maine, N. Hampshire, Mass., and R. I., Mr. Justice Story.
i2d do. Vermont, Connecticut, and New York, Mr. Justice Thompson.
3d
do.
4th
do.
5th
do.
6th
do.
7th
do.
^th
do.
9th
do.
New Jersey and Pennsylvania,
Delaware and Maryland,
Virginia and North Carolina,
South Carolina and Georgia,
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan,
Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri,
Mr. Justice Baldwin.
Mr. Chief Justice Taney.
Mr. Justice Barbour.
Mr. Justice Wayne.
Mr. Justice McLean.
Mr. Justice Catron.
C Alabama, Mississippi, East. District of
^Lo
J . , c Mr. Justice McKinley.
ouisiana, and Arkansas, 3
There is a local Circuit Court held by three Judges in the District of Co-
lumbia, specially appointed for that purpose. The Chief Justice of that
Court sits also as District Judge of that District.
MARSHALS, AND CLERKS.
Marshals.
Albert Smitii,
Charles Lane,
Hcman Lowrie,
Jonas L. Sibley,
Burring. Anthonv,
N. Wilcox,
Nathaniel Garrow,
W. C. H. Waddell,
J. S. Darcy,
S. D. Patterson,
J. iM. Davis,
D. C. Wilson,
Nicholas Snyder,
E. Christian,
James Points,
Beverly Daniel,
'J'homas C. Condy,
P. Solomon,
R. L. Crawford,
B. Patteson,
Adolph. G, Wier,
W. M. Gvvinn,
J H. Holland,
C. N. Garrett,
William Lyon,
S. B. Marshall,
J. M. McCalla,
John Patterson,
G. Taylor,
Henry Wilton,
James H. Reile,
Conrad Ten Eyck,
Ellas Rector,
Akxander Hunter,
Residence.
Portland,
Sanbarnton,
Burlington,
Boston,
Providence,
Berlin,
Auburn,
\ew York,
Mevvark,
Philadelphia,
Pittsburg,
Wilmington,
Baltimore,
Richmond,
Staunton,
Raleigh,
Charleston,
Miicon,
Mobile,
Huntsville,
Natchez,
New Orleans,
Opelousas,
Knoxville,
Murfreesboro',
Lexington,
Columbus,
Brownston,
(."arlyle,
Caledonia,
Detroit,
Little Rock,
Washington,
Fay.
$200&; fees.
200 do.
200 do.
Fees, &,o.
200 & fees.
200 do.
200 &. fees.
Fees, &c.
200 & fees.
Fees, &LC.
200 & fees.
200 do.
Fees. &c.
200 & fees.
200 & fees.
Fees, &c.
do.
do,
200 & fees.
20O do.
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
2)0
200
200
200
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Fees, &c.
Clerks.
Residence.
Pay.
John Mussoy,
Portland,
Fees, &c
C. W. Cutter,
Portsmouth,
do.
Jesse Gove,
Rutland,
do.
Francis Bassett,
Boston,
do.
John T. Pitman,
Providence,
do.
C. A. LigersoU,
New Haven,
do.
R. B. Miller,
Utica,
do.
Fred. J. Betts,
New York,
do.
Rob. D. Spencer,
Mt. Holly,
do.
F. Hopkinson,
Philadelphia,
do.
E. J. Roberts,
Pittsburg,
do.
W.A.Mendonhall,
Wilmington,
do.
Thomas Spicer,
Baltimore,
.do.
Richard Jeffries,
Richmond,
do.
W H. Haywood,
Raleigh,
do.
James Jarvey,
Charleston,
do.
George Glenn,
Savannah,
do.
D. Files,
Mobile,
do.
C. R. Clifton,
Huntsville,
do.
do.
do.
1
William Burns,
Natchez,
New Orleans,
J. Lessassier,
do.
W. C. Mynatt,
Knoxville,
do.
N. A. McNairy,
Nashville,
do.
J. H. Hanna,
Frankfort,
do.
William Miner,
Columbus,
do.
Henry Hurst,
Corydon,
do.
W. fl. Brown,
Vandalia,
do.
Joseph Gamble,
St. Louis,
E. J. Lee,
Alexandria,
do.
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
Places akd Times of holding the District and Circuit Courts
OF THE United States.
Maine.
N. Hampshire.
Vermont.
Massachusetts.
Rhode Island.
Connecticut.
New York,
S, District.
New York,
N. District.
District Courts.
Wiscasset — Last Tuesday in Feb. and 1st Tues. in
Sept. ; — Portland — 1st Tues. in June and Dec.
Portsmouth — 3d Tuesday in March and Sept.; —
Exeter — 3d Tuesday in June and December.
Rutland — 6th of Oct. ; — Windsor — 24th of May.
Boston — 3d Tuesday in March, 4th Tues. in June,
2d Tuesday in Sept., and 1st Tuesday in Dec.
JVewport — 2d Tuesday in May, and 3d in Oct. j —
Providence — )st Tues. in Aug. and February.
C JVeiD Haven — 4th Tues. in February and Aug. ; —
\ Hartford — 4th Tuesday in May and Nov.
\ New York — 1st Tuesday of each month.
C Albany — 3d Tuesday in January ; — Utica — Last
\ Tuesday in August.
C Kew Brunswick — 2d Tuesday in March and Sept. ;
< — Burlington — 3d Tuesday in May and Novem-
C ber.
i Philadelphia — 3d Monday in February, May, Au-
\ gust, and November.
Pittsburg — 1st Monday in May and 3d Monday in
October.
JS^ewcastle Sf Dover — alternately, on the 4th Tues.
in Nov. 1789; and thiee other sessions progres-
sively, on the 4th Tuesday of every 3d calendar
month.
Baltimore — on the 1st Tuesday in March, June,
September, and December.
Washington — 1st Monday in June and December.
Richmond — 15th of May and 15th of November ; —
JVorfolk — ist of May and 1st of November.
C Staunton — 1st day of May and 1st day of Oct. ; —
J Wythe Court House — 3d Monday in April and
j Sept.; — Leirishurg — 4th Monday in April and
1^ Sept. ; — Clarlisburg — 4th Mon. in May and Oct.
Edenton — 3d Mond. in April and Oct. ; — A'eicbem
— 4th Monday in April and Ort. ; — Wilmington —
1st Monday after the 4th Mond. in April and Oct.
(Charleston — 3d Monday in March and Sept.; 1st
J Monday in July and 2d Monday in Dec. , — LaU'
] tens Court House — the next Tuesday after the
(^ adjournment of the Circuit Court at Columbia.
Savannah — 2d Tues. in Feb., May, Aug., and Nov.
N. District. Huntsville — 2d Monday in April and October.
S. District. Mobile — 1st Monday in May, and 2d Mond. in Dec.
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania,
E. District.
Pennsylvania,
W. District
Delaware.
Maryland.
Columbia.
Virginia,
E. District.
Virginia,
W. District.
N. Carolina.
S. Carolina.
Georgia.
Ala.
Ala.
1839.]
JUDICIARY.
89
Mississippi. Jackson ^4ih Mond. in Jan. & June.
La., E. District, Kew Orleans — 2d Monday in December.
La., W. District. Opelousus Court Bouse — 2d Monday in June.
Tennessee,
E. District.
Tennessee,
W. District.
Kentucky.
Ohio.
Indiana.
Illinois.
Missouri.
C Knoxvlllc — 3d Monday in April and 2d Monday in
\ October.
\ Kashville — 4th Monday in May and November.
Frankfort — 1st Monday in May and November.
^ Columbus — 3d Monday in July, and 4th Monday
\ in December.
Indianapolis — last Monday in May and November.
Vandalia — 1st Monday in May and December.
Jefferson — 1st Monday in March and September.
Maine.
N. Hampshire,
Vermont.
Massachusetts.
Rhode Island.
Connecticut.
New York,
S. District.
N. District.
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania,
E. District.
W. District.
Delaware.
Maryland.
Virginia,
E. District.
W, District.
N. Carolina.
S. Carolina.
Georgia.
Alabama,
S. District.
N. District.
Mississippi.
Louisiana,
E. District.
Circuit Courts.
Portland — 1st May ; — Wiscasset — 1st October.
Portsmouth — Sth May ; — Exeter — 8th October.
Windsor — 2\si May ; — Rutland — 3d October.
Boston — loth May and 15th October.
JVewport — 15th June ; — Providence — 15th Nov.
^ JVew Haven — last Wednesday in April ; Hartford
1 — 17th September.
f jYew York — last Monday in Feb., 1st Monday in
2 April, last Monday in July and October.
(^Mhany — 2d Tuesday in June ; 3d Tues. in Oct.
Trenton — 1st April and 1st October.
\ Philadelphia — 11th April and 11th October.
\ Pittsburgh — 3d Monday in May and November.
, A^ciDcastle — Tuesday following 4th Mond. in May.
[ — Dover — Tuesday following 3d Monday in Oct.
Baltimore — 1st Mond. in April and October.
Richmond — 22d May and 22d November.
Leicisburg — 1st Monday in August.
Raleigh — 12th May and 12th November.
Charleston — 2d Tuesd;iy in April; — Columbia —
4th Monday in November.
Savannah — Thursday after the 1st Monday in
May; — Milledgeville — Thursday after the 1st
Monday in November.
Mobile — 2d Monday in April and October.
Huntiville — 1st Monday in June.
Jackson — 1st Monday in May and November.
j\^eio Orleans— 3d Monday in May and Novem-
ber.
8*
90
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
Tennessee.
Kentucky.
Ohio.
Michigan.
Indiana.
Illinois.
Missouri.
Arkansas.
District of
Columbia.
C JVaskviJle — Ist Monday in March and September; —
( Knoxville — 2d Monday in October.
Frankfort — 1st Monday in May and November.
Columbus — 3d Monday in May and December.
Detroit — 4th Monday in June.
Indianapolis — 1st Monday in December.
Vandalia — Last Monday in November.
St, Louis — 1st Monday in April.
Little Rock — 4th Monday in March.
C Washington — 4lh Monday in March and November;
( — Alexandria — 1st Monday in May and October.
IV. INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.
The pay of Ministers Plenipotentiary is $9,000 per annum, as salary,
besides $ 9,000 for outfit. The pay of Charge d' Affaires is $4,500 per
annum; of Secretaries of Legation, $2,000.
The government of the United States is represented by Ministers
Plenipotentiary at the courts of Great Britain, France, Russia, Spain,
Prussia, and Mexico, and by Charge d'Affaires at the courts of most of
the other foreign countries with which this country is much connected
by commercial intercourse.
Ministers Plenipotentiary in 1838.
Appointed
. Foreign States.
Capitals.
Andrew Stevenson,
Va.
1831)
Great Britain,
London.
Lewis Cass,
Ohio.
1836
France,
Paris.
John n. Eaton,
Tenn.
1836
Spain,
Madrid.
George M. Dallas,
Pa.
1837
Russia,
St. Petersburgh
Henry Whealon,
R. I.
1837
Prussia,
Berlin.
Powhatan Ellis,
Miss.
1837
Mexico,
Mexico.
Henry A. Muhlenbei
rg. Pa.
1838
Austria,
Vienna.
Secretaries of Legation.
Benjamin Rush,
G. Britain.
William W. Ch(
3w, Russia.
Charles E. Anderson, France.
Theodore S. Fa}
r, Prussia.
Arthur Middleton
, Jr. Spain.
Charles Ellis.
Mexico.
John R. Clay,
Austria.
Charges d'affaires in 1838.
Edward Kavanagh,
Me.
1835
Portugal,
Lisbon.
Auguste Davezac,
La.
1831
Holland,
Hague.
Virgil Maxcy,
Md.
1837
Belgium,
Brussels.
Christopher Hughes
, Md.
1830
Sweden,
Stockholm.
Jona. F. Woodside,
Ohio.
1835
Denmark,
Copenhagen.
Davixi Porter,
Md.
Turkey,
Constantinople.
James Semple,
111.
1837
New Granada,
Bogota.
J. G. A. Williamson
N. C.
Venezuela,
Caraccas.
William Hunter,
R.I.
1834
Brazil,
Rio Janeiro.
Charles G. De Witt,
N. V.
Central America,
Guatemala.
Richard Pollard,
Va.
1834
Chili,
SaHtiago.
James C. Pickett,
Va.
1838
Peru,
Lima.
Alcee Labranche,
La.
1837
Texas,
Houston.
Enos T. Throop.
N. H.
1838
Two Sicilies,
Naples.
839.]
CONSULS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
91
Consuls of the United States in Forkign Countries.
\^ustria,
3arbaryj
Bavaria,
Belgium,
Brazil,
Bu'os Ayr's,
Central
I America,
(Chili.
j China,
I Den mark &.
Dependen-
Egypt, Pa-
sha of,
Equator,
France and
Dependen-
cies,
G. Britain
and Depen-
dencies,
Vienna,
Trieste,
Venice,
Tunis,
Tripoli,
Tangier,
Munich,
Antwerp,
Ostend,
Rio Janeiro,
San Salvador,
Pernumbuco,
Para,
Is. Maranham,
Rio Grande,
Santos,
I. St. Cath'ne,
Bue'os Ayres,
Guatemala,
Truxillo,
Valparaiso,
Coquimbo,
Talcahuana,
Canton,
Copenhagen,
Altona,
St. Thomas,
St. Croix,
Elsineur,
Aleppo,
Beirout, &c.
Cairo,
Alexandria,
Candia,
Canea,
Guayaquil,
Paris,
Bordeaux,
Marseilles,
Nantes,
Havre de Gr.,
Lyons,
La Rochelle,
Cette,
Gaudaloupe,
Algiers,
London,
Liverpool,
Bristol,
Falmouth,
Plymouth,
Hull,
Cowes,
Glasgow,
Leith,
Dundee,
Dublin, I
Cork, I
Belfast, j
Londonderry, j
Galway,
Gibraltar,
Cape-town,
Isle ot France,
Turk's Island,
Bermuda,
Nassau, N. P.
J. G. Schwarz
G. Britain !
George Moore
and Depen-
Albeit Dabadie
dencies,
Samuel D. Heap
(I '
D. S. McCauley
n
James R. Leib
((
R. de Reudorffer
((
Th. H. Barker
1
(( 1
George Slacum
u
VV. Odlin
u
Joseph Rav
Greece,
Ch. J. Smi'th
U
Charles B. Alleu
Hanseatic
Isaac A. Hayes
Towns,
George Black,
a
Lemuel Wells
Hayti,
Alfred M. Slade
•'«'
S. H. Weems
u
G. Coursauk
((
Geo. G. Uobson
H. Cassel,
Holland and
j Dependen-[
P. W. Snow
! cies, ;
C. J. Hambro
: (c 1
a !
Italian
David Rogers
' States,
Ed. L. Rainals
u '
Chev.Durighello
Mecklenb'f,
J. Chasseaud
Mexican
States,
John Gliddon
1 tt !
Vincent Rosa
((
D. B. nnal
((
Seth Sweetzer
(C
Daniel Brent
((
George Slrobel
((
D. C. Croxall
a
F. C. Fen wick
((
R. G. Boasley 1
i(
Th. W. Oldfield
(C
H P Van Bibber
cc
Th. J. Smith
((
P. Suau
cc
Charles Garavini
Muscat,
Th. Aspinwall
1 cc
F. B. Ogden
N. Grenada,
Th. Dennison
" 1
Robert W. Fox
" 1
Thomas W. Fox
Peru,
Albert Davy
1 "
R. R. Hunter
C(
Alex. Thomson
Portugal, &
Robert Grieve
i Dependen-
Edward Baxter
cies. 1
Thomas Wilson
1
John Murphv,
cc
Th. W.Gilpin
cc
J. Corscaden
Prussia,
Th. M. Persse
cc
Horatio Sprague
i "
Isaac Chase
jRomaa St'e,
Paul Frobyrville
Russia,
John Arthur
"
W. T. Tucker
! ((
George Huyler
i
Antigua & S.
Christopher,
Kingston, Ja.
Barbadois,
Malta,
St. Helena,
Demarara,
Halifax, N. S.
St. John's,
Sydney, N. S.
Singapore,
Athens,
Syra, Isl.
Hamburg,
Bremen,
Frankfort,
P't au Prince,
St. Domingo,
Aux Cayes,
CapeHaytien,
Cassel,
Amsterdam,
Rotterdam,
Surinam,
Isle Curasao,
Batavia,
Rome,
Leghorn,
Genoa,
Rostock,
Mexico,
Tampico,
Guatulco,
Acapulco,
Monterey,
S.Blas&Maz.
Vera Cruz,
Matamoros,
Santa Fe,
Saliillo,
Campeche,
Guayamas,
Tabasco,
Laguna,
Mazatlan,
Zanzibar,
Muscat,
Carthagena,
Santa Martha
Panama,
Arequipa,&c.
Lima,
Paita,
Lisbon,
St. Ubes,
Oporto,
Madeira,
Fayal,
C. Verde Isls.
Berlin,
Elberfeld,
Stettin,
Rome,
St. Petersb'g,
Riga,
Odessa,
R.S. Higinbotham
R. M. Harrison
John Haly
W. W. Andrews
Wm. Carroll
Moses Benjamin
John Morrow
Th. Leavitt
J. H. Williams,
John Balestior
G. A. Perdicaris
James Wilkins
John Cuthbert
Joshua,Dodge
E. Schwendler
F. M. Dimond
D. W. Carney
R. Higinbotham
Samuel Israel
Charles Graebe
J. W. Parker
J. Wambersie
Thomas Trask
J. H. D. Meza
Owen Roberts
Geo. W. Greene
'i"h. Appieton
R. Campbell
C. F. Schultz
W. D. Jones
John G. McCall
Thomas Reily
Harvey Gregg
J. P. Gilliam
Jose M. Castanos
M. Burrou£;h
D. W. Smith
Byrd Brandon
Ch. W. Davis
H. E. Coleman
J. W. LangdoD
Chaun. Bush
R. P. Waters
J. M. Macpherson
F. C. Hassler
W. F. Taylor
A. Worthington
I. P. Hutchinson
Wm. H. Vesey
John H. March
C. W. Dabney
Ferdi Gardiner
W. T. Simons
Fred. Schillow
Geo. W. Greene
A. P. Gibson
Alex. Schwartz
John Ralli
92
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
Russia,
Sand'vich I.
Sardinia,
Saxony,
Society Isl.
Spain &. De-
pendencies,
Archangel,
Oahu,
Genoa
Nice,
Dresden,
L< ipsic,
Otalieiie,
Cadiz,
Barcelona,
Malaga,
Alicant,
Bilboa,
Manilla,
Teneriffe,
Port Mahon,
Havana,
Trinidad, Cu
St. Jago, Cu.
.Matinzas,
Xibara,
Puerto del P
Ponce P. R.
Guayama, do
Mayaguez,do
St. John's, do
Edmund Brandt
J. C. Jones, Jr.
Charles Rarnet
V. A. Passerno,
Kdw. F. Kivinus
Frederick List
S. R. Blacker
Alex. ISnrlon
Joseph Borras
Geo. G. Burrell
M. de Asiiirre
A. H. P.Edwards
J«)sepii Cullori
Ohadiah Ricli
N. P. Tri>l
(•>. C. Watmough
Michael Maiion
L. Shoemaker
John Owen
Jas. C Gallagher
VV. H Tracy
George Latimer
G.W. Montgomery
Sipain & De-
pendencies.
Sweden,
Swiizerl'nd,
Texas,
Turkey,
Tuscany,
Two Sici-
lies,
((
IJraguay,
Venezuela,
f^tockholm,
loltenburg,
Kergen, Ny.
Basil,
Ui.izorii,
Galveston,
Goliad,
Matagorda,
Vula.-co,
Conslanl'ple.
Smyrna,
.Salon |r;d,
"^tanciio,
Cyprus,
i^rousa,
Tenedos,
Leghorn,
Naples,
Palermo,
Mi'ssiiia,
Montevideo,
Maracayho,
Puer.Cabeilo
Laguayra
Angu:slura,
IC. D. Arfwedson
C A. Murray
Helmicli Janson
|E. H. Thomson
'F. Slaughter
John Striker
J. A. Mongcs
I
iGro. A. Porter
1 David Offl.y
W. B. Llewelleo
D. Duveiiiiiil
N. de Mattel
N. L. Perick
Til. Appleton
Alex. Ilammet
J. L. Payson
John Pitrick
W. J. Dubbs
F. Litchfield
IJenj. Rensliaw
Th. li. Nalle
Ministers, Consuls, &c., of Foreign Powers in the U. States.
Austria.
Baron de Lederer, Consul- Gen.
Jos. Ganahl, V. Consul, Savannah.
Baden.
C. F. Hoyer, Consul,
New York.
Bavaria.
George Heinrich, Consul, N. York.
Belgium.
Baron D. Behr, Minister Resident.
E. A. Homer, Consul, Boston.
Henry G. T. Mali, do. N. York.
Henry Lefebure, do. Charleston.
Brazil.
Senor Franca, Charg6 d'affaires.
S. de Souza Tellas, Consul- Gen-
eral, Philadelphia.
Archibald Furte, Cons., Massachu-
setts, N. Hampshire, & Maine.
C. Griffin, Consul^ N. London.
Samuel Snow, do. Providence.
Herman Bruen, do. New York.
J. Vauffhan, V- Con., Philadelphia.
G. H. Newman, do. Baltimore.
Christoph. Neale, do. Alexandria.
Myer Myers, do. Norfolk.
John P. Calhorda, do. Wilmington.
Saml Chadwick, do. Charleston.
J. W. Anderson, do. Savannah.
Jas. W. Zacharie, do. N. Orleans.
BrcTnen.
Eleazer Crabtree, Cons., Savannah.
John Jacob Werner, Vice- Consul,
ad interim, Philadelphia.
Caspar Meier, do. New York.
Chile.
Manuel Carvallo, Ch'g6 d'affaires.
Denmark.
Steen Bille, Chargd d'affaires.
W. Ritchie, Vice- Consul, Boston.
Benj. .Ay mar, do. New York.
John Buhlen, do. Philadelphia.
H. G. Jacobson, do. Baltimore.
Christ. Neale, do. Alexandria.
Fred. Myers, Consul, Norfolk.
P. K. Dickinson, do. W'ilmington.
James H. Ladson, do. Charleston.
W. Crabtree, Jr., do. Savannah.
Peter E. Sorbe, do. N. Orleans.
j 1839.] FOREIGN MINISTERS, CONSULS, &C., IN THE U. STATES. 93
France.
M. Edward Pontois, Envoy Extra-
ordinary ^ Min. Plenipotentiary.
\ M. Saligny, Secretary of Legation.
; Adel Charles Lacathon de la For-
est, Consul- General, New York.
Michael E. Hersaut, Cons., Phil'a.
M. Henri, Com. Agent, Baltimore.
Count Choiseul, V. C , Charleston.
,M. Deseze, do. Norfolk.
Delame de Villeret, do. Savannah.
M. Batre, Com. Agent, Mobile.
Count de la Porte, V. Consul, Tal-
lahassee.
Martin Francois Armand Saillard,
Consulj New Orleans.
^ Frankfort.
A. Halbach, Consul, Philadelphia.
Fred. Wysmann, do. New York.
Great Britain.
Henry S. Fox, Envoy Extraor. and
Min. Plenipotentiary.
Charles Bankhead, Sec. of Legation.
Andrew Buchanan, Attache.
J. T. Sherwood, Consul, Portland.
Donald Mcintosh, do. Portsmouth.
George Manners, do. Boston.
James Buchanan, do. New York.
, do. Philadel'a.
John McTavish, do. Baltimore.
William Gray, do. Norfolk.
Henry Newman, do. Charleston.
Edm. Molyneaux, do. Savannah.
James Baker, do. Mobile.
John Crawford, do. N. Orleans.
Albert G. Lano, V. C, Eastport-
J. B. Swanton, do. Bath.
George JafFray, do. Portsmouth.
R. C. Manners, do. Boston.
J. C. Buchanan, do. New York.
P. T. Dawson, do Baltimore.
Robert J^eslie, do. Petersburg.
Wm. Mackenzie, do. Richmond.
Anthony Mislan, F. C.,'Wilming'n.
James Moodie, do. Charleston.
William Cooke, do. Darien.
John Innerarity, do. Pensacola.
Oliver O'Hara, do. Key West.
Robert Higgin, do. Mobile.
Greece.
James Andrews, Consul, Boston.
Hamburg.
C. N. Buck, C. Gen., Philadelphia.
J. W. Schmidt, V. Cons., N. York.
F. Christ Graf, do. Baltimore.
A. C. Cazenove, do. Alexandria.
Jacob WulfF, do. Charleston.
Charles Knorre, do. Boston.
F. W. Schmidt, Cons., N. Orleans.
Hanover.
A. W. Hupeden, V. C, N. York.
John Lowden, Cons., Charleston.
Hanseatic Towns.
Lewis Trapman, Co7i5., Charleston.
Caspar Meier, do. New York.
H. F. Von Lenyerke, do. Phil'a.
Thomas Searle, do. Boston.
A. C. Cazenove, do. Alexandria.
Fred. Frey, do. N. Orleans.
Hesse Cassel.
Conrad W. Faber, Cons., N. York.
Holland or A^etherlands.
Chev. Andr. Martini, Chargd d'af-
faires,
J. C. Zimmermann, Cons. N. York.
J. J. Hagewerft, do. Baltimore,
A. C. Cazenove, do. Alexandria.
Henry Bohlen, do. Philad'phia.
Thomas Dixon, do. Boston.
P. G. Leichleitner, do. Annapolis.
Myer Myers, do. Norfolk.
G. Barnsiey, do. ad int., Savannah.
Thomas Taxter, V. Cons., Salem.
H. C. Gildmeester, Cons., N. Or'ls.
94
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
Mecklenburg- Schwerin.
Leon Herchenrath, Con., Charl'ton
Mexico,
Don Francisco Pizarro Martinez,
Envoy Ex. and Min. Plen.
Estanislao Cuesla, Secretary.
Manuel Bassave, Aitache.
, New Orleans.
Edward Cabot, V. Consul, Boston.
P. Gonzalez y Aquila. do. N. York.
A. M. Cos, ad int., do. Philadelphia.
Luke Tiernan, do. Baltimore.
R. W. Cogdell, Co7is., Charleston.
Henry Dagget, Consul, Mobile,
G. J. Marallano, do. St. Louis.
Juan Francisco Cortes, V. Consul,
J^eio Grenada.
Don Domingo Acosta, Charge d'af-
faires and Consul- Gen.
James Andrews, V. Cons., Boston.
P. Gillineau, do. Conn. i& R. L
Mortimer Livingston, do. N. York.
Telesforo Orea, do. Philadelphia.
Richard W. Gill, do. Baltimore,
Thos. Middleton,rfo, Charleston,
John Myers, do. Norfolk,
Robert Goodwin, do. Savannah.
W. H. Robertson, do. Mobile.
Sam. P, Morgan, do. N. Orleans.
Oldenburg.
Otto Heinrich Miessegaes, Consul,
New York.
Leon Herchenrath, do. Charleston.
Portugal.
D. Joaquim Cesar de Figaniere e
Morao, CUargd d\^ffaircs and
Consul- General.
M. Ja.nuario Cardoso e Freitas,
Attacki.
D. Antonio G. Vega, F, Consul,
Boston,
Paulo J. Figuera, do. New York.
John Vaughan, do. Philadelphia, i
D. M. Valdor, Consul, Baltimore. I
C. Neal, do. Alexandria, D. C. '
Walter D. Lacy, do. Norfolk.
J. P. Calhorda, do. Wilmington,
N. C.
Rene Goddard, V. Cons. Charls'n
Elias Reed, do. Savannah.
Diego Chalaron, do. N. Orleans,
A. Willis Gordon, do. Mobile.
Jule Pescay, do. Pensacola.
Wm. H. Allen, do. St. Augustine.
Prussia.
Baron de Koenne,Afinist. Resident.
Gustav. Gossler, Consul, Boston.
J. W. SchmicU, do. New York.
Arnold Halbach, do. Philadelphia.
Louis Trapman, do. Charleston.
F. W. Schmidt, do. N. Orleans.
Rome.
Giovanni Sartori, Consul- General.
T. J Bixouard, V. Cons., Baltimore.
Henry Perret, do. N. Orleans.
Russia .
M. Bodiscoe, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary. ■
George Krehmer, First Secy Leg.
Alexander Chvostoff, Second do.
Jean Smirnoff, .^ItacM.
A. Eustaphieve, C.-Gen. N. York.
Peter Kilchen, Consul, Boston.
E. Jones, do. New Orleans.
J. Prince, Agent, Salem.
E. Mayo, do. Portland,
J. G, Bogart, V. Cons., New York.
T. H. Deas, Agent, Charleston,
F. Whittle, do. Norfolk.
Sardinia.
A, Garibaldi, Con.-Gen», Philad'a
Louis Albert Cazenove, V Consul,
Boston.
S. V. Rouland, Consul, New York.
1839.] FOREIGN MINISTERS, CONSULS, &C., IN THE U. STATES. 95
C. Valdor, Consul, Baltimore. 1 J. H. Brent, V. Cons., Alexandria.
X. F. Brette, do. Norfolk. ' Joseph Winlhrop, do. Charleston.
Y. Auze, do. Savannah. Fran. 11. Wilman, do. Savannah.
Th. Roger, V. Coresw/, Charleston. ! Diedrich Miesegaes,rfo. N. Orleans.
A. F. George, do. Mobile.
Antoine Michaud, do. N. Orleans.
Saxe- Weimar.
Aug. W. Hupeden, Cons., N. York.
Saxony.
W. P. Vincent, do. Norfolk.
Sicilzerland.
Theodore Nicolet, Con., N. Orl'ns.
Texas.
Minister.
Charles Aug. Davis, Con.-General. j^,^^ Howard, Consul, Boston.
Robert Ralston, do. Philadelphia.
F. Ludwig Brauns, do. Baltimore.
Andreas A. Melly, Cons., N. York.
Spain.
Townsend, do. N. Orleans.
Charles H Forbes, do. N. York.
The Two Sicilies.
Don Miguel Tacon, Chargi d\1f- ' Che v. Domenico Morelli, Consul-
faires. I General, Philadelphia.
Don Louis Potestad, 1st MtacU. j Pietro D'Alessandro, Vice Consul,
Don Francisco Pampillo, 2d .'Attache. ^ Boston.
Don Pablo Chacon, Consul- Gen., ' Benj. Dyer Potter, </o. Providence.
Philadelphia. John Clisbe, Consul, New Haven.
Thomas Amory Deblois, Vice-Con., Martin Mantin, do. New York.
Portland. ^* ^- Hammand, do. Charleston.
Don Antonio G. Vega, Vice-Consul,' Wm Read, V. Cons., Philadelphia.
j3QgjQjj Emmanuel Valdor, rfo '^
Fran. Stoughton, Consul, N. York.
; Manuel Valdor, Vice Cons., Bait.
' Antonio Pomar, do. Norfolk.
: Antonio Larragua, do. Charleston.
I Antonio Argote Villalobus, Cons.,
New Orleans.
: Pedro de Alba, V. C, Pensacola.
1 Don Jose Ygnacio Cruzat, Vice
• Consul, Mobile.
j Siccdcn and Korway.
I Chevalier S. Lorich, Charg6 d\1f-
\ faires and Consul- General.
Luca Palmieri,
Baltimore.
do. Philadelphia.
Antonio Pommar, do.
Hippolite Gaily, do.
GofFre Earnsley, do.
Norfolk.
N. Orleans.
Savannah.
Tuscany.
W. H. Aspinwall, V. Cons., N. Y.
Uraguay.
Juan Darby, Consul- General,
T. B. Avdier, V. Cons., Baltimore.
Carlos D. Head, do. New Orleans.
Venezuela.
J. Vaughan, V. Cons., Philadelphia. j^_ ^ ^_ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ j^ York.
C. E. Habicht, do. Boston. |
John James Boyd, do. New York, j Wurtemherg.
S. Lavvson, do. Baltimore. Christian Myer, Cons- Gen., Bait.
96 UNITED STATES. [1839.
V. ARMY LIST.
Alexander Macomb, Major- General, General-in-Chief: — Head-Quar-
ters^ Washington City.
On the 19th of May, 1837, an alteration was made in the line mark-
ing the limits of the two great military divisions. This line now com- I
mences at the mouth of the Mississippi, thence proceeding up that li
river to Cassville, in the Territory of Wisconsin ; and thence north to '
the line of demarkation between the United States and Canada. All !
west of that line forms the Western Division ; and all east, the Eastern 4
Division. j
Edmund P. Gaines, Brigadier- General, (Major-General by brevet,)
Commander of the Western Division; — Head- Quarters, Jefferson {
Barracks, Missouri. ,
Winfield Scott, Brigadier- General, (Major-General by brevet,) Com- i
mander of the Eastern Division ; — Head-Quarters, Elizabeth- j
town, N. J. • {
Two aids-de-camp are allowed to each of the generals commanding j
the two divisions, and one Inspector-General is attached as chief of the '
staff" to perform the duties of Adjutant and Inspector-General; — Col.
John E. Wool is Inspector-General of the Western Division; and Col.
George Croghan of the Eastern Division.
The two Divisions are subdivided into the following seven Depart-
ments,
Department 1. All the country embraced within the Western Divis-
ion above the 37th deg. N. Lat.
Department 2. All the country within the Western Division below
the 37th deg. N. Lat.
Department 3. The States of Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi,
Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and the Territory of Florida.
Department 4. South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia.
Department 5. Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and
New York.
Department 6. Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine.
Department 7. Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and that part of
the Wisconsin Territory embraced within the Eastern Division.
General Return of the Army, as stated by Colonel Roger Jones, Adjutant-
General, Kovember 30fA, 1837. j
General Staff", . . . 13 i Two Regiments of Dragoons, 1,. 335 ]
Medical Department, . . 70 ! Four Regiments of Artillery, 1.606 j
Pay Department, . . 18
Purchasing Department, . 3
Corps of Engineers, . . 28
Topographical Department, . 10 I
Ordnance Department, . 209 | Total, . 7,834
Seven Regiments of Infantry, 3,118 j
Recruits and unattached > i 4ifi
soldiers, ' ' '
1839.]
ARMY LIST.
9t
Major- General, . . . 1
Brigadier- Generals, . . 2
Adjutant-General, . . . 1
Inspectors-General, . . 2
Quartermasters-General, . . 1
Quartermasters, ... 4
Commi<sary-Gen. Subsistence, 1
Commissaries, . . . .2
Surgeon-General, . . 1
Surgeons, . . . .15
Assistant- Surgeons, . . 60
Paymaster-General, . . 1
Commissary- Gen. Purchases, 1
Paymasters, . . . .17
Military Storekeepers, . 2
Colonels, . . . .15
Lieutenant-Colonels, . 15
Majors,
Adjutants,
Captains,
First Lieutenants, .
Second Lieutenants, .
Sergeant-Majors,
Quartermaster-Sergeants
Sergeants,
Corporals,
Principal Musicians,
Chief Buglers,
Buglers,
Musicians, .
Farriers and Blacksmiths,
Artificers,
Enlisted men for Ordnance,
23
2
146
. 168
168
. 13
13
. 478
504
. 16
4
. 40
212
. 20
108
250
5,652
Total commissioned, 648.
Privates,
Total non-commissioned officers, musi-
\. cians, artificers, and privates, 7,310. — Grand Total, 7,958.
j The aggregate force under the command of Brevet Major-General
\ Jesupin Florida, according to a statement in the Report, Major-General
. Macomb, Commander-in-Chief, dated November, 1837, consisted of: —
Regulars, ....... 4,637
Volunteers, ...... 4,078
: Seamen, . . . . . . . 100
I Indians, ....... 178
Total,
8,893
VL MILITIA.
The JVumber of Militia in the several States and Territories, according
to the Statement of George Bomford, Colonel of Ordnance, dated A'bu.
20, 1837.
States and
Date of
Number of
States and
Dale of
Number of
Territories.
Return.
Militia.
Territories.
Return.
Militia.
Maine,
1836
42,468
Louisiana,
1830
14,808
N. Hampshire,
1836
27,473
Mississippi,
1830
13,724
Massachusetts,
1836
44,911
Tennessee,
1830
60,982
Vermont,
1824
25,581
Kentucky,
1836
71,483
Rhode Island,
1832
1,377
Ohio,
1836
146,428
Connecticut,
1836
23,826
Indiana,
1833
53,913
New York,
1836
184,728
Illinois,
1831
27,386
New Jersey,
1829
39,171
Missouri,
1835
6,170
Pennsylvania,
1834
202,281
Arkansas,
1825
2,028
Delaware,
1827
9,229
Michigan,
1831
5,476
Maryland,
1836
46,854
Florida Ter.,
1831
827
Virginia,
1836
101,838
Wisconsin T.,
None.
N. Carolina,
1835
64,415
D. of Columb.
1832
1,249
S. Carolina,
Georgia,
1833
1834
51,112 j
48,461 1
1,333,091
Alabama,
1829
14,892
98
UNITED STATES.
[183^.
VII. NAVY LIST. j
1. Vessels of War of the United States Navy. — September, 1837. |i
Name and Rate.
Ships of the Line.
Guns.
Franklin, 74
Washington, 74
Columbus, 74
Ohio, 80
North Carolina, 80
Where and when built.
Where employed.
Delaware,
Alabama,
Vermont,
Virginia,
New York,
Pennsylvania,
80
80
80
8(^
80
120
Philadelphia, 1815
Portsmouth, n. h. IblC
Washington, 1819
New York, 1820
Philadelphia, 1820
Gosport, Va. 1820
Philadelphia, 1837
Frigates, 1st Class.
Independence, 54
United States, 44
Constitution, 44
Guerriere, 44
Java, 44
Potomac, 44
Brandywine, 44
Hudson, 44
Columbia, 44
Santee, 44
Cumberland, 44
Sabine, 44
Savannah, 44
Raritan, 44
St Lawrence, 44
Frigates, 2d Class.
Constellation, 36
Macedonian, 3C
Sloops of War
John Adams,
Cyane,
Boston,
Lexington,
Vincennes,
Warren,
Natchez,
Falmouth,
Fairfield,
Vandalia,
St. Louis,
Concord,
Erie,
Ontario,
Peacock,
Boston,
Philadelphia,
Boston,
Philadelphia,
Baltimore,
Washington,
Washington,
Purchased,
Washington,
1814
1797
1797
1814
1814
1821
1825
1826
1836
In ordinary, at New York.
do. at New York.
At Boston. Repaired.
At do. do.
In commission, Pacific.
At Norfolk. Repaired.
On stocks, at Portsm'th, N. H
do. at Boston.
do. at Boston.
do. at Norfolk.
At Philadelphia.
On the coast of Brazil.
In commission, Mediterranean
do. do.
In ordinary, at Norfolk.
Receiving Ship, Norfolk.
In ordinary, at Norfolk,
do. at Norfolk.
Receiving vessel, at N. York,
in ordinary at Norfolk.
On stocks, at Portsm'th. N
H.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
at Boston,
at New York,
at New York,
at Philadelphia,
at Norfolk.
Baltimore, 1797
Norfolk, rebuilt, 1836
Norfolk, rebuilt, 1820
Boston, rebuilding,
1825
1825
1826
1826
1827
1827
182H
1828
1828
1828
Boston,
New York,
New York,
Boston,
Norfolk,
Boston,
New York,
Philadelphia,
Washington,
Portsmouth,
N. York, rebuilt, 1820
Baltimore, 1813
New York, 1813
In commission, West Indies.
Ready for sea, at Norfolk.
Ready for sea, at N. York.
At sea.
At sea.
In ordinary, at Norfolk.
do. at Norfolk.
In commission. West Indies.
.\i sea.
On the coast of Brazil.
In commission. West Indies.
do. do.
do. do.
At Boston.
At sea.
In ordinary, at Norfolk.
1839.]
NAVY LIST.
99
J\ames of. Vessels of War. (Continued.)
Name and Date. ! Where and when built.
Where employed.
Schoo7iers, 8^c.
Guns.
Dolphin, 10
Grampus, 10
Shark, 10
Enterprise, 10
Boxer, 10
Porpoise, lO
Experiment, 4
Fox, hulk, 3
Sea Gull, (galliot)
Exploring Vessels.
Relief,
Barque Pioneer,
Barque Consort,
Schooner Active,
Philadelphia,
Washington,
Washington,
New York,
Boston,
Boston,
Washington,
Purchased,
Purchased,
Philadelphia,
Boston,
Boston,
Purchased,
1821
1821
1821
1831
1831
1836
1831
1823
1823
On the coast of Brazil. '
In commission. West Indies, j
In the Mediterranean. I
In commission, East Indies.
In the Pacific. l
Atlantic coast. j
Employed near New York. |
At Baltimore, condemned. I
Receiving vessel at Fhila'phia.j
1836! 1
1836
1836
1837
! New York, nearly
I ready for sea.
J
2. Officers in the JVavy,
Captains. — 50.
John Rodgers,
James Barron,
Charles Stewart,
Isaac Hull,
Isaac Chauncey,
Jacob Jones,
Charles Morris,
L. Warrington,
Wm. M. Crane,
James Biddle,
C. G. Ridgely,
D. T. Patterson,
J. O. Creighton,
F. H. Gregory,
John H. Clack,
P. F. Voorhees,
Benj. Cooper,
David Geisinger,
R. F. Stockton,
Isaac McKeever,
J. P. Zantzinger,
Wm. L. Salter, '
C. S. McCauley,
T. M. Newell,
E.A.F. Vallette,
W. A. Spencer,
John Downes, \
Jesse D. Elliot, j
Stephen Cassin,
James Renshaw,
A.S. Wadsworth,
George C. Reed,
H. E. Ballard,
David Deacon,
S.L. Woodhouse,
J. J. Nicholson,
E. P. Kennedy,
Alex. J. Dallas,
J. B. Nicholson,
J. Wilkinson,
T. Ap. C. Jones,
W. C. Bolton,
W. B. Shubrick,
Alex. Claxton,
C. W. Morgan,
L. Kearney,
F. A. Parker,
E. R. McCall,
Daniel Turner,
David Connor,
Masters Commandant. — 50.
Thos. T. Webb, |
John Percival,
John H. Aulick,
Wm. V. Taylor,
Mervine P. Mix,
Bladen Dulany,
S. H. Stringham,
Isaac Mayo,
W. K. Latimer,
Wm. Mervine,
Thos. Crabb,
E. B. Babbitt,
Thomas Paine,
Jas. Armstrong,
Joseph Smoot,
S. L. Breese,
Benj. Page, Jr.,
John Gwinn,
T. W. Wyman,
And'w Fitzhugh,
A. S. Ten Eyck,
John White,
Hiram Paulding,
J. D. Williamson,
John Gallagher,
Thos. H. Stevens,
Wm. M. Hunter,
John D. Sloat,
Math. C. Perry,
C. W. Skinner,
John T. Newton,
Joseph Smith,
L. Rosseau,
Geo. W. Storer,
Beverly Kennon,
E. R. Shubrick.
Uriah P. Levy,
Chas. Boarman,
French Forrest,
W.E.McKenney,
W. J. Belt,
Wm. Jameson,
Wm. Boerum,
C. L. Williamson,
Chas. Ganntt.
William Ramsay,
Ralph Voorhees,
Henry Henry,
100
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
Lieutenants,
Surgeons, .
Passed Assistant Surgeons,
Assistant Surgeons,
Pursers,
Chaplains,
Passed Midshipmen,
279 I Midshipmen,
50
Sailing Masters,
is, 24
Boatswains,
. 33
Gunners, .
45
Carpenters,
9
Sailmakers,
181
Vill.
MINT.
227
27
22
27
26
25
Officers of the Mint at Philadelphia.
Salary. I Salary.
R. M. Patterson, Director, $ 3,500 | J. R. Eckfeldt, Assayer, $ 2,000
Wm. Findlay, Treasurer, 2,000 1 F. Peale, Melter and Refiner, 2,000
Adam Eckfeldt, Chief Coiner, 2,000 | William Kneas, Engraver, 1,500
Officers of the Branch at JVew Orleans, La.
Salary. Salary.
D. Bradford, Superintend., $2,500 Rufus Tyler, Coiner, $2,000
Wm. P. Kort, Assaycr, 2,000 Edmund Forstall, Treasurer, 2,000
J. Maxwell, Melter and Refiner,2,0Q0
Officers of the Branch at Dahlonega, Ga.
Salary. I
J. J. Singleton, Superinten., $2,000 David M. Mason, Coiner,
J. W. Farnham, Assayer, l,5(i0 |
Officers of the Branch at Charlotte, JV. C.
Salary. I
J. H. Wheeler, Superinten., $2,000 John R. Bolton, Coiner,
J. H. Gibbon, Assayer, 1,500 |
Salary.
$1,500
Salary,
#1,500
1. Statement of the Coinage at the Mint of the United States, at Philndel'
phia, in the year 1837.
Denominations.
Pieces.
Pieces.
Value.
$1,035,605
112,700
Value.
Gold :
Half Eagles,
duarter Eagles,
Silver :
Half Dollars, .
duarter Dollars,
Dimes,
Half Dimes, .
Copper :
Cents,
Whole JAimber,
207,121
45,080
252,201
•
7,200,220
5,558,300
$ 1,148,305
2,096,010
55,583
3,629,820
2.52,400
1,042,000
2,276,000
$1,814,910
63,100
104,200
113,800
•
Whole valae,
13,010,721
3,299,898
1839.]
THE MINT.
101
2. Statement of the .Annual Amounts of Deposits of Gold, for Coinage, at
the Mint of the U. States, Philadelphia, from the Mines of the U. States.
Virginia, i North
1
j South
1
Georgia.,
Tennes-
Alabama.
Not as-
1
Total, i
1824
Carolina.
Carolina.
1
see.
certained.
$ 5,000
$ 5,000
1
1825
17,000
,
17,000
1826
20,000
,
20,000
1827
21,000
,
21,000 1
1828
46,000
46,000 !
1829
$2,500 134,000
$ 3,500
140,000
1830
24,0001 204,000
26,000
S 212,000
466,000
1831
26,0001 294,000
22,000
176,000'
$ 1,000
$ i,ooo.
520,000
1832
34.000| 458,000
45,000
140,000
1,000
.
678,000
1833
]04,000l 475,000
66,000
216,000
7,000
868,000
1834
62,000 380,000
38,000
415,000
3,000
89tf,000
1835
60,400 263,500
42,40U
319,900
100
$ 12,200
698,500
1836
62,000 148,J00
55,200
201,400
300
^
467,000 1
1837
52,100
116,900
2,582,500
29,400
327,500
83,600
1,763,900
282,000 1
5,126,500
427,000
12,400
1,000
12,200
The Branches of the Mint at New Orleans, Dahlonega, and Charlotte were, neither
of thena, in full operation at the date (Jan. 13, 1837) of the last Report of the Director.
IX. PUBLIC LANDS.
1. Exhibit of the Quantity of Piihlic Land offered for sale in each year ;
the Quantity of Public Land sold, and the Amount paid by Purchasers
therefor, in each year; with the Average Price per acre of the Lands
sold, and the Average Quantity offered for sale, in each year, from the
commencement of the Cash System, (1st July, 1820,) to the 30th of
September, 1837.
Average price
Quantity of Pub-
j Quantity of
Amount paid by
per acre of lands
Year.
lic Land offered
Public Land
Purchasers.
sold in each
for sale.
Sold.
year.
Acres.
Acres.
1820
8,338,675.94
303,404.09
^424,962.26
$1.40
1821
10,919,480.42
781,213.32
1,169,224.98
1.50
1822
9,602,931.37
801,226.18
1,023,267.83
1.28
1823
11,414,598.70
653,31 9.52
850,136.26
1..30
1824
7,294,186.48
749,323.04
953,799.03
1.27
1825
3,419,604.55
893,461 .69
1,205,068.37
1.35
1826
2,880,70356
848,082,26
1,128,617.27
1.33
1827
3,314,816.71
1 926,727.76
1,318,105.36
1.42
1828
3.268,493.96
965,600.36
1,221,357.99
1.26
1829
6,148,962.26
1,244,860.01
1,572,863 54
1.26
1230
6.7.50,798.77
1,929,733.79
2,433,432.94
3,557,023.76
1.26
1831
11,005,561.42
2,777.856.88
1.28
1832
4,205,805.26
2,462,342.16
3,115,376.09
1.27
1833
6.614,596.93
3,856,227.56
4,972,284.84
1.29
18.34
13,056,865.37
4,658,218.71
6,099,981.04
1.31
1835
13,767,268.0512,564,478.85
15,999,804.11
1.27
1836
509,034 50
20,074,870.92
25,167,833.06
1.25
Sept. 30, 1837
4,805,462.97
6,127,418.39
1.28
122,512,384 25
61,296,411.07
78,340,557.12!
1.27.4-5
Average quantity offered for sale, per annum, since the commence-
ment of the cash system, 6,806,243 acres.
9*
102
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
2. Exiiibit of the estimated Quantity of Public Land in each State and
Territory ; the Quantity offered at Public Sale ; with the Quantity sold,
and the Amount received therefor, from the earliest period of the Sales ,
to the 30th September, 1837.
State or
Territory.
Estimated quan-
tity of Public
Land in each
State and Terri-
tory to wiiich
ttic Indian title
has been extin-
guished.
Quantity of Public
Lund offered at
Public Sale.
Quantity of
Public Lands
sold.
Amount paid by
Purchasers.
Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois,
Missouri
Ala.*
Miss.*
La.
Mich.
Arkan.
Fl.t
Wiscon.
Total,
Acres.
16,555,952.17
20,457,393.67
31,933,736.31
40,241,436.58
31,699,470 19
21,920,786.32
20,437,559.43
31,118,392 50
31,468,911.31
49,254,297.73
18,512,437.39
313,600,373.60
Acres.
16,512,110.65
18,464,679.82
23,991,748.89
21,004,365.47
29,265,055.93
20,172,482.34
6,543,393.39
12,731,853.08
12,662,900.88
6,218,.573.26
4,807,307.20
Acres.
12,373,247.58
13,754,370.12
9,273,-^56.99
5,531,954.81
10,088,687.75
9,235,945.26
2.010,426.45
8 894,224.68
2,1 27,695.-53
683.324.39
1,051,921.94
$21,777,692.95
17,569,450.39
11,610,024 72
7,435,881.96;
16,466,849.08'
12,538,606.13
2,714,805.78
11,186,537.41
2,686,775 86
895,236.36
1,363,796.24;
n 72,374,470.91
75,025,055.50
$106,245,656.88
X. ANNUAL EXPENDITURE.
Statement of (he Annual Expenditures, exclusive of the Public Debt,
from the commencement of the Government to the Slst of December, 1837 ;
as stated by the Secretary of the Treasury.
From March 4, 1789, to Dec. 31, 1791
For the year 1792
" 1793
«< 1794
« 1795
" 1796
" 1797
" 1798
" 1799
" 1800
« 1801
«« 1802
" 1803
" 1804
« 1805
" 1806
" 1807
" 1808
« 1809
« 1810
" 18II
" 1812
" 1813
« 1814
$1,919,590 For the year 1815
1,877,904 " "
1,710,070 "
3,500,546 "
4,350,6.58, "
2,53 1, 930 i "
2,833,5911 "
4,623,223 "
6,480,167 "
7,411,370, "
4,981,669 "
3,737,080, "
4,002,824' "
4,4.52,859! "
6,357,225; "
6,081,109 "
4,984,5721 "
6,-504.339 "
7,414;r.72' "
5,311,0821 "
5,592,604 "
17.829,499 <'
28,082,397 "
3(1,127,687!
1815
$ 26,953,571
1816
23,373,433
1817
15,454,610
1818
13,808,674
1819
16,300,273
1820
13,134,530
1821
10,723,479
1822
9,827,643
1823
9,784,154
1824
15,330,144
1825
11,490,459
1826
13,062,316
1827
12,653,095
1828
13,296,041
1829
12,600,460
1830
13,229,5:13
1831
13,864,067
1832
16,516,388
1833
22,713,755
1834
18,425,417
1835
17,514,9-.0
1836
30,868,164
1837
39,164,745
* The lands coded by the Chickasaws are not taken into the account in any of
these amounts ; also, llio lands in Ohio, lo be sold for the benefit of the Indians, have
been excluded.
t Estimated on Searcy's map. In calculaliiiij the unsurvcyed lands, one third was
deducted for water and swamps.
X Six townships of land offered for sale in October, 1837, are included in thts quantity.
1839.]
POST-OFFICE ESTABLISHMENT.
lOB
XL POST-OFFICE ESTABLISHMENT.
[Statement of the First Assistant Postmaster- General.']
On the 30th of June, 1836, the length of the post routes in operation
in the United States was 118,264 miles, and the annual transportation
thereon amounted to 27,578,620 miles.
During the year ending the 30th of June, 1837, 22,978 miles were
added to the length of the post routes, and the annual transportation
was increased 5,018,386 miles, as is more fully shown by the following
Table of Mail Service for the dOth of June, 1837.
Annual Transportation.
States and
Territories.
Length
of
Steamboat
Routes.
Horse and
Stage and
and
Total
Sulkey.
Couch.
Railroad.
Wiles.
JVortheastern
Section.
Maine, .
4,004
216,792
638,248
,
885,040
N. Hampshire,
2,710
72,540
656,734
.
729,274
Vermont,
2,499
9i),0G4
603.226
.
693,290
Massachusetts,
3,770
110,136
1,287,182
114,556
1,511,874
Rhode Island,
490
10,712
127,036
48.256
186,004
Connecticut,
2,032
94,120
589,446
26,728
710,294
New York,
13,082
845,416
3,249,376
315,328
4,410,120
Middle Section.
New Jersey,
1,998
89,336
467,766
43,472
600,574
Pennsylvania,
12,337
999,206
1,967,758
201,812
3,168,776
Delaware,
591
20,800
117,702
14,976
153,478
Maryland,
2,589
237,432
542,178
137,384
916,994
Ohio,
10,127
841,854
1,435,044
31,304
2,308,202
Southern Section.
Virginia,
10,434
1,080,452
942,240
146,224
2,168,916
North Carolina,
7,155
638,892
830,960
20,384
1,490,236
South Carolina,
5,019
484.610
730,904
87,000
1,302,514
Georgia,
6,705
633; 152
726,648
.
1,359,800
Florida,
2,025
91,624
84,864
44,720
221,208
JYorthwestem
Section.
Michigan,
3,494
295.464
368,940
664,404
Indiana,
7,155
707;408
542,672
12,376
1,262,456
Illinois,
7,150
485,888
677,040
.
1,162,928
Wisconsin,
1,889
166,192
31,408
.
197,600
Missouri,
5,019
506,896
97,552
,
604,448
Southwestern
Section.
Kentucky,
6,779
536,416
648,960
193,136
1,378,512
Tennessee,
7,269
744,952
.584.688
56,680
1,386 ,.320
Alabama,
6,449
775,008
597.376
32,760
1,405,144
Mississippi,
3,744
579,280
159^536
117,104
855,920
Arkansas,
2,755
417,248
31,200
44,928
493,376
Louisiana,
Total Miles,
1,972
197,392
11,999,282
68,016
18,804,701
103,896
369,304
141,242
1 ,793,024
32,597,006
30 miles,
6 cents.
80 "
10 "
150 "
m "
400 "
18| "
25 "
104 UNITED STATES. [18^39. \
Rates of Postage.
On a Single Letter composed of One Piece of Paper.
For any distance not exceeding
Over 30, and not exceeding
Over 80, and not exceeding
Over 150, and not exceeding
Over 400 miles
A Letter composed of two pieces of paper, is charged with double
these rates; of three pieces, with triple; and of four pieces, with
quadruple. *' One or more pieces of paper, mailed as a letter, and
weighing one ounce, shall be charged with quadruple postage ; and at
the same rale, should the weight be greater."
JYeivspaper Postage.
For each JVeiospaper, not carried out of the State in which it is pub-
lished, or, if carried out of the State, not carried over 100 miles, 1 cent.
Over 100 miles, and out of the State in which it is published, 1^ cents.
Magazines and Pamphlets.
If published periodically, dist. not exceeding 100 miles, 1^ cts. per sheet.
Ditto. do. distance over 100 '' 2^ " "
If not pub. periodically, dist. not exceeding 100 " 4 " '*
Ditto do. distance over 100 '' 6 "■ "
" Every Printed Pamphlet or Magazine which contains more than
twenty-four pages, on a royal sheet, or any sheet of less dimensions,
shall be charged by the sheet; and small pamphlets, printed on a half
or quarter sheet, of royal or less size, shall be charged with half the
amount of postage charged on a full sheet."
The postage on Ship Letters, if delivered at the office where the ves-
sel arrives, is six cents ; if conveyed by post, two cents in addition to
the ordinary postage.
Privilege of Franking.
Letters and packets to and from the following officers of the govern-
ment, are by law received and conveyed by post, free of postage.
The President and Vice-President of the United States, Secretaries
of State, Treasury, War, and Navy; Attorney-General; Postmaster-
General, and Assistant Postmasters-General; Comptrollers, Auditors,
Register and Solicitor of the Treasury ; Treasurer ; Commissioner of
the General Land Office ; Commissioners of the Navy Board ; Commis-
sary-General; Inspectors-General; Quartermaster-General; Paymaster-
General ; Superintendent of Patent-Office ; Speaker and Clerk of the
1839.]
POST-OFFICE ESTABLISHMENT.
105
j House of Representatives ; President and Secretary of the Senate ; and
any individual who shall have been, or may hereafter be, President of
the United States ; and each may receive newspapers by post, free of
I postage.
I Each member of the Senate, and each member and delegate of the
} House of Representatives, may send and receive, free of postage, news-
[ papers, letters, and packets, weighing not more than two ounces, (in
'case of excess of weight, excess alone to be paid for.) and all documents
I printed by order of either House, from the period of sixty days before
I he takes his seat in Congress, till the next meeting of the next Con-
gress.
( Postmasters may send and receive, free of postage, letters and pack-
f ets not exceeding half an ounce in weight ; and they may receive one
j daily newspaper, each, or what is equivalent thereto.
[ Printers of newspapers may send one paper to each and every other
I printer of newspapers within the United States, free of postage, under
such regulations as the Postmaster- General may provide.
Xn. COMMERCE.
1. Imports and Exports of each State.
Statement of the Commerce of each State and Territory, commencing on
the 1st of October, 1836, and ending on the 30th of September, 1837.
States and
Value of Impoi
ta.
Value of Exports. |
1
Territories.
In Ameri-
In Foreign
Total.
Domestic
Foreign
Total.
can vessels.
vessels.
Produce.
Produce.
Maine,
$ 661,098
$ 140,3061
$ 801,404
$ 947,276
$ 8,676
$ 955,952
N. Hamp.
8J,550
234
81,434
26,000
8,641
34,641
Vermont,
342,449
342,449
138,693
138,693
Mass.
19,231,633
753,035
19,984,668
4,871,901
4,856,289
9,728,190
R. Island,
507,802
15,808
523.610
411,806
76,452
488,258
Connecticut,
311,121
7,728
318,849
523,103
9,487
532,590
N. York,
68,863,370
10,438,352
79,301,772
16,083,969
11,254,450
27,.338,419
N. Jersey,
69,152
69,152
19,640
24,577
44,217
Pennsylvania,
10,715,907
964,024
11,680,111
2,565,712
1,275,887
3,841,599
Delaware,
1 66,201
640
66,841
40,333
40,333
Maryland,
' 6,249,063
1,607,970
7,857,033
3,365,173
424,744
3,789,917
D. of (Jolum.
75,778
26,447
102,225
467,766
1,443
469,209
Virginia,
589,276
224,586
813,862
3,699,110
3,604
3,702,714
N. Carolina,
' 236,731
34,982
271,623
548,876
2,919
551,795
S. Carolina,
1 1,620,878
889,982
2,510,860
11,138,992
81,169
11,220,161
Gooryia.
i 492,029
282,320
774,349
8,935,041
8,935,041
Alabama,
342,379
267,006
609,385
9,652,910
5,898
9,658,808
Mississippi,
304,831
304.831
Louisiana,
, 10,937,546
3,082,466
14,020,012
31,546,275
3,792,422
35,338,697
Ohio,
' 6,085
11,662
17,747
132,644
132,844
Kentucky,
17,782
17,782
Tennessee,
27,401
27,401
Miciugan,
69,790
69,790
Florida,
Total, %
490,784
490,784
74,373
28,304
102,677
1 122,177,193
18,812.024
140,989,217
95,564,414
21,854,9621 117,419,376
106
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
2. Exports of thb Produce of the United States.
Summary Statement of the Value of the Exports of the Growth^ Produce,
and Manufacture of the United States, during the Year ending on the
30th day of September, 1837.
The Se.\.
Fisheries —
Dried fish, or cod fisheries
. ,
$588,506
Pickled fish, or river fisheries, (her-
ring, shad, salmon, mackerel)
181,334
Whale and other fish oil
• •
1,271,545
Spermaceti oil .
151,875
Whalebone ....
223,682
Spermaceti candles
294,510
2,711,452
The Forest.
Skins and Furs ....
,
651,908
Ginseng .....
109,398
Products of Wood —
Slaves, shingles, boards, Sec.
$2,333,663
Other lumber
251,083
Masts and spars ....
30,654
Oak bark, and other dye
96,443
All manufactures of wood .
444,149
Naval Stores —
Tar, pitch, rosin, and turpentine
823,419
Ashes — pot and pearl .
731,596
4,711,007
ACRtCDLTURE.
Products of Animals —
Beef, tallow, hides, horned cattle
585,146
Butter and cheese
96,176
Pork (pickled) , bacon, lard, live hogs
1,299.796
Horses and mules .
368,094
Sheep
16,852
2,366,064
Vegetable food —
Wheat
27,206
Flour
2,987,269
Indian corn ....
147,982
Indian meal ....
763,652
Rye meal
165,457
Rye, oats, and other small grain
80,785
Biscuit, or ship bread
244,292
1
Potatoes ....
53,630
Apples
40,990
Rice
2,309,279
6,820,542
14,658,919
Tobacco
,
.
5,795,647
Cotton
, .
,
63,240,102
All other agricultural products —
Flaxseed
,
50,553
Hops
,
89,705
Brown sugar ....
•
22,668
162,926
1
1839.]
COMMERCE.
107
Manufactures.
Soap and tallow candles
,
#393,031
Leather, boots, and shoes .
114,553
Household furniture
265,421
Coaches and other carriages
100,565
Hats
185,066
Saddlery
56,680
Wax
91,168
Spirits from grain, beer, ale, and porter
145,519
Snuff and tobacco
427,836
Lead ......
17,015
Linseed oil and spirits of turpentine
59,726
Cordage
15,.327
Iron — pig, bar, and nails
151,040
Castings ....
90,390
All manufactures of .
250,768
Spirits, from molasses
53,513
Sugar, refined ....
215,728
Chocolate
3,051
Gunpowder
181,746
Copper and brass
91,724
Medicinal drugs ....
137,287
Cotton, piece goods —
3,047,154
Printed and colored
^549,801
White
2,043,115
Nankeens ....
1,815
Twist, yarn, and thread
61,702
All other manufactures of
175,040
Flaz and Hemp —
Cloth and thread
2,831,473
18,422
.
Bags, and all manufactures of
29,898
Wearing apparel
218,346
Combs and buttons
43,626
Brushes, billiard tables and apparatus
4,899
Umbrellas and parasols
12,043
Leather and morocco skins not per lb.
21,316
Printing presses and type
24,905
Fire-engines and apparatus
2,710
Musical instruments
4,857
Books and maps
28,142
Paper and stationery
50,579
Paints and varnish
17,241
Vinegar . , . . .
4,313
Earthen and stone ware
14,249
Manufactures of Glass .
44,950
Tin
10,892
Pewter, lead, marble, and stone
8,506
Gold and silver, and gold leaf .
5,043
Gold and silver coin .
1,283,519
Artificial flowers and jewelry
11,201
Molasses
7,171
Trunks
2,204
Brick and lime ....
29,626
Domestic salt ...
58,472
Articles not enumerated —
4,788,603
Manufactured
589,802
Other articles . . • .
569,809
1,159,611
Total, .
•
#
95,564,414
108
UJSITED STATES.
[1839-
3. Imports from and Exports to Foreign Countries.
Table, exhibiting the value of Imports from, and Exports to, each Foreign
Country, during the year ending on the 30th of Sept. 1837.
3
Countries.
Value of
Value of Exports. |
Domestic
Foreign
Total.
1
Imports.
$2,816,116
Produce.
Produce.
Russia, ....
$ 144,080
$1,162,052
1,306,732
2
Piussia, ....
497,829
106,558
33,427
139,985
3
Sweden and Norway,
1,399,901
211,700
208,704
420,404
4
Swedish West Indies,
66,977
84,114
3,005
87,119
5
Denmark, ....
102,819
172,260
109,421
281,681
6
Danish West Indies,
1,164,087
1,124,642
233,850
1,358,492
7
Netherlands,
1,886,976
2,035,589
1,322,936
3,358,525
8
Dutch Eiist indies,
1,019,769
263,250
285,224
548,474
9
Dutch West Indies, . .
419,107
291,779
30,876
322,655
10
Dutch Guiana, .
44,976
54,518
1,595
56,113
11
Belgium, ....
549,009
716,61b
393,969
1,110,587
12
England, ....
43,566,757
46,235,102
4,884,768
51,119,870
13
Scotland, ....
1,188,410
3,441,211
12,596
3,453,807
14
Ireland, ....
131,776
9,893
9,893
15
Gibraltar, ....
207,173
361,031
203,870
564,901
16
Malta,
35,961
100,805
173,366
274,171
17
British East Indies, .
3,041,842
120,591
82,967
203,558
18
British West Indies,
1,451,302
2.074,498
43,866
2,118,664
19
Biitish Guiaua, .
6,244
' 42,885
42,885
20
Honduras, ....
202,624
99,694
12,158
111,852
21
British African Ports,
1,780
1,760
22
Cape of Good Hope,
93,799
27,118
27.11-
23
Britis 1 N. American Colonies,
2,359,263
2,922,474
296,512
3,288,9811
24
Other British Colonies,
4,40t)
25
Hanse Towns, &c.'
5,6 12,2 il
2,562,357
1,192,592
3,754,949
26
French Atlantic Ports,
20,521,496
16,154,567
1,690,114
17,844,681
27
French Mediterranean Ports,
1,562,118
1,193,347
649,550
1,845,897 '
28
French West Indies,
414,203
505,063
59,705
564,768 '
29
Hayti, ....
],44ft,856
87 1 ,938
140,043
1,011,981
30
Spanish Atlantic Ports,
465,467
230,099
46,750
276,849
31
Spanish Mediterranean Ports,
1,931,689
324,187
30,246
354,433
32
Teneriffe and other Canaries,
255,27b
27,553
7,648
35,201
33
Manilla and Philippine Islands,
1,346,4:15
34
Cuba, ....
12,447,922
4,303,783
2,063,820
6,367,603
35
Porto Rico, ....
2,48l,0ti2
517,77b
52,138
569,916
36
Portugal, ....
187,643
124,337
37,072
141,409
37
Madeira, ....
672,782
82,747
18,522
101,269
38
Faval and other Azores, .
29,023
. 13,408
3,531
16,939
39 Cape de Verii Islands,
38,-43
136,201
27,887
164,088
40
Italy,
1,827,181
205,268
418,409
623,677
41
Sicily, ....
411,959
18,620
5,877
24,497
42
Sardinia, ....
4,514
43
Greece, ....
10,616
44
Trieste, &c.
629 465
1,233,370
378,221
1,611,591
45
Turkey, ....
693,161
36,659
74,653
111,312
46
Morocco, ....
110,751
47
Mexico, ....
5 654,002
939,613
2,940,710
3,880,323
48
Texas,
163,384
797,312
210,616
1,007,928
49
("entral America,
163,402
82,314
75,349
157,663
50
Colombia, ....
1,567,345
540,150
539,959
1,080,109
51
Brazil, ....
4,991,983
1,301,217
441,992
1,743,209
52
Argentine Republic,
989,492
137,710
128,298
266,008
5:j
Ci^iulpinc Republic, .
10510
7,864
7,864
54
Chili,
1,180,156
1,092,359
395,440
1,437,799
55
Peru, ....
909,418
99,757
11,601
111,358
56
South America, generally,
139
57
China, ....
8,965,337
318,973
311,618
630,591
58
Europe, ....
124,393
124,993
^9
Asia,
196,841
70,171
253,225
323,396
60
Africa,
709,077
299,652
129,843
429,495
61
West Indies,
2,183
445,780
21,777
467,557
62
Seiith Seas, ....
41,605
19,857
2,436
22,293
53
Sandwich Islands,
6,601
29,920
18,230
48,150
64
Australasia, , . . .
48,655
1,328
1,328
65
Uncertain places.
Total, . . S
5,261
140,989,217
95,564,414
21,854,962
117,419,376
1839.]
COMMERCE.
4. Value of different Articles Imported,
109
'• < Value of different Articles of Merchandise Imported into the United States
during the Year ending September ZOth, 1837.
Species of Merchandise.
Value.
Species of Merchandise.
Value.
Free of Doty.
C Mace
Nutmegs
$ 23,145
Articles for the use of the U.
97,168
States
$375
Cinnamon .
18,693
.Articles specially imported for
1
a •„„„ • Cloves .
Spices, <(peppe, . .
25,624
incorporated Phil. Societies,
298,652
4-c.
Pimento
242,446
Philosophical apparatus, &c.
14,250
Cassia
VGinger .
99,263
Books, maps, and charts
31,974
42,616
Statuary, busts, casts, and
Camphor ....
104,821
specimens of sculpture
1,213
Silks, other than India, lace
Paintings, drawings, etch-
veils, shawls, shades, &c.
297,461 i
ings, and engravings
4,574
Other manufactures of
10,816,718
Cabinets of coins and gems
5
Manufactures of silk and
Cabinets of medals and col-
worsted
1,810,947
lections of antiquity
2,076
Camlets of goats' hair, or
Specimens of botany
8,151
Cashmere of Thibet
99,143
Models of inventions and ma-
Worsted and stuff goods
3,350,266
chinery
30
Linens, bleached and un-
Anatomical preparations
1,102
bleached
4,851,857
Antimony, regulus of
13,511 1
Ticklenburgs, and burlaps
384,716
Spelter or zinc .
94,163 ;
Sheeting, brown and white
541,771
Burr stones, unwrought
21,717 '
Bolting cloths
25,958
Brimstone and sulphur
69,321 1
Wool, not exceeding 8 cents
Bark of the cork tree
4,545 i
per pound
703,276
Clay, unwrought
12,457
(Quicksilver
20,153
Rags of any kkid of cloth
439,229
Opium ....
57,061
Undressed furs
515,277 ,
Crude saltpetre
55.^,564
Hides and skins, raw
3,306,681
All other articles
8,423,674
Plaster of Paris
Barilla ....
14*^ m? '
115,613
Total,
$69,250,031
Wood, dye
297,606
Unmanufactured mahogany,
and other
650,060
Merchandise paying Du-
Animals for breed .
81,278
ties AD VALOREM.
all other
103,101
Manufactures of Wool —
Pewter, old .
2,955
Cloths and cassimeres
$ 3,013,460
Tin, in pigs and bars
620,061
Merino shawls
2,323
plates and sheets
781,642 ,
Blankets, not above 75 cts.
Brass, in pigs and bars
147,287
each
453,226
old ...
19,336
Blankets, above 75 cts, each
506,588
Copper, in pigs and bars
921,789
Hosiery, gloves, mitts, and
in plates for sheath-
bindings
177,092
ing ships
589,369
Other articles
90,525
for the use of the mint
13,507
W^oollen yarn
334
Old, fit only for re-
Worsted yarn
172,128
manufacture
270,936
Manufactures of Cotton —
Bullion, Gold
536,549
Dyed, printed, or colored
7,087,270
Silver .
594,291 ,
White
1,611,398
Specie, Gold .
1,895,265
Hosiery, gloves, mitts, and
Silver .
7,490,309
bindings
1,267,267
Teas from India, China, &.c.
5,901,695
Twist, yarn, and thread
404,603
Coffee ....
8,657,760 1
Nankeens, direct from China
35,900
Cocoa ....
225,456
Other articles
744,313
f Almonds
239,321
Silks from India, ^c. —
j Currants
44,957
Piece goods
2,293,296
Fruits, ^J'-- • ^ •
73,210
Sewing silks .
261,787
89,867
Other manufactures of
99
1 Raisins, in boxes
I. All other
980,201
Sewing, from Europe, &c.
445,810
340,629
Lace of thread and cottou
806,199
10
110
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
Species of Merchandise.
Value.
Species of Merchandise.
Value.
Manufactures of Flax —
1 Articles not enumer'd, 5 per ct.
9 144,450
Dyed and colored linens,
1 Do. 10 do.
253
checits, &c.
$225,5K 1 Do. 12 do.
5,030
Other articles
467,382 1 Do. 12^ do.
235,6301
Manufactures of Hemp —
Do. 15 do.
1,231,659
Sail duck
540,421
Do. 20 do.
21,589
Other articles
: 55,467
Do. 25 do.
883,927
Hats, caps, and bonnets —
Do. 30 do.
109,260
Leghorn, chip, straw, &c.
540,782
Do. 35 do.
6,113
Fur, wool, and leather
11,582
Do. 40 do.
4
Manufactures of Iron, and
Do. 50 do.
197,820
Iron and Steel, viz -. —
Side-arms
30,368
Total,
$37,716,374
Fire-arms, not specified
546,665
Drawing-knives .
21,038
Cutting-knives
10,056
Merchandise paying Spe-
Hatchets, axes, and adzes
16,672
cific Duties.
Socket-chisels
24,748
Flannels ....
$ 84,112
Steelyards and scalebeams
29,419
Bockings and baizes
27,137
Vices ....
38,867
Carpeting —
Sickles, or reaping-hooks
9,195
Brussels, Wilton, and treble
Scythes
95,881
ingrained
369,906
Spades and shovels
18,817
Other ingrain and Venetian
253,195
Squares of iron .
5,908
Fioor-cioth, patent, printed or
Wood-screws .
145,565
painted
27,369
Other articles
4,495,352
Oil-cloth, other than patent
Manufactures of —
floor-cloth
18,686
Copper ....
103,725
Cotton bagging .
429,251
Brass ....
504,848
Wines —
Tin ....
41,978
Madeira, in casks and bot-
Pewter
44,115
tles ....
793,210
Lead ....
6,697
Sherry
277,790
Wood — cabinet-ware
87,033
Sicily ....
97,645
other articles
230,269 1
Red, of France, in casks
333,721
Leather
431,119
Other of France
271,035
Marble ....
18,972
Of France, in buttles & cases
1,139,285
Gold and silver, and precious
Red, of Spain and Austria,
stones, set or otherwise
467,085
in casks
93,020
Watohes, and parts of
1,215,807
Other of Spain, Austria,
Saddlery —
Germany, and the Medi-
Common, tinned, japanned
84,597
terranean, in casks
620,026
Plated, iirass, polished steel
331,619
Of other countries, in casks
364,841
Olassware —
Do. in bottles
115,168
Cut, paying 30 per cent, and
Spirits from grain
336,563
3 cents per pound
48,826
Do. other materials
1,134,239
Plain, paying 20 per cent.
Molasses . . ,
3,444,701
and 2 cents per pound
145,480
Vinegar ....
17,717
Other, paying 20 per cent.
398,676
Beer, ale, and porter, in casks
2,267
Wares —
Do. in bottles
140,009
China and porcelain
277,458
Oil — of foreign fishing
Earthen and stone
1,545,942
Spermaceti .
7,008
Gilt, ....
131,335
Whale and other fish
564
Plated, not specified
358,651 1
Olive, in casks
169,294
Japanned
72,575 '
Castor ....
657
Coach and harness furniture
6,775 1 Linseed
403,527
Carriages and parts of .
3,361 Rapeseed
96
Slates of all kinds
65,791 Teas, from other places than
Cluills prepared
10,130 China
1,359
Black-lead pencils
5,814 Chocolate ....
1,311
Paper-hangings
126,680 Sjt/ar— Brown
61,710 White ....
6,118,166
Hair-cloth and hair-seating
1,084,502
Brushes of all kinds .
43,343 Loaf ....
220
Copper bottoms, cut round, &.c.
2,520 Candy ....
911:
Silvered and plated wire
3,729 Other refined
6
Raw silk ....
211,694
I'ayenne pepper
10
Indigo, ....
868,213
Candles —
Wool, unmanufactured, ex-
Wax and Spermaceti .
832
ceeding 8 cents per pound
190,597
Tallow ....
692
1839.]
COMMERCE.
Ill
Species of Merchandise.
Value.
Species of Merchandise.
Value.
Clieese ....
$ 22,885
Bar, maaufactu'd otherwise
$2,017,3^16
Soap
26,189
Steel ....
804,817
Tallow ....
19,866
Hemp ....
483,7921
Lard
5,239
Alum ....
2,846 j
Beef and pork
11,854
Copperas ....
9
Bacon ....
22,018
Wheat flour .
122,6511
Butter ....
12,162
Salt
862,617
Saltpetre ....
88
Coal ....
362.079
Vitriol, blue or Roman .
348
Wheat ....
4,154,325
Do. Oil of .
1,133
Oats ....
3,101
Snuff ....
4,446
Potatoes ....
20,823
Cigars ....
1,217,724
Paper — Folio and quarto post
16,883
416
Foolscap, drawing, and
than snuff and cigars
writing
41,207
Cotton ....
188,470 i
Printing, copperplate, and
Gunpowder
13,048
stainers' .
1,326
142,740 !
Sheathing, binders', wrap-
Glue
3,362
ping, &.C.
2,165
Ochre — Dry
20,830
All other
15,602
In oil .
12
Books — printed prior to 1775
3,111
Red and white lead .
47,316
In other languages than Eng-
Whiting and Paris white
2,406
lish, Latin, and Greek
97,646
Litharge
118
In Greek and Latin, bound
3,390
Sugar of lead
36,640
Do. unbound
5,118
Lead — Pig, bar, and sheet
13,871
All other, bound .
46,723
Shot ....
529!
Do. unbound
60,202
Pipes ....
115
Apothecaries' vials, &c. not
Old and scrap
3,359 I
exceeding 6 oz. each
900
Cordage — Cables and tarred
34,108 1
Apothecaries' vials, &c. ex-
Untarred, and yarn
12,180
ceeding 6, & not above 16 oz.
174
Twine, packthread, and seines
143,818
Perfumery and fancy vials and
Corks ....
51,832
bottles, not exceeding 4 oz.
Copper— Rods and bolts .
34
each ....
1,108
Nails and spikes .
1 ,057 !
Perfumery and fancy vials and
Fire-arms — Muskets
13,343
bottles, exceeding 4, and
Rifles ....
3,530
not exceeding 16 oz. each
88
Wire, cap, and bonnet
378
Demijohns ....
23,981
Iron and steel wire, not above
36,966
Olass Bottles —
No. 14 .
25,462
Black, not above 1 quart
266,851
Do. above No. 14
729
Above 1 quart
330
Tacks, brads, and sprigs —
Window Olass —
Not exceeding 16 ounces per
Not exceeding 8 by 10 inch.
6,796
thousand .
459
Exceeding 8 by 10, and not
Not exceeding 16 oz. per. lb.
66,315
exceeding 10 by 12 inches
13,273
49,614
Exceeding 10 by 12 inches
91,258
Cables and chains
116,815
Fish — Dried or smoked
13,528
Mill cranks
11
Salmon
50,035
Mill saws
10,271
Mackerel
9,089
Anchors ....
11,063
All other . . ,
24,828
Anvils
83,395
Shoes and Slippers — Silk .
6,071
Blacksmiths' hammers and
Prunella, nankeen, &c.
389
sledges
5,253
Leather, kid, and morocco
44,479
Castings, vessels of .
24,081
Children's
2,771
Castings, all other .
81,614
Boots and bootees .
27,261
Round iron, as brazier's rods
Playing cards
241
of 3-16 to 8-16 diameter
21,792
Felts, or hat bodies of woo1,&c.
400
Nail or spike rods .
Sheet and hoop .
33
504,473
Total value of Merchandise pay-
Band iron, scroll iron, or
ing specific duties
34,022,812
casement rods .
36
Do. do. ad valorem
37,716,374
Pigs ....
422,929
Do. do. free of duty
69,250,031
Old and scrap
18,391
*
Bar, manufactured by rolling
2,573,367
Total, . $
140,989,217
112
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
XIII. INDIAN TRIBES.
Statement showing the JVumher of Indians now East of the Mississippi ; ,
of those that have emigrated from the East to the West of that River; ,
and of those within striking Distance of the Western Frontier; also the I
estimated Number of Warriors they may collectively he able to bring .]
into the field. •
[From the Report of C. A, Harris, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Dec. 1st, 1837.]
1. Name and Number of the Tribes now East of the Mississippi.
1st. Under Treaty Stipulations
1
to remove West of the JUis-
1
2<f. J\rot under Treaty Stipula-
stssippi.
1
tions to remove.
Winnebagoes,
4,500
New York Indians,
4,176
Ottawas of Ohio,
100
Wyandots,
575
Potawatamies of Indiana,
2,950i
Miamies,
1,100
Chippewas, Ottawas, and Pot-
1
Menomonies,
4,000
awatamies,
1,500
Oitawas, and Chippewas of
Cherokees,
14,000
the Lakes,
2,564
Creeks, ....
Chickasaws, . .
1.000
i;ooo
12,415
Seminoles,
5,000
Apalachicolas,
Ottawas, & Chippewas in the
400|
Brought over,
36,950
peninsula of Michigan,
6,500
36,950
Total,
49,365
2. Number of Indians who have emigrated from the East to the West of i
the Mississippi.
Chickasaws,
549
Shawnees,
1,272
Chippewas, Ottawas, and Pot-
Ottawas, ....
374
awatamies,
2,191
VVeas, ....
222
Choctaws, ....
15,000
Piankeshaws,
162
Q,uapaw8,
476
Peorias and Kaskaskias,
132
Creeks, ....
20,437
Potawatamies of Indiana,
53
Seminoles,
407
Senecas, ....
251
Apalachicolas,
265
Senecas and Shawnees, .
211
Cherokees,
Kickapoos, ....
7,911
588
Total,
51,327
Delawares,
826
3. Number of the Indige
nous T
ribes within striking Distaj
ue of the
Western Frontier.
Sioux,
lowas, ....
21,600
1,500
Pagans, ....
Assinaboins, .
30,000
15,000
Sacs,
Foxos, ....
4,800
1,600
Appachcs, ....
Crees, ....
20,280
3,000
Sacs of the Missouri, .
500
Arrepahas, ....
3,000
Osages, ....
Kanzas, ....
5,120
1,606 1
Gros Ventres, .
Eulaws, ....
16,800
19,200
Omahas, ....
1,600
Crows, ....
7,200
Ottoes and Missourias,
1,000
Caddoes, ....
2,000
Pawnees, ....
12,500
Poncas, ....
900
Camanches,
19,200
Arickarees,
2,750
Kioways, ....
Mandans, ....
1,800
3,200
Cheyennes,
Blackfeet, ....
3,200
30,000
Cluapaws,
Minatarees, ....
450
2,000
Total,
231,806
1839.]
INDIAN TRIBES.
113
Recapitulation.
j 'Number of Indians now East of the Mississippi, . . . 49,365
Number of Indians who have emigrated from East to West side, 51,327
Number of indigenous Tribes, ...... 231,800
Aggregate, . . . " . 332,498
Estimated Number of Warriors.
Whole number of Indians, 332,498. Assuming that every fifth one
may be considered a warrior, (and this is believed to be a reasonable
supposition y) the number of warriors will be 66,499.
XIV. STATISTICS OF SHEEP AND WOOL.
\
I 1. Table showing the JViimber of Sheep in each o/ 14 States, in 1836; the
Quantity of Wool produced, estimated at 3| lbs. per head of Sheep ;
also the Value of the Wool, computed at the mean average price paid,
from 1827 to 1836, i. e. 50^ cents per lb.
i
.[From the " Stitistical View of the Number of Sheep," &c. by Messrs. Benton and
Barry.]
States.
No. of Sheep.
622,619
Lbs. of Wool.
Value.
Maine, ....
2,023,512
#1,021,873
New Hampshire, .
465,179
1,511,832
763,475
Vermont, ....
1,099,01]
3,571,786
1,803,751
Massachusetts,
373,322
1,213,297
612,715
Rhode Island, .
81,619
265,261
133,957
Connecticut, .
255,169
829,299
418.796
New York,
4,299,879
13,974,606
7,057,176
New Jersey, .
250,000
812,500
410,313
Pennsylvania, .
1,714,640
5,572,580
2,814,153
Delaware,
150,000
487,500
246,187
Maryland, ....
275,000
893,750
451,343
Virginia,
100,000
3,250,000
1,641,250
Kentucky, .
600,000
1,950,000
984,750
Ohio, ....
Total,
1,711,200
5,561,400
2,808,500
12,897,638
41,917,324
#21,168,246
Messrs Benton and Barry state the average price of wool for each of
ten years as follows : —
Price paid in 1827 averaged 36 cls. per lb. Price paid in 1832 averaged 41 cts. per lb.
1828
u
40
1829
u
29
1830
i(
40i
1831
((
58
1833
u
52^
1834
u
50
1835
((
57
1836
«
58
10'
114
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
The excess of Fine Wool imported over the exports of 1836, was
The excess of Coarse Wool imported over the exports of 1836, was
The quantity of Wool manufactured '
in families, by estimate,
In New Vork,
InPennsylvania,
In Oliio,
Total,
1,390,678 lbs.
10,905,571 lbs.
3,500,000 lbs.
3,000,000 lbs.
2,000,000 lbs.
8,500,000 lbs.
Table showing the Amount of Machinery in Operation in the several
States, and the Variety of Goods produced.
1
Blankets,
States.
Broad-
Cassi-
Satinets.
Flan-
Linseys,
Hats, and
Car-
Total.
cloths.
meres.
nels.
<fcc.
Yarn.
pets.
Maine,
3
15
5
1
24
N. Hampshire,
1
10
19
10
4
43
Vermont,
37 1
23
37
3
100
Massachusetts,
150
59
195
77
18
10
10
519
Rhode Island,
4
16
60
80
Connecticut,
17
4
93
9
15
9
37
184
N.Y.(estim'd.)
100
60
100
40
51
351
N. Jersey,
20
20
Pennsylvania,
18
1
58
19
21
6
123
Del. (estima'd)
3
7
2
8
20
K.&Ten.(do.)
3
15
22
40
Ohio,
Total,
6
3
5
16
30
344
178
574
158
210
24
61
1,549
Recapitulation.
Sets of Machinery for the Manufacture of Broadcloths,
344
Cassimeres, . . 178
Satinets, . . 574
Flannels, . . 158
Jeans, Linseys, &c. 210
Blankets, Yarn, Hats, 24
Carpets, . . 61
Total Kumber of Sets,
1,549
Of these 1,549 sets of machinery, about 150 are supposed by Messrs.
Benton and Barry to be used exclusively for the manufacture of coaise
foreign wool ; and the remainder for that of wool of native growth.
1839.]
BANES.
115
XV. BANKS.
1. Statement of the JYumber and Condition of the Banks in the several
States and Territories, according to Returns nearest January 1, 1837.
[From the Letter of the Secretary of the Treasury, of January 8th, 1838.]
No.
No.of
States.
of
B'ks.
Bran-
ches.
Specie
Funds.
Specie.
Circulation.
Capital.
Maine,
55
$ 387,169
$1,912,418
$ 5,226,700
N. Hampshire,
27
$790,175
1,662,952
2,839,508
Vermont,
19
801,913
76,802
2,086,860
1,125,624
Massachusetts,
117
1,455,230
10,892,249
34,478,110
Rhode Island,
62
243,482
1,864,132
9,837,171
Connecticut,
31
3
282,064
426,290
4,094,681
8,665,607
New York,
98
2
3,268,648
6,557,020
24,198,000
37,101,460
Pennsylvania,
49
3,113,990
13,794,014
23,750,338
New Jersey,
25
496,917
1,918,017
4,142,031
Delaware,
4
4
141,956
718,948
818,020
Maryland,
21
2
1,139,347
3,310,835
10,438,655
D. of Columbia,
7
438,327
1,136,557
2,204,445
Virginia,
5
18
1.624,899
9,107,347
6,731,200
North Carolina,
3
7
883,011
3,319,428
7,223,616
2,525,000
South Carolina,
10
2
1,664,786
8,636,118
Georgia,
16
16
2,860,326
8,058,739
11,438,828!
Alabama,
3
4
1,572,246
7,090,819
7,572,176
Louisiana,
16
31
3,108,416
7,909,788
36,769,455
Mississippi,
9
9
1,369,457
5,073,425
12,872,815
Tennessee,
3
8
378,930
4,272,635
5,092,665
Kentucky,
4
10
1,456.384
4,105,155
7,145,326
Missouri,
1
222,924
Illinois,
2
6
590,794
1,565,373
2,014,760
Indiana,
1
10
1,204,737
1,970,595
1.585,481
Ohio,
32
1
3,153,334
8,326,974
9,247,296
Michigan,
9
2
564,275
1,350,325
1,400,000
Florida,
5
223,700
145,842
774,040
2,113,302
Pen. Bank U. S.
Total,
'
18
2,638,449
11,447,968
35,0( -0,000
634
154
5,366,500
37,915,340
149,185,890
290,772,091
Note. — To complete this table, it has been necessary to take the
returns of the 19 Vermont Banks for January, 1836 ; the returns of 8
Banks in New Jersey for the latter part of 1835, or the early part of
1836; of 1 Bank in South Carolina, of 3 Banks in Georgia, and of 1
Bank in Florida, for the early part of 1836; of one Bank in Mississippi,
and one in Michigan, for the latter part of 1835; and to estifnate the
affairs of one Bank in South Caroliija, and one in Louisiana
116
UNITED STATES.
[1839-
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No. of Capital
Branches, autliorized.
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1839.]
BANES.
117
3. Condensed Statement of the Condition, at different Intervals, of all
the Banks in the United States.
[From the Letter of the Secretary of the Treasury, January 8th, 1838.]
Date.
No. of
Bank.s.
Loans and
Discounts.
Specie. 'Circulation.
Deposits.
Capital.
Jan. 1, 1811
89
_
$ 15,400,000 $ 28,100,000
.
$ 52,601,601
Do. J815
208
-
17,000,000i 45,500,000
-
82,259,590
Do. 1816
246
-
19,000,000] 68,000,000
-
89,822,422
Do. 1820
308
-
19,820,240 44,863,344
$ 35,950,470
137,110,611
Do. 1830
330
$200,451,214
22,114,917 61,323,898
55,559,928
145,192,268
Do. 1834
506
324,119,499
- : 94,839,570
75,666,986
200,005,944
Do. 1835
558
365,163,834
43,937,625 103,692,495
83,081,365
231,250,337
Do. 183C
567
457,506,080
40,019,594! 140.301,038
115,104,440
251,875,292
Do. 1837
634
525,115,702
37,915,340! 149,185,8901 127,397,185
290,772,091
XVI. CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE.
[Extracted from the Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, dated May 5th, 1838.]
The American Dollar contains 371^ grains of pure silver, or 416
grains of standard silver.
The Spanish Dollars are not all of the same weight. Those in circu-
lation, in 1829, were said by the Director of the Mint to be worth, on an
average, 100 cents 3 mills.
The Mexican Dollars are said to be equal to the Spanish.
The -^ Carolus " Dollars are the Spanish dollars coined prior to the
year 1809, in the reigns of Charles III. and Charles IV. They are
said to be not superior in weight and fineness to the Mexican.
The American Eagle of the old coinage, previous to the 31st of July,
1834, contained 247^ grains of pure gold.
The American Eagle of the new coinage contains 232 grains of pure
gold.
The British Sovereign, when coined, contains 113 grains and ^iy-x
parts of a grain of pure gold, worth, according to our present Mint val-
uation, $4.87_7_.
The Spanish Doubloons should, according to the regulations which
have nominally prevailed since the year 1772, contain 376 grains of
pure gold, which would, at our Mint valuation, be worth 16 dollars 20
cents. But, according to assays made at the London and Philadelphia
Mints, previous to the year 1829, Spanish Doubloons contained only
from 360 to 362_A_ grains of pure gold. This would make their aver-
age value, at our Mint valuation, about $ 15.56|.
118 UNITED STATES. [1839.
Tlie Patriot Doubloons are said to be equal in weight and fineness to
the Spanish.
The difference in the price of Spanish and Patriot doubloons, and of
the different species of dollars, at New York and Philadelphia, is
chiefly owing to difference of demand for them in foreign markets.
In the price currents, ^4.441 are assumed as the par of exchange on
England. This practice began when the Spanish pillar dollars were in
circulation, and when the market value of gold, compared with silver,
was less than it is at present. The true par varied as the market value
of gold varied, when compared with silver. It was estimated by Mr.
Gallatin, writing in 1829, at 7 per cent, above the nominal par; by
others, at 8 per cent.
Since the passage of the act of 1834, for reforming the American
gold coinage, the true par exchange with England, estimating gold
against gold, is about ^q above the nominal par.
The quotations of exchange on France are so many francs and cen-
times payable in France for a dollar paid here. According to the
regulations of the French Mint, the silver franc should contain 69.453
troy grains of pure silver, equivalent to 18j^^o cents in silver cur-
rency of the United States. The quantity of pure silver in an Ameri-
can dollar is equal to that in 5 francs 34 y^^g" centimes. But, as foreign
coins are not a legal tender in France, and as a seignorage of about
li per cent, is charged on silver coinage at the French Mint, Ameri-
can dollars, when sold as bullion in France, are said to bring, on an
average, not more than 5 francs 26x|t o" centimes. This is, by some
writers, assumed as the par of exchange on France, Other writers
assume 5 francs 34 centimes as about par.
The quotations of exchange on Holland, are so many cents a guilder ;
on Hamburg, so many cents a mark banco ; and on Bremen, so many
cents a rix dollar.
The exact value of the Guilder of Holland is 39x^0 cents of United
States silver currency ; but 40 cents are usually assumed as the par of
exchange.
The Mark Banco of Hamburg is a money of account, equal to 35-ioo^
cents United States currency.
The Rix Dollar of Bremen is a money of account, equal to 80 cents
and a very small fraction United States currency.
The quotations of foreign exchanges are for bills payable sixty days
afler sight.
The quotations of domestic exchange are for bills payable at sight.
In the following tables, the letter d. stands for discount, and p. for
premium.
1839.]
CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE.
119
1. Rates of Exchange at Philadelphia, on London, Paris, and Amster-
dam, from 1788 to April, 1838, toith the paper Medium of England
valued in Gold, and the London Prices of Standard Gold, and of Span-
ish Dollars per ounce.
Foar
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800*
1801*
1802
1803
1804
1805*
1806*
1807*
1808*
1809*
1810*
181)
1812
1813
1814
18l5t
1816J
1817$
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837,1
18381T
Exchange on
London.
3k p.
■3i p.
•2 d.
•2 p.
d.
4 d.
P-
■4 p.
51 d.
■2 d.
5^ d.
~l d.
il d. to 3p,
I'toSd.
! p,
2 p.
7 d.
1 to 6d.
1 d. to 2i p.
2 d. to 4 p.
■U to 8 p.
lid. to 9^ p.
2i to 7J d.
6"d,
19 d.
16d.
7 d.
I d, to 18 p.
fii to 19 p.
n to 2^ p.
par to 2 p.
1 d. to 3 p.
i d. to 31 p.
li to m p.
H to 13 p.
5'to m p.
■ to Uip.
5 to 101 p.
7i to 121 p.
10 to 111 p.
91 to 11 p.
8i to 10 p.
6 to 9f p.
6 to 10% p.
7 to 11 p.
5 to 9 p.
2 d. to 8 p.
71 to 10 p.
7 tolO^p. I
7 to 21 p.
8 to 12 p. '
Paris.
3 p.
3 p.
l^p.
10 d.
22 d.
33 p.
12 to 23 p.
par to 9k p.
'* p.
* p.
6d.
6 d. to par
par to 2| p.
2.Vd.to3^p
2id.to2ip
l|d. to2|p,
3 d. to i p.
1 d. to 2^ p.
n to 21 p.
% d. to 21 p.
3 d. to 4 p.
I d. to 2% p.
2id. tolip.
% to 4| d.
f to 7 d.
3id.tolip.
l|d. to 11 p.
lid.to9i p.
If d. to 21 p.
Amsterdam.
2ip.
■2i p.
2i p.
Qf p.
P P-
^ p.
par
5 d.
7^ d.
2 p.
par
22 p.
71 to 20 p.
I d, to 7k p.
61 d.
1 d. to par
par to U p.
1 d. to ik p.
I d. to li p.
li to 3 p'.
Hd. to lip,
par to 31 p.
U to 3 p.
I| d. to 21 p.
3^ d. to par
II d. to 21 p.
21 d. to 31 p.
i"d. to 21 p.
11 to 5 d".
5 d. to 1^^ p.
21 d. to 2^ p.
par to 121^ p.
par to 3^ p.
Paper Medi-
um of Eng-
land valued
in Gold.
par
bi d.
8i d.
•2i d.
•2i
2*
2*
^*
^
13+ d.
8 d.
m d-
25 d.
6 to 26i^ d.
1 to 5 d.
1 to 2i d,
31 to 5i d.
41 d. to par
par
London Price
of Standard
Gold per oz.
in Shillings
sterling.
77 06
77 06
77 06
77 06
77 06
77 06
77 06
77 06
77 06
77 06 to 77 lOi
77 10=^ to 77 09
77 09"to 77 07
77 10^
85
84
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
90
84 06
95 06
101
104
83 to 106
78 06 to 82
78 06 to 80 1-
80 06 to 81 06 5
77 101 to 81 06 5
77 lOi 1 4
77 lOi 1 4
77 lOi to 77 06 4
77 06 |4
77 06 to 77 09 4
77 06 to 77 10^ 4
77 06 j4
77 05 4
I77 09 to 77 10*1 4
177 09 to 77 101 4
|77 09 to 77 10|i4
77 09 to 77 10^{4
77 09 to 77 10^ 4
77 09 to 77 10a
77 09 to 77 lOi.
77 09 to 77 lOx
77 09 to 77 m
11 09 to 77 m
11 09 to 77 10^
London Price
of Spanish
Dolls, peroz.
in Shillings
sterling.
04
04
02
03
OOi to 5 02
00| to 5 02
03 to 5 05
— to 4 11
111 to 5 01
11^ to 5 04^
02 to 5 05
10 to 5 06^
11 to 5 00
05^ to 5 07
— to 5 09
09 to 5 11
03 to 5 04^
02^ to 5 06
00 to 5 07
01 to 5 08
to 5 05^
to5 06|
to 5 07
to 5 07
— to 5 08^
10^ to 6 Ol|
06 to6 08i
Hi to 7 OOi
06 to 5 07
03 to 6 09
— 4 10
— 5 04
05 to 5 06
02 to 5 09
101 to 5 02
09" to 4 11
09 to 4 10
08f to 4 09^
091 to 4 lOi
101 to 4 111
08| to 4 11
091 to 4 101
09J to 4 llj
08| to 4 09j
08i to 4 09f
091 to 4 104
08jto4 11i
* The quotations for these years at Philadelphia being wanting, those at Boston
are inserted instead.
t Philadelphia currency 5 to 16 discount,
t Do. 7 to 16 do.
$ Do. A^ discount to par.
I Do. par to 12 discount.
IT Do. 3 to 6 discount.
120
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
2. Table showing the Highest and Lowest Rates of Exchange at A'ew
York on London, at CO days after sight, and on Boston, Philadelphia,
Charleston, and New Orleans, at sight ; and of American Gold of the
Old and JVew Coinage, Sovereigns, Spanish Doubloons, Spanish Dol-
lars, and Five Franc pieces, in each year, from January, 1825, to
May \st, 1838.
Bills on
1825.
1826.
1827.
1828. 1829.
London,
4f to 11 p.
Ik to 12 p.
9^ to 11^ p.
9^ to 11^ p. 8 to 10 p.
Boston,
par to i d.
par to ^ d.
k d. to par
par to h d.ii to i d.
Philadelphia,
par to i d.
J to k d.li to i d. par to 1 d.]^ to h d.|
Charleston,
J to 3 d.
I to 3 d. H to 2 d. I to 3^ d.
U to 2^ d.
N. Orleans,
i p. to 2J d.
1 to 3 d. par to 3 d. par to 3 d.
Tto 2i d.
Amer. Gold,
1 to 6 p.
2J^ to 6^ p. 4^ to 7* p. 5 to 7 p.
3 to 6" p.
Span. Doubl.,
$15.50 to 16. 12=^
15.50 to 15.87 15.50 to' 16.65 15.70 to 16.50
15.40 to 16.30
Sovereigns,
2A to 10 p.
6 to 11^ p. 8^ to 11 p.
8* to 10 p.
7 to 9 p.
Spanish Dolls.
h to 2i p.
par to 1 p. par to 1 p.
i to 1 p.
par to i p.
5 Franc pieces
1^ to 2 p.lU to 2i p.
par to 2 p.
Bills on
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
London,
6 to ^k p.
6i to 11 p.
Ih to lOi p.
5 to 8^ p.
2 d. to 7i p.
Boston,
i to f d.
par to ^ d.
i"to i ■ d.
^ d. to i p.
par
Philadelphia,
i to i d.
par to k d.
i to 1 d.
i to i d.
i to - d.
Charleston,
1 to 2 d.
k to 1^' d.
1 to 2 d.
2 d.
1^ to 2 d.
N. Orleans,
1 to li d.
I to 1^ d.
1 to li d.
1 to li d.
1 to li d.
Amer. Gold,
2 to 4^ p.
3 to 6 p.
2^ to 6 p.
2 to 4| p.
i to 6i p.
Am. n. coin..
-
-
-
~ ~
par
Span. Doubl.
$15.10 to 16.00
15.30 to 16.10
15.75 to 16.70
16.15 to 17.45
15.50 to 16.60
Sovereigns,
4 to 9 p.
5 to 10 p.
6i to 9i p.
4i to ^ p.
2 to 8 p.
Span. Dolls.
par
par to U p.
k to 21 p.
k to 4i p.
par to 3i p.
5 Franc pieces
par to % p.
par to 2| p.
par to 2 p.
par
93 to 93i cts.
Bills on
1835.
1836.
1837.
1838.
London,
6i to IC
) p.
6i to 10 p.
7^ to 22 p.
4^ to lOj p.
Boston,
par
par to % d.
par to 2 d.
par to 2 d.
Philadelphia,
i to -
d.
par to i d
pr.r to 1^ ■ d.
U to 5 d.
Charleston,
i to 1
d.
^ to 2 d.
2i to 5 d. 2 to 8 d.
New Orleans,
i to 1
d.
^ to 4 d.
3"to 10 d. 2 to 12 d.
American Gold,
^ to -
P-
6^ to - p.
(3J to 16 p. 7 to 9 p.
Amer., new coinage,
par
par
par to 12 p. k to 5 p.
Sovereigns,
$4.84 to
4.85i:
4.84 to 4.86
4.84 to 5.47^ 4.85 to 5.06
Spanish Doubloons,
$16.12i
to 17.00
10.00 to 17.25
10.30 to 18.25 15.90 to 17,35
Spanish Dollars,
1 to 5
P-
2^ to 6 p.
2 to 15 p. 1 to 7 p.
Five Franc pieces,
95 to 9^
li
93i: to 95
94 to 106 93 to 96
Remarks. — The rates of exchange, and the value of the paper me-'
dium of England, have been taken from a table appended (o the Letter
of the Secretary of the Treasury, of May 29th, 1830.
From the same table has been taken the price of standard gold at ;]
London from 1800 to 1814. The London prices of standard gold, from
1790 to 1800, and of Spanish dollars, from 1790 to 1814, have been
taken from Marshall's " Statistics of the British Empire."
1839.J
CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE.
121
The rates of exchange from 1815 to 1828, the value of the paper me-
dium of Philadelphia from 1815 to 1818, and the London price of stand-
ard gold from 1815 to 1825, have been taken from a table appended to
the Treasury Report of May 29, 1830.
In forming that table, 5 francs 26 centimes were assumed as the par
of exchange on Paris, and 40 cents a guilder, as the par of exchange on
Amsterdam.
The prices of Spanish dollars in London from 1815 to 1818, have been
taken from Marshall's " Statistics of the British Empire."
The prices of standard gold at London from 1826 to 1832, and of
Spanish dollars at London from 1819 to 1832, have been taken from the
" Report from the Committee of Secrecy on the Bank of England
Charter."
From the " Report of the Select Committee on the Royal Mint," or-
dered to be printed June 30, 1837, it appears, that, though standard gold
has been steadily quoted in the price-currents since the year 1832, at 77
shillings and 9 pence per ounce, it is not unfrequenlly sold at 77 shil-
lings and 10^ pence. On this authority, and that of some late English
papers, the price of gold is represented in the table as having been
the same from 1833 to 1838, that it was from 1829 to 1832.
XVlI. Table, exhibiting the Seats of Government, the Times of Holding
the Election of State Officers, and the Times of the Meeting of the Legis-
latures of the several States.
States.
Seats of Govern-!
i ment. I
Times of Holding
Elections.
Maine,
N. Hampshire,
Vermont,
Massachusetts,
Rhode Island,
Connecticut,
JNew York,
New Jersey,
Pennsylvania,
Delaware,
Maryland,
Virginia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Georgia,
Alabama,
Mississippi,
Louisiana,
Tennessee,
Kentucky,
Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois,
Missouri,
Michigan,
Arkansas,
Augusta,
Concord,
Montpelier,
Boston,
( Providence,
/ and Newport,
Hart.& N. Hav
Albany,
Trenton,
Harrisburg,
Dover,
Annapolis,
Richmond,
Raleigh,
Columbia,
Milledgeville,
Tuscaloosa,
Jackson,
New Orleans,
Nashville,
Frankfort,
Columbus,
Indianapolis,
Vandalia,
Jefferson City,
Detroit,
Little Rock, [
|2d Monday in Sept.
2d Tuesday in March,
1st Tuesday in Sept.
!2d Monday in Nov.
|Gov. & Sen. in April,
Rep. in April and Aug.
1st Monday in April,
1st Monday in Nov.
2d Tuesday in Oct.
2d Tuesday in Oct.
2J Tuesday in Nov.
1st Wednesday in Oct.
Last Thurs. in April,
Commonly in August,
2d Monday in Oct.
1st Monday in Oct.
1st Monday in Aug.
1st Monday in Nov.
1st Monday in July,
1 1st Thursday in Aug.
list Monday in August,
i2d Tuesday in October,
list Monday in August,
1st Monday in August,
1st Monday in August,
Ist Monday in Oct. i
1st Monday in Oct. {
Times of the Meeting of the
Legislatures.
Ist Wednesday in January.
1st Wednesday in June.
j2d Thursday in October.
1 1st Wednesday in January.
1st Wed. May and in June,
last Wed. in Oct. & in January.
1st Wednesday in May.
1st Tuesday in January.
4th Tuesday in October.
1st Tuesday in January.
1st Tuesday in Jan. biennially,
last Monday in December.
1st Monday in December.
2d Monday in Nov. bienn.
4th Monday in November.
Ist Monday in November.
Ist Monday in December.
1st Monday in Jan. bienn.
1st Monday in January.
1st Monday in Oct. bienn.
1st Monday in December.
1st Monday in December,
list IMonday in December.
1st Monday in Dec. bienn.
1st Monday in Nov. bienn.
1st Monday in January.
2d Monday in Nov. bienn.
11
V2Q UNITED STATES. [1839.
XVIII. Governors of the several States and Territories,
JJ'/th their Salaries, Term of Office, Expiration of their respective Terms ;
the JVumhfr of Senators and Eepresentatites in the State Legislatures,
with their respective Terms,
Gov.
Term
ex-
Sena-
Term
. . .
Term
States.
Governors.
Salary.
Term,
pirea.
tors.
Y'rs.
Ill
V'rs.
1,500
Years.
aS-
1
Maine.
Hdward Kent,
Jan.
1839
25
1
187
N. H.
Isaac Hill,
1,200
June
1839
12
1
234
1
Vt.
Samuel Jenison,
750
Oct.
1838
30
233
1
Mass.*
Edward Everett,
3.6t3(i§
Jan.
1839
40
1
508
1
R. 1.
William Sprague,
400
May
1839
10
1
72
h
Conn.
VV. W. Ellsworth.
1,100
May
1839
21
1
208
1
N. Y.
Wm. L. Marcy,
4,000
2
Jan.
1«39
32
4
128
1
N.J.
\V\ S. Pennington,
2,000
1
Oct.
1838
14
1
50
1
Penn.
Joseph Ritner,
4,000
3
Jan.
1839
33
3
100
1
Del.
C. P. Comegys,
1,3331
3
Jan.
1841
9
4
21
2
Md.
Th. W. Veazey,
2,G0f)§
3
Jan.
1839
21
5
79
1
Va.
David Campbell,
3,333|
2
Mar.
1840
32
4
134
1
N. C.
Ed. B. Dudley,
2.000
2
Jan.
1839
50
2
120
2
s. c.
Pierce M. Butler,
3.5O0
3
Dec.
1838
45
4
124
2
Ga.
George R. Gilmer,
4,000
2
Nov.
1839
90
1
185
1 1
Ala.
Arthur P. Bagby,
3,500
2
Dec.
1839
30
3
98
1
Mp.
A. G. McNutt,
3,000
2
Jan.
1840
30
4
9i
2
La.
A. B. Roman,
7.500
4
Jan.
1843
17
4
50
2
Tenn.
Newton Cannon,
2,000
2
Oct.
1839
25
2
75
2
Ken.
James Clark,
2,500
4
Sept.
1840
38
4
100
1
Ohio,
Joseph Vance,
1,500
2
Dec.
1838
36
2
72
1
Ind.
David Wallace,
1,500
3
Dec.
1840
30
3
62
1
ill.
Joseph Duncan,
1,000
4
Dec.
1838
40
4
91
2 1
Mo.
L. W. Boggs,
1,500
4
Nor.
1840
18
4
49
2
Mich.
Stevens T.Mason,
2,000
2
Jan.
1840
16
2
50
1
Ark.
James S. Conway,
2,000
4
Nov.
1840
17
4
54
2
Territ.
Fl.
Richard K. Call,
2,500
3
April
1839
27
1
Wise.
Henry Dodge,
2.500
3
May
1839
26
2
Iowa,
Robert Lucas,
2,500
3
July
1841
26
1
In all the States except JVcio Jersey, Virginia, and South Carolina,
the Governor is voted for by the people ; and if no one has a majority
of all the votes, in the States in which such a majority is required, the
legislature elects to the office of Governor, one of the candidates voted
for by the people. In the State of Louisiana, the people give their
voles, and the le<^islature elects one of the two candidates who have
the greatest number of votes.
The Governors of the Territories are appointed by the President of
the United States, with the consent of the Senate, for the term of three
years.
* According to the Constitution of Massachusetts as now amended, the authorized
ayerage number of Representatives for the next succeeding 10 years, is 508 and ^
lOths.
1809.] POPULATION.
XIX. POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES,
Accor diner to the Five Enumerations ; from the Official Revision
123
States.
1790.
Maine,
New Hampshire,
Vermont,
Massachusetts,
Rhode Island,
Connecticut,
New York,
New Jersey,
Pennsylvania,
Delaware,
Maryland,
Virginia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Georgia,
Alabama,
Mississippi,
Louisiana,
Tennessee,
Kentucky,
Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois,
Missouri,
Michigan Territory!
Arkansas "
Dist. of Columbia
Florida Territory,
Total,
96,540
141.89!)
85,416
378,717
69,110
238,141
340,120
184,139
434,373
59,098
319,728
748,308
393,751
249,073
82,548
35,791
73,077
1800.
151,719
183,762
154.465
423,245
69,122
251,002
586,756
211,949
602,365
64,273
341,548
880.200
478,103
345,591
162,10]
8,850
105,602
220,955
45,305
4,875
14,093
1810.
1820.
1830.
228,705
214,360
217,713
472,040
77,031
262.042
959,949
249,555
810,091
72,674
380,546
974,622
555,500
415,115
252,433
20,845
40,352
76,556
261,727
406,511
230.760
24^520
12.2S2
20,845
4,762
24,0231
298,335i
244.161
235,764!
523.287
83,059
275,202,
1,372,812
277,575
1,049,458,
72,749'
407,350 i
1,065,379'
638,829
502,741 [
340,987;
127,90]'
75,448
153,407
422,8131
564 317|
581,434
147,178!
55,21l|
66.586|
8;896]
14,273
33,039
399,955
269.328
280,652
610,408
97.199
297,665
1,918,608
320,823
1,348.233
76,748
447,040
1,211,405
737,987
581,185
516,823
309.527
136.621
215,739
681.904
687,917
937,903
343,031
157,455
140,445
31639
30,388
39,834
34.730
3,929,827 5,305,925 7,239,814 9,638,131 12,866,920
; H
I ^ 0}
♦J
Q «
S s
R &
l«
O -.r T CC O 'T o CJ >-<
r-^ -rr Oi ri 7i -> — ."^r-l
O '.S O! iC C-5_— C^^^tS GO a0_O_r.<_r-;_ i-i 05 (>J
c — « — i-"^ c; r- o — u<
(M;c— < 00 — C^O f^ci — Ci
-■I o -o >n lO u " ^..'^
o 00 o o — • — rt -T' vr r: in -.s -o — -t;
O OO t^ C (?) ~ -^ ~ f^ 1^ — f^ !?< •'■ '''
ITS --H o irt CI 7) r: X ~ ct r- c; '-3
!-( Ci t^ r^ '3^r-;_oq_o.'r_in_s_(?<^
at -T — " c^" x' c-f c<f =" f-" sf
ci — I o =; o o cj
I I— I (^ i-s •
. O c^ h E-" ^
. w y . • . . c c .2
124
UNITED STATES. [1839.
XXI. COLLEGES IN THE
Mame.
Place.
Bowdoin, Brunswick,
VValerville,* VVaterville,
Dartmouth, Hanover,
University of Vermont, i Burlington,
Middlebury, jMiddlebury,
Norwich Univeisity, Norwich,
Harvard University, iCambridge,
Williams, VVilliamstown,
Amherst, lAmhersi,
Brown University,* | Providence,
Yale, iNew Haven,
Washington,! [Hartford,
Wesleyan University,! jMiddletown,
Columbia,! ]New York,
Union, |Schenectady,
Hamilton, Clinton,
Hamilton Lit. and Theol.* Hamilton,
Geneva,t Geneva,
University of New York, New York,
College of New Jersey, I'rincelon,
Rutgers, Now Brunswick,
University of Pennsyl. i Philadelphia,
Dickinson,! Carlisle,
Jefferson, jCanonsburg,
Washington, [Washington,
26i Allegheny,! Meadville,
27jVVestern University, Pittsburg,
28, Pennsylvania, 'Getiysburg,
29i Lafayette, JEuston,
30 Marshall, Mercersburg,
31| Newark, Newark,
32 St. John's, Annapolis,
33|St. Marv's,(S Baltimore,
34 Mount St. Mary's,^ Emmitsburg,
35 Mount Hope, Near Baltimore,
36lGeorgetown,$ Geori;elown,
37|Columbian,* Washington,
38|VVilIiam and Mary,t Williamsburg,
3li,Hampden-Sidney, Prince Ed. Co.
40 Washington, Lexington,
41 University of Virginia, iCharlottesville,
42 Randolph-Macon,! Bovdton,
43'Univer3ity of N. Carolina, Chapel-Hill,
Presidents.
Foun-
ded.
44 Davidson,
45 College of S. Carolina,
46, University of Georgia,
47lOglethorpe,
48 University of Alabama,
49 Lagrange,!
50 Spring Hill,$
51 Jefferson,
52 Oakland,
53 Mississippi,
54 Louisiana,
55 Jefferson,
56 Greeneville,
57 Washington,
58 University of Nashville,
59 East Tennessee,
6i) Jackson,
61 Transylvania,
62 St. Joseph's,^
63 Centre,
64 Augusta,!
65 Cumberland,
66 Bacon,*
67 St. Mary's,^
Mocklenberg Co.
Columbia,
Athens,
Midway,
Tuscaloosa,
Lagrange,
Spring Hill,
Washington,
Oakland,
Clinton,
Jackson,
St. James,
Greeneville,
Washington Co.
Nashville,
Knoxville,
Near Columbia,
Lexington,
Bardslown,
Danville,
Augusta,
Princeton,
Georgetown,
Marion Co.
Me. William Allen, D. D.
do. Robert E. Pattison,
N. H. Nathan Lord, D. D.
Vt. John Wheeler, D. U.
do. Joshua Bates, D. D.
do. Alden Partridge, A. M.
Mass. Josiah Quincy, LL. D.
do. Mark Hopkins, D. D.
do. Meman Humphrey, D. D.
R. L Francis VVayland, D. D.
Con. Jeremiah Day, D. D.
do. Silas Totten, D. D.
do. VVilbur Fisk, D. D.
N. Y.lWilliam A. Duer, LL. D.
do. lEIiphalet Nott, D. D.
do. Joseph Penney, D. D.
do. Nath'l Kcndrick, D. D.
do. Benjamin Hale, D. D.
do. J M. Matthews, D. D.
N. J. James Carnahan, D. D.
do. Philip Milledoler, D. D.
Penn. John Ludlow, D. D.
do. John P. Durbin, A. M.
do. Matthew Brown, D. D.
do. David McConaughy, D. D,
do. Martin Rutcr, D. D.
do. Gilbert Moriian, A. M.
do. C. P. Krauth, A. M.
do. George Judkin, D. D.
do. iF. A. Ranch, P. D.
Del. 'Richard S. Mason, D. D.
ftld. Hector Humphrey, D. D.
do. John J. Chanche,
do. Thomas R. Butler,
do. Frederick Hall, M. D.
D. C. Thomas F. Mulledy,D.D.
do. Stephen Cliapin, D. D.
Va. Thomas R. Dew,
do. Daniel Carroll, D. D.
do. Henry Ruffner,
do. !G. Harrison, M.D. Chairm
do. Stephen Olin, D. D.
N. C; David L. Swain,
do. :R. H. Morrison,
S. C. [Robert W. Barnwell,
Geo. I Alonzo Church, D. D.
do. C. P. Beman,
Ala. Basil Manly, D. D.
do. Robert Payne, A. M. I
do. John Bazin,
Mp. IC. L. Dubuisson, A. M.
do. Jeremiah Chamberlin,D,D.
do. jE. N. Elliott, A. M.
La. James Shannon,
do. jTh. R. Ingalls,
Tenn. Henry Hoss, Esq.
do. ;James Maclin,
do. Philip Lindsley, D. D.
do. Joseph Estabrook, A. M.
do. Benjamin Laberee, A. AL
Ken. : i
do. |Georgo A. M. Elder,
do. John C. Young, A. M.
do. ''•CO. C. Tornliiison, A. RL'
do. iF. R. Cossit,
do. |E. S.Burnet, I
do. I Peter Chazelle, {
i \z
1794
1820
1770
1791
1800
lf<.34
1638
1793
1821
1764
1700
1824 ,
1831
1754
1795
1812 1.
1819
1823
1831
1746
1770
1755
1833
1802
1806
la33
1819
18;i2
18.32
1836
1833
1784
1799
16:}0
18:{2
17b9
1821
1693
1783
1812
1819
1832
1791
1837
1804
1785
18:38
1823
1831
1830
1802
1831
1830
1825
1831
1794
1794
1806
1807
1830
1798
1819
1822
1825
1825
1836
1822
1839.]
UNITED STATES.
COLLEGES.
135
Inst-
No. 0.
Vols, in
Vols, in
ruct-
No. of
Minis-
Stud-
Collcgo
Stud'ts'
Commencement.
ers.
Alumni.
ters.
ents.
Lib'ries.
Lib'ries.
1
9
569
62
124
8,000
4,500
First Wednesday in t^eptomber.
2
8
116
30
80
4,500
1,500
First Wednesday in August.
3
12
1,883
627
231
6,000
8,500
Last Wednesday in July.
4
8
224
,
105
6,200
3,000
First \\'ednesday in August.
5
7
678
245
157
2,330
3,100
Tliird Wednesday in August.
6
4
80
1,000
,
Wed. before 3d 'I'iiurs. in Aug.
7
30
5,321
1,344
219
44,000
4,500
Fourth Wednesday in August.
8
8
1,134
331
120
3,000
3,200
Third Wednesday in August.
9
12
464
137
20G
4,300
6,250
Fourth Wednesday in August,
10
10
1,253
450
187
G,OOU
5,600
First Wednesday in September.
11
31
4,485
1,297
403
10,500
15,000
Third Wednesday in August.
12
8
115
42
54
2,000
2,500
First Tliursday in August.
13
7
,
135
3,000
.
First Wednesday in Augu<:t.
14
11
1,700
99
8.000
6,000
Day after 1st Monday in Oct.
15
10
1,600
308
301
5,350
8,920
Fourth Wednesday in July.
16
7
270
69
101
2,500
3,700
Fourth Wednesday in August.
17
8
140
65
1,600
.
Tiiird Wednesday in August.
18
12
18
" 9
28
1,200
1,500
First Wednesday in August.
19
17
226
Third Wednesday in July.
20
13
2,183
444
240
7^000
4,000
Last Wednesday in September.
21
6
254
39
93
3,000
3,500
Third Wednesday in July.
23
13 ,
850
107
2,000
3,000
The 15tl., IGth, or 17lh of July.
23
8
128
3,000
5,500
Third Thursday in July.
24
9
511
S
CO
171
1,000
3,500
Last Thursday in September.
25
5
146
107
2,400
.
Last Wednesday in September.
26
5
10
38
8,000
.
27
45
225
.
(Not now in operation.)
28
4
118
500
,
29
9
72
425
,
Last Tuesday in Sept.
30
4
49
,
.
Last Wednesday in August.
31
7
4
2
55
600
600
Fourth Wednesday in Sept.
32
7
668
108
2,700
600
The 22d of February.
33
25
187
190
12,000
Third Tuesday in July.
34
26
21
131
7,000
2,500
Last week in June.
35
7
45
.
36
17
90
134
12,000
Near the last of July.
37
8
40
4,000
.
First Wednesday in October.
38
5
111
3,600
650
July 4tli.
39
4
60
5,000
3,200
Fourth \Vednesday in Sept.
40
4
390
40
1,500
.
Last Thursday in June.
41
9
118
230
15,000
350
July 4th.
42
6
103
,
Third Wednesday in June.
43
8
576
145
3,000
7,000
Last Thuisday in June.
44
3
.
45
9
150
10,000
.
First Monday in December.
46
9
323
127
4,500
3,000
First Wednesday in August.
• 47
6
48
6
36
4
101
3,500
1,000
Wednesday after 1st Mond. Dec.
49
6
20
144
200
800
50
8
85
,
51
5
50
2,000
52
4
100
,
.
53
9
60
1,000
Last Thursday in June.
54
9
2
25
1,200
250
Second Wednesday in June.
55
7
138
1,000
.
56
2
110
43
4,000
Third Wednesday in Sept.
57
1
100
35
500
.
58
6
168
125
2,200
3,500
First Wednesday in October.
59
2
90
3,000
200
First Thursday in October.
60
6
3
100
1,250
.
61
15
600
"50
62
2,400
2,000
Last Wednesday in September.
62
15
80
3
130
5,000
.
August Ist.
63
8
66
1,600
.
Thursday after 3d Wed. in Sept.
64
6
60
75
2,000
500
Thursday after 1st Wed. in Aug.
65
3
28
72
500
First Wednesday in December.
66
8
203
1,200
,
Last Friday in September.
67
8
•
•
Last week in July.
IV
126
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
COLLEGES IN THE
Name.
Place.
Presidents.
Foun-
ded.
68 Jiniversity of Ohio,
69Miuini University,
70 Franklin,
71! Western Reserve,
72 Kenyoi),t
73;Granvillo,*
74, Marietta,
75 Obeiiin Inst.,
76 Cincinnati,
77 Woodward,
78 Indiana,
79iSoutl] Hanover,
80]Wabash,
81 Illinois,
82'Shurtleff,*
83jMcKendrean,J
84t.McDonough,
85 University of St. Louis,^
86;St. IMary's,<^
87 i Marion,
88iColumbia,
89 St. Cliarles.t
9ll Fayette,
91 Michigan University,
g^jMarshall,
Athens,
Ohio,'
Oxford,
do. 1
New Athens,
do.
Hudson,
do. 1
Gambier,
do. i
Granville,
do.
Marietta,
do.
Oberlin,
do.
Cincinnati,
do.
Cincinnati,
do.
Bloomington,
Ind.
South Hanover,
do.
Craw fords ville,
do.
'Jacksonville,
11.
Up. Alton,
do.
Lebanon,
do.
Macomb,
do.
St. Louis,
Mo.
Barrens,
do.
New Palmyra,
do.
jColumbia,
do.
St. Charles,
do.
Fayette,
do.
Ann Arbor,
Mich.
do.
Robert G. Wilson, D. D.
R. H. Bishop, D. D.
Joseph Smith,
George E. Pierce, A. M.
C. P. Mcllvaine, D. D.
John Pratt,
Joel H. Linslcy, A. M.
Asa Mahan,
Wm. H. McGuffy,
B. P. W. Aydelotte, D. D.
Andrew VVylie, D. D.
D. ftlcCauley,
Elihu W. Baldwin, A. xM.
Edward Beecher, A. M.
John A. Mcrrell, A. M.
P. J. Verhaegen,
John M. Odin,
Wra. S. Potts,
W. Fielding,
' Archibald Patterson,
John P. Cleaveland,
1821
1809
1825
1826
1826
1832
1832
1834
1819
1827
1829
1833
1330
1835
1834
1837
1829
1830
1831
1835
1837
Remarks.
The Colleges marked thus (*) are under the direction of the Baptists; thus (f) Epis-
copalians; thus (I) Methodists ; thus ($) Catholics.
With respect to the Colleges which are unmarked, the prevailing religious influence
of those that are in the New England States, is Congregationalism ; of the most of
the others, Presbyterianism. Norwich University, Vt., is an institution recently estab-
lished by the UniversalLsts.
By students in the above table, with respect to the New England Colleges and many
of the others, is meant undergraduates, or members of the four collegiate classes ; not
including such as arc pur£uing professional education, or such as are members of a
preparatory department : but the greater part of the students in the Catholic Colleges,
and also in many of the other Southern and Western Colleges, belong to the preparatory
department ; and in some of the new colleges in the Western States, all or ncaily all
the students enumerated, belong to the preparatory department.
The whole number of students, on the Catalogue, including those of theology, law,
and medicine, as well as undergraduates, in Harvard University in 1838, was 382 j in
Yale College, 564. In the University of Pennsylvania, in 1837, in the Collegiate De-
partment, 100, in the Academical Department, 139 ; and in the Medical Department,
401 ; — total, 640.
The Hamilton Literary and Tlieological Institution, at Hamilton, N. Y"., is a Baptist
seminary, designed for educating young men for the ministry ; but does not confer
degrees, ihougb it has a collegiate department with four regular classes, and a course
of college studies for four years. Number of students, according to the catalogue of
1837- 8, theological depaitment, 16} collegiate department, 65 j academical depart-
ment, 45 ; shorter course, 31 : — total, 157.
Some of the Colleges above enumerated, are not in full operation ; and scarcely
deserve a place in the Table. Several other Colleges have been incorporated, which
are not yet fully organized.
1839.]
COLLEGES.
127
UNITED STATES. (Continued.)
Inst-
No.
of
Vols, in
Vols, in
ruct-
No. of Min
is-
Stud-
College
Stud'ts'
Commencement.
68
ers.
6
Alumni. tc
3.
ents.
Lib'ries.
Lib'ries.
100
34
41
1,300
1,200
Thurs. after 3d Tues. in Sept.
69
7
198
60
88
1,618
2,671
2d Thursday in August.
70
6
84
7
83
500
1,000
Last Wednesday in September.
71
8
30
51
3,500
600
Fouith VV'ednt'sday in August.
72
15
61
8
56
4,643
3,156
First Wednesday in Sept.
73
5
, ^ ,
12
3,000
,
Second Wednesday in August.
74
8
• i •
"50
3,000
500
Last Wednesday in July.
75
8
, ,
95
,
,
76
8
.
84
,
,
Last Monday in June.
77
5
, ,
10
,
500
78
6
10
1
120
600
400
Ijast Wednesday in September.
79
6
4
120
80
5
2
95
,
2d Wednesday in July.
81
5
7
64
1,500
500
3d Wednesday in September.
82
3
, 1
2
60
1,000
,
Third Wednesday in July.
83
4
^ '
2
70
,
,
84
,
85
]5
9
200
7,.500
^
July 31st.
86
15
5
124
6,000
,
Near the last of September.
87
5
,
33
1,000
^
Last Thursday in June.
88
3
.
.
89
3
,
70
,
,
90
2
,
75
,
,
91
,
92
*
■
Vacations in Colleges in the United States.
1.
Com., 3 weeks ; — 2. Friday after 3d Wed. Dec, 8 weeks j — 3.
Friday after 3d Wed. May, 2 weeks.
1. Com., 5 weeks : — 2. 2d Wed. Dec, 8 weeks.
1. Com., 4 weeks; 2. Last Mond. Dec, 65 weeks; — 3. Thursday
preceding the last Wed. May, 2^ weeks.
1. Com., 4 weeks; — 2. 1st Wed. Jan. 8 weeks.
1. Com., 4 weeks ; — 2. last Wed. Nov., 1 week; — 3. 2d Wed. Feb.,
2 weeks ; — 4. 3d Wed. May, 2 weeks.
1. (Two terms of 20 weeks eaci) from the end of the 1st term, 6
weeks ; — 2. from the end of the 2d term to Friday after Com-
mencement, 6 weeks.
1. Com., 4 weeks; --2. 3d Wed. Dec, 6 weeks; — 3. 1st Wed.
May, 3 weeks.
1. Com., 6 weeks; —2. 2d Wed. Jan., 2 weeks; — 3. 1st Wed.
May, 4 weeks.
1. Dec 10, 3 weeks; — 2. March 31, 3 weeks j — 3. July 21, till
Commencement.
1. Com., 6 weeks; — 2. 1st Wed. Jan., 2 weeks; — 3. last Wed.
April, 4 weeks.
1. Com., 7 weeks; — 2. Thursday befoie Christmas, 2 weeks; —
3. Thursday before 12tii Apiil, 3 weeks.
1. Wed. before Christmas, 8 weeks; — 2. preceding com., 4 weeks.
1. From August 1, to the First Monday in October.
1. Com., 6 weeks; — 2. in Dec. 4 weeks; — 3. in April, 4 weeks.
1. Com., 7 weeks ; — 2. Dec 4 weeks from Wed. before Christmas;
— 3. .3d Wed. April, 4 weeks.
1. Com,, 6 weeks ; — 2. at Christmas and New Year, 2 weeks; —
3. in April, 3 weeks.
1. Com., 6 weeks ; — 2. l.«t Thurs. after 2d Tues. in April, 5 weeks.
1. Com., to Sept. 15; —2. Dec. 21 to Jan. 7 ; — 3. April 7 to May 1.
1. Com., 6 weeks ; — 2. Dec. 2 weeks ; — 3. April, 2 weeks.
1. Com. to the loth of Sept. ; — 2. Friday beforo April 1st, 2 weeks.
]. Month of October ;— 2. Month of April.
1. Month of October ; — 2. Month of May.
1. Good Friday, 10 days ; — 2. Last Wed. in July to the 1st Monday
in Sept. ; — 3. Dec. 23d to 1st Monday in Jan.
St. Mary's. 1. Com. to the Ist Monday in Sept.
Bowdoio.
Waterville.
Dartmouth.
Vermont Univ.
Middlebury.
Harvard.
Williams.
Amherst.
Brown.
Yale.
Washington.
Wesleyan Univ.
Columbia.
Union.
Hamilton.
Geneva.
College of N. J.
Rutgers.
Penn. University.
Dickinson.
Jefferson,
Washington.
St. John's.
128
Mt. St. Mary's. ],
Coluinbiuu. 1.
Williiim and Mary. 1
Hanip. Sydney. 1,
Washington. 1
Univ. Virginia. ],
Univ. N. Carolina, ]
Coll. S. Carolina. 1.
Univ. Georgia. ].
UNITED STATES.
[1839.
39. il
Univ. of Alabama.
Mis.sisriijipi.
Louisiana.
Greeiieville.
Nashville.
E. Tennessee.
Transylvania.
Centie.
Augusta.
Cunibeiland.
St. Josej)h's.
Georgetown.
Univ. of Ohio.
Miami.
Western Reserve.
Kenyon.
Cincinnati.
Marietta.
Indiana.
Illinois.
July 1 to August 16.
Com. to 1st VV'ed. Nov. ; — 2. 1st Wed. May to Ist Wed. in July.
Com. to the last Monday in October.
From 4th Wed. Sept. to Jst Nov.; — 2. 4th Thurs. April to Ist
June.
Last Thurs. in June to 1st Sept. — A recess of 9 days at Christmas.
July 20 to September 10.
Com., G weeks ; — 2. Dec. 15, 4 weeks.
July 1 to the 1st Monday in October.
Couj., 1 week j — 2. 1st Nov. to I5ih Jan. ; — 3. April Ist to
April 15th.
Com. to the 1st Mond. in Dec. ; — 2. 1st July to 1st Mond. Aug.
Com., 3 months, viz. July, August, and September.
Com, 4 weeks ; — 2. Dec. 20 to Jan. 10.
Com., 5 weeks ; — 2. 3d Wod, in March, 5 weeks.
Com., 5J weeks ; — 2. 1st Wed. April, 5^ weeks.
Com., 4 weeks ; — 2. 1st Thursday April, 4 weeks.
Com. to 1st Monday Nov. ; — 2. 2d Mond. March, 6 weeks.
Com. to Thurs. after 3d Wed. Oct. ; — 2. After a session of 21
weeks, 4 weeks.
Com., 6 weeks ; — 2. in Feb. 21 weeks from 1st vacation, 4 weeks.
Com. to the 1st February.
The mi.nth of August.
Com. to 3d Jlonday Oct. ; — 2. 1st Monday March, 6 weeks.
Com., 6 weeks ; — 2. Wed. after 2d Tuesday April, 4 weeks.
Com. to 1st Mond. Oct.; — 2. 2d Thurs. March, 3 weeks.
Com. , 5 weeks ; — 2. 2d Wed. Jan., 5 weeks ; — 3. 1st Wed. May,
2 weeks.
Com., 8 weeks ; — 2. after a term of 20 weeks, 4 weeks.
Com. to 1st Monday in Sept., only one vacation.
Com., 10 weeks ; — 2. ending 2d Wed. March, 2 weeks.
Month of May ; — 2. Month of October.
Com. 8 weeks ; — 2. Wed. before 5th April, 6 weeks.
Explanation. Vacations of Bowdoin College. 1st, from Commencement, 3 weeks ; —
2d, from the Friday after the 3d Wednesday in December, 8 weeks ; — 3d, from the Friday
after the 3d Wednesday in May, 2 weeks.
XXII. MEDICAL SCHOOLS.
Name.
Place.
Lectures com.
Prof.
Stud.
Maine Medical School,
Brunswick,
Feb. 10 to 18,
4
90
New Hampshire Medical School,
Hanover,
lstor2dThur.Aug.
3
92
Vermont Medical College,
Woodstock,
2d Thurs. March,
5
65
Vermont Academy of Medicine,
Castleton,
3d Thurs. in Aug.
Mass. Medical School, Harv. Univ.
Boston,
1st Wed. in Nov.
6
87
Berkshire Med. Inst., Williams Col.
Pittsfield,
1st Thurs. in Sept.
5
100
Medical School, Yale College,
New Haven,
Last week in Oct.
5
48
Coll. Phys. and Surgeons, N. Y.
New York,
1st Mond. Nov.
7
106
Coll. Phys. and Surg., West Dist.
Fairfield,
1st Tues. in Oct.
6
164
Geneva Medical College, .
Geneva,
6
68
Medical Dep. Univ. Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia,
1st Mond. in Nov.
7
401
Medical Dep. J-efferson College,
do.
1st Mond. in Nov.
7
350
Medical Dep. Univ. Maryland,
Baltimore,
last Mond. in Oct.
6
143
Washington Medical College,
do.
last Mond. in Oct.
6
35
Medical Dep. Univ. Virginia,
Charlottesville,
September,
3
3ri
Medical College, ....
Richmond, Va.
1st Mond. in Nov.
6
Medical College of the State of S. C.
Charleston,
2d Mond. in Nov.
7
127
Medical College of S. Carolina,
do.
2d Mond. in Nov.
7
110
South. School of Prac. Med.
do.
2d Mond. in April,
6
Medical College of Georgia,
Medical College of Trans. Univ.
Augusta,
3d Mond. in Nov.
7
46
Lexington,
1st Mond. in Nov.
6
242
Louisville Medical College,
Louisville,
6
Medical College of Ohio,
Cincinnati,
1st Mond. in Not.
6
178
Medical Dep. Cincinnati College,
do.
7
85
Willoughby Medical College, .
Willoughby.
Ist Mond. in Nov.
5
40
Ref. Medical Col. Ohio,
Worlhington,
1st Mond. in Oct.
5
Louisville Medical School,
Louisville,
Med. College of Louis-.ana, .
New Orleans,
Last Mond. in Nov.
7
30
1839.]
THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS.
129
XXIII. THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS.
Com.
o
.Cod
i- 1
opera
".1
Vols.
tion.
c
3CO
d cB
in
Z
r^2
;?;"
Lib.
J816
3
51
87
4,000
1835
3
16
3,000
1808
6
100
711
13,000
1824
3
22
100
1825
4
42
106
3,000
1822
3
87
245
200
18'J4
3
36
3,500
1819
7
2
74
53
300
6,011
1821
4
47
220
4,500
1820
4
16
124
2,250
1816
2
9
1,000
1836
3
1784
3
24
1813
5
117
714
7,000
1826
2
23
7,000
1825
2
20
1823
3
1
1
33
4,000
1828
19
1822
3
29
90
3,000
1824
3
35
76
3,200
18.32
1
60
1829
3
22
1,800
1832
2
1
14
1,200
2
30
1,000
1821
2
22
62
5,000
1829
4
42
13
10,000
1828
12
14
6
1832
1
12
500
1834
3
3
58
23
1835
1
700
Name.
Place.
Bangor Theol. Seminary,
Gilmanton Theol. Sem.
Theological Seminary,
Divinity School,
Theological Institution,
Theol. Dep. Yale College,
Theol. Inst, of Conn.
Theol. Inst. Epis. Church,
New York Theol. Sem.
Theol. Sem. of Auburn,
Hamilton Lit. & Th. Inst.
Hattwick Seminary,
Theol. Sem. As. Ref. Ch,
Th. Sem. Dutch Ref. Ch.
Theol. Sem. Pr. Ch. U. S.
Sem. Lulh.^Ch. U. S.
German Reformed,
West. Theol. Seminary,
Theol. School,
Theological Seminary,
Epis. Theol. School of Va.
Union Theol. Seminary,
Virginia Baptist Seminary,
Southern Theol. Sem.
Theological Seminary,
Furnian Theol. Seminary.
South West. Theol. Sem'.
Lane Seminary,
Theol. Dep. Ken. College,
Theol. Dep. W. Res. Col.
Theological School,
Granville Theol. Dep.
Oberlin Theol. Dep.
Indiana Theol. Seminary,
Alion Theol. Seminary,
Cornrllville Theol. Sem.
Theol. Dep. Marion Col.
Bangor, Me.
Gilmanton, N. H.
Andover, Mass.
do.
do.
Ct,
do
. Y.
do,
do.
do.
do.
do.
[Cambridge,
Newton,
N. Haven,
E. Windsor,
New York, N
I do.
Auburn,
Hamilton,
jHartwick,
Newburgh,
N. Br'wick, N.J.
Princeton, do.
Gettysburg, Pa.
York, do.
jAllegheny T. do.
Canonsburg, do.
j Pittsburg,
Fairfax Co.
Pr. Ed. Co.
Richmond,
jColumbia,
Lexington,
High Hills,
Maryville,
do.
Va.
do.
do.
S. C.
do.
do.
Ten.
Cincinnati, Ohio,
Gambler,
Hudson,
Columbus,
Granville,
Oberlin,
S. Hanover,
Upper Alton, II.
Cornellville, do.
N. Palmyra, Mo.
Denomina-
tion.
Cong.
Cong.
Cong.
Cong. Unit.
Baptist,
Cong.
Cong.
Prot, Epis.
Presbyt.
Presbyt.
Baptist,
Lutheran,
Ass. Ref. Ch.
Dutch Ref.
Presbyt.
Evang. L.
G. Ref. Ch.
Presbyt.
Asso. Ch.
Asso. Ref.
Prot. Epis,
Presbyt.
Baptist,
Presbyt.
Lutheran,
Baptist,
Presbyt.
Do.
Prot. Epis.
Presbyt.
Lutheran,
Baptist,
Presbyt.
Baptist,
Presbyt.
Presbyt.
For a notice of the Roman Catholic Seminaries, see page 132.
Cambridge, Mass.
New Haven, Conn.
New York City,
Carlisle, Pa.
Williamsburg, Va.
Charlottesville, do.
Lexington, Ken
Cincinnati, Ohio,
XXIV. L,\W SCHOOLS.
Harvard University,
Yale College,
Law Depart , N. Y. Univ.
Dickinson College,
William and Mary College,
University of Virginia,
Transylvania University,
Cincinnati College,
Prof.
Students
2
65
2
33
3
1
14
1
• 44
1
67
2
.56
3
25
Schools for the study of law are much less frequented than schools
for the study of the other professions. The first institution of this
nature, of much note, that was established in the United States, was
the Law School at Litchfield, in Connecticut, which had, from 1798 to
1827, 730 students; but it is now discontinued.
130
UNITED STATES.
XXV. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.
[1839.
1. Summary of the Principal Religious Denominations.
DeDominatioDs.
Baptists, ....
" Freewill, .
" Seventh-Day,
" Six-Principle,
Catholics, ....
Christiana, ....
Congregationa lists,
Disciples of Christ, (Campbellites,
Dutch Reformed,
Episcopalians,
Friends,
Germaa Reformed,
Jews,
Lutherans, ....
Mcnnonites, ....
Methodists, ....
" Protestant,
Moravians of United Brethren,
Mormon ites, ....
New Jerusalem Church,
Presbyterians, ....
" Cumberland,
" Associate,
" Reformed,
" Associate Reformed,
Shakers, ....
Tunkers,
Unitarians, ....
Universalists, ....
Churches I Members |
or Con- Ministers, or Commu-I Population.
^rejrat'ns. nicants.
6,319
4,239
753
612
42
46
16
10
443
389
1,000
800
1,300
1,150
197
850
500
600
750
200
21
27
2,807
500
183
40
214
15
40
200
653
192
849
180
267
2,764
400
33
33
2,225
450
87
20
116
45
40
174
317
452,0001
33,876' '
4,503 f t
2,117j !
I
150,000
160,000
22,515
30,000
62,266
30,000
650,103
50,000
5,745
12,000
274,084^
50,000 I
16,000 ).
3,000 I
12,000 J
6,000
3,000
4,300,000
800,000
300,000
1,400,000
450,000
600,000
100,000
15,000
540,000
3,000,000
12,000
12,000
5,000
2,175,000
6,000
30,000
180,000
600,000
The above statements of the number of churches, ministers, and
members of the several denominations, have been derived chiefly from
recent official documents published by the different denominations ; but
the last column contains rather a vague estimate, which has appeared
in various publications, of the total number of people v/ho are attached
to or show a preference for the several different religious persuasions.
s •
1839.]
RKLIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.
2. Protestant Episcopal Church.
131
Dioceses.
e ^ f Maine,
5 2 J N- Hampshire,
m " j Massachusetta,
aQ [R. Island,
Vermont,
Connecticut,
New York,
New Jersey,
Pennsylvania,
Delaware,
Maryland,
Virginia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Georgia,
Alabama,
Mississippi,
Louisiana,
Tennessee,
Kentucky,
Ohio,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Missouri,
Michigan,
Florida,
Wisconsin,
Bishops.
J-Alex.V.Gri3wold,D. D.
I
J
John H. Hopkins, D. D.
Th. C. Brownell, D. D.
Benj. F. Onderdonk, D- D.
George W. Doane, D. D.
Henry H. Onderdonk, D.D,
*Jackson Kemper, D. D.
( Richard C. Moore, D. D.
I W. Meade, D. D. Jissist.
Levi S. Ivcs, D. D,
Nathaniel Bowen, D. D.
James H. Otey, D. D.
Benj. B. Smith, D. D.
Chas. P. Mcllvaine, D. D.
fPhilander Chase, D. D.
Sam. A. McCoskry, D. D.
Cons.
Min.
1811 <
7
6
53
20
1832
19
1819
71
183)
224
1832
32
1827
85
1835
67
1814
1829
73
1831
20
1818
46
6
3
4
1834
10
1832
20
1832
47
1819
/
)
10
10
1836
10
4
1
Meeting of Conventions,
1st Wednesday in Sept.
Last Wednesday in June
id Wednesday in June.
■2d Tuesday in June.
3d Wednesday in Sept.
2d Tuesday in June.
1st Thursday in (Jet.
Last Wednesday in May,
Third Tuesday in May.
Isl Satuiday in June.
Last Wednesday in May.
3d Wednesday in May.
Last Thursday in May.
1st Wednesday in May.
2d Mon. aft. Easter Mon.
•2d Saturday in June.
1st Wednesday in May.
Last Thurs. in April.
1st Sat. af 2d Wed. Oct.
2d Thursday in May.
2d Th. af. 1st Wed. Sept.
3d Wednesday in May.
2d Friday in June.
* Bishop Kemper was consecrated Bishop of Indiana and Missouri in 1835, being the
ffrst ; and was elected Bishop of Maryland in 1838.
t Bishop Chase was consecrated Bishop of Ohio in 1819 ; but resigned in 1831 j
and in 1835, he was chosen Bishop of Illinois. ,
Bishops of Methodist Episcopal Church.
Elijah Heading, D. D.
Beverly Waugh, D. D.
James O. Andrew, D. D.
Thomas A. Morris, D. D.
Robert Soule, D. D.
Lynn, Mass.
New York, N. Y.
Augusta, Geo.
Cincinnati, Ohio,
Lebanon, Ohio,
Robert R. Roberts, D. D. Bona, Indiana,
Elected.
1824
. 1836
1832
. 1836
1824
. 1816
The Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church have no particular
provinces or districts; but each one is Bishop of the church throughout
the whole of the United States ; and they spend most of their time in
visiting the different parts of the country.
132
united states.
3. Roman Catholic Church.
[1839.
Dioceses.
Comprising.
Bishops.
Min.;
Boston,
New York,
Philadolphia,
Baltimore,
Charleston,
Mobile,
New Orleans,
Bardstown,
Cincinnati,
Vincennes,
St. Louis,
Detroit,
New England,
N. York and part of N. Jersey,
( Penn. and part of New Jersey,
1 and Delaware,
Aid., Va., and Dist. Columbia,
N. C, S. C, and Georgia,
Alabama and Florida,
Louisiana and Mississippi,
Kentucky and Tennessee,
Ohio,
Indiana and part of Illinois,
Missouri, Arkansas, &c.
Michigan and VV'isconsin Ter.
Bened't J. Fenwick, D. D.
John Dubois, D. D.
( Henrv Conwell, D. D. )
1 F. P.'Kenrick, D. D., Coadj. \
Samuel Eccleston, D. D.^Abp.
John England, D. D.
Michael Portier, D. D.
Anthony Blanc, D. D.
( Benedict J. Flagct, D. D. )
G. J. Chabrat, D. D., Coadj. \
John B. Purcell, D. D.
Simon G. Brute, D. D.
Joseph Rosati, D, D.
Frederick Rcze, D. D.
24
43 ;
40
75 1
28
10 '
31
41
21
15
68
22
418
Catholics. — The first Catholic bishop in the United States (John
Carroll, D. D., of Baltimore) was consecrated in 1790. The Catholics
increase rapidly, almost exclusively by emigration from Europe. They
have now 12 dioceses, 1 archbishop, 13 bishops ; and, according to the
*' Catholic Almanac " for 1837, 300 churches, 143 stations, 389 clergy-
men, 12 ecclesiastical seminaries, 13 colleges, 23 female religious insti-
tutions, 37 female academies, 37 charitable institutions, and 7 periodical
publications " devoted to the cause of Catholicity."
Catholic Ecclesiastical Seminaries with the number of students, as
stated in the " Catholic Almanac " : — Boston ; Philadelphia (8) ; Balti-
more (17); Emmitsburg (2G) ; Frederick (19); Charleston (7); near
Bardstown, and at St. Rose, in Washington County, Ken. ; Cincin-
nati (7), and Perry County, Ohio; the Barrens, and St. Stanislaus,
Missouri.
In the table of Colleges, on pages 124 - 127, 8 Catholic Colleges are
enumerated. In addition to these, the following are mentioned in the
" Catholic Almanac," viz. Mount St. James's Seminary at Worcester,
Mass. ; Nyack College on the Hudson, about 30 miles north of New
York ; St. James's Literary Institution, Frederick, Md. ; Cincinnati
Athenaeum ; and St. Philip's College near Detroit ; but these institu-
tions do not appear to be yet properly organized as colleges.
METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION.
1. METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR BRUNSWICK.
Greatest Heat at 1 o'clock and for the Month, at Brunswick, Maine,
during 30 Years, according to the Observations oj Prof. P. Cleaveland.
The observations were made by a Six's Thermometer, with a northern
exposure, six feet from the ground, there being no reflected heat, and
all circumstances remaining the same during 30 years. — The first col-
umn indicates the greatest heat at 1 o'clock ; the second, the monthly
maximum.
Year.
June.
July.
1
August.
i Year.
June.
July.
Augi
0
1st.
S
3
O
3
E
3
S
3
0
s
3
a
s
3
_o
E ^
o^
E -
_o
E^
_o
S J
o_
.§ ti
_o
S^'
"Z
•ss
'o
gS
"o
■3 ^
*5 03
u
•q OJ
13
'S %
"o
■3 o*
X 0
"o
"o
1=1
Z '^
"0
1=^
"b
"0
l»
1808
m
97^
92i
98*'
89i
891
1824
m
93
89
92
83
86
]809
90^
92
801
84
83
86
: 1825
92
97
96i
97|
90
90
\
J810
89i
90
85'
89
84
86^
1826
921
93
98
98
84
85
1811
89^
92^
97
97i
93
95
1827
86
86
92
92
94
96
'
1812
79i
83
87
87^
831
85
1828
88
88
89
89
89
89
\
1813
82^
84
86
92^
90^
93^
1829
85
85
88
90
88
90
i
1
1814
82
85
89
90
84
86
1 1830
82
86
971
971
82
82
1815
84
86
9U
92
82
94
1 1831
93
93
93
94
89
89
i
1816
93i.
96
79
81
86i
88
' 1832
90
91
93
93
89
90
1
1817
79X
841
88
92J
85
90
1 1833
80
80
92
92^
85
85
1
1
1818
9l|
92i
96i
97i
87
90
i 1834
83
84
93
96
87
88
1
i
1819
9l|
93
91
91
95 96
' 1835
87
87
91
93
87
87
1820
9l|
96
951
954-
88 90
1836
88
89
92
92
89
89
1
1821
88|
89
92^
96"
93i 95
1837
90
9!
92
94
94
94
1
1822
91
91
89t
93
85 88i
1838
98
98
!
1823
89
90
93
94^
90 92
IL '
CABLE P
^OR
CONC
:ORD
, N
H.
Mean Temperature of each Month in 1837, according to the Observations
of John Farmer, Esq.
16.4 April, 40.4 July, 64.4 October, 45.2
222 May, 50.6 August, 63.3 November, 35.
31.5 June, 63.2 September, 56.1 December, 25.6
January,
i February,
March,
I
12
134 METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION.
[1839.
I
III. TABLE FOR DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, N. H.
Comparison of Three Years, ending respectively, October 2lst, 1835,
183G, 1837.
Compiled from the Monthly Journals by the Editors of the " Vermont Chronicle."
Thermometer.
Face of the Skt.
Mean.
Maximum.
Minimum.
Fair Days.
Cloudy.
Variable.
1835.
1836.
1837.
'35
'36 '37
'35
»36
'37
'35 '36| '37
13
'36
7
'37
11
'35 '36
11! 18
'37
"14
Nov.
32.0
31.0
rv).9
55
61 62' 9'— 9
13
el 5 5
Dec.
18.5
12.91 20.2
4(1
44 47 — 161—19
-10
3 8 12
17
10
9
11 13
10
Jan.
17.6
19.;<j 10.5
47
42, 46|— .■J2— 14
-31
11 3| 11
8
17
15
12, 11
5
Feb.
16.2
10.8 18.5
46
45 45.— 20— 29
-18
7 7! 5
9
13
12
12! 9
11
March,
27.5
23.0
26.2
56
50 6(1 —111— 11
-23
7 8; 10' 12
9
12J
12 15
9
April,
37.6
36.9
38.4
63
63l 73 16
8
19
9j 9 8 14
7
9
7 14
13
May,
50.3
5.3.6
49.6
81
85, 77, 26
24
23'
11 9 5
6
12
13
14 10
13
June,
61.5
61.2
C2.0
85
89' 83 40
41
42; 12' 6 7
10
15
7
Si 9
16
July,
67.7
62.0
63.5
8.')
9? 89
45
48
48 13 13' 12
7
5
5
111 13
14
August,
62.6
61.5
62.9
a3
87 85
41
40
40 15' 15 7
8
4 61
8; 12
18
Sept.
53.2
57.0 54.9
83
86 89
37
34
30 13 JO 10
7 91 6
10 11 14
Oct.
Year,
48.9
38.6 41.7
73
67 71
27 12 1
15 11 13 9
11 10 5
9 8 17
125 143154
41.1
39.3! ^9-y'
85 92' 89 1
—32—29
—31118106 101 122'll7|ll0
WiKDs OF Three Daily Observatiows.
N. NW. NE. S. S\V. SE. E.
W.
1835,
76 394 44 52 372 80 10
52 1
1836,
176 2t)0 45 160 137 118 42
145 1
1837,
1
71
31S
)
54
114
196 lli
2
19
116
1
No. of Observations at or below 0.
Dec. Jan. Feb. March. Total.
1835 8 20 15 5 48
1836 17 10 29 6 63
1837 7 25 14 9 55
Aurora Borealis.
No. of Obs.
18
26
16
Swow.
Inches.
52
89
63
IV. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES FOR DOVER, N. H.
Lat. 43° 13' N. Long. 700 54^ vv, . _ p^j jgsy, g^ a. A. Tufts, Esq.
1. Table for 5 Years. — Part 1.
Years.
1833
1834
18'35
1836
18:^7
1838
Mean Temperature.
27.\)
17.4
22.6
22.1
17.2
30.9
20 7
29.8
21.
Irt.l
22 2
17.1
29
32.(5
2y.o
28
29.3
35.1
44. 56.9 61.3,69.4 64.4 55.8
43 6 52 62.6,72.8 66 5,60.8
40 5 53.6 64. 69 7 65 5 55.6
39.8 53.4159.9 69 4 63.1 59 3
41. ;50.8i63.5 66.4 64.7
39.2i
56.
46.3 34.9
45.833.8
50.2
42.5
45,7
36.
34.5
35.8
27 51
23.
18.4
■25 Jl
26i|
1839.]
METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION.
Table for 5 Years. — Part 2.
135
Years.
Thermometer.
0
c
Weather.
2
to
2
Q
m
tD
0
6
c
c
cd
0
0
la
0}
0
a
99
'3
257
3
40
68
1833
—12
Jan.19 95.
July 2i
107
45.1-10
1634
—14
heh. 8 U8.
July 26
112
45.1-4 59:^
255
55
55
1835
-28
Jan. 4'!)9.5
July 25
127*
43.10-12 52
262
62
41
1836
—17
Feb. 4i08.
July 9
115
42.8-10 8!)
237
72
57
1837
—18
Jan. 495.
July 1
113
43.3-10 45
251
52
62
1838
' 1
1
2. Meteorological Table for Dover, for 1837.
Weather.
1
Thermometer.
PREVArLiNG Winds.
.
i
.
-C
^
^
iVlean Temp.
i
as
■a
as
0
c
0
0
2
c
0
0
«
0
a;
0
d
S
^
a
e4
^
c
0
2
0
«
^
'3
1 53
1 0
>>
SB
s
X)
>.
c
<n
1-H
tm
^
2;
2
pq en
CB
02
^
0
fe 0
Si
zn
1 0
fi
;5
a
ei
<
<
<:
b
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Jan.
4
31
22 2
3
4
—18
4
47
31
65
10.1
26.4
15 I
17.2
16
5
2
7
1
Feb.
13
16
19 4
2
3
~ 8
18
47
Iti
55
15.4
31.
20.2
•2-2.2
11
1
4
1 4
5
9.
March,
1
18
19 7
4
1
—10
2
54
25
64
20.8
39.9
27-2
29.3
7
6
210
6
1
April,
5
29
20 4
6
21
5
74
29
50
33.6
51.4
38.
41.
9
5
7
4
5
May,
1
31
17 3
11
23
2
>-2
14
59
44.
61.
47.4
50.8
6
6
3 9
4
3
June,
17
30
20 6
4
42
12
«7
30
45
54.9
76.6
.59.
63.5
1
5
1 10
10
3
July,
12
I
27 3
1
48
13
95
1
47
57.
80 1
62.1
66.4
8
3
7
10
3
Aug,
23
3
20 7
4
39
24
92
')
53
56.1
77.
61.
64.7
3
8
1 7
1
9
2
Sept.
24
11
25 4
1
31
2.T
90
11
59
45 8
70.8
51.4
56.
3
2
1 12
7
5
Oct.
9
18
21 5
5
19
9
73
11
54
37.5
.56.9
42.7
45.7
12
10
1 5^
7
Nov.
27
20
20 2
6
2
6
28
57
21
51
29.7
43.9
33.8
35.8
11
4
1 5
8
1
Dec.
22
3
21 5
3
2
— 4
22
55
3
59
20.9
33.7
25.?
2o.0
13
5
t 2
9
2
Year,
J
251 52
50
12
—18
95
11.3
35.5
54.1
40.3
43.3
100
1
62
10 77
1
86
§
The coldest day in the year was January 4th. Mean of three obser-
vations, 4 degrees below 0.
The warmest day in the year was July 1st. Mean, 78.3 degrees
above 0.
The lowest teraperature, January 4th, 18 degrees below 0.
The highest temperature, July 1st, 95 degrees above 0.
Range of the year, 113 degrees. Mean of the year, 43.3 degrees.
136 METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION. [1839.
V. TABLE AND NOTICES RELATING TO SAVANNAH, GEO.
Table abstracted from Mr. A. G. Oemler's Tables for the
Years 1837, 1838.
Thermometer.
i
Rain Gauge. |
1
Highest.
Lowest
Monthly Mean
I
Months.
Temperature.
00
^.
s s
S
s
S
* 2
S
(1
<
00
75
95 85
cs
22
<
00
On'
00 oj
o
77.40
i^ ^
1837, June,
62
75
72
71.60 82.70
1.93
4 :
July,
8
79
97*85
15
68
87
80
76.19 88.87
81.84
2.44
4
August,
1
79
91 83
25
70
80
81
7.5.13 83.94
80.00
4.60
6
Sept' mber,
11
71
83 83
15
60
73
73
68.87 77.89
74.53
5..56
5
October,
2
71
a5 78
30
40
56
53
62.61 70.67
67.87
3.34
5
November,
11
60
79 69
25
32
50
41
52.67 66.93
61.27
0.31
2 1
December,
4
59
77 6-
21
32
54
49
46.42 59.29
53.90
3.34
4
1838, January,
17
65
77 6-
12
22t
41
40
48.81 60.00
55.94
3.41
7
February,
16
63
67 52
4
23
39
34
41.21 53.57
48.96
5.07
5 '
March,
:J1
67
84 78
!8
37
54
48
50.13 C2.97
.58.61
1.40
4
April,
1
(i7
87 78
21
45
59
55
57.57 70.13
67.67
1.85
4
May,
Annual Mean,
22
71
84 77
G
51
68
62
63.35 74.2:^
59.63 70.95
71.58
6G.63I
. 2.30
4 ;
34.55
54 i
The last two years have been remarkable for the small quantity of
rain which has fallen, and the steady equable movements of the Ther-
mometer. There has been no rainy month since August, 1836, and
rain has very seldom fallen in sufficient quantity to run in the funnel
of the rain gauge on two successive days.
The Thermometer indicated on July 3d, 1836, at 2 P. M. 95°
« " Jan. 3d, 1837, at 8 A. M. 20 differ. 75^'
« « July 8th, 1837, at 2 P. M. 97*
'« « Jan. 12ih, 1838, at 8 A. M. 22t " 75
The mean temperature for the hottest and coldest months at 8 A. M.,
2 P. M., and 6 P. M. differed thus :
July, 1836, 77.36 89.63 81.80
Jan. 1837, 39.10 50.30 46.40
Difference, 38.26 39.33 35.40
July, 1837, 76.19 88.87 81.84
Feb. 1838, 4121 53.57 48.96
Difference, 34.98 35.30 3288
* 26 degiees above the annual mean.
t 38 degrees below the annual mean.
1839.]
METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION.
137
VI. METEOROLOGICAL TABLES FOR KEY WEST.
1. Table showing the Temperature in 1837, at Key West, Florida, the
most southern Town in the United States. (Lat. 24° 33' 30" N. Long.
81° 52' 30" W.
Months.
Monthly.
Daily Range.
Rain
on
Showers
on
Quan-
tity of
Ruin.
Inches.
1.830
.925
.750
2.425
5.350
1.675
1.650
7.500
5.800
6.050
3.050
1.650
38.655
30.075
36,090
Max.
79.00
80.00
81.00
83.50
84.00
88.00
88 00
87.00
86.00
86 0(1
81.25
78.75
Min.
50.00
52.00
58.50
62.50
68 50
74.75
68.00
72.00
73.00
61.75
.57.75
.54.25
Mean.
66.223
C8.799
70.771
73.126
77.904
81.355
82.355
82.009
81-000
77.850
76.129
70.296
76.485
75.924
77.394
Range.
Gr'st.
17.25
14.25
13.50
]1.75
11.50
10.00
10.75
13.50
11.00
11.00
11.75
11.25
17.25
16.00
14.50
Least. Mean.
2.007.862
1.25 8.884
3 25 7.963
3.00 7.371
4.50 7.403
3.50 7.405
4.00 7.193
4.007.371
3.007.400
1.00 5.974
4.006.330
1.50 5.552
Days.
Jan.
Feb.
March,
April,
May,
June,
July,
August,
Sept.,
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
29.00
28.00
22.50
21.00
1550
1325
20.00
15.00
13.00
24.25
23 50
24.50
38.00
44.50
34.50
1
2
2
3
1
0
4
3
5
2
1
2
8
3
4
2
15
9
6
4
8
10
10
8
Year,
1835,
1834,
88.00
89.50
89. (»0
50.00
45.00
.54.50
1.00!7.226
1.00!8.335
0.5017.044
26 i 87
16 i 99
28 1 49
,Qo.y C Greatest heat,
I Least heat,
July 30th,
January 4th,
max. 88°
max. 67
mm.
min.
83°
50
2. Table showing the prevalence of different IVinds at Key West, from
Observations made during Four Years.
%* The observations were made in the morning and afternoon of
each day as to the prevailing Wind. The figures in the table represent
the mean number of days that each wind prevailed in each month, and
on the result of the addition of half days. Winds from points of the
compass not represented in the table, are inserted in the columns to
which they approximate the nearest.
^lonths.
^
Tr
NE. t
ide
0 I
a
7J
6
4
3
7
8
5
9
8
8
5
2
2
67
3
?E.
3
>
1
2
2
1
4
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
24
1
1
1
1
■
1
1
.5
m
1
1
1
1
4
3
3
1
1
IB
o
%
1
1
1
1
4
02
o
m
1
1
1
2
1
6
o
1
1
1
1
1
5
4
3
3
2
3
3
1
2
1
1
3
29
i
o
>
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
12
i
OD
u i
31
1 28
31
1 30
31
1 30
1 31
31
30
1 31
1 30
31
6 365
Jan.
Ffb,
.March,
April,
.May,
June,
July,
August,
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Year,
4
5
2
2
1
1
1
4
2
5
•27
1
1
1
1
2
1
7
5
5
6
4
3
4
3
4
8
10
11
9
72
4
4
8
I
4
7
5
4
3
7
4
58
1
1
2
2
3
2
3
2
1
17
1
1
1
3
12"
138
METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION.
[1839.
VII. METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR INDIAN KEY,
Florida, (Lat. 24° 48' N. Long. 80° 55' Yi .) for the Fcflr* 1836, and
1837 ; — abstracted from the Observations of Charles Howe, Esq.^
accompanying the Re-port of the Committee {of Congress) on Agricul-
ture, on the Memorial of Dr. Henry Perrine, in relation to the Culture
of Tropical Plants in the United States.
Year 1836.
Year 1837. |
Thermometer.
Rain.
The
rniomelei
Rain.
Sunrise.
2 o'clock, P. M.
Sunrise.
2 o'clock, P. M.
Months.
,
^
.
*i
^
J
.
^
00
o
O
00
BO
a
tn
9)
o
a
1— 1
00
O
00
n
O
00
«
K
w
2.72
January,
49
75
56
81
2.00
50
73
57
84
February,
47
76
55
85
0.64
51
74
56
80
1.10
March,
56
77
63
83
2.50
59
76
66
82
0.09
April,
70
79
74
86
2.00
65
79
70
86
2.00
May,
74
81
77
88
6.50
73
81
77
87
0 09
June,
71
83
80
88
3.50
76
84
82
90
3.10
July,
77
84
79
88
5.34
79
86
84
90
3.70
August,
80
84
84
89
1.69
80
85
78
90
6 75
Sept.
77
84
81
88
5.90
79
84
81
88
7.25
October,
73
83
77
86
3.86
61
84
87
88
8.75
Nov.
61
78
64
84
1.22
61
78
66
86
6.10
Dec.
55
75
62
81
0.00
34.15
62
76
66
84
0.12
41.77
In 1836 ; — greatest cold (Feb. 4) 47 ; — greatest heat, (Aug 19, 20,
28, and 29,) 89 ; — annual range, 42. From June 13 to Oct. 1, the ther-
mometer did not fall but five limes below 80 at sunrise, and not once
lower than 77.
In 1837 ; — greatest cold (Jan. 3) 50 ; — greatest heat, (June 21 ;
July 4, 5, 6, 24, 25, 26 ; Aug. 21,) 90 ; — annual range, 40.
VIII. METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR SANTA CRUZ, |
^n Island in the West Indies; abstracted from the Observations of the
Bev. Dr. Tuckerman, mode 0^6^ o'clock, A. M., 9 A. M., 12, 3 P. M.f
6 P. M., and 9 P. M. ; from Dec. 7, 1836 to April 30, 1837.
Lowest Heat.
Highest Heat.
Monthly
Greatest daily
Lioa.st daily
Mean.
Variation.
Variation.
December,
70
81i
75|
n
1
January,
71i
81|
76
u
2i
February,
73
82
77i
8
3
March,
67i
84i
74
Uh
2
April,
73
85
76
n
2
1839.]
METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION.
IX. METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR CHARLOTTES-
VILLE, Va.,
For One Year j from July \st, 1837, to July 1st, 1828 ; from two daily
Observations^ taken at Sunrise, and 2 P. M.
1837.
Mean.
Max.
Min.
1838.
Mean.
Max.
Min.
July,
76.3
95
59
January,
43.1
64
24
August,
74.3
94
49
February,
.30.8
55
3
September,
65.2
91
38
March,
465
73
24
October,
60.2
85
28
April,
52.4
85
28
November,
48 3
75
25
May,
59.5
82
44
December,
39.2
69
25
June,
72.2
86
57
Mean for the Year, 55.77.
At the same place, the mean heat of July, 1838, was 77.5 (similar
observations) ; and the highest degree observed was (July 28th, 1838)
99.5.
X. ANNUAL QUANTITY OF RAIN.
[From " Poulson's American Daily Advertiser."]
Statement of the Quantity of Rain lohich has fallen in each Year, from
1810 to 1837, inclusive ; the first 14 years by the gauge of P. Legoux,
at Spring Mill, (near Philadelphia,) and the folloioing 14 years by that
kept at the Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia.
In. dec.
In. dec.
In. d^c.
In. dec.
1810 32.656
1817 36.0t»5
1824 38 740
1831 43.940
1811 34.968
1818 30.177
1825 29 570
1832 39.870
1812 39.300
1819 23.354
1826 35.140
1833 48.550
1813 35.625
1820 39.609
1827 38.560
1834 34.240
1814 43.135
1821 32.182
1828 37 970
1835 39.300
1815 33.666
1822 29 864
1829 41.859
1836 42.660
1816 27.947
1823 4 1.85 J
1830 45.070
1837 39.040
The whole quantity of rain which fell in the above 28 years was
1,035,742 inches, which gives an annual average of 36,991 inches.
The rain in each month of 1837, was as follows :
Inches.
Inches.
Inches.
1st Month,
2.50
6th Month,
2.83
11th Month,
3.23
2d "
3.58
7th "
5.89
12th "
2.56
3d "
3.76
8th "
4.06
4th "
2.83
9th "
2.28
Total,
39.04
5th "
4.86
10th "
0.66
140
riiOWERINQ OF FRUIT-TREES.
[1839.
XI. FLOWERING OF FRUIT-TREES.
The time of Apple Trees being in full blossom in Maitsjield, Bristol Coun-
ty, Mass., in each year for 40 years, from 1798 to 1837, inclusive,
according to a statement of Mr. Isaac Stearns, Jr., communicated to the
" J^ew England Farmer."
1798 May 13
1808
May 18
1799 '
' 19
1809
" 25
1800
' 17
1810
" 19
1801 '
« 17
1811
" 15
1802 '
' 26
1812
June 2
1803 '
' 22
1813
May 25
1804 '
< 22
1814
u 24
1805 '
' 14
1815
" 27
1506 '
' 27
1816
'' 28
1807 '
* 27
1817
" 23
Av.lstlOYrs.21
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
May 29
" 25
u 17
« 27
" 15
" 23
♦* 19
« 15
" 15
" 17
2d 10 Years, 23 3d 10 Years, 20 4th 10 Years, 20
1828
May 17
1829
" 21
ISiO
" 9
1831
" 14
1832
« 21
1833
'' 12
1834
« 20
1835
" 29
1836
" 21
1837
" 30
The average time of the whole 40 years the 21st of May. — The
earliest season of the forty years was that of 1830 ; the latest, that of
1812. — "The times when the preceding notices were taken, were
when the blossoms were out at the fullest, and the trees appeared
the whitest." — They must therefore have begun to blossom several
days earlier.
Flowering of Fruit-Trees in 1838.
Place.
Peach. Cherry.
Apple.
Brunswick, Mainn,
Cambridge, Mass.
Baltimore, Md.
King George C. H., Va.
Norwalk, Ohio,
May 28
May 14:— 19 full. May 15:— 20 full.
April 28 April 30
April 14 full. April 14 full.
April 29
June 4
May ^:— 28 full.
Muy 10
April 28
May 8
The spring of 1838 was uncommonly backward. Apple trees began
to blossom, in Cambridge, Mass., on the 22d of May, were in fullest
blossom from the 27th to the 31st of May, and were out of blossom
about the 9th of June.
INDIVIDUAL STATES.
T. MAINE.
Government
For the Year ending on the \st Wednesday in January, 1839.
Salary,
Edward Kent,
of Bangor,
Governor. . . ^1,500
Samuel P. Benson,
of Augusta,
Secretary of State, . 900
James B. Calhoon,
do.
Treasurer, . . . 900
Rufus C. Vose,
of Bangor,
.Adjutant- General, . 700
Elijah L. Hamlin,
do.
Land-.Bgent, . . 1,000
John O'Brien,
of Thomaston,
Warden of State Prison, 700
The Senate consists of 25 members; N. S. Littlefield, President.
House of Representatives 187 members; Elisha H. Allen, Speaker.
Judiciary.
Supreme Judicial Court.
Salary.
Nathan Weston,
of Augusta,
Chief Justice,
$1,800
Nicholas Emery,
of Portland,
Assnciate Justice,
1,800
Ether Shepley,
of Saco,
do.
1,800
Nathan Clifford,
of Newfield,
Attorney- General,
1,000
John Shepley,
of Saco,
Reporter,
600
Court of Common Pleas.
Ezekiel Whitman,
of Portland,
Chief Justice,
1,200
David Perham,
of Bangor,
Associate Justice,
1,200
Asa Redington, Jr.,
of Augusta,
Militia.
do.
1,200
The Militia comprises 8 Divisions, each of which is tinder the com-
mand of a Major- General. The Major-Generals are as follow : —
Isaac Hodson, of Bangor. I Eliphalet D. Bray, of Kingfield.
Joseph S. Jewell, of Scarborough. I Greenleaf White, of Augusta.
Alvin Bolster, of Rumford. Benjamin Burgess, of Lisbon.
Ezekiel Foster, of Eastport. I Jeremiah Mclntire, of York.
Military duty is required of able-bodied white men from the age of 18
to 35 ; and those between 35 and 45, are required to be constantly equip-
142
MAINE.
[1839.
ped, to send their equipments to the place of annual inspection, and to
attend the election of company officers. Officers of government and
ministers of the gospel are exempted ; and persons who have held com-
missions in the militia less than five years, and have not been super-
seded, are exempted by paying two dollars annually.
Military duty is to be performed on three days ; 1st, the annual in-
spection on the 1st Tuesday in May; 2d, one day for company disci-
pline ; 3d, one day for review and inspection by regiment.
The equipments required of the infantry consist of a good musket,
cartridgebox, bayonet, scabbard, priming-wire, brush, and spare flints ;
of the cavalry, sword, pistols, &c. ; of the artillery, sword ; of the rifle-
men, rifle, povvderhorn, pouch, &c.
The fine for non-appearance at each company training is $4; at the
regimental review, $ 5.
II. NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Government
For the Year ending on the Ist Wednesday in June, 1839.
Isaac Hill, of Concord,
Josiah Stevens, Jr., do.
Zenas Clement, do.
Joseph Low, do.
Robert Davis, do.
Governor,
Secretary of StatCy
Treasurer,
Adjutant- General,
Quartermaster- General,
Salary.
$1,200
800
600
200
200
Tristara Shaw,
Moses Baker,
Israel Hunt,
Enos Stearns,
John Page,
Samuel Jones,
Ira A. Eastman,
Joel Parker,
Samuel Green,
Nathaniel G Upham,
Leonard Wilcox,
Charles F. Gove,
Executive Council.
of Exeter,
of Somersworth,
of Nashua,
of Charlestown,
of Haverhill,
of Bradford,
of Gilmanton,
Judiciary.
Superior Court.
County.
Rockingham.
Strafford.
Hillsborough.
Cheshire.
Grafton.
President of the Senate.
Speaker of the House of Rep,
Keene,
Hopkinton,
Concord,
Orford,
Goffstown,
Chief Justice,
Associate Justice,
do.
do.
Attorney- General,
Appointed. Salary.
1838, 1$ 1,400
1819,
1833,
1838,
1835,
1,200
1,200
1,200
1,200
1839.]
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
143
Courts of Common Pleas.
By an act of the state legislature of December, 1832, the former
Court of Common Pleas was discontinued, and new courts were estab-
lished, consisting of two justices for each county, and the judges of the
Superior Court, who are, ex officio, judges of the Court of Common
Pleas, one or more of them being required to attend the several terms ;
and they rank as senior or presiding justices of the several county
courts.
Justices of the Court of Common Pleas.
\ Bradbury Bartlett,
I Dudley Freese,
Nottingham,
Deerfield,
Salary.
$150
150
C Henry Y. Simpson,
\ Ezekiel Hurd,
New Hampton,
Dover,
150
150
C Benjamin Wadleigh,
( Aaron Whittemore,
Sutton,
Pembroke,
110
110
C Simon P. Colby,
\ Jesse Carr,
Weare,
Goffstown,
126
126
C Horace Chapin,
I Larkin Baker,
Winchester,
Westmoreland,
100
100
C Ambrose Cossit,
\ Eleazer Jackson,
Claremont,
Cornish,
100
100
C David C. Churchill,
I Walter Blair,
C Joshua Marshall,
\ John Pendexter,
Lyme,
Plymouth,
Stratford,
Bartlett,
150
150
100
100
Militia.
Counties.
Rockingham,
Strafford,
Merrimack,
Hillsborough,
Cheshire,
Sullivan,
Grafton,
Coos,
The Militia of this State comprises three divisions and six brigades.
The divisions are commanded by the following Major-Generals : —
1st Division, Benjamin E. Lock, of Epsom.
2d do. Timothy Dow, of Barnstead.
od do. James Wilson, Jr., of Keene.
All free able-bodied white male citizens, from the age of 18 to 40,
are liable to do military duty, and those from 40 to 45 are required to
keep themselves equipped: — except various United States and state
judicial and civil officers, ministers of the gospel, officeis and students
of colleges, preceptors of academies, all who have held a military com-
mission for the term of four years, Quakers and Shakers, drivers of
mail-stages, ferrymen, &c.
Every company of the militia is required to meet annually on the
first Tuesday in May, for inspection ; also once in each year, by order
of the commanding officer ; and each regiment is required to be called
out annually between the 1st of September and the 15th of October.
144 NEW HAMPSHIRE. [1839.
Each non-commissioned officer and soldier is required to be equipped
with a good firelock, bayonet, scabbard and belt, cartridgebox, knap-
sack, and canteen. The fine for non-appearance at a company training
ia §2 ; at a regimental muster, $3.
III. VERMONT.
Government
For the Year ending on the 2d Thursday in October, 1838.
Salary.
Silas H. Jenison, of Shoreham, Governor , $ 750
David M. Camp, of Derby, Lieut.- Gov. ^ Pres. Senate,
Allen Wardner, of Windsor, Treasurer, 400
Chauncey L. Knapp, of Montpelier, Secretary of State, 300
George B. Manser, do. Sec'y Civil i," Military Affairs, 200
David Pierce, of Woodstock, Auditor,
Norman Williams, do. Secretary of the Senate, 275
A. L. Miner, of Manchester, Clerk of the Hou^e of Rep. 275
Legislature.
The Senate, established in 1836, consists of 30 members ; each county
being entitled to at least one, and the rest apportioned according to
population ; and the House of Representatives is composed of one
member from each town. Pay of the members of each house, $ 1.50 a
day, during the session of the legislature ; and of the Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor while presiding in the Senate, $4.00 a day. — Solomon Foot of
Rutland, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Judiciary.
The judiciary powers are vested in a Supreme Court, consisting of
five judges, chosen every year by the legislature; in a County Court
for each county, consisting of three judges, chosen in the same man-
ner (one of the judges of the Supreme Court being chief justice), who
hold courts twice a year in their respective counties ; and in justices
of the peace, also appointed in the same manner.
Supreme Court.
Salary.
Charles K. Williams,
of Rutland,
Chief Justice,
$1,300
Stephen Royce,
of Berkshire,
.Associate Justice,
1,300
Samuel S. Phelps,
of Middlebury,
do.
1,300
Jacob Collamer,
of Woodstock,
do.
1,300
Isaac F. Redfield,
of Montpelier,
do.
1,300
1839.]
VERMONT.
145
Militia.
The militia of this State comprises 4 divisions, each commanded by
a Major- General. — It consists of all the able-bodied white males, with
few exceptions, from the age of 18 to 45. Each soldier is required to
keep himself constantly provided with such arms and equipments as
are necessary for actual service, and by so doing, he is exempted from
a poll tax, — The militia is about to undergo a new organization.
IV. MASSACHUSETTS.
Government
For the Year ending on the \st Wednesday in January, 1839.
Edward Everett,
George Hull,
John P. Bigelow,
David Wilder ,
H. A. S. Dearborn,
William Tufts,
Joseph Foster,
Fitch Hall,
Horace Mann,
of Boston,
of Sandisfield,
of Boston,
of Leominster
of Roxbury,
Salarj.
Governor, $ 3,666.67
Lieut.- Governor, 533.33
Sec. of the Commomoealth, 2,000
Treas. and Receiver- Gen. 2,000
Adjutant- General, 1,500
\st Clerk, Secretary of State' s Office, 1,200
\st Clerk, Treasurer s Office, 1,200
1st Clerk, Adjutant- GeneraVs Office, 1,200
of Boston,
Sec. Board of Education, 2,000
Waldo Flint, of Leicester,
Julius Rockwell, of Pittsfield,
Jonathan Shove, of Danvers,
Bank Cow,-
missioners.
pay $6 a day, and
travelling expenses.
Charles Calhoun, Clerk of the Senate, 1,170
Luther S. Gushing, Clerk House of Representatives, 1,170
Myron Lawrence, of Belchertown, President of the Senate,
Robert C. Winthrop, of Boston, Speaker of the House of Rep.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court.
Salary.
Lemuel Shaw,
of Boston, Chief Justice,
$ 3,500
Samuel Putnam,
of Boston, Associate Justice,
3,000
Samuel S, Wilde,
of Boston, do.
3,000
Marcus Morton,
of Taunton, do.
3,000
Charles A Dewey,
of Northampton, do.
3,000
James T. Austin,
of Boston, Attorney- General,
1,200
Octavius Pickering,
of Boston, Reporter,
1,000
13
146
MASSACHUSETTS.
[1839.
Asahel Huntington,
Charles H. Warren,
Pliny Merrick,
Daniel Wells,
Artemas Ward,
Solomon Strong,
John M. Williams,
David Cummings,
Salary^
of Salem, District- Attorney, N. Dist. $1,(100
of New Bedford, do. S. do. 1,000
of Worcester, do. Mid. do. 1,000
of Greenfield, do. W. do. 1,000
Court of Common Pleas.
of Boston , Chief Justice,
of Leominster, Associate Justice,
of Taunton, do.
of Salem, do.
Municipal Court of Boston.
Salary.
$2,100
1,800
1,800
1,800
Peter O. Thacher, Judge, 1,250
Thomas W. Phillips, Clerk ; — Samuel D. Parker, Attorney.
The Municipal Court is held on the first Monday in each month.
Police Court of Boston.
William Simmons, ^ C $1,500
John Gray Rogers, > Justices, ..... < 1 ,500
James C. Merrill, ) ( 1,500
The Police Court sits every day (Sunday excepted) at 9 o'clock,
A. M., and at 3 P. M., for the trial of criminal causes.
Probate Court.
Counties.
Judges.
Salary.
Registers.
Salary.
Barnstable,
Nymphas Marston,
305
Timothy Reed,
50(>
Berkshire,
VVm. P. Walker,
450
Henry W. Bishop,
GOO
Bristol,
Oliver Prescott,
42.-)
Anselni Bassett,
700
Dukes,
Tiieod. G. Mayhew,
bii
Conitlius Marchant.
lOO
Essex,
Daniel A. White,
70it
Nathaniel Lord, Jr.,
1,500
Franklin,
R. E Newcomb,
28t)
Klijah Alvord,
460
Hampden,
Oliver B. Morris,
28,1
Justice Willard,
460
Hampshire,
Ithamar Conkey,
28i)
Samuel F. Lyman,
460
Middlesex,
Samuel P. P. Fay,
800
Isaac Fiske,
1,500
Nantucket,
Isaac Coffin,
200
George Cobb,
30(t
Norfolk,
Sherman Leland,
50 '
Jonatlian H. Cobb,
700
Plymouth,
Wilkes Wood,
400
Jacob H. Loud,
750
Suffolk,
John Heard,
1,000
O W. B. Peabody,
2,000
1 Worcester,
Ira Barton,
70..
Charles G. Prentiss,
1,400
1839.]
MASSACHUSETTS.
147
Products of certain Branches of Industry.
A Summary prepared by the Secretary of State, from the Returns of the
Assessors of all the Toxcns and Cities of the Commonwealth, concern-
ing certain Branches of Industry, or the Value of Articles Manufac-
tured or Produced, the JVumber of Hands employed, and the Amount of
Capital invested, in the Year ending April Ist, 1837.
Articles Manufactured or Produced.
Value
Hands
Capital
employ'd.
36
Invested.
Anchors, chain cables, »&c., .
f 114,125
$ 80,500
Axes, scythes, snaiths, &c.
325,956
387
196,938
Beer, bellows, blacking, boats and
wherries, bricks.
152,321
373
55,300
Bonnets (straw,) and palm-leaf hats,
1,902,803
Books and stationery, pocket-books,
and school apparatus,
1,048,140
1,023
909,800
Boots and shoes.
14,642,520
39,068
Brass and copper,
1,469,354
297
635,800
Britannia and block tin,
66,300
59
7,000
Brushes, brooms, and baskets,
289,512
350
103,095
Buttons, of all kinds,
246,000
358
147,200
Candles, (spermaceti and tallow,)
and soap, ....
1,620,730
266
697,300
Candlesticks, playing cards, choco-
late, clocks, chair stuff, and coffee-
mills,
66,914
81
29,840
Cards, (wool,) ....
254,420
139
148,340
Carriages, wagons, sleighs, har-
ness, &c., ....
679,442
945
278,790
Casks and hoops.
202,832
194
81,250
Chairs and cabinet ware,
1,262,121
2,011
Clothing, neck-stocks, and suspend-
ers,
2,013,316
3,939
780,158
Combs,
268,500
444
Cordage and twine, . * .
481,441
439
285,375
Cotton goods, (cloths,)
13,056,659
19,754
14,369,719
Cotton batting, thread, warp and
wicking, ....
169,221
151
78,000
Cotton printing, ....
4,183,121
1,660
1,539,000
Cutlery,
186,200
193
92,033
Drugs, medicines, and dye-stuffs.
371,019
97
98,995
Fishery, (whale, cod, and mackerel,)
7,592,290
20,126
12,484,078
Fur caps, and other manufactures of
fur,
73,000
100
55,000
Gas,
100,000
40
375,000
Glass,
831,076
647
759,400
Glue,
34,625
18
19,700
Gold and silver leaf,
43,000
36
11,200
Gunpowder,
246,357
77
160,800
Hats,
698,086
867
India rubber, ....
18,000
13
10.000
Iron castings, bar and rod, &c.,
1,658,670
1,311
1,516,025
Jewelry, silver, and silver plate,
325,500
207
161,550
148
MASSACHUSETTS.
[1839.
Articles Manufactued or Produced.
Value.
Lead manufactures, .
Leather, including morocco,
Looking-glasses,
Lumber, shingles, and staves,
Machinery of various kinds,
Muskets, rifles, pistols, swords, &c.,
Nails, brads, and tacks.
Oil, (refined, whale and other oil,)
Organs and pianofortes,
Paper, .....
Ploughs,
Saddles, trunks, and whips,
Salt,
Shovels, spades, forks, and hoes,
Silk,
Spectacles, starch, stone and earthen
ware, .....
Spirits,
Stone, (granite, marble, slate, and
soap-stone,) ....
Stoves and stove pipe,
Sugar, (refined,) ....
SnufF and cigars,
Tin ware, . . . .
Tools, (carpenters', joiners', and shoe-
makers',) ....
Types and stereotypes.
Umbrellas, ....
Upholstery, including bed-binding,
curtains, hair, and paper-hangings,
Vessels built in the five years pre-
ceding 1st of April, 1837,
Varnish and beeswax, .
Window-blinds, sashes, and doors,
Wire,
Wooden ware, including packing-
boxes, rakes, shoe-pegs, yokes, and
helves, .....
Wool,
Woollen goods, ....
Engravings, essences, hosiery, lamp-
black, mathematical instruments,
mustard, razor-straps, lather-boxes,
pumps, blocks, ttc. &c.,
Total,
Hands,
employ'd,
201,400
3,254,416
105.500
167;778
1,235,390
230,800
2,527,095
2,030,321
324,2"0
1,544,230
54,561
351 ,.575
246,059
264,709
56,150
35,560
1 ,238,789
680,782
31,000
976,454
184,601
394,322
258,.531
157,000
104,500
55,483
6,853,248
52,600
74,166
4,770
174,692
539,689
10,399,807
63,466
43
1,798
58
121
1,399
394
1,095
145
239
1,173
73
758
708
284
125
47
1,177
13
92
396
377
279
215
136
86
2,834
8
93
53
313
7,097
117
Cnpital
Invested.
$ 6,400
2,033,423
61.600
27,750
1,146,775
05,943
1,974.000
1,133,500
172,000
1,167,700
109,825
801,753
225 ,.523
137,000
20,974
209,950
11,815
303,653
33,300
110,807
140.000
56,,500
13,160
9,000
8,350
44,200
26,950
2,842,778
5,770,750
19,073
^91,765,215 117,352 $54,851,643
It will be perceived that the Summary includes the vessels built in the
ve preceding ijears. If, instead of the whole value of the vessels, one
fifth of the value is taken, as the proper average for a single year,
there will remain the sum of $86,282,616, as the value of the arti-
cles manufactured or produced by the several specified branches of
1839.] MASSACHUSETTS. 149
industry, carried on by the citizens of the State, during the year end-
ing April 1st, 1837.
It is to be observed, that this Summary embraces none of the products
of those great branches of industry, agrictilture and commerce, with the
exception of that portion which concerns shee-p and fisheries ; and, of
course, falls far short of presenting a complete view of the products of
the State.
Militia Regulations.
The militia of this" State comprises 7 divisions, each commanded by
a Major- General and 16 brigades, each under the command of a Brig-
adier-General.
Bi
rigades.
Major-Generals.
1st Division,
3
Suffolk and Norfolk,
Edward W. Bradley,
of Roxbury.
2d do.
2
Essex,
Benjamin Stickney,
of Newbuiy.
3d do.
2
Middlesex,
Samuel Chandler,
of Lexington.
4th do.
^!
1 Hampshire, Hampden, )
[ and Franklin, J
Wm. H. Mosely,
of Northampton,
5th do.
3J
Bristol, Plymouth, |
Barnstable, &c. \
Jas. D. Thompson,
of New Bedford,
6th do.
2
Worcester,
Aaron W. Gibbs,
of Leominster.
7th do.
2
Berkshire,
Lyman Ludd,
of Lenox.
Every able-bodied white citizen, resident within the commonwealth,
who is of the age of 18 years and under the age of 45, excepting per-
sons exempted, is enrolled in the militia.
Persons exempted from military duty, consist of officers in the gov-
ernment of the United States, including postmasters, post-riders, dri-
vers of mail-coaches, custom-house clerks, »fec. ; certain state officers,
as judges, registers of probate, sheriffs ; persons who have held military
commissions, ministers of the gospel, Quakers, Shakers, enginemen,
&c.
Every company is paraded by the commanding officer on the 1st
Tuesday in May, annually, at 1 o'clock, P. M., for the purpose of
inspecting arms and equipments. — Each commanding officer of a com-
pany is required to parade his company, by his own order, one day in
each year, for discipline and instruction. There are also an inspection
and review, in each year, under the direction of the commanding officer
of each division, in such bodies and corps, and at such times, as the
commanding officer may think expedient j provided that no regiment
or battalion be divided.
The equipments with which each soldier is to be furnished, coHsist of
a good musket, bayonet, belt, two spare flints, knapsack, cartridge-box,
24 cartridges : — or with a good rifle, knapsack, shot-pouch, powder-
horn, 20 balls, and ^ lb. of powder.
The fine of a non-commissioned officer or private soldier, for non-
appearance at the inspection on the 1st Tuesday in May, is $ 4 ; — at
any company training $d; — at the inspection and review, $ 5.
13*
150 MASSACHUSETTS. [1839.
Abstract of the School Returns for 1837.
No. of Towns which have raade returns, (no returns from 13
towns,) 294
Population, (May 1, 1837,) 691,222
Valuation, (18.30,) $206,457,6(52 58
No of Public Schools, 2,918
No. of Scholars of all ages in all the Schools, < ^ o ' loo'mua
^ ' (^ in Summer, V^^jOad
A *, A • ,u o I, 1 Un Winter, . . 111,520 !
Average attendance in the Schools, s • o o^ a^a ;
^ ' ( in Summer, . . 94, yob j
No. of Persons between 4 and 16 years of age, . . . 177,053
Average length of the Schools in months and days, . . 6 25
No. of Teachers, (including Summer and C Males, . . 2,370
Winter terms,) I Females, . . 3,591
A A tu • ^ A- u A C To Males, $25.44
Average wages paid per month, including board, } ^^ Females, $11.38
Amount of money raised by taxes for the support of
Schools, • . . . $465,223.04
Amount raised by taxes for Teachers' wages, including
board, if paid from the public money, . . . $387,124.17
Amount raised voluntarily to prolong Common Schools,
including fuel and board, if contributed, . . . $48,301.15
No. of Academies or Private Schools, .... 854
Aggregate of months kept, 5,619
Aggregate of Scholars, ....... 27,266
Aggregate paid for tuition, $328,026.75
Amount of Local Funds, $189,536.24
Income from same, ........$ 9,.^>71 .79
Income of the School Fund, apportioned January, 1838, $ 19,970.47
V. RHODE ISLAND.
Government
For the Year ending on the 1st Wednesday in May, 1839.
Salary.
William Sprague, of Warwick, Governor, $400
Joseph Child, Lieutenant-Governor, 200
Henry Bowen, of Providence, Secretary of State, 750 & fees.
William S. Nichols, Treasurer, 450
Albert C. Greene, of Providence, Attorney- General, Fees.
The Senate is composed of the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and
10 Senators.
The House of Representatives is composed of 72 members, elected
semi-annually, in April and August. George Curtis, Speaker.
1839.] RHODE ISLAND. 151
Judiciary.
The judiciary power is vested in a Supreme Court, and a Court of
Common Pleas for each of the five counties. All the judges are ap-
pointed annually by the General Assembly.
Supreme Court.
Salary.
! Job Durfee, of Tiverton, Chief Justice, $650
' Levi Haile, of Warren, Associate Justice^ 550
i! Wm. R. Staples, of Providence, do. 550
Each of the courts of Common Pleas comprises 5 judges, who have
I no salaries, but are paid by entries.
1 Militia.
!
j The militia of this State comprises one division and 4 regiments. —
I James G. Anthony, Major- General.
Military duty is required of able-bodied white men from the age of
' 18 to 45, excepting various State and United States judicial and civil
I officers, clergymen, physicians, officers and students of Brown Univer-
sity, firemen, drivers of mail-stages, &c.
' The militia are called out twice annually, on the 1st Monday in April
, by companies, and in the month of September by regiments or bat-
I talions.
Soldiers are required to be equipped with a good musket or firelock,
bayonet, belt, cartridge-box, and knapsack; or with a rifle, shot-pouch,
powder-horn, &c.
The fine of a non-commissioned officer or soldier for non-appearance
at a company training is $ 2; at a regimental muster, $5.
VI. CONNECTICUT.
Government
For the Year ending on the 1st Wednesday of May, 1839.
Salary.
Wm. W. Ellsworth, of Hartford, Governor, $1,100
Charles Hawley, of Stamford, Lieut -Gov. Sf- Pres. Senate, 300
Hiram Rider, of Hartford, Treasurer, 1,000
Royal R. Hinman, do. Secretary, $ 84 & fees.
Henry Kilbourn, do. Comptroller, 1,000
Seth P. Beers, Commissioner of the School Fund, 1,250
152
CONNECTICUT.
[1839.
Judiciary.
Supreme and Superior Court.
Salary.
Thomas S. Williams,
of Hartford,
Chief Justice,
$1,100
Clark Bissell,
of Fairfield,
Associate Justice,
1,050
Samuel Church,
of Salisbury,
do.
1,050
Jabez W. Huntington,
of Norwich,
do.
1,050
Henry M. Waite,
of Lyme,
do.
1,050
Thomas Day,
of Hartford,
Militia.
Reporter,
350
The militia of this State comprises three divisions, commanded by
the following Major- Generals.
1st Division, James L. Pratt, of Hartford.
2d do. Sands Adams, of Stamford,
3d do. Waterman C. Clark.
All able-bodied white citizens from the age of 18 to 45 (of those from
35 to 45 but little is required), are subject to perform militia duty, ex-
cept various judicial and civil officers of the State and United States,
men who have held military commissions for a term of years, and have
been honorably discharged, licensed physicians and surgeons, ministers
of the gospel, presidents, professors, tutors, and students of colleges.
Military duty is required to be performed three days in a year.
Every soldier is required to be equipped in the manner prescribed by
the act of Congress ; and the fine for non-appearance is $4.
VII. NEW YORK.
William L. Marct,
John Tracy,
Azariah C. Flagg,
Philip Fhelpg,
George W. Newell,
Gamaliel H. Barstow,
Peter Keyser,
John A. Dix,
Archibald Campbell,
Government.
Governor ; term of office expires
Jan. 1, 1839.
Lieut.' Gov. and Pres. Senate ; pay >
J^" 6 a day during the Session. )
Comptroller,
1st Deputy- Comptroller,
'2d do.
treasurer,
Deputy- Treasurer,
Sec. State and Supcrint. Com. Schools,
Dep. Sec. Sf Clerk of Com. of Land Office, 1,500
Salary.
$4,000
2,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,300
1,750
1839.]
NEW YORK.
153
Samuel Beardsley,
Orville L. Holley,
S. Van Rensselaer,
Samuel Young,
William C. Bouck,
Jonas Earll, Jr.
John Bowman,
William Baker,
Charles Stebhins,
George R. Davis,
Lewis Eaton,
Attorney- General^
Surveyor- General,
Salary.
1,000
800
of Albany,
of Ballston-Spa,
of Fultonham,
of Ononc aga,
of Rochester,
of Springfield,
of Cazenovia,
of Troy,
of Lockport,
Canal- Com., (President.)
do.
Acting Canal- Commis. 2,000
do. 2,000
do. 2,000
do. 2,000
Bank- Commissioner, 2,000
do. 2,000
do. 2,000
Legislature.
The Senate consists of 32 members, who are elected for four years,
8 being chosen annually. Pay, ^3 a day. ioYvnUxdiCy, President.
The House of Representatives consists of 128 members. Pay, .«^ 3 a
day.
Judiciary.
Court of Chancery.
Reuben Hyde "Walworth,
James Porter,
John Walworth,
Alonzo C. Paige,
of Albany, Chancellor,
do. Register,
of New York, Assist. Reg.
of Schenectady, Reporter,
Salary.
$2,500
Fees.
do.
500
Vice- Chancellor's Court.
W. T. McCoun, of New York, 1st Circuit, Vice-Chan., $ 2,000 & fees.
The judges in the other seven circuits are vice-chancellors for their
respective circuits.
Supreme Court.
Samuel Nelson, of Cooperstown, Chief Justice.
Greene C. Bronson, of Albany, Associate Justice,
Esek Cowon, of Saratoga Springs, do.
John L. Wendell, of Albany, Reporter,
Salary.
$ 2,500
2,500
2,500
500
154 NEW YORK. [1839.
Circuit Courts.
There are eight Circuit Courts, with eight Judges, and the circuit«
correspond, in territory and name, to the eight senate districts.
Judges.
Circuits.
Ogden Edwards,
1st Circuit,
Charles H. Ruggles,
2d "
James Vanderpoel,
3d "
John Willard,
4th "
Philo Gridley,
5th "
Robert Monell,
Cth ''
Daniel Moseley,
7th "
Addison Gardner,
8th "
Residences.
Salary.
New York,
$1,600
Poughkeepsie,
1,600
Albany,
1,600
Salem,
1,600
Hamilton,
1,600
Greene,
1,600
Onondaga,
1,600
Rochester,
1,600
JVew York.
Salary.
$ 2,500
e,
2,500
2,500
Samuel Jones, Chief Justice,
Daniel B. Tallmadge, ..Associate Justice,
Thomas J. Oakley, do.
J. P. Hall, Reporter. Charles A. Clinton, Clerk.
The regular terms of this court are on the first Monday of each
month.
Court of Common Pleas.
Courts of Common Pleas are held in each county in the State, con-
sisting of a first judge, and four assistant justices.
Common Schools.
Amount of the School Fund, Sept. 30th, 1837, . . ,^1,919,647.68
Number of School Districts in 864 towns in the State, 10,207
Number of School Districts that made returns in 1837, 9,718
Number of Children taught in the Districts returned, 524,188
Number of Children between 5 and 15 or 16, in those Districts, 536,882
Sum apportioned to the School Districts by the Commis-
sioners of the Common Schools, April, 1837, $ 342,811 .62
Tolls of the New York Canals, in 1836 and 1837.
1836. 1837.
Erie Canal, $1,440,539.87 $1,144,170.21
Champlain do. 115,425.24 94,726.31
Oswego do. 30,469.83 21.092.92
Cayuga and Seneca do. 20,.523,43 15,968.47
Chemung do. 5,066.20 4,331.60
Crooked Lake do. 2,311.86 1,521 15
Chenango do, 10,812.72
Total, $1,614,336.43 $1,293,623.38
1839.] NEW YORK. 155
QaANTITY AND VaLUE OF PROPERTY CLEARED ON THE NeW YoRK
Canals in 1837.
Tons. Value.
mu IP * C Fur and Peltry, 754 ^1,628,934
The 1 crest, ^ Product of Wood, 618,741 6,146,716
(Product of Animals, 21,830 3,873,206
Agriculture, ^ Vegetable Food, 181,399 11,706,469
r All other agricultural products, 4,814 621,656
Manufactures, 81,735 6,390,485
Other Articles 168,000 3,134,766
Total, . . 1,071,296 $55,809,288
Quantity and Value of Articles arriving at Tide- Water on
the Hudson in 1834, 1835, 1836, and 1837.
Tons. Value. Tons. Value.
1834, 553,596 $13,405,022 1836, 696,347 $26,932,470
1835, 753,191 20,525,446 1837, 611,781 21,822,354
Comparative Statement of the Property which arrived at Tide- Water in
1835 and 1837, on the Aew York and Pennsylvania Canals.
1835. 1837.
Tons. Value. I Tons. Value.
New York Canals, 753,191 $20,525,446 611,781 $21,822,354
Pennsylvania do. 217,011 8,855,584 227,173 7,771,000
Difference, 536,180 $11,669,862 \ 384,608 $14,051,354
Statement showing the Miles and Capital of Canals and Railroads in the
State of New York, completed, commenced, and authorized, and whether
by the State or Incorporated Companies.
Description of work.
State Canals finished, ....
Erie Canal, enlargement authorized, (say,) .
State Canals commenced, ....
Private Canals finished, .....
Private Canals commenced,
i Total Canals,
I
1 Incorporated Railroad Companies finished,
I Incorporated Railroad Companies commenced,
i Incorporated Railroad Companies authorized,
I Total Railroads,
i Canals and Railroads finished,
' Canals and Railroads commenced, .
i Canals and Railroads authorized,
jErie Canal, enlargement authorized, (say,)
Total Canals and Railroads, 3,833 $89,261,711
Miles.
Capital.
655
$11,962,711
15,000,000
168
6,200,000
122
2,420,000
28
1 ,550,000
973
$37,132,711
218
$ 5,065,000
938
16,000,000
1,704
31,064,000
2,860
$52,129,000
995
$19,447,711
1,134
23,750,000
1,704
31,004,000
15,000,000
156
NEW YORK.
Militia.
[]839.
The militia of this State comprises 3 divisions of cavalry, 4 of artil-
lery, 3 of riflemen, and 32 of infantry, as follows : —
Cavalry.
Major-Generals. Div.
S. Van Rensselaer, Albany.
Div.
1st
2d
B. Arnold,
Amsterdam.
3d
Major-Generals.
Peter Himrod,
Ovid.
Artillery.
1st
2d
1st
2d
3d
4th
5th
6th
7 th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
Ch. W. Sandford, N. York. 3d Jacob Richraan,
A. C. Whitlock, Ephratah. 4th Edward Cole,
Infantry.
H. F. Jones, Oyster-Bay. IGth
B. M. Van Buren, Castleton.
James 1. Jones, N. York.
Aaron Ward, Sing-Sing.
G. Ogden Fowler, Mewb'gh.
C. E. Wynkoop, Marbl'town.
John Brush, Poughkeepsie.
John C. Johnston,
S. Van Rensselaer, Jr.,
Albany.
Orville Clark, Sandy Hill.
St. John B. L. Skinner,
Plattsburgh.
Watertown.
Manlius.
Middleport.
Abner Baker,
Samuel Comstock, Clinton.
Isaac M. Schermerhorn,
Schenectady.
Samuel Stewart,
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
22d
23d
24th
2oth
26th
27th
28th
29th
30th
31st
32d
Walter Holt, Springfield.
I. S. Spencer, Canastota.
O. Hutchinson, Onondaga.
Sam. G. Hathaway, Solon.
D. D. Minier, S. Lansing.
J. D. Mott, Lodi, Seneca.
J. A. Granger, Canandaigua.
Abner Hubbard, Rochester.
James Wisner, New Fane.
Th. Dole, Pike, Allegany.
J. McGlashan, Rutledge.
P. Stanton, Middlebury.
Garret H. Striker, N. York.
J. Crawford, Columbia Vil.
Otto F.Marshall, Wheeler.
Geo. S. Doughty, N. York.
John Lloyd, N. York.
Rijlemen.
1st Albert T. Dunham, Madison, I 3d Samuel Budd, Angelica.
2d V. G. Barnes, Newark. |
All able-bodied, free, white male citizens between the ages of 18 and
45 years, are subject to military duty, except various United States and
State judicial and civil officers, ministers of the gospel, teachers and
students in colleges and academies, and teachers of common schools,
firemen, &c.
The militia are required to be paraded annually by companies on the
1st Monday of September, and by regiments or separate battalions be-
tween the 1st of September and the 15th of October.
The fine for non-appearance of every non-commissioned officer and
private, at a company parade, is $ 2 ; at a regimental or battalion parade,
$ 2 to 5.
1839.]
NEW JERSEY.
J 57
VIII. NEW JERSEY.
GOVERNMENT.
Salary.
William S. Pennington, of Newark, Governor, and, ex officio,
Chancellor of State (term of office expires Oct. 1838). $2,000
[and fees as Chancellor.
Andrew Parsons, of Paterson Co. Vice-Pres. Legislative Council,
[3.50 a day.
James D. Westcott, of Trenton,
Lewis Condict, of Morris Co.
Ralph M. Shreve, of Trenton,
Robert E. Horner, of Princeton,
Isaac Southard, of Trenton,
Stacy G. Potts, of Trenton,
Secretary of State, 50 and fees.
Speaker of the House
of Assembly, 3.50 a day.
Clerk of do. 3.50 a day.
Clerk of the Legislative
Council, 3.50 a day.
Treasurer, (elected
annually) 1,000
Clerk in Chancery, Fees.
Judiciary.
Court of .Appeals and Pardons.
This court is composed of the Governor, who is, ex officio, President
Judge, and 14 .Associate Judges, who are elected annually. This court
holds two terms annually at Trenton.
Court of Chancery.
The Governor of the State is Chancellor ; and this court holds four
terms annually at Trenton.
Supreme Court.
Term expires.
Joseph C. Hornblower, of Newark, Chief Justice, 18.39
Gabriel H. Ford,
John Moore White,
William L. Dayton,
One Vacancy.
Zachariah Rossel,
James S. Green,
Richard S. Field,
of Morristown,
of Trenton,
of Freehold,
Associate Justice, 1841
do. 1844
do. 1844
do.
Clerk, 1842
Reporter, 1837
Salary.
$ 1 ,500
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
Fees.
200
Attorney- General 1838 80 & fees.
of Trenton,
of Princeton,
of do.
The Supreme Court holds four terms each year at Trenton ; on the
last Tuesday in February, 2d Tuesday in May, 1st in September, and
14
158 NEW JERSEY. [1839.
2d in November; and the judges of this court hold Circuit Courts and
Courts of Oyer and Terminer four times a year in each county, except
the counties of Atlantic and Cape May, in which two terms only are held.
Inferior courts of Common Pleas are held four times in a year, in each
county, by judges appointed by the legislature, who receive no salary,
and the number of whom is not limited by any law. Courts of Quarter
Sessions of the Peace are held at the same time for the trial of offend.
ers; but crimes of magnitude are reserved for the Oyer and Terminer.
The number of Counsellors and Attorneys in the State, in 1836, ac-
cording to the New Jersey Register, was 186.
Finances and School Fund.
Receipts into the Treasury during the year ending in Oct.
1837, including a balance on hand in Oct. 1836, of
;^ 10,306.08, $135,548.81 •_
Disbursements during the year, 133,015.73
Amount of the School Fund in Oct. 1837, ^ 269,060.68
Do, do. 1836, 254,575.56
Increase, after deducting ^20,000, distributed to the
counties, 11,^85.12
Militia.
The militia of this State comprises four divisions. — All able-bodied,
white, male citizens from the age of 21 (in time of peace, and 18 in time
of war) to 45 are subject to perform militia duty, except various ju-
dicial and civil officers of the State and United States, ministers of the
gospel, students of divinity and of colleges, mail carriers, and mariners.
Military duty by regiment and independent battalions is required
once only every year ; and by brigade at the direction of the brigade
board.
The equipment required is a musket. The fine for non-appearance
of a commissioned officer is $ 5 ; of a non-commissioned officer or
private $ 2.
1839.]
PENNSYLVANIA.
159
IX. PENNSYLVANIA.
Government.
Joseph Ritner, Governor, (term of office expires on the 3d
Thomas H. Burrowes,
Joseph Wallace,
Daniel Sturgeon,
Nathaniel P. Hobart,
John Taylor,
John Gebhart,
William Piper,
Henry G. Rogers,
Charles B. Penrose,
Lewis Dewart,
Thaddeus Stevens,
John Dickey,
E. F. Pennypacker,
Salary.
f, 1839,)
$4,000
Secretary,
1,600
Deputy Secretary of State.
State Treasurer,
1,G00
Auditor- General,
1,GOO
Surveyor- General,
i,4oa
Secretary of the Land Office,
1,400
Adjutant- General.
State Geologist,
2,000
Speaker of the Senate,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Canal Commissioners.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court.
Salary.
Chief Justice, $2,666.67
Associate Justice^ 2,000.00
do. 2,000.00
do. 2,000.00
do. 2,000.00
Mtorney- General, 300 and fees
Prothonotary for East District, Fees.
The judges of the Supreme Court receive, in addition to their salaries,
$4 a day " while on the circuits, as a full allowance for travelling ex-
1 penses."
I They hold court in bank, once a year, in four several districts ; —
! 1st, for the Eastern District, in Philadelphia ; 2d, for the Middle Dis-
I trict, at Harrisburg; 3d, for the Northern District, at Sunbury ; 4th, for
i the Western District, at Pittsburg.
\ . " .
District Courts.
There are three District Courts in the State, which are invested with
j the civil jurisdiction of the Common Pleas, in their respective Districts,
in all cases exceeding a certain amount.
John B. Gibson,
Molton C. Rogers,
Charles Huston,
John Kennedy,
Thomas Sergeant,
William B. Reed,
Joseph Smith,
160
PENNSYLVANIA.
[1639.
District Court for the City and County of Philadelphia.
Thomas McKean Petit,
George M. Stroud,
Joel Jones,
Franklin Coinly,
President Judge,
Judge,
do.
Prothonotary.
Salary.
$2,000
2,000
2,000
Salary.
$2,000
Salary.
$2,000
District Court for the City and County of Lancaster.
Alexander L. Hayes, Judge,
District Court for the County of Allegheny.
Robert C. Grier, Judge,
Courts of Common Pleas.
The State is divided into the 19 following Judicial Districts, for the
sessions of the Court of Common Fleas. The President Judge of the
District of Philadelphia and the Associate Judges have each a salary
of $2,000. The President Judge of the 5th Judicial District, composed
of the county of Allegheny, including the city of Pittsburg, has a salary
of $2,000. The President Judges, in all the other districts, have salaries
of $ 1,600, and their associates, $200.
Districts. President Judges.
1. Philadelphia, Edward King.
Archibald Randall and John R. Jones, Associate Judges.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Lancaster, ......
Berks, Northampton, and Lehigh,
Huntingdon, Mifflin, Centre, and Clearfield,
Allegheny, ......
Erie, Crawford, and Venango,
Bucks and Montgomery, ....
Northumberland, Lycoming, Union, & Columbia, Ellis Lewis
Cumberland, Perry, and Juniata, . . John Reed.
Westmoreland, Indiana, Armstrong, & Cambria, Thos. White.
Orestus Collins.
John Banks.
Thos. Burnside.
Trevanian B. Dallas.
Henry Shippen.
John Fox.
Luzerne, Wayne, and Pike,
Dauphin, Lebanon, and Schuylkill,
Susquehanna, Bradford, and Tioga,
^\'ashington, Fayette, and Greene,
Chester and Delaware,
Franklin, Bedford, and Somerset,
Beaver, Butler, and Mercer,
Porter, McKean, Warren, and Jefferson,
York and Adams, ....
— Jesup.
Calvin Blythe.
Edward Herrick.
Nathaniel Ewing.
Isaac Darlington.
Alex. Thompson.
John Bredin.
Nath'l B. Eldred.
Daniel Durkee.
1839.] PENNSYLVANIA. 161
Public Debt.
[From the Report of the State Treasurer, Dec. 7, 1837.]
Loans not pertaining to Canals and Railroads, $1,680,000.00
Loan for Eastern Penitentiary, per act 'ilst March, 1831, 120,000.00
Union Canal Company, 1st March, 1833, 200,000.00
Temporary Loan, per act 16th June, 1836, 100,000.00
Debts due by appropriations, &c. to miscellaneous ob-
jects, 861,621.42
Debts pertaining to public improvements, by canal and
railroads, 22,229,003.32
Debt due United States, account of Surplus Revenue, 2,867,514.78
$28,058,139.52
Public Property.
Bank stock, $2,108,700.00
Turnpike and Bridge stock, 2,595,992.40
Canal and Navigation stock, 410,000.00
Danville and Pottsville Railroad stock, 21,237.54
The public works, canals, railroads, and bridges con-
nected therewith, 23,851,023.93
To which may be added moneys due on lands, say 1,000,000.00
$29,986,953.87
Income of Canals and Railroads,
During the year ending JSfov. 1, 1837, as stated by the Report of the
Canal Commissioners.
At the period of the last annual report, circumstances existed that
fully .warranted the Board in estimating the probable amount of revenue,
from the Canals and Railroads of the State, at $ 1,300,000. The amount
of this estimate has not been realized. During the season many de-
partments of the industry and trade of the Commonwealth, received a
severe check from the operations of extraneous causes, beyond the
power of the State to control, which produced such effects, upon her
commerce and business, that, instead of realizing the amount of the
estimate, there have been only paid into the Treasury :
Canal Tolls, ..... $473,261.11
Railway, ...... 285,504.01
Motive Power, . ... . 216,585.37
Whole amount, . , . $975,350.49
But exceeding the receipts of last year, . $137,544.77
Though falling short of the estimate, . . 324,649.60
14*
162
PENNSYLVANIA.
[1839.
Education.
The following facts and statements relating to education are derived
from the " Fourth Annual Report on the Common Schools, Academies,
and Colleges of Pennsylvania, by Thomas H. Burrowes, Superintend-
ent," made Feb. 19, 1838.
Synopsis of Common Schools.
Whole number of Districts,
1837. 1838.
Difterenc.
987
1,001
14
Number of paid Districts,
603
765
162
Number of Districts that reported,
573 1 664
91
Whole number of Schools,
3,384 4,089
705
Whole number of Teachers,
3,394 4,841
1,447
Whole number of Scholars,
139.604 182,.':{55
42,751
Average compensation of Male Teachers.
$18 38 $18.89^
.51i
Do. Female do.
$11.96 $11.79<^
.16i
Duration of teaching.
4 ra. 3 d. 6 m.OJd.
lm.27H-
Cost of each Pupil per quarter,
$1.06^1 $1.27i
.211
Of the 4,841 teachers, 3,351 were males, and 1,490 females. Of the
4,089 schools, 86 were German, 22 endowed schools, and 17 for colored.
Of the 182,355 5cAoZar5, 3,612 were exclusively German, 922 in endowed
schools, and 714 colored. Of the whole number of schoolhouses re-
ported, 1,577 were log houses, 1,053 frame, 290 stone, and 285 brick.
The ordinary annual appropriation of school money is $200,000, pay-
able to the districts in the ratio of their taxable inhabitants. In addition
to this, the legislature, in 1837, made a schoolhouse appropriation of
$ 500,000, to be distributed in 1838.
The conditions on which the districts receive their portion of the
state appropriation, are, that they accept the school system, and assess a
tax at least equal to their proportion of the appropriation. Tlie whole
number of Districts (townships, boroughs, and wards) in the State, ex-
clusive of the city and county of Philadelphia and the city of Lancaster,
is stated at 1001, of which 765 are accepting districts, having assessed a
tax and received their appropriation during the past year. The non-
accepting districts are chiefly in the populous counties of Berks, Leba-
non, Bucks, Montgomery, Chester, Lancaster, York, Dauphin, &c.
The city and county of Philadelphia and city of Lancaster, having
peculiar systems of their own, are not subject to the school law, except
that the former receives an annual share of the common school appro-
priation. The whole expenditure during the year, for the purpose of
education in the public schools, in the city and county of Philadelphia,
was $ 191,616.25 ; the number of pupils in the public schools 17,000.
About 50 County Academies have received aid from the State, varying
from $2,000 to $5,000 each, exclusive of land. Of these 21 reported,
m
1839.] PENNSTLTANIA. 163
during the last year, 1,188 students. Nine Colleges (one of them, the
Western University, not now in operation in a collegiate capacity)
made reports, exhibiting, in the aggregate, 841 students, exclusive of
such as belonged to the preparatory departments.
Militia.
The militia of this State comprises 16 divisions and 33 brigades; —
(in 1837) 171j053 individuals: — volunteers — cavalry 4,699, artillery
2,842, riflemen 11,392, infantry 14,813 : — total, 204,799.
Divisions. — Counties. Major-Generals.
1. Philadelphia City and County, . . Robert Patterson.
. 2. Bucks and Montgomery, .... John Davis.
3. Chester and Delaware, .... George Hartman.
4. Lancaster, . . . . . . David Miller. r
5. York and Adams, Andrew Duncan.
6. Dauphin, Lebanon, and parts of Bucks and
Schuylkill, George McKim.
. 7. Northampton, Pike, and Lehigh, . . Matthew Selfridge.
8. Northumberland, Union, Luzerne, Susque-
hanna, and Wayne, .... Abbot Green.
9. Lycoming, Potter, McKean, Bradford, and
Tioga, William Patton.
10. Mifflin, Centre, Huntingdon, and Clearfield, D. R. Porter.
11. Cumberland and Perry, . . . . S. Alexander.
12. Bedford, Somerset, and Cambria, . . George Ross.
13. Westmoreland and Fayette, . . . Gideon John.
14. Washington and Greene, . . . W. McWilliams.
15. Allegheny, Armstrong, Indiana, and Jefferson, J. M. Davis.
16. Beaver, Butler, Mercer, Crawford, Erie,
Venango, and Warren, . . . W. W. Perkins.
All free, able-bodied, white, male persons between the ages of 18 and
45 are enrolled in the militia, except various United States and State
judicial and civil officers ; also ministers of religion, teachers in univer-
sities, academies, and schools, mail-stage drivers, ferrymen, &c. But
no enrolled militiaman under the age of 21 is required to parade or
train.
The militia are required to be paraded and trained once annually by
companies on the 1st Monday in May ; and on one day annually by
battalions or regiments, beginning on the 2d Monday in May, and con-
tinuing every day in the week; Sundays excepted, till all the battalions
of the brigade have paraded. No equipments are required of the militia.
Fines for non-appearance, of every field ofl3cer$5; of every staflT
officer and captain, ^ 3 ; of every subaltern officer, $2; of every non-
commissioned officer and private, $ 1.
164 PENNSYLVANIA. [1839.
Outlines of the Amended Constitution.
The Amended Constitution was signed at Philadelphia by the officers
and members of the convention by whom it was amended, on the 22d
of February, 1838.
The letrislative power is vested in a General Assembly, consisting of a
Senate and House of Representatives.
The representatives are chosen annually on the 2d Tuesday of Octo-
ber, by the citizens of Philadelphia and of each county respectively,
apportioned according to the number of taxable inhabitants. The num-
ber cannot be less than 60 nor more than 100.
The senators are chosen for 3 years, one third being elected annually,
at the time of the election of representatives. Their number cannot be
less than one fourth, nor greater than one third of the number of repre-
sentatives.
The General Assembly meets annually on the 1st Tuesday of January,
unless sooner convened by the governor.
The supreme executive power is vested in a Governor, who is chosen
on the 2d Tuesday of Octobfr, and who holds his office during 3 years
from the 3d Tuesday of January next ensuing his election ; and he
cannot hold it longer than 6 years in any term of 9 years.
In elections by the citizens, every white freeman of the age of 21
years, having resided in the State one year, and, in the election district
where he offers his vote, 10 days immediately preceding such election,
and within two years, paid a State or county tax, which shall have been
assessed at least 10 days before the election, enjoys the rights of an
elector.
The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, in courts of oyer
and terminer, and general jail delivery, in a court of common pleas,
orphans' court, register's court, and a court of quarter sessions of the
peace for each county, in justices of the peace, and in such other courts
as the legislature may from time to time establish.
The judges of the supreme court, courts of common pleas, and other
courts of record, are appointed by the governor with the consent of the
senate ; the judges of the supreme court for the term of 15 years, the
president judges for the courts of common pleas, and other courts of
record, for 10 years, and the associate judges of the courts of common
pleas for 5 years.
'' The legislature shall, as soon as conveniently may be, provide, by
law, for the establishment of schools throughout the State in such man-
ner that the poor may be taught gratis."
1839.] DELAWARE. J65
X. DELAWARE.
Government.
Salaiy.
Cornelius P. Comegys, of Kent Co., Governor, (term of office
expires on the 3d Tuesday in January, 1841,) ^1,333 J
Charles Marion, oi^ Kent Co., Secretary of State, 400
George S. Adkins, of Milton, Auditor, 500
Peter S. Parker, do. State Treasurer, 500
Presly Spruance, Jr., of Smyrna, Speaker of the Senate.
William D. Waples, of Millsborough, Speaker of the House of Repre-
sentatives.
Pay of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives,
$ 3,00 a day.
JUDICIARV.
Superior Court.
Salary.
John M. Clayton, of Dover, Chief Justice, ^1,200
James R. Black, of New Castle, Associate Justice, 1,000
Samuel M. Harrington, of Dover, do. 1,000
Caleb S. Layton, of Georgetown, do. 1,000
Court of Chancery.
Kensey Johns, Jun. J of New Castle, Chancellor, 1,100
James Rogers, do. Attorney- General, ^350 & fees.
MlHTIA.
The latest return of the militia of this State, according to the state-
ment of George Bomford, Colonel of Ordnance, dated Nov. 20, 1837,
. is for the year 1827, when the number was 9,229. — A correspondent
states; " There is no militia law enforced in this State."
XL MARYLAND.
Government.
Salary in 1839.
Thomas W. Veazey, of Cecil Co., Governor ; (term of office
expires on the 1st Monday in January, 1839.) [The
Salary of the Governor heretofore $2,666| ; in future
$4,200.] $4,200
166
MARYLAND.
Secretary of States
Treasurer^ Western Shore,
Treasurer, Eastern Shore,
Geologist of the State,
Engineer of the State Survey,
Surveyor- General,
John H. Culbreth, Annapolis,
George Mackubin, do.
Wm. K. Lambdin,
Julius T. Ducatel, Baltimore,
John H. Alexander, do.
Tiiomas Karney, Annapolis,
Josiah Baylv, Dorchester Co., Attorney- General,
Hugh W. Evans, Baltimore, Commissioner of Loans,
George G. Brewer, Annapolis,
David Ridgely, do.
John N. Watkins, do.
Richard Thomas, St. Mary's Co
Register of the Land Office,
Stale Librarian,
Adjutant- General,
President of the Senate,
[1839.
Salary.
$ 2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
800
Fees.
Fees.
Fees.
1,000
500
Wm. H. Tuck, Upper Marlboro', Speaker of the House of Delegates.
[The State Library is kept in the State-House at Annapolis, and con-
tains 10,000 volumes.]
Judiciary.
Court of Chancery,
Theodorick Bland, Annapolis,
Ramsay Waters, do.
Alexander Randall, do.
Appointed.
1824, Chancellor,
Register.
Auditor,
Salary.
^3,60a
Fees.
John Buchanan,
John Stephen,
Stephenson Archer,
Thomas B. Dorsey,
Ezek. F. Chambers,
Ara Spence,
Richard W. Gill,
Court of Appeals.
Appointed.
Williamsport, 1824,
Bladensburg, 1821,
Bel-Air, 1823,
Ellicott's Mills, 1824,
Chestertovvn, 1835,
Snow Hill,
Annapolis,
Salary.
Chief Judge,
^2,500
Associate Judge,
2,200
do.
3,000
do.
2,200
do.
2,200
do.
2,200
Clerk and Reporter, Fees.
Court of the City of Baltimore.
Salary.
Nicholas Brice, Chief Judge, $2,400
W. G. D. Worthington, Associate Judge, ],500
Alexander Nesbit, do. 1,500
The State is divided into six judicial districts, each comprising two,
three, or four counties. For each district there are a chief judge and
two associates, who constitute the County Courts for the respective
counties in the district. These are the common law courts of original
jurisdiction in the State ; and they have jurisdiction of all claims for
1839.] MARYLAND. 167
$ 50 and upwards, appellate jurisdiction from the judgments of justices
of the peace, and equity jurisdiction within the counties coextensive
with the chancellor. The six chief judges constitute the Court of
Appeals for the State, which has appellate jurisdiction of cases at law
and in equity, originating in the County Courts, the Orphans' Courts
(of which there is one in each county, composed of three judges for
testamentary affairs, &c.), and the Court of Chancery.
Amendments of the Constitution.
A bill containing amendments of the constitution was passed by the
legislature in 1837, and confirmed in 1838; and it has become a part of
the constitution of the State.
The Senate is hereafter to consist of 21 members, one for each of the
20 counties, and one for the city of Baltimore, to be elected by the
people on the first Wednesday in October, in 1838, for 2, 4, and G years,
according to classification; and afterward one third to be elected every
second year, on the first Wednesday in October.
The House of Delegates is to consist of 79 members elected annually,
52 from the Western Shore, and 27 from the Eastern Shore, till after the
publication of the census of 1840. Afterwards, and after every second
census thereafter, the representation in the House of Delegates is to be
graduated as follows :
fless than 15,000 inhabitants, 3 delegates.
^ ,. , . I 15,000 and less than 25,000, 4 do.
Counties having «( ' ,. , ^J ^^^
^ I 25,0ti0 and less than 35,000, 5 do.
(^moie tiian 35,000, C do.
The city of Baltimore as many delegates as the largest county.
The Governor is hereafter to be elected by the people, and to hold his
office 3 years from the 1st Monday of January, but is ineligible for the
next succeeding term. The State is divided into three districts, and the
governor is to be taken from each of the districts alternately. The
.governor is to nominate, and with the consent of the senate, to appoint
all officers whose offices are created by law.
*• The relation of master and slave cannot be altered without the
unanimous consent of two consecutive legislatures, and not then with-
out a full restitution to the master for his property."
The city of Annapolis is to continue the seat of government.
Militia.
The militia of this State comprises five divisions, each commanded
by a Major- General, as follows .-
168 MARYLAND. [1839.
1st Division, Charles Sterrett Ridgely, of Elkridge, Major- General.
2d do. James Sevvell, of Elkton, do,
3d do. John Spear Smith, of Baltimore Co., do.
4th do. William Jamieson, of do. do.
5th do. George H. Stewart, of Baltimore, do.
The division above enumerated as the 5th, is styled " The First Light
Division of Maryland Volunteers," and is under different regulations
from the other militia.
Abstract of the Adjutant-General's Return of the Militia in 1838; —
General Staff 80 ; Cavalry 2,594; Artillery 1,640; Infantry 41,862;
Riflemen 723 : — total 46,899.
All able-bodied, white, male citizens between the age of (21 in Balti-
more, and the rest of the State) 18 and 45 are subject to militia duty,
except various United States and State officers, professors and tutors in
colleges, schoolmasters, practising physicians, drivers of mail stages,
ferrymen, ministers of the gospel, Quakers, Menonists, and Tunkers.
Every uniformed and drafted company is required to meet annu-
ally on the 2d Saturday of May for inspection ; and for drill, in their
respective battalions, squadrons, regiments, or brigades, on the third
Saturday of September. Members of volunteer uniformed companies
are required to meet, in addition to these two days, as many days not
exceeding six, as the majority of the company shall determine.
Every non-commissioned officer and private of the infantry is required
to appear with a musket or firelock.
The fine of a private for neglecting to attend any meeting is not less
than ^1, nor more than $5.
XH. VIRGINIA.
Government.
David Campbell, of Washington Co., Governor; (term ex-
pires March 31st, 1840.) $3,333J
Henry L. Hopkins, of Powhatan Co., Lieutenant-Governor
and Councillor of State, (term ends 1839.) 1,000
John Rutherford, of Richm., Counc. of State, ( do. 1840.) 1,000 i
John M. Patton, of Fredericksburg, rfo. ( do. 1841.) 1,000
Lawson Burfoot, of Richmond, Treasurer, 2,000
James E. Heath, do. Auditor, 2,000
James Brown, do. Second Auditor, 1,800
William Seldon, do. Regis, of Land Office, 1,500
Sidney S. Baxter, of Lexington, Attorney- General,
i
1839.]
VIRGINIA.
W. H. Richardson, Secretary of the Commonwealth.
John B. Richardson, Assistant Secretary.
Thomas Lawson, Clerk of the Council.
Bernard Peyton, Adjutant- General.
Stafford H. Parker, Speaker of the Senate.
Judiciary.
Court of Appeals.
Henry St. George Tucker, of Richmond,
Francis T. Brooke,
William H. Cabell,
Richard E. Parker,
William Brockenbrough,
of Spotsylvania Co.,
of Richmond,
of Frederick Co.,
of Richmond,
President,
Salary.
$2,750
Judge,
do.
do.
2,500
2,500
2,500
do.
2,500
The judges are entitled to receive, in addition to their salaries, 25
cents a mile for necessary travel. The Court of Appeals holds two
sessions annually j one at Lewishurg, Greenbrier county, for the coun-
I ties lying west of the Blue Ridge, commencing on the 2d Monday in
, July, and continuing 90 days, unless the business shall be sooner
i despatched ; the other at Richmond, for the counties lying east of the
Blue Ridge, commencing at such times as the court may, from time to
j time appoint, and continuing 160 days, unless the business shall be
I sooner despatched.
General Court.
The State is divided into 10 Judicial Districts, and each District into
two Circuits, except the 4th, which comprises three. The 21st Circuit
forms the third Circuit of the 4th District, and consists of the city of
Richmond and county of Henrico, having a separate court of its own.
The judge of this circuit has a salary of $1,800; the other judges
$1,500 each.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
\ 6.
I '•
I 8-
I 9.
i 10.
; 11.
Judges.
Richard H. Baker,
John Y. Mason,
Abel P. Upshur,
John 6. Christian,
John T. Lomax,
John Scoft,
John B. Clopton,
William Daniel,
William Leigh,
Fleming Saunders,
Richard H. Field,
Residence,
of Nansemond Co.
" Southampton Co.
" Northampton Co.
" Charles City Co.
" Fredericksburg.
" Fauquier Co.
" Richmond.
" Campbell Co.
" Halifax Co.
«« Franklin Co.
" Culpeper Co.
15
Judges.
12. L. P. Thompson, of
13. Isaac R. Douglas, "
14. Daniel Smith, "
15. Benjamin Estill, "
16. James E. Brown.
17. John J. Allen, "
18. Edwin S. Duncan. "
19. Lewis Summers, "
20. Joseph L. Fry.
21. Philip N. Nicholas, "
Residence.
Amherst Co.
Morgan Co.
Rockingham Co.
Wythe Co.
Greenbrier Co.
Harrison Co.
Kanhawa Co.
Richmond.
170 VIRGINIA. [1839.
A Circuit Superior Court of law and chancery is held twice every i
year in each county and corporation ; the courts sitting until the busi-
ness is despatched.
The judges who hold the Circuit Courts, are also required to hold,
every year, two terms of the General Court in the Capitol at Richmond.
It is the duty of fifteen of the judges to attend this court, eleven being
necessary to form a quorum. One term begins on the last Monday ia
June ; the other, on the 15th of December. The judges are required to
arrange themselves into four classes, of five judges each, one of whom
is exempt, in rotation, from attending the court.
The General Court has appellate jurisdiction in the last resort in
criminal cases ; also original jurisdiction of probates and administra^
tions, and some claims of the Commonwealth, Its judges, or a portion
of them, sit as a Special Court of Appeals, in cases in which the judges t
of the Court of Appeals, proper, are disqualified by interest or other-
wise.
County Courts.
A County Court sits in each county every month, held by four or
more Justices of the Peace. These courts, formed of plain farmers or
country gentlemen, are invested with a jurisdiction wider than that ofi
any other court in the State, covering almost the whole field of cogni-
zance, civil, criminal, legal, and equitable. Their civil jurisdiction isi
over all causes in which the value does not, exceed $ 20. They, ex-,
clusively, try slaves for all offences ; and they examine free persons^!
charged with felony, previously to their trial in the Circuit Court.
Militia.
The militia of this State comprises 5 divisions and 22 brigades ; — &
regiments and 118 troops of cavalry ;— 5 regiments and 71 companies of aM
tillery ; — 149 regiments of infantry of the line ; — 5 companies of grena-^
diers ; — 77 companies of light infantry ; — 124 companies of riflemen}
and 973 companies of infantry of the line. — General staff 94 ; cavalry
7,734 : artillery 5,002; infantry 88,781 ; — total 101,611.
All able bodied, white, male ci-tizens, from the age of 18 to 45, are
liable to perform militia duty, except various judicial and civil ofiicers
of the State and United States, ministers of the gospel, professors and
tutors in seminaries of learning, ferrymen, millers, &c.
Military duty is required to be performed on four days in a year, in
April or May, and in October; — but in each regiment the court of in-
quiry may dispense with two of the days ; — and the officers are required
in addition, to train three days before the regimental muster in April oi
May.
1839;] VIRGINIA. 171
Officers are required to appear on duty in full uniform, with side arms,
as prescribed by the commander-in-chief; but the private soldiers are
not required to have any equipments, except in volunteer companies.
The fine for non-appearance of a non-commissioned officer or soldier
is not less than $ 0.75, nor more than $ 2 ; of a subaltern, $ 1 to $ 1 0 ;
of a captain, ^ 1 to ^ 20 ; of a commander of a battalion, $ 1 to ^ 30 ;
of a commander of a regiment, ^ 1 to $ 70.
Public Debt.
For what purposes created. Total.
Improvements of the James River Company prior to June
1835, $1,324,500.00
Subscription to stock of the
James River and Kanawha Company, . . 780,000.00
Petersburg Railroad Company, .... 80,000.00
Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company, . 120,000.00
Porlsmoutii and Roanoke Railroad Company, . 240,000.00
Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad
Company, 206,800.00
Louisa Railroad Company, 57,100.00
Richmond and Petersburg Railroad Company, . 114,200.00
City Point Railroad Company, .... 25,500.00
Dismal Swamp Canal Company, . . . . 16,500.00
Upper Appomattox Company, .... 7,000.00
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, . . . *250,000.00
Rappahannock Company,
Road from Price's turnpike to Cumberland Gap, . . 10,000.00
Road from the Ohio river to the Maryland line.
Road from Winchester to the Ohio (N. W. turnpike), 212,500.00
Internal Improvement debt, . . 3,144.10000
Old military debt (revolutionary war), .... *24,039.17
Debt to Bank of Virginia and Farmers bank of Virginia
(war of 1812), *319,000.00
Total, $3,787,139.17
The legislature at the last session subscribed large sums to various
public works; among the subscriptions were ^ 1,050,000 to the Balti-
more and Ohio Railroad Company, $360,000, or 3 5ths of the capital.
* The interest of these sums, $319,000.00 at 7 per cent, $ 24,039,17 at 6 per cent, and
; $250,000.00 at 5 per cent, the whole amounting annually to $36,272.35, is charged
I on the public treasury ; the interest of the other parts of the Public Debt, amounting
j annually to $ 181,546.50, is charged on the Fund for Internal Improvement.
m VIRGINIA. [1839.
to the Falmouth and Alexandria Railroad Company, $300,000 for the
road from Staunton to Winchester, and $ 160,000 for the road from
Farkersburg to Staunton.
Revenue and Expenditure.'^
Receipts for the year ending Oct. 1, 1838, estimated at $ 507,462.97
Expenses for the same period, estimated at . . . 437,181.92
Balance, . . . 72,281.05
XIII. NORTH CAROLINA.
Government.
Salary.
Edward B.Dudley, of Wilmington, Governor; (term of } ©2 000
office expires, Jan. 1, 1841,) ^ * '
and the use of a valuable furnished house.
William Hill, of Raleigh, Secretary of State, 800 and fees.
Daniel W. Courts, of Surry Co. Treasurer, 1,500
William F. Collins, of Chatham Co., Comptroller, (from Jan- > -• ^w/^v
uary 1, 1837, to January 1, 1839,) 5 ' ""
The officers of the executive government are required to reside, dur-
ing their term of office, at Raleigh.
Hugh D. Waddell, of Orange Co., Speaker of the Senate.
William H. Haywood, Jr., of Wake Co., Speaker of the House of \
Commons.
JUDICIART.
Supreme Court.
Salary,
Thomas Ruffin, of Orange Co., Chief Justice, f 2,500
William Gaston, of Newbern, dissociate Justice, 2,500
Joseph J. Daniel, of Halifax, do. 2,500
Th. P. Devereux, of Raleigh, 7p C $300, with the copy-
Wm. H. Battle, of Louisburg, 5 ^^P^^^^^^ ^ right of the Reports.
Judges of the Superior or Circuit Courts.
Frederick Nash, of Hillsborough.
R. M. Pearson, <' Mocksville.
John L. Bailey, " Elizabeth City,
Thomas Settle, of Rockingham.
R. M. Saunders, " Raleigh.
John M. Dick, " Greensboro'.
John D. Toomer, " Fayetteville.
John R. J. Daniel, of Raleigh, .Attorney- General.
John F. Poindexter, of Stokes Co , Solicitor- General.
David Outlaw, Alexander Troy, James R. Dodge, and James W.
Gwynn, Solicitors.
1839.] NORTH CAROLINA. 173
Militia.
The militia of this State comprises 9 divisions, commanded by the
following Major-Generals : —
Duncan McDonald, Thomas G.' Polk, John J. Pasteur,
James J, McKay, Micajah T. Hawkins, James Whitfield,
Richard C. Cotton, Joseph Winston, David Newland.
Able-bodied, white, male citizens, from the age of 18 to 45, are subject
to perform military duty, except various judicial and civil officers of
the State and the United States, ministers of the gospel, physicians, sur-
geons, officers and students of literary seminaries, millers, ferrymen,
members of fire-companies, and persons having scruples of conscience
against bearing arms.
Military duty must be performed annually on, at least, three days ;
and the companies must be kept under drill, at least, two hours each
day. Volunteer companies must be called out, at least, five times every
year.
The fine for non-appearance at the drill of a company, of the com-
mander of a company, is JgJG; of any other commissioned officer, $4 ;
of a non-commissioned officer or private, $ 1 to $ 2 : — for non-appear-
ance at a review, regimental, or battalion muster, of a field-officer, $20 ;
of commissioned officers below the rank of field-officers, $ 10 ; of non-
commissioned officers and privates, $\ to $4 — Persons residing in
town, and within a mile of the muster-ground, are subject to double the
penalty, both with respect to company trainings and reviews.
XIV. SOUTH CAROLINA.
Government.
Salary.
Pierce M. Butler, Governor ; (term of office expires
December, 1838,) $ 3,500
William Dubose, Lieut- Governor.
B.H.Saxon, of Abbeville Dist. Secretary of State, Fees.
John T. Seibles, of Lexington Dist. Surveyor- General, Fees.
Henry Bailey, of Charleston, Attorney- General, 900
W. E. Hayne, do. Comptroller- General, 2,000
P. G. Mills, Super int. Public Works, 1,200
William Laval, of Charleston, Treasurer, 2,000
Joseph Black, of Columbia, do. 1,600
Charles J. Colcock, of Charleston, Pres. Bank of State of S. C, 3,000
Patrick Noble, of Abbeville, President of the Senate.
David L. Wardlaw, do. Speaker of the House of Represen,
15*
174
SOUTH CAROLINA.
[1839.
Judiciary.
Chancellors in Equity.
Appointed.
Job Johnson,
of Newbury,
1830,
William Harper,
of Fairfield,
1835,
David Johnson,
of Columbia,
1835,
Benj. Fanueil Dunkin,
of Charleston,
1837,
Elihu H. Bay,
Robert Gantt,
John S. Richardson,
Josiah J. Evans,
Baylis J. Earle,
A. Pickens Butler,
J. B. O'xNeall,
W. R. Hill,
Salary.
$ 3,000
3,000
3,500
3,500
Judges of the General Sessions and Common Pleas.
Appointed. Salary.
of Charleston, 1791, $2,572
of Greenville, 1815, 3,500
of Sumter, 1818, 3,500
of Society Hill, 1829, 2,500
of Greenville, 1830, 2,500
of Edgefield, 1834, 2,500
of Newberry, 1835, 3,000
of Columbia, Reporter, 1 ,500
In December, 1835, a change was made in the judiciary of this
State, though the judges remained the same. The old Court of Appeals,
composed of three judges, was abolished, and two of the judges were
made chancellors in equity, and the other, one of the common law
judges, or a judge of the Sessions and Common Pleas.
Appeal Courts of Law are held by the Law Judges at Charleston, on
the 1st Monday in February ; and at Columbia on the first Monday in
May, and the fourth Monday in November. Appeal Courts of Equity
are held by the Chancellors at the same times and places.
A Court for the Correction of Errors, composed of all the Judges of
Law and Equity, is held to consider all questions on which either of
the Appeal Courts is divided.
Militia.
The militia of this State comprises 6 divisions, commanded by the
following Major-Generals : —
Ist Division, George McDuffie.
2d do.
3d do. John Buchanan.
4th Division, John McQueen.
5th do. T. F. Jones,
1839.] GEORGIA. 175
XV. GEORGIA.
Government.
Salary.
George R. Gilmer, of Oglethorpe Co., Governor ; (term of > ^ . ^„,
office expires, November, 1839,) 5 ^'*'^""
William A. Tennille, of Washington Co., Secretary of State ^ 2,000
Thomas Haynes, Hancock Co., Treasurer, 2,000
John G. Park, Gwinnett Co., Comptroller- General, 2,000
, Burke Co., Surveyor- General, 2,000
The officers of the executive government are required by law to
reside, during their term of office, at Milledgeville.
Salary.
Robert M. Echols, of Walton Co., President of the Senate,
John T. Lamar, Bibb Co., Secretary of the Senate, $500
Joseph Day, Jones Co., Clerk of House of Rep.
Joseph Sturgis, Muscogee, Clerk of House of Rep. 500
Judiciary.
The State is divided into ten Circuits, with a judge for each Circuit,
Salary.
Ch. S. Henry, of Chatham Co., Judge of the Eastern Circuit, $2,100
John Schley, Louisville, do. Middle Circuit, 2,100
Garnet Andrews, Wilkes, do. Northern Circuit, 2,100
Th. W. Harris, Walton Co., do. Western Circuit, 2,100
John P. Polhill, Milledgeville, do. Ockmulgee Circuit, 2,100
C. B. Cole, Twiggs Co., do. Southern Circuit, 2,100
Angus M.D.King, Monroe, do. Flint Circuit, 2,100
Joseph Sturgis, Muscogee Co., do. Chattahoochee Cir. 2,100
Owen H. Kenan, Coweta Co., do. Cherokee Circuit, 2,100
Hiram Warner, Talbotlon, do. Coweta Circuit, 2,100
Ebenezer Starns, AugustvL, J3ttorney- General, $250 and perquisites.
John C. Nicoll, Judge of the Court of Oyer and Terminer, Savannah.
John W. Wilde, Judge of the Court of Oyer and Terminer, Augusta.
Inferior Court. — An inferior court is held in each county, composed
of five justices, elected by the people every four years. These courts
possess the powers of Courts of Probate. The justices have no salary.
Militia.
The militia of this State comprises 12 divisions. — Able-bodied, white,
male citizens, from the age of 18 to 45, are subject to perform military
duty, except various judicial and civil officers; also pilots, ferrymen,
and members of fire-companies.
176 GEORGIA.
[1839.
Military duty is required to be performed not less than 7, nor more
than 9 days annually ; 4 company parades, 1 battalion, 1 regimental, 1
brigade, and 1 division ; and once by the order of the governor.
Officers are required to appear with the equipments of the officers of
the United States army of the same rank ; non-commissioned officers
and privates with a musket, bayonet, cartridge-box and belt, when fur-
nished by the United States ; when not thus furnished, with an effi-
cient firelock, or musket, bayonet, &c. — The fine for non-appearance
is not more than $20, at the discretion of a court of inquiry.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
[The following notice of Internal Improvement has been furnished by the Engineer
of the Central Railroad.]
The Central Railroad, from Savannah to Macon was noticed in the
Almanac for 1838. Since the date of that account the work has been
continued with vigor, and at this time the road-bed is graded for a dis-
tance of 70 miles. Locomotive engines are running 30 miles, and an
arrangement has been made, by which the mail and passengers are
about to be conveyed for that distance on the Macon route.
The work is under contract to the eastern part of the County of
Burke, and is located and advertised to be let on the 1st of August, to a
point 100 miles from Savannah.
It is contemplated, that during the coming year, the road will be fin-
ished to the vicinity of Sandersville, a distance of 125 miles from Sa-
vannah. Examinations and suiveys have been made, showing that a
very favorable route may be obtained, and the distance not exceed 190
miles.
The Monroe Railroad was begun in 1836, and extends from the city
of Macon to Forsyth, in Monroe County, a distance of 25 miles. The
grading is very nearly completed, the iron obtained, and it is expected
that engines will be in operation in the month of September. Surveys
are in operation for the extension of this road about 60 miles, to the
Western and Atlantic Railroad. This is a state work. An appropria-
tion was made by the legislature in 1837 ; an eminent engineer was
appointed, who commenced the surveys in the summer of that year,
and laid his report before that body at its last session. A further ap-
propriation was made, making in all nearly a million of dollars. The
work was commenced early in the spring, and at this time (July 1st)
52 miles are under contract, with a force at work of upwards of 1,000
men ; and about 50 miles more are about to be offered for contract.
The eastern terminus of this road is in De Kalb County, about 8
miles east of the Chattahoochee River, and the western at or near Ross's
landing on the Tennessee river ; an act of the Tennessee legislature
having been passed, authorizing the continuation of the road into that
State. The probable length of this road is 120 miles.
1839.] GEORGIA. 177
On the completion of the' three roads above named, a communication
will be effected continuously from the Tennessee to the Atlantic ocean
at Savannah.
The Georgia Railroad commences at Augusta, and is to be extended
to Athens, Madison, and Greensborough. About 100 miles of road-bed
is graded, and the road is completed and engines running to Crawfords-
ville, about 70 miles from Augusta. A branch has been made about
three miles from the main road to Warrenton. It is contemplated to
extend this road to the Western and Atlantic road. A communication
will thus be completed from the river Tennessee to Charleston, by the
South Carolina Railroad.
The Chattahoochee Railroad. — The contemplated course of this road
is from Macon to Columbus, and thence to West Point, in Troup Coun-
ty, on the Chattahoochee river. The corporation is organized, and a
portion of the capital subscribed, and it is in contemplation to make an
early commencement of that part of the work from Columbus to West
Point.
The Ockmulgee and Flint Railroad, is designed to connect the Ock-
mulgee and Flint Rivers, at the head of steamboat navigation, and by
this means effect a communication between the Gulf of Mexico and the
Atlantic. Great efforts are making for an early commencement of the
work.
The Brunsioick and Florida Railroad Company was incorporated in
1835. Surveys have been made showing a favorable route, and it is
intended to make a commencement of the work during the coming
year.
Bruns2cick Canal.
This canal extends from tide-water on the Alatamaha to the town of
Brunswick, a distance of 12 miles. The work has been in progress
about a year with a large force. The canal is to be filled by tide- water,
and is estimated at a cost of about half a million of dollars. The stock
is principally owned in the Northern States.
XVI. ALABAMA.
Government.
Salary:
Arthur P. Bagby, of Claiborne, Governor, (term of office ? ^3 500
expires 1st Monday in December, 1839,) S '
Thomas B. Tunstall, Secretary oj State, 1,000 and fees.
Jefferson C. Vandyke, Comptroller of Public j^ccounts, 1,000
William Hawn, State Treasurer, 1,000
John D. Phelan, Attorney- General, 425 and perquisites.
178
ALABAMA.
[1839.
The Governor and other principal executive officers reside at Tusca-
loosa. The Secretary of State is elected for two years ; and the Comp-
trollers and Treasurer annually ; — all by a joint vote of the two Houses
of the General Assembly.
The Senate consists of 30 members, elected for three years, one third
annually ; the House of Representatives, of 98 members, elected annu-
ally. The pay of the members of both Houses is $4 a day each.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court.
Henry W. Collier,
Henry Goldthvvaite,
John J. Ormond,
of Tuscaloosa,
of Mobile,
Chief Justice,
Associate Justice,
do.
Salary.
$ 2,i250
2;250
2,250
Circuit Courts.
Salary.
Ptolemy T. Harris, of St. Stephens, Judge of the 1st Circuit, $ 2,000
Ezekiel Pickens, ofSelma, do. 2d do. 2,000
Peter Martin, of Tuscaloosa, do. 3d do. 2,000
John J. Coleman, of Florence, do. 4th do. 2,000
George W. Lane, of Huntsville, do. 5th do. 1,500
Anderson Cranshaw, of Butler C. H., do. 6th do. 2,000
Samuel Chapman, of Sumter C. H., do. 7th do. 2,000
Abraham Martin, do. 8th do. 2,000
E!i Shortridge, of Talladega, do. 9th do. 2,000
The judges of the Supreme and Circuit Courts are elected by a joint
vote of the two Houses of the General Assembly, for 6 years. — The
Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction only, — and only upon points
of law, taken up from the Circuit or County Courts by writ of error.
This court sits at Tuscaloosa, the seat of government, on the 1st Mon-
days of January and June ; and it comnaonly sits 6 or 8 weeks at each
term. The opinions of the Court are delivered in writing, and pub-
lished by the Reporter.
The Circuit Court has original jurisdiction in all civil and criminal
causes in the State ; and appellate jurisdiction in all appeals and cer-
tioraris brought up from inferior tribunals. This Court has also full
chancery powers, the Circuit Judge being indeed the Chancellor.
This State is divided into 9 circuits, each circuit comprising about 6
counties. Tliere are tv/o ridings ; one called the spring, and the other
the fall term ; and each term occupies about 8 weeks. Each circuit
has a solicitor or State's attorney, who prosecutes throughout the cir-
cuit all offenders, and receives for his services $ 250 and fees.
1839.]
ALABAMA.
179
Literary Institutions.
The University of Alabama, Spring Hill College, and Lagrange Col-
lege, are noticed on pages 244 - 5.
South Alabama Institute, situated near Marion, in Perry county, was
opened in 1835, and has 4 instructors, 75 students, and a library of 400
volumes. Rev. Beverly Crawford, A. M., Chairman of the Faculty.
Militia.
The militia of this State comprises 10 divisions, 20 brigades, and 81
regiments. The divisions are under the command of the following
Major-Generals : —
1st Division, Benjamin Pattison.
2d do. George W. Crabb.
3d do. John C. Pickens.
4th do. Joseph Bates, Jr.
5th do. John P. Booth,
6th Division, Gilbert Shearer.
7th do Horatio Philpott.
8th do. Jacob T. Bradford.
9th do.
10th do.
All able-bodied, white, male citizens, from the age of IS to 45, are sub-
ject to perform military duty, except various judicial and civil officers of
the State and of the United States, persons who have held military com-
missions and performed the duties of their office for five successive
years, ministers of the gospel, officers and students of the University of
Alabama, ferrymen, post-riders, millers, &c.
Military duty is required to be performed four times in a year, on two
days for company drill, or parade, one day for regimental muster, and
one day for battalion muster. The officers are required to attend pre-
paratory drills on the day previous to the regimental and battalion mus-
ters; — in the latter, both the commissioned and non-commissioned
ofiicers.
The commissioned officers are required to appear with a sword and
uniform ; the non-commissioned officers and privates with a firelock.
The fine for non-appearance for a major, or brigadier-general, is $ 15
to $ 100 ; of a colonel, $ 10 to $ 100 j of a lieutenant-colonel or major,
$8 to ^75; of a captain, f 4 to ^50; of a lieutenant or ensign, ^3 to
$30; of a non-commissioned officer, $ 2 to ^10; of a private, $1
to $3.
180
MISSISSIPPI.
[1839.
XVII. MISSISSIPPI.
Government.
Salary.
000
Alexander G. McNutt, Governor ;- (ienn of office from Jan- > ^.g
uary, 1838, to January, 1840,) ) "^ '
Barry W. Benson, Secretary of State, 2,000
James Phillips, State Treasurer, 2,000
A. B. Saunders, Auditor of Public Accounts, 2,000
The regular meeting of the Legislature is on the 1st Monday of Jan-
uary biennially.
Judiciary.
High Court of Errors and Appeals.
William L. Sharkey, of Vicksburg,
Daniel W. Wright, of Columbus,
Publius R. R. Pray,
T. F. Collins, of Jackson,
November, 1842,
This Court, which has no jurisdiction, except what properly belongs
to a Court of Errors and Appeals, holds its sessions annually at Jackson,
commencing on the 1st Monday in December and January.
-
Salary.
Presiding Judge,
$2,000
Judge,
2,000
do.
2,000
Attorney- General, till ) ■, Q^/^
Superior Court of Chancery.
Salary.
$2,000
Edward Turner, of Franklin Co. Chancellor,
R. L. Dixon, Clerk.
This court, which has jurisdiction over all matters, pleas, and com-
plaints whatsoever, belonging to or cognizable in a Court of Equity,
holds two sessions annually, beginning on the 1st Monday in January
and July.
Circuit Court,
Judges.
Salary.
District Attorneys.
George Coalter,
1st District,
$2,000
John D. Freeman.
D. O. Shattuck,
2d do.
2,000
B. F. Caruthers,
James Walker,
3d do.
2,000
C. C. Cage.
Buckner Harris,
4th do.
2,000
E. G. Peyton.
Thomas S. Sterling,
5th do.
6th do.
2,000
2,000
John Watts.
Henry S. Bennett.
J
C. R. Clifton,
7th do.
2,000
J. H. Rollins.
Fred. W. Huling,
8th do.
2,000
S. B. Isaacs.
Stephen Adams,
9th do.
2,000
Reuben Davis.
The State is divided into 9 circuits or districts, and one judge and a
district attorney are chosen every four years from November, 1833, by
i
1839.] MISSISSIPPI. 181
the electors of each district ; and a circuit court is holden in each coun-
ty twice every year. This court has original jurisdiction in civil cases,
in which the sum in controversy exceeds $ 50.
Criminal Court, established in 1S3C.
John I. Guion, Judge, Salary, $ 2,000
This court has jurisdiction in the five southwestern counties, which
border on the Mississippi, viz. Warren, Claiborne, Jefferson, Adams,
and Wilkinson. This is the only criminal court in the State ; in the
other counties the circuit courts have criminal jurisdiction.
Militia.
The militia of this State comprises 55 regiments and 5 divisions, com-
manded by the five following Major-Generals ; — 1st, A. P. Cunning-
ham ; 2d, John A. Quitman ; 3d, Htigh W. Dunlap; 4th, E. L. Acee ;
5th, Willis W. Cherry.
Banks.
According to'' Besanqon's Annual Register of the Stale of Mississip-
pi," for 1838, there are 24 banks and banking companies, having a nom-
inal capital of $ 62,512,000.00 ; capital paid in, $ 18,884,340.00.
Newspapers.
According to Besan^on's Register, there are published in this State 37
newspapers, 4 daily, 1 semi-weekly, and 32 weekly ; also *'The South-
western Journal," a miscellaneous magazine, published semi-monthly^.
XVIII. LOUISIANA.
Government.
Salary.
A. B. Roman, of New Orleans, Governor; (from Jan. 1839 to ) ^^ ^^^
Jan. 1843,) 5 ^ '
Wm. C. Claiborne, of New Orleans, Secretary of State, . 2,500
F. Gardere do. Treasurer; 4 per cent, on all mo-
neys received.
Louis Bringier, do. Surveyor- General, . . 800
P. F. Smith do. Adjutant and Inspector- Gen- > g q^/v
eral, ) '
J Attorney- General, . . 3,000
Senate ; 17 members, elected for four years.
House of Representatives ; 50 membersi, elected (the present raembera
in 1838) for two years. Pay of each $ 6 a day.
16
182
LOUISIANA.
[lociy.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court.
Salary.
Francis X. Martin,
of New Orleans,
Jud
g^,
$ 5,000
Henry A. Bullard,
of Opelousas,
do
•
5,000
Henry Carle ton,
of New Orleans,
District Courts.
do
5,000
A. M. Buchanan,
of New Orleans,
Judge
1st District.
$ 5,000
Thomas C. Nicholls,
of Donaldsonville,
do.
2d
do.
3,000
Thomas Gibbes Morgan
, of Baton Rouge,
do.
3d
do.
3,000
Thomas J. Cooley,
of Point Coupee,
do.
4th
do.
3,000
Seth Lewis,
of Opelousas,
do.
bth
do.
3,000
H. Boyce,
of Alexandria,
do.
6th
do.
3,000
E. H. Wilson,
of Monroe,
do.
7th
do.
3,000
Jesse R. Jones,
of Covington,
do.
8th
do.
3,000
Frederick H. Davis,
of Concordia,
do.
9th
do.
3,000
Criminal Court of the City of JVew Orleans.
John F. Canonge, Judge.
Louisiana Penitentiary, at Baton Rouge.
Number of convicts in the Penitentiary December 31, 1837, 112.
Income during the year ending Dec. 31, 1837, . . $ 45,464,85
Expenditure " «« . . 42,222.69
Balance of revenue for the year above the expenditure, $ 3,242,16
XIX. TENNESSEE.
Government.
Governor ; (term of office expires )
Salary.
> $2,000
$ 750 and fees.
Newton Cannon,
October, 1839,)
Luke Lea, Jun., Secretary of State,
Miller Francis, Treasurer of the State,
The legislature consists of a Senate of 25 members, and a Hmise of
Representatives of 75 members ; all elected for two years. The mem-
bers of the present legislature were elected in August, 1837. — Pay of
the Senators and RepresenUtives, $ 4 a day.
1839.1
LOUISIANA.
JODICIARY.
]83
The Judges of the Supreme Court are elected by a joint vote of the
two Houses of the General Assembly, for the term of 12 years; and
those of the infeiior courts, in the same manner, for the terra of 8 years.
William B. Turley,
William B. Reese,
Nathan Green,
Pleasant M. Miller,
Th. L. Williams,
L. M. Bramlett,
Supreme Court.
. Salary,
of Bolivar, Judge, Western Division, $1,800
of Knoxville, do. Eastern Division, 1 ,800
of Winchester, do. Middle Division, 1,800
Court of Chancery.
of Jackson, Chancellor, Western Division, 1,500
of Knoxville, do. Eastern do. 1,500
of Pulaski, do. Middle do. 1,500
Circuit Courts. ^
The State comprises 11 circuits, and the judges were elected in Jan-
uary, 1836. — Salary of each judge, $ 1,300.
1. Samuel Powell,
2. Edward Scott,
3. Charles F. Keith,
4. Abraham Caruthers,
5. Samuel Anderson,
6. Wm. T. BrowD,
of Rogersville.
of Knoxville.
of Athens,
of Carthage.
of Murfreesboro'.
of Nashville.
7. Mortimer A. Martin.
8. Edmund Dillahunty, of Columbia.
9. John W. Cooke, of Paris.
10. John Read.
11. Austin Miller.
XX. KENTUCKY.
Government.
Salary.
James Clark, of Winchester, Governor, (term of office expires \^n cnn
in September, 1840,) 5 * '
Charles A. WicklifFe, of Bardstown, Lieut.- Governor <^ Speaker )
of the Senate: — $ 6 a day while presiding over the Senate. 5
James M. Bullock, of Shelby ville, Secretary of State,
Benjamin Selby, Frankfort, Auditor of Public Accounts,
John M. Foster, do.
James Davidson, do.
Thomas S. Theobald, do.
Peter Dudley, do.
Ambrose VV. Dudley, do.
George A. Robertson, do.
1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
Register of the Land- Office,
Treasurer,
ICeeper of the Peniten. (^ the profits.)
Adjutant- General, 150
Qiiartermaster- General, 150
State Librarian, 250
The Senate consists of 38 members, elected for four years, one-fourth
184
KENTUCKY.
[1839.
beincr elected every year. The House of Representatives consists of 100,
elected annually on the 1st Monday in August. — Pay $ 3,00 a day.
Judiciary.
Court of Appeals.
Salary.
George Robertson,
of Lexington,
Chief Justice J
$ 2,000
Ephraim M. Ewing,
of Russellville,
Judge,
2,000
Thomas A. Marshall,
of Lexington,
do.
2,000
Jacob Swigert,
of Frankfort,
Clerk,
Fees.
Owen G. Gates,
do.
Attorney- Gen.
400 and fees.
James C Coleman,
do.
Sergeant, ^2
a day
while at-
James G. Dana,
George M. Bibb,
Albert T. Burnley,
Charles J. Clarke,
William A. Cocke,
do.
tending the court, and fees.
Reporter.
Louisville Chancery Court.
of Louisville,
do.
do.
do.
Chancellor,
Clerk,
Master,
Marshall.
Circuit Courts.
The State is divided into 16 Circuits or Districts, and
are the Circuit Judges, who have each a salary of $ 1,500.
District.
1. Walker Reid,
. Henry O. Brown,
3. Ouniel Mayes,
4. James Pryor,
5. John J. Marshall,
G. Asher W. Grnhann,
7. Benj. Shackleford,
Residence.
Washington.
Cynthiania.
Lexington.
Newcastle.
Louisville.
Bowling Green.
Hopkinsville.
8. Chiistoplier TompkinEi, Glasgow.
District.
9. John Green,.
10. Jamea Simpson,
1 1. Kenas Farrow,
12. John L. Bridges,
1,?. Armist. H. Churchill,
14. Alnoy McLean,
15. Joseph Eve,
16. James Campbell,
Salary.
$3,000
Fees.
Fees.
Fees.
the following
Residence.
Danville.
Winchester.
Mount Sterling.
Harrordsburg.
Elizabethtown.
Greenville.
Barbourville.
Salem.
Militia.
The militia of this State comprises 14 divisions, commanded by the
following Major-Generals, viz. Sutton, Estill, Pratt, Martin, McConnell,
Chambers, Buster, Sterritt, Matson, Moseley, Smith, Taylor, Davis : —
one vacancy.
All able-bodied, white, male citizens, from the age of 18 to 45, are subject
to perform military duty, except various judicial and civil officers of the
State and the United States, ordained ministers of the gospel, officers
and students of public seminaries of learning, and keepers of prisons.
Military duty is required to be performed on not less than three, nor
[\ 1839.] KENTUCKY. 185
more than four days, annually, at the discretion of the commanders of
the brigades and regiments.
Soldiers are required to appear with such equipments as are appro-
priate to the corps to which they belong, whether artillery, cavalry, in-
fantry, or riflemen. — The fine for non-appearance is not less than $ 1,
nor more than $3.
Internal Improvements.
' The following information is furnished by an obliging correspondent,
as supplementary to the notices on this subject, in the volumes of the
Almanac for 1836 and 1837.
Board of Internal Improvement. — James S. Morehead of Frankfort,
President. — Salary, $ 1,000. — James R. Skiles of Bowling- Green, Man-
lius V. Thompson of Georgetown, Archibald Woods of Richmond, 3/em-
bers. Pay, $3 a day, and expenses, while on duty. — Austin P. Cox of
Frankfort, Secretary. Salary, $ 1,000.
Salary.
Sylvester Welsh, Chief -Engineer , $4,000
M. R. Stealey, Resident Engineer on Kentucky River Nav. 3,000
Alonzo Livermore, do. on Green River do. 3,000
N. B. Buford, do. on Licking River do. 2,500
Antis Snyder, do. on Surveys, 2,500
W. B. Foster, do. do. 2,500
H I. Eastin, do. on Turnpike Roads, 1,600
The system of Internal Improvement of the State consists in the con-
struction of Turnpike Roads, Railroads, and Slack-water Navigation.
Of these the river improvements only are exclusively State works.
Turnpike Roads. — For the construction of turnpike roads, 31 compa-
nies have been incorporated and gone into operation, and in 27 of these
works the State has taken one half of the amount of the sums subscrib-
ed, and in 4 of them two thirds of the amount. The roads are con-
structed on the plan of McAdam, with a covering of troken limestone of
from 9 to 12 inches thick.
The following view exhibits the condition of these roads on the 1st of
January, 1838. Number of miles completed, 308; under contract and
in progress of construction, 215; whole distance contemplated by exist-
ing charters, 798 miles. Amount paid by the State, $ 1,041,190 ; sum
estimated as necessary to complete the works, $ 1,360,580 : — making an
investment of the State, in turnpike roads, of $2,401,770. Great care
has been taken to locate the roads judiciously, and to construct them in
the best manner. The cost of those which are completed has generally
been from $ 5,000 to $ 7,000 a mile ; and they yield a net income of only
about 4 per cent.
16*
186 KENTUCKY. [1839.
Railroads. Of the Lexington and Ohio Railroad, the portion between
Lexington and Frankfort (28 miles), has been in operation several c
years. Cost, $544,798, or $19,457 per mile, including real estate, j
buildings, &c. It is terminated by an inclined plane at Frankfort, 4,000 I
feet long, and 240 feet in height. The portion between Louisville and 1
Portland (3 miles) is also in operation. Of the remaining portion of I
the road between Louisville and Frankfort, (66 miles,) 27 miles have '■
been put under contract for grading, and 20 miles are nearly completed.
The cost of the whole 66 miles, when completed, is estimated at about
$ 1,000,000. The State subscribed the sum of $200,000, and has, in ad- j
dition, guarantied the payment of the interest on the bonds of the Com- ;
pany to the amount of $ 150,000. The progress of this work has been j
retarded, in consequence of the derangement of the pecuniary affairs of j
the country ; but measures have been taken to raise funds for the com- j
pletion of the work, which it is expected will be accomplished in the ;
course of two years. j
Charters have been granted for the construction of the following rail- I
roads, viz. Henderson and Nashville; Green River; Russelville and ;
Clarksville ; Louisville, Knoxville, and Nashville; Madisonville and \
Pond River; Middletown ; Paris; Covington and Latonia Springs; (
and Falmouth and Lexington ; but no contracts for the construction of '
any part of these roads have been entered into. ■
For some notice of the railroad which has been projected to extend !
from Charleston, S. C, to the Ohio, see the American Almanac for ;
1837. According to the surveys made in 1837, the distance by the most
eligible route, from Charleston to Lexington, is stated at 640 miles ; and |
the estimated cost of the railroad ^10,000,000.
Slack-Water Navigation. The three principal rivers of this State, viz. !
Green, Kentucky, and Licking rivers, are to be rendered navigable for '
steamboats by means of locks and dams ; and ihese works are to be ,
constructed wholly at the expense of the State.
Green River A'avigation. The sj'stem of State improvements of
river navigation was first commenced on this river ; and the works i
were begun in 1834. There are 5 locks and dams under contract and j
in progress, four of them on Green River, and one on Big Barren
River. Tlie locks are 160 feet long, and 36 feet wide in the chamber,
— average lift 15 feet; the dams from 300 to 700 feet long. These
works will extend the navigation to Bowling-Green, 175 miles from the j
mouth of the river. Sum paid by the State up to January 1, 1838, on j
these works, $265,193; sum necessary for completing them, estimated '
at 6" 207,963: — total, $473,156. Green River is susceptible of this |
kind of improvement as far as Greensburg, 124 miles above the mouth i
of Big Barren River; by means of 12 locks and dams, at a cost esti-
mated at $ 582,125. A similar character is given of the Big Barren as
1839.] KENTUCKY. 187
far as Peters Creek, 57 miles above Bowling-Green, requiring 11 locks
and dams ; cost estimated at $381,300.
Kentucky Biver J^avigation. This improvement is to extend from the
entrance of the river into the Ohio to the Three Forks, 257 miles, with
a lockage of 21G feet, comprising 17 locks and dams. The locks are to
be 175 long, and 38 feet wide in the chamber, — lift from 9 to 16 feet ;
the dams from 350 to 500 long, and from 20 to 25 feet high, — minimum
depth 6 feet. Estimated cost of the works, when completed, ^ 2,297,409-
The first five locks and dams, on the lower part of the river, have been
put under contract, and are now in progress, and are expected to be
completed in 1839. They will open a steamboat navigation of about
100 miles. Sum paid on this work up to January 1, 1838, $79,451 ;
sum supposed to be necessary to complete this portion of the improve-
ment, $ 621,953 : — total, $ 701 ,404.
Licking River JYavigation. It is designed to extend this improvement
from the mouth of Licking River, opposite to Cincinnati, to West Liber-
ty, 231 miles, with a lockage of 310 feet, and 21 locks and dams. The
locks are to be 130 feet long, and 25 wide in the chamber ; the dams
from 200 to 450 feet long, and from 16 to 27 feet high. Total estimated
cost of the improvement, ^ 1,826,481. Five locks and dams on the
lower portion of the river, were placed under contract last autumn.
This will complete the navigation to Falmouth, 51 miles from the
mouth of the river. Cost of this portion estimated at $ 482,851.
XXL OHIO.
Government.
[The following Executive Officers all reside at Columbus.]
Salary in 1839.
■ Joseph Vance, Governor; (term of office expires on the) ^j ^qq
1st Monday in December, 1838,) 5 '
Carter B. Harlan, Secretary of State, 1,000
John A. Bryan, Auditor of State, 1,200
Joseph Whitehill, Treasurer of State, 1,200
J. L. Doran, Chief Clerk in the Auditor's Office, 6U0
Nathaniel Medbury, Warden of the State Penitentiary.
William Doherty, Mjutant- General,
Christopher Niswanger, (Quartermaster- Gerieral.
Rufus Hodges, Paymaster- General.
Samuel Lewis, Superintendent of Common Schools.
Zachariah Mills, Librarian to the Stat£ Library, 400
[The State Library was established in 1817, and contains 5,500 vol-
umes.]
188
OHIO.
[1839.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court.
ofNorwalk, Chief Judge,
Salary.
$1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
Ebenezer Lane, ofNorwalk, Chief Judge, reelected 1837,
Reuben Wood, Cleveland, Asso. Judge, elected 1833,
Peter Hitchcock, Burton, do, do. 1835,
Frederick Grimke, Chillicothe, do. do. 1836,
The Judges of the Supreme Court, the President and Associate
Judges of the Courts of Common Pleas, and the Judge of the Superior
Court of Hamilton Co., are elected by the legislature, for seven years.
Of the Judges of the Supreme Court, the oldest in commission is Chief
Judge. Two of the four Judges form a quorum, who hold a court in
each county once every year.
Superior Court of Hamilton County.
David K. Este, of Cincinnati, Judge, Salary, $ 1,500
This court has concurrent jurisdiction with the Court of Common
Pleas, of the County of Hamilton, of all civil causes at common law and
in chancery. ,
Courts of Common Pleas.
Wm. L. Helfenstein,
Ozias Marion,
Van R. Humphrey,
C. W. Searl,
George W. Belden,
John H. Keith,
Benjamin Hinkson,
Thomas Irvin,
Oliver Spencer,
John W. Price,
Ezra Dean,
John R. Swan,
of Dayton,
Marion,
Hudson,
Newark,
Canton,
Somerset,
Wilmington,
Gallipolis,
Cincinnati,
Hillsborough,
Wooster,
Salary.
Judge
1st Circuit,
$1,200
do.
2d
do.
1,200
do.
2d
do.
1,200
do.
4th
do.
1,200
do.
5th
do.
1,200
do.
6th
do.
1,200
do,
7th
do.
1,200
do.
8th
do.
1,200
do.
9th
do.
1,200
do.
lOth
do.
1,200
do.
nth
do.
1,200
do.
\2th
do.
1,200
Columbus,
The several Courts of Common Pleas are held, three times a year, by
a President Judge and three Associate Judges in most of the counties ;
but in the counties very recently organized, only twice a year. The
Associate Judges receive the sum of $ 2.50 a day, for each day's actual
attendance upon the Courts.
MiLITJA.
The militia of this State comprises 23 divisions. — All able-bodied,
white, male citizens, from the age of 18 to 45, are subject to perform mil-
itary duty, except certain judicial and civil officers of the State and the
United States, ferrymen, mail-carriers, regular ministers of the gospel,
persons who have held military commissions and performed the duties^
required for five years, and privates who have been members of light
]839.] OHIO. 189
companies, uniformed and equipped for seven years, and members of
fire-companies.
Every company of the militia is required to muster annually on the
first Friday in September ; and every independent company is required
to have one or more additional musters annually. Every regiment,
squadron, or battalion of light troops, is required to have a regimental,
squadron, or battalion muster twice a year. The first regiment of in-
fantry of each brigade is required to muster on the 2d Monday of Sep-
tember annually ; and the 2d regiment, on the Wednesday succeeding
the 2d Monday. The commissioned and stafl-officers of the different
brigades are required to have an officer muster between the months of
April and September, annually, to continue two days.
All non-commissioned officers and privates of light infantry companies
are required to be armed with muskets, bayonets, belts, and cartridge-
boxes; and of the common infantry, with a rifle or fusee.
The fine for non-appearance of a non-commissioned officer or private,
at a company muster, is $ 1 ; at a regimental, squadron, or battalion
muster, $ 1.50.
Ohio Penitentiary, at Columbus.
Prisoners in confinement, December 1, 1837, 392.
Amount of earnings for the year ending Nov. 30, 1837, $ 42,920.96
Total disbursements for all objects, .... 34,768.44^
Net revenue, . . 8,152.51!^
Common Schools.
The First Annual Report of the Superintendent (Samuel Lewis) of
Common Schools was made to the legislature, at its last session, and
dated January 9, 1838. From this Report is derived the following
Abstract.
Number of Counties reported, 62
" Townships, 1,129
" Districts reported, ...... 7,033
" Districts not reported, ..... 715
" Males between 4 and 21 years,* . . . 254,530
Females,* 238,307
Number reported as in school more C Males, . . . 45,311
than 2, and less than 4 months, ( Females, . . . 38,985
T»T , . .u (Males. . . . 31,664
More than 4 months, . . , J Females, . . . 30,480
Total in schools, as reported, ....... 146,440
Supposed to be in school, not reported, 81,365
Total in schools, from the most accurate evidence to be relied on, 227,805
* This includes the estimated number of children in non-reporting districts.
190 OHIO. [1839.
Number of public schools, 4,336
" private schools, 2,175 Total, 6,511 !
" months public schools have been taught, . . 22,168;
" months private " " ... 8,564 1
" male teachers employed, 4,757i
" female " " 3,205!
Amount paid teachers of public schools, as reported, . $ 286,757 i
Sources of Revenue for Public Schools. \
Amount of tax reported, .......$ 119,230i
True amount not less than $ 140,000. J
Amount of ground rents, and interest on the various school J
funds in the State Treasury included, .... 88,712j
Amount of subscription paid into public schools, . . 105,131 i
Amount from all other sources, ...... 4,657'
Total amount paid for support of public schools, being
$ 30,973 more than has been reported, .... ^317,730
Total amount for support of private schools, .... 148,008'
Number of school-houses, . 4,3781
Amount paid this year for building and repairing school-houses, $ 60,421 i
'' raised by tax, 61,590|
" raised by subscription, ; 1,199|
" owing for school-houses, 82,929;
Number of school lots secured in fee or lease, . . . 3,590
Present Resources for School Purposes. 1
Virginia Military Fund, in money or land, productive, $ 204,612.04*
United States Military Fund, ... . . 109,193.88
Connecticut Western Reserve School Fund, . . . 158,659.00,
Amount of proceeds of Section 16, paid in and funded, 645,774.64,
" '' Salt Land, also funded, . . 35,000.001
^1,153,239.56'
This sum, except $ 6,800, bears 6 per cent.
interest, and produces, . . . $68,786.34
Estimated amount of proceeds of Section 16,
not yet paid in, and not on interest, 400,000.00;
Estimated school land unsold, 220,000 acres j
^^$4, 880,000.001
The proceeds of the last item cannot be esti-
mated at more than 20,000.00 I
[ I
Total of school funds, in money and land, . . . $2,433,239.56
1839.]
OHIO.
191
Total proceeds of school lands and funds, $ 88,786.34
•^Estimated amount of school tax, at 1^ mill
on the dollar, 140,000.00
Interest on amount of surplus revenue paid in, 100,363.00
Amount paid in by subscription and other
sources, 109,788.00
Total amount to be paid in to public schools
for tuition for the year 1837 - 8, . $ 438,937.34
Mr. Lewis remarks in his Report ; '' There are now 3,370 districts
without school-houses, and in many places the houses now provided
are wholly unfit. — In almost every place, either in town or country,
complaints are made, that good teachers cannot be had. — Whatever I
may be compelled to say of the present condition of schools, they are
certainly improving in every part of the State."
In March, 1838, an important act relating to Common Schools was
passed by the legislature, the third section of which is as follows : —
'' There shall be a State Common School Fund established, consist-
ing of the interest on the surplus revenue, at five per cent., the inter-
est on the proceeds of salt lands, the revenue from banks, insurance, and
bridge companies, and other funds to be annually provided by the State,
to the amount of $ 200,000 per annum; and that said sum of $2uO,000
shall be annually distributed among the several counties in this State,
in the month of December, according to the number of white youth,
(unmarried,) between the ages of four and twenty years, resident in
each county."
Literary Institutions.
An obliging correspondent has forwarded statistical information re-
specting most of the colleges and some other institutions of Ohio. A
part of this information has been inserted in the table of the Colleges in
the United States. (See pages 124 - 123.) Other particulars are given
in the following table.
Annual Income.
Name.
Col.
Stu-
Prep.
Dep.
^
Cost of Presi-
Build- dents'
Professors'
Salary.
Annual
Expense.
From
Tui-
d'ts.
Stud.
funds.
tion.
Total.
ings. Salary.
$ 110
Ohio Univ.
41
52
$4,000
$1,300
$5,300
$20,000 $1,000
$ 700
Miami Univ.
88
72
5,400
3,000
8,400
42,300 1,200,600 to 1,000
150 to 200
W. Res. Col.
.51
41
2,000
2,000
4.000
25,000
900
700
150
Kenyon Col.
56
94
600
Granville In.
12
58
14,000
800
500 to 700
Marietta Col.
50
150
2,000
3,000
5,000
12.000
1,200
600
90 to 120
Woodward, C. 10
130
2,000
1,800
4,000
4,000
1,200
600 to 1,000
Lane Th. Sem. 30
4,200
30,000
60 to 100
Willo. Md.Col. 40
8,000
i * This includes some special taxes, in a few towns, besides the one and a half mill
! on the dollar.
192 OHIO. [1839.
The annual tuition at the University of Ohio, is $24; at Marietta
College, $ 25.
In addition to the above institutions, there are, in this State, Franklin
Colletre at New Alliens, Cincinnati College, Oberlin Institution, twa
Medical Schools, and a Law School, at Cincinnati, and the Reformed
Medical School at Worthington.
XXII. INDIANA.
Government.
Salary.
$ 1,500
David Wallace, of Indianapolis, Governor ; (terra of office)
expires in December, 1840,) )
David Hillis, of Madison, Lieut. - G overnor ; — Pay $3
a day, during the session of the General Assembly.
William J. Brown, of Rushville, Secretary of Slate; elected
by the Gen. Assembly for 4 years ending Jan., 1841,
$600 and perquisites,
Nath. B. Palmer, of Madison, Treasurer of State; elected
for 3 years ending Jan., 1841, 400 and perqmsites.
Morris Morris, of Indianapolis, ^^uditor of Public Jiccounts ;
term of 3 years expires Jan., 1841, 400 and perquisites.
David D. Owen, State Geologist; appointed by
the Governor, $ 1,500 and contingent expenses, r
Jesse L. Williams, Chiff Engineer, $4,000 '
Samuel Merrill, President of the State Bank ;
appointed by the legislature for 5 years,
Douglass Maguire, Adjutant- General ; appointed
by the Governor during pleasure,
Wm. H. Wernwag, Quartermaster- General ; ap-
pointed by the Governor during pleasure,
Hensley and Patterson, Keepers of the Penitentiary,
Samuel H. Peck, Visitor of the Penitentiary,
1,500
100
50
Profits.
50
Isaac Blackford,
Charles Dewey,
Jeremiah Sullivan,
Henry P. Coburn,
Judiciary.
Supreme Court.
Salary.
of Vincennes,
Chief Judge,
$1,500
of Charlestown,
Judge,
1,500
of Madison,
do.
1,500
of Indianapolis,
Clerk,
Fees.
1st Circuit
2d
do.
3d
do.
4th
do.
5th
do.
6th
do.
7th
do.
8th
do.
9th
do.
1839.] INDIANA. 193
The judges are appointed by the Governor and Senate for 7 years,
and the senior in commission is the Chief Judge. This court holds its
sessions at Indianapolis, in May and November. It has appellate juris-
diction only, except that the legislature may give it original jurisdiction
in capital cases, and cases in chancery in which the President of the
Circuit Court may be interested or prejudiced.
Circuit Courts.
President Judges. Prosecuting Attorneys.
Isaac Naylor, of Crawfordsville. Wm. T. Bryant, ofRockville.
J. H. Thompson, " Sa!em. John W. Payne, " Corydon.
Miles C. Eggleston, Brookville. Courtland Cushinj, " Madison.
Elisha Embree, " Princeton. J. A. Breckenridge, " Booneville.
William W. Wick, Indianapolis. Wm. Quarles. " Indianapolis.
Samuel Bigger, " Rushville. Samuel W. Parker, " Connersville.
E. M. Huntingdon, Terre Haute. John Cowgili, " Greencastle.
Charles W. Ewing, Fort Wayne. Thomas Johnson, " Fort Wayne.
Samuel C. Sample, South Bend. Jos. L. Jennegan, " Goshen.
The President Judges and the Prosecuting Attorneys, are elected by
the legislature for 7 years ; and the Associate Judges and Clerks of the
Court, are elected by the people, for the same period. The President
Judges receive each a salary of^ 1,000; the Attorneys, each a salary of
$ 150 and perquisites. The Judges hold two terms in each county an-
nually. There are two Associate Judges in each county, who receive
$3 a day, during the session.
Board of Internal Improvement.
The Board of Internal Improvement consists of ten members, elected
by a joint ballot of both Houses of the General Assembly ; and they
receive $ 3.50 a day. The following are the members ; David H. Max-
well of Bloomington, President, Daniel Taudes of Indianapolis, Samuel
Lewis of Fort Wayne, John Woodburn of Madison, John G. Clenden-
ning of Paoli, John A. Graham of Booneville, Elisha Long of Brook-
ville, Thomas H. Blake of Terre Haute, and James B. Johnson of
Lafayette. — James Morrison of Indianapolis, Secretary. Salary $ 1,000.
Board of Fund Commissioners.
The members of this Board are the following ; Caleb B. Smith of
Connersville, Isaac Coe of Indianapolis, and James I-'arrington. They
are appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the
Senate, and receive $ 2 a day, and their contingent expenses. — William
Hubbard, Clerk of the Board. Salary $ 1.000.
The Almanac for 1837 contains a notice of the important works of
internal improvement, which have been undertaken by this State. Oper-
ations on all the lines have been steadily and vigorously prosecuted.
17
194 INDIANA. [183'J.
The following information is furnished by a correspondent, under the
date of August 9, 1838.
Durino- the session of the legislature of 1835-6, a law was enacted,
aulliorizing the commencement and prosecution of the present State
System of Internal Improvement, embracing various public works in the
several grand divisions of the State, all of which are to belong exclusively
to the State, and to be constructed wholly at State expense. This system.
as modified at the last session of the Legislature, embraces 840 miles of
canals, 90 miles of railroads, and 335 miles of McAdamized turnpike
roads, the whole of which, it is supposed, will cost near $20,000,000.
About 400 miles of these improvements, embracing portions of each
work, have been placed under contract, and are either finished or in
progress. Of the Wabash and Erie Canal, 80 miles have been navi-
gated for the last year, and 20 miles of the Madison and Indianapolis
Railroad are now in readiness for the cars. The total expenditure on the
public works during the year 1837, amounted to $ 1,300,000, and it will
probably be about the same for 1838. The construction of these im-
provements is confided by law to the Board of Internal Improvement,
and the management of the Internal Improvement Fund to the Board of
Fund Commissioners.
Bank of Indiana.
The State of Indiana has but one Bank, with 11 branches, hereafter
to be increased to 15. The capital paid in is now ^ 2,045,837.50. The
Stafe owns half the stock, and the legislature elects a President for five
years, and four directors for four years, who, with one director elected
by each branch, constitute a Supervisory Board, which governs the
branches. All discounts are made by the branches, and each branch
divides its own profits and sustains its own losses, all being ultimately re-
sponsible for each other. The parent board meets quarterly, controls
the discounts of the branches, makes the dividends, examines their pro-
ceedings, and settles difficulties between them. The President and four
directors, on ihe part of the State, appoint three directors for each
branch. The private stockholders elect the other branch directors,
from seven to ten in each branch. The capital will probably be in-
creased, lor the next ten years, at the rate of a million dollars a year.
^ Militia.
The militia of this State comprises 10 divisions, commanded by tlie
following Major-Generals ; 1st, John J. Neely; 2d, John Carr; 3d,
Jonathan McCarty ; 4th, William Marshall; 5th, IMilton Stapp ; Cth,
John Scott; 7th, Robert Hanna ; 8th, Joseph Orr ; 9th, H. G. Sexton ;
10th, Hugh F. Feeny.
All able-bodied, white, male citizens, from the age of 18 to 45, are
subject to perform military duty ; except various judicial and civil offi-
cers, ministers of the gospel, ferrymen, &c.
1839.]
INDIANA.
195
Military duty is required to be performed on three days, one regimen-
tal, one battalion, and one company parade or muster. — The equip-
ments required, are a musket or rifle, a cartouch-box or a pouch, and a
powderhorn. The fine for non-appearance is $0.50, but not generally
collected.
XXiri. ILLINOIS.
Government.
Salary.
Joseph Duncan, of Jacksonville, Governor; (term of office
from 1st Monday, Dec, 1834, to 1st Monday, Dec, 1838,) $ 1,000
William H. Davidson, of Carmi, Lieut.- Governor ; $6 a day,
during the session of the legislature.
Alexander P. Field, of \a.nda.Yia., Secretary of State (includ-
ing clerk hire),
Levi Davis, do.
John D. Whiteside, do.
Usher F. Linder, do.
Canal Commissioners, 3
Fund Commissioners, 3
Commissioners of Public Works, 7
Jluditor of Public Accounts,
Treasurer,
1,100
800
800
Attorney- General,
350 & fees.
All elected by the legislature
biennially. — Pay of each $5 a
day, while actually employed.
i
William Wilson,
Samuel D. Lockwood,
Thomas C. Browne,
Theophilus W. Smith,
Judiciary.
Supreme Court.
of Carmi,
of Jacksonville,
of Springfield,
of Chicago,
Chief Justice,
Associate Justice,
do.
do.
Salary.
$1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
This court holds its terms at the seat of government on the 2d Mon-
day in December, and the 1st Monday in June.
Circuit Courts.
James H. Ralston, 5th Circuit.
Daniel Stone, Cth do.
John Pierson. 7th do.
Jesse B. Thomas, 1st Circuit.
Sidney Breese, 2d do.
Walter B. Scales, 3d do.
Justin Harlan, 4th do.
The salary of the several Circuit Judges is $ 1,000. The judges of
the Supreme and Circuit Courts are elected by the legislature, and hold
their offices during good behavior. There are six State's Attorneys,
who are elected by the legislature biennially. — Salary $ 250 and fees.
)96 ILLINOIS. [1839.
Municipal Courts of Chicago and Alton.
Salary.
$1,000
1,0()0
Thomas Ford,
■William Martin,
Chicago,
Alton,
Militia.
Judge,
do.
All able-bodied, white, male citizens, from the age of 18 to 45, are re-
quired to perform military duty, except ministers of the gospel, various
judicial and civil officers of the State and United States ; also persons
conscientiously scrupulous of bearing arms, who support their own poor,
and perform extra service on the public highways. — Military duty is
required to be performed on three days annually.
XXIV. MISSOURI.
Government.
Salary.
LiLBURN W. BoGGs, Govemov ; (term, from 3d Monday in ) ^v -, rr.r.
November, 1836, to 3d Monday in November, 1840,) 5 * ^'^""
F. Cannon, Lieut.- Governor and President of the Senate,
Peter G. Glover, City of Jefferson, Secretary of State, 730 and fees.
John Walker, do. Treasurer, 730 and fees.
Hiram II. Baber, do. Audit, of Public Ace's, 730 and fees.
Daniel Dunklin, Surveyor- General.
William B. Napton, Attorney- General.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court.
Salary.
Matthias McGirk, Presiding Judge, $1,100
George Tompkins, Associate Judge, 1,100
John C. Edwards, do. 1,100
Circuit Courts.
•'"•Jges. Salary. I Jurlges. Salary.
William Scott, 1st Circuit, $1,000| J. F. Ryland, 6th Circuit, $ 1,000
Th. Reynolds, 2d do. 1,000 C. H. Allen, 7th do. 1,000
Ezra Hunt, 3d do. 1,000 L. E. Lawless, 8th do. 1,000
P. H. McBride, 4th do. 1,000| Jones, 9th do. 1,000
A.A.King, 5th do. 1,000' John D. Cook, 10th do. 1,000
1839.] MICHIGAN. 197
XXV. MICHIGAN.
Government.
Salary.
Stevens T. Mason, of Detroit, Governor; — (term expires
January 1, 1840.) $2,000
Edward Munday, of Ann Arbor, Lieut.- Gov. — $ 6 a day,
during the session of the legislature.
Randolph Manning,
Henry Howard,
of Detroit,
of Detroit,
Secretary of State,
Treasurer^
1,000
800
John D. Pierce,
Robert Abbott,
of Marshall,
do.
Superintend, of Pub, Instruct-
Auditor- General,
,1,500
500
Kintzing Pritchette,
Alpheus Feltch,
Fitzgerald,
do.
of Monroe,
of Niles,
> Bank Commissioners, <
1.200
1,200
l,2u0
Calvin Jackson,
of Marshall,
Priv. Sec. to the Governor,
500
Supreme
Court.
William A. Fletcher
George Morell,
Salary,
of Ann Arbor, Chief Justice., $ 1.600
of Detroit, Associate Justice, 1 ,500
Epaphroditus Ransom, of Kalamazoc
>, do.
1,500
Elon Farnsworth,
of Detroit,
Chancellor,
1,500
Peter Morey,
of Detroit,
Attorney- General,
500
The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the Governor,
with the advice and consent of the Council, for the term of 7 years.
Militia.
The militia of this State comprises 8 divisions, 16 brigades, and 32
regiments. The divisions are commanded by the following Major-
Generals; 1st, John R. Williams; 2d, George Miles; 3d, Charles C.
Hascall ; 4th, John Stockton ; 5th, Joseph W. Brown ; 6th, Isaac E.
Crary; 7th, Edwin N. Bridges; 8th, Horace H. Corastock.
r
School Fond.
I
In the American Almanac for 1838, some account is given of the
liberal provision which has been made for the support of schools, and of
a university, in this new and flourishing State. The following statement
relating to the School Fund, is extracted from the Annual Report of the
Superintendent of Public Instruction, dated Jan. 9, 1838.
" This fund consists chiefly of lands reserved from sale, and given by
an ordinance of Congress to the State, for the support of schools.
Before the sale of these lands commenced, they amounted in all to
1,148,160 acres. In this estimate are included all the school lands lying
17*
198 MICHIGAN. [1839.
within the present boundaries of the State. Of this amount, 704,000
acres are situated within the peninsular portion of the State, and the
balance, 444,100 acres, are located on the west of Lake Michigan. Under
the act, for the disposition of the university and school lands, 34,399
acres have been sold, at an average price of $ 11 97.1 per acre, amounting
to $ 41 1 ,794.33, the interest of which, at seven per centum, is $ 28,825.60,
payable between the 5th of July and the 24th of October next. We
have then this result, the unsold school lands, 1,114,294 acres at $5
per acre, a safe estimate, will produce $5,571,470.00
34,399 acres, at $ 11.97.1 per acre, as sold, 411,794 33
Total, $ 5,983,204.33
" To the interest, $28,825.60, add an equal sum, to be raised in the
several counties, and we shall have for distribution, on and after the
1st of January, 1839, $57,051.20 for the support of schools. The
proposed ten per centum would be a deduction of only $2,882.56, still
leaving, for the support of district schools, $ 54,768.64. The distri-
bution of this sum, if judiciously expended, will produce a sensible
change in the condition and prospects of our schools. The only diffi-
culty to be apprehended is, the want of a sufficient number of suitably
qualified and competent teachers. And it is not to be disguised, that
this is a serious difficulty, and one which time only, and the most
efficient measures, can remove."
XXVI. ARKANSAS.
Government.
Salary.
James Conway, of Little Rock, Governor; (term of office
expires November, 1840,) ^2,000'
Robert A. Watkins, of Little Rock, Secretary of State; (term
of office from 1836 to 1840,) 700
The Legislature meets biennially, at Little Rock, on the first Monday
in November. — Senators, 17. Samuel C. Roane, President. Repre-
aentatives, 54.
Judiciary.
Supreme Court.
Salary.
Daniel Ringo, of Little Rock, Chief Justice, $1,800
Th. I. Lacey, Associate Justice, 1,800
Townson Dickenson, do. 1 800
]839.]
ARKANSAS.
199
The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction only, except in particu-
lar cases pointed out by the constitution. The judges are elected by
the General Assembly, by a joint vote of both Houses, for a term of 8
years.
Circuit Court.
Judges. — Charles Caldwell, Lewis B. Tully, John C. P. Tollieson,
Handy, James Hoge, De Lafayette Royseton. — Salary of each,
$1,200.
The Circuit Court has original jurisdiction over all criminal cases
which are not otherwise provided for by law; and exclusive original
jurisdiction of all crimes amounting to felony at the common law ; and
original jurisdiction of all civil cases which shall not be cognizable
before Justices of the Peace, until otherwise directed by the General
Assembly; and original jurisdiction in all matters of contract, where
the sum in controversy is over one hundred dollars. — The judges are
elected by the General Assembly for a term of 4 years.
XXVII. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
The District of Columbia is under the immediate government of
Congress. The city of Washington became the seat of the govern-
ment of the United States in 1800 ; and it is the residence of the Pres-
ident and the other chief executive officers of the national government.
The Congress of the United States meets every year at Washington,
on the first Monday in December, unless it is otherwise provided by
law ; and the Supreme Court of the United States meets here annually
on the 2d Monday in January.
Judiciary.
William Cranch,
Buckner Thurston,
James S. Morsel,
Francis S. Key,
Alexander Hunter,
William Brent,
Edmund I. Lee,
Circuit Court.
Residence. Salary.
Washington, Chief Judge, $'2,700
do. jissistant Judge, 2,500
Georgetown, do. 2,500
Washington, Attorney, Fees, &c.
do. Marshal, do.
Clerk for Washington County, do.
Clerk for Alexandria County, do.
200
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Criminal Court of the District.
[1839.
Thompson F. Mason,
of Alexandria,
Orphans' Court.
Judge,
Salary.
$ 2,000
Nathaniel P. Causin,
Washington,
Judge,
$1,000
Edward N. Roach,
do.
do.
800
H. C. Neale,
do.
Register.
Alexander Moore,
Alexandria,
do.
XXVIII. FLORIDA TERRITORY.
Government.
Salary.
Richard K. Call, Governor; (appointed in 1836; term of *2 500
office expires in April, 1839,) ^ '
John P. Duval, Secretary, 1,500
The Legislature, or Legislative Council, is composed of 27 members,
who are elected annually by the people on the 2d Monday in October.
It meets annually at Tallahassee, the seat of government and residence
of the Governor, on the 1st Monday in January, and its sessions are
limited to 6 weeks.
Judiciary.
Districts.
Western
Middle,
Eastern,
Soutliern,
Judges.
Dillon Jordan,
Th. Randall,
Rob. R. Reid,
James Webb,
Apalachicola, R. C. Allen,
Residence. Salary. .Attorneys.
Pensacola, $1,800 George Walker.
Tallahassee, 1,800 Ch. S. Sibley.
St. Augustine, 1,800 Th. Douglass.
Key West, 2,300 William Marvin.
W. H. Brockenborough.
Marshals. — George Willis, Samuel H. Duval, Jos. S. Sanchez, Ch,
M. Wells, and Peter W. Gautier, Jun.
The Court of Appeals, consisting of the judges of the several Supe-
rior Courts, is held annually at Tallahassee, on the 1st Monday in Jan-
uary.
The territory comprises 20 counties ; and the County Courts are held
semi annually by the judges in the respective counties, who have a lim-
ited civil jurisdiction, and original jurisdiction in all matters relating to
estates, testate and intestate, and to guardians, wards, and orphans, and
their estates.
1839.] WISCONSIN TERRITORY. 201
XXIX. WISCONSIN TERRITORY.
Government.
Salary.
Henry Dodge, of Dodgeville, Governor and Superintendent of ^^ ^ ^
Indian Jlffairs ; (term from 1836 to 1839,) ^^,oyiK)
Wra. B. Slaughter, City of the Four Lakes, Secretary ; (term , q^.^
from 1837 to 1839,) '"^^^
The Legislative Assembly consists of a Council of 13 members, elected
for 4 years, and a House of Representatives of 26 members, elected for 2
years. Their pay is $ 3 a day, and ^ 3 for every 20 miles' travel. The
government was organized in 1836. By an Act of the Assembly, Madi-
son, on the Four Lakes, is hereafter to be the seat of government.
^ JUDJCIAKY.
Salary.
Charles Dunn, of Elk Grove, 1st Dictrict, Chief Justice, $ 1,800
David Irvin, 2d do. Jissociate Justice, 1,800
Wm. C. Frazier, of Milwaukie, 3d do. do. 1,800
Moses M. Strong, Attorney. Edward James, Marshal.
By act of Congress of June, 1838, the tract of country lying west of
the Mississippi, which formed a part of Wisconsin Territory, was erect-
ed into a separate government, under the title of the Iowa Territory.
The portion lying east of the Mississippi, now forms Wisconsin Territo-
ry, and comprises 13 counties, which contained, according to the census
of J838, a population of 18,149.
Militia.
All able-bodied, white male, citizens, from the age of 18 to 45, are sub-
ject to perform military duty, except various judicial and civil officers,
ferrymen, ministers, &c.
Military duty is required to be performed on four days annually. The
■ equipments requisite are, a musket, bayonet, belt, and cartridgebox.
The fine for non-appearance, is from ^ 2 to ^ 10.
k
XXX. IOWA TERRITORY.
Government.
Robert Lucas, Gorernor and Superintendent of Indian Jif- <it9 ^Afi
fairs;- (term from July, 1838, to July, 1841,) lS?'^-,o^^
William B. Conway, Secretary ; — (term from July, 1838, to <*. ^ oq^
July, 1842,) ^ '
202 IOWA TERRITORY. [1839.
Judiciary.
Charles Mason, of Iowa, Chief Justice, 1,500
Thomas S. Wilson, do. Associate Judge, 1,500
Joseph Williams, do. 1,500
Cyrus S. Jacobs, Attorney. Francis Gehon, Marshal.
The Judges are appointed for 4 years ; and the territory is divided
into three judicial districts, and the judges perform circuit duties.
The legislative power is vested in the Governor and the Legislative
Assembly, which consists of a Council of 13 members, elected for two
years, and a House of Representatives of 26 members, elected annually.
— Pay of the members, $ 3 a day, and $ 3 for every 20 miles' travel. —
The sum of $ 20,000 has been appropriated by the government of the
United States, to erect public buildings at the seat of the territorial gov-
ernment (which is to be fixed upon by the Governor and Assembly),
and $ 5000 for a territorial library.
This country was erected into a separate territorial government by act
of Congress in June, 1838; the commencement of the government dat-
ing from the 4th of the succeeding July.
The territory comprises the country lying west of the Mississippi and
north of the State of Missouri, to the British possessions, in lat. 49 N.
For the distance of from 100 to 2C0 miles west of the Mississippi, and
from the southern border to Prairie du Chien, comprising the southeast
part of the territory, the portion which is more or less settled, it is a
beautiful, fertile, healthy, and undulating country, interspersed with
timber lands and prairies, abounding in springs and mill streams. It is
of late settling more rapidly than any other part of the western coun-
try, with enterprising and industrious inhabitants. But none of the land
has been purchased ; the people being all what are termed squatters.
Counties, loith their Population, in 1838.
Cedar, 557 Jackson, 881 Louisa, 118
Clayton, 274 Johnson, 237 Muscatine, 1,247
Clinton, 445 Jones, 241 Scott, 1,252
Des Moines, 4,605 Lee, 2,839 Slaughter, 283
Du Ruque, 2,381 Linn, 205 VanBuren, 3,174
Henry, 3,058
The total population, according to the census, has been stated at
22,859; but the sum of the above is only 21,797.
There are land offices at Dubuque and Burlington ; and newspapers
are published at Dubuque, Burlington, and Fort Madison.
BRITISH AMERICAN PROVINCES.
NORTH AMERICAN PROVINCES.
The British dominions of North America are divided into the five
provinces of Lower Canada, Upper Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Sco-
tia (including the island of Cape Breton,) Prince Edward's Island, and
Newfoundland.
The constitution of government of the provinces has been modelled
on that of the mother-country; each of the provinces having a Govern-
or, or Lieutenant-Governor, and a Legislative Council appointed by the
Crown ; and a House of Commons or Representatives chosen by the in-
habitants.
In Lower Canada the Legislative Council, appointed for life, consisted
of 34 members, and the House of Assembly, elected for four years, by
forty-shilling freeholders for the counties, and five-pound freeholders or
ten-pound annual renters for the towns, was composed of 88 members.
On account of recent political disturbances and insurrection in Canada,
a bill was passed by both Houses of the British Parliament in February,
183S, "to suspend the meeting of the House of Assembly;" and the
Earl of Curham was appointed Governor-General, with extraordinary
powers, to reorganize the government.
In Upper Canada the Legislative Council consists of 17 members, and
the House of Assembly of 50. Bills passed by the two Houses become a
law when agreed to by the Governor ; though in certain cases the royal
sanction is required, and in others, reference must be had to the imperial
parliament. The supreme legislative authority is, therefore, vested in
'the king and the two houses of the British parliament ; limited, however,
by capitulations, and by their own acts; the act 31 of Geo. III. ch. 13,
declares, that no taxes shall be imposed on the colonies but for the regu-
lation of trade ; and that the proceeds of such taxes shall be applied for
the use of the province, in such manner as shall be directed by any laws
made by his majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legis-
lative Council and the House of Assembly. This point has been one of
the chief causes of dissatisfaction in the Canadas, the colonists demand-
ing the exclusive control over the money raised within the provinces.
In Lower Canada, the laws are partly English and partly French ; but
in Upper Canada, and also in the other provinces, they are wholly Eng-
lish ; and the constitutions of the other provinces resemble that of
Upper Canada.
204
BRITISH AMERICAN PROVINCES.
[1839.
Earl Durham, Governor- General, and Vice-Admiral^ and Captain-Gen-
eral of all the British Provinces within and adjacent to the conti-
nent of JS'orth America.
Charles Buller, Chief Secretary.
Provinces.
Pop. in 1834,
or latest
census.
Exports,
1834.
Official.
Imports,
1834.
Value.
Lieutenant-Governors.
Lower Canada,
Upper Canada,
Now Brunswick,
N. Scotia, with C. Breton,
Prince Edward's Island,
Ncwfuundland,
Total,
.549,005 )
336,461 J
119,457
142,548 )
32,292 \
60,088
£ 613,598
220,418
88,014
I8l,566j
£1,339,624
519,061
285,244
353,981
1 Sir George Arthur.
Sir John Harvey.
Sir Colin Campbell.
Sir Charles A. Filzroy.
Captain Prescott, R.N.
1,939,851 £1,103,596 £2,497,910
Statistical Table, from Martin's British Colonies.
Square
miles.
Acres j Acres
cuitivat. occupied.
Horses.
Neat ok„„„
Cattle. S'^^^P-
Lower Canada,
Upper Canada,
New Brunswick,
N. Scotia, with C. Breton,
Prince Edward's Island,
Newfoundland,
2.)0,000
100,000
27,704
18,742
2,131
35,913
2,065,913! 4,000,000
l,630,9(i5 3,540,000
500,000 1,500,000
1,400,000 2,500,000
200,01)0: 1,000,000
100,000 100,000
116,68fi
36,.5:?0
12,000
25,000
7,00(1
1,000
389,700 543,343
160,000' 300.000
90.000 120.000
200,000 300,000
32,000 50,500
ie,ooo 10,000
1839.] TEXAS. 205
TEXAS.
Government.
A formal declaration of the independence of Texas was made early in
March, 1836, a republican government was established, and David G.
Burnet was elected President, and Lorenzo D. Lavala, Vice-President.
On the 17th of March a convention unanimously adopted a constitution,
which much resembles, in iis general principles, that of the United States.
On the 1st of September, 1836, an election of President, Vice-Presi-
dent, Senators, and Representatives took place. Gen. S. Houston re-
ceived 3,385 votes for President, and Gen. M. B. Lamar, 2,738 for Vice-
President, to hold their offices two years from October, 1836.
Samuel Houston, President, (term expires Oct. 1838,) $'10,000
Mirabeau B. Lamar, Vice-President, 3,500
Secretary of State, 3,500
Col, Hockley, Secretary of War, 3,500
Henry Smith, Secretary of the Treasury, 3,500
S. Rhodes Fisher, Secretary of the JVavy, 3,500
R. Barr, Postmaster- General, 3,500
Attorney- General, 3,500
The first Congress under the Constitution held its first session at
Houston, the seat of government, Oct. 1st, 1836.
The powers of the government are divided into legislative, executive,
and judicial departments; the Representatives to be chosen annually,
until Congress shall otherwise provide by law, and the Senators for the
term of three years. TJie House of Representatives to consist of not
less than 24, nor more than 40 members, until the population shall amount
to 100,000 souls; after which, the whole number shall not be less than
40, nor more than 100. The Senate never to be less than one-third, nor
more than one-half the number of Representatives.
The executive authority is vested in a chief magistrate, styled the
President of the Republic of Texas. The first to hold his office for two
years, and all succeeding presidents to be elected for three years, and be
ineligible for the next following term.
The judicial powers are confided to one superior court and such other
courts as Congress may establish; the judges to hold their offices for
four years, and be reeligible.
Mr. Morfit estimates Texas, according to its present limits, to be near-
ly four times as large, in extent of surface, as the State of Virginia, and
its population to amount to about 65,000 inhabitants ; the army, in Sep-
tember, 1836, at 2,500; — the public debt at $1,250,000.
JVewspapers. — At the beginning of the year 1838, there were 5 week-
ly newspapers published in Texas ; at Houston, Matagorda, Velasco,
Nacodoches, and Brazoria.
18
20d
MEXICO.
[1839.
MEXICO.
Tlie Republic of Mexico was divided by the constitution of 1824 into
19 States, 4 Territories, and the Federal District ; but a decree of
1835 provided for a new division of the country into departments. Be-
fore the declaration of independence, February 24th, 1821, Mexico, or
New Spain, was a viceroyalty of Spain, and was divided into 12 Inten-
dencies and 3 Provinces.
Intendencies.
States.
Sq. m.
14,676
Popula.
Capitals.
%r /~i N
Tabasco,
75,000
Tabasco.
Vera Cruz, ^
Vera Cruz,
27,660
150,000
Xalapa.
Oaxaca,
Oaxaca,
32,650
660,000
Oaxaca.
La Puebla,
La Puebla,
18,440
900,000
La Puebla.
C
Mexico,
35,450 1,500,000
TIalpan.
Mexico, \
Queretaro,
7,500
100,000
Queretaro.
^
Federal District,
200,000
Mexico.
Valladolid,
Mechoacan,
22,466
460,000
Valladolid.
'Guadalaxara,
Xalisco,
70,000
870,000
Guadalaxara.
Guanaxuato,
Guanaxuato,
8,000
500,000
Guanaxuato.
jZacatecas,
Zacatecas.
19,950
200,000
Zacatecas.
Durango, or (
New Biscay, i
Durango,
54,500
150,000
Durango.
Chihuahua,
107,500
190,000
Chihuahua.
f
San Luis Potosi,
19,000
300,000
San Luis Potosi.
S.LuisFotosijK
Tamaulipas,
35,100
150,000
Aguayo.
New Leon,
21,000
100,000
Monterey.
Coahuila & Texas,
193,600
90,000
Mondova.
Sonora,
Occidente,
254,700
300,000
Ville del Fuerte.
Honduras,
Yucatan,
79,500
570.000
Merida.
Chiapas (Guatem.)
18,750
92,000
Ciudad Real.
Territories.
New Mexico,
200,000
60,000
Santa Fe.
California,
425,000
50,000
Monterey.
Colima,
10,000
Colima.
Tlascala,
Total,
10,000
Tlascala.
7,687,000
Population of Mexico computed at about 8,000,000 ; — Whites,
1,.500,00(), Indians, 4,000,000, Mixed Races, 2, 500,000.
The independence of Mexico was declared on the 24th of Febru-
ary, 1821, and the *' Plan of Iguala," so called from the place where it
was formed, was agreed upon; and on the 24th of February, 1822, a
Congress assembled to settle the principles of the Constitution.
On the 18th of May, 1822, ,Sugustine Tturbide, a military chieflain,
caused himself to be proclaimed Emperor, with the title of Augustine I.j
but he was compelled to abdicate in March, 1823.
In 1824, the Mexicans adopted a constitution of government, formed
closely on the model of that of the United States. Mexico was consti-
tuted a federal republic, composed of 19 States and 4 Territories, each
1839.] MEXICO. 207
State having a local or separate government. The supreme executive pow-
er was vested in a President, chosen for four years by the legislatures of
the States ; the legislative power in a Congress composed of a Senate,
consisting of two senators from each State, elected by the state legis-
latures ; and a House of Representatives, consisting of one member for
every 80,000 inhabitants, elected by the people for two years. In Oc-
tober, 1835, the Congress issued decrees suppressing the State legisla-
tures, and providing for the division of the country into departments.
Succession of Presidents of Mexico.
Inaugurated.
Fernandez Guadaloupe Victoria, . President, April, 1825
Nicholas Bravo,
Vicente Guerrero,
Anastasio Bustamente,
[Dec. 23, 1829, Guerrero abdicated the presidency, and Bustamente
became Acting- President : — Guerrero was shot, Feb. 14th, 1831.]
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, • President, May, 1833
Gomez Farias, Vice-President, do. 1833
[May 15, 1836, Santa Anna was taken prisoner by General Houston :
— General Barragan, Acting- President.']
Anastasio Bustamente, President, April, 1837
Ministry, November, 1837.
Jose Maria Bocanegra, Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Manuel Maria Perez, ' Minister of Finance.
Jose Antonio Romero, Minister of the Interior and Justice.
Ignacio Mora y Villamil, Minister of War and Marine.
Vice-President,
do.
1825
President,
do.
1829
Vice-President,
do.
1829
CENTRAL AMERICA.
This country, which was formerly a province of Spain, and styled
the Captain-generalship of Guatemala, was declared independent by
the people, on the 15th of December, 1821, and was incorporated with
Mexico; but on the fall of Iturbide, it disconnected itself from Mexico,
and was formed into a separate independent republic, November 22d,
1824, under the title of Federal Republic of Central America; and the
government was organized in April, 1825. It comprises 5 States. The
following table is extracted from the '' Narrative of an Official Visit to
Guatemala," by G. A. Thompson, made in 1825, and published in 1829.
208
CENTRAL AMERICA.
[1839.
States. Population.
Capitals.
Populat'n.
Guatemala, ....
Honduras, ....
San Salvador,
Nicaragua, ....
Costa Rica, ....
Ports of Truxillo, Omoa, Golfo, ?
and Garrison of Peten, ^
Total,
850,000
280,000
330,000
330,000
180,000
30,000
2,000,000
Guatemala,
Chiqiiimula,
San Salvador,
Leon,
Cartago,
50,000
37,000
30,000
38,000
20,000
The statements in the above table differ from other accounts, and their
correctness may be questionable. The population of Guatemala, -ac-
cording to an enumeration made by order of the government, in 1778,
was 605,339; and an imperfect census of the country was made in
1803, which gave a population of 1,000,000. Humboldt stated it, in
1808, at 1,200,000. Of the population, the whites or Creoles are com-
puted to comprise one fifth, the mixed classes two fifths, and the In-
dians two fifths.
The government is a federal republic, the constitution being mod-
elled on that of the United States. The Congress consists of a Senate,
composed of two members chosen by each of the States, and of a House
of Representatives, elected by the people, — one representative for
every 30,000 inhabitants. The President and Vice-President are elected
by the people for four years. The Catholic is the established religion,
no other being tolerated. Slavery is abolished both in this country and
in Mexico.
This country has of late been the ^eat of anarchy and civil war ; and
on the 24th of February, 1838, the city of Guatemala was attacked and
captured by the insurgents under General Carrero, and Senor Salazar,
who had been Vice-President of the republic since the 1st of May, 1835,
was killed.
Don Manuel Jose Arce, (April, 1825,)
Government : — June, 1838.
General Francis Morazan, (since October, 1830,)
Diego Vigil,
Miguel Alvares,
Jose Antonio Gimene.s,
President.
President.
Vice- President.
Secretary of State.
Sec. of Finance.
BRITISH WEST INDIES.
The government of the British West Indies is modelled on the con-
stitution of the mother country. The several islands have a Governor,
or Lieutenant-Governor, and a Legislative Council appointed by the
crown ; and the most of them have also a House of Representatives cho-
sen by the people.
I
1839.]
BRITISH
WEST IJNDIES. 209
Table of the British West Indies, including British Guiana, with the
Amount of Produce in Sugar, Rum, and Coffee, in 1834, according to
Mc Culloch ; —
also the Governors.
Islands.
Sugar,
cwt.
Hum.
Coffee. Governors.
gallons.
lbs.
Jamaica,
1,256,253
2,924,067
18,268,883 Major-General Sir L. Smith, Gov.
Bahamas,
4
45,579 Col. Francis Cockburn, Lt.-Gov.
I Barbadoes, .
394,527
2,170
77,868 ^
Major-Gen. f Lt.- Governors.
: St. Vincent,
213,017
93,397
197.
I Sir Evan J. 1 Capt. Geo. Tyler.
f M. Macgre-<; Lt.-Col. C.J. Doyle.
Grenada,
194,542
247,049
10,332
Tobago, .
79,018
272,787
gor, Gov. Major-Gen. H. C.
Darling.
: Antigua,
257,177
71,445
224 1
Montserrat,
26,631
20,480
Lt.-Col. Sir f Li.-Govemors.
St. Christopher's,
105,355
79,080
185
, W. M. G. \ Sir H. Macleod.
ColebrookjJ
Nevis,
59,748
23,286
Virgin Islands, .
21,926
3,478
Gov. ]
Dominica,
54,876
27,764
893,492
1 Henry Light.
St. Lucia, .
63,306
4,707
96,004 Col. Sir Dudley Hill, Lt.-Gov.
Bermudas,
2
[Sir Andrew Leith Hay, Gov.
British (Demarara,
n..:„„^ < tissequibo
<^"'^°^'Uerbice,
087,282
90,699
1,273,693
61,277
1,481,980 i
1,045,668 \
Major-General Sir James Carmi-
chael Smith, Governor.
Honduras, .
4
163 Col. Macdonald, Superintendent. |
Statistical Table of the British West Indies, including British Guiana
and Honduras.
[From McCulloch's " Statistical Account of the British Empire."]
Exports,
Free
Appren-
Total
1834.
Imports, 1834.
Islands.
Whites.
Color'd.
ticed la-
borers.
Pop. in
1834.
Official
Value.
Official Value.
Antigua,
1,980
33,432
35,412
£ 446,746
£ 159,288
Barbadoes,
14,959
5,146
82,807
102,912
648,446
394,764
Dominica,
840
3,606
14,:<84
18,830
135,396
37,700
Grenada, .
801
3,786
23,536
28,123
315,611
90,712
Jamaica,
nocensu
s taken.
311,692
311,692
3,346,359
2,193,340
Montserrat,
330
974
6,355
7,659
4,208
7,212
Nevis, .
700
2,000
8,722
1,422
90,454
12,169
St. Christopher's,
1,612
3,000
20,660
25,272
166,709
77,432
St. Lucia,
881
3,919
13,348
18,148
110,816
33,034
St. Vincent,
1,301
2,824
22,997
27,122
331,467
110,509
Tobagi>,
280
3,000
11,621
14,901
139,668
49,122
Tortola, .
477
1,296
5,192
6,965
31,719
2,077
Anguilla,
365
327
2,388
3,080
Trinidad, .
4,201
18,724
22,359
45,284
625,897
328,435
Bahamas,
4,657
4,211
9,705
18,573
67,736
81,577
Bermudas,
4,264
4,456
8,720
6,710
33,909
R •.• . ( Demarara,
cJ^lt ^Essequibo
Guiana, ^ Bg^bice,
3,006
6,360
65,556
74,922
1,416,9.36
481,324
570
1,651
19,359
21,580
223,925
55,766
Honduras,
Total,
250
1,788
1,920
3,958
263,432
672,259
784,675
£8,410,107
£ 4,818,635
White population of ,
Jamaica s
opposed !
ibout
36,000
820,575
18^
210 BRITISH WEST IJSDIES. [1839.
The West Indies have heretofore been a great mart of that infamous
traffic, the slave-trade, — a traffic, which, according to McCulloch, was
commenced by the Portuguese in 1442; and this nation seems disposed
to be last to relinquish it. " The importation of negroes into the West
Indies and America," says McCulloch, <« having once begun, gradually
increased, until the extent and importance of the traffic rivalled its
cruelty and guilt. Sir John Hawkins was the first Englishman who
encraged in it; and such was the ardor with which our countrymen
followed his example, that they exported from Africa more than 300,000
slaves between the years ]6d0 and 1700; and between 1700 and 1786,
610,000 Africans were imported into Jamaica only ; to which, adding the
imports into the other islands and the continental colonies, and those
who died on their passage, the number carried from Africa will appear
immense,"
By means of the noble exertions of Wilberforce, Clarkson, Sharp, and
others, an act was passed, in 1806, by the British parliament, for abolish-
incr the slave-trade; and the present age has witnessed another act,
hifrhly honorable to the British nation, for the total abolition of slavery,
at great expense, throughout the British colonies. By this memorable
act, which was passed by parliament in 1833, the slaves were, on the
1st of August, 1834, made apprenticed laborers, to continue such, a part
of them, till the 1st of August, 1838, and a part till the 1st of August,
1840, wlien they are all to become completely free. To indemnify the
owners of the slaves, parliament voted them the sum of £20,000,000 as
a compensation, payable in certain fixed proportions, according as each
colony should be ascertained to have complied with the terms of the act.
Soon after the passing of this act, the slaves in the islands of Antigua
and the Bermudas were made free by the colonial governments; and
acts have been recently passed by the legislatures of Barbadoes, Jamaica,
Nevis, Mont?errat, St. Christopher's, St. Vincent, and Tortola, liberat-
ing all the slaves, or apprenticed laborers, in those islands, on the 1st
of August, 1838. Movements of a similar nature have taken place in
the other islands ; and Lord Glenelg, the British Colonial Secretary,
recently stated in parliament, that '' when the House should meet again,
he had no doubt that the complete and unqualified termination of ap-
prenticeship would take place."
1839.]
BRITISH WEST INDIES.
211
Distribution of Slave Compensation.
Table, showing the average Value of a Slave in each Colony; the JVumler
of Slaves in each, by the last Registration ; the total Value of the Slaves;
and the Proportion of the £20,000/)00 to which each Colony is entitled,
according to the statement of the Commissioners.
Aver'ge value
No. of
Proportion of the
"
of a Slave
i?laves by
Relative value
of
£ 20,000,000 to
from 1822 to
the last
the Slaves.
which each Colony
1830.
Registra.
is entitled.
£. s. d.
£. s.
d.
£. 5. d.
Bermuda,
27 4 111
4,203
114,527 7
5A
50,584 7 0^-41
Bahamas,
29 18 9|
9,705
290,573 15
3|
128,340 7 5|-47
Jamaica,
44 15 2i
311,692
13,951,139 2
3
6,161,927 510|58
Honduras,
120 4 7i
1,920
230,844 0
0
101,958 19 7^-92
Virg. Islands,
31 ]6 1|
5,192
165,]43 9
2
72,940 8 5^76
Antigua,
32 12 10^
29,537
964,198 S lOi
425,866 7 0^-13
Montserrat,
36 17 101
6,355
234,466 8
Oi
103,558 18 5 -38
Nevis,
39 3 111
8,722
341,893 6
^
151,007 2 ll|-35
St. Christoph.
36 6 lOi
20,660
750,840 7
1
331,630 10 7^82
Dominica,
43 8 7^
14,384
624,715 2
0
275,923 12 8^-30
Barbadoes,
47 1 3^
82,807
3,897,276 19
Oh
1,721,345 19 7 -87
Grenada,
59 6 0
23,536
1,395,684 16
0
616,444 17 7 -03
St. Vincent,
58 6 8
22,997
1,341,491 13
4
592,508 18 0^-93
Tobago,
45 12 0^
11,621
529.941 16
2i
234,064 4 111-55
St. Lucia,
56 18 7
13,348
559,890 10
4
335,627 15 111-19
Trinidad,
105 4 5^
22,359
2,352,655 18
Of
1,039,119 1 3^-11
Brit. Guiana,
114 11 5|
84,915
9,729,047 13
H
4,297,117 10 6^-30
C. of G.Hope,
73 9 11
38,427
2,824,224 7
9
1,247,401 0 7|-76
Mauritius, j
69 14 3
68,613
4,783,183 15
3
2,112,632 1011106
i
Total,
Defic. fractions, -08
780,993
45,281,738 15 10^
20,000,000 0 0
HAYTI.
The island of Hayti, which now forms an independent negro repub-
lic, was formerly called St. Domingo and Hispaniola, and belonged, the
western part of it, to France, and the eastern, to Spain. In 1791, an
insurrection of the negroes broke out in the French colony, and on the
1st of July, 1801, the independence of Hayti was proclaimed, the cele-
brated Toussaint L'Ouverture being at that time the leader. Toussaint
died in 1803, and the command devolved upon Dessalines, one of the
chiefs, who was appointed governor for life, but afterwards assumed, in
1804, the title of Jaques I., Emperor of Hayti. His tyrannical reign was
terminated by assassination in 1806. Christophe, the second in com-
mand, assumed the administration of afiairs ; in 1807 he was appointed
chief magistrate for life ; and in 1811, he assumed the title of King
212
HAYTI.
[1839.
Henry I. But he found a formidable rival in Petion, who possessed
himself of the soutli part of the island, which was formed into a repub-
liQ of which he was, in 1816, appointed President for life. Petion died
in 1818, and Christophe in 1820. Since that time the whole island has
been united into one republic under Jean Pierre Boyer, who was ap-
pointed President for life ; but the government is a sort of military
democracy. The population, by a census of 1824, was stated at
935,335; including 113,328 national guards.
There is a House of Representatives, chosen for six years by the
parishes; and a Senate, consisting of 24 members, named for life by
the House of Representatives, from a list of candidates presented by the
President.
In 1825, April 17th, a treaty was concluded between France and Hayti,
by which the independence of the latter was acknowledged, on con-
dition of receiving 150,000,000 francs, to be paid in five annual instal-
ments.
On the 1st of February, 1838, a new treaty of peace was concluded,
at Port au Prince, between this republic and the kingdom of France.
The balance due from Hayti to France was fixed at 60,000,000 francs,
to be paid by annual instalments from 1338 to 1863.
SPANISH WEST INDIES.
Cuba,
Porto Rico,
Total,
Sq. m. 1 Whites.
Fr. Col.
Slaves. Total Pop,
43,500
4,000
(1827) 311,051
(1830) 162,311
106,494
127,287
286,942
34,240
704,487
323,838
473,362
233,781
321,182
1,028,325
The exports of these islands consist of sugar, rum, molasses, coffee,
tobacco, and cigars, with honey, hides, cotton, fruits, &c. Value of the
exports of Cuba, in 1833, $ 13,996,100 ; imports $ 18,511 ,132. Popula-
tion of Cuba, by a census of 1831, 830,000 ; of Havana, the capital of
Cuba, in 1827, 112,000.
In 1838, the government of Spain levied a subsidy of $2,500,000
on the island of Cuba, to assist in defraying the expenses of the civil
war. General Espeleta, Captain- General of Cuba.
1839.]
TRENCn WEST INDIES.
FRENCH WEST INDIES.
213
Martinique,
Guadaloupe, .
French Guiana, .
Total,
Fr. feople.l cSlaves.
Total.
Capitals.
23,417
22,324
3,760
96.299
97,339
19,102
119,716
119,663
22,862
St. Pierre.
Basse Terre.
Cayenne.
49,501
212,740
262,241
Almost one half of the free inhabitants are people of color.
Martinique,
Guadaloupe,
French Guiana,
Total,
Imports. — Francs.
Total Value.
194,398,336
175,214,936
20,508,387
390,121,659
Yearly Aver
Exports. — Francs.
Total Value, l Yearly Aver,
17,672,576 218,880,839 19,898,258
15,928,630 226,385,990 20,580,636
2,050.838
35,652,044
20,599,0291 2,059,902
465,865,858 42,538,796
DUTCH, DANISH, AND SWEDISH WEST INDIES.
C Surinam, South America,
Dutch, < Curaqoa, and Buen Ayre,
(St. Eustatia,
Pj . , C St. Croix or Santa Cruz,
' ( St. Thomas and St. John's,
Swedish, St. Bartholomew,
Whites.
Fr. Col.
Slaves.
Total.
3,075
2,500
2,029
1,200
51,937
31,300
57,041
13,712
12,350
82,103
34,000
11,400
45,400
8,000
I
SOUTH AMERICA.
The extensive countries on the continent of America, which were
formerly in a state of colonial dependence upon Spain, now form the
republics of Mexico, Central America, and Texas, in North America,
and New Grenada, Venezuela, Equator, Peru, Bolivia, Chili, La Plata,
Uruguay, and Paraguay, in South America.
Soon after the invasion of Spain by the French, in 1808, a revolution-
ary spirit began to manifest itself in the Spanish colonies ; and before
long, all these colonies, one after another, declared themselves inde-
pendent, and formed republican constitutions, most of which were
modelled, in a great measure, upon the constitution of the United States.
The people, however, were little accustomed to free institutions, and
were ill prepared, by character, education, and habits, to sustain a re-
publican government; and their condition, since the declarations of
independence, has been, for the most part, a state of revolution, dis-
order, and misrule. But the Jiistory and statistics of these republics are
very imperfectly known ; there is much diversity in the different accounts
which have been given of them ; and there are doubtless errors in the
followinir brief notices.
I. NEW GRENADA.
Departments.
Isthmus or Panama,
Magdalena,
Boyacca,
Cundinamarca, .
Cauca, .
Total,
Pop. 1827.
Capitals. Population.
80,000
337,000
440,000
3:^0,000
170,000
Panama,
Carthagena,
Tunga,
Bogota,
Popayan,
12,000
18,000
40,000
25,000
1 1,357,000
1839.]
NEW GRENADA.
215
Population and extent of New Grenada, Venezuela, and Equator
(which formerly composed the republic of Colombia), in 1834.
Whites,
Indians, .
Free Colored,
Slaves,
Total Pop.,
Square Miles,
New Grenada,
by census, 1834.
Venezuela, offi-
cial statem. 1834.
Equator.
Estimate.
Total.
1,058,000
376,050
168,700
84,350
200,000
207,000
433,000
60,000
157,000
393,000
42,000
8,000
1,415,000
976,050
643,700
132,350
1,687,100
900,000
600,000
3,187,100
380,000
450,000
325,000
The late republic of Colombia was formed by the union of three states
or provinces, formerly known by the names of the Vice-royalty of New
Grenada, the Captain-generalship of Caraccas (Venezuela), and the
Presidency of Quito, which was for many years united with New
Grenada. A declaration of independence of the Vice-royalty was made
by a congress in 1811 ; in Dec, 1819, a union was decreed, of New
Grenada and Venezuela, into one republic, under the name of Colombia.
On the 17th of July, 1821, a general congress met at Rosario de Cucuta
to form a constitution, which was completed and adopted on the 30th of
August. The legislative power was vested in a Senate of 36 members,
and a Chamber of Deputies of 94 members ; and Simon Bolivar was
elected President, and Saniander, Vice-President. Bolivar and Santan-
der were both reelected, for a second term, commencing on the 1st of
January, 1827.
In 1828, Bolivar assumed supreme power ; the republic was disturbed
by violent factions, and, in 1S29, Venezuela separated from it. In 1830,
a general convention met at Bogota, to frame a new constitution;
Bolivar resigned, and took leave of public life ; on the 4th of May,
1830, Scfior Joachim Mosquera was elected President; and General Do-
mingo Caicedo, Vice-President ; but on the 4th of September, Mosquera
resigned, and Urdanata was appointed temporary President, until the
arrival of Bolivar, whose return to power was decreed by a meeting
of soldiers and citizens ; but Bolivar died at Carthagena, Dec. 17th, the
same year. V'enezuela again joined Colombia for a short time; but in
November, 1831, a new separation took place, and since that time the late
republic of Colombia has been divided into three republics, New Gren-
ada, Venezuela, and Equator, whose constitutions are similar to that of
Colombia, formed at Rosario de Cucuta.
Government of JYew Grenada.
General Santander,
Joachim Mosquera,
term from Oct. 7, 1832,
to Oct. 7, 1836,
C Pr
President.
'ice- President.
Jose Ignacio de Marquez, (Oct., 1836, to Oct., 1840,) President.
2i6 EQUATOR, OR ECUADOR. [1839.
II. VENEZUELA.
This republic, formerly known by the name of the Captain-generalship
of Caraccas, lately formed a part of the republic of Colombia. The
country is watered by the great river Orinoco and its branches.
Departments.
Population.
Capitals.
Population.
Venezuela,
"
f Caraccas,
23,000
Orinoco,
Maturin,
> 90.),000
j Varinas,
1 Cumana,
. 5,000
12,000
Zulia,
^Maracaibo, .
. 20,000
In 1829, Venezuela separated itself from Colombia, and constituted
itself an independent republic, under the presidency of General Paez.
After the resignation of Bolivar, in 1830, it again joined Colombia, but
this union was of short duration. In November a new separation took
place, and Colombia was divided into the three republics, of New
Grenada, Venezuela, and Equator.
Government.
General Jose Antonio Paez, ) la'^i ♦ IS'^" ^ President.
Andres Navarrete, 5 ^^'^^ ^° ^^■^^' { rice- President.
Dr. Vargas, (February, 1835, to February, 1839, 4 years,) President.
III. EQUATOR, OR ECUADOR.
This is one of the three republics formed from the territory, which
before 1831 constituted tlie republic of Colombia, and it comprehends
the ancient kingdom or presidency of Quito, and formerly constituted a
part of the vice-royalty of New Grenada. It derives its name from its
situation, it being intersected towards the north by the equator.
Departments. Population. Capitals. Population.
Equator or Quito, ^ C Quito, . . . 70,000
Guayaquil, V 600,000 ^Guayaquil, . . 20,000
Assuay, ^ ( Cuenca, . . 20,000
Vicente Rocafuerte, President of the Republic.
IV. PERU.
The republic of Peru, formerly the seat of the Incas, and afterwards
a vice -royalty of Spain, celebrated for its ancient civilization and for
wealth, comprises the country sometimes called Lower Peru, to distin-
guish it from Upper Peru, which now forms the republic of Bolivia.
1839.] PERU. 2ir
Departments. Capitals. Population.
Limn, Lima, 70,000
Arequipa, Arequipa, 30,000
Puno, Puno, 16,000
Cuzco, Cuzco, 46,000
Ayacucho, Guamanga, 39,000
Junin, Guanuco,
Liberlad, Truxillo, 13,000
Population, according to enumerations made about 1802, 1,076,000 ; —
136,000 Spaniards, 609,000 Indians, 244,000 mestizos, 41,000 free ne-
groes, and 40,000 negro slaves. — Population, stated by Humboldt, at
1,400,000, by Balbi, at 1,700,000. — Square miles computed at about
500,000.
The independence of Peru was declared on the 15th, and more formally
on the 28th, of July, 1821 ; and General San Martin, who, at the head
of a Chilian force, had obtained possession of Lima, was declared Pro-
tector of ihe new Republic, with supreme power, both civil and military.
In May, 1822, a congress, assembled at Lima by the Protector, formed
the plan of a constitution ; and soon after San Martin resigned his au-
thority, and La Mar was elected President. In September, 1823, Boli-
var entered Lima, and was declared Liberator, and invested with su-
preme military power ; and a constitution, on the model of that of the
United States, was adopted by the Peruvian congress ; but the state of
the country was, for some time, disordered.
In 1827, La Mar was again elected President ; but in June, 1829, he
was deposed, and the congress chose General Gamarra, President, who
was succeeded, Dec. 20th, 1833, by Obregoso. — In 1837, Peru was plac-
ed under the protection of Santa Cruz, President of Bolivia,
V. BOLIVIA.
Population of the Departments arid Capitals, as stated in " L'Art de Vdri-
fier hs Dates," Paris, 1826.
Departments.
Population.
Capitals.
Population.
Potosi,
315,000
Potosi,
35,000
Chuquisaca or Charcas,
246,000
Chuquisaca,
16,000
Cochabamba,
510,000
Orepesa,
25,000
La Paz,
400,000
La Paz,
40,000
1,496,000 ; of which 1,004,000 are Indians.
Santa Cruz, Moxos, and ) ^^q oOO
Chiquitos, ) '
Total, 1,716,000
19
218 BOLIVIA. [1839.
The statistics and present state of Bolivia are very imperfectly known;
and Ihe population of both of the chief towns, and of the whole coun-
try, is variously estimated. Balbi states the population at 1,3()(»,000;
Brackenridge, at 1,716,000; some, as low as 650,000, More than three
fourths of the inhabitants are supposed to be aborigines ; and, though in
a low state of civilization, they have been converted to the Catholic
faith. The country has been computed to comprise 350,000 square
miles. It is very unfavorably situated for carrying on commerce with
foreign nations.
This republic, originally called Upper Peru, and once forming a por-
tion of the vice-royalty of Buenos Ayres, or La Plata, dates from the bat-
tle of Ayacucho, December 9th, 1824, in which the republicans under
General Sucre completely defeated the royalists. On the llth of Au-
gust, 1825, a constituent congress, assembled at Chuquisaca, decreed
to form a new republic, to be named Bolivia, in honor of Bolivar, and
to call a capital Sucre, the name of the general in whom the govern-
ment was vested for the time being, with the title of " Captain- General
and Grand Marshal of Ayacucho." The congress, having solicited Boli-
var to prepare a constitution or fundamental code, dissolved itself on the
6th of October.
The constitution, which was proposed by Bolivar, and adopted by the
congress, in 1826, vested the executive power in a President, chosen for
life, with the privilege of naming his successor, and the legislative pow-
er, in three bodies, a Senate, Tribune, and Censors. But this constitu-
tion was soon abolished.
Sucre, at the time of the adoption of the constitution, resigned his
discretionary power, and was elected President; but he sent in his re-
signation to the congress which assembled on the 3d of August, 1828,
and returned to Colombia ; and in June, 1830, he was assassinated near
Pasto. — On the retirement of Sucre, General Velasco filled the office
of President till the meeting of the convention on the 16th of December.
This body displaced Velasco, and elected General Blanco, President, and
General Looysa, Vice-President. A revolution soon followed, which
resulted in the deposition and death of Blanco, Jan. 1st, 1829. A tem-
porary government was established, with Velasco at its head, till a new
President could be elected, and Santa Cruz was chosen.
Government.
General Santa Cruz, (elected, 1829,) President.
1839.] CHILI. 219
VI. CHILI.
The republic of Chili comprises a territory lying along the shores of
the Pacific ocean, extending about 1200 miles in length, from north to
south, and from 100 to 200 miles in breadth. It is supposed to be the
only American State formerly subject to Spain, whose commerce has
increased since the separation from the mother country. It is divided
into 8 provinces. Santiago is the capital, and Valparaiso the principal
commercial port. — Population estimated by Caldcleugh and Miers at
only about 600,000 } by Balbi, at 1,400,000 ; and others at 1,500,000.
Provinces. Capitals. Population.
Santiago, , Santiago, 50,000
Aconcagua, San Felipe, 5,000
Coquimbo, Coquirabo, 10,000
Colchagua, Curico, 2,000
Maule, Cauquenes, 2,000
Conception, Conception, 8,000
Valdivia, Valdivia, 3,000
Chiloe, San Carlos,
The occupation of Spain, by the French troops, in 1809, caused a rev-
olutionary movement in Chili as well as in other parts of Spanish Amer-
ica. After various military movements, 8an Martin invaded the country
with an army from La Plata, and, by the aid of O'Higgins and others,
liberated the country by the battles of Chacabuco (Feb. 12th, 1817), and
Maypu (April 5th, 181S), and established independence. Bernardo
O'Higgins was placed at the head of the government, with the title of
Supreme Director.
January 23d, 1823, O'Higgins was compelled to resign, and was succeed-
ed by General Ramon Freire, as Supreme Director. In July, 1826, Freire
resigned his office, and Admiral Manuel Blanco was appointed in his place;
but before the expiration of two months he retired from office. — In
1827, the form of the government was changed, and the following per-
sons have since held the offices of President and Vice-President.
Don Jose Maria Benevente, May, 1827, President.
Don Francisco Antonio Pinto, <' " Vice-President.
Don J. de Vicuna, 1829, Vice-President. (Expelled, 1830.)
General Joaquin Prieto, April, 1831, President.
Don Diego Portales, April, 1831, V.-President. (Assassinated, Feb. 1838.)
220 LA PLATA, BUENOS AYRES, &C. [1839.
VII. LA PLATA, BUENOS AYRES, OR THE ARGENTINE
REPUBLIC.
This country was erected into a Spanish vice-royalty, in 1778, by
the name of the Vice-roj'alty of Rio de la Plata. On its declaration of
ndependence, in 1816, it assumed (he name of the United Provinces of
South America; in 182.o, that of the United Provinces of La Plata ; and
in 182G, that of the Argentine Republic ; and it has also long been
known by the name of Buenos Ayres, from the name of its chief city.
The population has been variously stated. Balbi states the population
of La Plata at only 700,000 ; of Paraguay, at 250,000 ; and of Banda Orien-
tal, or Uruguay, at 70 ,000; — total, 1,020,000; Humboldt, at 1,100,000;
Hassel and Brackenridge at 2,000,000 ; but, according to a census said to
have been taken in 1827, the population of the Argentine Republic, ex-
clusive of Paraguay and Uruguay, is stated at 2,379,888; in the Ency-
clopedia Americana, it is stated at 2,000,000 ; — 600,000 Spanish Creoles,
600,000 mestizos, 800,000 Indians, and 25,000 negroes. The population
of the capital, Buenos Ayres, is stated at from 70,000 to 100,000.
In 1810, the first insurrection against the government of Spain broke
out at Buenos Ayres; and, in 1811, a congress assembled in that city, and
placed the executive power in the hands of a triumvirate.
In 1814, Pozadas was appointed Supreme Director of the republic,
with a Council of Seven.
In 1816, a congress assembled at Tucuman, declared the countries on
the La Plata independent, and named Pueyrredon, Director; — having
transferred its sessions to Buenos Ayres, it assumed the title of the Unit-
ed Provinces of South America.
In 1819, a congress assembled at Buenos Ayres, formed a constitution,
modelled on that of the United States, and Rondeau was elected Su-
preme Director, and Rivadavia was placed at the head of foreign affairs.
For some time the principal functions of the government were dis-
charged by a constituent congress, the executive power being entrusted
to the provincial government of Buenos Ayres.
In February, 1826, Rivadavia was elected President. — The republic be-
came involved in war with Brazil on account of Banda Oriental, which
was first ceded to Brazil, and afterwards declared (Aug. 1828) indepen-
dent. — Rivadavia having resigned, the congress was dissolved, each
of the provinces became again independent, and Dorrego was chosen
Governor of the province of Buenos Ayres. General Lavalle, at the
head of the Unitarios, caused Dorrego to be shot, and himself to be pro-
claimed President, Dec. 1st, 1828. A bloody civil war ensued, and, in
August, 1829, Lavalle was compelled to resign, and his successor was
General Juan Jose Viamont, who was succeeded, Dec. 8th, 1829, by Gener-
al Don Juan Manuel de Rosas, who was declared Dictator, Aug. 2d, 1830 ;
but, before the end of the year, General Quiroga made himself Dictator
or Governor.
1839.] ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY. 22J
Government.
General Quiroga, (1830,) Governor.
General Ramon de Balcarce, (1833,) do.
General Juan Jose Viamont, (1834,) do.
General Don Juan M. de Rosas, (1835, for 5 years,) Gov. of Buenos
Ayres, charged tcith thefureign relations of the Argentine Republic.
VIII. ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY.
This country, which lies north of the Rio de la Plata, east of the
river Uruguay, and south of Brazil, formerly constituted a part of the
vice-royalty, afterwards the republic, of La Plata ; and was known by
the name of Banda Oriental. After the declaration of the independence
of the United Provinces, it became the subject of an obstinate war be-
tween the new republic and the Empire of Brazil ; and the contest was
ended by articles of agreement between the parties, signed at Rio
Janeiro, Aug. 27th, 1828, establishing the independence of the country,
which took the title of the Republic of Monte Video, so named from its
capital ; but it has since assumed the title of the Oriental Republic of
Urvguaij.
The republic comprises 9 departments. The population is stated by
Balbi, at 70,000, by Murray, at 75,000, and by Schaffer, at 175,960.
According to the constitution, formed in 1830, the legislative power
is vested in two bodies, a Senate of 9 members, and a House of Repre-
sentatives of 29 members ; and the Code Napoleon was established as
the law of the country. — The first two governors of the republic were
General Rondeau and General Lavalleja.
Government.
General Fructuoso Ribeira, (1833,)
President.
General Oribe, (March 1, 1835,)
do.
General Fructuoso Ribeira, (1836,)
do.
IX. PARAGUAY.
This republic is situated between the rivers Paraguay and Parana,
havino- the Empire of Brazil on the east, and the Argentine Republic on
the west. The population is stated by some at 150,000, by others, at
200,000; by Balbi, at 250,000 ; by Humboldt, at 300,000 ; and the Wei-
mar Almanac raises it even to 600,000, viz. Creoles, 60,000, mestizos,
200,000, and subdued Indians, 340,000. It is divided into eight de-
partments. The military force is said to consist of an army of 5,000
men, and a militia of 20,000. Assumption is the capital.
19*
222
PARAGUAY.
[1839.
In 1810, the Junta of Buenos Ayres sent a body of troops to Paraguay
to depose the Spanish governor, but they were compelled to retreat.
But the inhabitants themselves soon after deposed the governor, and
took the government into their own hands. In 1813, they proclaimed
Paraguay a republic, under two consuls, Dr. Jos6 Caspar Rodriguez dc
Francia and FuJgencio Yegros. At the end of the year, Dr. Francia
caused himself to be named Dictator, for three years, and at the end of
this term, for life. On the 24th of September, 1826, a formal declara-
tion of independence was made, though the country had for 14 or 15
years been governed independently of Spain. — The government of
Dr. Francia, which lias heretofore been administered in the most des-
potic manner, has been, for some years, much milder; and he has
introduced among the people industry and the arts.
X. BRAZIL.
Brazil comprises the eastern portion of South America, and is an
empire of vast extent, computed by some to contain 2,500,000, and by
others, 3,000,000 square miles. But more than Ijalf of the country is in
the possession of independent or unsubdued Indians, who are not in-
cluded in the account of the population.
Provinces.
Population.
Capitals.
Popui-ation.
Para, ....
143,073
Para, .
28,216
Rio Negro,
48,237
Barrado Rio Negro,
3,000
Maranham,
182,986
San Luis de )
ftlaranham, $
26,538
Piauhi,
40.296
Oeyras,
1,700
Seara,
272;71.3
Aracati, .
26,000
Rio Grande del Norte,
68,736
Natal,
18,200
Parahiba,
246,232
Parahiba,
15,672
Pernambuco,
602,205
Pernambuco,
62,325
Alagoas,
256,956
Porto Calvo, .
Sereifipe,
267,523
8eregipe,
36,000
Bahia,
559,650
Bahia, .
120,000
Espirito Santo, .
73,996
Vittoria,
12,500
Rio Janeiro, ,
589,650
Rio Janeiro, •
160,000
San Paulo,
610,631
San Paulo, .
30,000
Minas Geraes,
928,933
Villa Rica,
8,200
Gojas,
150.000
Villa Boa, .
7,000
Matto Grosso,
82,000
Villa Bella, .
25,000
Fernando, .
Total,
600
5,130,418
The population of Brazil has of late been stated from 3,000,000 to
6,000,000. The statement in the above table is given according to
1839.] BRAZIL. 223
Schaffer, for the year 1823, from the Weimar Almanac. According to
an official report made to the King of Portugal, in 1819, the population
of the country was stated for the year 1817, as follows :
Whites, . . . 843,000
Free people of mixed blood, 426,000
Indians, . . . 259,400
Negro Slaves, . . 1,728,000
Slaves of mixed blood, 202,000
Total Slaves, 17)30,000
Total Population, 3,617,900
Free Negroes, . . 159,500
Brazil has more foreign commerce than any other country in Amer-
ica, except the United States. Its principal ports are Rio Janeiro,
Bahia, or St. Salvador, Pernambuco, Para, San Luis de Maranham, and
San Pedro.
Bonaparte having declared war against Portugal, the Regent, (who
after the death of his mother, in 1816, became King of Portugal by the
title of John VI.) with the royal family, left Kurope for Brazil, where
they arrived, January 22d, 1808. After the fall of Bonaparte, John
raised Brazil to the rank of a kingdom, in 1815 ; and, in 1821, he return-
ed to Portugal, leaving his son Pedro, in Brazil, as Prince Regent. On
the 12lh of October, 1822, Brazil was declared independent, and the
Prince was crowned Emperor of Brazil. On the death of John VI., in
1826, Pedro declared his daughter Maria Queen of Portugal ; and on
the 6th of April, 1831, he abdicated the throne of Brazil in favor of his
son Pedro IT., who was born October 2d, 1825, who is now Emperor of
Brazil, the government being conducted by a regency.
According to the constitution, which was formed in 1823, and adopted
in 1824, Brazil is a hereditary monarchy, with a Legislative Assembly
consisting of two Houses, a Senate, appointed by the Emperor, and a
House of Representatives elected by the people. The Catholic faith is
the religion of the State, bat all other Christians are tolerated, though
not allowed to build churches, or perform divine service in public.
Ministry in the ^^utumn of 1837.
Pedro de Araujo Lima, Secretary of State, 4^ J]ct. Min, Justice.
Miguel Calmon du Pine Almeida, Minister of Finance.
Joaquim Jose Rodrigues Tobres, Minister of Marine.
Sebastiao do Rego Barros, Minister of War.
Antonio Perigrino Monteiro, Minister of Foreign Affairs.
EUROPE.
REIGNING SOVEREIGNS OF EUROPE.
^"01116.
III.
Uhnrles XIV.
Nicholas I.
Frederick VI.
Victoria
William I.
Leopold
Fred. \Vm
Frederick
Em. Augustus,
Paul Frederick
George V.
Augustus
William
William
Ch. Frederick
Ernest
Bernard
Joseph
Leopold
Alexis
Henry
Fred. Gunther
Gunther II.
Henry XIX.
Henry LXII.
Leopold
George William
George
Louis
Ch. Leopold Fr.
William II.
Louisi If.
Charles
Frederick
John Joseph
William
Louis
Fertiinand
Louis IMiilip
hahellaU.
Maria II.
Cliarlos Albert
Leopold II.
Maria Louisa
Francis" IV.
Charles Louis
Gregory XVI.
Ferdinand II.
Otho
Mahmoud II.
Title.
Kiiig
Emperor
King
Q.ueen
King
do.
do.
do.
do.
Gr. Duke
do
do.
Duke
do.
Gr. Duke
Duke
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Prince
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Landg'vo
i»r. Duke
Elector
Gr. Duke
Prince
do.
do.
King
do.
Kmperor
King
Uucen
do.
King
Gr. Duke
Duchess
Duke
do.
Pope
King
do.
Sultan
State.
Sweden &. Norway
Russia
Denmark
Great Britain
Holland or Netherlands
Belgium
Prussia
Saxony
Hanover
Mecklenburg-Schwer.
Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Oldenburg
Brunswick
Nassau
Saxe-VVeimar-Eisen.
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
jSaxe-Meiningen-Hild,
jSaxe-Altenburg
I Anhali-Dessau
Anhalt-Bernburg
I Anhalt-Cotlien
jSchwartz'g Rudolst't
Schwartz'g Sonder'n
jlleuss. Elder Line
iReuss, Younger Line
Lippe-Dctmold
iLippe-Schauenburg
I VValdeck
j Hesso-Homburg
I Baden
Hesse-Cassol
Hes«e-Darmstadt
HohenzoPn Sigmar'n
(Iloiienzol'n Hechin'n
jLiclitonstein
I VVurtemberg
[Bavaria
I Austria
Franco
Spain
Portugal
Sardinia
Tuscany
Parma
'.Modena and Mossa
Lucca
States of the Church
Two Sicilies
Greece
iTurkey
Date of Birth.
Date
of
.Accession.
Keb. 5, 1818
41
Religion.
Jan. 2G,
1764
54 [Lutheran
July 6,
1796
Dec. 1, 1825
29 iGr. Ch.
Jan. 28,
1768
Mar. 13, 180b
40 'Lutheran
May 24,
1819
June 20, 1837
18 iPr. Ep.
Aug. 24,
1772
Mar. 16, 1815
41 Reform'd
Dec. I(),
1790
July 21, 1831
40 iLuth'n*
Aug. 3,
1770
Nov. 16, 1797
27 lEvang'l
May 18,
1797
June 6, 1836
39 Catb.*
June 5
1771
July 20, 1837
66
Prot.
Sept. 15,
1800
Feb. 1, 1837
27
Lutheran
Aug. 12,
1779
Nov. 6, 1816
37
do.
July 13,
1783
'May 21, 1829
46
do.
April 2,),
1806
April 25, 1831
25
do.
June 14
179i
Jan. 9, 1816
23
Evang'l
Feb. 2,
1783
June 14, 1828
45
Lutheran
Jan. 2,
1784
Dec. 9, 1806
22
do.
Dec. 17,
1800
Dec. 24, 1803
3
do.
Aug. 27,
1789
Sept. 29, 1834
45
do.
Oct. l'
1794
.\ug. 9, 1817
22
Evang'l
June 12,
1767
April 9, 1796
28
do.
July 30,
1778
Aug. 23, 1830
52
Reform'd
Nov. 0
1793
April 28, 1807
13
Lutheran
Sept. 24,
1801
April 22, 1837
36
do.
Mar. 1,
1790
Jan. 29, 1817
26
do.
May 31,
1785
April 17, 1818
32
do.
Nov. 6
1796
April 4, 1802
5 Reform'd
Dec. 20,
1784
Feb. 13, 1787
2 1 do.
Sept. 20,
1789
Sept. 9, 1813
24 E^ang'l
! Aug. 29,
1 7701 April 2, 1829
59 Reform'd
1 Aug. 29,
1790' Mar. 30, 1830
40 Evang'l
July 28,
1777'Feb. 27, 1821
41 i Reform'd
Dec. 2(5,
17771. April 6, 1830
.52
Lutheran
Feb. 20,
1785 Oct. 17, 1831
23
Cath.
July 22,
1776! Nov. 2, 1810
34
do.
June 26,
17601 .Mar. 24, 1805
44
do.
Sept. 27,
1781iOct. 30, 1316
35
Lutheran
Aug. 25,
1786!Oct. 13, 1825
39
Cath.
April 19,
1793jMar. 2, 1835
42
do.
Oct. 6,
1773 Aug. 9, 1830
57
do.
Oct. 10,
1830iSept.29, 1833
3
do.
April 4,
18 19; May 2, 1826
7
do.
Oct. 2,
1798 April 27, 1831
31
do.
Oct. 3,
1797!June 18. 1824
2G
do.
Doc. 12,
179l|.Mav 30, 1814
22
do.
Oct. 6,
1779'June 8, 1815
35
do.
Dec. 23,
1799
Mar. 13, 1824
24
do.
Sept. 18,
1765
Feb. 2, 1831
65
do.
Jan. 12,
1815
Nov. 8, 1830
21
do.
June 1,
1815
Jan. 25, 1833
18
do.*
July 20,
1783
July 28, 1808
2.3
Mahom'n
the K?n. nf n f ?a'o?y '3 a Catholic.^ though the greater part of his subjecU are Protestants ;
of Greoro U n V-~','r, " 1. '^'•«'<=*''a««, il'ough his subjects are mostly Catkolics ; and the King
oi ureeco is a CathoUc, though most of his subjects are of the Oreek Church.
1631). J
STATES OF EUROPE.
STATES OF EUROPE
225
Jn 1837, with the Form, of Government., Square Miles, and Population,
according to the " Penny Cyclopedia."
States and Titles.
Andorra, Pyrenees, Republic,
*Anhalt Bernburg, Duchy,
*Anliall-Cotlien, do.
*Anlialt-Dessau, do.
*Austria, Empire,
*Baden, Or. Duchy,
*Bavaria, Kingdom,
Belgium, do.
*Bremen, Free City,
♦Brunswick, Duchy,
Church, States of. Popedom
Cracow, Republic,
t Denmark, Kingdom,
France, do.
Frankfort, Free City,
Great Britain, Kingdom,
Greece, do.
♦Hamburg, Free City,
♦Hanover, Kingdom,
*Hesse-Cassel, Electorate,
♦Hesse-Darmstadt, Gr. Duchy,
♦Hesse- Homburg,La?iOTaz!(ote,
♦Hohenzollern-Hechingen, Pr.
♦Hohenzoll.-Sigmaringen, do.
Holland, with Luxemburg,
Ionian Islands, Republic,
♦Lichtenstein. Principality,
♦Lippe-Detmold, do.
♦Lubeck, Free City,
Lucca, Duchy,
♦Mecklen.-Schwerin, Or. Du.
♦Mecklenburg-Strelilz, do.
Modena and Massa, Duchy,
Monaco, Principality,
♦Nassau, Duchy,
♦Oldenburg, Or. Duchy,
Parma, Duchy,
Portugal, Kingdom,
♦Prussia, do.
♦Reus, Principalities of,
|Russia, Empire,
San Marino, Republic,
Sardinia, Kingdom,
♦Saxony, do.
♦Saxe-Altenburg, Duchy.
♦Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, do.
♦Saxe-Meining.-Hililburg,, do.
♦Saxe-Weimar-Ei^enacli, do
*Schwartzburg, Principal, of,
♦Schaui-nburg-Lippe, Princip
Sicilies, The Two, Km.
Spain, do.
Sweden and Norway, do.
Switzerland, Republic,
^Turkey, Empire,
Tuscany, Orand Duchy,
♦Waldeck, Principality,
♦Wurtemberg, Kingdom,
Form of Government.
With two syndics and a council, I
States having limited powers.
Do. do. I
Do. do. I
Absolute monarchy, except Hungary, &c.
Limited sovereignly ; — two chambers, |
Limited monarchy ; — two chambers, j
Do. do. !
Republic ; — senate and convention, \
Limited sovereignty j — one chamber, !
Absolute elective sovereignty, j
Senate and chamber of representatives, i
Absolute monarchy; — with provin. states,
Limited monarchy ; — two chambers, i
Republic ; — senate and legislative body,'
Limited monarchy ; — lords & commons, I
Absolute monarchy.
Republic ; — senate and common council, >
Limited monarchy ; — two chambers, I
Limited sovereignty ; — oiie chamber, |
Limited sovereignty ; — two chambers.
Absolute sovereignly, i
Limited, — one chamber,
Do. do.
Limited monarchy ; — two chambers,
Under Brit, protec. ; council & chamber,
Limited mon., with one chamber.
Do. do.
Republic ; — senate and common council,
Limited sovereignty, with one chamber.
Limited mon., with one chamber,
Do. do.
Absolute sovereignty,
Do. do.
Limited sovereignty ; — two chambers,
Absolute sovereignty,
Do. do.
Limited monarchy; — 1 chamber of rep.
Absolute monarchy ; — provincial States,
Limited sovereignty ; — one chamber,
Absolute monarchy.
Senate and council of ancients.
Absolute monarchy.
Limited monarchy ; — two chambers.
Limited monarchy ; — one chamber.
Do. do. do.
Limited monarchy ; — one chamber.
Do. do- I
Limited monarchy ; — one chamber.
Do. do.' do. \
Limited monarchy, with a council, '
Limited monarchy, with a 1 gislature.
Limited mon., with a diet and storthing.
Confederation of republics ; — a diet,
Absolute monarchy,
Absolute sovereignty,
Limited sovereignty ; — one chamber.
Limited monarchy j — two chambers,
Total,
Sq.
Miles.
190
336
310
337
255,226
5,712
28,435
12,569
67
1,525
17,048
490
59,762
202,125
91
116,700
10,206
149
14,600
4,386
3,198
154
136
383
13,890
998
52
432
14-2
410
4,701
1,094
2,073
50
1,736
2,470
2,184
34,500
106,302
588
2,041,809
21
28,830
5,705
491
79'
880
1.403
756
205
41,521
176,480
234,530
1 7,208 i
183,140;
8,302
455
7,568
Population.
15,300
45,500
36,400
57,600
34,100,000
1,240,000
4,300,000
4,230,000
57,800
250,000
2,590,000
124,300
2,-097,400
33,600,000
56,000
25,300,000
810,000
153,000
1,679,000
699,000
765 000
24,000
21,000
42,800
2,820,000
242,000
5,800
79,000
46,500
145,000
472,000
85,300
390,000
6,700
372,700
260,000
440,000
3,400,000
13,800,000
83,400
51,100,000
7.500
4,500,000
1,680,000
113,700
132,000
146,400
243,000
118,500
26,000
7,650,000
11,963,000
4,150,000
2,116,000
12.000,000
1,330,000
56,000
1,610,000
»,708,871 233,884,800
* Member of the Confederation of Germany.
t The Continental part, 21,472 sq. miles, 2,040,000 inhabitants; the Zftends, 38,290 sq. m.
57,400 inhabitants.
X Including the governments of Perm, Viatka, Kazan, Simbirsk, Penza, Saratof, Astra-
chan, and part of Orenburg : —also the kingdom of Poland, with 47,670 square miles, and
4,100,000 inhabitants.
§ Including Wallachia, Moldavia, and Servia.
236 population amd extent of the globe. [1839. ,
Population and Extent of the Globe.
According to Balbi.
Weimar Almanac. — 1837.
Pop.
English
8q. miles.
Pop. to
sq. m.
Pop. English
sq. miles.
Pop.
74
37.3
9.3
2.9
0.4
20.9
Europe,
Asia,
Africa,
America,
Oceanica, (Auatra- ^
lia,) Polynesia, (In->
dian Archipelago,) )
Total,
227,700,000
390,000,000
60,000,000
39,000,000
20,300,000
3,700,000
16,045,000
11,2.54,000
14,730,000
4,105,000
61.5
24.3
5.3
2.6
4.9
232,200,649 3,134,652
654,610,049 17,238,881
101,313,478 10,787,063
43,800,120 14,755,000
1,473,955 3,347,840
737,000,000
49,834,000
14.8
1,033.398,251 49,263,436
Population of the several States and Countries of Asia,
As stated in the Weimar Almanac for 1837.
States and Empires.
Chinese Empire,
Empire of Japan,
Russia in Asia,
Empire of Annan,
Arabia,
Turkey in Asia,
Persia,
Lahore or Seiks,
Afghanistan,
Turkestan,
•Sindia or Singhia,
Birmau Empire,
Siam,
Nepal, .
Belouchistan,
Sind or Sindhy,
Malacca, .
386,866,112
30,000,000
12,407,190
12,000,000
12,000,000
11,064,600
11,000,000
8,000,000
7,800,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
2,700,000
2,500,000
1,700,000
1,000,000
600,000
Islands.
Sumatra, Independent part, 7,000,000
Borneo, do. . . 4,000 000
Celebes, do. . . 3,000,000
Philippine Isls. do. , . 1,980,000
Mindanao, do. . . 1,000,009
Moluccas, do. . . 980,000
Smaller Sunda Islands, . 1,950,000
Laccadives and Maldives, . 110,000
Other Asiatic Islands, . 524,000
Foreign Possessions.
British Possessions,
Dutch do. .
Spanish, do.
Portuguese do. .
French do.
Danish do. .
124,168,000
6,741,700
2,182,967
577,600
130,000
28,000
Total Population, 654,610,049.
Population of the Different Parts of Africa,
Aa stated in the Weimar Almanac for 1837.
Independent States.
Abyssinia,
Asliantee,
Burca,
Bornou,
Dir Fur,
Guinea,
Morocco,
4,500,000 i Senegambia, . . • 10,000,000
3,000,000 , Sennaar, . . . 1,500,000
300,000 Soudan, Sahara, (fcc, . 20,000,000
2,000,000 Feilatahs, . . . 2,000,000
200,000 I Tripoli, .... 1,500,000
7,000,000 j Tunis, . . • . 3,000,000
8,500,000 I Interior and Eastern Africa, 29,000,000
British Possessions,
Danish do. .
Dutch, do.
French do. .
Portuguese do.
Foreign Possessions.
. 162,000
3,000
15,000
1,905,4.30
. 663,000
Total Population of Africa, 95,284,911
Spanish Possessions,
Turkish do. \ S°y^.P*'
( Nubia,
United States,
11,481
2,514,000
1,18.5,000
25.000
. JVote. The correctness of most of the above statements relating to Asia and Africa
IS not to be relied on.
1839.] SWEDEN ANP NORWAY. 227
I. SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
King and Royal Family.
CHARLES XIV., King of Sweden and Norway ; b. at Pau, in
France, Jan. 26, 1764 ; succeeded to the throne Feb. 5, 1818 ; m. Aug.
16, 1798, Eugenie Bernardhine de Clary, b. Nov. 8, 1781 : — Issue :
Joseph Francis Oscar, Prince Royal, Duke of Sudermania; b.
July 4, 1799; ni. June 19, 1823, the Princess Josephine, daughter of the
late Prince Eugene de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg, b. March
14, 1807 : — Issue :
1. Charles Lewis Eugene, (Hereditary Prince,) Duke of Scania; b.
May 3, 1826.
2. Francis Gustavus Oscar, Duke of Upland ; b. June 18, 1827.
3. Oscar Frederick, Duke of East Gothland ; b. Jan. 21, 1829.
4. Charlotte Evgenie Augusta Amelia Albertine ; b. April 24, 1830
5. Charles Augustus JVicholas, Duke of Dalecarlia ; b. Aug. 24, 1831.
Government.
Sweden and Norway have different constitutions, though under the
government of one and the same king, who is, of all the constitutional
monarchs of Europe, one of the most limited. The legislative body of
Sweden, styled the Diet or States General, consists of four orders,
the nobles, the clergy, the burgesses, and the peasantry. In Nor-
way nobility is abolished, and the legislative body, styled the Storthing,
consists of two houses.
Population.
Sweden, 1831, 2,888,196. Stockholm, city, 77,273.
Norway, 1832, ], 139,849. Christiania, do. 18,305.
St. Bartholomew's, W. India, Swedish Colony, 8,000.
Universities.
Upsal, Sweden, Students in 1836-7, 1,381
Lund, do. do. 1833, 596
Christiania, Norway, do. 1833, 500
Religion. The religion of Sweden is Lutheran •. the form of church
government episcopal; and there are very few dissenters. It has one
archbishop (of Upsal), 13 bishops, 192 provosts, and 2,742 parishes.
RUSSIA. [1839.
II. RUSSIA.
Emperor and Imperial Family.
NICHOLAS, Emperor of all the Russias, and King of Poland; b.
July G, 1796; m. Jiily 13, 1817, Alexandra (formerly Charlotte),
daucrhter of the King of Prussia, b. July 13, 1798; — succeeded his
brother Alexander, Dec. 1, 1825 (his elder brother Constantine, b. May
8,1779, having renounced his right to the throne, — died 1831): —
Issue : —
1. Alexander, Grand Duke, Hereditary Prince ; b. April 29, 1818.
2. Mary, Grand Duchess; b. Aug. 18, 1819.
3. Olga, Grand Duchess: b. Sept. 11, 1822.
4. Alexandra, Grand Duchess ; b. June 24, 1825.
5. Constantine, Grand Duke ; b. Sept. 21, 1827.
6. Nicholas, Grand Duke ; b. Aug. 8, 1S31.
7. Michael, Grand Duke ; b. Oct. 25, 1832.
Princes of the Blood,
Maria, Princess of Saxe- Weimar ; b. Feb. 16, 1786.
Anne, Princess of Orange; b. Jan. 18, 1795.
Michael, Grand Duke; b. Feb. 9, 1798; in. Feb. 20, IS2A, Paulina,
niece of the King of Wurtemberg, b. Jan. 9, 1807 : — Issue; Maria
(b. 1825), Elizabeth (b. 1826), Catherine (b. 1827), and Anne (b. 1834).
Government.
The government of Russia is an absolute hereditary monarchy ; and
it is conducted by a Council of the Empire, the Ministry, and a Senate :
the last of which is a body partly deliberative and partly executive ;
but there is no repiesentative body. The established religion is the
Greek church, but all others are tolerated.
Population of the Russian Territories.
Russia in Europe, 44,563,600
The kingdom of Poland, subject to Russia, . . 4,083,000
Russia in Asia, 12,407,190
Russian Possessions in America, .... .50,000
Total, .... 61,123,790
Statistical View of the Russiaji Universities in 1835-6.
Mineral-
Prof, and
Libraries.
Zoology.
Botany.
ogy.
Function-
Students.
Vols, and
Speci-
Medals.
Speci-
Speci-
anus.
342
MSS.
31,435
mens.
mens.
mens.
Cliarkov,
56
r.,462
19,957
11,510
Dorpal,
68
567
60,473
2,949
12,594
11,590
Kitsan,
Kiow,
Moscow,
89
2J2
29,874
4.306
8,843
1,776
14,139
61
120
44,474
14,790
19,760
5,329
J 9,288
120
419
50,712
33,266
6,289
17,627
3,800
St. Petersburg,
64
285
21,854
9,100
293
6,000
7,837
1839.] DENMARK. 229
III. DENMARK.
King and Royal Family.
FREDERICK VI., King of Denmark, Duke of Pomerania ; b. Jan. 28,
1768 ; declared co-regent with his Father, Christian VIL, April 14, 1784,
succeeded to the throne, March 13, 1808; m. July 31, 1790, Maria
Sophia Frkderica, Princess of Hesse-Cassel, b. October 28, 1767 :
Issue : —
1. Caroline^ Princess Royal; b. Oct. 28,1793; m. to Prince Freder-
ick Ferdinand, Aug. 1, 1829.
2. Wilhelmina ; b. Jan. 17, 1808; m. to Prince Frederick Chailes
Christian, Nov. 1, 1828.
Christian Frederick, cousin to the King; Crown Prince; b.
Sept. 18, 1786; m. (i.) Feb. 18, 1806, Charlotte, Princes of Meck-
lenburg-Schwerin : — Issue : Frederick Charles Christian, b. Oct. 6,
1808; (ii.) May 22, 1815, Caroline Amelia, daughter of Duke Frederick
Christian of Holstein, b. June 28, J796.
The Government of Denmark is an absolute hereditary monarchy.
Population of the Kingdom and Colonies, 1836.
Denmark Proper, 1,564,300 , Santa Cruz, St. Thomas,
Holstein and Lauenburg, 475,800 and St. John's, VV'. In-
Iceland, 50,800 1 dies, 47,300
Faroe Islands and Green- Tranquebar in Asia, and
land, 11,300 ] Guinea in Africa, 28,000
Total, (in Europe,) 2,040,000 | Total, (Foreign Colonies,) 75,300
Religion. The religion is Lutheran, but all others are tolerated. The
national church is under the superintendence of 8 bishops, 1 general
superintendent, 62 provosts, and 1,488 ministers. The bishoprics are
in the gift of the crown. The number of parishes is 1,907, Of a pop-
ulation of 2,040,000, 1,300 are Reformed Lutherans, 2,100 Roman Cath-
olics, 900 Mennonites, 1,500 Moravians, and 1,700 Jews; the remainder
Lutherans.
Education. There are two universities, Copenhagen (600 students)
and Kiel (300 students), 30 gymnasiums, 13 seminaries for educating
teachers, 2,500 primary schools, and 2,000 others on the Lancastrian
plan. — There are 70 or 80 periodical journals ; and from 200 to 250
new publications are annually issued.
20
230
BELGIUM.
[]839, ;
IV. BELGIUM.
King and Royal Family.
LEOPOLD, King of the Belgians, formerly Prince Leopold of Saxe-
Coburg, brother of the present Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha ; b. Dec.
16, 1790; m. (i.) May 2, 1816, the daughter of George IV. of England,
who died Nov. 6, 1817 ; elected King of the Belgians, June 4, 1831 ;
took the oath to the constitution, July 21, 1831 ; m. (ii.) Aug. 9, 1832,
Louise, daughter of Louis Philippe, King of France, b. April 3, 1812.
— Issue: — 1. Leopold Louis Philip Maria Victor, Prince-Royal ; h.
April 9, 1835. — 2. Philip Ferdinand Eugene George, b. March 24, 1837.
-Government.
The government is a constitutional hereditary monarchy. The legis-
lature is composed of a Senate and Chamber of Representatives or
Deputies. The number of Deputies is apportioned to the population,
and cannot exceed the proportion of 1 deputy to 45,000 inhabitants ;
and the number of senators is equal to half the number of deputies.
The deputies are elected for four years, and the senators for eight years,
by citizens paying a direct tax determined by the electoral law : the
requisite sum cannot exceed 100 florins, nor be less than 20 florins.
The Chambers assemble by their own right, every year, on the 2d
Tuesday in November, unless convoked earlier by the king.
Statistical Table of Belgium, — including the Grand-duchy of
Luxemburg'
ProTinces.
Pop. 1835.
Electors.
Repre.
Sena-
Schools,
Scholars,
9
tors.
4
1832.
341
1832.
26,906
Antwerp,
353,936
4,440
S. Brabant,
566,809
5,889
14
7
592
38,690
W. Flanders,
516,904
6,608
15
8
547
36,946
E. Flanders,
747,569
9,606
18
9
875
54,994
Hainault,
626,942
6,327
15
8
888
64,719
Liege,
380,189
3,726
9
5
492
29,889
Limburg,
326,737
3,359
9
4
404
29,392
Namur,
220,332
2,960
5
3
416
30,636
Luxemburg, .
Total,
316,504
4,934
8
4
831
43,250
4,154,922
47,853
102
51
5,386
355,422
Universities,
JVith the JYumber of Students in 1832 and 1835.
Medicine.
Law.
Other sci.
Total, 1832.
Total, 18X5
Ghent,
141
151
292
150
Liege,
97
147
108
352
370
Louvain,
129
125
141
395
350
Brussels,
300
Total,
367
423
249
1,039
1,170
1839.] BELGIUM. 231
Religion. The great mass of the inhabitants are Catholics, the num-
ber of Protestants being only from 15,000 to 20,000 ; but all religions
are tolerated. The Catholics are under the charge of one Archbishop
(of Malines,) and 5 Bishops, (of Bruges, Ghent, Liege, Namur, and
Tournay.) The salary of the Archbishop is 100,420 francs; the salaries
of the Bishops from 56,300 to 77,300 francs. Number of Cures of the
1st class, 81 ; of the 2d class, 165 ; inferior clergy, 4,422. The allow-
ances of the inferior clergy vary from 8 guineas to 30. The salaries are
paid out of the public treasury.
V. HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS.
King and Royal Family.
WILLIAM, King of Holland (Netherlands), Prince of Orange-
Nassau; b. Aug. 24, 1772; succeeded his father in his hereditary pos-
sessions in Germany, April 9, 1806 ; declared Sovereign Prince of the
Netherlands, December 3, 1813 ; assumed the crown, March 16, 1815;
m. October 1, 1791, Wilhelmina, sister of the King of Prussia, b. No-
vember 18, 1774; d. Oct. 12, 1837;— Issue : —
1. William, Prince Royal and Prince of Orange, Field-Marshal;
b. Dec. 6, 1792 ; m. Feb. 21, 1816, Anne, sister of the Emperor of Rus-
sia, b. Jan. 18, 1795; — Issue : William, b. Feb. 19, 1817; Alexander,
b. Aug. 2, 1818; Frederick, b. June 13, 1820; Sophia, b. April 8, 1824.
2. Frederick, b. Feb. 28, 1797; in. May 21, 1825, Louisa, 3d daughter
of the king of Prussia; — Issue: TVilhelmina, b. Aug. 5, 1828 ; Freder-
ick, b. July 6, 1833.
3. Marienne; b. May 9, 1810; m. Sept. 14, 1830, to Albert of Prussia.
Government.
The government is a constitutional, hereditary monarchy. The leg-
islative power is vested in the King and the States-General, a body con-
sisting of two Chambers, which meet annually. The first Chamber is
composed of not less than 40 nor more than 60 members, of 40 years of
age and upv/ards, nominated by the king for life. The second Cham-
ber contains 110 members, elected by the people every three years.
Population of Holland in 1835.
North Holland, 420,345 ]
South Holland, 492,918
Zealand, 140,342
Utrecht, 134,364
Guelderland, 323.167
Overyssel, 186,062
Drenthe, 67,230
Groningen, 166,164
Total, 2,806,278.
Friesland, 217,882
North Brabant, 355,150
G".r;h;:?831,| 302,654
232 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS. [1839.
Population of the Dutch Colonies.
In Asia,— Batavia, Amboyna, Banda, Ternate, Macassar,
Sumatra, and Timor, 0,561,700
In America,— Surinam, St. Eustatia, and Cura9ao, . . 90,000
Total, . . 6,651,700
Education.
The three universities of Holland had, in 1835, 1,527 students; —
Leyden,771, Utrecht, 491, Groningen, 265. — Number of scholars in
the Latin schools, 1,255 ; number of primary schools, 2,832; total num-
ber of pupils in the primary schools, 304,599.
VI. GREAT BRITAIN.
Government.
The government of Great Britain is a constitutional hereditary mon-
archy. In the descent of the crown, the constitutional rule recognises
the right of primogeniture among the males, and of the males in prefer-
ence to the females; but, upon failure of the male line, the crown de-
scends to the eldest of the female issue. The descent is limited to such
heirs only as are Protestant members of the church of England, and are
married to none but Protestants.
" By statute 12 George III. ch. 11, no descendants of George II. (ex-
cept the issue of princesses married into foreign families) can contract
matrimony without the previous consent of the King, unless, being of
the age of 25, they give a twelvemonth's notice of such intention to the
privy council, and, before the expiration of that period, no disapproba-
tion is expressed by Parliament."
In the government of Great Britain the power of the sovereign is
controlled by the influence of the aristocracy in the House of Peers,
and by that of the democracy in the House of Commons. The execu-
tive authority is vested in the Sovereign, the legislative in the Sove-
jeign and Parliament. The Sovereign has the power of appointing all
the great officers of state ; and all the executive acts of the government
are performed in his or her name ; but the ministers only are responsi-
ble for them.
Queen and Rotal Family.
VICTORIA, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, (daughter of the late Dvke of Kent, — b. Nov. 2, 1767 ; died
Jan. 23, 1820, — by Victoria Maria Louisa^ sister of the Duke of Saxe-
Coburg, and of Leopold, King of the Belgians ; b. Aug. 17, 1786) ; —
b. May 24, 1819; succeeded her uncle William IV., June 20, 1837.
1839.] GREAT BRITAIN. 233
Queen Dowager.
Adelaide, consort of William IV., late King of England ; sister of the
Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, b. Aug. 13, 1792.
Uncles and Aunts of the Queen.
1. Augusta Sophia; b. Nov. 8, 1768; — unmarried.
2. Elizabeth ; h. May 22, 1770 ; m. April 7, 1818, to Frederick Joseph
Lewis, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, who died April 2, 1829.
3. Ernest Augustus, (King of Hanover,) Duke of Cumberland ; b.
June 5, 1771 ; m. May 29, 1815, Frederica Sophia Carolina, sister of the
Duke of Mecklenburg- Strelitz, b. March 20, 1778 ; — Issue : George
Frederick, b. May 27, 1819.
4. Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex; b. Jan. 27, 1773; ( — m. at
Rome, April 4, and at London, Dec. 5, 1793, Lady Augusta Murray,
daughter of the Earl of Dunmore, who died 1830. — This marriage,
being contrary to the 12 Geo. III., was declared void, in 1794.)
5. Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cambridge; b. Feb. 24, 1774; m.
May 7, 1818, Augusta Wilhelmina Louisa, niece of the Landgrave of
Hesse, b. July 5, 1797 ; — Issue ; 1. George William, b. March 26, 1819 ;
2. Augusta Caroline, b. July 19, 1822; 3. Mary Adelaide, b. Nov. 27,
1833.
6. Mary, Duchess of Gloucester; b. April 25, 1776;— m. July 22,
1816, to her cousin, William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester, who died
Nov. 30, 1834.
7. Sophia, b. Nov. 3, 1777 ; — unmarried.
Ministry.
The Ministry under Earl Grey went out of office in July, 1834 ; and
a new ministry was formed, with Lord Melbourne at its head. This lat-
ter was dissolved in November, 1834, and another was formed with
Sir Robert Peel at its head. In April, 1835, Sir Robert Peel and his
colleagues resigned, and Lord Melbourne was reinstated in office. For
a view of the succession of the several ministries for the preceding 27
years, see the American Almanac for 1834, page 294.
Salary.
Viscount Melbourne, First Lord of the Treasury, £5,000
Lord Cottenham, Lord High Chancellor, 14,000
Marquis of Lansdowne, Lord President of the Council, _2,0(i0
Viscount Duncannon, Lord Privy Seal; Commissioner
of Woods and Forests, 2,000
Rt. Hon. Th. Spring Rice, Chancellor of the Exchequer, 5,000
Lord John Russell, Sec. State for the Home Dep. 5,000
Viscount Palmerston, Sec. State for Foreign Affairs, 5,000
Lord Glenelg, Sec. State for Colonial Affairs, 5,000
20*
234
GREAT BRITAIN.
[1839.
Salary.
Earl of Minto, First Lord of the Admiralty, £4,500
Rt. Hon. Sir J. C. Hobhouse, Pres. of the Board of Control, 3,500
Rt. Hon. Sir Ch. Poulett Thompson, Pres. of the Board of Trade, 2,000
Viscount Howick, Secretary at War, 2,580
Lord Holland, Chan, of Duchy of Lancaster, 4,000
*#* The above form the Cabinet.
Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Parnell, Paym.-Gen. 8^ Trcas. of Kavy, 3,000
Rt. Hon. Sir R. Hussey Vivian, Master-Gen. of the Ordnance, 3,500
Earl of Lichfield,
Rt. Hon. H. Labouchere,
Lord Hill,
Earl of Albemarle,
Rt. Hon. R. Cutlar Ferguson,
Rt. Hon. John A. Murray,
Sir John Campbell,
Sir R. M. Rolfe,
Marquis of ISormanby,
Lord Plunket,
Viscount Morpeth,
Stephen Woulfe,
Maziere Brady,
Postmaster- General, 2,500
Master of the Mint, <^c., 2,000
Commander-in-Chief, 3,458
Master of the Horse, 3,350
Judge- Advocate- General, 2,000
Lord Advocate for Scotland.
Attorney- General.
Solicitor- Gerural.
Ireland.
Lord-Lieutenant,
Lord- Chancellor,
Secretary of State,
Attorney- General.
Solicitor- General.
Salary.
£20,000
8,000
5,500
Parliament.
The Parliament of Great Britain consists of a House of Lords and a
House of Commons.
House of Lords or Peers.
The House of Lords consists of Lords Temporal, who are Peers of the
Realm, and whose honors, immunities, and privileges are hereditary ;
and Lords Spiritual, consisting of Archbishops and Bishops.
The House of Lords is composed of all the five orders of nobility of
England, viz. dukes, marquises, earls, viscounts, and barons, who have
attained the age of 21 years, and labor under no disqualification ; of 16
representative peers from Scotland ; 28 representative peers from Ire-
land ; 2 English archbishops and 24 bishops ; and 4 representative Irish
bishops. The number of each, in 1838, was as follows : —
Peers of Scotland, (elected,) 16
Peersof Ireland, (elected for life.) 28
English Archbishops and Bishops, 26
Irish Representative Archbishops
and Bishops, ... 4
Dukes, (3 Royal Dukes,)
Marquises, .
Earls, . . . ,
Viscounts
Barons,
24
20
111
18
196
Total,
443
1839.]
GREAT BRITAIN.
235
A List of the House of Peers, with the Title, Family A'ame, Date of
Creation, and Birth of the present Feer.
The Titles here given are those by which the Noblemen sit in the House of Peers.
narked thus (*) are ScoUh Peers; — thus (f), Iri^h Peers.
Those
Royal Dukes. — 3.
Title.
J^ame.
Cumberland
Sussex
Cambridge
[Ernest Augustus
! Frederick Augustus
■Adolplius Frederick
Dukes. — 21.
Title.
Beaufort
Bed lord
Brandon
Buckingliam
Cleveland
Devonshire
Dorset
Grafton,
Leeils
Manchester
Marlborough
Newcastle
Norfolk
Nortliumb'land
Portland
Richmond
Rutland
St. Albans
Somerset
Sutherland
Wellington
Name.
Henry Somerset
John Russell
Alex. Hamilton
K. G. C. Temple
Win. Harry Vane
W. S. Cavendish
Ch. S. Germain,
G. H. Fiizroy
G. W F. Osborne
Wm. Montagu
G. S, Churchill
H. P. F. P. Clinton
B. Edw. Howard
Hugh Percy
W.H. C. Bentinck
(Jharles Lenox
John H. Manners
W. de V. Beauclerk
E. A. Seymour
G. G. Lev, Gower
Arthur W^ellesley
1799
1801
1801
1682
1694
1711
1822
1833
1694
1720
167.5
1694
1719
1702
I7.=i6
1.383
1766
1716
1675
1703
1683
.546
1833
1814
1771
1772
1774
Title.
*Airlie
Albemarle
Amherst
Ashburnhara
Aylesford
fBandon
Bathurst
'Beauehamp
fBellmore
Berkeley
Beverley
Bradford
1792
1766
\l~'^\ Brooke & War'k
Marquises. — 23,
Abercorn
Ailsa
Anglesey
Aylesbmy
Bath
Breadalbane
Bristol
Bute
Camden
Cholmondeley
Exeter
Hastings
Hertford
Lansdowne
Northampton
Nonnanby
Salisbury
tThomond
*Tweeddale
Townshend
fWesimeath,
Westminster
Winchester
J. Hamilton
Charles Bruce
H. W. Puoet
C, B. B Bruce
J, A, Thynne
John Campbell
F, W. Hervey
J, C. Stuart
J. J.Pra t
IG.J. Cholmondeley
'Brownlow Cecil
G. A. F. Hastings
F. C. S. C. Conwa)
Henry Petty
S. J. A, Compton
Henry Phipps
J. B. W. G, Cecil
Wm. O'Brien
George Hay
G, Townshend
G, T, J, Nugent
Robert (irosvenor
Ch, J. Paulet
Earls.— 135.
Abergavenny
Abinudon
I Henry Neville
M. Bertie
1790
1831}
1815!
1821 1
1789
831
I82t;
179{.
1812
181.-
1801
I81t
1793
181-1
1812
183.-
1789
180 1
169-1
1787
182-^
18:n
1551
1784
1682
Brownlow
Buckinghamsh.
Burlington
Cadogan
fCaledon
Camperdown
Cardigan
Carlisle
Carnarvon
Cathcart
Cawdor
fCharlemont
^■yyy! t^'harleville
J301 1 Chesterfield
I Chichester
[Clarendon
tCloubroch
Cornwallis
Coveiitry
Cowper
Craven
Dartmouth
De Grey
I De La Warr
iDenbigh
! Derby
17961 Devon
I76tii
179 J I
1767,
1760 1
I775i
1771
1766
1785
1765
1785
1768
1791
75
1786
1769
1811
:1768
1773
1769
1793
1759
1799
1795
1808
1777
1780
1790
1797
179;
I7tu;
1787
1778
1785
176
Digby
iDoncaster
Ducie
Durham
Eftlnghara
Egremont
Eldon
*Elgil
fCnniskillen
Essex
Falmouth
Ferrers
Fitzwilliam
Fortescue
..„. tt'lengall
1774 It^osford
Graham
1755
1784
Granville
Grey
Guilford
Harborough
JVame,
Cre-
ated.
David Ogilby
W. C, Keppel
Wm, P. Amherst
B. Ashburnhara
Hei.eage l''inch
James Bernard
Henry Bathurst
J.K. B.Pindar
S. L. Corry
Crople} Berkeley
Algernon Percy
G. A. b\ Bridgeman
See Warwick
John Cust,
G.K. T.H.Hampden
G. A. H. Cavendish
George Cadogan
Dupie Alexander
R. D. D. Haldaue
J. Th. Brudenell
George Howard
H, J. G. Herbert
W. S. Cathcart
J. F, Campbell
F, W. Caulficld
Ch, Win. Bury
G. A. F. Siauiiope
H. T. Pelham
J, C. Villiers
Robert Dillon
James Mann
Wm. G. Coventry
G. A. F, Cowper
William Craven
William Legge
Thomas Philip
G, J. West
B. P, Fielding
Edward Stanley
[Wm. Courteuay
Edward Digby
Walter F. fccott
[D, Buccleuch, Sc]
Thomas Morion
J, G, Lambton
Th, Alexander
Wyndham
John Scott
Thomas Bruce
John W. Cole
G. C, Coningsby
Edward Boscawen
Washington Shirley
C. W, Fitzwilliam
H. Fortescue
Richard Butler
Arch. Acheson
James Graham
[D. Montrose, Sc]
F. J. Gower
Charles Grey
Francis North
philipSherard
B'n
1639 17<i5
1696:1772
lfc26|1773
1730 1797
I714ll7e6
1795
177217S0
1815
1797 1774
1679
1790 1778
1815 1789
18151779
174ti!l7e9
1331; loOB
1 800 U 768
1800, '777
1831 1785
1661 1797
1661
1793
1814
1827
1760
1806
1628
1801
1776
1790
1753
1697
1718
1801
1711
1264
1761
1622
1484
1553 ;i...
,790l//3
1773
IHUO
1755
1790
177:
J801
la05
lb04
1757
1807
1778
1784
1806
lb09
1784
1781
1791
1796
1775
1777
1662,
1837
1833
1837
1749
1821
1633 ^i
ItOb
1776
1792
1767
1785
1805
1766
1768
1757
I7e7
1711 liLO
1746 I'Ob
1789
1660
1821
17e9
1816
i7^3
1794
J 722 1799
1833MP3
1806 17*54
1752' 17 '2
1719;i779
296
GREAT BRITAIN.
[1889
Title.
Hardwicke
Harewood
Harrington
Harrow by
Hilldborough
■*n6me
Howe
HuDiingdon
Ilchesler
Jersey
tKingston
Leicester
*Leven
Lichfield
fLimerick
Lindsey
Liverpool
Lousdale
Lovelace
tLucaa
Macclesfield
Malniesbury
Mansfield
Manvers
fMayo
Minto
Morley
♦Morton
tMountcashel
Mt. Edgecumbe
Munster
Nelson
tO'Neill
Onslow
Orford
♦Orkney
Oxford
Pembroke
Pl> mouth
Pomfret
Poulelt
Powis
Radnor
Ripon
Roniney
fRosse
Rossiyn
St. Germans
Sandwich
Scarborough
♦Selkirk
Shallesbury
Shrewsbury
Somera
Spencer
Stamford
Stanhope
Siradbroke
Strange
Suffolk & Berk.
Talbot
Tankerville
Thanet
Vane
Name
Verui
am
Philip Yorke
H. Lascelles
Charles Stanhope
Dudlev Ryder
A. B. S. T. Hill
[M.Uownsh. Ire.]
A. Home-Raraey
R. W. P. C. Howe
F. T. H. Hastings
H.S.F.StiHtigeways
George Villiers
George King
H. Th. Wm. Coke
David Leslie
Th. VVm. Anson
E. Henry Pery
Albemarle Bertie
C. C. C. Jenkinson
VVm. Lowther
Peter King
Richard Bingham
George Parker
J. E. Harris
Wm. Murray
C. H. Pierrepont
John Bourke
G. E. Kynymound
John Parker
G. S. Douglas
Stephen Moore
R. Edgecumbe
Geo. Fitzclarence
H. B. Nelson
C. H. St. John
A. G. Onslow
Horatio Walpole
T. J. Fitzmaurice
Edward Harley
R. H. Herbert
Andrew Windsor
Th. Wm. Fermor
John Poulett
Edward Clive
W. P. Bouvrie
Fred. J. Robinson i
C. Marsham
L. Parsons
J. St. C. Erskine
William Eliot
G. J. Montagu
J. L. Saville
D. J. Douglas
C. A. Cooper
John Talbot
J. S. Cocks
J. C. Spencer
G. H. Gray
P. H. Stanhope
J. E. Rous
John Murray
[D, of Athol, Sc]
Thomas Howard
C. C. T. Chetwynd
C. A. Bennet
Henry Tufton
C. W. Stewart
[M. Lond'ry, Ire.]
J. W. Grimson
Cre-
ated
754
812
741
809
772
604
721
529
756
679
821
837
641
831
815
626
796
807
838
795
721
800
792
806
785
813
815
457
781
789
831
805
831
801
806
696
711
551
682
721
706
804
765
833
801
806
801
815
660
690
646
672
442
821
765
628
718
821
786
603
784
714
628
823
1815
fi'nJ
Title.
757
767
780
762
788
769
796
808'
787
773;
771
786
795
758
814
784
757
805
764
755
778
7771
778|
7661
782'
772t
789
7921
764|l
794
786
779
m,
783|
773^
791 j
7641
771
783
754
779
782
777i
758'
762
767
811
757
809
768
791
760
782
765
781
794
778
j
776
777
776
775
778
I
1775
Name.
Waldegrave J. J. Waldegrave
Warwick & B. H. R. Greville
Westmoreland John Fane
fWicklow
Willon
Winchelsea
Yarborough
Zetland
William Howard
Th. Edgerton
G. W. F. Hutton
Charles Pelham
Lawrence Dundaa
Viscounts. — 24.
j*Arbuthnotl
Beresford
Bolingbroke
Canning
Canterbury
Combermere
tDoneraile
Exmouth
Gordon
tGort
fHawarden
Hereford
Hood
Hutchinson
Lake
Leinster
fLorton
Maynard
Melville
St. Vincent
Sidmouth
*Strathallan
Sydney
Torrington
iJohn Arbuthnott
W. C. Beresford
Henry St. John
C. J. Canning
|Ch. M. Sutton
S. Cotton
Hayes Doneraile
Edward Pellew
jG. H. Gordon
[E. Aberd., Scot,
jCh, Vereker
IM. Hawarden
IH. Devereux
I Henry Hood
jj. H. Hutchinson
[E. Donough, Ir.
F. G. Lake
|A. G. Fitzgerald
I [D. Leinster, Ire,
;R. E. King
Henrv Maynard
R. S.'Dundas
;E. J. Jervis
jHenry Addington
J. Drummond
(J. R. Townshend
George Byng
Crc-|
ated
BSi.<
1729,17«l
1416 177t
1624 1T«fl
1793 17W
1801179B
1628 1791!
1837 1781
Barons. — 206.
Abercromby
Abinger
Alvanley
lArden
Ardrossan
JArundel
lAshburton
Auckland
Audley
Begot
Barham
Bateman
Bayning
Belhaven
Berners
Berwick
Bexley
Bolton
Boston
Boyle
i
I
Braybrooke
Brodrick
1838
1641
1823
1712
1827
1835
1826
1785
1816
1814
1816
1793
1549
1796
1821 1
1807
1746:
1806
1766 1
1802
1801
1805
1686
1789
1721
1762
1777.
177a
178ft
1812
17801
17691
1786!
1811
1784
|1786
1780
1777!
1758
1757
1772
1791
1778
1786
1771
I
1797
1767
1805
1812
iG. Abercromby 1801 1770
1 James Scarlett 1835
William Arden 1I8OI 1789
C. G. Percival 1 1302 1756
Ia. Montgomerie il806l812
'[E. Eglintoun, Sc]
JEverard Arundel 1605 1785
Alex. Baring
jGeorge Eden
G. J. Tuchet
William Bagot
Ch. Noel Noel
W. Bate. Hanbury!l837
H. W. Powlett {1797 1797
See Hamilton
Henry Wilson ,
Wm. Noel Hill ,
Nich. Vansittart |
Wm. O. Powlett ,
George Irby
Edmund Bovle i
[E.Cork ifcOrr.Ir.J I !
Richard Griffin !l788 1783
George Brodrick 1 1796 1754
[V. Middlet., Ire.] I I
1835 1773
1793 1784
1296 1817
1780 1773
1805 1781
I455I
1784 1770
1823 1766
1797 1782
1761 1777
1711 1767
1839.]
GREAT BRITAIN.
237
Title.
Names.
Cre-
ated
B'n. Title.
Names.
Cre-
ated
1821
B'n.
1801
Brougham «fc V
Henry Brougham
1330
1779 Forester
J. G. Forester
Byron
George A. Byron
1643
1789 Gage
H. H. Gage
1790
1791
Calthorpe
G. G. Calthorpe
1796
1787 Gardner
A. H. Gardner
1806
1810
Camden
G. C. Pratt
1835
[ Gifford
R. F. Gifford
1824
1817
tCarberry
John Freke
1715
1765 Glenelg
Charles Grant
1835
1782
Carevv
R. S. Carew
1838
1 Glenlyon
G. A. F. Murray
1821
1815
Carleton
Henry Boyle
1786
1771 Godolphin
F. G. Osborne
1831
1777
[E. Shannon, Ire.]
Granard
George Forbes
1806
1760
Carrington
Robert Smith
1797
1752 i
(E. Granard, Ire.
Carteret
John Thynne
1784
Grantley
Fletcher Norton
1782
1796
Carysfort
John Proby
1801
1780 *Gray
Francis Gray
1437
1765
[E. Carrysfort, Ir.]
1 Grey of Groby
Geo. H. Grey
1603
1827
Chaworth
J. C. Brabazon
[E. of Meath, Ire.]
1831
17721 Hamilton
R. M. Hamilton
fL. Belhaven, Sc]
1831
1793
Churchill
F. A. Spencer
1815
1779 Harris
Wm. G. Harris
1815
1782
Clanwilliam
Richard Meade
1828
1795] Hatherton
E. J. Littleton
1835
1791
[E. Clanwm., Ire.]
1 Hawke
E. W. Hawke
1776
1799
Clifford
H. Ch. Clifford
1672
1790 Hay
T.R.H.Drummond
1711
1785
Clifton
Henry Bligh
1608
1795 1
[E. Kinnoul, Sc]
[E. Darnley, Ire.]
1 Heytesbury
Wm. A'Court
1828
1779
Clinton
Ch. R. Trefusis
1298
1791 Hill
Rowland Hill
1814
1772
Claubrassil
Robert Jocelyn
1821
1788 Holland
H. R. Vassal Fox
1762
1773
[E. of Roden, Ire.]
^Hopetown
John Hope
1809
1803
Clements
N. Clements
1831
1768 1
[E. Hopetown, Sc]
[E. Leitrim, Ire.]
Ilowland
Francis Russell
1695
1788
Cloncurry
V. B. Lawless
1831
1773 1
[M. Tavistock.]
Colchester
Charles Abbot
1817
1798 Howard de W.
Ch. A. Ellis
1597
1799
*Colvil]eofCuI.
J. Colville
1609
1768 Howden
J. F. Caradoc
1831
1762
Coitenham
Ch. C. Papvs
1886
1781 Hunsdon
Lucius Carey
1831
1803
Cowley
H. Wellesley
1828
17731
[V. Falkland, Sc]
Crewe
John Crewe
1806
1812' Innes
Jas. H. R. Innes
1837
1816
Dacre
Thomas Brand
1307
1774!|
(D. Roxburgh, Sc]
Dalhousie
J. A. Ramsay
[E. Dalhou., Scot.]
1815
1812^Kenlis
Th. Tavlor
[M. Headfort, Ire.]
1831
1787
Delamere
Th. Cholmondeley
1321
1767
Kenyon
George Kenyon
1788
1776
Delisle & Dud.
P. C. Sidney
1835
1800
Ker
J. W. R. Ker
1821
1794
De Mauley
W. F. S.Ponsonby
1838
[M. Lothian, Sc]
Den man
Th. Denman
18.34
1779
Kilmarnock
Wm. G Hay
1831
1801
DeRos
H. W. Fitzgerald
1264
1792
[E. of Errol, Sc]
De Saumerez
James Saurnarez
1831
1789
Kingston
George King
1821
1771
De Tabley
George Warren
1826
1811
[E. Kingston, Ir.]
Dinorben
Wm. L. Hughes
1831
1767
Kintore
A. A. K. Falconer
1838
1794
Dorchester
Guy Carleton
1786
1811
[E. Kintore, Sc]
Dormer
J. T. Dormer
1616
1790
Langdale
H. Bicker&feth
1836
1783
Douglas
Arch. Douglas
1790
1773
Lauderdale
James Maitlaiid
1806 1759
Dover
G. J. W. Agar Ellis
1831
1797
|E Lauderdale, Sc]
fDownes
Ulysses Burgh
1822
1788
Lilford
Th. A. Powis
1797 1801
tDunalley
Henry Prittie
1£00
1775
1 Lismore
C. O'Callaghan
1838 1775
Duncannon
J. W. Ponsonby
1834
1781
[E. Lismore, Ire.]
Dunmore
George Murray
[E. Dunmore, Sc]
1831
1762
Loflus
John Loftus
(M. of Elv, Ire.]
18011770
i
tDunsany
Edward Plunket
1490
1775 Lovat
Th. A.Frazer
1837
Dynevor
G. T. Rice
1780
1765 Lovel & Holl.
John Percival
1762 1767
Eilenborough
Edward Law
U02
1790 1
[E. Egmont, Ire.]
Erskine
D. M. Erskine
1806
1773 Ludlow
George J. Ludlow
1831 1758
tFarnham
John Barry
1756
1767JJ
[E. Ludlow, Ire.]
Feversham
Th. Duncombe
1826
1764 Lyndhurst
John S. Copley
1827
1772
Fife
James Duff
1827
1776 Lynedoch
Th. Graham
1814
1750
[Earl Fife. Ire.]
1 Lytileton
Wm. H. Lyttleton
1794
1782
Fingall
A. J. Plunkett
1831
1759 Manners
T. Manners Sutton
1807
1756
[E. Fingall. Ire.]
1 Maryborough
W. Wellesley Pole
1821
1763
1779
Fisherwick
G. A. Chichester
1790
1769 Melbourne
Wm. Lamb
1815
[M. Donegal, Ire.]
(V.Melbourne, Jr.]
Fitzgerald
W. Fitzgerald
1835
Meldrum
George Gordon
181S
1761
Fitzgibbon
J. Fitzgibbon
1799
1792
[E. Abovne, Sc]
1780
[E. of Clare, Ire.]
1 Melrose
Th. Hamilton
1827
Foley
Th. H. Foley
1776
1808
[E. Hadington, S.]
*Fori)es
Jas. Ochoncar
1436
1787
238.
GREAT BRITAIN.
[1839.
Title.
Mendip
Methuen
Middleton
Minster
Monson
Montagu
Moore
Montfort
Mounteagle
Mostyn
Northwick
Oriel
Ormonde
Osborne
Paget
Panmure
Penhurst
Petre
Plunket
Poltraore
Ponsonby
Ponsonby
Portman
Prudhoe
Ranfurly
Ravensworth
Rayleigh
Reay
Redesdale
Ribblesdale
Rivers
Rodney
Rolle
Rosebery
Ross
Rossie
Rossmore
St. Helen's
St. John
Saltersford
Name.
Cre-
ated
1794
H. W. Agar Ellis
[V. Clifden, Ire.]
Paul Methuen
H. Willoughby
F. N. Conyngham
[M. Conyng., Ire.]
J. George Monson
H. J. Montagu Scot 1786
Charles Moore 1801
[M. Drogheda, Ir.]
Henry Bromley
H. P. Browne
(M. of Sligo, Ire.]
Edward P. Lloyd
John Rushout
T. H. Skefflngton
[V. Ferrard, Ire.]
James Butler
[M. Ormonde, Ire.]
F. G. d'Arcy
[M. Carmerthen.]
Henry Paget
William Maule
P. C. S. Smythe
[V. Strangford, Ir.]
W. F. H. Petre
Wm. C. Plunket
G. W Bampfylde
Fred. Ponsonby
[E. Besboro', Ire.]
John Ponsonby
1838
1712
1821
1723
1741
1806
1831
1797
1821
1821
1549
1331
1824
1603
1827
1831
1749
'1 1806
Ed. B. Portman [l837
[Algernon Percy ,1816
Thomas Knox 1826
[E. Ranfurly, Ir.]
Thomas H. Liddell 1821
J. J. Strutt 1821
Eric Mackay 1 1628
J. Thomns Mitford 1802
Thomas Lister 1797
iGeorge Pitt Rivers 1802
George Rodney 1782
iJohn Rolle 1796
A. J. Primrose 1828
j [E. Rosebery, Sc]
IGeorge Bovle 1815
I [E. Glasgow, Sell
G. W. F. Kinnaird 1831
[E. Kinnaird, Sc]
W. W. Westenra J1838
.\. Fitzherbert |l801
St. Andrew St. John 1558
J. G. Spotford |1796
[E. Courtownjr.]!
B'n.
Title.
1761
1761
1797
1809
1776
1770
1773
1788
1768
1770
1765
1
1774
!
1798
I
1797.
1771
1780
1793
1765'
1786J
1758.
1770!
1799,
1792;
1754|
1775
17961
1777'
1805
1828'
1810
1782!
17561
1783
1766
1807
1765
1753
181ll
1765!
*Saltoun
Sandys
Say and Sele
Scarsdale
Seaford
Sefton
I
Seagrave
Sheffield
i
Sherborne
*Sinclair
Skelmersdale
Somerhili
Sondes
Southampton
Stafford
Stewart of G.
jStourton
IStuart
iStuart deRoth.
[Sudeley
[Suffield
Sundridge and
I Hamilton
Templemore
JTenterden
[Teynham
Thurlow
Tyrone
jVaux of Harro.
Vernon
Wallace
Walsingham
Ward
jWellesley
jWemyss
Wenlock
Western
Wharncliffe
Wigan
Wilio'by de B.
Willo'by de E.
Wodehouse
Wrottesley
Wvnford
Name.
vt?
A. G. Frazer
Arthur Hill
G.W.E.T. Fiennes
Nathaniel Curzou
Ch. R. Ellis
W. P. Molineux
E. Sefton, Ire.]
F. Berkeley
G. A.F.B.Holroyd
(E. Sheffield, Ire.]
John Button
Charles Sinclair
E. B. Wilbraham
U. J. de Burgh
[MClanricarde, Ir]
L. R. Watson
Charles Fitzroy
G.W.S.Jerningham
George Stewart
[E. Galloway, Sc]
William Stourton
Francis Stuart
[E. Moray, Scot.]
Charles Stuart
Ch. H. Tracy
Edward Harbord
G. W. Campbell
[D. Argyll, Scot.]
H. S. Chichester
J. H. Abbot
H. F. R. Curzon
E. T. H. Thurlow
H.de la P.Beresford
[M. Waterford, I.]
G. B. Mostyn
G. C. Vernon \
iTh. Wallace
iTh. deGrey
IW. Humble Ward
iRichard Wellesley
1[M. Wellesley, Ir.]
}F, W. C. Douglas
I [E. Wemyss Sc] I
iRobert Lawley
Ch. C. Western
J. A. S. Mackenzie
James Lindsay
[E. Barcarras, Sc]
Henry Verney
P. R. D. Burrell
J. Wodehouse
J. Wrotesley
Wm. D, Best
Cre-
ated
B'n
1445 1785
1802 1792
1603
1761
1826
1831
1831
1802
1769
1751
1771
1772
1786
1802
1784i]779
1449; 1768
182811771
1 826 j 1802
1760 1792
1780 1804
1640 1771
1796 1800
11448
|l796
11828
11833
11786
;i766
11831
■1827
'1766
1792
1786
1776
1771
1780
1781
1778
1796
1768
1814
1811
1523
1762 1779
1828
1780,1778
1835 1781
1797
1821
1760
l'>72
1831
1833; 1767
1826 1776
182611784
1492
1314
1797
1838
1829
1773
1782
1771
1767
r l-r°i °''^*'* '*•* difficulty of finding the names of those Scotrh and hisli Pi
Uah JiUet, but who are commonly addressed by their higher Scotch or Irish
Aberdeen, E., see Gordon
Aboyne, E., see Meldrum
Argyll, T>.,see Sundiidge
Athol, D., sie StranETe
Bslcarras, E., see Wigan
Uelhaven. L., ste llainilton
BeBl)orough, E., see Ponsonby
Brecknock, E., see Camden
Biiccleuch, D., see Doncaster
Clanricarde, M , see Somerhili
Clare, E., see ritzgibbon
Clifden, v., «ee Mendip
Conyngham, M., sec Minster
Cork, E., see Bovle
Courtown, E. see Saltersford
Darnley, E.,see Clifton
Donegal, M., tee Fisherwick
Donoughmore, E., see Hutchinson
Dowrishire, M., sec Hillsboro'
Drogheda, M., see Moore
Eglintoun, E., see Ardrossan
Egmont, E., see Lovell
Ely, M. , see Loftus
Errol, E., see Kilmarnock
Kulkland, V., see Hunsdon
Ferraid, V., see Oriel
• lalloway, E., see Stewart
(ilasgow, E.,see Ross
Haddington, E., see Melrose
Hamilton, D., see Brandon
Headfort, M., see Kenlis
Kinnaird. E., see Rossie
Kinnoiil, E., see Hay
Leitrim, E., see Clements
-prs, who sit in Parliament under Er.g-
Titles, the following List is subjoined.
Limerick, E., see Foxford
Londonderry, M., «ee Vane
Lothian, M., see Ker
Meath, E., see Chaworth
Middleton, V., see Brodrick
Montrose, D., see Graham
Moray, E., see Stuart
Roden, E., see Clanbrassil
Roxburgh, D., see Innes
Shannon, E., see Carletou
Sligo, ^L, see Mounteagle
Staflford, M.. see Gower
Strangford, V., see Penhurst
Tavistock, M.,sec Howland
Waterford, M., see Tyrone.
1839.]
GREAT BHITMN,
239
House of Commons.
The House of Commons consists of knights, citizens, and burgesses,
respectively chosen by counties, cities, and boroughs. Important
changes were made in relation to the House of Commons by the Act of
Parliamentary Reform of 1832, an account of which may be seen in the
American Almanac for 1833.
The Septennial Act of 1715 extended the duration of Parliament to 7
years, unless dissolved by the King ; but it seldom happens that a Par-
liament sits out this period. The union of Ireland was carried into
effect January 1, 1801 ; and the Parliament which sat the same month,
and which included the members from Ireland, is styled the 1st Imperial
Parliament ; and the Parliament which assembled January 29, 1833, is
styled the 11th Imperial, or the 1st Reformed Parliament. The following
table exhibits the succession of Parliaments since the union with Ireland.
When assembled.
When dissolved.
Existed.
Y. M. D.
2d Imperial Parliament,
August 31, 1802
October
24, 1806
4 1 25
3d do. do.
Nov. 25, 1806
May
27, 1807
0 6 2
4th do. do.
Nov. 27, 1807
Sept.
29, 1812
4 10 2
5th do. do.
Nov. 24, 1812
June
10, 1818
5 6 16
6th do. do.
August 4, 1818
Febnaarj
29, 1820
1 6 25!
7th do. do.
April 23, 1820
June
2, 1826
6 19
8th do. do.
Nov. 14, 1826
July
24, 1830
4 1 22
9th do. do.
Oct. 26, 1830
April
22, 1831
0 5 27
10th do. do.
June 14, 1831
Dec.
3, 1832
0 5 20
nth Im. or 1st Ref Par.
Jan. 29, 1833
Dec.
30, 1834
2 0 25
12th do. 2d do.
Feb. 19, 1835
July,
17, 1837
1 4 26
13th do. 3d do.
Oct. 15, 1837
Distribution of the Members of the House of Commons.
ij, C 40 Counties, have
11.NGLAND, ^ ^g5 ^.j^jgg^ Boroughs, and Towns, have 327
Wales,
Scotland
Ireland,
'I
Total for England,
12 Counties, have ....
14 Districts of Boroughs, 1 each, have
Total for Wales ....
33 Counties, have . . . .
76 Cities and Boroughs, have .
Total for Scotland ....
32 Counties, 2 each, have
34 Cities and Towns, have
Total for Ireland, ....
Members.
144
327
Registered
Electors.
344,564
274,649
471
15
14
619,213
25,815
11,309
29
30
23
37,124
33,115
31,332
53
64
. 41
64,447
60,607
31,545
105 92,152
Total for the whole United Kingdom, 658
240
GREAT BRITAIN.
[1839
Alphabetical List of the House of Commons, in the order of places represented.
Being the thirteenth Parliament of the United Kingdom, and the second of Queen Victoria.
Assembled, October 15, 1837.
Rt. Hon. JAMES ABERCROMBY, Speaker.
Members.
Members.
1 Abingdon - -
2 Albans, St. - - -
3 Andover - - -
4 Angleseyshire
5 Arundel - - -
6 Ashburion - - -
7 Ashton-under-Lyne
8 Aylesbury - -
9 Banbury - - -
10 Barnstaple - -
11 Bassetlaw - - -
12 Bath - - - -
13 Beaumaris, &c. -
14 Bedfordshire
15 Bedford - - -
16 Berkshire -
17 Berwick-upon- f
Tweed \
18 Beverley - - -
19 Bewdley - - -
20 Birmingham - -
21 Blackburn, - -
22 Bodmin - . -
23 Bolton - • -
24 Boston - - . -
25 Bradford - -
26 Breconshire - -
27 Brer.on - . .
28 Bridjienorth - -
29 Bridgewater
30 Bridport - - -
31 Brighton - -
32 Bristol - - . .
33 Buckinghamshire
T. DufTield
Hon. E. Grimston
G. A. Muskett
R. Eiwall
Sir J. VV. Pollen
W. O. Stanley
Lord Fitzalan
C. Lushington
C. Hindley
W. Rickford
W. M. Praed
H. W. Tancred
J P. B. Chichester
F. Hodgson
Hon. A. Buncombe
G. H. Vernon
Lord Powerscourt
L. Bruges
Captain F. Paget
Lord C. J. F. Russell
Lord Alford
Captain Polhill
Samuel Crawley
R. Palmer
Lord Barrington
P. P. Pusey
R. Hodgson
W. Holmes
J. W. Hogg
G. L. Fox
Sir T. E. Winnington
T. Attwood
J. Scholefield
W. Turner
W. Fielden
Major Vivian
Sir S. Spry
P* Ainsworth
W. Boiling
Sir J. Duke
J. S. Brownrigg
E. C. Lister
VV. Bustield, Sen.
Col T. Wood
C. M. R. Morgan
T. C. Whitmore
H. H. Tracy
Robert Pigot
H. Broadwood
P. Courtenay
Henry VVarburton
S. Jervis
Captain Pechell
Sir A. Dalryniple
P. J. Miles
Hon. F. Berkeley
Marquis of Chandos
G. V. Harcourt
Sir W. L. Young
34 Buckingham
35 Bury - - - -
36 Bury St. Edmunds
37 Calne - - -
33 Cambridgeshire
39 Cambridge Uni- i
versity j
40 Cambridge - -
41 Canterbury - -
42 Cardiff, &c. - -
43 Cardiganshire -
44 Cardigan, &c.
45 Carlisle - - -
46 Carmarthenshire
47 Carmarthen - -
48 Carnarvonshire
49 Carnarvon, &c.
50 Chatham - - -
51 Cheltenham
52 Cheshire (North)
53 Cheshire (South)
54 Chester - - -
55 Chichester - -
56 Chippenham - -
57 Christchurch - -
158 Cirencester - -
i59 Clitheroe - . -
j60 Cuckermouth
lei Colchester - - -
I
I
62 Cornwall (East)
63 Cornwall (West)
64 Coventry - - -
65 Cricklade - - -
66 Cumberland (East)
67 Cumberland >
(West) i
68 Dartmouth - -
Sir T. Freemantle
Sir H. Verney
R. Walker
Lord Charles Fitzroy
Earl Jermyn
Earl of Shelburn
Captain E. T. Yorke
R. J. Eaton
R. G. Townley
H. Goulburn
Hon. C. E. Law
Right Hon. T. S. Rice
Professor Pryme
J. Bradshaw
Lord A. Conyngham
J. Nicholl
Col. W. E. Powell
P. Pryse
P. H. Howard
W. Marshall
Col. Rice Trevor
J. Jones
I). Morris
J. R. O. Gore
B. Hughes
Hon. Captain Byng
Captain Berkeley
W. T. Egerton
E. J. Stanley
Sir P. G. Egerton
G. Wilbraham
Lord R. Grosvenor
John Jervis
J. A. Smith
Lord Arthur Lennox
J. Neeld
H. G. Boldero
Sir George Rose
Jos. Cripps
Colonel Masters
J. Fort
H. A. Aglionby
Edward Horsman
R. Sanderson
Sir G. H. Smyth
Lord Eliot
Sir R. H. Vivian
E. W. W. PendarvMi
Sir C. Lemon
Edward Ellice
W. Williams
J. Neeld
A. Goddard
Major Aglionby
W. James
E. Stanley
S. Irton
Colonel Scale
1839.]
GREAT BRITAIN.
241
Members.
69 Denbighshire - -
70 Denbigh - - -
71 Derbyshire (North)
72 Derbyshire (South)
73 Derby . - - .
74 Devizes - -
75 Devonport - -
76 Devonshire(North)
77 Devonshire(South)
78 Dorchester - -
79 Dorsetshire - -
80 Dover - . - -
81 Droitwich - -
82 Dudley - - - -
83 Durham (North)
84 Durham (South) ■
85 Durham City - -
86 Essex (North) - ■
87 Essex (South) -
88 Evesham - -
89 Exeter - - - -
90 Eye - - - -
91 Finsbury - - -
92 Flintshire - -
93 Flint, &c. - - -
94 Frome - . -
95 Gateshead - - -
96 Glamorganshire
97 Gloucestershire <
(East) I
98 Gloucestershire J
(West) )
99 Gloucester - -
100 Grantham - -
101 Great Grimsby -
102 Greenwich
103 Guilford - - -
104 Halifax - - -
105 Hampshire <
(North) (
106 Hampshire '
(South) ;
107 Harwich - -
1108 Hastings
109 Haverfordwest
&c.
110 Helston - -
HI Herefordshire
112 Hereford -
113 Hertfordshire
114 Hertford -
115 Honiton -
116 Horsl.am -
117 Huddersfield
1118 Hull - - -
Sir W. W. Wynn ]
Hon. W. Bagot
W. Jones
Hon. G. H. Cavendish
W. Evans
Sir G. Crewe
F. Hurt
Edward Strutt
Hon. T. B. Ponsonby
Capt.J.W. D. Dundas
T. S. Estcourt
Sir E. Codrington
Sir G. Grey
Lord Ebrington
Sir T. Dyke Acland
Sir J. Y. BuUer
E. M. Parker
Hon. A. H. Cooper
R. Williams
Lord Ashley
Ih. C. Sturt
iHon. J. Strangways
I.E. Rice
Sir J. R. Reid
- J. S. Packiugton
IT. Hawkes
H. Lambton
Hon. H. T. Liddell
J. Pease, Jun.
J. Bowes
Hon. A. Trevor
W. C, Harland
Sir J. T. Tyrell
C. G. Round
T. W. Bramston
G. Palmer
G. Rushout Bowles
Lord Marcus Hill
Edward Divett i
SirW. W. Follett 1
Sir E. Kerrison
Thomas Wakley
Thomas S. Duncombe
Sir S. R. Glvnne
iW. D. Dundas
-|t. Sheppard \
C. Rippon j
Lord Adare
C. M. R. Talbot
Hon. A. H. Moreton
C. W. Codrington
Grantley Berkeley
R. B. Hale
H. T. Hope
J. Phillpotts
G. E. Welby
Hon. F. Tcllemache
E. Heneage
Wolverley Attwood
E. G. Barnard
C. B. Wall
J. Y. Scarlett
E. Protheroe
Charles Wood
Sir W. Heathcote
Charles Shaw Lefevre
J. W. Fleming
H. C. Compton
Captain Ellice {145 Liskeard
Rt. Hon. J. C. Herrieal
21
Members.
- - Hon J. Planta
R. Holland
119 Huntingdon-
I shire
1120 Huntingdon -
1
|121 Hythe - - - ■
122 Ipswich - -
ll23 Ives, St. - -
124 Kendal - -
|125 Kent (East) -
126 Kent (West) -
127 Kidderminster
|l28 King's Lynn
129 Knaresborough
130 Lambeth - -
131 Lancashire
(North)
132 Lancashire
(South)
138 Lancaster - -
134 Launceston -
135 Leeds - - -
136 Leicestershire
(North)
[ 137 Leicestershire
|| (South)
138 Leicester - -
139 Leominster -
140 Lewes - - -
jl41 Lichfield - -
jl42 Lincolnshire
I (Kesteven)
143 Lincolnshire
(Lindsey)
144 Lincoln - -
-9;
Sir R, Phillips
Lord Cantelupe
Sir R, Price
K. Hoakins
E. T. Foley
E. B. Clive
jH. Birr
Lord Grimston
A. Smith
R. Alston
-Hon. W. F. Cowper
Lord Mahon
Colonel Baillie
(J. Stewart
-R. H. Hurst
W. Stansfield
William Hutt
Sir W. James
E. Fellowes
G. Thoruhill
Colonel Peel
Sir F. Pollock
Lord Melgund
J. Gibson
H. Tufnell
William T. Praed
Wood
-ISirE. Knatchbull
J. P. Plumjitre
-Sir W. Geary
|t. L. HodgesJ
-|R. Godson
Lord G. Bentinck
Sir S. Canning
H. Rich
Hon. C. Langdale
Benjamin Hawes
C. T. D'Eyncourt
Lord Stanley
J. W. Patten
Lord F. Egerton
R. B. Wilbraham
T. Greene
G. R. Martin
Sir Henry Hardings
E. Baines
Sir Wm. Molesworth
Lord C. Manners
E. B. Farnham
H. Halford
C. W. Packe
T. Duckworth
J. Easthope
C. Greenaway
Lord Hoiham
Sir C. Blunt
Hon. H. Fitzroy
Sir G. Anson
Lord A. Paget
H. Handley
G. J. Heathcote
Lord Worsley
R. A. Christopher
Colonel Sibthorp
E. L. Bulwer
C. Buller
fm
GREAT BRITAIN.
[1839.t
Members.
Members.
146 Liverpool
147 London - - -
148 Ludlow - -
149 Lyme Regis - -
150 Lymingion - -
151 Macclesfield - -
152 Maidstone - -
153 Maldron - - -
154 Malmesbury
155 Maltou . - - -
156 Manchester - -
157 Marlborough - -
158 Marlow (Great)
159 Marylebone - -
160 Merionethshire -
161 Merihyr-Tydvil
162 Middlesex - - -
163 Midhurst - - -
164 Monmouthshire -
165 Monmouth - -
166 Montgomeryshire
167 Montgomery, «tc.
168 Morpeth - - •
169 Newark-upon- <
Trent )
170 Newcastle-un- (
der-Line (
171 Newcaatle-up- C
on-Tyne (
172 Newport, Isle (
of Wight i
173 Norfolk (East)
174 Norfolk (West)
175 Northallerton -
176 Northampton- C
shire (North) {
177 Northampton- C
shire (South) {
178 Northampton -
179 Norihiunber- C
land (North) \
180 Norlhumber- <
land (South) }
181 Norwich - - -
182 Nottinghamsh. C
(South East) \
183 Nottinghamsh. C
(North West) )
184 Nottingham - •
Lord Sandon
C. Cresswell
Alderman M. Wood
W. Crawford
J. Pattison
G. Grote
Colonel Salwey
Lord Clive
W. Pinney
W. A. Mackinnon
J. Stewart
J. Brocklehurst
T. Grimsditch
J. M. Fector
B. D'lsraeli
Quintin Dick
J. Round I
Lord Andover
Lord Milton
J. W. Childers I
C. Poiileit Thomson
Mark Phillips I
Lord E. Bruce
H. B. Baring
Sir W. Clavton
T. P. Williams
Lord Teignmouth
'sir Samuel Whalley
,R. Richards
J. J. Guest j
;G. Byng
T. Wood
Hon. Fred. Spencer
Lord G. Somerset
iW. A. Williams
!r. J. Blewitt
Rt. Hon.C. W.Wynn
Colonel J. Edwards
Viscount Leveson
Serjeant Wilde
W. E. Gladstone
W. H. Miller
S. De Horsey
W. Ord
J. H. Hinde
J. H. Hawkins
R. Blake
Edm. Wodehouse
H. N. Borroughes
W. Bagoe
W, L. Chute
W. B. Wrightson
T. P. Maunsell
Lord Maidstone
SirC. Knightley
W. R. Cartwright
R. V. Smith
R. Ciirrie
Viscount Howick
Lord Ossulston
M. Bell
C. Blackett
Marquis of Douro
Benjamin Smith
Earl of Lincoln
iL. Rolleston
'T. Houldsworth
H. G. Knight
Sir R. C. Ferguson
Sir John Hobhouse
185 Oldham -
186 Oxfordshire - -
187 Oxford University
188 Oxford City - -
189 Pembrokeshire -
190 Pembroke, &c.
191 Penryn - - - -
192 Peterborough -
193 Petersfield - ■
194 Plymouth - -
195 Pontefract - - -
196 Poole - - - -
197 Portsmouth - •
198 Preston - - -
199 Radnorshire - ■
200 Radnor, &c. - -
201 Reading - - ■
202 Reigate - - -
203 Richmond - - •
204 Ripon - - - -
205 Rochdale - - ■
206 Rochester - -
207 Rutlandshire -
208 Rye -
209 Salford -
210 Salisbury
211 Sandwich - - -
212 Scarborough
213 Shaftesbury - -
214 Shertield -" - -
215 Shoreham - - -
216 Shrewsbury - -
217 Shropshire f
(North) }
218 Shropshire J
(South) I
219 Somersetshire ?
(East) 3
220 Somersetshire 5
(West) I
221 Southampton -
222 South Shields -
223 Soulhwark -
224 Staffordshire <
(North) >
General Johnson
John Fielden
Lord Norreyg
G. G. Harcourt
T. A. W. Parker
T. G. B. Estcourt
^;i^ R. H. Inglis
D. Maclean
W. Erie
Sir J. Owen
Sir James Graham
Sir R. M. Rolfe
J. W. Freshfield
J. N. Fazakerley
Sir R. Heron
C. J. Hector
J. Collier
T. B. Bewes
R. M. Milnes
W. M. Stanley
C. Ponsonby
G. Phillips'
F. T. Baring
Sir G. T. Staunton
P. H. Fleetwood
R. T. Parker
W. Wilkins
Richfbrd Price
Serjeant Talfourd
C. F. Palmer
Lord Eastnor
Hon. T. Dundas
A. Speirs
Sir E. Sugden
F. Pemberton
J. Fenton
R. Benial
T. B. Hobhouse
Hon. Wm. M. Noel
Sir G. Heathcote
T. G. Mone> penny
J, Brotherion
W. B. Brodie
Wadham Wvndham
Sir T. Troubridge
Sir J. Carnac
Sir F. W. Trench
Sir C. Styles
G. B. Matthew
John Parker
H. G. Ward
H. D. Goring
Sir C. M. Burrell
R. Jenkins
R. A. Slaney
Sir R.Hill
W. O. Gore
Earl of Darlington
Hon. R.H. Clive
Colonel Langton
|W. Miles
T. D. Acland
\E. A. Sanford
,A. R. Dottin
I Lord Duncan
'Robert Ingham
jj. Humphery
D. W. Harvey
W.B. Baring
E. Buller
[839.]
GREAT BRITAIN.
243
Members.
225 Staffordshire
(South)
226 Stafford - - -
•207 Stamford - -
225 Stockport - - -
229 Stoke-upon-Trent
230 Stroud - - - -
231 Sudbury - - -
1232 Suffolk (East)
233 Suffolk (West)
j234 Sunderland - -
235 Surrey (East) - -
236 Surrey (West)
237 Sussex (East) - -
238 Sussex (West)
239 Swansea, &c. -
240 Tamworth - - -
241 Taunton - - -
242 Tavistock - -
243 Tewkesbury - ■
244 Thetford - - -
245 Thirsk - - - -
246 Tiverton - -
247 Totnes - - - -
248 Tower Hamlets ■
249 Truro - - - -
250 Tynemouth - ■
251 Wakefield - -
252 Wallingford - ■
253 Walsall - - .
254 Ware ii am - - •
255 Warrington - -
256 Warwickshire
(North)
257 Warwickshire
(South)
258 Warwick - -
259 Wells - - - -
260 Wenlock - -
261 Westbury
262 Westminster -
263 Westmoreland
264 Weymouth, &c.
Colonel Anson
Lord Ingestrie
Major Chetwynd
R. Farrand
Colonel T. Chaplin
Marquis of Granby
T. Marshind
H. Marsland
Alderman Copeland
J. Dav^npo^t
G. P. Scrope
Lord John Russell
Sir E. Barnes
Sir J. Hamilton
Lord Henniker
Sir C. B. Vere
H. Logan
Colonel Rushbrooke
Alderman Thompson
A. White
Captain Alsager
|H. Kemble
jW. J. Uenison
Captain Perceval
George Darby
Hon. C. C. Cavendish
Lord J. G. Lennoy
Earl of Surrey
J. H, Vivian
Rt. Hon. Sir R. Peel
Captain A'Court
Henry Labouchere
E. T."Bainbridge
Lord Russell
J. Rundle
W. Dowdeswell
J. Martin
Earl of Euston
F. Baring
S. Crompton
J. Heathcoat
Lord Palmerston
Lord Seymour
Jasper Parrott
William Clay
Dr. S. Lushington
E. Turner
J. E. Vivian
ISir Ch. E. Grev
JHon. W. S. Lascclles
iW. L. Blackstone
F. Finch
J. H. Calcrafl
J. I. Blackburne
VV. S. Dugdale
Sir J. E. Wilmot
Sir J. Mordaunt
E J. Shirley
W. C* llins
Sir C. Douglas
VV. G. Hayter
R. Blakemore
Hon. G. Forester
J. M. Gaskell
J. L Briscoe
J. Temple Leader
Colonel Evans
Lord Lowlher
Hon. H. C. Lowther
Lord Villiers
G. W. Hope
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
Whitby - - . -
Whitehaven - -
Wigan - - - -
Wight (Isle of)
Wilton . - - -
Wiltshire (North)
Wiltshire (South)
Winchester - -
Windsor - -
Wolverhampton
Woodstock -
Worcestershire
(East)
Worcestershire
(West)
Worcester - -
Wycombe - ■
Yarmouth - -
Yorkshire (East
Rid.)
Yorkshire (West
Rid.)
Yorkshire
(North Rid.)
York - - -
Members.
|A. Chapman
M. Attwood
C. Standish
Richard Potter
Capt. A'Court Holmes
E. Baker
Sir F. Burdett
Walter Long
J. Benctt
Hon. Sidney Herbert
J. B. East
;P. St. J. Mildmay
jJ. Ramsbottom
IR. Gordon
C. P. Villiers
It. Thornley
Marquis of Blanford
H. St. Paul
J. Barneby
Gen. H. B. Lygon
H. J. Winnington
E. H. Davies
J. Bailey
JHon. R. Smith
G. H. Dashwood
C. E. Rumbold
jW. Willsnere
R. Bethel
H. Broadley
Lord Morpeth
jSir G. Strickland
Hon. W. Duncombe
!E. S. Cay ley
J. H. Lowther
iHon. J. C. Dundas
Ireland.
285 Antrim County
286 Armagh County
287 Armagh - - -
i; 288 Athlone - -
' 289 Bandonbridge -
I 290 Belfast - - -
291 Carlow County
292 Carlow - - -
293 Carrickfergus
ij 294 Cashel - - -
ji 295 Cavan County
ii 29G Clare County -
, 297 Clonmel - -
j| 293 Coleraine - - -
299 Cork County -
300 Cork - - - -
301 Donegal County
302 Down County -
203 Downpatrick -
304 Drogheda - -
305 Dublin County
Hon. Gen. O'Neill
John Irvine
Viscount Acheson
Col. W, Verner
W. Curry
J. O'Connell
Sergeant Jackson
-|J. Tennent
George Dunbar
-IJ. A. Yates
IN. A. Vigors
IW. H. Maule
-P. Kirk
jS. Woulfe
- H. Maxwell
J. Young
IC. O'Brien
Major M'Namara
-In. Ball
IE. Litton
-I Garrett Stondish Barry
)E. B. Roche
|F. B. Beamish
iD. CaJlagban
-'Sir E. S. Hayes
Col. E. M. Conolly
iLord Castlereagh
Lord Hillsborough
-I). Ker
iSir W. Somerville
-Lord Brabazon
iG. Evans
244
GREAT BRITAIN.
[1839.
j Members.
1306 Dublin City - ID. O'Connell
I Ij. Hutton
|307 Dublin University F. Shaw
IT. Lcfroy
Members.
347 Wexford County J. Maher
308 Dundalk
300 Diiiigannon
310 Dungarvon
311 Knnis - -
313 Enniskillen
313 Fermanagh
314 Gal way County
315 Galway - -
316 Kerry County -
317 Kildare County
- T. Reddington
Lord Northland
- Flon. C. O'Callaghan
H. Bridgman
-Hon. A. H.Cole
I Viscount Cole
jM. Archdale
IT. Martin
J. J. Bodkin
-A. H. Lynch
jM. J. Blake
M. J. O'Connell
J. Blennerhassett
-'R. M, O'Farrall
iG. Archbokl
318 Kilkenny County ;Hon. P.Butler
G. Bryan
319 Kilkenny - - - Jos. liume
|320 King's County - jCol. J. C. Westenra
N. Fitzsimon
321 Kinsale - - - Col. H. Thomas
322 Leitrim County Lord Clements
S. While
323 Limerick County Colonel Fitzgibbon
,W. S. O'Brien
324 Limerick - - -:W. Roche
D. Roehe
Ca])tain Meynell
Sir R. Bateson
Captain T. Jones
Sir R. A. Ferguson
L. White
Colonel H. White
- R. M. Bel'.ew
,H. Chester
C. D. O. Jepbson
R. D. Browne
Sir W. Brabazon
Henry Grattan
Morgan O'Connell
333 Monaghan County' E. Lu?as
Hon. H. R. Westonra
325 Lisburiie - -
326 Londonderry Co.
327 Londonderry
328 Longford County
329 Louth County
330 Mallow - -
331 Mayo County ■
332 Meath - - -
334 Newry - . - -
33.5 New Ross - -
336 Poitarlington
337 Queen's County
338 Roscommon Co.
|339 Sligo County -
340 Sligo - - -
341 1 ipperary - -
342 Tralce - - -
1 343 Tyrone County -
1 344 Waterford County
1 345 Waterford - -
,346 Westmeath Co.
J. Ellis
J. FL Talbot
Col. G. L. D. Damar
Sir C. Cooto
R. Fitzpatrick
F. Ffrench
O'Connor Don
E. J. Cooper
Colonel Perceval
J. P. Somcrs
R. L. Shell
R. O. Cave
Maurice O'Connell
Lord Alexander
Hon. T. L. Corry
W. V. Stuart
J. Power
T. Wyse
H. W. Barron
Sir R. Nasle
M, L. Chapman
348 Wexford -
349 Wicklow County
350 Youghnll - - -
J. Power
C. A. Walker
Colonel Howard
J. Grattan
Hon. W. Howard
Scotland.
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
3.58
359
360
361
362
363
364
.'^65
366
l|367
368
369
370
371
372
373
Aberdeen County
Aberdeen - - -
Andrew's, St. -
Argyll County
Ayr County - -
Ayr, &c. - - -
Banff County -
Berwick County
Bute County - -
Caithness County
Clackmannan )
and Kinross j
Dumbaiton County
Dumfries County
Dumfries, &c. -
Dundee - - - -
Edinburgh County
Edinburgh • -
Elgin and Nairn
Elgin, &c. - -
Falkirk, &c.
Fife County - -
Forfar County -
Glasgow - . -
•374 Greenock - -
375 Haddington Co. -
376 Haddington, &c.
377 Inverness County
378 Inverness, &c. -
379 Kilmarnock &c.
380 Kincardine Co. -
381 Kirkaldy, &c. -
382 Kirkcudbright -
383 Lanark County
,384 Leith, &c. - -
[385 Linlithgow Co. -
[386 iMontrose, &c. -
,387 Orkney & Shetland
388 Paisley . - - -'
"389 Peebles County
390 P.'rth County -
391 Perth - - . -
392 Renfrew County
393 Ross & Cromarty
394 Roxburgh County
|395 Selkirk County -
396 Stirling County
397 Stirling, &c. -
398 Suthnrland Co. -
.399 Wick, &c. - -
400 Wigtown County
401 Wigtown, &.C. -
Captain Gordon
A. Bannerman
E. Ellice, Jun,
W. F. Campbell
J. Dunlop
Lord James Stuart
General DufF
Sir H. P. Campbell
Sir W. Rae
Sir G. Sinclair
Admiral Adam
Sir J. Colquhoun
J. J. H. Johnstone
General Sharpo
Sir H. Parnell
W. Gibson Craig
Rt.Hon. J. Abercromby
Sir J. Campbell
Hon. Fox Mau!e
Sir A. L. Hay
W. D. Gillon
Captain J. Wemyss
Lord D. G.Hallyburton
Lord W. Bentinck
J. D<nnistoun
R. Wallace
Sir T. B. Hepburn
R. Stewart
A. W. Chisholm
R. Macleod
J. C. Colquhoun
Flon. H. Arbuthnot
Robert Ferguson
Rt. Hon. R. Fergusson
M. Lockhart
J. A. Murray
Hon. J. Hope
P. Chalmers
F. Dundas
\. Hastie
T. Mackenzie
Lord Stormont
Hon. A. Kinnaird
r. Houston
A- S. Mackenzie
Hon. J, E. Elliot
A. Pringle
W. Forbes
Lord Dalmeny
Hon. W. Howard
J. Loch
C. Blair
J. M'Taggart
1839.]
GREAT BRITAIN.
Q45
Alphabetical List of the Uoiise of Commons.
»•• The Numbers refer to the Places in the preceding List.
Abercromby, Right
Hon J. 367
Acheson, Visct. 286
Acland, Sir T. D. 76
Aclanci, T. D. 220
A'Court, Capt. 240
Adam, Admiral, 361
Adare, Lord, 96
Aglioiiby, H, A. 60|
Aglionby, Major, 66;
Ainsworlh, P. 23
Alexander, Lord, 343
Aiford, Lord, 14|
Alsager, Captain, 235;
Alslfon, R. 113'
Andover, Lord, 154|
Anson, SirG. 141
Anson, Colonel, 22;)
Arbuthnot, Hon. H. 380
Archbold, G. 317
Archdale, M. 313
Astley, Lord, 79
Altwood, W. 102
Attwood, T. 20
Attwood, M. 266
Baggo, W. 174
Bagot, Hon. W. 69
Bailey, J. 278
Baillie, Colonel 115
Bainbridge, E. T. 241
Baines, E. 135
Baker, E. 269
Ball, N. 297
Bannerman, A. 352
Baring, H. B. 157
Baring, F. T. 197
Baring, F. 244
Baring, W.B. 224
Barnard, E. G. 102
Barneby, J. 276
Barnes, Sir E. 231
Barrington, Lord, 16
Barron, H. W. 345
Barry, G. S. 299
Bateson, Sir R. 326
Beamish, F. B. 300
Bell, M. 180
Bellow, R. M. 329
BenettjJ. 27lj
Bentinck, Lord G. 128
Bentinck, Lord W. 373'
Berkeley, Hon.C.F. 51i
Berkeley, Hon. G. 98
Berkeley, Hon.F.H. 32
Bernal, R.
Bethel, R.
Bewes, T. B.
Birr, H.
Blackburne, J. I.
Blackeit, C.
206
231
194
112
255
180
Blackstone, W. S. 252
Blair, G. 400
Blake, R. 172
Blake, M, J. 315
Blakemore, A. 259
Blanford, M. of, 275
Blennerhassetl, J. 316
Blewiit, R. J
Blunt, Sir C. R.
Bodkin, J. J.
Boldero, H. G.
Boiling, W.
Bowes, J.
Bowles, G. R.
Brabazon, Lord,
Brabazon, Sir W.
Bradshaw, J.
Bramston, T. W.
Bridgman, H.
Briscoe, J. I.
Broadley, R.
Broad wood, H.
Brocklehurst, J.
Brodie, VV. B.
Browne, R. D.
Brownrigg, J. S.
Brotherton, J.
Bruce, Lord E.
Bruges, L.
Bryan, G.
Buller, Sir J. Y.
Buller, C.
Buller, E.
Bulwer, E. L.
Burdett, Sir F.
Buriell, Sir C. M.
Burroughes, H. N.
Busfield, \V., Sen.
Butler, Hon. P.
Byng, G.
Byng, Captain
Calcraft, G.
Callaghan, D.
Campbell, W. F.
Campbell, Sir. H.P
Campbell, Sir J.
Canning, Sir S.
Cantelupe, Lord
Carnac, Sir J.
Cartwright, W. R.
Casilereagh, Lord,
Cave, R. O.
Cavendish, Hon. C.
C.
Cavendish, Hon. G,
H,
Cayley, E. S.
Chalmers, P.
Chandos, Marq. of,
Chaplin,Colonel 'J'.
Chapman A.
Chapman, M. L.
Chester, R.
Chetwynd, Major,
Chichester, J. P.
Childers, J. VV.
Chisholm, A.
Christopher, R. A.
Chute, W. L.
tClay, W.
jClayton, Sir W.
ICloments, Lord
IClive, E. B.
^Clive, Lord,
165 Clive, Hon. R. H.
14U Codrington, Sir E.
314 Codrington, C. W.
56 Cole, Hon. A. H.
23 Colo, Viscount,
84!Collier, J.
88lColiin8, VV.
305 Colquhoun, Sir J.
331 Colquhoun, C.
4J|Compton, H.
87 Conolly, Col. E. M
311 "
261
281
29
151
210
331
24
209
157
12
318
77
115
224
144
270
215
Conyngham Ld. A.
Cooper, Hon. A.
Cooper, E. J,
Coote, Sir C.
Copeland, Aid.
Corry, Hon. H. T.
L.
Courtenay, P.
Cowper,Hon. W.
F.
Craig, VV. G.
Crawford, VV.
Crawley, Samuel
Cress well, (X
Crewe, Sir U.
Cripps, J.
Crompton, S.
Currie, R,
173Curry, VV.
25 Dalmeny, Lord,
318 Dalrymple, Sir A.
162 Darner, Colonel
50 Darby, G.
254 Darlington, Earl of,
300 Dashwood, G. H.
354 Davenport, J.
.358 Davies, E. H.
367 Denison, W. J.
128 Dennistoun, J.
liO|D'Eyncourt, C. T.
2111Dick, Q.
177 p'Israeli, B.
301 Divett, E
343
29
114
366
341
Dottin, A. R.
Douglas, Sir C.
237 Douro, Marq. of
Dowdeswell, VV.
71 Duckworth, T.
283 Duff, J.
386Duffield, T.
33'Dugdale, V\^ S.
227 Duke, Sir J.
265 Dunbar, George,
316' Duncan, Lord
329 Duncomhe, Hon. A
226{Duncombe, T.
10 Duncombe,Hon.VV
]55 Dundas, Captain
377 Dundas, W. D.
143 Dundas, F.
174 Dundas, Hon. T,
248| Dundas, Hon. J. C
158 Dunlop, J.
322 East, J. B.
112,Easthope, J.
148|Eastuor, Lord,
218 Eaton, R. J. 38
75 Ebimgton, Lord, 76
97 Edwards, Colonel, 167
312 Egerlon, Sir P. G. 53
313 l-.gorton, VV. T. 52
194 Egcrton, Lord F. 132
258 Eliot, Lord, 62
362 Ellice, E. 64
379 Ellice, Captain, 107
106 Ellice, E., Jun. 353
.301 Elliot, Hon. J.E. 394
41 Ellis, J. 334
78 Erie, W. 188
339 Estcourt. T. H. 74
337 Esicoutt,' T. G. B. 18i
229 Etwall, R. 3
Euston, Earl of, 244
Evans, VV. 71
Evans, G. 305
Evans, Colonel, 262
Farnham, E. B. 136
Farrand, B. 226
147lFazakerley, J, N. 192
islFecior, J. M. 159
l46iFeililen, VV. 21
72 Fellowes, E. 119
58'Fcnton, J. 205
245!Ferguson, R. 381
178 Ferguson, Sir R.A.327
287 Ferguson, Sir R.C. 184
397 Fergusson, Rt.Hoo.
31 R. C. 382
336 Ffrench, F. 338
237 I ielden, J. 185
218 Finch, F. 253
279 Filzalan, Lord, 5
229 Fitzgibbon, Col. 323
278 Fitzpatrick, R. 337
236 Fitzroy, Lord C. 36
373 Fitzroy, Hon. H. 140
13U Fitzsimon, N. 320
ISs'Fleetwood, P. H. 198
152 Fleming, J. VV. 106
89 Folley, E. T. Ill
221 Follett, Sir VV. VV. 69
258 Forbes, VV. 396
181 ; Forester, Hon. G.
243 C. VV. 260
138 Fort, J. 59
357 Fox, G. L. 18
1 Fremantle, Sir T. 34
256 Freshfield, J. VV. 191
24 Gaskell, M. 260
290 Geary, Sir VV. 126
221 Gibson, J. 122
, 11 Gillon, VV. D. 370
91 Gladstone, VV. E, 169
,283 Glynne, Sir tf. R. 92
74 Goddard A. 65
93 Godson, K. 127
387 Gordon^Hon. Capt.
203 VV. 351
284 Gordon, R. 273
355 Gore, J. R. O. 48
272 Gore, VV. O. 217
133 Goring, H. D. 215
202Goulburn,Rt.Hn.H. 39
246
GREAT BRITAIN.
[1839.
1 Gruham, Sir James 190lHowick, Lord,
Grnnby, Marquis of,2-27'Hughes, B.
' Gratlan, J. 349^ Hume, Joseph,
Graltan, H
Greenaway, C.
Greene, T.
Grey, Sir. Ch. E.
Grey, Sir G.
Grimsditch, T.
Griiiijton, Lord,
Griniston, Hon. E.
H.
Grosvenor, Ld. R.
Grote, G.
Guest, J. J.
Hale, R. B.
Haltord, H.
Hallyburton, Lord
D. G.
Hamilton, Sir J.
Handley, H.
Haicourt, G. V.
Harcourt, G. B.
Hardinge, Sir H.
Harland, W. C.
Harvey, U. W.
Hastie, A.
Hawes, B.
Hawkc3,T.
Hawkins, J, H.
Hay, Sir A. L.
Hayes, Sir E. S.
Hayter, VV. G.
Heatiicoat, J.
Heatlicote, Sir W.
Hcathcote, G.J.
Heathcote, Sir G.
Hector C. J.
Henenge, E.
Henniker, Lord,
332lHumphery, J.
139|Hurst, R. H.
133 Hutt, F.
aSOtlutt, William,
TSIIutlon, J.
l79|Maher, J. 347 Fatiison, J.
49|Mahon, Lord, 114 Paul, St. H.
319lMaidstone, Lord 176 Pease, J., Jun.
223iManners, Lord, C. 136 Pechell, Captain,
151
113
2
54
147
161
98
137
37-2
231
142
33
186
134
85
223
388
130
82
172
369
301
259
246
105
142
20
193
101
232
higestrie. Lord,
Ingham, R.
Inglis.SirR. H.
Irton, S.
Irvine, J.
Jackson, J. D.
Jamea, VV.
James, Sir W.
Jenkins, R.
Jephson, C. D. O.
Jermyn, Earl,
Jorvis, S.
Jervis, J.
Johnson, General
Johnstone, J. J. H
Jones, J.
Jones, VV.
Jones, Captain T.
Kcmble, H.
Ker, D.
Kerrison, SirE.
Kinnaird, Hon. A.
Kirk, P.
1 16^ Marshall, W.
72IMarsland, T.
llSJMarsland, H.
306 Martin, T.
22.r Martin, G. R.
222 Martin, J.
187 Masters, Colonel,
67 Mathew, G. B
147
276
84
31
120
45 Peel, Colonel, J
228 Peel, Rt.Hon.Sir R.240
228 Pembctton, F. 204
314 Pendarves, E. W. 63
133 Perceval, Captain, 236
243 Perceval, Lt.-Col. 339
58 Philips, M. 156
213 Phillips, Sir R
285 Maule,Hon. Fox, 368 Phillips, G
289 Maule, W. H
66 Maunsell, T.
118 Maxwell, H.
216 Melgund, Lord,
330 Meynell, Copt. H
292 Phillpotts,J.
176 Pinney, W.
295 Planta, Hon. J.
121 Plumptre, J. P.
325 Polhill, Captain
36 Mildmay, P. St. J. 272 Pollen, Sir J. VV.
30 Miles, P. J.
54 Miles, W.
185;Miller, W. H.
363 Milnes, R. M.
46[Milton, Lord,
70 Molesworth, Sir
326! VV.
32 Pollock, Sir F.
109
196
99
149
108
125
15
3
120
219iPonsonby, Hon.J.G. 73
170 Ponsonby, C. 196
195 Potter, R. 267
155 Powell, Col. W. 43
Power, J. 344
]35;Power, J. 347
235 Moneypenny,T. G. 208,Powerscourt, Lord, 12
303:Mordaunt, Sir J.
90 Moreton, Hon. A.
391 H.
293 Morgan, C. M. R.
Knatchbull,Sir E. 125 [Morpeth, Lord,
Knight, H. G
Knightley, Sir C.
Labouchere, H,
Lambton, H.
Langdale, Hon. C
Hepburn, Sir T. B. 375
Herbert, Hon
Heron, Sir R.
Herries, Rt. Hon
J.C.
Hill, Lord M.
Hill, Sir. R.
Hillsborough
Hinde,J. H.
Hindloy, C.
Hobhouse, Sir J.
Hobhousp, T. B.
Hodges, T. L.
Hodgson, F.
Hodgson, R.
Hogg, J. VV-
Hollond, R.
Holmes, VV.
Holmes, A'Court
Hope, n. T.
Hope, Hon. J.
Hope, (;. VV.
Horsey, S. de
Horsnian, E.
Hoskins, K.
Hntli!ini, Lord,
Houldsworth, T.
Houston, T.
Howard, P. H.
271
192
107
86
217
J>ord,302
183, Morris, D.
177 Murray, J. A.
241 Muskett, G. A.
83Nagle, Sir R.
129Neeld, J.
Langton, Col. W.G.219 Neeld, J.
Lascelles, Hon.W,
S.
Law, Hon. C. E.
Leader, J. T.
Lefevre, C. S,
Lefroy, T.
Lemon, Sir C.
Lennox, Lord A.
Lennox, Lord J. G.
Leve?on,Lord,
]71jLiddell, Hon, H.T
7 Lincoln, Earl of
184 Lister, E. C.
206 Litton, E.
126 Loch, J.
10:Lockliart, M.
nlLogan, H.
18 Long, VV.
108 Lowther, Lord,
17 Lowther, Hon. H.
268 C.
99 Lowther, J. H.
385 Lucas, E.
2G4!Lushington, C.
170;Lu?hington, Dr. C.
Nicholl, J.
25l|Noel, Hon. VV. M.
39iNorreys, Lord,
262 Northland, Lord,
105 O'Brien, C.
307 O'Brien, VV. S.
63 0'Calliighan, Hon
55 C.
238 O'Connell, John,
168 O'Connell, D.
. 83 O'Connell, M. J.
182 O'Connell, Mau.
25 O'Connell, Morg.
298 O'Connor Don,
399 O'Ferrall, R. M.
383 O'iNeill, General,
233 Ord, VV.
270 Ossulston, Lord,
263'Owen, Sir J.
IPacke, C. W.
263 Paget, Captain F.
284 Paget, Lord A.
333
6
248
60:Lygon,'Cor. H. B. 277
315
389
393
, 150
188
378
296
401
lIlLvnch, A. H.
139 Mackenzie, T.
183 Mackenzie, A. S
392 Mackinnon, V\^ .
, 45. Maclean, D.
Howard, Hon. W. 398 Macleod, R.
Howard, Colonel, 349|M'Namara, Mai.
Howard, Hon. W. 350|M'Taggart, J,
Packingion
Palmer, R.
Palmer, G.
Palmer, C. F
J. S.
257iPoyntz, VV,
Praed, VV, M.
97 Praed, VV. T.
27|Price, Sir R.
282; Price, R.
47 Pringle, A.
384,Protheroe, E,
2 Pry me, G.
346'Pryse, P.
56 Pusey, P. P.
65|Rae, SirW.
42 Ramsbottom, J.
207!Reddington, T.
186 Reid, Sir J. R.
309 Rice, Rt. Hon. T.
296 Rice, E.
323!Rich, H.
jRichards, R.
310Rickrord,VV,
288Rippon,C.
306 Roche, D.
316 Roche, W.
342 Roche, E. B.
332Rolfe, Sir R. 31.
338 Rolleston, L.
317 Rose, Sir G.
285 Round, C. G.
171 Round, J.
79 Rumbold, C. E.
189 Rundle, J.
137 Rushbrooke, Col.
13 Russell, Lord, C.F
141 Russell, Lord J.
8liRussell, Lord,
16 Sanderson, R.
87|Sandon, Lord,
20]|Sanford, E. A.
Palmerston, Lord, 246 Salwey, Colonel,
Parker, M.
Parker, R. T.
Parker. J.
Parker, T. A. W.
Parnell, Sir H.
Parrott, J.
Patten, J. W.
77 Scarlett, J. Y.
198 Scholefield, J.
214Scrope,G. P.
186 Scale, Col. J. H.
365 Seymour, Lord,
247 Sliarpe, General
131 Shaw, F.
163
8
123
111
200
395
104
40
44
16
359
273
30S
80
40
80
129
160
ft-
324
324!
2991
191
182
57
8'i
15o
28(i
242
23y
. Jl
23i)
24J
(!!
14t
22u
14b
103
20
230
Ct
247 I
364 1
307
1639.]
GREAT BRITAIN.
247
Sheil, R. L.
Shelburn, Earl of,
Sheppurd, T.
Shirley, E. J.
Siblhorp, Col. CD.
Sinclair, Sir G.
Slaney, R. A.
Smith, J. A.
Smith, A.
Smith, Benjamin,
Smith, R. V.
Smith, Hon. R.
Smyth, Sir G. H.
Somers, J. P.
Somerset, Lord G,
C. H.
Somervillo, Sir W.
Speirs, A.
Spencer, Hon. F.
Spry, Sir S. T.
Siandish, C.
Stanley, VV.
Stanley, E. J.
Stanley, E.
Stanley, Lord,
Stanley, VV. AJ.
Slanslield, W.
Staunton, Sir G. T.
Stewart, R.
Stewart, J.
Stewart, J.
Stormont, Lord,
341 Strangways, Hon,
37 J. C. JF. 79
94 Strickland, Sir G. 262
257 Strutt, E. 73
144 .>iuart. Lord J. 35b
3G0 Stuurt, W. V. 344
216 tfturt, H. C. 79
55 Styles, Sir C. 212
113 Sugden, Sir E. 204
181 Suney, Earl of, 238
178 Talbot, C. R. 9b
279 Talbot, J. H. 335
61 Talfourd, Serjeant, 201
31U Tancred, U. \V. 9
.Tennent, J. E. 290
164 Thomas, Col. H. 321
304 Thompson, Aid. 234
203 Thomson, Right
163 Hon.C, P. 156
22 Thornley, T. 274
267 Thornhiil, G. 119
4 Tollemache, Hon.
52' F. 100
67 Townley, R. G, 38
131 Tracy, H. H. 28
195 Trench, Sir F. VV. 212
ll7Trevor,Hon.G.R.R. 4b
197 Trevor, Hon. A. 85
376 Troubridge, Sir T. 211
115Tufnell, H, 122
150 Turner, VV. 21
390' Turner, E. 249
Tyrell, Sir J. T. 86
Vere, SirC.B. 232
Verner, Col. VV. 286
Verney, Sir U. 34
Vernon, G. H. 11
Viijors,iN. A. 291
Viihers, Lord, ^264
Villiers, C. P. 274
Vivian, Major C. 22
Vivian, Sir R. H. 62
Vivian, J. H. 239
Vivian, J. E. 249
VVakley, T. 91
Walker, R. 35
Walker, C. A. 348
Wall, C. B. 103
Wallace, R. 374
Warburton, H. 30
Ward, H. G. 214
Welby, G. E. 100
Wemyss, Captain J.371
VVestenra, Hon. H.
T> 333
VVestenra,Col.J.C.320
Whalley, Sir S. 159
White, S. 322
White, A. 234
VVhite, Col. 328
White, L. 328
Whit.iiore, T. O. 28
Wilbraham, Hon.
R. B. 1321
Wilbraham, G. 53
Wilde, Serjeant, 169
Wilkins, W. 199
VVilliain3, VV. 164
Williams, R. 78
WiUiiims, W. 64
Williams, T. P. 158
Willshere, VV. 280
Wilmot, Sir J. E. 256
Winiiington, Sir T.
E. 19
VVinnington, H. J. 277
VV'odchouse, E. 175
VV'ood, Alderman, 14?
Wood, C. 104
Wood, G. 124
Wood, Colonel T. 26
Wood, Caiiiain T. 162
Worsley, Lord 143
Woulfe, S. 294
Wrightson, W. 175
VVyndham, VV. 210
Wynn, Sir VV. VV. 69
Wynn, Right Hon.
C. VV. 166
VVyse, T. 345
Vate8,J. A. 291
Yorke, Capt. E. T. 38
Young, Sir VV. L. 33
Young, J. 295
Extent and Population of the British Possessions in India.
[From Hamilton's Gazetteer, 2d edition.]
British square
Miles.
Bengal, Bahar, and Benares ......
Additions in Hindostan since A. D. 1765 . _ .
Gurwal, Kumoon, and the tract between the Sululeje and
Jumna -.-..-----
Total under the Bengal Presidency - - -
Under the Madras presidency ......
Under the Bombay presidency _ . - . -
Territories in the Ueccan, &c., acquired since 1815, consist-
ing of the Peishwa's dominions, <kc., and since mostly at-
tached to the Bombay presidency . . - - .
Total under the British Government
British Allies and Tributaries.
The Nizam ----
The Nagpoor Raja
The King of Oude -
The Guicowar ---------
Kotah, 6,500; Booudee, 2,500; Bopaul, 5,000
The Mysore Raja
|The Satara Raja ---------
iTravancore, 6,000; Cochin, 2,000 ' " ' ' *
I Under the Rajas of Jondpour, Jeypoor, Odeypoor, Bicancere,
I Jesselmere. and other Rajpoot chiefs, Holcar, Ameer Khan,
I the Row of Cutch, Bhurtpoor, Macherry, and numerous
other petty chiefs, Seikes, Gonds, Bheels, Coolies, and Cat-
ties, all comprehended within the line of British protection ;
162,000
148,000
18,000
328,000
154,000
11,000
600,000
Population.
283,000
Total under the British Government and its Allies \ 1,103,000
39,000,000
18,0iX),000
500,000
57,500,000
15,000,000
2,500,000
8,000,000
553,000
83,000,000
96,000
10,000,000
70,000
3,000,000
20,000
3,000,000
18,000
2.000 000
14,000
1,500,000
27,000
3.000,000
14,000
1,500,000
8,000
1,000,000
15,000,000
123,000,000
248
GREAT BRITAIN.
[1839.
Statistical Table.
Sq. Miles.
Population in
1831.
Registered
Electors.
M. P.
471
29
53
105
One
Elector
to Pop.
One M. P. 1
to Pop. j
England,
Wales,
Scotland,
Ireland,
Total,
Army, ^
50,210
8,125
29,787
31,202
13,089,338
805,236
2,365,807
7,784,536
619,213
37,124
64,447
92,152
21
24
38
84
27,790 '
27,042 1
44,634 i
74,138
119,324
avy, &c..
24,044,917
277,017
812,936
658
29
36,648
i
T
otal,
24,321,934
■
Number of Congregations of Dissenters in England,
As stated in the Evangelical Almanac for 1837.
Congregationalists, 1,840
Calvinistic Methodists,
607
Baptists, .... 1,317
Other Methodists,
. 666
Orthodox Presbyterians, 60
Unitarians,
197
Wesleyan Methodists, . 2,818
Quakers,
. 396
Total,
. 7,901
Home Missionary and other stations, ....
453
Total, .
. 8,354
Population of Ireland, classed according to Religion.
1
Established
Provinces. Church.
1
Catholics.
Presbyte-
rians.
Other
Protest-
ants.
Total. . i
Armagh, ' 517,722
Dublin, i 177,930
Cashel, 1 111,813
Tuam, i 44,599
1,9.55,123
1,063,681
2,220,340
1,188,568
638,073
2,517
9C6
800
15,823
3,162
2,454
369
3,126,741
1,247,290 ;
2,335,573 '
1,234,336 i
Total, 1 852,064 j 6,427,712
642,356
21,808
7,943,940 ;
Education in Ireland.
Education in England in 1833.
Daily Schools. Scholars.!
Armagh, 1835, 4,482 276,441 Infant Schools, 2,9^5; Pupils, 89,005
94,471 Daily do. 35,986 j do. 1,187,944
139,080 Sunday do. 16,828 j do. 1,548,890
73,421
Dublm,
Cashel, "
Tuam, "
1,612
2,322
1,241
Total, 9,657 583,413
1839.] GREAT BRITAIN. 249
Mercantile Navy of Great Britain in 1830 & 1836.
CouDtrics.
Vessels.
1
Tons.
Men.
England, ....
Scotland, ....
Ireland, ....
Guernsey and Jersey,
Man,
Colonies, ....
Total, in 1830, .
United Kingdom,
Colonies, ....
i Tutal, in 1836,
12,198
2,155
1,003
130
238
2,161
17,885
24,280
3,570
1,466,632
161,511
54,262
10,647
5,463
157,364
1,855,879
2,553,684
215,878
105,037
13,883
5,057
1,412
1,285
12,047
138,721
166,583
15,059
27,850
2,769,562
181,642
JSvmber of Vessels, Tonnage, and Seamen, belonging to the Principal
Ports, in 1832.
1
Eni;lish Ports. ;
1
!
Vessels.
Tons.
Men.
English Ports.
Ves-
sels.
Tons.
Men.
2,089
London,
2,669
565,174
32,786
Whitby,
258
41,347
Newcastle,
1,077
220,784
10,267
Scarborough,
168
27,734
1,413
Liverpool,
853
166,028
9,329 Plymouthr
336
27,524
1,668
Sunderland,
727
129,082
5,718 Dartmouth,
277
26,389
1,737
Whitehaven,
475
69,013
3,6721 Beaumaris,
401
22,856
1,523
Hull,
557
68,892
4,348
Poole,
160
16,775
1,022
Bristol,
296
46,567
2,460
Lynn,
122
16,404
741
Yarmouth,
576
43,509
3,232
Exeter,
192
16,169
912
Scotch Ports.
Irish Ports.
Aberdeen,
355
41,671
3.026'
Belfast,
255
25,151
1,526
Glasgow,
241
41,533
3,253
Dublin,
299
22.972
2,172
Dundee and
Cork,
275
18,019
1,465
' Perth,
' 349
37,990
2.619
Waterford,
106
11,455
688
Greenock,
367
37,791
2,553
Newry & Strang-
Leith,
246
25,629
1 ,942
ford.
148
7,283
629
Number and Tonnage of Steam- Vessels, in 1830 and 1836.
England, in 1830,
Scotland, «'
Ireland, "
Total,
Vessels.
203
61
31
295
Tonnage.
19,085
5,687
5,491
30,263
in 1836,
Vessels.
383
95
71
454
Tonnage.
34,314
11,588
13,460
59,362
The Kavy of Great Britain, in 1814, consisted of 1,022 ships, of which
250 were ships of the line; manned by 140,000 seamen and marines.
250 GREAT BRITAIN. [1839.
Judiciary.
High Court of Chancery. — Lord Cottenham, Lord High Chancellor ;
salary, £14,000: — Lord Langdale, Master of the Rolls, £7,000 : — Sir
Launcelot Shadwell, Vice- Chancellor, £6,000.
Court of the Queen's Bench. — Lord Denman, Lord Chief Justice ;
£ 10,000 : — Sir Joseph Littledale, Sir J. Patteson, Sir J. Williams, and
Sir J. T. Coleridge, Judges, £5,500 each.
Court of Common Pleas. — Sir N. C. Tindal. Lord Chief Justice,
£8,000: — Sir James Allen Park, Sir John B. Bosanquet, Sir John
Vaughan, and Sir Th. Coltman, Judges, £5,500 each.
Court of Exchequer. — Lord Abinger, Lord Chief Barun, £7,000 : —
Sir Wm. Bolland, Sir J. Gurney, Sir James Parke, and Sir E. H. AI-
derson, Barons, £5,500 each.
Court of Mmiralty. — Sir John Nicholl, Judge, £ 2,402 : — Sir John
Dodson, Queen s Advocate- general : — Dr. Philliraore, Admiralty Advo-
cate.
Scotland.
Court of Session. — 1st Division. Charles Hope, Lord President,
£4,300; — Adam Gillies, Lord Gillies; J. H. Mackenzie, Lord Mac-
kenzie ; George Cranstoun, Lord Corehouse, Judges, £ 2,000 each.
2d Division. — Dsivid Boyle, Lord Justice Clerk, £4,000: — Sir
William Miller, Lord Glenlee; Alexander Maconochie, Lord Meadow-
bank; J. H. Forbes, Lord Medwyn, Judges, £2,000 each. — Those of
the Judges who are also Judges of the Justiciary or Criminal Court,
have each an additional £600 a year.
Ireland.
Court of Chancery. — Lord Plunket, Lord Chancellor, £ 8,000 : —
Michael O'Loghlen, Master of the Rolls, £4,500.
Court of the Queens Bench. — Charles K. Bushe, Lord Chief Justice,
£5,076. Charles Burton, P. C. Crarapton, Louis Perrin, Judges,
£ 3,692 each.
Court of Common Pleas. — John Doherty, Lord Chief Justice, £4,615.
Arthur Moore, William Johnson, and Robert Torrens, Judges, £ 3,692
each.
1839.]
GREAT BRITAIN.
251
Archbishops and Bishops of England.
Province of Canterbury.
c
Archbishops.
Dioceses.
Net
Propos'd
No.
Bene-
Gross
O
1813
Income.
Income.
fices.
346
Income.
Wm. Howley,D. D., Primate,
Canterbury,
£19.182
£15,000
£129,946
Bishops.
1824
Charles J. Blomfield, D. D.
London,
13,929
10,000
640
267,662
1826
Charles Sumner, D. D.
Winchester,
11,151
7,000
419
153,995
1812
George Henry Law, D. D.
Bath and Wells,
5,946
5,000
430
120,310
1816
Herbert Marsh, D. D.
Peterborough,
3,103
293
98,381
1820
John Kaye, D. D.
Lincoln,
4,542
1,251
373,976
1820
William Carey, B. D.
St. Asaph,
6,301
143
42,592
1824
Robert James Carr, D. D.
Worcester,
6,569
5,000
223
73,255
1824
Christopher Bethell, D. D.
Bangor,
4,464
123
35,064
1825
J. Banks Jenkinson, D. D.
St. David's,
1,897
409
60,653
1827
George Murray, D. D.
Rochester,
1,459
94
44,565
1828
Edward Copleston, D. D.
Llandaff,
924
192
36,347
1829
Richard Bagot, D. D.
Oxford,
2,648
196
51,895
1830
John Henry Monk, D. D.
Glouces. & Bristol,
4,633
536
158,608
1830
Henry Phillpotts, D. D.
Exeter,
2,719
613
194,181
1834
Joseph Allen, U. D.
Ely,
11,105
5,500
150
56,495
1836
Samuel Butler, D. D,
Lichfield and Cov.
3,923
610
170,104
1836
William Otter, D. D,
Chichester,
4,229
267
82,673
1837
Edward Denison, D. D.
Salisbury,
3,939
397
134.255
1837
Edward Stanley, D. D.
Norwich,
5,395
1,026
331,750
1837 iThomas Musgrave, D. D.
P
Hereford,
rovincc of York.
2,576
321
93,552
Archbishop.
1791
Edward Harcourt, D. C. L.
Bishops.
York,
12,629
10,000
891
223,220
1831
Edward Maltby, D. D.
Durham,
19,066
8,000
192
74,557
1827
Hugh Percy, D. D.
Carlisle,
2,213
124
22,487
1828
John Bird Sumner, D. D.
Chester,
3,261
630
120,310
1836
Charles Th, Longley, D. D.
Ripon,
1827
Sodor and Man,
23
3,727
The Bishops of Durham, London, and Winchester, rank next to the
Archbishops. The Bishop of Sodor and Man is not a Lord of Parlia-
ment.
The Ecclesiastical Commissioners, in their Reports, recommended
that two new sees should be formed in the province of York, viz. Ripon
and Manchester* ; that Gloucester and Bristol should be united ; also,
St. Asaph and Bangor ; that Sodor and Man should be annexed to Car-
lisle ; that the income of some of the sees should be reduced, and that
of others increased ; but that the income should not be reduced unless
it exceed £5,500 ; nor increased where it amounts to £4,500.
The total gross income of the several -Sees is stated by the Report of
the Commissioners, at £ 181,031 ; net income, £ 161,292; — the number
oi Benefices 10,540; gross income, £3,197,145; net income, £3,004,639;
— number of Curates, 5,232 ; — average annual net income of each per-
son, £285; average annual stipend of the curates, £81.
* Manchester is not yet erected into a see.
252
great britain. [1839.
Archbishops and Bishops of Ireland.
Archbishops.
Sees.
1806 Lord J. G. Beresford, D.D., Armagh .
183ltRichard Whntely, D. D. iDublin.
18-22 Richard Laurence,D.C.L. Cashel,
1802 V. Lc Poer Trench, D. D. Tuam.
1801
Bishops.
.Moath.
*KiIdare.
S. Alexander, D. D.
i80.*3<'h. D. Lindsay, 1). D.
1802 G. la P. Beresford, D. D. Kilmore.
1804'Stcplien C. Sandes, D. D. Killaloe &Kil,
1804 Ld.R.P. Tjtienhum,D.D. *Clogher.
I l*Killa!a&A.
Bishops.
1812 John Leslie, D. D.
1810 Robert Fowler, D.D.
1819 James Saurin, D. I).
1820 Richard Mant, D D.
1828 R. Ponsonby, D. D.
J1831 Samuel Kyle, D. D.
1831 Edmund Knox, D. D.
Sees.
*Elphin.
Ferns &. L.
*Dromore.
Down & Con.
Derry.
Cloyne.
Limerick.
*Raphoe.
*Clonferi&.K.
*VVaterf.ifcL.
*Os3ory.
*Corli&Ross.
According to the act of Parliament of 1833, entitled " An Act to alter
and amend the laws relating to the Temporalities of the Church of
Ireland," the archbishoprics of CasAeZ and Tuam are to be annexed to
Armagh and Dublin, and are to be suppressed as archbishoprics, and
reduced to bishoprics; and the ten bishoprics to which an asterisk is
prefixed are to be abolished, and their duties transferred to other sees.
This change is to take effect whenever the sees become vacant by the
decease of the present incumbents.
English Colonial Bishops.
Cons.
Bishops.
Dioceses.
Allowance.
Criergy.
Quebec,
i
1825
John Inglis, D. D.
N. Scotia,
1824
Christopher Lipscomb, D. D.
Jamaica,
1824
Win. Hart Coleridge, D. D.
Barbadoes,
1832
Daniel Wilson, D. D.
Calcutta,
£5.(00
37
1836
Thomas Carr, D. D.
Madras,
2,500
24
1836
William Grant Broughton, D.D.
Bombay,
2,500
12
1837
G. T. Spencer, D. D.
Australia,
2,000
VII. FRANCE.
King and Royal, Family.
LOUIS PHILIPPE. King of the French; — of the branch of Or-
leans, and descended from a brother of J^ouis XIV ; b. Oct. 6, 1773 ; —
King of the French, Aug. 9,1830, (on the deposition of Charles X.) ; —
m. Nov. 25, 1809, Maria Amelia, daughter of Ferdinand I., late
King of the Two Sicilies ; b. April 26, 178'.^ : — Issue : —
1. Ferdinand, Duke of Orleans, Prince Royal, b. at Palermo, Sept.
3, 1810; m. May 30, 1837, Helena, Princess of Mecklenburg, sister of
the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, b. Jan. 24, 1814.
2. Louise; b. April 3, 1812; m. Aug. 9, 1832, Leopold, King of the
Belgians.
1839.] FRANCE.
3. Maria; b. April 12, 1813.
4. Louis Charles, Duke of Nemours ; b. Oct. 25, 1814.
5. Clementina; h. June 3, 1817.
6. Francis, Prince of Joinville ; b. Oct. 14, 1818.
7. Henry, Duke of Aumale ; b. Jan. 16, 1822.
8. Anthony, Duke of Montpensier ; b. July 31, 1824.
Sister of the King.
Eugenie Adelaide Louise, Princess of Orleans; b. Aug. 23, 1777.
Government.
The government of France comprises three powers or branches, the
King, the Chamber of Peers, and the Chamber of Deputies ; and their
threefold sanction is necessary in order to give validity to every law
of the country ; but in other respects their functions are distinct and
determinate.
77ie King.
The executive power is vested in the King. Participating with the
other branches the right of proposing laws, he alone is authorized to
promulgate them. He is the supreme chief of the state, commands the
forces both of land and sea, declares war, makes treaties of peace,
alliance, and commerce, appoints to all offices of government, and
makes the rules and ordinances necessary for executing the laws, with-
out having power either to suspend the laws themselves, or dispense
with their execution.
The person of the King is inviolable and sacred ; but his ministers
are responsible.
Chamber of Peers.
The rights of the Peers were formerly hereditary ; but, in 1831, their
hereditary rights were abolished ; and they are now nominated for life
by the King, who can select them only from among those men who
have held, for a certain time, high public offices, such as those of minis-
ters, generals, counsellors of state, prefects, mayors of cities of 30,000
inhabitants or more, presidents of royal courts, members of the Institute,
members of general councils, or of councils of commerce, &c.
The Chamber of Peers participates the legislative power with that
of the Deputies and with the King. It is convoked at the same time as
the Chamber of Deputies, and it can hold no session at any time when
the Chamber of Deputies is not also in session. Nevertheless, as it has
cognizance of the crimes of high treason and of outrages against the
safety of the state, it may, in this ca?e only and for the exercise exclu-
sively of its judicial functions, form itself into a court of justice, even
at a time when the Chamber of Deputies is not in session. — The
22
254 FRANCE. [1839.
Chamber of Peers occupies the Palace of the Luxembourg, which has
been successively the residence of Maria de Medicis, of the family of
Orleans, of the Directory, of the First Consul Bonaparte, of the Con-
servatory Senate, &c. Its sessions are public.
The number of members of the Chamber of Peers is about 200. —
Baron Pasquier, Speaker.
The names of the Peers may be seen in the American Almanac for
1836.
Chamber of Deputies.
This body is composed of Deputies elected, every five years, by 459
colleges, distributed among the departments in proportion to their pop-
ulation ; and to these colleges all Frenchmen, who perform certain con-
ditions specified by one of the fundamental laws, are summoned In
order to be eligible as a deputy a Frenchman must be 30 years of age
and pay a direct tax of 500 francs ; and, in order to be an elector, he
must pay a direct tax of 200 francs. To the King pertains the right of
convoking the Chamber of Deputies ; he may also prorogue or dissolve
it ; but in this last case he must convoke a new one within three
months. — The Chamber of Deputies meets at Paris in the palace which
formerly belonged to the family of Bourbon Conde. Its sessions are
public.
All the power of the Chamber of Deputies consists in deliberating
and voting respecting laws, which must also obtain the assent of the
other two branches ; but, with respect to the execution of them, it takes
no part. Taking no part either in the nomination or the dismission of
functionaries of any class, it exercises, in relation to the government
of the country, only an oversight and control. Every year, the law
relating to the finances or budget, which gives authority for collecting
the taxes, and for disposing, under certain restrictions, of the revenue
which they afibrd, is submitted to its vote, before it undergoes an ex-
amination in the other Chamber. It is then by giving its assent, or
rather its refusal, that it can make known to the country whether it
approves or disapproves of the proceedings of the executive power
The present Chamber of Deputies was elected in 1837. — Number,
459. — Charles Dupin, Speaker.
Council of Ministers. — April 1837.
The general direction of all the affairs of the State is divided into
eight divisions or branches, with a Minister at the head of each.
Count Mole, Pres. Council ; Minister of Foreign Affairs.
M. Barthe, Keeper of the Seals ; Min. Justice <^ Worship.
General Bernard, Minister of War. «
Admiral Rossamel, Minister of Marine, ^
Count Montalivet, Minister of the Interior.
1839.]
FRANCE.
255
M. Martin du Nord,
M. Salvandy,
M. Lacave Laplange.
Minister of Commerce.
Minister of Public Instruction.
Minister of Finance.
Population according to Four Enumerations.
1801,
1811,
1821,
1831,
Population.
27,349,003
29,092,734
30,461,875
32,569,223
Increase in 10 Years.
1,743,731
1,369,141
2,107,348
Commerce.
Years.
Imports. Francs.
Exports. Francs.
Vessels.
Tonnage.
1826
564,728,392
560,508,769
14,530
694,170
1827
565,804,228
602,401,276
14,322
692,125
1828
607,677.321
609,922,632
14,447
693.381
1829
616,353,397
607,818,646
14,742
692,856
1830
638,338,433
572 664,064
14,787
687,436
1831
512,825,551
618,169,911
15,031
684,127
1832
652,872,341
696,282,132
15,224
669,381
1833
693,275,752
766,316.312
15,025
647,107
Education.
An account of the literary seminaries in France may be seen in the
American Almanac for 1838. The following has been given as the
state of elementary education in 1836.
Elementary Schools for Boys, ..... 36,000
Elementary Schools for Girls, 11,000
Total,
( in V
Number of Scholars in the 47,000 Schools, < j^^ g
in Winter,
uramer,
47,000
2,170,000
1 ,300,000
Religion.
There is a free toleration of all religions in France, but there is no
established reliorion, though the predominant is the Catholic. The sal-
aries of both the Catholic and Protestant clergy are paid out of the
public treasury. The cost for the maintenance of public worship, ac-
cording to the budget of 1838, was 35,443,500 francs. The Cardinals
(4) have a yearly income of about £1,300; the Archbishops (14) about
£800; the Bishops {<oQ) about £600. The incomes of the working
clergy are, for the most part, only from £20 to £60.
3S6
PRUSSIA.
[1839.
VIII. PRUSSIA.
King and Royal Family.
FREDERICK WILLIAM III., King of Prussia j b. Aug. 3, 1770 j
succeeded his father Frederick William 11. , Nov. 16, 1797 ; — m. Dec.
24, 1793, Louisa Augusta, Princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, who died
July 19, 1810; — [m. (ii.), by private marriage, or mariage morgana-
tique, Nov. 9, 1824, Augusta, Princess of Leignitz] : — Issue by the first
marriage : —
1. Frederick William, Prince Royal; b. Oct. 15, 1795 j — m. Nov.
29, 1823, Elizabeth Louisa, daughter of the King of Bavaria; b. Nov.
13,1801.
2. William Louis, b. March 22, 1797; — m. June \\,\'^d, Augusta,
daughter of Charles Frederick, Duke of Saxe- Weimar ; b. Sept. 30,
1811 : — Issue ; Frederick William Nicholas Charles ; b. Oct. 18, 1831.
3. Charlotte. Empress of Russia ; b. July 13, 1798.
4. Charles; b. June 29, 1801 ; — m. May 26, 1827, Maria Louisa
Alexandrina, daughter of Charles Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Weimar : —
Issue : — 1. Frederick Charles, b. March 20, 1828; — 2. Maria Louisa.
Anne, h. March 1, 1829.
5. Alexandrina ; h. Feb. 23, 1803 ; — m. May 25, 1822, Prince Freder-
ick, of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
6. Louisa; h. Feb. 1, 1808 ; — m. May 21, 1825, Frederick of Orange.
7. Albert; b. Oct. 4, 1809; — m. Sept. 14, 1830, Marianne, daughter
of William, King of the Netherlands.
The kingdom of Prussia contains eight provinces, seven of them
lying in the northeast of Germany, and the other two, (Westphalia and
the Rhine Province.) entirely separated from the rest, toward the
northwest of Germany.
Provinces.
Pop. 1834.
Evan. Ch.
1,508,471
864,588
1,284,446
1,316,109
504,611
499,440
1,445,113
309,495
Catholics. Capitals.
Population.
Brandenburg,
Pomerania,
Silesia,
Saxony,
.Westphalia,
iRhine Province,
Prussia, (Proper,)
Posfn,
Total,
1,651,320
941,193
2,547,579
1,499,583
1,292,902
2,392,902
2,073,275
1,120,668
20,535
7,545
1,091,132
89,081
711,833
1,678,745
529,921
687,421
Berlin,
Stettin,
Breslau,
Magdeburg,
Munster,
Cologne,
Konigsberg,
Posen,
252,000
35,575
86,052
39,806
17,972
61,098
62,375
26,738
13,509,927
7,732,664
4,816,813
The number of the Evangelical Church and of Catholics, in this table,
is given for the year 1828. The number of Mennonists at the same
time was 15,655; of Jews, 160,978.
I
J 839.]
PRUSSIA.
257
Proportional Number of Deaths from different Diseases.
The total number of deaths in Prussia in 15 years, from 1820 to
1834, according to Dr. Hoffman, was 5,457,209 ; and according to his
computation, on an average in 1,000,000 there died of the different dis-
eases as follows : —
Males.
Females.
1
Total.
1. Internal acute diseases.
122,996
109,836
232,832
2. Internal chronic diseases.
193,898
185,469
379,367
3. Suddenly-fatal cases of sickness,
39,802
32,921
72,723
4. External disorders and injuries,
11,087
9,165
20,252
5. Undefined diseases, .
45,062
41,108
86,170
6. Infirmities of old age, .
58,817
65,116
123,933
7. Violent causes,
12,739
3,820
16,559
8. Small-pox,
4,318
3,873
8,191
9. Delivery and in childbed,
12,867
12,867
10. Born dead,
Totals
27,066
20,040
47,106
515,785
484,215
1,000,000
Statement relating to Births for 9 years, from 1826 to 1834.
Births.
Childreu.
4,467,031
producing 1 child,
4,467,031
52,384
« 2 children,
104,768
659
it 3 u
1,977
11
11 4 11
44
Universities in Prussia.
Religion.
Theol.
Law.
Medicine.
Philosophy.
Total,
Stud.
Berlin,
18371 Protestant,
499
514
372
361
1,746
Bonn,
l837UVlixed,
182
216
197
108
701
Breslau,
1837j do.
768
Greifswalde,
1829; Protestant,
361
Halle,
Konigsberg,
18371 do.
18351 do.
1,000
1,600
437
Munster,
18291 Catholic,
361
The government of Prussia is a military monarchy, nearly absolute.
When the King called upon his subjects to take up arms against
France, he promised to grant them a free constitution ; but this promise?
however, has been but partially fulfilled. For several years past. Pro-
vincial States have been convoked for the different provinces which the
kingdom comprises, but their jurisdiction is very limited, and their
debates are secret. They cannot originate any project of law, but must
22*
258 PRUSSIA. [1839.
merely deliberate on such as are submitted to them. Yet no change
can be made in the law, and no new tax imposed without their sanc-
tion. Although the present king has zealously supported most of the
measures brought forward by Austria for the suppression of popular
influence, and limiting the liberty of the press, yet the kingdom has
been, during his reign, greatly improved in various respects, and espe-
cially with regard to education ; and it is now perhaps the best educated
kingdom in the world.
The following remarks are extracted from Prof. Stowe's " Report on
Elementary Instruction in Europe." " A new era in the history of
civilization has evidently commenced. A despotic king of the Prot-
estant faith, dreading the evils of an ignorant and unbridled democracy,
such as was witnessed in the French revolution, has now for forty
years been pursuing a course of instruction for his whole people, more
complete, better adapted to develop every faculty of the soul, and to
bring into action every capability of every kind that may exist, even
in the poorest cottage of the most obscure corner of his kingdom, than
has ever before been imagined. Men of the highest order of intellect
and most extensive attainments are encouraged to devote themselves to
the business of teaching : the best plans for the furtherance of this
object are immediately received and generously rewarded ; talent and
industry, wherever they exist, are sought out and promoted; and noth-
ing is left undone that can help forward this great design.
" The introduction of this system was preceded by political changes,
which, considered as emanating from the government itself, have
scarcely a parallel in the history of nations. When Frederick William
III. ascended the throne of Prussia, in 1797, the condition of the people
was in many respects truly deplorable. But, immediately upon his
accession, he set about reforming abuses, and introducing improvements.
The odious religious edict was abolished, — the administration of jus-
tice was thoroughly reformed, and rigid economy introduced into the
royal household. The exclusive privileges of the nobles were taken
away, and their power so completely broken, that there is now no
hereditary aristocracy, which can interfere with the sovereign, or op-
press the people.
" In 1810, the peasantry, who before had no ownership in the soil
which they cultivated, and consequently no independence of character,
by a royal decree, became freeholders on the following terms, namely :
those who held their lands on perpetual lease, by giving up one third, and
these who held them on limited or life leases, by giving up one half, to
the landlord, became the owners in fee simple of the rest. The military
is now so modelled that every citizen between the ages of 18 and 21 is
in actual service in the standing army, where he is instructed in all
that pertains to military life, and then returns to his peaceful occupa-
1839.] PRUSSIA. QBd
tions. Thus the army is made up entirely of citizens, — and every
citizen is a soldier; and there is no such thing as a standing army at
the entire devotion of the sovereign, and independent of the people.
" The Prime Minister, Hardenberg, in a circular published at the
time when these reforms were in progress, declares, that, ' the new
system is based upon the principle, that every subject, personally free,
be able to raise himself, and develop his powers freely, without let or
hinderance from any other ; that the public burdens be borne in common
and in just proportions; that equality before the law be secured to
every subject; tiiat justice be rigidly and punctually administered ; that
merit, in whatever rank it may be found, be enabled to rise without
obstacle ; that the government be carried on with unity, order, and
power; that, by the education of the people, and the spread of true
religion, the general interests, and a national spirit be promoted, as the
only secure basis of the national welfare.'
" Another European king of the Roman Catholic faith, Louis of Ba-
varia, who is connected by marriage with the royal house of Prussia,
moved by this example, and excited by emulation in behalf both of his
church and kingdom, is now zealously pushing forward the same ex-
periment among his own people, and already the Bavarian schools
begin to rival the Prussian; and the University of Berlin finds its only
equal in that of Munich. Louis has in one thing gone even beyond his
brother of Prussia, in that he has granted to his people a real constitu-
tional representation in the government, a privilege and a right which
the Prussians have labored in vain to extort from Frederick William.
'' Even the Autocrat, JVicholas of Russia^ (married to a daughter of
the Prussian monarch, who inherits much of her father's spirit,) has
been induced to commence a similar system throughout his vast do-
minions ; and from the reports to the Emperor of M. D'Ouvaroff, the
Russian Minister of Public Instruction, it appears, that already from
Poland to Siberia, and from the White Sea to the regions beyond the
Caucasus, including the provinces so recently wrested from Persia,
there are the beginnings of a complete system of common school in-
struction for the whole people, to be carried into full execution as fast
as it is possible to provide the requisite number of qualified teachers.
" Thus three sovereigns, representing the three great divisions of
Christendom, the Protestant, the Romish, and the Greek, are now zeal-
ously engaged in doing what despotic sovereigns have seldom done
before, — enlightening and educating their people; and that too with
better plans of instruction, and a more efficient accomplishment in
practice, than the world has ever before witnessed. Nor is the spirit of
education confined to these nations. The kingdom of JVurtemberg, and
the grand duchy of Baden, are not behind Prussia or Bavaria. The
smaller States of Germany, and even old Austria, are pushing forward
260 PRUSSIA. [1839.
in the same career ; France is all awake } Spain and Jtaly are beginning
to open their eyes ; the government of England, — which has hitherto
neglected the education of the common people more than any other
Protestant country of Europe, — is beginning to bestir itself; and even
the Sultan of Turkey, and the Pacha of Egypt, are looking around for
well-qualified teachers to go among their people. In London and
Paris, 1 saw Turks, and Arabs, and Greeks, who had been sent by their
respective governments to these cities, for the express purpose of being
educated for teachers in their native countries, if not for the whole
people, at least for the favored i^w. At Constantinople a society has
been formed for the promotion of useful knowledge, which publishes a
monthly journal, edited by one of the Turks who studied in Paris; and
the Sultan now employs a French teacher in his capital, whom he es-
pecially invited from France.
" The sovereigns to whom I have alluded, are not only educating the
people, but they are laying aside the pomp, the trappings, and the lav-
ish expenses of royalty, and by simplicity, by rigid economy, by an en-
ergetic and impartial administration of the government, are endeavoring
•"o establish their thrones in the hearts of their people. Frederick Wil-
liam, in his dress, appearance, and whole deportment, is as simple and
unostentatious as an Ohio farmer ; and few of our wealthy merchants
ride in so plain a carriage, or sleep on so homely a bed, as the monarch
of Prussia. After witnessing the pageantry, the pomp, and ostentation
of the limited monarchy of England, one is astonished at the rigid sim-
plicity of the great military despotism of central Europe."
IX. HANOVER.
Hanover was, from the accession of the House of Brunswick to the
British crown, till 1837, under the government of the Kings of Great
Britain; and George I. of England was the second Elector of Han-
over. In 1814, Hanover was erected into a kingdom, and the King of
Great Britain became also King of Hanover. But it is now separated
from the British crown, inasmuch as the Salic law, which excludes
females from the throne, is in force in Hanover ; and on the death of
William IV., June 20, 1837, the crown of Hanover passed to his eldest
brother, the first male heir.
The present King, on the 12th of July, 1837, issued a proclamation,
in which he expressed his dissatisfaction with the constitution of 1833,
which had been granted by William IV., declaring that he regarded it
" neither in form or substance binding upon him." This proclamation
has caused much dissatisfaction in Hanover, and a strong sensation in
other parts of Germany ; and the difficulties are not yet settled.
1839.]
HANOVER.
261
King and Family.
ERNEST AUGUSTUS, (Duke of Cumberland, and fourth son
of George III., late King of England,) King of Hanover; b. June 5,
1771 ; m. May 29, 1815, Fredcrica Sophia Carolina, Princess Dowager of
Solms, sister of the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, b. March 20, 1778 : —
Issue : —
George Frederick, Prince Royal; b. May 27, 1819.
Jurisdictions.
Pop. 1833.
Houses.
Capitals.
Pop.
Hanover,
320,180
42,217
Hanover,
26,300
Hildesheim,
352,196
49,373
Hildesheim,
13,800
Luneburg,
303,114
39,126
Luneburg,
12.500
Stade,
241,142
38,731
Stade,
5,500
Osnabruck,
263.624 40,101
Osnabruck,
11,800
Aurich,
153,671
25,776
Aurich,
2,600
Clausthal,
Total, 1
28,573
2,827
Clausthal,
8,859
1,662,500
239,1511
Hanover had, a few years since, 3,561 elementary schools, 37 gym-
nasiums, 4 seminaries for educating schoolmasters, and 1 university, —
that of Gottingen, which had, in 1837, 823 students; 198 in theology,
331 in law, 204 in medicine, and 90 in philosophy.
X. SAXONY.
King and Royal Family.
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, King of Saxony; b. May 18, 1797;
succeeded his uncle Anthony, June 6, 1836 ; (having been appointed
co-regeiit Sept. 13, 1830 ; his father. Prince Maximilian, the late King's
brother, having renounced his claim in his favor;) — ra. (i.) Oct. 7,
1819, Caroline, daughter of Francis I. of Austria, who died May 15,
1832; — m. (ii.) April 24, 1833, Maria Anna Leopoldina, daughter of
Maximilian Joseph, late King of Bavaria.
Circles.
Sq. miles.
1,670
1,348
1,785
965
Pop. 1835.
Capitals.
Pop.
Dresden,
Leipsic,
Zwickau,
Bautzen,
Total,
411,864
361,251
549,811
257,444
Dresden,
Leipsic, .
Zwickau,
Bautzen,
64,3991
43,189
6,127
8,467
5,768
1 ,580,370
262
SAXONT.
[1839.
Saxony, situated towards the northeast of Germany, was erected
into a kingdom in 1806. It comprises a part of the late circle of
Upper Saxony, and is the smallest in Europe, but one of the best edu-
cated, and it is distinguished for its literature. The government is a
limited monarchy, with two chambers. It has one university, that of
Leipsic, which is one of the most eminent in Germany, having, in 1833,
1 ,436 students.
XI. WURTEMBERG.
King and Royal Family.
WILLIAM, King of Wurtemberg ; born Sept. 27, 1781 ; — succeeded
his father Frederick, the first king of Wurtemberg, Oct. 30, 1816; —
m. (i ) Jan. 24, 1816, Catherine, sister of the Emperor of Russia and
widow of the Duke of Oldenburg, b. May 21, 1788, d. Jan. 9, 1819 ; —
m. (ii.) April 15, 1820, Paulina, daughter of his uncle Alexander,
Duke of Wurtemberg, b. Sept. 4, 1800: — Issue, (by the first marriage,)
I.Maria, b. Oct. 30, \Q\Q; — 2. Sophia, h. June 17, 1818. — (By the
2d marriage,) — 3. Catherine, b. Aug. 24, 1821 ; — 4. Charles, Prince
Royal, b. March 6, 1823; — 5. Augusta, b. Oct. 4, 1826.
Circles.
Sq. miles.
Pop. 1833.
Capitals.
Pop.
The Neckar,
The Schwarzwald
The Danube,
The Jaxt,
1,293
1,861
2,349
2,111
439,978
424,933
367,44rt
355,691
Stuttgard,
Ileutlingen,
Ulm,
Elwangen,
35,000
10,400
12,139
2,300
7,614
1,587,448
Wurtemberg, a small kingdom situated in the southwest part of Ger-
many, comprises a part of the late circle of Swabia. It was formerly a
dukedom ; but, in 1803, Frederick, Duke of Wurtemberg, was raised to
the lank of an Elector, and in 1806, by Bonaparte, to that of King.
The government is a limited hereditary monarchy, having two cham-
bers ; and the kingdom is one of the best educated in Europe. It has
one university, that of Tubingen, with (in 1837) 664 students.
XII. BAVARIA.
King and Royal Family.
LOUIS, King of Bavaria ; b. Aug. 25, 1786; — succeeded his father
Maximilian Joseph, Oct. 13, 1825 ; — m. Oct. 12, 1810, Theresa, daugh-
r
1839.]
BA7ARIA.
263
ter of Frederick, the late Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, b. July 8, 1792: —
Issue : —
1. Maximilian, Prince Roijal, b. Nov. 28, 1811. — 2. Matilda, b. Aug.
30, 1813, — spouse of the hereditary Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt. — 3.
Otho, King of Greece, b. June 1, 1815. — 4. Leopold, b. March 12,
1821. — 5. Adeline, b. March 19, 1823.-6, Hildegarde, b. June 10,
1825. — 7. Alexandrina, b. Aug. 26, 1826.-8. Albert, b. July 19, 1828.
Circles.
i
Pop. 1833.
Catholics.
Evan. Ch.
Jews.
Capitals.
Munich,
Pop.
Isar,
595,363
572,715
8,237
702
95,000
Low. Danube
432,068
406,001
1,520
11
Passau,
10,300
Regen,
432,172
396,248
22,875
716
Ralisbon,
26,500
Upp. Danube
516,435
463,854
36.512
4,538
Augsburg,
31,208
Rezat,
552,028
1 18,408
405,939
14,705
jNuremberg,
41,000
Upp. Mayne,
547,003
267.885
249,290
6,602
Bayreuth,
13,985
Low. Mayne,
568,337
438,260
86,656
17,301
Wurtzburg,
24,000
Rhine,
Total,
543,984
217,012
283,640
12,998
57,574
Spire,
7,700
1
4,187,397
2,880,383
1,094,669
Bavaria, composed of inost of the late circles of Bavaria and Fran-
conia, was erected into a kingdom, in 1805, under .Maximilian Joseph
(formerly Elector of Bavaria), on whom Bonaparte conferred the title of
King, and caused it to be ceded to him at the peace of Presburg the
same year.
Government. — The government is an hereditary constitutional mon-
archy, the succession limited to the male line. The present constitution
was granted by the first king, Maximilian Joseph, in 1818. Its funda-
mental principles are, liberty of conscience, and freedom of opinion, with
the reservation of legal provisions against the abuse of either ; the right
of every native-born subject to be employed in the public service ; gen-
eral liability to personal service in the national defence ; equality of all
before the law ; the impartial and uninterrupted administration of jus-
tice ; general liability to taxes and an equitable distribution of them j
and a legislature elected by all classes of resident citizens, and enjoying
the right of discussing and approving laws, voting the pubhc taxes,
and requiring the redress of all infiingements upon the rights recog-
nized by the constitution. The legislative power is vested in two
chambers, conjointly with the king: a Senate, composed, in 1835, of 51
senator*^, 30 members by hereditary rank or dignity, or from the nature
of their family possessions, and 21 nominated by the king for life, or as
hereditary senators ; and a Chamber of Deputies, consisting of 123
members, elected for 6 years.
Religion. The classification in the above table according to religious
persuasion, is given for the year 1825. The Catholics and Protestants
264 BAVARIA. []839.
have equal civil rights. There are two Catholic archbishoprics, Mu-
nich and Bamberg ; and 6 bishoprics, Wurtzburg, Eichstadt, and Spire,
under the former, and Augsburg, Ratisbon, and Passau, under the lat-
ter. Annual income of the archbishop of Munich about £ 1,920, of
Bamberg, £1,400 ; of the bishops of Augsburg, Ratisbon, and Wurtz-
burg, £ 960 each ; of Passau, Eichstadt, and Spire, £765 each. The
annual grant for the support of the inferior Catholic ministers, is about
£ 95,000. The Protestant clergy are maintained by the State at an
annual expense of about £28,000. The President of the Lutheran
Consistory has a seat in the Senate.
Education. Elementary schools are established throughout the king-
dom, and the children are required to attend them. There are three
universities, Munich (1,300 students), and Wurtzburg (461 students),
Catholic; and Erlangen (300 students), Protestant.
XIII. AUSTRIA.
Emperor and Imperial Family.
FERDINAND I., Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohe-
mia ; — b. April 19, 1793 ; — succeeded his father Francis, the first Em-
peror of Austria, March 2, 1835;— m. Feb. 12, 1831, Maria Anne
Caroline, daughter of Victor Emanuel, late King of Sardinia ; b,
Sept. 19, 1803.
Brothers and Sisters of the Emperor.
1. Maria Louisa ; b. Dec. 12, 1791; — m. April 2, 1810, to JSapoleon
Bonaparte, Emperor of France ; — created Duchess of Parma, May 30,
1814. — 2. Maria Clementina; b. March 1,1798;— m. July 28, 1816,
Leopold, Prince Salerno. — 3. Francis Charles Joseph, Archduke ; b.
Dec. 7, 1802 ; — m. Nov. 4, 1824, Frederica Sophia, sister of the King
of Bavaria -. — Issue : — Francis, b. Aug. 18, 1830 ; Ferdinand, b. July
6, 1832; Charles, b. July 30, 1833. — 4. Maria jinnc Francis, b. June 8,
1804.
Step-mother of the Emperor.
Caroline Augusta, daughter of Maximilian Joseph, late King of Bava-
ria ; b. Feb. 8, 1792.
Uncles of the Emperor.
1. Charles, Archduke, b. Sept. 5, 1771 : — Issue, 5 children. — 2. Jo-
seph, Archduke, Palatine of Hungary, b. March 9, 1776 : — Issue, 5
children. — 3. John, Archduke, b. Jan. 20, 1782. — 4. Benier, Arch-
duke, b. SepU 30, 1783 : — Issue, 8 children. — 5. Louis, Archduke, b.
Dec. 13, 1784.
1839.]
AUSTRIA.
265
Austria was erected into an empire in 1804, by Francis II., Emperor
of Germany, who assumed the title of Hereditary Emperor of Austria;
and in 1806, Francis II. resigned his title of Emperor of Germany, and
the German Empire was dissolved.
Divisions.
Square Pop. 1831.
Capitals.
Pop.
Miles.
Archduchy of Austria,
14,881
2,113.915
Vienna,
319,873
Styria, ....
8,388
859,841
Gratz,
40,000
Tyrol and Voralberg,
10 845
786,543
Innspruck,
10,237
Bohemia,
20 '01 3
3,897,076
Prague,
102,462
Moravia and Silesia,
io'ir2
2,066,218
Brunn,
36,000
Illyria, ....
10,915
1,145,445
Trieste,
46,000
Galicia, ....
32,508! 4,548,534
Lemberg,
55,500
Huno-ary, Slavonia, &c ,
100,6361 11, 536,431
Buda,
30,011
Transylvania, . .
23,288; 2,034,385
Hermanstadt,
18,313
Dalmatia,
5,748' 309,412
Zara,
7,409
Lombardy and Venice,
Total,
17,892
4,3.32,581
Milan,
130,399
255,226
33,630,381
Population Classed according to Race and Religion, for the Year 1825,
as stated in the, Weimar Almanac.
Slavonians, 14,875,000
Germans, 5,850,000
Italians, 4,400,000
Magyars, 4,100,000
VVailachians, 1,800,000
Jews, 470,000
Gipsies, 110,000
Armenians, 13,500
Greeks, &c., 6,500
Catholics, 25,441,000
Greek Ch., 5,850,000
Reformed, 1,600,000
Lutherans, 1,150,000
Jews, 470,000
Unitarians, 50,000
Armenians, 13,500
Mohammedans, 500
\
Religion. There are 13 Catholic archbishoprics, viz. Vienna, Prague,
Olmutz, Milan, Venice, Gran, Erlau, Kolocza, Lemberg, Spalatro, Ra-
gusa, Salzburg, and Udina; and 60 bishoprics. The prelates enjoy hand-
some incomes, generally from £1,000 to £10,000; and the archbishop
of Gran, Primate of Hungary, has an annual revenue of upwards of
£34,000. The value of the property belonging to the national church
is estimated at £19,000,000 sterling. The number of males belonging
to the regular and secular Catholic clergy is computed by Lichtenstern
at 56,000.
23
266
AUSTRIA.
Statistical Table.
[1839.
1. Archduchy of Austria, .
2. Styria,
3. Tyrol,
4. Illyria,
5. Bohemia,
6. Moravia and Silesia, .
7. Galicia, &c., .
8. Hungary, &c., .
9. Transylvania,
10. Military Frontier District,
ill. Dalmalia, . .
*12. Lombardy and Venice,
1
!
Horses.
Horned Cattle.
Sheep.
118,091
44,752
13,978
47,492
137,523
130,418
362,477
700,000
300,ri0(>
173,432
22,480
59,750
773,177
303,293
233,431
378,325
895.275
383,056
1,325,735
4,500,000
700,000
500,000
53,164
450.000
651,818
136.344
1;37,301
539,339
1,202,452
448.812
547,653
6,500,000
600,000
800,000
717,121
376,537
2,110 393
10.495.456
12,657,377 j
Education. As to education, there are three head " boards of studies " ;
t)ne at Vienna, for superintending and controlling whatever concerns the
business of education in every province but Hunnrary and Transylva-
nia ; a second at Buda for the former, and a third at Klausenberg for
the latter principality, which also takes cognizance of all ecclesiastical
affairs. The various provincial authorities, in conjunction with the
clergy and consistories, act under the immediate sanction or directions
of these boards. The same system obtains with regard to the Greek
and Protestant schools, though it will be conceived that the state of the
latter is not likely to have been improved by subjecting them to the
visitation of Roman Catholic deans and episcopal consistories. A di-
rector is appointed for every branch of instruction to every province
and academical district, and he is assisted by a pro-director in matters
of external, and by an exhortator in matters of religious discipline. In
the universities, both are intrusted to their own magistracy. The lower
class of schools are subject to the inspection of the local clergy at each
spot, but that of whole districts is vested in the dean or vice -dean ap-
pointed by the bishop ; and the general superintendence and conduct of
all matters connected with education is in each province carried on by
its own local government. The several descriptions of schools are as
follows: — National schools, which exist in every place where there
is a parish registry, and are open to all ages; and head schools, each of
three classes of pupils, in most cities and market towns, for educating
youth intended for handicrafts, mechanical employments, &c. There
are normal schools of four classes, each for educating teachers; and
civic schools for the acquisition of practical knowledge, with three
classes in each, to which youth, intended for the higher branches
of the arts, commerce, the station of surveyors, «fee , resort. Inde-
1839.] AUSTRIA. 267
pendently of Hungary and Transylvania, (he whole number of na-
tional schools was staled, three or four years since, at 24,931 ; pu-
pils, 1,993,522; teachers, 33,053 The number of national schools in
Hungary, in 1820, has been stated at 5,505. — The universities of Aus-
tria are the following nine, to which the number of students, according
to last accounts, are annexed.
Vienna,
1,954
Innspruck,
352
Lemberg,
1,010
Prague,
1,449
Gratz,
321
Pavia,
1,300
Pesth,
1,710
Oimutz,
Padua,
410
The Austrian Empire is composed of several States or countries,
which are situated towards the south of Europe, which are inhabited by
different nations, speaking different languages; and which differ in
their laws and institutions. The empire is more extensive in territory
than the kingdom of France, and comprises also a greater population.
It is the leading State in the Germanic Confederation, and it exercises
a great influence in the political affairs of Europe.
Austria is unfavorably situated with respect to foreign commerce. Its
maritime trade centres in the ports of the Adriatic, and is confined
principally to the Mediterranean. The total amount of exports is esti-
mated at about £ 6,000,000 ; imports about £ 5,900,000.
The Austrian navy is under the management of a naval commandant
at Venice. It consists of from 30 to 34 vessels of war, of which 3
are ships of the line in ordinary, 5 frigates, 5 sloops, 8 brigs, and 6
schooners.
The government is an absolute monarchy, limited, however, with
respect to Hungary and Transylvania, which have diets or legislative
bodies. Most of the other provinces also have provincial assemblies,
but they impose little check on the prerogative of the monarch. Prot-
estants enjoy religious liberty throughout the Austrian dominions, a
privilege granted to them by the edict of toleration promulgated by the
Emperor Joseph, in 1784. The censorship of the press is rigidly
enforced, and a powerful influence is exerted by Austria to keep it
enforced throughout Germany. Prince Metternlch, the Prime Minister
of Austria, who was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, in 1809, has
been, for about 30 years, the leading spirit in the government, and the
director and manager of the Austrian policy.
268
SWITZERLAND.
[1839.
XIV. SWITZERLAND.
Statistical Table.
Cantons.
Prot.
Cath.
Jews.
Total Pop.
Sq. M.
Capitalg.
Pop,
Berne,
309,620
47,900
357,660
3,635
Berne,
20,500
Zurich,
223,340
910
140
224,150
954
Zurich,
10,313
Lucerne,
53
105,547
105,600
662
Lucerne,
6,055
Uri,
13 930
13,930
646
Altorf,
1.623
Schweitz,
36,396
36,396
466
Schweitz,
4,798
[Underwalden
23,150
23,150
265
Sarnen,
3,500
Glarus,
25,818
3,285
29,103
392
Glarus,
4,000
Zug,
14,710
14,710
122
Zug,
2,809
Friburg,
5,220
72,440
77,660
805
Friburg,
6,164
Soleure,
4,34(1
54,000
58,340
255
Soleure,
4,471
iBale,
49,590
5.760
55,350
228
Bale,
16,215
SchafFhausen
27,840
'210
28,050
169
Schaffhausen
7,000
Appenzell,
57,510
57,510
170
Appenzell,
3,000
St. Gall,
99,300
58,4(10
157,700
1,102
St. Gall,
10,300
Grisons,
50,000
33,000
83,000
2,395
Coire,
3,350
Aargou,
79,800
71,400
1,700
152.900
763
Arau,
3,500
Thurgau,
72,191
17,654
89,845
253
Frauenfeld,
1,600
Ticino,
103,950
103,950
1,134
Lugano,
3,602
Vaud,
175,850
3,030
178,880
1,487
Lausanne,
10.200
Valais,
77,570
77,570
2,035
Sion,
2^334
Neufchatel,
54,450
2,190
56,640
350
Neufchatel,
4,715
Geneva,
37,700
15,80(1
60
53,560
100
17,498
Geneva,
25,000
2.035,814
Religion.
Races.
Reformed,
. . 1,2
16,860
Germa
ns, . . 1,^
128,671
Catholics,
. . . 8
17,110
French
. 4
138,489
Jews,
.
1,810
Italian
3, . . ]
119,970
Anabaptists,
900
(Speak
ing Romance,)
48,090
Lutherans,
Total,
.
350
Jews,
ToU
.
1,810
in 1827,
2,0
37,030
d, . . 2,(
)37,030
Government.
Each Canton is an independent republic. In some of the Cantons the
lorm of government is a democracy, but in most of thorn, an oligarchy.
But, for the general security, the cantons are confederated together, and
the regulation of affairs, which concern the whole confederation, is in-
trusted to a Diet composed of deputies from the 22 cantons, who assem-
ble commonly on the first Monday in July at Zurich, Berne, or Lucerne,
the place of meeting being changed in rotation every two years ; and
the deputy of the Canton in whose capital the Diet assembles, presides.
In 1839 and 1840, the Diet will meet at Zurich; in 1841 and 1842, at
Berne ; and in 1843 and 1844, at Lucerne.
1839.J
SPAIN.
269
XV. SPAIN.
Spain, a mountainous country, comprising the most of a great penin-
sula Ijing in the southwest of Europe, is advantageously situated, and
two centuries ago, it was the most formidable power in Christendom;
but it is now comparatively weak, and is backward with respect to agri-
culture, manufactures, the arts, and education.
It is divided into 14 large provinces, and subdivided into 31 smalUr
ones.
Statistical Table.
General
Divisions.
New Castile
Old Castile
Proyinces.
Leon
Asturias
Galicia
Estremadura
Andalusia
Murcia I
Arragon I
Valencia I
Catalonia
Navarre \
Biscay 1
Baleariclsles
f Madrid
I Toledo
-^ Guadalaxara
j Cuenqa
(^La JMancha
f Burgos
' Soria
] Segovia
I^Aviia
["Leon
j Palencia
j Toro
^ Valladolid
j Zamora
(^Salamanca
Asturias
Galicia
Estremadura
f Seville
-^ Cordova
I Jaen
[_ Granada
Murcia
Arragon
Valencia
Catalonia
Navarre
r Biscay
^ Guipuscoa
( Alava
Balearic Isles
Total, I
Pop. in 1827. Sq. miles.
277,812
485,203
157,338
382,577
267,210
617,702
257,537
221,379
153,479
311,755
153,482
126,581
243,607
92 821
272,9tt2
464,565
1,585,419
556,780
970,087
327,256
276,005
l,097,09t
498,192
856,219
1,255,095
1,116,461
288,214
144,875
135,838
92,807
242,893
13,953,959
1,330
8,863
1,970
11410
7,620
7,752
4,118
3,502
2,600
5,943
1,751
1,992
3,272
1,606
1,128
3,725
16,066
14,478
9,080 5
4,202
3,236
9,720
7,957
14,882
7,764
12,111
2,475
1.280
628
1,093
1,775
176,627
Capitals.
Pop.
Madrid
201,000
Toledo
15,600
Guadalaxara
7,000
Cuenqa
7,000
Ciudad Real
10,000^
Burgos
12,000
Soria
5,000
Segovia
12,000
Avila
4,000
Leon
5,000
Palencia
10,000
Toro
9,000
Valladolid
32,000
Zamora
7,000
Salamanca
14,000
Oviedo
10,000
Santiago
28,000
Badajoz
12,000
Seville
91,000
Cadiz
70,000
Cordova
46,000
Jaen
18,000
Granada
80,000
Murcia
35,000
Saragossa
55,000
Valencia
66,000
Barcelona
120,000
Panipeluna
15,000
Bilbna
15,000
St. Sebastian
9.000
Vittoria
7,000
Palma
30,000
The population of Spain, in the above table, is given according to Has-
sel and other authorities. It is probably, however, an over estimate.
23*
270 SPAIN. [1839.
The population given in the table of the '^States of Europe " (see page
225), is 11,963,000, and is the statement contained in the " Appendix to
a Decree in the * Madrid Gazette ' of August, 1836."
FoREiGx Possessions of Spain.
Population.
In Asia — The islands of Manilla, Mindanao, &c. - - 2,600,000
In Africa — The Canary Islands (Population in 1835) - 233,645
In America — The islands of Cuba and Porto Rico - 1,028,325
Total, - 3,861,970
Queen and Royal Family.
ISABELLA II. (Maria Louisa), Q,ue en of Spain; b. at Madrid, Oct.
10, 1830 ; succeeded her father Ferdinand VII. Sept. 29th, 1833.
Mother of the Queen^ and Queen-Regent during her minority.
Maria Christina de Bourbon, daughter of Francis, late King of the Two
Sicilies, b. April 27th, 1806.
Sister of the Queen.
Maria Louisa Ferdinanda, Infanta of Spain ; b. Jan. 30, 1832.
Uncles of the Queen.
Charles, or Don Carlos, Infant of Spain ; b. March 29th, 1788 ; — m,
Sept. 29th, 1816, Frances, Infanta of Portugal ; — Issue, 3 sons.
Francis de Paul, Infant of Spain; b. March 10th, 1794 ; — m. June
12th, 1819, Louisa Charlotte, Princess of the Two Sicilies : — Issue, 8
children.
Since the death of Ferdinand VII., in 1833, Spain has been harassed
by a civil war, carried on in the name of Donna Isabella II., Queen of
Spain, the daughter of Ferdinand, hy her mother Donna Maria Chris-
tina de Bourbon, Regent of the empire, on one part, and by Don Carlos,
the Pretender, brother of Ferdinand, on the other part ; and the contest
is yet undecided.
On the 16th of June, 1837, a Constitution was proclaimed at Madrid
in the name of the Queen, and signed by the Queen Regent, the min-
isters^ and deputies. This constitution is similar, in many respects, to
the present constitution of France, and guaranties the liberty of the
press, and other fundamental principles of freedom.
By this constitution the nation is obliged to maintain the public wor-
ship and ministers of the Catholic religion professed by Spaniards.
The power of enacting laws resides in the Cortes in conjunction with
the King.
1839.] SPAIN. 271
The Cortes are composed of two co-legislative bodies, of equal powers,
the Senate and Congress of Deputies.
The Deputies are appointed for three years, and each province is en-
titled to one deputy, at least, for every 50,0u0 inhabitants.
The number of Senators is equal to three filths of the number of Dep-
uties 3 but each province is entitled to at least one Senator. They are
appointed by the King from a triple list, proposed by the electors of each
province, who elect the deputies.
At every time when there is a general election of Deputies, whether
in consequence of their term of dKce having expired, or of a dissolution
of the Congress, a third part of the Senate is lo be renewed, those going
out being reeligible.
The Cortes are to assemble every year on the first of December. It
is the light of the King to convoke the Cortes, to suspend and close
their meetings, and dissolve them; but under the obligation, in the latter
case, or convoking and reassembling another Cortes within a period of
three months.
Ministry — October, 1837.
Senor Bardaxi, President of the Council.
Don Rafael Perez, Minister of the Interior.
Don Pablo Matil, Minister of Justice.
Don Jose Perez, Minister of Finance.
Don F. Ulloa, Minister of M(Mdne.
Don Francisco Ramonet, Minister of War.
XVI. PORTUGAL.
Queen and Royal Family.
MARIA II. DA GLORIA, Queen of Portugal and the Algarves ; b.
April 4, 1819 ; — declared Queen of Portugal in consequence of the ab-
dication of her father, Don Pedro, late Emperor of Brazil, May 2, 1826;
m. (i.) Jan. 30, 1835, Augustus, Duke of Leuchtenberg, who died March
28, 1835; — (II.) April 9, 1836, Ferdinand Augustus, Duke of Saxe-
Coburg, nephew of Leopold, King of the Belgians, b. Oct. 29, 1816.
Uncle and Aunts of the Queen.
1. Maria Theresa ; b. April 29, 1793 ; widow of Peter Charles of Spain.
2. Isabella Maria, b. June 4, 1801. — 3. Don iVIiguel, b. Oct. 26, 1802,
— assumed the absolute sovereignty of Portugal in 1828, — quitted and
formally relinquished the kingdom in 1834. — 4. Anne de Jesus Maria,
b. Dec. 23, 1806.
272
PORTUGAL.
[1839.
Provinces.
Sq. Miles.
Pop. 182G.
Capitals.
Pop.
Lsutmadura,
Beira,
iVliiiho,
Tras-os- Monies,
Alentejo,
Algarve, .
8,837
8,5ti6
2,862
3,055
9,738
1,808
745,000
940,000
810,000
385,000
330,000
104,000
Lisbon, .
Coimbra,
C Braga, .
\ Oporto,
Braganza,
hvora, .
Faro,
250,000
15,210
19,097
80,000
4,000
li» 000
8,000
Total,
34,880
3,214,^0
The government of Portugal is a constitutional hereditary monarchy ;
but it has undergone various changes within a few years ; and in the
spring of 1838, a new constitution was accepted by the Queen.
The established and exclusive religion is the Catholic, in its extreme
form. There is one patriarch (Lisbon), 2 archbishops (Braga and Evora),
and 13 bishops. Education is in a backward state. There is one uni-
versity, that of Coimbra, having, in 1820, 1,604 students.
XVIL SARDINIA.
■^ King and Rov^al Family.
CHARLES ALBERT, King of Sardinia; b. Oct. 2, 1798 ; succeeded
his uncle Charles Felix, April 27, 1831 ; — m. Sept. 30, 1817, Theresa,
daughter of Ferdinand 111., late Grand Duke of Tuscany ; — Issue : —
1. Victor Emanuel, Prince Royal, Duke of Savoy, b. March 14,
1820. — 2. Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa, b. Nov. 15, 1822.
This kingdom, which dates from 1718, comprises Piedmont, including
the county of Nice, the duchy of Montferrat, and the Sardinian Mila-
nese; Savoy, Genoa, and the island of Sardinia. Genoa, formerly a
republic, was annexed to it in 1815.
1839.] SARDINIA. Q73
The government is an absolute monarchy ; the religion Catholic, to
the almost entire exclusion of all others. There are, however, about
30,000 Jews, and 21,900 Waldenses There are 7 archbishops and 34
bishops.
There are 4 universities, with the number of students stated as fol-
lows;—Turin, 811; Genoa, 500; Sassari, 248; Cagliari, 243. The
state of education is backward.
XVIII. THE TWO SICILIES.
King and Royal Family.
FERDINAND II., King of the Two Sicilies ; b. Jan. 12, 1810 ; suc-
ceeded his father Francis, Nov. 8, 1830; — m. Nov. 21, 1832, Maria
Christina, daughter of Victor Emanuel of Sardinia, b. Nov. 14, 1810.
Issue : — Francis, Prince Royal, b. Jan. 16, 1836.
Brothers and Sisters of the King.
1. Maria Caroline, h. Nor. 5, 1798 ; m. Feb. 14, 1816, Duke of Berri.
— 2. Louisa Charlotte; b. Oct. 24, 1804; m. June 12,1819, Don Francis
of Spain. — 3. Maria Christina, Queen-mother of Spain, b. April 27,
1806. — 4. Charles, Prince of Capua, b. Dec. 10, 1811. — 5. Leopold,
Count of Syracuse, b. May 22, 1813. — 6. Maria Antoinette, b. Dec.
19, 1814. — 7. .Antonio, Count of Lecce, b. Sept. 23, 1816. — 8. Maria
Amelia, b. Feb. 25, 1818. — 9. Caroline, b. Feb. 29,1820.-10. There-
sa, b. March 14, 1822. — 11. Louis, Count of Aquila, b. July 19, 1824.
— 12. Francis, Count of Trapani, b. Aug. 13, 1827.
Divisions.
Sq. Miles.
Pop. 1833. Capitals. Pop.
(Naples,
Sicily, .
31,609
10,510
5.858,136 Naples, . . 3-58,994 i
1,893,857 Palermo, . ; 173.666 j
Total,
42,129
7,75:2,0031 | '
The kingdom of the Two Sicilies, comprising Naples and the Island
of Sicily, have formed a separate independent monarchy since the year
1735, under the government of the House of Bourbon.
The government is nearly absolute ; and the nobility and clergy are
numerous, and oppressive to the people. The country is backward with
respect to agriculture, manufactures, and education.
There are 3 universities, Naples (1,365 students), Palermo (400 stu-
dents), and Catania (300 students).
274
GREECE.
[1839.
XIX. GREECE.
King.
OTHO I., King of Greece, second son of the King of Bavaria, b.
June 1, 1815, elected King of Greece Jan. 25, 1833; — m. Nov. 22,
1836, Amelia Maria, daughter of the Grand-Duke of Oldenburg.
In 1821, the Greeks revolted from the Turkish domination, asserted
independence, and established a republican government. Capo d'Istria
was elected President of Greece in 1827, and, in 1831, he was murdered.
In January the allied powers elected Otiio, the second son of the king
of Bavaria, then a minor, King of Greece (the crown having been pre-
viously refused by Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg), and in February,
1833, he arrived in Greece, accompanied by a council of regency, and
was acknowledged by the Greeks as their sovereign. In June, 1835,
Otho, being of age, took the direction of the affairs of State. It is
settled, that the children by his marriage with the Princess of Oldenburg
shall be educated in the Greek Church. The government is a consti-
tutional hereditary monarchy, with two legislative houses, a Senate*
and a House of Representatives.
Divisions.
Pop.
Towns.
Northern Greece, or Livadia,
Peloponnesus, or Morea,
The Islands, or Cyclades,
Total,
206,000
429,000
170,000
Athens, 15,000.
Nauplia, Patras.
Hydra, Syra.
811,000
The population is not correctly ascertained, and some reckon it less
than 700,000. A university has been founded at Athens, the capital.
Popular education is still in its infancy, (hough considerable has been
done to favor it. In 1835, there were only 4 newspapers; and in 1836
the number had increased to 12.
The principal commercial ports are Nauplia, Mesolonghi, Patras,
Galaxidi, and the islands of Syra, Hydra, and Spezia. The number of
Greek merchant vessels, in lb32, exceeded 1,000, exclusive of small
craft or coasting boats.
1839.]
TURKET.
275
XX. TURKEY.
Sultan and his Family.
MAHMOUD II., Grand Seignior and Sultan of the Ottoman Empire ;
\ b. July 20, 1785 j succeeded his brother the Sultan Mustapha, July 28,
1828.
1. Salyka, Sultaness; b. June 16, 1811 ; — m. 1834, Khabil Ruf'at
Pacha, Grand Master of Artillery. — 2. Abdul-Medjid, Sultan, Prince
Imperial, b. April 20, 1823. — 3. Hadidja, Sultaness, b. Sept. 5, 1825.
— 4. Mila, Sultaness, b. May 21, 1826. — 5. Abdul-Miz, Sultan, b,
Feb. 8, 1830. —6. Kliairiie, Sultaness, b. Jan. 23, 1831.
Divisions.
Population.
Capitals.
Pop.
Romania or Rum-Ili,
5,1 53,00(1
Cwnstantinople,
507,500
Bosnia,
560,000
Bosna-Serai,
68,000
Djezzar Pacha in Europe & Asia^
1,620,700
Island of Candia,
270,000
Candia,
15,000
Tributaries.
Wallachia, i Governed by their C
950.000
Bucharest,
60,000
Moldavia, > own princes or hos- <
450,000
J assy,
27,000
Servia, 3 podars. (
1,000,000
Belgrade,
30,000
10,003,700
Asiatic Turkey,
10,000,400
Possessions in Africa,
Total,
3,214,4(10
23,::{07,500
The population of the different parts of the Turkish empire is here
given according to the Weimar Almanac ; but its accuracy is not to be
relied on.
The government is an hereditary despotism; and females are ex-
cluded from the throne. There is no hereditary nobility.
FOREIGN OBITUARY.
1837.
Feb. 5. — At Madras, Daniel Corrie, D. C. L., Bishop of Madras.
Tliis excellent man, whose name has been associated for many years
with the labors and efforts to promote Christianity in India, was a mem-
ber of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he took the degree of LL. B. in
1805. He was appointed archdeacon of Calcutta in 1823, and conse-
crated first Bishop of Madras in 1835.
March 8. — In London, aged 85, Joseph Jekil, F. R, S., senior King's
Counsel, and senior Bencher of the Inner Temple, for a considerable
time a member of Parliament, an eminent lawyer, and distinguished
particularly for wit
March 10. — In London, aged 72, Henry Thomas Colebrooke, F. R. S.,
Director of the Royal Asiatic Society, an eminent Oriental scholar, and
author of several works on Hindoo law and literature.
March 29. — In England, aged 42, Charles JS'icholson, a very eminent
performer on the flute, and author of many works for this instrument.
June 20. — At Windsor Castle, William IV., King of Great Britain,
in his 72d year. He was the 3d son of George III., and was born at St.
James's Palace, on the 21st of August, 17G5. In 1778, at the age of 13,
he entered as a midshipman, on board the Prince George, a 98 gun ship ;
was on the North American station during the American war; was
raised to the rank of Lieutenant in 1785, to that of Captain in 1786, to
that of Rear Admiral of the Blue in 1790, to that of Admiral of the
Fleet in 1811, and to that of Lord High Admiral in 1817. In 1789, he
was created Duke of Clarence; and on the death of his brother, George
IV., he succeeded to the throne on the 2Gth of June, 1830.
Ih 1791, the Duke of Clarence formed a connection with a fascinating
actress, Dota Bland, the natural daughter of Francis Bland, Esq., of the
county of Kerry, who had assumed the name of Mrs. Jordan, and had
lived under the protection of Richard Ford, Esq., by whom she had
three daughters. The Duke lived with Mrs. Jordan about 20 years, and
had by her ten children, five sons, and five daughters, who took the
name of Filzclarence ; and in 1816, Mrs. Jordan died, in indigence, at
St Cloud, near Paris, after having lived separate from the Duke about
five years.
In 1818, the Duke of Clarence married the Princess Adelaide-Louisa
Theresa-Caroline-Amelia, daughter of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Mei-
1839.] FOREIGN OBITUARY. 277
ningen, by whom he had two daughters, both of whom died in infancy.
The reign of William IV. was distinguished for various important
measures of reform in the government, some of the most important of
which were the Reform in Parliament, and the Abolition of Colonial
Slavery. After the death of the king, strong testimonies were borne in
Parliament to his merits by the Duke of Wellington, Earl Grey, and
Lords Melbourne, Brougham, &c. " I can bear testimony," said Earl
Grey, " to all those eminent qualities which my noble friend and
the noble Duke have both enumerated ; for a man more sincerely
devoted to the interests of his country, and better understanding
what was necessary for the attainment of that object, — more patient
in considering every circumstance connected with those interests, or in
the discharge of his duty on all occasions, there never did exist; and, if
ever there was a sovereign entitled to the character, his Majesty may
truly be styled ' a Patriot King.' "
June 29. — At Berlin, Prussia, aged 78, Hqfrath Aloysius Hirt, an
eminent archaeologist, distinguished for his attainments in literature and
the fine arts, one of whose chief works was one on the Architecture of
the Ancients.
Aug. 8. — In London, aged 65, John Laioless, once a celebrated Irish
agitator, who, for many years, acted a conspicuous part in the stormy
and exciting times of Irish politics.
Aug. 16. — Near London, William Danieli, R. A., engraver, and
editor, or publisher, of various works, among which are a " Picturesque
Voyage to India," " Zoography," " Animated Nature," " Voyage round
Great Britain," and the " Oriental Annual."
Sept. 5. — At his residence, the Bank's Cottage, near Durham, Eng.,
aged 98, Count Borowlas/d, the celebrated Polish dwarf His height
was short of 36 inches, though his person was of complete symmetry.
In former years he travelled on the continent, as well as in Great
Britain ; but, about 40 years before his death, he was persuaded by the
Prebendaries of Durham, to take up his residence in the above cottage
for life, and they engaged to allow him a handsome income, which was
continued till his death. He excelled as a wit and humorist ; was
acquainted with several languages; and his company was much courted.
He had brothers and sisters, some of whom were above six feet.
Aug. 24, — At Paris, aged 82, Baron Louis, formerly French Minister
of Finance, and President of the Court of Accounts ; a man of great
wealth.
August. — At Paris, aged 69, Charles Botta, a distinguished Italian
historian. He was born in 1768, at the small village of San Giorgio di
Canavese, in Piedmont, and was educated as a physician , but the break-
ing out of the French revolution caused him to turn his attention to the
study of politics and history. In 1794, he entered into the medical
24
278 FOREIGN OBITUARY. [1839.
service of the French army ; after Piedmont was incorporated with
France, in 1803, he was sent to Paris as a member of the legislative
body, and his residence continued afterwards in France ; and he lived
many years previous to his death, at Paris, in close retirement, on
account of ill health. Having previously published several works, he es-
tablished his reputation as an historian, by the publication of his "History
of the War of the Independence of the United States of America," in 1809.
He afterwards published " The History of Italy from 1769 to 1814," and
the " Continuation of Guicciardini's History to 1789," esteemed works of
high merit. In 1816, he published an heroic poem, entitled " II Camillo."
Sept. 8. — At Campagne Gros Jean, near Geneva, in Switzerland, in
his 75th year, S'/r Samuel Egerton Bridges, Bart., a laborious and
voluminous writer, in various branches of literature, as poetry, ro-
mance, politics, genealogy, and antiquities. He was a man of consider-
able talents and learning, but of irritable temper, repulsive manners,
and was wanting in sober discretion : his life was embittered by disap-
pointments, and his latter days especially by embarrassments,
Sept. 15 — At Poitobello, near Edinburgh, Rev. William Ritchie,
LL D., F. R. S., Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in the
London University College, and distinguished for his acquirements in
the various branches of natural philosophy.
Sept. 22. — In London, aged 57, David Unwins, M. D., distinguished
as a physician, and as a man of literature and science ; formerly editor
of the Medical Repository ; and author of works on Indigestion and In-
sanity, and of other medical treatises.
Oct. 5. — At Arenenberg, in Switzerland, aged 54, Hortense Eugenie,
Duchess of St. Leu, and ex-queen of Holland. She was the daughter of
Viscount Alexander de Beauharnais and Josephine Tascher de la Page-
rie, who was subsequently married to the emperor Napoleon. She was
married in 1802 to Louis Bonaparte, a political connection which was
very unhappy to both parties. Sh« had three sons, Napoleon Charles
(died 1807), Napoleon Louis (killed 1832), and Charles Louis Napoleon,
who attempted an insurrection at Strasburg in October, 1836.
Oct. 11. — In London, in his 72d year, Samuel Wesley, a distinguished
musician, nephew of the Rev. John Wesley, the founder of the Wesley-
an Methodism, son of the Rev. Charles Wesley, and brother of the great
musical genius, Charles Wesley. He was distinguished for superior
endowments of mind, and great moral excellences of character. " As a
musician his celebrity is greater on the continent than in his own coun-
try. His compositions are grand and masterly ; his melodies sweet,
varied, and novel ; his harmonies bold, imposing, unexpected, and sub-
lime ; his resources were boundless, and, when called upon to extem-
porize for half-a-dozen times during an evening, each fantasia was new,
fresh, and perfectly unlike the others.'' — Gent. Magazine.
1839.] FOREIGN OBITUARY. 279
Oct. 12. — Slain at the siege of Constantine, in Africa, aged 64,
Lieut.- General Count Damremont, Governor of the French possessions
in Africa, a distinguished military commander, and greatly respected for
his moderation, firmness, and ability as a governor.
Oct. 16, — At Paris, aged 84, Count Dumas, Peer of France, a Lieu-
tenant-General in the French army, and an old companion in arms of
General Lafayette.
Oct. 17. — At Weimar, Germany, in his 60th year, John Hummel, an
eminent musician and composer, and the founder of the modern school
of piano-forte music.
Nov, 4. — At Paris, aged nearly 70, Baron Albert, a celebrated phy-
sician, medical author, professor, and practitioner ; and author of nu-
merous works in his profession.
Nov. 9. — In London, John Linnet Bond, one of the most eminent
architects of the age.
Nov. 21. — At Rothley Temple, in Leicestershire, England, aged 79,
Thomas Babington, M. P. from 1800 to 1818, and a worthy man, who
warmly seconded Mr. Wilberforce in his efforts to abolish the slave-
trade.
Nov. 24. — At Dublin, at an advanced Sige, Bartholomew Lloyd, D. D.,
Provost of Trinity College, and President of the Royal Irish Academy .
a man of science and learning.
Dec. 5. — At Serampore, in his 70th yedir, James Mar shman, D. D.,
an eminent, learned, useful, and devoted Baptist missionary, whose
name was long connected with his respected associates, Carey and
Ward. He was the son of a poor English weaver, born at Westbury
Leigh, in Wiltshire, in 1768 ; educated at the Baptist Academy at Bris-
tol; and, in 1799, went to India as a missionary, and took up his resi-
dence at Serampore, in connection with Messrs. Carey and Ward. He
published, in 1S06, a Chinese Grammar, and a translation of the entire
Scriptures.
Dec. 29. — At Woodstock, England, in his 80th year, William Mavor,
D.D., author and compiler of numerous works, the first of which, '• The
Springs of Parnassus, or Poetic Miscellanies," was published in 1779.
Some of the most considerable are the '' Historical Account of Voyages
and Travels from the Time of Columbus to the Present Period," 1798-
1802, 25 vols. ; and the " Universal History, Ancient and Modern,"
1802, 25 vols., l8mo. Some of his works, formed for the purpose of edu-
cation, have been very popular and successful, particularly his " English
Spelling-Book," which has passed through between four and five hun-
dred editions.
280 FOREIGN OBITUARY. [1839.
1838.
Jan. 6.— In London, aged 67, Signor Stefano Egidio Petronj, Profes-
sor of the Italian language and literature, and author and editor of
various publications.
Jan. 13. — At Frankfort, Germany, aged about 54, Ferdinand Ries,
a distinguished composer and master of German music, and performer
on the piano-forte.
Jan. 13. — In London, in his 87th year, John Scott, Earl of Eldon,
D. C. L., F. R. S., and F. S. A., for nearly 25 years Lord High Chan-
cellor of England. He was born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, June 4,
1751 : was the younger brother of Wilham Scott, Lord Stowell ; and
was educated at University College, Oxford, of which he was elected
Fellow. He married at an early age, contrary to the advice of friends;
then applied himself with great assiduity to the study of the law ; be-
came a member of the Middle Temple in 1773; and, eight or ten years
afterwards, he rose into notice as an eminent lawyer. In 1783, he was
elected a member of Parliament, and attached himself to the party of
Mr. Pitt, to which he constantly adhered through life. In 1788, he was
appointed Solicitor-General, and knighted; in 1793, Attorney-General;
in 1799, Chief Justice of the Common Fleas, and raised to the Peerage,
as Baron Eldon ; in 1801, Lord High Chancellor of England, which
office he resigned Feb. 7, 1807, but was reappointed April 1, 1807, and
continued in office until 1827, being, altogether, nearly 25 years chan-
cellor, a longer period than any of his predecessors.
The highest testimonies have been borne to his merits as a profound
lawyer and an able and upright judge. Sir Samuel Romilly said of him,
in 1811, '' That there never was a man in the Court of Chancery, who
more endeared himself to the bar, or exhibited more humane attention
to the suitors. There never presided in that Court a man of more deep
and various learning in his profession ; and in anxiety to do justice, that
Court had never seen, he would not say the superior, but the equal, of
the Lord Chancellor. If he had a fault, it was an over-anxiety to do
justice."
His reported judgments are contained in 20 volumes. Nothing can
be conceived more dignified, more venerable, or naore benevolent, than
his appearance and conduct on the bench. In private life he is repre-
sented as one of the most exemplary and affectionate of men ; and his
private charities were very extensive. He left a great estate ; the per-
sona! property was sworn to be under £ 700,000 sterling.
Jan. 15. — In London, aged 67, Mrs. Bland, a celebrated vocalist.
Her maiden name was Maria Theresa Romani, and she was born of
Italian parents, at Caen, in France.
Jan. 17. — At Amsterdam, Dr. Moll, Professor of Mathematics and
1839.] FOREIGN OBITUARY. 28J
Natural Philosophy at the University of Utrecht, a man distinguished
for his learning and science.
Jan. 24. — In London, aged 89, John Reeve, a comedian.
Jan. 26. — At Great Horkesley, Essex, England, in his 76th year,
William Ward, D. D., Bishop of Sodor and Man.
Feb. 9. — At Glasgow, Sir Daniel Keyie Sandford, Professor of Greek
in the University of Glasgow, and a distinguished scholar.
Feb. 2]. — At Paris, in his 60th year. Baron Oniony Isaac Sylvestre
de Sacy, Member of the Academy of Inscriptions, Knight of the Legion
of Honor, and Peer of France, but principally renowned for his exten-
sive critical knowledge, particularly in the Oriental languages and
literature ; esteemed, in this department of learning, the first scholar
of his age. He w^as the author of various learned works.
Feb. 24. — At Leipsic, Cail Heinrich Ludwig Politz, Professor in the
University of Leipsic, and an eminent writer on statistics, history, and
politics.
March 12. — At Truro, England, aged 78, Rev. Richard Polewhele, a
voluminous writer in prose and verse.
March 21. — At Dalhousie Castle, near Edinburgh, aged 67, George
Ramsay, Earl of Dalhousie, a General in the army, and late Governor-
General of Canada.
March 24. — At Chelsea, England, in his 73d year, Thomas Mtttoood,
organist and composer; eminent in his profession, and much esteemed
as a man.
March 28. — In London, in his 74th year, Thomas Morton^ one of the
most successful of modern dramatists.
April 3. — At St. Jago de Cuba, in Cuba, Dr. Antomarchi, formerly
physician to Bonaparte on the island of St. Helena.
April 12. — At Munich, in his 42d year. Dr. Mohler, a learned oppo-
nent of Protestantism, and author of " Athanasius der Grosse und seine
Zeit," and " Symbolik, oder Darstellung der dogmatischen Gegensatze
Katholiken und Protestanten."
April 17. — At Jena, the Baroness Schopenhauer, a woman of talent
and celebrity, and author of various works, which were collected, in
1834, in 24 volumes.
May 17. — At Paris, in his 84th year. Prince Talleyrand, one of ihe most
distinguished statesmen and diplomatists of modern times, whose name
has been intimately associated with French politics since the commence-
ment of the revolution in 1789. Charles Maurice de Talleyrand Perigord
was born at Paris in 1754, received an ecclesiastical education at the
Seminary St. Sulpice, was consecrated Bishop of Autun in 1788, was
elected deputy of the clergy of his diocese to the States- General in 1789,
and was elected President in 1790. He soon after consecrated the first
constitutional bishops, and for this was excommunicated by Pope Pius VI.
24*
282 FOREIGN OBITUARY. [1839.
He resigned his bishopric, was elected a irember of the Directory, and,
in 1792, was sent on a secret mission to England ; the same year he
came to the United States, where he remained till 1796, when he was
recalled by the Convention, and, in 1797, was appointed Minister of
Foreign Affairs. In 1802, he was released by the Pope from his eccle-
siastical ties, and soon after married Madame Grandt, of Hamburgh,
In 1805, he was elevated by the Emperor Napoleon to the rank of Prince
of Benevento, and Grand Chamberlain of the Empire ; but the Emperor
soon after became alienated from him, in consequence of Talleyrand's
opposition to his aggressions in Spain. After the downfall of Bonaparte,
he was, in 1814, appointed President of the provisional government till
the arrival of the Count d'Artois ; was French Commissioner at the
Congress of Vienna ; and on the final return of Louis XVIH., in 1815,
he resumed, for a short time, the portfolio of Foreign Affairs, as Presi-
dent of the Council. Afler the revolution of July, 1830, he was sent
to England as Ambassador, where he remained till 1835. ''His rare
firmness of character," says the Constitutionnel, "and his imperturbable
saner froid, enabled him to assume over others at least some portion of
the empire which he exerted over himself. It was impossible to exert
more influence over an assembly of diplomatists than that for which
Talleyrand was indebted to his superior mind, his infinite resources,
and his elegant language."
AMERICAN OBITUARY.
The names are arranged alphabetically for the sake of convenient reference,
1837.
Dec. 25. — At Philadelphia, aged 67, John Austin, T\I. D., a native of
Barbadoes, formerly a surgeon in the British army, and a practitioner in
Barbadoes and Demarara ; a man much esteemed.
Nov. 6. — At Fort Moultrie, near Charleston, S. C, aged 80, Captain
Richard Bohun Baker, the last survivor of the band of heroes engaged
in the defence of that post during the revolutionary war.
Nov. 22. — At Hebron, Me , in his 82d year, William Barroics, who
was in the battles of Bunker Hill, Long Island, and Trenton,
Oct. 23. — At New York, aged 45, Richard Bartlett, formerly Secre-
tary of State of New Hampshire.
Sept. 28. — Near Boonville, Missouri, David Barton, a senator in Con-
gress from 1821 to 1831, and a man of distinguished talents.
Sept. 11. — At New Orleans, aged 32, Washington Beck, formerly of
Georgetown, D. C, much esteemed for his intelligence and virtues.
1839.] AMERICAN OBITUARY. 283
Aug. 20. — At Philadelphia,, aged 40, Benj. S. Bonsall, Marshal of the
Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
Dec. 5. — At Paris, France, aged 30, Dunscourt Bradford, Vice-consul
of the United States; formerly of New York, a man much esteemed.
Dec— At Dardanelles, Arkansas, aged about 57, Colonel David Brearly,
a native of New Jersey, formerly of the United States army, and late
Indian agent; and a distinguished officer in the last war with England.
Sept. 17. — At Boston, Ohio, aged 104, Henry Brown, a soldier of the
Revolution, who was in the battle of Bunker Hill and other engagements.
Aug. 28. — At Frankfort, Ken., aged 80, John Broione, U. S. Senator
from Kentucky, in 1792- 1805.
July 23. — At Otsego, N. Y., aged 58, Rudolph Bunner, M. C. from
the State of New York in 1827-9.
Sept. — In Adams Co., Mp., in his 74th year, ArUhony Campbell, Zk
native of Ireland, formerly a captain in the U. S. army, and afterwards
Marshal of the district of Mississippi, a man of talents, and a ready
writer.
Sept. 9. — At Lynn, Mass., aged 81, Colonel Ahner Cheever, who was
of the revolutionary army, and one of the minute men at Lexington, in
1775.
Dec. 15. — At Gosport, Va., in his 85th year. Captain John Cox, who
was, in the early part of the revolutionary war, commissioned as a Cap-
tain in the naval service of Virginia, and was one of the most distin-
guished and efficient patriots during the contest.
Dec. 21. — In the city of New York, aged 74, James Be Wolfe, late of
Bristol, R. I., and United States senator in 1821 -5.
Sept. 10. — At New Brunswick, N. J., aged 65, Daniel W. Dishorough,
formerly cashier of the State Bank at that place.
Dec. 17. — At Harlem, N. Y., aged 81, John Doughty, a patriot of the
Revolution.
Auo-. 18. — At Clinton, Mp. Major Benjamin W. Edicards, a candi-
date for the office of Governor of the State at the time of his death.
Sept. 25. —At Warrensburg, N. Y., Dudley Farlin, M. C. in 1835-7.
]v^ov. 1. — At Concord, N. H., aged 97, Captain Joseph Farnum, a sol-
dier of the French and revolutionary wars.
Nov. 11. — At Boston, of apoplexy, Thomas Green Fessenden, edi-
tor of the New England Farmer, a man of amiable character, exten-
sive information, and considerable literary acquirements. He. was grad-
uated at Dartmouth College in 1796. He was the author of the satirical
poems, entitled " Terrible Tractoration," and " Democracy Unveiled,"
and of various works on agriculture.
Sept. 25. — At Lexington, Mass., aged 85, Dr. Joseph Fiske, a worthy
man, who served through the revolutionary war as surgeon.
Sept. 12. — At Newark, N. J., William Gaston, a highly respected
merchant of Savannah, Georgia,
284 AMERICAN OBITUARY. [1839.
Oct 28. — At New York, aged 71, Rosewell Graves, M. D., a man
much respected.
Sept. 12. — In Mississippi, Cyrus Griffin, formerly of'Andover, Mass.,
for some time a lawyer at Natchez, afterwards editor of the '' Southern
Galaxy " at that place ; and subsequently of a paper printed at Vicks-
burg.
Nov. 8. — At Newark, N. J., Edward Dorr Griffin, D. D., in his 68th
year. He was born at East Haddam, Conn., in 1770, graduated at Yale
College in 1790, was installed, in 1801, as colleague of the Rev. Dr.
McWhorter, then pastor of the Presbyterian church at Newark, was in-
augurated Professor of Sacred Rhetoric in the Theological Seminary at
Andover in 1808, was installed the first minister of Park Street church,
in Boston, in 1811, returned to Newark and became pastor of the 2d
Presbyterian church in 1815, was elected President of Williams College
in 1821, which office he held till 1836, when he resigned on account of
ill health, and again returned to Newark, and resided in the family of
his son-in-law, Dr. L. A. Smith, till his death,
"Thus has passed away," says the Newark Daily Advertiser, " one
of the first of men : such a man as this world seldom sees in the promi-
nent characteristics of both his mind and person, as well as in the pecu-
liar qualities of his heart. He was altogether of a more princely mould
than even the majority of the great men of his day. As a preacher he
possessed a liberal portion of all the faculties and qualities which fit men
to subserve the great interests of society upon a large scale. Few ever
excelled him in the pulpit. As a speaker and as a writer, he had singular
power to enlighten and persuade, to please, to charm, to astonish. He
united the decorations that belong to fine talents to the penetration and
judgment that designate an acute and solid mind."
Aug. 31. — In Washington Co., Pa., aged 84, John Hamilton, formerly
High Sheriff of the county, and M. C. in 1805 - 7,
July 21. — In Greenville District, S. C, aged 47, Thomas Harrison,
lately Comptroller-general of S. C.
Sept. — At Hereford, Md., aged 60, Rev. Andrew Hemphill, an eminent
itinerant Methodist minister.
Oct. 12. — At New York, aged 60, Samiiel Hicks, a member of the
Society of Friends, and an eminent merchant.
Sept. 13. — At Natchez, Mp., Rev. Orramel S. Hinckley, Professor of
Languages in Oakland College. He graduated at Dartmouth College
in 1819.
Oct. 8. — At Geneva, N. Y., aged 65, Samuel M. Hopkins, an eminent
lawyer, and much respected as a philanthropist and a christian. He
was graduated at Yale College in 1791, and was a member of Congress
in 1813-15.
Dec. 2. — In Goochland Co., Va., aged 62, Br. Andrew Kean, one of
the most eminent physicians of Virginia,
1839.] .AMERICAN OBITUARY. 285
Sept. 1, — At Perth Amboy, N. J., aged 52, Francis Kearney, an emi-
nent engraver.
Nov. 24. — Near his residence, in the vicinity of Bladensburg, Md.,
in his 59lh year. Dr. Joseph Kent, United States senator from Maryland.
He was born, in 1779, in Calvert Co., Md., was educated as a physician,
and combined the practice of his profession with the successful pursuit
of agriculture, first in Calvert Co., and afterwards in Prince George Co.
He was a M. C. in 1811-15, and in 1821-26; Governor of the State
of Maryland in 1826 - 9 ; and a United States senator in 1833-7. He
was a man greatly respected and esteemed for his public and private
virtues.
Oct, (about 14.) — At New Orleans, the Rev. Jldam Klndeldon, the
founder of the Catholic Association for the relief of destitute male
orphans, greatly esteemed as a most benevolent and devoted philanthro-
pist and minister.
Sept. 20. — At Washington, D. C, aged 62, John Lamb, chief clerk
of the ofSce of the first Comptroller of the Treasury.
Sept. 27. — At Jackson, Mp., in his 39th year, Edward D. Learned, a
native of Maine, and a graduate of Bowdoin College, a man much
esteemed.
Nov. 7.— At Alton, Illinois, aged 35, killed in a riot, Ren, ElijaJi P. Love-
joy, the editor of the " Jllion Observer,'' an anti-slavery newspaper. He
was born in Maine in 1802, graduated at Waterville College in 1826, li-
censed to preach by the Philadelphia presbytery in 1833, and the same
year he commenced publishing the " St. Louis Observer," a newspaper
in which he attacked slavery, and which caused his ofiice to be mobbed
in 1836. He soon reestablished his paper at Alton, and had his press
destroyed in August, 1837 ; he then procured another, which was
destroyed in September ; a third press was procured, and Mr. Lovejoy
and his friends armed themselves to defend it. On the night of the 7th
of November, it was attacked by a riotous mob, and the editor was shot
dead, after having himself shot one of the assailants, and several other
persons were wounded in the lamentable and disgraceful aifray.
Sept. 8. — In Albemarle Co., Va., aged 85, Mrs. Lucy Marks, the
mother of Meriwether Lewis, who, with William Clarke, explored the
Rocky Mountains; a woman of uncommon energy and strength of
mind.
Aug. 27. — At Jackson, Mp., Charles C. May son, Treasurer of the
State ; a native of S, C, and a man of talents and integrity,
Nov. 12. — Near Nashville, Tenn., aged 75, John McJVairy, late Judge
of the Circuit Court of the United States for the district of Tennessee,
an office which he held 45 years.
Sept. 29. — In Preble Co., Ohio, J. H. W. McNutt, lately a distin-
ffuished member of the Ohio senate.
286 AMERICAN OBITUARY. . [1839.
Sept. 17. — In Washington, D. C, Bernard J. Miller, for several years
Surgeon-major in the Columbian navy.
Oct. 14. — At Dorchester, Mass., aged 87, Perez Morton, who was for
many years Attorney-general of Massachusetts.
Aug. 18. — At Mobile, Alabama, aged 41, George W. Owen, M. C.
from Alabama in 1823 - 29, formerly Speaker of the Alabama House of
Representatives and Mayor of Mobile. He was a man of superior tal-
ents, and was highly respected for his virtues and public usefulness.
Oct. 16. — At South Scituate, Gushing Otis, M. D., much respected
as a man and a physician.
Nov. 10. — At Troy, N. J., Colonel Albert Pawling, aged 88. He was
an officer in the revolutionary army, engaged in several battles; was
the first sheriff of the county of Rensselaer, and the first mayor of the
city of Troy.
Sept. 19. — At Clinton, Fauquier Co., Va., aged 83, Captain William
Payjie, who commanded the Falmouth Blues for several years in the
early part of the revolutionary war ; and a company of volunteers at
the siege of York town.
Dec. 15. — At Philadelphia, aged 70, Philip Sing Physic, M. D., a
physician and surgeon of great eminence, and long a celebrated Pro-
fessor of Anatomy and Surgery in the University of Pennsylvania.
Nov. 11. — At Conway, N. H., Kathaniel Porter, D. D., aged 92. He
graduated at Harvard College in 1768.
Oct. 9. — Lost by the wreck of the steamboat Home, near Ocracoke,
with about 100 others, Oliver H. Prince, of Georgia, a member of the
United States senate from that State in 1828 - 9, a man highly esteemed
for his talents, learning, and virtues. He had been superintending an
edition of the Laws of Georgia, during the summer, in Boston.
Aug. 20. — At Pompton, N. Y., aged 85, Martin J. Ryerson, for many
years owner of extensive iron- works, a man much respected.
Aug. 20. — In Tennessee, James Standifer, M. C. from Tennessee in
1823 - 5 ; also from 1829 till his death.
Dec. 8. — At Princeton, N. J., aged 77, Br. Ebenezer Stockton, an emi-
nent physician.
Nov. 2. — At Baltimore, aged 50, Richard C. Stockton, of the firm of
Stockton and Stokes, extensive mail-contractors and stage-owners.
Sept. 5. — At Springfield, N. Y., aged 75, Francis Sykes, a soldier of
the Revolution, and a man much esteemed.
Dec. 25. — In Florida, fell in an engagement with the Indians, aged
45, Lieut.- Col. Alexander Ramsay Thompson, of the United States army,
much respected as an officer, and as a man of exemplary and religious
character.
July 22. — In Kanawha Co., Va., aged 71, Philip R. Thompson, M. C.
from Virginia in 1801 - 7.
1839.] AMERICAN OBITUARY. 287
Dec. 5. — At Exeter, N. H., aged 94, Joseph Tilton, M. D., a surgeon
in the army of the Revolution.
Sept. 27.— At Newport, R. I., aged 62, Dr. William Turner, a surgeon
in the United States army.
Dec. 28. — At Norwich, Vt., aged 36, E. B. Williston, formerly Presi-
dent of Jefferson College, in Mississippi.
1838.
March 26. — In Missouri, at the house of Dr. Morse, a few miles
from Boonville, General William H. Ashley, of St. Louis, first Lieutenant-
Governor of Missouri, after its admission into the Union, and M. C. in
1831 -3, a man highly respected for his great enterprise, talents, integrity,
and principle ; and for his many virtues both in public and private life.
He was born in Powhatan Co., Va , and about 30 years ago he migrated
to Missouri (then Upper Louisiana), and settled near the Lead Mines.
In 1822, he projected the scheme of the " Mountain Expedition," by
uniting the Indian trade in the Rocky Mountains with the hunting and
trapping business. He enlisted about 300 hardy men in the business,
and, after various successes and reverses, having sustained numerous
losses by Indian robbery and river disasters, he and his associates real-
ized a handsome fortune.
April. — At Eden, N. Y., aged 90, Tkeophilus Baker, a native of Yar-
mouth, Mass., and a patriot of the Revolution.
June 30. — At Charlestown, Mass., of paralysis, Loammi Baldwin.
He was graduated at Harvard University in 1800, and was afterwards
educated to the bar ; but he abandoned the profession, devoted himself
to engineering, and became one of the most distinguished civil engi-
neers that America has produced. Many public works constructed
under his direction attest his skill, among which are the Dry Docks at
the navy yards at Charlestown and near Norfolk. In private life he
was much esteemed, and his death was deeply lamented by a large
circle of friends.
April 2. — At Worcester, Mass., Edicard D. Bangs, a man much re-
spected, and for many years Secretary of the State of Massachusetts.
April 21. — At Haverhill, N. H., in his 90th year, Israel Bartlett, a.
highly respectable citizen, several years a member of the State senate.
He was in the revolutionary army, and present at the surrender of
General Burgoyne.
April 14. — At Stratham, N. H., aged 70, Dr. Josiah Bartlett, M. C.
from New Hampshire in 1811 - 13. He was the son of Josiah Bartlett,
of Kingston, the first Governor of New Hampshire under the constitu-
tion ; was a physician of extensive practice, and much respected and
esteemed.
398 AMERICAN OBITUARY. [1839.
March 25. — Near Zebulon, in Pike Co., Georgia, in his 76th year,
Captain Solomon Beckman, a revolutionary officer ; a man much re-
spected for his public services, and for his exemplary and religious
character.
July 16. — At Hardwick, Mass., aged 100, Asahd Billings, a Lieuten-
ant in the revolutionary war, and at the capture of Burgoyne.
Feb. 14. — In Monmouth Co., N. J., Andrew Blanchard, in his 100th
year.
March 16. — At Boston, aged 65, Nathaniel Boicditcli, LL. D., F. R. S.,
President of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was
born at Salem, March 26th, 1773 ; and his father and ancestors, in sev-
eral generations, were by profession shipmasters. On account of the
straitened circumstances of his parents, he had no other advantages of
education than were afforded by the common town schools of that
period ; and he was taken from school at the early age of ten years.
At the age uf 12 or 13, he was placed as an apprentice, or clerk, in a
ship-chandler's shop, where he remained till he was 21. In his 22d year
(1795), he went to sea in the capacity of captain's clerk ; and he spent
about 9 years in a seafaring life, during which he made five voyages,
four of them to the East Indies; first as captain's clerk, afterwards as
supercargo, and finally as master. After relinquishing his nautical life,
he became, in 1804, President of a Marine Insurance Company, in
Salem, which station he held till 1823, when, on the establishment of
the Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance Company in Boston, his
talents being deemed indispensable in its organization and management,
he was induced to leave his native place, and take the charge of the
institution, in the responsible and laborious office of Actuary, the duties
of which he continued to perform till his death. Such is the outline of
the life of Dr. Bowditch, who, notwithstanding his very limited advan-
tages of education, and his engagement, through life, in laborious em-
ployments for the support of his family, yet, by his extraordinary
genius, and his almost equally extraordinary economy of time, made
great acquisitions in learning and science, gained a knowledge of the
Latin, Greek, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and German lan-
guages, made himself the most eminent mathematician and astronomer
that America has produced, and did more for the reputation of his coun-
try among men of science abroad, than has been done by any other man,
except, perhaps, Dr. Franklin.
Dr. Bowditch's first publication was his well-known " Practical Navi-
gator," of which the first edition appeared in 1802, while the author was
engaged in a seafaring life, in the capacity of supercargo. From that
period it has been the standard work on t.he subject ; and, in point of
practical utility, it is esteemed one of the most valuable works extant.
Among his scientific labors were numerous and important communica-
tions to the Memoirs of the American Academy ; but the great work
1839.] AMERICAN OBITUARY. 289
upon which his fame as a man of science will principally rest, is his
copious and profound Commentary upon the Micanique Celeste of La
Place, of which he made the first entire translation, and which he has
elucidated in a manner that commands the admiration of men of science.
This Translation and Commentary comprise four large quarto volumes,
printed in an elegant style. The first volume was published in 1829,
and he read the last proof sheets of the fourth a few days before
his death. The manner in which this work was published, being
entirely at his own expense, is a remarkable indication of his spirit of
independence, and of his liberal zeal for science. As it is a work whicli
can be read and understood but by few, he refused to have it published
by subscription or at the expense of others, but chose to wait till he
could afford to sustain the expense himself; and he remarked, that he
would rather expend a thousand dollars a year in this way, than by
keeping a carriage.
Dr. Bowditch was held in liigh estimation throughout the learned
world as a man of science ; and in social life, he was regarded by his
connections and friends with the strongest feelings of attachment. He
had an ardent love for domestic enjoyments, and was never happier
than at his own fireside, with his family and friends around him. He
was distinguished for his strict integrity and unsullied purity of charac-
ter; for extraordinary energy and perseverance in whatever he under-
took; for a deportment, to an uncommon degree, unaffected and simple;
for great sincerity, frankness, and ardor of feeling; and for the wonder-
ful activity and rapidity of the movements and operations both of mind
and body. He has been emphatically characterized as a " live man " :
quickness and activity marked all his habits, faculties, affections, and
sensibilities : there was nothing dormant or sluggish about him.
When apprized, a few weeks before his death, that his disease must
terminate fatally, he expressed his gratitude to a kind Providence, that
had crowned him with innumerable blessings, and his entire resignation,
and willingness to depart. The remaining interval he employed, as far
as he was able, in arranging his oSicial and private affairs, and receiving
the last visits of his near friends ; and during liis illness, he maintained
his accustomed cheerfulness. The following notice of the close of his
life is extracted from Mr. Young's " Discourse." He did not like to
see those about him look sad and gloomy ; and he remarked, on one
occasion, " I feel no gloom within me ; why should you wear it in your
faces." On the morning of his death, when his sight was very dim and
his voice almost gone, he called his children to his bed-side, and, arrang-
ing them in the order of age, pointed to and addressed each by name,
and said, " You see I can distinguish you all ; and now I give you my
parting blessing. The time is come. Lord, now lettestthou thy servant
depart in peace, according to thy word." These were his last words.
25
290 AMERICAN OBITUARY. [1839.
May. — At Philadelphia, aged 94, Thomas Bradford^ long known as a
distinguished printer, editor, and publisher. He was successor to Dr.
Franklin as editor, and entered on the business in 1763. During the
revolutionary war, he was Com^nissary-general to the Pennsylvania
division, and printer to the Continental Congress.
May 7. — At Washington, D. C, Ahrahavi Bradley , for many years
Assistant Postmaster-general.
July 6. — At Concord, N. H., in his 20th year, Cyrus Parker Bradley,
a young man remarkable for his acquirements and precocity of genius.
At the age of 16, he edited the " Literary Gazette," published at Con-
cord.
April 7. — At New Market, N. H., aged 67, Rev, John Brodhead, a
minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church 44 years, and M. C. from
New Hampshire in 1829-33. He was much respected and esteemed
both for his public and private character.
May 19. — At Greenfield, Conn., aged 77, Isaac Brownson, a wealthy
citizen of the city of New York.
July. — At Ithaca, N. Y., Aadreic D. W. Bruyn, M. C. from the State
of New York.
July 19. — At VVaterbury, Vt , aged about 77, Ezra Butler, who was
M. C. from Vermont in 1813-15, and Governor of the State in 1826-7.
May 26 — At Philadelphia, in his 108th year, William Butler, reputed
the oldest man in the city.
March 14. — At Washington, Timothy J. Carter, of Paris, Me., M. C.
from Oxford district, Maine.
Feb. 24. — At Bladensburg, Md., aged 35, Jonathan Cilley, of Thomas-
ton, Me., M. C. from Maine, and formerly Speaker of the House of
Representatives of that State. He fell, at the third fire, in a duel fought
with William J. Graves, M. C. from Kentucky, with rifles, at 80 yards'
distance.
May 12. — At St. John's, New Brunswick, upwards of 80, General
John CoJJin, a native of Boston, and a brother of Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin,
Feb. 2. — In Stafford Co, Va., John Coulter, formerly a Judge of the
Circuit Court and Court of Appeals of Virginia.
Jan. 9. — At Staunton, Va., aged 36, John J. Craig, a man much re-
spected ; distinguished for his talents as a lawyer, and member of the
legislature.
Aug. IS. — In New York city, in his 92d year, Lorenzo Da Ponte, an
Italian by birth, but long a resident in the city of New York; distin-
guished for his attainments, particularly in Italian literature and art,
and author of various publications, among which are some celebrated
operas.
Aug. 3. — At Oxford, Mass., aged 77, General Jonathan Davis, who
was for a long time a Justice of the Court of Sessions, and sustained vari-
ous other public offices.
w
1839.] AMERICAN OBITUARY. 291
Feb 22. — At Boston, Mass., in his 83d year, Benjamin Dearborn, a
man of science and respectability, and author of a number of useful inven-
tions, of which the most important is the Patent Balance.
April 22. — At Hudson, Ohio, Samuel F. Dickinson^ aged 63. He was
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795, and was formerly a respectable
lawyer of Amherst, Mass.
July 14. — Near St. Louis, Missouri, shot by an assassin, Thomas M.
Dougherty , one of the Judges of St. Louis County Court.
March 6. — At Providence, R. L, V'dette Easton, a colored woman,
supposed to be 110 years of age.
Aug. 1. — At Newton, Conn., aged 80, William Edmond, {orxner\y a
Judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut.
Jan. 4. — In Montgomery Co., Va, aged 105, Captain Robert Elliott,
an officer of the Revolution.
Aug. 13. — At Concord, N. H., in his 50th year, John Farmer, Corre-
sponding Secretary of the Hew Hampshire Historical Society, member of
various other literary and historical societies, one of the most distinguished
antiquaries that this country has produced, and a man of a highly estimable
character. He was born at Chelmsford, Mass., June 12, 1789. in 1805,
he entered as a clerk in a store at Amherst, N. H., in which he passed five
years. He was afterwards employed several years in teaching school ; and
in 1821, he removed to Concord, and was for several years engaged in the
business of an apothecary. But, frojn his first residence at Concord, he
devoted his attention chiefly to what had become his favorite pursuits and
studies. He inherited a very frail constitution, was an invalid from his
youth, and passed most of his time within doors, having always a very
feeble and sickly appearance. His numerous publications evince the extent
• and accuracy of his knowledge, to a degree that is truly surprising, espe-
cially when considered in connection with his very feeble health, and his
unfavorable situation, always remote from large libraries. Among his pub-
lications are his Histories of Billerica (1816), and Amherst (1820)," Gazet-
teer of New Hampshire " (1823, in conjunction with Jacob B. Moore), an
edition of Belknap's " History of New Hampshire," " A Genealogical Regis-
ter of the First Settlers of New England," and communications to the " His-
torical Collections" of the Historical Societies of Massachusetts and New
Hampshire, and to the '' American Quarterly Register" ; and he was also
the compiler, for about 16 years, of the " New Hampshire Register."
An intelligent correspondent thus speaks of him. " He evinced a mem-
ory wondei fully tenacious of particular tacts, dates, and names ; sound
judgment in selecting and arranging his materials, and an exquisite niceness
and exactness in all his details. He collected around him books of ancient
date, early records of towns, and notices of the first settlers of the coun-
try ; inquired into facts relating to the history, ages, characters, and deaths,
of distinguished men of every profession ; entered into an extensive corre-
292 AMERICAN OBITUARY. [1839.
spondence with persons who might be able to afford him information on
subjects of his inquiry ; and became known as an antiquary, distinguished
above all others for his minute and exact knowledge relating to the history
of New Hampshire, and in general of New England. Among his publi-
cations, the most important are his edition of Belknap's " History of New
Hampshire," published in 1831, containing a body of notes and illustra-
tions, scarcely less valuable than the text itself; and his " Genealogical
Register of the First Settlers of New England," pubhshed in 1829, a work
of vast labor and research. This may be called his great work, on account
of the quantity of matter contained in it, and especially on account of the
difficulty of tracing out branches of families without a regular genealogy.
Had he published nothing else, this would remain a lasting monument of
his industry, patient research, and marvellous accuracy. For some time
previous to his death he had been engaged in arranging the State Papers
in the public offices at Concord, masses of which, containing the old Pro-
vince and Council Records, and Revolutionary Papers, lay apparently in
inextricable confusion. These he had arranged and bound in volumes,
supplying omissions, and transcribing papers that were scarcely legible; so
that now the Stale has a very complete set of its early Records. Mr.
Farmer has left some original manuscripts, in an unfinished state, which, it
is understood, will go to the " New Hampshire Historical Society."
Aug. 15. — At Sturbridge, Mass., aged 50, Josiah J. Fiske, of Wrentham,
a man much respected, and for several years a State senator.
June 5. — At Reading, Mass., Colonel Daniel Flint, aged 78.
May 25. — At Dorchester, Mass., Jethro Gardiner, a colored man, sup-
posed to be upwards of 100 years old. I
June 30. — In Whitley Co., Ken., Captain Charles Gatliff, aged about '
90, He was an early adventurer in Kentucky, was appointed a captain of
Martin's Station in 1780, sewed in most of the campaigns in Kentucky,
and was much esteemed for his services and character.
May 27. — At New York, aged 67, Frederick W. Geisscnhainer, D. D.,
a Lutheran pastor.
Jan. 24. — In Gwinnett Co., Georgia, in his 109th year, Joseph Gouge,
a native of Virginia, and a soldier of the Revolution.
May 11. — At Litch6eld, Conn., in his 68th year, James Gould, LL. D.,
an eminent jurist. He was a native of Branford, Conn. ; graduated at Yale
College in 1791; became distinguished in early life as a lawyer; was
raised to the office of Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, from
which office he was displaced by the adoption of the new constitution in
1818; was for many years associated with Judge Tapping Reeve, as a
Professor in the Law School at Litchfield, and after the death of Judge
Reeve he continued to conduct the school till within a few years of his
death, when the state of his health required him to relinquish it.
" In his manners he was an accomplished gentleman of the old school ;
1839.] AMERICAN OBITUARY. 293
in his family one of the most amiable and affectionate of men ; and in the
social circle one of the most refined and agreeable companions. His
mind was richly stored with the treasures, not of his profession only, but of
the ancient and modern classics, and also of the elegant literature of the
day."
Feb. 12. — In New York, aged 57, Charles Graham, a distinguished
lawyer and respectable citizen.
July. — At Bean's Station, Tennessee, by suicide, Peter W. Grayson,
Minister-Plenipotentiary from Texas to the United States. He was a
native of Kentucky.
Feb. 6. — At Palmyra, N. Y., Trueman Halt, formerly a member of the
New York senate.
July 14. — At Cape Island, N. J., drowned, ./Albert M. Hale, an eminent
and respected merchant of Philadelphia.
May 18. — At Newark, N. J., aged 83, James Hedden, an active officer
of the New Jersey militia during the revolutionary war, and a man much
respected.
May. — At New Haven, Conn., aged 63, General Hezekiah Howe, a
man much respected and esteemed, and long known as an eminent book-
seller.
June 18. — At New Haven, Conn., Thomas Hubbard. M, D., Piofessor
of Surgery in the Medical Department of Yale College.
Jan. 12. — In Delaware Co., Pa., in his 87th year, Joshua Humphreys,
formerly of Philadelphia, and a distinguished ship-builder. He was a
member of the Society of Friends, and a man greatly respected. The
frigate United States was built under his direction, and the Constitution,
President, Congress, and Constellation, were built from his drawings,
March 15. — In New York city, aged 60, John T. Irving, Presiding
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas iu the city.
April 18. — At Providence, R. I., aged 74, Richard S. Jackson, M. C.
from Rhod3 Island in 1808- 15. In early life he was extensively engaged
in mercantile business, and was among the first who embarked in the cotton
manufacture in this country. He subsequently filled several important
public offices, and was associated with many literary, benevolent, and
religious institutions. He was distinguished for his sound judgment, re-
tentive memory, great fund of useful knowledge, unwavering integrity, and
exemplary religious character,
April 8. — In Washington City, D. C, drowned in the Washington Canal,
John, commonly called the " old negro John," aged 115 years.
April IS. — At New Orleans, Jumper, a distinguished chief of the Semi-
nole Indians. He was, in company with other Indians, on his way to the
western country.
April 11. — At Pembroke, N. H., Joseph Horace Kimball, of Concord,
formerly editor of the " Herald of Freedom." He and the Rev. J. A.
25*
294 AMERICAN OBITUARY. [1839.
Thome were sent by the American Anti-slavery Society as agents to the
West Indies, in 1837, and they were the authors of the work, entitled the
" Emancipation of the West Indies, a Six Months' Tour in Antigua, Barba-
does, and Jamaica."
July 8. — At Hopkinton, Mass., Colonel Samuel L. Enapp, lately of
the city of New York, formerly a lawyer of Newburyport and afterwards of
Boston. He was a man of benevolent and generous character, of various
literary acquirements, and was the author of a number of biographical
works, and other publications in the lighter departments of literature.
May 9. — At Newton, Mass., suddenly of the small pox, in his 40th year,
Rev. James Davis Knowles, Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Pastoral
Duties in the Newton Theological Seminary. He was born at Providence?
R. I., July, 1793. He was bred a printer, and on attaining the age of 21
he became joint editor of the '' Rhode Island American." In March, 1820.
he was admitted as a member of the first Baptist Church in Providence,
and, in the succeeding November, was licensed to preach. From childhood
he had shown a great love of learning, and uncommon facility in acquiring
it; and he had already acquired a good knowledge of French and Latin,
and had begun the study of Greek. Having determined to devote him-
self to the duties of a Christian minister, he repaired first to Philadelphia to
pursue his studies, and thence to the city of Washington ; here he took an
advanced standing in Columbian College, at the end of two years graduated
with high honor, and was immediately appointed a tutor. In 1825, he was
ordained pastor of the second Baptist Church in Boston, which office he
resigned, in 1832, having been previously appointed a Professor in the
Newton Theological Institution. Besides performing the duties of his
profession, he conducted the '' Christian Review," and he was also author
of the " Memoir of Mrs. Judson," and the " Memoir of Roger Williams."
He was highly respected for his talents and acquirements, and for his amia-
ble, exemplary, and religious character.
May 7. —At Washington City, Joah Lawler, M. C. from Alabama. He
was a Baptist minister, and a man much respected and esteemed.
Feb. 6. — At Charlotte C. H., Va., aged 40, JVash Le Grand, for several
years member of the State Council.
June. —Near McMinnville, Ten., aged 104 years, /o/tn Zws/c, a native
of Long Island, N. Y., and a soldier of the French war of 1756, and of the
revolutionary war,
Feb. 29. — In Orange Co., Va., aged 93, Thomas Macon, formerly a
member of the legislature.
Jan. 16. — At Hanisburg, Pa., aged 37, Joseph Mcllvaine, a member of
the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, a distinguished lawyer, and
formerly recorder of Philadelphia.
April 1. — At Washington, D. C, Isaac McKim, M. C. from Baltimore,
1839.] AMERICAN OBITUARY. 295
Md , and a wealthy and respected merchant of that city. " Independently
of his political position, Mr. McKim's relation to this community," says
the Baltimore Chronicle, " was one of the highest importance. His great
wealth, his active and enlarged commercial operations, his extensive con-
nections with various departments of manufacture and trade, and the liber-
ality with which he contributed to all laudable objects of benevolence,
make his loss deeply and widely felt."
March 8. — At Raymond, Mp., Stephen D. Miller, lately of South Caro-
lina; M. C. from South Carolina in 1817-19, Governor of the State in
1828-30, and United States senator in 1831-7. He was a man highly
respected.
Feb. 20. — At Plattsburg, N. Y., aged 80, Benjamin Mooers, an Ensign
in the revolutionary army, born at Haverhill, Mass., in 1758. He was at
the surrender of Burgoyne and Cornwallis. He settled in the vicinity of
Plattsburg, then a wilderness, in 1783. He was a man much respected,
held various offices, was Major-General of the militia, and commanded at
the siege of Plattsburg in the late war.
Feb. 8. — At Jackson, Mp., Dr. James Moore, member of the legislature
from Noxubee county, a native of N. C, a man much esteemed.
Aug. — At Elizabethtown, N. J., aged 91, Rev. Thomas Morrill, a
Major in the New Jersey militia during the revolutionary war, and, since
1785, a Methodist minister.
May 15. — In Fauquier Co., Va., in his 106th year, John Murphy, z.
native of Ireland.
Aug. 1. — At Haverhill, Mass., aged 98, Deacon Phineas JVichols. He
was at the capture of Louisburg in 1758, and an active patriot of the Revo-
lution.
Jan. 26. — At Havre de Grace, Md., aged 71, John 0''JVeil, distinguished
for the resistance which he made, in defence of Havre de Grace, against
the British under Admiral Cockbarn during the last war.
Jan. 31. — At Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's Island, near Charleston, S. C,
aged about 35, of a disease of the throat, Oseola, also called Powell, the
celebrated Seminole Indian Chief. " From a vagabond child, he became,"
says the Charleston Mercury, 'f the master spirit of a long and desperate
war. He made himself, — no man owed less to accident. Bold and
decisive in action, deadly but consistent in hatred, dark in revenge, cool,
subtile, sagacious in council, he established gradually and surely a resistless
ascendency over his adopted tribe, by the daring of his deeds, the constancy
of his hostility to the whites, and the profound craft of his policy. In
council he spoke little, — he made the other chiefs his instruments, and
what they delivered in public, was the secret suggestion of tiie invisible
master. Such was Oseola, who will be long remembered as the man that,
with the feeblest means, produced the most terrible effects."
296 AMERICAN OBITUARY. [1839.
Aug. 14. — At Warsaw, N. Y., William Patterson, M. C. from New
York.
Aug. 23. — At Salem, Mass., aged 51, Waricick Pal/ray., Jr., a member
of the Massachusetts senate, and editor for 33 years of the '' Essex Reg-
ister."
Jan. — At Jackson, Mp., D. Patton, formerly Attorney-General of Mis-
sissippi.
Jan. 18. — At Hartford, Conn., Nathan Perkins, D. D., of West Hart-
ford, in the 90th year of his age, and the 66th of his ministry. He was
born at Lisbon, in Connecticut, May 14, 1749; was graduated at New
Jersey College, Princeton, in 1770 ; was ordained pastor of the church in
West Hartford in 1772; continued to perform the duties of pastor till about
two years before his death ; and was greatly respected and esteemed. Du-
ring a part of his life he was in the habit of instructing theological students.
Besides numerous occasional sermons, he published, in 179.5, a volume of
Sermons on various subjects.
July (about the 1st). — At Pontotoc, Mp., Andrew Pickens, who was
Governor of South Carolina in 1816- 17.
April. — At Louisville, Ken., Warden Pope, one of the oldest and most
respected citizens of Louisville.
Feb. 6. — At Philadelphia, aged 77, Henry Pratt, a wealthy and much
respected merchant.
Feb. 19. — At Richmond, Va., James Uawlings, President of the Far-
mer's Bank of Virginia.
Jan. 5. — In Montgomery Co., Md., aged 90, Rev. Thomas Read, near-
ly 40 years rector of Prince George's parish.
April 17. — At Troy, N. Y., Captain John Reilay, aged J 04.
March23. — At Chester, N. H., aged 64, William M. Richardson,
LL. D., Chief Justice of the Superior Court of New Hampshire. He was
born at Pelham, N. H., Jan. 4, 1774, and was graduated at the University
in Cambridge, Mass., in 1797. He practised law for a few years at Groton,
Mass , and was M. C. from 1811 to 1814. He removed to Portsmouth,
N.H.,inl8l4, and was appointed Chief Justice in iSlG; and he discharged
the duties of the office with high reputation nearly 22 years. He was a
man of distinguished talents, great industry, and extensive acquirements,
and was highly respected for his integrity and estimable character. He
was the author of " The New Hampshire Justice," and " The Town Offi-
cer." " It will not derogate from the merits of any individual," says his
successor, Chief Justice Parker, " to say, that no one in the State has done
so much in the department of the law, to entitle himself to be deemed a
public benefactor. A considerable portion of the 1st and 2d volumes of
the New Hampshire Reports was drawn up by the Chief Justice ; nearly
all the cases of the 3d, 4th, and 5th, were furnished by him ; and of the mat-
ter for, perhaps, four volumes more he has prepared a large share. His legal
1839.] AMERICAN OBlTUARr. 397
opinions will form an enduring memorial of his high qualifications for the
station he sustained."
April 28. — In Tuscaloosa Co., Alabama, in his 79th year, Major James
Robinson, better known as " Horse-shoe Robinson," the hero of Mr.
Kennedy's novel of that name.
March 2. — At Newport, R. I., aged 88, Willia77i J. MobinsoHt formerly
a merchant of New York.
June 15. — Lost, with many others, off the coast of North Carolina, by
the explosion of the steamboat Pulaski, Judge William B. Rochester, of
Buffalo, N. Y., M. C. from New York in 1821 - 3, a man much respected
and lamented.
Aug. 1. — At Philadelphia, Commodore John Rogers, a distinguished
naval officer, and the senior commander in the American navy. He died
after a long- continued illness, having been for 15 months a resident in the
Naval Asylum in Philadelphia, and the greater part of the time in close
confinement, as a confirmed lunatic.
May 15. — In Albemarle Co., Va., aged 71, John Ropes, an eminent
agriculturist.
Aug. — In New Jersey, aged 51, Thomas C. Ryerson, of Newton, a
judge of the Supreme Court of N. J.
May. — At Farmington, Me., Mrs. Mary Salter, aged about 100.
Feb. 3. — At Providence, R. I., in his 99th year, Captain Pardon
Sheldon, a man much respected.
Aug. 8. — Near Sharon, Ohio, Mrs. Abigail Shingledecker, in her 104th
year.
Jan. 6. — At Richmond, Va., suddenly, aged about 35, Edward V.
Sparhawk, editor of the Petersburg Intelligencer, a gentleman of fine
talents, extensive acquirements, and a highly respectable and useful mem-
ber of society.
j\Iay. — At Savannah, Georgia, Colonel John Shellman, a revolutionary
officer, long a citizen of Savannah. He was a Captain in the Maryland line,
in the early part of the war, and was at the battle of White Plains.
May 7. — In Albemarle Co., Va., aged 99, Mrs. Mary Sprouse, who
was in the habit of carrying, on foot, from her residence in the mountains,
to Charlottesville, 8 miles distant, poultry, vegetables, &c., till within a
few weeks of her death.
Jan. 21. — At Tremont, Illinois, aged 31, Henry Starr, M. D., lately of
Newton, Mass., an eminent surgeon and physician.
Feb. 9. — At New London, aged 95, Jonathan Starr, a respected mer-
chant.
March 6. — At Hoboken, N. J., aged 89, John Stevens, a man much
respected.
298 AMERICAN OBITUARY. [1839.
Jan. 12. — In Burlington Co., N. J., William Stockton, a respected
Friend or Quaker, and for many years a member of the N. J. legislature.
Feb. 26. — Near Salisbury, in Somerset Co., Md., aged 58, William
Murray Stone, D. D., Bishop of Maryland.
June 14. — At Exeter, N. H., George Sullivan, in his 65th year. He
was born at Durham, N. H., was the son cf General John Sullivan, a dis-
tinguished officer of the revolutionary army, was graduated .it Harvard
University in 1790, commenced in early life the practice of law at Exeter,
which he continued more than forty years, and acquired a high reputation.
He was M. C. in 1811 -13 ; and was Attorney-General of New Hampshire
from 1816 to 1835. Mr. Sullivan was highly respected and esteemed for
his talents and acquirements, for his honorable and useful life, and his ex-
emplary and religious chatacter.
Aug. 19. — At Plymouth, Mass., Jose/>/i Thomas^ aged 84. He was a
Captain of artillery through the war of the Revolution, and served with re-
putation till its close.
Jan. 25. — At Callao, Peru, aged 37, of dysentery, James B. Thornton^
Charge d'AfFaires from the United States to Peru. He was a lawyer by
profession, a native of Merrimack, N. H., and grandson of Matthew Thorn-
ton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He was elected
Speaker of the House of Representatives in the legislatine of N. H., in
1829 and 1830, and was, in 1830, appointed Second Comptroller of the
United States Treasury.
Jan. 16. — At Windsor, Conn., Mrs. Dorothy Torrey, in her 107th year.
May. — At Lynnfield, Mass., aged 92, John Upton, an officer of the
Revolution.
July. — At Orford, N. H., aged 69, Jeduthun Wilcox, M. C. in 1813-17.
March 7. — At Stratham, N. H., Paine Wingate, in his 99th year. He
was born at Amesbury, Mass., May 14, 1739; was graduated at Harvard
University in 1759; was ordained as a Congregational minister at Hampton
Falls, N. H., in 1763 ; was dismissed from his society in 1771, and after-
wards removed to Stratham, and engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was
appointed a member of Congress under the Confederation in 1787 ; after
the adoption of the Constitution, he was elected a member of the United
States senate, in 1789, and served till 1793, when he was elected M. C, in
1793-5. In 1798, he was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court of
N. H., and continued in office till May 1809, when he attained the age of
70. He survived all others who were members of the United States senate at
the time of his taking his seat in thai body upon its first organization ; and
he was for some years the oldest graduate of his college. He was a man of
good talents and extensive information ; highly esteemed and respected for
his character, and his honorable and useful life. He is survived by the wife
of his'youth (now at the age of 95), the sister of the late Colonel Timothy
1839.] AMERICAN OBITUARY. 299
Pickering, with whom he had lived in the marriage state about three quar-
ters of a century.
May 19, — At Utica, in his 60th year, Captain Melancthon T. Woolsey,
of the United States Navy, an officer much respected and esteemed.
Oct. 31. — At Brighton, Mass , aged 79, JS'oah Worcester, D. D., an
eminent philanthropist and the founder of the Massachusetts Peace
Society. He was born at Hollis, N. H., Nov. 25, 1758, and was the
elder brother of the late Dr. Samuel Worcester of Salem, and great-
grandson of the Rev. Francis Worcester, who was great-grand-
son of the Rev. William Worcester, the first minister of Salisbury,
Mass. He had no advantages of education except what were af-
forded by the common schools of the country at that time. At the
comencement of the revolutionary war, in 1775, he enlisted as a soldier,
in his 17th year, and in three campaigns, passed between one and two
years in the army. In 1779, at the age of 21, he married, and resided
in Plymouth, N. H., till 1782, when he removed to Thornton, a town-
ship then recently settled. His emploj'ment was chiefly that of a far-
mer ; but he taught a school in the winter ; and he held the office of
town-clerk, a justice of the peace, and representative to the state legis-
lature. In 1785, he published a " Letter to the Rev. John Murray,"
of Newbury port, containing remarks on his " Sermon on the Origin of
Evil." This pamphlet, of which a second edition was published, in
1793, was much approved by the Hopkinsian-Calvinists of that time,
and brought the author into notice. By the advice of some clergy-
men in the vicinity, he was induced to devote his attention more par-
ticularly to the study of theology ; and in 1786, he was licensed to
preach, and in 1787, he was ordained pastor of the church in Thornton.
His people being able to give him but a very small salary, he was
obliged to support his family, in great part, by his own labor ; yet, not-
withstanding all his disadvantages, he soon became one of the most
acceptable preachers in the State.
In 1810, he removed from Thornton to Salisbury, N. H , and thence,
in 1813, to Brighton, Mass., in order to conduct " The Christian Disci-
ple," which he edited till 1819. — In 1815, he published an anonymous
pamphlet, entitled " A Solemn Review of the Custom of War," which
produced a strong impression, and in six months passed through five
editions; and it has been widely circulated in Europe in different lan-
guages. The publication of this pamphlet led to the foundation of the
*' Massachusetts Peace Society," which was organized in January,
1816, and Dr. Worcester was appointed Secretary. He continued his
zealous labors as Secretary, and as editor of " The Friend of Peace," a
periodical pubhcation devoted to the objects of the Society, till the age
of 70, when, on account of his infirmities, he relinquished the labor.
For more than twenty years previous to his death, his health had been
300 AMERICAN OBITUARY. [1839.
extremely feeble, so much so that he was unable to preach. In addition
to his writings in periodical publications, he was the author of numerous
pamphlets, sermons, and treatises, some of the most considerable of
which are the ^' Bible News," of which the first edition was published
in 1810, and " The Atoning Sacrifice, a Display of Love not of Wrath,"
published in 1829. The former was the first publication in which he
combated the commonly received doctrine of the Trinity.
Few men have passed through life more universally respected and
beloved by those who knew him than Dr. Worcester. The following
remarks on his character are quoted from the " Discourse" of Dr. Chan-
ning. — " Dr. Worcester's eiforts in relation to war, or in the cause of
peace, made him eminently a public man, and constitute his chief
claim to public consideration; and these were not founded on acciden-
tal circumstances or foreign influences, but wholly on the strong and
peculiar tendencies of his mind. He was distinguished above all whom
I have known by his comprehension and deep feeling of Christianity, by
the sympathy with which he seized on the character of Jesus Christ as a
manifestation of Perfect Love, by the honor in which he held the mild,
humble, forgiving, disinterested virtues of our religion. This distin-
guished trait of his mind was embodied and brought out in his whole
life and conduct. He especially expressed it in his labors for the pro-
motion of Universal Peace on the earth. He was struck, as no other
man v/ithin my acquaintance has been, with the monstrous incongruity
between the spirit of Christianity and the spirit of Christian communi-
ties, between Christ's teaching of peace, mercy, forgiveness, and the
wars which divide and desolate the church and the world." — ''I have
given a sketch of the history of a good man who lived and died the
lover of his kind, and the admiration of his friends. Two views of him
particularly impressed me. The first was, the unity, the harmony of
his character. He had no jarring elements. His whole nature had
been blended and melted into one strong, serene love. His mission
was to preach peace, and he preached it, not on set occasions, or by
separate efforts, but in his whole life. It breathed from his venerable
countenance. He carried it where it is least apt to be found, into the
religious controversies, which raged around him with great vehemence,
but never excited him to a word of anger or intolerance. All my im-
pressions of him are harmonious. I recollect no discord in his beauti-
ful life ; and this serenity was not the result of torpidness or lameness ;
for his whole life was a conflict with what he thought error. He made
no compromise with the v/orld, and yet he loved it as deeply and con-
stantly as if it responded in shouts to all his views and feelings.
" The next great impression which I received from him was that of
the sufficieney of the mind to its own happiness, or of its independence
on outward things. He was for years debilitated, and often a great
1839.] AMERICAN OBITUARY. 301
sufferer ; and his circumstances were very narrow, compelling him to
strict economy ; yet he was one of the most contented of men. He
spoke of his old age as among the happiest portions, if not the very
happiest of his life. In conversation, his religion manifested itself in
gratitude more frequently than in any other form. When 1 have visited
him in his last years, and looked on his serene countenance, and heard
his cheerful voice, and seen the youthful earnestness with which he
was reading a variety of books, and studying the great interests of hu-
manity, I have felt how little of this outward world is needed to our
happiness, I have felt the greatness of the human spirit, which could
create to itself such joy from its own resources. On leaving his house
and turning my face towards this city, I have said to myself, how much
richer is this poor man than the richest who dwell yonder. My acquaint-
ance with^Dr. Worcester has given me a clearer comprehension of the
spirit of Christ, and of the dignity of man."
July 23. — At Hagerstown, Md., in his 100th year, Dr. Samuel Voung,
a man much respected.
26
CHRONICLE OF EVENTS
From July 1837 to August 1833.
JULY, 1837.
4. The Grand Junction Railway, which unites the town of Birminghani,
England, with Manchester and Liverpool, 82^ miles in length, opened for
passengers.
15. The Carlists defeated near Valencia, by the Queen of Spain's troops,
under General Oraa.
31. A revolutionaiy movement in Portugal, for the avowed purpose of
restoring the charter of Don Pedro, the insurgent troops being commanded
by Marshal Saldanha.
AUGUST, 1837.
4. The discovery of the portion of the Northwest passage lying between
Franklin's Return Reef, in Lat. 70° 26' N., Lon. 148° 52' W., and Point
Barrow, in Lat. 71° 23' 33" N., Lon. 156° 20' AV., before unexplored,
completed by Messrs. P. M. Dease and Thomas Simpson, acting under the
instructions of the Hudson's Bay Company.
14. A great file for the inauguration of a statue by Thorswaldsen to
Guttemberg, the inventor, or one of the inventors of printing, commences
at Mentz, his native place, and lasts three days, and is attended by from
15,000 to 20,000 stranger? from various parts of Germany.
15. The Railroad from Paris to St. Germain, lli| English miles in length,
opened to the public.
18. Calatrava, Mendizabal, and their colleagues of the Spanish ministry,
resign. — Espartero appointed President of the Council.
18. An extraordinary session of the Parliament of Lower Canada opened
by Lord Gosford, the Goveruor-in-chief. It was soon after dissolved by the
Governor on account of its refusing to accede to the measures proposed.
24. The Queen of Spain's troops, under General Buerens, defeated by
Don Carlos near Herrera, with the loss of about 1,000 men.
24. Don Carlos defeats a division of the Queen of Spain's army under
General Buerens, at Villar de los Navarros.
25. The cholera rages at Rome. On this day, said to be the most fatal,
the deaths were stated to amount to 300.
31. A very severe gale at Apalachicola does much damage. The tide
rose from 10 to 15 feet; more than 20 buildings were unroofed ; and prop-
erty estimated at the value of $200,000, destroyed.
1839.] CHRONICLE OF EVENTS, 1837. 303
SEPTEMBER, 1837.
11, The seventh annual meeting of the British Association for the Pro-
motion of Science, commences at Liverpool and continues six days,
the Marquis of Northampton in the chair, and about 500 members
present.
18. The military movement under Marshals Saldanha and Terceira,
designed to overthrow the existing government of Portugal and reestablish
Don Pedro's Charter, brought to a conclusion by a defeat of the Charterists.
The Queen, who was supposed to be in favor of the Charter party, having
refused (o deprive the marshals of their military rank, the ministry resigned.
19. A battle is fouglit near Brihuega, in Spain, between the Queen's
troops under Espartero and the Carlists, in which the latter were worsted
with the loss of a considerable number of killed and wounded, and 230 pris-
oners.
29. A treaty between the government of the United States and the
Sioux Indians concluded and signed at Washington. By this treaty the
Indians relinquished their title to about 5,000,000 acres of laud lying east
of the Mississippi for the sum of $ 1,000,000.
OCTOBER, 1837.
1. A treaty is signed at Washington with the Winnebago Indians, by
the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, on the part of the United Slates. The
Winnebagoes relinquished the title to their lands east of the Mississippi,
and also their right to occupy, except for hunting, a strip of land 20 miles
in width west of the Mississippi, and engaged to remove to that part of the
neutral ground, west of the Mississippi, which was conveyed to them in
1832; in consideration of which the United States government agreed to
pay them to the amount of .$•! ,500,000.
4. A royal ordinance is jjublished in Paris, dissolving the French Cham-
ber of Deputies, and fixing the election of a new Chamber on the 4th of
November, and convoking both Chambers on the ISth of December.
Another ordinance is published, creating 50 new peers.
9. The steamboat Home, on a passage from New York to Charleston,
S. C, wiecked in a gale near Ocracoke, and about 100 lives lost. Among
the persons lost were Oliver H. Prince, formerly a United States senator
from Georgia, Professor Henry J. Nott, of S. C. College, the Rev. George
Cowles of Danvers, Mass., and others, of much worth and respectability.
A committee appointed by the city of Charleston to investigate the causes
of this disaster, reported, that the steamboat was unfaithfully built, never
seaworthy, and was commanded by an incompetent captain and crew.
13. The town of Constantine, in Afiica, taken by the French army, under
the command of General Count Dararemont. The firing was commenced
on the 9th, and Count Dararemont, the commander, was killed on the
304 CHRONICLE OF EVENTS, 1837. [1839.
12th, and was succeeded in command by Count Vallee. The loss of the
French consisted of 97 killed, and 494 wounded.
16. The Congress of the United States, having held an extraordinary
session from the 4th of September, adjourn to the 4th Monday in De-
cember.
18. An Ecclesiastical Court assembled at Lexington, Kentucky, for the
trial of the Rt. Rev. Benj. B. Smith, D. D., Bishop of the diocese of Ken-
tucky, composed of the Rt. Rev. Messrs. Mcllvaine, Kemper, and
McCoskry, Bishops of Ohio, Missouri and Indiana, and Michigan, after a
session of 3 weeks and .3 days, closes its session. The charges against the
Bishop were six in number, and the specifications under these several
charges were 134 ; and on all the charges he was fully and honorably ac-
quitted.
20. Powell (called also Oseola), and Coe-Hajo, Seminole Indian chiefs,
with about 50 warriors, seized and taken prisoners by the United States
troops, under General Hernandez, by order of General Jesup, near Foil
Peyton.
23. A meeting of delegates named by the different parishes in Five
Counties is held at St. Charles, in Lower Canada. Wolfred Nelson was
chosen President, and the meeting was addressed by L. J. Papineau,
Speaker of the House of Assembly, and by various other persons ; and 13
resolutions were passed, expressing their dissatisfaction with the manner in
which Canada is governed. The number of persons assembled was differ-
ently stated from 1,000 to 5,000.
On the same day a meeting of the Friends of the Constitution was held
at Montreal, to the number, as estimated, of upwards of 7,000 ; and reso-
lutions were passed in favor of supporting the government, and condemning
the revolutionary movements.
23. A great fire at Halifax, Nova Scotia; loss stated at £20,000.
26. The completion and opening of the great tunnel of the Harlem
Railroad, N. Y., celebrated.
26. Snow falls steadily during most of the day in the northern part of
Ohio.
26. A violent hurricane at Trinidad, in Cuba, and vicinity. The town
of Casilda was destroyed ; from 20 to 30 persons killed ; and a great amount
of property lost.
28. About 30 Indian chiefs and warriors, of the Sac and Fox nations^
received with ceremonies, at Faneuil Hall, by the Mayor of Boston; and
on the 30ih at the State House, by the Governor and other public officers.
29. The steamboat Monmouth, in ascending the Mississippi, comes in
collision, near Prophet Island, with the ship Trenton in tow by the steamer
Warren, and is sunk. The Monmouth had on board about 490 emigrant
Creek Indians, 234 of whom perished, together with several of the crew.
30. During the past season, the cholera is said to have carried off ia
1839.] CHRONICLE OF EVENTS, 1837. 305
Catania, in Sicily, not less than 40,000 persons out of a population of
60,000,
NOVEMBER, 1837.
5. The office of the Vindicator, a revolutionary paper in Montreal, de-
stroyed by violence.
7. The press of the " Alton Observer, an anti-slavery newspaper, de-
stroyed the third time, at Alton, Illinois, by an infuriated mob. The
Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, the editor, was killed ; and also one of the mob.
10. The Providence and Stonington Railroad, 47 miles in length, opened
to the public with appropriate ceremonies.
13. The periodical phenomenon of the fall of meteors was observed at
New Haven and New York. The number counted at New Haven between
1 o'clock and daylight, was 226.
14. A snow storm continues through the day ; and the snow in Boston
and vicinity about four inches deep.
14. A remarkable redness in the northern sky is observed, in Florida, in
the evening, resembling the reflection of a great fire, and moving slowly
till it disappeared at half past nine o'clock.
15. A conflict takes place between the Pratestants and Catholics at
Cologne, in consequence of differences between the Archbishop of Cologne
and the Prussian government. The Archbishop having refused to sanction
marriages between Protestants and Catholics, unless it was agreed that the
children should be brought up in the faith of the latter, was deprived of hla
episcopal jurisdiction, and conveyed to the fortress of Miuden.
15. The State House of Missouri, at Jefferson city, burnt.
15. The British Parliament meets. Mr. Abercrombie is elected Speaker
without opposition. On the 20th the Queen delivers her speech in person.
18. A treaty of peace between Chili and Pern signed at Paucazpata.
22. A violent gale on Lake Erie causes the water? at Buffalo to rise to
an unusual height. A number of lives were lost, and considerable property
destroyed,
23. An engagement takes place at St. Dennis, Lower Canada, between
200 British regular troops and the Canadians, in which the former are
worsted with the loss of 16 killed and wounded.
25. St. Charles, in Canada, taken from the revolutionary or insurgent
Canadians by the British troops, under Colonel Wetherall. The British
force consisted of 6 companies ; that of the Canadians of between 3,000
and 4,000 men. The loss of the Canadians was stated at about 200 killed,
upwards of 300 wounded, and 30 taken prisoners. The British loss 3 killed,
and 18 wounded.
25. Snow falls to the depth of 6 or 7 inches in the vicinity of Boston.
The storm commenced in the evening of the 24th, about 8 o'clock, and
continued for about 24 hours with little cessation.
27. A convention of 135 delegates from the principal banking institu-
26*
306 CHRONICLE OF EVENTS, 1837. [1839.
tions in 18 of the States of the Uniorij meets in the city of New York, to
consider the subject of fixing a time for the resumption of specie payments.
It continued in cession till Dec. 1st., and adjourned to the 2d Wednesday
in April ; having passed resolutions, that '^ This Convention entertains a
deep anxiety and a firm determination to accomplish the resumption oi
specie payments at the earliest period when it can be permanently practi-
cable:"— but " that, in the opinion of this Convention, the present cir-
cumstances of the country are not such, as to make it expedient or prudent
now to fix a day for the resumption of specie payments."
30. A great mortality by a disease, generally called the small-pox, for a
considerable time prevailed among the Indians of the Misso\iri Territory, —
the Mandans, Minatarees or Gros-Ventres, Arickarees^ Assinaboins, Crees,
Black Feet, Plegans, and Blood Indians.
DECEMBER, 1837.
4. Mackenzie, with about 350 insurgents, takes possession of Montgomery
House, a large building near Toronto, the capital of Upper Canada, and
sends a demand to Sir Francis B. Head, the Governor, that he should dis-
solve the Provincial Parliament, and leave the province witl)in 14 days.
The Governor with 1,000 volunteers attacked and dispersed Mackenzie
and his force on the 6th.
5, Lord Gosford issues, at Quebec, a proclamation, commanding her
Majesty's forces in the Province of Lower Canada " to execute martial
law in the District of Montreal, and to punish all persons, acting, aiding,
or in anj' manner assisting in the conspiracy and rebellion which now exists
in said district, according to martial law." A reward of £ 1,000 for L. J.
Papineau, Speaker of the House of Assembly, one of £ 500 each for 9 or
10 members of the Provincial Parliament, and one of £ lOO each, for sev-
eral others, stated in the Montreal Herald to be offered by the government'.
10. Snow falls through the day to the depth of 6 or 7 inches in the
vicinity of Boston.
14. St. Eustache, in Lower Canada, taken from the insurgents by the
loyalists, and the former defeated with considerable loss ; — some accounts
say from 100 to 200 killed, and upwards of 120 prisoners. The curate's
house at St. Eustache was set on fire by the insurgents, and more than
half of the town was burnt ; and the next day (15th) the town of St. Be-
noit, " for years the focus of insurrection," was burnt by the royal forces
or volunteers.
25. A battle is fought between Pease Creek and the Big Cypress Swamp,,
in Florida, between the United Stales troops and the Seminole Indians.
Of the United States troops 28 were killed, and 111 wounded. Colonel
Thompson, and also Colonel Gentry of the Missouri volunteers, were killed.
29. The Imperial Palace at St. Petersburgh takes fire and is burnt ; the
weather at the time being extremely cold, 22° below zero of Fahrenheit.
1839.] CHRONICLK OF EVENTS, 1837» 307
The Palace was built in (he reign of the Empress Elizabeth, at the cost
j of upwards of 5,000,000 dollars. It was the largest of the sovereign resi-
dences in Europe, sufficient to lodge 12,000 peisons. The loss of trea-
sures, pictures, statues, ornaments, and furniture, was immense.
30. About 2 o'clock, A. M., an attack was made by upwards of 100
loyalists from Canada on the American steamboat, Caroline, lying in the
Niagara at Schlosser, and, of 34 Americans on board the boat, 22 lost their
lives. The boat was set on fire, towed into the current with a part of the
men on board, and precipitated down the Falls.
JANUARY, 1838.
3. A fire at New Orleans destroys 17 buildings, with much valuable
property ; the whole estimated at upwards of ^500,000 in value, of which
the sum of $470,000 was insured.
5. President Van Buren issues a proclamation, exhorting such " citizens
of the United States, as have violated their duties " [by taking part in the
insurrection in Canada], " to return peaceably to their respective homes,
and warning them, that any persons who shall comprornit the neutrality of
this [U. S.] government by interfeiing in an unlawful manner with the
affairs of the neighboring British Provinces, will render themselves liable
to arrest and punishment under the laws of the United States, which will
be rigidly enforced."
10. The Royal Exchange of London, a magnificent edifice, takes fire,
and is burnt ; much property and many valuable papers destroyed. The
edifice was first opened in 1669, and its original cost was £ 58,962 sterling.
14. The troops on Navy Island, composed of Canadians under the com-
mand of Mackenzie, and of citizens of the United States under Van Rens-
elaer (the whole number enrolled being 510), evacuate the island, surrender
the arms belonging to the United States, and the cannon belonging to the
State of New York, and disband. Soon afterwards they took their position
on Bois Blanc, near Detroit, continuing their hostile designs against
Canada.
15. The Italian Theatre at Paris takes fire, and is burnt.
23. The town of Morella, in Spain, captured by the Carlists, and 1,200
prisoners taken.
23 - 26. Repeated shocks of earthquakes in the eastern parts of Europe,
which do great injury to the city of Bucharest ; upwards of 300 houses
being thrown down, and more than 60 persons killed.
24. The Indians are defeated by the United States troops under General
Jesup on the Loche Hatchee or La-che-ha-bee. Of the United States
army, 7 were killed, and 32 wounded.
29. The Bill changing the government of Lower Canada passes in the
British House of Commons by a vote of 110 to 8. It was passed by the
House of Lords, Feb. 9.
308 CHRONICLE OF EVENTS, 1838. [1839.
FEBRUARY, 1838.
1. A treaty of peace concluded, at Port au Prince, between the kingdom
of France and the republic of Hayti. The balance due from Hayti to
France was fixed at 00,000,000 francs ; to be paid by annual instalments
from 1838 to 1S63.
24. A duel is fought, at Bladensburg, between Jonathan Cilley, M. C.
from Maine, and William J. Graves, M. C. from Kentucky. Cilley was
killed at the third fire.
24. The city of Guatemala is attacked and captured by insurgents under
General Carrero, and Senor Salazar, Vice-President of the republic of
Central America, is killed.
MARCH, 1838.
I. The '' Patriots " or " Marauders," about 600 in number, under the
command of Dr. Robert Nelson and Colonel Cote, surrender to General
Wool of the United States army, about a mile north of Alburg Springs, Vt.,
and near the Canada line. The disturbing forces being dispersed, the fron-
tiers are now stated to be tranquillized.
4. The Carlists under Cabanero, enter Saragossa, but are driven out by
the national guards, with the loss of 120 killed, and 700 prisoners.
4. Lisbon becomes the theatre of a political convulsion, which is excited
by Senhor Soares Caldeira, civil governor of Lisbon, and others. But the
insurgents were dispersed with the loss of about 40 killed and 90 wounded,
besides prisoners.
13- 16. The city of Bahia, in Brazil, taken from the rebels or insurgents
by the Imperial troops, with a great loss of blood on both sides. The
rebels set fire to the city in several places, and about 50 buildings were
burnt. The leaders of the rebels, and from 2,000 to 3,000 of their abettors,
were taken prisoners.
26. A celebrated and long litigated case of Atwood v. Small, relating to
claims of shareholders of" The British Mining Company," and involving a
great amount of properly, is decided in the British House of Lords. The
hearing of this case occupied more than 80 days, of which 50 were taken
up at the bar of the House of Lords. The printed papers amounted to no
less th?.n 30,000 folio pages ; and the notes which were furnished of the
arguments in the case amounted to 10,000 pages folio; and the costs are
«aid to have exceeded £ 150,000.
APRIL, 1838.
2-4. A Southern Convention of 180 Delegates, from five States, viz., i
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama, and also
from the Territory of Florida, assemble at Augusta, Georgia, for the pur-
pose of promoting the establishment of a direct trade between these States
and Europe.
II. A Convention of 143 Bank Delegates from 18 States, meet at the
1839.] CHRONICLE OF EVENTS, 1838. 309
city of New York, io order to consider the subject of the resumption of
specie payments.
16. All the ports of Mexico are declared by the French to be in a state
of blockade.
16. The Convention of Bank Delegates at New York adjourn sine die,
having passed the following preamble and resolution, 14 States voting for
it, and New York and Mississippi against it. " Whereas it is found neces-
sary, in order to simultaneous action by the Banks in the resumption of
specie payments, so to proceed in designating a period for that purpose as
to secure the nearest approach to unanimity; and whilst, in the judgment
of this Convention, the return to specie payments, and the preservation of
the currency in a sound condition, will depend essentially on the course of
the General Government, yet this Convention regards it as the duty of the
Banks to make the effort in good faith, exclusive of any direct reference to
the prospective measures of the government ; at the same time the Conven-
tion has been happy to observe in the recent letters of the Secretary of the
Treasury specific assurances of an intention to sustain the banks, so far as
it may be done through the fiscal operations of that department of the
government ;
Resolved, That it be recomniended to all the Banks of the several States
to resume specie payments on the first Monday of January next, without
precluding an earlier resumption on the part of such banks as may find it
necessary or deem it proper."
Remark. The legislature of New York authorized the suspension of
specie payments by the banks of that State for one year from May 16, 1837 ;
and at the expiration of the year these banks resumed specie payments.
17. A Bill prohibiting the retail of brandy, rum, or other spirituous liquors,
in the State of Massachusetts, except by apothecaries and physicians, to
be used in the arts and for medicinal purposes only, passed by the legisla-
ture, and approved on the 19th by the Governor. See page 75.
18. The first canal boat this season from Albany arrives at Buffalo.
18. The legislature of New York, after a session of 107 days at Albany,
and after having enacted 333 laws or acts, adjourns.
20. A meteoric shower observed in the evening at Enoxville, Tenn. ;
154 meteors being counted by two observers, between the hours of 10
o'clock at night and 4 in the following morning.
21. One of the boilers of the steamboat Oronoko, on the Mississippi,
near Princeton, Mississippi, bursts. From ll) to 15 lives were lost, and 43
persons badly scalded, a great part of whom died.
23. The English steam-packets, Great Western and Sirius, arrive at
New York, forming a new era in navigation, and commencing a new and
expeditious mode of intercourse between England and the United States.
The Great Western, the largest steam-vessel yet built, and measuring 1,340
tons, left Bristol on the 8th of April, having had a passage of 14*^ days, her
310 CHRONICLE OF EVENTS, 1838. [1839.
voyage being almost in a straight line across the Atlantic, the weather
good, except the winds ahead, and the sea rough. She took in 600 tons
of coal, of which 200 were supposed to remain unused. The Sirius, a
steam-vessel of 700 tons, and 320 horse power in each of her two engines,
left Cork on the 4th of April, having made the passage iu 18 days, in oppo-
sition, a great part of the way, to strong head winds.
25. The Legislature of Massachusetts closes its session of 113 days,
having passed 196 acts.
25. The second centennial anniversary of the settlement of New Haven
celebrated ; — address by Prof. J. L. Kingsley.
25. The steamboat Moselle, (Captain Perin,) soon after leaving the
wharf at Cincinnati, for Louisville and St. Louis, having about 255 passen-
gers on board, had her boilers burst with a tremendous explosion. The
number ascertained to be saved, including 16 wounded, was 124. Among
the persons lost were the captain of the boat, and Colonel Fovvle and Dr.
Hughes of the United States army.
26. General Espartero completely routs the Carlist army under Negri,
between Burgos and Breviesca, taking nearly 2,000 prisoners, and the bag-
gage and artillery of the Carlist army.
27. A fire breaks out at Charleston, S. C, about 8 o'clock in the even-
ing, and rages with great fury till noon of the following day, laying waste ,
145 acres of the most populous part of the city, and leaving nothing but
blackened chimneys. The number of dwelling-houses and store> burnt was
stated at 560 ; out buildings 593; total 1,1 5S. The amount of property
lost was estimated at from $3 to 4,000,000, about 1,500,000 being insured.
A number of lives were lost ; among them Colonel J. Steedman, naval
oflficer of the port.
30. The troops of the Emperor of Brazil, about 1,800 in number, under
the command of Generals Barretto, Cunha, and Calderon, completely
routed by the republican Generals Bento, Manoel, and Netto, at Rio Pardo
in Rio Grande.
MAY, 18.38.
3. A fire at Paducah, Ken., destroys about 40 houses.
17. The " Pennsylvania Hall," in Philadelphia, a large, new building,
recently erected, at the expense of $ 40,000, for scientific and political dis-
cussions and lectures, including the discussion of the ribolition of slavery,
burnt and destroyed by a riotous mob, the assen)blage consisting of many
thousands. On the preceding evening a lecture was delivered in the Hall
to a large audience by Mr. Garrison ; and the meeting was also addressed
by Mrs. Maria W. Chapman, Mrs. A. E. Grimke Weld, Lucretia Mott, and
Abdy Kelly ; the Hall being surrounded by a riotous mob.
17. The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church commence their
annual meeting at Philadelphia. After some misunderstanding and con-
tention, the Assembly was organized by the election of Dr. Fisher of New
1839.] CHRONICLE OF EVENTS, 1838. 311
Jersey, of the New School party, moderator. The Old School party formed
a separate Assembly, by electing Dr. William S. Pluraer of Virginia,
moderator.
17 — 18. The town of Marie-Galante, in Guadaloupe, destroyed by
fire.
20. The government troops of Brazil defeated by the insurgents o f the
I province of Rio Grande, with a loss stated at nearly 2,000.
[ 29. The following resolution (respecting the Specie Circular), viz.,
" Resolved, Thai it shall not be lawful for the Secretary of the Treasury to
make, or continue in force, any general order which shall create any differ-
ence between the different branches of revenue, as to the money or me-
dium of payment in which debts or dues accruing to the United States
may be paid," passes the United States senate by a vote of 34 to 9. On
the 31st it passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 151 to 27.
30. The steamboat Sir Robert Peel, while stopping on her passage up
the St. Lawrence, at Wells's Island, 7 miles below French Creek, was
boarded by a band of from 30 to 50 men in disguise, and burnt.
31. The steamboat New England, on her passage from Boston to Gardi-
ner, Me., lost near Portsmouth, by coming in contact with a schooner. Of
75 passengers, only one was lost.
JUNE, 1838.
2. A destructive fire at Nantucket ; property destroyed estimated to
amount to from $ 200,000 to $ 300,000.
14. The steamboat Pulaski, on her passage from Savannah and Charles-
ton to Baltimore, lost off the coast of North Carolina, about 30 miles from
land, by the bursting of the starboard boiler, about 11 o'clock at night. Of
150 or 160 passengers, and a ciew of 37 persons, only 22 reached the
shore by boats, and 38 more were preserved on fragments of the steam-
boat, and were picked up and rescued. Many valuable lives were lost by
this distressing event ; among them Judge William B. Rochester of Buffalo,
N.Y. and Judge J. A. Cameron ; and the Rev. Jonathan L. Woart of Florida.
As much as $150,000 in money belonging to the passengers, was supposed
to be lost. The loss of this boat was attributed to gross carelessness.
16. The steamboat Washington, on her passage from Detroit to Buffalo,
takes fire on Lake Erie, near Silver Creek, about 33 miles from Buffalo,
and is burnt, and 40 or 50 lives lost.
16. A Virginia Commercial Convention, after having sat several days at
Richmond, adjourns ; having resolved *' That a vigorous and persevering
effort be made to build up and sustain a large and increasing foreign import
tiade."
17. The steam-packet Great Western arrives on her second passage from
Bristol to New York in 14^ days, having sailed from Bristol on the 4th.
19. A great flood of rain in the central part of Pennsylvania ; great
312 CHRONICLE OF EVEjSTS, 1838. [1839.
injury done on the Pennsylvania Canal below Hollidaysburg ; locks,
bridges, mills, and some houses, destroyed.
21- 24. A great fire at Cairo, Egypt, does great injury to the city.
25. The question on the passage of the Sub-Treasury Bill is decided in
the United States House of Representatives in the negative by a majority
of 14,— 111 to 125.
28. The coronation of Victoria, Queen of England, celebrated, in Lon-
don, with great splendor and parade.
JULY, 1838.
4. The second centennial anniversary of the first settlement of Exeter,
N. H.j celebrated ; — discourse by Jeremiah Smith, formerly governor of
the State.
20. A remarkable thunder shower in New York. " More buildings, &c."
says the New York Journal of Commerce, •' were struck with lightning
than in any previous shower within our remembrance.'*
AUGUST, 1838.
I. The entire emancipation of the negro apprentices in the islands of
Jamaica, Barbadoes, Nevis, Montserrat, St. Christopher's, St. Vincent,
and Tortola, takes place, in compliance with the acts of the colonial legis-
latures.
7. A destructive fire at Hudson, N.Y.; about 60 buildings are destroyed;
loss estimated at from $100,000 to $200,000.
II. A great flood of rain at Winchester, Va., and vicinity, which does
much damage.
13. The banks of Pennsylvania resume specie payment, in accordance
with the proclamation of Governor Ritner.
19. A destructive fire at Bangor, Me., does considerable damage.
19. The United States Exploring Expedition sails from Hampton Roads,
Virginia; consisting of the following vessels, officers, and men of science •
viz. The Vincennes, a 20 gun sloop-of-war, Charles Wilkes, Commander-in-
Chief, Overton Carr, 1st Lieutenant; scientific corps, Charles Pickering,
naturalist, Joseph P. Couthouy, conchologist, Joseph Drayter, artist, J.
Biackenridge, assistant botanist, and J.G. Brown, repairer of instruments : —
The Peacock, an 18 gun sloop-of-war, William L. Hudson, Commanding,
Samuel L. Lee, 1st Lieutenant; scientific corps, James D. Dana, mineral-
ogist, Titian R. Peale, naturalist, Horatio E. Hale, philologist, and Francis
L. Davenport, interpreter: — The Porpoise, a 10 gun brig, Cadwallader
Ringgold, Commanding, G. L. Claiborne, 1st Lieutenant : — The Relief,
exploring vessel, A. K. Long, Commanding ; scientific corps, William
Rich, botanist, and Alfred F. Agate, artist : — The Flying Fish, a schooner.
Passed Midshipman, S. R. Knox : — The Sea Gull, a schooner, Passed
Midshipman, J. W. E. Reid.
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS.
Pages 79 and 80. Aaron O. Dayton, late Chief Clerk in the Depart-
ment of State, has been appointed 4th Auditor.
Page 82. The term of Reuel Williams, senator from Maine, will ex-
pire on the 3d of March, 1839, — not 1841.
Page 83. A. D. W. Brmjn, and JVm. Patterson, members of Congress
from N. Y., have recently deceased.
Page 85. E. Whittlesey, M. C. from Ohio, has resigned his seat.
Page 87. C. D. Hammond has been appointed Marshal for Georgia,
in place of P. Solomon.
Page 88. The United States District Court, for the N. District of New-
York, is to sit hereafter at Utica, on the 2d Tuesday in July (instead of
the last Tuesday in August) ; also at Rochester, on the 3d Tuesday in
May, and at Buffalo, on the 2d Tuesday in October.
The United States District Court, for the E. District of Vir-
ginia, is hereafter to sit at Richmond on the 12th of May and November,
instead of the loth.
Page 89. The Judge of the District Courts of East and West Ten-
nessee is required hereafter to hold a Court annually on the 3d Monday
in September, at Jackson, in Madison county, for the counties of Benton,
Carroll, Henry, Obion, Dyer, Gibson, Lauderdale, Haywood, Tipton,
Shelby, Fayette, Hardeman, McNairy, Hardin, and Perry.
The United States Circuit Court in the N. District of New
York, heretofore held at Albany, on the 2d Tuesday in June, is hereafter
to be held at Canandaigua, on the Tuesday next after the 3d Monday
in June.
The United States Circuit Court, for the E. District of Vir-
ginia, is hereafter to be held at Richmond on the ISth of May and
November, instead of the 22d.
Page 90. The United States Circuit Court in the District of East
Tennessee, is to be held hereafter at Knoxville, on the 3d Monday in
October, instead of the 2d.
27
314 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS.
Page 91. The United States Consul Sii Mtona, is George B. Todson :
and at Muscat, H. P. Marshall.
Page 92. The consul at Galveston is E. J. Rhodes, instead of f.
Slaughter ; and at Montevideo, R. H. Hamilton, instead of John Patrick.
Baron Mareschal has recently arrived as Ambassador to the
United States from Austria; C. Hulsman, Secretary of Legation.
General Mvear has recently arrived as Minister to the United
States from Buenos Ayres.
Page 94. C. Sarreys, Charge d' Affaires to the United States, from
Prussia, in place of Baron de Roinne.
Page 95. From Saxony, — Johann F. C. Ules, Consul, New Orleans.
Page 200. A Senate of 11 members has been made, by a late act of
Congress, to form a part of the Legislative Council of Florida.
A GENERAL INDEX
To the Ten Volumes of the Jlmerican Almanac, for the Years
1830—1839.
As the Numbers of the Volumes are not inserted on the Title-pages of the Alma-
nac, it must be observegl, that the different Numbers of the Volumes correspond to
the different Years, as follows : —
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X.
1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839.
This Index embraces such matters as are not common to all the Volumes of the Al-
manac ; but such matters as are found in all, or nearly all, the Volumes, viz., the As-
tronomical Information, the Register of the various Officers of the Government of the
United States, and of the Individual States, the Annual Tables relating to the Com-
merce and Navigation of the United States, the Tabular Views of Colleges, the Chron-
icle of Events, «fcc., are not particularly specified in this Index.
The several Volumes, with the exception of the first, are furnished each with its own
Index of the matters treated of.
*^* A full Index of the Obituary Notices follows this General Index of other matters.
Vols. I.
Years, 1830,
II.
1831,
III.
1832,
IV.
1833,
V.
1834,
VI.
1835,
VII.
1836,
VIII.
1837,
IX.
1833,
X.
1839.
Vol. Page..
Abolition of Slavery in the British
W. I. V. 328, X. 210
115
12,
Address of Washington, iii.
Administrations, Successive, U. S. ii.
Adoption of the first State Consti-
tutions,
Adoption of the U. S. Constitution
by the different States,
Age and Size of Trees,
Age, While Inhabitants of U. S.
classed according to,
Ages of Persons buried in England,
Ages of Persons buried in Prussia,
Agriculture and Rural Economy,
Agricultural Produce of Europe,
Aliens, Law relating to in U. S.
Almanacs,
Amendments, see Constitution.
Animals, Domestic, Improve-
ment of, vi. 118
Annular Eclipse of the Sun,
U (( ((
Anthracite Coal, Use of,
Associate Presbyterians,
Astrology,
Aurora Borealis,
Baptists,
Benevolent Institutions,
Benevolent Societies,
Bible Society, American,
i. 185 Bolivia,
Books published in France,
X.
vi.
vii.
iv.
1
102
90
67
68
116
88
238
85
50
11.
ix.
viii.
vii.
i-
iii.
viii.
ix.
Books, Publication of in England,
Books, Publication of,
Brazil,
British Ministry from 1807 to 1830,
British Government, see vols. II,
IV., v., & X.
British America,
Britain, Statistics of, see vol. IV.
Buenos Ayres,
Vol. Pa^e.
Vii.
145
vii.
154
a.
165
IX.
171
vu.
154
x.
217
1.
161
X.
71
IX.
96
X.
69
X.
222
), V.
294
X. 203
X. 220
5
35
61
143
70
104
186
80
Banda Oriental, see Uruguay.
Banks, see each volume, and par-
ticularly, vol. VI.
Bank of England rechartered, v. 380
Banks, Foreign, vi. 107
Bank of the United States, vi. 2f 4
Cabinets, see Administrations, and
Ministry.
Calendar ; — Days, Weeks, Months,
Year, Solar and Lunar Cycle,
Epact, Roman Indiction, Do-
minical Letter, i. 56
Calendar, Remarks on, x. 63
Canals and Railroads, see each
vol., especially vol. VIII.
Catalogue of the Eclipses of the
Sun, from 1822 to 1900, ii, 70
Census U. S. 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, & 5th, iii. 156
Census of each State in 1830, see
vol. III.
" U. S. 1830, corrected, iv. 158
" Arkansas, 1335, viii. 273
<' Illinois, 1835, viii. 267
" Iowa Territory, 1838, x. 202
316
INDEX.
Vols. I.
Years, 1830,
II.
1831,
III.
1832,
IV.
1833,
V.
1834,
VI.
1835,
VII.
1836,
VIII.
1837,
IX.
1838,
Vol. Pa?e.
Census of Massachusetts, 1837, i.x. 197
" Maine, 1837, ix.
" Michigan, 1834, vii.
" Mississippi, 1837, ix.
" New Jersey, 1737, <fe 1745, ix.
" New York, 1835, viii.
" Wisconsin, 1828,
" Indian Tribes,
191
258
240
210
X.
1839.
Vol. Pasre.
i. 215
viii. 132
ix
Convention that formed the Con-
stitution, V.
Copy-rights, Act relating to, iv.
Copy-right, International, ix.
Cotton, Statistics of, viii.
212iCrime in the United States, viii.
201 1 " Massachusetts, viii.
Statistics of, in France, vii.
Census, see Population and Sta-
tistics-
Central America,
Charter, French Constitutional,
Cholera, Progress of,
Civil Officers of U. S.
Circuit Courts, U. S. — Remarks
on.
Chili,
Clothing, Remarks on,
Clouds,
Coal, Use of,
Coffee Trade,
Colleges, U. S., see each volume,
but particularly vol. V.
Colonial Congress, Members of.
Colonial Statistics, (American),
Colonization Society,
Comets, i. 88
Comets, Encke's and Halley's,
Commerce, U. S., see each volume.
Congregationalists,
Congress, Colonial, Members of,
Congress, U. S. from 1774 to 1788,
Members of.
Congress, Table of Sessions of,
from 1789 to 1332,
Congress, Senators and Represen-
tatives in, from 1789 to 1833,
Constitutions of the several States.
Time of adopting.
Constitution, U. S., Time of
adopting by the several States,
Constitution of the United States,
" Convention that formed,
Constitutions of the different
Slates, Outlines of, see vol. II.
Constitution of Mass., Amend-
ment of,
102
98
97
92
74
75
71
69
144
107
114
117
150
Great Britain & Ireland, viii.
143] Cumberland Presbyterians, vii.
112 Currency, <& Foreign Bank.s, vi.
Currency in the U. S. vii.
Currency & Exchange, x.
x. 207 Customs, U. S. ii.
ii. 290
iv. 312 Day of the Week of any given date
i. 190 from the year 5000 B. C. to the
year A. D. 2700, iii. 72
ii. 141 1 Deaf and Dumb in Europe, v. 267
X. 219i Declaration of Independence,
i. 13l| Signers of, i. 184, ii. 110
ii, 87| Declaration of Independence, U. S. ii. 107
viii. 61 [Density of the Earth, ii. 103
iv. 148iDeposits, removal of from U. S.
Bank, vi. 331
Disease among Shell-fish, ix. 109
V. 97 District Courts, U. S., Remarks
i. 177 on, ii. 142
V. 92 Domestic Animals, Improvement
}, V. 61 of, vi. lis
vi. 13; Dower, Value of the Right of, vi. 87
Dust, Showers of, iv. 67
Duties, Tariff of, iv. 131
vu.
v.
138
97
V. 98
V. 125
V. 103
i. 185
188
113
102
70
5
10
3
34
35
" Delaware, "
« « u
" Mississippi (Amended), Out-
lines of,
" Tennessee (Amended), Out-
lines of,
" Michigan, Outlines of, "
" Arkansas, "
" Pennsylvania (Amended), "
'• Maryland, do. "
" Texas, Outlines of, «
" Belgium, do. ««
" Holland, do. "
Spain, do. "
Constitution of England, see Gov-
ernment,
Constitutional Charter of France,
Earth, its Shape, &c., ii. 101
East India Charter, Renewal of, v. 330
Eclipses of the Sun from 1822 to
1900, ii.
Eclipse of Sun, Feb. 12, 1831, ii.
" .luly 27, 1832, iii.
" Nov. 30, 1834, V.
" Mav 15, 1836, vii.
" Sept. 18, 1838, ix.
Education, see each volume, but
especially vol. V.
Elections of President & Vice-
President, U. S. i. 189
Election of President, Number of
Votes, V. 126
jii. 185 'Election of President and Vice-
iv. 170 President, jx.
viii. 200,Emancij)aiion of Slaves, x.
iv. 194| Encke's and Halley's Comets, vi.
" 204 Equator, or Ecuador, x.
Europe, Increase of the Inhab-
itants of, i.
Europe, Agricultural Produce of, iv.
" Deaf & Dumb, Numbers of, v.
" Naval Force of, iv.
V. 228
vii. 243
vii. 259
viii.
X.
X.
ix.
iv.
272
164
167
263
249
iv. 253
ix. 291
Population, &c.
v. 267, ix.
ii. 291
European Countries, Mortality of,
European Governments, see par-
ticularly vols. II., III., IV., X.
European Statistics, see particu-
larly vols. IV., v., & X.
Evaporation,
Expectation of Life,
111
210
13
210
148
238
272
237
268
225
91
ii.
88
vi.
84
X.
65
INDEX.
31
Vols.
Years.
I.
1830,
11.
1831,
III.
1832,
IV.
1833,
V. VI.
1834, 1835,
VII.
1836,
VHI.
1837.
IX.
1838,
X.
1839.
Vol. Page.
E.'cpeiiditure U. S. of Government,
from 1789 to 1829. ii. 158
" " viii. 142
" from 1789 to 1837, x. 102
First Meridians of Longitude,
Flour, Prices of,
Flowering of Fruit Trees,
France, Population of, i. 160,
" Constitutional Charter,
" Statistics of,
" Statistics of Crime in,
" " Pauperism in,
" Statistical Table of,
" Chamber of Peers,
" Chamber of Deputies,
Franklin's Moral Code,
Franklin's Poor Richard,
Friends, or Quakers, vii. 152,
Fruit, Use of.
Fruit Trees, Flowering, see Flow-
ering., &c.
Globe, Statistical Vi«w of,
Gold Coins, Table of.
Gold and Silver Coins, Bills re-
lating to.
iii. Ill
ix. 102
V. 85
vi. 69
vii. 185
viii. 188
\x. 181
X. 140
vii. 273
ii. 290
iv. 283
vii. 71
vii. 87
vii. 273
vii. 277
vii. 278
vi. 124
i. 115
viii. 168
i. 121
Vol. Pa^e.
Jefferson's Ten Rules of Life, vi. 124
Journals in London, ix. 94
Judiciary, U. S. — Remarks on, ii. 139
Julian Year, .\. 63
La Plata x. 220
Libraries, Public, viii, 78
License Law, Mass., x. 74
Lightning Rods, iv. 84
Life-annuity Tables, vi. 83
Literary Institutions, see each
volume, but particularly vol. V.
London Periodical Press, ix. 92, x. 70
Lords, English House of, ii. 275
" " " v. 276
X. 235
vii. 160
V. 267
vi. 152
Vi. 151
X. 117
iii. 226
Gold Mines of North Carolina,
Government of England, see par-
ticularly, vols. IL, IIL, IV., v.,
& X.
Governors of all the States
from the first settlement till
1830, see vol. II.
Great Britain Government of, see
vol. II., IV. v., &X,
Great Britain, Statis-
tics of, i. 159, 167, iv. 254
Halos,
Hayti.
Holidays of the Church,
Holyoke's Meteorological Obser-
vations,
House of Commons, Reform of,
Inaugural Address of Washington,
Increase of the Inhabitants of
Europe,
Independence, Declaration of U. S
Indian Tribes,
Influence of the Moon,
Insolvent Debtors, Act for the
Relief of,
Internal Improvement, see each
volume ; but more especially
vols. IV. and VII.
International Copyright,
Ireland, Condition of the People,
Irish Church Reform Bill,
27*
V.
X.
i.
viii.
iv.
iv.
81
211
63
174
258
91
i. 148
. ii. 107
i. 214
viii. 132
ix. 143
X. 112
V. 73
iv. 102
ix. 97
iv. 278
V. 326
Lutheran Church,
Marriage, Coleridge's Remarks on, x.
Medical Schools. See each volume.
Members of the Colonial Congress,
" Congress from 1774 to 1788, v.
" " " 1789 to 1833,
See each volume.
Meridians of Longitude,
Meteoric Stones,
Meteorological Observations,
Meteors of Nov. 13, 1833,
Meteors of Nov. 13, 1836,
Methodist Episcopal Church,
Mexico,
Military Academy,
Military Posts,
Militia, U. S.
Ministers from the U. S. to For-
eign Countries since the Begin-
ning of the Government,
Ministry, British, from 1807 to
1830,
Mint, U. S. viii. 156
" " See vols. III. to X.
Mirage,
Missionary Societies. See espe-
cially vol. VII.
Money, i.
Moon, Influence of,
Moon's Phases, Harvest Moon,
Eclipse?, «fec.
Mortality of Countries in Europe,
Mortality, Law of.
Natural History of the Weather,
Navy List. See vols VI. to X.
Navy Yards,
New Grenada,
New Jerusalem Church,
Newspapers, History of,
" in U. S.
" " See especi-
ally vol. VI.
Newspapers in London,
" Paris,
New York City, Great Fire,
78
V.
97
, V.
98
V.
103
iii.
111
IV.
71
V.
77
VI.
68
vu.
178
VIII.
174
IX.
175
X.
133
VI.
70
IX.
83
VII.
146
X.
206
11.
147
I.
220
I.
222
i. 193
V. 294
ix. 134
iv. 75
163,
165
V
73
i.
73
VI.
91
X.
65
ii
. 77
111
. 74
i.
221
X.
214
VII.
151
VI
. 98
i.
229
ix.
92
IX.
100
VIU.
314
S19
INDEX.
Vols. I.
Years, 1830,
II.
1831,
III.
183-2,
IV.
1833,
V.
1834,
VI.
1835,
VII.
1836,
VIII.
1837,
IX.
1838,
X.
1839.
Vol.
Pa?e.
. 190
Officers of the United States,
" " " See
each volume.
Orbits of the Planets, i. 82
" Ordinance," passed at Colum-
bia, S. C. V. 323
Outlines of the State Constitu-
tions. See vol. II.
" See Constitution.
Paraguay, x.
Parhelia, or False Suns, iv.
Parliament of England, iv.
" " V.
" British, First Reformed, v.
" " Third do. x.
Patents, number issued, i.
" Regulations in relation to, iv.
Pauperism in U. S. See vol. IX.
Peers, English House of, ii.
Periodical Literature, in U. S.
See vol. VI.
Periodical Literature, Tabular
View of, _ ^ ^' 9^' ^'•
vi.
i.x.
X.
X.
221
83
257
275
284
234
218
96
275
276
235
Periodical Press in the U. S.
" " London,
Peru,
Poor Richard Revived,
Population of the United States,
Europe, and the Globe; see
each volume.
Population of the U. S., see es-
pecially.
Population,
" Europe, see especially
97
266
92
70
216
i. 115
156
158
» Globe
" Cities of the Globe
" See also Census and
Statistics.
Post Offices, Principal,
Presbyterian Church,
Presidents of Congress, U. S.
u "
Presidential Election, Number of
Votes (12 terms),
Presidential Election, Number of
Votes (13th term).
Press, Products of in Germany,
France, and England,
Prices of 14 Articles for 40 Years,
Prices of Flour,
Prison Discipline Society,
Prognostics of the Weather,
Public Debt, U. S.
Public Lands,
. 90, 156
viii. 84
V. 267
ix. 268
X. 225
V. 267
ix. 269
V. 136
vii. 140
i. 183
ii. 112
V. 126
ix. Ill
IX.
ix.
vii.
ix
i.
ii.
iv.
vii.
Public Lands,
Public Libraries,
Publication of Books in England,
Publication of Books,
Punctuality of Washington,
Rain, Quantity Falling Annually,
Vol. Pa^e.
X. 101
viii.
i.x.
X.
vi.
99
101
102
175
73
207
154
142
112
i. 214
iii. 140
iv. 116
V. 143
ix. 14C5
78
96
69
123
Rain, Hail, and Snow,
Receipts, U. S. from 1789 to 1829,
Red Snov?,
Reform of the British House of
Commons,
Reformed Dutch Church,
Regular Army, Revolutionary,
Religious Denominations U. S.,
see especially vol. VII., also
each volume.
Religious Denominations in En-
gland,
Representatives from each State,
from 1789 to 1833,
Representatives, Number of.
Reviews and Magazines,
Revolution, Statistics of the.
Revolutionary Army, ii.
" Register,
" War, Expenses,
" Officers and Sol-
diers, Act for the Relief of.
Right of Dower, Value of
Rotation, &c, of the Planets,
Russian Army,
Seasons,
Select Scraps,
Senators and Representatives in,
from 1789 to 1833,
Sessions of Congress, Table of,
Shakers,
Shape of the Earth and its Size,
Shell-fish, Disease among.
Showers of Dust,
Signers of the Declaration of In-
dependence,
U (C ((
Slaves, Emancipation of.
Spots in the Sun,
South American States,
Slate Constitutions, when adopt-
ed,
States-Rights Convention, S. C.
Statistical Tables of the Popula-
tion of the U. S. (Tayloe's),
Statistical View of the Globe,
" " of the Popula-
tion of the U. S. viii. 84
Statistics, Colonial,
" of Cotton,
" of Great Britain,
84
68
182
180
ix. 177
136, 139
ii. 98
V.
Ti.
vii.
viii.
u.
iv.
iv.
vii.
ii.
156
65
258
143
112
ii. 282
V. 103
V. 124
vi. 104
i. 181
111, 112
ii. Ill
ii. 112
105
87
81
163
i. 67
ix. 109
X. 77
V. 103
125
152
101
ix. 109
iv. 67
V.
vii.
ii.
i. 184
i. 110
c. 210
i. 78
:. 214
185
320
vi. 156
v. 267
of the Revolution,
of Tobacco,
of the World,
V.
i.
viii.
IV.
267
177
92
159
254
181
120
140
INDEX.
319
Vols. I. II.
Years. 1830, 1831,
III.
1832,
IV.
1833,
V.
1834,
VI.
1835,
VII.
1836,
VIII.
1837,
IX.
1838,
X.
1839.
Steamboat Explosions,
See also Chronicle of Events.
Style, Old and New,
Successive Administrations, U. S
Sugar, Cultivation of, in Louisiana, iii
Sunday School Union,
Supreme Court, U. S. — Remarks
on,
Vol. Pag-e.
vi.
112
X.
63
11.
125
I, 111.
241
Vll.
168
140
Tobacco Trade,
I Tract Society, American,
Travelling on the Ohio and Mis-
I sissippi.
Trees, Age and Size of.
Troops employed during the Re-
volution,
Surplus Revenue, Distribution of, viii. 14l!Unitarians,
Universalists,
Uruguay,
Use and Abuse of Ardent Spirits,
Use of Fruit,
iii. 72
Table to nnd the Day of the
Week,
Tabular View of the Number of
the Representatives in Con-
gress from the Beginning of the
Government, i. 200, v. 124
Tariff of Duties, established by
Act of Congress,
Tariff of Duties, Act to Modify,
Taxation of the People of the
U.S.
Tayloe's Statistical Tables, U.S.
Temperance,
" Society, American,
Temperature of the Interior of
the Earth, ii. 104
Texas, Popula., Govemm't, &c. viii. 277
« " ix. 263
« " X. 205
" Great Victory in, viii. 307
Theological Seminaries, see each
volume.
Thermometers, Comparative
Scales of, iii. 88
Thunder and Lightning, iii. 92
Tides, i. 76
iv.
131
v.
138
viii.
91
vi.
156
125
ii.
304
V.
89
X.
74
vn.
172
Vegetable Products, Improve-
ment in,
Venezuela,
Ventilation,
Voles for President and Vice Pre-
sident, U. S. (12 terms).
Votes for President for the I3th
term,
Washington's Farewell Address,
" Agricultural Notes,
" Inaugural Address,
" Punctuality of,
Weather, Natural History of, ii.
" Prognostics of.
Winds,
Winter of 1834-5,
Winters, Remarkably Cold,
Winter of 1835-6,
Wool, Statistics of.
Year, Time of Beginning,
Zodiac,
Vol. Pa?e.
IX.
120
vii.
170
vii.
127
ix.
102
i.
185
vii.
151
vu.
151
x.
221
1.
125
I.
121
vi.
121
X.
216
1.
135
V. 126
ix. Ill
111.
115
I.
99
IV.
91
vi.
123
77, iii. 74
IX.
73
111.
95
vii.
178
Vlll.
169
vin.
185
X.
113
X.
63
i.
68
INDEX TO THE OBITUARY.
Vol. Pasre.
Abbot, J. vii. 297
Abernethy, J. iii. 308
Adams, B. ix. 314
Adams, G. B. vii. 297
Adams, H. iv. 306
Adams, R. ii. 311
Afzelius, A. ix. 303
Afzelius, J. ix. 305
Albert, Baron, x. 297
Alden, R. ix. 306
Alexander, vii. 297
Allen, B. viii. 301
Allen, J. vii. 297
Allston, W. i.x. 314
Allyn, J. V. 318
Ames, N. vii. 297
Ancillon, M. ix. 305
Anderson, J. ix. 314
Vol. Pag-e.
Anderson, R. vii. 297
Anderson, S. ix. 306
Andrew, J. v. 311
Antomarchi, x. 282
Armstrong,
J. viii. 301
Ashley, W. H. x. 287
Ashmun, J. H. v. 515
Ashton, H. vi. 328
Attwood, Th. X. 281
Austin, J. X. 212
Austin, S. iii. 306
Babington, T. x. 279
Babington, W. v. 311
Badger, R. vi. 329
Bailey, J. vii. 297
Bailey, J. ix. 306
Vol. Page.
Baily, M. viii. 301
Bailey, W. vii. 297
Bainbridge, v. 319
Baker, R. B. x. 232
Baker, S. viii. 297
Baker, T. x. 287
Balch, Dr. v. 320
Baldwin,C.C.vii.297
Baldwin, L. x. 287
Ballard, Gen. vi. 326
Bangs, E. D. x. 287
Banks, H, vi. 325
Bannister, J. ix. 300
Bannatyne,
Sir W. vi. 317
Bantine, W. ix. 296
Barker, D. vi. 328
Barnard, J. D. vi. 328
Vol. Pa^e.
Barnard, J. vii. 297
Barnagan, viii. 294
Barron, S. ix. 314
Barrows,, W. x. 282
Barry, W.T. viii, 297
Bartlett, I. x. 28
Barllett, J. ix. 314
Bartlett, J. x. 287
Bartlett, R. x. 282
Bartlett, Z. viii. 297
Barton, D. x. 282
Barton, W. iv. 305
Bathurst, Bp. ix. 305
Bathurst, vi. 323
Baxter, G. viii. 297
Beasley, N. vii. 297
Beck, W. X. 282
Beckman, S. x. 288
320
INDEX.
Vols. 1.
Years. 1830,
H.
1831,
III.
1832,
IV.
1833,
V.
1834,
Vol. Page.
Beckman,
F. M. vii. 297
Beckwith, J. vii. 297
Beckvvith, J. viii. 297
Bedell, G. T. vi. 330
Bell, A. V. 297
Belknap, E. viii. 301
Bell, Joha viii. 293
Bell, John viii. 301
Bell, R. H. vii. 297
Bellini, Sig. viii. 288
Bennett,
C. P. viii. 301
Bentham, J. v. 302
Benson, E. v. 320
Beyrick, Dr. vii. 298
Biddle, Ch. i.x. 306
Bigelow, A. iv. 310
Bigland, John v. 308
Billings, A. x. 288
Binkley, A. ix. 314
Binney, A. v. 314
Birchard, S. ix. 306
Bisset, Bp. vii. 290
Blackburn, S. vii. 298
Black Coat, vii. 298
Blackhoof, iv. 305
Blackshear,
D. ix. 314
Blackwood,
Wm. vii. 290
Blair, Jas. vi. 328
Blanchard, A. x. 288
Blanchard,N. ix. 306
Bland, Mrs. x. 280
Bledsoe, J. ix. 314
Blount, W, vii. 298
Bogard. A. v. 318
Bogue,'P, V. ix. 306
Boieldieu,
A. F. vii. 291
Bolivar, S. iii. 306
Bolton, J. ix. 304
Bonaparte, Mad.
V. 306, viii. 292
Bond, J. L. X. 279
Bond, S. iv. 309
Bonsall, B. S. x. 283
Bonstetten,
Ch. V. V. 297
Booker, Dr. viii. 289
Boothroyd, B. ix. 297
Boott, Kirk ix. 314
]}orowlaski, C. x. 277
Botta, C. X. 277
Bottiger,
C. A. viii. 289
Bouldin, T. T. vi. 326
Bourke, Bp. v. 309
Bourne, Th. v. 309
Bowditch, N. x. 288
Bowdoin, J. v. 315
Bowne, C. ix. 315
Boyle, John vi. 326
Brace, J. ix. 315
Bracket, D. ix. 315
Bradbury, J. viii. 302
Bradford, A. ix. 315
Bradford, D. x. 283
Vol. Pa?e.
Bradford, S. v. 319
Bradford, T. x. 290
Bradley, A. x. 290
Bradley, S.R. iii. 306
Brady, Wm. vii. 298
Bray, Wm. v. 309
Brayton, Ch. vii. 298
Brearly, D. x. 283
Breathitt, J. vi. 328
Breckenridge,
R. v. 320
Bridges, S. E. x. 278
Briggs, D. ix. 306
Brinkley,Bp. viii. 288
Bristol, Wm. viii. 301
Brodhead, J. x. 290
Brodnax,
Wm. H. vii. 298
Brookes, J. v. 309
Brooks, Col. ix. 306
Brougham, J. vi. 319
Brouwere,
J. K. J. vii. 298
Brown, H. x. 283
Brown, J. vii. 298
Brown, J. viii. 302
Brown, J. T. ix. 307
Brown, Moses ix. 307
Brown, W. L. ii. 310
Browne, J. x. 283
Brownson, I
Brue,
Bruyn,
A. D. W.
Bryan, H. H. vii. 298
Buckner, A. v. 317
Bulkley,Ch. viii. 302
Bull, Th. ix. 315
Bunn, J. viii. 302
Bunner, R, x. 233
Burder, G. v. 308
Burgeois. M. viii. 302
Burgess, Bp. ix. 304
Burney, Wm. v. 308
Burr, Aaron ix. 308
Burt, Benj. vii. 298
Burton, A. viii. 302
Burton, E. viii. 290
Burton, H.G. viii. 302
Bushe, G. M. ix. 309
Butler, C. v. 301
Butler, E. x. 290
Butler, J. viii. 302
Butler, J. O. v. 309
Butler, Wm. x. 290
Butson, Bp. viii. 294
Byer, H. viii. 302
X. 290
V, 309
X. 290
Cadore,
Duke of vii. 287
Caldwell, vii. 299
Caldwell, M. ix. 315
Campbell, A. x. 283
Campbell,
J. W. vi. 324
Carey, Wm. vii. 287
Carlsimo, vii. 299
Carnarvon, v. 310
Carroll, Ch. v. 312
VI. VII. VIII. IX. X.
1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839.
Vol. Pape.
Cotton, R. ix. 315
Coulter, J. X. 290
Courtenay,
J. C. vii. 299
Cox, J. X. 283
Crabbe, G. v. 297
Craig, J. J. X. 290
Crawford, D. vii. 299
Crawford,
M. viii. 302
Crawford,
W. H. vi. 330
Crockett, D. viii. 302
Crosby, E. vii. 299
Croes, Bp. iv. 311
Cruikshank,
J. viii. 302
Cuffee, J. viii. 302
Curtis, Abp. iv. 311
Cuvier, Baron v. 300
CushingjJ.P. vii. 299
Vol. Page.
Carr, D. ix. 315
Carr, Sir John v. 309
Carter, T. J. x. 290
Cervetto, J. ix. 303
Chalmers, A. vii. 292
Chamberlain,
J. C. vii. 299
Chamberlain,
W. ii. 311
Chanipany, vii, 287
Champion,E. vii. 299
Champollion,
J. F. v. 298
Chapman, S. viii. 297
Chaptal, V. 303
Charles,
Landgr. ix. 295
Charles X. ix. 300
Chatham, viii. 289
Chemiotte,
A. viii. 290
Cheever, A. x. 283
Cheverus, viii. 296
Child, A. vi. 325
Childs, D. vii. 299
Chittenden,
N. vii. 299
Cilley, J. X. 290
Clark, E. viii. 297
Clark, J. ix. 315
Clark, G.J.F. ix. 309
Clark, J. ix. 309
Clarke, A. v. 304
Clarke, F. v. 309
Cleaveland,
N. ix. 315
Clementi, M. v. 299
Clymer, G. vii. 299
Cobb, Th. V. 313
Cobbett, W. Vii. 294
Coburn,
B. H. viii. 302
Coffee, J. V. 318
Coffee, J. ix. 309
Coffin, J. X. 290
Cogswell,
M. F. iii. 306
Colburn, W. v. 320
Colden, C. D. vi. 325
Cole, D. viii. 302
Colebrooke,T. x. 276
Coleridge,
S. T. vii. 287
Collins, R. vi. 324
Colman, A. ix. 315
Colman, G. ix- 299
Colton, C. C. v. 299
Colton, W. vii. 299
Comis, E. ix. 315
Condy, Th. H. v. 320
Constable, J. ix. 305
Cook, Eliz. vii. 293
Cooper, Ed. v. 310
Coote, C. viii. 290
Coray,A. v. 311
Cornelius, E. iv. 307
Cornplanter,
viii. 303
Corrie, Bp. x. 276
Dalhousie, x.
Damremont, x.
Dana, S. viii.
Dane, N. vii.
Daniel, Wm. x.
Dantzel, Gen. ii.
Da Ponte, L. x.
Daroy, E. vi.
Davidson, J. ix.
Davis, Amos vii.
Davis, Aq. vii.
Davis,Mrs. C. ix.
Davis, D. viii.
Davis, J. X.
Davis, W.R. vii.
Davy, Sir H.
Dawson,
Day, Ch.
Dearborn, B.
Demmiug, B
1.
vii.
ix.
X.
F.
vi.
vi.
vii.
Dennis, L. P
Derby,
De Sacy, Bar. x.
De Witt, J. iv.
De Witt, S. vii.
De Wolfe, x.
Dickenson, C. ix.
Dickinson,J. viii.
Dickinson,
S. F, X.
Dickson, D. viii.
Diebitch, C. iii.
Dinsmoor, S. vii.
Disborough,
D. W. X.
Dixwell, J. vii.
Doddridge, P. v.
Donaldson,
W. vii.
Donnison, W. vi.
Donovan, Ed. ix.
Dougherty,
T. M. X.
Doughty, J. X.
Dover, Lord v.
Dow, Lorenzo vl.
281
279
297
299
277
308
290
325
301
300
300
295
297
290
300
295
300
299
290
329
328
291
281
305
300
283
309
297
290
302
309
300
283
300
313
300
326
303
29S
283
311
326
INDEX.
82J
VoU. I.
Years. 1830,
n.
1831,
III.
1832,
IV.
1833,
V.
1834,
VI.
1835,
VII.
1836,
VIII.
1837,
IX.
1838,
X.
1839.
Vol. Page. I Vol. Page. Vol. Page.
Doyle, Bp. vi. 323 Fonblanque, | Gregg, J. viii. 303
^ J. ix. 302 Grenville, vi, 320
Fossit, Th
Drake, G. K. i.x. 316
Drake, J. ix. 309
Drake, N.
Drew, Saral
Dromgoole,
E.
ix. 294
viii. 302 Grey, Bp.
vii. 302 Grillin, E. D.
vii. 293 Griffin, Th-
vii. 302 Griffin, C.
Foster, S
v. 310 j Francis II
Frank, A.
vii. 300' Franklin, W. viii. 302 Grimke,
Duane,Wm. viii. 297 Freeman, J. viii, 298: Tii. S.
Dubois, Bar. ix. SOSjFreneau, P. v. 313 Gustavus, A
Dudley, Lord v. 310) Fuller, T, vii. 302 1
DuHef, N. G. vi. 322 Fulton, J. H, viii. 303|Haile, Wm.
Duman, S. G. vii. 300j | Hait, T,
Dumas, C.
Dunlap, A,
Dunton, W.
Du Pont, J.
Dupnytren,
ix. 305
X. 284
ix. 319
X. 284
vii. 303
ix. 303
ix. 316
x, 293
x. 293
X. 279i Galusha, J. i. 302 [ Hale, A. M.
vii. 300'Gambier, Lordv. 310 Hale, Rev. E. ix. 316
viii. 303
vii. 303
V. 314
iii. 307
vii. 303
ii. 311
vii. 302
vi. 326 [Hamilton, A. vii. 303
X, 283 Hamilton, J, x. 284
X. 292 1 Hamilton, J. ii. 308
vi. 326 Hamilton, J. vi. 325
ix. 316
vii. 300; Gamble, Col. ix. 309 Hall, B.
vii. 300:Ganihl, viii. 295 Hall, E, L.
vii, 293!Gannett, B. ix. 316 j Hall, John
Dwight, H.E. iv, 311 ] Gardiner, J. x, 292 ' Hall, R.
|Gardiner,J.B. ix. 316 Hall, R.
Easton, V. x. 291 [Gardiner, Hall, Sir Jaa. v. 309
Edmond, W. x. 291 J.S.J. ii. 311 Hamersley,
Edson, C. V. 320, Gardner, F. vii. 3021 W. ix. 316
Edwards, Garrott, VV
B. W. X. 283' Gaston, W.
Edwards, N. v. 3l8;Gatliff, C.
Egbert, Th. vii. 302 Gates, H.
Eldon, Earl ofx. 280 Gay, L.
Elliot, O. ix. 316jGeisseuhainer,
Elliott, R, X. 29l| Dr. x. 292
Elvington, viii. 287|Gell, Wm. viii. 293
Elwell, M. vii. S02,Genlis, M. de iii- 306
Emery, Bp. viii. 297^ Genet, E. C. vii. 302
Espoz y Mina, ix. 302, George IV. ii. 311
Esterhazy,Pr. vi. 317] Gerard, F.
Evans, John vi. 329 Gervaise,
Evans, M. vi. 330'Getman, M.
Evarts, J, iii. 308 Gibbon, J.
Ewing, Ch. iv. 311 Gibbs, Geo,
Exmouth, v. 309 Gile, S.
Giles, W. B
ix. 302
Fairchild, R. vii. 302
Parish, Prof. ix. 302
Farley, C
Farlin, D. x. 283
Farmer, J. x. 291
Farnham,J.H. v. 318
Farnum, J. x. 283
Faucett, J. ix. 305
Fea, Abate ix. 294
Fenwick, Bp, iv. 311
Ferguson, vii. 302
JFerguson, J. viii. 302
Pessenden,
T. G.
Eield, M.
Findlay, J,
Fish, N.
Fiske, C,
Fiske, J.
Fiske, J. J.
Piske, Dr. O. ix. 316
[Fitzherbert, ix. 305
Fitzwilliam,
Fleming, J.
Flewellen,
W.
Flint, D.
Floyd, J.
Foley, Th.
Gillies,Dr.J. viii. 393
Girard, S. iv. 506
v. 315[Gloucester,D.vii. 291
Gloninger,
J. viii. 303
Godman, J. ii. 310
Godwin, W. viii. 295
Goethe, J. W. v. 298
Goldsborough,
C. W. vii. 303
Goldsborough,
R. H. ix. 309
Goodacre,R. viii. 290
Goodrich, S. vii. 303
Goodwin, S.E. v. 315
Gordon, viii. 296
Gouge, J. X. 292
Gould, J, X. 292
Graham, C. x. 293
Graham, J. ix, 309
Grant, A. F. viii, 303
Grant, Wm. v, 303
Hamnions,
J. viii, 303
Hampton,
Gen, W, vii. 303
HarcourtjEarl ii, 311
Harding, vii. 290
Harper, C, C, ix. 316
Harper, F. J. ix. 316
viii. 289 {Harris, Wm. ii. 308
vi. 328 Harrison, T. x. 284
vii. 303 Hart, Dr. J. viii. 303
V. 319 1 Hartshorn, R. ix. 310
ix. 309 {Hathaway, J. ix, 310
iii, 306|Hauser, C. vi. 318
x. 283
vi, 324
viii, 298
V, 319
vii. 302
X, 283
X, 291
V, 310
ix, 316
vii. 302
X, 292
ix, 316
v. 310
Graves, R, x, 284
Gray, Bp, vii. 290
Grayson,P.W. x, 293
Greene, Gard, v. 313
Greene, S, vii. 303
Greenleaf, M. vi. 328
Gregg, A. vii. 303
V. V.
320
v.
314
vi.
313
11.
312
VI
330
VI.
317
X.
293
viii.
303
Vll.
303
IV.
310
Hawes,Dr.A. vii. 303
Hawes, Dr. i
Hawkins, P,
Haworth,
A. D,
Hay, George
Heard, John
Heber, R.
Hedderi, J,
Heilman,
J. F,
Heister, G,
Heister, J,
HemansjMrs. vii, 293
Hemphill, A. x. 284
Henderson, L, v, 320
Henry, Wm. ix. 296
Herrick, R. ix. 316
Hersey, E. ix. 310
Heth, Joice viii. 303
Hicks, E. ii. 309
Hicks, S. vii. 303
Hicks, S. X. 284
Hidden, S. ix. 316
Higginbotham,
T. vii. 303
Hildebrand, P. v. 313
Hildreth, H. vii. 303
Hill, Rev, R. v, 310
I Vol. Page.
Hillhouse, J, v, 313
Hilson, Th. vi. 329
Hinckley, O. x. 284
Hirt, A, X. 277
IHite, J. ix. 310
Hobart, Bp. ii. 312
Hoffman,J.O. ix. 316
Hoffman, W. v. 315
Hogg,James viii. 290
Holmes, A, ix, 316
Holt, J. E. V. 312
Home, Sir E, v. 304
Hopkins, S,M, x. 284
Hoppel, J.A. viii. 303
Horner, Dr. vii. 291
Horry, E. vii. 304
Horsburgh,
J- viii. 295
Hosack, D. viii. 298
House, Jas. vii. 304
Houston, R. vi. 328
Howard, Dr. v. 320
Howard, J. vii. 304
Howard, W. vi. 330
Howard,
S. L. viii. 298
Howe, H. X. 293
Howe, N. ix. 318
Hubbard, Th. x. 293
Huber, F. iv. 306
Hul(3iand,Dr. ix. 296
Hulse, Sir S. ix, 302
Humboldt,
Wm. vii. 293
Hummel, J.N. x. 279
HuinphreySjJ. x. 293
Hungerford,
J. P, vi. 325
Hunsicker,
H. viii. 303
Hunt, H. vii. 293
Hunt, W. G. V. 320
Hunter, J. ix. 303
Huntingibrd, v. 308
Huntington, vi. 329
Hurley, M. ix. 318
Huston, E. vii. 304
Hyde, Dr. A, vi. 325
Inglis,H. D. viii. 294
Inglis, J.
Ipsilanti, N.
Irish, G.
Irving, Ed.
Irving, J. T,
vi. 319
V. 310
ix. 310
vii. 291
x. 293
Jackson, R. S. x, 293
Jacquemont,
V, V, 309
James, J, viii, 296
Jarman, J, vii, 304
Jarvis, W.C. ix. 310
Jay, John i. 295
Jebb, Bp. vi. 318
Jefferson, E. ix. 318
Jekil, J. X, 276
Jennings, J, vi, 329
Johnson,C.C. iv. 310
Johnson, O. ix. 318
S33
INDEX.
Vols. I.
Years. 1830,
11.
1831,
III.
1832,
IV.
1833,
V.
1834,
VI.
1835,
VII.
1836,
VIII.
1837,
IX.
1838,
X
183S
Vol. Pa?e.
Johnson, W. vi. 329
Johnston, J. ix. 304
Johnston, J. S. v. 315
Jourdan, vi. 307
Jumper, x. 293
Kane, E. K. viii. 298
Kean, A. x. 285
Kean, Ed. v. 311
Kearney, F. x. 285
Keats, R. G. vi. 321
Kellv, Abp. vi. 322
Kelsey, R. i. 300
Kent, J. X. 285
Kenton, S. viii. 303
Kieler, Prof. v. 309
Kilgour, C. J. ix. 318
Kimball, J. H. x. 293
Kindeldon, A. x. 285
King, Ed. viii. 303
King, E. W. ix. 310
King, J. ix. 310
King, Lord v. 311
Kingsbury, J. ix. 318
Kinnard, G.L. ix. 310
Kinsley, M. vii. 304
Kip, I. L. ix. 318
Knapp, S. L. x. 294
Knowles, J.D. x. 294
Krepps, S, G. v, 318
Vol. Pas-e.
Livingston, vi. 328
Livingston,
E. viii. 304
Livingston, J. v. 313
LJungstedt,
Sir A. viii. 289
Lloyd, Ed. vi. 329
Lloyd, B. X. 279
Longley,W. viii. 304
Loomis, L. viii. 304
Louis, Baron x. 277
Lovejov, E. P. X. 285
Lovell,"j. ix. 310
Lowell, J. viii. 304
Lumsden,
viii.
295
McMurray,
Lusk, J.
X.
294
W.
vm.
298
Lyman, H.
vii.
304
McNairv, J.
X.
285
Lyman, L.
ix.
318
McNutt,
Lynde, C.
vui.
305
H. W.
X.
286
Lacock, A. ix.
Lafayette, vi.
Lamar, J. iii.
Lamar,L.Q.C.vi.
Lamarque, v.
Lamb, Ch. vii.
Lamb, J. x.
Lander, R. vi.
Lang, J. viii.
Lang, R. U. ix.
Lamed, Ch. vi.
Latham, J. ix.
Law, Th. vi.
Lawler, J. x.
Lawless, J. x.
Lawrence, T. ii.
Lax, Rev. W. ix.
Leach, Sir J. vii.
Learned, ED. x.
Leasure, J. viii.
Leavenworth,
H. vi.
Le Baron, L. ix.
Lee, L. viii.
Lee, T. G. ix.
Le Grand, N. x.
Leland, A. iv.
Lemaire, v.
Lemon, R. viii.
Lent, Jas. v.
Leo, Xn. i.
Leslie, Sir J. v.
Lewis, C. vii.
Lincoln, B. vii.
Linton, W.C. vii.
Listen, Sir R. ix.
Littlefield,
E. B. viii.
318
322
305
329
309
292
285
320
304
318
330
304
329
294
277
309
300
290
285
304
329
310
304
310
294
311
309
287
315
291
307
304
304 1
304 1
295 1
3041
311
ix. 298
vi. 328
Macdonald, J. v. 309
Mackintosh, J. v. SOI
Macon, T. x. 294
Macon, N. ix. 318
Madison, J. viii. 305
Magee, E. vii. 304
Magraw, J. viii. 298
Maguire, i)r. v. 319
Malcomb, J.
Malibran,
de B.
Malhiot, M.
Mallary,R.C. iii. 308
Mallet, A. vii. 304
Mallet, Col. iv. 306
Malthus,T.R. vii. 292
Mardis, S.W. ix. 319
Marks, L. x. 285
Marsden, W. ix. 299
Marshall, J. vii. 305
Marshall.Th. vii. 308
Marshman,J. x. 279
Martignac, M. iv. 308
Martin, D. iii. 309
Mariin,DuBois V. 313
Martin, Jas. v. 319
Martin, W.B. vii. 3o4
Martin, W.D. vi. 324
Martos, I. P. vii. 287
Mason, J.
Mathews, C
Mathias,
T. J. viii. 288
Mavor, Wm. x. 279
Maynard, J. vii. 308
Mayne, J. viii. 294
May son, C. C. x. 285
McAdam,J.L. ix. 301
McChesnev,
R. " vii. 308
McCormick,
D. vi. 326
McCrie, Th. viii. 288
McCuUoch,
J. H. ix. 311
McDaniel, A. vii. 308
McDonald, D. ii. 312
iMcGregore,J.vii. 308
iv. 306
vii. 296
Vol. Pa?e.
Mcllvaine, J. x. 294
Mcintosh, A. vi. 324
McKendree, vii. 308
McKenzie, H. iii. 306
McKim, A. iv. 307
McKim, L x. 294
McLean, F. ix. 319
McLean, J. ii. 312
McLellan, B. ix. 311
McLene, J. ix. 319
McLeod, Dr.A. v. 315
McMahon,
W. ix. 302
McMiilan,Dr. vi. 324
McMurray,
W. viii. 298
McNairy, J. x. 285
McNutt,
H. W. X. 286
McRae, Wm. v. 317
Meade, Dr. W. v. 320
Means, R. ix. 311
Melville, Th. v. 312
Merrill, T. viii. 307
Messer, Dr.A. ix. 311
Miel, Ch. viii. 307
Mill, Jas.
Miller, B. J.
Miller, S. D
Miltimore,
J.
Minns, Th.
Minor, J.
Minor, Th.
MitcheIl,D.B. ix. 319
Mitchell,G.E. iv. 310
Mitchell, S.L. iii. 310
Mitchell,
S. M.
Mohler, Dr
Moll, Dr.
Monroe, J.
Montgomery, vi. 328
Montrose, D. ix. 302
Mooers, B. x. 295
Moore, A.
Moore, E.
Moore, J.
Moore, L. H
More,Hannah vi. 313
Morey, S. ix. 311
Morgan, Wm. v. 311
Morghen, R. v, 310
Morrill, E. ix. 319
Morrill, Th. x. 295
Morrison, R. vii. 290
Mortier, viii. 287
Morton, J.
Morton, P.
Morton, Th.
Mosher, H.
Motherwell,
W.
Moxley, N. viii. 307
Munson, S. vii. 304
Murphy, J. x. 295
Murray, W. viii. 307
Myers, S. ix. 311
ix.
294
X.
286
X.
295
viii.
307
vm
307
IV.
307
VI.
329
viii. 299
X. 281
X. 280
iii. 309
ix. 319
v. 315
X. 295
ix. 311
ix. 311
i X. 286
X. 281
vii. 308
viii. 289
Vol. Pa
Neckere, Bp. v. S.
Nelson, Earl vii. 2
Nelson, Hugh
viii. 3(j7
Nevens, W. viii. 307
Newburgh,
Earl of v. 311
Newcomb, ii. 309
Newell, H. vii. 308
Newton,
G. S. viii. 288
Nichol, J. V. 317
Nichols, P. X. 295
Nicholson, C. x. 276
Nimmo, A. v. 308
North, W. viii. 307
Oden, B. ix. 311
O'Keefe, J. v. 310
Oliver, B. L. vii. 308
Oliver, R. vii. 308
0'Meara,B.E. ix. 294
O'Neal, J. x. 295
Ordwav, N. viii. 307
Oriani, B. v. 308
Orr, A. D. vii. 308
Orr, R. v. 320
Oseola, X. 295
Otis, C. X. 286
Ottley, W. Y. ix. 294
Owen, G. W. x. 286
Palfray, W. x. 296
Palmer, S. vii. 308
Parish, J. viii. 307
Park, J. J. v. 311
Parke, B. vii. 308
Parker, L ii. 311
Parker, N. vi. 324
Parker, S. E. ix. 312
Parker, S. J. vii. 308
Parmentier,
N. S. vii. 308
Parrott,J.F. viii. 307
Pascalis, Dr. v. 319
Patterson, W. x. 296
Patterson,
W. D. viii. 307
Patterson,
W. vii. 308
Patton, D. X. 296
Pawling, A. x. 286
Pavne, W. x. 286
Peabody, O. iii. 309
Pearce, Eliz. v. 315
Pearson, J. vii. 308
Peck, Geo. vi. 328
Peck, J. H. viii. 308
Pemberton, vii. 309
Pennington,
S. vii. 309
Perier, C. v. 300
Perkins, N. x. 296
Perrine, Dr. viii. 308
Peters, J. T. vi. 330
Petronj, S. E. x. 280
Pettit, A. ix. 319
Physic, P. S. X. 286
Pickens, A. x. 296
INDEX.
323
Vols. I.
Years. 1830,
II.
1831,
III.
1832,
IV.
1833,
V.
1834,
VI.
1835,
VII.
183S,
VIII.
1837,
IX.
1838,
X.
1839.
Vol. Page.^
Pickering, T. i. 291
Pickman,
B. T. vii. 309
Pinkney, C. vii. 309
Pitcher, N. viii. 308
Pitchlynn, J. vii. 309
Pitkin, J. B. vii. 309
Piatt, Jonas
Pleasants, J
Plymouth,
Earl of
Pocock, I.
Polewhele, R
Politz,
Polk, Wm.
Pomfret,
Earl of
Poniatowski,
Pond, John
Pods, L.
Ponsonby, F.
Pope, W.
Portal,
Porter, A. M.
Vol. Pa
Richardson,
W. M.
Ries, F.
Ripley, H.
Ripley, J. W. vii
296
280
306
309
Ripley, H. ix. 312
Rippon, J. ix. 302
vi. 328'Ritchie, Wm. x. 278
ix. 312 Robertson, G. ix. 312
Robinson, C. v. 311
v. 311 Robinson, J. x. 297
viii. 288 Robinson,
281 J. W. x. 297
281 Robinson, P. viii. 308
326 Rochester, N. iii. 308
Rochester,
W. B. X. 297
Rodman, S. viii. 299
296jRogers, J. x. 297
305 Rogers, R. vii. 309
302 Rogers, T.
296 Roper, W.
309 Ropes, J.
303 Roscoe, H
311
310
IX.
iv.
ix.
X.
vii. 309
vi. 323
X. 297
Vol. P
Schaeffer, viii.
Schlegel, F. i.
Schleiermach-
er, Dr. vi.
Schmuck, J. vii.
Schopenhauer,
B. X.
Schulze, Prof, v,
Schuyler,
P. J. vii.
Schweinitz, vi.
Scott, Rev.J. vii.
Scott, Walter v.
Scriba, G. ix.
Scudder, J. A. ix.
Seaman, N. iii.
Seawell, H. viii.
Selden, W.C. vii.
Senter, Asa vii.
Sestini, v.
Seymour, H. ix.
Shackford, J. ix.
Porter, Eben. vi. 328 Roscoe, W.
Porter, El. vi. 325 Rose, Dr. D.
Porter, G. B. vi. 329 Rose, R. S.
Porter, Th.
Porter, N. x. 286 Rothschild,
Porter, I. ix. 319 N. M.
Potter, E. R. vii. 309 Rovigo,
Pradt, Abbe ix. 304 Duke of
X. 296 Rowan, Dr.
ix. 319 Rowley, G.
Shaler, Wm. v.
viii. 294'Shannon, G. ix.
iii. 309[Sheffey, D. iii.
vi. 324 Shelbv, S. vi.
viii. 299 Sheldon, P. x.
317 Rosslyn, Earl ix. 302 Shellman, J. x.
|Shepher(i,J.L. ix.
viii. 296 Shingledecker,
I A. x.
V. 311 Sibley, J. vi.
Pratt, H. x. 296 Rowan, Dr. vii. 309 SickJer,
Prentiss, J. ix. 319 Rowley, G. ix. 299| F. C. L. ix.
Preston, F. vii. 309 Rumford, C. viii. 293 Siddons, Mrs. iii.
Prince, J. viii. 308 Russell, H. viii. 308 Sieves, Abbe viii.
Prince, O. H. x. 286 Russell, J. iv. 303 Simeon, C. ix.
Pritchard, Ruthven, jSimons, K. vii.
B. B. vii. 309 E. S. viii. 294 Simpson, T. viii.
Prighe, O, vii. 294 Rutter, M. M. ix. 320 Sinclair, J. viii.
Rvder, Bp. viii. 294 Singleton,
Ralston, R. viii. 308 Ryerson, M.J. x. 286| T. D.
Ramsay, W. iv. 305 Ryerson, T.C. x. 297 Sisco, J.
Randolph, J. v. 316 ISkinner, R
Randolph, ix. 312 Sabine, J. ix. 303 Slade, Ch.
vi. 329 Sacy, De x. 281 Slater, S.
vi. 324 Sadler, M.T. viii. 287 Smedley, Ed. ix.
ii. 309 St. Leu, {Smith, Ch. viii.
Rawle,Wm. viii. 308 Duchess of x. 278 Smith, F. ii.
Rawlings, J. x. 296 Saint Martin, 'Smith, Dr. J. v.
Raynouard,F. ix. 299 J. v. 303 Smith, John viii.
Ravneval, de ix. 295 Saltonstall, Smith, N. viii.
Read, Th. x. 296 G. vii. 309 Smith, Phe. viii.
Read, Geo. i.x. 312 Salter, M. x. 297 Smith, Peter ix.
ix. 312 Sampson, W. ix. 312 Smith, S. vii.
iii. 307 Sanders, S. vii. 309 Smith, Prof. v.
ix. 319 Sandford, D.K. X. 281 Smith, Wm. vii.
X. 281 Sands, R. C. v. 313 Snow, J. ix.
vii. 309 Sargent, J. v. 311 Soane, Sir J. ix.
Saumarez, ix. 299 Somerville,Th.ii.
V. 303 Saubert, X, viii. 308 Sotheby, W. vi.
X. 296 Savary, Rene v. 311 Sparhawk,
V. 302 Savage, S. ix. 320 E. V. x.
ii. 310 Say, J. B. v. 308 Sparhawk, S. vii.
iii. 310 Say, Th. vii. 309 Sparke, Bp. viii.
ix. 312 Scarpa, Ant. v. 307 Spencer, Earl vii.
V. 312|Schachipkaka, Spencer, J. ix.
ix. 320 viii. 308 SpooDer,W. viii.
Rapp, F.
Rankins, C.
Ravenscroft,
Reade, S. J.
Reed, J.
Reed, Wm.
Reeve, J.
Reeze, W. J.
Reichstadr,
Duke of
Reilay, J,
Remusat, A.
Rennel, J.
Rice, J. H.
Rice, L.
Richard, G.
Riddle, J.
VI.
viii,
VI,
vii
a?e.; Vol. Pa^e.
309 Sprouse, M. x. 297
290 Spurzheim,
I Dr. v. 307
320 Stack, Gen. E. vi. 319
310 Standifer, J. ix. 313
[Stanley, John v. 319
281 Stanford, J. vi. 326
309 Starr, H. x. 297
; Starr, J. x. 297
310 Staughton,
326' D. J. M. V. 319
291 Staughton,
305| Wm. ii. 309
312 Stephen, Jas. v. 306
312 Stephen, J. vii. 310
310 Sterrett, S. v. 318
299 Stevens, B. viii. 309
310 Stevens, J. x. 297
310 Stevenson,
309! J. S. iv. 305
320 Stevenson, J. iv. 307
320 Stevenson,
315| J. G. vii. 310
312 Stewart, Bp. ix. 305
306lStockton, E. x. 286
323 'Stockton,
297 1 L. H. vii. 310
297;Stockton,
320 S. W. ix. 313
'Stockton.
297 1 Wm. ' x. 298
326, Stone, W. M. x. 298
IStorch, H.F.viii. 289
295 Storer, C. iii. 305
309 Storrs, H. R. ix. 320
296|Stowell,
300 i Lord, viii. 292
31U, Strong, O. iv. 310
299 Stuart, P. ii. 312
290 Sudam, J. vii. 310
ISuffield,
3251 Lord viii. 287
309 Sullivan, G. x. 298
316!Sumter, Gen. iv. 309
329, Sutherland,
310 Duke V. 311
295 Sykes, F. x. 286
309
312|Tacon^Don, vii. 310
Viii. 299
319lTait, Ch
309|Talcott,
299 S. A. viii. S09
309 Talcott, H. viii. 309
320 Talleyrand, x. 281
310 Tallmadge,
314 B. vii. 310
294 Tarleton, Gen. v. 309
.320 Taylor, A. viii. 309
302 Taylor, C. viii. 309
310 Taylor, R. B. vi. 328
319 Taylor, Th. vi. 324
Taylor, Th. viii. 289
297 Teignmouth, vi. 321
310 Telford, Th. vii. 290
295 Tenterden,
291 Lord, v. 309
313 Thomas, I. iii. 308
309 Thomas, J. x. 298
934
INDEX.
Vols. I.
Years. 1830,
II.
1831,
III.
1832,
:v.
1833,
V.
1834,
VI.
1835,
VII.
1836,
VIII.
1837,
IX.
1838,
X.
1839.
Vol. Page
Thompson,A. iii. 307
Thompson,
A. R. X. 286
Thompson
Ch. viii. 309
Thompson,D. ix. 313
Thompson,
P. R. X. 286
TTiompson.W. V. 318
Thorndyke, I. iv. 309
Thorndyke,
R. vii. 311
Thornton,
J. B. X. 298
Thornton,
R.J.
Tiarks, J. L
Tilton, J.
Tod, John
Torrey, D.
Trantham, B. vi. 325
Trask, N. ix. 320
Tread well,
J. D.
Trimble, J.
Trott, J.
Troughton,
E.
Troup, R
ix. 303
ix. 294
X. 287
ii. 310
X. 298
Vol. Pd?e. Vol. Page.
Vanhook, R. vii. 311 Wharton,
Van Ness, ^ Jesse, v. 319
Mrs. vi. 329 Whipple. Dr.
Van Mildert, | Th. ' vii. 311
Bp. viii. 293iWhitcomb,
Van Vechten, | J. vii. 311
A. ix. 320 White, Bp. viii. 310
Varick, R. iii. 309 White, D. vii. 311
Varnum, J. viii. 309 White, J. ii. 310j Winter, Dr
Vaughan, B. viii. 300 White, Mrs. ix. 3131 Wirt, Wm.
Vol. Page.
Williston,
E. B. X. 287
Wilson, J. P. iii. 306
Wilson, F. A. ii. 311
Wingate, P. x. 298
Winston, F. vii. 312
Winston,
H. G.
Vaux, R. viii. 309 Whitehead, viii. 308
Vigo, F. viii. 310 Whitehead,
Vose, II, ix. 320 1 W,
Vose, R. R. viii, 310
ix. 321
vii. 311
vi. 325
V. 318
viii. 309
ix. 313
vii. 294
iv. 307
Trueba, De viii. 280
Whitfield,
Abp.
Whitley, E.
Whitlock,
Mrs.
Whitman, B. vii. 311
Wiffin, J. H. ix. 294
Wight, H.
Wilberforce
W.
viii. 294
ix. 321
V. 312
X. 298
ix, 313
ix. 313
vi. 313
vi. 326
vii. 312
ix. 321
v. 317
vii. 312
ix. 313
ix. 313
vii. 312
vi. 317
vii. 312
vi. 317
X. 299
Wainwright,
L. vi. 319
Waithman,R. v. 310
Wakefield, P. v. 305
Wallace, A. vii. 311
Wallack. R. viii. 301
Walker, T. ix. 321
Walker, Th. viii. 290
Wain, R. viii. 310 Wilcox, J
Wapples, S. vi. 330 Wilder, L
Ward, A. vi. 321 Wildman,
Ward, Bp. x. 281 Z
Ward, Earl ; Wilkins, Sir
Dudley v. 310 C. viii. 295 Woronzo,
Warden J. ix. 313 Willey, A. vii. 3121 Count v. 309
Trumbull. J. iii. SOSi Wardle, G. L. vi. 317; William IV. x. 276 Worthington.
Tucker, G. S. vi. 326 Washington, IWilliams, E. v. 318| G. ix. 314
Tucker, Com. I B. ii. 308 Wi]liams,E. viii. 301; Worthington,
S. V. 315|Waterman,J. ix. 321iWi]liams,G. vi. 320| P. v. 320
Tudor, Wm. ii. 309 Waters, W. viii. 310 Williams, J. viii. 301 Wrangman
Turnbull,R.T. V. 318lWatts,J "
Wisner, B
Wolcott, F,
Wolcott, O.
Wood, A.
Wood, L.
Wood, S.
Woodbury,
P.
Woodhouse,
Dr.
Woodhull,
Dr.
Wooll,
Woolsey,
M. T.
(Worcester, B. ix. 314
viii. 301 , Worcester, E. ix. 313
Worcester, N. x. 299
Turner, E.
Turner, W.
Unvpins, D,
Upton, J.
Valpy, Dr.
Vance, G,
ix. 304 Webster, J.
X. 287 1 Webster,
S. C
X. 278! Weld, Th.
X. 298 Welles, S.
I Wendell,
viii. 294 J. H.
ix. 313; Williams, J. ix. 321
ix. 321 (Williams,
j J. W. ix. 321
vii. 311 (Williams,
ix. 305 N. viii. 301
vii. 311 Williams,
I N. W.
iv, 310 Williams,
18
J. Til. 312
Wraxall, Sir
N. iv. 306
Wyld, Jas. ix. 299
ix. 305: Wesley, Ch. vii. 2871 P. T
Van Cortlandt, I Wesley, S. x. Williams, S. vii. 312
P. iv. 306,Westall,R. ix. 301 Williamson,
Van Dyck, vii. 31l| Wharton, Dr. v. 3191 M. viii. 311
Yates, Dr. R. vii. 290
Yates, J. C. ix. 321
Yeatman, Th. v. 318
vii, 312) Young, S.
X. 301
Zach, Baron v, 304
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" There is a constant liveliness in the narrative, which makes \
its charm perpetual. The student of history may get precise and |
valuable information from volumes which will carry along the |
mere novel-reader fairly to their close." — Boston Daily Advertiser .
\ '' It is with more than common gratification we call attention
\ to this remarkable work, — perhaps the most remarkable work,
J taken altogether, that has yet issued from the American press." —
\ Keio York American.
I " We look upon these volumes with perfect delight. * Exegi
i monumentum .' ' may well be the exclamation of Mr. Prescott ; for
I he has indeed erected a column, from which 'decay's effacing
I fingers ' will strive in vain to remove the record of his honorable
j fame." — National Gazette.
I '' Mr. Prescott has given us a work of the liighest historical
I character; a work of profound and original research, destined to
J take its place among the great English masterpieces in that de-
I partment of literature, — by the side of Robertson, Hume, and ;;
I Gibbon." — Kational Intelligencer.
I " The subject possesses an American interest. It embraces the -
I period when, by the discovery of our continent, the two worlds ■
I became permanently connected. * * * * ^ bright day is
: certainly dawning on American literature. We are sure public
: opinion will give, as its verdict, that Mr. Prescott has done honor,
:: not to himself only, but to his country; and that his work will
maintain a distinguished place among the best historical produc-
' tions of the age." — Washington Globe.
\ " No work of magnitude from the American press has ever met ;
) with a more cheering reception, both at home and abroad. In less ;
I than six months, four editions in this country and in England have
I been exhausted, and we now have another edition even more ele
I gantly printed than the first. We consider this work as of national \
I consequence, and we are sure that national credit is to redound :
I from its extensive circulation abroad." — PhVadelphia U. S. Gazette.
" Among the fruits of these studies, the admirable work now
under consideration, taken in all respects, holds the first rank.
We do not believe that there can be found, in the whole range of
modern English writers, a work which exhibits a more minute |
and lynx-eyed investigation of facts and circumstances than is to
be found in the present volumes; and in every page, we have been j
I reminded of that untiring patience and careful discrimination,
I which have given celebrity to the great, though not always im-
partial, historian of the DecUne and Fall of tlie Roman Empire."
— Keio York Reviexc.
" Decidedly the most beautiful volumes issued from the Amer-
ican press. The engravings, the title-paore, the paper, and print-
ing, are in the highest style of the art, equ:il, in fact, to almost any
London specimen book, though the price is not half customarily ,
charged abroad."— Waldie's Select Circulating Library,
i lately published hy C C. Little and James Brotvn.
" This remarkable and important work is the production of an
American. Too much credit cannot be given to Mr. Prescott for
the manner in which he has executed his laborious and important
task. No reader but will be touched by the simple manner in
which he alludes to its temporary suspension. The work is, how-
ever, now complete ; and the valuable History is one without
which no historical library can be complete." — London Literary
Gazette.
" Mr. Prescott's work is an honor, we will not say to the litera-
ture of his country, but of the age." — J\«o York Evening Post.
" A work which reflects lustre on the country, and to which a
high rank in the great historic school of the English language —
especially rich as it is in Spanish subjects — has already been ac- ;
corded. * * * * Such are some of the views which present
themselves as we read this honest and beautiful record, from rare
and authentic sources, of a period rich in revolutions, discoveries, i
and conquests, distinguished by most remarkable personages, new
to the English, and indeed to the continental reader, and to us of
America, bearing a peculiar interest, from the connection which it i
first established between our world and the Old." — United States |
Magazine and Democratic Review. \\
" Mr. Prescott, in regard to both accuracy and candor, has done i;
more service to the cause of Spanish history than any Englishman
prior to the present century. We do not even except the famous
work of Robertson. He has had advantages which were denied to
J his predecessors ; and glad are we to perceive that he has em-
' ployed them to good purpose. He has produced a book, which,
whether for industry or ability, cannot easily be surpassed." —
London Athen(Bum.
" Reading the text alone, one can enjoy a clear, fascinating \
; narrative that has the interest of romance, mingled with political
: reflections, that, to a right mind, have an interest far higher than ;
romance." — Western Messenger.
"To say that Mr. Prescott is faultless, would be absurd; but to ;
say that he has fewer faults than most writers of modern history, !
: is to say the truth. He has availed himself of the fruits of his :
laborious researches and patient investigation to instruct and to |
delight. In a word, the book is a credit to the country of the |
I author, and will, as an historical production, create an era in its
* literary history." — Londo7i Times.
" It is a finished and beautiful specimen of good literature — of
that literature which will constitute one of the memorable points
in the mental progress of our country." — Acmj York Sunday Morn-
ing JS'ews.
" The ability with which this work has been conducted to com-
pletion will command for it a high character as a literary produc-
tion, and any country, however distinguished its literature, might
i justly be proud of it." — Richmond Enquirer.
ji^»».%<.»t»»>^»^<i->->^-»-»-'-' ■' •-' *«■•■*•■♦•«■»*"»•>■•••••«' -•■•^
»»»»»*%»»>'»»* »>»»%%»%%»<^%<^%** J
" We have found the work as entertaining as a novel. If we
give to the world many more such books as this and * Bancroft's
History of the United States,' we shall have earned an undisputed
claim to the title of ' Literary Emporium,' which has been bestowed
upon us, ' half in earnest, half in jest.' " — Boston Courier.
" All these are elaborately detailed by a writer of the rarest
power and eloquence. In beauty of composition, Mr. Prescottis at
least equal to Robertson, while in accuracy and research he very
far surpasses him. To be without such a work as the present,
would be a reproach to any English library." — London Naval and
Military Gazette.
" Mr. Prescott has been more impartial than we could have
imagined, though there are occasional outbreaks of republicanism,
which do not meet our own opinions ; but every way he has suc-
ceeded in preserving a most absorbing interest, and we cannot find
fault with the length or structure of the work. The style is
condensed, vigorous, and manly, — and there are episodes that we
might compare with some of the most beautiful works of the great
historians who have preceded Mr. Prescott, no less even tlian
Hume, Robertson, or Gibbon." — London Torch.
!
HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, from the Dis-
covery of the American Continent By George Bancroft.
4th Edition.
From the Gottingen Reviein for March 31, 1836, written by the
celebrated historical Professor Heeren.
*'We know few modern historic works, in which the author!
has reached so high an elevation at once as an historical inquirer
and an historical writer. The great conscientiousness with which
he refers to his authorities, and his careful criticism, give the most
decisive proofs of his comprehensive studies. He has founded his
narrative on contemporary documents, yet without neglecting
works of later times and of other countries. His narrative is
every where worthy of the subject. The reader is always in- ;
structed, often more deeply interested than by novels or romances.
The love of country is the Muse which inspires the author ; but
this inspiration is that of the severe historian, which springs from
the heart."
Review in the JVorth American. By Governor Everett.
'" A history of the United States, by an American writer, pos-
sesses a claim upon our attention of the strongest character.
" It would do so under any circumstances ; but when we add
that the work of Mr. Bancroft is one of the ablest of the class,
which has for years appeared in the English language; that it
compares advantageously with the standard British historians ;
that, as far as it goes, it does such justice to its noble subject as to
supersede the necessity of any future work of the same kind ; and I
if completed as commenced, will unquestionably forever be re- f
garded both as an American and as an English classic." f
lately published by C. C. Little andJames Brown.
I
From, the National Intelligencer, Washington.
" Here is an original History, the production of a profound schol- ;j
ar, an enlightened and philosophic mind, and untiring research. !;
" Mr. Bancroft's work will be read with interest and profit by i
every one who loves his country.
" It is a work that will establish his own reputation, and add to the
literary reputation of his country. It is to be hoped that his lauda
ble undertaking will be liberally patronized by his countrymen." ;
By Dr. Palfrey, in the North American Review.
" To the excellence of Mr. Bancroft's great work, still in prog
ress, we bore our testimony, at length, on the appearance of its
first volume. The voice of scholars and of the public, at home
and abroad, has confirmed the judgment there expressed of its rare
merit. The completion of this work, which will take a permanent
place among classical histories, is looked for with impatience by
every lover of the country and of letters."
From the Soiithcrn Religious Telegraph, at Richmond.
" The style of the author is easy, unconstrained, purely English, j
and elevated, corresponding with the dignity of his subject. The :!
talent and fidelity commend the undertaking to the liberal patron-
age of the public. * ^ * ^ work reputable to the literature of :
our country, and useful as a rich source of valuable knowledge to
its millions of free and enliglitened citizens."
From the Philadelphia National Gazette.
" Bancroft's History. This gentleman [Mr. Bancroft] is one
of the most accomplished scholars and writers that our country
has produced ; and reliance may be placed as well on his literary
diligence and patriotic zeal, as his general intellectual qualifica-
tions. Magnitude in every sense distinguishes his present under-
taking ; his subject, as he remarks in his preface, has grandeur
and vastness ; but he possesses capacity and energy to compass
and fill it out. The labor of research, collation, and arrangement,
however arduous and tedious, will not exceed his powers nor
overawe his spirit; — all that may be required externally is just
attention and credit from the public for what he shall have accom-
plished as he sends forth his work in successive parts. Mr. Ban- ;
croft can have access to the best sources of information in every
quarter, and he is versed in all the foreign languages from which i
materials may be drawn."
From the Boston Courier.
" We have read these volumes with pleasure and profit. The
second, which is now before us, appears to have been written with ;
greater care, if possible, than the first. Finding that volume quoted j
as authority, and his research and honesty extolled, it is possible
that Mr. Bancroft became sensitive, and decided no doubtful point,
in the second, but after the most close and repeated investigation.
" Such a work is worth the reading, and merits the applause
and the remuneration which a liberal, an enlightened, and a patri-
' otic people will bestow."
^i^^^i^^^V^I^V^VVV^I^ V^^^^i»JVV^VV^iiV^^ilV»^»i%^^^Vi»^rl»%.^r^|i»^i<»^V^i^»^^^^^^>^»*»%i»'^''%^<%^>V^'^%'^l^i'»^'%'%^%i^>^^^i^»<^>»^^%l^»»^
New Works and new Editions in Press.
*. From the New York American.
\ " We consider it a source of congratulation to the whole nation,
J that so accomplished a scholar, so patient an investigator, and so
\ eloquent a writer, has undertaken the much needed task of writing
{ a worthy history of these United States. In the volume before us,
\ we see abundant evidence that, while truth will — at any expense
\ of labor in ferreting it out from the original authorities, instead of
j relying, as is so common, upon the copies of copies — be fearlessly
I spoken, no prescription of time or great names will be allowed to
I sanction error. * * * It willTae received, we feel well assured,
1 as a worthy offering to his country, from one of her able and
1 qualified sons."
I From the Journal of Commerce.
I " We are ere long to have, what we never have had as yet, a
I good, and at the same time a copious history of the United States.
\ In the specimen before us, Mr. Bancroft has shown himself ad-
\ mirably qualified for the undertaking, by an easy and flowing
J style, patience of research, and faithfulness of delinieation. Every
i page, almost, exhibits evidence of careful investigation."
I LATIN SYNTAX, for Schools and Colleges. By Charles
j Beck, P. D., University Professor of Latin in Harvard College.
CAII CRISPI SALLUSTII DE CATILINiE CONJU-
1 RATIONE BELLOQUE JUGURTHINO HISTORLE.
j Sallust's Histories of the Conspiracy of Catiline and tlie Jugur- ■
1 thine War. From the Text of Gerlach. With English Notes.
I Edited by Henry R. Cleveland, A. M. l"2mo.
A DICTIONARY OF LATIN SYNONYMS, for the Use
I of Colleges and Schools. Translated from tlie German of
iRamshom, by Francis Lieber.
A GRAMMAR OF THE ITALIAN LANGUAGE. By
\ Pietro Bachi, Instructor in Hansard University. Second
1 Edition, much enlarged and improved. 12ino.
A NEW AND COPIOUS LEXICON OF THE LATIN
I LANGUAGE. Compiled chiefly from the Magnum Totius La-
Itinitatis Lexicon of Facciolati and Forcellini, and the German
Works of Scheller and Lueneman. Edited by F. P. Leverett. !
A'oio published. ~
j C. C. L. & Co. ask the attention of the travelling public to ;
their Rooms for the Sale of Private Libraries, where are
constantly on sale from 6,000 to 10,000 volumes of valuable
books at very reduced prices.
Always for sale, a fine collection of English and French Edi
tions, best Stationery, &c. &c.
6
j
A
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¥
COMPLETE SETS
OF THE
AMERICAN ALMANAC
Can now be had of the publishe. and most of the principal booksellers lii tT'"'
United States. Nearly seven eighths of the contents of this work are of periii
nent and indeed of increasing value. It is believed that no vi^ork of the sau
extent in this country contains a larger mass of iraportant statistical inforinati<
than the nine volumes of the 'American Almanac. The following is a v
brief sketch of some of the topics, distinguishing the volumes of the differcjBi
years. t^B'j
VOLUME L — FOR 1830, !■ I
Contains a selection from Washington's Agricultural Notes and Journal,
Franklin's Poor Richard Revived^ Advice concerning Fruit, &c., Colonial
Statistics, Statistics of the Revolution, &c.
VOLUME IL — FOR 1831,
Contains the Declaration of Independehce, a view of the General and State
Governments, the Constitution of the United States, Outlines of the Constitu
tion of the several States; with complete lists of the Governors from the first
organization of the respective Governments, and of the Banks throughout the
country.
VOLUME IIL — FOR 1832,
Contain^ Washington's Valedictory Address ; an article on the Public Lands ;
details of the Fifth Census of the United States, with tabular views of all the
States, exhibiting their divisions into counties, with their county towns, or se
of justice, together with the population of the counties and county towns, aui
towns, as given by the Census j and an Ecclesiastical Register of thff different
Religions Denominations.
VOLUME IV. — FOR IS^-^S,
Contains Washinsjton's ' ! Address ;, Regulations relating to Patents,
Copy-rigtits, &c. ; Tariff ot > n- on goods imported iii*o the United States ;
notices of objects of iiiiemal Improvement, as Canals, Railroads, &c. in tlie dif-
ferent States ; more full information than before given in relation to Foreign
ith particular details of the Bill of English Parliamentary Reform,
VOLUME v.— FOR 1834,
Contains a treatise on Con»ets ; an article on the Meteorology, Temperature,
and Seasons of diOerent parts of the United States; a view of the Progress of
Temperance ; complete lists of the Members of Congress since the adoption
of the Constitution ; a full view of the Colleges, Literary Institutions, and the
state of Education in the different Slates j together with a variety of other
matters, both forei;,n and domestic.
VOLUME VI. — FOR 1835,
Contains a complete ||||count of the Periodical Literature and Newspapers of
the United States; various i^tatistical information in relation to the Cogimerce,
Goverr^ment, and Finances of the whole country and of each individual State;
an account of Colleges, Aledical and Law Schools, Religious Denominations,^
Banks, &c. &c. ; Foreign lofrAmerican Obituary. ^
VOlpME VH. — FOR 1^S6, •
C 1 particular accout|t of the principal Ben«»volent Instit«kti^)9s of the
United .... .OS, and a view of the- Ecclesiastical Statistics of tha^Re'Kgious De-
nominatibts.
VOLUME VIIL— FOR 1837: VOLUME 13i;.r- FOR 1838.
For information respecting the matters treated of in all the volumes, see the
GENERAL iNDEX in this (the 10/A) volume. '.■' ]
n
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