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THE LAKE STATES
THE PLAINS STATES
EDITED BY
HENRY G. ALSBERG
Hastings House
PUBLISHERS NEW YORK
Editors
HENRY G. ALSBERG
MARY BARRETT H. H. MILLER
EDWARD DREYER JOSEPH MILLER
DORA THEA HETTWER DALE L. MORGAN
WILLIAM R. McDANIEL MONTANA LISLE REESE
WALTER MCELROY ELLEN M. ROLLINS
COPYRIGHT 1949 BY HASTINGS HOUSE
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY
KINGSPORT PRESS, INC., KINGSPORT, TENNESSEE
All rights reserved including the right to reproduce this book
or parts thereof in any form
CONTENTS
THE ILAKE STATES
OHIO: Ohio River Tour 450; US 6 452; US 20 *55; US 30 457; US 30 &
US 30N-^5P; US 40 460; US 50 462; US 25 463; US 33 465
CINCINNATI 466; CLEVELAND 469; COLUMBUS 473
INDIANA: US 20475; US 30477; US 24 478; US 4O 479; US 52452;
St. 46 *54; US 50 485; US 41 486; US 31 488; Ohio River Tour 490
CITIES OF THE CALUMET 493; FORT WAYNE 494; INDIANAPOLIS 496
ILLINOIS: US 20 498; US 30 -500; US 34501; Illinois Waterway Tour 502;
US 24 505; Lincoln National Memorial Highway 507; St 1 509; US 45 510;
US 51 512; Mississippi River Tour 514
CHICAGO 527; EAST ST. Louis 526; ROCK ISLAND AND MOLINE 529
MICHIGAN: US 25 & St. 25550; US 12552; US 112555; US 16556;
US 10555; US 23540; US 27542; US 31545; US 254(5; St. 28545*
US 41549
DETROIT 551; SAULT STE MARIE 555
WISCONSIN: US 2560; US 8 561; US 12562; US 41565; Door Peninsula
Loop Tour 566; US 45 565; US 51 570; US 61 57!
MILWAUKEE 572; MADISON 579
MINNESOTA: US 2555; US 10557; US 12559; US 14559; US 16590-
US 61 591; US 71 595; US 75 597
ST. PAUL MINNEAPOLIS 599
THE PLAINS STATES 606
MISSOURI: US 40611; US 50616; US 60617; US 66 619; US 61621;
US 67 624; US 65 624; US 71 626
ST. Louis 627
IOWA: US 18 655; US 20 655; US 30 640; US 6 642; US 61 649*
US 65 652; US 71652; US 75655
KANSAS: US 40654; US 50661; US 66666; US 75667; US 81669
NEBRASKA: US 20 675; US 30675; US 6675; US 75654; US 81655
NORTH DAKOTA: US 2 656; US 10 659; US 12 692; US 81 695;
US 281 694; US 83 695; US 85 696
BISMARCK 697
SOUTH DAKOTA: US 12 700; US 212 701; US 14 702; US 16 704;
US 16 Alt 707; US 18707; US 77709; US 81710; US 281711;
US 83712; US 85 -712; US 85 Alt. 715
THE LAKE STATES
OHIO ILLINOIS INDIANA
MICHIGAN WISCONSIN MINNESOTA
Under the Ordinance of 1787, the country around the Great Ls., north & west
of the Ohio R., was organized as the Northwest Territory of the new United States;
& eventually it was divided into the states of Ohio (1803), Indiana (1816), Illinois
(1818), Michigan (1837), Wisconsin (1848) & Minnesota (1858). These six lake
states are part of the "valley of democracy" in which the pioneers saw a chance to
"better their condition" on the vast fertile prairies, & where, at first, the menace of
Indian savagery & the hazards of wilderness living made for equality & close-knit
human relations. The Ohio country became a testing ground for the declared ideals
of the new democracy.
In the present century, the lake states are a vital part of the Middle West, the
place, as John Gunther describes it, where "industry & agriculture both reach their
highest American development & coalesce." Commercial & financial interests link
them with the Atlantic seaboard, while for ancestry they look both South & East, a
great proportion looking East beyond Ellis Island. (Henry Ford, whose impact here
was immeasurable, was the son of an Irish immigrant father & a Pennsylvania
Dutch mother.)
The area is a geographic unit, bordered on the north by Canada, Lake Superior
& Lake Huron & separated south & west from the rest of the country by the Missis-
sippi & Ohio rivers. Ohio is bordered on the east by West Virginia & Pennsylvania,
& the Red River, for a considerable distance, separates Wisconsin from the Dakotas.
In Minnesota alone there are 10,000 inland lakes, 7,000 in Wisconsin, more than
6,000 in Michigan, & each of the southerly states has its attractive lake districts.
Three great river systems originate in Minnesota: the Red River, flowing north to
Hudson Bay; the Minnesota & St. Croix, which join the Mississippi; & the St. Louis,
a part of the St. Lawrence system by way of the Great Lakes. Illinois shares seven
distinct basins, including the Lake Michigan basin, the important Inland Waterway
along the Illinois, the Wabash, the Mississippi, the Ohio, the Rock & the Kaskaskia.
An important factor in Michigan's great lumbering industry were its glacier-made
rivers, including the famous Saginaw, shortest river in the state, with the largest
basin. The Detroit, broadest Michigan river, & the St Clair, at Port Huron, are arched
by international bridges to Windsor & Sarnia, Ontario.
The altitude throughout is generally low, ranging from the lowest point at Cairo,
I1L (279' above sea level) to the Porcupine Mountains at the west end of Michigan's
Upper Peninsula (2,023')- Upper Minnesota, Wisconsin & Michigan reach altitudes
between 1,600' & 2,000', but the southern part of these states is rolling, highly arable
land suited to farms & pastures. Most of Indiana is level or gently rolling except in
the south, where are the lovely Brown County hills. Ohio is more varied, with its
central plain bordered on the east by the rugged foothills of the AUeghenies & on
the south by fairly high & broken terrain. Illinois, preeminently the Prairie State,
nevertheless has an unglaciated northwest corner & a projection of the Ozark range
(reaching 1,000') in the south.
The climate varies widely. Minnesota extends into a more northerly latitude than
Maine, & Cairo, 111., is farther south than Richmond, Va. In the main, however, the
lake states have hot summers & cold winters, brief springtimes & long colorful
autumns. Abundant snowfall in the north makes this excellent skiing & winter sports
country, with many a snowbound village along the highways in the long winters.
439
440 THE LAKE STATES
The states are all fairly symmetrical in shape except Michigan, whose two pen-
insulars are separated by the Straits of Mackinac. The Lower Peninsula resembles
a mitten with a well-defined thumb & ragged top, while the Upper has been compared
to the Indians' "Great Hare" leaping the lakes. Isle Royale, in Lake Superior about
50m O ff the mainland of Michigan, is the largest of the lake islands. Best known
among the smaller islands are those in L. Erie, including Put-in-Bay; in Lake Huron,
historic Mackinac Island & the jewel-like Les Cheneaux; & in Lake Michigan, the
Beaver Island archipelago.
A striking feature of this region is the distribution of population. Minnesota &
Michigan have the largest primitive areas in national & state forests of any states
east of the Mississippi, but wilderness gives way farther south to one of the most
populous areas in the country. More than three-fifths of Ohio's population is urban.
Thirteen of the fifty largest centers in the U.S. are in the lake states, including Chi-
cago, Detroit & Cleveland. Illinois & Ohio, in state population, rank just below New
York & Pennsylvania, Duluth-Superior & Toledo, the leading lakeports, are surpassed
only by New York, among all U.S. ports, in amount of tonnage shipped.
In few regions has geologic history played so large a part in human affairs, & in
few other places is this history so clearly visible as it is around Lake Superior. Here
the untrained eye can see the progressive architecture of the earth, beginning with
exposures of the granite core of the planet, inactive for more than a million years.
(One such exposure is at Jasper Peak, Minn.; others occur in Michigan's Upper
Peninsula & in Wisconsin.) Through eons of mountain building, volcanic action &
inundation by prehistoric seas, the richest iron & copper deposits in the world were
laid down around Lake Superior. Highlands of Alpine height once loomed over &
around what is now the lake's basin. Molten rock was gradually erupted, & the sink-
ing highland became a rocky bowl, to be filled later by retreating glaciers with clear
icy water.
Immense ice sheets, coming late in geologic time, advanced & retreated over the
lake states, forming the Great Lakes (the world's largest body of fresh water) &
creating the attractive contours & thousands of inland lakes & rivers that make this
region one of the great vacation areas of the country. The glaciers also were largely
responsible for the dense forest coverage & fertile prairies. This combination of im-
mense natural resources & magnificent waterways made inevitable the later history
of commercial development & industrialization.
Early man found the region well suited to his needs, & scattered throughout are
some of the finest existing works of the prehistoric moundbuilders. Here occur the
notable effigy mounds, particularly in Wisconsin & Ohio. The finding of a fossil
skeleton of a young girl (later known as "Minnesota Man") indicates even earlier
occupation, perhaps some twenty thousand years ago.
In historic times, one of the largest Indian settlements hi the United States area
was found in the region around the "Soo" in Michigan & Canada. The white man
encountered Indians on all the great waterways, & the earliest settlements were
around Christian missions. Illinois, Indiana & Ohio made a thorough job of dis-
possession, & only in Minnesota is there now any sizable Indian group (more than
30,000). There are scattered settlements in Michigan & Wisconsin, & in the general
population are many descendants of full-blooded & French-Indian ancestors.
Unless it is true that Norsemen, in 1362, left their record on the Kensington Rune
Ston$ (see Minnesota), the first recorded white man hi the region, so far as is known,
was Etienne Bnile, who came to Georgian Bay on Lake Huron c. 16 12 & guided Le
Caron, one of Champlain's four Recollet friars, into the western wilderness. In 1615
Champlain, accompanied by Brule, looked upon Lake Huron, the "Mer Douce." Jean
Nicolet, in 1634, crossed the Straits of Mackinac & entered Wisconsin country, the
first European to appear in the Mississippi valley.
After him came the "coureurs de bois" to push the profitable fur trade for Louis
XIV, King of France. By this time Jesuit fathers had replaced the Gray Friars who
had originally invited the "Black Gowns" to share their wilderness labors. The
Recollet fathers were no longer permitted at the mission in Quebec. Radisson &
Groseilliers left a record (1660) of their voyage from the meeting place of three
great lakes, then across Lake Superior & into Minnesota country. The Jesuits had
preached to the Ojibway at the Soo in 1641, & here Pere Jacques Marquette, in 1668,
founded the first permanent white settlement in the Northwest.
On a fine June morning in 1671, St Lusson, in an elaborate ceremony before
THE LAKE STATES 441
assembled Indians, took formal possession of the Soo & Lakes Huron & Superior in
the name of his "most redoubtable monarch." In 1671, also, Marquette established a
mission at Michilimackinac (at present St. Ignace), around which developed one of
the most important fur-trading posts. Two years later, Marquette, with the fur trader,
Louis Joliet, explored the Mississippi to the mouth of the Arkansas River & entered
the country of the agreeable Illinois Indians.
Fired by the imagination of the greatest of the French explorers, Sieur de La
Salle, Louis XIV envisaged a rich empire in New France, & his Governor in Canada,
Comte de Frontenac, backed La Salle's expeditions into Illinois country & down the
Mississippi. Cahokia (in Illinois) was founded by French fur traders in 1699, the first
permanent white settlement in the Mississippi valley. (The anniversary was cele-
brated there in May, 1949.) Detroit was founded by Cadillac in 1701. Soon a chain
of French trading posts linked Quebec with the Great Lakes & Louisiana, named by
La Salle, & around the posts the Jesuits "ruled savage hordes with a mild, parental
sway" (Parkman). The French people were not eager to immigrate, the Huguenots
were not permitted in New France, & the settlements consequently were never very
large. The fur trade was the dominant interest, but many "ribbon" farms stretched
away from the riverfronts, & life in the French villages was comfortable & gay.
In 1749 Celeron de Blainville (sometimes written Bienville) made his grandiose
voyage on the Ohio River, stopping to plant a lead plate at each established landing,
thus officially claiming for France the lush Ohio country. This gesture helped to
precipitate the French & Indian War, an integral part of the struggle for empire
waged between the British & French until 1815. By the Treaty of Paris, 1763, the
French ceded New France to the British.
With the end of the French empire in America, the English colonists began to
move westward toward a new frontier, although the British Government forbade
private purchase of western lands & the granting of patents or warranting of surveys
by the colonies. The burden of expense involved in enforcing imperial rule over this
vast territory inevitably led to extra taxation & increased the tension between colonies
& mother country.
The Ohio Land Company had been formed in Virginia, & at the beginning of the
Revolution frontiersmen had pushed into Kentucky country. They were constantly
menaced by hostile Indians, the allies of the British. George Rogers Clark's heroic &
successful campaign gained the Northwest Territory for the patriots, giving the new
nation a basis for claiming the area. While Washington faced the British in the East,
Clark, with his Kentucky Big Knives, took the key posts of Kaskaskia & Vincennes
& dreamed of an attack on Detroit. The British moved their fort at the Straits in
Michigan to Mackinac Island, & even after the Treaty of Paris (1783), they held
their northern posts, with the aid of Indian allies. However, in August, 1794, Gen
Anthony Wayne won the Battle of Fallen Timbers (Ohio) & in 1796 raised the U.S.
flag in Detroit.
The Ordinance of 1787, under which the Northwest Territory was organized, had
profound & far-reaching effects. It forbade slavery & enfranchised all men who ful-
filled age, residence & land-ownership requirements. The Ordinance also allowed for
purchases of large tracts of land by organizations such as the new Ohio Company,
founded by Rev. Manasseh Cutler & a group of Massachusetts veterans. All land
grants contained the "section sixteen" allotment set aside to aid public schools. Sev-
eral of the original states claimed western lands, but these claims were relinquished
to the Federal Government, with certain reservations: The Virginia Military Re-
serve & the Connecticut Western Reserve were granted by these states to their citi-
zens who had suffered losses during the Revolution.
The Ohio Company's first settlers, led by Gen. Rufus Putnam, finished their long
journey from Ipswich, Mass., in the spring of 1788 & founded Marietta, on the
Ohio River. The seat of government for the Territory was established here in 1789.
The Scioto Land Company, a group from Pennsylvania & New Jersey, took up land
farther west & founded Cincinnati; &, in 1796, Moses Cleaveland led his New Eng-
land settlers into the Western Reserve. In 1800 the area was divided, & Vincennes
became first capital of the new territory of Indiana, which was subdivided five years
later into Indiana & Michigan (Lower Peninsula) territories. Land offices built of
boards & canvas appeared here & there in the wilderness, but settlement was slow
until after the War of 1812, which was wholeheartedly supported by the western
settlers.
442 THE LAKE STATES
The frontiersmen hated the British who intrigued with the Indians against them,
& they blamed British command of the seas for the economic depression that had
followed the first peak of agricultural prosperity. Also in many minds was a dream of
conquering Canada. Both Mackinac & Detroit fell again into the hands of the British,
& the Northwest Territory was temporarily in British control. Then Oliver H. ^erry
won a decisive victory at Put-in-Bay, on Lake Erie, Sept 10, 1813, Detroit was
recaptured, & Wm. H. Harrison defeated the British in the Battle of the Thames, in
Canada. Thereafter the scene of battle shifted from the Northwest. Peace was de-
clared in December, 1814, & soon an army of settlers followed the trail of buffalo &
deer, Indian, priest & trader into the forests & prairies.
The constitutions of the new western states were very liberal, enfranchising, in
most cases, all men of proper voting age. A more liberal land policy met the demands
of the West, & soon the Cumberland Road (now US40) from Maryland was literally
crowded with the carts & wagons of families from the Eastern states. The Ohio River
was a main artery, & thousands of southern settlers moved across it into the rich Ohio
country. The era of canal building started here after the opening of New York's
Erie Canal (1817-25). The West had become a major force in national politics by
1828 when Andrew Jackson, the Indian fighter & son of the frontier, was elected
President by the "common man" in the East & the farmers in the West.
As highways were built & river commerce grew, many foreign born joined the
westward march, moving on into Illinois & Indiana. Indian uprisings were still not
infrequent, the most serious being that of Black Hawk, in Illinois, & the Sioux
uprising, as late as 1862, in Minnesota. But, on the whole, growth was rapid in the
southern tier. Michigan was passed over by the first wave of immigration, having
been reported a morass of unhealthful swampland, but after the survey made by Gov.
Lewis Cass, settlers began to come in from New England & New York.
Ahead of the settler went the railroad, the "builder of cities," as J. J. Hill, the
great promoter, called the lines of steel rail vanishing into the forests. Pioneer towns
grew up along the canals & at railroad junctions & the early log cabins were rapidly
being replaced by houses of frame, brick & stone. The first major panic occurred in
1837, & in the depression years that followed, the pioneer sought a further frontier
in the Oregon country.
The industrial revolution was already under way when Virginia-born William H,
Harrison, then a resident of Ohio, became President in 1840. Harrison died when
he had been in office scarcely a month, & John Tyler, an independent Democrat,
succeeded to the office. Whig ascendancy was at an end, & with it a political era. la
the new era the lake states, with their complementary resources in coal & iron,
agricultural & forest products, & with their matchless water routes & growing net-
work of railroads, played a large part in industrializing & urbanizing American life.
The Northwest as a whole was opposed to slavery, an increasingly urgent prob-
lem. Innumerable small towns had their Underground Railway Station for the Negro
fleeing to Canada, & the abolition movement was probably stronger in this area than
in any other part of the country, for both economic & humane reasons. The declin-
ing Whig party was finally destroyed, & the Democratic party split, by the anti-
slavery issue. The demand for a new party dedicated to the straggle against further
extension of slavery was met by the organization of the Republican party at Jackson,
Mich., in July, 1854.
In October of that year, the new party won the state election in Ohio. Abraham
Lincoln's challenge to the "little Giant," Stephen A. Douglas, led to the series of
debates in Illinois that made Lincoln a national figure &, through Douglas' formula-
tion of the Freeport Doctrine, created a fatal split in the Democratic party. During
the Civil War, thousands from the lake states joined the Union Army, & Ohio alone
furnished more than fifty high-ranking officers. Led by Clement L. Vallandigham, of
Ohio, there was also bitter opposition to the war, but on the whole abolitionist &
nationalist fervor swept the Northwest.
After the war began the great & reckless exploitation of natural resources. The
magnificent forest coverages were rapidly plundered, particularly in Michigan &
Wisconsin. Mining of iron & copper was pursued on a grand scale, & industrial
development, motorized by Detroit & fed by the giant iron & steel, rubber & coal
cities, overwhelmed the pioneer economy. In the heyday of prosperity, American life
was dominated by powerful industrial monopolies, financial interests & railroad mag-
nates, grown rich on huge grants of land made recklessly by the Government during
THE LAKE STATES 443
the settlement of the West. Political corruption was the order of the day. An out-
standing figure of the Gilded Age was Marcus A. Hanna, Cleveland capitalist &
politician, who dominated American political life until his death in 1904. He was
instrumental in the election of President McKinley & was the directing force in the
Republican party for many years.
With industrial development the movement for organization of labor grew
stronger. One of the most interesting early manifestations of the fight against monop-
oly was the the Granger Movement, national in scope but centered in the Middle
West. It began after the Civil War, & angry farmers in local Granges discussed their
grievances, particularly against railroad monopolies. So strong was the influence
that many laws restricting common carriers were called Granger Laws.
The Knights of Labor, organized in 1869, reached a peak in 1886, the year in
which the American Federation of Labor was organized by various craft unions.
The Knights, like the modern CIO, were committed to the idea of industrial union
regardless of craft. On May 4, 1886, occurred the May Day riot & bombing at
Haymarket Square, in Chicago. The Knights had backed the demonstration but had
no hand in the bombing, it is believed. Several leaders were arrested but later par-
doned by Gov. John P. Altgeld, a great defender of civil liberties. Capitalism contin-
ued its policies of blacklisting, lockout, "yellow-dog" contracts & refusal to arbitrate.
The Homestead Steel Strike in Pennsylvania, in 1892, resulted in bitter opposition
to organized labor in one of the lake states' major industries for more than forty
years. Following the panic of 1893, Jacob S. Coxey, of Massillon, O., led his army
of jobless workers to Washington to demand work relief.
The Pullman Strike, one of the most significant in labor history, began at Pullman,
111., May 11, 1894. The American Railway Union, which had been created by
Eugene V. Debs, of Terre Haute, Ind., voted a sympathetic strike & soon twenty-
seven states were involved. The Federal Government stepped in, over the protest of
Gov. Altgeld, with a "blanket injunction'* to break the strike. Debs & other leaders
were arrested & imprisoned. For nearly a half -century afterward, organized labor
fought the use of an injunction in industrial strife.
Another important labor development was the organization of the Industrial
Workers of the World in Chicago, in 1905, led by Debs, Wm. D. Haywood & Daniel
De Leon. In recent labor history, the chief battles of the Committee for Industrial
Organization (CIO) were fought out, naturally enough, in this industrial area. The
UAW is one of the world's largest unions, & John L. Lewis has a strong following in
the coal-mining states.
The lake states, with the rest of the Middle West, continue to be a powerful force
in politics. Ohio ranks with Virginia as the mother of Presidents, having sent seven
native sons (as against Virginia's eight) to the White House, & an eighth, Wm. H.
Harrison, who, though born in Virginia, was a resident of Ohio. In general the shift
from liberal to conservative has been a steady one, but this is a deceptive generaliza-
tion, as extremes meet in the Middle West. Eugene Debs was as typical of Indiana as
was D. C. Stephenson, organizer for the Ku Klux Klan. Wisconsin's political history
is unique in its fifty-year development of the "Wisconsin Idea," begun by Rbt.
Marion La Follette in 1890. Backed by a strong Socialist vote in Milwaukee, many
liberal reforms were inaugurated, including regulation of railroads, direct primaries,
unemployment compensation & direct election of Senators.
Today all six states rank high in industry & agriculture. Ohio ranks third indus-
trially in the nation, while Michigan is first in manufacture of automobiles & parts,
chemicals & Pharmaceuticals & various other products. Illinois is third in all manu-
factured goods. Indiana also takes high place, & Wisconsin is the leader in cheese,
milk & malt products & second in construction machinery. Minnesota's industry is
based on argriculture, with Minneapolis second only to Buffalo as a flour-milling
center. In Ohio, 82 per cent of the area is farm land, in Wisconsin 60 per cent, the
latter state pasturing more dairy cows than any other state. Minnesota shares the
Red River valley wheat area, & Michigan ranks second in beans, plums & cherries.
In mining, one of the great sources of wealth, Minnesota produces about 60 per
cent of all iron ore mined in the United States, & Michigan ranks second, Wisconsin
fourth. Michigan's noted Keweenaw Peninsula mines give it fourth rank in copper,
while lillinois, Ohio & Indiana are all great soft-coal producers. Indiana limestone &
sandstone from Ohio are used throughout the country.
Forest products are still important, especially in Minnesota & in Wisconsin, which
444 THE LAKE STATES
produces a large proportion of the country's fur pelts, but the most important use of
the forest areas is recreational Sports & recreation create a billion-dollar industry in
the lake states, all of which have well-developed state-park systems. Millions of acres
in Minnesota, Michigan & Wisconsin are in national & state forests, most of them
fronting on the Great Lakes & including myriads of small lakes & fishing streams.
Michigan has the greatest inland fisheries in the world. In the wake of the vacationer
& the automobile, miles of splendid highways have unrolled, with resorts of all lands
along the routes. The dunelands on Lake Michigan are remarkably beautiful, with
flowers & other vegetation of more than a thousand species, incl. desert & arctic.
The tradition of tolerance in religion is still strong in the Old Northwest. Ohio
is noted for the number of religious, socialistic & Utopian communities established
there, & the other states are not far behind. It is said that Indiana now has more
Quakers than Pennsylvania. On the other hand, racial prejudice has broken forth in
the metropolitan centers with great & destructive violence, & for many years the
Ku Klux Klan dominated Indiana politics. As in the rest of the country, the two world
wars brought industrial achievement & labor organization to a peak &, at the same
time, let loose a wave of destructive passions & prejudices. A large proportion of the
population in these states is foreign-born or descended from the foreign born, & the
Negro population has grown too rapidly for easy adjustment.
The Ordinance of 1787 specified that "Religion, morality & knowledge being
necessary to good government & the happiness of Mankind, schools & the means of
education shall forever be encouraged," & cultural facilities were developed from
the start. Ohio is second only to Pennsylvania in the number of its colleges, & among
the several large state universities are some of the leading institutions in the nation.
Not only do Chicago, Toledo & other cities have great municipal universities, but
there are hundreds of fine church-sponsored colleges. Among smaller schools are
such individual colleges as Kenyon & Antioch, in Ohio. Chicago is planning an
immense Art Center on the lakefront where final & specialized training in all the
arts will be given, the training usually sought in the East The larger cities have
ranking symphony orchestras, art museums & little theater groups. In the last-named,,
Cleveland has long been outstanding. The Middle West is one of the most advanced
regions in adult education, vocational training, public library administration & hi
work with special groups of children.
In architecture, the lake states have made creative contributions of a high order
through the work of Daniel Burnham, Louis Sullivan, Frank Lloyd Wright, Albert
Kahn & Eliel Saarinen, the Finnish architect now at Cranbrook Academy of Art,
near Detroit. The influence of the structural engineer is increasingly apparent in all
types of building. Cleveland's Lakefront Mall with fine civic buildings is a model of
gracious planning, & St. Paul's City Hall & Plaza are notable. The array of power
plants, factory buildings, foundries, docks & railroad trackage, characteristic of all
the industrial centers, are the inspiration of much modern painting & sculpture.
Artistic development at first was a by-product of pioneer life. Painting of furni-
ture, tavern signs, cigar-store Indians & figureheads for boats & barges gave the early
artists an excuse for invention. In some sections pottery, weaving & other folk arts
flourished, especially with increased European immigration. Portraitists & landscape
painters were in greater demand as the region prospered. One of the most successful
nineteenth-century painters was George Catlin, who traveled over the Midwest for
his gallery of Indian types. An unusual art product was the elaborate panorama,
usually a battle scene, done by German-trained painters in Milwaukee in the 1880's.
Another important nineteenth-century artist was Thos. Cole, of Ohio, who taught
himself to paint the hills & river near his home & became one of the founders of the
Hudson River School.
Among other better-known Ohio painters are John Twachtman, Frank Duveneck,
George Bellows, Rbt Henri & Chas. Burchfield.
The Hoosier School in Indiana was developed under J. Otis Adams, John E
Bundy & other local artists. Within the present century several Michigan artists have
gained national recognition, including Gari Melchers, Zoltan Sepeshy (Carnegie
prize winner in 1947), & Sarkis Sarfisien. John Steuart Curry, of Wisconsin, is
ranked among the fine regional artists. In sculpture Carl Milles, the Swedish artist
at Cranbrook, Mich., is outstanding, while during the first quarter of the century,
one of the most popular sculptors was Lorado Taft, of Illinois. Characteristic of the
area is the impulse toward art education provided by splendid art galleries & centers,
THE LAKE STATES 445
such as those in Toledo, Chicago, Cleveland & Detroit, where may be seen the Rivera
murals on Detroit industry.
In music, the outstanding creative contribution is Chicago jazz, but the Old
Northwest had music from the beginning, especially the song & ballad. In the
Gardner Checkering collection, "Ballads & Songs of Southern Michigan" (1939),
tribute is paid to the inestimable service of the lumber camps "in preserving &
distributing all manner of folk music. . . ." Singing societies were among the first
cultural organizations, & the country dance was a musical occasion. The tradition
lives in famous choral organizations, such as the choir of the College of St. Olaf in
Northfield, Minn., & the Westminster (Presb.) Choir in Dayton, Ohio.
TM *__..* i__._.a__ ^ f - .1 music was
is (with theL _.
- ' many Negro people i_
all the states form a strong element in revival of the Spiritual, in jazz & in leading
orchestral & choral groups. Theodore Thomas, who came from Germany as a child,
is the great name in orchestral development in the Middle West. In 1859, he toured
the region with an operatic company &, on the night of the fire of 1871, he conducted
an orchestral concert in Chicago, where he organized the Chicago Orchestra twenty
years later.
The earliest writings in the region were the "Journals" of Father Marquette & the
"Jesuit Relations," a priceless record of New France written in squalid Indian camps,
based in part on tales told by the "coureurs de bois." Other early works too seldom
read are Black Hawk's "Autobiography" & George Rogers Clark's account of his
expedition, included in M.M. Quaife's "The Capture of Old Vincennes." In recent
times Quaife, Walter Havighurst, Harlan Hatcher & other Midwestern writers have
contributed eloquently to the epic of the Great Lakes. While not strictly creative
literature, the writings of Abraham Lincoln, Carl Schurz, John Muir & Thorstein
Veblen should be noted.
The lake states have produced a large number of the country's popular fiction
writers, including George Barr McCutcheon of Graustark fame; Zane Grey, Jas. O.
Curwood, Lew Wallace, Augusta Evans Wilson, Rex Beach, Stewart Edward White,
Edna Ferber, Booth Tarkington, Louis Bromfield & Wm. Sydney Porter (O. Henry).
The most significant figure, perhaps, is Theodore Dreiser, who was rooted in the
region & wrote honestly & powerfully about it. Other great regional writers are
Sinclair Lewis, winner of the Nobel Prize, James T. Farrell & Richard Wright.
Earlier than these were Indiana's Edward Eggleston, one of the first realists of the
frontier; Hamlin Garland, who struck a new note in American literature with his
simple statements about "Main Travelled Roads"; Frank Norris, who portrayed the
Chicago wheat exchange in "The Pit"; & Wm. Dean Howells, friend of Garland &
critic of the frontier. Of a different order were Ring Lardner & George Ade, acute
observers of the world around them. Of more recent writers, the late F. Scott Fitz-
gerald probably had the strongest talent & a genuine message, & Sherwood Anderson
has been a potent influence on younger writers.
Chicago was the focus of the literary renascence that followed the establishment
there of the magazine "Poetry" by Harriet Monroe, in 1912. Local poets associated
with the movement were Carl Sandburg, great interpreter of Lincoln, Edgar Lee
Masters & Vachel Lindsay, all of whose work stemmed directly from their native
prairie. Other nationally known poets of the region are Paul Laurence Dunbar, Wm.
Vaughn Moody, Jas. Whitcomb Riley, the Hoosier poet, Paul Engle & Hart Crane,
who carried from his native Ohio a strong consciousness of his American background
& faith in democracy.
LAKE STATES 1
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450 OHIO RIVER TOUR OHIO
OHIO RIVER TOUR OHIO
OfflO-PA. LINE (at E. Liverpool, Ohio) (S) & (W) to OHIO-INIX LINE. (10* from
Cedar Grove, Ind.). 426. St7, US52. (See also Ind. & Ky.). t _ r ,
Via* Steubenville, Martins Ferry, Powhatan Point, Marietta, Belpre, Pomeroy, Gal-
lipolis, Ironton, Portsmouth, Aberdeen, Point Pleasant, Cincinnati, Harrison. ^
Tour follows route that Celeron de Blainville took by water in June, 1749, in what
Ohio's Harlan Hatcher calls "most diverting episode in the bloody realism of all
our early Ohio history." With 250 men in birchbark canoes, Celeron made Jus
"courtly gesture," burying, with fanfare, a small lead plate at mouth of each im-
portant creek or river, thus renewing Louis XIVs possession of the wilderness.
Shortly afterward (1750-51), Christopher Gist made a similar journey, but overland,
for Ohio Land Co. It is possible La Salle saw "La Belle Riviere" in 1669. Inds.,
traders, trappers & missionaries floated down the broad, winding stream. For 50
yrs. it carried cargo & settlers in flatboats & broadhorn three-masters & keelboats,
until, in 1811, the sky-blue "New Orleans" steamed up to the Cincinnati Landing,
1st steamboat on any Amer. inland waterway. Then came the "Comet," the "Vesu-
vius," & the famous double-decked 'Washington." By 1830, promenade decks were
spacious, & the cabins, halls & saloons were luxurious. The wealthy passengers
enjoyed elegant barrooms & gaming cabins or danced to orchestral music. Besides
the colorful passenger packets, there were floating libraries & stores & elaborate
showboats. Hundreds of packets wore out, sank, blew up, or were burned in a single
year. Their bells may be heard today in rivertown schools & churches. The big ships
carried big cargoes, & roustabouts & crew were a lusty tribe, hard-working & fear-
less; singing & brawling in port towns at the end of day. Mike Fink, "Paul Bunyan
of the Ohio country," was greatest of early boatmen. The Ohio was also a military
road from the beginning of the white man's time.
Often the river has risen in fury & devastated the cities it fostered 1832, 1857,
1883, 1884, 1890, 1913, 1936, 1937. Over & over the cities have buried their dead
& rebuilt their waterfronts. At last the great Muskingum & Miami Conservancy
Dam projects were created. Today, with its many bridges, locks & dams, the R.
meanders placidly through miles of "sweet scenery" (Mrs. Trollope, 1832), carrying
more tonnage than ever before on spreading shoals of barges. The beauty of river
& shore is unchanged, & beyond rise the ranging, forested hills.
Sec* 1: PA. LINE to MARIETTA, 131. St.7
0. EAST LIVERPOOL, noted for pottery & porcelain. 4. WELLSYDLLE, small
brick & pottery center. 8. YELLOW CREEK, where Logan, the Mingo chief, had
his home. Across R. is spot where members of his family were massacred in 1774.
On both sides of R., the steel empire extends for many miles. Slag piles stretch along
the hys., & rows of workers* houses crowd the towns. At night the sky is immensely
beautiful with flares outlining a jumble of smokestacks, furnaces, bridges, rolling
mills & loading docks.
25. STEUBENVILLE
Through RR. & bus conns. Good accoms. Market St Bridge & Ft. Steuben Bridge to
Weirton, W. Va.
This steel & coal-mining center, also known for pottery & glass, claims to be pioneer
city of Ohio valley because a little settlement, La Belle, probably survived burning
of Ft Steuben in 1790. The fort, named for Prussian officer who aided Washington,
was erected in 1786, thus antedating Marietta (see below). PTS. OF INT.: High &
Adams Sts., Site of Ft Steuben. 524 Market St., Birthpl. of E. M. Stanton. 301 Mar-
ket St, Jefferson County Cth. (1871) & Edwin M. Stanton Mon. Industrial Plants
(O.appl.) incl. Wheeling Steel Corp., Weirton Steel Co., Steubenville Coal & Mining
Co. (1856), Steubenville Pottery, & Ohio Valley Clay Co.
48. MARTINS FERRY, where steel & coal meet to make an industrial town on
site of 1st permanent settlement in Ohio (before 1785), on Ind. land. In Walnut
Grove Cemetery, Betty Zane Mon., comm. heroine of Ft. Henry (see); & Tomb of
Ebenezer Zane. 50. BRIDGEPORT, platted by Zane in 1806. US250 & US40
(Zane's Trace & Nat Rd.) enter here from W. Va.
131. MARIETTA
R. Stas. on 2nd St. for B. & O. & Pa. Bus Terminal in Postal Telegraph Office, 2nd St.
Airport: (E) 2m on US50. Good accoms. & recr. facils.
OHIO RIVER TOUR OHIO 451
Marietta is an enchanting city at meeting of Muskingum & Ohio Rs. Shady streets
climb the hills & graceful bridges conn. E. & W. Marietta & carry US21 over the
Ohio to Parkersburg, W. Va. Modern Marietta, seat of Marietta College, is the
prosperous, but still peaceful, shipping pt. & trade center for large farm area; with
various industries based on oil, sandstone & other natural resources. The 1st organ-
ized town in N.W. Terr.^was started Ap. 7, 1788, when Gen. Rufus Putnam & 48
pioneers landed the "Union Galley" below Ft. Harmar & were towed up the Mus-
kingum, During N.W. Terr. Celebration, 150 yrs. later, the long journey from
Ipswich, Mass., was re-enacted by 48 men, who traveled with ox-teams & Conestoga
wagons to Yougiogheny R. in Pa.; then in flatboats down the Ohio to Marietta,
arriving Ap. 7, 1938. The colony, named after Marie Antoinette, was successful
from the start. From this port were launched hundreds of sailing vessels & steam-
boats, incl. the "John Farnum," which carried corn to starving Ireland in 1847. In
1940's the shipyards turned out landing craft. From the days of the Coonskin Lib.
(in St. Hist. Mus., Columbus), paid for with pelts in 1804, Marietta has been a center
of cultural life.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) Landing Place of Putnam's party. (2) In Muskingum Pk., "Start
Westward" Mem. (1938.Borglum), on spot where Gen. St. Clair inaugurated Terr,
gov. (3) 326 Front St., Melgs H. (1803.remod.), home of Return Jonathan Meigs,
4th Ohio Gov. (4) Cor. Washington & 2nd Sts., Campus Martius Mem. Mus. (O),
incl. Rufus Putnam H. (rest). River Mus. (1941). (5) Warren St., Moundbuilders*
"Sacra Via" from temple square, on 5th St., to Muskingum R. (6) 5th & Scammel
Sts., Mound Cemetery (1788), enclosing Conus Mound (30'). (7) Putnam & 4th Sts.,
Marietta College, high-ranking coed, college, chartered in 1835 but developed from
Muskingum Academy (1797); Lib. has Stimson Americana & Slack Hist. Colls. (8)
At Muskingum R. mouth, French Moa., gift of France (1938).
Sec. 2: MARIETTA to CHESAPEAKE. 110. St7
St.7 travels a narrowing valley on Ohio side^. 13. BELPRE (see US50). Along curv-
ing shores on both sides are favorite stopping-places for shanty-boaters. For hun-
dreds of miles, these ark-like boats drift on the slow-flowing river, getting fuel &
food from the banks.
Near Belpre (S) is Capt Jonathan Stone H. (1799). 14.5. ROCKLAND CH. J. with
dirt Rd. leading to Rockland Cemetery from which may be seen Blennerhassett L
Harman Blennerhassett, Irish aristocrat, eloped from Isle of Man with his niece,
Margaret Agnew &, to escape social ostracism, came to New York &, in 1797, to
Marietta. Ohio society was delighted by the beautiful & talented Margaret & her
scholarly husband, who bought the willow-fringed isle & created a "terrestrial para-
dise" around his gleaming white mansion. In 1805, Aaron Burr visited here &
interested the imaginative Irishman in his Western empire. Blennerhassett mort-
gaged his home & resources & began to build a fleet of boats on Muskingum R.
When Pres. Jefferson proclaimed Burr's enterprise unlawful, Blennerhassett escaped
to a rendezvous with Burr at mouth of Cumberland R. & was joined later by his
family. He was caught & taken to Richmond for trial but, after Burr's acquittal,
released. Meanwhile, militiamen had ravaged the house & grounds. Floods swept
over it the next spring &, in 1811, the ruins burned to the ground. Blenner-
hassett died on Isle of Guernsey in 1831. Margaret came to America to plead with
Congress for an indemnity. She died in poverty, at 75 Greenwich St., N.Y., in 1842.
21. LITTLE HOCKING. Just (S) is J. with St.124.
SIDE TRIP: Loop tour of Meigs Cty. Peninsula. 56. St.124, St.338. This beautiful route
must be driven carefully, as landslides from eroded cliffs sometimes clutter Rd. From steep
bluffs may be seen broad bends of the river, bright pastures & cultivated fields against
backdrop of hills. Several river dams are along the way. 5m Hockingport, on Site of Ft.
Gower (1779), from which Dunsmore departed for Pickaway Plains. 17.5^ Site of Wash-
ington's Camp, 1770. Gen, Washington later gained title to thousands of as. 21.5m near
Portland, Buffington I. Mem. St. Pk. (facils.). Here Morgan, Confed. raider, attempted to
cross R. with 2,500 men. Nearly surrounded by soldiers & gunboats, Morgan & half his
forces escaped. 25m J. with St.338, on which river trip cont. past small villages. 45m Racine.
(N) here on St.124 again to Pomeroy, 56m, J. with US33 (see) & St7, the main tour.
St7 runs inland through highland country & across Hocking R. 41. CHESTER. On
hilltop is Old Meigs County Cth. 50. POMEROY, in center of mining area circling
great Pomeroy Bend. Floods have battered the long water front, but newer Pomeroy
452 US 6 OHIO
Is rising on the slopes. 52. MTODLEPORT. Drowned by 1937 flood, the town moved
back among the hills. 66. KANAUGA. Here the Gt. Kanawha R. pours into the
Ohio. Silver Bridge to FT. PLEASANT, W. Va. (see). J. with US35 (from Charles-
ton W Va ) 70. GAIXIPOLIS, 3rd oldest Ohio settlement, named by "French Five
Hundred" in 1790; boyhood home of late O. O. Mclntyre & birthpl. of his wife.
Late in 1788, Joel Barlow & Wm. Playfair, agents of Scioto Land Co., went to Pans
brandishing a map & description of a perfect land. After fall of Bastille, it was easy
to sell 150,000 as. in a country where, they said, candles & custard grew on trees,
80-lb. catfish swam the rivers; cotton, tobacco & wheat produced abundant crops,
while hogs fattened on wilderness pastures. A group of 500 Parisian hairdressers,
craftsmen, jewellers, gourmets, gilders, watch & carriage-makers arrived at Alex-
andria, Va., in May, 1790. Their tract proved to be on Ohio Land Co. s lands, but
Scioto Land Co. brought them down the Ohio. A town of 80 cabins, with slight pro-
tection against Inds., had been prepared by Rufus Putnam, of Ohio Land Co. Here
the French were abandoned to their fate, & Scioto Co. went into bankruptcy. The
bitter winters annihilated large numbers through hunger, massacre, exposure &
cholera. In 1795, the Gov. set aside the Fr. Grant in Scioto Cty. for a few survivors.
Gallipolis became important river town after settlement by Virginians & New
Englanders.
PTS. OF INT.: 431 1st Ave., Le Magasin (FHabccomrT (N.O.1794), by 1st post-
master, a friend of Napoleon; French Garden (O). 434 1st Ave., Onr House (O.1819.
sm.fee.restaurant), famous hostelry, period furnishings; Mns. 74 Court St., O. O.
Mdtatyre's H. 76 State St, Gatewood, Mrs. O. 0. Mclntyre's H. (O.appLremod.).
81 CHAMBERSBURG. U.S. Gov. Locks & Dam (1938); largest roller-type dam
in world. 105.5. PROCTORYILLE, where Rome Beauty apple was grown in 1816.
110, CHESAPEAKE. J. with US52, on which tour cont
Sec. 5: CHESAPEAKE to USD. LINE. 185. US52
US52 runs (W) through orchards & wastelands, rocky hills <& fertile bottoms. 5.5.
BURLINGTON, founded in 1817 by Rev. Plymdale (Bapt.) for his freed slaves.
8. SOUTH POINT, at W. Va.-Ky. Line. Here US52 traverses industrial reg. that
extends into 3 states (numerous bridges). 19* IRONTON, founded by ironmaster,
John Campbell, in 1848, was important iron town until Youngstown reg. developed.
(N) 8 m is Vesuvius Recr. Ajea (camp.boat.swim.f.h.), a unit of Wayne Nat. For.
(see). 48.5. PORTSMOUTH, once a canal port, iron & RR. center, now makes shoes,
stoves & other products. In Mound Pk. is prehist. Horseshoe Mound. US52 crosses
Scioto R. & runs along high ground away from flood plain. 50. J. with St.73.
SIDE TRIP: St.73 (N) 2m to Tremper MoimdL At 12m is J. with St.371 to Shawnee St. For.
(f.camp-facils.), densely forested tract of 37,000 as.
56. FRIENDSHIP. J. with St. 125, which leads (NW) 4 m to Roosevelt Game Preserve
& Roosevelt L. Pk. (f.huntboatcamp.facils.). 91. MANCHESTER, Ohio's 4th oldest
town, founded in 1791 by Nath. Massie. 111. RIPLEY, another contented river town
until 1937 flood washed away its attractive riverfront. RANKIN H. (sm.fee), said
to have sheltered Eliza after her flight across the ice. 141. MOSCOW, one of 1st
Underground Railroad Stas. 144. US52 passes Gen. Grant's Birthpl. 165. CIN-
CINNATI (see). 185. HARRISON, at Ohio-Ind. Line.
US 6 OHIO
PA. LINE (13m f rom Conneaut Lake, Pa.) (W) to BSD. LINE (3.5* from Butler,
Ind.). 249. US6
Via: Andover, Chardon, Cleveland, Lorain, Sandusky, Fremont, Bowling Green,
Napoleon, Bryan. Good accoms. RR. bus & airline conns., pic., camp sites & resorts
along route.
Sec. 1: PA. LINE to SANDUSKY. 131.
3. Hy. turns (S) with St7 to 10. ANDOVER, tourist & trade center.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On St.85 (E) 2m to Pymattraing Reservoir (f.h.boat.winter sports.pic.
camp.trlrs.); U-shaped 18,000-a. lake, created by inundating immense marshland, stretching
for miles along state line, larger part in Pa. (see).
(B) On St.7 (S) llm to Kinsman (1799); birthpl. of Clarence Darrow. N. of Pub. Sq.,
Darrow Octagon H., birthpL of rioted criminal lawyer, advocate of civil liberty.
US 6 OHIO 453
27. Softly rolling country is cut by Grand R., which winds (N) to lake. 34. MONT-
VELLE. 44. CHARDON, maple-sugar center. This is ideal farm country. 62.
EUCLID. 72. CLEVELAND (see). 85. BAY VILLAGE. Huntington Pk. (bathh.).
At 27715 Lake Rd., Cahoon H. (O.1816); early furniture. 90.5. AVON L. stretches
along shore for miles, & hy. follows sometimes serene, often furious, Erie waters.
100. LORAIN, on Black R. Harbor, one of best on Gt Ls. R. is deep enough to
float the big steamers that have come down the ways since 1893 from shipbuilding
plant on E. bank. Lorain is industrial home-owned city, with good schools, play-
grounds, beaches & pks. After tornado in 1924, which brought death to 70 persons
& caused $25,000,000 damage, ruined city was rebuilt & replanted; thousands of
lilacs, flower of French Lorraine, now fill air with fragrance during Lilac Festival
(May). Settlement made by Moravians in 1787 was soon discouraged by Delaware
Inds. A trading post was est in 1807, & shipbuilding began in 1819. Lorain prom-
ised to become a metropolis, with natural harbor & possibility of RR. & canal, but
canal went to Cleveland & RR. to Elyria. A second boom came late in cent, with
est. of U.S.Steel Plant in S. Lorain.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) Lorain Light (reached by boat). (2) Lake View Pk.; playgrounds,
beaches & notable rose gardens. (3) Nat Tube Co. Plant, largest in world. (4) Amer.
Shipbuilding Plant (5) Thew Shovel Co. Plant (6) Large commercial fisheries. J.
with St.58 (which leads (S) 3.5 m to J. with Rd. to Amherst, in sandstone-quarry reg.).
103.5. Ship-to-shore Radio Telephone Sta., a short distance off hy. The level sandy
beaches reach out from wooded shoreline to shallow lake (cottages.tourist camps,
amusement pks.&resort centers). Vermilion R. forks on L. in series of lagoons where
cruisers anchor. 110. VERMILION (sett. 1808), resort town & fishing center (camps,
cottages.beaches) on red-clay soil that once made ceremonial paint for the Ottawa.
121. HURON, on Huron R., was important wheat-shipping point in early 19th cent.
In 1878, Wheeling & L. Erie RR. Docks gave town new life; one of largest electri-
cally operated coal dumpers on the Ls.
SIDE TRIP: (S) 6m on St.299 to Milan, birthpl. of Thos. A. Edison. Was prosperous
shipping center until RR. era put end to its hopes. Around village square are houses with
handsome porticos & doorways, built in 1820's. Cor. Central & Front Sts. is 2-story, red-
brick house where Edison lived until he was 7.
129. CEDAR FT. CHAUSSEE (sm.f ee), leading (N) up narrow peninsula to Cedar
Point (see below), summer resort since 1882 (steamer, RH. or ferry from Sandusky),
131. SANDUSKY
Through RR. & bus serv. Good accoms. Many pks. & sports facils. Info.: C. of C,
Hotel Rieger Bldg.
Sandusky, at mouth of Sandusky Bay, is one of loveliest of Ohio cities. Bay is almost
completely enclosed bet. mainland & Marblehead Peninsula, conn, by Sandusky Bay
Bridge. On L. Erie's most spacious harbor, the port ranks among 10 largest on Gt
Ls. & is 2nd largest shipper of coal. Mechanical loaders are busy night & day pour-
ing millions of tons into holds of lake steamers. Excursion boats puff out from the
piers to Cedar Pt. & island resorts. E. of piers are markets & wineries that make
Sandusky an outstanding fresh-water fish. & wine center. Ivy-colored, blue-limestone
(local) churches & houses add to city's charm. In 17th cent, Iroquoian tribes were
in "San-doos-tee" (cool water) area, in which they had annihilated the Erie & Neu-
tral nations. White settlement began after Commodore Perry's victory at Put-in-Bay
(see below), & Irish & German settlers followed the founding New Englanders. In.
cholera epidemic, 1849, nearly 400 died. Sandusky was strategic stop on Under-
ground Railroad.
PTS. OF INT.: Battery Pk. (recr.facils.). Pa. RR. Coal Dock (3,500' long). Wineries
(O.appl.): On Water St., the blue limestone bldgs. of Dorn Co. (est.1869) & Engels
& Krudwig Co. 1702 Campbell St., Meier's Wine Cellars. 1422 Clinton St., M.
Hommel Co. (est.1878); pleasant taproom. 301 Putnam St., Nat Distillers Products
Corp. Fisheries: Lay Bros., Bickley & Port & others.
TRIPS OUT OF SANDUSKY
I. Kelleys I., Middle Bass L, Gibraltar L, S. Bass I. (Put-in-Bay), N. Bass I.
Recr. facils. Accoms. on Kelleys & S. Bass Is. Neuman Boat Line makes daily trips
(May 10-Labor Day).
Mapped by Fr. geographers in 17th cent, the archipelago was not sett, until 1830 s.
These 20 isles of dreamlike beauty were ceded to Gt Brit by Fr. in 1765; in 1783,
454 US 6 OHIO
U.S. received big Kelleys L, Bass I., Gibraltar I., & 6 smaller Is. Canada owns Pelee,
the largest of all, Middle L, Harbor I. & the Hen & Chicken & Sister groups. Is. are
in one of finest fresh-water fishing areas in country, although pollution from indus-
trial centers has almost destroyed herring & whitefish. In winter, whole villages of
shanties in rainbow colors move from one ice sheet to another, as men, women &
children join in ice fishing.
Steamer passes close to Cedar Point with its luxurious Breakers Hotel (beaches,
dance terraces.amusement & pic.grounds); then moves (N) some distance offshore
from rugged Marblehead Peninsula to Kelleys L, 9 m . Datus & Irad Kelley, in 1830's,
bought the I. & started settlement. Quarrying limestone & cutting the red cedar
were chief industries. In 1851 the Kelleys built 1st wine cellar on western L. Erie.
Glacial Grooves in St. Pk. (N) 1.5 m from dock; smoothly polished fluting in lime-
stone. Inscription Rock, on (S) shore, bears petroglyphs probably made by artist of
lost Erie tribe.
Steamer passes Ballast L (NW) 10 m from Kelleys L, to Bass L, where pickerel, perch,
carp, sheepshead & sauger far outnumber once plentiful bass & herring. Middle
Bass I. (f.boatrecr.facils.) is given over to vineyards. Lonz Winery (1884); lovely
clubh.
South Bass L (Put-in-Bay), is very popular resort (boats from Ohio cities & Detroit;
auto ferry to Marblehead.all kinds of accoms.& recr.facils.planes & boats). Inter-
lake Yacht Regatta (Aug.). It is also a wine island. In harbor is Gibraltar L, Jay
Cooke's summer home from 1865 to 1905. Ohio St. Univ. acquired the rocky islet
in 1925. F. T. Stone Laboratory (O.appl.) for study of fishery problems. At (E) end
are Jay Cooke Mansion, now dormitory, & Site of Perry's Lookout On South Bass
I. is Internat Peace Mem. Mpn., incl. Perry Mem., comm. victory in Battle of L.
Erie, Sept 9, 1813. This massive, fluted Doric column of Milford granite (352') was
erected by 9 states & Fed. Gov. (1912-15). Above observ. platform is penthouse
with navigation lights &, still higher, a lighted bronze urn. Beneath rotunda are
buried 3 Amer. & 3 Brit, officers. Perry, Mammoth & Crystal Cares. North Bass I.,
not a steamer stop, may be reached by speedboat from Put-in-Bay; vineyard area
since 1853.
n. Loop Tour of Marblehead Peninsula. 30. St.2, Bay Shore Rd., St.163, St.2.
Via: Danbury, Johnson's I., Marblehead, Lakeside, Catawba I, Port Clinton. RR. &
bus. Resorts; all kinds of accoms.; churches.
This vacationland is also famous peach-raising country. St.2 crosses Sandusky Bay
Bridge to J. with Bay Shore Rd. At 6 Wilson Boat landing (f.boats). From here
trips are made to 300-a. Johnson's L (O), Civil War prison camp, where 10,000
Confed. officers were confined. In Confed. Cemetery are 206 marked graves (num-
bered list at Sandusky C. of C.). Bay Shore Rd. parallels rim of peninsula to Marble-
head, 9.5 m , resort & quarrying center. Marblehead Light (0.1-3) is one of oldest in
Ohio (1821) & one of most graceful on Ls. Tour cont. (W) on St.163. 10.5 101 Lake*
side, "Chautauqua of the Great Lakes" (hotel & cafeteria.sm.fee for camp.). 16.5
J. with St53 (EJR.d.& W.Rd.), which loops around beautiful Catawba Peninsula
orchards. Return may be made on St.2.
Sec. 2: SANDUSKY to INB. LINE. 118.
0. SANDUSKY. 3.5. VENICE, resort. Mill (1833) still in operation. 6. J. with St269.
SIDE TRIP: (S) 2.5m on St.269 is mysterious Castalia Btoe Hole (sm.fee), named for
Apollonian spring in Greece. Looking into crystal-clear pool, one sees pictures of castled
cities & shining mts. Fish, cannot Hve in the oxygenless water.
24. FREMONT, site of Ft Stephenson & home of Pres. Hayes. J. with US20 (see).
In rolling countryside (W) are hundreds of derricks raised in 1890's when oil gushed
from Kirkbride & other wells. Lime-making is important industry. 54. BOWLING
GREEN, seat of Wood Cty., leading cattle & tomato-producing area. Big oil wells
in late 19th cent, brought glass & other factories, & ornate Viet mansions rose.
After wells ceased to flow, town became rural canter. Then, in 1914, H. J. Heinz Co.
built large plant here, & Bowling Green St Univ. was est. (1916). Notable Lib.
(1927), Airport, Arboretum. J. with US25-US68 (see US25). 79. NAPOLEON. J
with US24.
SIDE TRIP: (SW) along US24, the old canal follows Maumee R. At 4m, Girty's I., where
Simon Girty, scout for Brit, visited his brother's post. The winter before Battle of Fallen
US 20 OHIO 455
Timbers, Girty traveled among Ind. villages on the Maumee, planning their strategy. 14m
Independence St Pk. (facils.camp.f.swim.). 18m Defiance. Ft Defiance Mon. on site of
Fortress built in 1794 as challenge to "hostile Inds. of the West." Chief Pontiac's birthpL
is believed to be on opp. bank. Defiance College (Congr.) erected 1st bldg. in 1884-85;
includes Christian Divinity School.
Beyond Napoleon, US6 crosses monotonous country, once part of great Black
Swamp. 103. BRYAN, last Ohio town of any size on route. 118. IND. LINE.
US 20 OHIO
OfflO-PENN. LINE (28 from Erie, Perm.) (W) to OfflO-IND. LINE (10* from
South Bend). 257. US20
Via: Conneaut, Painesville, Cleveland, Norwalk, Fremont, Perrysburg, (Toledo), Fayette.
Through RR., bus & airline conns. Accoms.: Good throughout
US20 runs inland from L. Erie along border of Western Reserve, crosses Cleveland
waterfront, swerves (S) to Norwalk, then (NW) bypassing Toledo & (W) to state line.
Sec. 1: PENN. LINE to NORWALK. 128.
2. CONNEAUT (sett.1796), whose natural harbor makes it 1st of series of ore ports
& important station for coal & steel. Commercial fishing. At c.7.5. Eaton H. (O.
summer. 1800); beautiful Class, pillars. 15. ASHTABULA (sett. 1798), a leading ore
& coal port & busy mfg. center at mouth of Ashtabula R. By 1830's it was typical
village of New Englanders &, later, a favored Underground Railroad sta. A reso-
lution in "Ashtabula Sentinel," Dec. 21, 1850, cursed Fugitive Slave Law as designed
"to strip us of our humanity . . . and herd us with bloodhounds and men-stealers."
Hubbard Homestead (O), once haven for runaway slaves; now community house.
Lake Shore & Walnut Beach Pks. (good beaches).
26. GENEVA, sett. 1805. (5^ (N) on St.534 is Geneva on the Lake, resort). 30. J.
with Cty. Rd. to UMONVILLE, where slaves found refuge in New England H. (O),
a tavern since 1805. Throughout Western Reserve are white picket fences, taverns,
churches & houses of New England origin. 42. PAINESVILLE. In delightful
MENTOR, 49. is LawnfieM (O.sm.fee.l832)> rambling Viet mansion of Pres. J. A.
Garfield. 60. EUCLID. US20 unites with US6 to become Euclid Ave. into CLEVE-
LAND, 71. At 106. OBERLIN, with noted college (see Cleveland for pts. of int
bet. Painesville & Oberlin). 128. NORWALK, with outstanding Class. Rev. archi-
tecture. On Case & W. Main Sts., Firelands Mus. (O.Fri.Sat.aft). On W. Main St
also are Martin H. (1831), Fulstow H. (1834) & Boalt H. (1848). At 6 S. Church St,
Stewart H. (1833).
Sec. 2: NORWAUK to IND. ONE. 129.
For many miles, route lies among orchards, truck gardens & checkered fields of
rye, corn, barley & sugar beets. 13. BELLEVUE. Off St. 18 (S) are Seneca Caverns
(sm.fee).
SIDE TRIP: SU01 (SW) 20.5m to Tiffin, seat of Heidelberg College, founded in 1850 by
Reformed Church in U. S. Founders Hall. Kellers Cottage.
20- CLYDE, said to be Sherwood Anderson's 'Winesburg.'* Anderson, born in
Cam4en, spent much of childhood here. 24. J. with St. 19 (5 m (S) to Green Springs,
resort). 28. FREMONT, a good-sized city spreading out over rounded hills along
Sandusky R.; canning & beet sugar center. Wyandot villages occupying site were
destroyed by Brit, who set up outpost here in 1782. During War of 1812, George
Croghan, 21-year-old leader of 150 Amer. soldiers, defended Ft Stephenson against
attack of 700 Inds. & Brit by maneuvering his single cannon from place to place.
PTS. OF INT.: Birchard Lib. Pk., Site of Ft Stephenson. At NW. cor. is Grave of
Maj. Crogfaan & near-by is "Old Betsy," his famous cannon. J. of Hayes & Buckland
Aves., Hayes State Mem., incl. "Spiegel Grove," estate of Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes.
jflayes H. (N.O.I 859.Vict.Goth.). Within grounds also is Hayes Mausoleum (O.
1913); lib. & mus.
57.5. PERRYSBURG, an old & pretty town named for hero of Put-in-Bay. On
Front St. are: Sparford H. (1822.remod), Lamb H. (1830's); orig. woodwork &
furnishings. Hollister H. (1823), once showplace of Maumee Valley. Short distance
(SW), Ft Meigs St Pk. (facils.); remains of "Gibraltar of the Northwest" (1813).
In Cemetery lie Amer. soldiers killed in Dudley Massacre (see Maumee below). J.
456 US 20 OHIO
with US25 (see) & other main routes. Across broad Maumee R. is residential Mau-
mee, on site of Fr. Can. fort (1680). In 1794, Brit built Ft. Miami & name of city
is corruption of Miami. Bronze plaque marks spot where Col. Dudley & his Ken-
tuddans, on way to relieve Ft. Meigs, were ambushed by Brit, soldiers from Ft.
Miami. E. Wayne St. & River Rd., Hoffman's Inn (1828). At J. Detroit Ave. & US24,
Knaggs H. (1825), built for Gen. Wayne's interpreter.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On US24 (SW) 3 to Fallen Timbers Mem. At 1m, in Side-Cut PL,
are limestone walls & weatherbeaten locks of Miami & Erie Canal, begun in 1825. At c.3*n,
Fallen Timbers St. Mon. (factls.), where "Mad" Anthony Wayne defeated (1794) Miami,
Shawnee, & other Ind. allies of Brit. The Inds., led by 70 Canadian rangers, had entrenched
themselves behind great trees uprooted by hurricane. Battle was decisive in struggle for
control of Northwest. US24 rises to bluffs along R. Near J. with Farnsworth Rd. is
Columbia H. (O.1818), antique shop. Beyond are Indiaaola I., resort (camp,), & along
canal, Tfrarston St Pk* (bath.camp.shelterh.).
(B) US24 (N) to Toledo, 10m.
TOLEDO
Union (RR.) Depot, foot of Knapp St.; Penn. RR., 1220 Summit St. 420 Jefferson Ave.,
Greyhound Bus Depot. Hanley & MoHne Rds. (SE) 7m, Mun. Airport. Foot of Madison
Ave. for Gt Ls. steamers. Good accoms. Ft. Miami Race Track. Sport & recr. facils.
Concerts at Mus. of Art. Show of Contemp. Amer. Art (summer). Info.: C. of C, in
Commodore Perry Hotel.
Toledo spreads for 15 miles along both sides of Maumee R., which flows (NE)
into Maumee Bay, inlet of L. Erie. City is 2nd only to Duluth-Superipr as Great Ls/
port & ranks 3rd in tonnage among U.S. ports; world leader in shipping of soft coal,
also ranking RR. center. W. & E. Toledo are conn, by high-level Anthony Wayne
Bridge & 6 other bridges. On riverfront is Site of Ft. Industry, built by Anthony
Wayne (1794), prophetically named beginning for a city of more than 650 different
enterprises, producer or distributor of coal, iron & steel, glass, chemicals, petroleum,
automobiles, machine tools, furnaces & processed foods. Whole Maumee valley was
fought over by Brit & Amer. forces (Anthony Wayne TrL). Toledo was inc. in 1837,
at conclusion of bloodless Toledo War (see Mich.). From a settlement in a swamp, the
port grew rapidly after Wabash & Erie Canal to Cincinnati. Gas & petroleum fields
(S) brought oil-refining, then glass. With development of Libbey-Owens-Ford Co.,
Toledo became the "Glass Capital." Pop. is more than 90% native born, but its
inheritance is unusually cosmopolitan. Large German, Polish, Can., Hungarian,
Eng. & Irish groups have characteristic churches, restaurants & festivals. Nearly
21,000 Negroes live in neighborhood of Brand Whitlock Homes & other areas. Mun.
gov. is founded on traditions of "Golden Rule" Jones & 4-term Brand Whitlock.
Oldest newspaper is "Toledo Blade."
PTS. OF INT.: (1) Collingwood Ave. & Islington St, Queen of the Holy Rosary
Cathedral (1931.Sp.Ren.by Wm.R.Perry), one of America's beautiful cathedrals,
said to be its 1st in Plateresque style. Rich in stained glass, frescoes, colored marbles,
incl gifts from Spain. (2) W. Bancroft St, Univ. of Toledo occupies spacious campus
& fine modern bldgs. Founded in 1872, Toledo became one of 1st mun. universities
in U.S. in 1884, now one of largest Univ. Hall (Tudor Goth.). (3) Shadowlawn Dr
Zoological Pk. & Mas. of Nat Hist (1931.Sp.). (4) 2249 Monroe St., Mns. of Art
(O); central bldg. of white marble (1901.1926.Ionic facade); School of Design &
Peristyle (concert hall) in wings (1933); founded & richly endowed by Edward
Drummond Libbey; one of finest glass colls, in world. "Christ at Gethsemane," by
El Greco. (5) Superior & Cherry Sts., St Francis de Sales (Cath.) Cathedral (1861.
Goth.). (6) Madison Ave. & Ontario St., Pub. Lib. (1890.early Norman). (7) C. & O.
Coal & Ore Bocks, on Presque Isle; 2.5 m of piers, 40 miles of trackage, room for 15
lake boats. (8) Industrial Plants (tours on appL); Libbey Glass, Electric Auto-Lite,
Toledo Scale, Willys-Overland, Woolson Spice,
TJS20 forks in Maumee. Main tour cont (N) along edge of Toledo suburbs, then
,
ffiJ? 5^ line - (US 20 ^- ran* directly (W) to Montpelier, then (N) to rejoin
US20). 68. Beyond OTTAWA HILLS (W) is reg. of "oak openings," where groves
of ancient trees are broken by patches of bog & fine yellow sand. Cooper called his
novel of pioneer Mich. "Oak Openings" because these sun-filled breaks in the wil-
derness were characteristic of Old N.W. 103. FAYETTE, shipping pt. for grain &
livestock. Hy. winds over hilly wooded country. 119. US20 Alt. rejoins main tour
129. END. ONE.
US 30 OHIO 457
US 30 OHIO
OfflO-W. VA* LINE (lm from Chester, W. Va.) (W) to OHIO-IND. ONE (20*
from Ft Wayne, Ind.). 252. US30, US30S.
Via: E. Liverpool, Lisbon, Canton, (Akron), Massillon, (Schoenbrunn), Wooster,
Mansfield, GaHon, Marion, Kenton, Lima, Delphos, Van Wert. Through RRs. &
busses. Airports at Canton (Akron), Mansfield. Marion & Lima. Alternate route on
US30 & US30N (see below). US224 is direct route some miles (N) of US30.
US30, the Lincoln Hy., crosses Chester Bridge at meeting pt. of 3 states, then winds
through hills rich in coal, down eroded gullies & among dark fors. Large industrial
centers at frequent intervals.
Sec. 1: W. VA. LINE to MARION. 152.
0. E. LIVERPOOL, leading pottery center in U.S. Jas. Bennett, of Staffordshire,
Eng., began pottery here in 1838 & peddled his teapots & tableware along Ohio R.
Modern potteries produce porcelains exquisitely designed & colored & other plants
make pottery supplies & clay novelties. Hall China Co. (tours). In Carnegie Lib,,
WsL Assoc. Mns. (O.wks.); Pottery Coll. incl. Bennett's wheel. J. with St.7 (see Ohio
R. Tour). 17. LISBON, another ceramics center. Birthpl. of Marcus A. Hanna &
Clement L. Vallandigham, Copperhead leader. Hanna was one of most powerful
figures in 1880's & one of first to exemplify frankly the tie-up bet. big business &
gov. 20. J. with St.172, which runs (NW) to Guilford L. St Pk. (f.boatswim.camp.
facils.). 26. Along here is entrance to Sandy & Beaver Canal (1834-45) to Bolivar
(S) of Canton. Many cut-stone locks in good condition. 47.5. E. CANTON (1805).
Glazed brick is chief product. Wack Tavern (O.1836).
53. CANTON
Market & 9th Sts., Pa. RR. Sta. 402-2nd St, Union Bus Terminal. Akron-Canton
Airport, (N) 10m off St.8. Good acc9ms. Recr. facils. & golf courses in numerous pks.
Meyers L. Pk. (bus.pic.bath.recr.facils.). Concerts by several music assocs. Info.: 428
Market Ave., C. of C.
Canton (sett 18 06), home of Pres. McKinley, is one of Ohio's 8 largest cities & center
of many industries, with world's largest plants making roller bearings (Tirnken),
paving bricks, rubber gloves & electric cleaners. Steel in various forms is a leading
product. Town itself is informal with air of neatness due in part to Swiss & German
watchmakers who came in late 19th cent In 1898, Henry H. Timken, carriage manu-
facturer, developed his patent for roller bearings. In Canton, in 1918, Eugene V.
Debs made speech that led to his arrest PTS. OF INT.: (1) In Westlawn Cemetery,
McKinley Tomb (by Harold V. Magonigle). Within mausoleum are buried Pres. &
Mrs. McKinley & 2 daughters. (2) Market Ave. & 8th St, Site of McKinley EL, now
occupied by Mercy Hospital. (3) Cleveland Ave. & 4th St, First Christian Ch., 2nd
largest church congr. in U.S. (4) 1717 Market Ave., Art Mus.; McKinley Coll. (5)
521 Tuscarawas St, Timken Vocational High Sch. (6) Industrial plants incl. Timken
Roller Bearing Co. (O.appl.) & Republic Steel Corp* J. with US62 & St.8.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On US62 (NE) 18m is Alliance, mfg. & RR. center on Mahoning R.; seat
of ML Union College (Meth.Episc.), once attended by Presidents Garfield & McKinley;
high-ranking school, founded in 1846. Morgan Engineering Co. (O.appl.), one of largest
producers of cranes & rolling-mill machinery.
fB) On US62 (SW) 32m to MILLERSBURG. Hy. winds through lovely valley bet
Tuscarawas R. & Killbuck Cr., dotted with prosperous Amish. settlements.
(C) On St.8 (N) 23m to Akron (1825).
4KRON
Union RR. Sta., 245 E. Market St. Bus Terminal, N. Main St. at Federal St. Mun.
Airport (S) 5.5m. Good accoms. Numerous golf courses & other recr. facils. in large
pks. Rubber Bowl (stadium). Derby Downs. Portage Ls. near-by. Symphony orchestra.
Concerts, lectures & other events at Univ. Info.: 228 Ohio Bldg., C. of C. Annual Soap-
box Derby (Aug.).
Akron, Ohio's 5th city & rubber capital of the world, has nervous tempo of all
industrial centers that have grown big within very few years. Added to tnis is an
enthusiasm pervasive as the smell of rubber for technological research. The
Univ. takes vital part in city's material development. The main street follows Ohio
Canal to Little Cuyahoga R., which winds across town, & (N) the Great Cuyahoga
rushes through a rocky gorge, arched by High Level Bridge to Cuyahoga Falls.
Akron, named for its "high place" on watershed bet Gt Ls. & Miss. R., was laid
458 US 30 OHIO
out as canal town in 1825 by Gen. Simon Perkins, & in 1850's John Brown, the
"angry man of God," was Perkins' partner in the wool business. A cereal mill (now
Quaker Oats) was built in 1865. In 1870, the rubber industry began in Dr. Benj.
Franklin Goodrich's plant. As automobiles rolled out of Detroit on their rubber
tires, Akron began to boom & the "Rubber Rush" brought thousands of workers.
During World War I, facils. were developed for building big dirigibles & balloons.
In 1935-36, sit-down strikes involved the 3 giant rubber companies. During 1940's
many millions were spent on modern research labs., & engineering college of Univ.
took outstanding position. To offset factory routine, Akron has good pub. school &
pk. system, Pub. Lib., AJ! Institute, Symphony Orchestra, the Rubber Bowl & Derby
Downs.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) B. F. Goodrich Rubber Co., Akron's oldest factory. (2) Good-
year Hre & Rubber Co. (3) Firestone Hre & Rubber Co. (4) Gen. Tire & Rubber
Co. (5) Quaker Oafs Co., on site of old mill, 1853. Tours on appl. in above plants.
(6) Goodyear Blvd. & E. Market St, Goodyear Industrial Institute, for employees
& families. (7) Near Municipal Airport, Goodyear Air Bock (N.O.), where "Macon"
<fe "Akron" were built (8) Firestone Research Lab. (O.appl.l945.by Walker,Foley
& Smith), the $2,000,000 rubber institute. (9) High & Market Sts., Pub. Lib. (1904.
Gr.Rev.by F.O.Weary). (10) Mill & N. Main Sts., Central Tower (1931.set-back.by
Walker & Weeks), tallest bldg. (11) 299 S. Broadway, Old Stone Sen. (1840's). (12)
Cor. Copley & Diagonal Rds., John Brown EL (c.1825), bequeathed to Summit Cty.
Hist. Soc. by Mrs. C. E. Perkins. (13) Cor. Copley Rd. & S. Portage Path, Perkins
Mus., formerly Perkins Mansion (1831). (14) Univ. of Akron, coed., fully accredited.
Buchtel College (Universalist), now College of Liberal Arts, was founded in 1870
& named for its benefactor, J. R. Buchtel; given to city in 1913. Buchtel Hall (Gr.
Rev.); Carl F. Kolbe Hall, housing Bierce Lib. (O). Phillips Art Coll. is in Phillips
HalL Near Mun. Airport, Guggenheim Airship Institute (O.appl.1932), part of
engineering college. (15) On Manchester Rd., Baptist Temple (ded. 1949), unique
modern edifice costing $1,000,000. Unusual features in this theater-like bldg. are
soundproof "Babyland" & floodlighted River Jordan baptistery.
60.5. MASSILLON, industrial city at entrance to Muskingum Conservancy Dist.
(14 dams). The wife of Jas. Duncan, one of founders, named town for Fr. bishop
who opened funeral oration on Louis XTV with famous sentence, "Dieu seul est
grand." PTS. OF INT.: Union Drawn Steel Division, of Republic. Lincoln Way &
E. 2nd St., Jas. Duncan EL (1830), housing Pub. Lib. & Baldwin Mus. North Ave.
& 2nd St, Home of Jacob S. Coxey, leader of famous "march in boots'* in 1894.
Coxey was arrested for walking on the grass & his "Army" dispersed, but Massillon
made him mayor in 1932 in honor of his prophetic plan for Fed. work relief. Mas-
sillon is at J. with US21.
SIDE TRIP: US21, St.16 (S) 40m to Gnadenhutten. Tour of Ft. Laurens, Zoar Village &
Schoenbmnn St. Mems. At 13.5m is J. with St212.
(E) 6m on St.212 to Bolivar, from which Rd. leads (E) to Bolivar Dam. Ft Laurens St,
Mem., (S) of village, on site of only Amer. fort in Ohio during Rev.; built in 1778 &
named for Henry Laurens of S. Carolina. At 9m Zoar Village St. Mem. 11.5m Zoars-
ville. In 1817-18, German Separatists came into Tuscarawas Valley & est. communal
corporation which lasted until 1898; named by leader, Jos. Bimeler, for city to which
Lot fled from Sodom. Among low, picket-fenced cottages are log cabins & other orig.
bldgs. Mem. Mus. (O.Ap.-Nov.sm.fee), palatial home of founder. Zoar Garden illus-
trates New Jerusalem.
22m Dover, once German settlement at collector's port on canal, now busy coal iron &
steel center. Werther Mus. (O.sm.fee); handcarved models of locomotives & steel mills, 24m
New Philadelphia (1809), in midst of hist. Moravian country. Schoenbninn Village St.
MenMO.camp.pic.) covers site of viUage est b y Moravian missionaries in 1772. Schoolh.,
P 1 -, & * 3 Cabins rebuilt & furnished. In this luxuriant valley, David Zeisberger & other
leaders built .villages for Christianized Delaware Inds. In 1777 the village was abandoned
because of But hostility & unfriendly Inds. who later destroyed it 40m Guadenhutten
Mon A simple shaft marks Site of Massacre, in 1782, of 90 or more Christian Delaware
Inds. by Amer. soldiers under Col. David Williamson. The Delaware brethren who were
never armed, had been sent, with their leaders, to "Captives Town" near Upper Sandusky
(see below). Allowed to return to their villages for provisions, they were attacked by Pal
militia who were scouting for marauding Inds.
^l of Massillon crosses one of most fertile counties in U.S. Pure-bred horses
& nerds of sheep & cattle graze in rich pastures along shady creeks. St. Agric. Exper.
Sta. has 1,000-a. farm. 82.5. WOOSTER, scene of big Cty. Fair. College of Wooster
US 30 OHIO 459
(Presb.), founded in 1870, grants A.B. degree in arts & music. Bldgs. (ColLGoth.)
are attractive modern structures. 100. HAYESVHXE.
114. MANSFIELD
Through RR. & bus conns. Mun. Airport. Good accoms. & recr. facfls. Info.: C. of C.
Mansfield is important industrial city & trade center for wide area. Around red-
brick Cth. & Pub. Sq. are smart shops & modern office bldgs., & streets lead off from
pleasant residential sees, to some of state's finest farmlands. According to tradition,
Johnny Appleseed saved town from Ind. raiders during War of 1812 by running to
Mt. Vernon to give alarm. John Sherman, brother of Civil War general & best
known for Anti-Trust Act, practiced law here in 1840's. Louis Bromfield used his
native town as scene of early novels & celebrated Richland Cty. with nostalgic fervor
in 'The Farm." PTS. OF INT.: 200 E. 5th St, Westingfaouse Electric & Mfg. Co.
(O). (2) W. Park Ave., in South Pk., Pioneer Biockh. (1814). In Middle Pk., Johnny
Appleseed Mon. In center of city, Soldiers & Sailors Mem. H.; Mem. Mus. (6). US30
forks in Mansfield (see Alternate Tour below).
US30S runs down through dense fors. & undulating farmlands to valley of Little
Scioto R. 129. GALION, sett, by Pa. Germans in 1830's. Gallon Iron Works. 126.
IBERIA, once Underground Railroad Sta. Pres. Harding attended Ohio Central
College (closed) here. 142. CALEDONIA. On South St is Harding's boyhood home.
152. MARION, the town most closely associated with Pres. Harding. Here he edited
the "Star" & carried on "front porch campaign" & here he & Mrs. Harding are
buried. Marion is widely known for steam, electric & diesel shovels & other large-
scale digging machinery. On W. Center St. is Marion Steel Shovel Co. (O.appl.), &
on N. Greenwood St., the orig. Huber Mfg. Co. (O.appL). At 380 Mt. Vernon St,
Harding H. (O.sm.fee); some orig. furnishings. On US23, (S) side of town, Harding
Mem. (1931. by Henry Hornbustle & Eric F. Wood). Long formal approach leads
to circular structure with Doric colonnade, enclosing open court & tombs of Pres.
& Mrs. Harding.
Sec. 2: MARION to BSD. LINE. 100. US30, US30S.
0. MARION. US30 speeds (W) through farm country broken by few towns. 26.5.
KENTON, named for scout of Boone & Geo. Rogers Clark. Kenton Hardware
Factory (O.appl.) makes more iron & steel toys than any other U.S. plant. Beyond
Kenton the Scioto Marsh (25,000 as.) begins, noted for vast onion beds, potato &
truck fields. 38.5. J. with St.69, which leads (N) 2.5 m to Ada, seat of Ohio Northern
Univ., founded in 1871 as normal sch.; has colleges of arts, law, pharmacy & engk
neering. 55. LIMA (fine^ recr.f acils. in Mun. & Faurpt City pks.). Oil pipes from
Tex. & Okla~ flow into big refinery S. of town. Other important industries (O.appl.)
are Lima Locomotive Works; Superior Body Co., makers of school busses; Diesel-
Wemmer-Gilbert Corp., large cigar factory; & Westmghouse Electric & Mfg. Co.
In Mem. Hall is Allen Cty. Hist Mus.; excellent pioneer coll.
At c.65. Leslie Peltier's Observatory (O) has modern telescope presented by Harvard
Univ. Peltier's Comet was discovered by the brilliant amateur in 1936. 71. DEL-
PHOS, canning & honey center. Here the 2 branches of US30 reunite. Old Miami &
Erie Canal, which once made Delphos a larger city than Lima, is utilized by local
factories. Digging the canal was hazardous job, & German, Norweg. & Irish diggers
died by hundreds of "canal chills" & cholera or in fights & accidents. 85. VAN
WERT should be visited in June when its famous peonies bloom. 100. IND. LINE
ALTERNATE TOUR. W. VA. LINE to IND. LINE. 241. US30, US30N
Via: Mansfield, Bucyras, Upper Sandusky, Delphos.
0. W. VA. LINE. Tour is on US30 to MANSFIELD, 114. At 120.5. J. with Rd. to
Doolittle H. (c.2 m NW.), famous link on Underground Railroad. Hy. crosses water-
shed to CRESTLINE, 126.5. 139. BUCYRUS, another town making roadbuilding
& farm machinery; also copper kettles & clay products. Bucyras Copper Kettle
Works (O.appl.).
156. UPPER SANDUSKY, overlooking broad valley, where Wyandot Inds. lived
until removed beyond Miss. R., 1843. Cty. is named for these Inds. who fought for
their homes & cornfields. On almost every Rd. is marked site comm. the bloody
hist. It was here to Captives Town that the Christian Delaware were brought from
their Moravian villages in 1782 (see above). PTS. OF INT.: On plateau, S, 4th St.,
460 US 40 OHIO
Wyandot Cemetery. Near-by is Wyandot Mission (rebuilt in 1889) on Site of 1st
Meth. Episc. mission in Ohio (1821). John Stewart Mon. comm. 1st Meth. mis-
sionary, a mulatto. Wyandot & Spring Sts., in County Cth., Wyandot Cty. Hist &
ArcheoL Soc. Mus. (O).
176* WILLIAMSTOWN, on route of Gen. Hull's march to Detroit in 1812. On
US68 (N) c.!0 m is granite Hull's TrL Mon. 212. DELPHOS, where US30N &
US30S reunite. 241. IND. LINE.
US 40 OHIO
OfflO-W. VA. LINE (1 from Wheeling, W. Va.) (NW) to OHIO-IND. LINE (4
from Richmond, Ind.). 232. US40 .
Via: Bridgeport, Morristown, Fairaew, Cambndge, Zanesville, Hebron, Columbus,
Springfield, Lewisburg. Accoms.: Excellent. RR, bus & airplane conns.
US40 follows Zane's Trace & Nat. Rd., over which an endless cavalcade streamed
westward white-hooded wagons carrying thousands of emigrants. Stone bridges
over which they crossed broad streams are still standing, as are t many taverns that
sprang up in wake of the roadbuilders. The restless, cheerful spirit of the pioneers
sings in the names of coaches & taverns. Pocahontas, Gentle Annie, Henry Clay &
Rough & Ready were gaily colored Concord coaches, & favorite taverns were the
Buck, Golden Ram, Orange Tree, the Hope & Anchor.
Sec. 1: W. VA, LINE to COLUMBUS. 127.
US40 enters state over Belmont Bridge across Ohio R., then crosses rich coal reg.
& timbered ridges & flat farmlands of Muskingum R. valley. 0. BRIDGEPORT
(1808), New England settlement J. with US250 & St.7 (see Ohio R. Tour).
SIDE TRIP: On US250 (NW) 23m to Cadiz. At llm i s J. with St.150.
(E) 4m on St.150 is Mt. Pleasant, sett, by Quakers. 1st Abolitionist newspaper, "Tho
Philanthropist" was published here in 1817, & Abolitionist Convention assembled in
1837. Ohio Yearly Meeting H. (O.appl.l816.Class.Rev.).
23m Cadiz, center of rich coal, gas & oil area; also known for Delaware sheep & short-
horn cattle. (N) c.!2m from Cadiz is Coster MODU (facils.) in New Burnley, birthpl. of Genu
Geo. A. Custer (see).
US40 runs for more than 70 m through richest coal country, climbing steeply
graded slopes & traversing narrow valleys. Eroded ravines lead off into somewhat
desolate country, & along route are mining villages, with row upon row of similar
houses, piles of slack & mounds of earth. 10. ST. CLAffiSVILLE (1804), seat of
most productive coal cty. but not a miners' town. Lundy H., in which Quaker Benj.
Lundy founded Union Humane Soc., 1815. 20. MORRISTOWN (1802), once toll
sta. on Nat Rd. The many-chimneyed red-brick houses with pitched roofs are
exactly like their Pa. prototypes. Other early stagecoach stops are HENDRYS-
BURG, 25. & FAIRVIEW, 29.5. In contrast are the numerous small mines cut into
the hills along hy. & (S) the great shaft mines of Belmont & Guernsey Ctys. 34.5.
MIDDLEB0URNE, tourist stop since 1820's. Hayes Tavern, now Locust Lodge (O),
was built by Greenberry Penn & is still operated by descendant of Wm. Penn. From
Middlebourne (W) 2 m is one of Abridges used in numerous places, probably to
avoid cutting down some huge tree in path of Nat. Rd. 41. in OLD WASHINGTON,
are 2 excellent examples of commodious stagecoach taverns. Colonial Inn (O.I 8 05)
had 20 rooms, floored in oak with woodwork of walnut & rosewood. Pine Tree Inn
(O). 49. CAMBRIDGE, dairying & livestock center; on high ridge beyond strip-
mining area. Cth. & many downtown bldgs. are nearly as old as Nat. Rd., but there
are also plastics & other modern plants &, a short distance (N), beautiful Fetcher
Hospital. Cambridge Glass Co. (O.appl.), turns out hundreds of handblown pieces.
58. NEW CONCORD, literally created by Zane's Trace & a college town from its
beginning. Muskingum College (founded 1836), coed., has beautiful hilly campus.
Opp. entrance is log cabin BirthpL of Wm. Rainey Harper (1856-1906), graduate of
Muskingum & for 15 yrs. pres. of Chicago Univ. (see). A mile beyond Cambridge
is another S-bridge (1828).
73. ZANESVILLE (1797)
Market & 2nd Sts., B. & O. & Penn. RR. Sta. N. 5th St. near Market St., Union Bus
.Terminal. Accoms.: Good. Mun. Stadium. Info.: 45 N. 5th St., C. of C.
US 40OHIO 461
This hist, city at meeting of Muskingum & Licking Rs. is noted for its faience &
ceramic tile dishes, bowls, vases & art objects. Y Bridge, at foot of Main St., uniting
3 sees, of city, is 3rd on this site since 1814 & 1 of 3 in the world. Pottery-making
began in early 1800's & early Zanesville goblets & pitchers are collectors' items.
In 1769, Ebenezer Zane, with his 2 brothers, founded Wheeling. Then, during Rev.
War, Col. Zane was practically in charge of defense of Ft. Henry (see). In 1797-98,
with permission of Congress, Zane hacked the Trace from his Wheeling empire
to Maysville, Ky., a narrow road walled by fors. & ribbed by roots of ancient trees,
dusty in summer & muddy in spring. By 1830, more than 70 taverns had opened
along route. In payment, Zane received tracts at 3 important river crossings (Zanes-
ville, Lancaster & Chillicothe). The Muskingum site was given to Jonathan Zane &
John Mclntire, who created Zanesville, even had it designated St. capital (1810-12).
PTS. OF INT.: (1) Lexington Ave. & Pershing Rd., Mosaic Hie Co. Plant, probably
largest in world. (2) Ceramic Ave., Weller Pottery. (3) Linden Ave., Roseville
Pottery. At Maple & Adair Aves., (4) Art Institnte (O.wks.); Muskingum Cty.
Pioneer & Hist. Soc. exhibits. (5) 705 Converse Ave., Birthpl. of Zane Grey, great-
great-grandson of Ebenezer Zane. (6) Woodlawn Ave. & Washington St., Oldest EL
(1804.adds.). (7) 113 Jefferson St, Robbins H. (1809), academy, Underground Rail-
road sta. & home of Elizabeth Robbins, novelist.
SIDE TRIP: On US22 (SW) 21m to Somerset. At 5m, Five Mile H, (1830), 17-room stone
tavern. 15m Sego. 21m Somerset About 0.5m from village, on Stl3, is Phil Sheridan's Boy-
hood H.
US40 crosses central plain, fertile whether rolling or level. 78. Headley Inn (O.
summer), serving travelers as it did when Usual Headley built 1st unit of speckled
sandstone. 86. J. with St.668, which leads (N) 3m to Flint Ridge Mem. St Pk. (camp,
facils.), where Inds. chipped jasper & chalcedony. 127. COLUMBUS (see), state
capital.
Sec. 2: COLUMBUS to IND, LINE. 105.
0. COLUMBUS
43. SPRINGFIELD
Washington St, N.Y.C. RR. Sta.: Limestone & Union Sts., Perm. RIL Sta. Greyhound
& other bus lines. Mun. Airport (S) 6m bet, US68 & St72. Good accoms. & recr. facils.
Info.: E. Columbia St, Auto. Club.
Springfield, in Mad R. valley, Ohio's 9th city, seat of Wittenberg College, is in-
dustrial & trade center for rich farm territory; home of Crowell-Collier Publishing
Co. It is known also for its many roses. Narrow streets & massive 19th cent, brick
& stone bldgs. give older part a somber, crowded appearance, but downtown bldgs.
& fine homes on the slopes indicate a prosperous modern town. In (SW) sec. are
the homes, mostly nondescript, of large Negro pop. Chief manufactures are diesel
& gas engines, agric. & other heavy machinery, motor trucks & auto parts; extensive
nurseries. In 1798, the Kentuckian, Jas. Demint, built cabin on Buck Cr. In 1830's,
Springfield was terminus of Nat. Pike, the jumping-off place into the wilderness.
Crowell-Collier is development of "Farm & Fireside," house organ of P. P. Mast's
Cultivator Plant in 1870's. At that time, Springfield was also concerned with Win.
Whiteley's Champion binder & reaper (taken over by Internat Harvester Co.).
/TS. OF INT.: (1) Wittenberg College, on slope overlooking city; founded in 1845
^y Luth. Ch.; coed, school of standing. (2) E. High St., St. Raphael Ch.; windows
designed by Mayer of Munich. (3) E. High & Spring Sts., Arder Pub. Lib. (1890.
Richardson Romanes.). (4) Limestone & North Sts., Covenant (Presb.) Ch. (1917.
Gothuby GeaD.Savage). (5) W. High St., Crowell-Collier Plant (O.guides), one of
largest publishing plants in world. (6) Lagonda Ave. & Buck Cr., Internat Harvester
Co. (tours). (7) Columbia St Cemetery (pioneers). (8) E. High St. & Greenmount
Ave., Westcott H. (1905;Frank Lloyd Wright). (9) On Masonic Home grounds,
Madonna of the TrL Mon.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On US68 (N) 24m to W. Liberty, via Urbana. At 5m Hunt Tavern
(1830), on site of Simon Kenton's home in 1803. At 14m Urbana (1805), a quiet country
town with sm. industries. PTS. OF INT.: (1) Urbana Univ., coed., founded by Ch. of the
New Jerusalem in 1850; coll. of Swedenborgian literature. (2) At E. limits, Oakdale
Cemetery, where Simon Kenton, Ind. fighter, is buried. J. Q. A. Ward Mon., reprod. of
sculptor's own "The Ind. Fighter." (3) In Mon. Sq., J. Q. A. Ward's Soldiers' Mon. (4) 510
S. Main St., Brand Whiflock H., birthpl. of novelist who became Toledo's reform mayor
462 US 50 OHIO
& U.S. Minister to Belgium. (6) McDargh Mns. (O.appl.); hist, colls. At 24m, w. Liberty.
On St275 (W) of town is Site of Mac-0-Chee Town, Shawnee village destroyed in 1786.
Beyond on country Rd. is Mac-O-Chee Chateau (O.sm.fee.1864); hist. coll. Farther (E)
on St.275 is J. with St.287, which leads to Mac-O-Chee Castle (O.sm.fee.facils.), built by
Col. Don Piatt, whose newspaper, "Washington Capitol," attacked Credit Mobilier & other
political scandals. . , ^ ^
(B) On US68 (S) 10m from Springfield to Yellow Springs, seat of Antioch College, nation-
ally known for cooperative work-study plan. Founded in 1853 by Horace Mann, Antioch
was pioneer in admitting students regardless of color, creed or sex. Horace Mann Lib* on
site of Mann's home. Fels Research Institute BIdg. (1947), gift of Sam. S. Fels, of Phila.,
for "Study of Man." Mann MOIL in Bryan For. St. Pk. (f.camp.facils,). From Yellow
Springs, (S) 14.5^ on US68, Oldtown, on Site of Old Chillicothe, Shawnee settlement where
Ban. Boone was adopted into tribe. 18m Xenia, rural trading center with large Negro pop.
(NE) 3m on US42 is Wilberf orce, Negro cultural center & seat of Wilberforce Univ.,
named for Eng. abolitionist; founded in 1856 by Meth. Episc. Ch. Purchased, 1863, by
African M. E. Ch., it is now ranking coed, school offering normal, theological & in-
dustrial courses. At 8* is Cedarville, home of Cedarville College & Theological Sem-
inary of Reformed Presb. Ch.; founded in 1887.
49. J. with St.369
SIDE TRIP: On St.369 (S) 2.5m to Geo. Rogers Clark Mem. St Pk. (f.facils.no camp.),
where Clark defeated the Shawnee, Aug., 1780. In (SW) sec. is Clark MOBU
63.5. TAYLORSVILLE DAM, built on Miami R. after 1913 flood. 66.5. VAN-
DALIA, home of Amer. Trap-shooting Assoc. Grand Amer. Meet (Aug.). J. with
US25 (see) to Dayton. US40 crosses Stillwater R. over Englewood Dam, largest in
Miami Dist (4,700' x 125' x 1250; large pk. (camp.pic.shelter). 74. ENGLEWOOD,
Mennonite & Dunkard village. 87. LEWISBURG, (S) l m from hy.; trading center in
orchard belt. 105. IND LINE.
US 50 OHIO
OfflO-W. VA. ONE (Parkersburg, W. Va.) (W) to OHIO-IND. LINE (4 from
Richmond, Ind.) 213. US50
Via: Belpre, Little Hocking Guysville, Athens, Albany, McArthur, Chillicothe, Bain-
bridge, Hillsboro, Fayetteville, Cincinnati. RR., bus & airplane conns. & good accoms.
in larger towns. Route crosses Hocking R, valley, Wayne Nat. For. & hilly (SW)
country.
Sec. 1: W. VA. LINE to CfflLLICOlHE. 97.
US50 crosses Parkersburg-Belpre Bridge. 0. BELPRE, in lush orchard country;
sett, by Rev. War veterans from Marietta (1789). J. with St.7 (see Ohio R. Tour),
with which US50 unites for short distance. Near Belpre is Jonathan Stone H. (1799).
2* ROCKLAND. Trips to Blennerhasset I. (see Ohio R. Tour). 3.5. Putnam H.
(1800); "witch" doors with cross-shaped panels. 8. LITTLE HOCKING. US50
turns from Ohio R. & in COOLVILLE, 16.5., crosses the Hocking. 38. ATHENS,
situated on hills along R.; trade center & home of some 5,000 students. Ohio Univ.,
1st land-grant college in U.S. (inc. 1802). When Gen. Rufus Putnam org. Ohio. Co. in
1787, he recommended to Congress that 4 townships be set aside for univ., but he
could not bring surveying crew until after Treaty of Greenville. Athens was laid
out in 1799, & with it the univ. campus. Mem. Elms, honoring Wm. Holmes Me-
Guffey, Pres. of Univ. (1839-43) & compiler of "McGuffey Readers." Cutler Hall
(1817.by Benj.Corp.), oldest college bldg. in N.W. Terr. J. with US33 (see) & St.56.
SIDE TRIP: On St.56 (W) 10m to J. with St.356, route (S) into Waterloo St. For. (camp,
facils.). 14m J. with St.278, route (S) to Zaleski St For. (lswim.boat.pic.camp.).
US50 cont. through sparsely settled hill country, from which the once important
salt works & iron furnaces are long gone. Scattered homes on barren slopes or
along rocky ravines are poor & way of lif e is primitive.
97. CHILLICOTHE
Main & Sugar Sts., Union RR. Sta. 42 E. Main St., Union Bus Terminal. Accoms. Golf
& other recr. facils. Numerous pub. for. pks. in vie. Info.: 15 W. Second St., C. of C.
Chillicothe, 1st capital of Northwest & of Ohio, was perhaps also capital city of
prehist. people who built mounds on which it stands. Sett. 1796, it is now important
farm market & industrial center, situated bet. Scioto R. & Paint Cr., with Mt. Logan
standing sentinel to the N. The aristocratic tradition lingers, & along the main streets
are many elegant Gr. Rev. mansions. In 1782, Nath. Massie surveyed site, but
US 25 OHIO 463
settlement was not begun until 1796. Chillicothe became capital of N.W. Terr, in
1800 & st capital in 1803 (1803-10 & 1812-16). Paper-making, still a leading in-
dustry, began in 1812. City has fine Carnegie Lib. & good schools, incl. 2 high
schools for Negro pop. PTS. OF INT.: (1) Paint & Main Sts., Ross County C&.
(1855.mod.Gr.Rev.by RCollins); Site of 1st Capitol at rear. (2) 45 W. 5th St., Ross
Cty. Hist. Mus. (O). (3) Paint St. bet. 5th & 6th Sts., Pub. Lib. (1907), directed for
many yrs. by Burton Stevenson, founded of Amer. Lib. in Paris. (4) Mulberry &
4th Sts., Ind. Burying Ground; pioneer graves also. (5) E. Main St., Gen. St Claims
Hqs. (1798). (6) Arch & High Sts., Site of Cress Keys Tavern (1797). (7) In Grand-
view Cemetery, S. Paint St., are graves of Nath. Massie & early governors. (8) At
S. end of Main St., Mead Corp. Plant (O.appL), home office of very large paper
co.; 16 plants. (9) Off Eastern Ave., Chillicothe Paper Co. Plant (O.appL),
makers of quality papers. (10) McArthur St., S. of 7th St., U. S. Shoe Corp. Plant
(O.appL). (11) At W. end of Allen Ave., Adena (1798.probably by Latrobe), estate
of Thos. Worthington, Ohio Gov. (1814-18) & U. S. Sen. Adena Mound, which stood
on estate, disclosed carved ornaments & woven fabrics.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) US23 (N) 12m. At 3.5m Mt Logan, over which Wm. Creighton, Ohio
Secy, of State & Gov. Tiffin saw one morning in 1803 "the rising sun of a new state" (as on
Ohio seal). 4m Hopetown (moundbuilder) Works. At 12m j. with St.361, which leads (E) 1m
to Logan Ehn St. Pk^ around immense tree where Logan, Mingo chief, made celebrated
speech of reproach in 1774, after massacre on Ohio Rl near Yellow Creek (see Ohio R.
Tour & Wheeling, W. Va., Trip III).
(B) US23 (S) 9m to 9,000-a. Scloto TYL St Pk. (f.camp.piaaU facils.). 22.5m Waverly. J.
with St.112, Towpath Rd. past L. White St Pk.; summer resort.
(C) St.104 (NW) 1.5m to U.S. Industrial Reformatory & U.S. Veterans Hospital. (N) of
reformatory is Mound City Pk. (camp.facils.); 23 mounds somewhat restored.
Sec. 2: CHILLICOTHE to IND. LINE. 116.
US50 winds bet high ranging hills; then along Paint Cr., where Inds. came for
colored clays. Reg. is often called Valley of the Kings, because of prehist earth-
works. More than 350 mounds were found in Ross Cty. alone. At c.5. HOPEWELL
MOUNDS, 1st mapped in 1820. 17. SEIP MOUND ST. PK. (facils.); mound (250'
x 150' x 30 r ) was central tumulus of large group. 21. BAINBRIDGE. In backwoods
around & beyond are shacks & dingy settlements of the hill people. Just (W) of town
is J. with St.4L
SIDE TRIP: On St.41 (S) 21m to Locust Grove. At c.l2m Ft Hill St Mem. (camp.facils.);
1,000 forested as., around one of best-preserved prehist fts. in state. 21m Locust Spring.
J. with St.73; (W) 4m on St73 to Serpent Mound, largest & most fascinating effigy mound
in America.
US50 enters ROCKY FORK GORGE on Paint Cr. At c.26., SEVEN CAVES (il-
luminated), along trl. notable for diversity of flora. 38. HSLLSBORQ (1807), live-
stock trading center. 55. FAYETTEVILLE, J. with US68.
SIDE TRIP: On US68 (N) 20m to Wilmington, seat of Wilmington College & urban center
of rich dairy & farming area. Clinton County Cth. (Class.Rev.) is one of most pleasing of
Ohio's fine cths. Wilmington College, Quaker institution inc. in 1875 on site of Franklin
College (1866); coed.; nonsectarian student body.
94. CINCINNATI (see). Hy. crosses city & follows Ohio R. (W)/ 116* IND. LINE.
US 25 OHIO
MICH. LINE (51 from Detroit) (S) to KY. LINE (at Cincinnati). 211. US25
Via: Toledo, Maumee, Perrysburg, Bowling Green, Findlay, Bluffton, Lima, Wapa-
koneta, Piqua, Troy, Dayton, Miamisburg, Sharonville. Through RR. & bus conns. &
good accoms. all along route. US23 & US24 also enter here from Mich. & US68 begins
route roughly parallel to US25.
US25, the Dixie Hy., runs (N-S) across W. Ohio, first enters Maumee R. valley,
made famous by Gens. Wm. Harrison & Anthony Wayne; now has internat repu-
tation for concentration of industry.
Sec. 1: MICH. LINE to PIQUA. 130.
3.5. US25 unites with US24. 4. TOLEDO (see). 14. MAUMEE (see). J. with US20
(see). Across Maumee R. is PERRYSBURG. US25 unites with US68. 27. BOW-
LING GREEN, seat of Bowling Green St. Univ. J. with US6 (see), (for this sec. see
Toledo). Beyond Bowling Green is oil country, & wells are scattered around this
464 US 25 OHIO
excellent farming area. 41. N. BALTIMORE (short distance W. of hy.) & 43. VAN
BUREN were once oil centers. 51. FINDLAY (1821). Industrial & oil center; seat
of Findlay College. Town grew up with oil boom in late 19th cent. Has large
foundries, refineries & clay-products plants. In 1860's D. R. Locke, editor of "Find-
lay Jeffersonian" & later of "Toledo Blade," had nat. audience for his letters of
"Petroleum Vesuvius Nasby," a stupid Copperhead whose arguments made Con-
federacy appear ridiculous. Findlay College, small but first-rate coed, school, &
Winebrenner Graduate Sch. of Divinity (Churches of God) have campus in E. sec.
US25 & US68 separate here.
SIDE TRIP: On US68 (S) to Bellefontaine 48m. At 4m HuH's TrL Mon,, comm. march of
Ohio militia in 1812. 27m Kenton, prosperous town on Scioto R. J. with US30S (see). 48m
Bellefontaine, on highest land in Ohio; seat of Logan Cty., leading producer of alfalfa &
rye. OS St.275 (E) 7m are Zane Caverns (1 hr.tour). J. with US33, route to Indl L. St. Pk.
(f.h.boatcamp.facils.). Scattered oil pumps, tanks & refineries shine in the fields (SW) of
Findlay.
69. BLUFFTON, est by Mennonite & Swiss settlers in 1833. Bhiffton College (1900)
is Mennonite school, coed. & accredited. 75. BEAVERDAM. J. with US30N (see).
84. LIMA (see US30). US25 crosses Ottawa R. 97. WAPAKONETA, on Auglaize
R. J. with US33 & St. 198.
SIDE TRIP: On US33 (W) llm to St Marys, once known as Girty's Town, main supply
depot in Ind. Wars, being end of portage from Ft. Laramie (S). By treaty signed here, 1818,
the Wyandot, Shawnee & Ottawa gave up large tracts for settlement. From St Marys, St.29
runs along (N) edge of Grand L. (St Marys), largest inland L. in Ohio. Near Ceiina, at
(NW) cor., is Grand L. St Pk. (f.h.camp. resorts).
(S) 9.5m on US127 from Ceiina to J. with St.119; (W) 8m on Stll9 to Ft. Recovery St.
Pk. (campjfacils.), on site of Gen. St. Clair's defeat in 1791 & Gen, Wayne's return in
1793. Stockade (reprod.).
At 117. on US25 is SIDNEY, named for Eng. poet. On Ohio & Court Sts., is a Louis
Sullivan Bank Bldg., 130. PIQUA, industrial town on Great Miami R.; known
widely for knitted wear & textiles. Long before Piqua became canal port, it was
meeting place for Ind. tribes, particularly beloved by the Shawnee, small inde-
pendent tribe originating in Florida, near Suwanee R. Tecumseh, the Shooting Star,
perhaps greatest among hist. Inds., was born here in 1768. About 1752, the French
destroyed Miami village of Pickawillany & built Ft. Piqua, (N) 3 m from present
town. Around ft. the Shawnee had their villages of Upper & Lower Piqua. Lower
Piqua was destroyed by Geo. Rogers Clark in 1780 & again by Simon Kenton in
1782, Near Piqua is Pickawillany Mon.
Sec. 2: PIQUA to KY. LINE. 81.
US25 follows Miami R. & route of M. & E. Canal through fertile valley 19. VAN-
DALIA. J. with US40 (see).
28. DAYTON
Ludlow & 6th Sts., Union RR. sta. 145 W. 4th St, Greyhound Bus Sta. Mun. Airport
(N) 10m at Vandalia. Accoms.: good. Sports facils. Theaters (stage & screen). Mont-
gomery Cty. Fair (Sept.). Shows at Art Institute. Folk festivals. Mo.; C. of C in
Biltmore Hotel. '
Dayton, Ohio's 6th big city, home of Wright Brothers & Paul Laurence Dunbar,
poet; is also home of cash register & city manager plan, of Air Material Command &
Miami Conservancy Project. It is nat. aviation center & noted for diversity of its
other industries. It is also a beautiful city in a beautiful setting. City plan allows a
spacious downtown dist. in loop of the Miami, & throughout city are riverside pks.,
drives & many bridges. There is a minimum of smoke & noise, since there is no
**factory dist.'* & because plants are mainly of light-industry type.
Site of Dayton was happy hunting ground for Inds. for many yrs. Then it was
crossed by frontiersmen & soldiers & desperate bands of the dispossessed In 1793
Jonathan Dayton purchased land here, & town was inc. in 1 805. In 1 840 some 70 000
crowded to the little town (6,000 pop.) to hail "Tippecanoe and Tyler too!" In 1879
the citizens laughed at James Ritty's "mechanical money drawer"; but in 1884 John
Patterson took it over & brought precision workmen to his "daylight factory " Wil-
bur & Oryille Wright were working on their flying machine near close of cent, &
Barney Oldfields racing career began. Chas. R Kettering opened the laboratories
that became Delco. In 1913 flood, approx. 400 died & damlge rose above $100 OoT
000. Dayton s answer was Miami Conservancy Dist, est in 1915, at cost of $31^
US 33 OHIO 465
000,000. Indirectly, flood brought the city manager plan, adopted to meet crisis.
During 2 world wars, Dayton became nat. aviation center.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) Main & 3rd Sts., Old Courth. (1850.Class.Rev.by Howard
Daniels). (2) 405 W. RLverview Ave., Art Institute (1930.ItalRen.by Edw.B.
Green); gift of Mrs. Harrie G. Carnell; designed after triple-arched casino of Villa
Farnese. Of special note are Chinese Temple, Ital. & Goth, chapels, Mrs. Car-
nell's Oriental Coll. & Coll. of Wright Brothers' Medals. (3) 208 W. 1st St.,
Westminster First Presb. Ch. (org.1799.bldg.1926.Goth.by Schenck & Williams),
home of Westminster Choir. (4) 215 E. 3rd St., Pub. Lib. & Mas.; McKinley Monu
(ded.1910), presented by school children. (5) In Van Cleve Pk. is log Newcom
Tavern (1796), city's oldest H.; pioneer coll. (6) 219 N. Summit St., Dunbar H. St
Mem. (O.1873), home of Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906), whose "Lyrics of
Lowly Life" (1896) was widely acclaimed. The poetic boy, son of former slaves,
worked in Dayton elevator. (7) Univ. of Dayton (Cath.), coed., lib. arts & engineering
colleges; founded in 1850. Immaculate Conception Chapel. (8) Patterson Blvd.,
Deeds Carillon; 32 bells in fine tower. (9) In Woodland Cemetery, Graves of Wright
Brothers, Col. Robt. Patterson, & Dnnbar. (10) Industrial Plants: 300 Taylor St,
Frigidaire (O); National Cash Register (tours); McCall Corp., publishers. (11) On
St.4 (NE) 4 m is Wright Field, hqs. of Army Material Command, in conjunction with
Patterson Field, c.8 m , & Clinton Cty. Army Airfield; probably world's greatest
aeronautical center. From Wright Field (N) to Wright Mem.
38.5. MIAMISBURG, laid out by Pa. settlers in 1818. Has foundries, paper mills &
cordage factories. 3 early tobacco warehouses still stand. A little farther on, (W) of
hy., is Mamisburg Mound (pic.lookout), largest in state. 44.5. FRANKLIN (1796),
once busy canal port; known now for paper mills & Eldridge Entertainment BL (O),
distributors of plays & songs.
SIDE TRIP: On St.73 (SW) 5m to Middftetawn, fair-sized paper-making & tobacco center.
Here, in July, 1825, Gov. DeWitt Clinton, of N, Y., & Gov. Jeremiah Morrow, of Ohio,
turned spadeful of earth inaugurating construction of M. & E. Canal. Curtis St, Amer.
Rolling Mill Co. (O.appl.). Central Ave. Lorillard Tobacco Co. (O.appL).
49. on US25, Poland-China Hog Mon., marble mem. to breed developed by Shakers,
54. MONROE. J. with St.63, which leads (E) 5 m to Shaker Village (1805-1913). 80.
CINCINNAII (see), which spreads (S) to Ohio R., 8L KY LINE.
US 33 OHIO
OfflO-W. VA. LINE (1^ from Mason, W. Va.) (NW) to IND. LINE (9 from
Decatur, Ind.). 228. US33
Via: Pomeroy, Athens, Nelsonville, Logan, Lancaster, Lithopolis, Columbus, Dublin,
Marysville, Indian Lake, Wapakoneta, St. Marys, Willshire. RR. & bus conns. & good
accoms. in larger towns; resorts in recr. areas & camp sites in nat. for. & St pks. Scenic
tour crossing Hocking R valley, sees, of Wayne Nat For., only one in state, the popular
Ind. L. recr. area & hist, country along W. boundary.
Sec. 1: W* VA. LINE to COLUMBUS. 102. US33.
0. POMEROY, across Pomeroy-Mason Bridge from W. Va, J. with St7 (Ohio R.
Tour). In the hill country, fox hunting is popular, & customs brought from Brit
Isles & New England survive along with johnny cake, cherry bounce & sassafras
tea. US33 passes wooded ravines & hilltop orchards, an occasional coal mine.
27. ATHENS (see US50) bet two units of Wayne Nat For. US33 follows Hocking
R. into Wayne Nat For. (hqs. in Columbus), covering c. 1,500,000 as. noted for
autumn coloring of its hardwoods. Before Civil War, Ohio was leading hardwood-
state. Then, in 1870's, rich deposits of iron ore were discovered & more fprs.
vanished to keep furnaces burning. Ohio lost all but fraction of primeval covering.
Once the fors. were cut down, rich topsoil was washed by rains & swept along
flooding rivers. Fed. Gov. is carrying out large-scale projects in reforestation & con-
servation of wildlife. (For.camps.pic.trls.). 42. NELSONVILLE. Just (N) are de-
veloped pic. & camp, areas within nat for. (f.h.). 54. LOGAN, center of celebrated
Hocking Pk. area. J. with St.75 (which leads (E) 12^ to Straitsville Mine Fire, where
coal has smouldered since 1884). Hocking Pks. (pic.camp.shelters) owe their caves,
cliffs & tunnels to rock formation composed largely of mineral quartz, which resists
466 CINCINNATI, OHIO
erosion while upper & lower layers of shale are gradually worn away. Thus fan-
tastic grottoes, caverns & natural bridges have been created.
SIDE TRIP: On St.664 (SW) llm to J. with St374, which leads to noted Old Man's Cave
St. Pk. (camp.facils.), named for hermit who lived beneath rocky ledge a cent ago. Cas-
cading creek follows deep gorge that runs through 1,400-a, pk. Cedar Falls is in grove of
evergreens. Another waterfall tumbles down cliffs of Ash Cave, whose walls are covered
with rare flowers & fern. A few miles (N) on St.374 is Conkles Hollow, rocky canyon cov-
ered with hardwoods. RockhoHse (N) of S. Bloomingville on St.374, is natural cathedral
with pillars of colored stone, probably once a moundbuilders' shelter. St.374 cont (N)
through 300-a. Cantwell Cliffs St Pk., popular with picnickers & nature lovers & famous
for rhododendron; St.374 rejoins US3 near Rockbridge.
US33 cont (NW) from Logan. 73. LANCASTER. 88.5. CANAL WINCHESTER.
99.5. BEXLEY. 102. COLUMBUS (see Columbus for this sec.).
Sec. 2: COLUMBUS to BSD. LINE. 126. US33
0. COLUMBUS. Hy. winds along Gt Scioto R. through recr. area created by Griggs
& O'Shaughnessy dams, part of Columbus water system. Near DUBLIN, 13., is J.
with St.257 (which runs (N) past Leatfcerfips Mon. (1888), comm. Wyandot chief-
tain; the bridge & reservoir of O'Shaiighnessy Dam; Columbus Zoo). 30. MARYS-
VILLE, charming town sett, in 1816; home of Otway Curry, who wrote "The Log
Cabin Song" for Wm. H. Harrison's campaign. 49. ZANESFEELD, sett in 1819 on
the land of Isaac Zane, who was adopted into Wyandot tribe. He married White
Crane, daughter of Chief Tarhe, & remained in Ind. village for 40 yrs. Zane, friend
of the settlers, was at signing of Greenville Treaty, 1795. Zane-Kenton Mon. In
Ebenezer Zaee H. (1805) was held 1st M.E. Quarterly Conference in N.W. Terr.
(1819). Near Zanesfield is Site of Wapatomica, Shawnee town where Simon Kenton
was saved from massacre by Simon Girty, 1778, before Girty threw in his lot with
Brit 56. BELLEFONTAINE (see) near highest land in Ohio. 70. IND. L. ST. PIL
(f.h.camp.facils.boat), around 11,000-a. L.; summer resort; centers also at Russells
Point & Lakeview. In Manary Blockh. Mus^ Lakeview, is exhibit of pre-Rev. and-
irons, tintypes, printed cottons. 89. WAPAKONETA (see). J. with US25 (see). US33
swings (N) & follows roughly the St Marys R. to IND. LINE, at 126.
CINCINNATI
CINCINNATI
Union KR. Terminal, Lincoln Pk. Dr. & Dalton Ave. Bus Depots: Greyhound, E. 5th &
Sycamore Sts. Traflways, 123 E. Court St Greater Cincinnati Airport, across R. in
Ky. Foot of Broadway for "Island Queen" to Coney I. (daily Mem. Day to Labor Day).
Foot of Main St., Greene Line Steamers for Miss. R. cruises. Excellent accoms, &
recr. facils. Good theaters, symphony orchestra, art & other museums. Summer opera
at Zoo. Annual Events: Good Friday Pilgrimage, Biennial May Music Festival (odd
yrs.), Exhibit of Amer. Art (Oct.). Info.: C. of C., 4th & Race Sts.
Cincinnati, 2nd largest city, is still "a queen among cities" as Longfellow named it,
& Cincinnatians are "courteous & agreeable" as Dickens found them in 1842. City
rises on low terraces dominated by Carew Tower & Union Central Bldg., & then its
suburbs spread back & high among the hills. Price Hill & Mt Adams face each
other across the Basin. Shut off from N. Ohio by rugged ranges, Cincinnati has al-
ways looked to the S., while Ohio R. has linked it with E, & W. So, today, it is
cultural & econ. center for immense area. Nationally known centers of music, art
& education have grown up here Univ. of Cincinnati, Xavier Univ., Our Lady of
Cincinnati & Hebrew Union colleges; Symphony Orchestra & outstanding Art. Mus.
Industrial products incl. soap, radios, watches, plastics, playing cards & machine
tools; also meat-packing plants, steel works & breweries. Kroger Stores & Fleisch-
mann s Yeast began here. Once victim of boss rule, Cincinnati later won title of
"best governed city."
In 1786, Benj. Stites, a trader, crossed from Ky. in pursuit of Ind. horse thieves. Im-
pressed by the country, he carried E. a glowing report to Congressman J. C. Symmes
y?o p o I mpt J y P urc ? ased 2,000,000 as. of land bet. Little & Big Miami Rs. In
1788, Stites & some Ky. settlers founded Columbia, & another group settled Losanti-
yille downstream. In 1789 Symmes founded N. Bend. Terr. Gov. Art St Clair came
to Ft Washington, at LosantiviUe, in 1790, & changed name of village to Cincin-
CINCINNATI, OHIO 467
nati, in honor of society org. by Continental Army officers. After War of 1812, town
boomed with river commerce, becoming shipbuilding center & focus of westward
immigration. With completion of Miami & Erie Canal, its flour mills, meatpacking
plants & distilleries flourished. In 1830's liberal Germans came & made famous the
Oyer-the-Rhine sec. of Vine St. After potato famine in 1848, hundreds of Irish
joined Cincinnati's native-born Virginians, New Englanders & Kentuckians. Before
Civil War, Cincinnati was a metropolis. During Gilded Age, Geo. Cox became city's
boss, & vice flourished for nearly 40 yrs. Cth. Riot of 1884 grew out of public anger
against political corruption. Finally in 1925, the reform charter group brought in a
clean election & city manager system. During the yrs. that followed, Cincinnati was
transformed. Now, city planners are at work on slum-clearance, riverfront devel-
opment & over-all street pattern that will link scattered communities.
PTS. OF INT. DOWNTOWN: (1) Front St., Pub. Landing, granite-paved area
where settlers landed. Greene Line Wharf for modern "Delta Queen" & "Gordon C.
Greene," last of the packets (leaves St. Louis, Mo.). Coney I. Wharf (see Trip I
below). Front St., in great days of river trade, was lined with hotels, stores, res-
taurants & saloons. Sees, of it, known as the Levee, Rat Row & Sausage Row, were
notorious. (2) Pearl St., (N) 2 blocks, is still the marketplace, with famous Pear! St
Growers Market (1816). (3) 3rd & Walnut Sts., United Bank Bldg. (Richardson
Romanes.). (4) 3rd & Vine Sts., Site of Burnet H. (1850), 340-room hotel. (5) 411 E.
3rd St., Site of Mrs. Trollope's Bazaar (1828), the fancy-goods establishment run by
mother of Anthony Trollope. Mrs. Trollope deplored the natives' uncouth manners,
while they ignored her trinkets, marked up for profit from retail price she had paid,
In 1830, Mrs. Trollope left in disdain & wrote caustic "Domestic Manners of the
Americans." (6) 414 E. 3rd St., Audubon H., where artist-scientist worked at taxi-
dermy. (7) 3rd St. bet Ludlow & Broadway, Ft. Washington Mon. (8) 429 E. 3rd St.,
Daniel Brake H., home of great doctor, teacher, writer (1785-1852); founder of
Medical College (1817) & several schools, hospitals & libs. (9) In Fountain Sq.
(1870), Tyler Davidson Fountain (1871.by Von Kreling of Nuremberg). (10) 5th &
Vine Sts., Carew Tower (1930.by Walter Ahlschlager), city's tallest skyscraper. (11)
E. of Sq., Federal Bldg. (1939.Mod.). (12) W. of Sq., Union Central Bldg. (1917.by
Cass Gilbert). (13) 629 Vine St., Pub. lib. (1865.by Jas.McLaughlin). (14) 6th St.
from Vine to Race Sts., Terrace Plaza Hotel (1948.Mpd.by Skidmore, Owings &
Merrill); lobby of 8th floor, above windowless shopping & business center; res-
taurant on top of bldg. with Joan Miro Mural, sculpture by Alex. Calder & Saul
Steinberg's cartoon mural. (15) Vine & 6th Sts., Palace Hotel & other bldgs. sur-
viving from 1880*s. (16) Plum & W. 8th Sts., Old Cathedral of St Peter in Chains
(1845.Gr.Rev.by Henry Walter); named for its painting by Murillp. (17) 309 W.
Court St, Lloyd Lib. (O), noted lib. of medicine & pharmaceutics; adj. is Lloyd Bros.
Plant. (18) Central Pky. & Walnut St., Industrial Mus. (O.wks.), of Ohio Mechanics
Institute (1829). (19) Elm & Grant Sts., Hamilton Cty. Mem. Bldg. (1908); large hist
colL (20) Lincoln Pk. Dr., Lincoln Court (1942), one of several projects for con-
centrated Negro pop. (21) Lincoln Pk. Dr. (W) end. Union Terminal (1933.by E.D.
Tyler), considered one of world's most beautiful RR. stas.
PTS. OF INT. E. & NE.r (22) In Lytle PL, Statue of Abraham Lincoln (1917.by
Geo.Grey Barnard), considered a masterpiece. (23) 318 Pike St, Taft Mus. (O.1820.
Gr.Rev.probably by Latrobe), housing Chas. Taft Coll. of noted paintings; also coll.
of Frank Duyeneck, city's 19th cent, teacher-painter. Taft H. is considered one of
finest remaining examples of Adams style. (24) Mt, Adams, reached by Scenic In-
cline Ry. Good Friday Pilgrimage begins at Columbia Ave. below & proceeds up
slope to Ch. of Immaculate Conception & Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto. Near-by
are Rockwood Potteries (tours). By Ida St Bridge, Pilgrim Chu (Presb.1887), built
by Prots. & Caths. (25) Columbia Pky. (NE) from Mt Adams, Eden Pk. On wooded
hilltop is Art Mus.; main bldg. (1886.Romanes.by J.McLaughlin); wings around
open court (1907-3 S.Gr.Rev. & one Romanes.); Mary M. Emery Old Masters,
Duveneck oils, Shelt ColL of Ancient Egyptian Art, & Hanna ColL In Eden Pk. also
are Art Academy & Krohn Conserv. (O). (26) On Time Hill (NE) from downtown,
Gruen Watch Co. (O). (27) Oak & Winslow Sts., Ch. of the New Jerusalem (Sweden-
borgian); window by Burne-Jones. (28) Gilbert <& Foraker Aves., Lyman Beecher
Homestead, in Walnut Hills Negro dist. Here, in her father's house, Harriet Beecher
Stowe met abolitionists. (29) Edgecliff Rd. at Francis Lane, Our Lady of Cincinnati,
Cath. college for women. (30) Madison Rd. & Dexter PL, Institutum Bivi Thomae
468 TRIPS OUT OF CINCINNATI
(Oappl.), (Cath.) center of research; est. 1935. (31) Victory Pky., Xavier Univ.
(Jesuit.1831), in symmetrical group of bldgs. (1920-29.Tudor Goth.).
(32) Walnut Hills, residential suburbs. Among many mansions are Holabird Leede-
Mug Castle (1833), Longworth Estate, Shipley H. (1875), The Pines (1827). (33)
Oakley Factory Colony, begun in 1907 when Cin. Machine Tool Co. was est, (34)
Avondale, long-est. & attractive Jewish settlement. At N. Crescent Ave., Isaac M.
Wise Temple Center. Lexington Ave., Avondale Synagogue (1926.Class.Rev.by
Oscar Schwartz). (35) Eden Ave., Univ. of Cin* College of Medicine; lib. has coll.
of Dr. Drake's (see above) books & instruments. (36) Oak St. & Burnet Ave., Con-
serv* of Music* founded by Clara Bauer in 1867.
PTS. OF INT. W. & NW.: (37) Price Hill, hilltop suburb, reached by incline. Among
fine churches, schools & houses are many early mansions. (38) Along Mill Cr. (E)
are several industrial communities around large plants: On Colerain Ave., Crosley
Radio Corp. Main Plant; Display Room (O) & Lodge & Shipley Machine Tool Co.,
one of city's largest. On Spring Grove Ave., E. Kahn's Sons, large meat-packing
plant, Cin. Union Stock Yard Co. (tours on appl.), huge livestock exchange opened
in 1873 & Proctor & Gamble Co. (1837), Ivorydale (tours Tues.& Thurs.). In Hart-
well, most northerly suburb, Nat Distillers Products Corp. (O.appl). (39) Hebrew
Union College, bet Riddle Rd. & Dixmyth Ave., oldest & most celebrated Jewish
theological school in U. S.; founded in 1875 by Rabbi Isaac M. Wise; cooperates
with Univ. of Cin. Expansion program (1948) incl. School of Sacred Music in N.Y.C.
Bernheim Lib. (O); art coU. (40) Univ. of Cincinnati, at S. end of Burnet Woods; one
of oldest (1870) & largest mun. colleges in U. S. Incl. early Cin. College & Medical
College (1819), Cin. Astronomical Soc. (1842) & McMicken Univ. (1869). McMicken
Hall (1895), Hanna Hall (1896). Cunningham Hall (1899). (41) At Lafayette Circle,
Abbe Meteorological Observatory, named for Cleveland Abbe, who started nation's
1st weather serv. in Cincinati in 1869.
TRIPS OUT OF CINCINNATI (see also Ky.).
I. US52 (S) to GRANT MEM. ST. PEL 32. Via: Coney I., Pt Pleasant
Route follows Kellogg Ave. (E) along Ohio R. 15. CONEY I. AMUSEMENT PK*
(MemJDay to Labor Day.pic.swim.baUroom.playfields). River Downs Race Track.
Lompkin (mun.) Airport, near Mt Washington, suburb. 25. NEW RICHMOND
(1816), rebuilt after every flood. Beautiful esplanade. 32. PT. PLEASANT, birthpl.
of Pres. Grant. Grant Mem. St. Pk* (pic.facils.) surrounds Grant H. Mus. (O.rest.) &
Grant Mem, Ch.
IL US50 (E) to FAYETTEVBLLE. 43. Via: Mariemont, Plainville, Milford. Fol-
low Madison Rd. (NE), which becomes Wooster Pike in Madisonville, 13. MARIE-
MONT, created in 1822 on Little Miami R. as ideal Eng. village. Mariemont Inn*
At 5801 Wooster Pike, Eliphalet Ferris H. (1813.Georg.Col.rest). Adj. Mariemont
is Plainville, summer resort
18. TERRACE PARK, residential. John Robinson H., on estate of great circus man.
43* FAYETTEVILLE, largely Cath. community. St Aloysins Academy (1850).
IH. US50 (W) to IND. LINE, 19. Via: Addyston, North Bend, Cleves.
US50 offers view of shantyboats along shore, occasionally a Greene Line packet or
tremendous barge fleet 11.5. ADDYSTON (1871). 14.5. NORTH BEND, one of
orig. settlements (1789). Site of Benj. Harrison's Birthpl. & long-time home of Pres.
W. H. Harrison, his grandfather. Wm. H. Harrison Mem. St. Pk. (facils.) overlooks
R. & passing steamboats salute man buried beneath Harrison Mem. Shaft. 19. IND.
LINE.
IV. US22, St.350 (N) to FT. ANCIENT ST. PK. 44. Via: Norwood, Silverton,
Montgomery, Hopkinsville, Morrow, (Lebanon).
Follow Montgomery Rd. (NE). 5. NORWOOD, a separate city, heavily indus-
trialized, partly because of favorable tax rate. Many fine 19th cent Hs. At Main &
Moeller Aves., Mount St Mary's Seminary of the West Large industrial plants
(mostly N.O.) are: Allis-Cfaalmers, U. S. Playing Card Co., Globe-Wemlcke, Amer.
Laundry Machinery Co. & Kemper Thomas Co. 11. SILVERTON (1804). Hy. leaves
plateau & crosses R. near HOPKINSVILLE, 26. J. with St.48.
SIDE TRIP: On St.48 (N) 7.5m to Lebanon. Only remaining one of its famous taverns is
The Golden Lamb (1815). On sign beneath the lamb are names of Dickens, Henry Clay &
other distinguished guests. Here, in 1871, C. L. Vallandingham, Copperhead leader, killed
CLEVELAND, OHIO 469
himself accidentally while re-enacting a supposed murder in order to get facts to clear his
client Near Lebanon is Shaker Village, on St.63.
38. J. with St.350, over which trip cont. (W). 44. FT. ANCIENT ST. PK. (piacamp.
concessions), around largest prehist. fortification in U.S, Moundbuilder Mus. (sm.
fee).
V. US127 (N) 23. to HAMILTON.
HAMILTON (1791)
Through RR. & bus conns. Commercial airports. Good accoms. Recr. facils. in nu-
merous pks. Le Sourdsville L. Amusement Pk. (N).
City on site of ft. built by Gen. St. Clair in 1791-92 is now important industrial
center, nationally known for machine tools, safes & stoves. Wm. Dean Howells
spent boyhood here. W. of Miami R. are older Hs., with grilled balconies, mingling
with fine modern homes. Around site of ft (E) is mixed area, with large pop. of fac-
tory workers. Soldiers, Sailors, & Pioneers Mem. (O); large hist. coll. Across from
it is Site of Ft Hamilton. One of world's largest makers of machine tools is General
Machinery Corp.
VI. US27 (NW) to IND. LINK 47. Via: Oxford.
16. J. with US50 (see), which links US27 & US127. Just beyond J., route crosses
Gt Miami R. & swings (N) through Millville & McGonigle. 41. OXFORD, seat of
Miami Univ. & Western College; college town since 1809, when the fors. were
cleared away for the univ. Hy. runs near border of rolling campus of Western Univ.
(O.I 825). Facing campus is Lewis Place, president's house. W. H. McGuffey com-
piled his 1st "Eclectic Reader" while pres. at Miami, & Pres. Benj. Harrison was in
class of 1852. Oxford College for Women, which became part of Univ. in 1928, was
started by J. W. Scott, father of Mrs. Benj. Harrison. PTS. OF INT.: Beta Theta Pi
Campanile (1939), with Westminster bells. Stoddard HaH, one of orig. bldgs.
Century-old Simpson H. Alumni Lib. & McGnffey Mem. Mus. On High St., Caroline
S. Harrison Mem. BIdg. (1849.Queen Anne); Oak & Spring Sts., W. H. McGnffey H.
Western College For Women (Presb.1853) was modelled after Mt. Holyoke.
Alumnae Hall has Heath Chime. Helen Peabody Hall (1871) is named for great
early teacher, pupil of Mary Lyon. At 47. US27 crosses IMX ONE at COLLEGE
CORNER.
CLEVELAND
CLEVELAND
RR. Stas.: Pub. Sq., Union Terminal; W. 6th St. & Front Ave., Penn. RR.: Superior
Ave. near W. 9th St., Erie RR. Superior Ave. & E. 9th St., Greyhound Bus Terminal.
Erieside Dr. (SW) 8^, Mun. Airport. Riverside Ave., D. & C. Navigation Co. Dock.
Accoms.: All types. Auditoriums & theaters incl. Pub. Auditorium, Playhouse Sq., The
Play House & Severance Hall (Orchestra). Mun. Stadium & recr. facils. in 10,000-a. Pk.
System. Annual Events: May Show (Ap.-June), Mus. of Art; Garden Tours (May-
June), Garden Center at E. Blvd. & Euclid Ave.; Nat. Air Races (Labor Day week end);
Home & Flower Show (Mar.). Info.: 400 Union Commerce BIdg., C. of C.
Cleveland, largest city in Ohio & 6th largest in U.S., is greatest L. Erie port & one
of world's greatest iron & steel centers, extending nearly 30 miles along shore.
Through center of city is wide valley of Cuyahoga R., & here on the Flats are steel
mills, oil refineries, factories & lumber yards. Commercial & residential dists. rise
on either side on higher level of old lakebed. On the Heights & in Chagrin valley are
suburbs of notable beauty, incl. romantic Gates Mills, with Hunt Club & Polo
Field. From High Level Bridge, the city plan is seen to be simple & orderly, with
all aves. leading to Pub. Sq., above which rises the Terminal Tower, tallest bldg. in
U.S. outside of N.Y.C. More than half the people are of foreign birth or parentage,
representing nearly 50 nationalities. Most of the Negro citizens (8 per cent of total)
live around edge of downtown disk, where housing projects are replacing slums.
Chief industries are shipping & processing of iron & steel & manufacture of ma-
chine tools, automotive & aviation parts, textiles, electrical products & chemicals.
Cleveland has always been model of civic enterprise, with excellent Welfare Federa-
tion & Community Fund. Townsend Plan has hqs. here. Western Reserve Univ.,
Case Institute of Technology, John Carroll Univ., Penn College & Ursuline College
for Women are outstanding institutions, & Cleveland's Symphony Orchestra &
Play House are nationally known. 1st white settlement at mouth of Cuyahoga R.
was trading post, est in 1747 by the Irishman, Geo. Croghan, 1st Brit, agent in
470 CLEVELAND, OHIO
area. When N.W. Terr, was org. (1787), Conn, was allowed to keep part of land
held by grant from Charles II, from Pa. Line (W) to the "South Sea." This Western
Reserve, extending 120 miles, was bought & surveyed by Conn. Land Co., led by
Gen. Moses Cleaveland. The Firelands, 500,000 as., about 50 miles (W), were re-
served by Conn, to repay citizens for damage during Rev. Instructed to found "a
capital town," Cleaveland laid out 2 main streets (Superior & Ontario) as broad as
they are today. The 49 settlers endured winter of 1796 & then forsook their capital
by the frozen lake. When the <e Walk-in-the-Water" steamed into L. Erie in 1818,
Cleveland was smallest of 14 towns in Western Reserve. Then, in 1832, the Ohio^
Erie Canal was completed with Cleveland as terminal, & in 1836 the city inc. with
5,000 citizens. Mid-century, the RRs. brought 1st loads of L. Superior ore & of
bituminous coal from the E.
Cleveland was already a big city when Rockefeller & Hanna families settled here.
In Civil War period, it was a vital sta, on Underground Railroad. Then came tre-
mendous development. J. D. Rockefeller org. Standard Oil in 1870; Mark Hanna
made fortune in coal & shipping, & Jephtha H. Wade in the telegraph & real estate.
White Mfg. Co. made sewing machines; Sherwin Williams Paint & Otis Steel (1st
open hearth) were est Charles F. Brush lighted Pub. Sq. with carbon arc lamps; &
America's 1st electric streetcars appeared in the "Forest City" (1884). Cleveland's
wealthy men began to look around. J. H. Wade gave land for 1st city pk. The
Opera House & "The Plain Dealer" were founded. Through Aeries of consolidations,
the industrial giants of era created some of America's notorious trusts in Cleveland.
Mark Hanna, maker of Presidents, met opposition at4ast in Thos. L. Johnson, who
was fought by Hanna but held office of mayor for 5 terms. Under him & his suc-
cessor, Newton 0. Baker, city politics were given a thorough cleaning. Labor, in
1880 s s, had fought through several widespread strikes to official recognition. Cleve-
land Fed. of Labor was org. in 1910. During World War I, Cleveland profited finan-
cially & in return gave 1st Red Cross unit & 1st Community Chest to the country.
The Symphony Orchestra was org. in 1918, & Mus. of Art built in 1916. The Van
Sweringen brothers created their famous empire, developing beautiful Shaker
Heights, acquiring Nickel Plate RR. & building Terminal Tower group & Union Sta.
before their financial structure collapsed. The pop. had completely changed with
expanding labor market & because of this, Cleveland's interest in art, music &
drama was intensified, & its Play House & Gilpin Players, a Negro theater, became
nationally famous.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) High Level Bridge (1918), largest of its kind in world. (2) St
Clair Ave. at W. 9th St., Site of Cleveland's Landing. (3) W. 6th St. & Frankfort
Ave., WeddeH EL (1854); Lincoln Room (O). (4) In 10-a. Pub. Sq.: Moses Cleave-
land Statue (1887.G.C.Hamilton), Tom L. Johnson Statue (1915.H.N.Matzen). (5)
Terminal Tower Group, adj. Pub. Sq., The Tower Bldg. (1930), modern structure
with turreted tower (O.sm.fee), is $119,000,000 mon. to the Van Sweringens. (6)
(W) of Pub. Sq., Cleveland College, downtown center of Western Reserve Univ.
(see below), housed in Newton D. Baker Mem. Bldg. (7) Lakeside Mall, civic center
planned with aid of the late Dan. Burnham, J. M. Carrere & other architects. Incl.
are 4 bldgs. by Walker & Weeks: Pub. Lib. (1925.Fr.Ren.), Fed. Reserve Bank
(1922JtaLRen.), Board of Education Bldg. (Fr.& ItaLRen.) & Stadium (1931).
Others in group are Fed. Bldg. (1910) & Cuyahoga County Cth. (Fr.Ren.by A.W.
Brunner); Auditorium (1922.Ital.Ren.by Betz & MacDowell) & City Hall (1916.
Ren.by JLMDyer). (8) Ore Dock, with Hulitt type unloading machines. (9) Euclid
Ave. & E, 22nd St., Trinity Cathedral (Episc.l907.Perpendicular Goth.by C.F.
Schwemfurth); congregation est in 1816. (10) 2712 Euclid Ave., Mus. of Nat. Hist
(O), housed in Leonard Hanna Mansion (Gr.Rev.). (11) 6709 Euclid Ave., Dunham
Tavern (sm.fee). (12) 2040 E. 86th St., Play House (Romanes.by C.L.Small), home
of 2 experimental theaters. (13) 10915 East Blvd., Western Reserve Hist Mus. (O.
free); records of Conn. Land Co. (14) East Blvd. <& Fairmount Rd., Baldwin Res-
ervoir (1925), one of largest covered reservoirs in world (136,000,000 gals.).
(15) Euclid Ave. (E) of E. 107th St. is elm-shaded Univ. Circle, with Hanna Statue
(1907.by Saint-Gaudens) & Louis Kossuth Statue (by And.Toth). (16) Case Institute
of Technology, founded by Leonard Case, Jr., 1877. Mus. of Geology (O.appl.).
On Taylor Rd., (E) 4 m from campus, is Warner-Swasey Observ. (1919). (17) Western
Reserve Univ^ founded in 1826 & moved to Cleveland in 1882. Besides Cleveland
College, downtown, Univ. incl. undergraduate Flora Stone Mather (women) &
TRIPS OUT OF CLEVELAND 471
Adelbert (men) colleges, a graduate & 8 professional schools. Amasa Stone Chape!
(Eng.Goth.) of Adelbert College, comm. philanthropist. (18) Univ. Hospitals, on
Adelbert Rd. (19) Euclid Ave. & East Blvd., Severance Hall (1930.Fr.& Eng.Ren.
by Walker & Weeks), home of Symphony Orchestra. (20) In 75-a. Wade Pk., white
marble Mus. of Art (1916.Gr.Ionic.by Hubbell & Benes). Rodin's "Man of Age of
Bronze" in rotunda. Colls, of Medieval & Byzantine, early Ital. & later European
art, incl. "Portrait of Isabella Brandt" by Rubens. (21) Rockefeller Pk., 29 Cultural
Gardens of nationality groups, dedicated to internal peace. Eng. Garden is modeled
after Shakespeare Garden; in Hebrew Garden are cedars of Lebanon; while Ital.
Garden is patterned formally around Ren. fountain & German Garden has Unter-
berg Marble Fountain from Salzburg. (22) 12316 Euclid Ave., in Lake View Ceme-
tery, Garfield Mon. (1890.by Geo.Keller), tomb of Pres. Jas. A. Garfield. Also
Rockefeller Monolith.
TRIPS OUT OF CLEVELAND.
I. US20 (E) to PAINESVILLE. 30.5.
Via: E. Cleveland, Euclid, Willoughby, Mentor, (Kirtland). Lake Shore Blvd. (St.283)
is pleasant alternate route.
US20, Iroquois warpath against the Erie, follows Euclid Ave., street of the "robber
barons," past Case-Western Reserve campus & Rockefeller's former estate. 8.5. On
outskirts of E. Cleveland, 3rd largest suburb, is Nela Pk., research lab. of Gen.
Electric. Lighting Institute Bldg. (usually O.). At 21320 Euclid Ave. is Slirine of Our
Lady of Lourdes (O.outdoor serv.May-Dec.). 13.5. EUCLID (sett 1798), suburb with
lakeside residential sec. 24. MENTOR (see). At 1059 Mentor Ave., Garfield BL (O).
SIDE TRIP: On St.306 (S) 3.5m to Kirfland. On Ap. 6, 1830, Jos. Smith org. Ch. of Jesus
Christ of Latter Day Saints. He set out for Mo, but stopped instead at Mentor & gained
many converts, among them Brigham Young, who became leader when Smith was killed
in Nauvoo (see 111.). Local attacks on Mormon doctrine & financial difficulties brought
an end to Kirtland. Kirtiand Temple (O), massive stone structure built by the Mormons,
incl. Young, each man giving a day a wk.
30.5 PAINESVILLE (see), overlooking Grand R.; seat of L. Erie College, noted also
for elegant early houses. At 106 E. Washington St. is Gillette BL, marked by cor-
belled chimneys above balustraded roof. 792 Mentor Ave., Rider Tavern (O.I 8 18).
Lake Erie College (women), with 50-a. wooded campus, was opened at Willoughby
in 1847, with faculty chosen by Mt Holyoke's Mary Lyon.
H. US20 (S) to OBERLIN. 37.5. Via: Lakewood, Rocky River, Elyria.
US20 dips (S) through wealthy suburbs to the Firelands, distinguished by villages
that might be in Conn. 5. LAKELAND, Cleveland's largest suburb, mainly residen-
tial. 8.5. ROCKY RIVER, on plateau along Black R. 28. ELYRIA (1817). In Black
R. Gorge, Cascade Pk. (pic.). East Ave. & 2nd St., Octagonal H., popular style in
early 1800's. E. River & Broad Sts., Gates Mem. Hospital, known for work with
crippled children. 37.5. OBERLIN, founded simultaneously with its famous college
in 1833 by Rev. John J. Shipherd & Philo P. Stewart as colony pledged to "plainest
living & highest thinking." One of Ohio's richest schools, Oberlin College keeps
its democratic tradition, 1st coed, college in U.S. & 1st to admit Negroes* active in
abolitionist movement Incl. Conservatory of Music & Grad. School of Theology
(non-sectarian). At 64 E. College St., Hall H., where C. M. Hall worked on process
that revolutionized aluminum industry. The Halls bequeathed to Oberlin $15,000,-
000 ($23,000,000 endowment by 1948). Allen Mem. Hospital (1925) & Allen Art
Mem. Bldg. honor Dr. Dudley P. Allen & son. Theological Quadrangle (1931), gift
of J. D. Rockefeller, Jr. & Mrs. D. W. James. J. with St.58, hy. (N) to Lorain (see).
SIDE TRIP: (S) 9m on St.58 is Wellington, typical Firelands town. In 1858, fugitive slave
was taken from U.S. marshal by party of townspeople & students, & resultant Oberlin-
Wellington Rescue Case excited the nation. The rescue party, defended by Salmon P.
Chase & other notable lawyers, was finally freed. At 9.5m. is Greenwood Cemetery, burial
place of A M. Wfflard, painter of "Spirit of 76" & of Otis Pratt (1845-1921), whose "Land-
scape Discovery" decayed with him, according to his epitaph, "for want of Free Schools
or Art supported by our Gov."
HI. US422 (SE) to YOUNGSTOWN. 67.
Via: Cleveland Heights, Univ. Heights, Shaker Heights, Chagrin Falls, (Taborville),
Warren, (Niles), Girard.
After crossing some suburbs, US422 becomes direct route to steel empire & coal
country, CLEVELAND HEIGHTS is composed of several communities. In UNIV.
472 TRIPS OUT OF CLEVELAND
HEIGHTS just N. of hy. is John Carroll Univ. (Jesuit), founded in 1886. In 1935,
Univ. moved into new bldgs. (ColLGoth.) on 50-a. campus. 9. SHAKER HEIGHTS,
restricted suburb developed by Van Sweringens on site of 19th cent, community
of celibate Shakers. 18. Chagrin Falls & winding Chagrin R. are said to carry name
given by Moses Cleaveland when he found his party was not following the Cuyahoga
R. At 25. J. with Rd. to Taborvffle (S.c.4), a village of Czechoslovak families
founded c.1925.
SIDE TRIP: (S) 5m on St.700 is Hiram College (coed.), in pastoral setting; founded in 1850
by Disciples of Christ. Pres. Garfield was valedictorian in 1853.
At 38. on US422 is J. with St.282, which leads (S) 2 to Nelson Ledges St Pk. (pic.
camp.facils.). 52.5. WARREN, important steel city. Settled by Conn. Land Co. in
1798, it remained a small quiet city & maker of lamps for America until 1910. After
cst of Trumbull Steel Co. (1914), more than 17,000 persons of foreign birth or
descent were drawn to Warren's labor market. 57.5 J. with St.46.
SIDE TRIP: (S) 2m on St.46 to McKinley BirthpL Mem. (O.1917.mod.Doric), at Niles,
another steel city. In Court of Honor is Statue of McKinley.
62. GIRARD, sett, in 1800 & named for Phila. philanthropist, is part of steel &
iron area.
67. YOUNGSTOWN
Through RR., bus & airline conns. Good accoms. & recr. facfls. Theaters incl. The
Playhouse. Annual Art Show & folk festivals. Info.: Auto Club at Ohio Hotel.
Youngstown (sett. 1798) is center of steel domain extending through Shenango &
Mahoning valleys & producing a sixth of nation's pig iron & an eighth of its steel.
Bet. the Pub. Sq. & downtown sec. & Mahoning R. are RR. tracks & industrial
plants. More exclusive residential sec. is (SW) along Mill Or., withdrawn among the
hills. Youngstown is a milltown, geared to production of steel, though the more un-
sightly scars have been cleared away. Pop. is largely working people, more than 50
per cent of foreign birth or descent An iron smelter was set up by James & Dan.
Heaton in 1802 in Yellow Creek (now Struthers), & 1st coal mine was opened in the
valley in 1826. After Pa.-Ohio Canal was constructed, Youngstown became Ma-
honing Cty.'s seat & center of trade. In 1892, Union Iron & Steel Co. came to
Mahoning R. & modern industry began in earnest, filling the town with mills &
furnaces. In 1937, Youngstown was scene of one of "little steel" strikes. PTS. OF
INT.: (1) In Pub. Sq., Soldiers MOIL (1870), granite shaft (470. (2) Below Pub. Sq.,
Mahoning County Cth. (Ital.Ren.by Chas.Owsley); murals by E. H. Blashfield.
(3) At 524 Wick Ave., Butler Art Institute (Ital.Ren.1919.by McKim,Meade & White).
(4) At Mahoning Ave. Bridge, Mill Cr. Pk. (pic.); 1,400 as. of natural beauty (boat.).
Lanterman Mill (1845-46), on site of 1st gristmill, has Nat. Hist Mus. (O). Pioneer
Pavilion (1821). (5) Cor. 5th & Park Aves., Stambaugh Auditorium (1925.by Helmle
& Corbett). (6) At Market St. Bridge, United Engineering Co. (O.appL). (7) Republic
Steel Co. (N.O.). (8) Center St Bridge, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. (O.appL).
(9) 410 Wick Ave., Youngstown College, coed., lib. arts, accredited; began as
Y.M.C.A.'s Youngstown Assoc. School in 1888. Around Main Bldg. (1931.Tudor)
are Dana Sch. of Music, Sch. of Business & Wm. Rayen Sen. of Engineering.
IV. S114 (SE) to RAVENNA. 46.
Via: Garfield Heights, Bedford, Twinsburg, Streetsboro, (Kent). Crosses densely popu-
lated area to J. with Pa. St.51 route to Pittsburgh.
GARFIELD HEIGHTS, 8.5., MAPLE HEIGHTS & BEDFORD, 12., merge into
each other. In STREETSBORO, 26., is Singletary H. (1828), once a tavern. 29. L.
ROCKWELL (no 1), Akron's 800-a. reservoir. 46. RAVENNA (sett!799), is small
mfg. city on watershed bet Cuyahoga & Mahoning Rs., near Akron's L. dist. J. with
St.5.
SIDE TRIP: (W) 5** on St.5 is Kent, on Cuyahoga R. at edge of Akron. Walcott Lflac
Gardens (O). Kent St. Univ. (coed.) began as normal sch. & became univ. in 1935; incl.
graduate sch. & colleges of lib. arts, education & business administration.
V. US21 (S) to MASSILLON. 55.
Via: Cuyahoga Heights, Independence, Brecksville, Richfield, Copley, Barberton, Canal
Fulton, Crystal Spring. St.8 is more leisurely route & passes Cuyahoga Falls.
US21 takes direct route across level country by-passing Akron & winding with Tus-
carawas R. At 14. BRECKSVILLE, pleasant town spreading for miles around the
COLUMBUS, OHIO 473
Green. Congr. Clu (1844). At J. with St.82 is Brecksville Inn (O). 16. FURNACE
RUN RESERV. (pic.recr.facils.); 400 as. of virgin for. 20. RICHFIELD CEME-
TERY, where are buried children of John Brown, who lived in RICHFIELD, 20.5.,
before beginning struggle to free Amer. slaves. 37.5. MONTROSE, J. with St. 18.
SIDE TRIP: (SE) 8m in St.18 to center of Akron (see), passing Univ. of Akron campus,
Barberton, adj. Akron, is home of Diamond Match Co. (org.1889) & was planned as model
industrial town by Ohio Columbus Barber. On O. C. Barber's 3,000-a. farm, blooded stock
lived in luxurious stables, & the farmhouse, with marble halls, was furnished with elegance.
At 2nd St. & Robinson Ave., Diamond Match Co. Norton Ave. & Wooster Rd., Chief
HopocaM Statue, comm. Ind. leader who tried for 20 yrs. to bring peace, then started cam-
paign of terror that lasted from 1775 until Greenville Treaty, 1795.
52.5. CRYSTAL SPRINGS. Treaty of Ft. Mclntosh Boulder marks E. border of
country granted to Shawnee, 1785. 55. MASSELLON (see), coal-shipping & steel
center. J. with US30 (see).
VI. US42 (SW) to LAFAYETTE. 35.
Via: Berea, Parma Heights, Middleburgh Heights, Brunswick, Medina.
14. Here Bagley Rd. runs (W) into Berea, a city of quarries, furnishing building
stones & grindstones since its settlement (1827). Streets meander through town to
triangular green & campus of Baldwin-Wallace College. Modem dormitories &
observatory stand among ivy-colored sandstone halls. College was gift of John Bald-
win (1845), 1st settler, to N. Ohio Meth. Conference. Kulas Musical Arts Bidg.
houses excellent Conservatory. 29.5. MEDINA. 35. LAFAYETTE. CMppewa L. Pk.
(accoms.bath.recr.facils.).
COLUMBUS
COLUMBUS
E. High St., Union RR. Sta. E. Town St. bet. High & 3rd Sts., Union Bus Sta. Airport,
(E) at Port Columbus. Excellent accoms. & recr. facils. Theaters (stage & screen);
concerts; plays, lectures at univs. & colleges. Info.: 30 E. Broad St., C. of C. Farmers*
Wk. (Feb.); St Fair (Aug.-Sept); Ohio Watercolor Show.
Capital & 3rd largest city, Columbus is important educational, industrial & com-
mercial, as well as political center & convention city. Spreads over 40 sq. miles in
fertile valley of Scioto & Olentangy Rs. The beautiful Civic Center rises on great
bend of the Scioto & illuminated tip of Leveque-Lincoln Tower can be seen miles
away. Outstanding institutions are Ohio State, Franklin & Capital Univs., St Mary
of the Springs & St. Charles Barromeo colleges; Gallery of Fine Arts, Philharmonic
Symphony & Battelle Mem. Institute.
In 1812, the Legislature decided to build a statehouse & penitentiary "on the high
bank east of the Scioto R. directly opp. town of Franklinton." As site for a perma-
nent capital, a syndicate had offered a chunk of wilderness in which it would raise
a capitoL Franklinton had put in a bid, but the syndicate won, & town was named
for the great navigator, on Feb. 22, 1813. Mills, breweries & other industries began
to flourish, but the settlement was endangered by cholera & fever until swamps were
cleared. A feeder to Ohio & Erie Canal (1831) & the Nat Rd. (1833) soon made the
capital a busy shipping & trans, center. By 1900, industry was well advanced, &
Columbus, founded on U.S. Military Lands, had become what it still is, a military
concentration pt Civic Center was built along the riverbank following destructive
flood of 1913. Pop. is more than 96 per cent native-born, of whom some 11 per cent
are Negro. Hanford & Urbancrest (S.4 m ) are attractive Negro suburbs.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) St Capitol (1839-61), built by convict & private labor, is splendid
example of Doric style, its massive simplicity adorned by fine colonnades. McKinley
Mem. (1906.by H.A.McNeil). "These Are My Jewels" Mon. (1893. by Levi T.Sco-
field), with bronze figures of Presidents Grant, Garfield & Hayes, Gens. Sherman &
Sheridan, Salmon P. Chase & Edwin M. Stanton. (2) Civic Center Group, on Scioto
R. City Hall (1 928-3 6.Class.) covers central block. Leveque-Lincoln Tower (1927.
by C. Howard Crane). Dept of St Bldg. (1933.mod.Class.). (3) W. Spring St, St
Penitentiary (origoinits in 1830's); overcrowded & antiquated. In fire of 1930, more
than 300 lives were lost. (4) Cleveland Ave. & Buckingham St., Ft Hayes (O), hqs.
of 5th Service Command, U.S. Army; military post since 1863. (Columbus Gen.
Depot of U.S. Army, on James Rd.). (5) 280 E. Broad St., Franklin Cty, Mem. Hall
(1904.by RL.Packard), civic auditorium. (6) Grant Ave. & State St, Pub. Lib. (1906.
Fr. Ren. by A.R.Ross). (7) 480 E. Broad St, Gallery of Fine Arts (ItaLRen. 193 !.!>**
474 TRIPS OUT OF COLUMBUS
Richards, McCarty & Bulford); frieze by Rbt Aitkin. Exhibits incl. Howald Coll, of
mod. Fr. paintings, Schumacher ColL, work of Geo. Bellows, Columbus artist, &
fine Glass ColL (8) Sullivant Ave., bet. Powell Ave. & Binns Blvd., Camp Chase
Confed. Cemetery (1879). (9) 505 King Ave., Battelle Mem. Institute (1929-37),
nonprofit research lab. founded by Mrs. A. N. Battelle & son. (10) Ohio St Univ.,
one of country's largest Its 1,400 as. incl. main campus, Olentangy playgrounds &
Univ. farms. Est in 1873 as Ohio Agric. & Mech. College, the univ. now grants
degrees from 10 colleges, grad. & special schools. Orton Hall (1893. Richardson
Romanes.by F.L.Packard). Univ. Hall, oldest bldg. Pomerene Hall (Tudor), women's
social center. Univ. Lib. (1912.Fr.Ren.by Allen & Collins); Lib. & Mus, of State
Arch. & Hist Soc. (O.1913.1936), valuable exhibits of moundbuilder relics &
reprods.; "Coonskin Lib." (see Marietta). (1 1) Sunbury Rd., St Mary of the Springs,
women's academy & college, est. in Somerset, 1830, by Sisters of Dominican Order
(Cath.); wooded campus in residential area. St Albert Hall houses Institutum Divi
Thomae Research Unit (see Cincinnati). (12) In Bexley, Capital Univ. (Luth.), coed,
lib. arts college founded in Canton, 1830. Especially pleasing are Schenk Divinity
Hall & Mees Hall (music), in Tudor Goth. & Science Bldg. (1947-48). (13) 6 m (N)
on Riverside Dr. (US33), Griggs Dam (1908) & Riverside Pk. (f.boatpic.) & (14)
O'Shaughnessy Dam (1925), one of beauty spots of central Ohio (boatf.). Just be-
yond is Mim. loo. (15) From E. Broad St. (N) on James Rd, Fort Columbus Airport
& dints-Wright Corp. Plant (O.appL).
TRIPS OUT OF COLUMBUS
I. (E) on US40 & (N) on Stl3 to NEWARK. 38.
Via: Bexley, Reynoldsburg, Kirkersville, Hebron, Jacksontown. (St.16 is direct alternate
route.)
3.5. BEXLEY. US40 follows route over which stagecoach drivers piloted their
"mountain ships." Sunken milestones & weathered stone taverns are occasional
reminders. 17. ETNA, near Licking Cr. where Johnny Appleseed made his 1st plant-
ing (W) of Ohio R. For 40 yrs., he roamed the wilderness, distributing Swedenbor-
gian literature & handfuls of appleseeds. Thinly dressed & barefoot, carrying his
deerskin pack in all weathers, Johnny Appleseed became the "Saint of the North-
west Territory." In 1840's, the planter of orchards at last ". . . laid him down
sweetly & slept through the night . . . there by the doors of old Ft Wayne . . ."
(Vachel Lindsay). Beyond KIRKERSVILLE, 25., is J. with St.37.
SIDE TRIP: (N) 8m on St.37 to Granville, college town resembling Mass, town for which
it was named in 1806. Granville Literary & Theological Institute (founded 1831 by Bapt
Ch.but chartered as nonsectarian) became Denison Univ. in 1856; ranking coed, school. At
313 E. Broadway is Buxton Tavern (1812); hotel, restaurant
27. HEBRON. J. with St79, alternate route along Licking R. to Newark. 31. JACK-
SONTOWN. Trip turns (N) here on St. 13, passing Dawes Arboretum (O). 38.
NEWARK, in valley bet. forks of river. Licking Cty. was center of great community
of moundbuilders, & in Newark are celebrated Hopewell Mounds. Newark is home
of many skilled artisans required by glass works & other precision-type industries.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) Near Cth. Sq., Bank Bldg. by Louis Sullivan. (2) Newark Stove
Co., one of world's largest makers of stoves. (3) Pharis Hre & Rubber Co. (4) A. EL
Heisey Co., known for cut-glass. (5) Holophane Co., makers of fine glassware (above
plants O.appL). (6) Octagon St Mem., enclosing most elaborate of Hopewell earth-
works. Octagon Mound (50 as.) is conn, with Circle Mound (20 as.) by parallel
mounds 300' long & 60' apart. A small circular mound (SE) with elevation (view of
whole area) was possibly seat of tribal dignitaries. Archaeologists believe this mound
system covered 2 sq. miles with avenues leading to other mounds & to (7) Mound
Builders St Mem. (facils.). In center of Great Circle, 12' high & 1,200' in diam. is
Eagle Mound, one of Ohio's few effigy mounds.
n. (SE) on US33 to LANCASTER. 30.
US33 unites with US40 to Bexley, then swings (S) to Canal Winchester, rural center.
Rd. leads (S) c.3 m to Litfaopolis, village of 300 pop. which received (1946) bequest
of $2,500,000 from Mabel Wagnalls Jones, composer & writer, daughter of A. A,
Wagnalls, publisher, who was born in Lithopolis. In Wagnalls Mem. are rare books,
art coll., auditorium. Endowment provides for scholarships. 30. LANCASTER,
birthpl. of Gen. Win. T. Sherman. At 162 E. Main St., Mumaugh Mem. (O.c.1817.
GrJElevO, somewhat similar to Taft H. in Cincinnati (see); period furnishings. 163
US 20 INDIANA 475
E. Main St., Ewing EL (early 1800's), home of Thos. Ewing, U.S. Secy, of Treas. &
adoptive father of Gen." Sherman. (3) 137 E. Main St., BlrihpL of Gen. Sherman
(1811). (4) Broad & Wheeling Sts., Reeves HL (1833.Georg.). (5) Anchor-Hocking
Glass Co. Plant (O.appl.).
HI. (S) on US23 to CMCLEVJLLE. 26. Via: Shadeville & S. Bloomfield.
US23 runs along E. side of Scioto R. (St. 104 parallels route on W. side), following
willow-fringed embankment & old towpaths. At 13. the old O. & E. Canal bed is
close to Rd. 26. CMCLEVELLE, built in early 1800's on circular plan within re-
mains of octagonal moundbuilders' fort. The 1st cth. was octagonal, but burned in
1841 & townspeople replotted their city. Fob. Lib.; hi Mem. Hall is reprod. of Circle-
vine Ft. Pumpkin Show (Oct.). At J. with US22 & St.56.
SIDE TRIP: (SE) 8m on St.56 to Leistvffle. J. with St.159. (NE) 4m on St.159 to Tarlton
Cross Mound St. Mem. (pic.facils.), famous cross-shaped earthwork. At 28m is vantage pt
to view Pickaway Plains, an "opening" in wilderness where the Shawnee lived for half
century. Here was Cornstalk Town, named for chieftain who led Inds. in Lord Dunsmore's
War.
IV. (W) on US40 to LAFAYETTE. 22.
Beyond W. suburbs, US40 runs past pleasant towns, some of whose houses & tav-
erns were built when Nat. Rd. was new. 22 LAFAYETTE. Still a favored inn. is
Red Brick Tavern (O.I 837).
V. (N) on US23 to MARION. 44. Via: Worthington & Delaware.
US23 follows N. High St., past State Univ. 11. WORTfflNGTON (1803), whose
village green & churches reflect New England origin. St John's Ch. (Episc.1831.
tower rest). Opp. is Presb. Ch. (1816.remod.), where Rev. Thos. Woodrow, grand-
father of Pres. Wilson, was pastor. At 778 High St, Griswold EL (1811). 13. Copper-
domed tower of PONTIFICAL COLLEGE JOSEPHMUM (O.appl.) overlooks
100-a. grounds along Olentangy R. The bldgs. (1931.Fr.Ren.) house seminary under
papal jurisdiction. At 18. Rd. leads (W) 2^ to Olentangy Caverns (O.sm-fee). 20.
PERKINS OBSERV. (O) of Ohio Wesleyan Univ. 24. DELAWARE (1806), trading
center for farming & livestock area, seat of Ohio Wesleyan Univ. Mingo & Delaware
Inds. had villages here near sulphur springs. Delaware County Cth. (1936.Georg.).
E. William St. bet. Sandusky & Union Sts., Mon. on Site of Pres. Hayes' BirthpL
On rolling land along R. is Ohio Wesleyan Univ., campus. Est. in 1841 by Meth.
Episc. Ch. Elliot Hall (1835), formerly Mansion H., became 1st univ. bldg. 43.
HARDING MEM. (O). 44. MARION, home of Pres. Harding (see US30).
VL ST.3, US36 & ST.229 to GAMBIER (Kenyon Univ.). 52. Via: Westerville &
Mount Vernon. St.3 (Cleveland Ave.) leads (N) from Broad St 13. WESTERVILLE,
originally a Quaker town, home of Anti-Saloon League (1909) & seat of Otterbeia
College (coed.,lib.arts,accredited), founded & supported by United Brethren. 22. At
SUNBURY route turns (NE) on US36. 47. MOUNT VERNON, distinguished for
fine trees & Class. Rev. & Georg. houses. Leading products are cellophane, engines &
bridge spans. Birthpl. of Daniel Decatur Emmett, author of "Dixie" & "Old Dan
Tucker." Knox County Ctfa. (Class.Rev.). Curtis-Devin H. (1 824-3 6.Class.Rev.). J.
with St229, which leads (E) 5 m to Gambler, home of Kenyon Coll. This men's school,
est. in 1824 by Prot. Episc. church, carries on Eng. school tradition. Students live in
college pk., a wooded tract high above Kokosing R. President Hayes, S. P. Chase &
E. M. Stanton were Kenyon men. Assoc. with college is Bexley Divinity School.
US 20 INDIANA
IND.-OHIO LINE (W) to IND.-ILL. LINE (Chicago limits). 152* US20
Via: Angola, La Grange, (Elkhart), South Bend, New Carlisle, Rolling Prairie, Michigan
City, Gary, Hammond, E. Chicago, Whiting.
US20 takes straight path (W) avoiding large centers. From gently rolling NE. sec.,
with many streams (f.) & Ls., it crosses farmland & mint-growing mucklands of
St Joseph Cty. At end of route, hy. by-passes Michigan City & threads way
through highly industrialized Calumet (see).
10. ANGOLA, resort center. Tri-State College offers 2-yr. courses in engineering,
commerce & music; high school graduation not required. In vie. are several large
Ls. (resort & recr.facils.excellent f .bam.boat), incl. James L., L. George, & Crooked,
Golden, Clear & Hamilton Ls. J. with US27 (see).
476 US 20 INDIANA
SIDE TRIP: (N) 5 on US27 to Pokagon St Pk. (sm.fee,f.boatbath. winter sports), popular
resort area bordering L. James & Snow L. Potawatomi Inn (O.yr.around). Buffalo, elk &
deer are corraled. Simon Pokagon, last Potawatomi chief, wrote "Queen or the Woods &
other tales about So. Bend reg. where he was born.
26. J. with St3
SIDE TRIP: On St.3 (S) 9m to Kendaflvffle, shipping pt for onions, celery & other track
crops of Noble Cry. Known for its fishing waters.
32. LA GRANGE, named by founders (1836) for Lafayette's country estate; trade
center for dairy farmers. J. with St.9.
SEDE TRIPS: (A) On St.9 (S) llm to Rome City, on Sylvan L., former home of Gene Strat-
ton Porter. On site of canal-diggers* camp &, according to legend, named by the Irish who
fought for better quarters & were told the proverb about "living as the Romans do." There-
after, their huddle of shacks became "Rome." Gene Strattou Porter St. Mem. (see also Pt.
Wayne Trip II), cabin (O) in Wildflower Woods where Mrs. Porter lived from 1914 unta
1923, just before her removal to Cal. & her accidental death.
(B) On St.9 (N) 5.5m to Howe. At edge of village is Howe School (mil.), est. in 1884; bldgs.
in Eng. Coll. style.
41.5. J. with St.5, which leads (N) 2 m to Shipsfaewana, Amish trading center, United
Brethren Camp, on L. Shipshewana. Chief Shipshewana Mem. comm. Ind. who
returned from Kansas to die beside crescent-shaped for. L. US20 crosses range of
bills of glacial origin & sweeps down into St Joseph R. valley.
63. ELKHART (sett 1832)
Through RR. & bus conns. Good accoms. & recr. facils.
Elkhart, famous for band instrument factories, was named by Inds. for heart-shaped
island at meeting of St. Joseph & Elkhart Rs., where several trls. converged. City was
chosen by Mich. Southern Ry. for its shops in 1850. Elkhart, though highly indus-
trial, is attractive town with 10 bridges & several fine pks. At 1000 E. Beardsley Ave.,
C. G. Conn Band Instrument Co. (O), est. in 1875 by Capt. C. G. Conn, Civil War
veteran & cornetist 117 Franklin St., Miles Labs. (O), est. in 1884 by Dr. Franklin
Miles; best-known product is Alka-Seltzer. 518 W. Franklin St., Ambrose Bierce H.
(remod.), where writer lived early part of life (born near Pomeroy, O.) & to which
he returned to write "What I Saw of Shiloh." J. with US33.
SIDE TRIP: US33 (SE) llm to Mennonite town of Goshen, seat of Goshen College. Elk-
hart Cty. was largely settled (1841-43) by Amish & the less rigidly disciplined Mennonites.
The black-bonneted Amish women & the men in broad-brimmed black hats are among
world's best farmers. Goshen College, one of few Mennonite colleges in U.S., founded in
1894; courses in theology, liberal arts & teacher training.
74. N. border of MISHAWAKA (on US33), fair-sized town on St. Joseph R. U.S.
Rubber Co.'s Woolen & Rubber Mfg. plant & several large heavy-machinery, steel
& meat-packing plants. Gun Club Preserve (trap-shooting.camp.facils.). In SW. sec.
are neat gardens & homes of some 6,000 Belgians who carae here after World War I.
78. SOUTH BEND (sett 1820)
Main line RR. conns. St. Joseph Cty. Airport, served by 3 major lines. Good accoms.;
also in near-by Mich. & Ind. resorts. Musical, athletic & other events at Univ. & college.
Polish, Hungarian & other festivals. Info.: Assoc. of Com., Main St. & Washington Ave.
South Bend, named for wide loop of St Joseph R., which crosses town, is seat of
Notre Dame Univ. & industrial & trade center for large area in Mich. & Ind. Stude-
baker, Bendix, Singer, Oliver Co. & other major plants are worldwide distributors.
City has virtually no slums & is well-equipped with pks. & playgrounds, schools &
other cultural facils. In 1675 Pere Marquette preached to the Inds. near site & La
Salle met here in 1681 with chiefs of Miami & Illinois. Pierre Navarre est. Amer.
Fur Co. post in 1820, & Notre Dame was founded 22 yrs. later. Along N. Shore Dr.
& other shady sts. are mansions of that early period. PTS. OF INT.: (1) In Leeper
Pk., Pierre Navarre Cabin (1821). (2) 112 S. Lafayette Blvd., Old Cthu (1855), hous-
ing N. Ind. Hist Soc. Mus. (O). (3) Bet US20 & M.C, RR., Bendix Products Division
(O.guides), a city in itself. (4) Prairie Ave. (S) of M.C. RR., Studebaker Corp. (0.
guides); Clement & Henry Studebaker began, in 1852, with wagon-making shop.
Mus. of Trans. (O.Mon.-Fri.). (5) Portage Ave., in Highland Cemetery, Grave of
Knute Rockne. Here also is Council Oak, under which La Salle met with Inds. (6)
In SW. sec., St Mary's College (women), on large campus; founded by Cath. order
in 1855. Loretto Cfaapel. (7) In NE. sec., Univ. of Notre Dame (tours), on one of
world's largest campuses, with golden-domed A din. BIdg. (1879.neo-Goth.) in cen-
US 30 INDIANA 477
ten One of most important Cath. schools for men, founded in 1842; hqs. of Order
of the Holy Cross. Widely known because of Knute Rockne, who came here in 1910.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) Rockne Stadium. (2) Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Ch. (Goth.);
17th cent baroque altar, windows by Fr. Carmelite nuns, & Oregon murals. (3)
Badin Log Chapel, replica of one built in 1830 for Father Stephen Badin, 1st priest
ordained in U.S. (4) Wightman Mem. Art Gallery, in Univ.; large art coll.; S. Amer.
Lib. & Dante Coll. J. with US31 (see).
91.5. NEW CARLISLE, a leading market town. Studebaker Proving Grounds (O.
appl.) in vie. 108.5. US20 unites with US35 & passes SE. tip of MICHIGAN CITY
(cloverleaf crossing), 112., largest resort center in Ind. (through RR. & bus conns,
good accoms.& recr.facils.mun.airport). Town, founded in 1832, was once a great
lakepprt, & harbor is one of oldest on Ls. PTS. OF INT.: (1) End of Franklin St,
Washington Pk. (amusements.recr.facils.pic.bathh.); "Singing Sand Beach"; Zoo;
Observ. Tower. Mich. City Harbor; Yacht Basin & Club. (2) Old Ligfath. (1856).
(3) On US12 (E) 1.5 m Internal Friendship Gardens (O.after May 9) representing 60
nations, moved into valley of Trail Cr. from Century of Progress Exposition. Music
Festival & "Gay Nineties Celebration" at Gardens Theaters.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) US12 (W) is route through dunelands. 5m Beverly Shores. 10** J. with
St.49 which leads (N) to Indiana Dunes St Pk. (hotel.cottages.pic.camp.store); 2,200 as. of
woodlands & dunes, some covered with trees & flowers, others bare & desolate, shifting
with the wind. At Big Blowout, bowl-shaped cut in line of dunes, is "graveyard," where
dead trees stick up through sea of sand. Ogden Dunes (f.boat.bath.skiing).
(B) US35 (SE) 12m to La Porte. 10m Pine L. (f.boat.), 1st of 7 Ls. in & around La Porte,
busy resort & mfg. center, (through RR. & bus conns. & airport, accoms.). For the Fr. it
was "the door" to for. & prairie. Among large plants are Allis-Chalmers & various woolen
mills & garment factories. Fox Mem. Pk, on Clear L. In Cth. is La Porte Cty. Hist. Soc.
(O.Tues.). Fish Hatcheiy.
120. FURNESSVBLLE, where Fnrness EL (1856) is still occupied by members of
pioneer family. US20 unites with US12 across lakeside edge of Calumet (see). 152.
IND.-ELL. LINE (SE. of Chicago).
US 30 INDIANA
IND.-OHIO LINE (15 m from Van Wert, O.) (NW) to IND.-ILL. LINE (7 from
Chicago Hts.). 1545. US30
Via: New Haven, Fort Wayne, Columbia City, Warsaw, Bourbon, Plymouth, Val-
paraiso, Dyer. Pa. RR. parallels route. Accoms.: All types. Resorts & recr. areas easily
accessible. US6 is alternate route, avoiding larger centers.
US30 is diagonal path from one industrial area to another across what was once
open prairie, now covered with large, fertile farms. It was the kingdom of Little
Turtle, chief of Miami Confederacy, who defeated Gen. Harmar at Post Miami
(now Ft. Wayne) & was himself defeated at Battle of Fallen Timbers (see).
8. BESANCON. The white Ch. (Cath.) & trim cemetery are souvenirs of Fr.
attempts to settle st's E. border. 20. FORT WAYNE (see). J. with US24 (see), US27
(see), & US33 (see). 41. COLUMBIA CITY, birthpl. of Lloyd Douglas, minister &
religious novelist; & of Ralph F. Gates, "grass-roots Gov."; home for many yrs. of
Vice Pres. Thos. R. Marshall. 54. J. with Stl3.
SIDE TRIP: On St.13 (N) 14m to Syracuse, resort center on L. Wawasee, largest in Ind.
Wawasee Fish Hatchery.
62. WARSAW, seat of Kosciusko Cty., sprinkled with Ls., incl. Winona (S), & Tippe-
canoe (N), source of Tippecanoe R., which US30 crosses just beyond town. 88.
PLYMOUTH, shipping center. Centennial Pk. (camp.). 105. HAMLET (tourist
accoms.). J. with US35, route (N) to Michigan City (see).
SIDE TRIP: On US35 (S) to Tippecanoe R. St Pk. 5m J. with St.8, leading (W) a few
miles to Kankakee Game Preserve (pic.) on Kankakee R., link in Gt. Ls.-Miss. R. route in
early days. La Salle portaged from St. Joseph R. to the Kankakee, 1879, & then downriver
to the Illinois. Surrounding country was vast glacial bog, the Kankakee Swamp, of which
more than 2,300 as. have been acquired by St.; noted for quail, pheasant & sm. game. 12m
Bass L. (camp.trlrs.cottages.hotel); large St. Fish Hatchery (O) on NE, shore. Bass L. Beach
St Pk. (sm.fee.f.camp.pic.bath.restaurant). 17m Tippecanoe R. St Pk. (smJfee.pic.group
camp), 6,340 as. turned over to state by Nat. Pk. Serv. in 1943.
110. US30 crosses Kankakee R. 121. WANATAH. J. with St43.
478 US 24 INDIANA
SIDE TRIP: On St.43 (S) 8m to lacrosse. J. with St8, which passes (W) Pliiney-Piirdue
Experimental Farm. 19 on St.43, Jasper-Pnlaski St Game Preserve (pic.), nearly 5,000 as.
of marsh where quail, pheasant, raccoon, fish & waterfowl are propagated.
US30 crosses highest ridge of glacial moraine in N. Ind. 131* VALPARAISO, seat
of Valparaiso Univ. & Valparaiso Tech. last Founded in 1859 as Meth. coed, col-
lege, Univ. is now probably largest coed. Luth. school. Shortly after Civil War, it
was closed for a time, then reopened by Henry Baker Brown, who made it "the poor
man's Harvard." After Brown's death & World War I, it was sold to Luth. church.
Indiana Steel Co* (O), largest producer of magnets in U.S. Sank Tri. Crossing is
indicated by marker on Pub. Lib. lawn. On St.49 (N) 4 m is Flint L., on which are
Blackhawk Beach (f.bath.boat.) & ESllcrest Pk* & Golf Course (O). 145. J. with
St55, which runs (N) l m to MerrilMIle, stopping pt for Gold Rush travelers in
1849. US30 enters Calumet (see). 153. J. with US41 (see). 156. DYER still has State
Une EL (O), tavern built in 1838. IND.-H1* LINE.
US 24 INDIANA
JKD.-OHIO LINE (3.5 m from Antwerp, O.) (W) to IND.-ILL. LINE (12 from
Watseka). 156. US24
Via: New Haven, Ft Wayne, Roanoke, Huntington, Lagro, Wabash, Peru, Logansport,
Burnettsville, Monticello, Remington, Kentland. Route is paralleled by Wabash & Pa.
RRs. Accoms.
US24 cont (SW) along Maumee R. to Fort Wayne, then runs along beside Little
Wabash & Wabash Rs. on route of Wabash & Erie Canal (see). Leaving this pic-
turesque valley, it crosses one of richest farm areas of ^Midwest Near st. line are
locks of canal that helped develop, then in early 1840's impoverished, the state. 12.
Gronaner JL (1860); near-by is barn where barge mules were stabled. 14. NEW
HAVEN. Here US24 unites with US30. 20. FORT WAYNE (see). J. with US27
(see), US30 (see) & USB 3 (see). 35. ROANOKE, where Roanoke Class. Academy
was founded by F. S. Reefy, in 1861, when st. had few secondary schools; nucleus
of Manchester College (see). 45. HUNHNGTON, busy center of grain & lime-
producing reg. on Little Wabash R.; seat of Huntington College. Jefferson St. Bridge
is possibly unique in U.S., carrying a business block out into the R. Overlooking R.
are La Fontaine Hotel (1923) & imposing Huntington County Cth. City was built
on Miami site ("place of flints")* home of Chief La Fontaine. In NE. sec. is campus
of Huntington College, founded by Ch. of the United Brethren at Hartsville in 1850
& moved to present site in 1897; liberal arts, music, business & theology. At E. Park
Dr. & Warren St., publishing house of "Sunday Visitor" & other Cath. periodicals.
At W. limits is Mem. Pk., with Sunken & Shakespeare Gardens. J. with US224 (alt
route to Ohio Line) & St.5.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On St.5 (NW) lm to Monastery of St Felix, of strict Capuchin Order.
At 1.5m, in Mt. Calvary Cemetery, is Grave of La Fontaine, Miami chief.
(B) On St.9 (SW) 26m to Marion, RR. & farm center, with many industries; seat of Marion
College. 1st sett, in 1826 & named for Gen. Francis Marion (see), the "Swamp Fox" of
Rev. War. Marion boomed in 1860*s with discovery of natural gas & oil. In Aug. 1930, a
mob hanged 2 Negroes from tree in Cth. Sq. In Matter Pk. (pic.swim.zoo) is Octogenarian
Mas.; coll. of pioneer books, furniture, clothing. Marion College is Wesleyan Meth. teacher-
training school (est.1890). Just S. of city is one of largest U.S. veterans' hospitals.
On US24 (W) a mile or so is Grave of L. P. Milligan (1812-99), prominent leader
of Knights of the Golden Circle, Southern sympathizers in middle states during Civil
War (c.50,000 in Ind.), later known as Sons of Liberty. Beyond Huntington, on hill-
top overlooking the Little Wabash is Victory Noll Training Sen. (Cath.), founded
in 1925 for education of women missionaries in U.S. 47* Fork of the Rivers, where
Miami signed treaty in 1840 giving up their Indiana lands. Miami village was burned
by Harrison's men after siege of Ft. Wayne, in 1812, not long after death of peace-
loving Little Turtle, but it was rebuilt & survived until 1840. Near-by is former
homestead of Chief La Fontaine. 50.5. Stone Aqueduct In LAGRO, 58., the canal
comes vividly to lif e, with main street running along its edge & several locks in good
condition. Keller H. (1840), once one of finest taverns on canal. On St.524 (S) 2
is Salamonie It St For. (pic.f.h.). 62. J. with St 13.
SIDE TRIP: On St.13 (N) 12m, along C.C.C. & StX. RR., to N. Manchester in lovely
Eel R. valley; seat of Manchester College (Ch. of the Brethren), founded in near-by Roa-
US 40 INDIANA 479
noke in 1869; accredited liberal arts college. Along the shady streets are homes of many
Dunkers, German religious sect who came to Pa. in early 18th cent On campus is Chief
Pierish's Cabin. Potawatomi chief, buried beneath floor, was a signer of Treaty of Paradise
Springs (see below). Zion Luth. Ch. (1846), where Lloyd Douglas (see) was pastor (1903-
05). Peabody Mem. Home (Presb.) for aged of any denomination. N. Manchester is birthpL
of Thos. R. Marshall, Gov. & U.S. Vice Pres.
64. WABASH. In Cth. are displayed carbon lamps used to light dome, Mar. 31,
1880, in one of 1st cities in world to be lighted by electricity. In Cth. Sq. is massive
bronze Lincoln of the People, by Chas. Keck. Not far off is Site of Paradise Springs
Treaty, 1826, which opened valley to settlement 79. PERU (through RR. & bus
conns, good accoms. & recr. facils.), still "Circus City"; birthpl. of Cole Porter. Ben
Wallace started circus here in 1884, & Peru has been winter hqs. for large shows
ever since. Lib. Annex Mus. has fine coll. incl. carved Circus Parade, Ind., pioneer
& other relics. Bearss Hotel (O.1837.remod.). Cth. Mus.; cradles, spinning wheels,
vehicles, firearms. Frances Slocum TrL
SIDE TRIP: (S) on Frances Slocum Trl. (marked) along Wabash & Mississinewa Rs. 2.5m
Site of Osage Village, where Tecumseh lighted Council Fire, 1812. Across bridge are Circus
Winter Quarters. Short distance (S), Rd. leads to Grave of Francis Godfrey, last chief of
Miami. Next on Trl. is Home of Cole Porter & near it, "The Old Fashioned Garden" of
one of his popular lyrics. In limestone cliffs along R. are Seven Pillars, cut symmetri-
cally by nature. 7.5m Peoria, village in midst of exceptionally fertile valley. Trl.
leads through Mississinewa R. St. For. Pk. incl. St. Pk. (pic.). About a mile from Peoria
are Home & Grave of Frances Slocum (1773-1847), the White Rose of the Miami, known
as Maconaquah (Young Bear). The child was stolen from her Pa. family in 1778 by Dela-
ware Inds., then adopted by the Miami. She roved the wilderness with them & married a
young chieftain. After nearly 60 yrs. of search, her brother & sister found her in 1837. The
lonely woman had told her story to Geo. Ewing, trader, when he visited the valley. Macono-
quah wished to remain with her children & grandchildren, & Congress, persuaded by John
Quincy Adams, gave her tract of land to be held in perpetuity by her descendants. About
half-way to Marion is Somerset^ on site of Ind, village, theme of Riley's "Among^ the Hills
of Somerset." lalapa is near former home of another Indiana-born poet, Joaquin Miller.
At c.22m is Mississinewa Battlefield, where Miami made their last major stand, Dec. 18,
1812. Trl. merges with St.15.
94. LOGANSPORT (through RR. & bus conns, good accoms. & recr. facils.)^ sett
in 1829, when a wolf scalp was worth a dollar bounty, now attractive industrial &
trade center at meeting of Eel & Wabash Rs. Site was popular trading post for Inds.
& pioneers, & W. & E. canal promoted early growth. Home of Kenesaw Mountain
Landis, judge & former baseball commissioner; also birthpl. of Walker Whiteside
& home of Clarence (Richard) Bennett, actors. On Biddle's I. is BMdle ft (1833),
built for Gen. John Tipton, who had charge of Potawatomi removal from Indiana
over "trail of death," in 1838. Early Hs. still standing incl. Home of G. N* fitch,
orig. owner of Fitch's Glen on the Wabash (pic.). In City Bldg. is Cass Ciy. Hist
Soc. Mus. (O.Fri.&Sat). J. with US35, the "Mich. Rd./ 9 & St.25, on which is St
Hospital for mentally ill. 103. L. OCOTT breaks sleepy landscape of farms & hazy
woodlots. 116. MONT1CELLO, resort town bet Ls. Shafer & Freeman (good
accoms.f .boatswim.), formed by dams on Tippecanoe R. 137* REMINGTON. J.
with St.53.
SIDE TRIP: On St53 (N) c.llm to St Joseph Jr. College, Cath. sch. for men, est.1891.
At 12m Rensselaer, seat of agric. Jasper Cry.
152. KENTLAND, birthpl. of Geo. Ade, celebrated humorist & playwright, whose
"Fables in Slang" is one of earliest & finest records of common Amer. speech.
George Ade ft J. with US41 (see). 156. ETTNER, on IND.-ILL. UNE.
US 40 INDIANA
IND.-OHIO LINE (15 m from Lewisburg, Ohio) (W) to IND.-HJL ONE (9^ from
Marshall, 111). 153. US40
Via: Richmond, Cambridge City, Knightstown, Greenfield, Indianapolis, Plamfield,
Stilesville, Harmony, Brazil, Terre Haute. Good accoms. in larger towns. Route par-
alleled by Perm. RR.
US40, wagon Rd. of 1840's, crosses undulating plain of cent. Ind. On either side
dairy farms, pastures, corn & wheat fields roll away to wooded horizons. Midway
on route is st's capital & largest city. From Indianapolis, scenery is varied by rugged
coal-bearing hills, thick fors. & level prairie.
480 US 40 INDIANA
4. RICHMOND (through RR. & bus conns, airport, accpms. & recr. facils.). In &
around city are Hs. dating back to early settlers, the soldiers of Geo. Rogers Clark.
Later, one of 1st Quaker communities in Ind. made its home in Richmond, & Earl-
ham College was est Abolitionist sentiment was very strong. Town grew rapidly
after Nat. Rd. was cut & is now center of rich trade area & a leading distributor of
many products, particularly roses, lawn mowers, machine tools, pianos & phono-
graph records. PTS. OF INT.: (1) At A & 7th Sts., Site of Henry Clay's Address, in
1842, after which the Friends petitioned him to free his own slaves. (2) A & N. 9th
Sts., in Morton High Sch., Pub. Art Gallery, one of oldest art assocs. in state. J. E.
Bundy & Wm. T. Eyden, among best-known Hoosier landscape painters, were
leading members. (3) llth St., Friends' Meetingju (1865); Wayne Cty. Hist Mus.
(O.free) has pioneer kitchen. (4) At W. limits, Earlham College, founded by Soc^of
Friends in 1847 & early devoted to scientific research. Mus. has 1st natural hist
coll. made in Ind. & Observatory was 1st in St. Modern laboratories. (5) On US40,
"Madonna of the Trail" Mon. (6) Easthaven Ave., Joseph JL Hill Co. (O) where
"Better Times" rose was developed (1931-34). Other large plants: Crosley Corp.,
Starr Piano Co., F. & N. Lawn Mower Co., Nat Automatic Tool Co. & Internat
Harvester Co. J. with US27 & US35.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On US27 (N) c.9na to Fountain City, where Levi Coffin's store was a
triam depot for Underground RR. It is said that not one of 2,000 slaves who passed through
Ms door was ever recaptured. Coffin org. a Freedman's Aid Soc. in London, 1864, & was
delegate to Internat. Antislavery Conference in Paris, 1867. Levi Coffin H.
(B) On US35 (NW) 39* to Muncie.
MUNCCE
High St, 600 block, N.Y.C. RR. Sta.; Vine & Wysor Sts., C. & O. Sta.; Race & Madison
Sts., Pa. RR. 410 Mulberry St., Ind. RR. Bus Sta. Mun. Airport (N) 2m. Good accoms.
& recr. facils. Civic & Children's Theaters. Many business & fraternal orgs.
From settlement around RR. sta., Muncie became peaceful rural center & college
town, & then highly industrialized city with considerable interest in the arts. Because
it seemed to them a typical Amer. town, Rbt. & Helen Lynd chose Muncie for
"Middletown." White R. moves in succession of broad loops across N. sec., & along
the drive are large pks. & residential areas. Cth. & business dist are (S) of R. &,
a short distance beyond, the RR. tracks cross middle of city. Farther (S) are many
industrial plants, surrounded by homes of workmen. Munseytown, platted in 1827,
named for Munsee Inds., was inc. as Muncie in 1847. Gas was discovered in 1870's
& during 20-yr. boom, more than 40 factories were built Then gas supply suddenly
ended, but town had gained a sizable pop., mainly native white (as it is today) &
several large companies had become solidly established. Most important is Ball
Bros., known throughout U.S. for their glass fruit jars. To this family, Muncie owes
its Ball Mem. Hosp. & various gifts to Ball Teachers College. City has numerous
musical & dramatic clubs & choral groups & valuable art coll.
PTS. OF INT.: Bet McKinley Ave. & Riverside Dr., Ball St Teachers College. In
1917, the St accepted from Ball family the gift of defunct Muncie Normal Institute
bldgs. & 70-a. campus for a division of Ind. St Normal School (see Terre Haute).
In 1929 the Muncie school became separate institution under present name, Differing
degrees in education & nursing. Adm. Bldg., overhung with ivy, is part of orig. gift
Lib. & Assembly Hall (1927) & modern Science Hall (1924) are important units,
but most beautiful structure on 150-a. campus is Arts Bldg. (1935), with one of best
galleries in Ind. Sculpture Hall has work by Paul Manship & other Amer. & Euro-
pean artists. Paintings range from early Dutch & ItaL to Childe Hassam & contem-
porary Amer. Frank C. Ball Coll. & ItaL Ren. Coll. are notable. Beneficence Mem.
to Ball family (1937.by Dan.C.French & Rich.H.Dana, architect). (2) 2400 Uni-
versity Ave., Ball Mem. Hospital (1929.Tudor Goth.), gift of Ball Bros. Foundation.
(3) Along Wheeling Ave., Delaware Cfy. Fairgrounds. (4) Bet. Crane & Walnut Sts.,
N. of Minnetrista Blvd., Ind. Village Site. Near-by is Cemetery of the Munsee. (5)
Broadway, (N) of R., McCulIough Pk. (pic.plajT5elds.zoo), city's largest. INDUS-
TRIAL PTS. OF INT.: (6) Macedonia Ave. & 9th St, Ball Bros. Plant (O), where
home-canning jars, bottles, glasses & rubber rings are made, along with modern
aluminum pressure cookers. The Ball holdings are widespread, & family is st's most
munificent benefactor. Co. was among last of major plants to sign C.I.O. contracts.
(7) 5th & Elliott Sts., Deko-Remy Corp. (O) & (8) at 1200 W. 8th St., Muncie Prod-
us% Corp. (O); auto accessories & parts. (9) Seymour St. bet Hackley & Blaine Sts.,
US 40 INDIANA 481
Warner-Gear-Division, Borg-Warner Corp. (O). (10) Macedonia Ave., S. of 8th St.,
Owens-Illinois Glass Co.; glass bldg. blocks & insulators.
10.5. CENTERVILLE; good examples of 19th cent, blue-gray brick Hs. O. P. Mar-
ton H. (1842) was home of Civil War Gov. At 323 E. Main St., Geo. W. Julian H.
(O.1846.remod.), former home of U.S. Congressman (1849-51, 1860-71) who intro-
duced woman-suffrage bill in 1868 & was leader of Free Soil party. At 4th & Main
Sts., John Nixon Coll. (O.appl.) of early Indiana paintings, books, almanacs. 20.
CAMBRIDGE CITY, once depot on Whitewater Canal (see US52); canal bed can
be seen along Main St. Vinton H. (O.I 847), tavern since canal days. 21. DUBLIN.
Hie Maples (1825), now store & inn. 33.5. DUNREITH. J. with St3.
SIDE TRIP: On St.3 (N) 3m to Spiceland, sett, in 1828 by Carolina Quakers who est
Spiceland Academy (1834), influential for three-quarters of a cent.; now occupied by
pub. sen. Charles A. Beard, co-author with his wife, Mary Beard, of "The Rise of American
Civilization," has paid tribute to his teachers at the Academy, llm New Castle. Near-by
(NE) is Wilbur Wright BirthpL
37.5. KNIGHTSTOWN, on Big Blue R., birthpl. of Chas. Beard. 44. CLEVE-
LAND, where Eastern Indiana Holiness Assoc. convenes (June & Sept.). 51.
GREENFIELD, birthpl. of Jas. Whitcomb Riley. The "Old Swimmin' Hole" is
preserved in Jas. Whitcomb Riley Pk., & in front of Cth. is Statue of Riley, gift of
school children. Riley Homestead (1850.sm.fee.tearoom.mus.) incl., as its kitchen,
the log cabin where Hoosier poet was born, Oct. 7, 1849. Currier & Ives prints, Viet
furniture & Riley memorabilia. As a young man Riley painted signs, sold Bibles &
shoes & traveled with medicine shows, but always writing verse. He became col-
umnist on "Anderson Democrat" &, later, staff member of "Indianapolis Journal."
52. Eli Lffly Co., biological laboratories. 55. PHILADELPHIA. About a mile (S)
is Annie Gray H., home of "Little Orphant Annie." 72. INDIANAPOLIS (see). 86.
PLAEMFCELD (see Indianapolis Trip IV for this sec. of route). 114. PUTNAM-
VILLE. Near town (S) is St. Farm for short-term prisoners. Entering coal-mining
country, US40 crosses Ten O'Clock Line, at 122., est. as N. boundary of white
settlement by Treaty of Ft. Wayne (1809). Gov. Harrison purchased from Ind. chiefs,
for $10,000 & small annuity, the fertile 3,000,000 as. bet. W abasn & White Rs.
Stretch of hy. overhung by ancient sycamores runs past McKinley Tavern (1834).
129. BRAZIL, on edge of rich coal & clay deposits, has several large brick, tile &
other clay products plants. Clay Cty. Hist Soc. Mus. (O) is in Pub. Lib. In Forest
Pk., at S. limits, Mem. Log Cabin (O).
146. TERRE HAUTE
Union RR. Sta., Spruce & 9th Sts.; Big Four RR. Sta., 7th & Tippecanoe Sts.; Union
Bus Terminal, Cherry & 6th Sts. At 7th St. & Davis Ave., Paul Cox Field, airport (no
sched. serv.). Good accoms. & recr. facils.
Terre Haute, on high plateau along Wabash R., commercial, cultural & banking
center for large mining & agric. area, is Indiana's most exciting city with gaudiest
& wildest past Also it was home of some of st's most notable men & women, incl.
Eugene Debs, Theodore Dreiser, Paul Dresser, Rose Melville, who created "Sis
Hopkins" role, Lyman Abbott, Dan. Voorhees, Gilbert Wilson, painter, & Max
Eastman, founder of "The Masses," whose "Enjoyment of Living** (1948) relates to
his Ind. boyhood. Predominantly a coal town, city also has brick & tile, paint &
varnish, canned goods & other industries. Seat of Ind. St. Teachers College, Rose
Polytechnic Institute & St. Mary-of-the-Woods College (in vie.). U.S. Penitentiary
is (S) 3 m on St.63, a model prison farm (1939-40). In 1811 Gen. Harrison built Ft.
Harrison on Wabash R.; town was platted in 1816. With flatboats & steamboats
arriving at the landing, frequently the terminal, the little town grew rapidly. In 1838,
the Nat. Rd. was completed to Terre Haute, & in 1849 the W. & E. Canal, soon to
be lined with factories, mills, foundries & tanneries. Coal mines were developed to
feed the locomotives, & Vigo Cty. became a leader in coal production.
Labor in Terre Haute has always been an active element, 1st under Knights of Labor
& then through United Mine Workers. One of most publicized strikes began in luly,
1935, in behalf of employees of a stamping company. It developed into effective
general strike (3rd in U.S.) when company imported professional strikebreakers &
ignored warnings of some 50 A. F. of L. unions. Gov. Paul V. McNutt sent in the
militia, pickets were dispersed & strike was soon called off, but the ban was not
lifted until Feb. 1936. (1) 451 N. 8th St., H. of Eugene V. Debs, Socialist leader;
482 US 52 INDIANA
fought against bitter opposition for many social principles later embodied in nat
legislation. Debs, born in 1855, was a locomotive fireman at 16 &, in 1880, secy.-
treas. of Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen & editor of its newspaper. In 1893 he
org. & was made pres. of Amer. Ry. Union, the 1st industrial, rather than craft,
union. In 1895 he was a leader in famous Pullman Strike & served his 1st prison
sentence. On basis of Social Democratic party, which Debs founded in 1898, the
Socialist Party of UJS. was org. in Indianapolis in 1900, with Debs as U.S. Pres.
candidate. In 1904, 1908, 1912, & 1920, he was again candidate, polling nearly a
million votes in last election, although serving 10-yr. sentence in Fed. prison. Be-
cause of speech in Canton, O., early in 1918, protesting Gov. prosecutions for sedi-
tion, he had been convicted under Espionage Act. In Oct. 1921, Pres. Harding had
him released, without citizenship. He died in 1926. Martin (in "Indiana") calls him
"most effective of the many protestants who have raged through Indiana history."
(2) Bet. Mulberry & Chestnut Sts., Ind. St Teachers College, high-ranking institution
founded in 1870, supported by city & st, has many modern bldgs. on large campus.
(3) 3rd St. & Wabash Ave., Vigo County Ctk, in which hangs bell bequeathed by Col.
Francis Vigo, who gave financial backing to Geo. Rogers Clark's operations. (4)
115 Walnut St., Dresser H., where were born Theodore Dreiser (see Literature),
important Amer. novelist, & Paul (Dresser), his brother, author of "On the Banks
of the Wabash." (5) In Highland Cemetery, at E. limits, is Grave of Dan. Voorhees,
the "tall sycamore of the Wabash"; U.S. Senator & eloquent orator, who defended
John Brown & John E, Cook, after Harper's Ferry raid. (6) End of E. "Ohio Ave.,
Deming Pk. (piazoo), Terre Haute's largest & most scenic recr. area, (7) Bet 2nd
& 3rd Sts., on Ohio St, Mem. Hall (O.wks.); military coll. (8) At W. limits, Rose
Polytechnic Institute, founded as engineering college for men, in 1874. J. with
US150, St.46 (see) &US41 (see).
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On US150 (N) 6.5m to St Mary-of-the-Woods College (Cath.) for girls*
The handsome bldgs. (ItaLRen.) are grouped on one of loveliest campuses in St. Girls work
in farm, dairy & other self-supporting projects.
(B) On US41 (N) 2.5^ along Wabash R, to Site of Ft. Harrison (1811), occupied by coun-
try club. From here Gen. Harrison marched to Battle of Tippecanoe (see). At 4.5^ is N.
Terre Haute, mining center.
US40 crosses Wabash R. Along either side are stretches of Dresser Mem. Pk.
148*5* W. TERRE HAUTE. 153. IND.-ILL. LINE.
US 52 INDIANA
OHIO ONE (Harrison, Ohio, 21 m from Cincinnati) (NW) to IND.-ILL. LINE
&* from Sheldon, DDL). 198. US52
Via: W. Harrison, Brookville, Metamora, Rushville, Morristown, New Palestine, In-
dianapolis, Lebanon, Lafayette, (Oxford), Fowler, Earl Park, Kentland, Effner. Hotels
in cities; accoms.: At intervals.
US52 is scenic route through valleys where settlement began & where st's hist was
largely shaped. It crosses Ind. diagonally from southern highlands, cut by long
Whitewater R., then through Indianapolis & farmlands of Wabash valley to prairies
on W. border.
& WEST HARRISON was laid out in 1813, but Oldest H* State St & Broadway,
was built before 1812. Confed. cavalry leader Morgan (see) made last stop in Ind.
in American Hotel* on Harrison Ave; The Confed. raiders were still fighting, al-
though Battle of Gettysburg ended a few days before they brought Ind. its only
Civil War experience.
SIDE TRIP: On country Rd. (route of Morgan's men) 8.5m (W) to Dover, Irish & German
Cath. settlement. St. Paul's Ou (1837) is in New Alsace, 12m, oldest Cath. parish in Ind.
Tour follows Whitewater R., along whose banks are traces of Whitewater Canal,
part of Internal Improvement Program that bankrupted st in 1838. Work began
again in 1842 &, although floods rose above the steep walls, the canal was a lifeline
for settlers until coming of Whitewater Valley RR., 1865. 3. J. with St.46 (see). 8.
NEW TRENTON, where Thos. Manwarring used steps of Manwairing Tavern
(1810) as pulpit on Sundays. At c.16. LITTLE CEDAR BAFT. CH. (1812) one of
oldest Bapt churches in Miss, valley; property of Brookville Hist. Soc. 19. BROOK-
US 52 INDIANA 483
VILLE, platted in 1808, was center of most thickly settled reg., & many early political
leaders came from here. It is birthpl. of Lew Wallace (see), author of "Ben HUT."
End of 8th St., Hermitage (1817), former home of J. Otis Adams (1851-1927),
Hoosier artist. In 700 block on Main St. are Pioneer Hardware Store & Gen, Hanna
H. (1818). At 210 E. 10th St., Governor Ray H. (1825). Extending (W) for miles
along restored tow path is Whitewater Canal St Mem. (pic.), comm. valley's im-
portance in early settlement. Whitewater Canal Aqueduct (1848) spans Duck Creek
at METAMORA, 27. At 29. J. with St.229.
SIDE TRIP: On St229 (S) 14m to Oldenbnrg, outstanding Cath. center, sett by German
people in 1837. Ch of the Holy Family, Convent of the Immaculate Conception, mother
house of sisters of St. Francis, & Oldenburg Franciscan Monastery. A mile from town is
Shrine of the Sorrowful Mother, housing Alsatian "Pieta" carved before Fr. Rev.
31. J. with St. 121, which follows (N) the sinuous W. fork of the Whitewater.
SIDE TRIP: On Stl21 (N) to Connersvffle. 5m Laurel, sett in booming canal days. Stone
barn, on Washington St., site of Canal Basin. Other early bldgs. are Laurel Jail, General
Store, & Whitehall Tavern. On Laurel Hill is high Ind. Mound, 16m Elmhurst, an estate,
with magnificent beeches & elms, on edge of Connersville, industrial city making refrig-
erator cabinets, blowers, pumps, machine tools, caskets & precision parts. City was founded
in 1813 by John Conner who was raised by Inds.; later guide for Gen. Harrison & member
of St. Legislature. Canal Co. Office (Gr.Rev.).
47. RUSHVELLE, founded in 1822 by Dr. Wm. B. LaughHn, of Phila., who named
town for Benj. Rush, signer of Decl. of Ind. At 805 N. Main St, Watson EL, former
home of Jas. E. Watson, whose "As I Knew Them" (1936) is story of 35 yrs. in
Congress. 89. INDIANAPOLIS (see). Beyond metropolitan area (see IndianapoKs
for this sec.), US52 enters farmlands set about with groves of beech, oak & cedar.
116. LEBANON, Boone County Cm. has 3-story monolithic pillars of limestone.
150. LAFAYETTE; & across Wabash R., W. LAFAYETTE, seat of Purdue Univ.
(At limits, US52 By-pass follows Concord R.)
RR. Stas.: Ferry St & Sheridan Rd., Wabash RR.; Alabama & 2nd Sts., Big Four &
Nickel Plate RRs.; North & 5th Sts., Monon RR. & Bus. Sta. Commercial airports.
Good accoms.; recr. facils. in various pks. Purdue Hall of Music (O). Tippecanoe Cty.
Fair. Info.: Ferry & 4th Sts., C. of C.
Lafayette is center of rich dairying, livestock & farming reg.; manufactures elec-
trical appliances, automotive tools & many other products. Town was founded in
1825 & named for Fr. Gen. then being welcomed in U.S. PTS, OF INT.: (1) 909
South St., Tippecanoe Cty. Hist Mus. (O). (2) Main & Scott Sts,, Columbian Pk.
(pic.ample playfields); large zoo. (3) On bank of R., Tippecanoe County Cth. (1882),
with Statue of La Fayette, by Lorado Taft (4) Industrial plants incl.: Ross Gear &
Tool Co., Aluminum Co. of Amer., Ralston Purina Co. Mills,
SIDE TRIP: On US52 By-pass & St43 (N) c.6m to J. with Rd. (E) to Battleground. Near
village is Tippecanoe Battlefield St. Mem. (pic.facils.) on site of battle between Gen. Har-
rison^ forces & Inds. under White Cloud, the Prophet, brother of Tecumseh, on Nov. 7,
1811. Tippecanoe & Wabash Sts., Site of Prophet's Town, est. in 1808. Alcohol was pro-
hibited, & cornfields were carefully tended. Tecumseh's plan for Ind. confederacy to deal
with the whites alarmed Gen. Harrison. At conference in Vincennes, Tecumseh suggested
truce while he conferred with tribes & with Pres. Madison, but, after Tecumseh departed,
Harrison led about 1,000 men to encamp near Prophet's Town. Without Tecumseh to
counsel him, the Prophet launched attack. Battle was indecisive & increased Ind. hostility,
but power of Tecumseh & the Prophet in Northwest was broken.
Across Main St Bridge from Lafayette is W. LAFAYETTE, 152., home of Purdue
Univ., land-grant institution est in 1869 with gift of land & funds from John Purdue
& others. Univ. ranks high among agric. & engineering schools, & holdings incL
nearly 6,500 as. Heavilon Hall (1895), with clock tower. Univ. Hall (1877); grave
of John Purdue near-by. Mem. Union Bldg. (1924-39). Purdue Hall (1873), where
are rooms once occupied by George Ade, Booth Tarkington & other famous alumni
Hall of Music (1939-40). In Mech. Eng. Bldg. is Railway Mus. On Northwestern
Ave., Ross-Ade Stadium (1924). In W. sec., Seneca (1946) & Chippewa (1947) Dor-
mitories. Purdue Airport (large & modern). On South R. Rd. (S) c.4^ is Site of Ft
Ouiatenon (pic.cottages), built by Fr. under La Salle, c.1720, & taken over by Brit at
end of Fr. & Ind. War, 1763. Ind. villages around it were destroyed in 1791.
185. US52 unites with US41 (see) to 194. KENTLAND (see), J. with US24, which
unites with US52 to JND.-ILL. LINE, at ETTNER, 198.
484 ST. 46 INDIANA
ST. 46 INDIANA
J. WITH US52 (3* from W. Harrison, at Ohio Line) (W) to TERRE HAUTE.
Via: Batesvffle, Greensburg, Columbus, Gnaw Bone, Nashville, Bloomington, Spencer,
Riley. Accoms. in larger centers; camp sites.
Midway on route is Indiana's scenic reg. in Brown, Monroe & Owen Counties, with
many as. reserved in St. Fors. & Pks. St.46 crosses Whitewater Cr. & cont. directly
(W). At 8. J. with St.l, cross-state (N-S) route along E. border. 24. BATESVILLE,
attractive settlement of German & other craftsmen employed in large furniture fac-
tories. 39. GREENSBURG, at J. of Penn. & C.C.C. & St.L. RRs.; in natural gas
belt. A curiosity of town is Tree on Cth. Tower. J. with St.29 (see Indianapolis Trip
HI). 67. COLUMBUS. J. with US31 (see). 82* GNAW BONE, crossroads village in
beautiful, sparsely settled wilderness. Some farming is done between the hills, &
tourist trade is good. 84. Rd., across creek, to Brown Cty. St. Pk. (f.h.swim.lodge.
cottages.camp.recr.facils.guides), largest & most scenic in st, covering 16,700 as.
(incl. game preserve). Miles of trls. & drives around Ls., over ridges & through deep-
cut valleys. Many artists have painted these woods in autumn color or in early
spring. Archery Area, Wildlife Exhibit, Game Sanctuary, Observ. Tower. Along one
f highest ridges is Swallow Trl. Lafe Bud Trl. leads up Weedpatch Hill (airport &
fire tower). Pk. is mem. to Frank McKinney (Kin) Hubbard (1868-1930), whose
"Abe Martin," rustic philosopher of Brown Cty., is comm. by Abe Martin Lodge,
near entrance,
87. NASHVILLE, among Cumberland Hills, is favorite tourist stop well-known
for colony of Hoosier artists. Art Gallery (sm.fee), exhibits work of Brown Cty. Art
Assoc. Log Jail (1837). Brown Cty. Mus. (sm.fee). Near Cth., Liars' Bench on lawn.
95. BELMONT. Rd. leads (N) to Ault & Yellowwood Ls. in Yellowwood St For*
(free.f.h.pic.shelterh.), 20,000 as. St Fish Hatchery (O). Adj. is Hoosier Nat For.
(f.h.camp.pic.); hqs. at Bedford (see US50). The 500,000-a. purchase unit extends
(S) from Bloomington (see below) to Ohio R. Among the jumbled hills are limestone
caves, quarries & mineral springs. Sawmills & factories are being developed in
eroded areas. Few camp sites, but hotels & cabins easily accessible in near-by towns.
Short way (S) from Belmont is T. C. Steele St Mem. (sm.fee), former estate of Theo.
C. Steele (1847-1926), dean of Hoosier painters. Hilltop Studio (0): landscapes &
other paintings. TraHside Mus. (O). 101.5. J. with Rd. to Ind. Univ. Astronom*
Observ.
106. BLOOMINGTON (1815), seat of Indiana Univ.; more than 20 limestone quar-
ries & mills in vie. In business dist. around limestone Monroe County Cth. (1908)
may be heard the genuine Hoosier dialect. Indiana Univ., one of oldest in this part
of country, was founded as Indiana Seminary in 1820, became a college in 1828 &
st. univ. in 1852; coed, since 1867. Degrees are conferred in College of Arts & Sci-
ences & Schools of Education, Medicine (in Indianapolis), Law, Dentistry (in In-
dianapolis), Business, Music & Health. Univ. was one of sponsors of study on human
sex behavior in charge of Alfred C. Kinsey, Prof, of Zoology. Among famous alumni
are Theodore Dreiser, Wendell Willkie, Hoagy Carmichael & Paul V. McNutt
Older bldgs., mostly of limestone, form part of quadrangle facing Indiana Ave.; N.
are Lib. ( 1 907. remod. 1942); Student Hall (1906), Maxwell Hall (1890), Law School;
& Owen HaU (1884). On E. side Wylie (1900), Kirkwood (1894) & Science Halls
(1902). Biology & Swain Halls form S. side, while modern Adm. Bldg. (1936) com-
pletes quadrangle (W). Kirkwood Observ. (1900). Mem. Union Bldg. (1932). Art
Center (1941). Mem* Stadium. In neighborhood are Howe H. (1834), Wylie H. (O.
1835) & Hinkle H. (O.appL).
113. ELLETTSVTLLE. Some of Indiana's finest quarries in vie. 121. McCOR-
MICK'S CR. ST. PK. (sm.fee.hotels.cabins.camp.pic.trls.guides.swim.f.recr.facils.).
Creek cuts bet limestone walls to White R. Among beech & pine groves are group
camps, Log Cabin (1810) & Mus. (free). 123. SPENCER, in rich limestone & agric.
area, is birthpl. of Wm. Vaughn Moody (1869-1910), author of 'The Great Divide."
Here also was home of Wm. Herschell (1873-1939), who wrote "Ain't God Good to
Indiana?" Log Courth. (1820). 138. BOWLING GREEN (1825). Old Settlers Re-
union in the fall. St.46 crosses Eel R., dear to the Delaware Lids, for the abundant
US 50 INDIANA 485
"snakefish." 157. RBLEY. Near here are stretches of W. & E. Canal & Canal Reser-
voir. 168. TERRE HAUTE (see). L with US40 (see) & US41 (see).
US 50 INDIANA
IN3X-OHIO LINE (18 from Cincinnati, Ohio) (W) to IND.-ILL. LINE (8 m from
Lawrenceville, III). 173. US50
Via: Lawrenceburg, Aurora, Versailles, N. Vernon, Seymour, Brownstown, Bedford
Shoals, Washington, Vincennes. Paralleled roughly by B. & O. RR. US150 is alternate
route, uniting with US50 about midway.
US50 enters characteristic Hoosier country. Hillsides in spring bloom with lupine,
violets & flowering shrubs, & in hazy Indian summer, goldenrod, wild aster & gen-
tian border the roadsides. Along center of route, limestone cliffs rise from placid
farmlands. Reforestation & rear, projects, incl. units of Hoosier Nat. For., occupy
thousands of as. of worn-out land. Bet forks of White R. is fertile valley producing
st.'s major crop corn; around Vincennes are spreading peach & apple orchards.
0. Stone marker (1838) on Ohio-Ind. Line. 3.5. GREENDAJLE. Aroma of ferment-
ing mash for whiskey has been familiar here for more than 100 yrs. On Brown St,
(R) from intersec. with US50, is Old Quaker Plant (O.appLtours), on site of 1st dis-
tillery (1809). James Walsh & Co. Distillery (O.appLtours). J. E. Seagram Plant (O.
appltours), largest in city. 5. LA.WRENCEBURG (sett.1801). Ferry. Scattered
through town are evidences of its hist, as popular port in steamboat days. Flood of
1937 destroyed thousands of homes behind city's broken levee. In Beecher Presb.
Ch., the 24-yr.-old Henry Ward Beecher had his 1st pastorate in 1837. Vance-Tousey
H. (O.wks.1818) was one of finest mansions along R. 9, AURORA. Many fine Hs,
here also belong to the past. Favorite landing for shantyboaters, who divide their
days between hill & river. J. with St.56 (see Ohio R. Tour). 20. DILLSBORO, min-
eral spa. 30. VERSAILLES ST PK. (f .camp.group camp.pic.riding); nearly 5,400-as.
acquired from Nat. Pk. Serv. in 1943. Pub. hunting ground for archers. Semi-annual
field trials for hunting dogs (horses for rent) has made pk. widely known for its
excellent running grounds. At VERSAILLES the big event is Pumpkin Show &
Farmers* Fair (Oct.). Aluminum spire of ultra-modern Tyson Temple (1937) rises
above 19th cent. Hs. & modest business bldgs. Morgan Raid Marker, on Ripley
County Cth. (1852) lawn, tells of hasty looting by Confed. soldiers in 1863.
53. NORTH VERNON, platted in 1834; RR. center. On St7 (S) is small but lovely
Muscatatnck St Pk. (cottages.pic.f.). Muscatatuck Inn. 65. J. with US31 (see). 68.
SEYMOUR, modern factory & RR. town. Swope Mem, Art Gallery (O.wks.). 78.
BROWNSTOWN (sett.1816), typical Hoosier farm town. J. with St.39 & Stl35.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On St39 (SE) 2m to Jackson Cty. St. For. (f.^ic.).
(B) On St.135 (SW) 3.5m to Ft VaHonia (1805). Near-by (S) is large Driftwood St Fish
Hatchery (O).
104. BEDFORD, attractive city with many stone Hs. & neat streets; center of St's
limestone industry. Bedford stone was used in Empire State & many other notable
bMgs. Indiana Limestone Corp. Mills & Quarries (O.appL). On St.158 (W) is Moses
Fell Annex Farm (O.guides) of Purdue Univ. (see). J. with St.54, which leads (NW)
6 m to Avoca St Fish Hatchery (0). In Bedford are Hqs. of Hoosier Nat For. Pur-
chase Unit (see). US50 unites with St.37 beyond White R. Bridge, 107., then winds
gradually (W) through rocky country & thick hardwood fors.
SIDE TRIP: On St.37 (S) 6m from bridge to Mitchell; (E) on St.60 to Spring Mill St Pk.
(sm.fee.f .swim.boat.hotels.cottages.camp.pic.), where is authentic restoration of Spring Mill
Village, founded in 1815 in hidden valley. Other features are 100 as. of virgin timber;
Donaldson's Care (boat trips), through which winds underground R. famous for its blind
fish; Twin Caves (boat trips). Spring Mill Village began with gristmill &. limestone quarry
opened by Sam. Jackson, ensign under Perry at Put-in-Bay (see Ohio). The properties
changed hands several times but, by 1850, an elegant village & stagecoach stop surrounded
a great gristmill built in 1816-17. Ox-drawn wagon fleets traveled to distant markets, &
barges floated lumber, flour & whiskey down to faraway New Orleans. When the RRs.
shied away from the rock-walled valley, the village began to decline. Meanwhile George
Donaldson, eccentric Scotsman, had bought a cave & some land extending across valley's
only outlet, & he wanted Ms retreat left in its natural state. Spring Mill died & weeds &
grass were rank in the streets when Donaldson went home to Scotland to die (1897).
A few yrs. later, Dr. Carl H. Eigenmann, Indiana Univ., discovered in Donaldson's Cave
the rare blind fish he had sought in many parts of the world. His "Cave Vertebrates o*
486 US 41 INDIANA
America" (1909) incl. study of these "dim-eyed" fish. When St. Pk. system was begun
in 1920's under Col. Richard Lieber, Lawrence Cty. offered the Donaldson tract. Col.
Lieber found that Lehigh Portland Cement Co. owned the crumbling ruins in the valley
but would give site to the St. it* he would fulfill his dream of a restoration. Spring Village
was brought completely to life. The gristmill, with orig. burrs & stones & wheels, was
rebuilt. Big logs pass under the saw in the slash mill, pioneer Hs. stand in gray-walled
gardens, & along main street are still-house, tavern, hat & cobbler shops, loom house &
pottery plant.
124. MARTIN CTY. ST. FOK. (piamotor rd.), replanted with pine by CCC. Be-
yond, in rocky valley of White R., the Knights of the Golden Circle brooded over
dreams of a southwestern empire; & during prohibition era, moonshiners & racket-
eers sheltered in the hills. 128. SHOALS. J. with US150, which unites with US50
to state line. A short distance from Shoals (N) are the fantastic Jug Rock (pic.) &
McBrides Bluffs, characteristic formations of Indiana's highlands. Along White R.
are numerous caves, crystal springs & small waterfalls. Bet. forks of White R. are
thousands of fertile as., incl. farms of the industrious Amish. 152. WASHINGTON,
on site of Ft. Flora (1805). Van Trees H. (1843.Gr.Rev.) has Doric columns hand-
carved from tree trunks. 172.5. VINCENNES (see), in the orchard country of
Wabash Valley. 173. US50 crosses Lincoln Mem. Bridge at ELL.-IND. LINE.
US 41 INDIANA
IND.-HX. TJNR (Chicago) (S) to KY. LINE (6 m from Henderson, Ky.). 288. US41
Via: Hammond, Highland, Sumava Resorts, Morocco, Kentland, Earl Park, Boswell,
Attica, Rockville, (Clinton), Terre Haute, Sullivan, Busseron, Vincennes, Princeton,
Evansville. RR, & bus conns. & accoms. at larger centers & resorts.
US41, heavily traveled route from L. Superior to Fla., enters Ind. at (S) limits of
Chicago & crosses industrial Calumet (see). In belt of dark rich soil beyond, every
acre seems to be truck farm or garden spot. US41 then runs along W. side of state,
in Wabash valley for many miles.
See. 1: IND.-ILL. LINE to TERRE HAUTE. 173.
C5. HAMMONB (see Calumet). 10.5. MtTNSTER, at edge of sandy ridge that
once shored L. Mich. Hy. beyond town is lined with fruit stalls, markets, gas sta-
tions & lunch stands. 12.5. HIGHLAND, settled largely by Dutch truck farmers.
17. J. with US30 (see). 22. J. with St8.
SIDE TRIP: On St8 (E) 6m to Crown Point, seat of industrial Lake Cty,; founded in
1834. In 1934 John Dillinger escaped from Lake Cty. Jail.
26. Short distance (E) of hy., Cedar L. (hoteLcabins.boats). 37. Edge of great Elan*
fcakee Marsh (see US30). US41 crosses Kankakee R. 41. SUMAVA RESORTS
extend for mile or more along R., & for many miles small villages dot the farm
country. 69. KENTLAND, J. with US24 (see). 75. Earl Park, spacious little town
canopied by maples. US41 speeds ^through thinly settled country along route of
Gen. Harrison's army on way to Tippecanoe (see). 88. BOSWELL. Few towns or
tourist stops for many miles. 106.5. J. with St.28, which leads (S) l m to WilKamsport,
founded in 1828. Stone Tavern, on Old Town Hill, is reminder of once busy port
on spur of W. & E. Canal. Fall Creek drops over high sandstone ledge & follows
rocky gorge to Wabash R. 107.5. J. with Rd. along Wabash.
US41 crosses Wabash R. to ATTICA, 108.5., farm & mfg. town on site of Potawatomi
village. Early home of Dr. John Evans (1814-97), influential in founding North-
western Univ. in Evanston, 111. (named in his honor), & Colorado Seminary, which
became Univ. of Denver. In 1862, Evans was appointed Terr. Gov. of Colorado.
Harrison Steel Castings Co, (O.appl.). Along Wabash (SW) are Portland Arch &
Bear Cr. Canyon. 121.5. STERLING. J. with St.34; (W) of J. on St34 is Veeders-
feurg, brick-making center.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On St.34 (W) 7m to Orpington, early rivertown. Most widely known
citizen was Edw, A. Hannegan, considered Dan. Webster's rival in eloquence. At 5th &
Jefferson Sts. is Hannegan H. At 8th & Crocker Sts., Home of Lew Wallace (see below),
during term as prosecuting attorney for Fountain Cty. The Ohio-born Hannegan (1807-
59), a man of dynamic charm & violent impulse, became U.S. Senator in 1842 & was
appointed Minister to Prussia in 1849. Recalled, he entered race for nomination as Demo-
US 41 INDIANA 4&1
cratic candidate for Presidency. In violent quarrel after heavy drinking, Hannegan killed
bis brother-in-law &, although exonerated, never recovered from the shock. Lew Wallace^
who presented weak case against his friend, had to leave Covington.
(B) On St34 (E) 21m to Crawfordsvilie, sometimes called the Hoosier Athens because it
is seat of Wabash College & former home of Maurice Thompson, Lew Wallace, & Mere-
dith Nicholson. In residential sec. are fine houses on pleasant streets, while business dist
is crowded with brick bldgs. of a mfg, & trade center. Pike St & Wallace Ave., Lew
Wallace Study (O.wks.), a square, porticoed tower. Wallace, best known as author of "Ben
Hur," was Civil War Gen., Terr. Gov. of New Mex. & Minister to Turkey. 205 S. Walnut
St., Home of Meredith Nicholson, diplomat & distinguished writer. Besides his romantic
novels, Nicholson wrote "The Hoosiers," "The Poet," a life of Riley & other nonfiction.
Maurice Thompson, who spent most of his life here, is widely known for "Alice of Old
Vincennes." In beautiful Henry S. Lane H. (O.wks.sm.fee.Georg.) is Montgomery Cty.
Hist. Soc* Mus. Col. Lane was 1st nat. chairman of Republican party. Wabash College
(Presb.), nonsect. liberal arts college for men, founded in 1832. Forest Hall (1832), orig.
bldg. Modern bldgs. are Pioneer Mem. Chape!, Yandes Lib*, Goodrich HalL Vice-Pres.
Thos. Marshall, Gov. J.P. Goodrich & Lew Wallace attended Wabash.
138.5. J. with St.47.
SIDE TRIP: On St.47 (E) 1.5m to Turkey Run St. Pk. (sm.fee.hotels.cottages.camp.f.boat
swim.archery & other sport facils.), with virgin timber stands & rocky gorge of Sugar
Creek; unusual diversity of vegetation & wildlife, 50m of trls. & bridle paths.
At c.141. Hadley Mon., to Alfred & Rhoda Hadley, Quakers active in Underground
RR. 147. ROCKVBLLE, quiet home of many retired farmers. J. with US36, which
runs (W) 17^, past Dana, birthpl. of Ernie Pyle, to III Line. In country (SW) from
Rockville, grim little coal towns surround the numerous shaft mines. 158. CLIN-
TON, (W) of hy. on St.163, founded in 1829, is the largest center. 168. NORTH
TERRE HAUTE, coal-mining town. Settlement grew up around Marble Mill (1816),
the ruins of which still stand. 173. TERRE HAUTE (see). L with US40 (see), St.46,
(see), & US150, with which US41 unites.
Sec. 2: TERRE HAUTE to KY. UNE. 115.
The gently rolling country is fine for cantaloupe & other fruits. 0, TERRE HAUTE.
18. J. with St48.
SIDE TRIP: On St.48 (E) through country wasted by strip-mining to Shakamak St Pk.
(sm.fee.cottages.camp.group camp.f.swim.boat.). Wildlife exhibit of deer, buffalo, elk &
waterfowl. Coal Mine (O).
SHELBURN, just (S) of J., is fairly large mining town. 1st coal mine in reg. was
sunk here in 1868. 27. SULLIVAN, scene in 1925 of one of state's worst mining
disasters, when gas explosion trapped 55 men. Home town of Will Harrison Hays,
motion picture executive, who loves this 'Valley of democracy." 28. J. with St.54
(E). 29. J. with St.54 (W).
SIDE TRIP: On St.54 (W) 9m to Merom Bluffs, highest on the Wabash, named for L.
where Joshua fought the Canaanite kings. Near Merom (E) are traces of prehist. mounds.
33. CARLISLE, sett early in 19th cent; for many yrs. an active mining center. la
Cemetery are buried "Handy" Handley, who crossed the Delaware with Gen. Wash-
ington, & Jas. L. Scott, 1st chief justice in Ind. Terr. U.S. Center of Pop. (1940) is
(SE) c.2^ from Carlisle. 39. OAKTOWN, center of oil & gas reg. & shipping pt
for fruits. In vie. is Shaker Prairie, where communal sect lived for 70 yrs.
58. VINCENNES
Washington & Wabash Aves., Union RR. Sta. 429 Main St, Bus Terminal Good
accoms. & recr. facils. Info.: C. of C., in City Hall.
Vincennes, once capital of Northwest Terr. & (for a few months) of Louisiana
Purchase as well, is full of the whole Amer. past It Is built on site of Chippecoke,
capital city of Ind. tribe, & in encircling hills are mounds of prehist. Americans.
Bet. pylons of Lincoln Mem. Bridge, a hy., (US50), runs (W) to Lincoln country &
the Great West Clark's taking of Brit. Ft. Sackville at Vincennes in 1779 was a
decisive victory, & Gen. Harrison was hero of later battles that won the Ind. lands.
Vincennes is also a modern industrial city & market for wide area incl. Knox Cty.,
which is 2nd in st in diversified agriculture, 1st in peach & apple orchards & in
acreage in cantaloupes, watermelons & wheat & a leader in production of coal.
In late 17th cent., a trading post was est. on riyerbank. In 1732, Francois Morgane de
Vincennes was in command of Fr. fort on this site, & his name was given to settle-
488 US 31 INDIANA
ment in 1736, the yr. in which lie was burned at the stake by the Chickasaw. After
1763 post became Ft. Sackviile, one of principal Brit, forts. In summer of 1778, Geo.
Rogers Clark sent Father Gibault from Kaskaskia (see 111.) to persuade the Creole
villagers at Vincennes to take Amer. side. When Gen. Hamilton, Brit, "hair buyer"
from Detroit, took over the ft., a wealthy Ital. trader, Francis Vigo, took the news
to Clark & gave financial support to attacking expedition. Ft. Sackviile was sur-
rendered Feb. 25, 1779. Neither Father Gibault nor Vigo was ever properly re-
warded by Gov. The Fr. & Creole (Fr.-Ind.) settlers of Vincennes were a gay &
carefree people. Then in 1840's, a thrifty German Cath. colony built up the "Dutch
Flats" & gradually beyond the R. (N) became characteristically Amer. with com-
munity of mixed stock. Probably best way to see Vincennes is to start with Mem.
Bridge, within a half-mile radius of which are all hist, sites of vanished "French-
town." Beyond business dist. are residential areas bordered by exclusive Burnett
Heights & (E) & (N) by homes of working people.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) Clark Mem. Plaza stretches along waterfront & over Site of
Ft Sackviile. Foot of Baraett St. is Geo. Rogers Clark Mem. (O) to "Conquest of
the West," erected in 1931-33, by Fed. Gov. at cost of $3,000,000. Granite terraces
ascend from wide plaza to circular colonnaded temple (Doric). Murals (by Ezra
Winter). Siatne of Clark (by Hermon MacNeil). (2) Lincoln Mem. Bridge (1931),
part of Lincoln Nat Mem. Hy. from Hodgenville, Ky., to Springfield, 111. (see), at
pt where Lincoln family crossed in 1830. (3) E. of bridge is granite Statue of Francis
Vigo (by John Angell). (4) 2nd & Church Sts., St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (O.sm.
fee,1825-26.Romanes.). Bell from 1st log chapel (c.!702.recast). Father Simon Brute
de Remur, 1st bishop of Vincennes Diocese (now Indianapolis), is buried beneath
altar. (5) On Cathedral grounds, French Cemetery, where Inds., missionaries,
soldiers, Fr. & Amer. settlers are buried in unmarked graves. (6) Adj. to Cathedral,
Old Cathedral lib. (1843); parish records from 1749 & Father Brute's lib. (7) Church
St., opp. Cathedral, Statue of Father Pierre Gibault (by Albin Polasek). (8) 2nd St
bet Church & Barnett Sts., Chapel of St Clare's Convent, founded in 1824; prede-
cessor of St Rose Academy (1843 .now at 5th & Seminary Sts.)* (9) 2nd & Barnett
Sts., site (supposed) of Home of "Alice of Old Vincennes,'* who raised Amer. flag
over Ft Sackviile. (10) 10th St., in Greenlawn Cemetery, Grave of Francis Vigo.
(11) 5th & Busseron Sts., Vincennes Univ. coed. jr. college; founded in 1806. (12) In
Harrison Pk., First Terr. Capitol (c.!800.rest.O.sm.fee), used until capital was
moved to Corydon (see) in 1813. (13) Park & Scott Sts., the Win. H. Harrison Man-
sion (1803-04.0.sm,fee.); 1st burnt-brick bldg. W. of Alleghenies; orig. & period
furnishings. (14) 111 N. 2nd St, Ellis H. (1830), now Harmony Club; built of
hand-quarried local stone. (15) 214 NW. 2nd St., Pub. Mus. (O.free); Ind., pioneer &
art colls.; concerts, exhibits. INDUSTRIAL PTS. OF INT. (O.appL): (16) Washington
Ave., Brown Shoe Co, (17) 537 Willow St., Blackford Window Glass Co. (18) 1312
Chestnut St., Tip-Top Creamery Co., one of largest in state. (19) 703 State St.,
Vincennes Packing Corp., canners of "Alice of Old Vincennes" brand.
IN ENVIRONS: (20) Indian Mounds, some of largest in Ind. Sugar Loaf Mound,
about 3 4-mile (E) on St.61, is most picturesque. (21) Clark's March on Vincennes
(marked route), terminating 9 m (S). At 7 is Rd. to Clark's Ferry (sm.fee) to St
Francisville, Hi, where Clark & his men crossed. J. with US50-US150 (see US50).
US41 passes KNOX CTY. EXPER. FIELD of Purdue Univ. 83. PRINCETON,
largest of several shipping centers in cantaloupe & fruit reg. Lincoln brought wood to
the mill here in 1827. 112. EVANSVILLE (see Ohio R. Tour). 115. US41 crosses
Ohio R., IND.-KY. ONE.
US 31 INDIANA
im-MICHL LINE (5 from Niles, Mich.) (S) to IND.-KY. LINE (Louisville, KyA
262. US31
Via: South Bend, Plymouth, Rochester, Peru, Kokomo, Westfield, Indianapolis,
Franklin, Columbus, Seymour, Uniontown, Scottsburg, Jeffersonville. Through RR. &
bus conns. & accoms. at short intervals. Paralleled by main line RRs.
US31, one of most heavily traveled (N-S) routes, begins in Ind. in resort area near
L. Mich. & crosses several of st's largest centers.
US 31 INDIANA 489
Sec. 1: Em-MICH. LINE to INDIANAPOLIS. 145.
Route begins in fruit & truck-garden area, also one of chief mint-growing reg. of
U.S. (Mich, & Ind.). Peppermint was introduced from Europe in 19th cent &, since
1900, U.S. has produced much of world's supply. Plant grows a foot or two high
before harvesting. Then the cut mint is sent to distilleries in Lake & St Joseph
counties.
6. SOUTH BEND. J. with US20 (see). 17. LAKEVELLE, resort 22. J. with US6
(see). 29. PLYMOUTH. J. with US30 (see). Lake of the Woods, in hardwood for.
Sass L. & numerous other Ls. in vie. (f.boatcottages.resort facils.). 28. J. with St. 10.
SIDE TRIP: On StlO (W) 10m to Cnlver Military Academy (est.1894), well-known boys'
school on banks of L. Maxinkuckee (good f.), 2nd largest in Ind. Ciilver is resort town.
US31 crosses Uppecanoe R. near spot where Potawatomi signed treaties giving up
their lands. 49. ROCHESTER, resort town. Cole Bros. Circus Winter Hqs. On llth
St., Friends Meetingh., now Wayne Cty. Hist Soc. Mus. (O). On neighboring L.
Manitou (f.recr.facils.hotels.cabins) is Fed. Fish Hatchery (O). 67. EEL R., long
associated with Little Turtle & the Miami. 72. PERU. J. with US24 (see).
93.KOKOMO(est.l844).
Through RR. & bus conns. Municipal Airport, for Delta airlines. Ample accoms. &
recr. facils. Info.: C. of C. 5 in Courtiand Hotel.
Kokomo was home of Elwood Haynes, inventor, & Elmer Apperson, builder, of
1st mechanically successful "horseless carriage," in 1893-94. Town is vigorous &
civic-minded industrial center, producing steel, automobile parts & accessories,
china, stoves & radios. In Pioneer Cemetery is Mon. to Makokomo, Miami Chief.
On Main St., (S) of Wildcat Cr., Machine Shop where pioneer gas automobile was
built. J. with US35, which leads (SE) 3^ to Elwood Haynes MOIL, on spot where
test run began. 108. J. with St.28.
SIDE TRIP: On St.28 (E) 14m to Elwood, market center for leading tomato reg. BirthpL
of the late Wendell L. Willkie, Pres. candidate (1940) & author of "One World." At 23^
Alexandria, center of rock-wool industry. Johns-Manville Co. Plant (O.appL), 1st pro-
ducer of rock-wool insulation.
125. WESTFIELD, noted Underground RR. sta. (7 (E) on St32 is Noblesvffle,
sett in 1823. Tourist PL & Camp). 145. INDIANAPOLIS (see). J. with US52 (see),
US40 (see) & US36.
Sec. 2: INDIANAPOLIS to KY. LINE. 117.
0. INDIANAPOLIS (see Indianapolis Trip IV for next 40 miles). 40. US31 forks,
main tour by-passing Columbus, while US31A crosses downtown sec. 43. COLUM-
BUS. (Through RR. & bus conns, accoms.golf & other recr. facils.) In 1820, Gen.
John Tipton, hero of Ind. wars, built cabin in bottomlands of White R. He offered
land for cty. seat to be named for him, but the commission decided to forget "Tip-
tonia," & the founder departed from the swamps. When site was drained, many
large industries gravitated to Columbus, incl. radio, automobile accessories, diesel
engine plants & tanneries. In Courth. is Bartholomew Ciy. Hist Soc. Mus. (O).
Lafayette Ave. & 5th St., Sunken Gardens (O), on estate of Wm. G. Irwin. On 5th
St also is Tabernacle Christ Ch. (O), said to be only one in U.S. Chimes Tower.
SIDE TRIP: On US31A (S) 23m to Seymour, industrial town bet. White & Muscatatuck
Rs. (pic.camp sites). Swope Mem. Art Gallery (O). US31A ends here. J. with US50 (see).
On US50 (E) 3m to J. with US31, main tour.
63. J. with US50 (see). 84. SCOTTSBURG. J. with St56 (see Ohio R. Tour). Near
UNDERWOOD, 90., is Pigeon Roost Mem,, on grave of settlers killed by Shawnee
in 1812. 92.5. CLARK ST. FOR. (f.h.piacamp.), in Clark's Grant (see Ohio R.
Tour). Very large area with several artificial Ls. & for. nursery. Cone-shaped eroded
* 4 Knobs" are characteristic of reg. Tower on Grand View Knob (1,020'). 94. J. with
St.160, which runs (NW) through St For. 108.5. SELLERSBURG. Here hy. forks;
US31W runs (SW) into New Albany, & main tour cont straight (S). 116. JEFFER-
SONVELLE, bordering Ohio R., IND.-KY. LINE, at 117. (see Ohio R. Tour for
both cities).
490 OfflO RIVER TOUR INDIANA
OHIO RIVER TOUR INDIANA
IND.-OHIO LINE (21 from Cincinnati, O.) (W) to IND.-ILL. LINE (7 m from
Crossville, HL). 263. US50, S156, St.156, St62, St66 (see also Ohio & Ky.).
Via: Aurora, Rising Sun, Vevay, Madison, Charlestown, Jeffersonville, New Albany,
Corydon, Leavenworth, Dale, Boonville, Evansville, Mt. Vernon, New Harmony.
Sec. 1: OHIO LINE to NEW ALBANY. 116. US50, St56, St.156, St.62
Tour follows 1st channel of migration into the West. Shores are lined with old
towns & landings, & ferries at intervals unite Ind. with Ohio & Ky. rivertowns. In
some places, valley is spread with orchards & farmlands; at other pts., hy. follows
rocky bluffs along shore.
US50 (see) crosses st line a few miles (N) of R. into area long known for its dis-
tilleries. 9. AURORA. Shantyboaters, fishermen & houseboats make lively stir up
& down R. (ferry to Petersburg, O.). J. with St.56, on which tour cont. (S) along R.,
then cuts across rugged country. 11. LAUGHERY CR., where Col. Lochry MOD*
marks site of Ind. massacre in 1781. 17. RISING SUN (ferry. airport), founded in
1814. Ohio County Ctibt. (1845). 20. Tour turns on St.156, close to shore where long
stretches are broken only by river signals & clumps of willows & sycamores. 48*
VEVAY. Early Hs. & sites are marked by Hist. Soc. of Switzerland Cty. which was
sett, at end of 18th cent, by Swiss immigrants who named city after Vevey on L.
of Geneva. Became prosperous steamboat town, known for excellent wine. Birthpi
of Edw. Eggleston (1837-1902), whose "Hoosier School Master" is one of earliest
creative treatments of pioneer material. Swiss Inn (1823). Near County Cth. is
Carnegie Lib., housing dementi piano brought from London in 1717. Once a
week Mary Wright, in court dress & jewels, played for settlers in her father's
cabin. From Vevay, tour turns (W) on St.56 again, shadowed by cliffs. 68.5*
MADISON (sett. 1805), seat of tobacco-raising Jefferson Cty., has Southern flavor,
particularly in antebellum Hs. near river front Around Central & West Sts. are
large tobacco warehouses, & shipyards from 1830's stand along R. Madison then
was largest city in Ind. (2,000 pop.). PTS. OF INT.: (1) 1st St. bet. Elm & Vine
Sts., J. F. D. Lanier St Mem. (O.sm.fee.l840-44.Gr.Rev.), masterpiece of architect-
builder, Francis Costigan. Orig. furnishings. Lanier financed Indiana's part in
Civil War & later saved st from bankruptcy. (2) Poplar & 2nd Sts., NW. cor.,
Sullivan H. (1818.Class.Rev.). (3) 1st & Poplar Sts., Shrewsbury H. (1846.by
Costigan); spiral stairway. (4) 1st & Jefferson Sts., Paul H. (1809), oldest brick
bldg. (5) 2nd & Madison Sts., Madison Hotel (O.1849.by Costigan). (6) 2nd &
Poplar Sts. SW. cor., Schofield H. (1817.S.CoL). (7) Madison Lib., founded 1811.
70.5. CLIFTY FALLS ST. PK (sm.fee.camp.pic.hotels.guides.sport facils.). Clifty
Creek & Little Clifty Creek fall from ledge to ledge before dropping into boulder-
strewn canyon. Clifty Inn, with fine view over R. 74. HANOVER, just (S) of hy.;
seat of Ind.'s oldest private college, Hanover College (Presb.coed.), founded in
1827 % On campus, 400' above R., are new (1947) Georg. Col. bldgs. incl.
Classic HaU; Auditorium; Science Hall, housing laboratory science depts. in
which Hanover was a pioneer. Ihos. A. Hendricks Lib., comm. U.S. Vice Pres.,
class of 1841.
From Hanover, tour follows St.62 (S) & (W) while St.56 roughly parallels route
of US50 (see).
&CDE TRIP: On St.56 (W) to Salem. At 16m Scottsburg, J. with US31 (see). 24m where
The Knobs begin, rounded tree-covered hills running (S) to Ohio R. 45m Salem (sett 1814)
cheerful Quaker town on many hills. BirthpL of John Hay (18384905), statesman &
writer, Secy, of State, Brit. Ambassador. Morgan Raid Marker. 48^ Rd. leads (S) to
Beck's Mills (1809); Hist Mns.
St.62 swings (S), no longer in sight of R. In Indiana's southern hills, the pop. is
widely scattered, & life in some sees, is as primitive as when Lincoln family
settled there. 97. CHARLESTOWN, small town bridging present & past. At out-
skirts JF e E ' * Du Pont de Nemours & Co., smokeless powder factory, & Good-
year lire & Rubber Co.; while at N. edge of town is 1st Mettu Ch. in Ind, (1807)
&, m cemetery near-by, Grave of Jon. Jennings, 1st Ind. Gov. 110. JEFFERSON-
VILLE (bridge to Louisville, Ky.), one of oldest towns in St.; founded in 1786 by
Geo. Rogers Clark & platted in 1802 by Wm. H. Harrison, with advice of Thos.
Jefferson. Howard Shipyards (closed), on Front St., built many Mississippi packets
OfflO RIVER TOUR INDIANA 491
& steamers. In 1937, Jeffersonville was probably most seriously damaged of all
the flooded rivertowns. At 10th St. & Meigs Ave., U.S. Quartermaster Depot, one of
largest in country. On Clark Blvd., Oldest St. Prison in Ind. (1821.remod.). Across
Mun. Bridge is CLARKSVBLLE, founded by Clark in 1784 on part of 150,000-a,
grant made by Va. Rest of grant was divided among his men. The settlements
languished & Clark died, poor & discredited by his country, in 1818. L with US31
(see).
116. NEW ALBANY
E. Market & Cavell Sts., Chi Ind. St. L. RR. Sta.; Vincennes & Market Sts., B. & O. RR.
Sta. 234 Vincennes St., Bus Depot Toll Bridge to Louisville, Ky. Accoms.; Golf &
other recr. facils.
New Albany, center of veneer industry, is another hist, rivertown on edge of Clark's
Grant Residential dists. lie among hills that rise (NW) into the ranging Knobs,
Around marketplace & along Main St. are 19th cent Hs. built by shipyard & steam-
boat owners. Platted by settlers from N.Y. (1813), New Albany became one of most
important towns in Ind. From its shipyards came record-making "Robert E. Lee" &
the "Eclipse," whose long-distance record was never beaten. Flood of 1937 destroyed
property valued at $5,000,000. PTS. OF INT.: 600 E. Main St., Sloan EL (1853),
square mansion on hilltop, with pilot's cabin. E. Main St. near State St. Scribner EL
(O.1814.sm.fee). Market & Lafayette Sts., Site of Anderson Seminary, est in 1841
by John B. Anderson, RR. magnate who gave Andrew Carnegie & other working
boys the use of his lib. On Ekin Ave., Nat. Soldiers' Cemetery, ded. in 1862.
Sec. 2: NEW ALBANY to MD.-ILL. UNE. 147. St.62, St.66, St62
0. NEW ALBANY. J. with Still, river Rd. 7. J. with Stll (parallels Still inland).
St.62, the main tour, cuts across Harrison Cty. along ledge of rock. 19. CORYDON,
on steep hill in center of dairying reg.; several quarries in vie. Corydon was capital
of Ind. Terr. (1813-16) & st capital (1816-25); also scene of Civil War sldrmish with
Gen. Morgan. On steep slopes above crowded downtown sec. are residential streets
lined with white-painted & brick Hs. On lower level are wagon works, lamp-chimney
factory & other plants. Town was platted in 1808 & named by Gen. Harrison for
shepherd in popular "Pastoral Elegy/* PTS. OF INT.: Market St. bet. Beaver &
Walnut Sts., Old Corydon Capitol, St Mem. (181 l-12.O.sm.fee.rest 1929), built of
local blue limestone & handhewn timber. W. end of Cherry St, Posey Mansion (O.
1811), now D.A.R. Hall; Pioneer Mus. Col. Thos. L. Posey cared for many orphans
here. Market & Chestnut Sts., Kintner Hotel, now business bldg.; Morgan's hqs.
when he raided town in 1863. N. of Keller St., on Market St, Cedar Glade, where
Confed. Gen, left Lady Morgan, ancestor of noted race horses.
27. ^ WHITE CLOUD (trlr.camps.cabins). Near-by are Wyandotte Caves (hotels,
cabins.guided tours.fee), among largest in the world, extending for 25 miles on 5
levels. Monumental Mt, one of tallest underground formations. Pillar of the Con-
stitution, biggest known stalagmite. 28. J. with St462, which leads (S) 3 m to Har-
rison Cty. St. For. (camp.pic.shelterh.), more than 15,000 as. 34. LEAVENWORTH,
rebuilt town on relocated hy., looking down on old site wrecked by 1937 flood.
Founded in 1818 in bowl-shaped valley, it was busy port for many yrs. Here St.62
unites with St.66.
SIDE TRIP: On St.66 (N) 12m to Marengo, resort center in reg. of limestone caves &
mineral springs. Marengo Cave (fee.guided tours).
42. SULPHUR, St.66 turns (S) here, running close to R. to Evansville.
SIDE TRIP: On St.66 (S) 1.5m to White Sulphur Springs (f.h.cabins), popular resort
St.62 unites with St.37 as far as ST. CROIX, 49. Here St37 turns (S) through the
Lincoln country in Ind. (see below). Main tour cont (W) over St62, some distance
from R.
SIDE TRIP: On St.37 (S) through Peny Cty., heavily forested hill country, with a few
old-fashioned villages. 27m Tell City (ferry), sett 1857 by Swiss colony. Among street
names are Steuben, Schiller, Pestalozzi & Mozart.
On St.66 (S) 3m from Tell City to Cannelton. 5m Lafayette Springs, near which Lafayette
camped in 1825, when his steamer struck a rock & sank. Lincoln's family made 1st
stop in Ind. near same spot in 1816.
64. On St.62, ST. MEINRAD (1854), German Cath. town. Among craggy mils
above it is Benedictine Abbey, builf of local sandstone by Benedictines. Abbey Ch.
492 OHIO RIVER TOUR INDIANA
(Romanes.) has several chapels with fine stained-glass & Ital. altars. On forest Rd.
is Monte Cassino Chapel (1868). 68. J. with Stl62.
SIDE TRIP: On SU62 (N) 4m to Ferdinand, another German Cath. community; seat of
Convent of the Immaculate Conception. Ch. (Romanes.), with campanile & dome. On
St284 (E) 6m from Ferdinand to Ferdinand St. For. (f.h.boatpic.) & Fish Hatchery (O).
75. DALE. St.62 unites (S) with St.45. 79. GENTRYVTLLE, where Lincoln was
clerk in store of James Gentry. SU62 leads (E) 2 m to Lincoln City, on part of the
Lincoln farm. Lincoln St Pk. (sm.fee.pic.camp.recr.area); trls. to Nancy Hanks
Lincoln Mem., at grave of Lincoln's mother, & to Site of Lincoln Cabin. Near
Pigeon Creek Bapt Ch. (O) is grave of Lincoln's sister, Sarah. On St. 162 (E) 5 m from
Lincoln City is Santa Claus, where Christmas mail is postmarked by the ton- Santa
Claws Pk.
83. St.45 turns (S). Tour cont. on St.62.
SIDE TRIP: On St.45 (S) 12m to Rockport, sett, in 1807. Here Lincoln attended court &
found a wider world than Pigeon Creek afforded. Lincoln Pioneer Vfflage (sm.fee) has
reprods. of Pigeon Cr. Bapt Ch,, Schoolh., Lincoln Cabin, Brown's Inn & pioneer Hs.
L. Alda <pic.boats). Ferry to Maceo, Ky.
97. BOONVELLE, platted in 1818. Ratliflc Boon EL At NE. edge of town is Scales L.
St For. (f .boatpic.).
110. EVANSV1LLE
Fulton Ave. & Ohio St, Union Sta.; Division St. & Elsis Ave., Southern RR. Sta.;
Franklin St & 6th Ave., HI. Cent RR. Sta. Sycamore & 3rd Sts., Bus Terminal. Air-
port, (N) 5m on US41 (new port, 1949, planned). Good accoms.; many pks. & play-
grounds. Dade Pk. Race Track (Aug.-Sept). Symphony; theaters, stage & screen &
Little Theater. Info.: C. of C., 410 3rd & Main Bldg.
Evansville, seat of Evansville College, has fine harbor on narrow loop of Ohio R. It
is 5th largest city in st & only metropolitan center within radius of 100 miles. Main
St runs (NE) from Dress Plaza, city's front on R., & Evansville-Henderson Bridge
(free) links the states. Pop. is almost wholly native born. A small village grew up
here around Col. Hugh McGary's log cabin (1812) & ferry. In 1818, Gen. Rbt
Evans bought a section, & Evans' Town was platted. River traffic grew enormously,
& soon shipyards, foundries, sawmills, flour mills & other industries came. Suc-
cessive floods, cholera epidemics & financial panics brought death & disaster, but
city struggled through bad periods & rebuilt. Gov.-sponsored levee has lessened
danger from R., & city ranks high in pub. health. Besides being nat refrigeration
center, Evansville has some 200 industries, incl. metal-working, plastics, food &
textiles.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) Dress Plaza & Sunset Pk^ along river front (2) Joseph & Ohio
Sts., Mead Johnson Riyer-Rail-Tnick Terminal. (3) Mesker Pk. Dr. & Bement Ave.,
Mesker Miin* Pk* (f.pic.playfields.amusements). Mun. Zoo, one of finest in U.S.;
African Veldt & Monkeys' Ship, replica of "Santa Maria." (4) Ingle & Carpenter Sts.,
Wfllard Carpenter H. (1848.Georg.), home of Amer. Legion post. (5) 216 W. 2nd
St, Mus. of Fine Arts & Hist (O). (6) Court St bet 1st & 2nd Sts., Soldiers &
Sailors Mem. Coliseum (O.Gr.Rev.). (7) Morton Ave. bet. Franklin & Division Sts.,
Servel, Inc. (O), org. in Evansville in 1926, pioneer in commercial refrigeration &
air-conditioning. Other plants are Seeger Refrigerator Co., Internat. Harvester, &
Schnake, Inc., (8) Penn. St. bet. S. Lemke & St. Joseph Ave., Mead Johnson & Co.
(0), makers of infant & dietary foods. (9) Another large food industry is Igleheart
Bros. (O.appL); flour mills. (10) Rotherwood & Lincoln Aves., Evansville College
(Metjbu), coed.; founded at Moores Hill, Ind., in 1854; degrees in liberal arts, nursing,
medical & industrial technology. "Urban pattern" of education is stressed, with
cooperation of local organizations. Adm. Hall (O); pioneer, Ind., geol. & biol. colls.
J. with US41 (see) & St.66.
132. MOUNT VERNON, on another bend of R., resembles Southern town in many
ways; seat of Posey Cty., agric. & oil-producing reg. Near Cth. is Soldiers 5 & Sailors*
Mon., by Rudolph Schwartz, sculptor of similar mon. in Indianapolis (see). J. with
St69, on which main tour cont. (N).
SIDE TRIP: St69 (S) to Hoyey L. Game Preserve, bet Wabash & Ohio Rs. Heron, duck
& other wild fowl congregate in spring, & flora incl. N. & S. species.
146.5. NEW HARMONY, changeless town on Wabash, famous for 2 communal
experiments: Rappite (1815-25) & Owen Community (1925-27). Hundreds of golden
CITIES OF THE CALUMET INDIANA 493
rain trees, planted more than cent ago, fill the air in June with drifting yellow petals.
In 1815, followers of George Rapp came from Pa. & built "Harmonie" on 30,000 as.
The Rappites, who came from Germany in 1805, believed in celibacy & communal
ownership. They cleared fors., drained swamps & planted fields & vineyards. In
1825, their leaders sold Harmonie to Rbt Owen (1771-1858), Welsh humanitarian,
author of "A New View of Society" (1816). Harmonie seemed ideal place for a
"New Moral World" (title of his journal), based on cooperative effort & advanced
educational facils. One of most influential of the early teachers was Wm. Maclure,
later 1st pres. of Phila. Academy of Natural Science & "father of American geology/'
The colony failed (1827), but New Harmony became cultural center, & many
liberal colonies derived from it
FTS. OF INT.: Main St. bet. Church & Granary Sts., Community HL (1816-22),
typical Rappite bldg., in Pa. Dutch style. Another is Tavern on Church St. bet
Main & Brewery Sts. West St. bet. Church & Granary Sts., Old Fauntleroy H. (O.
1815), home of Owen & other leaders. Here Minerva Club, 1st org. women's club
in Amer., was founded in 1859 by granddaughter of Rbt. Owen. Main & Church
Sts., Rapp-Machire H. (O.I 8 14), surrounded by golden rain trees; built for Father
Rapp & remod, by Maclure. Tavern & West Sts., WorMngmen's last (O); Lib. &
Mus. org. in 1838. Dr. Edw. Murphy built and endowed lib. & several similar insti-
tutions benefited under his will. Next door is Murphy Auditorium. J. with St.66,
alt route. 147. Bridge crosses Wabash R., IND.-ILL. LINE.
CITIES OF THE CALUMET INDIANA
The Calumet (Gary, Hammond, East Chicago & Whiting), a physical & industrial
unit massed against L. Mich., is most concentrated industrial development in the
world. This "smoke-blinded, taut, metallic jungle" (Gunther in "Inside U.S.A.") is
crowded with factories, forges, mills, refineries, steel towers & bridges, docks &
RR. tracks. It is considered part of Greater Chicago, & city planning is done in
cooperation with that city's Planning Commission. The name derives from Fr.
word for "reed," & pipes made by Potawatomi from reeds growing along R. were
later called "calumets."
GARY
RR. Stas.: Broadway & 3rd Ave., Union Depot; Chase St. & W. 5th Ave., Pa. R3L;
1045 Broadway, M.C. RR.; 901 Broadway, Wabash RR.; 4100 Adams St., Nickel
Plate Rd. 470 Broadway, Union Bus Depot. Chicago Airport is 1 hr. drive from
Gary; book passage at Travel Bur., 470 Broadway. Accoms. Sports facils. in Marquette
& other pks.; bath, beach. Info.: C. of C, in Gary Hotel, Broadway & 6th Ave.
Gary, 3rd among Ind. cities, home of main plant of U.S. Steel, has grown in less
than 50 yrs. from group of tar-papered shacks to metropolis with planned resi-
dential dists. & school system of nat. note. Business sec. around J. of Broadway &
5th Ave. has been built up largely since 1921. Along 9th Ave., S. of Wabash RR.
tracks, are neighborhood centers of many foreign-born groups & large Negro pop.
Larger industrial plants are separated from rest of city by Calumet R. In 1905,
Judge Elbert H. Gary chose duneland site for U.S. Steel plant, & soon sand mts.
were being levelled, river rechanneled, & site for plant raised 15 feet. A city of
bleak shacks on narrow, sandy streets housed thousands of workers. In 1921 even
the more substantial bldgs. were razed & a planned city created. Labor relations
also have developed from early paternalism to union contract; outstanding events
were A.F. of L. steel strike in 1919 & reorganization under C.I.O. in 1937. Work-
study-play school system was begun by the late Dr. Wm. Wirt.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) N. Broadway, Gary (U.S.) Steel Works (tours). In coke plants,
1,000 ovens & 12 blast furnaces are grouped beyond huge ore & limestone yards.
Spectacular features are ore-loading docks, open-hearth furnaces, & rolling &
wheel mills. On N. Buchanan St. are Sheet & Tin Mills (tours). (2) In Buffington, on
L. Mich., Universal Atlas Cement Co. (tours on appl.), U.S. Steel subsidiary. (3)
2700 E. 5th Ave., Union Drawn Steel Co., Republic Steel Corp. (4) 716 E. 5th Ave.,
Sun Motor Co., builders of airplane engines. (5) Grand Blvd., on L. Mich., Mar-
quette Pk. (pic.beaches.recr.facils.), beginning of dunes. Statue of Pere Marquette.
(6) 220 W. 5th Ave., Pub. Lib.; outstanding metallurgical coll.
494 FORT WAYNE, INDIANA
HAMMOND
RR. Stas.: 423 Sibley St., for C. & O. & other lines; 475 Plummer St., M.C. RR.; 5310
Oakley Ave., Nickel Plate RR.; 4601 Hohman Ave., Wabash Ry, 4919 Hohman Aye.,
Greyhound Bus Sta.; 5036 Hohman Ave., Union Bus Depot. Accoms. Recr. facils.,
Wolf & other Ls. (swim.). Cook Cty. For. Preserve, at W. limits. Info.: 423 Fayette
St, C. of C.
Hammond, next in size to Gary, is a strange-looking town, cut (E-W) by Calumet R.
& its downtown crossed by network of RR. tracks. It was the big town in 1900 & a
leading meat-packing center. In 1869, Geo. H. Hammond came from Mich, to est.
a slaughter house in the settlement, bringing with him the idea of a refrigerator car
invented in Detroit for shipment of fish. A few mos. later, an iced car packed with
dressed beef arrived in Boston, the beginning of present-day shipping methods. With
development of Calumet dist, other industries were est. here, incl. printing & book-
binding & manufacture of corn syrup, RR. equipment, surgical supplies & steel
products. PTS. OF INT.: (1) 601 Conkey Ave., Conkey Printing Plant (O.appL). (2)
1271 Indianapolis Blvd., Lever Bros. Plant (O), makers of soap flakes. (3) 1 13th Ave.
& Roby Sts., Arner. Maize Products Plant (O). Other big plants are Pullman Stand-
ard Car Mfg. Co. & Amer. Steel Foundries. (4) Hohman St. & Michigan Ave.
Pub. lib.; special chemistry, steel & petroleum colls.
EAST CHICAGO
RRs.: Mich. Ave. <& Guthri St., Pa. RR.; Watling & Regent Sts., N.Y.C. RR. & B.&O.
RR. 3448 Guthrie, Harbor Bus Depot. Accoms, Recr. facils. in several pks, Info.:
4618 Magoun Ave., C. of C.
East Chicago, incl. Indiana Harbor, is almost wholly given over to industry, the
sky being blood-red at night & the air in the daytime gray with smoke & strong with
smell of gas & oil. Steel works, rolling mills, refineries, RR. car shops, blast fur-
naces, packing plants & plate mills reach down from the L. & line Calumet R.
Pop. is about 75% native-born, incl. thousands of Negroes. City has good sch. <fe
lib. system, many churches & theaters, & some 350 clubs. E. Chicago was inc. in
1889, when Standard Oil Co. built world's largest oil refinery in adj. Whiting, ex-
tended later into E. Chicago. 1st steel mill was built in 1901, & work began almost
immediately on Indiana Harbor & Ship Canal, which receives both ocean & L.
vessels at 5 m stretch of wharves. PTS. OF INT.: (1) 3210 Watling St., Inland Steel
Co. (O.appl.), 1st in Calumet. (2) 3301 Indianapolis Blvd., Sinclair Refinery (O.
appL). (3) 4343 Kennedy Ave., Harbison-Walker Refractories (O), makers of silica
firebrick. (4) Cline Ave., Cudahy Packing Co. (tours). (5) Grand Blvd. bet 42nd &
44th Sts., Washington Pk.; only zoo in Calumet; Stadium.
WHITING, (Through RR. & bus conns. Accoms. & recr. facils. Concert halls),
although home of Standard Oil of Ind. refineries, is much smaller than other
Calumet cities & is unlike them in other respects. Originally a German settlement, it
has present pop. 90% foreign born or of foreign descent (1940). Civic life is colored
by these varied racial groups, their love of cleanliness & sociability &, notably, of
music. Lake Front Pk. has excellent recr. facils. Wolf L* (f .). Standard Ave. & Front
St, Standard Oil Co. (tours on appL).
FORT WAYNE INDIANA
FORT WAYNE
^ S ^ S ^ Ha ^?^ *$**%> WL: Grand St bet Harrison & Calhoun Sts.,
Wabash RR.; 912 Cass ; St, N Y.C. RR.; Superior & Calhoun Sts., L. Erie & Ft. Wayne
Nickel Plate & other lines. Jefferson St., bet. Harrison & Webster Sts., Bus Sta. Air-
port; 7.5m (SW), Baer Field. Hotels & tourist accoms. Numerous pks. & playgrounds,
L eble " C1ViC ^^ ** MUS ' Lin
Fort Wayne (inc. 1829), st's 2nd city, is on site of capital city of the Miami & of 1st
ft in Ind., an active factor in development of Northwest. City's importance derives
from strategic position at meeting of St. Joseph & St. Mary's Rs. to form the
Maumee. A 7^ portage at this pt. once linked Great Ls. & Miss. R. Also it is center
of a ncn agnc. & industrial area, a few hrs. from Indianapolis, Chicago, Detroit &
Toledo, gowntown dist., with Calhoun its main st, is just (S) of confluence of Rs.
Clinton St. (US27-US33) runs N-S through city, & Washington St (US30-US21) is
main fc-W artery. On the 3 waterways, bridged at many pts., are pub. pks. & resi-
FORT WAYNE, INDIANA 495
dential sees.; Foster Pk. Dr., along St. Mary's R., broadening into Foster Pk., is one
of most attractive roads. Pop. is predominantly native-bora. City has country's
largest gasoline pump & tank plants; other products are electrical equipment, wire
coils & truck bodies. Ft Wayne is known as one of most solidly unionized cities in
Ind.
Probably La SaUe portaged here in 1669. Ft Miami, est on St. Mary's R. in late
17th cent, was a principal trading post for 100 yrs. Ft. was surrendered to Brit, in
1760, taken by Pontiac but soon retaken by Brit. After Rev., Gen. Jos. Harmar est
another post at Miami Town, but the forces of Little Turtle were too strong for
him &, later, for Gen. St. Clair. Then, in 1794, Anthony Wayne built a stockade
across R. & made a treaty with Inds. Capt. Wm. Wells, Ind. agent, & the intelligent
Little Turtle kept Miami out of Tecumseh's confederacy. Ft was evacuated in
1819, & shortly afterward Judge Sam. Hanna & Jas. Barnett set up post & gristmill
Settlement was rapid. Tanneries, mills, distilleries & boatyards flourished. The Miami
were removed to Kansas in 1846, but their leader, Fr.-Ind. Jean Baptiste Richard-
ville, who had persuaded them to cede lands, remained in brick house given him by
Gov. Chief Francis La Fontaine (see), his son-in-law, led his tribesmen out of the
valley. Ft. Wayne was important Underground Sta.
PTS. OF INT. DOWNTOWN: (1) 1026 Berry St. Art Scfa. & Mns. (O), founded in
1888. J. Otis Adams & other prominent Indiana artists were assoc. with sch. (2)
1301 S. Harrison St., Lincoln Mus. (O.wks.), at Lincoln Nat. Life Co. Hqs.; lifework
of Dr. L. A. Warren, curator since 1928 under Lincoln Nat Life Foundation. Coll.
is said to be one of largest in world about any person, incl. more than 12,000
books & thousands of photographs, paintings, sculptures, letters. In plaza is Statue
of Lincoln (by Paul Manship), as a Hoosier boy. (3) 301 W. Wayne St, Pnfo Lib.
(also Cty.); special colls, of music, costume & local hist (4) Calhoun St., bet. Lewis &
Jefferson Sts., Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Cath.Goth.). (5) 601 W.
Berry St, Trinity Ch. (Episc.) with notable altar. (6) 116 E. Berry St, Lincoln Bank
BIdg. (mod.observ.tower), tallest in city. (7) Main & Clay Sts., Old Ft, Pk., site of
2nd Amer. ft (1815-57). Soldiers' Mon. (8) Clay & Berry Sts., Site of 1st Amer. Ft
(1794).
PTS. OF INT. on ST. MARY'S R.: (9) In Swinney Pk., Jefferson & Garden Sts.,
Allen Cty.-Ft Wayne Hist Mus. (O.exc.Mon.), in Swinney Homestead (1844). In
Pk., N. of St24, is Site of Portage* Johnny Appleseed Mem. (10) N. of W. Main St,
Aqueduct (ruins) of W. & E. Canal. (11) Beyond Aqueduct, Site of Ft Miami, aban-
doned for site on St. Joseph R. (see below). (12) 616 W. Superior St, McCulloch H.
(1838.CoLremod.), built for Hugh McCulloch, Sec. of Treas. in Lincoln's cabinet.
OTHER PTS. OF INT.: (13) E. bank of St Joseph R., at Delaware Ave., Site of
Post Miami, Fr. ft. surrendered to Brit, in 1760. (14) E. of Parnell Ave., in Archer
Cemetery, Grave of Johnny Appleseed (see). (15) Harmar St & Maumee Ave., in
Hayden Pk., Statue of Gen. Wayne (1918.by C.E.Mulligan). (16) Lewis & Gay Sts.,
Samuel Hanna H. (O), former home of city founder; now Children's Mus. & crippled
children's school. (17) Washington & Anthony Blvd., Concordia College (Jr.) &
Theological Seminary (Luth.). (18) Wayne Trace at New Haven Ave., Marker on
route of armies. (19) On US30 at E. edge of city, Mem. Pk. Among Industrial Plants
(O) are: (20) General Electric Co., plants on Broadway, Winter & Taylor Sts. Along
Bueter Ave.: (21) 3 m (SE) from downtown, Internal Harvester Co., city's 2nd
largest industry. (22) Magnavox Co., Home Plant (23) Zollner Machine Works,
makers of aluminum pistons. (24) 3700 E. Pontiac St, Farnsworth Television &
Radio Corp.
TRIPS OUT OF FORT WAYNE. I. US27 (N) 44^ to Angola. Via: Garrett, Auburn,
Waterloo, Pleasant L. US27 (Clinton St.) runs past Ft Wayne Speedway, a half-
mile beyond limits; race tracks. Exposition Pk. 19 m Garrett, small industrial center.
24^ Auburn, oldest town in DeKalb Cty. Warner Automotive Plant 29.5 m Waterloo,
tourist center at edge of L. reg. 44^ Angola, popular with fishermen, vacationists
& tourists (all kinds of accoms. in vie.).
Trip cont to Pokagon St Pk. (Potawatomi Inn), L. James & other large Ls. (see
US20) & to Ind.-Mich. Line, 52.5 m .
IL US27 (S) 38 m to Geneva. Via: Middletown, Decatur, Berne. Hy. parallels Wayne
Trace for more than 20 m , route of Gen. Wayne after Battle of Fallen Timbers (see)
4% INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA
& of Gen. Harrison when he came to defense of Ft Wayne in 1812. 11.5 m Middle-
town. Reminder of stagecoach era is Ruch Tavern (1851). 18 m Momnouth, sugar-
beet center. 21 m Decatur, once home of Gene Stratton Porter. 27 m J, with St. 124.
SIDE TRIP: On St.124 (W) 9m to J. with St201, which leads (S) short distance to J.
with Rd. (SE) into Wells Cty, St Far. (pic.facils.shelterh.); preserve for wildfowl, deer,
bear, raccoon. Wildlife Display.
33 m Berne, founded by Swiss Mennonites; publishing house & bookstore for Men-
nonite General Conference. Near Geneva, 38 m , is Limberlost St Mem. (sm.fee),
incl. cabin in which Gene Stratton Porter lived 1886-1913 (see also Rome City on
US20). The swamp, now drained, was setting for "Song of the Cardinal" & other
books that have been read by millions.
HI. US24 (W) 26 m to Huntington. Via: Roanoke.
US24 follows Washington Blvd. across St. Mary's R., then (SW) along Little Wabash.
R. in heart of Miami country, 11, 5 m Vermiiyea Tavern, most popular inn in canal
days. 26 m Huntington (see US24), seat of Huntington College. Mem. Pk.
iy. US33 50m (NW) to Benton. Via: Churubusco, Merriam, Wolflake, Kimmell,
Ligonier. US33 is pleasant route through Eel R. valley where Little Turtle was born,
then crosses reg. of st's largest Ls. to Amish & Mennonite communities around
Goshen (see). 15^ Chorubusco, named for battle in Mex. War. 20 J. with Stl02,
which runs (W & S) to Tri-Lakes St. Fish Hatchery (pic.camp.cottages.iswim). 23 m
Merriam. J. with St.9., the route (N) through Noble Cty. lake reg. 28 m Wolflake,
named when wolves howled around cabins in for. 33 m Kimmell, in marshy onion-
producing area. 39 m Ligonier, on Elkhart R. Many townspeople are descended from
early Jewish settlers. Grave of Nath. Prentice, who was with Washington at Valley
Forge. 50 m Benton, surrounded by large dairy, wheat & general farms of Amish &
Mennonites,
INDIANAPOLIS INDIANA
S. Illinois St. & McCrea PL, Union (RR.) Sta. N. Illinois & W. Market Sts., Terminal
Bus Sta. Off US40 (SW) &* Weir Cook Airport. Ample accoms. Sports events at
Motor Speedway, St. Fairgrounds, Victory Field & Butler Stadium. Golf & other recr.
facils. in numerous pks., incl. Broad Ripple (amusement). Theaters (stage & screen).
Symphony Orchestra, Summer opera. Internal. Automobile Race (Mem. Day). 777 N.
Meridian St, Nat. Hqs. of Amer. Legion. Info.: 320 N. Meridian St., C. of C.
Indianapolis is country's largest city not on navigable water & 2nd-largest St capital
city (Boston 1st). It is also St's RR., hy. & banking center & leading market for
corn, grain & livestock; hqs. of Bobbs-Merrill Co., publishers. Atmosphere & tempo,
however, are much the same as in other Hoosier towns, partly because it has ex-
panded gradually over level plain, its industrial plants are scattered & labor supply
comes from rural communities. Less than 3% of pop. is foreign born. Cultural in-
stitutions are Butler Univ., Ind. Cent. College, 4 Sens, of Ind. Univ., Arthur Jordan
Conserv. of Music, John Herron Art Sch., Symphony Orchestra & Civic Theater,
When capital site was chosen in 1821, a few cabins & Ind. villages made up the
Fal Cr. settlement Alex. Ralston, assistant to L'Enfant in planning Washington,
D. C., plotted orig. "mile square" around Governor's Circle (now Mon. Circle),
witL main aves. radiating from it Washington St. (E-W) is business thoroughfare.
Meridian St (S-N), with slum dist at lower end, broadens into residential ave.
Only a few tall structures stand out among downtown gov. & business bldgs. To (N)
are Butler Univ., Fall Cr. Pky, & numerous pks., playgrounds & residential areas.
Indiana Ave. leads (W) to crowded Negro sac. (more than 11% of pop.). In 1830
the Nat. Rd. crossed Indianapolis, & in 1853 the 1st union RR. sta. in U.S. was
built The rustic capital boomed with the Civil War & sank with the 1873 depression,
but industrialization had begun. 1st convention of Greenback party was held here
in 1874. It was leading automotive center until giant corporations developed on
natural waterways. During 20th cent, city became important meat-packing &
market center & seat of some 900 industrial plants. It was an "open shop" town
until late in 1930*s. Probably greatest "Konklave" of Ku Klux Klan was held in
Indianapolis on July 4, 1923. In 1928, "Indianapolis Times" received Pulitzer Prize
for exposure of corruption in St
PTS. OFINT. DOWNTOWN: (1) Center of Mon. Circle, Soldiers' Mon. (1867-1901.
O.sm.fee), 285' shaft surmounted by 38' "Victory" (observ.platform). Bronze statues
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA 497
(by Geo.T.Brewster) of Clark & Govs. Harrison, WMtcomb & Morton; granite
sculptures (by Rudolph Schwartz) symbolic of war & peace. (2) On Circle (NE),
Christ Episc. Gbu (1858.spire 1869.Eng.Goth.). (3) W. of Circle, Ind. State H. (1878.
O.wks.), in 9-a. pk.; limestone bldg. with Corinthian colonnades, topped by copper
dome. St. Mus. (O.wks.) has Tarleton Coll. of swords & knives. (4) On Ohio St. N. of
Circle, U.S. Cth. & P.O. (Class.). (5) 140 N. Senate St., State Lib. (1934.O.wks.);
coll. has many books in Braille. Ind. Hist. Bureau (6) World War Mem. Plaza, ex-
tending 5 blocks (N) from New York St, bet. Meridian & Pennsylvania Sts.: Univ.
Pk., set aside for univ. in 1827; Depew Mem. Fountain (by A. Sterling Calder).
Shrine Bldg. (1927.O.wks.); on S. stairway is bronze "Pro Patria," by Hering; on top
floor. Shrine of the Flag. Altar top is mosaic of colored enamels showing eagle,
shield & other emblems. Obelisk Sq. t paved court around black-granite obelisk.
Cenotaph, black-granite mem. to dead of World War I. (7) N. of Cenotaph Sq.,
Amer. Legion Nat. Hqs. (1925.neo-Class.). (8) Meridian & North Sts., Scottish Kite
Cathedral (1929-Tudor Goth.O.Sataft). In 212' tower is fine carillon of 63 bells.
(9) 40 E. St Clair St. Pub. Lib. (1917. Doric.by Paul Cret). (10) 1150 N. Meridian
St., Children's Mus. (O); exhibits in natural science, hist & art (11) 528 Lockerbie
St Jas. Whitcomb Riley H. (O.Vict), where some of most popular poems were
written; period furnishings. (12) Pennsylvania & 15th Sts., John Herron Art Mus.
(1906.mod.Ren.) & Art School. Paintings by Hassam & other Amer. artists; Cezanne,
Seurat, Van Gogh, Hobbema, Cuyp.
OTHER PTS. OF INT.: (13) Bet. Mich. & 10th Sts., E. of White R., Ind. Univ.
Medical Center, incl. Riley Hospital for Crippled Children, Univ. Medical & Dental
Schools. (14) 4001 Otteryein Ave., IndL Central College (United Brethren), coed.;
opened in 1905; incl. Liberal Arts & Teachers Colleges, Conservatory & Bible
Institute. (15) Garfield Dr. & Shelby St., Garfield Pk.; L. Sullivan, sunken gardens,
lagoon, open-air theater. (16) S. of 38th St. near Riverside Dr. Riverside Pk., city's
largest St Fish Hatchery. (17) 1230 N. Delaware St., Benj. Harrison H. (O.sm.fee.
1872.Regency); period furnishings. (18) Sunset Ave. & W. 46th St, 5 m N. from
downtown, Butler Univ. (coed.) has 246-a. campus in former Fair-field Pk.; founded
by Ovid Butler & Henry W. Beecher as Northwestern Christ. Univ. in 1855. Incl.
Univ. College, Colleges of Liberal Arts, Education, Business Admin. & Pharmacy,
School of Religion & Graduate Division. (19) W. 34th St., Crown HS11 Cemetery.
Graves of Pres. Benj. Harrison, J. W. Riley, Kin Hubbard, & Vice Presidents Chas.
Fairbanks & Thos. Marshall. (20) 2402 Cold Spring Rd., Carmelite Monastery
(lobby O.1832.Med.). (21) 2400 W. 16th St, Motor Speedway (1909.O.wks.); Mem.
Day races. (22) 38th St. off Fall Cr. Pky., Fairgrounds, scene of one of largest st
fairs. Coliseum. (23) 1500 Kentucky Ave., Stockyard (O.wks.), one of largest in
U.S.; opened in 1877. (24) Georgia & Blackford Sts., Kingen & Co. Meat Packing
Plant (25) S. Alabama St, Eli Lilly Co. Plant, large pharmaceutical manufacturer.
(26) 611 Park Ave., Real Silk Hosiery Mills, (27) Beach Grove Shops of Big Four-
N.Y.C. RR.
TRIPS OUT OF INDIANAPOLIS: I. US36 (W) 20 m to Danville (sett.1824), seat
of Canterbury College, only coed. Episc. college in U.S. Until May, 1946, it was
known as Cent Normal College (est 1878). Seminary Bldg. (1829), of early Dan-
ville Academy.
H. US36, St.67, St.9 (NE) 35 m to Anderson. Via: Ft Benj. Harrison & Fortville.
Follow Mass. Ave. to J. with US36-St67. 11.5 m L with Post Rd. (N) to Ft. Benj.
Harrison (est 1903), large Army post; modern air field. 20^ Fortville. 26 m Ind. St
Reformatory. Just (S) of Huntsville, 29 m , US36 turns (E), & trip cont (N) on St.67
to J. with St.9, which leads (N). 35 m Anderson (through RR. & bus conns, accoms.),
large industrial center; seat of Anderson College & Theological Seminary; platted
in 1823 & named for "Capt Anderson," Delaware chief of village that occupied
site. After several false starts, discovery of natural gas in 1880's brought a real boom
to the town. One of most publicized sit-down strikes occurred in Anderson's G. M.
plants in 1936. PTS. OF INT.: Arrow Ave. & 25th St, Guide Lamp Co. (O), G. M.
subsidiary. 25th St & Columbus Ave., Delco-Remy Division of G. M. (O). Orig.
factory was est. in 1895 by Remy brothers. Union Ave. & 5th St., Gospel Trumpet
Co., probably largest publisher of religious material in U.S. Union Ave. & 5th St.,
Anderson College & Theological Seminary (Ch. of God), coed, liberal arts college,
est. in 1917. From Anderson, on St.32 (E) 4 m , is Mounds St. Pk. (f.camp.pic.
498 US 20 ILLINOIS
recr.facils.refreshments), along White R.; some of country's most unusual prehist.
mounds, incl. one 1,200' around & 9' high. Wildlife Sanctuary.
HI. US40 (E) 2 1 331 to Greenfield* Via: Cumberland & Philadelphia. Tourist camps.
Trip to birthpL of Jas. Whitcomb Riley is through country such as he described in
his poetry. Riley Mem, Pk. (see US40 for description of trip).
IV. US40 (W) & St.43 (N) 44^ to Greencastle. Via: PlainfieH StilesviUe. Trip to
De Pauw Univ. passes numerous small trade centers. 14 m Plainfield, reg. hqs. &
yrly. meeting place (Aug.) of Soc. of Friends. Indiana Boys' School, est in 1867 as
reform sen. Mas. 18.5 m Belleville, popular tourist stop. 28 m Stilesville. 39 m J. with
St.43, on which trip cont (N). 44 m Greencastle, seat of De Pauw Univ., est. in 1837
by Meth. Episc. Ch.; degrees in liberal arts & music. Alumni incl. Chas. A. Beard,
historian; Albert J. Beveridge, U.S. Sen.; & Wm. Wirt, creator of work-play-study
school system in Gary (see).
V. St.29 (SE) 28 m to Sfaelbyvffie. Via: New Bethel & Pleasant View. Route follows
path of Mich. Rd. (Ohio R. to Gt. Ls.) through mostly unspoiled rural scenery. Old-
fashioned customs linger among scattered pop. 9 m New Bethel. Big event is Marion
Cty. Fair. Hy. crosses Brandywine Cr. to Shelbyville, 28 m , on Big Blue R.; home of
Thos. A. Hendricks, Gov. & U.S. Sen., & of Chas. Major (1856-1913), author of
"When Knighthood Was in Flower." Shelbyville is seat of st. ? s richest corn cty. RR,
Marker, (S) l m from town, comm. 2nd RR. W. of Alleghenies (1834.erroneously
marked "1st"), which traveled over iron straps nailed to wooden tracks.
VI. On SL135 (S) 34^ to Nashville (see St.46), artists' colony near Brown Cty. St.
Pk. US31 & other good Rds. run from Indianapolis into scenic Brown & Monroe
counties & Hoosier Nat. For. Purchase Unit (accoms. of all kinds in st. pks. &
villages.
VII. US31 (S) 22 m to Franklin. Via: Greenwood & Whiteland. Route crosses cen-
ter of tomato-growing belt. 10 m Greenwood, canning center. 22 m Franklin, canning
& trade center & college town. In late summer, workers flood into town to pick &
pack tomatoes, living in all kinds of shacks & shelters. In Cth.; Johnson Cty. Mas.
(O). Franklin College was founded by Indiana Bapt. Education Soc. & opened in
1837; became st's 1st coed, college in 1842. Main Bldg. (1843).
VIII. St.37 (SW) 30 m to Martinsville. St.37 follows White R. for part of route. 17^
Waverly (sett. 18 37). 28 m Grassyfork Fisheries (O), where millions of goldfish are
bred in 1,000 pools; also lilies & other aquatic plants. 30 m Martinsville, widely
known spa; large modern sanatoria. BirthpL of Paul V. McNutt, Gov. & Commis-
sioner of Philippines,
US 20 ILLINOIS
HJL-IND. LINE (Whiting, Ind.) (W) to ILL.-IOWA LINE (Dubuque, Iowa). 199.
US20
Via: Chicago, La Grange, Elgin, Marengo, Belvidere, Rockford, Freeport, Stockton,
Galena, E. Dubuque. Hotels in cities; cabins & camp sites.
US20 enters on Dunes Hy. from Calumet dist. in Ind. & follows stagecoach route
across low NE. sec. & then through Fox, Rock & Apple R. valleys. In unglaciated
NW., lead-mining center in 19th cent., are picturesque limestone cliffs & wooded
gorges. 0. IN1X LINE. (Chi. limits), tour turns (W) on 95th St. Pkwy. 4. J. with
Stony I. Ave. Here hy. forks. [City 20 cont. (N) to Grant Pk., then (W). See Chi.
Trip IV.] Beyond J., the C. & N.W. RR. yards offer dramatic spectacle of stream-
lined trams distributed over some 60 tracks by electrically operated system. 18.
US20 turns (N), united with US45 across Sanitary & Ship Canal & Des Plaines R.
(see 111. Waterway Tour). 26.5, LA GRANGE* 32. J, with City 20. Tour turns (NW).
54, ELGIN
W. Chi. & State Sts., CM., Milwaukee RR. Sta.; 156 Douglas Ave., Chi. & N.W. RR.
Sta.; 3 E. Chi. St., Chi., Aurora & Elgin RR. Sta. 9 N. Grove St., Union Motor Coach
Sta. Good accoms. Recr. facils. & amusements in large pks. Fox R. (f.boat). Annual
Agric. Fair (Aug.). Info.: Assoc. of Com., 178 E. Chi. St
Elgin, home of world's largest jeweled-watch factory, is in center of richest dairy
reg. in U.S. Fox R. crosses center of town, with attractive pks. along banks. Up-
river is Chain O' Lakes winter & summer resort area. In 1835 Jas. & Hezekiah Gif-
US 20 ILLINOIS 499
ford built cabins here & cut post Rd. to Belvidere (see below). When city was inc.
in 1854, it was already an important dairy center, & Gail Borden made it nationally
known. Besides watches, milk & milk products, Elgin is known for toasters, paper
cartons, auto parts, street sweepers, windmills & religious publications.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) 107 National St., Elgin National Watch Co. (O); founded in
1854. Clock Tower. At 267 S. Grove St. is Elgin Watchmakers College (est. 1920).
Watch & Raymond Sts., Observatory (O.appL), where master clocks are checked to
thousandth of second. (2) Pk. & College Sts., Elgin Academy, jr. college. Main Hall
(1855.Gr.Rey.). (3) Pk. St. & Academy PL, Laura Davidson Sears Academy of Fine
Arts (O.Doric). Coll. incl. Peale, Whistler & other early Amer. paintings; Barbizon
& early Ital. (4) Pk. St., Lord's Pk., along Poplar Cr. Zoo. Audnbon Mus. (O.exc.
holidays May-Oct); good nat. hist., Ind. & pioneer colls. (5) 853 Dundee Ave., HL
Watch Case Co. (O.appL). (6) Grove & Lincoln Aves., Cook Publishing Co., one of
largest publishers of Sunday School material. (7) 16 N. State St., Borden Co. (O.
appl.). Other plants are McGraw Electric Co., makers of Toastmaster; Elgin Mfg.
Co. (O); Shedd-Bartush Foods, Inc.; Elgin Sweeper Co. & Haeger Potteries (O), in
Dundee (N).
In country (W), farmhouses & well-painted barns & silos stand among great cattle
pastures & fields of corn. 92. BELVIDERE, market town & mfg. center; stagecoach
stop in 1830's.
106. ROCKFORD
RR. Stas.: 815 S. Main St., 111. Cent. RR.; 515 S. Main St., Chi. & NW. RR.; 609 S.
Main St., Milwaukee Rd. & C.B. & Q. RR. 330 Elm St., Union Bus Depot. Ample
accoms. Recr. facils. in extensive pk. system. Art Gallery, Civic Symphony, college
events & concerts by many groups. Theaters (stage & screen, incl. Swedish films) &
Little Theater. Info.: C. of C., in Hotel Faust, W. Jefferson St.
Rockford, 3rd largest city in 111., seat of Rockford College, is highly industrial com-
munity & cultural & trade center for large area. Rock R. winds through center, past
pks., for. preserves & private estates. Large dam supplies water power to many
industrial plants producing machine tools, textiles, hardware, automobile & air-
plane parts & furniture. Rockford was founded in 1834 & sett, by New Englanders.
In early 1850's, J. H. Manny began to manufacture his reaper & mowing machine,
& Chi. & Galena Union RR. was completed. Swedish immigrants arrived in large
numbers & est. co-op, furniture factory. Present pop. is approx. 40% Scand.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) S. Main & Green Sts., Federal Bldg. (1933). (2) Overlooking Kent
Cr., Tinker Chalet (O.certain afts.& on appLsm.fee.1869); period furniture & curios.
(3) 737 N. Main St., Burpee Art Gallery (O), in mansion of Civil War period. Annual
Jury Show (Jan.-Feb.). (4) 813 N. Main St., Natural Hist Mus. (O.exc.Sun.). (5)
N. Main St., in Beattie Pk., Turtle Mound, effigy 150' long. (6) N. 2nd St., Sinnis-
sippi Pk., on Rock R., Sunken Gardens. (7) College Ave. & Seminary St., Rockford
College, ranking liberal arts college for women, one of oldest in U.S. It was char-
tered in 1847 & took present name in 1892. Jane Addams, founder of Hull H.,
received 1st degree conferred. Middle (1852) & Linden (1854) Halls & Chape!
(1866.now Talcott) are in midst of some 30 modern bldgs.
SIDE TRIP: On St.2 (SW) 42m over Black Hawk TrL along Rock. R. to Dixon. Markedly
beautiful valley was home of Sauk & Fox Inds. Black Hawk refused to leave 111. under
terms of treaty made in 1804 (some historians agree with his interpretation), but in 1831
he was induced to sign treaty permitting removal. The following spring, his followers began
to harry border settlements. He says in his autobiography, "My reason tells me that land
cannot be sold.'* His forces were gradually destroyed, & he himself was captured in Wis.
by the Winnebago, who turned him over to Gov. He died in Iowa in 1838. At 15m Byron,
sett, by New Englanders in 183Q's. Near StiUman Valley, (E) 5m on St.72, is HL Soldiers'
Mon. comm. 1st battle in Black Hawk War. At c.23^ Black Hawk Mon. (1911.by Lorado
Taft), gift of sculptor; on high bluff on E. bank in Lowden Hist. Pk. (f.pic.camp.refreshr
ments.). 26^ Oregon. In Pub. Lib. are sculptures & paintings of Eagle Nest Art Colony,
founded by Taft & other artists in 1898. White Pines For. St. Pk. (f.pic.camp.lodge.cabins),
gm (W) from Oregon. 36nx Grand Detour, old village on deep bow of R. John Deere
opened plow factory here in 1841. TrL crosses R. to Dixon (see US30), 42m.
US20 cont. (W) in valley of Pecatonica R. Stephenson & Jo Daviess counties were
untouched by glaciers, & here primeval rock has been eroded into irregular bluffs,
terraces & canyons. Many settlements along route were begun by returning pros-
pectors after rush to Galena (see below) lead mines in 1820*s. Tourist accoms. at
frequent intervals. 134. FREEPORT (through RR. & bus conns, accoms.), fair-
500 US 30 ILLINOIS
sized farm center, known nationally for Structo & Arcade toy-making factories,
also has large Kraft-Phoenix Cheese Corp. plant. Among early settlers were many
Pa. Germans attracted to lead mines. Notable gardens (O.appl.). N. State Ave. &
E. Douglas St., Site of 2nd Lincoln-Douglas Debate, 1858, during which Douglas
formulated "Freeport doctrine'* that a territory had right to exclude slavery.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On St26 (N) 5m to Cedarvifle. (NW) 6m from here to BirihpL of Jane
Addams; grave in burial plot on grounds.
(B) On St.26 (S) 14m to Forreston, scene of annual Sauerkraut Festival (Septfree).
155. STOCKTON. 157. J. with Rd. that leads (N) 5* to Apple R. Canyon St Pk.
(f.pic.camp.). From bluffs along R. is view (W) of Charles Mound (1,241'), highest
pt in DL 169. Hy. crosses Apple R. J. with St.80 (see Miss. R. Tour).
184. GALENA (through RR. & bus conns.hotels & tourist accoms.recr.facils.). City
lies in valley against semicircle of bluffs cut by Galena R. It was 1st important lead-
mining center in Old N.W. Along sts. & stairways climbing the hills are Gr. Rev.
mansions built in 1840*s & 50's when Galena was big town of booming area extend-
ing into Wis. When Gov. took over the lands, & steamboats began to come up Miss.
R.., thousands of prospectors rushed to Middle Border. At its peak, Galena dist.
produced 85 per cent of lead mined in U.S., then world's leading producer. Taverns
were busy, circus & traveling players entertained, whiskey flowed, & wolf & cock
fights were popular. Lead industry began to decline when HI. Cent. RR. made Du-
buque its terminus. Also, the shallower diggings were exhausted. In Ap. 1860, U. S.
Grant came to clerk in his father's store, & a yr. later he departed quietly for Spring-
field to be made colonel in Union Army. In Aug., 1865, he returned in triumph.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) Hill & Prospect St., Grace Episc. Cfa. (1847.Tudor). (2) Bouthil-
lier St., U. S. Grant H. (O.I 857), gift from city, was showplace of Galena. Com-
pletely furnished, incl. china used in White House. (3) 121 High St., First Grant H.,
contrasting in its simplicity with mansion across R. (4) Main & Diagonal Sts., Bow-
ling H. (1828), oldest bldg. (5) Bench & South Sts., Gen. Smith H. (1848.Gr.Rev.),
considered finest in city. (6) S. Bench St, Galena Mus. (0). (7) 512 Park Ave., Jos*
Hoge H. (1845.Gr.Rev.), Southern style.
In wild, rugged country (NW) of Galena are prehist mounds, sites of battles in Ind
wars, abandoned mines. US20 runs down into Miss, bottomlands. 199* E. DU-
BUQUE* Bridge (toll) at ELL.-IA* LINE.
US 30 ILLINOIS
BX.-INIX LINE (Dyer, Ind.) (W) to IDL-IOWA LINE (Clinton, Iowa). 152. US30
Via: Chicago Hts., Joliet, rlainfield, Aurora, Hinckley, (Dixon), Sterling, Morrison,
Fulton.
US30, the Lincoln Hy., runs along W. edge of Greater Chicago, turns (N) to Aurora
& then directly (W) to Miss. R. gorge. A short distance from Ind. Line, hy. forks.
US30 Alt. leads (N) to Grant Pk., then (W) through suburbs & across state to J.
with main tour at Sterling (see Alt Tour below).
6. CHICAGO ETTSL 17. FRANKFORT. 23. NEW LENOX* These suburban com-
munities developed on former marshlands left by prehist. sea.
30* JOLIET
Union & Scott Sts., Union (RR.) Depot 301 N. Ottawa St., Greyhound Bus Sta.; 32
E. Jefferson St., Union Bus Depot. Mun. Airport. Accoms. & recr. facils. Info.: Assoc.
of Com., 436 Clinton St.
Joliet, named for explorer, is notable for its fine homes, schs. & chs., modern bus.
dist & beautiful pk. system. It is one of leading industrial cities of Dl, a RR. & trade
center, crossed by Gt Ls.-Gulf Waterway (see). From time of settlement in 1833,
rich natural resources & potential water power have made it a key city. Among its
150 or more plants are 8 mills producing more than half nation's supply of wall
paper. Otherproducts are steel rods & tanks, wire, furnaces, chemicals & fire brick.
PTS. OF INT.: Wall Paper Mills (O.appL). Chicago St & Doris Ave., Amen Insti-
tute at Laundering (guides), technical & research institute. 303 Taylor St, College
of St Francis (Cath.), accredited women's college. Ottawa & Clinton Sts., Pub. Lib.,
of local limestone. On US30, Pilcher Pk. Arboretum. J. with US6 (see ill. Waterway
Tour) & US66 Alt
US 34 ILLINOIS 501
US30 swings (NW) through open country. 39. PLAINFIELD, where post was est
in 1790 on site of Ind. village. Halfway H. (1834.Gr.Rev.). J. with US66. 48. J. with
US34 (see).
52. AURORA
175 S. Broadway, C.B. & Q. RR. Depot; 51 S. Broadway, C.A & E. RR. Depot & Bus
Sta. Airport (privately operated). Hotels; motor court. Golf, f., boat. & other recr.
facils. at Exposition Pk. (amusements) & other pks. Info.: C. of C., 17 Island Ave.;
Chicago Motor Club, 48 Galena Blvd.
Fox R., dividing line bet. metropolitan area & prairies, runs through heart of
Aurora. On largest of many Is. is city center, incl. City Hall, Lib. & P.O. Several
bridges carry (E-W) aves. over R., & at N. end is Mem. Bridge (1931.by RP.Seidel).
After Black Hawk War, Jos. McCarty, from N.Y., chose site occupied by Pota-
watomi village, & town was platted in 1836. Two communities developed along R.,
& even after city was inc. in 1857, bitter battles were fought City center, on Stolp I.
in middle of R., was the happy solution. Name "Aurora" honors local Ind. chief,
Wabonsie ("morning light"). Burlington RR. shops gave Aurora its biggest impetus
to industrialization. Cultural institutions incl. Aurora College, Toenniges Conserva-
tory of Music, & Marmion Military Academy.
PTS. OF INT.: Oak Ave. & Cedar St., BHst EL (1837.O.Wed.Fri.Sun.aft). On ex-
hibit is 9'-high Blanford Clock, completed around 1913 by Wm. Blanford; shows
time of day, phases of moon & calendar day, month & yr. Oak Ave. & Cedar St.,
Hist Soc. B3dg. (O.1857); pioneer furniture. Gladstone Ave., Aurora College, founded
by Advent Christian Ch. in 1893 in Mendota; evening courses in labor management
& other fields. Along US30 from Parker Ave., Phillips Pk. Mus. & Zoo. Burlington
Shops (O.appL).
Beyond Aurora begin the grasslands that gave HI. name of Prairie State, "as green
& as wild & as wide as the sea," according to pioneer poet At harvest time, modern
machinery reaps the harvest from great acreages of corn & grain; many large dairy
farms. 75. J. with St. 23.
SIDE TRIP: On St.23 (N) 10m to De Kalb, center of barbed-wire industry. Inventor, Jos.
Glidden, & Jacob Haish, holder of patent for mfg. process, had long legal battle over
rights. At 1719 S. 1st St. is Glidden Hospital, & on Oak & N. 3rd Sts., Haish Mem. Lib.
On wooded campus along Kishewaukee R. are bldgs. of N. EL St. Teachers College (1895).
The turreted "Castle on the Hill" is Adm. Bldg.
92. J. with US51 (see). 112. J. with St.26.
SIDE TRIP: On St.26 (N) 6m to Dixon, on Rock IL at end of Black Hawk Trl. (see US20);
center of cement industry. In pk. on Site of Ft. Dixon is Lincoln Mon. (by Leonard Cre-
nelle); at base of bronze statue is plaque comm. John Dixon, "proprietor of the ferry &
tavern here during the Black Hawk War." J. with US30 Alt.
124. J. with St.88, which links US30 & US30 Alt across Rock R. STERLING, on
US30 Alt, & ROCK FALLS, on US30, are linked by dam built in 1857. Pk. on I.
(pic-swim.). 128. J. with St.2, Rock R. Rd. 139. MORRISON (tourist camps & cottages
in vie.). Unionville Mill (O.1858). 150. FULTON. J. with St.80 (see Miss. R. Tour).
Many greenhouses. 152. Bridge (toll) across Miss. R., ILL.-IOWA LINE.
US 34 ILLINOIS
CHICAGO (W) to ELL.-IOWA LINE (Burlington, la.). 231. US34
Via: La Grange, Oswego, Sandwich, Mendota, La Moille, Princeton, Sheffield, Kewanee,
Galva, Galesburg, Monmouth, Biggsvilie.
0. CHICAGO (see). TJS34 crosses metropolitan area & zigzags diagonally across
dairy country & prodigious fields of corn & grain. Along route are several college
towns but few industrial centers. 29. Hy. by-passes NAPERVELLE (see Chicago
Trip HI). 38. J. with US30, (S) 4** from AURORA (see US30). 53. PLANO. Grain
elevators along C.B. & Q. RR. tower above strikingly level fields. Town was sett,
in 1830*s by Quakers from Norway. 77. EARLVILLE. J. with Rd. which leads (SE)
6 m to Shabbona Statue Mom (pic.camp.) comm. friendly Ind. chief. 89. MEN-
DOTA. J. with US51 (see) & US52. 113. PRINCETON, in center of orchard & farm
country. In E. part of town is former Home of Owen Lovejoy (1811-64), abolitionist
leader & brother of Elijah Lovejoy (see E. St Louis Trip TV). At 1518 S. Main St,
Bryant H. (1850's), where John Bryant, brother of poet, lived; friend of Lincoln &
582 ILLINOIS WATERWAY TOUR
one of founders of Republican party. J. with US 6, with which US34 unites for a
few miles. 120. WYANET, on 111. & Miss. Canal. St Fish Hatehery. 128. SHEF-
FIELD. US34 turns (S) here.
143. KEWANEE, on W. Fork of Spoon R.; one of largest industrial towns on route.
Kewanee steam boilers & workmen's gloves are known throughout country, & Wai-
worth Mfg. Plant, pioneer industry, is one of country's largest makers of fittings &
valves. Wethersfield, older part of town & wholly residential, was sett, by Conn.
(Prot.) Assoc. in 1836. Forerunner of Kewanee Boiler Co. was founded in 1850's.
155. GALVA, Swedish settlement (1854) that grew out of Bishop Hill colony. 159.
J withRd.
SIDE TRIP: On Rd. (N) 2.5m to Bishop Hifl St Pk., site of Swedish communal religious
colony est by Eric Janson in 1846; acquired by st. in 1945. Hist, of colony follows classic
pattern of many attempts at the good life. Janson was a man of extraordinary fascination
& vitality. After denouncing corruption of Luth. Ch. of Sweden, he was forced to find
refuge from persecution, & he escaped from Sweden on skiis & disguised as a woman. With
his followers, he crossed the ocean & came by Gt. Ls. &. canal to Henry Cty., 111., where
commumty lived in dugouts the 1st winter. Nearly 100 died of Asiatic cholera & are buried
in Bishop Hill Cemetery* Janson lived a life of fleshly comfort & later, as dictator, became
reckless in his demands. Whatever the cause, he was shot in 1850. Settlement had become
prosperous but, after loss of their leader, it was disrupted by factionalism, religious differ-
ences & financial mismanagement. State is restoring Bishop Hill as example of pioneer life.
Old Colony Ch. (1848) has coll. of paintings of scenes at Bishop Hill, done by Olof Krans,
blacksmith. Other bldgs. are Schoolh., Storeh., Hospital, Cheese Factory & Bakery.
182. GALESBURG, birthpl. of Carl Sandburg & seat of Knox College. Town was
planned as religious <& educational center by its founder, Geo. Washington Gale,
Presb. minister, before he left Mohawk Valley parish (see New York) in 1835. A
group of Oneida families came to selected site in 1836-37, & city was laid out in
orderly fashion. Knox Manual Labor College was opened in 1838 in town meetingh.,
& scholarships were given with farm lots. The RRs. in 1854 were resented by the
settlers but brought new life to the college. Galesburg was important sta. on Under-
ground Railroad. City is now one of largest divisional hqs. of C.B. & Q. RR. & im-
portant livestock market. Knox College is coed, (since 1849) liberal arts college, with
roster of noted alumni, incl. Carl Sandburg, Don Marquis & Eugene Field (of
Lombard College, united with Knox in 1930). Old Main was scene of 5th Lincoln-
Douglas Debate. E. of Galesburg is Rice L., resort center. 198. MONMOUTH,
named (1831) for Rev. War battle in N.J., is seat of cty. named for Maj. Gen. Jos.
Warren, hero of Bunker HiH. On E. Broadway is shady 30-a. campus of Monmouth
College, founded by Presb. Ch. in 1853. Wallace Hall, named for 1st pres., & Science
Hall (1910). Lib. (1907) has art coll., gift of Carnegie Foundation.
Monmouth is center of level com belt where cattle are fattened for the stockyards.
US34 tends steadily (S), paralleling roughly C.B. & Q. RR. 212. BIGGSVILLE. 217.
J. with St. 164.
SIDE TRIP: On St.164 (N) 1.5m to Gladstone, On R. (NW) is Lock & Dam No. 18. At
3m is Henderson Cr. & near-by Corered Bridge (pic.), more than 100 yrs. old. 6 m Oquawka,
once a trading post, keeps busy getting button pearls from mussels. Good sand beaches
(camp.cabins) along Miss. R.
230.5. GULFPORT. US34 crosses Burlington (toll) Bridge, to Burlington, la. 231.
Miss. R. here is ILL.-IA. LINE.
ILLINOIS WATERWAY TOUR
CHICAGO (W) & (S) to MISS. R. (at Grafton, 111.). 339. ST.4A, US6, ST.29, US24,
stiop
Via: Summit, Lockport, Joliet, Morris, Ottawa, La Salle, Peru, Spring Valley, Henry,
Chillicothe, Peoria, Orchard Mines, (Pekin), Beardstown, Bluffs, Milton, Kampsville,
Hardin. Tour by boat would follow Chicago R., Sanitary Ship Canal (or 111. & Mich.
Canal by canoe), Des Plaines R. & 111. R. No charge for use of waterway or locks.
Knowledge of rules & regulations is of special importance, as channel draught varies
bet. 9' & 20', & locks & numerous bridges of varying clearance are along route. Info.
& strip maps avail, from U.S. Engineer's Office, Room 520, Merchandise Mart, Chicago.
Tour^ follows part of Great Ls. to Gulf Waterway along commercially important,
hist. int. & naturally beautiful route (well-developed st. pks.; good h. & f. grounds).
Steep bluffs, marshy bottomlands & lush valleys, rivertowns & industrial centers
DXINOIS WATERWAY TOUR 503
give extraordinary variety. Chicago Harbor Controlling Locks (N. of Loop) stand
where Chicago R. once sluggishly entered L. Mich. Michigan Ave. Link Bridge over
main channel extends from Site of Ft Dearborn (S) to Site of 1st Settlement (N).
Near Locks are Navy Pier (amusement) & N. Terminal Pier. Originally the S. Branch
crept (N) out of Mud L. & united with N. Branch to form main channel. Outlet was
often choked with sand, but during spring freshets Mud L. spread over area, drain-
ing into both S. Branch & across continental divide into Des Plaines R. Pere Mar-
quette noted "River of the Portage" in 1673, & Jolliet saw feasibility of canal to
link Niagara R. & Gulf of Mex. The Chicago Portage was key pt. in exploration,
trade & settlement. Since completion of Drainage Canal (1892-1900), R. flows back-
ward, & blue L. waters pour into its channel. Survey for canal was made in 1830, &
squatter settlement was inc. 3 yrs. later. In 1835 a shockingly high death rate called
attention to need for sewerage, & pipes were laid to carry waste into L. & R., which
became a stream of filth. In 1871 R. was diverted into S. Branch, with no better re-
sult. Finally in 1900 the Drainage Canal was completed, & R. flow was reversed so
that its load emptied into 111. R. across old portage. Subsidiary canals relieved
Chicago of sewage problem, but downriver cities were wrathful. Proposal to sluice
away impurities by inflow from L. Mich, was accepted after yrs. of nat. & internal
argument. Later the Drainage Canal was taken over by Fed. Gov., improved & re-
named Sanitary & Ship Canal. Amount of diversion, est. by U.S. Supreme Court,
is controlled by Army engineers.
Sec. 1: CHICAGO to PEORIA. 169. S14A, US6 & S129
From Loop, tour follows Cermak Rd. (W) to J. with St4A (Archer Ave.), which
roughly parallels waterway (US66 parallels route on N. side). Hy. crosses S. Branch,
a few blocks N. of Union Stockyards, to J. with Ashland Ave. Beyond J, is mouth
of abandoned HI. & Mich. Canal (1848-1933), & a half-mile farther on, waterway
enters Sanitary & Ship Canal. At c.13, SUMMIT, on crest of continental divide.
LYONS, across waterway, stands on edge of Chicago Portage. Just W. of Summit,
the Des Plaines R. swerves into valley & parallels canal to LOCKPORT, 34., where
it becomes a link in the waterway. Lockport Dam & Lock, where intake is measured
& controlled. St.4A & US66 enter JOLIET (see) at 39. J. with US30 (see). Brandon
Rd. Lock & Dam* The 2,000'-long retaining wall around Brandon Rd. Pool incl.
moss-covered lock of I. & M. Canal. J. with US6, on which tour cont. along best-
developed areas of HI. & Mich. Canal Pky. (piaboat docks.good auto rd.). 50. CHAN-
NAHON, where Du Page R. joins the Des Plaines. A few miles W., the Kankakee en-
ters from the S., & then, as the HI. R., the united waters flow W. through rocky gorge
cut by glaciers. Along Kankakee R. is McKinley Woods Cty. Pk. 62. MORRIS. Adj.
is small Gebhard Woods St Pk. (pic.camp.f.& game preserve). 81. MARSEILLES.
On S. riverbank is mini St Pk. (pic.camp.dining room.f .recr.facils.). Near-by Mar-
seilles Lock lifts traffic over the rapids. 85. J. with St.71, scenic route (W) through
St. Pks. (see below).
SIDE TRIP: On St.71 (NE) to Norwegian Setfleis* MODL, at Norway, small village on site
of 1st permanent Norweg. colony in Amer. Bronze plaque (1934) comm. Cleng Peerson,
who est. at least 30 settlements in Miss, valley.
87. OTTAWA, on wooded terraces overlooking R., was laid out as canal town in
1830 & sett, largely by New Englanders. Largest industry is Libby-Owens-Ford
Glass Plant, but making of agric. implements & colored marbles & other toys is
important. PTS. OF INT.: In Washington Pk., Site of 1st Lincoln-Douglas Debate.
Columbus & Lafayette Sts., Appellate Cth. (Gr.Rev.). Gaton Hill Rd., Gen. W. H.
L. Wallace H. (1860), St mem. to Union officer killed at Shiloh; coll. of furniture,
paintings & flags. On N. bank of R. (W) 4 m is Buffalo Rock St Pk. (f .pic.camp).
SIDE TRIP: On St.71 (S) & (W) 6m to Starved Rock St. Pk. (camp.pic.lodge.cabins.play
fields.f.), st.*s oldest & one of best-developed recr. areas. Boat trips daily. Trls. to Skeleton
Cave, Tonti Canyon, Eagle CM, Lost L., Herjiepin Canyon. Starved Rock (1250 is circu-
lar mass of sandstone with flat summit. Across R. was_ Kaskaskia, Ind. village where Mar-
quette & Jolliet, in 1673, were received by the charming, unreliable Illiai Marquette est
mission in 1675, & 1st Mass was celebrated on open prairie for more than 2,000 Inds. In
1679, La Salle & Tonti, his lieutenant with the iron hand, & the boastful Father Hennepin
came to same spot Ft. St. Louis du Rocher was erected on Starved Rock as part of La
Salle's dream of colonizing Miss, valley. Ft. Creve Coeur, near site of Peoria (see US24),
was left in charge of Tonti when La Salle went back to Frontenac for equipment. Deserted
by his rebellious followers, Tonti came to Starved Rock with a few faithful missionaries &
504 ILLINOIS WATERWAY TOUR
men to await La Salle. Then the Iroquois came down upon the village & a confused slaugh-
ter began. Only 1 Frenchman was killed, but the Iroquois ruthlessly pursued the Illinois,
wrecked the town & even dragged dead bodies from their graves. Tonti's party escaped &
made their way to Green Bay. When La Salle returned in high hope, he found^ only the
dead around the ruined village & fortress. At Creve Coeur also he found the ruins of his
ft. & an unfinished boat on which 1 of his men had written "Nous sommes tous sauvages."
In 1682 he returned to est. fort on Starved Rock, which Tonti maintained for some yrs.
after La Salle's death in 1687 (at hands of his own men). It was abandoned in 1702 &
burned by Inds. in 1721.
97. On US6, J. with Stl78 (S. l m on St.178 is IMca, a supply center). 103. LA
SALLE, canal town founded in 1827. Coal deposits & water power attracted several
industries, chief of which now are the zinc works. Locks, towpath & old warehouses
near hy. J. with US51 (see). 105. PERU, home of Big Ben Clocks, made by Western
Clock Factory (O.appl.). Peru was 1st terminus of Canal, but La Salle built steam-
boat basin & outstripped the other town. Spanning R. is Wooden Bridge (1869).
109. SPRING VALLEY. J. with St.29, over which tour cont around Gt. Bend &
close to riverbanks through primitive country where landings & scattered cottages
are outposts of half -hidden hamlets. Below Gt Bend is entrance to HI. & Miss. Canal
(good f.), opened in 1907.
Character of valley changes remarkably downstream. Instead of relatively strong
current, R. is much shallower & flows lazily through marshland (f .h.) & around in-
numerable islets. Valley is broad instead of gorgelike, extending sometimes over
several miles bet. steep walls of rock. 134. HENRY, at mouth of Senachwine L,, in
old riverbed paralleling main channel for 5 m . Henry Lock (unused). J. with St. 18,
which crosses R. to J. with Rd. that follows E. shore to Sparland F. & H. Grounds.
142. Village of SPARLANB (f .& h.info.). Near CHBLLICOTHE, 150., on an island,
are Woodford Cty. H. & F. Groonds. Peoria & Goose Pond Ls. are (S). Lights &
other navigation aids are numerous in this part of R. because of sandbars & stumps.
169. PEORIA (see US24). J. with US24 & US150.
Sec. 2: PEORIA to GRAFTON. 170. US24, St78, StlO, StlOO
0. PEORIA. Tour cont. along W. side of R. on US24. St29 crosses R. here (E) to
E. Peoria & Creve Coeur Si. Pk. (see US24).
SIDE TRIP: On St.29 (S) from E. Peoria. At 10m PeMn, favorite stopping place for Lin-
coln & others on 8th Circuit. 14m J. with St.122; (E) 5m on St.122 to Delavan (RR. conns.),
charming town on "High Prairie" in fertile cornbelt; Delavan Assoc, was org. to promote
temperance colony, & 50 R.I. & Mass, families arrived in May, 1837. Daniel Cheever H.,
depot on Underground Railroad. Straofs Store, oldest bldg. Prairie Rest, orig. cemetery.
Civil War Mon.
Innumerable small Ls. reach into marshlands E. of R., & Is. of varying size interrupt
its easy flow. 33. US24 unites with St78. 36. Tour turns S. with St78. 42. W. HA-
VANA, near mouth of Spoon R. (see). Rd. leads (NW) here to Dickson Mounds St.
Pk. (see). Across 111. R. is Havana, center of duckhunting area. Tour turns (W) on
US24 to J. with StlOO at 45., then (S) on StlOO, which winds back & forth across
R. Downriver is Grand L, splitting R. into narrow channels. 77. StlOO crosses
C.B. & Q. RR. Bridge (toll) to BEARDSTOWN, rural trade center lying low in the
valley & washed by many floods. 91. (W) J. with St. 104.
SIDE TRIP: On St.104 (W) 3m to Meredosia (corruption of Fr., "marais d'osier"), where
st's 1st RR. ended in 1837, a strap-iron Rd., 24m long, intended as part of Rd. to linfc
Cairo & Gelena.
92.(E)J.withStl04.
SIDE TRIP: On St.104 (E) 17m to Jacksonville (Wabash, C.B.&Q., & Alton RRs.; Grey-
hound & other busses), one of prettiest 111. cities & cultural center for 120 yrs. Founded as
seat of Morgan Cty. in 1825 & sett 1st by Southerners, it became within a few yrs. virtually
a New England community, which it resembles today. It was important Underground RR.
Sta. Stephen A. Douglas & Wm. J. Bryan both practiced law here. In Jacksonville are 111.
& MacMurray Colleges, St. Sch. for the Deaf, one of largest in U.S., St. Sch. for the Blind,
noted for music dept, & St. Hospital for the Insane. PTS. OF INT.: (1) College & Web-
ster Aves., Site of Home of W. J. Bryan, grad. of 111. College. (2) 4 Duncan PI., Gov. Jos.
H. Duncan H. (1835.Georg.O.appl.), hqs. of D.AJL (3) E. State St., MacMarray College
for Women, privately endowed, nonsectarian college of high standing, conferring degrees
of bachelor & master in arts & science & bachelor in music. Est. in 1846 by 111. Methu
Conference as an academy, MacMurray became college in 1909. Among many fine bldgs.
US 24 ILLINOIS 505
on attractive campus are Henry A. Pfeiffer Mem. Lib. (1941), MacMurray Hall (1928) &
Ann Rotledge Hail (1937). (4) 1101 W. College Ave., DliBois College, 1st 111. school to
graduate a college class (1835). John M. Ellis, Presb. minister, planned the college, & 1st
teachers were of "Yale Band" of theological students who helped est many early colleges.
Edw. Beecher, brother of Harriet & Henry Ward Beecher, was 1st Pres. School was closely
identified^with cause of abolition. In 1903, the Jacksonville Female Academy (1835) was
formally inc. with it. Today, Illinois is ranking liberal arts college, nonsectarian but assoc,
with Cong. & Presb. churches. Notable among its red-brick bldgs. are: Beecher Hall (1829),
oldest college bldg. in EL; Stnrtevant Hall (1857); Tanner Mem. Lib. (1929), a model of
functional architecture.
The broad lower valley has been compared to tranquil landscapes of early ItaL
paintings. R. winds around small Is. <& past Naples, Florence, Montezuma & Buck-
horn Landings. 106. J. with US36-US54, with which St.100 unites (W)
SIDE TRIP: On US36-US54 (E) 6m to Winchester, platted in 1830. Stephen A. Douglas
Mon.
SUOO crosses R. & turns (S) again at DETROIT, 112. 138. KAMPSVILLE,
center for hunters, fishermen & vacationers. Bartholomew Beach is one of best
along R. Country around is increasingly primitive. 148. HARDIN, shipping pt. for
apples. Here St.100 crosses (E) R., which parallels Miss, for several miles. 164,
PERE MARQUETTE ST. PK. (f .h.pic.camp.refreshments.lodge), one of most scenic
in 111., looking down over both Rs. (see E. St. Louis Trip IV)- Stone cross marks site
where Pere Marquette & Jolliet made camp. 170. GRAFTON, at pt. where rela-
tively clear stream of the 111. enters turbid R. that Lincoln called "Father of the
Waters."
US 24 ILLINOIS
ILL.-IND. LINE (4 m from Kentland, Ind.) (W) to ILL.-MO. LINE (6 m from Taylor,
Mo.). 250. US24
Via: Sheldon, Watseka, Oilman, Chatsworth, Chenoa, El Paso, Peoria, Lewistown,
Astoria, Rushville, Mount Sterling, Quincy. Accoms.: Throughout route.
US24 is straight route across prairie to Peoria, where tour turns (S) along HL R.
then crosses Spoon R. valley, made famous by Edgar Lee Masters.
Sec. 1: IND. LINE to PEORIA. 116.
On E. half of tour are many fine farms & somewhat austere villages of Amish &
Mennonite communities whose ancestors sett, here a hundred yrs. ago. Communal
principle is still strong, & the various groups usually form self-dependent rural
communities. 3. SHELDON, shipping pt. for grain. 12. WATSEKA, on bend of
Iroquois R. Many large Hs. & bus. bldgs. remain from golden age after Civil
War. Gurdon Hubbard, Amer. Fur Co. agent, 1st white settler in Iroquois Cty.,
married Watch-e-kee ("pretty woman"), daughter of Potawatomi chief, but after 2
yrs. he abandoned both fur trade & his opportunistic marriage. When village became
cry. seat in 1865, it was named for the deserted wife. 20. CRESCENT CITY* J. with
St.49.
SIDE TRIP: On St.49 (S) 16m to Cissna Piu, center of large New Amish community. The
men & women dress simply in dark clothes, take no part in gov. or military action. US24
passes several villages with relatively large Amish pop.
50. FORREST. 55.5. FAIRBWY. 75. GREDLEY. 96.5. EUREKA, seat of Eureka
College & Mennonite Home for the Aged. Leading industry is Libby, McNeill &
Libby (O.appl.), canning plant Eureka College, founded in 1830*s by Ky. pioneers,
has been recognized by Disciples of Christ Ch. since 1852. It was 1st college in I1L
to admit women on equal basis with men. Adm. Bldg. (1858.remod.). J. with St. 117.
SIDE TRIP: On St.117 & St.116 (NW) 10m to Metamora. In Metamora Ctfa. St Menu
(1845.Gr.Rev.wings 1884), Judge David Davis, "best stump speaker in HI.," held court in
Lincoln's time: Courtroom (rest), on 2nd fL; Woodford Cty. Hist. Soc. Mns^ on 1st fl.
Judge Davis, later Supreme Ct. Justice, was largely responsible for Lincoln's nomination
in 1860.
114. EAST PEORIA, home of Caterpillar Tractor Co. (O.appl.). On St29 (S) 2 is
Ft Creve Coeur St Hist Pk. (pic.) along the bluffs; game preserve. Mon. at probable
Site of La Salle's Ft (1680), wrecked by his own men while Tonti, who had been
left in charge, was at Starved Rock (see 111. Waterway Tour).
506 US 24 ILLINOIS
116. PEOMA
S. Adams St., near Franklin St. Bridge., Union Depot. Hamilton Blvd. & Jefferson
Ave., Bus Stas. On St.9 (SW) 5m, Mun. Airport. Excursions on R. & boats for rent
All kinds of accoms. Recr. & pic. facils. in Bradley, Glen Oak (Zoo) & other pks.
Players Theater. Bradley Inst. & Pub. Lib. art exhibits & other events. Civic orchestra.
Info.: Assoc. of Com,, Alliance Life Insurance Bldg., Main St. & Jefferson Ave.
Peoria, on site of 1st white settlement in 111., is now st's 2nd city, cultural & trade
center for wide area rich in coal, grain & livestock; one of greatest whiskey-producing
cities in world. US24 enters over Cedar St. Bridge (1933, more than a mile long
without lift or draw span) or by Franklin Bridge (E), which leads into downtown
Peoria. On low R. plain are most of the many industries served by Mun. River &
Rail Terminal. Business & residential sees, rise on higher & older riverbed. Grand
View Dr. along R. passes great estates, Grand View & other pks. (long-span bridge
under const.). Leading manufactures are alcoholic, dairy & food products, sheet
metal & castings & farm implements. In 1673 Jolliet & Pere Marquette crossed L.
Peoria. Then, in 1680, La Salle est. Ft. Creve Coeur (see) on E. bank, & after his
death, Tonti (see) returned to the wrecked ft. & est. a 2nd Ft. St. Louis (see 111.
Waterway Tour), to which came the Fr. & Inds. from abandoned post at Starved
Rock. The Fr. village Au Pe ("among the Peoria"), or Peoria, begun in 1730 on W.
bank, was abandoned in 1796. Meanwhile New Peoria had been est. in 1779 & flour-
ished under Brit, protection. When Clark took Kaskaskia & Vincennes (see), Au Pe
was left undisturbed, but, in War of 1812, the Amers. became suspicious of the Fr.
villagers. Capt T. E. Craig landed armed boats & allowed his men to pillage &
burn the town. Fr. prisoners, followed by their families, were taken to site of Alton
(see E. St. Louis) & left without food or proper clothing. Some claims against Gov.
were sett later, & Gov. Edwards formally condemned the pillaging. In 1813 a new
stockade was built & named for Clark, & a new city began with influx of New Eng-
land settlers. When. cty. was created in 1825, the old name, Peoria, was restored. N.
Reg. Research Lab. of U.S. Dept. of Agric. was built here in 1940.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) In Cth. Sq., bet. Jefferson Ave. & Adams St. & Hamilton Blvd. &
Main St., is the domed County Cth. (1876.Ital.Ren.). Site of Lincoln-Douglas Debate
is marked by Civil War Mon. (1899.by Fritz Treibel). (2) Jefferson Ave. & Hamilton
Blvd., Rbt Ingersoll H. (3) 209 Jackson PL, Peoria Players Theater, fully equipped.
(4) 111 Monroe St., Pub, Lib. (1897), est in 1880, 1st lib. under 1872 LI. law; Art
Exhibit. (5) 1101 Hamilton Blvd., First Presb. Ch., org. in 1834; hist. coll. (O). (6)
Liberty & Water Sts., Site of Ft Clark (1813). (7) Hiram Walker & Sons Distillery
(O.appl.), subsidiary of Walkerville, Ont, plant (see Detroit, Mich.). Other dis-
tilleries & breweries (O.appl.). (8) S. Institute St., Bradley Polytechnic Institute, incl.
College of Arts & Sciences, College of Music, Sch. of Fine & Applied Arts, Industrial
&, Trade Sch. & Sch. of Horology, with courses in watch-making. Horology Hall &
Bradley Hall are oldest bldgs. on campus (1897). (9) Off Prospect Rd., Glen Oak Pk*
(pic.playfields.zoo) notable Palm H. & gardens. Near Perry Ave. entrance, Statue of
Rbt Ingersoll (by Fritz Treibel), who practiced law in 111. & nominated "the plumed
knight," J. G. Elaine, for Presidency in 1878. L with US150, St29 (see 111. Water-
way Tour).
SIDE TRIP: On US150 (NW) 14m to JubOee College St. Pk. (pic.), former campus of
pioneer sch. Weathered golden-yellow bldgs. stand under tall elms along Kickapoo Cr
Here Philander Chase, 1st Episc. bishop in Ohio & founder of Kenyon Collese fseeV
founded Jubilee College in 1839. Bishop Chase's Grave.
Sec. 2: PEORIA to MO. LINE. 134.
US24 follows HI. R. out of Peoria, past small mining & R. towns. 9. ORCHARD
MINES. Across R., on St.9, is PEK1N, trade & transp. center. For many miles alone
both sides of R. are good f. & h. grounds. At c.37.5. J. with Rd.
SIDE TEUP.- On Rd. (SW) 3.5m to Dkksao Mounds St Pk. (O.9-5.pic.). The mounds,
acquired by st in 1945, were explored by ong. owners of site, Dr. Don F. Dickson & his
father, with help of archaeologists. More than 230 skeletons of prehist men, women &
children were discovered & left exactly as they were found, with arrowheads, pottery &
ornaments around them. Exhibit, under permanent shelter, reveals much of life of agric
villages that were scattered over 111. country 1,000 yrs. ago. The great number of burialL"
incl. several family groups, indicates that epidemic struck the village on river plain below!
38. LEWISTOWN, early home of Edgar Lee Masters, poet of Spoon R. valley Mai*
O. M. Ross founded town, in 1821, on land grant to soldiers of War of 18ll Ross
LINCOLN NATIONAL MEMORIAL HIGHWAY 507
Mansion, at 409 E. Milton Ave., is "McNeely Mansion" of "Spoon River An-
thology." At 1127 N. Main St., Maj. Newton Walker H. (1833), built for friend of
Lincoln. Oak Hill Cemetery. 44. Hy. crosses Spoon R. 72. RUSHVHLLE, founded
in 1825, center of coal-mining, orchard & grain-growing country. Scripps Pk, was
once farm of E. W. Scripps, founder of newspaper chain. 81. RIPLEY, on Le
Moine Cr. From here, US24 winds (W) among ranging hills, past rural centers sett
largely by Germans. 132. QLJINCY (through RR. & bus conns, accoms.), spreading
out along Miss. R. & extending up to the steep bluffs; important industrial town &
seat of Adams Cty. In 1850's it was st's 2nd city & still keeps atmosphere of a^big
town. Quincy Bay, once harbor of a leading port from which were shipped millions
of dollars worth of goods & thousands of hogs, is now recr. center (f.boatswim.).
Drills & pumps, farm machinery & supplies for chicken farms are important pro-
ducts. PTS. OF INT.: In Washington Pk., Site of 6th Lincoln-Douglas Debate,
marked by bronze bas relief (by Lorado Taft). 425 S. 12th St., John Wood H. (1835),
home of 1st settler; now Hist Soc, Mm. (O). Main & 7th Sts., St. Boniface Ch.
(1847). U.S. Lock & Dam No. 2.
US24 crosses QUINCY MEM. BRIDGE (toll) over Miss. R., ILL.-MCX LINE, at
134.
LINCOLN NAT. MEM. HY.
ILL.-IND. LINE (Vincennes, Ind.) (W) to BEARDSTOWN, ILL. 246. St.181, Stl,
Cty. Rd., Stl6 & S1121
Via: Russelville, Palestine, Marshall, Charleston, Campbell, Decatur, Springfield,
Petersburg.
Lincoln Nat Mem. Hy. follows (marked) route of Thos. Lincoln from Hodgenville,
Ky., into Ind., & then, in Mar. 1830, from Vincennes across 111. prairie. Along trl.
in 111. are mems. & statues, st. pks. & nat. shrines, incl. restored village of New
Salem & Lincoln's Tomb.
Sec. 1: IND. LINE to DECATUR. 154.
0. LINCOLN MEM. BRIDGE (1931) over Wabash R. In 30-a. pk. (camp.pic.), near
III. approach, stands Lincoln Trl. Mon. (by Nellie Walker). Trl. parallels R. on
St.181 (W).
SIDE TRIP: US50-US150 enters HI. at bridge. 9^ Lawrenceviile, oil-refining center in
richest oil & natural gas reg. 31.5m Olney. Near here is Larchmond (grounds O.), former
estate of Dr. Rbt. Ridgway, noted ornithologist.
12. RUSSELVILLE. Ferry in operation more than 120 yrs. 26. PALESTINE,
thriving settlement in Lincoln's time with land office, taverns, mills & stores. From
here the Lincolns headed (W) on what is now St. 3 3 to J. with Stl at 30., then across
open prairie. 57. MARSHALL. J. with US40, which crosses (W) Stone Bridge built
for Cumberland Trl. in 1830's. Mem. Hy. follows Marked Rd. (NW) through
sparsely settled reg. 85. CHARLESTON, seat of Eastern 111. St. Teachers College.
In cty. fairgrounds are Grave of Dennis Hanks, Lincoln's spirited cousin & Site of
4th Lincoln-Douglas Debate, heard by 12,000. In Morton Pk. is Sally Lincoln
Chapter H. of D.A.R., named for Lincoln's stepmother, in log cabin (1832) where the
young circuit rider visited. Coles County Cth. has Lincoln papers. Eastern St.
Teachers College, housed in attractive stone bldgs. (Norman); founded in 1895. J.
with SU30.
SIDE TRIP: On St.130 (S) 7m to Fox Ridge St. Pk. (f.boatcamp.pic.), 700 as., deeply
wooded, near Embarrass R.
The Lincolns* covered wagon cont. (W) from Charleston, but Mem. Hy. follows
marked route (S) to 3 later homes of Thos. Lincoln. It passes Sarah Lincoln H., in
CAMPBELL, 92.5., where Lincoln's mother lived after her husband's death, 1851-
69. 94. LOG CABIN ST. PK. (pic.), 86 as. of Thos. Lincoln's 4th & last homestead
in 111. Thos. Lincoln Log Cabin (reconst!935); period furnishings. 97.5. (NW.) from
st. pk. is Thos. Lincoln Cemetery (formerly Shiloh), where Sarah & Thos. Lincoln
are buried. 101. Site of Lincoln's 3rd H. in 111. (1 834-37). 104. Site of 2nd Lincoln H.,
to which family moved in 1831 after Abraham had set out to make his own way.
107. J. with SU21, over which Mem. Hy. cont. (N). 110. MATTOON (see). Fish
Hatchery. J. with US45 (see).
508 LINCOLN NATIONAL MEMORIAL HIGHWAY
Mem. Hy. follows St. 121 (NW) across KaskasMa R. valley. 146. SPITLER WOODS
ST. PK. (pic.camp.facils.). 154. BECATUR (see US51), where the Lincolns came to
end of wearisome journey. Down Sangamon R., John Hanks had found site on high
bluff, & there they put up 3-sided cabin. The winter was discouraging. A blizzard
stormed around the shelter in Dec. & cut off all communication. After the spring
floods, Thos. Lincoln started back across the prairie to rind another home (see
above).
Sec. 2: DECATUH to BEARDSTOWN. 92. US36, St97 & Marked RdU
0. DECATUR. 9. on US36 1st Lincoln Home Site Marker. Along Sangamon R. (S)
is Lincoln TrL Pky., past site of cabin (1830-31). 33.5. CAMP BUTLER NAT,
CEMETERY, on site of Civil War camp & prison.
40. SPRINGFIELD ^
Through RR. & bus conns. Capital Airport (NW) 3.8m. Hotels. Tourist camps. Thea-
ters (stage & screen). Recr. facils. in several pks., L. Springfield & Sangamon R. (f.boat
swim.). Annual Beaux Arts Ball (Jan.); Ill- St. Fair (late Aug.). Info.: C. of C., 5th &
Capitol Sts.
Mem. Hy. crosses S. side of the st. capital, which spreads out over rolling prairie.
Ninth St. & Wabash RR. tracks divide W. sec., incl. gov. bldgs., bus. & residential
areas, from E. half, where are industrial plants, RR. yards & homes of some 4,000
Negroes. Springfield is, above all else, the city of Abr. Lincoln. Here he lived for
many yrs. & here stand his tomb, his home & other cherished mems. Carl Sand-
burg & the Springfield poet, Vachel Lindsay, have paid tribute to the man & the
city. Elisha Kelly came here from N.C. in 1818, & by 1821 the little community be-
came cty. seat. In 1832 the "Talisman" created a sensation as it came up the Sanga-
mon from St. Louis, but the river fell, & the steamer had to back downriver, taking
with it Springfield's hopes. With opening of Erie Canal, the rich prairies attracted
thousands of settlers, & agitation began for more centrally located capital. Lincoln
led Sangamon Cty.'s "Long Nine" (legislators whose total height was 54') in suc-
cessful effort to remove capital from Vandalia (see) to Springfield. Prosperity came
with the RRs., & coal mining began late in 1860's. Since then city has grown quietly
with the state.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) S. 2nd St, Capitol Group (O): The Capitol (1 868-87. Ren.by J.C.
Cochrane), tallest bldg. in S. 111. Above cross-shaped limestone structure rises a
ribbed dome with Corinth, columns around base. Inter, frieze by E. Nicolai. Statue
of Lincoln (by Andrew O'Connor). Statue of Stephen A. Douglas (by Gilbert Ris-
wold). Centennial Bldg. (1918-23.neo-Class.), incl. St Lib.; Mus,, with anthrop.,
biol. & geol. colls.; Art Gallery, & St Hist Lib., in which is Lincoln Room. Ar-
chives Bldg. (1937.1st floor O.), Supreme Ct Bldg., & St Armory & Office Bldg.
complete harmonious group, part of Springfield Plan. (2) 315 E. Adams St., Site of
Globe Tavern, where Abr. & Mary Lincoln lived (1842-44). (3) Public Sq., Sanga-
mon County Cth. (O.1837.Gr.Rev.), Capitol for 40 yrs. Orig. bldg. of age-darkened
stone was lifted in 1899 & new 1st story erected beneath. The "House Divided"
speech was made in Circuit Ct Room, & here the President's body lay in state,
May 3-4, 1865. (4) 101-3 S. 5th St, Site of Speed's Store & last Lincoln-Herndon
Law Office (1844); (5) 109 N. 5th St., Site of Lincoln-Stuart Law Office (1837-41);
(6) 203 S. 6th St., 3rd floor, Logan Lincoln Law Office (1841-44); (7) 7th St &
Capitol Ave., First Presb. Ch^ attended by Lincoln family (1850-61); (8) 8th &
Jackson Sts., Lincoln Home (O.1839.Gr.Rev.), only house Lincoln ever owned; well
preserved; inter, unchanged, with period furnishings. (9) 801 N. 5th St, "Edwards
Place" (1833), housing Springfield Art Assoc. Gallery & mus. in wing (1937-38).
The beautiful H., rest. & furnished with orig. & period pieces, was home of Judge
Benj. S. Edwards, son of Gov. Ninian Edwards. (10) Enos Ave. & 12th St. Con-
cordia TfaeoL Seminary (Luth.), offering 6-yr. course. Est. in Ft. Wayne, Ind. (see),
it was moved to Springfield in 1874.
(12) In Oakridge Cemetery, Monument Ave., Lincoln Tomb (1874.by Larkin G.
Mead). Erected in 1874, with contributions from all over country, the tomb was
remodeled in 1901, & in 1930-31 the inter, was reconstructed & tomb rededicated.
'Seated Lincoln" (see Washington, D.C.). Sarcophagus, near N. wall,
ly "Abraham Lincoln 1809-1865.** Mrs. Lincoln & 3 sons are buried
is marked simply
ST. 1 ILLINOIS 50f
in crypts along S. wall. (Rbt Todd Lincoln is buried in Arlington Cemetery). (13)
(S) on Belt Hy. to 4,000-a. L. Springfield. Water impounded at Spaulding Dam
supplies city Water & Light Plant (O). The 60-mile shore line is lined with cottages,
private clubs & yr.-round residences. Pk. (on E. side), conn, with mainland by Vachel
Lindsay Mem. Bridge, incl. Lincoln Mem. Garden. Bridge View Beach (Negro)*
SIDE TRIP: On US66 (NE) 30m to Lincoln, only town in U.S. named for Abr. Lincoln
during his early yrs. He gave legal assistance in its planning & incorporation. Site of Post-
vilie Cth. (now in American Village, Dearborn, Mich.). Lincoln Jr. College (Presb.).
On SU21 (SE) llm, near J. with US54, is Mount PulasM Cth. (1847.Gr.Rev.inter.rest),
also assoc. with Lincoln.
Mem. Hy. leaves Springfield on St.97-St.125. At 48, it turns (N) with St97. 60.
NEW SALEM ST. PK. (f.pic.camp.restaurant), 200 as. on bluff overlooking Sanga-
mon R. Here is authentic reprod. of village where Lincoln lived for 6 yrs. (183 1-37),
where he clerked, chopped wood, served as postmaster, surveyor & lawyer^ Village
began with gristmill built by Jas. Rutledge & John Cameron in 1828, & its brief
prosperity declined when cry. seat was est. at Petersburg (see below) in 1839. In
1906, Wm. R. Hearst bought site for Old Salem Chautauqua Assoc., & in 1918
title was transferred to st. Only orig. bldg. is Onstot Cooper Shop (1835). Rutledge
Tavern, where Lincoln stayed; 13 cabins, sch. & ch. cabin & 10 stores, shops &
mills have been reprod. & furnished; also dam, sawmill & gristmill on R. 62.
PETERSBURG. In Oakwood Cemetery is Grave of Ann Rutledge, who died in
1835. Lincoln TrL (not yet completed) winds (W) through Sangamon valley. 92,
BEARDSTOWN, on IU. R. City Hall (1845) was scene of Duff Armstrong trial, in
which Lincoln defended son of Hanna Armstrong, friend of New Salem days.
His eloquence brought pioneer jury to tears. J. with US67 & StlOO (see HI. Water-
way Tour).
ST. 1 ILLINOIS
CHICAGO (S) to ELL.-KY. LINE (ll m from Marion, Ky.). 336. Stl
Via: Harvey, Chicago Heights, Moraence, St. Anne, Watseka, Danville, Georgetown,
Paris, Marshall, Lawrencevilie, Mount Cannel, Norris City & Cave-in-Rock.
Stl is excellent hy. down E. border to J. of Wabash & Ohio Rs. & then some miles
inland to Ky. Line. For much of route, hy. travels Hubbard Trl. from Vincennes to
Ft. Dearborn. Gurdon Hubbard, Amer. Fur Co. agent, marked trl. with his Cones-
toga wagons from Danville to Chicago in 1833.
27.5* CHICAGO HTS. (see Chicago Trip I), J. with US30 (see). 52. MOMENCE,
industrial town on Kankakee R., was a stopping place on Hubbard Trl. J. with St. 17,
which leads (W) to Kankakee (see US45). 65. ST. ANNE. Replica of St Anne de
Beaupre Shrine (Canada) in St Anne's Ch. Route of Stl through mining & farm
country (S) is varied by pleasant R. valleys & ridges of glacial moraines. 132. DAN-
VILLE (through RR. & bus conns. Accoms.), coal-mining & industrial center with
one of largest brick plants in U.S. Large dairy & stock farms in vie. After Kickapoo
ceded Vermilion Cry. area in 1819, the site was developed as cty. seat Gurdon Hub-
bard est post in 1828-& was leading citizen until he moved to the "smaller town" of
Chicago on the prairie. Another early settler was Ward Hill Lamon, law partner &
trusted friend of Lincoln, though temperamentally his opposite. Lamon was a Va.
man, convivial & full of robust good humor. Jos. G. Cannon was a later Danville
resident Soldiers Mon (1922.by Lorado Taft). Victory Mem. Bridge (1922). J.
with US150, with which Stl unites (S).
SIDE TRIP: On US150 (W) 8m to Kickajjoo St Pk. (f.boatcamp.pic.), 1,500 as. along
Middle Fork of Vermilion R. After salt & coal deposits were exhausted, the area was
abandoned until acquired by st in 1939. Meanwhile, the woodland & precipitous banks of
larger Ls. & ravines had regained primeval beauty.
167. PARIS, mfg. & RR. center, with fine houses & wide streets around pub. sq.
Here Lincoln began law practice in 1842. During Civil War, Edgar Cty. had many
belligerent Copperheads whose attack on Paris, Feb. 1864, was prevented only by
Fed troops. Antislavery feeling also was strong, & both Lincoln & Owen Lovejoy
(see) spoke to large audiences. 183. MARSHALL, J. with US40 & with St.67, part
of Lincoln Nat. Mem. Hy., with which Stl unites as far as J. with St.33 at 210.
At 229. is LAWRENCEVILLE, on Embarrass R. (E. 10^ from Vincennes, Ind.).
Org. in 1 821, settlement was named for Jas. Lawrence, Comdr. of "USS Chesapeake**
510 US 45 ILLINOIS
in War of 1812. It is center of richest oil-producing reg. in 111. Also in vie. is large
natural gas field. J. with US50. 252. MOUNT CARMEL, center of good farming
country. In rugged S. sec. of tour, hy. crosses numerous Rs. 286. CARMI, crossed
by Little Wabash R. which joins greater Wabash a few miles N. of confluence with
the Ohio. 298. NORMS CITY, J. with US45 (see). 317. St.1 crosses Saline R. at
edge of E. sec. of Sfaawnee Nat For. (see). 335.5. CAVE-IN-ROCK. Near village
is Cave-In-Rock St. Pk. (f.boat.pic.camp.). The great cave in bluff on Ohio R. was
discovered by white man in 1744, known to Inds. as "Dwelling Place of the Great
Spirit." After Rev. War, it was hiding place for robbers who preyed on riverboats.
Entrance, 55' wide, is halfway up bluff, & tunnel extends nearly 200' into the rock.
Ferry (auto & passenger) crosses Ohio R., ILL.-KY. LINE, at 336.
US 45 ILLINOIS
HX.-WIS. LINE (5m from Bristol, Wis.) (S) to ILL.-KY. LINE (Paducah, Ky.).
430. US45
Via: Milburn, Mundelein, Des Plaines, La Grange, Bradley, Kankakee, Oilman, Pax-
ton, Rantoul, Champaign & Urbana, Mattoon, Effingham, Flora, Fairfield, Norris City,
Harrisburg, Vienna, Metropolis, Brookport.
US45 traverses 111. (N-S) from lake reg. near border, through suburban Chicago &
across prairie & mining area; then over Ozarks to Ohio R.
Sec. 1: WIS. LINE to MATTOON. 227.
Tour crosses Chain O' Lakes recr. area, among hilly glacial moraines. For nearly
100 m , route is in Greater Chicago. Then (S) are pastures & red barns of important
dairy reg. 55. Hy. enters valley of Des Plaines R., route utilized by Inds. & explorers.
111. & Mich. Canal followed R. gorge, & Sanitary & Ship Canal takes same path.
100. BOURBONNAIS, an old settlement where Fr. is still the popular language.
Noel La Vasseur, partner of Gurdon Hubbard (see), est. trading post in 1832 &
encouraged Fr.-Can. settlement in Kankakee R. valley. Through the cty. are their
stone fences & houses, chs. & convents, & many villages & towns have names such
as L'Erable, St. Anne, Papineau, Momence.
103. KANKAKEE, on R. of same name, began as part of Bourbonnais but was
inc. in 1855, when 111. Cent. RR. made it a depot. In short time, it became cty. seat
& important town. Geo. Grey Barnard Coll., in Central Sen., was given by the
sculptor, a former pupil. Kankakee St. Hospital for the Insane, est. in 1878, is one
of largest in U.S.; cottage plan (O.appl.). Scenic R. drives on St. 1 13. From Kankakee,
US45 travels through one of world's richest corn & grain areas, where immense
fields are broken only by separating hedges & woodlots. Along hy. are many sm.
villages. 130. GBLMAN & 135. ONARGA, are larger settlements with some sm.
industries. 152. PAXTON, sett, by Swedish people, many of them graduates of
ancient Univs. of Lund & Upsala; seat of Augustana College (see Rock I.), 1863-75.
162. RANTOUL, known for Chanute Field, important Army Air Force post &
Technical Training Command, named for Octave Chanute, pioneer in gliding.
180. URBANA & CHAMPAIGN
Through RR. & bus conns. Airports (no scheduled serv.). Accoms. Golf at Kenwood
Links (sm.fee). Mun. swim, pool & rink. Univ. tennis courts (O. to pub.). Dramatic,
musical & other Univ. events. Info.: Champaign C. of C., 318 N. Neil St.; Urbana
Assoc. of Com., 201 W. Main St
The 2 municipalities, with Wright St as dividing line, share one of st.'s leading univs.
Urbana, older & smaller ^city, with most of Univ. bldgs., is much like other at-
tractive college towns, while Champaign has large bus. dist, numerous factories &
the RRs., as well as pleasant residential sees. College dormitories & houses, shops
& eating places are about equally divided. Urbana, sett, in 1820's, boomed with
laying of 111. Cen. RR. tracks 2 m N. in 1854, but Depot refused to be inc. with Old
Town & became Champaign in 1860. The rival cities united in lobbying for new
univ. est. in 1867 as 111. Industrial College. Under Gov. John P. Altgeld (see) in
1890*s, the sch. received sufficient aid to gain recognition as ranking st. univ. PTS.
OF INT. IN CHAMPAIGN: (1) Neil St. & Univ. Ave., City Bldg. (1937.Mod.),
simple & beautiful structure with 6-story tower. (2) Church & State Sts., in West
Side Pk., "Prayer for Rain," by Edw. Kemeys, sculptor of Chicago Art Institute
US 45 ILLINOIS 511
lions. PTS. OF INT. IN URBANA: (3) Park St. & Broadway, Crystal Lake Pk.
(swim.bridle paths.). Uniy. of Illinois has 12 colleges & schools on Urbana-
Champaign campus & 3 colleges in Chicago. South Campus is devoted largely
to excellent College of Agric. Old Campus is N. of Green St., & main quad-
rangle with newer Georg. bldgs. is S. (4) On the Mall, Lincoln Hall, with Mus.
of European Culture (O.wks.). (5) S, Campus, Mem. Stadium (1924), one of finest in
U.S. (6) N. Campus, Mathews St, Mini Union (1938). (7) S. end of Mall, Lib., one of
ranking libs, in U.S. (8) S. of Mall, Morrow Plots, among oldest soil experiment plots
(1876). Of special int. also are Natural Resources Bldg., Home Research Center
(1940) & Smith Mem. Music HalL
194. PESOTUM, like many prairie towns, is centered by towering grain elevator
beside RR. tracks. 203. TUSCOLA & 212. ARCOLA are centers of broom industry.
Much fine-leaved broom corn is grown in vie.
SIDE TRIP: On St.133 (W) 9m from Arcola to Arflmr, center of large Amish community;
traditional crafts, customs & speech.
227. MATTOON, one of larger towns on US45; shipping & mfg. center for pros-
perous agric. reg. Fish Hatchery, on L. Mattoon (SW). J. with St. 16 sec. of Lincoln
Nat. Mem. Hy. (see).
Sec. 2: MATTOON to KENTUCKY LINE. 203.
SHELBYVBLLE MORAINE, (S) of Mattoon, marks farthest reach of Wis. Glacier,
Corn, hay & wheat are important crops, but fields are broken by orchards & wooded
valleys of numerous streams. 7. Hy. rises over ridge of moraine. 28. EFFINGHAM,
largest center in Effingham Cty., which was sett, largely by Germans in 1860's.
Near town (W) is L. Kanaga (bath.cortages). J. with US40 (see). At 60. US45 unites
(E) with US50 for a few miles. 61. FLORA, the big town of Clay Cty. Around it are
immense beet & clover fields. 63. Tour turns (S) past some of Clay Cty. oil wells.
88. FADRFIELD, sett in 1819, mingles modern industry with relics of the past. J.
with Stl5.
SIDE TRIP: On Stl5 (E) 17m to Albion, 1st of Eng. colonies founded by Geo. Flower
(1788-1862), who was enchanted by 111. prairie. He brought colonists from England &
founded Albion in 1818, was prominent in antislavery movement.
109. ENFEELD (sett 181 3); mule sale on Homecoming Day (Oct.). 117. NORRIS
CITY. J. with Stl (see). From here onward, country is quite different from rest of
HI., both in its rugged contours, & in hist. & social pattern. Scenery is strikingly
beautiful, especially in Ozark Range. Tulip tree, sycamore, beech, butternut & other
common trees reach greater height & size in the ravines & rich bottomlands. The
people keep sense of hist, importance & family kinship to marked degree. 130. EL-
DORADO, sm. mining town. 137. HARRISBURG, on C.C.C. & St.L. RR., im-
portant coal-mining center. Hqs. of Shawnee Nat For. (see below). 151. STONE-
FORT, one of numerous prehist structures in these hills. 155. E. sec. of Shawnee
Nat For. borders hy. near NEW BURNSIDE. Almost directly E., in for., is
Williams Lookout (pic.) on 2nd highest pt. in 111. Shawnee Nat. For. (camp.pic.
cabins.boatf .), only one in 111., incl. sees, along Ohio R. & on Miss. R.
158. J. with Eddyville Rd., which branches (E) to Trigg Lookout (pic.), honoring
L O Trigg who spent yrs. in working for est. of for. [Rd. cont. to Bell Smith Springs
(pic.), & (S) to Dixon Springs Exper. Sta. of Univ. of 111.] US45 gradually descends
into wooded country through which Clark marched to peaceful conquest of Kas-
kaskia (see). 170. VIENNA, seat of Johnson Cty. since 1818. J. with St. 146, which
leads (E) 13 m to L. Glendale & Dixon Springs St Pk. (piagroup camp.), around one
of st's oldest resorts. US45 follows embankment along Cypress Swamp, lumbered
in 1880's. Cypress here grows from 80' to 130' high. 192. METROPOLIS began with
Ft Massac (see below). Later, the "metropolis of the West" was platted a little N.,
in belief that Ohio R. would be bridged there. Metropolis (ferry) has charm of
Southern city, with magnolia & gum trees on ample lawns. A mile (S) is Ft Mas-
sac St Pk* (f.camp.pic.refreshments.facils.game preserve). Site of Ft Massac (to be
reconstructed), built by Fr. in 1757. Gen. Clark & his Ky. Long Knives stopped here
in 1778 In 1794 Gen. Wayne ordered site refortified under Capt. Zebulon Pike.
Statue of Clark (by Leon Hermant). 202.5. BROOKPORT. Near-by is Lock &
Dam No. 52, constructed of movable wickets. US45 crosses Ohio R. (free bridge)
to Paducah, Ky., 203.
512 US 51 ILLINOIS
US 51 ILLINOIS
ILL.-WIS. LINE (Beloit, Wis.) (S) to KY. LINE (5 m from Wickliffe, Ky.). 417. US51
Via: Rockford, Rochelle, Mendota, Peru, La Salle, Wenona, El Paso, Normal & Bloom-
ington, Clinton, Decatur, Pana, Vandalia, Sandoval, Centralia, Ashley, Du Quoin,
Carbondale, (Mound City), Cairo.
Sec. 1: WIS. LINE to DECATUR. 197.
US51 sweeps (N-S) down middle of st, giving view of almost every type of scenery,
& intersected by main (E-W) routes. From S. BELOIT, tour follows winding Rock R.
known for beauty of valley; many waterpower sites & industrial centers. 19. ROCK-
FORD. J. with US20 (see) & St.2, river Rd. 44. ROCHELLE, attractive prairie
town; was home of Chas. Butterfield, who wrote 4t When You & I Were Young,
Maggie," & Francis Roe, composer of "Just Before the Battle, Mother." Spring L.;
mun. bathh. (sm.fee). 56. J. with US30 (see). Tree-capped ridges of merged Bloom-
ington & Shelbyvilie moraines are silhouetted against sky (W) from here to
Bloomington. US51 ascends slope of 1st ridge. 74. MENDOTA, from which millions
of cans of corn are shipped annually. J. with US34 (see) & US52, with which US51
unites. 79. US52 turns E.
SIDE TRIP: On US52 (E) 2m to Troy Grove, birthpL of Jas. Butler (Wild Bill) Hickok
(see). Wad Bill Hickok St, Moo.
86. US51 forks, one branch (E) entering Peru, & main route LA SALLE, at 90.
(see 111. Waterway Tour). J. with US6 & St.71, routes (E) through Starved Rock &
Buffalo Rock St. Pks. (see). 94. OGLESBY, center of cement industry, drawing upon
limestone & slate deposits of Vermilion R. valley. At edge of town is Mattfaiessen
St. Pk. (pic.guides.refreshments), nature preserve. 105. J. with St.18.
SIDE TRIP: On St.18 (E) 12m to Streator, industrial town in midst of rich deposits; glass,
tile, brick & foundry products are leading industries. In Riverview Cemetery is Grave of
Honey Boy Evans, noted black-face minstrel & composer.
111. WENONA. Hy. is bordered with fields of soy beans, of which 111. is a leading
producer. 134. EL PASO. J. with US24 (see). 140. J. with Rd. (E) to L. Bloomington
(tboatswim.), summer resort 142. HUDSON (E.of hy,). Fire Oaks (1836), birthpl.
of Melville E. Stone, gen. mgr. of Assoc. Press in its early yrs.
152. BLOOMINGTON & NORMAL
Through RR. & bus conns. Mun. Airport, on St.9 (E). Accoms. Golf & other recr.
facils. College events. Miller Pk. (zoo & aquarium.boat^wim.). Amer. Passion Play
(Palm Sun. & 10 Suns, following), at Scottish Rite Temple.
US51-US66 (Main St) crosses W. edge of Normal, seat of 111. St. Normal Univ., &
cont (S) through center of Bloomington, home of 111. Wesieyan Univ. In early
1820's, settlers of Brit, stock came to trading post near grove at meeting of Ind.
trls., & settlement came to be known as Blooming Grove. Jas. Allin, in 1830, took
land N. of grove & offered McLean Cty. a cth. site. The new town, platted as
Bloomington, prospered with est of univ. in 1853 & laying of RR. tracks in 1854.
111. St. Normal Univ,, 2nd W. of Alleghenies, was awarded to N. Bloomington (now
Normal) in 1857. Lincoln's crucial "Lost Speech" was made here at Anti-Nebraska
Convention, 1856, when 111. Republican party was org. Bloomington was home of
Judge David Davis (see); Adlai Stevenson, U.S. Vice-Pres.; Govs. J. M. Hamilton &
Jos. Fifer; Rachel trotters, writer, & Margaret Illington, who honored town &
state in her stage name. "Bloomington Daily Pantagraph," staunch supporter of
Lincoln, has been published continuously since 1846. Spreading over wooded
moraine, Bloomington looks much more a univ. town than the important mfg.,
commercial & RR. center which it also is. Residential & campus neighborhoods
have many Viet, mansions on broad lawns, while bus. dist was largely rebuilt after
fire in 1900.
PTS. OF INT. IN BLOOMINGTON: (1) 901 N. McLean St., Adlai H. Stevenson H.
(1850*s.Tudor). Stevenson (1835-1914) came from Ky. in 1852, was elected Vice
Pres. in 1893 & defeated with Wm. J. Bryan in 1900. (2) 1100 E. Jefferson St,
David Davis HL, where Davis lived before becoming Judge of 8th Circuit (see US24).
(3) 110 E. Mulberry St., Scottish Rite Temple (Ital.Ren.). (4) East & Grove Sts.,
McLean Cty. Hist Soc. (O.wks.), in McBarnes Mem. Bldg.; Lincolniana & hist,
colt. (5) Grove & S. Main Sts., Site of BirthpL of Elbert Hubbard, author of 170
"Little Journeys" to homes of famous people. (6) East & Front Sts., Plaque comm.
US 51 ILLINOIS 513
Lincoln's Lost Speech, May 29, 1856. (7) On Chestnut St., Alton RR. Shops, town's
largest industry. First Pullman car was built here & made 1st trip Sept. 1, 1859. (8)
East St., bet. Graham & Emerson Sts., HI. Wesleyan Univ. (opened in 1851), est. &
supported by Meth. Episc. church. Hodding College, founded in Abingdon, 111, was
united with univ. in 1930. Hodding Hall (1871). North Hall (1850's). Buck Mem.
Lib. Presser Hall (Mod.). PTS. OF INT. IN NORMAL: (1) Bet. Beaufort & Mul-
berry Sts., HI. St Normal Univ., (est. in 1856), conn, with Wesleyan by Franklin
Ave. Old Mam (1857). Milner Lib. (1940.Georg.), notable for functional design.
Demonstration Farm. (2) 202 W. Mulberry St., Site of Hovey H. Col. C. E. Hovey
was 1st pres. of 111. St Normal Univ. & father of Rich. Hovey, poet. Beech & Lin-
coln Sts., ML St Soldiers' & Sailors' Children's Sch., on beautiful 160-a. campus.
J. with US66 & St.9, which cont. (NW) 20^ to Dells of MacMnaw R. (good f. & h.).
S. of Blopmington, the union of modern machinery & agric. is evident on all sides
but especially in the vast cornfields. 175. CLINTON. Lincoln, riding the 8th Circuit,
often stopped at Baraett Hotel (O.appL). US51 crosses Salt Cr. & follows edge of
Shelbyvifie Moraine.
197. DECATUR
Through RR. & bus conns. Mun. Airport, 2.5m (E) off US36. Good accoms. Recr.
facils. in Nelson & other pks. L. Decatur (swim.boatwinter sports). Town & Gown
Players & Little Theater. Midwinter Ice Carnival. Info.: Assoc. of Com., in Decatur
Club Bldg.
Decatur, prairie town on Sangampn R., seat of Millikin College, is trade, cultural &
recr. center for wide area; sometimes called Soybean Capital of Amer. The Sanga-
mon, an early link bet. backwoods & 111. & Miss. Rs., crosses town to L. Decatur,
formed by dam (1923) at NE. limits. Gold dome of Staley Mfg. Co. Adm. Bldg,
(14 stories) is visible for miles around. Staley Co., makers of corn & soybean
products, is a leading industry, & Wabash RR. shops provide employment for
thousands. Coal fields & more recently discovered oil in vie. make Decatur one of
st's important industrial towns. It was laid out in 1829 & named for hero of Tripoli.
Abr. Lincoln began to study law in Decatur County Cth. & was 1st mentioned for
Presidency at IU. Republican convention here in 1860. Lincoln went down the
Sangamon in 1831, when he hired out with Denton Offut to take flatboat to New
Orleans, his 1st experience of world beyond the prairies. PTS. OF INT.: (1) W. Main
St., Jas. MilMMia. Univ., accredited liberal arts & vocational univ., & Millikm Con-
servatory of Music. Pres. Theodore Roosevelt made dedicatory address when 4 of
the attractive Elizabethan bldgs. were opened in Sept., 1903. (2) Adj. campus (NW)
is Fairview Pk. (pic.recr.facils.). Log Cabin Cih. (1829), "chinked & daubed by
John Hanks." (3) 457 N. Main St, Pub. Lib.; Lincoln Coll. (4) 200 E. Main St.,
Site of Wigwam where Lincoln was nominated. (5) N. 22nd & E. Eldorado Sts.,
A. E. Staley Mfg. Co. Plant (O.tours), incl. 40 or more bldgs. Adm. Bldg. (1929.by
Aschauer & Waggoner). (6) L, Decatar, circled by 12 m drive.
J. with US36 (see Lincoln Nat Mem. Hy.), Stl21 & StlOS.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On St.121 (SE) c.7m to Spider Woods St Pk., considered one of love-
liest; left largely in natural state.
(B) On St. 105 (NE) 23m to Bement. Here Bryant Cottage St. Mem. was ded. in 1947. Here
Lincoln & Douglas planned the 7 debates. F. E. Bryant, their host, was cousin of Wm.
Culleii Bryant
Sec. 2: DECATUR to KY. LINE. 220.
US51 crosses Shelbyville Moraine & cont. (S) through coal country. 16. MOWEA-
QUA, scene of mining disaster in 1932. 34. PANA, rose-growing center. Hothouses
utilize local coal supply. Kitchel Pk. (tourist camp.pic.swim.). 65. VANDALIA,
on Kaskaskia R. with wooded moraine in background, was 2nd capital of 111. (1819-
39). To inaugurate land boom, Congress was petitioned & granted land where
capital should remain for 20 yrs. Vandalia St H. (1836.Gr.Rev.), orig. furnishings.
In this bldg. an act was passed incorporating the sm. prairie town of Chicago in far
N. In front is Madonna of the Trl. Mom., one of 12 erected by D.A.R. along Nat
Rd. (now US40), which terminated at Vandalia. Pub. Lib.; Lincolniana.
For next 100 miles, US51 crosses some of richest coal fields in U.S., a reg. also rich
in oil. 76. VERNON, surrounded by peach & pear orchards, in pleasant contrast to
mining centers. 79. PATOKA, in st's largest oil field. 90. SANDOVAL, mining
town. J. with US50.
514 MISSISSIPPI RIVER TOUR
SIDE TRIP: On US50 (E) 10m to Salem, oil center; birthpl. of Wm. Jennings Bryan (1860-
1925), pacifist & defender of free silver & fundamentalism; Secy, of War under Pres.
Wilson until World War I. Bryan H. (O.I 852), now a Mus.
97. CENTRALIA, platted by 111. Cent RR. in 1853 & still very much a RR. town.
Among 1st settlers were many Germans who gave it solid financial beginning, its
"saengerfest," & prevailing architectural style. Coal miners, oil workers & RR. men
mingle in stores, bars, banks & union halls. Scattered oil derricks rise in the fields
while hillsides bloom with peach orchards. One of worst mining disasters occurred
in Centralia Mine No. 5 on March 25, 1947, when 111 men were killed in explosion.
Extensive underground workings of the mine, opened in 1907, made a trap for the
miners. Dangerously dry & dusty state of mine had been recognized for several yrs.
Centralia Coal Co. was indicted for "wilful negligence" & fined $1,000. Legislature
passed resolution expressing "profound grief & sorrow" & purchased painting "The
Coal Miner." Since 1938, oil in vie. has surpassed coal in importance. Strawberries
are a leading product BRVEVGTON, at 106., was once strawberry capital, with
migratory pickers arriving from all sides. Today its peach orchards are of greater
value. 117. ASHLEY. J. with St. 15.
139. DU QUOIN, largest of string of mining towns on route to CARBONDALE,
160., RR. & trade center at heart of coal-mining reg. Southern HI. Univ., founded
in late 1860's, is coed, liberal arts univ., with colleges of Education, Liberal Arts &
Sciences, & Vocations & Professions; master's degree in education. Child Guidance
Clinic. Concerts by orchestra, chorus, band (0). Mus. of Natural & Social Sciences
(O). J. with St. 13, which leads (E) to Crab Orchard L. Across level prairies (S), the
Ozarks range along horizon. Their highest peaks reach only 700', but their beauty
lies in massive formations, densely forested slopes & ravines. At c.165., hy. enters
sec of SHAWNEE NAT. FOR. (pic.camp.f .h.boat), hqs. at Harrisburg (see US45).
172. (E. of hy.) GIANT CITY ST. PK. (pic.camp.lodge.cabins.refreshments), in
which are some most remarkable phenomena of these ancient folded hills. Rd.
ascends to tableland (lodge O.yr.rpund) overlooking Ozarks. Near Lodge (W) is
Giant City, created by erosion, which cut narrow "avenues" bet. towering walls of
sandstone. Near N. entrance is Old Stone Ft During Civil War, the caves of the
Ozarks harbored deserters from both armies, & Knights of the Golden Circle held
secret meetings here. 177. Rd. angles (W) a mile or two to Alto Pass; best lookout
in St on Bald Knob (1,0300, in U.S. For. Serv. Tower. 181. ANNA. On St. 146 (W)
1 is Jonesboro, scene of 3rd Lincoln-Douglas Debate. 214. MOUNDS. Bet. US51
& St.37 is Mound City Nat. Cemetery (est.1866), where are buried more than 5,600
soldiers & sailors of several wars. HI. Soldiers* Mon. (1874). In Monad City, (E) l m ,
are Marine Ways, on Ohio R., used in Civil War. 217. Hy. unites with St.3. 220.
CAIRO (see Miss. R. Tour), at J. of Ohio & Miss. Rs. US51 crosses impressive
cantilever bridge (toll), ELL.-KY. LINE.
MISSISSIPPI RIVER TOUR
ELL.-IOWA LINE (Dubuque, Iowa) (S) to BLL.-KY. & MO. LINE (Cairo, HI.).
562. US20, St80, US67, St94, St.96, St.100, US67, St.3
Via: E. Dubuque, Galena, Savanna, Fulton, Moline, Monmouth, Biggsville, Dallas City,
Nauvoo, Quincy, Pittsfield, Kampsville, Grafton, Alton, E. St. Louis, Cahokia, Water-
loo, Chester, Thebes. Through RR. & bus conns. Accoms., recr. facils. in cities; numer-
ous St. & roadside pks., pic. & camp sites.
Miss. R. is followed by Fed. & St. hys. for greater part of course along W. border
of HI., through impressive scenery & past notable sites & hist, cities.
Sec. 1: IOWA LINE to DALLAS CITY. 190
0. E. DUBUQUE. 11. J. with St80, which unites with US20 to Apple R. 13.
GALENA (see US20). 26. Tour swings (S) with St.80 through increasingly rugged
country; many quarries. 45. MISS. PALISADES ST. PK. (f.pic.camp.refreshments).
Campgrounds are high above R. in old orchard; trls. to crest of Palisades, Twin
Sisters, Ind. Head & other strange formations. 46. SAVANNA, founded in 1828;
RR. & trade center & livestock shipping pt Savanna-Sabula Bridge (toll) crosses R.
to J. with US67, in Iowa. Near Savanna (S) is Fish Rescue Sta. St.80 parallels C.B.
& Q. RR. at some distance from bluffs, crossing prairie country given over to dairy
MISSISSIPPI RIVER TOUR 515
<& fattening of cattle. The sandy soil is also good for melons. 55. THOMSON, center
for duck hunters. Annual Melon Day. 64. FULTON, residential community &
truck-gardening center. J. with US30, which crosses (toll bridge) to Clinton, la.
From this point to Quad Cities (see Rock I. & Moline), St80 is close to R. (fine camp
sites & cabin groups). 100. MOLINE (see). Here St80 ends at J. with US6 (see).
Adj. Moline is ROCK ISLAND (see), at 103. Black Hawk St Pk. (f .pic.camp.guides.
refreshments). For 100 or more miles there is no main hy. along R. Tour cont. (S)
on US67. At 148. MONMOUTH (see US34). J. with US34, with which tour unites
(W). 164. J. with St.94, which becomes main tour (S) to 179., where it turns (W)
again on St.96. 190. DALLAS CITY, river town.
Sec. 2: DALLAS CITY to EAST ST. LOUIS. 222
16* NAUVOO, mecca of thousands who wish to see annual Grape Festival in beau-
tiful old town, site of Jos. Smith's Mormon community & of Cabefs Icarian village.
Nauyoo extends from Flats up terraced hills & into level country beyond. Vineyards
in vie. produce wines for which Nauvoo has been known since 1850's. In 1824,
Capt Jas. White traded 200 sacks of corn to Sac & Fox Inds. for their village, & by
1830 a p.o. was est. in Venus, as new settlement was called. Commerce, an older
town, absorbed Venus in 1834 & was formally org. in 1837. When Jos. Smith (see)
was driven from Mo., he brought his followers to Commerce City &, under special
charter, renamed it Nauvoo (Hebrew for "pleasant land")- A city of 20,000 grew up,
& bldg. of great temple was begun in 1841 (never completed). The Gentiles feared
political strength of the Saints, & charges of polygamy (never openly practiced) &
other offenses were made against them. When "Expositor" was published by faction
of the church "striking a blow at tyranny & oppression," Smith had the press &
copies of paper destroyed. The Laws, leaders of the faction, had Smith & his brother
arrested & lodged in Carthage jail (see below). A mob broke in, June 27, 1844, &
murdered the Prophet & his brother Hyrum. Brigham Young took the leadership,
disposed of the rich properties & led the Saints to Salt L. City (see). In 1849, the
Fr. Icarians, led by Etienne Cabet (1788-1856), took possession of the deserted
town. Lot Cabefs "Voyage to Icaria," the ideas back of this experiment are devel-
oped, similar to contemporary communism in emphasis on st. control of social &
economic affairs. Colony prospered until dissension & dissatisfaction destroyed its
harmony. Cabet, with some 200, went to St. Louis, Mo. while others est. colony
near Corning, la. (see). The Cath. pastor started grape-growing with vines from St.
Louis settlement, & the remaining Icarians started making wines, aided by Irish &
German immigrants. Before Civil War, Nauvoo wines were shipped from 40 arched
cellars to all parts of country. The industry flourished until Prohibition, when the
making of a blue cheese, similar to Roquefort, was begun in abandoned wine cellars.
After repeal, Nauvoo returned to wine making &, at annual Grape Festival, cele-
brates "Wedding of the Wine & Cheese" as it is done in Roquefort, France. PTS.
OF INT.: (1) Jos. Smith Homestead (O.1823), built by Ind. agent Near-by are
Graves of Jos., Emma & Hyrum Smith. (2) Mansion H. (O.I 842-43. remod.), Smith's
2nd home; a 2-story, white-pine bldg. maintained by Mormon Ch., as Mus. In coll.
are editions of "Book of Mormon" & other works of the Prophet (3) Nauvoo H.
(begun in 1841). (4) Brigham Young H. (O). (5) Site of Temple, which was burned
by incendiaries in 1848. (6) Icarian H.
St.96 runs close to R. (numerous pic. sites). Keoknk Lock & Dam, near HAMEL*
TON, 28., farm trade center. J. with St. 10, which crosses R. (toll bridge) to Keokuk,
la.
SIDE TRIP: On St.10 (E) llm to Carthage, substantial community est. in 1837. Carthage
Jail, property of Mormon Ch., was scene of murder of Jos. Smith in 1844. Carthage College
(Luth.), coed., was est. in 1870. 39m Macomb, seat of Western HI. St Teachers' College,
opened in 1902.
St.96 unites with St.10 for 4 m . [Here St.10 turns (W) to Ft Edwards Mon,, at War-
saw.] St.96 runs inland in straight line. 62. J. with US24 (see).
67. QUINCY
C.B. & Q. & Wabash RRs. Greyhound & other buses. Mun. Airport (E. 10m on St.104).
Quincy Mem. Bridge (free). Accoms. Steamboat excursions to Hannibal, Mo., from
Levee. Golf, swim. & other recr. facils. in Ind. Mound, South, & other pks. Annual
powerboat regatta. Info.: C. of C.
516 MISSISSIPPI RIVER TOUR
Quincy, seat of Quincy College & Notre Dame Academy, has beautiful setting along
bluffs in Mark Twain's country, a few miles N. of Hannibal, Mo. (see). Along water-
front are numerous large pks. & most of the industrial plants. Quincy is mfg. & trade
center for large area in 3 states. In 1822, John Wood (later Civil War gen. & gov.)
came to explore Military Bounty Tract. Soon soldiers & adventurers built up small
settlement which they named for the new Pres., John Quincy Adams, seat of Adams
Cty. For many yrs. it was st's 2nd city, trans. & commercial center.
FTS. OF INT.: (1) In Washington Pk., center of bus. dist, Site of 6th Lincoln-
Douglas Debate, marked by bronze bas relief by Lorado Taf t. Statue of John. Wood,
(2) 425 S. 12th St., John Wood H. (O.1835), now Hist. Soc. Mus. of Quincy & Adams
Counties; fine example of plantation style. (3) Mam & 16th Sts., Lorenzo Bull H.,
now Women's City Club; charming H. of pioneer period. (4) In Riverview Pk.,
Statue of Geo. Rogere Clark (by Chas. Milligan). (5) NE. sect, HL Soldiers & Sailors
H. (1887). (6) S. limits, Ind. Mounds Pk. (7) 18th St. & College Ave., Quincy College,
coed., under Franciscan Fathers; founded in 1860. (8) 8th & Vermont Sts., Notre
Dame of Quincy, Cath. school for girls; founded 1867. (9) E. 27 m from Quincy,
Silcam Springs St. Pk.; more than 2,000 as. around former resort.
St96 cont (S) through fertile bottomlands. 91. KINDERHOOK. J. with US36,
over which tour turns (E) inland. 113. PITTSFDELD, sett, by Mass, pioneers &
known as gathering place of brilliant & cultured of early HI. 120. DETROIT. J.
with StlOO, which becomes main tour (S) along 111. R. (see 111. Waterway Tour).
171. PERE MARQUETTE ST. PK. (f.pic.boatswim.winter sports.lodge.cabins.
refreshments.boat dock.mus.). 178. GRAFTON. 196. ALTON. 222. E. ST. LOUIS
(see E. St. Louis Trip IV for this sec.).
Sec. 3: E. ST. LOUIS to KY. LINE (Cairo). 150. St.3
0. E. ST. LOUIS. Tour follows St3, paralleling Miss. R. through Amer. Bottom,
once heart of Fr. empire in Amer. 4. CAHOKIA, oldest town in 111., founded in
1699 by missionaries, guided here by Tonti, of the Iron Hand (see). 42. RUMA.
[From here St. 155 leads 7 m (W) to Prairie Du Rocher, founded in 1722 as part of
Miss. Bubble lands, & to Ft Chartres St. Pk.] 55.5. Rd. leads a mile of so from hy.
(W) to Ft KaskasMa St Pk. (pic.comp.), near Kaskaskia, 1st capital in 111. (see E.
St Louis Trip I). 62. CHESTER. St.3 runs close to R. for some miles, then veers
(E) through sec. of Shawnee Nat For. (see). 85. MURPHYSBORO. From here hy.
edges the bluffs, then crosses rugged Ozark country (many pic. sites & spectacular
views). People in reg. show Southern ancestry in speech & customs; here & there
are patches of cotton. 80. FOUNTAIN BLUFF (W), curious formation more than
5 sq. miles in area; narrow Rd. to Fire Tower (O.lookout). 94. GRAND TOWER*
Motorboat to Tower Rock in Miss, R. 103. WOLF L. (scenic drive follows Ozarks
for 5m). 108. WARE. J. with SU46.
SIDE TRIP: On St.146 (E) 3m to site of Cherokee Encampment, where thousands of Inds.
from Ga. encamped for winter of 1839. Some 2,000 died of starvation & cold. At 5.5m is
Union Cty. St. For. (pic.).
125. ST. ROADSIDE PK. 132. OLIVE BRANCH (f.h.boat info.). Horseshoe L.
Came Refuge, on 1,400-a. I.
149. CAIRO
Through RR. & bus conns. Accorns. & recr. facils. Golf (daily fee) at Egyptian Coun-
try Club, (N) 10m on US51. Steamboat excursions from Ohio Levee. Info, at Assoc.
of Comm., 216 7th St
Cairo, where spring begins in Feb., has atmosphere of South, with gingko trees &
magnolias, canebrakes, cotton patches & catfish. It is still a river town of importance,
on levee-protected peninsula bet. Ohio & Miss. Rs. Long steel barges float into the
terminals, replacing packets of the past when this was biggest city in S. 111. Because
of concrete wall along Ohio Levee (improved by Fed. Gov. in 1936), Cairo was
only city on lower river to be untouched by flood of 1937. From the beginning, the
city turned toward the Ohio, & Ohio St., now lined with deserted taverns, warehs. &
stores, was once noisy with traders, steamboatmen, & travelers of all kinds. City is
residential except for industrial N. sec. In S. end, houses stand close together on
sm. lots sold by early promoters. In other areas, Viet, mansions on ampler estates
are scattered among modern bungalows. In center of city are schs., chs., homes, bus.
6 professional offices of Negro residents, about a third of total pop. Principal indus-
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 517
tries are cottonseed processing, warehousing & transshipping, & lumber mining. In
country around, long known as "Egypt," the fertile delta soil produces oats, corn &
hay, vegetables, fruit & watermelons.
Pere Marquette & other explorers noted the finger of land at meeting of Ohio &
Miss. Rs. & in 1702 a Fr. colony under Charles Juchereau de St. Denys set up ft &
tannery. Juchereau & others died of a mysterious disease, & the rest joined the Fr.
at Mobile. In 1817, Wm. & Thps. Bird & John Comegys, St. Louis merchant, took
up land within present city limits. Comegys had city & Bank of Cairo inc. in Jan.
1818, so named because of resemblance to city on the Nile. In 1820 Comegys died
& so did his plan for a diked city. A 2nd attempt was made in 1837 when the Boston
Yankee, Darius B. Holbropk, helped organize Cairo City & Canal Co. Levee was
built, pop. rose to 1,000 within yr. but the co. failed in 1840. Most inhabitants left,
& the flood of 1842 rolled over 'the breeding place of fever, ague & death" Chas.
Dickens had visited that spring. When traffic began on 111. Cent. RR. bet. Cairo &
Chi., Cairo got its finally successful start, & was inc. in 1857. During Civil War, it
was concentration pt for Union Army. In postwar yrs., it was most important city
in S. 111., with superior sens. & chs., sewers & sidewalks. Both R. & R&. shipping
prospered, but gradually the steel rails triumphed over the steamboat &, period
of growth was over, although Cairo remains an important port.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) In pk. bet. 9th & 10th Sts., "The Hewer," by Geo. Grey Barnard.
(2) 1609 Washington Ave., Pub. Lib. (1883). Mus. has colls, of Ind. & hist, materials,
incl. file of Cairo newspapers. (3) 2723 Washington Ave., Rendleman H., outstand-
ing among early Hs. (4) Ohio Levee Wall, bet 2nd & 8th Sts. (5) 609 Ohio St., Ohio
Bldg. (1858); Gen. Grant's hqs. (6) DL Central Bridge (1889.by Geo.S.Morrison).
(7) Ohio R. Hy. Bridge (1938.by Ray Williams & others); one of country's notably
beautiful bridges. (8) 2nd & Ohio Sts., Halliday Hotel (fee to non-guests), opened in
1859 as St. Chas. Hotel. Room 215 has furnishings from time when Gen. Grant
was a guest. Site of Ft Defiance is S. of hotel. (9) Miss. R. Hy. Bridge (1929.by
J.A.L.Waddell). Main channel span affords view of 3 states & confluence of Rs.
(sightseer's toll). (10) 4210 Sycamore St., Swift & Co. Oil Mm (O.appl.). (11) On St.3
(NW) 2.4, Roberts Bros. Cotton Gin (O.appl.), st's largest. 150. ILL.-KY. LINK
CHICAGO
RRs. (22 trunk & 17 belt lines): Maj. Stas.: LaSalle & Van Buren, LaSalle St. Sta.; S.
Dearborn & Polk Sts., Dearborn Sta.; Wells & Harrison Sts., Grand Central Sta.;
Roosevelt Rd. & Mich. Ave., Central Sta.; W. Madison & Canal Sts., Chi. & NW. Sta.;
Canal St. & Jackson Blvd., Union Sta. Buses: E. Randolph St. bet State St & S.
Wabash Ave., Trailways; 1157 S. Wabash Ave., Union Bus Depot, Greyhound. 6000
S. Cicero Ave., Mun. Airport (obsery.sm.fee). End of Grand Ave., Navy Pier, for Georg.
Bay & other steamship lines. Cruises from Mich. Ave. Bridge. Accoms.: All kinds.
Recr. info, at 425 E. 14th Blvd., Chi. Pk. Dist For. Preserve Dist. provides pic. &
camp sites, summer & winter sports facfls. Annual Events: Theodore Thomas Mem.
Concert, Orchestra Hall (early Jan.); Golden Gloves Tournament, Stadium (Feb.-Mar.);
Internat. Sportsmen's Show, Navy Pier (Feb.-Mar.); Easter Sunrise Serv., Soldier Field;
Mem. Day Parade; Ravinia Music Festival, Ravinia Pk. (July-Aug.); Chi. Reg. Artists
Exhibition, Art Institute (June-Aug.); Chl-Mackinac Races (July); Chicagoland Music
Festival, Soldier Field (Aug.); Internat. Live Stock Exposition, Internat. Amphitheater
(Nov.); numerous other music festivals, art exhibits, concerts, nationality group cele-
brations, regattas & trade shows. Info.: 1 N. LaSalle St., Assoc. of Com.; 2400 S. Mick
Ave., 111. Auto Club. Observ. Towers: Board of Trade Bldg., Tribune Tower & Wrigley
Bldg.
Chi., stretching 28 m along L. Mich., is 2nd city in size & importance in U.S., its
greatest livestock & grain-shipping market & distribution pt & world's leading meat-
packing center. Water-borne traffic in harbor exceeds that of Panama Canal. From
lake front, city rolls back across former swamplands over more than 200-sq.-mile
area, a fabric of neighborhoods, sm. towns & industrial communities. Site was key
pt on portage bet Gt Ls. & Gulf of Mex., on edge of country's richest agric. belt
& midway bet great ore & coal fields. Thousands of pioneers & foreign born were
drawn into ChL's expanding labor market. Present pop. is one-fourth foreign born,
with Poles, Germans, Russians, Itals. & Irish among largest groups. Most concen-
trated Negro community in world lives within sm. area bounded by 22nd & 67th
Sts. & Cottage Grove & Wentworth Aves.
518 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
The name, Chicago, comes from Ind. word for "strong, powerful," applied by Miami
to the R. because of pungent garlic beds along its banks. The modern metropolis
justifies orig. meaning in its vigor & bigness. It has world's largest hotel (Stevens),
largest commercial bldg. (Merchandise Mart) & one of largest stockyards. It is a
city of spectacular sports, mammoth conventions, fabulous fairs, mass demonstra-
tions & riots. Chi. has been, in turn, the pride of capitalistic enterprise & capital of
political corruption, gangsterism & market speculation. It has also been country's
greatest melting pot, hotbed of muckraking & leader of social reform, literary capi-
tal during "Amer. Renaissance" & home of univ. of internat. repute. Columbian
Exposition, 1893, celebrated Amer.'s position as world power & set architectural
standards for the nation. Cent, of Progress, 1933-34, flaunted miracles of science &
technology. In 1940's, Univ. of Chi. accepted responsibility for administration of
atomic energy labs, at Oak Ridge.
Along lake front is series of beautiful pks. & famous Mich. Ave. & L. Shore Dr.,
lined with great estates. Wacker Dr. follows curve of R. around the Loop, a tower-
ing mass of stone, concrete, steel & glass encircled by elevated tracks. From Board
of Trade Bldg., city's tallest structure, a gigantic aluminum "Ceres," goddess of
grain, looks down LaSalle St. Branches of Chi. R. cut rest of city into so-called N.,
S. & W. sides.
Hist, begins with the R. (see 111. Waterway Tour). In 1673 Joliet & Pere Marquette
portaged from Des Plaines to Chi. R. In 1676, Father Allouez was greeted by 111,
Inds. & sailed his canoe over the ice of frozen L. About 1690 a Miami Ind. band
est. 2 villages in vie., & Count Frontenac stationed garrison & trading post. Father
Francois Pinet's Mission lasted from 1696 to 1702, & then Fr.-Ind. settlement de-
clined. Jean Baptiste Point Sable, Santo Domingo Negro, built trading post in 1790's,
& here 1st permanent white settler, John Kinzie, made his home in 1804. Blockhs. &
stockade were erected by soldiers under Capt John Whistler, grandfather of painter,
& ft. was named for Henry Dearborn, Pres. Jefferson's Secy, of War. During War
of 1812, ft. was evacuated, & soldiers, women & children on their way to Detroit
were set upon by Inds. & more than half of them massacred. The Inds. burned Ft
Dearborn. It was not until Chi. was proposed as terminal for Ill.-Mich. Canal that
settlement really began.
City was platted in 1830 & inc. in 1833. Settlers crowded in after Black Hawk War,
& feverish speculation in land ensued. Surviving panic of 1837, Chi. became great-
est grain market in the world in 1840's & 50's & by time of Civil War was world's
leading lumber market & RR. center. Union Stock Yards were built & McCormick
<fc other factories rose. Most of the 300,000 residents were flimsily housed, & sewage
filtered into water supply, but mansions were rising along the L., mills, factories &
distilleries were busy, & saloons, race tracks & bawdy houses flourished. In July
1871, Main Chi. R. was diverted into S. Branch; & on Oct 8 the great fire began
in the O'Leary barn. Within little more than a day, 250 Chicagoans were dead &
thousands homeless & destitute. Nearly 18,000 bldgs. had been destroyed. Aided
by people all over Amer. & Europe, reconstruction began immediately, & in next
few yrs. a new city emerged. In 1892 the Drainage Canal was begun.
During last yrs. of 19th cent, nation-wide labor unrest found a focus in Chi. After
RR. strike of 1877 was broken by Fed. troops, the struggle became more intense &
bitter. Haymarket bombing & riot occurred in 1886; Alfred Parsons & 3 other
leaders were hanged. Gov. John P. Altgeld, one of great figures in Chi. hist., par-
doned 3 men who had been imprisoned. During Pullman Strike in 1894, Gov.
Altgeld protested Pres. Cleveland's action in sending in Fed. troops. Altgeld was
not reflected in 1896. During these same yrs. Hull H. was created (1889), Pub. Lib.
& Civic Federation founded, Louis Sullivan & other Chi, architects developed the
skyscraper, Theodore Thomas org. CM. Orchestral Assoc., & Univ. of Chi. was
opened (1892). In 1893 the "White City" on built-up marshlands (present Jackson
Pk.) housed World's Columbian Exposition, & in 1896 Wm. J. Bryan made "Cross
of Gold" speech at Democratic Nat. Convention. City also had gained unrivaled
reputation for political corruption, organized vice & hoodlumism. With 1900's, the
country's 1st juvenile court was est. & D. H. Burnham, architect of White City,
drew up plan for civic development. During World War I, Wm. Hale (Big Bill)
Thompson, an isolationist, was mayor, but Chi. entered the war with gusto & came
put with swollen profits. Thousands of Negroes had come to replace workers drawn
into armed forces, & conflict arose in congested areas. In South Side riot (1919),
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 519
22 Negro & 16 white persons were killed. In 1920's Chi. was notorious for gang-
sterism & corruption. Then came stock market crash, fall of Insull's empire & other
financial structures, repeal of prohibition & imprisonment of Al Capone. Chi. suf-
fered in the depression, but bravely opened Progress Exposition. Chi. still has
breezy, light-hearted air, but its sens., libs., & other civic institutions are convincing
evidence of maturity.
PTS. OF INT. DOWNTOWN: In Grant Pk. are: (1) Roosevelt Rd. & L. Shore Dr.,
Nat Hist Mus. (O.tours exc.Sun.cafeteria.1893.Gr.Ionic.by D.H.Burnham), one of
world's leading museums; formerly called Field Mus. In Stanley Field Hall are Carl
Akeley's groups of African natives. Of special note also are Malvina Hoffman's
"Races of Mankind," Hall of the Stone Age, Egyptian & meteorite colls. (2) NE.
of mus., John G. Shedd Aquarium (O.1924.Gr.Doric.by Graham, Anderson. Probst
& White), one of finest in U.S. (3) End of Congress St. concourse, Buckingham
Fountain (1927.by Bennett, Parsons & Frost, & Jacques Lambert), cited by "Ency-
clopedia Britannica" as "magnificent example of modern monumental fountain."
(4) Mich. Ave., at Adams St., Art Institute (O.guides), 2nd largest in U.S. Connected
with it are Sch. of Art, Goodman Mem. & Children's Theaters; Ryerson, Burnham
& other libs. Main bldg. (Ital.Ren.by Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge) was Parliament of
Religions Bldg., Columbian Exposition. In Hutchinson Wing is McKinlock Mem.
Ct with Carl Milles' (see) Triton Fountain. Notable colls, of 19th & 20th cent. Fr.,
Flemish primitive & Sp. painting. S. of Grant Pk. is Burnham Pk. (yacht harbor,
beaches.playfields.pic.f.), incl. site of Cent, of Progress. (5) Soldier Field, scene of
Dempsey-Tunney fight in 1927, Eucharistic Congress in 1926, Easter Sunrise Serv.
& Chicagoland Music Festival. Causeway on Northerly I. leads to (6) Adler Plane-
tarium (O.shows.l930.by Ernest Grunsfeld, Jr.), gift of Max Adler; Astronomical
Mus. Reprods. of Ft. Dearborn & Jean Point Sable's Cabin (N.O.).
(7) Loop, bounded by Wabash Ave., Van Buren & Wells & Lake Sts. State St is
shopping center. (8) 215 N. Mich. Ave., Chi. Galleries Assoc* (O.free); work of
leading Midwestern & Western artists. (9) 86 E. Randolph St., John Crerar Lib. (O.
wlcs.est.1894), internat known for medical, histological & other scientific colls.
Adj. is Lib. of Internat Relations (O.wks.). (10) Bet. Mich. Ave. & Garland Ct on
Randolph St, Pub. Lib. (1897.by Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge). Coll. began in 1872,
after the fire, with several thousand books sent from London under inspiration of
Thos. Hughes, author, & donated by Queen Victoria, Tennyson & other notables.
(11) 216 S. Mich. Ave., Orchestra Hall (1904.Fr.Ren.by Dan. Burnham), home of
Symphony Orchestra & Sunday Evening Club. Half cost of bldg. was pub. contri-
bution in honor of Theo. Thomas (1835-1905), orchestra founder. (12) Congress St.
bet. Mich. & Wabash Aves., Auditorium (1887-89.by Louis Sullivan), once housed
most famous theater & hotel in Amer. (13) Wabash Ave. & 9th St., Old St. Mary's
Ch. (Cath.1865), survivor of great fire; home of Paulist Choir. (14) State & Madison
Sts., Carson Pirie Scott Store (1899.by Adler & Sullivan). (15) State, Washington &
Randolph Sts. & Wabash Ave., Marshall Field Store (tours), one of largest & best
known in world. (16) State & Madison Sts., Mendel Bros. Store (tours). (17) Clark &
Washington Sts., Chicago Temple (Meth.Episc.1923.Goth.by Holabird & Roche); org.
in 1831. (18) 16 S. Clark St., ChL Loop Orthodox Synagogue (symbolic murals by
Raymond Katz). (19) S. La Salle & Monroe Sts., Chi. Stock Exchange (gallery). (20)
Clark St., bet Adams St. & Jackson Blvd., Fed. Bldg. (1905.Rom.Corinth.by H.I.
Cobb), scene of Standard Oil Co., Al Capone & other noted trials. (21) Jackson Blvd.
& La Salle St., Board of Trade (observ.tower.gallery), world's largest grain exchange
(org. in 1846). (22) 141 W. Jackson Blvd., Mercantile Exchange (gallery), world's
largest market for trading in eggs, butter, potatoes. (23) La Salle & Adams St., Field
Bldg. (1924.by Graham, Anderson, Probst & White), on site of 1st steel skyscraper,
the Home Life Insurance Bldg., designed by LeBaron Jenney in 1803. (24) Wacker
Dr. & Madison St, Civic Opera Bldg. (1929.by Graham, Anderson, Probst & White),
promoted by Sam. Insull.
(25) Mich. Ave. Bridge (1920) spans R. bet Site of Fort Dearborn & Site of Earliest
Settlement, on N. bank. (26) On W. Plaza, Wrigley Bldg. twin units, one with clock
tower (observ.sm.fee). (27) On E. Plaza, Trihune Tower (observ.sm.fee.tours). (28)
Several blocks E., Outer Dr. Bridge (1937), said to be largest bascule bridge in
world. (29) (W) along R. at N. Wells St, Merchandise Mart (1930.by Graham, An-
derson, Probst & White), a Marshall Field enterprise.
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DOWNTOWN
CHICAGO
COURTESY OF
CHICAGO ASSOCIATION OF
COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
57) POINTS OF INTEREST
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 521
PTS. OF INT. NORTH SIDE: Here are Bughouse Sq. & remains of 19th cent. Gold
Coast; modern towers & depressing tenements; an artist colony in outdated man-
sions; palatial -cafes & cheap saloons. Along L. (N) is new Gold Coast. Rush St.,
paralleling Mich. Ave. through oldest part of city, has been called "combination of
Manhattan's 52nd St. & Greenwich Village." Until its bridge was superseded by
Mich. Ave. Bridge, this st. was sedately lined with mansions like Cyrus Hal! Mc-
Connlck EL at No.675. (30) 40 E. Erie St., College of Surgeons (O.wks.). (31)
50 E. Erie St., John B. Murpny Memu Auditorium. (32) Superior & State Sts., Holy
Name Cathedral (Cath.). (33) Wabash Ave. & Huron St., St James Ch. (Episc.).
Chapel of St. Andrew (1913.by Bertram Goodhue). (34) Mich. Ave. & Chestnut St,
Fourth Presb. Ch. (Eng.Goth.by Ralph Adams Cram). (35) 919 N. Mich. Ave.,
Palmolive BIdg. (by Holabird & Root), topped by aluminum tower. (36) Along Lake-
shore Dr. are: Amer. Furniture Mart (1924) & CM. Campus of Northwestern Univ.
(see Evanston below). Montgomery Ward Mem* Bldg. (Tudor Goth.by Jas.Gambte
Rogers), houses oldest medical college in U.S.; Mus. (O) & Lib. (37) Walton PL &
Clark St., Bughouse Sq., near Washington Sq. Pk., oldest pk. in city; dedicated by
donor to free speech. (38) Across pk. on Clark St. is notable Newberry Lib. (O.wks.
est.1887.Sp.Romanes.by Henry I. Cobb); rare items in humanities <fe genealogy,
prints & maps.
(39) LaSalle St & Chi. Ave., Moody Bible Institute (O), where several thousand
students are trained for missionary serv. (interdenom.); founded in 1889 by Dwight
L. Moody, evangelist. (40) 618 W. Chi. Ave., Montgomery Ward & Co. (O.tours on
appl.), one of world's largest mail-order houses. (41) Along L. bet. North & Foster
Aves., Lincoln Pk. (f.boat.pic.playfields), city's largest. Notable Statue of Abr. Lin-
coln (1887.by Saint-Gaudens). La Sale Mon. (1889.by Jacques de la Laing) Gari-
baldi Mon. (1901.by Gherardi). U. S. Grant Mon. (1891.by Rebisso). Altgeld Mon.
(1915.by Borglum). (42) Zoological Gardens (O.yr.round). Eugene Field Mem.
(1920.by Ed. McCartan). Benj% Franklin Mon. (1896.by Rich. Parks). (43) N. of
Zoo, Lincoln Pk. Conservatory (O.free). Bates Fountain (1887.by Saint-Gaudens &
MacMonnies). (44) 1600 North, CM. Hist Soc. Mus, (O.free.wks.Sun.sm.fee); series
of 38 period rooms. (45) Clark St., bet. Ogden & Armitage Aves., ChL Acad. of
Sciences Mus. (O.free.l893Jtal.Ren.by Patton & Fisher). (46) 1121 N. Leavitt St,
Russian Holy Trinity Cathedral (Gr.Orth.); noteworthy icons. (47) Sheffield Ave.
& Melrose St., Viking Temple, serving Swedish neighborhood. (48) Webster &
Sheffield Aves., DePaul Univ. (Cath.coedfounded 1898). Adm. Bldg. (Mod.Goth.).
St. Vincenf s Ch. (Romanes.). (49) Halsted St & Belden Ave., Presb." TheoL Semi-
nary, founded in 1829 & endowed by Cyrus McCormick. Virginia Lib.; exhibits
from missions. (50) Broadway & Brompton Aves., Win. Booth Mem. College (1914.
Tudor Goth.by Holabird & Roche), Salvation Army sch. occupying Tilt mansion.
On Clark St. (N) are (51) Wrigley Field, home of ChL's Cubs & (52) Graceland
Cemetery, in which are Getty & Ryerson Tombs (by Louis Sullivan). N. of Lincoln
Pk. on lakeshore are 2 outstanding Cath. schs. (53) Mundelein College (women)
was founded at instigation of Cardinal Mundelein, 1930. College Bldg. (by J.W.
McCarthy & Nairne Fisher). (54) Loyola Univ. (men), founded 1879 by Jesuit order,
acquired beautiful lakeshore campus in 1922; recently purchased site for $12,000,-
000 medical & dental school. Elizabeth M. Cudahy Mem. Lib. (Mod.Romanes.by
A.N.Rebori); incunabula & rare Jesuit items.
PTS. OF INT. NORTHWEST & WEST SIDE: N. Branch threads heavily indus-
trialized sec., then flows (N) among pks., fors. & suburban villages; several colleges,
large high schs., housing projects, hospitals & sanitoria in area. Sec. W. & S. of Loop
was once great melting pot of Old World neighborhoods. Hull H. & other settle-
ments are here. (55) 400 W. Madison St., Daily News Bldg. (1929.by Holabird &
Roche). (56) Canal St. bet. Adams St & Jackson Blvd., Union Sta. (1926.by Graham,
Anderson, Probst & White). (57) Canal & Van Buren Sts., Post Office (1934.by Gra-
ham, Anderson, Probst & White), largest in world. (58) 538 De Koven St., Site of
O'Leary Barn, where Fire of 1871 began. (59) 800 S. Halsted St., Hull H. (O),
founded by Jane Addams in 1889, one of 1st in U.S. Labor Mus. Benedict Art
Gallery. Jane Addams Study. (60) Adams & Des Plaines Sts., St Patrick's Ch.
(Cath. 1896), oldest ch. edifice in Chi.; fine windows by Thos. O'Shaughnessy. (61)
Des Plaines & Randolph Sts., Site of Hayinarket Bombing (1886). (62) Randolph
St. bet Des Plaines & Sangamon Sts., Farmers' Market; to N., Fulton St Market
522 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
(63) Grand Ave. & Morgan St., Chi. Commons (est.1894), settlement where fore-
runner of "Survey" was published. (64) 1400 Augusta Blvd., Northwestern Univ.
Settlement (O), in Polish neighborhood; founded in 1891. (65) Augusta Blvd. &
Sacramento Ave., Humboldt Pk., one of city's most beautiful; notable sculptures.
(66) Central Pk. Ave. & Madison St., Garfield Pk. (summer & winter recr.facils.),
with world-famous Conserv. (O.yr.round.4 maj.shows). (67) Central Ave. & Jackson
Blvd., Columbus Pk., landscaped in prairie style. (68) Ogden Ave. & Washington &
Ashland Blvds., Union Pk., where May Day parade traditionally starts; Haymarket
Riot Mon. (69) Madison St. & Damen Ave., Lewis Institute, 4-yr. college founded
in 1896; Psychological Mus. (O.est 1937). (70) Madison & Honore St., Chi. Stadium,
where F. D. Roosevelt was 1st nominated for Presidency. (71) Bounded by Congress,
Taylor & Wood Sts. & Wolcott Ave., Medical Center (O.appL), incl. Cook Cty.
Hospital & Sch. of Nursing; Loyola Univ. Sch. of Med., Univ. of 111. College of
Med. & Dept of Pub. Welfare bldgs. (72) Bet. 14th & 16th Sts., Morgan St. &
Racine Ave., Old S. Water St Market, largest in U.S. (73) Homan Ave. & Arthing-
ton St., Sears, Roebuck & Co. (tours), hqs. of world's largest mail-order house. (74)
Roosevelt Rd. & Sacramento Ave., Douglas Pk., scene of Orthodox Jewish New
Year ceremonial. (75) 3500 Douglas Blvd., Jewish People's Institute (O), social &
educ. center. (76) 3448 Douglas Blvd., Hebrew Theol. College for Orthodox rabbis
& leaders; noteworthy lib. (77) 26th St & Western & Blue I. Ayes., Internat Har-
vester Co. (O.appL), successor to Cyrus McCormick's works built in 1847. (78) E.
end of Damen Ave. Bridge, Marquette Mem., mahogany cross comm. place where
Father Marquette made camp, 1674-75.
PTS. OF INT. SOUTH SIDE: Extending beyond Calumet R., this area cont.
through interlocking communities to edge of Calumet cities of Indiana (see). Along
lakeshore & in wooded suburbs are many of CM.'s most beautiful Hs. Inland area
is welter of industrial plants, stockyards & RR. yds. Black Belt, from 16th to 67th
St., is a city in itself, where hundreds of thousands of Negroes live in area of about
6 sq. miles. In industrial area are Polish, Czechoslovak, & other communities, incl.
Irish neighborhood described by J. T. Farrell. (79) 1463 S. Wabash Ave., Coliseum,
in which Pres. candidates were nominated before 1932; Wall of Libby Prison is part
of bldg. (80) Mich. Ave. & Cullerton St, in Gold Coast area, Second Presb. Ch.
(1874.by Jas. Renwick); windows by Wm. Morris. (81) Around Cermak Rd. &
Wentworth Ave., Chinatown, 3rd largest in U.S. Chinese City Hall; on 3rd fl. are
Temple Shrine & Hall of Justice (O). (82) Wabash Ave. & 24th St., Quinn Chapel
(org.1847), built by Negro congr. (83) 3300 Fed. St., Armour Institute of Tech-
nology, founded 1892. (84) End of 35th St, Stephen A. Douglas Mon. (1879.by
Leonard Volk), near site of Camp Douglas (Civil War) & tracks of 111. Cent. RR.,
which the "Little Giant" helped to est. Tomb is in base of shaft. (85) 700 Oakwood
Blvd., Abr. Lincoln Center (O.by Frank Lloyd Wright), internat. inter-racial &
inter-religious institution. (86) Halsted St. bet. Pershing Rd. & 47th St., Union
Stock Yards (special train from Indiana Ave. makes loop tours over yards), where
millions of animals are penned until removed to Wilson, Armour or Swift plants
(tours) or shipped to feeders & outside packers. (87) 4630 McDowell Ave., Univ. of
CM. Settlement, founded 1894 by Wm. Rainey Harper, 1st pres. of Univ. (see below).
(88) Cottage Grove Ave. & 49th St, St Xavier College (Cath.women); founded
1912 as successor to academy opened in 1846. (89) Along 51st St. from South Pk.
Way to Cottage Grove Ave., Washington Pk, (pic.swim.recr.facils.), well-equipped
playground for Negro community. (90) On Midway Plaisance, Fountain of Time
(by Lorado Taft). (91) Plaisance, Midway of Columbian Exposition, conns, pk. with
wooded Jackson Pk. (f.boatswim.pic.sports facils.boat harbor). At N. end is (92)
Mus. of Science & Industry (O.restaurant), housed in reconstruction of Exposition's
Fine Arts Bldg. (by Chas. Atwood). Exhibits incl. machinery of farming, bldg.,
mining (sm.fee), communication, travel, welding & other work; theater & lib. (93)
96th St. & Longwood Dr., in Ridge Pk. Fieldhouse, Vanderpoel Mem. Art Gallery
(O.free). (94) E., around L. Calumet, is Pullman, model town built 1881 by Geo. M.
Pullman for his employees. After epochal strike of 1894, Pullman Co. was denied
by 111. Supreme Ct. the right to lease to its workers, & town bldgs. were sold. (95)
Along lake front at E. 89th St., Carnegie-Ill* Steel Corp. Works (O.appL).
(96) Univ. of Chicago. Campus covers 100 as. along N. side of Midway, with 85
Goth, bldgs. in several quadrangles. City's 1st univ. was in operation 1857-86 on
land donated by Stephen A. Douglas. In 1889 the Assoc. Bapt Educ. Soc. took
TRIPS OUT OF CHICAGO 523
action for est of a new college, & $1,000,000 was pledged, $600,000 by John D.
Rockefeller. Marshall Field donated land, & Univ. of Chi. was incorporated 1890.
Win. Rainey Harper, Yale Univ. Prof, of Hebrew, was 1st pres. & assembled
notable faculty, & Rockefeller subscribed another $1,000,000 to implement his
plans. Univ. is one of country's leading institutions in influence & scholarship, as
well as one of its largest; adm. through 4 Divisions Humanities, BioL, Phys. &
Social Sciences; 6 professional schools; & Univ. College. On 59th St. at Dorchester
Ave. is Internal H. (1932.Holabird & Roche). Facing 59th St., Ida Noyes Hall (1916.
Tudor Gottuby Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge), women's clubh. Rockefeller Mem.
Chapel (nonsectby Bertram Goodhue), striking adaptation of Goth, cathedral; Laura
Spelman Rockefeller Carillon. In same block are President's H., College Bldg.,
Lexington Hall & Breasted Hall (1931. by Mayers, Murray & Phillip), named for the
late Jas. H. Breasted (1865-1935), archaeologist, author & for many yrs. director
of Oriental Institute, which has treasures of ancient civilizations. In block N., bet.
57th & 58th St., CM. Theol. Seminary (coed.), affiliated with Univ.'s Divinity Sch.;
founded by Congr. Ch. in 1855. Among seminary bldgs. (1928.by H.H.Riddle) are
Lawson Tower, Clarence Sidney Funk Cloisters, Thorndike Hilton Mem. Chapel &
Graham Taylor Hall, (E) is (affiliated) Meadville Tfaeol. Seminary, founded in
1844. Main quadrangle occupies 4 blocks with entrance at Mitchell Tower, copied
from Magdalen College, & HntcMnson Hall. Other bldgs. of Tower Group (1903.
by Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge) line sunken garden of Hutchinson Ct. Rosenwald
Hall; geol. & geographical mus. Walker Mus. (O.wks.), outstanding paleontological
center. Harper Mem. Lib. (O.wks.), one of great libs, of world.
TRIPS OUT OF CHICAGO
I. CHICAGO (S) to MOMENCE. 52. Stl
Via: Calumet Pk,, Harvey & Chicago Heights.
Stl follows old Hubbard Trl. (see) through industrial centers, spreading suburbs &
aborted subdivisions. 15.5. CALUMET PK. At 13635 Western Ave. is main packing
plant of Libby, McNeil & Libby (O.appL). 16.5. RTVERDALE. 19. HARVEY,
industrial center promoted in 1890's by T. W. Harvey, lumberman. 20.5., J. with
US6 (see). 23. WASHINGTON PK. RACE TRACK. (Aug-Sept). Adj. pk. is Home-
wood, platted 1852. 23.5. GLENWOOD MANUAL TRAINING SCH. (O), institu-
tional farm & village for underprivileged boys, on edge of Valparaiso Moraine. On
Moraine is CHI. HEIGHTS 28.; large steel, glass & other plants (O.appl.). L with
US30 (see). Sank Trl. For. Preserve (piacamp.) 33. CRETE. Lincoln Field Race
Tracks (Sept.). 40. BEECHER, shipping pt for farm area. 50.5. ST. JUDE'S SEM-
INARY (Cath.O.Sun.& holidays). 52. MOMENCE, old town on Kankakee R., once
stopping place on Hubbard Trl.
n. CHICAGO (SW) to JOLIET. 40. US66
Via: Cicero, Berwyn, (Brookfield Zoo), Lyons & Stateville.
US66 follows Jackson Blvd. to J. with Ogden Ave., on which it angles (SW) paral-
leling Des Plaines R. 7. CICERO, independent industrial city of some 70,000 pop. Of
100 or more industrial plants, Western Electric Co., Cermak Rd. & Cicero Ave.,
is largest. Al Capone had hqs. in Cicero & made town notorious until 1931. Haw-
thorne Race Track (Sept-Oct). 9. BERWYN, large & almost wholly residential
town. Just (W) is J. with Harlem Ave. on which US66 turns (S) for short distance,
then (SW) on Joliet Rd. across watershed. 12.5., J. with 1st Ave., on which, (N) 2 m ,
is Chi. Zoological Pk. (pic.), one of largest in U.S. Ancient L. plain sweeps gradually
(W) up to Valparaiso Moraine, which extends almost to Joliet L. Chi., ancestor of
L. Mich., was formed bet. this ridge & retreating ice sheet, & beautiful L. reg. was
thus created. 36. STATEVBLLE, on US66A, modern penitentiary & prison farm.
40. JOLIET (see US30).
BQL Loop tour on US34 & S165 (W) to AURORA & return on St31 & US30 Alt. 85.
Via: Cicero, La Grange, (Downers Grove), Naperville, Batavia & Wheaton.
Trip runs through rolling country of Du Page Cty., sett, more than 100 yrs. ago &
still delightfully rural, with Gr. Rev. farrnhs., sm. wooden chs. in severely Goth,
style, & only 4 mfg. centers. 0. CHICAGO. US34 is united with US66 (see Trip II)
as far as J. with St.42A. 11. LYONS, near place of portage for Marquette & Jolliet.
524 TRIPS OUT OF CHICAGO
13.5. LA GRANGE. J. with US45 (see). 21.5. DOWNERS GROVE (1832), the
pioneers' 1st "island in the midst of prairie." Downer MODU, on grave of Pierce
Downer, 1st settler. 23.5. LISLE* J. with St53.
SIDE TRIP: On St.53 (N) l m to Morton Arboretum (O.free), est. by Jay Morton, son of
founder of Arbor Day.
29. NAJPERVUXE, oldest town in Du Page Cty. Most of pop. is native born,
with many of German ancestry. KroeMer Mfg. Co. Plant (tours on appl.), est. in
1887; one of world's largest makers of upholstered furniture. Evangelical Theo-
logical Seminary, est. in 1873, affiliated with Northwestern Univ. (see). North
Centra! College, founded as Plainfield College in 1861. Old Main (1870 & 1890).
New York EL (1849). Mrs. Bailey Hobson's H. (O.appl.l830's), home of wife of
town's 1st settler. Trip follows St65 (W) to AURORA at 38., J. with US30 (see).
Return trip turns (N) on St.31 (parallel to US30). 45. MOOSEHEART, children's
community maintained by L.O.O.M. (grounds O.guides), run by the young people;
hospital, research labs., bank, auditorium. 47. BATAVIA, one of earliest settle-
ments after Black Hawk War; many Hs. of limestone that once made it the
"Quarry City." City bldgs. are on island in Fox R. Near city are Riverbank Labs.
(acoustical). 50. GENEYA, attractive town spreading across Fox R.; many Gr.
Rev. bldgs. J. with US30 Alt., over which trip cont.
SIDE TRIP: On St.31 (N) 2^ from J. is St. Charles, long est, community in recr. area.
Potawatomie Pfc. (boatswim.pic J.& other facils.); amphitheater & scenic drives.
61. On US30 Alt. WHEATON, seat of Wheaton College & Theosophical Society
center & birthpl. of Judge Elbert Gary (see). Town's 1st settlers were the Wheaton
bros. in 1838. Wheaton College was org. as 111. Institute in 1838 by Wesleyan
Meth. ch.; reorg. in 1860 under Jonathan Blanchard; accredited, nonsect, liberal
arts college, with high standards. Blanchard Hall (Vict.Goth.org. 1854). Theosoph-
ical Soc* Temple (O.wks.by LK.Pond); interpretative murals by R. B. Farley;
notable lib. On Cty. Rd. (S) is Warrenvffle (sett 1832). Col. Warren H. (1834.Gr.
Rev.). Albright Gallery (O.Sun.aft.l850's), in old ch. bought by A. E. Albright,
painter, in 1920's. Adj. are studios of his artist sons: Ivan L., & Marvin M. (Zsissly).
65.5. (N. of hy.) GLEN ELLYN & LOMBARD. Lombard Ch. (1869), typical
"Amer. Goth." in wood, with vertical siding. Lilacia Pk.; annual festival. In Glen
Ellya are Stacy's Tavern (N.O.I 837.Gr.Rev.) & Meifa. Meeting H. (1839.Gr.Rev.).
68. J. with St.83. Beyond J. is Rd leading (N) to Elmhurst (sett.1837), largest center
in cty. (through RR. & bus conns, accoms.). Elmhwrst College, coed, liberal arts
sen. founded 1871. Orig. Main Hall & Music Hall. US30 Alt. cont. (E) on Roosevelt
Rd. to lakeshore, at 85,
IV. CHICAGO (W) to ELGIN, 38. US20
Via: Oak Park, River Forest, Maywood & Melrose Park.
Trip follows City 20 from Michigan Blvd. (W) on Washington Blvd. to city limits.
10. OAK PIC, world's largest village (pop.c.65,000). Some of Frank Lloyd Wright's
most characteristic houses are here & in near-by River Forest. At 210 Forest Ave.,
Thomas H., in prairie style. In Blue Parrot Patio, 1120 Westgate Ave., is Celebrity
Room, with silhouettes of Wright's finest bldgs. Lake & Grove St., Unity Temple
(1905.by Wright), spireless monolith in concrete. First Congr. Ch. (by Norman S.
Patton); Biblical Mus. 621 Garfield Blvd., Oak Pk. Conservatory (O.free.chrysanthe-
mum show, Nov.Dec.). RIVER FOREST, beautiful suburb developed around old
Thatcher Sta., on Chi. & N.W. RR. At Chi. Ave. & Thatcher St., Thatcher's Woods,
former lands of D. G. Thatcher. Trailside Mus. of Nat Hist. (O.free) occupies
Thatcher H. (1856). At Division & Bonnie Brae Sts. are yellow-brick bldgs. of
Concordia Teachers College (Luth.); good lib. Forest Ave. & Division St., Rosary
College (Cath.), liberal arts sch. for women, housed in fine Goth, bldgs. (by Ralph
Adams Cram.). Division St at Harlem Ave., Dominican House of Studies, seminary.
12* MAYWOOD, good-sized industrial town. 14.5. J. with US20 (see). Trip angles
(NW) through dairy country. 20.5. ADDISON, German Luth. center for more than
100 yrs. Near ONTAMOVUXE, 30., is DL Pet Cemetery. 36. ELGIN (see), indus-
trial center on Fox R.
V. CHICAGO (W) & (N) to WIS. LINE. 65. City 12, US12.
Via: Park Ridge, Des Plaines, L. Zurich, Wauconda, Fox L., Chain O' Lakes St. Pk. &
Richmond.
TRIPS OUT OF CHICAGO 525
City 12 follows Mich. Blvd. & Lake Shore Dr. to I. with Foster Ave., then W. on
Foster Ave. 17. PARK RIDGE, large suburb among wooded hills. Trip cont. (NW)
through great summer playground among glacial Ls. in Fox R. valley. 21.5. City 12
unites with US12 just N. of DBS FLAINES (sett. 1830's.). Anneal Meth. summer
camp (hotel & cotts.). 37.5. L. ZURICH. Popular resort village is on E. shore, 54.
FOX LAKE, resort village (bathh.pic.grounds.dance halls.cottages.restaurants).
Chain-C^-Lakes St. Pk. (f .boathunt.bathh.pic.camp.sports facils.), one of major recr.
areas of Midwest. Among largest Ls. are Fox, Grass, Pistakee, Nippersink & L.
Catherine. 59. SPRING GROVE FISH HATCHERY (O). 64. RICHMOND, re-
sort village; sett. 1837. 65. WIS. LINE.
YL CHI. (N) to WIS. LINE (Kenosha). 53. St.42,
Via: Evanston, Wilmette, Kenilworth, Winnetka, Glencoe, Highland Park, Lake Forest,
N. Chicago, Waukegan & Zion.
St.42 is lakeshore drive through beautiful suburbs & pks. & past Mundelein College
& Loyola Univ. (see Chi. North Side above).
12. EVANSTON
901 Davis St., Chi. & N.W. Ry.; 909 Church St., Chi., Milwaukee RR.; 79 W. Monroe
St., N. Shore Line. 1201 Central St., Evanston Bus Co. Community golf course &
(daily fee) clubs. Northwestern Univ. & Children's theaters. Annual North Shore art-
ists* exhibit at Art Center. Info.: 519 Davis St., C. of C.
Evanston is home of Northwestern Univ. & Nat College of Education & the nat.
hqs. of W.C.T.U. Adj. CM., it has noticeably different character, distinguished by
wide, shady, uniformly lighted sts. & lake frontage given over to pks., beaches &
private estates. Industries are restricted to well-defined areas. In 1674 Father Mar-
quette stopped in harbor at present Grosse Pt, & 1st settlement was made here in
1854. A yr. later, Northwestern Univ. was opened, & village named in honor of
John Evans, a trustee.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) 1703 Orrington Ave., Pub. Lib. (1904); Hist Soc. Mus. & Art
Center. (2) 1730 Chi. Ave., Frances E. Willard H. (O.free), now a rnus., was family
home of famous Temperance leader. Hqs. of W.C.T.U. are in brick bldg. to rear.
(3) Grosse Point Lighth. (N.O.I 865). (4) 2770 Sheridan Rd., Nat College of Edu-
cation (est.1886), accredited 4-yr. college giving training for teaching & parenthood;
cooperates with Chi. social agencies. Harrison Hall houses well-equipped Children's
Sch. & 3 libs. incl. Lib. of Childhood. (5) Haven St., opp. Northwestern Univ.,
Seabury-Westera Theol. Seminary (Episa), created in 1933 as union of Seabury
Divinity Sch. (Faribault, Minn.1858) & Western Theol. Seminary (Chi.1883). Col-
lege bldgs. (1929.Goth.) incl. Anderson Mem. ChapeL Hibbard Oriental & Gregory
Mem. Libs* Foot of Garrett PL bet. Willard PL & Tech. Institute (see below),
Garrett Biblical Institute, graduate (Meth.Episc.) theological school, founded 1855.
(6) L. Mich, shore, bet Clark & Lincoln Sts., Northwestern Univ., on campus of 75
as. with 84 bldgs.; one of leading institutions of higher education in U.S. It was est
1851 as nonsectarian college, although its founders Grant Goodrich, Dr. John
Evans & Orrington Lunt were of Meth. faith. Evanston College for Ladies,
founded in 1871, with Frances E. Willard as pres., was absorbed by Univ. North-
western incl. Technological Institute, Grad, Sch., College of Liberal Arts, Schs. of
Commerce, Journalism, Speech, Education & Music, on Evanston campus; & in
Chi., Medical & Dental Schs., Sch. of Law & Univ. College. On James A. Patten
Campus (N): Technological Institute (tours. 1942), largest bldg. on campus; gift of
W. P. Murphy. Men's Quadrangle. Patten Gymnasium, dedicated 1940. Dyche
Stadium is (W) on Central St. Dearborn Observatory (O.Fri.night), on lakefront;
has equipment (1863) from old Univ. of Chi. Howes Mem. Chapel (O. early Eng.
Goth). On Milton H. Wilson Campus (S): Lunt Bldg. (1893), gift of a founder.
Deering Lib. (by J.G.Rogers), beautiful limestone & marble bldg. in style of King's
College; coll. of World War II underground publications of Denmark, Greece <&
Norway. Univ. Hal! (1869), with clock tower (1879). Annie May Swift HalL
Mineralogfcal Lab. (O.). Old College (1855). Fisk Hall (Romanes. 1898), former
Evanston Acad. From S. campus (W) are Women's Quadrangles, Scott Hall, social
center, & Sch. of Music.
Bordering Evanston (N) is Wilmette, largest N. shore community. Outstanding pt
of int as Baha'i House of Worship (by Louis Bourgeois); cornerstone laid in 1912,
inter, to be completed by 1953. This graceful, 9-sided temple will be surrounded
52$ EAST ST. LOUIS, ILLINOIS
by college, hospital & other bldgs. Architecture & ornament (designed by Bourgeois)
symbolize basic beliefs unity of religion, cooperation with scientific & social or-
ganizations; world federal gov.; equal opportunity; destruction of divisive prejudices.
First Baha'i temple was built in Caucasus by Persian colony in 1890's. The WUmette
nat. temple is only one in America. 20. KENELWORTH. Graves of Eugene & Mrs.
Field, in churchyard of Holy Comforter Ch. (Episc.), 333 Warwick Rd. 22. WIN-
NETKA, large & attractive suburb, inc. 1869; became widely known for experiment
in publ. schools designed to teach children self -gov. At 584 Lincoln St. is Hadley
Correspondence Sch. for the Blind. Another village with progressive sch. system is
GLENCOE, 25. Large residential suburb of HIGHLAND PK., 29., began with
stagecoach tavern (1834). Ravinia Pk. (S), once an amusement pk., is now scene
of Ravinia Music Festival (July-Aug.). 32. FORT SHERIDAN, used in Sp.-Amer.
War; permanent unit of Fifth Army Area. 35. LAKE FOREST, college town &
wealthy residential suburb. Sheridan Rd. & Deerpath Ave., Lake Forest College,
ranking coed., nonsect, liberal arts college; chartered in 1857 under Presb. auspices.
College Hal! (1878.remod.), orig. bldg.; Reid Mem. Lib. (1889) & Chapel; Durand
Commons & Plaza (1907-08). Across Sheridan Rd. is Presb. Ch. (1871), org. in
1859. 360 Deerpath Ave., Pub. Lib.; won Craftsmanship Award in 1931. Westleigh
& Sheridan Rds., Barat College of the Sacred Heart (Cath.), liberal arts college for
women. Fine red-stone College Bldg. (1904) stands in midst of 45-a. wooded campus.
40. GREAT LAKES NAVAL TRAINING STA. (O.), one of largest in U.S. Be-
yond is industrial suburb of N. CHICAGO. Along L. is Foss Pk. (summer camp
sites). 43. WAUKEGAN, mfg. center with busy harbor; on site of Ind. village. N.
is Dunes Pk. (playgrounds.pic.camp.sm.fee); on Chi. & N.W. RR. Flora of special
int. 50* ZION, founded in 1901 by John Alex. Dowie, organizer of Christian Cath.
Apostolic Ch. Lace, cement & other factories were est by W. G. Voliva, who suc-
ceeded Dowie. At first a typically theocratic community, Zion has been modernized
but still enforces fairly strict blue laws. Annual Passion Play. Zion H. & Zion
Admu Bldg. t on Elijah Ave. St.42 crosses dairy, reg. of which Zion & WESTHROP
HARBOR, 52., are centers. 53. ELL.-WIS. LINE.
E. ST. LOUIS ILLINOIS
14 Missouri Ave., Relay (RR). Depot. 505 Missouri Aye., Greyhound Bus Sta. Off St.3
(S) 2m from city, Curtiss Airport. (See also St. Louis, Mo.), Good accoms. & recr.
facils. Info.: C. of C., Spivey Bldg.
East St. Louis, important meat-packing & mfg. center, is surrounded by smaller
industrial suburbs of big city across R. Reg. is assoc. with Geo. Rogers Clark, who
took possession of Northwest during Rev. Bet. Cahokia at outskirts & downriver
Kaskaskia were trading post & fts., Fr. missions & settlements, taken by Brit, in
1763 & then conquered by Clark ("Washington of the West") in 1778, by tact
instead of bloodshed.
TRIPS OUT OF EAST ST. LOUIS
I. E. ST. LOUIS (S) to FT. KASKASKIA ST. PK. 57. St.38 Cty. Rd.
Via: Cahokia & Ft. Chartres St. Pk. St.3 crosses Amer. Bottom where Fr. colonists
made 1st settlements in st. & created civilized life in the wilderness, making friends
with Inds. & dealing prosperously in fur. 3.5. CAHOKIA POWER PLANT (O.appl.).
4. CAHOKIA, an islet in the industrial sea; oldest town in 111., home of ultramodern
Parks College. In 1698 Seminary of Foreign Missions est. mission here among
Tamaroa Inds., & Cahokia remained only Miss. Valley settlement not under Jesuit
jurisdiction. After ft. passed to Brit, in 1765, the Cahokians were undisturbed in
their way of life. When 30 of Clark's Kentuckians & a multitude of Fr. who had
taken oath of allegiance arrived at Cahokia one summer day in 1788, the ft. was
surrendered without a shot being fired. When the Brit & Ind. allies attacked Sp.
city of St Louis in 1780, Clark crossed R. from Cahokia to aid Don Fernande de
Leyba. There is evidence that Terese de Leyba, the Gov.'s sister, was the 1 woman
loved by the leader of the Big Knives. She went back to Spain, & entered a convent,
where she died 2 yrs. after Clark's death (1818). In 1795, Cahokia became seat of
cty. covering about three-quarters of what is now 111. PTS. OF INT.: Cahokia Cth.
St Mem. (O.restaurantl760.by Francois Saucier). It was used as cth, 1793-1814, &
TRIPS OUT OF EAST ST. LOUIS 527
then as saloon. From St. Louis World's Fair in 1904, it was moved to Jackson PL,
Chicago; then, in 1939, brought back to orig. site & faithfully rest., with vertical-log
walls, falling eaves & veranda. At J. of St.3 & St 157, Cfa. of the Holy Family (1799),
oldest ch. in 111. Near-by is handsome new ch. & Old Caliokia Cemetery. E. of Ch.,
Jarrot Mansion (O.c.l800.Col.), oldest brick H. in 111. Across hy., Parks College of
Aeronautical Technology, called "Harvard of the Air." Est. as private sch. in 1927,
it is oldest Federally-approved aviation college in U.S. (1928) &, in 1946, it became
college of St. Louis Univ. (see).
8,5. DUPO (Prairie du Pont). 15. COLUMBIA, an attractive German settlement
25. LEMENS. J. with Rd.
SIDE TRIP: On Rd. (S) 11^ to Renault, named for director of mining in John Law's
Mississippi Bubble (1718-20) scheme, aimed to pay off Fr. nat debt by exploiting La. Terr.
Disappointed in dreams of gold & silver, the expedition became a colony with several hun-
dred Santo Domingo Negroes, brought be Renault
42. RUMA. J. with Stl55.
SIDE TRIP: On St.155 (SW) 7m to Prairie Du Socher, founded in 1720's by Law's Fr.
colonists, llm Fort Chartres St. Pk. (pic,facils.mus.), on Miss. R., on site of last ft. in N.
Amer. to fly Fr. flag. The 1st Fort du Chartres was wooden stockade built in 1720 & rebuilt
in 1727. In 1753-56, tile famous engineer, Vauban, built great stone stronghold, pride of
New France. In 1765 it became Ft. Cavendish, seat of Brit. gov. in 111. country until 1772.
Gateway & combined Chapel & Guardh. are reconstructed & orig. Powder Magazine
restored.
55.5. J. with Rd. leading 1.5 m (W) to Ft Kaskaskia St Pk. (pic.facils.). Kaskaskia,
one of principal Fr. settlements & 1st capital of 111., was destroyed when Miss. R.
changed its course & overflowed neck of land bet. it & Kaskaskia R. Kaskaskia today
lies bet. old & new channels, the only part of 111. W. of the great R. Earthworks of
ft. are on crest of the bluffs, Garrison Mil Cemetery & Pierre Menard H. (O.I 802.
Fr.Col.), at foot of the hill. Settlement, founded in 1703, petitioned for protection
during Fr. & Ind. War, & palisaded ft. was built In 1765 the Fr. destroyed it rather
than turn ft. over to Brit.
Geo. Rogers Clark, born (1752) in Va., was 2nd of 10 children. Five of the brothers
were Rev. officers, & Wm., the youngest, shared fame of Meriwether Lewis. At 19,
the tall, red-haired, dark-eyed Virginian took up land in Ky. & gained a following.
Ky. had always been neutral ground for all tribes, & the Inds. resented the white
settlers. Clark saw necessity for defense of the frontier <&, in 1776, influenced Va.
Assembly to org. Kty Cty. & aid the frontier. Clark conceived daring plan of pos-
sessing Fr. key fts. in Miss. Valley Cahokia, Kaskaskia & Vincennes (see Indiana)
& eventually, Detroit (see Mich.). In summer of 1778, he had 175 frontiersmen,
scouts & Ind. fighters under ruthless discipline on Corn I. (see Ky.). The men set out
on June 24, 1778, marching single file over wilderness trls., each man with hunting
knife, hatchet & rifle. On evening of July 4th, they arrived at Kaskaskia, & within
a few minutes the ft. was taken peacefully. The Fr. awoke to find the dreaded Big
Knives in their village, but Clark's handling was notable for sagacity & tact, & he
could announce that France was supporting the Rev. The Kaskaskians joined in the
march on Cahokia (see above). Father Gibault carried the news to Vincennes, which
was "captured without an American present." Clark's dealing with the Inds. in
particular reveals his extraordinary flair for leadership. The Meadow Inds., a
vagrant band, tried to surprise him in his Cahokia hqs. At the council, Clark or-
dered that the "silly" Inds. who had "tried to catch a bear asleep" should be treated
like squaws. Then the Inds. pleaded with him to smoke the peace pipe. In Feb.
1799, Clark began arduous march to retake Vincennes, which Gen. Hamilton had
recaptured. Clark's men crossed the 111. R., wading for hours in icy water, the Little
Wabash, Embarrass & Big Wabash Rs. to surprise Hamilton. Beyond Vincennes was
Detroit, but "for want of a few men," due to bankruptcy of Va.'s treasury, Clark
was denied that victory. Neither he nor his men had been paid, & his lands were
mortgaged to finance expeditions. After the Kentuckians were defeated at Blue
Licks, Gov. Benj. Harrison censured Clark & demanded vouchers so that accounts
could be settled. The auditor could find no vouchers. Under Jas. Wilkinson (see),
the adventurer-soldier who had been in Conway Cabel against Washington, an anti-
Clark campaign labeled the great frontiersman a marauder, cheat & drunkard.
Clark's career was at an end. The Va. Assembly, in 1812, presented him witn annual
pension of $400. Half-paralyzed & old at 56, Clark died at Locust Grove, in Feb.,
528 TRIPS OUT OF EAST ST. LOUIS
1818. Nearly 100 yrs. later, in 1913, more than 2,000 vouchers were found among
old documents in Lib. of Congress, Clark's name was cleared of reproach & a mem.
unveiled in Charlottesville (see Va.), where he was born. The noted Draper Coll. of
Clark material is in lib. of Wis. St. Hist. Coll. (see Wis.).
H. E. ST. LOUIS (E) to LEBANON. 22. US50.
Via: Grand Marais St. Pk. & French Village. Trip follows W. end of Trace Rd.,
from Louisville, Ky., through Vincennes, Ind. to Cahokia. At E. edge of town is J.
with Kings Hy. which runs (S) l m to Grand Marais St Pk. (pic.swim.), improved
recr. area with several Ls., riding stables & trls. 6. FRENCH VILLAGE, remains of
old settlement 11. J. with SU59.
SIDE TRIP: On St.159 (S) 5*a to Belleville, industrial center on bluffs at edge of Amer.
Bottom. Town site was platted in 1814, but large German pop. dates from development of
coal fields in 1830's. Has many brick Hs., buSt when town was brickmaking center 100
yrs. ago. In vie. is Scott Field, hqs. of Air Forces Tech. Sch.
18. JOHN MASON FECK MEM. (st. pic. ground), on site of Rock Spring Seminary,
1st institution of higher learning in 111.; founded by Bapt. missionary in 1827, it is
now Shurtleff College, in Alton (see below). 22. LEBANON, early 19th cent, town;
home of McKendree College, oldest Meth. college in Middle West, founded by
pioneers in 1 828 as Lebanon Seminary; on beautiful campus in highest part of town.
Old Main (1850). Mermaid Inn (N.O.1830), where Lincoln, Dickens & other noted
travelers stopped.
HL E. ST. LOUIS (E) to GREENVILLE. 40. US40
Via: Cahokia Mounds St. Pk. 4. FAIRMONT CITY, industrial suburb; large
Mexican pop. 6.5. CAHOKIA MOUNDS ST. PIC, (mus.camp.pic.refreshments.
facils.) around Great Cahokia Mound & 80 or more smaller earthworks. Cahokia
Mound, usually called Monks Mound because of Trappist monastery that stood at
base (1809-13), is largest orig. earthwork in U.S., covering more than 13-a. base of
Great Pyramid of Cheops. In form of truncated pyramid, it rises by 4 terraces to
100'. The village, of which this was center, extended over site of E. St. Louis & as
far as Collinsville Bluffs. In Mus. are exhibits of handiwork of these agricultural
people. L. CahoMa fills pit from which clay & gumbo were taken to build mounds.
11.5. COLLINSVILLE, coal-mining & mfg. center; founded in 1817 by 5 Collins
bros. from Conn. Collins H. (1821). Blum Mfg. Plant (O), where cowbells have been
made by hand since 1880. Miners' Institute, built in 1917 by local United Mine
Workers, is labor center, with theater. 19.5. TROY, small mining center. Farther E.,
US40 enters dairy reg. 31.5. HIGHLAND, dairy center on Looking Glass Prairie;
sett, in 1830's by Swiss. Wicks Organ Co. is noted for technical improvements. 50.
GREENVILLE, seat of Bond Cty. & home of Greenville College; also home of
Pet Milk Co. (O.appl.) & other manufacturers. Rbt. Ingersoll, freethinker, lived
in Greenville for several yrs. while his father occupied Congr. pulpit. Greenville
College, liberal arts sen. under Free Meth. Ch., occupies site & orig. bldg. of earlier
Almira College for Women. On St. 140 is Greenville City Pk. (pic.camp.boatf.),
around L. Greenville.
IV. E. ST. LOUIS (NW) to PERE MARQUETTE ST. PK. 50. US67 Alt & StlOO.
Via: (Venice), Madison, Granite City, Hartford, E. Alton, Alton, Grafton. A little
W. of hy. are industrial suburbs of National City & Venice, est. in 1 804; conn, with
St. Louis by McKinley Bridge (toll). Below bridge is Kerr L, Negro community. Bet.
Venice & National City is Brooklyn, another Negro community. 6.5. MADISON,
2nd largest of group of industrial suburbs, is a steel town on banks of Miss. R. 8.
GRANITE CITY, largest of group, named for its chief product Granite City Steel
Works & Commonwealth Steel Mills (N.O.) are near center of town. Beyond this
industrialized area lie acres of cornfields in black, fertile soil protected against flood.
19. HARTFORD, sm. settlement around large tannery, at edge of another industrial
belt where sm. communities cluster around Shell & Standard Oil refineries. 22.5.
LATON. Western Cartridge Co. (CXappl.).
SIDE TRIP: On St.159 (E) 8m to Edwardsville, named for Ninian Edwards, Terr. Gov.
when town was platted, 1813. Jas. Gillham, 1st settler, came c.1800, & soon many S. Caro-
linians followed. Coal mining became chief industry, as it is now. Cty. Hist. Soc, Mus.
(O.appl.) in Cth.; Ind. & pioneer relics.
26.5. ALTON, seat of Shurtleff College & an important industrial center in Miss.
Valley. A few miles (NW) is confluence of Mo. & Miss. Rs. Bus. dist. spreads along
ROCK ISLAND AND MOLINE 529
R. where steamboats collected freight at one of leading 19th cent ports. Back among
the hills are fine residential areas, with many Hs. capped by lookouts, from which
merchants watched R. traffic. Close to R. are shacks & tiny gardens of many Negroes
& foreign-born residents. The 1st white settler was a Frenchman in late 18th cent
In 1837, several early settlements were inc. as Alton. One of leading plants is Owen-
jQlinois Glass Co. Alton is famed as home of Elijah Lovejoy who fought lonely
battle against slavery. Born at Albion, Me., in 1802, he went to St. Louis, Mo., as
Congr. minister in 1 827, became devoted to abolitionist cause & left pulpit to edit
the 'Times." In 1833, the "Observer" appeared, devoted to emancipation. In 1835,
public sentiment forced Lovejoy to move to Alton, where "Observer" cont. until
Aug., 1837. His native moderation changed to passionate denunciation of the "whip
of the republican task master." Three times his presses were destroyed by mobs, &
3 times his friends rallied to his aid. Stubbornly he ordered a 4th press. An armed
mob fired the wareh. & shot Lovejoy as he came from the bldg. On his grave in
local cemetery is written (in Latin): "Here lies Lovejoy. Spare bim now that he is
buried." Last of Lincoln-Douglas debates was held in Alton.
PTS. OF INT.: (1) Broadway & Washington Sts., Owen-niinois Glass Co. (O), one
of largest of its kind in world. Power plant & various shops are housed in walls of
translucent glass. (2) End of Monument Ave., at entrance to Cemetery, Elijah Love-
joy Mon. (1897). (3) Foot of Market St., Site of Lincoln-Douglas Debate, Oct. 15,
1858. (4) In N. Alton is Confed. Soldiers* Cemetery, where victims of 1863 smallpox
epidemic are buried. (5) College & Seminary Aves., Shurtleff College, granting B.A.
degrees in liberal arts & music & offering pre-professional courses. Dr. Benj. Shurt-
leff, of Boston, was a principal benefactor. Academic Hall (1832). (6) 2 m (N) on
Still, Monticello College, liberal arts college & sch. for girls; founded in 1853 by
Benj. Godfrey, Cape Cod seaman.
Trip cont. (W) from Alton on StlOO. 38.5. J. with dirt Rd. which runs (S) 4 m to
Principia College, liberal arts, coed. sch. for children of Christian Scientists. Bldgs.
(Goth.) are arranged as in a village, with College Chapel spire (Wren style) rising
among the trees. St.100 cont (W) from J. to GRAFTON, meeting of 111. & Miss. Rs.
52. PERE MARQUETTE ST. PK. (lodge.guest houses.group camp.boatdock.f.
boat.swim.pic.), st's largest pk. Trailside Mus. McAdams Peak (lookout). Quitt
Peak, highest in pk.
ROCK ISLAND & MOLINE
Quad Cities area incl. Rock Island, Moline, East Moline & the larger city of Daven-
port, Iowa (see). The 111. cities have developed largely on peninsula bet. Rock R. &
the Miss. R., which flows (W) past their industrial & bus. dists. On the island of
Rock L, in the Miss., is large U.S. Arsenal.
Through RR. & bus conns, in Rock I. & Moline. Moline Airport, ?m (SE) on US150.
Good accoms. & recr. facils. incl. muru swim, pool & pub. golf courses. Annual Pow
Wow (Labor Day wk. end) in Black Hawk St Pk. (see below). Info.: Moline Assoc. of
Com., 5th Ave. Bldg.; Rock I. C. of C., Ft Armstrong Hotel. Miss. R. Bridges: US6
crosses Rock R. into E. Moline & then Miss. R. over Iowa-Ill. Mem. Bridge (toE) to
Bettendorf, Iowa, by-passing downtown Rock I. & Davenport US67 crosses Rock R.
& W. edge of Rock I., then Miss. R. over Centennial Bridge (toll) to J. with US61 in
Davenport. Gov. Bridge (fee) conn. Rock I., U.S. Arsenal & Davenport. Some distance
(S) & (W) of metrop. area, St.92 crosses Muscatine Bridge (toll).
Rock I. & Moline are in many ways indistinguishable, & their history & development
have been much the same. Economy of both depends mainly on the Arsenal, one
of largest in U.S., & on tremendous farm-implements industry. E. Moline, much
smaller, is almost wholly industrial. Moline is generally known as "The Plow City"
because of century-old Deere Plow works & plants of Minneapolis-Moline Imple-
ment & Internat Harvester Companies; but Rock I. has Farmall Works of Internat.
Harvester Co. & J. I. Case Co. plants. Augustana College & Black Hawk St Pk.
are within city limits of Rock L, while to Moline belong Prospect & Riverside Pks.
& large airport 111. Inds. had villages on Rock R. (see US20), & it was to them that
Fattier Marquette came in 1673; but about 1680 they were driven out by Fox &
Sauk. In 1815, Col. Geo. Davenport came to Ft Armstrong, & white settlers began
to claim Ind. lands. Among early settlers was a doctor at the ft & his Negro servant,
Dred Scott, who was later to ask for freedom on ground that he had lived in free
530 US 25 & ST. 25 MICHIGAN
states of 111. & Minn. Rock I. Cty. was org. In 1833 & present city named in 1841.
Moline was inc. in 1848. Steamboat era was at its height, & hundreds of boats
docked here. John Deere brought plow factory from Grand Detour in 1847, & in
1855, Rock I. RR. spanned Miss. R, with its 1st RR. bridge, declared a "mammoth
nuisance" by steamboat interests. Abr. Lincoln helped defend the bridge in suit
brought by steamboat companies after several boats had crashed against the piers.
During Civil War, the Arsenal (1862) was used as prison for Confed. soldiers. In
decline of R. traffic & lumbering industry, which had once jammed the Miss., the
Quad cities built up other industries. Their importance as trade centers has grown
rapidly, & Rock I. has also become insurance center, home of Modern Woodmen
of Amer., Royal Neighbors of Amer. & Bituminous Casualty Corp.
PTS. OF INT. IN ROCK L: (1) 5th Ave., Augustana College (coed.) & Theological
Seminary, supported & controlled by Augustana Lutheran Ch.; founded in 1860
in Chicago, moved to Paxton in 1863 & present site in 1875. Sch. of Music is famous
for Augustana Choir. Seminary, on hill to (S), is grad. sch. for Augustana Luth.
Ch. which traces its ancestry back to Ch. of Sweden its name to Confession at
Augsburg (1530), for which "Augustana" is Latin name. Swedish Bell Tower, bell
& timbers from orig. bldg. Old Main (1887). In marble Denkmaxm Mem. Lib. (1910)
are Augustana Hist. Soc. Coll. & Swedish art treasures. (2) 200 13th Ave., Villa de
Chantal, Cath. girls' sch, founded in 1864. (3) Bet. 40th & 44th Sts., on 3rd Ave.,
Internal. Harvester Co. (O.appL), one of world's largest tractor plants. (4) At S.
Limits, on US67 & St.2, Black Hawk St Pk. (f.picann.facils.playfields), on Rock R.
At annual Pow Wow descendants of Sank & Fox warriors gather for tribal dances.
On Watch Tower Hill is Haiiberg MUSL, gift of John H. Hauberg, authority on Ind.
lore; unusual coll. PTS. OF INT. ON I. OF ROCK ISLAND: (5) NW. tip, Ft
Armstrong Blockh. (1816). (6) Near-by is Pier of RR. Bridge (1855). (7) US.
Arsenal (grounds O.), where 19,000 men were employed during World War II.
War Mas. (0). (8) Confed* Prison Cemetery. (9) At W. end, Lock & Dam No. 15.
PTS. OF INT. IN MOLINE: (10) On 3rd Ave., Deere & Co. (O.appL); largest plow
factory in world, one of largest wagon factories, farm implements plant (others in
Moline & E. Moline). (11) 7th Ave. & 18th St, Scottish Rite Cathedral (1929.Mod.
Goth.). (12) 4th Ave., bet. 27th & 34th Sts., Riverside Pk. PTS. OF INT. IN E.
MOLINE: (13) Campbell's L St Pk. (pic.). At SW. end, Site of Battle of Campbell's
L in which Black Hawk was defeated. (14) Interaat Harvester Co. (O.appL).
US 25 & ST. 25 MICHIGAN
MICH.-OHIO LINE (N) to BAY CITY. 267. US25 & St.25
Via: Erie, Monroe, Detroit, Mount Clemens, Muttonville, Port Huron, Lexington,
Harbor Beach, Port Austin, Sebewaing, UnionviUe. US23 (see), US24 & US25 enter
Mick from J. with US20 & US68 in Toledo, O. US24 by-passes Detroit & ends in
Pontiac. On US24 (N) 6m from St. Line is St. Hy. Dept Tourist Info. Lodge. Accoms.
in towns; resorts, inns, cabins, camp sites along route. Airports & landing fields at
intervals. Off US24A near St. line is Erie Marsh St, Game Area.
Sec. 1: MICH.-OHIO LINE to PORT HURON. 108.
US25 runs close to L. Erie, last of Gt. Ls. to be seen by white men. Jolliet sailed
out on long, narrow L. in summer of 1669, & in 1679 La Salle launched the square-
sailed "Griffin." Countless disasters are recorded on this unpredictable water.
Tour follows old military turnpike through Detroit & most thickly pop. sec. of Mich.
15. MONROE (sett.1780. Through RR. & bus conns.), the "Floral City" for 50
yrs.; only Mich, port on L. Erie. Midway bet. great metropolitan centers, it is un-
expectedly tranquil <& charming, with Raisin R. winding across town. Hy. is bordered
by flowers from large nurseries. Hist. Trl. (marked) leads past sites assoc. with War
of 1812, Toledo War, & Gen. Custer (see), who spent early life here. Monroe is
nat center of paperboard & paper-products industry. Col. Francis Navarre's cabin
was built in 1780, & by 1796 an Amer. flag flew over blockh. at "Frenchtown,"
later renamed for Pres. Monroe's inaugural. In War of 1812, Brit, won victory at
Battle of Raisin R., & their savage allies massacred Gen. Winchester's Ky. militia-
men. PTS. OF INT. (sites marked): (1) Massacre Victims Monu, at site of Battle of
Raisin R. (2) Coster Equest Statue (by C.A.Potter), comm. cavalry leader killed in
US 25 & ST. 25 MICHIGAN 531
battle with Sitting Bull (see Montana). (3) Caster H. (4) St Mary's Convent, mother
house of Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, & St Mary's Academy. (5)
First Presb. Ch. (1846), oldest Presb. Ch. in St. Underground Railroad Sta. (6) St
Mary's Ch. (Cath.), founded in 1784. (7) Dgenfritz (1847), Greening (1850) & Mon-
roe Big Tree (nurseries). (8) On La Plaisance Bay, Egyptian Lotus Beds. (9) Sterling
Monroe St Pk.
30. FLAT ROCK (1824). US25 runs bet Lincoln Pk. (E) & AHen Pk. (W) & crosses
MeMndale on Dix Hy. 50. DETROIT (see). 64. ROSEVILLE. 71. MOUNT
CLEMENS (see Detroit Trip VI), nat. known spa. 72. J. with Joy Rd., which leads
(E) 2.5 m to Selfridge Field, U.S. Army Air Base. 74. J. with St.29, Algonquian Trl.
SIDE TRIP: On St.29 (alt. route) (E) & (N) to Marysville & Port Huron. At 5m, New
Baltimore, largest of resort villages of early Fr. origin around Anchor Bay (f.ice-f.h.boat
resort & sports facils.)- In winter, gaily-colored villages of f. shacks spread out on frozen
L. & bay. 8m Anchorville, 10m Fair Haven. Hy. borders St Clafr Flats, marshy delta of
Is. at mouth of St. Clair R. (resorts.h.f.)- In late 19th cent., the "Venice of America" arose
here, with summer homes built on piles & gaily decorated hotels. Something of Gallic wit
& gaiety lingers along these shores, brightening boat & bait signs & wayside taverns. 18***
Algonac St Pk. (f.bath.pic.camp.facils.). 20m Algonac, marine town & shipbuilding center
for 100 yrs. Chris-Craft Plant (O), said to be world's largest builder of speedboats. Ferry
for Harsen's L On Canadian Walpole I. is Ind. Reserv. (handicraft). Ind. men & women
are often seen on hy., carrying sweet-grass baskets & boxes for sale. Many fine Viet. Hs.
28m Marine City, shipbuilding center in sailing-ship & early steamboat days. Midsummer
Mardi Gras, with Outboard Regatta. 34m St. Clair, plotted in 1818; many beautiful Hs.
Diamond Crystal Salt Works. 39m, Gar Wood Boat Works (O.appL). 40m MarysviHe,
lumbering settlement which has become industrial village around boat works, Morton Salt,
Chrysler Corp. & other factories. Adj. Marysville (N) is Port Huron (see below), 44m.
86. MUTTONVILLE (lunchroom.Greyhound Bus stop). Route swings (NE) through
farmlands broken by low hills & wooded ravines. 101. at (N) edge of Marysville
(see above), hy. comes in sight of vividly blue St. Clair R., which it follows (N).
108. PORT HURON
Through RR. & bus conns. Ferry to Sarnia, Ont. Inns & cottages at beaches; cabin &
trlr. camps in vie. Golf &. yacht clubs; f .h.boat facils. Info.: C. of C., Wall & Military
Sts. Port Huron & Mackinac Yacht Races & Bluewater Festival (July).
Port Huron, resort town & trade center for industrial & farm area, is port of entry
from Canada & on short route to Niagara Falls. It is an old lumber town, beautiful
in midsummer with oak & elm trees. Here L. Huron flows into deeply channelled
St. Clair R., one of best places to watch the long steamers. Lightship is stationed at
mouth of R., a danger pt. 2nd only to Detour, on St. Mary's R. (see Sault Ste Marie).
Eight ships were lost with all hands in storm on L. Huron, Nov. 9, 1913, worst
storm in hist, of Gt. Ls. St. Joseph, 2nd ft. in Lower Peninsula, was built here in
1686, & pioneer community was est. on Black R. in 1790. Ft Gratiot replaced old
ft. in 1814, & a boom followed bldg. of Gratiot Turnpike (US25) in 1826. Four
villages united in 1837 to form Port Huron. More than 180 vessels were built here
bet. 1838 & 1908, about half of them sailing ships. In 1891, Port Huron-Sarnia Ry.
Tunnel was opened, 1st electrified underwater tunnel ever built PTS. OF INT.: (1)
Pine Grove Ave. (S) of Elmwood St., Blue Water Internal Bridge (1938.Modjeska
& Masters). (2) Johnstone & 10th St, St Clair RR. Tunnel (1891. electrified 1908).
(3) Wall & 6th Sts., Pub. Lib. (1917) & St Clair Cty. lib., 1st cty. lib. in St; Mus.
(O.appL); W. L. Jenks Room of Mich. Hist (O.appL). (4) 518 Wall St, J. L. Miller
Homestead (1836). (5) State St, near J. with Stone St, Fort Gratiot Men. (6) In
Pine Grove Pk., Edison Boulder, comm. inventor who spent boyhood yrs. here.
SIDE TRIP: to Sarnia, Ont., by ferry, or bus over Internat Bridge (see "How to Enter
Canada" in Detroit sec.). Sarnia is port of entry & industrial center in resort reg. Its
waterfront at night is spectacular with flame stacks & glow of powerhouses of Polymer
Corp., synthetic rubber plant opened in 1943; Imperial Oil Ltd., largest Brit, oil refinery; &
Dow Chemical Plant (plastics).
Sec. 2: PORT HURON to BAY CITY. 159.
US25 runs close to lakeshore around rim of Mich.'s 'Thumb." At c.9., FRANKLIN
Do ROOSEVELT LABOR CENTER & summer camp (C.I.O.). 10. LAKEPORT
ST. PK. (pic.bathh.facils.store.no camp). 12. ST. CLAIR ST. PK. (camp.bathh.facils.
store.boats). 22. LEXINGTON, resort village, in Huron Shores dist 38.5., SANI-
LAC CTY. PK. (pic.camp.bathh.). 63. HARBOR BEACH, one of oldest f . & resort
centers on L.; birthpl. of Frank Murphy, U.S. Supreme Ct. Justice & former Gov.
532 US 12 MICHIGAN
71. PORT HOPE LIGHTH. 89. PORT AUSTIN, another popular resort; J. with
St.53 & St.25, on which tour turns (SW).
SIDE TRIP: On St.53 (S) 17m to Bad Axe, where packing chicory is main industry. (Out-
side of Mich., only Belgium & Holland produce chicory in quantity.)
St.25 is scenic hy. in view of white sand beaches & blue water. 101. ALBERT E.
SLEEPER ST. PK. (f.bathh.store.elec.group camp). 116.5., BAY PORT, on Wild
Fowl Bay, has one of largest f. fleets on Ls. Wallace Stone Co. Quarry, for Bay
Port stone. St.25 crosses sugar-beet country, once an impassable swampland. 128.5.
SEBEWAING (fJi.trlr.camp).
159. BAY CITY
Water & 7th Sts., G.T. RR. Sta.; end of Jackson St., Mich. Central RR. Sta.; 501 Fifth
Ave., P.M. RR. Sta. 1010 Saginaw St., Bus Sta. Tri-city Airport, at Freeland. Good
accoms. Recr. facils. (f.summer & winter sports). Wenonah Beach, Bay City St. Pk., &
Waterworks Pk. Info.: C. of C, in Wenonah Hotel Bldg.; 5th Ave. (E) of Adams St.,
E. Mich. Tourist Assoc. Log Office.
Bay City, on site of Chippewa campground, is one of the great & rough lumber
towns on Saginaw Bay; now largest L. Huron port & industrial center. During
World War II, Defoe Shipbuilding Co. (est. in early 1900's) built mine sweepers,
rescue tugs, & PC's & then applied new methods in construction of destroyer escorts.
Other large industries are Monitor Sugar Co., Industrial Brownhoist Corp., Chev-
rolet Motor Co., Wheeler Shipyard, which built 1st 600' steel freighter; Electric
Auto-Lite Co. & Dow Chemical Co. The 20 m long Saginaw R. (canoe.trl.), with
largest basin in St., has always been of major importance. In 1831, traders were
attracted to site, & by 1860*s, Lower Saginaw Qater Bay City) & other villages had
grown up. In 1870's & 1880's, the great R. cut through a roaring sawmill town bet
piles of logs, while rafts, tugs & barges jammed its channel. Then pine woods vir-
tually vanished. The booming town, mecca of lumberjacks after spring drives, was
threatened, but fishing, beet-sugar refining & coal-mining kept it alive. PTS. OF
INT.: (1) Water St., Defoe Sfaipbidg. Co. (2) 700 Belinda St., Aladdin Plant, makers
of ready-cut Hs. (3) SW. city limits, Monitor Sugar Refinery, largest in eastern U.S.
(4) Center Ave. & Jackson St, Pub. Lib.; file (1872-84) of "Lumberman's Gazette."
(5) 515 Center Ave., Bay Cty. Bldg.; Hist. Mus. (O.wks.). (6) Water & 24th Sts.,
Tremble H. (1836). (7) On Saginaw R. (N), Wenonah Pk., one of finest in Mich. J.
with US23 (see) & St.47, which leads (N) 5 m to Bay City St Pk.
US 12 MICHIGAN
DETROIT (W) to MICEL-IND. LINE. 220. US12
Via: Plymouth, Ann Arbor, Jackson, Albion, Marshall, Battle Creek, Galesburg,
Kalamazoo, Paw Paw, Hartford, St Joseph-Benton Harbor, New Buffalo. US 112 (see)
parallels route (S).
US 12 follows route of stagecoach through several large cities & educational centers,
among farmlands, orchards & villages of long standing. At (W) end is important fruit
belt
Sec. 1: DETROIT to BATTLE CREEK. 116.
0. DETROIT (see). 23. PLYMOUTH. Sett in 1820's by New Engenders. World's
Lsugest Air-Rifle Factory.
37. ANN ARBOR
Foot of State St., Mich. Central RR. Sta. W. Huron St, off Main St., Bus Sta. Willow
Run Airport (see Detroit Trip II). Accoms.; pic. & camp sites in vie.; res9rts around
many Ls. Lectures, plays, concerts & other events sponsored by Univ. & civic groups.
May Festival (music), Dramatic Festival (May-June), Repertory Players (summer),
Oratorical Lecture Series (Feb.-Mar.). Info.: C. of C. (see also Univ. of Mich, below).
Ann Arbor is delightful residential & college town in Huron R. valley, surrounded
by gently sloping, forested hills. Univ. of Mich, campus occupies (E) half of town.
Pub. Lib., sch. system & community affairs reflect tone set by one of oldest & largest
of st universities. In Feb. 1824, John & Ann Allen, Dan. Cross & Elisha & Mary
Ann Rumsey built log cabins in "oak opening" on Huron R. In 1837, the village
became seat of st univ., & by 1870's it was a thriving city. At 1405 Pontiac Rd.,
Beckley H. (1842-1845.Gr.Rev.rest), used by Underground RR. Bet Cedar Dr. &
Broadway, Riverside Pk. (pic.sports facils.golf course). Univ. of Mich. The "Cathole-
US 12 MICHIGAN 533
pistemiad, or Univ. of Mich." was est in Detroit by Terr. Legislature in 1817, largely
due to Father Gabriel Richard (see Detroit). In 1837 the struggling academy was
reorg. by St. legislature & given to Ann Arbor. Under Jas. Bumll Angell (father of
JJELAngell, of Yale Univ.), pres. 1871-1909, Ann Arbor took high rank among
st universities. Instruction is given in 14 sens. & colleges. Bet. 1909 & 1925, more
than 20 major bldgs. were erected on & around the old campus. During World War
31, Univ. carried out large Gov.-sponsored programs & shared in atomic energy &
other research projects. Most recent is aeronautical research program at Willow
Run (see Detroit Trip n). Info.: 221 Angell Hall; Business Office, Room 1, Univ.
HaU. PTS. OF INT. OLD CAMPUS: (1) Alumni Mem. Hall (1909.Class.by Donald-
son & Meier); art coll. (2) Angell Hall (1924.Albert Kahn), adm. bldg. (3) Lib. Bldg.
(1918.Kahn); rare items in Drama, Ornithology, Economics & Hist, of Science colls.
(4) W. L. Clements Lib. of Amer. Hist (1923.Ital.Ren.by Kahn); noted coll. of books,
mss. & maps. (5) Presidenf s EL (1841.Gr.Rev.), oldest bldg. (6) Univ. Hall, incl. Main
Bldg. (1 873. FnRen.), Mason Hall 1841) & S. Wing (1849). (7) On W. side of State St
Mich. Union (1919.by Pond & Pond), men's clubh. (N) OF CAMPUS: (8) Hill
Auditorium (1913.by Kahn & Ernest Wilby); Stearns Coll. of Musical Instruments
(O.appl.). (9) Burton Mem. Tower (1937.Kahn); Chas. Baird Carillon (O.exc.Sat).
(10) Rackham Bldg. (O.guide.l937.mod.Class.by Smith,Hinchman & Grylls); Sch.
of Grad. Studies. (11) Mich. League (1929.by Pond & Pond), women's clubh. &
theater. (S) OF CAMPUS: (12) Law Quadrangle (1 924-3 3.Coll.Goth.by York &
Sawyer), notable group. (13) Hospital Group, in hilly (NE) sec. (14) Facing Hospital,
Observatory (O.Mon.-Fri.& special nights); facils. for astronomical physics, in
which Univ. ranks high.
51. J. with St.92.
SIDE TRIP: On St.92 (N) c.lm to Chelsea, sm. mfg. town. St.92 cent. (NW) bet. Hnckney
Recr. Area & Waterloo Recr. Area, largest in St
73. JACKSON
Through RR. & bus conns. Reynolds Airport Fine city & cry. pks. (pic.camp.cottages.
resorts). Rose Show (mid- June). Info.: New Center Bldg., C. of C.; in Hotel Otsego,
Tourist & Convention Bureau.
Jackson, birthpl. of Republican party, is cut by Grand R. & is seat of lake-studded
Jackson Cty. Industrial plants on E. side have drawn large & racially complex
pop. City was inc. in Feb., 1854, & named for Pres. Jackson. On Franklin & 2nd
Sts., Republican Party Site, where 5,000 citizens officially formed & named party
on July 6, 1854. W. Michigan Ave. & Wildwood St., Civil War Mem. (1903.by
Lorado Taft). On St. 147 (N) 4 m is St Prison of S. Mich., one of world's largest penal
institutions. 93. ALBION, home of Albion College (Meth.Episc.), coed., liberal arts;
one of oldest denom. schs. in St. (1833). Chapel & North Hall (neo-Class.), orig.
bldgs.; Stockwell Mem. Lib. & HaU of Fine Arts (1938.neo-Class.).
116. BATTLE CREEK
Main & Hall Sts., G.T. RR. Sta.; W. Van Buren St at Capital Ave., Mich. Cent RR.
Sta. Arcade Bldg., 51 W. Jackson St., Union Bus Sta. W. EL Kellogg Airport. Good
accoms. Recr. facils. in numerous pks. Horse Show (May or June). Dahlia Club Show
(Sept.). Maneuvers at Ft. Custer. Info.: C. of C. & Auto Club of Mich., both on N.
McCamly St.
US12 follows Mich. Ave. across <f Health Food City," at confluence of Kalamazoo
& Battle Creek Rs. Beyond R. (N) are fine residential areas; many Ls. & resorts in
vie. Preeminent among many industries are world-famous Kellogg, Post & other
cereal plants. Town (sett 1831) is named for very small battle (1824) bet. 2 members
of surveying party & 2 Inds. who resented being pushed out of their sugar camps.
In 1855, Battle Creek was made hqs. of Seventh Day Adventist Ch. Western Health
Reform Institute (now Sanitarium), 1st of many est. by that ch., was founded in
1866, & in 1876 put in charge of Dr. John H. Kellogg, who perfected the flaked
cereal. C. W. Post, inventor of Postum (1894), was another leading manufacturer.
Characteristic of Battle Creek are the magnificent Youth Bldg., hqs. of Civic Recr.
Assoc., & the Ann J. Kellogg Sch., with facils. for handicapped children. PTS. OF
INT.: (1) Washington Ave. & Champion St, Batfie Creek Sanitarium (O.Mon.-Fri
1927.mod.Ren.). (2) Near Sanitarium, Percy Jones Gen. Hospital, U.S. War Dept
(3) Michigan Ave. & 20th St, Leila Arboretum. Khigmsm Mem. Mus. of Nat His-
tory (O) has 125,000 specimens from all over world. (4) Near-by on W. Michigan
Ave., Barney Tavern (1848.N.O.). (5) W. Michigan Ave. & McCamly St, Post
534 US 12 MICHIGAN
TaTcm (O); C. W. Post Art Coll. (6) W. Van Buren & McCamly Sts., Kellogg Audi-
toraim. (7) In Oak Hill Cemetery, Grave of Sojourner Troth (1790-1883), famous
Negro woman who crusaded against slavery. (8) Cliff & Academy Sts., Post Prod-
ucts, incl. orig. plant (1895). (9) Kellogg Co. Plant (O); 40-a. pk. & botanical garden.
(10) 5^ (W), Ft Caster, U.S. Army Post. KeUogg Field, Army Air Base. (11) (NW)
10** is Gull L., popular resort. (13) On Wintergreen L. (E), Kellogg Bird Sanctuary
(O.daytime).
Sec. 2: BATTLE CREEK to MICH.-IND. LINE. 104.
Route enters reg. of prosperous farms. 14. GAUESBURG, Many early bldgs. 19.
COMSTOCK, site of Fourierist colony in 1840's.
23. KALAMAZOO
Willard St. bet. Rose & Burdick Sts., Mich. Central RR, Sta.; Pitcher St. & Mich. Ave.,
Penn. RR. Sta. Portage St. & Mich. Ave., Greyhound Bus Sta.; N. Rose & Water Sts.,
for other lines. Mun. Airport (S) 3m. Good accoms.; tourist homer. & resorts in vie.
Recr. facils. in numerous pks. Symphony Orchestra. Civic Players. Pansy Festival (Ap.);
Community Concert Series. Info.: C. of C., 316 Commerce Bldg.
Kalamazoo was founded as trading post on "the boiling river" in 1823. Besides
being important trade & industrial center & one of great paper-making cities, it is
also a rural market edged with celery fields & a college town with f ew ^skyscrapers
& many trees, an exasperating downtown dist. of alley-streets & impressive suburbs.
It has an active Institute of Arts, civic orchestra & theater & 3 colleges. Celery-
growing was begun in 1850's by Jas. Taylor, from Scotland, & in late 19th cent,
Kalamazoo Paper Co. was est., & several large stove companies, iron industries &
pharmaceutical factories. PTS. OF INT.: (1) Civic Center, surrounding Bronson
Pk. Civic Auditorium (1931.by Aymar Embury II), home of Civic Theater &
Orchestra. Site of Lincoln's Address in Aug. 1856. On S. Rose St. are: (2) Pub. Lib.;
(3) Natural Hist Mus. (O.wks.), notable visual education exhibit; (4) Institute of
Arts (O.wks.& some evenings). (5) Academy St. (W) of Oakland Dr., Kalamazoo
College, one of oldest in St. (1833); Bapt. controlled but nondenorn.; fine bldgs. in
Georg. style. (6) Western Mich. College of Education (1903), on 200-a. campus
along Davis St.; granting degree in arts, music & sciences; facils. for graduate study.
Kleinstueck Wildlife Preserve. (7) Nazareth College & Academy. Kalamazoo is at
J. with US131 & St.43, which leads (W) 7.5 m to Wolf L. St Fish Hatchery (O).
39.5. PAW PAW, center of leading grape & wine-producing reg. Grape Festival.
Wineries (O). Paw Paw Bait Co. Plant (0). Cth. (1841). 62. COLOMA, canning
center & resort
73. BETNTON HARB0R-ST. JOSEPH
Through RR. & bus conns. Airport. Steamer to Chicago in season. Good hotels (mineral
baths); tourist pks., cottages & resorts in vie. Biverview, Silver Beach (amusement),
House of David & Waterworks Pks. Blossom Festival (May). Yacht Races. Info.: C, of
C. in each city.
The 2 ports are surrounded by as. of orchards, traditionally descended from Johnny
Appleseed's (see) trees. Missionaries & explorers knew the marshy site at R.'s mouth,
& La Salle built Ft. Miami here in 17th cent. Another ft. & mission, built on site
in 1700, was destroyed by Chief Pontiac in 1763. A settlement begun in 1831 soon
moved back from, sandy shore to site of St. Joseph, & later settlers crossed R. &
built town which outstripped its neighbor. Benton Harbor became widely known
after House of David colony was est. in 1903.
PTS. OF INT., ST. JOSEPH: In Lake Front Pk., Site of Old Ft. Here also is Ben
King Mon. to poet who wrote "The Old St. Joe" in honor of his birthpL Old Lighth.
(1859) & Mem. Hall. BENTON HARBOR: Market & 9th Sts., Muii. Fruit Market^
largest non-citrus fruit market in world. (2) At (E) limits, House of David; amuse-
ment pk. with miniature trains, pic. groves, handsome bldgs. & outdoor theater.
Benj. Franklin Purnell brought his "Israelites" to Benton Harbor in 1903 & est.
religious colony which became exceedingly prosperous. King Ben died in 1927
before he could learn that he had been acquitted in scandalous trial. After waiting
some time for promised resurrection, his followers carried the King's embalmed
body to Diamond House. E. of H. of David, Israelite City of David, founded by
Queen Mary, PurnelTs widow. At J. with US31 (see). 80. TOURIST CAMP oper-
ated by H. of David. Rd. leads (E) to Stevensville, lakeshore resort center, in wild-
est dune country. 87, BRIDCMAN, among flower-covered dunes. Warren Dunes
US 112 MICHIGAN 535
St. Pk. (no camp.good beaches). 93.5. HARBERT, for many years home of Carl
Sandburg. 100. NEW BUFFALO (large group camps in vie.). St Line Rest Lodge
& Info. Serv. J. with St.60-US112 (see). 104. OTCH.-IND. ONE.
US 112 MICHIGAN
DETROIT to NEW BUFFALO. 210. US112
Via: Dearborn, Inkster, Wayne, Ypsilanti, Saline, Clinton, Somerset, Jonesvflle, Quincy,
Coldwater, Sturgis, White Pigeon & Niles.
US 1 1 2 follows Great Sauk TrL which in 1 825 became Terr. Rd. Rich soil & smoothly
flowing Rs. attracted the Algonquin long before white men came, but few sites
remain & their famous garden beds have disappeared. Route is notable for pastoral
charm of farmlands & lovely Irish Hills & L. reg. (pic.camp,cabins.resorts.f.h.swim.
boat).
0. DETROIT (see). US112 becomes loop expressway to Willow Run Airport. 9.5.
DEARBORN. 17. WAYNE. Hy. forks (S). Byp.112 becomes part of expressway,
while US112 cont (W). 29.5. YPSILANTI (see Detroit Trip II for this sec.). 40.
SALINE, at edge of Irish Hills, which extend some 30^ (W). 52. CLINTON. St.
John's Ch. (Episc.1835). J. with St.52 & cty. Rd.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On Rd. (E) 5m to Macon, center of Ford's soybean acreage. Pennington
Sch. (1851), bought by Henry Ford & rest, with old-fashioned furniture. Oil is pressed
from soybeans in 19th cent. Gristmill on Saline R.
(B) On St.52 (S) 5m to Tecumseh, an "oak opening" sett, in 1830's. St. Peter's Ch. (Episc.
1832.Doric portico), oldest Episc. ch. (W) of Alleghenies continuously in usej built by
Rev. Wm. Lyster with aid of Pres. Jackson, Dan. Webster & others.
61. W. J. HAYES ST. PK. (pic.camp.trLstore.community bldg.bathh.), 400 as. in
Irish Hills, incl. 90-a. Round L. & Wamplers L. (resorts.f.winter sports.boats). Two
Observ. Towers (sm.fee). Near pk. (W) is St Joseph's Ch. (Cath. 1854-63). On Stll
(N) is Manchester, supply center. 65. CAMBRIDGE JUNCTION. At J. with St.50
is Mich/s most famous inn, Walker Tavern (1832), where Dan. Webster, Jas. Feni-
more Cooper, Harriet Martineau & "Priest" Lyster were guests. In Walker Brick
Tavern (1856) are orig. taproom, barber shop & kitchen, 72. J. with US127 & US223.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On US223 (SW) to Devil's L., resort center. 20m Adrian, prosperous
trade center. Adrian College, liberal arts; under Meth. Conference; org. in 1845 as Mich,
Union College from 2 older schs. & moved to "Maple City" in 1859. In College Row are
older bldgs. Civic Auditorium (1939), property of city. St Joseph's Academy & Siena
Heights College (women), well-known (Cath.) schools.
US112 unites with US127 to 74. SOMERSET CENTER. 88. JONESVBLLE, at
hist, ford on St. Joseph R. Grace Ch. (Episc. 1844); orig. walnut furniture. Munro
H. (1840.Class.Rev.). J. with St.99.
SIDE TRIP: On St.99 (SE) 5m to Hillsdale, in scenic area with many Ls. (f.h.swim.boat.
winter sports). Campus of Hillsdale College covers 60 as. on St. Joseph R.; liberal arts;
coed. sch. founded by Freewill Baptists in 1844. Slayton Arboretum. B. A. Barber Amphi-
theater.
100. QUINCY, at head of 14 m chain of Ls. in great f. & sports reg. 106. COLD-
WATER, named by Inds. for near-by R. & L., largest in chain (good f .camp.resorts.
beaches). In early 1800's a trading post stood on site of Oak Grove Cemetery. Inc.
in 1837, Coldwater grew rapidly; was active Underground RR. sta. St Home &
Training Sch. (Children's Village) is doing excellent work with subnormal children.
Branch County Cth. (19th cent.); Pioneer Mus. J. with US27 (see) & St.86.
SIDE TRIP: On St.86 (W) to Colon, magicians' capital, where Percy Abbott makes &
demonstrates magic apparatus; Magicians* Jamboree (late summer). Sturgeon L., source
of St. Joseph R. (canoe trl. resorts).
118. BRONSON has nat. known plant for making tackle. Jabez Bronson built tav-
ern in 1828 & later used his taproom for court sessions. Liquor was removed to
kitchen. Old Opera H. US112 dips (S) through fertile St Joseph Cty., tilled 1st by
Potawatomi who held 73,000-a. reservation until after Black Hawk War. 134.
STURGIS, ranking high in manufacture of furniture & decorative appliances.
Flower Show. Pet Day Parade. J. with St.78.
SIDE TRIP: On St.78 (N) 8m to J. with St.86. On St.86 (W) 2m to Nottawa, Amish trading
center; apple butter, sausage & other foods for sale.
536 US 16 MICHIGAN
141. US112 passes KLINGER L. (resortcottages.beaches). 147. WHITE PIGEON,
named for Ind. chief who saved settlement from tribal uprising. US112 crosses S.
edge of Cass Cty., known for trout streams, flower gardens, resorts & prehist & hist
sites. 183. NILES (see US31). 203. THREE OAKS, in midst of former Ind. lands.
Chamberlain Mem. Mus.; fine Ind. & pioneer colls. Warren Woods, 320-a. tract of
virgin hardwood. 210. NEW BUFFALO, on L. Mich. L with US12 (see).
US 16 MICHIGAN
DETROIT (W) to MUSHEGON. 185. US16
Via: New Hudson, Brighton, Howell, E. Lansing, Lansing, Portland, Cascade, Grand
Rapids, Fmitport. Good accoms. at short intervals.
Route of US 16 was made by Inds., & pioneer wagons followed the trl. Now broad
lanes of heavy traffic cross center of Mich, through capital city & Grand Rapids,
2nd largest center.
0. DETROIT (see). US16, Grand R. Trl., runs (NW) through St. recr. & resort areas
in lake dist. of Oakland & Livingston ctys. 16. BOTSFORD TAVERN (O.I 836).
19. FARMINGTON, sett, in 1824 by Quakers. 25. NOVI. 32. NEW HUDSON.
(See Detroit Trip V for this sec.) 40. BRIGHTON, pleasant village in midst of 50
or more Ls. Greek Temple H. (1840), at 314 Grand River Ave. Off hy. (SW) 3 is
Brighton Recr. Area. 50. HOWELL (RR,& bus.accoms.), one of country's largest
Holstein cattle markets, is restful town in fine setting on Thompson L., in vie. of
Tyrone Hills & Ind. L. chain. On SU55 (SW) 3 m is St Sanatorium (tuberculosis).
60. FOWLERVHXE (sett.1835), tourist center.
82. E. LANSING & 86. LANSING.
126 N. East St., Union Depot; 1223 S. Washington St., Grand Trunk Sta. 118 S. Grand
Ave., Bus Sta. Airport (NW) 3^ on US16. Hotels & other accoms.; tourist pk. Concerts,
lectures & stage productions, Recr. facils. in numerous pks. Farmers' Week (Jan.-Feb.)
at Mich. St. College. Info.: 202 S. Walnut St., C. of C.; Industrial Bank Bldg., Auto
Club of Mich.
E. Lansing, seat of Mich. St College, merges with Lansing, st capital. The Capitol
dome & 23-story Olds Tower rise above tree-shaded city, like symbols of its hist,
from "capital of the woods" to prosperous industrial, as well as political, center,
Valley is entered by Grand, Sycamore & Red Cedar Rs., & bridges here & there
span the winding streams. E. Lansing has grown up around the college & is entirely
residential. When legislature decided, in 1847, to move capital from Detroit, a
border city, Lansing had a sawmill & a log house in dense for.; but it was given the
honor, tentatively, to settle a long controversy. After coming of Ransom E. Olds
(in 1900*s), maker of one of 1st practical automobiles in U.S., the city's development
was very rapid. Present output from, more than 100 industries, with automotive in
lead, gives Lansing high rank. Also it is commercial & financial center for St.*s rich-
est farm country.
FTS. OF INT. LANSING: (1) Capitol Ave Capitol (1878.Class.Ren.by E.E.
Myers); War Relics Mus, (O.wks.). (2) Washington & Genesee Sts., St Hist Mus.
(O). (3) 124 W. Allegan St., Olds Tower (O.193Lby Hopkins & Dentz). (4) S. Penn-
sylvania Ave., on Red Cedar R., Potter Pk.; Zoo. (5) Among larger industrial plants
are Oldsmobsie Division of G.M., Reo Motors, Inc., & Motor Wheel Corp. The new
Kettering Engine Plant (1948) has been called "engineer's dream," embodying prin-
ciple of progressive machining. Cost, exclusive of bldg., has been estimated at
$15,000,000.
FTS. OF INT. E. LANSING: (1) Harrison Rd. at Marigold Ave., St Police Hqs.
(CXtours). (2) E. Grand River & Michigan Aves., People's Ch. (1923.by W.E.N.
Hunter), interdenom. social & religious center. (3) Grand River Ave. & Abbott St,
Midi. St College, oldest agric. college in U.S., (1855); under control of St Bd. of
Agric. Campus of 160 as. on Red Cedar R. is very attractive; athletic fields, housing
facils. & College Farm on 3,000 as. (S) of R. Of special int are: Quonset Village
of more than 100 housing units; Agric* & Dairy Bldgs.; Union Mem, Bldg. (O.cafe-
teria.l923.wings 1936.adds.1946-47.by Pond,Pond & Martin); College Lib. (1920's.
Coll.Goth.by Edwyn Bowd); Beaumont Mem. Tower (1928.Goth.by Donaldson &
Meier); R. E. Olds Hall of Engineering; Kedbde Chemical Lab. (1927), a beautiful
bldg. Lansing is at J. with US27 (see) & US127.
US 16 MICHIGAN 537
SIDE TRIP: On US127 (SE) 13m to Mason. St. Game Farm in vie.; ringneck pheasants,
Hungarian, partridge & other beautiful wildfowl.
US 16 runs through agric. valley, rising gradually to rolling hills. 120. J. with Rd.
to L. Odessa (resort.).
139. CASCADE, residential suburb. Hy. forks. By-pass US16 runs (S) of Grand
Rapids.
148. GRAND RAPIDS
60-63 Ionia Ave., Union Sta. 239 Michigan St., Grand Trunk RR. Sta, 55 Oakes St.,
(SW) Union Bus Terminal. Fennel Rd., (S) 4m, Grand Rapids Airport. Good accoms,
Mun. Tourist Camp. Many city & cty. pks. Civic Players. Symphony Orchestra. Info.:
Federal Sq. Bldg., C. of C.; Rowe Hotel, W. Mich. Tourist & Resort Assoc. Furniture
Fair (Jan.& June); May Theater Festival; "The Messiah," Calvin College (2nd.wk.in
Dec.).
Grand Rapids, 4t the Furniture City," is 2nd-largest & one of most attractive of Mich,
cities, owing much to its 58 city pks. & 45,000 trees. Around it are hundreds of
small Ls. & trout streams. Educational institutions incl. Calvin College <& Seminary,
Aquinas & Mount Mercy Colleges (Cath.), Jr. College & Univ. of JVftch. Sen. of
Business Adm. (1946). Besides furniture, Grand Rapids produces sticky fly paper,
automatic musical instruments, auditorium seats, gypsum & paper products, carpet
sweepers, food products & chemicals. It is also a ranking printing & lithographing
center. In vie. are highly productive gas & oil wells. Bapt mission was est. on W.
bank of Grand R., 1824-26, & Louis Campau built fur-trading post. Steamboats
began service from Grand Haven in 1837. Stewart Edw. White (1873-1946), who
was born in Grand Rapids, described in 'The Riverman" the heyday of lumbering
on the Grand & Rogue Rs. Furniture industry began in 1858, & gained recognition
at Philadelphia Centennial Exposition (1876). Grand Rapids has largest Dutch pop.
of any city in U.S. & a large Polish settlement
PTS. OF INT.: (1) 427 E. Fulton St. (US16), Furniture Mus. (O.1938). (2) 54 E.
Jefferson Ave., Pub. Mus. (O.free.l940.by Roger Allen), severely functional, win*
dowless bldg. (3) 230 Fulton St., Art Gallery (O.1844.Gr.Rev.). (4) Campau Ave.
& Lyon St., (NW) Civic Auditorium (by Robinson, Campau & Crowe). (5) 24 Foun-
tain St., Fountain St Bapt Chi. (Ital.Ren.by Coolidge & Hodgdon), fine group of
ch., campanile, arcade & parish H. (6) Bostwick Ave, & Library St., Ryerson Pub.
lib. (mod.Ren.by Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge); country's finest coll. on furniture.
(7) 109 Market Ave., Mun. Wholesale Market, one of largest open-air markets in
U.S. (8) Along R. (N) & (S) are some 80 Furniture Factories (O.appL). (9) Franklin
St., bet. Benjamin & Giddings Aves., Calvin College, in red-brick Georg. bldgs.;
liberal arts college under auspices of Christian Reformed Ch. Hekman Mem. Lib.
(10) In Comstock PL, Dwight Lydell St. Fish Hatchery.
177. SPRING L., at end of Grand R.; mineral springs & resort developments.
185. MUSKEGON
586 Western Ave., Pere Mar^uette Depot; Peck & Laketon Sts., Penn. & G.T. RRs.
184 Western Ave., Bus Terminal. Muskegon Cry. Airport, Mun. Airport & Interstate
Seaplane Base. Wis.-Mich. Steamship Co. & G.T.-Penn. Carferries (no autos) to Mil-
waukee, Wis. Concerts. Little Theatre. Resorts around White & Muskegon Ls. Info.:
970-3rd St., C. of C. Nat Convention of Polish societies (spring). West Shore Music
Festival (May). Harvest Festival Winter carnivals.
From marshlands at mouth of Muskegon R., the port of Muskegon, largest on E.
side of L. Mich., extends for more than 5 m along shore. With natural harbor (5~
long L. Muskegon) & sheltering dunes, city has always been important port &, even
ports. Principal manufactures are automotive & foundry products, i
dies, office furniture & billiard tables. Large oil companies operate marine terminals
with capacity approx. 39,000,000 gals. Nicolet stopped here in 1634, & Father Mar-
quette in 1675. Fur-trading began in 1810 & lasted until 1st sawmill was erected,
1837. From Civil War days until late 1880's, Muskegon was "Sawdust Metropolis."
M. M. Quaif e says (in "Lake Michigan"), "A single generation of furious destruction
spanned the rise & fall of Muskegon . . ." Near end of cent, lumbering declined,
& a fire destroyed much of the fabulously wealthy city, but mfg. plants succeeded the
lumber mills.
538 US 10 MICHIGAN
PTS. OF INT.: (1) W. Clay Ave., Hackley Pk.; Soldiers' & Sailors' Mon. (2) Water-
front, West Mich. Mart, one of finest port terminals on L. Mich. (3) Morris St. bet
1st & 2nd Sts., Ind. Burial Ground (1750); St. Supreme Ct. ruling prevents indus-
trialization of site. (4) Clay Ave. & 3rd St., St Paul's Ch. (Episc.1892.Goth.); figures
carved by Alois Lang. (5) 296 Webster Ave., Hackley Art Gallery (O.free.Oct.-Je.);
coll. begun by C. H. Hackley, lumberman, who also gave Pub. Lib., Hackley Pk.,
hospitals, & other large bequests. Paintings by Cranach, Burchfield, Inness, Picasso,
Orozco, & other major artists; sculptures by Lachaise, Manship & others. (6) Adj.
gallery, Hackley Pub. Lib. (1890.Romanes.by Patten & Fisher). (7) Webster Ave.
bet 3rd & 4th Sts., McKinley Mem. (by C.H.Niehaus). (8) Washington Ave. & Jef-
ferson St., Hackley Mem. (by Lorado Taft). (9) In Evergreen Cemetery, Grave of
Jonathan Walker & Mon. raised by Photius Fisk, abolitionist. Walker, who lived
near Muskegon in later life, was Mass, sea captain who was imprisoned & branded
for trying to run slaves to Bahamas. On Mon. is stanza from Whittier's "The Man
with the Branded Hand." (11) On St.20, Muskegon St Pk. Muskegon is at J. with
US31 (see).
US 10 MICHIGAN
DETROIT (NW) & (W) to LUDINGTON. 237. US10
Via: Feradale, Birmingham, Bloomfield Hills, Pontiac, Flint, Saginaw, Midland, Clare,
Reed City & Baldwin. Paralleled by Grand Trunk & P,M. RRs. Accoms. throughout.
Car & Auto Ferry to Manitowoc, Wis., from Ludington.
US 10 follows Woodward Superhy. through automotive centers, then (W) through
former pine belt & central farm area to thinly settled but scenic country along L.
Mich.
Sec. 1: DETROIT to MIDLAND. 117.
0. DETROIT (see). In this sec. are some of Detroit's most attractive suburbs, incl.
Huntington Woods, Birmingham, Cranbrook Foundation & Bloomfield Hills. 25.
PONTIAC, in noted L. dist. (see Detroit Trip HI). Developed recr. areas, incl. Bald
Mt, Rochester-Utica, Pontiac L. & L. Orion (resort).
SIDE TRIP: On St218 (SW) to Walled Lake. Cass L., at (SW) limits; at 3m Orchard Lake,
resort & residential communities. 6m off hy. near Commerce is Dodge Bros. St Pk* No. 5
(pic.camp.store-facils.). 12m WaUed Lake, on L. encircled by natural wall of tree-covered
boulders. On (S) side are popular Dodge Bros. St. Pks. No. 2 & No. 15; good beaches.
30. DRAYTON PLAINS. Large Fish Hatchery (O). On Rd. (E) 2 is L. Angelas,
on which is McMath Hulbert Obserr., of Univ. of Mich. 39. HOLLY ST. RECR.
AREA. Rd. leads (E) c.6 m to Ortonville St Recr. Area (tenttrlr.& group camps).
52. GRAND BLANC, on site of early trading post. J. with cty. Rd.
SIDE TRIP: On Rd. (E) 14m to Metamora St. Recr. Area. L. Mmnewana.
54. US10 forks. Branch-USlO enters downtown Flint, while US10 cuts across W.
side.
59. FLINT
S. Saginaw & 15th Sts., Grand Trunk RR, Sta.; Beach & Union Sts., Pere Marquette
RR. N. Saginaw & 3rd Ave., Bus Sta. Bislwp Airport, (SW) 4.5m. Good accoms. Golf
& other recr. facils. Symphony orchestra; civic opera. Atwood Stadium. Emancipation
Day (Jan.l) & other events at Negro Civic Center; Folk Festival (June) & other group
festivals. Info.: C. of C. & Automobile Club.
Flint, on Flint R., is Mich.'s 3rd largest city & 2nd to Detroit as automotive center.
Giant factories are spread throughout city around congested downtown area. Mu-
nicipality owns waterworks, airport, fine hospital & lib., sen. & pk. systems. Com-
munity Music Assoc. offers yr.-round program, & Institute of Arts conducts series
of exhibits <& lectures & sch. of art. Mott Foundation has charge of Children's Health
Center, Mott Camp for underprivileged boys & adult recr. & education programs.
Many racial groups & large Negro pop. give rich diversity to civic life. The R.,
named for the flintstone, attracted Chippewa & Potawatomi, then fur traders (1819)
& missionaries. Settlers ventured into the wilderness in 1830's, & tavern & ferry
were est. With lumbering, village expanded & soon became "The Vehicle City,"
making carts & carriages. In 1900, David Buick org. in Detroit the Buick Auto-Vim
& Power Co., which became Buick Mfg. Co., maker of 1st Buick automobile in
1902. A yr. later, co. merged with Flint Wagon Works, & Buick Motor Co. was
US 10 MICHIGAN 539
est. in Flint. W. C. Durant, who shared ownership of several vehicle companies
with Jos. Dallas Dort (see Detroit Trip II), bought out Buick with aid of other Flint
citizens. General Motors Co. was org. by Durant in 1908, & in 1909, he almost
gained control of Ford interests. In 1910, Durant lost control of G. M., partly
because bankers feared his "dashing methods & hairbreadth adventures.'* From
experiments of Louis Chevrolet, which he had backed, Durant built Chevrolet
Motor Co. &, by 1913, had controlling interest in G. M. Durant was Pres. of G. M.
until 1920. Other local leaders were C. S. Mott, C. W. Nash & W. P. Chrysler. An-
other event in city's automotive hist was 1st large-scale sit-down strike, in 1937.
PTS. OF INT.--INDUSTRIAL (O.appl.): (1) Leith St., Brack Motor Co., city's
largest plant. (2) Chevrolet Ave. & Bluff St., Chevrolet Plants. (3) 4300 S. Saginaw
St. & 210 N. Chevrolet Ave., Fisher Body Plants. (4) Harriet St & Industrial Ave.
& at Davison Rd. & Dort Hy., AC Spark Plug Plants. When co. began in 1908,
workers came at 6:30 a.m. on bicycles or in horse-drawn carriages to make spark
plugs for 2-cylinder cars. (5) Industrial Ave., Marvel-Schebler Carburetor Division
of Borg-Warner Corp. (6) Chevrolet & W. 3rd Ave., G. M. Institute. Auditorium,
civic center, & Atwood Stadium. OTHER PTS. OF INT.: (7) 703 Beach St, Old
Vehicles Coll. (O.appl.). (8) Crapo & Kearsley Sts., Flint Jr. College (estl923).
Amer. & Ind. colls, in Mus. (9) Kearsley & Clifford Sts., Pub. Lib. (1905.Ren.).
92. SAGINAW
W. Genessee Ave., near Mich. Ave., N.Y.C. RR. Sta.; Potter St., near Washington Ave.,
P.M. Ry. Sta. 217 Federal Ave., Eastern Mich. Bus Sta. Saginaw Airport, (NE) 2m.
Tri-City Airport, at Freeland. Good accoms. & recr. facils. Tourist camp. Saginaw
Cty. Fair (Sept). Info.: Board of Commerce Bldg.
Saginaw, 4th-largest city & 3rd-largest wholesale market in Mich., is trade center
of industrial & rural valley of Saginaw R., which flows through center of town. It
is an attractive place, with a host of tall old trees, 19th cent, mansions, well-designed
modern bldgs. & numerous bridges. Except for street-corner pumps, few mementoes
of lumbering era remain in town once nationally known for roaring sawmills & R.
choked with logs. In 1818, Louis Campau built a cabin & the council h. where Lewjs
Cass negotiated with Inds. Ft. Saginaw was built in 1822, & Saginaw City inc. in
1857. Along with booming lumber industry, Saginaw developed its large salt de-
posits, coal & graphite, & by 1900, when lumbering began to decline, 70 or more
mfg. plants had been est
PTS. OF INT.: (1) Genessee, Lapeer & Jefferson Aves., Tower Bldg. on which
"Little Jake" Seligman in 1890's erected clock tower & statue of himself, once city's
salient pt. of int. (Copper statue was blown down some yrs. ago). (2) 1315 S. Wash-
ington St, City Hall (1937.Mod.by Macomber & Merrill), of local Bay Port stone.
(3) Jefferson Ave. & Janes St, Hoyt Lib. (1890.Romanes.by Van Brunt & Howe);
notable hist. coll. (4) Ezra Rust Pk. along R.; in center is City Waterworks (Goth.).
(5) Hamilton & Throop Sts., Site of Ind. Treaty, signed in 1819 by Gov. Cass. (6)
301 N. Hamilton St, Ye Olde Musee (O.free) in Schuch Hotel (1868), probably
oldest continuously open tavern in St John P. Schuch*s remarkable coll. incL
10,000 theater programs dating back to 1753 & some 200 Toby jugs. (7) Chevrolet
Grey-Iron Foundry, largest in world. (8) Bean & Grain Elevator, largest in world.
J. with US23 (see).
US10 crosses Sugar Bowl. 107. FREELAND. Tri-City Airport 117. MIDLAND
(accoms-RR.bus.airport). Functional bldgs. show influence of Dow Chemical Co.,
which was est. by the late Dr. H. H. Dow in 1890's, & changed the lumbering vil-
lage into important research center & town of outstanding architectural int. Oil
found during Dow drillings for salt brine has developed into central Mich.'s petro-
leum industry. Hs. & pub. bldgs. are striking in style & construction, many of them
designed by Alden Dow, pupil of Frank Lloyd Wright PTS. OF INT.: W. Main
St, Dow Gardens (O), designed in 1899 by Dr. & Mrs. Dow. Dow Chemical Co.
Plant maintains People's Univ. Main & Fitzhugh Sts., Midland County Cth. (mod.
Tudor.by Bloodgood Tuttle); colored exter. murals (reg. & hist) by Paul Honore.
St. Andrew's Rd., Midland Country Club (by Alden Dow), used as hotel & civic
center.
Sec. 2: MIDLAND to LUDINGTON. 120.
Route cont (NW) across low hills & through cut-over areas (gooxl f.h.). At W. end
of route is Manistee Nat For., popular recr. area, drained by hist. Tittabawassee R.
tributary of Saginaw R., & the Pere Marquette. 8.5., J. with St30, which leads (N)
540 US 23 MICHIGAN
10 m to Edenville, near which, in Tittabawassee R. } is place (now covered by Wixom
Dam) celebrated in "The Jam on Gerry's Rocks," best-known ballad of the North
Woods, sung from Portland, Me., to Portland, Ore. 29. CLARE (community pk.
trlrs.good accoms.RR.& bus). Altitude & pine woods make it favored country for
hay-fever & asthma patients; many streams & abundant wildlife. Near Clare are
important oft & gas fields. J. with US27 (see). 69. REED CITY, prosperous town
with large maple-flooring mill; tourist center. Oil refinery in vie. & 4 of St.'s most
productive oil wells. J. with US131, route to Straits. 77. CHASE, edge of Manistee
Nat For. (piacamp.areas.f.h.winter sports.ranger stas.at White Cloud, Baldwin,
Manistee & Cadillac, hqs. at Muskegon). Chittenden Nursery, at Wellston, often
ships 1,000,000 trees a day to for. crews. In Cadillac Dist. is Mt Caberfae Winter
Sports Area (see). 88. BALDWIN, seat of Lake Cty., on P.M. RR.; popular resort
center.
120. LUDINGTON
RR. & bus conns. Airport at J. of US10 & US31. P.M. RR. Car Ferry to Milwaukee,
Manitowoc & Keewaunee, Wis, Accoms.: All kinds. Golf courses, stables, boat liveries,
summer & winter sports facils. Info.: C. of C.
Ludington, important shipping pt. at mouth of Pere Marquette R. on L. Mich., is
also one of St's hist sites. Rustic cross marks First Grave of Father Marquette (see
St. Ignace, on US2), in pk. bet. Ls. Mich. & Marquette. The long Pere Marquette R
(canoe trl-trout) flows into Marquette L. here. J. with US31 (see) & St. 11 6.
SIDE TRIP: On St.116 (N) 8.5m to Dunes Pk. (f.boatcottages) & Ludington St. Pk.
Inland is Hamlin L. (pike,bass,muskellunge), center of resort colonies.
US 23 MICfflGAN
MICBL-OmO LINE (4 from Toledo, O.) (N) to MACKINAW CITY. 370. US23
Via: Temperance, Dundee, Milan, Ann Arbor, Brighton, Hartland, Flint, Saginaw,
Bay City, Pinconning, Standish, Tawas City, Harrisville, Alpena, (Rogers City), Che-
boygan. Accoms. throughout. Ferry to St. Ignace.
US23 passes comfortable farmsteads in long-settled SE. Mich, From Ann Arbor
(N) are many recr. areas. Tour then follows L. Huron shore, rimming cut-over lands
that have become vast woodland playground.
Sec, 1: OHIO LINE to BAY CITY. 150.
Old-fashioned villages in this sec, suggest their New England origin 21* DUN-
DEE, 31. MILAN, & (W) of US23, Deerfield, Blissfield & Adrian (see). 40. J. with
TJS112 (see). 48. ANN ARBOR (see). In rolling hills of terminal moraine are many
Ls. & marshes. 65. L with US16 (see). 73. J. with St59. Both hys. lead into St. Recr.
Areas. 74.5. HARTLAND, center of Hartland Foundation projects, incl. sch., crafts
shop, lib. & music hall. 86. FENTON, prosperous resort town. J. with St. 87.
SIDE TRIP: On St.87 (E) 5m to HoUy, known locally for its flower gardens. 10^ J. with
US10 (see), which crosses Holly St. Recr. Area, in rugged country of great natural beauty.
112. J. with US10, with which US23 unites to 135. SAGINAW (see US10). 150.
BAY CITY (see US25).
Sec. 2: BAY CITY to MACKINAW CITY. 220.
US23 curves around Saginaw Bay, leaving industrial Mich, behind. L. Huron, 2nd
largest of Gt Ls., was the 1st discovered by white men. Champlain briefly recorded
the great "Freshwater Sea." Saginaw, Au Sable, Thunder Bay & Cheboygan Rs.
(canoe trls.), once lined with sawmills, drain upper half of Lower Peninsula, one
of lumber kingdoms of the world until denuded of its towering pines in late 19th
cent Large areas lie in Huron Nat. For. & scattered st. fors. Along shore are huge
estates, resort villages & camp sites; & inland are sports centers, tourist & trfr.
camps, inns, cottage groups & hotels; bass, perch, pike, trout & muskellunge in
hundreds of Ls. & streams; wild duck, heron, pheasant & grouse in marshlands, &
rabbits, fox, deer, bear & coyote in wilder sees.
20. PINCONNING & STANDISH, 29., trade centers for farm & dairy reg. & good
stopping places (RR.& bus lines.accoms.camp sites). 44. AU GRES, supply center
for hunters, fishermen & summer colony at Pte. Au Gres (tourist pk.boats). 58.
ALABASTER, named for gypsum quarried in vie. since 1870. 64. TAWAS CITY
US 23 MICHIGAN 541
& 66. FORT TAWAS, yr.-round sports centers on Tawas Bay; both, were lumber
towns. Tawas City originated Perch Festival, now held annually (Ap.) in many L.
towns. E. Tawas St Pk. (pic.camp.bathh.f.). Seal Nursery (SW), under U.S. For.
Serv., produces 12,000,000 trees a yr. Huron Nat For. (hqs. in E. Tawas.ranger
stas. at Mack L. & Silver Creek.f.h.swim.boat. winter sports); 770,000 as. of burned
& cut-over lands replanted with red, white & jack pine; 16 campgrounds. From
Tawas (NW) 10 m is Silver Valley, winter-sports area. Au Sable R. flows across for.;
campgrounds (free) at dams in lower R. (pike,bass & bluegills). 80. AU SABLE,
destroyed by fire in 1911, & 81. OSCODA, resort centers. Au Sable R. Dr. leads (W)
c.!5 m from Oscoda to Lumberman's Mon. (RbtAitken), on bluff overlooking R.;
bronze figures of Landlooker, Lumberman & Riverman. 97. HARMSVELLE, resort
center with excellent beach (good f . & h.). St. Fish Hatchery. HarrisvUle St Pk* 112,
J. with Rd. to spring-fed Hubbard L. (ledges.inns.cottages.f .h.).
128. ALPENA
Through RR. & bus conns. Cry. Airport. Accoms. of all types; motor courts, beaches
& camp sites. Boat harbor. Winter sports. Bobcat Hunt Gate JaruO.to pub.). Winter
Carnival. Alpena St For, (f.h.) along Thunder Bay. Info.: C. of C.
Alpena, largest town on L. Huron (N) of Bay City, is business & resort center of
popular Thunder Bay reg. Town was swept by 4 for. fires in early yrs. From 1887,
when Detroit & Mackinac RR. tracks were laid, until pine fors. were exhausted,
the bay shore was lined with sawmills. Limestone quarrying began in 1869 & is
still a leading industry. Thunder Bay R. flows through the city, & Long, Grand &
Hubbard Ls. are in vie.; noted for white-tailed deer & native partridge. At (S)
limits is Michekewis Pk. (bathh.boat livery.pavilion.trlr.camp), scene of Winter
Carnival. Near (E) limits, Mich. Alkali Co.'s Limestone Qiiariy (O), largest in
world.
Picturesque Presque Isle Cty. is considered ideal for relief of hay fever & asthma.
Hy. runs beside Long L. (pike.bass & bluegills). 139. LAKEWOOD. J. with Cty.405.
SIDE TRIP: On Cty.405 (NE) 9m to Grand L. Fire Tower (O). Presque Me P.O. (hoteL
cottages) on NE. shore. Presque Me Lighth. (O.1870) & Tower of Old P. L Lignth. (1841,
by Jeff Davis).
Main tour follows W. shore of Grand L. (f.boats). 160. J. with St.65.
SIDE TRIP: On St.65 (S) 12m (making 4 turns) to Posen, described in Konrad Bercovici's
"On New Shores." On cty. Rd. (NE) are Hawks & Metz. These Polish & German commu-
nities were wiped out in for. fire in early 1900*s. One rescue party was trapped in derailed
train & burned to death.
Beyond J. US23 forks, Branch-US23 running (N) 3 m to Rogers City (through RR.
& bus conns, airport) & adj. Calcite, ranking port for limestone from near-by quar-
ries. At 163. on US23 is J. with St.68, alt route to Rogers City.
SIDE TRIP: On St.68 (W) 24m to Onaway, resort center (hotels.summer homes/tourist
camp.RR.& bus); Ls., waterfalls, sinkholes & lost Rs. in dense woods. St.211 leads (N) 6m
to Onaway St Pk.
164. US23 & Branch-US23 unite. 168. P. F. HOEFT ST. PK. (pic.camp.facils.
bathh.pavilion); trls. around Huron Dune. At c,172., FORTY-MILE FT. LIGHTBL
(O.daytime.1896), 40 m from Straits. Fog horn is heard for miles around. 178. COAST
GUAM) STA. (O.I 878), on Hammond Bay, shelter for many storm-driven ships.
205. CHEBOYGAN
Through RR. & bus conns. Boat serv. to St Ignace, Mackinac I. & Les Cheneaux.
Hotels, cottages, camp sites; winter & summer sports facils. Info.: C. of C.
Cheboygan ("place of entrance"), once a leading lumber town, is seat of cry. known
for abundant wildlife & scenic beauty; f. port, trade center & hqs. for sportsmen.
Short distance from town are Black, Burt & Douglas Ls. (whitefish, muskellunge &
bass), & here begins Inland Water Route (canoe trl.) to Traverse Bay reg. Streets
are lively in season with fishermen, deer hunters & woodsmen in bright-checked
mackinaws & pegged trousers. Snow plows & paper & wood products are leading
industries. Sawdust Pile, 1,000' high, accumulated over 60 yrs. J. with US27 (see),
with which US23 unites past Hardwood St For. (f.h.trlr.camps.cottages).
220. MACKINAW CITY
Terminal of main RR. & bus lines & N-S hys. St. ferry to St. Ignace; cruiser to Mack-
inac I. Airp9rt at Pellston, 20m (S) on US31. Hotels, cottages, camp sites; facils. for
Dimmer & winter sports.
542 US 27 MICHIGAN
The port city to the North Country is a lively place on the Straits, through which
Nicolet paddled in 1634, bringing with him an embroidered robe to wear before
Chinese court Site was familiar to Inds., priests & voyageurs, & fur trader's canoe
was called Mackinaw boat. Ft. Michilimackinac, est. at St. Ignace (1681), was
re-est. on S. shore of Straits in 1715. After fall of New France, Brit traders came.
In 1780-81, Ft was moved to Mackinac I. (see below). Ft. MichilimacMnac St. Pk.
MacMnac L St Pk. (stores.hotels.cottages.no camp.no autos) is reached by ferry
from Mackinaw City & St Ignace; in winter over "ice bridge" by sleigh. Only
motorized vehicle permitted is motor-bobsled (no org. winter sports), but rubber-
tired carriages & basket buggies carry sightseers to hist. & scenic pts. Beyond Mar-
quette Pk., beautiful terraces & gardens rise to Grand Hotel & the old fortress. The
17th-cent. missionaries were probably 1st white men to visit the rocky I. Brit, main-
tained Ft Michilimackinac here from 1781 until Jay Treaty in 1798 & held pos-
session again during War of 1812. John Jacob Astor est. Amer. Fur Co. post in
1817, & until 1830's a wild crowd of "coureurs des bois," adventurers & frontiers-
men held forth in what is now Mich.'s show resort, enjoyed by Southern planters
before Civil War. PTS. OF INT.: Old St Ann's Ch. (1874.parish est.1695); Ft.
Mackinac (reconst); Ft Holmes (1812), on highest pt; Astor Fur Post (O.rest);
Agent's H. (O.1817), sometimes called Rbt Stuart H.; Arch Rock, Sugar Loaf, &
other formations.
US 27 MICHIGAN
&0CH.-IND. LINE (9 from Angola, Ind.) (N) to CHEBOYGAN. 317. US27
Via- Coldwater, Marshall, Olivet, Lansing, St. Johns, Alma, Mount Pleasant, Clare,
Harrison, Houghton Lake, Roscommon, Grayling, Gaylord, Indian River. Accoms.
throughout. Numerous resorts. Airport at (Battle Creek), Lansing & Pellston, near
Cheboygan. US127 roughly parallels route, via Jackson, to Lansing.
Sec. 1: MICEL-IND. LINE to CLARE. 165.
From J. with US20 in Ind., US27 enters reg. of Ls. (5) COLDWATER L.; resort
colonies. 13. COLDWATER (see US112). Near GIRARD, 19., are traces of Ind.
mounds & at TEKONSHA, 24., is Mon. to Chief Tekonquasha. 36. MARSHALL;
fine Hs. of Col. & Civil War periods; one of earliest stops on Terr. Rd. (1812).
Brooks HL (1830*s.Gr.Rev.). J. with US12 (see). 49. OLIVET, home of Olivet
College (Congr.), coed., liberal arts sch. of high standing; founded 1844. Rev. John
Shipherd, founder of Oberlin College (see Ohio), brought small colony by ox-cart
to the hill he had named Olivet. Shipherd died within year. Mather Hall; Mus. (est.
1858). US27 winds among "sugar bushes" (groves of sugar maples) & rich pastures.
59. CHARLOTTE, maple-syrup & sugar center. Bennett Pk. (trlr.camp.). Mem.
Grove & Mon* J. with St.50 & SL78, with which US27 unites (NE).
SIDE TRIP: On St.50 (E) 10^ to Eaton, the "Wool City"; mills (O). In vie. are Veterans
of Foreign Wars Nat Home & Mich. Holiness Assoc. Camp.
66. POTTERVILLE. Great flocks of sheep & herds of purebred cattle & Percheron
horses in countryside. J. with Rd.
SIDE TRIP: On Rd. (W) 14m to Vermontrille, founded by Vennonters in 1836; orig. ch.
& academy (1843). Maple Sugar Festival (spring).
79. LANSING (see). US27 turns directly (N). 97. ST. JOHNS (G.T. RR. & bus.
accoms.), mfg. town & seat of Clinton Cty., noted pheasant country. In vie. are
Wolverine Stockyard & Clinton Mem. Hospital; grain elevators, cider presses &
creameries. J. with St21.
SIDE TRIP: On St.21 (E) 19m to Owosso (accoms.airportrecr.facils.), former lumber town
on Shiawawassee R.; easy access to pheasant & f. territory. Birthpl. of Jas. O. Curwood &
Thos. E. Dewey, Clubh. of Cty. Conservation Assoc. Curwood's Castle, on riverbank. Off
St47 are Dewey H. & Masonic Mem. Hospital.
120. ITHACA, seat of oil-producing & agric. Gratiot Cty. Ind. Trl. Mon. in Tourist
Pk. 126. Hy. forks.
SIDE TRIP: On US27A (W) 3m to Alma, (RR.& bus.tourist pk. & usual accoms.), center
of oil-producing reg.; mfg. of house-trlrs. is important industry. Alma College (Presb.1887),
coed., liberal arts sch.; degree also in music. Hood Mus.; Mich, bird, Ind. & geological
colls.
US 31 MICHIGAN 543
128. ST. LOUIS (sett!853.RR.& bus conn.), "bugless" town on Pine R. Bottling of
sparkling mineral waters in vie. & manufacture of D.D.T. caused considerable ex-
pansion of small industrial town & resort Mich. Chemical Co. (D.D.T.) Plant 150.
MOUNT PLEASANT, pleasantly modern college town on Cbippewa R.; hqs. of
important oil companies. Good trout streams & hunting fields. Mich. St Home &
Training Sch. (O), originally an Ind. sch. On S. College Ave. are handsome bldgs.
of Central Mich. College of Education (1895); good music dept. 165. CLARE (RR.&
bus), resort city named for Irish cty. because of hills & streams around.
Sec. 2: CLARE to CHEBOYGAN. 152.
US27 runs (N) through pine, poplar & birch woods, past hidden Ls. where fish can be
caught for pic. dinners; resorts & accoms. around tourist centers. 15. HARRISON,
on Budd L. Wilson St Pk.; many Ls. trls. to lumber camps (cabins.camp sites,
boat liveries). Good h. for bear, deer, fox, rabbit & wildcat. J. with St.61.
SIDE TRIP: On St.61 (E) 17m to Gladwin & Gladwin St Pk. (bus.airport.stores.facils.), on
Cedar R. (canoe trl.). Gladwin Game Refuge; Grand Nat. Grouse Trials. Cty. has some
of best f . & h.
39. HOUGHTON L. VILLAGE (RR.& bus.airport), at end of largest inland L. in
St. (hotels.motor courts.cabins.restaurants.stores.golf). Other resort villages are
THE HEIGHTS & PRUDENVTLLE, 44. Good climate for hay fever. Excellent f.
& game h. J. with St.55.
SIDE TRIP: On St.55 (E) 19m to West Branch, supply center for Rifle R. Area (f.h.battu
boat-winter sports). Annual Deer Hunters* Festival; wildcat hunts with trained dogs.
At c.56. (W) of hy., Biggins L. St Pk. at (S) end of startlingly blue for. L. (cabins,
hotels & summer homes). St. For. Nursery, said to be largest coniferous nursery in
world. 59. ROSCOMMON, important tourist center near Huron Nat For. (see
US23). 75. GRAYLING, winter & summer sports capital; supply pt for trips down
Au Sable R. (trout f .canoeing); seat of Crawford Cty. (numerous resorts.). Grayling
is named for native game fish that shared fate of passenger pigeon. Grayling Winter
Recr. Area (snow trains), one of best-equipped in Mid-west.
Tour crosses Middle Branch of Au Sable R. 78. J. with St.93 which turns (NE) 7^
to celebrated Hartwick Pines St Pic. (f.h.pic.camp.facils.stores), incl. 90 as. of virgin
hemlock, white & red pine, last vestige of Lower Peninsula's primeval for. 95.
OTSEGO L. VILLAGE (cty.pk.). Otsego L. St Pk. (f.camp.trh-s.bathh.boats.). 97.
ARBUTUS BEACH, named for exquisite woodlands flower. In spring, pails of the
blossoms are sold along hy. Some of highest land in Lower Peninsula is in Otsego
Cty., crest of long glacial moraine. lj)3. GAYLORD (good accoms.stores), popular
center for hunters & vacationers. Vic. ranks high in potato production. Admirable
country for hik. & winter sports. 111. VANDERBELT. (Rd. leads (E) to Pigeon R.
St For. where elk herds may be seen at dawn & twilight). 122. WOLVERINE,
named for carnivorous weasel that gave Mich, its nickname but probably never
lived here. 132. INDIAN RIVER, at (S) end of lovely Burt L.; summer resort
(good accoms-stores). Near-by are Ind. & Sturgeon Rs. (trout) & Burt L. St Pk. 138.
TOPINABEE, one of oldest resorts in Mich, (hotel.beaches.camp.bus), named for
Potawatomi chief who signed treaty giving up site of Chicago. 149. At (N) end of L.,
J. with St.33, which leads (S) 6* to Aloha St Pk. 152. CHEBOYGAN (see US23).
J. with US23 (see).
US 31 MICHIGAN
MICH.-INIX LINE (6 m from South Bend) (N) to MACKINAW CITY. 356. US31
Via: Niles, St. Joseph-Benton Harbor, South Haven, Saugatuck, Holland, Grand Haven,
Muskegon, Montague-Whitehall, Hart, Ludington, Manistee, Beulah, Interlochen,
Traverse City, Torch L., Charlevoix, Petoskey, Mackinaw City. Good accoms. Ferry
across L. Mich, at several pts.
US31 follows shore of L. Mich, then cuts inland to tip of Lower Peninsula. Scenery
shifts from orchards of fruit belt, past dunes & port cities, through Manistee Nat.
For. & beautiful Traverse Bay Area, to "Holy Old Mackinaw" on the Straits.
544 US 31 MICHIGAN
Sec. 1: MICH.-IND. LINE to J. with US10 E. of LUDINGTON. 166.
US31, united with US33, crosses St. line from J. with US20 in South Bend, Ind. 5.
NILES (good accoms.), old town in St Joseph R. valley over which 4 flags have
rippled: the "fleur-de-lis" in 1697, Brit in 1761, Sp. in 1781 & U.S. in 1783. Along
R. Rd. are Site of Ft St Joseph (1897) & Father Allouez Mem. Cross, near spot
where missionary died in 1689. On Grant St. is Site of Carey Mission, founded in
1 822 by Rev. Isaac McCoy (Bapt). Ring Lardner H. In vie. Beefoe Mint Farm. J. with
US112 (see), St.60, & Red Bud Trl.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On St.60 (NE) 15m to Cassopolis, famous junction on Underground RR.;
seat of Cass Cty., known for its Ls. (good f.h.) & flower farms.
(B) On Red Bud Trl. (W) 5m to Buchanan. In Oak Ridge Cemetery Jos* Coveney Mon.,
carved in England with atheistic sentiments. 9^ Bear Cave (O.summer.smiee), one of few
ancient tufa formations in Midwest.
13. BERMEN SPRINGS, home of Emmanuel Missionary College (Seventh Day Ad-
ventist); liberal arts, nondenom. college, est in 1873. 28. ST. JOSEPH-BENTON
HARBOR (see US12). US31 follows shore along edge of Van Buren Cty., which
takes nat rank in grapes & apples. 49.5. VAN BUREN ST. PK. (beach.f acils.group
camp.store). 53. SOUTH HAVEN, port & resort city with fine sand beach (good
accoms.). Black R., which flows through town, was popular Ind. camp site, as was
high ridge (E) marking ancient shoreline. Annual Peach Festival & Perch _ Run.
Dunes give way to wilder scenery where steep clay banks are carved by wind &
waves into strangely beautiful patterns. 71. J. with St.89, which leads (E) across
Allegan St For. (f.h.pic.camp facils.), 58,000 as. along Kalamazoo R. (canoe trL).
Swan Creek Wildlife Exper. Sta.; Archery Course (natfield trials).
SIDE TRIP: On St.89 (E) 25m to Allegan, lively resort center, known for 100-yr. old Cty.
Fair.
75. DOUGLAS & SAUGATUCK, art colony & vacation center, at mouth of Kala-
mazoo R. (hotels.resorts.protected harbor). Mt Baldhead (Old Baldy), across R., is
highest dune on L. Mich. Dune Desert extends (N) for miles, a surrealist's dream of
moving sandhills, towering trees without foliage, unusual flowers. Ottawa Beach St
Pk. (f.camp.facils.bathh.store).
87. HOLLAND
Through RR. & bus conns. Airport. Accoms. of all kinds. Recr. facils. Annual Tulip
Festival. Info, at Warm Friend Tavern.
Holland is leading center of Dutch colony est. 100 yrs. ago. M. M. Quaife calls it
"foremost center of Dutch cultural influence in America." Tulip Time (middle of
May) draws hundreds of thousands to the Dutch hostelries to see wooden-shoe
carvers, parades & dancing in costume in scrubbed streets. Shipping pt. for millions
of baby chicks, ducks & geese. PTS. OF INT.: Central Ave. & 12th St, Nether-
lands Mns,, repository of Dutch records & folk material, incL gifts from Netherlands
Gov. Hope College, founded in 1855 as Rev. A. C. Van Raalte's "anchor of hope."
Mem. Chapel (1929.mod.Goth.). Western Theological Seminary, for Dutch Re-
formed ministry. Old First Ch. (1856.Gr.Rev.), only bldg. to survive 1871 fibre.
Little Netherlands (O.sm.fee), miniature village.
108. GRAND HAVEN, f. port & resort center. Grand Haven St Pk. (f.bathh.pic.
camp.store.facils.). J. with US16 (see). 121. MUSKEGON (see US16). J. with St20.
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On St.20 (W) 4m to Muskegon St. Pk. (f.bathkboatlivery.pic.group
camp.store)
(B) On St.20 (NE) 64 m to Big Rapids. At 26m Fremont, home of Gerber's Baby Food
(tours); one of several sports centers in Newaygo Cty., noted f. & h. area.
On St.82 (S) & (E) 10m to Newaygo (trlr.pk.suppHes.guides.boats), on Muskegon R., at
edge of Manistee Nat. For. (see US10). Newaygo Cry. Winter Sports Pk.
St.20 conts. (NE) to White Cloud, 40m, ranger sta. of nat. for.; White Cloud St Pk. 64m
Big Rapids, home of Ferris Institute, coed., founded by W. N. Ferris (TJ.S. Senator & Gov.)
as "school for the masses.'*
36. WHITEHALL & MONTAGUE, on White L. (f .pic.camp.boatbathh.trlrs.stores),
one of best yr.-round f. spots. In winter a few thousand f. shanties make gaily
colored village on the L. At Little Point Sable is Lighth. said to be tallest on L. Mich.
146. HART, among orchards & berry fields (fresh fruit, cider, pies & jellies for
sale). 152. PENTWATER* fruit-shipping port; also resort center noted for steel-
head trout. Chas. Mears St. Pk. (pic.camp.facils.store). 166. J. with US 10, with which
US31 unites. From J. (W) 2 is Ludington (see US10); ferry to Wis. cities.
US 31 MICHIGAN 545
Sec. 2: J. with US10 to MACKINAW CITY. 190.
7* SCOTTVDLLE; large canning factories & grain elevators. Annual Cattle Show.
US3 1 turns (N) across pioneer lumbering country, now resort area cut by the fast,
crooked Pere Marquette R. (canoe trl. trout). 29* MANISTEE (all kinds of accoms.).
Manistee Nat For. Festival (July 4). Along L. are plants of Morton Salt Co. &
Hardy Salt Co., largest in world (O.guides). Century Boat Co. Plant (O). On St.110
(N) is Orchard Beach St Pk. J. with St.55.
SIDE TRIP: On St.55 (E) 43m to CadiHac, yr.-round resort Info.: C. of C. Winter Car-
nival (late Jan.). City, named for founder of Detroit, was one of chief lumbering centers,
Mt. Caberfae Winter Sports Area (accoms.bus from Cadillac & Wellston), one of best in
Middle West; on highest land in Lower Peninsula (1,700').
35. J. with St.22.
SIDE TRIP: On St.22 (N). (Tour of Leelanau Peninsula, on Grand Traverse Bay.) 7m
Onekama, in Portage L. resort area. 18^ Arcadia, Luth. summer resort. 31m Elfoerta &
Frankfort (A.A. RR. Car Ferry to Menominee & Manistique, Mich., & Manitowoc, Wis.).
One of largest commercial f . fleets on Gt.Ls. has hqs. at Frankfort (trips on appl.). Hy. curves
around Crystal & Platte Ls. (f.resorts). 53 m Empire. J. with St.72, route across peninsula
through resort centers & miles of cherry orchards. 65m J. with St 109, which makes loop
tour of peninsula. 71m Glen Arbor, on lovely Glen L.; Dunesmobile trips. 89m Leland,
summer artist's colony & f. village; boat to Manitou L Sugar Loaf Winter Sports Center.
100m Nortfaport, resort center. Shady Trls. Camp, for speech correction. Nortnport
Lighth. (1839). St.22 turns (S) here to follow broken (E) side of peninsula. 121m Bingham,
near L. Leelanau (resorts.canip sites). 132m Traverse City.
47. BEAR LAKE VILLAGE, resort. 6L BENZONIA & BEULAH (f.boatcamp.
cottages.hotels), on Crystal L. (annual smelt run jce-f.). 70. INTERLOCHEN NAT.
MUSIC CAMP, of Univ. of Mich, (concerts in summer). On Stl37 (S) Interiochea
St Pk. in Fife L. St. For.
83. TRAVERSE CITY
Through RR. & bus conns. Airport. Accoms. of all lands. Trips on Leelanau Peninsula;
to Sugar Loaf Winter Sports Club. Whole area is dotted with resorts. Info.: C. of C.
Traverse City, besides being health (hay fever & asthma) & vacation resort & sports
center, is also leading U.S. market for cherries. It has one of most beautiful settings
of any town in St. Traditional Blessing of Cherry Blossoms (mid-May) is event of
nat int. Clinch Pk. (yacht basin.beach). Con Foster Mus. J. with St.37.
SIDE TRIP: (N) On St.37 through Old Mission Peninsula (inn & other accoms.), a 15*
tendril of land, white with cherry blossoms in spring. Site of Presb. Mission, 1st white
settlement (1839) in bay area. Old Mission Ughtn.
85. TRAVERSE CITY ST. PK. (f.bath.boatpic.camp.facils.store). US31 runs (N)
on narrow isthmus bet. bay & Torch L. 116. TORCH L. VILLAGE. Dist abounds
in resorts; good country for deer & sm. game. Chippewa village sites, spears &
arrowheads are frequently found. 135. CHARLEVOIX, boating & deep-sea trolling
center in wealthy community (cruisesxanoe trls.beaches.tourist camp.steamship &
plane to Beaver L & Petoskey). J. with St.66.
SIDE TRIP: Beaver L is largest in archipelago 30m O r more (W) of Straits. St James
(hotel.cabins.info.at C.of C.). Chippewa & Ottawa Inds, were 1st inhabitants, & "coureurs
de bols" roamed the woods before settlement was made on mainland. In 1847, the Mor-
mons arrived from Voree, Wis. (see), under Jas. Jesse Strang. Homesteaders were ad-
mitted in 1848, but King Strang, crowned in 1850, was absolute monarch until prejudice
<&. suspicion caused Gov. investigation. Strang was acquitted &. served in Mich. Legislature.
Rebellion later broke out against the tyrannical leader, & he was slain in 1856. Some
2,500 Mormons were driven away by rnainlanders who took over the I. Irish fisherman est.
colony around St. James, where pop. is stfll largely Irish. Harbor Light, erected during
Mormon period.
152. PETOSKSY (RR. & bus conns. Accoms. & sports facils. guides). Thousands
come by snow train to 10-day Winter Carnival (Feb.). Hiawatha Ind. Pageant
(July- Aug.). On Little Traverse Bay is Magnus St Pk. US31 unites with US131
through adj. Bay View, known for Bay View Assembly (Meth.) Summer & Music
Sen. (concerts & lectures).
SIDE TRIPS: (A) On US131 from Petoskey (S) 9m to Walloon Lake VHIage, resort on
one of lovliest inland Ls. (f.swimJh.hotelsjesorts.cabins). 16m Boyne Falls, on fast Boyne
R., great smelt stream.
(B) On St.131 from Bay View (N) & (W) 8 m to Harbor Springs, resort on deep-water harbor.
29m Cross Village, Ind. town on high bluff. Autumn Pow-wow (may be photographed).
Father Weikamp's Tomb.
546 US 2 MICHIGAN
157. CONWAY, on Crooked L., part of Inland Water Route (camp.f.& h.resorts).
170. PELLSTON (airporthotels & other accpms.). 190. MACKINAW CITY (see
US23). St. ferries to St. Ignace (see US2). J. with US23 (see) & Rd. along Cecil Bay.
SIDE TRIP: On Rd. (W) 8m to Wilderness St Pk. (f.h.), circled by truck trl.; serv. area
(pic,camp.cabinslacils.no store). Much of inter, is impenetrable.
US 2 MICHIGAN
SAULT STE MARIE (W) to MICH.-WIS. LINE. 388. US2
Via: St. Ignace, Brevort, Naubinway, Manistique, Rapid River, Gladstone, Escanaba,
Norway, Iron Mountain, Crystal Falls, Watersmeet, Wakefield, & Ironwood.
US2 is direct route bet. Soo & St. Ignace. From there, hy. follows L. Mich. (W) &
then crosses cedar swamps & pine, balsam & spruce fors. to rugged iron country &
land of Ls. Ottawa Nat. For. covers whole W. end of Upper Peninsula.
Sec. 1: SAULT STE MARIE (S) to ST. IGNACE. 53. (see Sault Ste Marie Trip II).
Sec. 2: ST. IGNACE (W) to ESCANABA. 145.
.ST. IGNACE . T ^
RR. & bus conns. Ferry to Mackinaw City & Mackinac I. Excursions to Les Cheneaux.
Hotels, lodges, cabins. Info.: Bureau at City Hall.
St Ignace, port of entry, 2nd oldest settlement in St.; commercial f . center, smoked
whitefish a specialty. From across Straits, city is semicircle of bright-roofed houses,
half-hidden by trees, against background of hills dark with cedar & pine. Scene in
winter is a flashback to the past, with sailors & fishermen in dungarees, hunters &
woodsmen in mackinaws, & horsedrawn sleighs in narrow, white roadways. Nicolet
visited site in 1634, & fur traders followed. Pere Marquette founded mission in
1670, & Ft de Buade (later Micnilimackinac) was erected by Fr., but after Cadillac
left for Detroit (see), the outpost was abandoned. Near site of mission is Grave of
Pere Marquette, who died on return journey from Miss. R. exploration & was buried
near Ludington (see US10), on L. Mich. Ind. friends brought his body back to St
Ignace by canoe, & grave was accidentally discovered in 1877. Ind. Village; baskets
& souvenirs. Ft de Buade Ruins. On Stl22, Straits St. Pk. (pic.camp.).
US2 becomes scenic hy. (W) among dunes & hills (resort facils.cabins.pic. & camp
sites). Jutting into L. are Pt Aux Chenes, Pt. La Barbe, Gros Cap, Seul Choix Pt
15. (E. of hy.) Brevort L., resort center. 44. NAUBINWAY, resort center (good f.
& h.) in reg. of Millecoquins L. 50. J. with SU35, which leads (N) 8 m to Curtis, on
edge of Manistique L* (best wall-eyed f. in St.resort facils.). 66. BLANEY PK.
(O.yr.round.sports facils.playh.); info, at New Camp 9, on hy.; trls. on logging Rds.;
sleigh trains to deeryards & lumber camps. Paul Bunyan's Camp, on L. Louise; Lum-
berwoods Mus. 82. GULLIVER (f.accoms.airport). On L. Mich. (SE) is Port L,
where Inland Lime & Stone Co. quarries millions of tons of limestone; loaded on
freighters by conveyor system.
90. MANISTIQUE
Through RR. & bus conns. Ferries to Frankfort & Wis. cities. Airport. More than 30
sizable resorts in Cty. (f.h.swim.boat).
Manistique is Upper Peninsula's only harbor clear the yr. round & is a leading
resort center. Commercial f., shipping, & wood & paper mfg. are important. It was
one of largest lumbermill towns. Bordering city are Hiawatha Nat, For. & Casino
St Game Refuge. At N. edge is Wyman Nursery, probably largest in world. J. with
for. Rd. & St.94, which leads (N) 11^ to Hiawatha; then (W) into Hiawatha Nat
For. (see St.28).
SIDE TRIP: On for. Rd. (W) c.6m to Ind. L. St Pk. (f.bathh.electric.facilsxamp.trlrs.).
At N. end of L. is Kitch-Iti-Kipi Spring, a cold, clear pool in Palms Book St Pk. (facils.
store.no camp.). Resorts with good beaches & hotels.
96. THOMPSON, St Fish Hatchery (O), said to be largest in world. US2 rounds
head of Big Bay de Noc (bass.pike). 107. J. with Rd. leading (S) into Garden Penin-
sula (harbors.cottages.resorts).
US2 runs (W) across top of Stonington Peninsula, Arcadian countryside (f.camp.
boatresorts). 115. NAHMA JCT. Rd. leads (S) to Nahma, resort & sports center.
Bay de Noquet Lumber Camps (O). 129. RAPID RIVER, lumber & resort town in
US 2 MICHIGAN 547
good deer & small-game area. J. with US41 (see). 134. 5. KIPLING, 2nd lumbering
village named for poet (see Sault Ste Marie Trip n). 136. GLADSTONE (through.
RR. & bus lines.accoms.tourist pk.) industrial town & sports center on Little Bay
de Noc. Nat, Log Birling Tournament (July). Winter Festival (Feb.). Sports Pk.
(O.yr.round). Marble Arms Co. (O), makers of hunting knives.
145. ESCANABA
Through RR. & bus conns. Mun. Airport. Accoms. Tourist Pk. Yacht harbor. Winter
Carnival (Feb.); Smelt Jamboree (Ap.); Hiawathaland Festival (July 3-6); Venetian
Night (Aug.); U. Peninsula St. Fair (Aug.). Info.: C. of C.
Escanaba (sett. 1830) ships millions of tons of iron ore annually from lofty Piers
extending nearly a half-mile into Green Bay. Named by Inds. "Land of the Red
Buck," Escanaba is stopping place for deer hunters & fishermen & hqs. of Hiawatha
& Marquette Nat Fors. Birdseye Veneer Co. (O), largest in world.
Sec. 3: ESCANABA to MICH.-WIS. LINE. 190.
US2 unites (W) with US41 (see) for 30 m through iron ranges. 21. HARRIS, named
for M. B. Harris, who saved Potawatomi from starvation during smallpox epidemic.
Rd. leads (S) to Hannahville Settlement (Ind.). 41. MENOMINEE CTY. PK. (pic.
camp.water). 48. LORETTO, on rim of Menominee Iron Range. In vie. are Hamilton
Ls. (camp.bath.). 53. NORWAY (info.bureau.tourist sery.), prosperous resort vil-
lage. Rd. leads (S) to Old Town, site of Norway before it caved into underground
mine workings. Ind. Head Fish Hatchery. (US8 enters Norway from Wis.)
iO. IRON MOUNTAIN & KINGSFORD
Through RR. & bus conns. Ford Airport. Hotels & resort & sports facils. Info, bureau
at C. of C.
Iron Mountain is literally a mountain of ore; distributing pt. since 1878. Hillside
village of Kingsford grew up around Ford Motor Co. plant. Good f . streams & dense
fors. in vie. PTS. OF INT.: (1) City Pk. (pic.cabins.swim.). (2) L. Antoine Pk. (pic.
bathh.). (3) Cornish Mine Pump, last in Upper Peninsula & one of largest in world;
flywheel weighs 100 tons. (4) Pewabic Mine Cave-in. (5) World's Largest Artificial
Ski Slide. (6) Horserace Rapids, in Menominee R. ''canoe trl. through rugged
country).
US2 unites with US 141 & enters Wis. 79. Hy. crosses Brule R. into Mich, again.
Michegamme, Paint & Net Rs. unite with the Brule to form great Menominee R.
90. CRYSTAL FALLS (cottages.resorts), hqs. for canoe trls. & scenic trips. Bass
Festival (July) on Paint R. Peavey Falls Dam & L.; record catches of bass, pike &
perch. 94. BE-WA-BIC PK. (pic.camp.bathh.sports facils.) 95. Rd. (S) to Pentoga
Pk. (camp.pic-group bldg.f.boats). 107. IRON RIVER & STAMBAUGH, twin cities
& latest of mining towns on Menominee Range; also lumbering & resort centers.
109. OTTAWA NAT. FOR. (hqs. at Ironwood.ranger stas.at Iron River, Bergland,
Bessemer, Kenton, Ontanogan & Watersmeet.camp.lh.), largest of St's 5 nat. fors.;
incl. 1,743,000 wilderness as. broken by 400 Ls. & l,200 m of streams; major hys.
& good for. & cty. Rds.; timber wolves, white-tailed deer, bear, beaver & porcupine.
130.5. US2 crosses Lac Vieux Desert Trl. Father Rene Menard, 1st recorded white
man in reg., started out on trl. from L'Anse (see US41), on L. Superior, but went
astray from party & was never seen again. Trl. leads (S) to Ind. village & Lac Vieux
Desert, on Wis. border. 131. WATERSMEET, where highlands divide Miss. R.
L. Superior & L. Mich, drainage systems. For miles around are hotels, lodges,
resorts, & cabin groups. J. with US45, route (S) through Land O'Ls. (see Wis.). 157.
MARENISCO has one of Upper Peninsula's largest lumber mills. Canoe trl. (for
experts) on wild Presque Isle R. 174. WAKEFIELD, mining center on edge of
Gogebic Iron Range, last to be explored. Wakefield Mine, one of largest open-pit
mines on range. J. with St.28 (see). 181. BESSEMER, beautiful valley town, once a
mining camp. Rd. along Black R. (canoe trl.) to mouth on L. Superior; Black R. Pk.
(pic.camp.).
189.5. IRONWOOD (through RR. & bus conns.airport;tourist & winter sports
facils.), 3rd-largest town in Upper Peninsula; separated by Montreal R. from no-
torious Hurley, Wis. City began when Gogebic range was opened, 1884-85, & some
of deepest mines are in vie. Mount Zion Shelter Lodge (skiing). Eureka Mine, 190,
MICH.-WIS. LINE.
54$ ST. 28 MICHIGAN
ST. 28 MICHIGAN
SAULT STE MARIE (W) to MICH.-WIS. LINE. 327. St28
Via* Eckennan Comer, McMillan, Seney, Shingleton, Munising, Marquette, Negatmee,
Ishpeming, Michigamme, Sidnaw, Bruce Crossing, Bergland, Wakefield, Ironwood.
Roughly paralleled by Soo Line RR. Hotels in larger centers; accoms. for summer
tourists along hy.
St.28, occasionally blocked by snow, runs through timberlands where axe Is heard
on hy., still the territory of wild chickens & ducks, bear & deer.
Sec. 1: SAULT STE MARIE to MARQUETTE. 165.
0. SAULT STE MARIE (see). J. with US2 (see). 8. St.28 turns (W) across swamps &
reforested areas. Piles of logs by roadside are reminders of lumbering days. Off hy.
(S) are sees, of Mimoscong St. Game Area. 21.5. MARQUETTE NAT. FOR. (hqs.
at Escanaba, ranger stas. at Raco & Moran.f.h.pic.camp.). More than 500,000
people a yr. use this 500,000-a. playground of unbroken for.; countless Ls. & f.
streams. In game refuges are wolf, bear, bobcat, fox & beaver. 38. ECKERMAN
CORNER. J. with St. 123 to Whitefish Pt. (see Sault Ste Marie Trip IV). 43.5. HUL-
BERT L. CLUB (dining room), short distance off hy. 48.5. J. with Rd. to Soo Jet.
(parking), where little RR. takes passengers to Tahquemenon R. boat, (see Sault
Ste Marie Trip IV). 55* J. with St.48, with which St28 unites (N) to Newbeny,
trade center; logging Rds. & wildflower trls. Newberry St. Hospital (mental). 86.
SENEY, serene town that was once the hell-hole of Upper Peninsula. Hotel. St77
leads (S) into Seney Migratory Waterfowl Refuge (Fed.).
SIDE TRIP: On St77 (N) 25m to Grand Marais, f . village, harbor & resort (good accoms.);
known for whitefish & swirling sand dunes. Pau-Puk-Keewis "danced Ms Beggar's Dance
on the beach at Grand Marais." Boats for Pictured Rocks (see below).
110. SHINGLETON. Hy. enters Hiawatha Nat For. (hqs. at Escanaba.ranger stas.
at Manistique, Munising & Rapid River.pic.camp.group camps.f.h.), 822,000 as.
incL some of St's most picturesque areas. In this for. Hiawatha & Nokomis had
their wigwams, & from its N. rim Hiawatha departed "in the purple mists of eve-
ning ... to the Islands of the Blessed." J. with St.84, which leads (N) to Cusino
St Game Refuge. 121. MUNISING (through RR.& bus conns.good accoms.sports
facils.), in crescent-shaped valley, facing Munising Bay. Opp. is Grand I., formerly
13,000-a. Ojibway camp, ground, now a resort (cabins.hotel). Munising began with
iron furnaces in 1850's & grew with lumbering; still a woodworking center. Tours to
Pictured Rocks & Grand L
SIDE TRIP: Pictured Rocks are best seen from boat (July-Sept.& chartered serv.). Radis-
son's journal (1658) has 1st description by white man of the 27m wall of many-colored
cliffs. Trip starts with Grand L Near Sand Pt, the Pictured Rocks begin, red-sandstone
formation carved by glaciers & wind, sun & rain of a thousand yrs. & painted by soluble
oxide deposits. Impressive formations are Colored & Rainbow Caves, Three Battleships,
lad. Drum Cave, Chapel Rock & Spray Cr. Cascade. Beyond Sullivan's Landing, 30m,
are Grand Sable Banks, dunes piled hundreds of feet high.
114. J. with dirt Rd. leading (N) through hardwood for. to Laughing Whitefish Falls
& Laughing Fish Pt 160. St28 unites with US41 (see). 165. MARQUETTE (see).
Sec. 2: MARQUETIE (W) to MICBL-WIS. LINE. 162.
12. NEGAUNEE. 15. ISHPEMING (see US41). Iron country is wild & rugged, with
sm. villages in midst of mine workings. Many lumbermen & miners went back to
the land, & wherever possible, there are farms. 41. MICHIGAMME (see US41).
73. COVINGTON, popular with hunters. Finnish Lnth. Ch. 77. Hy. crosses LAC
VIEUX DESERT TRL. (see US2). Beyond is Ottawa Nat. For. (see US2). 82.
NESBIT L. ORGANIZATION CAMP (large group camps.electric.water plant
cabins.infirmary.pic.camp.sports facils.). 106. BRUCE CROSSING, among dairy
pastures. 127. BERGLAND, at N. end of L. Gogebic, largest in Upper Peninsula;
many resorts & tourist pks. Just (W) is J. with St.64.
SIDE TRIP: On St.64 (N) 18m to Gull Pt. & Silver City, village on site of silver boom in
1870*s. J. with St.107, which leads (W) 10m to Porcupine Mts. St. Pk. (f.h.pic.camp.cabins.
overnight shelters.trlr.pks.), Mich/s newest (1943) & one of country's largest st. pks., cover-
ing 46,000 as. (6,600 under Fed.control). The Porcupines, highest range in Middle West,
parallel lakeshore & reach highest pt. at Gov. Peak (2,023'). Trls. to Mirror L. (cabins,
facils.trout), Lily Pond, Carp R. Falls & Site of Copper Mine (cabins).
US 41 MICHIGAN 549
St.28 unites with St.64 along N. end of L. Gogebic. 147. WAKEFIELB, in heart of
iron country. J. with Rd. to Presque Isle Pk. & Porcupine Mts. St.28 unites here with
US2 (see). 153.5. BESSEMER* 161.5. IRONWOOD. 162. Hy. crosses Montreal R.,
MICH.-WIS. LINE.
US 41 MICHIGAN
MICH.-WIS. LINE (Marinette, Wis.) (N) to COPPER HARBOR. 282. US41
Via: Menominee, Stephenson, Escanaba, Gladstone, Trenary, Marquette, Negaunee,
Ishpeming, L'Anse, Baraga, Houghton, Hancock, Calumet. Motor launch to Me
Royale from Copper Harbor. Resorts, tourist accoms.
US41 crosses broadest part of Upper Peninsula from Menominee Cty. farmlands
& excellent f. grounds, (E & NW) to Marquette & (N) to Keweenaw Peninsula,
the copper country.
Sec. 1: MENOMINEE to MARQUETTE. 131.
Menominee Cty. is bordered (E) by Green Bay & (W) by Menominee R. (Wis.
Line), celebrated in lumbering era for record log traffic. Stewart Edw. White (see
Grand Rapids) was lumberjack here. Though only 15% cleared, cty. leads Upper
Peninsula in farming.
0. MENOMINEE
Through RR. & bus conns. Menominee Cty. Airport, NW. limits. Interstate Bridge
to Marinette, Wis. Ann Arbor KR. Car & Auto Ferry to Frankfort. Hotel, tourist
accoms., cabins. Facils. for f., k, pic., camp., swim., boat., riding, & winter sports.
Smelt Carnival (Ap.); Yacht Race (July). Info.: C. of C. First Nat Bank Bldg.;
St. Hy. Info. Lodge at bridge.
Power dams on Menominee R. (canoe trl.bass & walleyes) & dredged harbor on
Green Bay make Menominee important industrial city, with f., cheese making, &
shipping of Christmas trees & other wood & paper products in the lead. Thousands
of deer hunters arrive in fall. Father Allouez (see) set up mission here, 1669, but
trading post was not est. until 1797. Lumber era began with 1st steam sawmill, 1836,
& Menominee became largest lumber-shipping port (1839-1910), filled with "saw-
mills, sawdust & saloons/* Yacht Basin (free). Menes Pk* (pic.bath.). Jordan College
(Cath.), on 100-a. campus. J. with St.35.
SIDE TRIP: St.35 is scenic hy. along Green Bay (camp sites). 16m Menomlnee Cty.
Mem. Pk. (camp), near Airport. 20*a J. W. Wells St. Pk. (piagroup camp.bath.).
21. STEPHENSON. J. with St352, which runs (W) to Menominee R. Game Area
(in.). 42. POWERS. Pinecrest Sanitarium (tuberculosis). US41 unites with US2.
64. ESCANABA, 72.5. GLADSTONE. 79.5. RAPED RIVER (see US2 for this sea).
US41 strikes (N) through fors. & swamplands. 116.5. SKANBIA. J. with Rd.
SIDE TRIP: On Rd. (W) & (S) llm to Gwinn, model village in Escanaba R. St. Game
Area; many Ls. & fast-running Rs. large private estates & cabin colonies; deeryards
(guides). Camera country.
126.5. J. with St.28 (see), with which US41 unites (N).
131. MARQUETTE
Through RR. & bus conns. Marquette Cry. Airport, 8m (W). Hotels, tourist rooms &
cabins; tourist & St pks. in vie. Facils. for f., h^ swim,, boat, golf & winter
sports. Guides. Speedboat Races (July 4); Cty. Fair (Aug.). Info.: C. of C.; Upper
Peninsula Development Bureau.
High among granite cliffs, the Upper Peninsula metropolis looks down on fine
natural harbor picked out by Lighth. Pt, Presque Isle Pt & Picnic Rocks; seat of
Mich.*s largest cty., industrial center, college town, & summer & winter sports hqs.
Pere Marquette landed here in late 17th cent., & earliest Fr. maps show "Riviere
des Morts," still the Dead R. although full of rapids. Settlement began as shipping
pt for Marquette lodes, discovered by white men in l&SO's. Ore was carried in-
land by sleigh & mulecart over plank Rds., & freight was shipped by sail & por-
taged around falls until canal was opened (1855). Following peak in 1916, mines
gradually became inactive, but various industries expanded, & city's great ore
docks are busy. PTS. OF INT.: (1) Presque Isle & Kaye Ave., Northern Midi. Col-
lege of Education (est 1899) has wooded campus on L.; cooperates with Univ. of
Mich, in Grad. Sch. Peter White Science HalL Adm. Bldg. John D. Fierce Training
Sen. (2) Presque Me Pk* (swim.recr.facils.pic.zoo) on rocky peninsula. Granite Pt.
550 US 41 MICHIGAN
(NW), view over "pathless woods & lonely shore." (3) Ridge & S. Front Sts., Peter
White Pub. Lib. (1904.Ren.), gift of leading figure in mining boom. Cty. Hist. Soc.
Mus. & Lib. (O.appL). (4) Lakeside Pk., Father Marquette Mon. (1897.by Gaetano
Trentanove); bronze figure on granite crag. (5) Bluff & N. Front Sts., St. Peter's
Cathedral (1933.rebuilt 1936-37.mod.Romanes.by E.A.Schilling). Bishop Fred.
Baraga (see), 1st bishop of diocese (1857), is buried in crypt. (6) Ore Bocks. (7) State
H. of Correction & Branch Prison (Romanes.). (8) Superior Hills (winter sports). J.
with St.204.
SIDE TRIP: On St.204 (NW) 30m to Big Bay reg. around L. Independence (f.big game
huyr.-round hotel.cabins.store). Beyond (W) are Huron Mts., roadless area of granite
ridges & knobs; abundant wildlife.
Sec. 2: MARQUETTE to BARAGA. 74.
0. MARQUETTE. 12. NEGAUNEE (sett. 1846), underlain by mines of enormous
richness; sports center. First large iron ore bodies in N. Amer. were found at Jack-
son Hill, in 1844, by Houghton's surveying party. Jackson Mon., near site of dis-
covery. 15. ISHPEMING (sett. 1856), hqs. for leading iron companies. Nat. Ski
Assoc. meets held at Suicide Hill for more than 60 yrs. Mather Mine, one of world's
deepest. Tilden Mine, open pit. Barnes-Hecker Mine. Abandoned Ropes & Mich,
Gold Mines. 28. J. with St.95
SIDE TRIP: On St.95 (S) 7m to Republic, resort center on Michigamme R. (f.boatcamp.
canoe trl.); seat of old Republic Mine,
31. CHAMPION, former mining center. Van Riper Pk., on L. Michigamme (pic.
camp.bathh.dance pavilion.recr.facils.restaurants). Above L. (W) is St. Hy. Dept Pk.
(pic.tower). 39. MICHIGAMME, mining town & sports center. 59. ALBERTA,
all- white village built by Henry Ford around sawmill in midst of hardwoods. 69.
L'ANSE, center of resort area. Lac Vieux Desert Trl. (see US2) begins here.
US41 curves around Keweenaw Bay past Baraga St Pk. (f.camp.electric.stores).
74. BARAGA. In vie. (W) are cheese centers, notably Watton & Pelkie. Cranberry
bogs (N).
Sec. 3: BARAGA to COPPER HARBOR (Isle Royale). 77.
Keweenaw Peninsula tour. Through RR. & bus conns, in larger centers. Airports at
Baraga, Houghton, Laurium. Boats to Isle Royale from Copper Harbor; Great Ls.
cruises; deep-sea trolling. Hotels, resorts, pub. pks., pic. & camp sites.
Keweenaw Peninsula, the copper country, extends like a horn into L. Superior; cut
across by Portage L. & Portage Ship Canal. This highly scenic peninsula is settled
mainly by descendants of miners, lumbermen & adventurers. Ind. copper workings
are still visible. Nowhere else in world has massed copper been found in this pure
form. Mining began in 1844, & since then millions of tons have been unearthed.
2. ASSININS, founded by Father Baraga in 1843. Across bay was Meth. mission
of Rev. John PitezeL Baraga Mission, Ind. sch. & farm.
28. HOUGHTON & HANCOCK
Through RR. & bus conns. Airport. Good accoms. & all kinds of sports facils.
Tourist pk. Info.: C. of C.
Houghton, chief shipping pt & college town, was born of copper industry & became
political & financial center in early 1850's. Overlooking canal are bldgs. of Mich.
College of Mining & Technology, one of country's leading tech. schs. Engineering
Bidg.; Mus. College, founded by a few milling students, now has branch at Sault
Ste Marie (see). Hancock, larger of twin cities, is conn, with Houghton by only
bridge bet. 2 sees, of peninsula. Quincy Mine, oldest still-productive mine in St.,
was est. 1848 & became one of greatest on range. City was also lumber center. Al-
most every racial strain in Amer. is represented in pop.; large Finnish, Scand. &
Cornish groups. Louis Adamic has written much about reg. US41 leads uphill to
Quincy Mine Tourist View & Quincy Mine (surface plant O.); largest hoist in world.
J. with St203.
SIDE TRIP: On St203 (W) c.llm to F. J. McLain St. Pk. (piofacils.store), on L.
Superior.
39. LAURIUM (airport), residential community. St26 unites with US4L Adj. is
Calumet, home of Calumet & Hecla Mine (N.O.), once queen of copper mines. 47.
Active AHMEEK MINE. 57. PHOENIX. St.26 here becomes Sand Dunes Dr.
, MICHIGAN 551
SIDE TRIP: On St.26 (N) & (E) to Copper Harbor. 2m Eagle River. Douglass Hooghton
Mon., to young geologist who was drowned near spot in 1845. Eagle Harbor (camp
cabins). Agate Harbor. Blueberry & blackberry country. 24m Copper Harbor (see below)!
70. L. MEDORA (whitefish). On tableland above L. is Keweenaw Pk. (cottages.
clubh.& golf course.tower). Beyond is turn-out to Brockway Mt Dr. to West Bluff
(1,380'). 77. COPPER HARBOR (good accoms.airport.boats to Isle Royale), yr.-
round resort. 80. FT. WILK3NS ST. PK. (f.swim.picxamp.trlrs.store). Ft WilMns
(1844).
Isle Royale Nat Pk.
Boat Serv.: From Copper Harbor twice wkly. July 1-15; 3 times wkly. July 15-Sept
6; by arrangement in June. From Grand Marais & Grand Portage, Minn., twice
wkly. May 15-Nov. 15; & from Ft William & Port Arthur, Ont, beginning June 30,
Chartered airplane serv. Accoms.: Windigo Inn (July 1-Sept.l); Rock Harbor Lodge
(June 15-Sept.7.guest H. & cottages); camp sites. Cars stored at ports; no hys. in pk.
Registration & camp permits required. Guides, boats, tackle & supplies. Info.: Pk. Serv.
Hqs., Rock Harbor. Supt, Houghton, Mich.
This 134,000-a. wilderness lies close to Can. boundary, some 50 m (NW) from Mich,
mainland. Shorelines are cut by numerous coves & bays, largest of which is
Siskiwit Bay. O jib way did not cede Is. until 1842. Amer. Fur Co. est posts here in
1830's; & copper mining was carried on in late 19th cent. Prehist tribes had worked
the mines. The thin soil covers lava formation, & numerous peaks rise out of groves
of ash, maple & oak, cedar, balsam & pine. Flora is unusually varied. Moose,
coyote, mink, beaver <& snowshoe rabbits are common; but bear, deer, porcupine &
wolves either found Isle Royale unsuitable or never appeared there. PTS. OF INT.
(directions at hqs.): Mt Lookout Louise, highest pt; Mon. Rock, Mt Franklin
& Mt Ojibway. Old Lighth., used until 1858. Prehist Mine Workings. Moose
Wallows.
DETROIT
RR. stas.: 15th & Michigan Ave., Mich. Central; Fort St. & 3rd Ave., Union Depot;
foot of Brush St., Grand Trunk Depot. Washington Blvd. & Grand River Ave., Bus
Term. Airports: (W) c.25m on US212, Willow Run Airport; Conner & Gratiot Aves.,
City Airport; Seaplane Bases at Belle Isle & Grosse Pointe Pk. Great Ls. cruises; ex-
cursions to Cedar Pt & Put-in-Bay, O.; Bob Lo I., Tashmoo I. & other pts. Good
accoms.; recr. facils. Stage & motion picture theaters; dramatic, musical, & other
events at Music Hall, Art Institute, Wayne Univ., Rackham Bldg., Pub. Lib. Resorts,
st. pks. & recr. areas in vie. Info.: Opp. City HaE, Convention & Tourist Bureau; 139
Bagley Ave., Detroit Auto. Club; 320 W. Lafayette Ave., Board of Comm. Annual
Events: Mich. Exposition (Jan.), Horse Racing (May-Sept.), St Fair (Sept.), Mich.
Artists' Show (Nov.); Auto, Dog, Flower & trade shows in Convention Hall. How to
enter Canada: Detroit-Canada Tunnel (bus & auto), foot of Bates St.; Ambassador
Bridge (toll), Porter & 22nd Sts. Info. Detroit: Customs Dept, Griswold & Lamed Sts.;
Immigration Dept, 3770 E. Jefferson Ave. No passports required of residents of U.S.
or Canada, but identification, naturalization or proof-of-entry papers advised; car
(for 6 mos. duty free) & vacation equipment
Detroit, motor capital on world's busiest waterway, is 4th largest city in U.S., ranks
3rd as industrial center & 4th as exporting port. Metrop. area extends over 142-sq.
miles, & Windsor, across R. in Essex Cty., Ont, is also an automotive center.
Judge Augustus Woodward's city plan imitated L'Enfanfs Washington, but geo-
metric pattern covers orig. circular web. During phenomenal expansion in 20th
cent., Detroit sprang into the air but failed, at first, to expand horizontally. Result
is small & confusing downtown dist running a few blocks (N) from R. & (E) & (W) of
Woodward Ave. (US 10). A block (W) of Ave. is Washington Blvd. where better
shops, hotels & theaters cluster around Grand Circus Pk. Jefferson Ave. follows old
shoreline (E) to wealthy Grosse Pointe communities & (W) to downriver industrial
centers. The cities of Highland Park & Hamtramck (N) are completely surrounded
by Detroit
In absence of subway or elevated, traffic streams through congested sts. & over
magnificent hys. Another stream of traffic pours night & day from immense func-
tional factory bldgs. The nearly 3,000,000 residents of metrop. area (more than
half of St's pop,) depend mainly on automotive power for their livelihood. This
predominantly serious pop., from all parts of the world, gives aspect of grim automa-
552 DETROIT, MICHIGAN
tism to city life, especially noticeable in ever-present, slowly moving lines waiting
for buses. These same people give Detroit its tremendous, restless vitality. Of 20
sizable racial groups, the Polish is probably largest. Itals. form important element
with considerable cultural influence, as do descendants of early Fr., German, Irish
<& Brit settlers. Nearly 350,000 Negroes (1947) live in areas widely scattered from
orig. nucleus around Hastings St A few blocks (E) of City Hall are coffee shops of
Arabic-speaking community. Leading the world in manufacture of automobiles,
Detroit is also a growing steel center & ranks high in Pharmaceuticals, adding
machines, salt, varnishes, rubber goods & marine, aeronautical & television equip-
ment. Wayne Univ., Univ. of Detroit, Marygrove College, Symphony Orchestra,
Institute of Arts & other institutions give it increasing importance as cultural center.
Founded by Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac for Louis XIV, Detroit began as fur-
trading post, was taken by Brit, at close of Fr. & Ind. War & only relinquished
after Battle of Fallen Timbers (see Ohio). Fire destroyed the settlement in 1805.
During War of 1812, Detroit was again surrendered to Brit, by Terr. Gov. Wm. Hull
& held until Perry's victory on L. Erie. After Civil War, the city began to develop
industrially, & immigrants swarmed in from N.Y. & New England. Before the auto-
mobile, Detroit made RR. cars, carriages, & bicycles. With development of a
practical motor car, expansion was fantastically rapid, & civic problems correspond-
ingly more complex. With one of largest labor unions in the world, Detroit is im-
portant factor in nat political & economic affairs.
PTS. OF INT. INDUSTRIAL: (1) Automobile Plants: Ford Motor Co. (see Trip n
below). 1580 E. Grand Blvd., Packard Motor Car Co. (O). 12200 E. Jefferson Ave.,
Chrysler Corp. (usually O.); also Dodge, DeSoto & Plymouth Plants. Michigan &
Clark Ave., Cadillac Motor Car Co. (O.8-4). W. Warren & Livernois Aves., Lin-
coln Plant, of Ford Motor Co. (O.appL). (2) Other Plants (usually O.): 615 W.
Lafayette Ave., "Detroit News" (tours); radio & television studios. 6600 E. Jefferson
Ave., U.S. Rubber Co. 6900 E. Jefferson Ave., Detroit-Mich. Stove Co., 1 McDougall
Ave!, Parke-Davis Laboratories, world's largest producer of Pharmaceuticals. 6008-
75 Second Blvd., Burroughs Adding Machine Co. 2900 E. Grand Blvd., Jam Handy
Motion Picture Studios.
PTS OF INT. DOWNTOWN: (3) Woodward & Michigan Aves., Cadillac Sq., on
site of old City Hall & Market. On (W) side, City Hall (1871.Fr.Goth.by Jas.An-
derson). On (E) side, Wayne Cty. Bldg. (1895-1902.Ital.Ren.by John Scott); bronze
"Progress" groups above Corinthian portico by J. Massey Rhind. Opp. City Hall,
Soldiers' & Sailors 5 Mon. (by Randolph Rogers); (E) of Mon. Cadillac's Chair, of
age-darkened red sandstone, empty except for birds. (4) Woodward Ave. & Wood-
bridge St, Mariners' Cfa. (1849.Eng.Goth), 2nd oldest in city; & Mariners' Inn (O),
now Episc. City Mission Center. (5) Gratiot Ave., bet. Farmer & Library Sts.,
Downtown Lib. (1932.mod.Class.), on site of jail where Wayne tavernkeeper was
hanged for murder of his wife, last legal execution in St., as popular reaction made
Mich, the 1st St to abolish capital punishment (1847). (6) 350 Madison Ave.,
Music Hall, home of Symphony Orchestra developed by late Ossip Gabrilowitsch.
(7) Lafayette Blvd., 2 blocks (W) from Cad. Sq., Federal Bldg. (1934.mod.Class.);
plaque at Site of Ft Shelby. (8) Griswold & Fort Sts., Penobscot Bldg. (1928.by
Smith, Hinchman & Grylls), city's tallest tower (O.telescope). (9) W 
