American journal of conchology

HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

LIBRARY

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

41 Tt

PON te

AMERICAN

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

VoL USLEH Vv.

PUBLISHED BY THE

Conchological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE:
GEO. W. TRYON, Jr., Epiror.
S. R. ROBERTS.
EDW. J. NOLAN, M.D.

Peels Aw Doe oP eeeAG:

Published by
Tur ConcHoLogicat Section or THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
N. W. cor. of Broad and Sansom Streets.
NEW YORK: LONDON:
B, Westermann & Co., No. 440 Broadway. Trubner & Co., No. 60 Paternoster Row.

BERLIN:
Asher & Co., No. 20 Unter d. Linden Str,

1870.

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Part 1 published July 6, 1869.
an Oct. 7, 1869.
Poe aby eel“ Feb. 3, 1870.
Jee May 5, 1870.

10:

CON THEN TS:

Part 1—Juty 6, 1869.
Page.

. Record of Meetings, ; : 2 J* Slt
. Descriptions of some Secondary Fedele vom the Pa-

cific States, by Wm. M. Gabb,_.. ; : et

. Notes on the Genera Alaria, Diarthema, Dicroloma,

&c., being a Supplement to “An Attempt at a Re-
vision of the Strombidz and Aporrhaide, by Wm.

M. Gabb, . ‘ 19
. Description of a new Helix fom Utah, i Wun. M.

Gabb, . : : ‘ : : . 24
. Descriptions of new Species of Shnth h edeeibatl Fos-

sils, No. 1 Tertiary, by Wm. M. Gabb, : . 25
. Observations on Melantho, by James Lewis, M.D., . 38

. On Lingual Dentition studied by the Microscope and

etenvenn Se by Wm. G. Binney. With note by

Thos. Bland, : : : : : : 37
Descriptions of Miocene, Eocene, and Grermeeoae
Shells, by T. A. Conrad, ‘ ; : , A piee,

. Observations on the Genus Astarte, with Descriptions

of Three other Genera of Crassatellide, by T. A.

Conrad, : 46
Notices and Reviews of New Caubholozital Works by
George W. Tryon, Jr., : A ‘ : 49

I. Amertcan.—Geological Survey of Illinois, by Meek and
Worthen. Annals of the New York Lyceum.

IJ. Forrren.—English—Annals and Magazine of Natural
History. Proceedings of the Zoological Society. Con-
chologia Iconica.

French—Revue et Magazin de Zoologie. Journal de
Conchyliologie.

German.—Pfeiffer’s Monographia Heliceorum Viventium.
Martini & Chemnitz’s Conchylien-Cabinet. Romer’s
Monographie der Gattung Venus, etc.

lV CONTENTS.

Part 2—OcrtToBer 7, 1869.

Page.

1. Record of Meetings, ‘
2. Descriptions of New Species of Marine Ge oaeates
inhabiting Polynesia, by Wm. Harper Pease,

3. Remarks on Marine Gasteropode inhabiting the West
Coast of America; with Descriptions of Two New
Species, by Wm. Harper Pease, '

4. Corrections and Additions to ‘‘ Synonymy of Nain
Gasteropode inhabiting Polynesia,’ by Wm. Har-
per Pease, ; :

5. Notes upon the Monogr apt of the seis Misting le in
Reeve’s Senchnidsia Iconica, by John H. Redfield,

6. Descriptions of New Fossil Mollusca, Pe Cre-
taceous, by T. A. Conrad,

7. Notes on Recent Mollusca, by T. A. pet

8. Descriptions of New Species of Terrestrial Mollusca
from the Andaman Islands, Indian Archipelago, by
George W. Tryon, Jr., :

9. Notices and Reviews of New Coneholeseal Wonka by
George W. Tryon, Jr.,

I,.American.—Proceedings of Portland Nat. His. Society.
Lea’s Observations on the Genus Unio.

II. Foreren.—British.—Zoological Record.

Frrench.—Revue et Magazin de Zoologie. Journal de
Conchyliologie. Actes de la Societie Linneenne de Bor-
deaux. Nouvelles Miscellanies Malacologiques, by M.
Paladilhe.

German.—Verhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-botan-
ischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Archiv fur Naturges-
chichte.

APPENDIX.

10. Catalogue of the Recent Species of the Family Corbi-
culadz, by Temple Prime,

|

61

64

80

85

88

CONTENTS. Vv

Part 8—FEBRUARY 3, 1870.

Page.
1. Record of Meetings, . : Be

2. On the Pterocerz of Lamarck, sind der Mutual Rela-
tions, by Theodore Gill, M. D., : » 120

3. Materials for a Monograph of ‘ne Baty Teper
by Wm. H. Dall, ‘ . 140

4. On the Land and Fresh- Water Motihieds of Nicarapne
by Ralph Tate, . : . 151

5. Descriptions of New Species of Mavitte oltiacn by
Wesley Newcomb, M.D., . 163

6. Description of a New stare Hels, ie Wesley
Newcomb, M.D., d . 165

7. Catalogue of the Shells of the Coda fever. atpalan
by James Lewis, M.D., : : . 166

8. Descriptions of New pia’ of Marine Bivalea Mol-
lusca, in the Collection of the Academy of Natural

, Sciences, by George W. Tryon, Jr., _.. . 170
9. Notices and Reviews of New Conchological Works, by
George W. Tryon, Jr., ; ; é : . 178

I, Amertcan.—Binney’s Pulmonata of North America.

II. Forricn.—British.—Reports of the British Assoc. for the
Advancement of Science, Annals and Magazine of
Natural History. Jeffreys’ British Conchology. Wood-
ward’s Manual of the Mollusca. Conchologia Iconica.

French.—Cat. des Mollusques des Mers d’Europe, par Pe-
tit de la Saussaye. Faune Malacologique de Belgique,
par F. de Malzine. Journal de Conchyliologie.

German.—Malakozoologische Blatter. Pfeiffer's Mono-
graphia Heliceorum Viventium. Novitates Concholo-
gice.

APPENDIX.

10. Catalogue of the Families Porcellanide and Bere a
raside, by 8. R. Roberts, . é : . 189

Vi

CONTENTS.

Part 4—Aprit, 1870.
Page.

- Record of Meetings, : : . 198
. On a New California Helicoid tere Shell, by J. G.

Cooper, M.D., * ; ; . 196

. Descriptions of Three New ners of Shells, - John

Wolf, . ; : : . 198

. Notes on West ner eer Shells, Mo: PEM egy ee Gc

Cooper, M.D., . 199

. Notices and Revers of Nee Goagholosioal a ons, by

George W. Tryon, Jr., ‘ ; ' . 220

I. American.—Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History.
Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History,
October, 1869. Canadian Naturalist. Index to Vol.
XII. Observations on Genus Unio, by Isaae Lea.

II. Forrren.— English.—Proceedings of the Zoological So-
ciety of London. Conchologia Iconica. Memoirs of
the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester.

French.—Journal de Conchyliologie. Bulletin de l’Acade-.
mie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersburg. Revue
et Magazin de Zoologie.

Italian.—Bulletino Malacologico Italiano (Terrestrial and
Fluviatile Mollusca).

German.—Fauna der Land und Susswasser Mollusken
Seibenburgens. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte. Novitates
Conchologice.

LIST OF AUTHORS

AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS.

Binney, W. G. On Lingual Dentition, studied by the Mi-

croscope and Photography, 3T
Conrad, T. A. Descriptions of Miocene, Eocene, and Cre-
taceous Shells, d 39
Observations on the Genus sntertee ao: desurrpueee
of three other Genera of Crassatellide, 46
Descriptions of new Fossil Mollusca, principally Cre-
taceous, 96
Notes on Recent Mince . 104
Cooper, J. G. On a new Californian Helicoid Land Shell, 196
Notes on West Coast Land Shells, No. 2, - es
Dall, W. H. Materials for a Monograph of the Family
Lepetidee, : : ; : F . 140
Gabb, W. M. Descriptions of some secondary Fossils
from the Pacific States, ; Lere
Notes on the Genera Alaria, Degen Towler
&c.; being a supplement to “An Attempt at a Re-
vision of the Strombide and Aporrhaide, 19
Description of a new Helix from Utah, 24
Descriptions of new species of South American Fossils, 25
Gill, T. On the Pterocerze of Lamarck and their mutual
relations, . 120

Vill LIST OF AUTHORS.

Lewis, James. Observations on Melantho, . oe
Catalogue of the Shells of the Coosa River, Alabama, 166
Newcomb, Wesley. ; al of new species of Marine
Mollusca, AOS
Description of a new Eiirericwn ‘Helix, | 260
Pease, W. Harper. Descriptions of new species of Marine
Gasteropode inhabiting Polynesia, . 64
Remarks on Marine Gasteropode inhabiting the West
Coast of America, with descriptions of two new
species, oe
Corrections and Satinons to ene of Maxie
Gasteropode inhabiting Polynesia, 85
Prime, Temple. Catalogue of the recent species of the
Family Corbiculade, 127
Redfield, J. H. Notes upon the Monograph of the Genus
Marginella, in Reeve’s Conchologia Iconica, 88
Roberts, S. R. Catalogue of the Families Porcellanide
and Amphiperaside, : 5 : ; . 189
Tate, Ralph. On the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of
Nicaragua, . i : : : . 151
Tryon, George W., Jr. Notices and Reviews of New Con-
chological Works, ; x : 49, 112, 173, 221
Descriptions of new species of Terrestrial Mollusca
from the Andaman Islands, Indian Archipelago, . 109
Description of new species of Marine Bivalve Mol-
lusca in the collection of the Academy of Natural
Sciences, » 70
Wolf, John. Descriptions of three new species of Shells, 198

% 0?

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RELIES COM 2a OnOG .
Volume V. (completing the work.)

By JOHN GWYN JEFFREYS, F. R. S., Ere.

Each volume bas a colored frontispiece and eight plates to illustrate the

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the species and principal varieties of the shells, being altogether 147 plates.
—Ss eS See fue fal = = fe aS. | CA AR, ~-~"5red. The

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TS.

Hibrary of the Museum

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OF

‘COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,

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f the pur-
AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS,

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CTORS.

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FOR SALE, a very large collection of BOOKS relating to Conchology ;
also several thousand named species of SHELLS.

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prices. For particulars, address

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JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

INE Wi See eS

PUBLISHED BY THE

CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

Vou. V: 1869-70. Part 1.

Meeting January Tth, 1869.
Eight members present.
Dr. W. S. W. RuscHENBeRGER, Director, in the Chair.

Various donations to the Museum and Library were reported.

The following papers were offered for publication :

“Notes on the genera. Alaria, Diarthema, Dicroloma, etc.,
being a supplement to an attempt ata revision of the Strom-
bide and Aporrhaide.’”’ By Wm. M. Gabb.

“ Description of a new Helix from Utah.”” By Wm. M. Gabb.

“‘ Descriptions of new species of South American Fossils, No.
1, Tertiary.” By Wm. M.-Gabb.

A letter was read from Dr. Wesley Newcomb, stating that he
had dredged one living specimen of Lingula albida, Sowb., at
Monterey, Cal., which is far north of the hitherto ascertained
northern limit of the species.

A note from Dr. Lea was also read, in which that gentleman
asserted the priority of his name Paludina bimonilifera over
Mr. Conrad’s name, P. magnifica, applied to the same species.
The subject was referred to a committee.

2 AMERICAN JOURNAL

On motion of Dr. E. R. Beadle, the following resolution was
unanimously adopted :

Whereas, Prof. Wm. M. Gabb has, with great liberality, pre-
sented his entire private collection of Mollusca to the Concholo-
gical Section, thus greatly enriching and enlarging our collection,
principally by the addition of a splendid series of authentically
named specimens of nearly all the species inhabiting the Pacific
States of the Union; Therefore, be it :

Resolved, that the Recorder be directed to convey to Prof.
Gabb the thanks of this Section for his valuable donation.

Meeting February 4th, 1869.

Dr. RuscHENBERGER, Director, in the Chair.

Donations to the Library were announced.

The following paper was offered for publication and referred.
to a Committee:

‘‘ Observations on Melantho.”” By Dr. James Lewis.

The following resolutions were adopted:

Whereas, Messrs. Parker, Roberts, Ford and Hassler have
volunteered their services to arrange the shell collection of the
Academy of Natural Sciences: therefore be it

Resolved, that they be constituted a Committee for that
purpose.

Resolved, that this Committee be authorized to enter into
correspondence with Scientific Societies, Public Museums and
individuals, with a view to obtain by donation, exchange, or
purchase, such species as may be required to complete our col-
lection in those Families or Genera of which Catalogues have
been, or may hereafter be published by the Section, provided
that no purchases be made at the expense of the Treasury of
the Section.

Resolved, that the Committee be authorized to sell duplicate
specimens, and apply the funds thus accruing to their pur-
chases.

Meeting March 4th, 1869.
Ten members present.
Dr. RUSCHENBERGER, Director, in the Chair.

Donations to the Museum and Library were announced.

The following papers were presented for publication and
referred to Committees:

“Catalogue of the Family Corbiculadex.’’ By Temple Prime.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 3

On Lingual Dentition, studied by the Microscope and Pho-
tography.” By Wm. G. Binney and Thomas Bland.

“ Descriptions of Miocene, Eocene, and Cretaceous Fossils.”
By T. A. Conrad.

“‘ Qbservations on the Genus Astarte, with Descriptions of
two other Genera of Astartide.”’ By T. A. Conrad.

“Notices and Reviews of New Conchological Works.” By
Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.

Mr, Tryon, on behalf of a Committee appointed at the Janu-
ary Meeting, read the following report :

- Haut or tan Acapemy, February 9th, 1869.

The Committee appointed to ascertain and report to the Con-
chological Section whether Dr. Lea’s Paludina bimonilifera
has priority, as asserted by him, over Mr. Conrad’s P. magnifica,
respectfully repert:

That Dr. Lea’s species was included in a paper read by him
before the American Philosophical Society, March 16th, 1832,
and published in the “ Transactions”’ of that Society, the title
page of the completed volume bearing date 1837. But the
volumes of the Philosephical Transactions were issued in Parts,
with ne internal evidence of the date of publication of each; nor
do the records of the Society furnish these dates.

Dr. Lea claims, and Mr. Conrad has allowed, that the printed
date of the species contained in the paper in question, is 1834,
and by reference to the Minute-Book of the Academy of Natural
Sciences, your Committee find that one of Dr. Lea’s extra
copies of his paper, under the title “‘ Observations on the Genus
Unio, ete.,”” was presented by the author to the Academy Sept.
16th, 1834.

Mr. Conrad’s Paludina magnifica was first published by him
in a small work entitled “New Fresh Water Shells of the United
States,” Philadelphia, 1834; and the editor of Silliman’s Amer-
ican Journal of Science acknowledges receipt of a copy of this
work in the No. of that Journal issued July Ist, 18384.

There is, consequently, ne doubt of the priority of Mr. Con-

rad’s species in printed publication. But Dr. Lea claims priority
for his date of reading, asserting that at the early period referred
to, Societies published infrequently, and in order to secure to
an author the fruits of his labors, by almost universal consent,
the date of reading was adopted as date of publication. Sub-
sequently, as science became more active and larger numbers
of persons became interested in it, this plan was found to be in-
convenient, and a more rapid diffusion of discoveries was obtained
by the issue by the principal scientific bodies, at frequent inter-
vals, of cheap publications entitled “« Proceedings.”” Thus small

4 AMERICAN JOURNAL

papers entire, together with abstracts of larger ones, could be
published so rapidly that giving the date of reading became
superfluous, and it has gradually fallen into disuse—as it
ought todo. +
Your Committee find, upon examination, that all the prin-
cipal Natural History Societies in the world gave “date of
reading ’’ to the memoirs published by them until some years
after the period in dispute, (about 1845), and a few of these
societies still give this date in their quarto publications, though
not in their proceedings in octavo. The Academy of Natural
Sciences commenced publishing its Proceedings in 1841, and’
discontinued its 8 vo. Journal in 1842. The last two volumes of
this Journal contain numerous papers by Mr. Conrad and others,
the date of reading being generally given even to his papers.
Your Committee recommend, in view of these facts, that

priority be awarded to Dr. Lea’s species in the proposed new
publication of the Conchological Section, inasmuch as the date
of reading at the period in question was the almost universal
rule for determining priority in publication, and we cannot en-
dorse an ex poste facto law; but we cannot refrain from express-
ing a hope that the time is not far distant when the date of
printed publication sonly shall be universally acknowledged in
determining claims of priority.

Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.,)

W. M. Gass, Committee.

E. R. BEADLE, f

Mr. S. R. Roberts reported the oceurrence of Spherium sul-
catum near San Antonio, Cal.

Mr. Tryon, referring to Heliz cultellata, Thomson, remarked
that it was certainly of European type, and he believed it had
been introduced into California by European emigrants, as sur-
mised by Mr. Thompson in a recent letter to a member of this
Section.

laa OF CONCHOLOGY. 5

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME SECONDARY FOSSILS FROM
THE PACIFIC STATES.

BY W. M. GABB.

Since the publication of the first volume of the Paleontology
of California, a few undescribed species of Jurassic and Triassic
fossils have been accumulated in the office of the Geological
Survey; and the explorations of the Commission have developed
the fact of the existence of these rocks over an extensive area
in the States of California and Nevada. A large proportion of
the stratified rocks of the western slope of the Sierra Nevada
appear referable to Jurassic formation, while at least one small
tract in Nevada yields fossils of this age in a reasonably good
state of preservation.

From the paucity of species, and none being referable to
described forms, we were unable, at the time of publication, to
do more than designate the great group of the Mesozoic era to
which they belonged. The discovery of two Ammonites, closely
allied to known European species, together with other character-
istic forms, lead us now to believe that all of the at present
known Jurassic rocks of the Sierra and its vicinity belong to the
Lias. The only known locality of these rocks in Nevada is the
now deserted mining district of Volcano, about thirty miles
south-east of Walker’s Lake. The spot has never been visited
by a geologist, and all we know of it is derived from the meagre
and unsatisfactory accounts of uninstructed collectors who, while
searching for mines, picked up the fossils incidentally on account
of their beauty and novelty. I made two attempts to reach the
spot in the fall of 1867, but was both times baffled; first by
incorrect information, and again by the exhausted condition of
my horses, worn out by several months travel in the inhospitable
deserts of Southern Nevada. All of the collections that have
been brought in from this locality contain an admixture of
neatly equal proportions of Jurassic and Triassic fossils. One
of the commonest of the latter is Ammonites Ausseanus, while of

6 AMERICAN JOURNAL

the former, Pecten acutiplicatus, Meek, is by no means rare.
In most cases, by carefully studying the lithological characters
of recognized forms of the two formations, the new species can
be assigned without difficulty to their proper group, though in
some instances I am still in doubt.

The present paper is intended to be merely preliminary, it
being the purpose of Prof. Whitney, in case of a resumption of
the labors of the California Survey, to publish fuller descriptions,
illustrated by proper figures of each species.

In addition to the descriptions, I have added a few notes on .
previously known forms, in amplification or correction of the
original descriptions.

ORTHOCERAS, Brug.
QO. BLAKEI, Gabb.—Pal. Cal., vol. I., p. 19, pl. 3, fig. 1.

This species is quite abundant at all of the Triassic localities
of Nevada. <A fragment before us, showing the remains of two
chambers, has a diameter of 2-3 inches. Its entire absence of
all ornament renders it very difficult to describe in such a way
as to distinguish it from allied species. It is not unlike 0.
dubium of San Cassian, but it seems to be distinguished from
that species by the septa being more closely placed, in the
specimen just mentioned, the distance between each pair of the
three septal margins being ‘8 inch respectively. The septa also
appear to be somewhat more concave in the present than in the
European species.

AMMONITES, Brug.
A. Nevapanvs, Gabb.—PI. 3, fig. 1, la.

Shell large, discoidal, compressed, wany whorled; whorls in-
creasing very gradually i in size, sections quadrate, with slightly
convex sides ; ; dorsum tricarinate, the middle carina the highest ;
whorls in contact by their dorsal and ventral faces only. Sur-
face marked by numerous, equal transverse ribs, separated by
interspaces of about equal size; on the dorso-lateral margin,
each rib bears a more or less distinct, small tubercle, after which
the rib bends suddenly forward and merges into the dorsal carina
of that side. Septum composed of a dorsal, a ventral, and a
single lateral lobe on each side. ‘he dorsal and lateral lobes
are all broad, with the sides nearly parallel, and are divided at
the ends for about a third of their length, into two branches ;
the corresponding saddles are simple and bifur cate; the ventral
lobe is unknown.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 7

Dimensions.—Diameter of the largest specimen, with eight vo-
lutions, 6°5 inches; section of outer whorl, vertical diameter, 1-2
in., transverse diam., ‘9 in. The inner volutions have the two
diameters about equal.

Locality.—Two specimens from Volcano. Jurassic. Col-
lected by Mr. Clayton.

A very remarkable peculiarity of one of the specimens before
me is represented on plate 16, Journal of Conch., 1868. The
figure of the end of a broken whorl shows the position of the
siphuncle to be in one of the lateral carinz, the whole septum
being carried over with it. The ventral lobe is obliquely oppo-
site, on the angle of the umbilicus, and the lateral lobes are
equally misplaced. The lateral lobe of one side is much larger
than the other, and is much better developed, and the dorsal
saddle of that side is nearly twice as wide as the corresponding
opposite saddle. The line d@ represents the position of the
median Jine of the dorsum; s, the position of the siphuncle, and
u uw the umbilical angles. This is, in all probability, only an
individual distortion, but I am unfortunately unable, with the
material in my possession, to prove my opinion.

As compared with known species, the present one differs from
A. bisuleatus, Brug., in having the whorls higher than wide,
while in that shell the reverse is the case; in Nevadanus the
dorsal grooves occupy nearly the whole dorsum; in disulcatus
they take up less than a third of the surface, and in the latter
species the dorsal ribs are much more prominent.

A. bisuleatus has a trifurcate superior lateral lobe, while in
Nevadanus it is bifurcate.

A. Bonardi, d’Orb., has more numerous whorls, the ribs are
curved and the whorls are proportionally narrower ; it also has
nearly the same style of septum as A. bisulcatus, but the dorsal
saddle is tribolate. It differs from A. Conybeari, Sby., in the
whorls being less numerous and wider, the dorsum flatter, and
in the ribs being more distinctly bent as they approach the dor-
sal margin. Conybeari has lobes wide above, and narrow below,
and the dorsal saddle is tribolate.

A. COLFAXII, Gabb.—PI. 4, fig. 2.

Shell many whorled, flat, discoidal, whorls rounded on the
sides and dorsum, emarginated on the ventral face, increasing
very gradually in size. Surface ornamented by prominent
radiating ribs with broad concave interspaces; these ribs start
at the umbilical margin and cross the sides, straight or slightly
sinuous, and apparently become obsolete on the dorsum. Sep-
tum; dorsal lobe unknown; dorsal saddle broad and deeply

8 AMERICAN JOURNAL

bilobate; superior lateral lobe long, narrow and _ irregularly
divided at the end into two branches, the lower of which is again
divided ; above these branches it has three unequal spurs on
each side: lateral saddle divided into two branches ; below these
are four small lobes, much smaller than the superior lateral, but
with apparently the same general structure.

Dimensions of a very much distorted specimen with eight
whorls.—Diameter, 4°5 in., true diameter perhaps about 8:°5-4
in.; height of body whorl, -9 in.

Localities.—From the Jurassic (Liassic ?) slates of the west
slope of the Sierra Nevada. One specimen from the cut of the
Pacific Rail Road, ‘Station 2777, Sect. 53, one mile west of
the town of Colfax ;” another, very compressed, but recog-
nizable both from its style of volutions and remains of septum,
from Robinson’s Ferry, on the Stanislaus River, given us by
Mr. Pomier.

Both these specimens are much injured by distortion, and the
septum can be traced only with great difficulty. The dorsal
lobe is entirely obliterated, and the portion of the septum from
the inferior lateral to the umbilical suture is so imperfectly
preserved that I can only,obtain it approximately. It is figured
in Jour. Conch. 1868, Pl. 16, the upper of the two septa. The
matrix is, in both cases, partially metamorphosed, and in the Colfax
specimen the shell lies at right angles to the stratification of
the rock, to which fortunate circumstance we are indebted for
not having it pressed perfectly flat. In the other case, the shell
lying parallel with the slate, it is mashed down to less than a
tenth of an inch in thickness, and every rib is obliterated.

The present species is most closely allied to A. solaris, Phil.,
of the Lias, but it has more numerous whorls; solaris is slightly
carinated, and the whorls seem to have been higher and nar-
rower. So far as we can decide from the material known, A.
Colfaxit is rounded on the back. It has more lobes than solarvs,
though of the same general style. The superior lateral in the
latter species is more distinctly trifurcate.

A. BILLINGSIANUS, Gabb.—PI. 5, fig. 3,
Paleontology of Cal., vol. 1, p. 27, pl. 5, fig. 20.

- When I described this species I could obtain but a very in-
distinct trace of the septum. Since then I have had the good
fortune of finding a specimen showing the septum with unusual
clearness. It consists of a dorsal, two lateral, and three small
supplementary lobes. The dorsal lobe is narrow, bifureate for
more than half its length, each branch consisting of a simple

bas

OF CONCHOLOGY. 9

long point, bearing a double spur on the outer side; no lateral
branches or spurs above. Dorsal saddle rounded, entire ; supe-
rior lateral lobe simple above, bifurcate below, the branches
unequal, the upper bearing a large spur on the outer side.
Lateral saddle narrower than the dorsal and, like all the others,
simple and rounded. Inferior lateral lobe of the same general
pattern as the superior, but more slender, and the spur on the
upper side more strongly developed. Beyond this are one large
saddle and three small, spur-like lobes; the first and second
placed obliquely to each other, the last, inside of the umbilical
angle, being on the same level with its next neighbor.

TURBO.
? T. reatus, Gabb.—PIl. 5, fig. 4.

Shell large, massive, low-turreted, height and width about
equal; whorls about six, flattened or slightly sloping on top,
sides flattened, base slightly convex. Surface ornamented by
large blunt tubercles on the upper angle, about ten to a volution,
and by smaller ones, nearly obsolete on the lower angle ; besides
these the whole surface is covered by minute, slightly elevated
revolving lines. Aperture subquadrate, inner lip slightly en-
crusted.

Length and width of body whorl, each, 2°4 in.; length of aper-
ture 1:0 in.

Locality.—V oleano, Nevada, associated with Ammonites Neva-

‘danus. Found by Mr. Clayton.

The single specimen, on which I describe this species, is in a
pretty fair state of preservation; showing the form and surface
markings perfectly, but is somewhat broken about the outer side
of the mouth. Enough however remains to show that, if not a
true TZ'urbo, it is as closely related to that genus as are any of
the so-called Zurbos of the Jurassic formation.

? T. ELEvATUS, Gabb.—PI. 3, fig. 5.

Shell elongate, conical, spire elevated; whorls six or seven,
sides converging, top slightly truncated and bearing numerous,
regular, small tubercles or nodes, about 20 to a volution, which
form a beaded rim, projecting a little laterally ; body whorl flat-
tened and converging on the sides, angulated below, base slightly
convex and with small nodes on the lower, as well as upper angle.
Aperture sub-elliptical, acute above.

Length 1°5 in., width of body whorl 85 in., length of aper-
ture ‘605 in.

Found by Mr. Clayton, with the preceding.

10 AMERICAN JOURNAL

While this shell is entirely different in shape from the pre-
ceding, it agrees with it in the general style of ornament. Both
have Batcened whorls, truncated above and angulated below, and
both have heavy tubercles on the upper, and fainter ones on the
lower angle. ‘They can be at once distinguished, however, even
as internal casts, by their marked dissimilarity of outline. The
present shell is slender, and the spire is unusually elevated ; the
apical angle being about 37°, while the other bas an angle of
about 70° to 80°. In the present species I can detcet no trace
of revolving lines, though the surface of the specimen is in a
nearly perfect condition, showing minute lines of growth dis-
tinctly.

PHOLADOMYA, Sby.
P. MULTILINEATA, Gabb.—Pl. 5, fig. 6.

Shell long, gibbous, beaks very prominent and placed about a
fourth of the length from the anterior end, which’ is prominently
rounded in the middle; base deep, nearly semicircular ; posterior
end produced in the middle, retreating above and below; cardinal
margin nearly straight, posterior to the umbonal slope. Surface
marked by about thirty small, irregular, radiating ribs, less dis-

tinct at the two ends.

Length 2-4 in., width 1-9 in., diameter 1:1 in.

Found at the same locality as the preceding by Dr. A.
Blatchley.

This species is not unlike P. elongata, Miinst., of the Neoco-
mien, but is deeper from beak to base, is shorter and has more
numerous ribs, though of the same general character.

P. Nevapana, Gabb.—PI. 5, fig. 7.

Shell small, very convex; beaks anterior, strongly incurved,
umbones broadly rounded ; anterior end sloping outwards, nearly
straight above, convex in the middle, retreating below; base
nearly straight posteriorly, most prominent directly under the
beaks and curving upwards rapidly in advance; posterior end
pretty regularly rounded; cardinal margin nearly straight. Sur-
face ornamented by eight or ten small, but distinctly marked,
radiating ribs, most prominent on the middle, fainter posteriorly,
and entirely wanting on the anterior one-fourth; these are
erossed by irregular lines of growth, covering the whole surface.

Length 1°8 in., width 1:3 in., diameter of both valves 1-2 in.

Locality—Volcano, Nevada. Mr. J. E. Clayton.

Most nearly allied to P. Hausmanni, Goldf., of the German
Lias, but is smaller, has more ribs, and is narrower posteriorly.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 11

GONIOMY A, Agass.
G. APERTA, Gabb.—PI. 6, fig. 8.

Shell very thin, subcompressed, gaping posteriorly; beaks
small, prominent and placed about two-fifths of the length from
the anterior end; cardinal margin rapidly sloping, with a slight
convexity in advance, posteriorly concave at first, and running
out nearly straight to the posterior end; anterior end narrowly
rounded and prominent; posterior subangulated, being obliquely
truncated above and below and produced in the middle; base
broadly convex. Surface ornamented by numerous concentric
ribs, broadly angulated, the angle being a little posterior to the
beaks. These ribs are very uniform in size and, commencing at
the anterior end, are coincident with the lines of the growth for
about a third of their length, they then bend towards the base
very slightly, become somewhat undulated and, when nearly
one-third of the length from the posterior end, bend up somewhat
abruptly, gradually resuming the direction of the strize of growth,
and finally disappear near the cardinal margin.

Length 2-4 in., width 1-4 in., diameter of the valves -9 in.
Locality.—With the preceding. Mr. Clayton.

This shell is more evenly ribbed, and the angle of the ribs is
wider than in any other species with which I am acquainted.

MYACITEKS, Minst.
M. pepressus, Meek.

Myacites depressus, Meck, Pal. Cal., vol. I, p. 51, pl. 8, fig.
6, 6 a.
A single specimen of this shell was found by Mr. Clayton at
Volcano.

CARDIUM, Linn.
C. ARCEFORMIS, Gabb.—PI. 3, fig. 9.

Shell of moderate size, very thick, convex, oblique, longer
than wide; beaks prominent, strongly incurved, in some cases
almost in contact, placed about a third of the length from the
anterior end, which is regularly rounded ; posterior end variable,
rounded or obliquely truncated; base pretty regularly and broadly
convex. Surface ornamented by about 18 to 20 large convex,
radiating ribs with interspaces of about equal size, all crossed by
fine but distinct lines of growth. From 11 to 12 of these ribs
occupy the anterior and lateral portions of the surface; the re-
mainder, on the posterior face, are always smaller and, in some

12 AMERICAN JOURNAL

cases, especially on old shells, are entirely obsolete. The inter-
nal margin is crenulated by a series of large teeth corresponding
with the external ribs; anterior muscular scar enormously deep,
posterior not discernible on the internal casts.

Measurements of two specimens:

Length, 1:05 in., width from beak to base, -85 in., diameter
of two valves, 9 in.

Length, -95 in., width from beak to base, ‘83 in., diameter
of two valves, ‘75 in.

From the Jurassic of Voleano. I have also received a speci-
men labelled ‘‘ Uniontown, 40 miles south-west of Austin, Reese
River, in the Union District.” This is a deserted mining camp,
about ten miles south of Ione. I found no fossils in this range,
nor could I learn, while on the spot, that any had ever been
discovered there. It is very probable that the shell was taken
there from the Volcano District.

The present species is unlike any Cardium with which I am
acquainted. At first sight it has all the appearances of an un-
usually robust and heavily ribbed Avea. On close examination,
however, it shows no signs of an arca; the cardinal margin is
rounded down at both ends, and on the internal cast the line of
junction between the two valves is marked by an elevated ridge,
laterally undulated, showing the outline of the characteristic
teeth of the genus to which I have referred the shell.

ASTARTE, Sby.

A. APPRESSA, Gabb.—PI. 5, fig. 10.

Shell very flat, obliquely subquadrate ; beaks anterior, sub-
terminal, small; anterior end nearly straight above, lower half
convex ; base and cardinal border equally convex, nearly paral-
lel; posterior end broadly rounded ; cardinal margin truncated,
a narrow flat space, bordered by an angle running to near the
posterior end ; lunule long, narrow lanceolate, slightly impressed.
Surface ornamented by large, angular, concentric ribs near the
beaks, becoming less distinct and finally obsolete towards the
base.

Length, 1-1 in. ; width, -9 in; height of single valve, -12 in.

Locality. With the preceding; Mr. Clayton. -

This shell can be at once distinguished from A. ventricosa,
Meek, from the same formation, by its longer, quadrate outline

and flatter valves. The -beaks of ventricosa are large, promi-
nent, and project beyond the cardinal margin; while in the

OF CONCHOLOGY. 13

present species they are minute, acuminate and point forwards.
The truncation of the cardinal margin of our shell is also a
marked difference ; while the surface markings of the two species
are entirely unlike.

CARDINIA.
? C. PoNDEROSA, Gabb.—PI. 6, fig. 11, 11a.

Shell large, elongate, sub-oval, very thick; beaks a little
more than a fourth of the length from the anterior end, very
small, placed close together ; ends broadly and nearly equally
rounded, anterior a little the narrowest, cardinal margin slight-
ly arched; base very broadly convex, nearly straight ; imme-
diately under the beaks the outline is very slightly emarginate ;
Junule none; ligament moderate in size, narrow, not prominent.
Surface marked by rough, irregular lines of growth closely
placed. Internal margin entire; pallial line strongly marked ;
muscular scars shallow.

Length, 3-7 in.; width, 2°25 in.; diameter of both valves,
1:6 in. ; thickness of shell in the middle of the valve, *28 in.

Found by Dr. A. Blatchley at New Pass, near Austin; Trias.
I have seen several impressions in the slates of Star Caiion,
which I believe to belong to the present species, but all are
more or less distorted and flattened, and in none are there any
portions of the shell preserved.

The specimen from which the above description is taken is
in a remarkably good state of preservation, the valves are in
contact, and, although slightly broken, show the entire outline
and all of the other specific characters perfectly. By careful
manipulation I succeeded in not only separating the valves, but
in detaching most of the shell from the interior mould, although
the entire shell substance is extremely friable, being replaced
by crystals of dolomite. I was not, however, fortunate enough
to see all of the hinge, a portion of it crumbling away. So far
as could be ascertained, it possesses more the appearance of
Cardinia than any other described genus, and I have therefore
so referred the species, despite the very thick shell structure.
A marked peculiarity of the crystallization is that the crystals
are deposited in two distinct layers, a well-defined plane of
separation running parallel with, and about mid-way between
the outer and inner surfaces, throughout almost the entire shell.

POSIDONOMYA, Brown.
P. BuatcuHLeYI, Gabb.—PI. 6, fig. 12.

Shell large, flattened, obliquely sub-circular; beaks small,

14 AMERICAN JOURNAL

nearly central, cardinal margin not so long as the width of the
shell, straight for a short distance both sides of the beaks, then
bending down with a regular curve posteriorly, sub-angulated
anteriorly; base narrowly rounded, most prominent directly
opposite the posterior end of the cardinal line; anterior end,
with a portion of the base, forming about a third of a circle ;
posterior end less convex. Surface marked by irregular and
not very prominent concentric lines and undulations.

Length, 1:45 in. ; width, 1-5 in.

Locality. Found by Dr. A. Blatchley in the Trias at New
Pass, west of Austin, associated with many species, character-
istic of the St. Cassian group of Europe.

It is most nearly allied to P. Bronnii, Goldf., but is more
regularly rounded in outline, and wants the angle at the
posterior end of the cardinal line. The surface ribs are also
less strongly marked than in that species.

PINNA, Linn.
P. . Sp. indet.

Two fragments of a Pinna were obtained by Prof. Whitney,
at Mormon Station, Plumas Co., Cal., in the semi-metamor-
phosed sandstones of the Jurassic. They are long, slender,
and are marked very much in the some manner as P. Brewerti,
nob., of the California cretaceous. Both specimens have suffered
some distortion, and, until better material shall have been ob-
tained, I do not feel warranted in giving a detailed description.

CASSTALNELLA, Beyrich.
C. LinauLata, Gabb.—PI. &, fig. 13, 13a, 13b.

Shell very thick, long, narrow, lingueform. Large valve,
very convex and ponderous, nearly as high as wide; beak placed
in the middle, prominent, strongly incurved, umbone high,
rounded ; posterior ear straight, slightly sloping, sub-acuminate,
lateral margin slightly concave; anterior ear more elevated than
the posterior, separated from the body by a marked groove, top
convexly sloping, lateral margin nearly straight ; below the ears
the sides are nearly parallel for a short distance, curving into a
broadly rounded base. Hinge line broad, widely open, areas
of both valves wide, that of the smaller vaive triangular notched
opposite the beak of the opposite side. Small valve thin,
broadly concave, divided by two radiating ridges into three
unequal concave surfaces ; outlines corresponding with those of
the opposite valve, where in contact. Surface of both valves

OF CONCHOLOGY. 15

covered by not very prominent lines of growth. Length from
beak to base, 1-6 in. ; transverse width below the ears, ‘75 in. ;
length of two ears about ‘9 in.

From another specimen the width at the base of the ears is
1-1 in. ; diameter of two valves at same point, ‘9 in.; thickness
of large valve in the middle, °35 in.; height of top of umbone
above the hinge, ‘4 in.

The length of the hinge line in this specimen has been about
1:6 in., and the total length nearly 2 in. ;

Localities. Casts of this species are common in the Trias of
Star Catton, Nevada, whence they were brought in 1863 by
Mr. Homfray, but it has only been within a year or two that
the shell has been found. One or two mutilated specimens were
obtained by Mr. Clayton, at Volcano, which thus give us the
means of adding another link to the chain of evidence, of the
near synchronism of the Trias of Nevada with that of St. Cas-
sian.

The species can be distinguished from its European congeners
by its unusually elongate form, being twice as long from beak
to base as its width below the expansion of the ears. (
- grypheata, Miinst., its nearest ally, is very much smaller, the
length and width are about equal, its umbones are much less
prominent, the groove between the body and anterior ear is
deeper, and, while it has two radiating ridges on the right valve,
these ridges, unlike those of our species, are broad and round,
instead of being sharply defined ribs. C. tenuistriata, Miinst.,
and C. decussata Miinst., are sufficiently distinguished both by
their shape and surface sculpture.

LIMA, Brug.
L. (PLAgtiostoMA). Sp. indet.

Associated with the Pinna, above mentioned, from Mormon
Station, Plumas Co., are the mould and impression of a shell of
this genus, showing enough of the surface markings to ally it
closely with those smooth, semi-polished and finely radiated
species so strongly characteristic of the English Lias. It is
about an inch in length, has the anterior ear well developed, and
resembles in general shape and convexity the English Plagios-
tomas.

MONOTIS, Bronn.
M. crrcuLaRis, Gabb.—PI. 7, fig. 14, 14a.

Shell large, flattened, nearly circular, beaks small, median ;
anterior side, base and posterior side forming a regular, con-

16 AMERICAN JOURNAL

tinuous and nearly equal curve throughout; cardinal margin
nearly straight and two-thirds as long as the width of the shell,
ending anteriorly by a slight angle; posteriorly produced into
a prominent ear a little longer than high. ‘The lateral face of
the ear is slightly emarginate below. Surface closely sculptured
by very faint, flat, radiating ribs separated by linear depressions,
the whole crossed by numerous minute and very regular con-
centric lines. Internally the radiating ribs are even more
strongly marked than on the surface.

Length, 3:25 in., width, from beak to base, 3 inches, greatest
diameter of the two valves ‘8 in.

Locality.. Rare at New Pass, near Austin, Nev.; from tke
Trias ; found by Dr. Blatchley.

This species resembles in outline MW. substriata, Miinst., of the
Lias, but is much larger and even more round than that shell.
The surface is also entirely different. From M. salinaria, Bronn,
and M. sub-ecrcularis, nobis, of the same formation in which it
is found, it is distinguished both by outline and surface; though
in the presence of the anterior angle it approaches the former of
these.

PECTEN, Brug.

Three species of this genus are represented in the collection,
each bya single specimen. ‘T'wo of these are flat and character-
ized by fine radiating ribs ; the third is convex, and the fragment-
ary internal cast resembles strikingly the deep valve of the Cre-
taceous genus Weithea. They are all from Voleano, the last
undoubtedly from the Jurassic. In regard to the age of the
others I am in doubt, whether to refer them to the Jura or Trias.

P. acutiplicatus, Meek, is common at Volcano.

PLICATULA, Lam.
P. PERIMBRICATA, Gabb.—PI. 6, fig. lda.

Shell of moderate size, inequivalve, more or less inequilateral,
sometimes slightly oblique ; sometimes free, sometimes apparent-
ly attached by the flat valve. Sides and base broadly and pretty
regularly rounded ; the right side sometimes a little more promi-
nent than the left; this rounding continues from a half to two-
thirds the length of the shell, after which the sides rapidly con-
verge towards the beak. Surface of the upper valve convex,
and somewhat prominent in the middle, falling very gradually to
the base and convex portions of sides, more rapidly towards the
beak and superior lateral margins. Both valves marked by

OF CONCHOLOGY. ie

pretty regular and strong imbricating concentric ridges, and by
radiating plications; the latter most marked on and towards the
edges of the imbrications. Lower valve variable, flat, shghtly
convex or slightly concave. In two instances out of five speci-
mens this valve appears to have been attached to another body
during the life of the animal; and in one of these cases, where
it is now separated, while the characteristic markings are discern-
ible, they are blurred, and combined with oblique striation from
the other surface. In at least one other case this valve seems
to have been entirely free, and the radiating sculpture is even
stronger than the concentric.

Dimensions of the largest specimen: length from beak to base,
1:3 in.; width, 1:05 in.; height of deep valve, ‘2 in. From a
smaller one: length, as above, 1 in.; width, ‘95 in.; diameter of
both valves, 25 in.

Locality. Brought from the Jurassic of Volcano, by both
Mr. Clayton and Dr. Blatchley. One specimen is in the same
block with the Astarte, above described.

This shell resembles P. spinosa, Sby., of the European Lias,
but is less oblique and has many more of the concentric imbri-
cating ribs.

SPIRIFER, Sby.
S. optusus, Gabb.—PI. 7, fig. 16, a, b.

Shell robust, short, thick, valves very convex ; base regularly
convex, nearly semi-circular, lateral angles rounded off and con-
verging into the hinge line ; dorsal valve almost as long as wide,
deep; beak elevated, somewhat incurved; mesial sinus regularly
concave, strongly marked; area shorter than the width of the
shell, very broad, foramen large; ventral valve less convex
than the dorsal; beak small, incurved; mesial fold elevated,
sub-angulated and bearing three ribs on the upper surface and
one on each side on the slope. Surface ornamented by about
twenty-three or twenty four rounded ribs on each valve, of
which three or four belong to the mesial fold and sinus. These
ribs are separated by equal, concave interspaces ; all crossed by
small, sub-imbricating lines of growth.

Length from apex to base of ventral valve, 1:3 in.; of dorsal
valve, 1 in.; width, 1°35 in.; length of area, 1:15 in.; distance
between the two beaks, 28 in. ; greatest diameter of two valves,
95 in.

Locality. Two specimens from the Trias of Volcano, from

Dr. Blatchley.
2

18 AMERICAN JOURNAL

This shell resembles most S. Keokuk, Hall, of the Carboni-
ferous of Iowa, (See Geol. Rep. Iowa, part 2, pl. 20, fig. 3, a,
b.) but in that species the mesial fold of the ventral valve is
composed of two large ribs. ‘The beak of the dorsal valve is
not so distinctly incurved in the present species; the area is
shorter, broader and higher, and the sides of its dorsal valve,
from the beak to the angles, slope more rapidly than in S. [Keo-
kuk. The mesial sinus is also more prolonged at the base than
in the Iowa shell. The resemblance is rather one of outline
than of detail.

INDEX TO PLATES.

Plate 3, fig. 1, la. Ammonites Nevadanus, Gabb.
«5. Turbo elevatus, Gabb.
“9, 9a. Cardium arceformis, Gabb.
“<4, % 2. Ammonites Colfaxii, Gabb.
“ 5, “ 38. Septum of Am. Billingsianus, Gabb.
“4, Turbo regius, Gabb.
“¢ 6. Pholadomya multilineata, Gabb.
“ 7. P. Nevadana, Gabb.
“ 10, 10a. Astarte appressa, Gabb.
“ 6, “ 8. Gontomya aperta, Gabb.
“ 11, lla. Cardinia ponderosa, Gabb.
“¢ 12. Posidonomya Blatchleyi, Gabb.
© 15, 15a. Plicatula perimbricata, Gabb.
“ 7, “ 13, 18a, 13b. Cassianella lingulata, Gabb.
“14, 14a. DMonotis circularis, Gabb.
“ 16, 16a, 16b. Spirifer obtusus, Gabb.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 19

NOTES ON THE GENERA ALARIA, DIARTHEMA, DICRO.
LOMA, &C.; BHING A SUPPLEMENT TO “AN ATTEMPT
AT A REVISION OF THE STROMBIDZ AND APORR-
HAIDA.”

BY W. M. GABB.

In the Jast volume of the Journal of Conchology I published
a paper on the two families of alate shells, in which I attempted
to arrange all of the genera as nearly in accordance with the
views entertained by students of the living forms, based on a
study of the animals, as our knowledge of their analogies would
permit. I pursued this course, not without some hesitation,
because, though the living representatives of both families are
sufficiently distinct, when we take up the paradoxical forms of the
secondary formations, and especially of the Jurassic rocks, we
encounter shells, the relations of which are almost impossible to
decide, if, as a basis, we start with the idea of two distinct
families. In view of this difficulty, several of the ablest students
have preferred to class them together. Pictet (Paléontologie
Suisse, 1860), calls them all Strombide, while, more recently,
Stoliczka (Pal. Indica, 1867,) proposes the new term Alata, a
name very appropriate in its etymology, but not admissible,
inasmuch as it has not the termination required by custom for
all family names. If we permit these close resemblances to guide
us, it is difficult to say where we willstop. Grant that the two
families should be consclidated ; the next question that arises is,
where are we to draw the line between the family thus consti-
tuted, and the Cerithide? The analogies between Aporrhais
and Cerithiwm in the animals have been long known, and is there
not strong ground for supposing that Piette’s Hustoma should
serve as the connecting link? Or further, on the other hand,
should not Alaria, Dearthema and Spinigera unite them with
Panella 2

A parallel case of two very distinct modern families becoming
confused and apparently blending, as we go back in the geolo-
gical scale, occurs in the Aviculide and Pectenide. No ene

20 AMERICAN JOURNAL

would be apt to confound Pecten and Avicula, but it is not so
easy to decide where to place the carboniferous Aviculopecten or
Eumicrotis.

In the present instance the greatest difficulty lies among
those shells that have been usually described as Pterocera. Since
the establishment of Alarta by Morris and Lycett, many of them
have been placed under that genus, hardly more appropriately
than under Pterocera, and without contributing at all towards
the solution of the difficulty. As originally described, and as
accepted by Pictet, Piette and others, A/aria includes all the
doubtful forms more or less fusiform and resembling (and many
very distinct from) fostellarta, but without a posterior canal.
Some of those possess well marked varices, the results of arrests
in growth, like those of anella, while others are entirely
destitute of them. For the first of these two classes I have pro-
posed to retain Morris and Lycett’s name; for the other I sug-
gested the name of Dicroloma, This is a division warranted by
the views of all Conchologists ; the presence or absence of varices
being, in the great majority of cases, a character of even greater
than generic value. The authors of the genus proposed to include
everything that could be placed in, what they considered, Strom-
bide, and that simply differed from their views of Rostellaria
and Pterocera, in the absence of the posterior canal running
up the spire. In restricting the genus, therefore, itis necessary
to follow the usual rule of ascertaining what are the characters
of the first species described under the generic name. That
species is A. armata, which forms a tri-digitate lip when young,
that lip remaining as a varix on the older shell. My name
Dicroloma, therefore, must be applied to the allied shells, fusi-
form in shape, without posterior canal, and with a bi-, tri- or multi-
digitate outer lip and thin inner lip.

Since the publication of the paper above referred to, I have
received from my friend, Dr. Ferd. Stoliczka, the first part of
his admirable work on the Gasteropods ofthe cretaceous forma-
tion of India. He there goes over the question very ably, and
proposes what he admits is only an artificial and temporary
classification. I cannot concur with the Doctor m all the views
he has advanced, and propose, after copying his table, to point
out wherein we differ, and my reasons for holding other views.
He proposes:

“1st. To restrict the name Alaria to the species with a simple
undivided and narrow wing, as the Jurassic Al. hamus, Desh.,
and Al. rhinoceros, Piette and Desh.

“9d, Species which have the exterior termination of the wing
extended in two opposite directions, (as Jtostellaria carinata,

OF CONCHOLOGY. 21

Mont.), and possess a long anterior canal, could form a small
group, designated by Conrad Anchura.

“« 3d. Broad winged shells with only a single point to the
posterior external termination, as Rost. Orbignyana, Pictet, or
Rost. papilionacea, Goldf., might be designated under a separate
name.

“ All these three forms are generally ornamented by trans-
verse ribs. .

‘“‘4th. Species with slightly dilated wing, soon dividing into
two or three long extremities, carinated and usually spirally
striated whorls, etcet.—as the long known A/. myurus, Desh., or

Al. levigata, Morris, might be referred to Zessarolax,Gabb.

“5th. To retain under Aporrhais only those species which
have a broad dilated wing from the base, terminating exteriorly
in as many points as there are keels on the exterior side of the
wing, which ought in all cases to extend to the exterior margin
of the wing, as in Ap. Dupiniana, D’Orb., or Ap. (Chenopus)
atractoides, Desh.

“6th. The Jurassic Diarthema paradoxa, Desh., forms a sepa-
rate genus, somewhat allied to Ranella.

Tth. Spinigera, D’Orb., ought probably to be classed here
rather than with Ranella.”’

For convenience I shall take up each division seriatim :

1st. As I have already shown, Alaia should be applied only
to those species possessing a varix. Neither A. hamus nor A.
rhinoceros possess varices, and I do not consider the fact of one
rather than two or more processes on the lip of generic value,
especially since such species as A. hamus show a very percepti-
ble tendency to a second process, in the existence of a carina on
the whorl, and an angle on the margin of the lip at the termina-
tion of the carina. I shall therefore place these shells in Dv-
croloma, at most as a subgeneric division.

2d and 3d. Anchura, Conrad, must include all those creta-
ceous shells of a long fusiform shape, without varices or arrests
of growth of any kind, with a thickened inner lip, and with the
outer lip expanded, broad or narrow, bearing a projecting pro-
cess posteriorly, and (or without) one anteriorly on the outer
margin. This genus differs from the preceding, as well as from
its ally Alaria, in the inner lip being always more or less and
usually strongly thickened, while in those genera the inner lip
is very thin and generally ‘obsolete.

The details of form of the outer lip must take a "secondary

22 AMERICAN JOURNAL

rank, since this character differs in every species. In fact it is
of only specific value. A. carinata and A. abrupta are very
closely allied, but they should not be separated as a distinct
generic group, because, although we do not possess an unbroken
series of gradations from them to such shells as A. papilionacea,
yet we have many good links in the chain. A. falezformis, nob.,
has, in some individuals, a strongly marked angle at the outer
anterior margin of the lip, and is not the rounded lobe on. the
anterior margin of A. papilionacea or of A. Parkinsonii, the
rudiment of the same member? I cannot find any grounds for
generic division among such shells as A. abrupta, Con., A. eari-
nata, Mant., A. faleiformis, Gabb, A. Requieniara, D’Orb.,
A. simplex, D’Orb., A. Parkinsonii, Sdy., A. Orbignyana,
Pictet, A. Californica, Gabb, A. Robinaldina, D’Orb., A. ros-
trata, Gabb, and A. papilionacea, Goldf.

4th. Dr. Stoliczka evidently misunderstands the genus Tessa-
rolox. It is adigitate shell, one of the most marked charac-
ters being the long, well marked posterior canal running up
the spire. It includes but two species with which I am
acquainted, both cretaceous— 7’. distorta, nob., in California, and
T. bicarinata, D’Orb., (Pterocera) in France. It possesses a
peculiar style of ornament in clavate tubercles on the middle
of the body whorl, and differs from Helicaulax, nob., in having
the spire more or less encrusted with a thin callus, having also
a thin inner lip. In the latter genus the spire is naked and the
inner lip is covered by an unusually heavy callus, while the outer
lip in all the known species is simply hooked, not digitate.

5th. Such shells as Aporrhais atractoides, A. pagodus, Cheno-
pus camelus, C. vespa, &c., can hardly be called congeneric with
Aporrhats pes-pelicani, and should receive another name.

6th. Diarthema is a good genus, founded on Pterocera para-
doxa, Desh., and included by Morris and Lycett in Alaria. It
is a comparatively short, sub-fusiform shell, with a short anterior
and no posterior canal, no digitations on the outer lip, and two
varices like Ranella.

Tth. I proposed to place Spinigera near the true Rostellarias,
but am now inclined to the opinion that its true relations may lie
nearer to Alaria and Diarthema. It seems not improbable that
these shells, bearing varices, may eventually, when we shall know
more of the subject, be elevated to the rank of a distinct group.

Dr. Stoliczka considers Hustomu, Piette, as probably more
nearly allied to the Cerithide than to the “ Alata.” Its long
fusiform shape, the long straight canal, and even the form of the
outer lip, seem to me to point to relations with such shells as

OF CONCHOLOGY. . 23

the present group, rather than with Cerithiwm. The manner of
junction posteriorly, between the outer and inner lip, and the
form of the latter are only exaggerations of what occurs in
Anchura. (See for example A. Mexicana, nob.) From Piette’s
figures, by which alone I know the genus, it appears to be an
Anchura, deprived of its expanded outer lip, and with the stump
thickened.

There is yet much to be done before we shall have arrived at
a full understanding of the alate and digitate shells of the sec-
ondary rocks; but until we shall have become better acquainted
with some of the numerous species, as yet only known from
fragments, the final classification of the genera must remain
an open and perhaps a disputed question. If I have thrown
any light on it, or if I only succeed in attracting the attention
of other students to the subject, I shall be perfectly content.

24 AMERICAN JOURNAL

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW HELIX FROM UTAH.
BY WM. M. GABB.

H. Haypenit, Gabb.—PI. 8, fig. 1.

Shell of moderate size, orbicular; spire slightly elevated;
whorls 54, rounded; suture well marked ; last whorl descending
very slightly above to the aperture; umbilicus funnel-shaped,
perspective, occupying about a fourth of the base; aperture cir-
cular, oblique, margins simple or very slightly thickened, con-
tinuous, not reflected. Surface covered by prominent, elevated,
revolving ribs, acute and with concave interspaces. These ribs
vary from nine to ten in number, and, in some specimens, in the
interspaces, are faint revolving lines, entirely absent in others.
Crossing the revolving sculpture are numerous, irregular, well
marked lines of growth. Color unknown.

Figures. Natural size.

Locality. Webber Caiion, near Salt Lake City, Utah, where
dead specimens were found in abundance associated with H.
Cooperit, by Dr. F. V. Hayden.

Observations. Dr. Hayden collected at the above locality
perhaps as many as fifty specimens of this shell, of all ages.
The young show that the circular aperture is not a constant
character, since, until fully adult, the mouth is of the same
shape as in H. Cooperti, which also, in fully mature individuals,
not infrequently has a continuous peristome. ‘The apical angle
is the same in these specimens as in the unusually flat form of
H. Cooperti associated with them.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 26

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF SOUTH AMERICAN
FOSSILS.

No. 1. Tertiary.
BY WM. M. GABB.

I have received from Dr. Antonio Raimondi, of Lima, Peru,
a fine series of fossils of that Republic, one of the results of
about eighteen years of explorations and collection in all parts
of the country. ‘The series includes suites of Tertiary, Creta-
ceous, Jurassic and Carboniferous age, many of them in a beau-
tiful state of preservation; many more too imperfect for deter-
mination. It is the intention of Dr. Raimondi to publish a large
work on the Geography, Geology, Natural History, &c., of his
country, and he has placed this material in my hands to enable
me to prepare the volume on Paleontology. In view of the
long time which may elapse before the appearance of the volume,
I propose to describe the new species in the present form, as a
preliminary, and hope to be able to hereafter republish them
with elaborate illustrations and more extended notes.

The present paper is devoted to a series of fossils collected in
the vicinity of Payta, Peru, from some bluffs of Tertiary sands.
They vary considerably in lithological character and may belong
to two or more different eras. One set of four or five species
is made up entirely of extinct forms, while the remainder, more
nearly allied in appearance, seem to be, from the balance of
living and extinct species, on or near the horizon of the Plio-
cene. ‘The notes accompanying the collection are meagre, and
indicate little beyond locality.

FUSUS, Lam.
F. Paytensis, Gabb.
Shell small, broadly fusiform, spire elevated; whorls about

six (extreme tip broken), flattened and sloping above, slightly
convex on the sides; body whorl prominently convex above,

26 AMERICAN JOURNAL

concave and regularly tapering below. Aperture broad above,
tapering in advance, canal (from line of growth apparently)
straight, moderate in length and narrowed to the extremity.
Surface ornamented by long, narrow tubercles, most prominent
on the angle of the whorl, each sending a faint rib to the suture
above and, on the body whorl, suddenly ending with the greatest
convexity of the surface. ‘There are eleven of these on each
whorl; they are crossed, except on the top of the whorl, by nu-
merous moderately large revolving ribs, smaller in advance.

Length about (broken) 3-9 in.; width, 2°8 in. ; height of spire,
2-2 in. : approximate total length, 5-2 in.

Associated with the following. These two shells are of
nearly the same size, but the smaller and more numerous tuber-

cles, and the more slender form of the present species will dis-
tinguish them at a glance.

TRITONIUM, Link.
T. PERNODOSUM, Gabb.

Shell small, very robust ; spire high, longer than the aperture ;
whorls six and a half, constricted above and below, close to the
suture and bearing large, very prominent tubercles, about seven
to a volution. These tubercles are isolated, more or less square,
longer than wide, have broad interspaces and are placed on the
middle of the upper whorls and on the upper part of the body
whorl; on the body whorl they are proportionately smaller and
wider apart, and below them the whorl is rapidly narrowed in
advance. Besides the tubercles there are about a dozen well
marked revolving ribs somewhat alternated in size. In one
specimen two large ribs with a smaller one interposed cross the
tubercles. Body whorl short and broad; aperture nearly cir-
cular, canal very short; inner lip lightly encrusted. Varices
obsolete.

Length, 4:5 in.; width, 2:8 in.; height of spire above the
suture of the body whorl, 2:3 in.; approximate length of the
aperture (broken in advance), 2°2 in.

From a light greyish brown sandstone near Payta.

PURPURA, Brug.
P. cHocoLatum, Duclos.
Purpura chocolatum, Duclos, Ann. Se. Nat., Vol. 26, pl. 2,
haat
A single specimen of this species is in the collection. It is
from a rock made up entirely of comminuted shells cemented by

OF CONCHOLOGY. - 27

carbonate of lime. No other specimens from this rock were
sent. It is labelled “‘ Immediate vicinity of Payta.”’

AMPULLINA,
A. OrTONI, Gabb.

Shell of moderate size, sub-pyriform; spire moderately ele-
vated; whorls seven, flattened on top, rounded on the angle;
suture channelled by a very narrow groove ; body whorl broadly
convex above the middle, tapering in advance; marked only by
lines of growth. Aperture broad, rounded in front; outer lip
simple; inner lip encrusted by a thin plate ending in front at
the umbilicus. Umbilicus imperforate or characterized by a
very small opening; running into it, and bordering the inner
lip in advance is a flattened margin, ending abruptly on the
outer side and merging in front into the margin of the aperture.

Length, 2: in.; width, 1:5 in. ; length of aperture, 1-6 in.

Specimens of this species were sent me by Dr. Raimondi, in
very imperfect condition; but I have been so fortunate as to
have had the opportunity of studying a few fossils brought by
Prof. Jas. Orton from the same locality, and among them is an
excellent specimen of this shell, from which I obtain the specific
characters. As compared with A. mutabilis of the French
Eocene, it agrees in general form, in the sub-pyriform shape,
the compressed tops of the whorls and in the channeled suture.
It differs, however, in the inner lip, which, in our species, is more
like a specimen before me labelled A. patula, of the English
Eocene. In A. Ortoni, however, the incrustation above and
behind the umbilicus is much heavier and more defined on its
edges than in A. patula.

4

CERITHIUM, Brug.
C. LHVIUSCULUM, Gabb.

Shell very long, slender, whorls numerous, increasing very
gradually in size, sub-flattened on the sides, curving in above
“and below to the suture which is distinctly impressed. Surface
marked only by lines of growth, which are obsolete, except on
the last whorl where some are distinctly marked. Aperture sub-
quadrate, outer lip sinuous, projecting below; inner lip obsolete-
ly incrusted ; canal short, twisted, notch faint.

Length, (less the tip) 4:2 in.; total length about 5-2 in. ;
length of aperture, 1°3 in.; width of body whorl, 1-4 in.

From Prof. Orton, associated with the preceding species.
Two shells are in Dr. Raimondi’s collection, one from between

28 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Huandoval and Corongo, Proy. of Conchucos, the other from
near Ollon, Prov. of Cajatambo, both of which he considers
Jurassic, and which, in the imperfect state of preservation, I can-
not distinguish from the present species. The shell from Ollon
is entirely unlike the recognized Jurassic fossils of that locality,
in its lithological characters, and I suspect that there may be a
deposit of Tertiary. there, which has been confounded by the
Doctor with the other fossiliferous rocks. C. leviusculum is
allied to C’. leve, Quoy, from Australia, but its whorls are higher
and less numerous, its apical angle is much narrower, the last
whorls are more convex, the canal is less twisted and the mouth
is longer.

LITTORINA, Fer.
L. LAQUEATA, Gabb.

Shell small, elevated trochoid; spire high, whorls five and a
half, rounded, converging toward the suture, strongly sculptured
by heavy, slightly oblique, longitudinal ribs a little narrower
than the interspaces; these ribs commence just below the suture
and on the body whorl end at the margin of the base; they are
about twelve in number to a volution and are crossed by a few
elevated, revolving threads ; base ornamented by closely-placed
revolving ribs, showing a slight tendency to alternate in size.
Aperture sub-circular; inner lip narrow, flattened.

Length -5 in.; length of aperture -2 in.; width of body
whorl -31 in.

Found associated with Fusus Paytensis and Tritonium perno-
dosum.

VOLUTILITHES, Swains.
V. PLICIFERA, Gabb.

Shell elongate, fusiform, spire elevated, whorls (number
unknown, apparently five or six ?) flattened_on the sides. Body
whorl with a narrow sloping shoulder near the suture, straight
below for a short distance, and then gradually converging in
advance. Surface ornamented by about twelve or fourteen
straight, longitudinal ribs or folds, starting at the margin of the
shoulder and ending at the point where the sides begin to con-
verge. Aperture long, narrow; inner lip with two (?) small
oblique folds.

This species is described from a number of internal casts, and
I should not have-ventured to characterize it, were it not for its
close resemblance to a species of the Tertiary of California and
Oregon. The most perfect fragment, less a portion of the spire

OF CONCHOLOGY. 29

and anterior end, measures—length 1:8 in.; probable total
length a little over three inches; probable length of aperture
2-2 in. ; width of body whorl 1:2 in. ; width of aperture °6 in.

From the casts and impressions, I am satisfied that the shell
has had no other surface markings except the plain, rounded,
longitudinal ribs, in which character it resembles V. indurata,
Con., found in the Miocene and Pliocene of Oregon and Cali-
fornia. It differs from that species in having more ribs, in their
being straighter, and in the tips of the whorls being regularly
sloping. In the North American species I could never succeed
in uncovering the columella sufficiently to satisfy myself of the
presence of the characteristic plaits. In the present shell I have
detached traces of two, if not three, and now suspect that they
will eventually be also found in the other.

All the specimens of this species are from a hard, yellowish
claystone, containing Pholas Chilensis, Molina, and the Thracia,
described below. No other species of this paper appear to have
come from the same rock.

TURRITELLA, Lam.
T. COCHLEIFORMIS, Gabb.

Shell elongate, slender ; whorls numerous ; concave and slop-
ing above and bearing a little below the middle, two sharp,
strongly elevated revolving ribs with a concave interspace ; below
these is a third rib, less prominent and separated by the same
distance as that between the others. On the last volution it
forms a part of the base, while on the upper whorls it unites
with the upper margin of the succeeding whorl, placing the
suture a little above the middle of a regular concave space.
Aperture sub-quadrate, base slightly convex and having but the
one rib mentioned above.

Numerous fragments of this species are associated with the
Fusus, Tritonium, and Littorina. It is closely allied to 7.
cochlea, Rve., Icon. Conch., Sp. 29, but differs in the two carinz
being close together, and in having but one rib on the base in-
stead of the two in Reeve’s shell. ‘The latter is described with-
out a locality.

, DACTYLINA, Gray.
D. Cuitoensts, Molina.
Pholas Chiloensis, Molina, Hist. de Chile, p. 179.

ad. Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3217.
id. Gay, Hist. de Chile, p. 381, pl. 6, fig. 3.

Dactylina Chiloensis, Chenu, Man. de Conch. y, 2,-p. 4, fig.
14, 15.

30 AMERICAN JOURNAL

A single specimen, still imbedded in the mould of its nest,
from the same rock as the Volutihthes and Thracia.

RATA, Gray.
R. arpposa, Gabb.

Shell large, thin, gibbous, broadly ovate; anterior end broadly
and about equally. rounded ; posterior end narrowly and com-
pressedly beaked ; beaks central, small, ineurved; cardinal mar-
gin sloping down about equally on both sides ; base broadly and
regularly convex. Surface ornamented by irregular concentric
folds.

Length 3 inches, width from beak to base 2:5 in., diameter
1:6 in.

From a compact yellowish clay-stone, associated with Voluti-
lithes, &e.

Closely allied to R. canaliculata, Say, from the coast of South
Carolina, but more equilateral, less produced in advance, the
greatest prominence of the posterior end placed higher (or
nearer the beaks) and the bases more prominently convex. The
surface plications are also finer and more numerous.

STRIGILLA, Turton.
S. prora, Hanley, sp.

Tellina prora, Hanley, Zool. Proc. 1844.
ad. Hanley, Thes. Conch. p. 248, pl. 60, $e 152.
T. (Peronceoderma) prora, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll.
p- 396.
A single specimen, apparently from the same rock as the
Ampullina.

CARDIUM, Linn.
S. Gen. LZVICARDIUM, Swains.
C. (L.) PERTENUE, Gabb. :

Shell very thin, gibbous, somewhat inequilateral, most pro-
duced posteriorly; beaks small, strongly incurved; cardinal
margins equally and regularly sloping; base broadly rounded,
continuously to the middle of the anterior end, where the curve
joins the nearly straight slope from above, with a narrow angle ;
posterior end apparently considerably produced (from the lines
of growth, the lower part being broken), Surface very smooth,
only marked by minute lines of growth.

Length (broken) 1:8 in., total length apparently 2 in., width
from beak to base 1°75 in., diameter 1°45 in,

OF CONCHOLOGY. oL

A very convex shell, which, when perfect, seems to have been
unusually long on the posterior side, and more convex than any
living species with which I am acquainted. It is remarkable for
its excessive thinness, which is so marked that the specimen
before me shows distinctly the color of the internal coat, through
the shell substance.

MYTILUS, Linn.
M. uneunatus, Linn.
Mytilus ungulatus, Linn., Gmel., Syst. Nat..No. 12.
A common species of the Chilian Coast. In a loose sandstone,

probably the same as that containing the first two species of this
paper.

ARCA, Linn.
S. Gen. ScAPHARCA, Gray.

A. (S.) Rarmonp1t, Gabb.

Shell long, slender, sub-compressed, very inequilateral; an-
terior end rounded ; posterior end very obliquely rounded, sub-
truncate; base nearly straight ; beaks about a third of the length
from the anterior end, approximate, incurved and _ pointed
slightly in advance. Area narrow, about two-thirds as long as
the shell. Surface marked by about thirty square radiating
ribs with flat interspaces of about equal width. Internal mar-
gin marked by folds corresponding to the external ribs.

Length 2 in., width 1-2 in., diameter °765 in.

Not unlike A. ima, Rve., Icon. Conch., No. 101, but less
rounded in general outline. The base is more straight, the pos-
terior truncation more marked and the beaks more prominent.

AXIN AA, Poli.
A. Paytensis, D’Orb., sp.
peas ne: D’Orb., Amer. Merid. p. 129, pl. 15,
Pectunculus Paytensis, D’Orb., Prod. Pal. Strat. Vol. 8, p.
122, No. 2307.
One of the most common shells at the locality, judging from

the number of specimens I have seen. Prof. Orton collected
humerous specimens, and Dr. Raimondi sent me two fine ones.

32 AMERICAN JOURNAL

PECTEN, Brug.
P. purpuratTus, Lam.
Pecten purpuratus, Lam., Anim. s. Vert. (Desh. Edit.) vy. 7,
p. 154.

A common Peruvian shell, represented by three specimens in
the collection.

OSTREA, Linn.
O. gaLius, Val.

Ostrea gallus, Valenc., Voy. Venus, pl. 21, figs. 1 a—d.

Compare O: cerrosensis, Gabb, Pal. Cal. v. 2, p. 35, pl. 11,
fig. 61.

Two fine specimens imbedded in a gray sandstone, unlike that
associated with any others of the specimens.

A few other Tertiary fossils were sent, but they are two im-
perfect for satisfactory determination, without additional ma-
terial.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 33

OBSERVATIONS ON MELANTHO.
BY JAMES LEWIS, M. D.

In the collection of Mr. Chas. M. Wheatley, of Phoenixville,
Pa., are many very interesting and valuable specimens illustrat-
ing the genus Melantho to a very considerable extent. Through
the kindness of Mr. Wheatley I have recently been permitted to
examine a portion of his collection of Melantho, and the result
of the examination has been to lead me to a better understand-
ing of a few points that have until now been perplexities and
the cause of error.

In conchological investigations, as well as in any other pursuit,
progress sometimes requires the investigator to abandon opinions
previously received, that others, based on more numerous and
significant facts may take their place. The facts and the opin-
ions about to be presented, as having been derived from an ex-
amination of a part of Mr. Wheatley’s collection, are such as in
some instances require the abandonment of opinions previously
entertained, while at the same time they help to simplify and
systematize the imperfectly understood literature of that portion
of American Conchology to which they relate.

A few weeks since, in a letter to Mr. Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., I
gave a brief outline of a system of grouping which I had con-
ceived for the genus Melantho.

' I had regarded Melantho as embracing four well characterized
groups—as follows:

First.. Shell heavy or solid, more or less globular; opercle
gibbous ovate or elongate. Examples: MZ. ponderosa, Say, MW.
integra, Say, M. regularis, Lea., M. obesa, Lewis.

Second. Shells a little less solid, more elongate, whorls
flattened or compressed below the suture, sub-angular on the
middle of the last whorl; opercle gibbous ovate. Examples: MW.
coarctata, Lea, MW. exilis, Anth., M. rufa, Hald., M. subsolida,
Anth.

Third. Shells of thin texture, whorls usually regularly round-
ed, suture well impressed, spire regular in its proportions, and,

34 AMERICAN JOURNAL

when perfect, acute. Opercle gibbous ovate. Examples: I.
decisa, Say, M. Miles, Lea, M. fecunda, Lewis, M. lima,
Anth.

Fourth. A group embracing only MZ. De Campi, Binney.

My examination of Mr. Wheatley’s collection destroys the sym-
metry of this arrangement in some degree, and suggests some
new views respecting a few of the species named. Among Mr.
Wheatley’s shells were a number from the Coosa River, Ala-
bama, which had been labeled by the correspondent from whom
he received them M. coarctata, Lea. A hurried glance at these
shells would suggest only to the observer their apparent identity
with the more mature forms usually regarded as ponderosa.
Two of these specimens, however, on careful examination, re-
vealed a remarkable resemblance to the figure given by Mr.
Binney in connection with his quotation of Mr. Lea’s description
of coarctata. They agree also with the description in all essen-
tials, and, so far as is known, are the only shells found in “ Ala-
bama”’ to which Mr. Lea’s description and the accompanying
figures given by Binney will apply. Various shells found in dif-
ferent portions of the valley of\the Mississippi heretofore doubt-
fully referred to coarctata and to exilis (Anth.) differ enough
from the figure.

We will add to this that Mr. Lea, in citing locality, gives only
vaguely “‘ Alabama.” The specimen, a single one, was in the
collection of Dr. Foreman, whose name at various times appears
in connection with species “from the Coosa River,” described
by Mr. Lea, in such manner as to give countenance to the suppo-
sition that Melantho (Pal.) coarctata, Lea, may have been derived
from that prolific stream. All the probabilities of the case
point very strongly to the supposition that the true coarctata
is a young shell from the Coosa River, which, when mature, re-
ceives the name ponderosa.

All the shells from the Coosa River that are regarded as un-
questionable ponderosa by collectors, have a peculiar arvearance
by which persons familiar with them may separate them from
similar shells of the rivers of the Ohio system. The young shells
of the ponderosa of the Ohio system do not, so far as I have
any knowledge of them, ape those forms that may be identified
with coarctata. It is a generally received principle in Natural
History that marked differénces in the embryos and young of a
class of beings are specific. If we apply this rule to ‘“pon-
derosa”’ of the Coosa (referring to the peculiar forms assumed
by immature specimens,) it will be a proper inference that those
shells are specifically distinct from the ponderosa of the Ohio
system.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 35

Without assuming, however, to decide any question of differ-
ence or of identity between “‘ ponderosa”’ of the Coosa and of
the Ohio system of rivers, I shall take it for granted, in the
presence of much convincing evidence and in the absence of all
evidence to the contrary, that the true “ Pal. coarctata, Lea,” is
the young of a species found in the Coosa River, the adult of
which is known as ponderosa. If this is not a correct inference
no one will be more ready than myself to accept convincing
testimony in the premises.

Having shown, as I think, in a satisfactory manner what may
be regarded as M. aetaes: I desire to call attention to other
Suggestions derived from an examination of Mr. Wheatley’s
specimens. In his collection are numerous specimens, typical
specimens as well as those of a more varied character, illustrat-
ing two of Mr. Anthony’s species. These specimens, together
with others in my own collection, suggest in the most positive
manner that MW. exilis and MM. subsolida are extreme varieties
of one species. In geographical distribution they seem to range
through the sluggish side streams of the Mississippi Valley from
Towa to Natchez. How much more extended their distribution
may be is not yet known.

So far as the evidence afforded by specimens examined can be
relied on, it would seem that the more slender forms known as
exilis are comparatively more abundant in the southern portion
of the area they are known to inhabit.

Specimens sent to me by Mr. John Wolf of Canton, Illinois,
gave a large preponderance of the shells regarded as subsolida.
Mr. W. not being perplexed by any queries about species, made
the very natural suggestion that the more slender shells (ezxzlis)
might be males. But be that as it may, the shells in Mr.
Wheatley’s collection, as well as in my own, very generally
testify that exzlis and suhsolida are very uniformly associated.
They glide into each other by insensible differences in form and
size. Other differences they do not appear to possess—or if any
are manifested they are evanescent. The bibliographer may
decide which of the two names given to the species—ezzlis, sub-
solida—shall be retained.

Melantho (Pal.) lima, Anth.,.as represented by the single
specimen in Mr. Wheatley’s collection, is a well characterized
species, which has no decided affiuities to group it elsewhere
than with MW. DeCampi.

Mr. Wheatley’s collection Uiggieaes some of the local influ-
ences which at the South give a geniculate character to Melantho,
just as in Michigan influences of a local character conspire to
impress some species with a clavate, others with a gibbous, form.

36 AMERICAN JOURNAL

There seems to be evidence that, in a variable area extending
from the south-eastern angle of North Carolina to the western
extremity of West Florida, most of the species of Melantho found
therein assume that form known as genicula, Con. Even M.
rufa, always readily distinguished by the peculiar color of the
interior and by certain appearances in its epidermis, is found in
that region having the form of genicula! Whether the same
local influence reaches westward to the Coosa, modifying the
form of the young of “‘ ponderosa”’ by compressing the whorls
below the suture, does not seem clear. Associated species should
manifest something of this influence in this instance; as in the
case of gibba, Currier, we find an associate species (quite dis-
tinct) assuming a gibbous clavate form. But in the Coosa we have
an associated MZelantho (species undetermined or new) that does
not in any degree exhibit the compressed whorls that develop the
form of genicula. This seems to indicate that the Coosa is not
within the area that develops genicula.

Among Mr. Wheatley’s shells were a number of specimens
from Corinth, Miss., that were labelled “ JZ. coarctata, Lea.”’
These were thin shells, belonging to a group typified by decesa
(as found in eastern Pennsylvania). In form these shells are
like some of those slender but heavier shells known as ezilis,
but destitute of the subangular character so usually impressed
on the last whorl of ezilis. There are also shells of the same
species from Ohio in Mr. Wheatley’s collection. The same
species from Poland, Ohio, has been distributed by Dr. Kirt-
land. It is needless to add that this species is not coarctata ;
it is one which, in a careful review of this genus, should have a
distinct designation.

Many other suggestions, less conclusive, have been presented
in Mr. Wheatley’s collection, but as these suggestions are at
present merely speculative it is unnecessary to dwell upon them.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 87

ON LINGUAL DENTITION STUDIED BY THE MICROSCOPH
AND PHOTOGRAPHY.

BY W. G. BINNEY.

With Note by THomas Buanp.
Plate 11.

Through the kindness of Mr. Sam. Powell, I was enabled,
during a recent visit to Newport, to study in a most satisfactory
way the lingual dentition of many species of terrestrial mollusks.
The method adopted by Mr. Powell is to use the microscope
together with the photograph. ‘The result is extremely gratify-
ing. The picture obtained fixes forever the character of the
dentition and enables us to study it at our leisure. It also re-
moves all the uncertainty of the ordinary figures, for we have
the actual photograph instead of a representation of the teeth
as they appear to an observer. This latter point is of extreme
value now that it has been shown how little reliance can be
placed on many of the published figures of lingual dentition.

I do not propose at this time to speak of the method employed
in taking the photographs. That is well understood by the
microscopist and photographer. My intention is simply to call
attention to the subject, and suggest a very satisfactory way of
pursuing a very difficult study. I will add, however, that by
using the negatives with the magic lantern, a still more valuable
method is obtained.

The specimens figured were loaned me by Mr. Bland. Fig. 1
represents a portion of the lingual membrane of Pupa palanga,
showing one-half of several transverse series of teeth.

Fig. 2 shows the jaw of Cylindrella rosea. It will be observed
that the edges are in places folded over.

Norr.—The objects shown in the accompanying figures are
extremely interesting, not only in themselves, but as evidence

38 AMERICAN JOURNAL

of the value for purposes of classification, of a knowledge of the
lingual dentition of mollusks.

Imperfect acquaintance with the form of the teeth, and assumed
absence of a jaw in Cylindrella, induced distinguished authors to
place that genus in alliance with the vermivorous Testacellea.
My late discovery, (Amer. Journ. Conch. iv, 186) of the jaw,
with a more perfect knowledge of the teeth, negatives such an
arrangement. Well, indeed, may Crosse (Journ. de Conch.,
Jan., 1869, p. 111,) remark, ‘ Voila done la classification pro-
posée pour les Cylindrelles, par MM. Morch, Albers, Von Mar-
tens, A. Schmidt, ete., totalement coulée a fond !’’

Pupa palanga, Less., from the form of shell alone, the animal
being unknown, has been placed in Pupa, but evidently belongs
rather to Hnnea, the teeth of which (#. bicolor) are described
by Guppy, (Ann. and Mag. N. H., Jan., 1866,) as “slender,
somewhat hooked.’’ I found one example of P. palanga with
the animal, among shells sent to the Brooklyn Historical Society
from the Mauritius, by Captain Pike, the United States Con-
sul. The lingual ribbon photographed was obtained by me from
that specimen. I did not find a jaw, and from the Testacella-
like form of teeth believe that none existed.

I may add that I have placed many microscopic preparations
of jaws and teeth of Cylindrella, teeth of P. palanga, &e., at
the disposal of my valued correspondent M. Crosse, for publi-

cation in the Journal de Conchyliologie.
T. BLAND.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 39

DESCRIPTIONS OF MIOCENE, EOCENE, AND CRETACEOUS
SHELLS.

BY T. A. CONRAD.

Miocene Species.

PECTINIDA.
PECTEN, Linn.
P. CERINUS, Conrad.—PI. 2, fig. 2.
Description.—Subovate, extremely thin, compressed; ears
equal; right valve radiately ribbed; ribs very slightly raised

and rounded ; surface ornamented by minute, close divaricating
lines, left valve without ribs.

Locality.—St. Charles Co., Md. Prof. Cope.

CALLISTA, Adams, (not Poli).
C. VIRGINIANA, Conrad.—PI. 2, fig. 1.

Description.—Ovate, convex, very inequilateral, substance
moderately thick; lunule long, lanceolate, defined by two slight
grooves and distinctly carinated line; the inner impressed line
minute; these two impressed lines form the raised line which
does not rise above the surface of the shell; summit obtuse;
posterior side produced, subcuneiform; ventral margin rounded
profoundly ; posterior extremity obtusely rounded; umbonal
slope terminal, suddenly rounded; posterior area depressed
opposite the umbo, and inferiorly flattened.

Locality. Petersburg, Va.

ARCIDA.
SCAPHARCA, Gray.
S. TENUICARDO, Conrad.—PI. 2, fig. 4.
Description.—EHlongate-ovate, ventricose; ribs about 24 to

40 AMERICM® JOURNAL

the umbonal slope, which is angular; ribs narrow and divided
by a longitudinal sulcus, intervening spaces wider than the ribs ;
posterior area obliquely depressed; ribs about seven in number,
flattened and little prominent; posterior end obliquely truncated ;
hinge area wide, with many closely arranged subangular im-
pressed lines; cardinal plate very narrow, almost linear; teeth
small, nearly obsolete.

Locality.—Talbot Co., Md. Prof. Cope.
I am indebted to Mr. Gabb for the above species, as well as
Capsa parilis.
SAXICAVA, Bellevue.
S. rnsita, Conrad.

Description.—Trapezoidal; posterior hinge margin straight,
long and slightly oblique; end margin truncated and slightly
oblique, extremity sharply angular; umbonal slope angular.

Locality.—Kastern Shore, Maryland. Prof. Cope.

This small smooth species was found in abundance, perforating
a fragment of the large Pecten Jeffersonius. It has bored
entirely through the shell, and the valves may be seen from the
small round or oval holes on the interior side of the Pecten.
Length one-sixth inch.

CAPSA, Brug.
C. PARILIS, Conrad.—PI. 2, fig. 3.

Deseription.—Subtriangular, equilateral, ventricose; right
valve irregular on the surface, concentrically rugose-striated ;
anterior and posterior sides nearly equal in size, rounded on the
margins.

Locality.—Eastern Shore of Maryland. Prof. Cope.

Hocene Species.

' PEOTINID ZL.

PECTEN, Linn.

P. KNEISKERNI, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 18.

Description.—Ovate, convex, ribs 13, convex, little prominent ;
anterior and posterior submargins without ribs; ears equal.

(Cast).
Locality.—Shark River, N. J.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 41

CRASSA TELLIDA.
CRASSATELLA, Lam.
C. LITTORALIS, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 3.

Description.—Subovate, inequilateral, convex, anterior margin
regularly rounded; posterior end truncated, direct; ventral
margin curved ; surface sculptured by numerous impressed lines,
obsolete posteriorly ; inner margin minutely crenulated. (Cast.)

Loeality.x—Shark River, N. J.

CRASSINA? Lam.
C.? vera, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 5.

Description.—Triangular, inequilateral, convex: posterior
dorsal margin straight and oblique: anterior extremity angular
and situated much above the line of the ventral margin, which is
crenulated within ; cardinal pit under the apex of the left valve,
triangular, wide, oblique. (Cast).

Locality.—Shark River, N. J.

BUCARDIID.
_ BUCARDIA.
B. veta, Conrad.—Pl. 1, fig. 2.

Description. Rounded, inequilateral, profoundly ventricose ;
summits prominent, rounded ; anterior margin obtusely rounded ;
posterior and ventral margins forming a nearly regular curve.

Locality.—Shark River, N. J.

CARYATIS, Romer.
C. DELAWARENSIS, Gabb.—PI. 1, fig. 6.

Description.—Subovate, ventricose, very inequilateral, umbo
and beaks oblique; posterior hinge margin oblique and slightly
curved; posterior end obtusely rounded.

Locality.—Shark River, N. J.

I referred this cast erroneously to Cyprina Morrissii, but for-
tunately I obtained a mould of the hinge which proves it to be
a Caryatis.

42 AMERICAN JOURNAL

CARDIIDA.
: PROTOCARDIA, Beyrich.
P. curta, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 1.

Description.—Subquadrate, equilateral, ventricose; summits
very prominent; umbonal slope angular; posterior slope de-
pressed, margin slightly oblique, subemarginate or straight ;
ventral margin minutely crenulated. (Cast).

Locality.—Shark River.

This genus, common in the Cretaceous strata, is comparatively
rare in Hocene and Oligocene, is absent in the Miocene, and
only one recent species has been discovered,—C. Beecheri—odd
valves of which were dredged up froma depth of 40 fathoms,
one valve in the Yellow Sea.

CARDIUM?
C.

Pl. — fig. 21.
An imperfect cast, with fine ribs and crenulated margin.
Locality.x—Shark River, N. J.

ONUSTID.
ONUSTUS, Humph.
O. ANNosus, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 4.

Description.—Rather elevated; volutions five, rounded, slightly
channelled at top, and sculptured with revolving lines, which are
obliquely crossed by others, giving the cast a rugoso-tubercu-
lated aspect; lines on the last volution 5 or 6 in number;
periphery acute.

Locality.—Shark River, N. J.

TEREBRATULIDA.
TEREBRATULA.
T. gLossa, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 22.

Description.—Oblong, sub-ovate, ventricose; biplicated; ven-
tral valve flattened medially and with a nearly straight outline
throughout ; lateral margins towards the base obliquely trun-
cated ; basal margin obtusely rounded.

Locality.—N. Jersey.

Observations.—This shell is nearly allied to 7. biplicata, but
differs in the nearly straight line of the ventral valve, and in

OF CONCHOLOGY. 43

the oblique area of the foraminal portion of the beak. It is an
Eocene species; the former Cretaceous.

Cretaceous species (Crosswick’s group.)
INOCERAMUS, Sowerby.
I. PECULIARIS, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 13.

Description.—Subequilateral; ? convex, posterior margin
rectilinear, very oblique, extremity angular; ribs prominent,
concentric.

Locality.—Crosswicks, N. J.
A single fragment is all I have seen of this peculiar species.

CRASSA TELLIDA.
CRASSATELLA, Lam.
C. prorA, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 8.

Deseription.—Triangular, length much greater than the
height, subequilateral, slightly ventricose; anterior end regu-
larly rounded, and nearly equal to the posterior, which is trun-
cated; beaks prominent, umbonal slope rounded, undefined ;
surface marked by concentric furrows (cast).

Locality.—Crosswicks, N. J.

VETOCARDIA CRENALIRATA, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 23.
Astarte corbicula, Amer. Journ. Conch. vol. iii, p. 12.
Locality.— Haddonfield, N. J.

ARCIDEA.
TRIGONARCA, Conrad.
T. passa, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 17.

Description.—Subovate, elongated, inequilateral, ventricose,
anterior end regularly rounded ; umbonal slope sharply angular ;
posterior slope depressed, concave ; surface minutely and ob-
soletely radiated ; beaks distant from the anterior margin: pos-
terior extremity truncated or slightly emarginated.

Locality.—Crosswicks, N. J.

GONIOSOMA, Conrad.

An equivalve bivalve with prominent beaks and entire
pallial line? the muscular impressions terminal, posterior one
round ; hinge (in the cast) with two prominent cardinal teeth,

44 AMERICAN JOURNAL

and a long anterior lateral tooth, parallel with the hinge margin
above it in the right valve.
G. INFLATA, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 10.

Description.—Length slightly more than height; anterior
ventral margin subtruncated; beaks very prominent; umbonal
slope angular; posterior slope depressed, with a furrow behind

the angle of the umbonal slope; posterior margin truncated,
direct.

Locality.—Crosswicks, N. J.

The anterior end of the lateral tooth is very little above the
cicatrix and extends half way across its upper margin.

NUCULANIDA.
NUCULARIA, Conrad.
N. papyria, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 7.

Description.—Shell smooth, oblong-oval, not pearly, thin, an-
terior hinge margin oblique, teeth angular, end tooth of the pos-
terior line complicated.

Locality.— Haddonfield, N. Jersey.

ARCIDA.
AXINEA, Poli.
A. Morton, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 14.
Cast, alluded to by Morton, synopsis, p. 64, No. 3.
Locality.—Crosswicks, N. Jersey.

TELLINIDZE.
CY PRIMERIA, Conrad.
C. spissa, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 9.
A cast of a comparatively short, thick, subequilateral species.
Locality.—Crosswicks, N. J.

DENTALITIDA.
DENTALIUM, Linn.
D. FALcATUM, Conrad.—PI. 1, fig. 12, 16.

Description.—Faleate, smooth, somewhat expanding towards
the base.

Locality.—Crosswicks, N. J.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 45

This much curved form is peculiar to the cretaceous formation.
There is one other similar species in India—D. hamatum.

NATICIDA.
LUNATIA ? Gray.

L. oBTUSIVOLVA, Gabb.—PI. 1, fig. 11 (Gyrodes, Gabb), Pro-
ceed. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1861, p. 321.

CANCELLARIIDA.

TURBINOPSIS Conrad.
T. DEPRESSA, Gabb.—Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1861, p. 321.
Locality.—Crosswicks, N. Jersey.

CERITHIID & ?
Pl. 1, fig. 15.

This cast cannot be referred to any known genus, unless to
Torcula.

VOLUTIDA.
Pl. 1, fig. 20.

A common form in the lower beds, too imperfect to charac-
terize.

Locality.—N. Jersey.

My apology for publishing the above casts of shells is that
they characterize the lower beds of the eastern Cretaceous, in

which I believe no shell has yet been found with the substance
preserved,

46° AMERICAN JOURNAL

OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS ASTARTE, WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE OTHER GENERA OF CRAS-
SATELLIDZ.

BY T. A. CONRAD.

Sowerby described his genus Astarte from Oolitic shells of
which he had specimens not well representing the hinge char-
acter. In a collection of shells from the Great Oolite, pre-
sented to the Academy by Dr. Wilson, are specimens labelled
in England, of A. elegans, A. lurida and others, in which the
hinge character is well exhibited. I propose to give a new
diagnosis of the genus, and to figure the hinges of A. lurida and
A. elegans, which prove the genus to be distinct from Crassina,
Lam. Astarte, as thus defined, became extinct at the close of
the Lower Green Sand epoch, at least so far as our knowledge
of the cardinal character of simulating forms extends. The
hinges of the species figured by Pictet and Roux, from the “ Gres
Vert,’’ near Geneva, are not figured or described, and therefore
the shells are but conjectural members of Astarte.

ASTARTE, Sowerby.

Hinge character. Cardinal plate broad; cardinal teeth two in
each valve; anterior cardinal margin raised into a distinct lateral
tooth as long as the lunule in the right valve, which fits into a
corresponding furrow on the opposite valve; posterior lateral
tooth or elevated margin in the right valve elongated ; furrow in
the opposite valve broad, resembling that of Unio.

A. LuRIDA, Sowerby.—PI. 9, fig. 2.
A ELEGANS, Sowerby.—Pl. 9, fig. 13.

In the Chalk period and its equivalents no hinge has been de-
scribed or figured answering to the typical Astarte, but there
are intermediate forms between Crassatella and Astarte which
make a complete chain of genera in the family.

LIRODISC US, Conrad.

Equivalve; disk concentrically ribbed ; posterior side lobed by
an impressed line; hinge with two cardinal teeth in each valve;
right valve with a small pyramidal lateral tooth near the an-
terior cicatrix; left valve with the same posteriorly and distant

OF CONCHOLOGY. 47

from the cardinal teeth; posterior hinge plate broad and entire
in the left valve.

It is probable that the Cretaceous A. sinwata, d’Orbigny, is a
species of this genus, as the external character is very similar.

ASTARTE TELLINOIDES, Conrad. Eocene.

A peculiarity of L. tellinoides is that the broad flat surface
of the posterior cardinal tooth is rugoso-striate transversely.
This genus is a link between Crassatella and Astarte.

RADIOCONCHA, Conrad.

Compressed, inequilateral, radiated; hinge without a distinct
cardinal pit.

CRASSATELLA GUERANGERI, d’Orbigny.

C. RoBInaLDINA, d’Orbigny.

This genus, though nearly allied to Crassatella, is sufficiently
distinct in hinge and sculpture. It existed only in the Cretaceous
period.

PACHYTH RUS, Conrad.

This genus of fossil shells is closely allied to Crassatella. The
pit behind the cardinal tooth of the right valve is generally much
wider than in Crassatella, and there is a small pit behind the
posterior cardinal tooth of the left valve not seen in Crassatella,
while the inner margin of all the species is densely though finely
crenulated. This character marks every species down to the
Eocene, inclusive. In the Miocene species the margin is entire,
and generally so in the recent, although two or three have
subtuberculiform, much larger crenulations than any of the
fossils. This difference in’ character between the fossil and
recent species is very obvious, and in the Cretaceous species the
comparatively smaller cartilage pit and the large triangular pit
under it give the hinge a very different aspect from that of the
Miocene and recent species of Crassatella ; but in the elongated
Kocene forms this character is less obvious, and is nearly the
same as in the living genus Crassatella. Type, Crassatella
Vindiemensis, d’Orbigny.

According to the above generic character the genus Crassatella
originated in the Miocene Period.

CRASSATELLA PTEROPSIS, Gabb, not Conrad.

Mr. Gabb described this species in Part iv, 2d series of Journ.
Acad. Nat. Se. by the same name as a species I described in the
same No. Both are from the Ripley Group, Mr. Gabb’s species
from Tennessee and Alabama. I think Mr. Gabb’s shell is the
young of pteropsis, Conrad. I found it at Haddonfield, of a

48 AMERICAN JOURNAL

much smaller size than the Mississippi specimen, and a great
deal shorter in proportion.

SCAMBULA, Conrad.

Hinge with two approximate teeth in the right valve, the pos-
terior one direct and ending at the apex; a long anterior double
tooth parallel with the straight cardinal line ; anterior muscular
impression small, rounded.

S. PERPLANA.—PI. 9, figs. 7, 8.

Description.—Elongated, triangular, flat ; disk uneven, faintly
striated concentrically; a few prominent, fine concentric ribs on
the umbo; anterior margin obliquely truncated ; posterior dorsal
margin concave; apex acute, perfectly erect.

Locality. —Haddonfield, N. J.

This singular shell is perfectly flat on the disk, so that the
space for the animal was exceedingly small. The ventral mar-
gin is carinated anteriorly, and the inner surface of the valves is
granulated.

GOULDIA.
G. DECEMNARIA.—PI. 9, fig. 4.

Description.—Minute, inequilateral, convex, with about 12

concentric prominent ribs.

Locality.— Haddonfield, N. J.
G. DECLIVIS.—PI. 9, fig. 5.

Description.—Minute, triangular, compressed, equilateral,
summit acute ; posterior extremity angular ; disk with numerous
very regular, close concentric lines.

Locality. —Uaddonfield, N. J.

VETOCARDIA, Conrad.

Trapezoidal or subtriangular, costate; hinge character—one
thick pyramidal tooth under the apex of the right valve, either
direct or pointing obliquely backwards, a pit on each side; left
valve—one long very oblique tooth, directed backwards, and a
pit anterior to it.

A small species of this genus in the Ripley Cretaceous, near
Haddonfield, New Jersey, has enabled me to obtain a perfect
hinge of both valves. The valves in this genus are sculptured
with radiating or concentric ribs, and none have been found as
much as one inch in length. The genus is known only in Creta-
ceous strata, and is easily recognized by external form and
sculpture.

V. CRENALIRATA, Conrad, (Astarte), Jour. A. N. S. 2d series,

vol. iv, pl. 46, fig. 22.

V. corbicula ? Conrad.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 4g

NOTICES AND REVIEWS

OF

NEW CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS.

BY GEO. W. TRYON, JR.

I.— AMERICAN.

Museum Arangianum. Catalogue of the extra-Cuban species of Mol-
lusks in the Collection of D. Rafel Arango. 8vo. Havana, Cuba, Dec.
1868. 20 pp.

The Canadian Journal of Science, Literature and Arts. XII.
No. 1. Toronto, 1868.

Molluscous Animals. No. 3. By Ruv. Pror. HIncks.

In this paper the author commences to review the classifica-
tion of the Gasteropoda. :

Geological Survey of Illinois. A. H. Worraen, Director. Vol. 3.
Geology (by A. H. Worruen), and Paleontology (by F. B. Meek and A.
H. WorTHEN). 4to. Springfield, Ils. 1868.

We do not consider ourselves competent to review the geolo-
gical part of this work, and it is out of our province to do so;
we therefore leave this duty to others who are better qualified.

A somewhat hasty examination of the paleontological portion
of the report enables us to allude to it only on terms of un-
qualified praise. Whatever Mr. Meek undertakes in this line is
sure to be done carefully and accurately.

Most of the descriptions of new species have been published
within the past few years in the Philadelphia and Chicago
Academies’ Proceedings. The illustrations from drawings by Mr.
Meek are numerous and generally excellently engraved on
steel. The volume is in every respect a credit to its authors,
engravers, printers, and to the enlightened public sentiment
which has prompted its preparation and publication at the ex-
pense of the State. .

4

50 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History. Pp. 145—160. 1868.

Prof. Bickmore exhibited a specimen of Nautilus pompilius
in alcohol, collected by him at Amboina, which is the only speci-
men ever brought to this country. It has been commonly believed
that the Nautilus occasionally rises to and swims on the surface
of the water, but after repeated inquiries of the natives, Prof.
B. became satisfied that the animal never rises from the bed of
the sea. The Malays collect them for food.

Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History. IX. Nos. 1—4. New
York. 1868.
Notes on certain Terrestrial Mollusca, with description of
new species. By Tuomas Buanp.

This paper details the interesting discovery of the presence of
a jaw in the animal of various species of Cylindrellide, so that
Crosse’s genus Hucalodium, originally separated from the family
on account of the presence of the jaw, must now revert to it again.

Prof. Gabb’s Cyl. Newcombiana, published in this Journal iii,
287, t. 16, f. 3—4, belongs to the genus Hucalodium, which will
embrace the large Mexican species. Gabb’s name, however, is
a synonym, as the same species was described by Pfeiffer, Proc.
Zool. Soc., 1861, 27, t. 2, f. 7, as Clausilia (Balea ?) Taylori.

Descriptions of Twelve New Species of Unionidze from South
America, &c., &c. By Isaac Lea, L.L.D. 8vo.,32 pp. Phila. 1868.

This paper contains reprints of all of Mr. Lea’s papers, (14
in number), published in the Proceedings of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, from March 1866 to June
1868.

II.—FOREIGN.

ENGLISH.

Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology. Vol. 10. No. 38. London.
1868.

On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Tunicata. By
Atpany Hancock, F.L.S.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 4th Series. Vol. 2. No.
8. London. Aug., 1868,

On Spirifer cuspidatus. By Dr. W. B. CARPENTER.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 51

On Oliva auricularie, Lam., O. aquatilis, Reeve, and 0.
auricularia, D’Orb. By F. P. Marrat.

The author endeavors to unravel the snarl into which these
species had become involved. He believes that the second is a
synonym of the first, and that D’Orbigny’s species, being distinct,
not only from the true auricularia with which it was confounded
by D’Orbigny, but also from biplicata, Sowb., with which it has
been more recently confounded, should receive the name of its
discoverer, D’ Orbignyt. Lamarck’s species is African, the other
South American.

No. 9. September, 1868.

On a point relating to the Histology of Rhynchonella. By
Pror. W. KIN@.

On some new species of Oliva. By F. P. Marat.

O. lignaria, Borneo. O. notata, Loc.—?
O. sabulosa, Loc.—? O. exilis, South America.
O. angustata, China. O. pulehra, Loc.—?

No. 10. October, 1868.

On the typical value of the Lingual Dentition in the right
distribution of the genera of Gasteropoda into Natural
Groups and Families. By Joun D. Macponatp, M.D.

This is an attempt to show that dentition is a sure guide in
classification, provided only those species are included, in families
where the type of dentition is identical—and that, per contra, the
discredit that has been cast on this method of classification origi
nated in the fact that Conchologists have persisted in grouping
together genera and species in which the dentition is totally dis-
tinct. Dr. Macdonald is right in both premises, but we think
that his paper will not answer the purpose for which it was de-
signed, for the lists of two families arranged by dentition will be
sufficient of themselves to demonstrate to all Conchologists the
impropriety of uniting in one family mollusca so very dissimilar,
merely because they are alike in one character.

On the structure of the Shells of Brachiopoda. By. Dr.
Wo. B. CARPENTER.

Last Report on Dredging among the Shetland Islands. By
J. Gwyn JEFFREYS.

This paper contains a valuable list of seventy-five species of
Mollusca, usually considered northern, which are common to the
North Sea and the Mediterranean, with their principal synonyms;

52 AMERICAN JOURNAL

in which a large number of species are reduced to the rank of
synonyms.

No. 11. Nov., 1868.

Remarks upon Mr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys’ last Dredging Re-
port. By R. MacAnpRew.

On the species of Cecide, Corbulide, Volutide, Cancella-
riide, and Patellide, found in Japan. By ARTHUR
ADAMS.

Note on Dr. Macdonald’s paper on the Dentition of Gaste-
ropods. By Dr. J. E. Gray.

‘“T think that Dr. Macdonald has committed an error that is
common to young naturalists—has mistaken an analogy for an
affinity. The form of the lateral teeth of the odontophore is,
no doubt, a good specific (?) (and may be generic) character, but
I think that Dr. Macdonald’s table proves that it is not the
character of a family. The character of a family should be
derived from the consideration of the whole animal—its form, the
form and development of the teeth, and the form of the shell and
operculum; and not from any one character, such as the form of
the lateral lingual tecth, especially if it brings together in one
family such a series of incongruous genera and separates nearly
allied genera as they are separated in Dr. Macdonald’s list.
Therefore, I cannot agree with him that “the lingual dentition
appears to be the only appeal,” or that the best means for
arranging the genera and families is according to the form of
the lateral teeth. I think if any one will consult Dr. Mac-
donald’s plate, he must perceive that the lateral teeth gradually
pass from one form to the other; and I cannot conceive any
reason why all the forms figured may not belong to the genera
of one family.”’

Note on Pompholyx, Lea, anew family of Fluviatile Mol-
lusca. By Dr. J. HE. GRay.

This article appears to have been written very hastily—so
much so, in fact, as to make one incredulous as to whether the
writer really read understandingly the paper by Mr. Dall, pub-
lished in the California Proceedings, on which his note is founded.
In the first place 1 object to Dr. Gray’s title; he has not used
the family termination of zde. Secondly, Mr. Dall did not pro-
pose a new family but a sub-family name. I wonder that Dr.
Gray should make such mistakes, especially as he proceeds to
quote Mr. Dall’s name Pompholinz, which has the proper sub-
family termination. ‘The existence of the second pair of eyes

OF CONCHOLOGY. 53

is an anomaly in terrestrial mollusca, and requires confirma-
tion.” Who said that Pompholyx was a terrestrial mollusk? It
is fluviatile. Prof. Gabb assures me that the animal has two
pairs of eyes, as described, but I think with Dr. Gray that
black spots have been mistaken for eyes. I object also to the
word ‘‘fluviatile’”’ being applied to Auriculade, and would re-
mark that if Dr. Gray had seen the shell of the animal he criti-
cizes he would never have suspected it to belong to the Auricu-
lade. Except in the matter of eyes, the animal appears to be
a true Lymnzan, both by general appearance, habitat and shell.

Dredging among the Shetland Isles. Note. By J. Gwyn
JEFFREYS.

On the Jaw of Cylindrella. By T. Buanp, (in a letter to
Dr. J. H. Gray.)

This announcement is identical, as to facts, with the recent
paper with figures published by Mr. Bland in this Journal.

Proceedings Zoological Society. London. 1868. Part 1.

Further descriptions of new species of Shells collected at
Mauritius by Geoffrey Nevill, Esq. By Henry ADAms.

Stomatia variegata, Gibbus Barelayt,

Discus vorticella, “< productus.

Nanina cernica, Thyreopsis n. g. (Galeommide.)
Pupa exigua, s coralliophila.

Gibbus Mondraini.

Descriptions of some new mee of Land and Marine Shells.
By Henry ADAMS.

Macrochlamys tenuicula, Bombay.

Glessula fusca,

Vitrina Angast, Capengo, W. Africa.
Nanina suleifera, Barclay MSS. Mauritius.
Gibbus clavulus, Mauritius.

Palaina Coxi, Norfolk Isld.

Diplommatina minuta, Hab.—?

Pelopia (n. g. Anatinide) brevifrons, Hab.—

Description of six new species of Shells. By Epwarp
THomas Hiearns.

Cyprea castanea, South-east Africa. Helix Farris, Peru.
Bulimus rubrovariegatus, Peru. Mycetopus faleatus, Brazil.
inl * lamasiPera:

Nanina DeCrespignii, Labnon.

54 AMERICAN JOURNAL
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part 2. London.
1868.
Description of a new species of Helix from South Australia.
By Georce Frencu ANGAs.
Helix Silveri, South America.

Notes on some of the species of Land Mollusca inhabiting
Mauritius and the Seychelles. By Guorrrey NEVILL.

Description of some new species of Shells collected by Geof-
Frey Nevill, Hsq., at Mauritius, the Isle of Bourbon, and
the Seychelles. By Henry ADAms.

Conus Bourbonicus, Vertigo Borbonica,
Nevillia (N. G. Rissoide, Gibbus Deshayesii,

ee pecta, ‘ Morelets,

“lucida, “ eylindrellus,
Stylifer speciosus, Ennea Nevill,
Nanina Geoffreyt, Cyathopoma Blanfordi,
Discus serratus, Omphalotropis Borbonica,
Acicula Mauritiana, Serobicularia (Capsa) rostrata.

Descriptions of some new species of Shells, chiefly from Ceylon.
By Henry ADAMs.

Plicifer (N. G. Styliferide), Corbula (Azara) rostrata.
“ Nevilli, Nanina Power,
Cyclostrema Nevill, Cyclophorus Layardi.
y A: CM
ms subdisjuncta.

A review of the species of the Genera Melo and Cymba of
Broderip. By 'T. G. Ponton.

The author believes JZ. ducalis, M. umbilicata, M. Georginice
and M. diadema, to be identical. He also believes C. poreina
of Lamarck to be the same as C. proboscidalis and C. patula,
Brod., the young of C. Neptund.

A few years since, when arranging the specimens in the
Museums of the Academy of Natural Sciences, I arrived at the
same conclusions, except as to the last, (patula) of which we had
no specimen,

Conchologia Iconica. Parts 274, 275. 4to. London. 1868.
Unito.—Plates 85 to 93. Sept., 1868.
The great improvement in identification of the species noticed

in our last review of this monograph still continues. The color
of the epidermis of Monocondylea rhomboidea is too light in the

OF CONCHOLOGY. 55,

plate, unless it is intended to represent a badly worn specimen.
Unio folliculatus is not by any means allied to Shepardianus,
but belongs to a group the typical species of which is U. Fish-
eTlanus.

TELLINA.—Plate 45. Sept., 1868.
T. elevata, Sowerby. West Indies.

‘* cuneolus, *é Coromandel.
‘© armata, ss Hab.— ?

“« equistriata, ‘ By

** striatessima, ** 6

GALATEA.—Six plates (complete). Sept., 1868.
G. biangulata, Sowerby. Hab.— ?

“ triangularis, ‘

‘

Conchologia Iconica. Parts 276,277. London. 1868.
Unio.—Plates 94, 96 and 1. Completing the genus.

U. scutum, Benson. Tenasserim.
66 parma, 66 6s

Mr. Sowerby says of U. Churchilleanus, Bourg., ‘ Almost a
Monocondylea’’—Quite: belongs to the same group as J.
rhombovdea.

This monograph is now completed—with 825 species, a num-
ber smaller than those indigenous to North America alone.
AKERKA—1 plate.
DoLABELLA.—2 plates.
D. elongata, Sowb., Seychelles.
DoLABRIFERA.—1 plate.
D. vitrea, Sowb., Fiji Isles.
TELLINA.—Plates 46—54.
T. producta, Sowb. Hong Kong.
“ Myeformis, Sowerby. Coromandel.

** obtusa, Ins. St. Thomas.
“* Belcheri, ee Hab.— ?

* ensiformis, gs Australia.

** glabrella, Desh. Hab.—?

‘* Fijensis, Sowerby. ‘Fiji Isles.

** crebrimaculata, ‘ on ik

“* plena, a Hab.—?

‘“* ammaculata, Phil. Sandwich Isles.

.

‘ Mactraformis, Sowb. Australia.
** succined, Manilla.

56 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Catalogue of the Mollusca in the Collection of the Government
Central Museum, Madras. By Capt. J. Mircuett, Superintendent.
8 vo., 78 pp. Madras. 1867.

This Catalogue is published for the triple purpose of “ afford-
ing a guide to the collection; of making known its deficiencies
(which are many) ; and to show what the Museum has to offer in
exchange for shells not yet in the collection. The number of
speeies enumerated is about two thousand. In consequence
probably of careless proof-reading, a large proportion of the
names are mis-spelled.

FRENCH.
Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. Paris. Oct., 1868.

Mollusques nouveauz, litigieux ou peu connus. By M.
Boureuienat. (Continued).

Zonites Issericus, Letourneux. Algiers.
Helix Faidherbiana, ES eh is

“© Djebbarica, £6

‘¢ Tlemeenensis, As ee
Ferussacia Oranensis, ne .

as diodonta, ss A
Clausilia Davidiana, < Syria.

~ prophetarum, ‘* es

To this paper is adjoined a synonymical list of the Syrian
Clausiliz.
No. 11. Paris. 1868.

Mollusques nouveauz, litigieux ou peu connus. By M. J.
R. Boureuienat.

Claustlia Gaudryi, Beyrut.

Bargesi, #
Os Judaica, “
Dutaillyana, *
ge Pheniciaca, *
a sancta, e
Z- Hierosolymitana, Jerusalem.

Pomatias atlanticus, Letourneux. Kabylia.
Melanopsis Penchinati, Bourg. Aragon, Spain.

Erpetologie Malacologie et Paleontologie des Environs du Mont-
Blanc. By M. Venance Payor. 8 vo.,68 pp. Lyons. 1864.

Not quite one-half of this work is occupied with a list (with

fod

OF CONCHOLOGY. 57

synonyms and localities) of the Mollusca. The most interesting
facts are those regarding the altitudes at which the species are
found.

Journal de Conchyliologie. 3d Ser., IX., No.1. Paris. January, 1869.
(112 pp. of text and three plates.

Catalogue des Nudibranches et Cephalopodes des cétes ocean-
iques de la France. (1st Supplement.) By P. Fiscusr.

Eolis grossularia. Holis conspersa.

Note sur une nouvelle espéce de Sepia des cotes de France.
By A. Larort.

Sepia Filliouzi.
Note sur quelques Coquilles de la Nowvelle-Caledonie, et
Description d especes nouvelles. By EK. Martz.
Cyprea Crosser. Cyprea Noumeensis.

Descriptions de deux nouvelles espéces d’ Helix d’ Espagne.
By Dr. J. G. H1pALeo.

Heliz Hbusitana. Helix Bosce.

Note sur le Melaniella Pichardi et ? Helicina Node, Arango.
By H. Crosse.

Description d espeéces inédites provenant de la Nouvelle-Calé-
donie. By H. Crosse.

Hydrocena Caledonica. Helicina Lifouana.
Helix Ferrieziana.

Diagnosis Molluscorum novorum Guatemale et Reipublice
Mexicane. By H. Crosse and P. FIscuer.

Genus Streptostyla, (from Sprrazis.)

S. Binneyana, SS. Sololensis,

‘“« Edwardsiana, “* cornea,

“ Sallez, ** Bocourtt,

** cingulata, “* Glandiniformis,

“© Blandiana, Genus Petenia, type,

“© Boyeriana, . Glandina ligulata, Morel.
“* fulvida,

Catalogue des Cyprea de la Nowvelle-Calédonie et Des-
cription d’especes nouvelles. By H. Crosse.

C. Caledonica. C. Bregeriana.

58

AMERICAN JOURNAL

Description @un Bulimus nouveau de la republique de
l Equateur. By J. G. Hidalgo.

Bul. visendus.

Description de deux Hélices nouvelles de Corse. By H.
Crosse and O. DEBEAUX.

HZ. insularis. Hi. Cenestinensis.

Description de quelques nouvelles especes terrestres de divers
points de Pocean Pacifique et del Australie. By ALBERT
Mouvsson.

Zonites Stranget, Australia.
Patula biretracta, 3

Helix Pelewana, Ins. Pelew.

“ informis, Australia.

Bulimus Ouveanus, Dotzauer. Ins. Ouvea.
Bul. palmarum, N. Hebrides.
Laimodonta Anaaensis, Paumotus.
Ophicardelus irregularis, Wollongong.
; o minor, ee
Helicina Anaaensis, Paumotus.
Hydrocena Raiateensis, Ins. Society.
Truncatella arctecostata, Paumotus.

Diagnoses Molluscorum novorum. By H. Crosse.

Bul. Souvillei, Morelet. New Caledonia.
Melanopsis Mariet, Crosse. a
ce Dumbeensis,
Description Wesprces inédites de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. By
J. B. Gassizs.

6<

Helix Lalannet, Auricula Hanleyana,

Bulimus as 2 oi _ Z ae
ss Bacoee . Molanopsis elegans,

baie priate Hydrocena Croseana
:
a ele Truncatella ee

Auricula Binneyana,

Description de nouveaux Brachiopodes du terrain tertiare
du sud-est de la France. By P. Fiscuer.

Descriptions de Coquilles Fossiles des terrains tertiares su-
périeurs. (Continued.) By C. Mayer.

OF CONCHOLOGY. , 59

Description du nouveau genre Pyrgidium et de deux especes
fossiles des terrains d'eau douce du départment de la Cote-
d- Or. By M. R. Tournovrnr.

Bibliographie. Necrologie. Nouvelles.

GERMAN.

Novitates Conchologicz. Supplement III. Nos. 12 and 13. (Mono-
graph of Venus, L., with six colored plates.)
The present issue is occupied by an account of the species
of Dione, by Dr. Edward Romer.

Martini and Chemnitz’s Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet. Con-
tinued by H. C. Kiister. 187th Part. 4to. 6 colored plates. Niirnberg.
1868.

This work is also now occupied with the Veneride.

Monographia Heliceorum viventium. By Dr. Louis Preirrmr. Vol. V.
(Third Supplement. Vol. 1.) 565 pp. 8vo. Leipzig. 1868.

This volume gives the additional species and synonymy that
have accumulated since the date of the 4th volume, 1859. The
same style of treating the subject and the same artificial classi-
fication is continued, as in the previous monographs. ‘The pre-
sent publication contains the species principally of Helix, of
which the numbers amount to 2833 species, being an increase
of 735 species since 1859, notwithstanding since-discovered
synonyms.

It would be a work of supererogation to write a laudatory
notice of such a work as Pfeiffer’s. Its best recommendation is
that no Conchologist can undertake to study terrestrial shells
without it.

Nachrichtsblatt der deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft.
Nos. land 2. Dec., 1868. No.3. Jan., 1869.

This is a 16-page sheet, issued by a new association intended
to encourage and advance the interests of Malacology among
the Germans and others. It is a vehicle of communication and
a receptacle for stray facts and opinions. It is a sort of Con-
chological ‘‘ Notes and Queries,’”—and as such will doubtless
become of value. There is as yet no attempt to describe new
Species or genera, and we do not know whether or not such
papers are contemplated as a feature of the Magazine.

60 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Novitates Conchologice. Suppl. 3. Monographie der Mollus-
kengattung Venus, Linne. By Dr. Epw. Romer. 14th, 15th Parts,
with 6 colored plates. 4to. Cassel, 1869.

The present issue contains the species (21) of Lioconcha,

Morch, which is treated as a section of Cytherea.

The text is evidently worked out with great care, and the
illustrations are remarkably fine specimens of the art of chromo-
lithography.

Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz.
Continued by H. C, Kisrer, etc. 188th and 189th Parts. Niirnberg.
1868.

The 188th Part commences with a Monograph of. Cardiide,
by Dr. E. Romer. C. costatum is the type of a new section—
Tropidocardium, Romer, and C. aculeatum of another section—
Acanthocardium, Romer. In Isocardia, I. cor is the type of
Tychocardia. There is also a continuation of the monograph of
Cytherea.

Part 189 continues the Muricide and Purpuride, and con-
tains Monographs of Argonauta, Nautilus, Spirula, Lanthina
and Recluzia, by the editor.

a3
Sy

Oph

VALUABLE WORKS ON CONCHOLOGY

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1. American Journal of Conchology, Vol. 1, 1865. Containing 400
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2. American Journal of Conchology, Vol. 2, 1866. Containing 400
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k. TRYON, GEO. W., Jr., Synonymy ofthe Species of Strepoma-
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JONTENTS: Contributions towards a Monography of the Order Pholadacea, with Descriptions of

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longing to the Families Amnicolidx, Vulvatide and Limnexidex, inhabiting California. De-
scriplion of a new Species of Pleurocera. Description of a new Species of Teredo, from New
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This is the only edition of Rafinesque’s Complete Writings ever published, and contains reprints
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8vo. 1860. Printed on fine plate paper. Cloth, $2.00. Paper, $1.75.

7, TRYON, GEO. W., Jr., Monograph of the Order Pholadacea,
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. Notes on the Genera Alaria, Diarthema, Dicroloma, &c.,
being a Supplement to ‘‘An Attempt at a Revision of —
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}. Description of a new Helix from Utah. By Wm. M. Gabb,....

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. Observations on Melantho. By James Lewis, M. D,...............

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8. Descriptions of Miocene, Hocene and Cretaceous Shells.
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10. Notices and Reviews of New Conchological Works, by

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J. American.—Geological Survey of Illinois, by Meek and Worthen. Annals of the ,
New York Lyceum. aie

IL. Forergn.—English—Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Proceedings of the
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French.—Revue et Magazin de Zoologie. Journal de Conchyliologie.

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Conchylien-Cabinet. Rémer’s Monographie der Gattung Venus, ete.

- Published at $10 per Annum—Payable in Advance.

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JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

NEW SERIES.

PUBLISHED BY THE

SONCHOLOGICAL SECTION of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
Orel, 156 va

Wor. V. 1869-70. Part 2.

Meeting April 1st, 1869.
Eight members present.
Dr. W. 8. W. RuscHenserceER, Director, in the Chair.

Donations to the Museum and Library were read.

The following papers were offered for publication and referred
to Committees :—

“‘ Descriptions of new species of Marine Gasteropoda, inhabi-
ting Polynesia ;’’ by Wm. Harper Pease.

“‘ Remarks on Marine Gasteropoda inhabiting the West Coast
of America, with descriptions of two new species;’’ by Wm.
Harper Pease.

“‘ Corrections and Additions to the synonymy of Marine Gas:
teropoda inhabiting Polynesia;’” by Wm. Harper Pease.

“Notes upon the Monograph of the genus Marginella in
Reeve’s Conchologia Iconica ;”” by John H. Redfield.

“‘ Catalogues of the Families Porcellanidz and Amphipera-
side ;” by S. R. Roberts.

G2 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Mr. Tryon announced that our fellow-member, Mr. Wm. M.
Gabb, was making collections for the Section in the Island of
San Domingo.

Meeting May 6th, 1869.
Hight members present.
Dr. W. 8. W. Ruscuenpereer, Director, in the Chair.

A number of additions to the Museum and Library were re-
ported.

The following papers were offered for publication and referred
to Committees :—

‘“‘ Descriptions of New Cretaceous Mollusca ;”’ by T. A. Con-
rad.

‘“¢Notes on Recent Mollusca ;” by T. A. Conrad.

Mr. Conrad remarked that during the period that the im-
mense Saurians lived whose remains are found in New Jersey,
the shells were very fragile, indicating that the waters were still.
The shells of the same period from Mississippi are alike fragile.

Mr. Albany Hancock, of New-castle-upon-Tyne, England,
and Dr. Edward Romer, of Marberg, Hesse, were elected cor-
respondents of the Section.

Meeting June 3d, 1869.
Six members present.
Dr. W. S. W. Ruscnenperaer, Director, in the Chair.

Donations to the Museum and Library were read.

The following papers were read by title and referred to Com-
mittees :—

‘Descriptions of new species of Terrestrial Mollusca from
the Andaman Islands, Indian Archipelago ;” by George W.
Tryon, Jr.

‘“‘ Notices and Review of New Conchological Works ;” by Geo.
W. Tryon, Jr.

The death of Mr. Frederic Cailliaud, of Nantes, late an active
Correspondent of the Section, was announced.

Mr. Tryon exhibited a valve of Pecten wradians, Lam., on
which were growing specimens of Crepidula unguiformis. The
specimen was interesting on account of a recent assertion

made by Dr. J. E. Gray, in the London Zoological Proceedings,

OF CONCHOLOGY. 63

that the species was only a synonym of C. fornicata, and owed
its supposed distinctive characters to its habitation within uni-
valve mollusca. The specimens now shown are true unguifor-
mis, and are growing on the external surface of the Pecten.

Mr. Tryon exhibited specimens of Mercenaria preparea, Say,
and remarked that M. Mortoni, Conrad, and M. fulgurans,
Tryon, had both proved to be synonyms of it, the latter being
the young shell.

Mr. Wm. H. Dall was elected a Correspondent, and Mr.
Charles Wilson Peale a member of the Section.

64 AMERICAN JOURNAL

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF MARINE GASTERO-
POD: INHABITING POLYNESIA.

BY WM. HARPER PEASE.

TEREBRA.

Thirty-two species of the above genus are known to me as
inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands; sixteen of which have not been
found elsewhere. Having made lately a critical examination of
all specimens collected by me, I am able to add nine species to
those previously described.

I discover that the synonymy of 7. Peasii, Desh., as pub-
lished by me, was incorrect. I was led into the error by follow-
ing the name attached to the typical specimens forwarded me.
That species is without doubt a synonym of 7. puncticulata,
Desh., and the species mistaken for it is a variety of 7. Swain-
sonit, Desh., departing so widely from the type that I distinguish
it by a distinct name, as follows:

T. Swainsonii, Desh., var. inflexa, Pease.

The ribs on the type are straight, and interstices, especially
on the upper whorls, faintly and remotely striate transversely.

The ribs on the above variety are flexuous, interstices im-
pressly striate or grooved throughout, and whorls shorter. The
shell is usually longer. The figure and description of T.
Swainsonit in Conch. Icon., are taken from a specimen of the
above variety.

JT. SCULPTILIS, Pease.

T. elongato-turrita, gracilis; anfr. 15, superne costa, nodosa,
conspicua, cingulatis, utrinqgue sulco marginata; anfractibus
concavo-excayatis, longitudinaliter arcuato-striatis, superne
juxta sulcum nodoso-crenulatis; apertura parva, oblonga, colu-
mella contorto-recurva; costa alba, interstitiis pallide straminea.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 65

Long. 25. Diam. 4 mill.
Hab. Insl. Oahu.

Shell elongate turrited, slender; whorls 15, encircled round
the upper part by a conspicuous nodose rib, which is bordered
on either side by a groove, whorls between, concave, finely
arcuate, striate longitudinally and nodosely crenulate above,
next the groove. Color of rib white, remaining portion of the
whorls pale straw color.

Closely allied to 7. nebulosa, Lorois, Jour. de Con. 1858, p.
90, pl. 1, f. 4.

As that name is preoccupied, both by Sowerby and Keiner,
the above will take its place, should it prove to be the same
species.

T. SUFFUSA, Pease.

T. subulata, pallide carneo suffusa; anfractibus, fere planis,
subconvexiusculis, transversim obsolete tenuiter striata, sulco
pertuso superne divisis; sutura subacuta, lacerata; apertura
oblongo-ovata, subeffusa ; columella subrecta, laminata.

Long. 50. Diam. 9 mill.

Hab. Insl. Oahu.

Shell subulate, suffused with pale flesh color; whorls nearly
flat, very slightly convex, transversely obscurely finely striate,
divided at the upper part by a pricked groove; suture somewhat
acute, ragged within; aperture oblong ovate, slightly effuse ;
columella almost straight, laminate.

May be compared with 7. albida, Gray, inhabiting Australia.

T: ROSACEA, Pease.

T. aciculari, gracilis; anfractibus longitudinaliter valde pli-
cato-costatis, interstitiis profunde sulcatis, infra suturam leyi-
bus; apertura oblonga, parva, angusta; columella subrecta ;
costis albidis, interstitiis, columella, aperturaque, rosaceis.

Long. 20. Diam. 4 mill.

Hab. Insl. Oahu.

Shell acicular, slender; whorls longitudinally strongly pli-
cately-ribbed, interstices deeply grooved, except a short space
beneath the suture, which is smooth; aperture narrow, oblong,
small; columella nearly straight; ribs whitish, interstices, colu-
mella, aperture rose pink.

Approaches 7. roseata, Ad. and Rve. It is more slender,
ribs larger, different in color, and interstices between the ribs
grooved, instead of clathrated. The latter character, however,
is altered in * Con. Icon.” from the original, which, however, is

66 AMERICAN JOURNAL

frequently the case throughout that work. The aperture, also,
is quite different.

T. PROPINQUA, Pease.

T. subulata, cylindrica; anfractibus plano-convexis, longitudi-
naliter valde plicato-costatis, costis angulatis, arcuatis, intersti-
tiis transversim sulcatis ; superne sulco cingulatis ; apertura elon-
gata; columella recurva, parum contorta; aurantio-rubra, infra
suturam alba, costis hic et illic albis, anfr. ultimus albo fasciatus.

Long. 27. Diam. 6 mill.

Hab. Ins]. Hawaii.

Shell subulate, cylindrical; whorls flatly convex, longitudi-
nally strongly plicately-ribbed, ribs angulate and curved, inter-
stices transversely deeply grooved, above beneath suture encir-
cled by a groove; aperture elongate; columella somewhat
recurved and contorted; orange red, between suture and trans-
verse groove, white, ribs here and there white, and the last
whorl encircled by a white band.

The above may be distinguished from 7. undulata, Gray, by
the angulation of its ribs, shape of its columella, and in wanting
red stains in the interstices of its ribs.

T’. COSTELLIFERA, Pease,

T. subulata, spira gracilis; anfr. plano-convexis, levibus, lon-
gitudinaliter forte angulate plicato-costatis, infra suturam pro-
funde sulcatis; sutura, sulcoque subangulatis; apertura ovata;
columella contorto-recurva, laminata; albida, anfr. partem infe-
riorem cinereis, infra suturam purpurascente cinerea maculosis ;
apice interdum fulvescente. ,

Long. 20. Diam. 5 mill.

Hab. Insl. Oahu.

Shell subulate, spire slender; whorls flatly convex, smooth,
longitudinally strongly angularly plicately ribbed; below the
suture deeply grooved; suture and edge of groove slightly
angulate; aperture ovate; columella twistedly recurved, lami-
nate. Whitish, lower part of the whorls pale ash color, blotched
or spotted below the suture with purplish ash color, apex some-
what yellowish.

The specimens of this species collected do not appear to be
mature.

T. LAUTA, Pease.

T. aciculari, levis, coruscata; anfr. planatis, longitudinaliter
plicato costatis, costis rectis, angulatis, superne mterstice punc-

OF CONCHOLOGY. 67

tatis; apertura parya, angusta, oblonga, vix obliqua; columella
subrecta, callo crasso marginata, ad basin uniplicata, superne
levis; plumbeo grisea, infra suturas flavescenti cingulata et
rufescente fusca maculata; basin fusca, albida aut flavescente
unifasciata; columella aperturaque fusca; interdum omnino
pallide grisea, aut cinerea, infra suturas maculata.

Long. 26. Diam. 6 mill.
Hab. Insl. Oahu.

Shell acicular, smooth, glistening; whorls flattened, longitu-
dinally plicately ribbed, ribs straight, angulate; interstices
punctured above; aperture small, narrow, oblong, slightly
oblique; columella almost straight, bordered by a laminate cal-
losity connecting with outer lip, at base terminated by a fold,
smooth above; color variable, generally of a leaden grey, encir-
cled beneath the suture by a yellowish band, which is spotted
with reddish brown; base dark brown, last whorl encircled by a
pale yellowish or whitish band; columella and aperture dark
brown; sometimes the whorls are wholly ash or grey color,
spotted and marked as above.

In good condition, this species is a perfect gem. It approaches
nearest to varieties of 7’. strigillata, Linn. On examination,
however, it will be found to agree with that species only in the
arrangement of its colors.

T. suncata, Pease.

T. aciculari, nitida; anfr. subangustis, infra suturas sulco
cingulatis, longitudinaliter plicato-costatis, interstitils concavis,
profunde sulcatis, infra suturas striatis; apertura oblonga an-
gusta; columella levis, callo marginata, ad labium juncto;
cinereo grisea, infra suturas pallidior, interdum costis pallidis.

Long. 15. Diam. 3 mill.

Hab. Insl. Oahu.

Shell acicular, shining; whorls rather narrow, encircled below
the suture by a groove, longitudinally plicately ribbed, interstices
concave, deeply grooved transversely, below the suture striated
transversely; aperture oblong, narrow; columella smooth, nearly
straight, bordered by a raised callosity, connecting with the
outer lip; ashy grey, paler below the sutures, ribs occasionally
pale ash color.

The above may prove to be a variety of 7. Swansonii, still
farther removed from the type than inflexa, Pease.

T’. ASSIMILIS, Pease.

T. aciculari, nitida; anfractibus levis, longitudinaliter angu-

68 AMERICAN JOURNAL

late plicato-costatis, superne, interstitiis punctatis; apertura
oblongo-ovata; columella brevi, carinata, contorta; fusca, infra
suturas grisea; columella aperturaque fuscis.

Long. 15. Diam. 3 mill.
Hab. Insl. Oahu.

Shell acicular, shining; whorls flattened, smooth, longitudi-
nally angulately plicately ribbed, interstices punctured above;
aperture oblong ovate; columella short, keeled, twisted ; brown,
below the sutures greyish; columella and aperture brown.

PLEUROTOMA LIRATA, Pease.

T. fusiformi, turrita, undique carinata, carinis subdistantibus,
subeequalis, carina in medio anfractuum paulo maxima, super-
ficiis intermediis concavis, carinarum interstitiis tenuiter longi-
tudinaliter striatis; sinu profundo; canali brevi; alba, carinis
rufescente fusco maculatis.

Long. 85. Diam. 12 mill.

Hab. Ins]. Oahu.

Shell fusiform, turrited, keeled all over, keels nearly of the
same size, and almost equidistant, the keel on the middle of the
whorls slightly the largest, the intermediate superfices concave,
interstices between the keels finely striate longitudinally ; sinus
deep; canal short; white, keels spotted with reddish brown.

The above species may be distinguished by the regularity of
its keels. The spots are small, oblong, and confined to the edge
of the keels.

PLEUROTOMA MONILIFERA, Pease.

T. gracile fusiformi, turrita ; anfractibus medio costa nodulosa
cingulatis, nodis lateraliter compressis, vix incisis, infra carina
parva marginatis; medio inter costis nodulosis carina elevata
cingulata, interstitiis concavis, elevato striatis, longitudinaliter
tenuiter striatis ; cinereo-fusca, infra costam pallidior; canali
elongato, recto; sinu profundo.

Long. 27. Diam. 8 mill.

Hab. Ins]. Oahu.

Shell slenderly fusiform, turrited; whorls encircled round
the middle by a nodulose rib, nodules compressed laterally and
slightly indented on their sides, bordered beneath by a small
smooth keel, and a more elevated one intermediate between the
nodose rib; interstices concave, elevately striate transversely
and finely striate longitudinally; canal long, straight; sinus
deep; ashy brown, lighter below the ribs, nodulose rib whitish.

A beautiful species, when in good condition.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 69

Mr. Hinds observed that no species of Plewrotoma proper
inhabit Polynesia. Such we believe to be the case as regards
Southern and Western Polynesia. ‘The above two are the only
ones known to me as inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands. Speci-
mens have been laying in my collection for several years past,
dead and broken, awaiting the discovery of perfect ones, which
are very rarely met with.

Mitra Newcompit, Pease.

T. elongata, subcylindraceo-fusiformi; spira brevis, acuta;
anfr. plano-convexis, transversim punctato-striatis, interdum
striis in medio anfr. ultimo evanidis; anfr. ultimo superne, spi-
raque striis impressis decussatis ; basi remote sulcata, vix trun-
cata; columella quinqueplicata; alba, remote rufescente fusca
punctulata; anfr. ultimo fascia lata fusca cingulata.

Long. 27. Diam. 8 mill.
Hab. Insl. Oahu.

Shell elongate, rather cylindrically fusiform; spire short,
acute; whorls flatly convex, transversely punctate striate, striz
becoming sometimes obsolete on middle of last whorl; spire and
upper part of last whorl decussated by longitudinal impressed
striz ; base distantly grooved and somewhat truncate ; columella
five-plaited. White, remotely punctured with reddish brown dots,
last whorl encircled with a broad dark brown band.

Had not Mr. Reeve decided JZ. bicolor, Swain., to be the
young of JM. casta, I should have connected the above species
with it as a variety. Iam of opinion that the shell figured by
M. Kiener, pl. 32, is the above species, especially fig. 106a,
though of much smaller size. Ihave specimens of M. casta
from both Hastern and Western Polynesia. Those from the
west vary in the transverse striz extending over the upper part
of the last whorl. It cannot, however, be confounded with the
above species, which resembles in shape JW. filwm, Reeve, to
which it is also allied in other respects.

ALCYNA LINEATA, Pease.

T. subelevato-turbinata, crassa, anguste perforata, transver-
sim lirata; anfr. 4, convexis; apertura ovata; labro intus
incrassato; liris rubris, interstitiis albidis, apice columellaque
albis.

Alt. 24. Diam. 14 mill.

Hab. Insl. Oahu.

Shell somewhat elevately turbinate, solid, thick, narrowly
perforate, transversely ridged; whorls 4, convex; aperture

70 AMERICAN JOURNAL

ovate; lip thickened within; ridges red, interstices whitish,
columella and apex white.

ALCYNA STRIATA, Pease.

T. elevato-turbinata, solidiuscula, anguste perforata, trans-
versim impresso-striata ; anfr. 4, infra suturam angulatis; aper-
tura ovata; labro intus vix incrassato; cinereo, nigroque macu-
lata et punctata, ad suturam albida.

Alt. 2. Diam. 1} mill.
Hab. Insl. Hawaii.

Shell elevately turbinate, rather solid, narrowly perforate,
transversely impressly striate; whorls 4, angulate beneath the
suture; aperture ovate; outer lip slightly thickened within,
speckled and mottled with black and grey of different shades,
whitish beneath the sutures.

Including the above, four species of this genus are known as
inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands. They agree in all their char-
acters with genus Leptothyra, excepting the distinct prominent
tooth at termination of the columella.

LEPTOTHYRA COSTATA, Pease.

T. crassa, turbinata, anguste perforata; anfr. 4, transversim
costatis, medio angulatis, costis mediis maximis, longitudinaliter
tenui striatis; apertura subobliqua, fere circularis; albo, nigro,
fuscoque maculata et punctata, apice alba.

Alt. 8. Diam. 33 mill.

Hab. Insl. Maui.

Shell thick, solid, turbinate, narrowly perforate; whorls 4,
transversely ribbed, angulate at the middle, ribs largest at the an-
gulation and below, longitudinally finely striate; aperture some-
what oblique, nearly circular; mottled and spotted with white,
black and brown, apex white.

Nassa NucEA, Pease. Plate viii, fig. 7.

T. crassa, ponderosa, ovata; spira brevis, convexa; anfracti-
bus plano-convexis, undique costis longitudinalibus, sulcis trans-
versa decussatis, costis parvis, confertis, vix arcuatis; anfr.
ultimo convexior, } longitudinis testze superans, basi sulcata ;
ad suturas anguste marginata; apertura oblongo-ovata, colu-
mella, labroque valde liratis ; labro varicoso ; canali lato; omnino
rufescente fusca.

Long. 12. Diam. 7 mill.
Hab. Insl. Carolinensis.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 71

Shell stout, heavy, ovate; spire short, convex; whorls flatly
convex, decussated throughout by longitudinal ribs and trans-
verse grooves; ribs small, close-set, and slightly curved; last
whorl convex more than one-half the length of the shell, and
grooved at base; whorls narrowly marginate at the suture;
aperture oblong-ovate, columella and outer lip strongly ridged,
lip varicose on its outer edge; canal broad; wholly dark reddish
brown.

The above is an unusual form for a tropical species. I know
of none with which it can be compared.

Nassa BALTEATA, Pease. Plate viii, fig. 5.

T. acuminato-turrita, solida; anfr. 6, rotundato-convexis,
sutura impressa ; longitudinaliter costatis, costis 11, rotundatis,
interstitiis transversim sulcatis; apertura parva, rotundato-
ovata; labro intus lirato, extus varicoso; columella callosa,
tenuiter lirata; canali angusto; alba, fulvescente bifasciata.

Long. 84. Diam. 4 mill.
Hab. Insl. Ebon.

Shell acuminately turrited, solid; whorls 6, roundly convex ;
suture impressed, longitudinally ribbed, ribs 11, rounded, inter-
stices transversely grooved; aperture small, roundly ovate; lip
ridged within, varicose on its outer edge; columella callous,
finely lirate; canal narrow. White, encircled by two yellowish
brown bands.

ENGINA NODULOSA, Pease. Plate viii, fig. 11.

T. elongato-fusiformi, subturrita; anfr. longitudinaliter cos-
tatis, costis 7, parvis, non prominentis, interstitiis concavis,
costis transversis decussatis, costis 5, super costis longitudinalibus
nodulosis, nodis compressis, interstitiis striis elevatis decussatis ;
anfr. superne concavo- angulatis ; labro dentato-lirato ; columella
levis; canali vix recurvo; nigricans, anfr. ultimo medio fascia
albida cingulata, nodis rufescente fuscis.

Long. 15. Diam. 9 mill.
Hab. Ins). Ebon.

Shell elongate-fusiform, somewhat turrited; whorls longitudi-
nally ribbed, ribs 7, small, not prominent, interstices concave,
crossed*by transverse ribs, five in number, which become nodulous
in passing over the longitudinal ribs, nodules compressed, inter-
stices decussated by fine raised striz; whorls concavely angulated
above, below the suture; lip dentately lirate within; columella
smooth; canal slightly recurved; blackish, last whorl encircled
by a whitish band round the middle, nodules brownish.

(e4 AMERICAN JOURNAL

PLANAXIS ATRA, Pease. Plate viii, fig. 4.

T. elongato-ovata; spira gracilis vix acuminata; anfr. plano-
convexis, transversim confertissime, tenuiter impresso striatis ;
apertura late ovata; labro intus incrassato, tenui lirato; colu-
mella lzevis, infra arcuata, anfr. ultimo partim inferiorem sul-
cato; canali angusto; ater, sulcis basalis spadiceis, undique
setosa.

Long. 8. Diam. 43 mill.

Hab. Ins]. Marquesas.

Shell elongate-ovate; spire slender, somewhat acuminate,
whorls planely convex, very finely and closely impressly striate
transversely, lower half of last whorl transversely grooved;
aperture broadly ovate, lip thickened within and finely lirate ;
columella smooth, arcuate below; canal very narrow; black,
grooves chocolate brown, covered all over with very short, tine
bristles.

RISsOINA BALTEATA, Pease.

T. elongata, gracilis; anfr. convexis, longitudinaliter tenuiter
granoso-costatis, transversim tenui striatis; anfr. ultimo ad
basin sulcato; apertura elliptica, vix obliqua; labro extus vari-
coso ; alba, fulva unifasciata.

Long. 4. Diam. 13 mill.
Hab. Ins). Hawaii.

Shell elongate, slender; whorls longitudinally finely granosely
ribbed, transversely finely striate; last whorl grooved at base;
aperture elliptical, slightly oblique; lip varicose on its outer
edge; white, encircled by a single yellowish brown band.

BULLA CONSPERSA, Pease. Plate viii, fig. 9.

T. ovata, solidiuscula perforata levis, striis incrementis longi-
tudinaliter tenuiter notata; apertura superne contracta, infra
expansa; labro posteriore vix producto; alba, nigra, fuscaque
conspersa, versus basin fascea rubra cingulata, plerumque
obsoleta.

Long. 27. Diam. 17 mill.

Hab. Insl. Marquesas.

Shell ovate, rather solid, perforate, smooth, marked faintly
with longitudinal striz of growth; aperture contracted above,
expanded below ; outer lip slightly produced posteriorly ; white,
promiscuously spotted and mottled with white, black and brown
of different shades, towards the base encircled with a single red
band, which is generally obsolete or altogether wanting.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 73

ATYS COSTULOSA, Pease.

T. elongata,.subcylindrica, postice angustiore, alba, umbilicata,
longitudinaliter costata, postice et antice striis elevatis decussata;
labro postice valde tortuoso et producto; columella ad basin
eversa, planulata, appressa ; apertura angusta.

Long. 54. Diam. 23 mill.

Hab. Ins). Oahu.

Shell elongate, subcylindrical, narrowest posteriorly, white,
umbilicate, longitudinally ribbed, crossed at either end by ele-
vated striz, which become more remote towards the middle of
the shell, and gradually vanish; outer lip posteriorly strongly
twisted and produced; columella everted at base, flattened and
appressed; aperture narrow. |

I have met with but a single specimen of this interesting spe-
cies, the sculpture of which is so distinct that it cannot be con-
founded with any heretofore described.

PACHYPOMA VIRESCENS, Pease. Plate viii, fig. 10.

T. conoidalis, imperforata, medio vix tumida; anfr. superne
conecavis, oblique, rude, irregulariter rugoso-plicatis, infra ad
marginem biseriatim squamatis, squamis nodosis, contiguis,
rugosis; suture linearis, undulata; anfr. superioribus profunde
foveolatis; anfr. ultimo ad peripheriam acute angulato; basin
planulata, conferte squamato-lirata; apertura obliqua, ovalis,
interior margaritacea; columella antice tuberculoso dentata ;
viridescens, squamis, lirisque albidis, columella czerulea cir-
cumdata.

Alt. 25. Diam. 25 mill.

Ha’. Tnsl. Tarawa.

Shell conoidal, imperforate, slightly swollen at the middle ;
whorls concave on their upper part, obliquely, rudely, and
irregularly rugosely plicate; the lower margin of the whorls
encircled by two rows of nodose scales, scales contiguous and
rough; suture linear and undulate; upper whorls deeply pitted ;
last whorl acutely angulate at its periphery; base planulate,
encircled with nine contiguous squamose ridges, unequal in size ;
aperture oblique, oval, interior pearly; columella callosity ter-
minating in a tubercular tooth; greenish, scales and ridges
whitish, encircled by a blue line.

The above species is common at certain localities in Polyne-
sia, but invariably thickly coated with lime, except occasionally
the young. It was referred several years since, by the late H.
Cuming, to 7. confragosus, Gld. Later, however, it was iden-

74 AMERICAN JOURNAL

tified by him, as well as Dr. Carpenter, as 7. twberosus, Phil.
In sculpture it agrees in some respects with confragosus. It
has, however, a double row of scales at margin of the whorls,
and Dr. Gould could scarcely have failed to notice its pitted
spire and color around columella, which is persistent on speci-
mens the most weathered. Its reference to tuberosus must have
arisen from an error in the Cumingian collection. That species,
as figured and described by Dr. Philippi, is granulose and tuber-
culose, of quite a different shape and belonging to another
genus. No species resembling it inhabits Polynesia. I should
look for it among species inhabiting the west coast of America.
The shell figured for it in “ Conch. Icon.,” from the Cumingian
collection, resembles the above species in having two rows of
scales, but on the figure they are distant from each other, and
in several other respects of sculpture, as well as color, it differs
from the species described above, and quite distinct from tube-
rosus, Phil. The last whorl of the above species is about one-
half the length of the shell, and, with the penultimate whorl,
occupies three-fourths of the shell; the whorls above are, conse-
quently, quite narrow and deeply pitted.

From the undulating character of the suture, the rows of
scales on the penultimate whorl appear to be on opposite sides
of the suture, which, however, is not the case.

TRITON INTERMEDIUS, Pease.

T. fusiformi turrita, mterdum ovato-fusiformi, crassa, trans-
versim noduloso-costata, costis rotundatis, longitudinaliter sul-
cata aut striata, interstitiis costarum transversim liratis; anfr.
convexis, univaricatis, superne infra suturam angulatis; aper-
tura elliptica ; columella rugoso-albi lirata, interstitiis nigricibus ;
labro biseriatim tuberculoso-albidentato, series ad marginem
bifurcata, extus valde varicoso; apertura lutea; canali brevi,
recurvo, subcontorto; rufescente fusca, anfr. ultimo medio pal-
lide fasciata; varicibus albo nigroque fasciatis; epidermide
squamosa induta.

Long. 60. Diam. 30 mill.

Hab. Insl. Oahu.

Shell fusiformly turrited, sometimes ovately fusiform, thick,
heavy, transversely nodulosely ribbed, ribs rounded, longitudi-
nally grooved or striate, interstices between the ribs transversely
ridged; whorls convex, one varix on each whorl, angulated
above beneath the suture; aperture elliptical, yellow within ;
columella ornamented its whole length with white wrinkled
ridges, interstices blackish ; lip strongly varicose, furnished with
two rows of white tuberculose teeth, the one on the edge of the

OF CONCHOLOGY. 75

lip bifureate; canal short, recurved and slightly twisted; color
brownish red, last whorl crossed at the middle with a pale band,
varices banded transversely with whitish and black; covered with
a scaly epidermis, bearing longitudinal rows of stiff bristles.

The above is intermediate between aquatilis, Rve., and prle-
aris, Linn. From the former it differs in wanting longitudinal
ribs. Its columella agrees with that of pilearis, while its outer
lip resembles that of aquwatilis. In color it differs from both.
Aquatilis is a ponderous shell, attaining to six inches in length ;
pilearis is lighter and of a more fusiform shape, and intermedius
partakes of the shape of aquatzlis, but seldom exceeds three
inches in length. The animal of aquatzlis is of a pale straw
color, covered with crowded round spots of various sizes, varying
from a light to a dark reddish brown; disk of the foot dull pink-
ish ash and spotted with reddish brown. JPilearts is of a pale
cream color, spotted with black.

The animal of zntermedius, Pse., is covered with spots, irreg-
ular in size and shape, of a dark brownish red, margined with
yellow, the interspaces of a light reddish fawn; where the spots
closely approximate, the interspaces are yellow.

MELAMPUS LUCIDUS, Pease.

T. oblongo-ovali, tenuiscula, pellucida, alba, nitida, imper-
forata; spira brevis, acuta; anfr. marginatis, ultimus in medio
planulatis ; plicee parietalis 2, supera parva, fere obsoleta, altera
prope basin, transversa, compressa, valida, plica columellaris,
obliqua, porrecta, in marginem basalem continuata; labro medio
subincrassato, postice Vix sinuoso, intus levi; apertura angusta,
basi rotundata.

Long. 33. Diam. 2 mill.
Hab. Insl. Oahu, ? Annaa.

Shell oblong-oval, rather thin, pellucid, white, shining, imper-
forate ; spire short, acute; whorls marginate, last whorl flattened
on the middle; two folds on the inner wall of the aperture, pos-
terior one small, almost obsolete, the other near the base, prom-
inent, transverse, compressed ; columella fold oblique, porrected,
continuous with the basal margin ; aperture narrow, rounded at
base; outer lip slightly thickened at the middle, and slightly
sinuous posteriorly, smooth and simple within.

Two mature and several young specimens were lately found
under stones, above high-water mark, at a locality I have fre-
quently marched over; it is, consequently, rare. I have con-
nected with it specimens which I received from the Island of
Annaa (Paumotus), not being able to detect any difference,

76 AMERICAN JOURNAL

except in being more abbreviate in shape, and margination at
the suture less distinct, and last whorl more convex.

ScALARIA UMBILICATA, Pease.

T. elongato-turrita, umbilicata, alba; anfractibus decem, rot-
undatis, contiguis, politis, sub-lente remote spiraliter impresso-
striatis ; varicibus 11, angustis, parvis, vix obliquis, in umbilicum
introitis; apertura ovata, postice subangulata.

Alt 10. Diam 34 mill.
Hab.—Insl. Oahu.

Shell elongately turreted, umbilicate, white; whorls ten,
rounded, polished, contiguous, encircled by fine remote impressed
strie; varices eleven, narrow, small, slightly oblique, entering
into the umbilicus; aperture ovate, somewhat angulate pos-
tericrly.

ENGINA LINEATA, Rve. var. maculata, Pease. Plate viii, fig. 12.

T. elongato-ovata, crassa, solida, longitudinaliter nodoso-
costata, transversim sulcata et tenuiter punctato-striata; anfr.
infra suturam subangulatis; apertura angusta, recta; alba, anfr.
ultimus, nigro trifasciatus, anfr. superioribus unifasciatis ; basi
lineis nigris notata; anfr. maculis nigris conspicuis cingulatis.

Alt. 12. Diam. 6 mill.
Hab.—Insl. Apaian.

Shell clongately ovate, thick, solid, longitudinally nodosely
ribbed, transversely grooved and impressly striate, strize fine and
punctured ; spire acute; whorls slightly angulated beneath the
suture; aperture narrow, straight; white, last whorl encircled
by three, upper whorls by one black line, base marked by oblique
black lines; whorls encircled by a single row of conspicuous
round black spots.

The above is without a doubt a variety of lineata Rve.,
although it would be difficult to distinguish the original species
from several others, by the short description given by Mr. Reeve.

CERITHIUM TUBERCULIFERUM, Pease.
1865. C. Adansonii, (Rve. non Brug.,) Con. Icon. Species 11.

T. crassa, solida, elongato-pyramidata, spiraliter lirata, in-
terstitiis impresso-striatis, tuberculis acutis extantibus armata
anfr. 9, medio subangulatis, ultimus subventricosus; apertura
parviuscula, callo postico crasso, canali brevi, labro crenulato,
alba, rufescento-fusca punctata.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 1

Shell thick, solid, elongately pyramidal, last whorl slightly
ventricose, spirally finely ridged, interstices impressly striate,
armed with acute standing out tubercles, the row on the middle
of the whorls the largest ; whorls 9, somewhat angular at the
centre; aperture rather small, posterior callus thick, canal
short, outer lip crenulate. White, with occasional reddish brown
spots.

Remarks.—Authors do not appear to agree as to the species
ficured by Adanson and described by Bruguiere as C. Adanson,
inhabiting the West Coast of Africa. The only figure I have
met with which agrees with the original, is that in Wood’s Ind.
Test., all others together with descriptions refer to other species.
Mr. Reeve selected a species, collected by Mr. Cuming at the
Paumotus, specimens of which I have received from the same
locality, where it is found associated with C. echinatum, Lam.,
C. columna, Sowb., &c. As it proves to be quite distinct from
the Atlantic species, I separate it under the above name, with
slight additions to Mr. Reeve’s description.

CERITHIUM SCULPTUM, Pease. Plate viii, fig. 8.

T. elongato-pyramidata, subventricosa, aut cylindracea, spira-
liter noduloso-lirata, sutura granulis marginata, longitudinaliter
obsolete costata, ubique regulariter et conferte impresso-striata ;
anfr. plano-convexis; apertura magna; canali recurvo, subelon-
gato; alba, apice purpurascens.

Long. 80, Diam. 12 mill.

Hab.—Insl. Paumotu.

Shell elongately pyramidal, somewhat ventricose or cylindrical,
spirally nodulosely ridged, longitudinally obsoletely ribbed, en-
graved throughout regularly and evenly with close set impressed
striz; whorls flatly convex; aperture large; canal recurved,
rather long and oblique; white, apex purple.

Remarks.—In shape the above resembles columna Sowb. The
small nodules with which it is encircled are regular in size, and
it may be distinguished by the whole surface being engraved
with spiral striz. Ihave specimens from Tahiti, which agree In
all respects with the above, except in being cylindrical in shape.

CERITHIUM CYLINDRACEUM, Pease.

T. oblonga, cylindracea, anfr. ultimus subventricosus, spiraliter
striata ; anfr. supra longitudinaliter nodoso-costatis, costis ad
anfractuum ultimum evanascentis; apertura magna; canali ob-
liquo, recurvo; labro vix expanso, laqueato; alba, apice, flaves-
cente.

6

78 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Long. 28, Diam. 8 mill.
Hab.—Ins]. Paumotu.

Shell oblong, cylindrical, last whorl slightly ventricose,
spirally striate; whorls on their upper half nodosely ribbed
longtitudinally, ribs becoming obsolete on last whorl; aperture
rather large; canal oblique and recurved; outer lip somewhat
expanded, fluted; white, apex yellowish.

Remarks.—The above is intermediate between C. columna,
Sowb., and salebrosum, Sowb. It may be distinguished by the
ribs not passing over the whole length of the whorls, and gene-
rally absent altogether on the last whorl, except immediately at
the suture.

LITTORINA CINEREA, Pease. Plate vill, fig. 14.

T. subglobosa; spira acuta, parva; anfr. supra acute angula-
tis, transversim granoso-liratis, aut levibus, interstitiis striis
elevatis cingulatis; columella excavata; cinerea, apice nigres-
cente; columella, aperturaque pallide fuscis.

Alt. 7. Diam. 53 mill.

fab. Insl. Marquesas.

Shell subglobose; spire small, acute; whorls sharply angulate
above, transversely granosely ridged or smooth, interstices en-
circled with raised striz; columella rather broadly excavated ;
cinereous or whitish, apex blackish, columella and aperture pale
brown.

Remarks.—This species resembles, in some of its characters,
Feejeensis, Rve., and also granularis, Gray.

NaARICA GRANIFERA, Pease. Plate viii, fig. 13.

T. ventricoso-ovata, crassiuscula, alba, transversim granoso-
lirata, interstitiis tenuissime striatis; spira parva, vix exserta;
apertura dilatata, ovato-rotundata; umbilica patulo, canali longi-
tudinaliter sulcato et striato, angulo levis aut sublacerato.

Alt. 9. Diam. 83 mill.

Hab. Insl. Jarvis.

Shell ventricosely ovate, rather thick, white, transversely
granosely ridged, interstices very finely striate; spire small,
slightly exserted; aperture dilated, ovately rounded; umbilicus
open, canal longitudinally grooved and striate, at the angle on
its edge smooth or slightly ragged.

Remarks.—The above was classed by the late Mr. Cuming as

a var. of N. acuta, Recl. It agrees with that species, however,
only in shape. It is thicker, generally smaller, and granose.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 79

TORINIA SULCIFERA, Pease.

T. orbicularis; spira vix exserta, plana; anfr. sulco-sejunctis,
noduloso-costatis, costis 4, nodis lzvibus, interstitiis striatis,
interstitiis costarum striatis et filo granoso cingulatis; basis
plano-convexa; peripheria late sulcata, utrinque costa valida
marginata; umbilicus patulus, ad marginem angulatus, intus
profunde sulcatus, costa granosa et strils, circumscriptus ; aper-
tura circularis; radiatim albo et pallide fusco strigata, apice
subnigra, epidermide flavescente.

Alt.12. Diam. 5 mill.

Hab. Ins]. Kauai.

Shell orbicular; spire but slightly exserted, anex flat ; whorls
separated by a deep groove or channel, encircled by four nodu-
lose ribs, nodules smooth, interstices striate, interstices between
the ribs striate and encircled by a granulose thread; base flatly
convex; periphery widely grooved, angulate on either side, and
bordered by a strong rib; umbilicus open, occupying one-half
the diameter of the shell, angulate on its edges and broadly and
deeply grooved just within, encircled with a granulose rib and
strie; aperture circular; radiately striped with white and light
brown, apex dark brown, epidermis yellow.

Remarks.—T. cylindracea, Chem., is probably the nearest
allied species to the above, from which it differs mainly in the
characters of its umbilicus and periphery.

80 AMERICAN JOURNAL

REMARKS ON MARINE GASTEROPODA, INHABITING THE
. WEST COAST OF AMERICA; WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
TWO NEW SPECIES.

BY WM. HARPER PEASE.

TORINIA PERSPECTIVIUNCULA, Chem.

In ‘‘ Monograph of Solarium,’ Thes. Conch., three distinct
forms of Yorzna, inhabiting respectively the West Coast of
Africa, the Hawaiian Islands, and the East Indies, are united
under the above name. Dr. Carpenter, in his last Report on
Mollusca of the West Coast of America, adopts the same
synonomy.

By comparing a large number of specimens, from various
localities, the animals of two of the forms and the operculum of
all, I am convinced they are three distinct species, which may
be distinguished by the shell as well as the animal.

I would first observe, that there is more than one species of
Torinia inhabiting the West Coast; I refer herewith to that
figured in Thes. Con., figs. 61, 62, specimens of which I have
received from Margarita Bay, and also La Paz, collected alive,
in company with another species, rather smaller and more
depressed.

At the Hawaiian Islands several species remain to be described.
I refer to those formerly distributed by me as J’. variegata,
Chem., and latterly as 7’. areola, Desh.

All species of Zorinia may be arranged under three distinct
shapes.

1. Trochoidal 7. variegata, Chem., &e.
2. Conoidal 7’. ethiop, Mke, &e.
8. Planulate 7. cylindracea, Chem., &c.

Species of all three of the above shapes are included in the
synonomy of 7’. perspecti, &c., Chem., Thes. Con. ,

T. planulata, fig. 63, named as a variety, is a distinct species,
as the author suggests. I have received several species of this
form from different localities in Polynesia: only two, however,
in condition for description, viz., 7. discoidea, Pse., and 7’. sul-
cifera, Pse.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 81

The conoidal form, referred to in Thes. Con., from Borneo,
is probably also distinct. I received from the late Dr. Gould a
specimen of that shape, collected in the Sooloo Seas, resembling
ethiopis, Mke.

Separating the planulate and conoidal forms from 7’. perspectt,
&c., in Thes. Con., the three species remaining may be distin-
guished by the following characters :—

The West Coast species is the largest, most elevated and
whorls generally more convex, and rounded at periphery of last
whorl. The Hast Indian form is the nearest allied to it in those
characters, while the Hawaiian species is depressed and the
whorls generally more flat.

The sculpture of the West Coast species agrees more nearly
with the Hawaiian. The concentric ribs being flat or planely
convex, the intervening groove being light and the radiating
striz finer and more continuous; while the sculpture of the Hast
Indian form is more coarse and bold, the concentric ribs rounded
and more distinct, the grooves intervening being much deeper.

In: color the West Coast and Hawaiian are more plain, the
former more brown, the latter darker, and more or less spotted
with white at the suture and on the periphery of last whorl, and
encircled with white at margin of the umbilicus. The Hast
Indian is variegated with white and black, either tessellated or
disposed in radiating lines, and generally a white band following
the suture.

The operculum of the Hawaiian and East Indian agree, and is
well figured in Adams’ “‘Genera.’’ That of the West Coast
species differs widely. It is composed of plates disposed in the
shape of a screw, of three whorls. The plates are wide apart,
and furnished on their edges with short, stout bristles, and the
sides coarsely reticulated with raised strive. (Plate viii, fig. 6.)

The animal of the Hast Indian species is fairly represented in
Voy. d’Astrolabe, and agrees with my observations, except that
the emargination in front is too angular. The dilatation of the
anterior corners of the foot is common to all the species I have
examined. The animal of the Hawaiian species differs from the
above in the tentacles being longer and more slender, ‘the foot
widest posteriorly,’ and color pale cinereous. I may as well
note here that the animal of 7. Mighelsi, Phil., agrees with the
above in general shape. Its tentacles are, however, setaceous,
and color pale cream. Both species inhabiting the Hawaiian
Islands are found almost invariably on branched coral, and
suspend themselves by strong gelatinous threads, one of which
will sustain the weight of several shells and can be drawn out
four or five inches.

82 AMERICAN JOURNAL

The geographical range of the West Coast and Hawaiian
species is limited. Although the East Indian is widey distri-
buted from the Red Sea to the Philippines, and from thence
through Polynesia to the Paumotus and south to New Caledonia,
it retains its characters, which distinguish it from the Hawaiian,
and more widely from the West Coast species. The variation at
the Paumotus, noticed by Mr. Hanley, is common to the species
of several genera, as remarked by me in this Journal, 1868,
page 109.

As to the names by which the several species should be desig-
nated, I would first remark, that it is not probable nor possible
that Chemnitz ever saw a specimen of Torinia from the West
Coast of America. Captain Cook visited the West Coast only
on his last voyage, and then at the North-west, the expedition
reaching England a short time before the date of Chemnitz’s
publication. He described and figured, without doubt, the East
Indian form, although his obscure figures and short description
has been and may be referred to several species, as well as those
of other early authors. All species of Solarium were classed by
them as large or small, or as ‘“ perspectives” or “ perspectiviun-
culus”’ generically. The specific name of the East Indian
species should remain as adopted by Lamarck, Deshayes, and
others, 7. variegata, which alludes to the disposition of its colors.
The Hawaiian species has been recognised by several of my
correspondents as JZ’. areola, Desh., which I have adopted,
although the description of that species requires to be somewhat
modified, especially as to color and its disposition.

The name of the West Coast species remains to be determined
by those more particularly interested in that fauna.

Trocuus Byronianvs, Gray.

Having had opportunity of examining the original figure of
the above species in Wood Ind. Test., I discover it to be quite
distinct from our common Hawaiian species, Polydonta Sand-
wichensis, Soul. No species of Omphalius inhabits Polynesia.
The above should be connected with some one of the West Coast
species. The type, according to Dr. Gray, is awaiting deter-
mination in the British Museum.

COLUMBELLA ROSIDA, Rve.

The above should be discarded from the West Coast fauna. I
have received specimens from its original locality, and several
others in Southern Polynesia. For my remarks on its variation,
refer to page 122 of this Journal, 1868.

A number of species, inhabiting the West Coast or the Galla-
pagos and Polynesia, have been confounded, for reason of Mr.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 85

Cuming having collected at two islands of the same name (Lord
Hood’s Island), one in the Gallapagos group and the other at
the Paumotus.

Lord Hood, when a young man, accompanied Captain Cook
on his third voyage as midshipman. Subsequently three islands
were named after him. The one at the Gallapagos may retain
his name; that in the Paumotus should be designated by its
proper native name, ‘“‘Maurukea,” and also the one at the
Marquesas, “ Fatu-Haku.”’

NASsA TIARULA, Kien.

A large and beautiful collection of shells, dredged the past
year by a gentleman on the West Coast of Mexico, which I have
had opportunity of looking over, contained a number of specimens
of the above species, which leave no doubt but that it is a variety
of WV. tequila, Rve, having light colored specimens in my collection,
from La Paz, which closely connect it. The original locality, by
Kiener, copied by Reeve, ‘‘ Madagascar,”’ is probably an error.
Latirus nopatus, Martyn.

The above should also be struck out of the West Coast fauna.
The locality given to it originally by Martyn, “‘ New Holland,”
should probably have been “‘ South Seas.”” In Voy. Blossom it
is properly credited to the Pacific.

Mr. Reeve, however, in Con. Icon., gives ‘‘ Panama’ (Cuming)
as its locality, which has consequently been adopted by several
authors. Not one of the numerous collectors that have visited
that locality since, so far as I can ascertain, have confirmed it.

It occurs very rarely at the Hawaiian Islands, and I have
received it from Southern and Western Polynesia.

MUREX FOVEOLATUS, Pease. Plate viii, fig. 3.

T. acute ovata, crassa, imperforata, spira gracilis, acuta,
brevis, $ longitudinis teste haud sequans; anfr. ultimus, varici-
bus 5, prominentis, lateraliter profunde et late foveolatis,
squamosis, instructus, interstitiis levibus; apertura ovali; colu-
mella vix arcuata, levi; labro regulariter arcuato, late varicoso,
radiatim costato, costis canaliculatis, interstitiis elegantissime
foliaceis, ad limbum acuto; crinulato, intus levi; canali brevis-
simi, recurvo, fere clauso.

Alba, interstitiis varicorum, pallide rosacea suffusa, anfr.
ultimus, et spira ad suturam, fascia angusta nigra, cingulatis.

Alt. 15. Diam. 9 mill.

Hab.—WUa Paz, in sinu Californico.

Shell acutely ovate, thick, solid, imperforate, spire slender,
acute, short, less than one-half the length of the shell; last

84 AMERICAN JOURNAL

whorl furnished with five prominent varices, which are deeply
and openly pitted on the sides and squamose; interstices smooth;
aperture oval; columella slightly arched and smooth; outer lip
regularly arched, broadly varicose; varix radiately ribbed, ribs
canaliculate, interstices beautifully foliated ; edge acute, crenulate,
smooth within; canal very short, recurved, nearly closed. White,
interstices between the varices suffused with pale flesh color;
last whorl just beneath its middle, and spire at the suture,
encircled by a narrow black band.

Remarks.—All the specimens of the above received were
very much encrusted, with the exception of the one figured.

The species nearest allied is JZ. alveatus, Kien.

OMPHALIUS TURBINATUS, Pease. Plate viii, fig. 15.

T. subdepresso-turbinata, crassa, late et profunde umbilicata ;
anfr. supra angulatis, ultimo ad peripheriam obsolete angulato,
liris paribus nodulosis cingulatis, basi convexa, levis aut obsolete
lirata, regione umbilicali levis; columella ad basim nodoso
dentata, dente parvo, vix elevata terminata (non sulcata).
Flavescente aut albida, radiatim lineis rufescente-fuscis notata,
lineis obliquis et interruptis, base rufescente-fusca maculata,
umbilicus, columellaque viridis.

Alt. 18. Diam. 13 mill.
Hab.—WUa Paz, in sinu Californico.

Shell somewhat depressly turbinate, thick, solid, openly and
deeply umbilicate; whorls angulate above, the last obsoletely
angulate at periphery, encircled by small slightly nodulous
ridges, interstices elevately striate, base convex; smooth or
obsoletely ridged, at the umbilical region smooth; columella at
base nodosely dentate, and terminating in a very slightly
elevated tooth (not grooved). Yellowish or whitish, radiately
obliquely marked with fine reddish brown interrupted lines, base
spotted with reddish brown, umbilicus and columella sea green,
operculum bright yellow.

The young is more depressed, more sharply angulate, and very
finely and closely striate concentrically, and also of a darker
color.

Remarks.—The species nearest allied to the above, so far as
I am aware, is O. coronulata, C. B. Ad. It may also be com-
pared with O. ligulatus, Mke. It may be readily distinguished
from either of those species by the shape of its base, the colu-
mella tooth projecting much more and no trace of a groove. The
umbilicus is also more open, smooth around its outer edge, and
colored green as well as the columella. Its sculpture is also
much lighter.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 85

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO “SYNONOMY OF
MARINE GASTEROPODA: INHABITING POLYNESIA.”

(Amer. Jour. of Conch., Vol. 4, 1868, page 103 )
BY WM. HARPER PEASE.

MITRA TURGIDA, Rve.

1845. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 52.
“« Con. Icon., species 273.
1860. M. ertcea, Pse., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 146.

The first specimens collected and forwarded to London were
in poor condition; others found since leave no doubt as to the
above synonomy.

MITRA LUBRICA, Pse.

1867. M. glabra, Pse., Am. Jour. Conch. p. 272.
Name preoccupied ; changed as above. |

CERITHIUM PIPERITUM, Sowb.
Thes. Con., species 76.
1854. C. alveolus, Jacq., Voy. au Pol. Sud., vol. 5, p. 105, pl.
24, f. 28, 29.
CERITHIUM TUBERCULIFERUM, Pease.
1865. C. Adansonii, Rve. non Brug., Con. Icon., Sp. 11.

The above species, collected by Mr. Cuming at the Paumo-
tus, is decidedly distinct from the one inhabiting the west coast
of Africa, described by Bruguiere as Adansonz. The figure and
description in Con. Icon. refer to the Polynesian species, which
I separated as above.

CrRITHIUM MAcULOsUM, Migh.

C. nassoides, Sowb., Thes. Con., Sp. 114.
1865. e Rve., Con. Icon., Sp. 97.
The above synonym should be added on page 127 of my
previous paper.

86 AMERICAN JOURNAL

TEREBRA BIPARTITA, Desh.

The above is a small slender species, quite distinct from
hastata, Gmel., with which Mr. Reeve has connected it.

TEREBRA PHASEI, Desh.

Is a synonym of 7’. puncticulata, Desh., as classed by Mr.
Reeve, and not a variety of 7. Swainsonit, Desh., as noted by me
in my previous paper, p. 125. I was led into the error by the
typical specimens forwarded me from Europe, being wrongly
labelled. The species for which it was mistaken I have described
as 7’. Swainsoni, var inflexa.

TORINIA TROCHOIDES, Desh.

In my last paper I suggested that dealbata, Hds., might be a
synonym of the above. I discover that Mr. Hanley had already
decided it to be so. I am of opinion that 7. conica, Pse.,
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, is at least a variety, although
the late Mr. Cuming supposed it to be distinct.

It differs from the description of trochoides in being concen-
trically striate and in having more color. The specimens from
which the description of Hinds and Deshayes were drawn up
may not have been as perfect as those I received.

MARGARITA ANGULATA, A. Ad.

The above should be erased from the synonymy of Trochus
tantillus, Gld., page 151 of my previous paper.

Having noticed it in the catalogue of Australian species by
Mr. Angas, classed as Minolta, 1 was led to examine its de-
scription, and discover it differs from the Hawaiian species in
being ‘‘openly umbilicate’’ and whorls angular above. The
locality given by Mr. Adams, “ Sandwich Islands,’’ was prob-
ably the cause why Dr. Gould and others adopted the synonymy
I followed.

TRITONIDEA UNDOSUS, Rumph.

Buceinum cinctum, Quoy, should be transferred from the
synonymy of 7’. fumosus, Dill., to that of the above, in my pre-
vious paper, p. 104.

TRITONIDEA FUMOSUS, Dill.
1832. Buccium undosum, Quoy, non Rumph., Voy. d’Astrol.,
Vol. 2, p. 411, pl. 80, fig. 1—4.

The above should be added on page 104 of my previous paper.

LATIRUS COLUMBARIUM, Chem.

1788. Murex columbarium, Chem., Conch. Cab. vol. 10, p. 284,
pl. 169, f. 1637—38.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 87

1789. Murea spinosus, Martyn, Univ. Conch. pl. 4.

1791. “ columbarium, Gme., Syst. Nat. p. 3559.

ESET. ee Dill., Cat. vol. 2, p. 738.

1843. Turbinella spinosa, Desh., An. sans Vert., vol. 9, p. 392.
ce 66

1847. Rve., Con. Icon., Sp. 43.

ae fasciata, Sowb., ?
feob es columbarium, W ood, Ind. Test., pl. 27, fig. 117.
1S Bé.aes * spinosa, Jacq., Voy. au Pol. Sud. p. 112, pl.

Bort. 20, 20:
Remarks.—The Chemnitzian name of the above species, dis-
carded by Deshayes and Reed, should be restored.

CYPRAIA CAPUT SERPENTIS, Linn.

1758. Systema Nature, p. 1175, ed. 10.
1770. Hist. Conch., Lister, pl. 701, f. 49 and pl.-704, f. 53.
1849. Var. caput anguis, Phil., Zeitz. fur Mal. p. 24.

Remarks.—The species described by WZ. Philippi as above, is
a distinct variety of caput serpentis. Although separated by Lis-
ter, it has escaped the notice of authors since.

Compared with caput serpentis, it is smaller in size, not dilated
at the sides, darker in color throughout, and dorsal spots smaller.
The only description of the animal of caput serpents, published,
so far as I can discover, is that in “ Voy. d’Astrol,”’ from which
caput anguis differs as follows: Mantle of a deep brown, shaded
with dark green, its tentacular processes red or red and white.
Siphon dusky, tentacles beyond the eyes light chestnut, base
white. Foot pale beneath and dusky above. The tentacular
fringe surrounding the end of the siphon is retractible. The
colors and their arrangement agree with the type, only darker.

CoNUS NEGLECTUS, Pse.

1860. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 398.

Although considered by the late Mr. Cuming to be distinct,
I have classed it as a variety of C. flavidus, Lam. It differs
only in the spire being flat or nearly so, occasionally slightly
concave, and its epidermis thicker and more rough.

The following corrections should be made in the text of my
previous article.

Page 117, 11 lines from bottom, read “Topas ”’ for ‘“ Jopas.”’
oe

TPAD Mates 5 Sy s6 ° << it?’ for “other species.”
poets, 1) 7): S4 ge a ee ae eam? fore ss Vammen,
soe 2d « 6 ¢ tein Ss lives; tions lies si)

a ie * ie “« “the synonymy of dis-
par’ for “the last synonymy.”

88 AMERICAN JOURNAL

NOTES UPON THE MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MARGI-
NELLA IN REEVE’S CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA.

BY JOHN H. REDFIELD.

We can hardly over-estimate the aid which Mr. Reeve has
afforded to Conchological students in the immense store-house
of illustrations contained in his series of monographs. In re-
gard to the older and better known species of shells, the work
has been of great service by bringing within reach of students
good figures which would otherwise have to be sought through a
host of works, many of which are rare and not readily accessi-
ble. And as to more recent and less known species, Mr. Reeve’s
access to the magnificent collection of Mr. Cuming has enabled
him to introduce to science novelties almost without limit. But
it cannot be denied that the very plan of the work, well conceived
as it was, and carried out with a wonderful perseverance and
regularity—by its inexorable demand of a certain number of
figures and descriptions per month, necessarily led to undue
haste, and prevented the careful investigation that was ofttimes
required. So also the style of lithography adopted, while ad-
mirable for large species, failed entirely to do justice to small spe-
cies, especially where their distinctive characters were minute or
intangible. The frequent errors of statement in regard to habitat
are perhaps the most mischievous fault that can be brought
against the work, for on them are liable to be based erroneous
conclusions in regard to the important questions of geographi-
cal distribution, and of permanence in species. Doubtless many
of these errors are due, as Mr. Gray has recently observed,* to
the wrong or misplaced labels in Mr. Cuming’s cabinet. Mr.
Reeve and Mr. Cuming have (alas!) passed away, both de-
ceased in the same year in which the monograph of Marginella
was completed. No lover of shells can have other than respect
for their memory, and gratitude for their labors, and I am sure

* See this Journal, vol. 4, pages 201-203.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 89

that I fail in neither, in here presenting some criticisms upon the
monograph of Marginella, which was completed in 1865; for
my sole object is to indicate what seem to me errors too impor-
tant to pass unquestioned, or to call attention to points which
need further investigation.

And I would remark generally, that while the larger species
of Marginella are for the most part as well defined in form and
marking as are the species of Cyprea, the great number of
smaller species which have been brought to light in recent years
form groups which from want of positive distinctions of color
and pattern, and from the slightness of deviation in form, are
most perplexing to the student. For their proper delineation,
the highest style of art is required ;* for theic distinction, both
back and front views are needed, and their proper characterization
should be based only upon fresh, bright and perfect individuals.
Mr. Reeve’s plates of the smaller species often fail in all these
respects, while his descriptions are vagueand insufficient. Hence
of the species which he has for the first time named, many must
remain doubtful, especially as in so many of them the habitat
is unknown.

Referring to the species in the order of the monograph, I offer
the following notes:

Sp, 6. Marginella Petitii, Duval. The habitat of this species
is left in doubt by both Sowerby and Reeve, but it is known to
inhabit the coast of Senegambia, West Africa.

Sp.13. M. pyrum, Gron. The quoted synonym of Voluta
picta should have been referred to Dillwyn instead of Gmelin.

Sp. 14. M. rosea, Lam. I believe that Senegal should be
omitted from the habitats of this species, although the authority
of both Kiener and Sowerby may be pleaded for it. The re-
maining localities given by Reeve, to-wit,—Cape of Good Hope
and Natal—are certainly correct, and, so far as I know, it is
limited to that region.

Sp. 15. M. Neweombi, Reeve. Isee no reason why Reeve
should have considered this a doubtful species. It certainly has
very slight affinity to WZ. rosea, Lam.

Sp.17. M. vittata, Reeve. This species has no habitat
assigned. It was sent me many years ago by Mr. Cuming, as
from Hast Africa, and it has just enough relationship to WZ.
pyrum, Gron., to render that habitat probable. Sowerby’s 1.
mtermedia, not mentioned by Reeve, is closely allied.

*Even in Kiener’s beautiful plates the smaller species of Marginella
are very badly and imperfectly rendered.

90 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Sp. 44. M. ecineta, Kiener. To say that this “inhabits
Mexico,’’ leaves us in doubt whether it be an Atlantic or Pacific
species. It doubtless inhabits the Caribbean cost of Mexico,
but its province includes the Antilles and the northern coast of
S. America. Candé and d’Orbigny quote it from the Antilles,
C. B. Adams collected it in Jamaica, I have it from Carthagena,
S. Am., Krebs received it from St. Martha, and Newton col-
lected it at Maracaibo.

Sp. 45. M. prunum, Gmel. The only locality quoted by
Reeve for this species is Panama. The Panama shell of this type
is well known to be JM. sapotilla, Hinds, a species so closely
allied indeed to WZ. prunum, that some would question its specific
validity. Mr. Reeve has, however, adopted the M. sapotilla as
a good species, justly as I think, and has correctly assigned it
to its proper province—Panama. It is in fact the Pacific analogue
of the Caribbean M. prunum, and it is surprising that Sowerby
and Reeve should both have neglected to record the latter as
coming from the Caribbean province, where it is one of the most
abundant species, being indeed the best known and the typical
species of the genus. And as they have each blundered in
ascribing it to Panama, so it is even more surprising that almost
all their predecessors from Gmelin down refer it only to the
island of Gorée, West Africa, where I feel confident in asserting
that it never occurs. That this locality should have passed un-
questioned for more than sixty years may be thus explained.
Gmelin’s description confounds two distinct species, viz., the
M. amygdala, WKiener, which abounds on the coast of Sene-
gambia, and the true MZ. prunum, or what is usually considered
such, (M/. caerulescens, Lam.), which is the Caribbean species.
Gmelin’s description though vague, best applies to the latter, and
the dimension he gives (14 inches long) can only agree with
that. Of his cited figures, the first is the Hyowen of Adanson,
which Adanson says is only 9 lines in length, and which is
clearly Kiener’s M. amygdala. The second figure referred to
is that of Lister, which represents an immature MW. prunum,
while the third is that of Martini, which is unquestionably M.
prunum. Gmelin then copies Adanson’s locality ‘ Gorée ” for
the species, which in turn has been blindly repeated by Dillwyn,
Wood, Lamarck and Kiener. Petit, in his Catalogue, Jour. de
Conch. ii, 53, has been the first to set this matter right, by re-
moving Adanson’s Hyouwen to its proper place with Kiener’s
species. On the distribution of M. prunwm and M. sapotilla,
see also C. B. Adams, in Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist. v, 265.

Sp. 48. M. quadrilineata. Mr. Reeve does not inform us

OF CONCHOLOGY. 91

that this was first named and described by the Rev. Mr. Gaskoin,
in Proc. Lond. Zool. Soc. for 1849, p. 17.

Sp. 51. IM. oblonga, Sw. Reeve quotes WM. carnea, Storer,
and JZ. amabilis, Redf., as synonyms of this. As regards the
latter I am disposed to acquiesce in this opinion, for since my
description of it was published, an examination of more exten-
sive suites of specimens has shown that it is difficult to define a
satisfactory separation. But I still regard Storer’s MM. carnea
as a valid species, the pattern and coloring of which are always
sufficiently distinct from J. oblonga. The group is, however, a
perplexing one, and I have recently seen two or three specimens
intermediate between JW. oblonga, Sw., and M. guttata, Dillw.,
having the form and ground work of color of the former, with
the white flecks of the latter, and I suspect that JM. nivosa in
like manner connects M. guttata, Dillw., with JZ. pruinosa,
Hinds.

Sp. 55. M. angustata, Sow. Ascribed to Brazil, erroneously
I think. Sowerby referred it to the Hast Indies. Kiener .
(mistaking it for JZ. bullata), says it inhabits the Indian Ocean.
My specimens came from Ceylon.

Sp. dT. M. persicula, L. The well marked variety named
by Lamarck MW. avellana, is omitted from the synonymy. If
dropped as a species, it still deserves mention as a variety.

Sp. 61. M. similis, Sow. This name must give place to IZ.
obesa, Redf., which has precedence by eight months, as I have
already noted in Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. iv, 494. (The
shell which Sowerby at a later date named obesa, for which I
proposed (loc. cit.) the name of MW. pyrulata, but which I suspect
is only a variety of AZ. labiata, Val., is omitted from Reeve’s
Monograph). Although Mr. Reeve figures and describes my
M. obesa, (under the name of JZ. similis), he thinks it may
probably be only a variety of MZ. interrupta, Lam. I must con-
tinue to dissent decidedly from this view, referring to my full
description in Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Hist. iv, 164, 165, for a detail of
the differences, which are constant and sharp. At Carthagena,
S. A., both species occur together, always readily distinguishable.
At St. Martha the M. interrupta is found alone.

Sp. 65. MM. maculosa, Kiener. The shells figured under this
name are certainly not Kiener’s MZ. maculosa, nor do they hardly
answer to M. guttata, Sow., which I have learned to regard as
distinct. They are more nearly related to Swainson’s shell than
to Kiener’s, but without inspection of the types referred to by
Reeve, I do not think proper to propose a new name.

92 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Sp. 67. M. phrygia, Sow.—If we refer to the figure of
Swainson’s M. guttata, in Zoological Illustrations, 2d series,
vol. i, pl. 44, f. 2, and then select from Sowerby’s and Reeve’s
figures the one which approaches nearest to it, we shall in each
case be led to that of MZ. phrygia, Sow., and I think no one can
make this comparison without being satisfied that Sowerby, in
describing that species, had Swainson’s shell before him.
Swainson’s name had long before been preoccupied by Dillwyn,
and must hence be dropped. Petit had, therefore, proposed, in
1851 (Journ. de Conch., ii, 55), to change the name to Swain-
soniana; but as Sowerby’s phrygia was described in 1846, it
may properly be retained, with J. guttata, Sw., and MZ. Swain-
soniana, Petit, as synonyms.

Sp. 68. M. DeBurghie, Reeve.—A very distinct species, rare
in collections, for the possession of which | am indebted to the

kindness of Mr. D. W. Ferguson, of Brooklyn, N. Y.

Sp. 69. M. murals, Hinds.—This species, carefully described
by Hinds in Proc. Lond. Zool. Soc., 1844, p. 76, under the im-
pression that it differed from Kiener’s M. maculosa, must, I
think, be referred to that species. It agrees well with Kiener’s
figure, and is, in fact, the only species figured by either Sowerby
or Reeve which does answer to that. Kiener’s description also
applies, except as to the “smooth labrum,”’ while both figure
and description apply to Hinds’ shell far closer than to the MW.
guttata, Sw. If my views be correct, the species must resume
the name of WZ. Maculosa, Kiener, and WM. muralis, Hinds, must
take the place of synonym.

Sp. 70. M. sagittata, Hinds. Not so well figured as in
Sowerby. I cannot distinguish WZ. fluctuata, C. B. Ad. (Contr.
to Conch., p. 56), from this.

Sp. 71. M. frumentum, Sow. Here ascribed to the West
Indies, and so also in Sowerby’s Thesaurus; but in Sowerby’s
original description (Proc. Lond. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 57) it is
said to have been brought by Mr. Cuming from St. Elena and
Salanga (Ecuador). I suspect that this is correct, the West
Indian species of this type being MW. sagittata, as above.

Sp. 72. M. catenata, Mont. Two species are here con-
foundea under this name. Fig. 72, a, 6, represent the true cate-
nata, while Fig. 73 is evidently drawn from J. puleherrima,
Gaskoin (described in Proc. Lond. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 21), a
species similar in size and form to the catenata, but differing
widely in its minute markings.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 93

Sp. 75. M. oryea, Lam. Very properly restored to its
place as a species distinct from M. miliaria, L.

Sp. 81. M. lactea, Kiener. As only the back of the shell is
figured, the more essential characters are not seen; but as the
description states the columella to be three-plaited, it cannot be
Kiener’s shell, which he distinctly describes as ‘‘ quadriplicata.”’
Reeve’s shell is doubtless the M. subtriplicata, Orb., closely
allied, but differing by having only three plaits, which are also
more oblique than in lactea. Reeve’s figure 135, on plate 24, -
also represents the M. subtriplicata. Both species are found at
various points in the Caribbean province.

Sp. 83. M. avena, Val. The shell here figured is not the
usual typical form, but that which Bernardi has described and
figured in Petit’s Journ. de Conch., iv, 149, as M. Beyerleana.
IT have hitherto regarded this as a distinct species, characterized
by the interrupted character of its rose-colored bands; but some
specimens have recently been sent me by Mr. D. W. Ferguson,
in which these bands—while still of a bright rosy tinge—are
free from interruption, and well connect the Beyerleana with the
ordinary or more fulvous variety.

Sp. 85. M. teniata, Sow. Neither Sowerby nor Reeve
gives the habitat of this species. I have specimens from the
Bahama Islands.

Sp. 87. M. conoidalis, Kiener. M. apicina, Menke, which

is quoted as a synonym, should take precedence.

Sp. 88. M. pruinosa, Hinds. This figure approaches the
Carolina shell which I have named M. roscida (Proe. Phil. Ac.
Nat. Sci., xii, 174), though it shows less angularity of the body
whorl. A comparison of the original types may, perhaps, show
them to be identical. Mr. Conrad (Am. Journ. Conch., iv, 67)
says he is unable to distinguish my MW. roscida from his M.
limatula (fossil). In a fossil state the flecking of the MW. roscida
would readily disappear, and I think further examination may
establish the identity of the two, in which case Mr. Conrad’s
name would take precedence over all.

Sp. 90. MM. Sauleyana, Petit. The figure certainly repre-
sents, not the Sauleyana, but cincta, so as to fully justify
Reeve’s remark that it is ‘very closely allied to VW. cincta, and
possibly a variety of that species.” But MZ. Sauleyana, Petit,
is, in my estimation, quite a different affair, being identical
with MZ. Storerta, Couthouy, referred to in my note on the next
species.

7

94 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Sp. 92. M. erassilabrum, Sow. This is certainly not Sower-
by’s shell, which, as figured in Thesaurus Conch., is a small
species, only 5 lines in length. Reeve’s shell is a larger, well-
known species, inhabiting Brazil and a portion of the Caribbean
province, and which was first described by Couthouy in Journ.
Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc., under the name of JZ. Storerta. I can-
not doubt that it is identical with M. Sauleyana, Petit, not
Reeve. The West African MZ. amygdala is allied to it, but is
less shouldered, and altogether a less solid shell.

Sp. 98. M. vexillum, Redf. My name is quoted as a MS.
name in Cuming’s collection, but my description was published
in 1852 in Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., v, 224. But it was not
there figured, as the shell is exceedingly rare; and, as the ex-
ample figured by Reeve is far less perfect than my own, I now
present a figure of it which better shows the characteristic mark-
ings of the species. See plate 8, fig. 2, referring to the above
work, for the full description.

Sp. 99. M. bibalteata, Reeve. Habitat blank. This seems
to me to be the JY. gracilis, C. B. Ad., from Jamaica, described
in 1851 (Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., v, 46). The late Prof.
Adams sent types of his Jamaica species to Mr. Cuming, and
they should have been known to those who had charge of the
collection.

Sp. 100. MM. hvida, Reeve. Habitat blank. Very near to

the small varieties of W. avena, Val.

Sp. 103. MM. navicella, Reeve. Habitat unknown. Iden-
tical, I think, with MZ. rubella, C. B. Ad., in Proc. Bost. Nat.
Hist. Soc., ii, p. 1, 1845, from Jamaica.

Sp. 107. MW. alabaster, Reeve. A species without habitat
assigned, and of which only the back is figured. Very close to
Sowerby’s M. fauna, which is not mentioned by Reeve—the
chief difference seeming to be that Sowerby’s shell had a slight
tinge of color, while this is perfectly white. Sowerby, in the
Thesaurus, says that the habitat of WZ. fauna is unknown; but
in his description in Proc. Zool. Soc. he refers it to Curacoa.
I have specimens from Cuba which answer very closely to
Reeve’s alabaster, which strengthen my impression that JZ.
fauna and M. alabaster are one, belonging to the Caribbean
province.

Sp. 111. M. monilis (L.). Petit (in Jour. de Conch., ii, 57)
has well distinguished two forms which have been confounded
under this name. For that figured by Sowerby he has proposed
the name of Soverbiana. Reeve’s figure represents the true

OF CONCHOLOGY. 95

monilis, but his description better suits Sowerby’s shell, for he
says it is 4-plaited, while the true monilis is 5 and 6-plaited.

Sp. 121. M. chrysomelina, Redf. No relation to M. maecu-
losa, as Reeve suggests, but more allied to M. multilineata, Sow.

Sp. 123. M. margarita, Kiener. Repeated from plate 16,
but this time with the wrong habitat of ‘‘ India.” In the first
description it is correctly given ‘“‘ West Indies.’ See note on
M. candida, Sow., farther on.

Sp. 124. M. serrata, Gaskoin. Quoted only as a MS.
name, though Gaskoin’s description appeared in Proc. Lond.
Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 19. Gaskoin’s habitat, Mauritius, is more
likely to be correct than Reeve’s, which is West Indies.

Sp. 126. M. triplicata, Gaskoin. Quoted only as a MS.
name, though described in loc. supra cit. It is surprising that
Gaskoin’s paper is entirely ignored in this monograph.

Sp. 134. M. candida, Sow. I cannot distinguish this from
M. Margarita, Kiener. Had either of Reeve’s figures of the
latter given a front view, it might have aided us to decide. I
can see no essential difference between Sowerby’s figures of the
two species. Kiener’s figure of JZ. Margarita shows a more
rounded shoulder, but his figures of the small species in this
genus are very inaccurate, as already remarked.

Sp. 145. DM. semen, Reeve. Compare with M. ovuliformis,
Orb., which it much resembles.

Sp. 154. M Mhiliaria (.). Very badly figured.

In this monograph Mr. Reeve has added about +40 species
(some perhaps doubtful) to those already known, while he has
omitted about 50 species previously published, many of the lat-
ter being little known or doubtful. Among those omitted are
several of the species of Sowerby’s monograph. The MW. triti-
cea, Lam. (by some referred to M. exilis, Gm.), is among the
omissions, and the group of which that species is a representa-
tion needs further elucidation.

Mr. Reeve’s monograph enumerates (deducting some species
twice figured) 154 species, which only exceeds by 10 the num-
ber given in Petit’s catalogue of 1851, in Jour. de: Conch. ii,
pp- 51-56. My own MS. catalogue of published species con-
tains upwards of 200 species, but an inspection of the actual
types would doubtless reduce this number. When we note that
Dillwyn’s Descriptive Catalogue, published in 1817, names but
18 species belonging to this genus, we have an illustration of
the great advance which has been made in our knowledge of
the species of mollusca generally, within half a century.

96 AMERICAN JOURNAL

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSCA, PRINCI-
PALLY CRETACEOUS.

BY T. A.’ CONRAD.

PACHYCARDIUM, Conrad.

Elevated, thick, cardinal plate broad; ligament deep and ob-
lique; anterior cardinal tooth in the left valve slightly oblique
or nearly direct, prominent, compressed, triangular; anterior
lateral teeth distant, very prominent, with a pit on the inner
side; sculpture, radiating little prominent ribs on the posterior
side.

P. SPILLMANI, Conrad.

This genus is as easily recognised as Protocardia, but, unlike
the latter, it contains only two species, both of which existed in
the Chalk period, one in Mississippi and the other in India. The
Indian species, C. bisectum, Forbes, has more numerous wabs,
which cover half the surface; but the American shell has fewer
ribs, which do not extend so far as the middle of the valves. The
former has much more elevated beaks than the latter.

This genus has not been found in any formation later than the
Oligocene, and yet one recent shell, P. Belcheri, Adams, lives
in the Soloo seas, in deep water.

CARDIUM, Linn. %

C. RreLeYaNum, Conrad.—PI. 9, fig. 6.

Description.—Suborbicular, equilateral, ventricose; ribs 21,
broad anteriorly, narrow posteriorly, interstices crossed by pro-
minent minute lines.

Locality.—Haddonfield, N. J.

GEMMA? Deshayes.
G. CRETACEA, Conrad.—P 1. 9, fig. 19.
Description.—Triangular, subequilateral, convex, smooth and

OF CONCHOLOGY. 97

polished; anterior and posterior margins nearly equally oblique ;
extremities acutely and nearly equally rounded; beaks not pro-
minent or inclined.

Locality.—Tippah Co.? Miss.

NEMODON, Conrad.

Description. Equivalved, thin ; hinge line long and straight,
or slightly curved under the umbo; hinge in the left valve with
three linear teeth parallel with the anterior cardinal margin;
posterior lateral tooth double, very long, linear ; under the apex
a few granular teeth.

N. EvuraLensis, Conrad.—Pl. 9, fig. 16.

Description. Trapezoidal, elongated, thin, contracted from
umbo to base; summit obtuse ; concentric lines minute and punc-
tate ; radiating lines very minute and indistinct; posterior mar-
gin oblique, slightly rounded.

Arca (Macrodon) Hufalensis, Gabb.
Locality. Waddonfield, N. J.

This genus is related to the older Macrodon, Lycett, and to
the Eocene Arca heterodonta, which Deshayes places in a group
of 3 species, under the name Cucullaries. I think these 3 spe-
cies are not representatives of one genus, but of three. Macro-
don characterizes the Jurassic era, Nemodon the Cretaceous, and
Cucullaria, as represented by Arca heterodon, Deshayes, the
older Hocene.

Arca heterodon, Desh., is a species of this genus, which is ex-
clusively Cretaceous.

NEMOARCA, Conrad.
N. cretacea, Conrad.—PI. 9, fig. 21.

Description.—Trapezoidal, short, ventricose, subequilateral ;
ribs 30 as far as umbonal slope, linear, except 3 or 4 nearest to
the umbonal slope, which are wider, and one of them grooved;
ribs on the anterior submargin and post umbonal area close and
minute; hinge line linear, teeth minute, oblique.

Locality. UWaddonfield, N. J.

This small species more nearly resembles Striarca, Conrad,
than any other Cretaceous bivalve; but it has the cardinal teeth
oblique. ‘There is no internal plate, and the radiating lines are
more prominent than in Trigonarca. No species of this genus
has been found in the Eocene or later Tertiaries.

98 AMERICAN JOURNAL

TRIGONARCA, Conrad.
T. CUNEIFORMIS, Conrad.—PI. 9, fig. 1.

Description. Trapeziform, inequilateral, elongated, posterior
side cuneate; anterior side distinctly radiated; posterior radii
very minute, close, obsolete; umbonal slope angulated; post
umbonal area depressed, extremity acute; posterior hinge mar-
gin oblique.

Locality. Haddonfield, N. J.

The smallest species yet known.

PERRISONOTA, Conrad.

Equivalved, elongated ; posterior hinge line long, curved, lin-
ear, with numerous close, transverse teeth, extending nearly to
the end margin; anterior hinge area broad, oblique and some-
what distant from the hinge margin. No fosset under the apex?

P. PROTEXTA, Conrad.—PI. 9, fig. 24.

Description. Subensiform, smooth, convex; anterior side
short, extremity situated nearer the hinge than ventral margin.

Locality.— Haddonfield, N. J.
NUCULARIA, Conrad.

N. papyrra, Conrad.—Pl. 9, fig. 25.

For description see p. 44 of this work. The figure represents
a larger specimen, with some variation of form from that on pl.
no. 0s

Locality.— Haddonfield, N. J.

CY PRIMERIA, Conrad.

C. cRETACEA, Conrad.—Pl. 9, fig. 12.

Dosinia Haddonfieldensis, Lea., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1861,
p. 149.

This is the only species yet found at Haddonfield, where it is
abundant. Young shells are distinctly sculptured over the
whole disk with regular concentric lines, but the adult has them
only on the umbo, the other lines being those of growth. This
species is distinguished by its obtuse front margin, and the ele-
vated or less oblique hinge margins, compared with C. depressa,
Conrad. The figure in the Journal of the Academy represents
the interior; the disk is here figured together with the hinge.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 99

CAMPTONECTES, Agassiz.
C. ARGILLENSIS, Conrad.—(Pecten) Journ Acad. Nat. Sci. 2d
series, vol. iv, p. 283, pl. 47, fig. 3.

C. BELLISCULPTUS, Conrad.—PI. 9, fig. 11.

Description.—Ovate, compressed, thin and fragile; divaricating
radii distinct; concentric lines extremely thin and minute; 1n-
terior hinge line crenulated.

Locality.—Haddonfield, N. J.

The above description applies to the lower valve. I have not
seen the opposite valve.

SINSYCLONEMA? Meek.
S. stmpLicia.—Pl. 9, fig. 20.

The lower valve was represented in the Journ. Acad. vol. iv,
pl. 46, fig. 44. The upper valve is here figured. It is remark-
able for the prominence of the concentric striez, and has a few
obsolete remote ribs.

Locality.— Haddonfield, N. J.

RADULA, Klein,

R. DENTICUTICOSTA.—PI. 9, fig. 17 (Ctenotdes) Gabb, Proceed.
Acad. Nat. Sci. 1861, p. 327.

The ribs of the shell, when perfect, are sharply and minutely
carinated as well as crenulated.

Locality.—Haddonfield, N. J.

THELLIAINIDA.
METIS, H. and A. Adams.

This genus, which H. and A. Adams place as a subgenus un-
der Tellinide, is nearly related to Macoma by the hinge charac-
ter, but has a shorter and more ventricose and obtuse form. It
is readily recognised by its subequal sides, the broad furrow on
the middle of the right valve, and angular fold on the umbonal
slope. It occurs in a fossil state, and the following species com-
prise all that are known to me:

M. biplicata, Conrad ( Tellina),
M. medialis, Conrad ( Tellina), > Miocene.
M. unda, Conrad ( Tellina), \

M. tumescens, Dixon, Eocene.

Mr. Gabb has made a mistake in referring M. medialis, Con-

100 AMERICAN JOURNAL

rad, a Miocene fossil, to M. alta, Conrad, a recent Californian
species. The former is proportionally longer and less ventricose
than the latter.

MERCENARIA.
M. PLEeNA, Conrad.
Description.—Cordate, inequilateral, ventricose, oblique, with
close concentric rugose lines ; posterior side subcuneiform ; lunule
ovate; inner margin densely crenulated.

Locality.x—Eastern Shore, Md. Prof. Cope. Miocene.

I am indebted to Mr. Gabb for this species. It approximates
M. capax, Conrad, but is shorter, less ventricose, more oblique ;
the hinge character differs, and the pallial sinus is deeper and
more angular.

LIROSCAPHA, Conrad.
Beak terminal erect, acute.

L. squamosa, Conrad.—PIl. 9, fig. 28.

Description.— Oblong, ventricose, with unequal squamose or
spinulose ribs.

Locality.x— Haddonfield, N. J. Rare.

This is possibly a univalve. It resembles a Crepidula exter-
nally, but there is no testaceous lamina within. It may be re-
lated to Thylacus, Conrad, figured in the Journal of the Acad-
emy, vol. iv, pl. 46, fig. 22.

CANCELLARIA, Lam.
C. suBALTA, Conrad.—PI. 9, fig. 22.

Description.—Elevated ; whorls 6, convex, first three smooth ;
sculpture prominent; rather close longitudinal ribs crossed by
smaller lines, about 12 on the last whorl; these lines more dis-
tant between the suture and shoulder; labrum angulated above
the middle, thickened, strongly toothed on the inner margin;
base slightly produced.

Locality— Haddonfield, N. J.

EULIMA, Risso.
K. cRETACEA, Conrad.—PIl. 9, fig. 15.

Description.—Subulate, whorls 11? slightly truncated at base,
except the last volution, which is subangular or acutely rounded
medially.

Locality. Haddonfield, N. J.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 101

Distinguished by the whorls of the spine suddenly curved in-
wards above the suture.

GADUS, Rang.

G. opnutUS, Conrad.—PI. 9, fig. 18.

Description.—Slightly curved, gradually tapering above, more
suddenly towards the mouth, which is small.

Locality. Haddonfield, N. J.

CARDITAMERA, Conrad.
C. MACROPLEURA, Conrad.

Description.—Trapezoidal, ventricose ; large, prominent, flat-
tened on the surface, crossed by prominent lines: ribs 13, grad-
ually increasing in size from the anterior extremity to the umbo-
nal slope; the adjoining post-umbonal rib large, but smaller than
the umbonal, and between it and the dorsal line are 3 small or
slender ribs, the marginal one thickest; posterior margin ob-
liquely truncated; umbo broad.

Locality.— Virginia.
SAXCICAVA, Lam.
S. rnorra, Conrad.

Description.—Trapezoidal, inequilateral, convex, with minute
concentric lines ; posterior end obliquely truncated, biangulated ;
beaks distant from the anterior margin.

Locality.—E. shore, Maryland.

CYPRINOPSIS, Conrad.

Equivalve; two anterior cardinal teeth, and one very oblique
bifid tooth in the right valve. Pallial line entire.

Type.—Artemis elliptica, Smith, Journ. Geolog. Soe. vii, pl.
15, figs. 2, 3.

Meretrizx ovalis, Gabb, Palzont. Calif. Cretaceous.

This genus is nearly related to Cyprina, but the two subequal
anterior cardinal teeth of the right valve sufficiently distinguish
it. It has also a much narrower posterior tooth, bifid, not tri-
lobed or broadly channelled as in Cyprina.

PALAZOCORBIS, Conrad.

Equivalve ; hinge with a pit under the beak of the left valve,
and an obtuse anterior thick cardinal tooth; an anterior thick

102 AMERICAN JOURNAL

lateral tooth in each valve, in the left valve excavated; poste-
rior lateral teeth in the left valve 3, parallel with the cardinal
line ; pallial line entire; anterior side gaping.

Corbis cordiformis, D’Orbigny. Cretaceous.

This genus differs essentially from Corbis, Cuv., in the ar-
rangement of the hinge teeth, and is not of earlier date than the
Necomian Cretaceous. This fossil is common in Egypt as well
as France.

Whether Cordis rotundata, D’Orbigny, is a member of this
genus is doubtful, as the hinge character differs.

Triassic.
SOLEMYA.
S. TRIASINA, Conrad.

Description.—Oval, extremely thin; end margins subequal
and obtuse. Length 1? inch. Height 1 inch.

Locality.— Near Perkiomen Creek, Penn.

This cast, with portions of the shell remaining, is in a dark,
hard slate colored shale. Traces of the extra marginal perios-
traca are seen in plications on the stone. Plications are also
visible on the posterior side near the extremity on one valve, and
other obtuse folds may be the result of pressure on a very thin
shell.

My apology for describing this obscure cast is that organic re-
mains, especially shells, are comparatively few in the ‘Triassic
rock of Pennsylvania, and I wish to call attention to this bivalve
that better specimens may be searched for by collectors and nat-
uralists.

DON AX, Linn.
D. Forni, Conrad.—PI. 9, fig. 27.

Description.—Triangular, inequilateral, ventricose; extremi-
ties acutely rounded; radiated by minute, close impressed lines,
near the posterior ventral margin a few concentric lines are cre-
nulated by the junction with the radiating lines.

Localitykx— Haddonfield, N. J. Mr. J. W. Ford.

ERYCINELLA, Conrad.
Woodia levigata, Speyer, is a species of this genus.
Rteference.—Dunker’s Palzeont. pl. 30, fig. 8.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 103

SOLEMYA, Lam.

S. VENTRIcOsA, Conrad.

The external form and the rays indicate this shell to be a true
Solemya, where it must remain until the hinge has been seen.
Mr. Gabb refers it to Siliqua patula, Dixon, but it differs greatly
in form, being highest posteriorly, and especially varies by the
rayed posterior lines, and it is besides an extinct species.

104 AMERICAN JOURNAL

NOTES ON RECENT MOLLUSCA.

BY T. A. CONRAD.

PLEIODON MacmurtTreI, Conrad.

Swainson’s original Latin description of Zridina ovata reads
“testa leevi, transversim ovata,’’ but his translation reads ‘ trans-
versely oval.’’ The form of the shell known as J. ovata is nei-
ther the one nor the other ; it is elliptical, whilst the P. Macmur-
trei is perovate. Swainson says the umbones are placed nearly
in the middle of the hinge margin, in his species, but in the for-
mer they are much nearer the anterior extremity. It has been
suggested that our shell has received an injury, but this is a slight
deformity of a portion of the ventral margins. The broad and
prominent umbo, ovate and shorter form distinguish it from P.
ovata, independent of any accident.

P. ovatus, Adams, Genera pl. cxix, fig. 2, is a species distinct
from either of the above mentioned, and probably undescribed.

Busycon carica, Lam.

By some unexplicable oversight the name of Murex aruana,
Rumphius, 1705, was applied by me to B. carica. Linne’s first
reference to a figure is that of Murex aruana, Rumphius, but his ~
description and second reference to a figure in Gualteerz apply
to B. carica. This singular error is continued in several editions
of Syst. Nat.

B. gibbosum, Con., is erroneously given a synonym of B.
Kienert. It should stand thus:

B. exiceans, Montfort. B. gibbosum, Con.

CONUS, Lin.
C. STEARNSII, Conrad.—Pl. 10, fig. 1.

Description.—Subfusiform; sides nearly straight; spire ele-
vated, acute, longitudinally wrinkled; sides nearly rectilinear,

OF CONCHOLOGY. 105

or slightly concave; volutions slightly carinated at base; angle
of body whorl carinated; 10 revolving impressed lines on the
body whorl; color bluish brown above on the body whorl, with
revolving series of whitish spots and a brown dot between each
of the lighter ones; carina of body whorl marked by a series of
distant brown spots; lower part of body whorl yellowish, clouded
with a series of brown dots on the ridges between the impressed
lines; spire yellowish and brown spotted; labrum slightly sinu-
ous, spotted within.

Locality.—Oyster Bar, Pine Key, W. coast Florida. R. E.
C. Stearns.

This little shell belongs to a group of cones with elevated
spires, characteristic of the central Pacific and Atlantic coasts.
Mr. Stearns obtained 5 specimens, of which some were alive, on
Oyster Bar, in a small bayou at Pine Key ;, also on the beach of
mainland back of Long Key.

Carpium Nurrauuit, Conrad.

Mr. Carpenter makes this name a synonym of C. corbis, Meusch,
or of Martyn. Ihave not seen the description, but I make a
comparison of Nuttalliz with the figure given by Martyn:

C. corbis.—85 large ribs, with| C. Nuttallid.— Large ribs 28;
an intermediate smaller rib be-| no intermediate rib.
tween most of them.

3 wide ribs on posterior slope.| 6 close narrow ribs on poste-
terior slope.
Ligament narrow. Ligament very wide.

Narrower and much more
prominent beaks.

Locality.—Pooloo Condor—} Locality.—Upper California.
tropical China seas.

CAPULUS, Mont.
C. SHREEVEI, Conrad.—Pl. 13, fig. 3.

Deseription.—Hlevated, profoundly curved, compressed ; back
flattened, traces of longitudinal lines near the base, margins an-
gular.

Locality.—Long Island, 8. Carolina.

This curious shell is only provisionally referred to Capulus, as
it is not sufficiently perfect to classify without some doubt of its
generic character.

It was found by a young student of conchology, Miss Lizzie
Shreeve, to whom [I dedicate it.

106 AMERICAN JOURNAL

UROSALPINX, Stimpson.
U. Frioriwana, Conrad.—Pl. 12, fig. 4.

Description.—F usiform, longitudinal ribs distant, prominent,
thick, rounded; spire prominent, scalariform; whorls 6, penulti-
mate whorl with 8 prominent revolving lines; last volution
profoundly ribbed and having 10 conspicuous prominent revolving
lines; caudal ridge prominent, curved; beak recurved, longitu-
dinal prominent wrinkled lines are conspicuous over the whole
surface; aperture and columella purple; labrum with 7 lines
within.

Locality.—Tampa Bay, Florida.

This shell somewhat resembles Murex craticulatus.

It is rough, cinereous in color, and the lower part from labrum
summit to extremity of siphonal canal is three-tenths of an inch
longer than from the summit of labrum to apex.

RANELLA, Lam.
S. Gen. Eupuera, H. and A. Adams.
R. TAMPHENSIS, Conrad.—P] 12, fig. 5.

Murex Tampeensis, Conrad, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences,
vol. iii, 1846, p. 25.

BUSYCON, Mont.
B. ELICEANS, Mont.

Mr. R. E. C. Stearns has presented to the Academy a fine adult
specimen from Florida and a young shell, which, compared with a
specimen of cartea of about the same stage of development, pre-
sents the following differences: thicker than carica, the spines
- larger in front, but suddenly becoming very thick, distant and pro-
foundly elevated on the back, whilst in the cartca they continue of
a comparatively very small size. ‘The color of eliceans is bright
reddish brown, having a tinge of purple, with a broad white colu-
mella. The columella of carica is striated and has dark purple
lines, whilst the general color of the markings is purple black.
The lines of distinction between eliceans, carica, Kieneri, perver-
sum, coarctatum and candelabrum are strongly defined. If B.
carica and B. perversum are one species, how is it that perversum
should be abundant in Florida and unknown on the coasts of the
Middle and Eastern States, where cartica abounds? The perver-
sum attains a far larger size than carica; indeed I have never
seen an adult specimen of the latter among Florida shells, nor
did I see a specimen of any kind during the two months I was
collecting on the southern coast of Florida.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 107

B. eliceans is well represented in Reeve’s figure, Mon. spe-
ciés 16, which is misnamed Pyrula arwanum, and also in Chenu’s
figure with the same name. Manual, vol. ii, p. 180.

For good figures of B. carica, see Encyc. Method. pl. 488, fig.
3; Lister, t. 880, fig. 3; Gaulteri, pl. 47, fig. B.

MODULUS, Gray.
M. Froripanus, Conrad.—PI. 12, fig. 6.

Description.—Suborbicular, whorls 5, channelled at the su-
ture; penultimate and last volutions with transverse nodular ribs;
a revolving rib at the base of the whorls of the spire, slightly
nodular and continued on the last volutions below the transverse
ribs; shoulder rounded; revolving ribs of last whorl 8, rounded,
slightly nodular; white, with black spots; columellar tooth ob-
lique, perfectly straight, tinged’ with purple; umbilicus small;
columella concave, purple; operculum round, concave.

Locality.—F lorida.

This pretty species is smaller than JM. lenticularis, Chemn.,
and differs most obviously in having a rounded shoulder, more
numerous and smaller transverse ribs, and a round operculum.
The last whorl has conspicuous transverse wrinkled lines between
the ribs. The transverse ribs are small and numerous, and be-
come obsolete towards the aperture on the last volution. It may
possibly be a variety of MW. unidens, Lister.

CYRENA.
C. prorexta, Conrad.—PI. 12. fig. 3.

Description.—Longitudinally cuneiform, very inequilateral,
thin in substance, elongated, anteriorly ventricose, posteriorly
folded or contracted from the umbonal margin, behind the apex,
obliquely to ventral margin, which is emarginate in that part;
posterior extremity narrowed and obtusely rounded; prominent
concentric lines on the umbo; summit prominent, color white,
tinged with brown towards the posterior ventral margin and pos-
terior extremity ; within white, dark purple towards the posterior
end.

Locality.— Tampa Bay.

This species is longer than C. Floridana, and may be readily
distinguished by its whitish exterior and posterior dorsal line
straight to the extremity, as well as by its longer outline, more
prominent beaks, and less ventricose form. The palleal line has
a very short, sharply angular sinus. Several living specimens
were obtained by Mr. Stearns.

108 AMERICAN JOURNAL

MODIOLARIA, Beck.
Young specimens of MW. lateralis, Say, were obtained by Mr.
Stearns at Point Penallis and Rocky Point, Tampa Bay.
ANOMALOCARDIA, Klein.
A. Fuoripana, Conrad.—PI. 13, fig. 2.

Description.—Elongated, rhomboidal, ventricose, inequilateral,
beaks remote; summit very prominent and broad, slightly flat-
tened; umbonal slope rounded, undefined; ribs 29 to the umbo-
nal slope, narrow, flattened, grooved in the right valve; in the
left valve the medial ribs are entire; fine, regular waved concen-
tric lines cover the whole disks; periostraca brown and woolly ;
cardinal line straight; teeth small and numerous.

Locality.—Long Key, Gulf of Mexico; Galveston, Texas. R.
K. C. Stearns.

A long white species, allied to A. secticosta, Reeve, but pro-
portionally less elevated, with fewer ribs; the muscular impres-
sions are barely visible.

HARVELLA, Gray.
H. pactFica, Conrad.—Plate 12, fig. 2.
For description, see Am. Jour. Conch. ili, p. 192.
SPISSULA, Gray.
S. CATILLIFORMIS, Conrad.—Plate 13, fig. 1.
For description, see Am. Jour. Conch. iii, p. 193.

S. DOLABRIFORMIS, Conrad.—Plate 12, fig. 1.
For description, see Am. Jour. Conch. iii p. 193.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 109

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPHCIES OF TERRESTRIAL MOL-
LUSCA FROM THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS, INDIAN AR-
CHIPELAGO.

BY GHO. W. TRYON, JR.

The small collection of shells from the above locality I believe
are almost the only specimens of the Mollusca of the Andamans
which have been seen by any naturalist, as I cannot discover
any species attributed to these islands in the various mono-
graphs.* In view of this fact, and of the isolation of these is-
lands, we may rationally conclude that most of the shells which
may be discovered there hereafter will be peculiar to them and
new to science.

The Andaman Islands are a densely wooded group, situated
in the lower part of the Bay of Bengal, nearly two hundred
miles south-west of Cape Negrais, and about the same distance
north of the Nicobar Islands. They are scantily populated by
barbarous tribes. Area about 38000 square miles. A British
naturalist, Dr. Helfer, lost his life, a few years ago, from an at-
tack of the natives while endeavoring to investigate their natural
history. The mollusca are of course of Indian types.

1. Ruysora (Helix) CHAMBERTINI, Tryon.—PIl. 10, fig. 2.

Description.—-Shell turbinately depressed, rather solid, whorls
five, convex, with deep sutures, the last whorl slightly angulate
on the periphery. Surface marked with rugose growth lines,
decussated by numerous close undulating revolving strie. Aper-
ture oblique, oval; lips simple, thickened near the narrow umbi-
licus. Color chestnut brown, white within.

Dimensions.—Diam. 31, alt. 21, mill.

* The only conchological mention of the islands is in a paper by Mr.
W. 4H. Benson (Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. 3d ser. vi, 190, 1860), con-
taining descriptions of Helix Helferv, Streptaxis Andamanica, and Helv-
euna Andamanica, and in the Mal. Blatter is the description of a Helvx
from the same locality.

8

110 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Belongs to the group of which HZ. ovum, Val., H. rhea, Pfr.,
and other well known large species are members.

Named in honor of Capt. W. B. Chambertin, British Army.

2. AMPELITA (Helix) Braspyi, Tryon.—Pl. 10, fig. 3.

Deseription.—Shell depressed trochiform, solid, acutely cari-
nate at the periphery; whorls five, flat above, convex beneath,
with well impressed sutures. Surface marked by close slight
growth lines; color chestnut, without bands; aperture rhomboi-
dal, with white, thickened, reflected lip, partly covering the nar-
row umbilicus.

Dimensions.—Diam. 25, alt. 15, mill.

Much resembles H. wnicolor, Pfr., but that species is some-
what larger, and the margin of the aperture is chocolate colored.

Named after J. J. Bigsby, M.D., a zealous American natura-
list and collector.

3. Orosia (Helix) ANDAMANENSIS, Tryon.—Pl. 10, fig. 4.

Deseription.—Shell depressed, thin above, thicker below, shin-
ing, with impressed sutures and growth lines; spire but slightly
elevated ; whorls five, the last one slightly angulate at the perl-
phery, and more convex below; aperture lunate; lip simple,
acute, slightly reflected over the minute perforation. Light cor-
neous.

Dimensions. —Diam. 12, alt. 6, mill.

Resembles H. vitrinoides, Desh., but is a smaller species, with
one less whorl, more convex above, the sutures not margined,
and the striz of growth more distinct.

PLECTOPYLIS (Helix) ACHATINA, Gray.

Somewhat smaller, but does not otherwise differ from Indian
examples, either externally or in its armature.

4. Orns (Bulimus) PEALEI, Tryon.—Pl. 10, fig. 5.

Description.—Shell turreted, elongate, slender, rather solid ;
whorls eight, flatly convex; suture slight; apex papillary ; aper-
ture ovate, small; lip simple; columella perpendicular, forming
an angle with the lip at the base. Light greenish horn color,
white within.

Dimensions.—Length 35, diam. 9, mill.
Resembles Bul. elongatulus, Pfr., but’ may be distinguished

OF CONCHOLOGY. gH 19

from it by the whorls being less convex and the columella straight
instead of incurved.

Named after Mr. C. W. Peale, of Philadelphia, a gentleman
much interested in conchology.

5. ? Cyctostoma Lzat, Tryon.—Pl. 10, fig. 6.

Description.——Shell globosely conic, narrowly umbilicate ;
whorls five, convex, closely spirally striated ; aperture oval; lip
slightly reflected. Epidermis light brown, crossed by zigzag
darker flames, which are most apparent below the sutures.
Operculum ?

Dimensions.—Diam. 16, alt. 19, mill.

Hexicina Nricoparica, Phil.

Two specimens which I have carefully examined appear to
belong to this species, although the colored band is very indis-
tinct in one individual and not visible in the other. Mr. Sow-
erby (Thes. Conch. ii, t. 276, f. 381, 382) has confounded
H. Andamanensis, Benson, with this species, but Andamanensis
is much larger and, I think, distinct.

ScARABUS TRIGONUS, Troschel.

1 AMERICAN JOURNAL

NOTICES AND REVIEWS

OF

NEW CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS.

BY GEO. W. TRYON, JR.

T.—AMERICAN.

Proceedings of the Portland Society of Natural History. Vol. 1.
Part 2, 1869.

The Clio borealis on the coast of Maine. By Dr. W. Woop.

This rare arctic visitant of our shores was detected at Port-
land from the beginning of April until May 7th, 1868. Its
appearance is described to the unusual severity of the season.
There is no record of its occurrence in our waters previously
since 1838, when it was observed in the vicinity of New York.

Observations on the genus Unio; together with Descriptions of new
species in the family Unionide, and Descriptions of new species
of the Melanide and Paludine. By Isaac Lea, L.L.D. Vol. xii.
(With 26 plates). 1869.

Twelve volumes almost entirely devoted to the description
and illustration of new species in a single family of fluviatile
mollusca! Over forty years of the life of a gentleman of liberal
culture—an active and successful business man withal—almost
unremittingly devoted to the study of fresh-water clams! The
general public still scoff and cry cwd-bono 2? and men with a
smattering of science admit the service done by Dr. Lea as a
contribution of facts to the sum of human knowledge, but object
that he has ridden his hobby entirely too hard, and has made
species where there are no differences. It is unfortunate for
Dr. Lea’s popular reputation that these critics have not a better

OF CONCHOLOGY. tis

acquaintance with his subject, but it is a fact that not one pro-
fessed conchologist in fifty understands the true specific charac-
ters of the Unionide! It is only the very few who are initi-
ated that can fairly estimate the great value of Dr. Lea’s writings,
and properly appreciate the grandeur of this monumental work.

The species described in Vol. 12 have already been enumer-
ated by me in noticing the Proceedings of the Philadelphia
Academy where they were first published. They are principally
of the United States, although a goodly number are from South
and Central America and Asia Minor. The illustrations of
course are very accurate and of the highest artistic merit ;
indeed nothing inferior in this way would be tolerated by the
author, whose careful supervision of all the mechanical details
has rendered his volumes in all respects models of accuracy and
beauty.

IIl.—FOREIGN.

BRITISH.
Zoological Record, iv. 8vo. London, 1868.

Pages 485-602 of this valuable work contains the review of
Conchological literature for the year 1867, by Dr. Edw. von
Martens. ‘The work as usual, is very thoroughly done :—first
the titles of all separate works as well as papers in zoological
journals are given, next follow the faunas, and finally the mol-
lusca are reviewed by families.

FRENCH.

Nouvelles Miscellanies Malacologiques. By M. Pauapiuun. Parts 2
and 3. 8vo. Paris, 1867-8.

These papers have been noticed by me already, upon their
first publication in the ‘“‘ Revue et Magazin de Zoologie,’’ the
above title being adopted by the author for his extra copies.
There are several lithographic plates.

r]

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1869. No.1.

Descriptions Mespéces nouvelles du genre Pomatias, suivies

dun Apergu synonymique sur les espéces de ce genre.
By ALFRED DE SAINT-SIMON.

114 AMERICAN JOURNAL

P. Bourguignati, Pyrennees. P. Paladilhianus, Sicily.

“ Benoitii, Sicily. ‘“« Hispanicus, Bourg. Spain.
** protractus, Parreyss. Sicily, ‘ Madillianus, Pyrennees.
“ Ashenarum, Greece. ‘“* Hellenicus, Greece.

A synonymical list of the known species is annexed.

Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux. xxvi. Part 4. Mar. 1868.

Note sur le Limnea variabilis Millet et le Limnea glabra,
Var. 8, variabilis, Mog.-Tand. By Aspe Lup. BaRrDIN.

De la Classification de certains opercules de Gasteropodes.
By Cuas. DESMOULINS.

This paper I have already noticed from the separate copy
forwarded by the author.

Journal de Conchyliologie. ix. No.2. Paris, April, 1869. 96 pp. with
three colored and one plain plates.

Note sur la distribution géographique des Brachiopodes aux
Antilles. (2d article). By H. Crosses et P. Fiscuer.

Note sur la faune malacologique marine de Vile d Elbe. By
A. MANzonI.

Note sur la natation du Pecten maximus. By P. FIscHER.

Observations sur les principaux caractéres de la faune Mala-
cologique terrestre du Brésil. By A. D. Brown.

Note sur la provenance exacte del Helix Cambojeensis, Reeve.
By F. DANIEL.

Sur la synonymie du Loligo vulgaris, Lamarck. By P.
FISCHER.

Monographie de la famille des Realica, Pfeiffer. By Wm.
HARPER PEASE.

A very valuable catalogue of a family but little known by
most of our conchologists—the species being principally of re-
cent description.

Liste des espéces supposées appartenir au genre Assiminea

de Leach. By W. H. Pzase.

Omphalotropis macula, Martens, and O. fulvida, Pfr., and
Hydrocena fasciolata, Morelet, are all synonyms of A.
carinata, Lea.

A. lucida, Pease, n.sp. Isl. Annaa,

OF CONCHOLOGY. 115

Description @espéces nouvelles du genre Helicter, habitant
les tles Hawau. By W. Harrver PEAsE.

Leptachatina cylindrata, Labiella pachystoma,

So brevicula, «compacta,

<s tenwicostata, Amastra porphyrostoma,

S simplex, i solida,
Partulina compta, Laminella erecta.
Diagnoses Molluscorum Nove Caledonie incolarum. By

H. Crosse.
Turbinella Mariet, Bulimus scarabus, Albers, var.
Cithara Richardi, - Ouveanus, Dotzauer,
“© delacouriana, Neritina nucleolus, Morelet.

Pleurotoma Marie, Bulimus Alexander.

Note sur deux monstruosités remarquables del Helix pomatia,
et sur deux Paramacella de France. By PAavL GERVAIS.

Diagnoses Molluscorum novorum. By H. Crosse.

Murex Pazi, Antilles. Bulimus Aristeus, Equador.
Helix Cyrene, Oceania. Pupa gubernatoria, Bahamas.
“ Cymodoce, .* Pterocyclas ? Eudedaleus, Borneo.

Bulimus longurio, Chili. Helicina miltochila.
Fe Corydon, Equador. Ostrea Pauluccie.
Diagnoses Molluscorum novorum, By J. G. Hipateo.
Bul. semipictus, Equador. Bul. Bezensis, Equador.
Diagnoses Molluscorum novorum ret publice Mexicane. By
H. Crosse and P. Fiscuer.
Tebennophorus Sallet. Berendtia, n.

Streptostyla Botteriana. Type Balea Taylori, Pfr.(=Cylindrella,
(Urocoptis) Neweombiana, Gabb.)

Observations critiques sur quelques Paludines de U Indo-
Chine. By AntHuuR MoRELET.

P. Ingalisiana, of Reeve, Martens, and Frauenfeld, but not
of Lea, is made a new species, P. Frauenfeldi.

FP. trochoides, Martens. P. umbilicata, Reeve non Lea, is a
synonym.

P. Lyriesti, Morelet, P. Fischeriana, Mab. et Le Mesle, is a
synonym.

P. Sumatrensis, Dunker, P. polygramma, Martens, P. kineo-
lata, Frauenfeld and Mousson, and JP. filosa, Hanley, are
synonyms.

Bibliographie, Nouvelles.

116 AMERICAN JOURNAL

GERMAN.

Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-botanis-
chen Gesellschaft in Wien, Vol. xviii. Vienna, 1868.
Zoologische Miscellen. By Grora RITTER von FRAUEN-
FELD.
(Helix) Campylea Styriaca.

Beitrige zur Fauna der Nicobaren. By Gkora RITTER
von FRAUENFELD. (Contains a list of species.)

Archiv fur Naturgeschichte. 34th year. Part 4th. Conducted by Dr.
F. H. Troscuen. 1868.

The conductor reviews at length the Conchological literature
published during the year 1867.

CATALOGUE

OF THE RECENT SPECIES OF THE
FAMILY CORBICULAD &.

BY TEMPLE PRIME.

Family CORBICULADA:, Gray.
Proc. Zool. Lond. xv, 184, 1847.
Les Conques (ex parte), Lamarck, Lam. Phil. Zool. i, 318,
1809.

Les Conques fluviatiles, Lamarck, Lam. An. vy, 556, 1818.
Veneriade, Leach, in litt. 1818.

Cycladia, Rafinesque, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. et Nat. v, 1820.
Les Cyclades, Férussac, Tab. Syst. 43, 1822.

Cycladina, Latreille, Fam. Nat. 218, 1825.

Cyclade, Fleming, Hist. Brit. An. 409, 1828.

Cycladea, Deshayes, Encycl. Méth. 1830.

Cyrenide, Gray, Synop. Brit. Mus. 75, 91, 1840.
Cycladacea, Hinds, Voy. Sulph. 66, 1844.

Cyclaside, D’Orbigny, Voy. 566, 1846.

GeNus CORBICULA, Megerle.
Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Berl. v, 56, 1811.

Tellina (pars), Miller, Verm. ii, 205, 1774.
Venus (pars), Chemnitz, Martini et Chemnitz vi, 320, 1782.
Cyclas (pars), Bruguiére, Encycl. Méth. 1792.
Cyrena, Lamarck, Lam. An. v, 552, 1818.
Venulites, Schloth, Petref. 200, 1820.
28

128

1, Corb. Africana, Deshayes.
Cyrena Africana, Krauss, Moll. 8. A. 8, pl. 1, f. 8, 1848.
Cyrena Gauritziana, Krauss, in litt. 1848.
Corbicula Africana, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 222,
1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. Ann. Lye. N. H.
N. Y. viii, 224, f. 57,1866. Cape of Good Hope, Africa.
2. Corb. Agrensis, Prime.
Cyrena Agrensis, Kurr, in litt.
Corbicula Agrensis, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 128, 1861.
Prime Cat. Corb. 3, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii.
75, f. 24, 1864. Agra, India.

3. Corb. ambigua, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 345,
1854.

Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 223, 1854. R. Euphrates.

4, Corb. Amazonica, Anthony, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. ix,
1869. Rio Amazon.

5. Corb. amiralis, Prime, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y. ix, 1869.
Cochin China.

6. Corb. Angasi, Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863.
J. Conchyl. xii, 151, pl. vii, f. 6, 1864.
Murray River, S. Australia.
7. Corb. Astartina, Martens.
Cyrena Astartina, Martens, Malak. Bl. vi, 219, pl. iti, f. 6, 7,
1859. Lake Nyassa, Africa.

8. Corb. Australis, Deshayes.

Cyclas Australis (exclus. var.), Lamarck, Lam. An. yv, 560,
1818.

Cyrena Australis, Deshayes, Wood Index Test. Suppl. 2, pl.
xiv. f. 57, 1828. Encycl. Meth. ii. 50, 1830. Lam. An.
Desh. ed. vi, 270, 1835.

Corbicula Australis, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 230,
1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. Island of Timor.

9. Corb. baronialis, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. ix, 1869.
Moreton Bay, Australia.

10. Corb. Bengalica, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 344,
1854.
Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 224, 1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 4,
1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y. viii, 220, f. 52, 1866.

Bengal.
11. Corb. Bensonii, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 345,
1854

Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif, 223, 1854. Bengal.

129

12. Corb. Blandiana, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y. vii, 71,
f. 18, 1864. Laos Mountains, Cambodia.

18. Corb. Bocourti, Morelet, I. Conchyl. xiii, 228, 1865.

Cochin China.
14, Corb. borealis, Prime.
(Venus borealis, Chemnitz, Martini et Chemnitz, vii, 26, pl.
xxxix, f. 412, f. 414, 1784)?
Cyclas, Encycl. Meth. pl. 302, f. 8, 1792.
Cyclas borealis, Lamarck, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. vii, 421
1806.
Cyrena depressa, Lamarck, Lam. An. v, 553, 1818.
Hab.—?
15. Corb. Brasiliana, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 232,
1854

Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll. Prime, Monog. Corb. 7, 1865.
Brazil.
16. Corb. brunnea, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. 126, 1861.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 3, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y. viii,
67, f. 13, 1864. Tasmania.

17. Corb. castanea, Morelet, J. Conchyl. xiii, 228, 1865.
Cochin China.
18. Corb. Cashmiriensis, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii,
344, 1854.
Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 224, 1854. Cashmere.
19. Corb. Chemnitziana, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii,
60, f. 5, 1864. China ?
20. Corb. colonialis, Prime, Ann. Lye. N. H.N. Y. viii, 416,
1867. Java.
21. Corb. compressa, Deshayes.

Cyrena compressa, Mousson, in litt.
Corb. compressa, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 227, 1854.

Java.
22. Corb. consanguinea, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y. viii,
417, 1867. Tndaa

23. Corb. consobrina, Deshayes.
Cyrena consobrina, Cailliaud, Voy. ii, 263, pl. lxi, f. 10, 11,

1826.
Cyclas consobrina, Cailliaud, Cat. and Reeve, Nomencl. 29,
1845. River Nile.

24, bord. COusmaaE: Prime, Ann. “Lyc., N. HiwNe Wea
Malacea.

130

25. Corb. convexa, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 342,
1854.
Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 231, 1854.

Corbicula ventricosa, Prime, in litt.

Corbicula convexa, Deshayes, Prime, Cat. Corb. 8, 1863.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll. Prime Monog. Corb. 3, f. 1,
1865. Central America and Mexico.

26. C. cor, Deshayes.
Cyrena cor, Lamarck, Lam. An. y, 552, 1818. Delessert,
Recueil, pl. vii, f. 7, 1841.
Corbicula cor, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 221, 1854.
Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 63, f. 8, 1864.

East Indies.

27. C. crassula, Mousson. Mousson, Bellardi, Cat. 54, f. 12,
1854.

Prime, Cat. Corb. 8, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii,

216, f. 54, 55, 1866. Syria.

28. ©. Crosseana, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y. viii, 72, f.

20, 1864. Philippine Islands.

29. C. Cumingii, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 228,
1854.

Corbicula squalida, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 342,
1854. Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 238, 1854.
Corbicula notata, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. 127, 1861.
Corbicula Cumingii, Deshayes, Prime, Cat. Corb. 4,° 1863.
Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 217, f. 46—49, 1866.
Philippine Islands.
30. C. cuneata, Deshayes.
Cyrena cuneata, Jonas, Zeit. Malak. 186, 1844. Philippi,
Abbild. Conch. ii, 77, pl. 1, f. 6, 1846.
Cyrena globulus, Jonas, in litt.
Corbicula incrassata, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 342,
1854.
Corbicula cuneata, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 231,
1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 3, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise.
Coll. Prime, Monog. Corb 6, f. 5, 1865.
Orinoco River, South America.
31, C. Cyreenopsis.

Cyclas Cyrenopsis, Valenciennes.

Cyclas, Encycl. Meth. pl. 301, f. 3, 1792. Hab.—?

32. ©. Cyreniformis, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 321,
1860.

J. Conchyl. ix. 41, pl. ii. £ 5, 1861. Hab.—?

i

131

33. C. debilis, Deshayes.
Cyrena debilis, Gould, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iii, 293, 1850.
U. S. Explor. Expedit. Kil, 42,7, pl., xXxXVigul. 529, a. b.

1852.
Corbicula debilis, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 034,
1854. Hunter River, New Holland.

34. C. eee ane Prime; Ann.) liye,’ N. Hg Ngey.
Egypt and Smy ane

30. C. a. Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863.
oo wave.,.N. H. No Y. 62, f. 7, 1864. North Africa ?

36. C. ducalis, Prime.
Cyrena fluminea, Mousson, Philippi, Abbild. Conch. ii, 76,
Dlg £3, 1382%e Moll. Java, 87, pl. xx, f. 3, 1848.
Corbicula icles Prime, Proc. Soe. N. H. Bost. viii, 274,
1862. Pans Cat. Corb. 4.1863. Anu. lye: N. o-
N. Y. viii, 225, f. 58, 1866. Java.
37. C. episcopalis, Prime, Ann. Lye. N. H. N.Y. ix, 1869.
Cambodia.
38. C. erosa, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. 126, 1861.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 8, 1863. Ann. Lye. N. I. N,., ¥2 vill,
213, f. 40, 1866. Cambodia.

39. C. fluminalis, Megerle.
Tellina fluminalis, Miiller, Verm. ii, 205, 1774.
Venus fluminalis, Chemnitz, Martini et Chemnitz, vi, 319,
pl. xxx, f. 320, 1782.
Cyclas Bruguiere, Encycl. Méth. pl. 301, f. 2, 1792.
Cyclas Euphratica, Lamarck, An. Mus. Hist. Nat. vii, 420,
1806.
Corbicula fluminalis, Megerle, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Berlin, v,
1811.
Cyrena fuscata, var. Lamarck, Lam. An. v, 552, 1818.
Cyrena fluminalis, Bourguignat, Cat. Sauley. 79, 1852.
Corbicula fluminalis, Megerle, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif, 222
1854. River Euphrates.
40. C. fluminea, Deshayes.
Tellina fluminea, Miller, Verm. ii. 206, 1774.
Venus fluminea, Chemnitz, Martini et Chemnitz, vi, 321, pl.
xxx, f. 822, 323, 1782.
Cyclas Chinensis, Lamarck, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. vii, +21,
1806.
Corbicula fluminea, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat Conchif. 226,
1854. Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y. viii, 60, f. 4, 1864.
China.

132

41. C. fluviatilis, Deshayes.
Tellina fluviatilis, Miiller, Verm. ii, 206, 1774.
Vorbicula one ee Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 226,
1854 China.
42. C. See Prime.
Cyclas, Bruguiére, Encycl. Méth. 302, f. 2, 1792.
Cyrena fuseata, Lamarck (exclus. var.), Lam. An. v, 552,
1818. China.

43. C. gubernatoria, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y. ix, 1869.
Saigon, Cochin China.
44, C. gracilis, eas J. Conchyl. x, 389, pl. xiv, f. T, 1862.

' Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. Java.

45. C. imperialis, rare Ann. lige. N. A. N.Y. ix, £869;
Pondicherry, India.
46. C. insularis, Prime, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y. viii, 414,
1867. Formosa.

47. C. inequilateralis, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. 128,
1861.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. Ann. Lye. N. H.N. Y. viii,

80, f. 80, 1864. Africa.
48. C. gets Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y. viii, 68, f. 15,
Japan.

49. C. Kinki, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 66, f. 12,
Mozambique, Central Africa:

50. C. eM GEM Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 69
f. 16, 1864. Laos Mountains, Cambodia.

51. C. Largillierti, Deshayes.
Cyrena Largillierti, Philippi, Zeit. Malak. 163, 1844. Phi-
lippi, Abbild. Conch. ii, 75, pl. 1, f. 1, 1847,
Corbicula Largillierti, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif.
225, 1854. ee Cat. Corb. 8, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N.
H. N.Y. vill, 78, f. 27, 1864. China.

52. C. Larnaudieri, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. vii, 480,
1862. Prime, Cat. Corb. 8, 1868. Ann. Lyc. N. H.

N. Y. viii, 415, f. 69, 1867. Siam.
53. C. Leana, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 68, f. 14,
1864. Japan.

54. ©. leviuscula, Prime, Cat. Corb. 3, 1863.
Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 64, f. 9, 1864.
Cochin China,

133

59. C. limosa, Deshayes.

Tellina limosa, Maton, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. x, 325, pl.
xxiv, f. 8—10, 1809.

Cyrena limosa, Gray, Ann. Phy. 2d ser. ix, 137, 1825.

Cyrena variegata, D’Orbigny, Mag. Zool. vy, 44, 1835.

Cyclas variegata, D’Orbigny, D’Orb. Voy. 567, pl. 82, f. 14—-
16, 1846.

Cyclas limosa, D’Orbigny (error), Loc. sup. cit. pl. 82, f. 14—
16, 1846.

Corbicula semisulcata, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 343,

Corbicula limosa, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 231,
1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 8, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise.
Coll. Prime, Monog. Corb. 5, f. 4, 1865.

Uruguay, S. America.

56. C. Linneana, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 70, f.

17, 1864. Laos Mountains, Cambodia.
57. C. lutea, Morelet, Rev. Mag. Zool. 481, 1862.
Ann. daye. IN. Ho N.Y. vii, 61, f96, 186. China.

58. C. Lydigiana, Prime, J. Conchyl. ix, 855, 1861.
Loe. sup. cit. x, 388, pl. Riv, £.. 8; 1862. Prime, Cat. Corb.
3, 1863. Ann. Lye. N. HN. Y. viii, 214, f. 41, 1866.
Siam.

59. C. Malaccana, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 343,
1854.
Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 65, f. 10, 1864. Malacea.

60. C. Manillensis, Prime.
Cyrena Manillensis, Philippi, Zeit. Malak. 163, 1841.
Cyrena A las Philippi, Abbild. Conch. ii, 77, pl. 1, f. 5,
1847.

nes Manillensis, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 271,

1860. Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. Manilla.
61. C. maxima, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond., xxviii, 8321, 1860.
Hab.—?

62. C. mediocris, Prime, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y. vii, 481,
1862.

Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii,
414, f. 68, 1867. India.

63. C. minor, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 127, 1861.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii,
80, f. 29, 1864. New Holland.

134

64. C. per ele Hit Prime, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y. viii, 416,
Cambodia.

65. C. ee Deshayes.
Cyrena orientalis, Lamarck, var. Javanica, Mousson, Moll.
Java, 86, pl. xv, f. 2, 1849.
Corbicula Moussoni, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 227,
1854. Java.
66. C. Mulleriana, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 59, f.
1864. Fuh Chan River, ‘China.

67. C. Nepeanensis, Deshayes.
Cyrena Nepeanensis, Lesson, Voy. Coquille, ii, 428, pl. xiii,
f. 14, 1820. Now Holland.

68. C. nitens, Deshayes.
Cyrena nitens, Philippi, Zeit. Malak. 163, 1844. Philippi,

Abbild. Conch. ui, 76, pl. 1, f. 4, 1847.
Corbicula nitens, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 227,

1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 3, 1863. China.
69. C. obscura, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 342, 1854.
Hab.—?

70. C. obsoleta, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 348, 1854.
J. Conchyl. ix, pl. 2, f. 4, 1861. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll.
Prime, Monog. Corb. 4, f. 3, 1865. Uruguay...

71. C. occidens, Benson, Asiatic Journal. Brit. Mus. Cat.
Conchif. 223, 1854. Prime, Cat: Corb. 4, 1863. Ann.

Lyc. N.H. N. Y. viii, 220, f. 51, 1866. Bengal, India.

72. C. orientalis, Deshayes.
Cyrena orientalis, Lamarck (exclus. var.), Lam. An. vy, 552,

1818. Delessert, Recueil pl. vii, f. 8, 1841.
Corbicula orientalis, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 227,
4 China.

73. C. ovalina, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 848, 1854.
Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 229, 1854. New Holland.

74. C. ovalis, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 321, 1860.
J. Conchyl. ix, 42, pl. i, f. 6, 1861. Hab.—?

75. C. Paranensis, Deshayes.

Cyrena Paranacencis, D’Orbigny, Mag. Zool. v, 44, 1835.

Cyclas Paranensis, D’Orbigny, D’Orb. Voy. 567, pl. 88, f.
23, 25, 1846.

Corbicula Paranensis, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 231,
1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 3. 1868. Smith. Inst. Mise.
Coll. Prime, Monog. Corb. 8, f. 2, 1865.

Parana River, S. America.

135

76. C. parvula, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phil. 127, 1861.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii,
76, f. 25, 1864. India.

77. C. pexplexa, Prime, Monog. Corb. 75, f. 84, 1865.
Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll. Prime Monog. Corb. 75, f. 84,

1865. SS. America.
78. C. pexata, Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H.
Neva, 57, f.. 1, 1864. Fuh Chan River, China.
79. C. Pfeifferiana, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 417,
1867. China.
80. C. Pisidiiformis, Prime, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y. viii, 215,
f. 42, 1866. Siam.

81. C. Primeana, Morelet (non Mérch) Rev. Mag. Zool. 480,
13625 Ann Lyc. Noo. N.Y. vin, 08,622) 1s64.
Che Fou River, China.
82. C. prolongata, Prime, J. Conchyl. ix, 356, 1861.
Loe. sup. cit. x, 389, pl. xiv, f. 6, 1862. Prime, Cat. Corb.
4, 1863. Eastern Australia.

83. C. pulchella, Deshayes.
Cyrena pulchella, Mousson, Moll. Java, 88, pl. xv, f. 4,
1849

Corbicula pulchella, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 228,
1854. Prime Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. Java.
84. C. pullata, Deshayes.
Cyrena pullata, Philippi, Abbild. Conch. iii, 110, 1849.
Corbicula pullata, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 232,
1854. Sumatra.
85. C. purpurea, Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863.
Amn. liye, NH: N.Y. viii; 771,.f.. 26,1864.
Tigris River.
86. C. pusilla, Deshayes.
Cyrena pusilla, Parreys, Philippi, Abbild. Conch. ii, 78, pl.

Lt ie S47.
Corbicula pusilla, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 221,
1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. River Nile.
87. C. Quilonensis, Benson, 1860. Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y.,
vill, 224, f. 56, 1866. Quilon, India.

88. C. radiata, Deshayes.
Cyrena radiata, Parreys. Philippi, Abbild. ii, 78, pl. 1, f. 8,
1847.
Corbicula radiata, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 222,
1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1868. fiver Nile,

136

89. C. recurvata, Deshayes. ,
Cyrena recurvata, Valenciennes. Mag. Zool. 11, pl. 119, f.
2, 1835.
Cyrena Gaudichaudii, Valenciennes, (error). Loc. sup. cit.
pl. 119, f. 2, 1835.
Corbicula recurvata, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 226,

1854. China.
90. C. regularis, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 321, 1860.
Prime Cat. Corb. 6, 1868. Deccan, India.

91. C. rhomboidea, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phil. 127, 1861.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 8, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii,
66, f. 11, 1864. Malacca.

92. C. rivalis, Deshayes.
Cyrena rivalis, v. d. Busch. Philippi, Abbild. ii, 110, pl. 3,

f. 5, 1849.
Corbicula rivalis, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 228,
1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. Java.

93. C. rotunda, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. 80, 1860.
Prime. Cat. Corb 3, 1863. Smith Inst. Mise. Cell., Prime.
Monog. Corb. 5, 1865. Guyana S. America.

94, C. ayane, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H.-N. Y. vin. (t,o
186 Philippine Islands.

95. C. solidula, Prime.
Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 127, 1861. Prime, Cat. Corb. 4,
1863. Ann. Lye. N. H. N.Y. viii, 31, f. 31, 1864.
Hab.—?
96. C. Stimpsoniana, Prime.
Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y. viti, 222, f. 54, 1866. Hab.—?

97. C. striatella, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 344, 1854.
Corbicula violacea, Prime. Proc. Ac. N.S. Phila. 128, 1861.

Prime, Cat. Corb. 3, 1863.
Corbicula striatella, Deshayes. Prime, Cat. Corb. 3, 1863.
Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y. viii, 74, f. 22, 1864. India.

98. C. subradiata, Prime.
Cyrena subradiata, Kurr in litt.
Corbicula subradiata, Prime. Proc. Ac. N. 8S. Phila. 127,
1861. Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H.
N. Y. viii, 75, f. 28, 1864. India.

99. C. suleatina, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 346,
1854.
Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y. viii, 79, f. 28, 1864. China.

137
100. C. tennis Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 322,
1860.

J. Conchyl. ix, 40, pl. ii, f. 3, 1861. Hab.—?
101. C. triangularis, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 345,
1854

Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863. Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y. viii,
215, f. 43, 1866. ‘Habe?

102. C. trigona, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 344, 1854.
Prime, Bt. 4, 1868. Ann. Lye N. H.N. Y. viii, "221, 1
53, 1866. India.

103. C. trigonella, Deshayes.
Cyrena trigonella, Lamarck. Lam. An. v, 552, 1818.
Corbicula trigonella, Deshayes. Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif, 234,
1854. Hab.—?

104. C. tumida, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 3438, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1868. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii,
219, f. 50, 1866. Borneo.

105. C. venustula, Prime, Cat. Corb. 4, 1863.
Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y. viii, 73, f. 21, 1864.
Philippine Islands.

106. C. pues, Prime, Anc. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 228, f.
25, 186 Hab.—?
107. C. Woodiana, Deshayes.
Cyrena Woodiana, Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila. v,
110, pl. xviii, f. 55, 1832.
Cyrena similis, Gray, Griffith, An. Kingd. xii, pl. xx, f. 2,
1834.

Corbicula grandis, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. xxii, 344, 1854.

Corbicula similis, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 225,
1854.

Corbicula Woodiana, Deshayes, Loc. sup. cit. 225, 1854.

Corbieula Primeana, Morch, (non Morelet), J Conehyl. ix;
347, 1861.

Corbicula Woodiana, Deshayes, Prime, Cat. Corb. 3, 1863.
Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 226, f. 59, 1866. China.

TO BE EXCLUDED.

Corb. Chilensis, Prime. = Pisid. Chilense.
Corb. grandis, Deshayes. = Corb. Woodiana.
Corb. hammalis, Férussac. = Undescribed.
Corb. incrassata, Deshayes. = Corb. cuneata.

138

Corb. notata, Prime. = Corb. Cumingii.
Corb. Primeana, Morch. (non Morelet.) = Corb. Woodiana.
Corb. semisuleata, Deshayes. = Corb. limosa.

Corb. similis, Deshayes. = Corb. Woodiana.
Corb. squalida, Deshayes. = Corb. Cumingit.
Corb. variegata, Deshayes. = Corb. limosa.
Corb. ventricosa, Prime. = Corb. convexa.
Corb. violacea, Prime. = Corb. striatella.

Genus BATISSA, Gray.
Ann. Mag. N. H. n. ser. ix, 34, 1852.

Cyprina, Cyclas, Bruguiére, Encycl. Méth. 1792.
Cyrena, Lamarck, Lam. An. v, 553, 1818.
Venus, Gray, Wood. Index, Test. Suppl. pl. ii, f. 13, 1828.

1, B. atrata, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 14, 1854.
Hab.—?
2. B. Australis, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 346, 1854.
Australia.

2. B. Childrene, Deshayes.
Venus Childreni, Gray, Wood, Index Test. Suppl. pl. ii, f.
13, 1828.
Cyrena Childrene, Gray, Ann. Phily. 2d ser. 117, 1825.
Batissa Childrene, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 237,
1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Philippine Islands.

4, B. compressa, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 320, 1860.
Borneo.

5. B. Corbiculoides, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 14,
1854. New Guinea.

6. B. elegans, Prime, J. Conchyl. x, 385, pl. xiii, f. 1, 1862.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Hab.—?

7. B. elongata, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 320, 1860.
Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxiv, 324, 1863. New Caledonia.

8. B. fortis, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 320, 1860.
Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxiv, 524 1863. New Caledonia,

9. B. fuscata, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 319, 1860.

Hab.—?
10. B. gigantea, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. vii, 112,
1859. Hab.—?

11, B. gracilis, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 319, 1860.
J. Conchyl. ix, 38, pl. ii, f. 1, 1861. Hab.—?

139

12. B. humerosa, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 14, 1854.
New Guinea.

13. B. inflata, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 320, 1860.

Nicobar Islands.
14. B. insignis, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 18, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1854. | Calamang, Luzon Island.

15. B. Jayana, Deshayes.
Cyrena Jayensis, Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila. v, 108,
pl. xvii, f. 52, 18382.
Cyrena violacea, Lamarck (var. Javanica), Mousson, Moll.
Java, 88, pl. xv, f. 1, 1849.
Batissa Jayana, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 287,
1854.

Batissa sphericula, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. 1862.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Sumatra 2—Java.
16. B. Keraudrenia, Deshayes.
Cyrena Keraudrenia, Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 429, pl. xi, f. 3,
1829.
Batissa Keraudrenia, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif.
236, 1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Waigiou.

17. B. lenticularis, Deshayes, Proc. Zool, Lond. xxii, 14,
854.

Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Philippine Islands.
18. B. megadesma, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 14,
1854. Hab.—?

19. B. minor, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 520, 1860.
J. Conchyl. xiii, 207, 1865. Fejee Islands.

20. B. obesa, Deshayes.
Cyrena obesa, Hinds, Ann. Mag. N. H. n. ser. x, 81, 1842.
Voy. Sulph. 66, pl. xxi, f. 6, 1845.
Batissa obesa, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 238, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Fejee Islands.

21. B. Philippinarum, Hanley.
Cyrena Phiippinarum, Hanley, Proc. Zool. Lond. xii, 159,
1844. Hanley, Descrip. Cat. pl. xiv, f. 1844. _
Philippine Eslands.

22. B. ponderosa, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. viii, 273,
1862.

Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii,
231, f. 62, 1866. New Caledonia.

140

23. B. producta, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 18, 1854.
J. Conchyl. xiii, 208, 1865. eee Islands.

24, B. rotundata, Deshayes.
Cyrena rotundata, Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila. v, 107,
pl. xvii, f. 51, 1832. Hanley, Descrip. Cat. 98, pl. xiv,
f. 55, 1844, Java.

25. B. similis, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. vii. 112, 1859.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii,
229, f. 60, 1866. Nicobar.

26. B. solidula, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N.Y. viii,
83, f. 32, 1864. Hab.—?

27. B. tenebrosa, Deshayes.
Cyrena tenebrosa, Hinds, Ann. Mag. N. H. n. ser. x, 81,
1842. Hanley, Descrip. Cat. pl. xv, f. 2, 1844.
Cyrena regulata, Gassies, J. Conchyl. vii, 372, 1858.
Batissa tenebrosa, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 238,
1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Fejee Islands.

28. B. triquetra, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 13, 1854.
- Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1868. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxiv,
323, pl. viii, f. 17, 1863. J. Conchyl. xii, 207, 1865.

Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 230, f. 61, 1866.
Philippine Islands.

29. B. unioniformis, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 319,
1860.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Fejee Islands.

30. B. viclacea, Deshayes.

Cyclas, Encycl. Méth. pl. 301, f. 1, a-b.

Cyclas violacea, Lamarck, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. vii, 421,
1806.

Cyrena violacea, Lamarck, Lam. An. v, 553, 1818. Deles-
sert, Recueil, pl. vii, f. 5, 1841.

Batissa violacea, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 238,
1854. The Islands of the Pactfie.

TO BE EXCLUDED.

Batissa eximia, Deshayes, = Cyrena eximia.
Batissa impressa, H. and A. Adams, = Cyrena eximia.
Batissa sphericula, Prime, = B. Jayana.

141

Genus VELORITA, Gray.
Griffith, An. Kingd. xii, pl. xxxi, f. 5, 1834.
Cyrena, Gray, Ann. Phy. n. ser. ix, 136, 1825.
Venus, Gray, Wood, Index, Test. Suppl. pl. ii, f. 14, 1828.

1, V. Cochinensis, Hanley.
Cyrena Cochinensis, Hanley, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxvi, 548,
1858.
Cyrena Corbiculiformis, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. 80,
1860. Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863.
Velorita Cochinensis, Hanley, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii,
236, f. 66, 1866. Madras Coast, India.

2. V. Cyprinoides, Gray.
Cyrena Cyprinoides, Gray, Ann. Phy. n. ser. ix, 136, 1825.
Venus Cyprinoides, Gray, Wood, Index, Test. Suppl. pl. ii,

f. 14, 1828.
Velorita Cyprinoides, Gray, Griffith, An. Kingd. xii, pl. xxxi,
f. 5, 1834. Philippine Islands 2
3. V. parvula, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 418, 1867.

Hab.—2

Genus CYRENA, Lamarck.
Lam. An. v, 551, 1818.

Venus, Chemnitz, Martini et Chemnitz, vi, 333, pl. xxxii, f.

336, 1782.
Cyclas, Bruguiére, Encycl. Méth. pl. 301, 302, 1792.
Cyanocyclas, Férussac, Dict. Sci. Nat. xii, 1818.
Polymesoda, Rafinesque, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. et Nat. y, 219,

1820.
Mactra, Brognart, Mem. Vincent, 81, pl. v, f. 8, 1823.
Geloina, Gray, Synop. Brit. Mus. 75, 1844.

1. C. acuta, Prime, J. Conchyl. ix, 355, 1861.
Loc. sup. cit. x, 387, pl. xiv, f. 1,1862. Prime, Cat. Corb.
5, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll. Prime, Monog. Corb.

22, f. 17, 1865. Central America.
2. C. affinis, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 16, 1854.
Australia.

3. ©. anomala, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 21, 1854.
Cyrena Peruviana, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 259,
1854,
Cyrena anomala, Deshayes, Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863,
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll. Prime, Monog. Corb. 30, f. 24.
1865. Peru.

142

4, C. arctata, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 20, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll.
Prime, Monog. Corb. 16, f. 10, 1865.
Lake Maracaibo, S. America.

5, C. Bengalensis, Lamarck.

Venus Bengalensis, Lister, List. Hist. An. pl. 345, f. 182.

Cyrena Bengalensis, Lamarck, An. v, 554, 1818.

Cyclas Bengalensis, Férussac, Cat. 20, 1837.

Oyrena turgida, Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila. vy, 109,
pl. xviii, f. 51, 1832.

Cyrena Bengalensis, Lamarck, Delessert Recueil, pl. vii, f. 6,
a, d, 1841.

Cyrena turgida, Lea, Hanley, Descrip. Cat. 93, pl. xiv, f. 50,
1844.

OCyrena Bengalensis, Lamarck, Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1865.

Bengal, India.

6. C. Bernardana, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. 126,

1861.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii,
83, f. 33, 1864. New Caledonia.

7”. C. Boliviana, Philippi, Zeit. Malak. 70, 1851.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 27, 1865.

Bolwia.
8. C. brunnea, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 321, 1860.
Hab.—?
9. C. Buschii, Philippi, Abbild. Conch. iii, 78, pl. u, f. 2,
1849.
Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 243, 1854. China.

10. C. Californica, Prime.
Cyrena subquadrata, Deshayes (preoc.), Proc. Zool. Lond.
xxii, 21, 1854.
Cyrena Californica, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 276, 1860.
Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 24, 1865.
, California.

11. C. Caroliniensis, Lamarck.

Cyclas Caroliniensis, Bosc., Féruss. Meth. Conchyl. 1807.

Cyclas Caroliniana, Bosc., Hist. Nat. Coq. ili, 37, pl. xxin,
f. 4, 1810.

Cyrena Caroliniensis, Lamarck, Lam. An. v, 558, 1818. Say,
pl. Ixii. Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 254, 1854. Prime, Cat.
Corb. 5, 1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog.
Corb. 12, f. 6, 1865. Alabama, Florida and Greorgia.

143

12. C. Ceylonica, Lamarck.
Venus , eylonica, Chemnitz, Martini et Chemnitz, vi, 333,
pl. xxxii. f. 336, 1782.
Venus coaxans, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 3278, f. 536, 1788.
Cyclas, Bruguiére, Encyel. Meth. pl. 302, f. 4, a, b, 1792.
Cyclas Zeylanica, Lamarck, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. vii, 420,

1806.
Cyrena Zeylanica, Lamarck, An. y. 554, 1818. Prime Cat.
Corb. 6, 1863. Ceylon.
13. C. Chilina, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 418, 1867.

Chili.
14. C. colorata, Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 30, f. 23,
1865. Island of New Providence, W. J.
15. C. compta, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 18, 1854.
Hab.—?

16. C. conjuncta, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 15, 1854.

Hab.—?

17. C. Cubensis, Prime.
Cyclas maritima, D’Orbigny, Sagra, Cuba, Moll. ii, 280, pl.
Xx i 47—50, 1853.

Cyrena Cubensis, Prime, Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Mo-
nog. Corb. 29, 1865. Cuba.

18. C. Cumingii, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii. 22,
1854.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 25, 1865.
Central America.

19, C. Cypriniformis, Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863.
Ann, Joye: N.. N.oY. viii,,88, £..37, 1864.
Northern Australia.

20. C. Cyprinoides, cy, Voy. Astrolabe, iii, 513, pl.

Ixxxu, f. 1—3, 1834. New Guinea.
22. C. decipiens, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 17, 1854.
Hab.—?

22. C. divaricata, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 17, 1854.

New Guinea.

23. C. dura, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 20, 1854.
Hab.—?

24. C. dmg 2 Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 19,
Port Essington, Australia.
29

144

25. C. eximia, Dunker, Zeit. Malak. 51, 1852.
Cyrena impressa, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 18,
1854.

Batissa eximia, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif., 235,

1854.

Cyrena eximia, Dunker, Nov. Conch. livraison 8, p. 8, pl.
xxiv, 1857.

Batissa impressa, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 448,
1858.

Cyrena eximia, Dunker, Prime Cat. Corb. 6, 1863. Java.

26. C. expansa, Mousson, Moll. Java, 89, pl. xiv. 1849.
Brit. Mus. Cat. Gonchift 243, 1854. Java.

27. C. caquisite, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y.. viii, 417,
Panama, New Grenada.

28..C. Ae Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond, xxii, 15, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1865.
Australia—Philippine Islands ?

29. C. flava, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 820, 1860.
Hab.—?

30. C. Floridana, Conrad, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. iii, 23, pl.
dif, 1; 1846,

Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 257, 1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 5,

1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 28,

f. 21, 1865. Tampa Bay, Florida.

31. C. Fontaineii, Carpenter.
Cyclas Fontainett, D’Orbigny, Voy. 569, pl. 83, f. 14, 16,
1844.
‘Cyrena Fontainett, Carpenter, Carp. Mazat. Shells, 114,
1857. Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise.
Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 21, f. 16, 1865.
South America.

32. C. fortis, Prime, J. Conchyl. ix, 355, 1861.
Loe. sup. cit. x, 387, pl. xiv, f. 2, 1862. Prime, Cat. Corb.
5, 1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb.
i,t. 11, 1865. Ecuador, S. America.

33. C. Galathea, Rheinhardt, Morch, Cat. Kierulf, 82, pl. ii,
1850. Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863. Nicobar Islands.

34, C. be Prime, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y. viii, 417,

Tampico, M exico.

30. C, ae Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 19, 1854.
Hab.—?

145

36. C. inflata, Philippi, Zeit. Malak. 71, 1851.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 26, 1865.

Costa Rica.

37. C. inquinata, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii. 15, 1854.

China.

38. C. insignis, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 20, 1854.
I. Conchyl. ix, 39, pl. ii, f. 2, 1861. Smith. Inst. Mise.
Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 15, f. 9, 1865. California.

39. C. isocardioides, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 22,

Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 25, 1865.

Western Columbia, S. America.

40. C. Jukesi, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 19, 1854.
Cape Upstart, Northern Australia.

41. C. levis, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. 125, 1861.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii,

233, f. 64, 1866. Borneo.
42. C. lauta, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 15, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 7, 1863. Hab.—?

43. C. mactriformis, Prime.
Cyrena mactroides, Deshayes (preoc.), Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii,

17, 1854.
Cyrena mactriformis, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 281, 1860.
Hab.—?
44. C. maritima, C. B. Adams, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. vy,
499, 1852.

Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 345, 1854. Brit. Mus. Cat. Con-
chif. 258, 1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Smith.
Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 2‘, f. 20, 1865.

Panama.

45. C. Mexicana, Sowerby, Zool. Jour. 364, 1829.

Cyrena fragilis, Deshayes, Mus. Cuming.

Cyrena cequilateralis, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 20,
1854.

Cyrena varians, Carpenter, in litt.

Cyrena mexicana, Sowerby, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 260,
1854. (pars), Carp. Mazat. Shells, 115, 1857. Prime,
Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime
Monog. Corb. 22, f. 18, 1865. Mazatlan and Panama.

46. C. Morchiana, Prime, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y. viii, 232,
f. 63, 1866. Habe

146

47. C. Nicaraguana, Prime.

Cyrena solida, Philippi, (preoc.), Philippi, Abbild. Conch. ii,
78, pl. 1, f. 9,1847. Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 254, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 14, f. 8, 1865.

Nicaragua and Balize.

48. C. nitida, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 23, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863. Borneo,

49. C. nitidula, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 23, 1854.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 20, 1865.
South America ?

50. C. notabilis, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 21, 1854.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 28, 1865.

Peru.

51. C. oblonga, Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe, iii, 517, pl. 82, f. 6-8,
1834.

Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 257, 1854. Vanikoro.

52. C. obscura, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 321, 1860.
Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 15, 1865.
South America.

53. C. olivacea, Carpenter.
Cyrena Fontaineti, Philippi, Zeit. Malak. 70, 1851. Brit.
Mus. Cat. Conchif. 253, 1854.
Cyrena olivacea, Carpenter, Mazat. Shells, 114, 1857. Prime,
Cat. Corb. 5, 18638. Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime
Monog. Corb. 17, f. 12, 1865. Mazatlan.

54, ©. oviformis, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 16, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863. Port Essington, Australia.

55. C. pallida, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 17, 1854.
Hab.—?

56. C. Panamensis, Prime.
Cyrena inflata, Deshayes (preoc.), Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 28,

1854.
Cyrena Panamensis, Prime, Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime
Monog. Corb. 24, 1865. Panama.

57. C. Papuana, Lesson, Mag. Zool. pl. xi, 1832.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1865. New Guinea and Waigion.

58. C. placens, Hanley, Proc. Zool. Lond. xii, 160, 1844.
Hanley, Descrip. Cat. pl. xiv, f. 52, 1844. Brit. Mus. Cat.
Conchif. 252, 1854. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime
Monog. Corb. 20, 1865. Honduras.

147

59. C. placida, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 19, 1854.
‘Prime Cat. Corb. 7, 1863. Port Curtis, South Australia.

60. C. ponderosa, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. 80, 1860.
Ann, liye. N. H. N. Y. viii, 87, f. 36, 1864.
Philippine Islands.

61, C. proxima, Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863.
Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 85, f. 84, 1864. Siam.

62. C. pullastra, Morch, Malak. BI. vii, 194, 1860.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 26, 1865.

Nicaragua.

63. C. radiata, Hanley, Proc. Zool. Lond. xii, 159, 1844.
Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 254, 1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 5.
1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb.
13; i1, 1860. Nicaragua.

64. C. Recluzii, Prime. ;
Cyrena inflata, Deshayes (preoc.), J. Conchyl. iv. 251, pl. vii,

f. 9, 1853
Cyrena Recluzii, Prime, Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Mo-
nog. Corb. 24, f. 19, 1865. Central America.

65. C. regularis, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. §. Phila. 136, 1861.
Prone, Cat. Corb. 6,,1865. "Ann. yc.. Ne He N.Y) ving
90, f. 38, 1864. Hab.—?

66. C. salmacida, Morelet, Test. Nov. 26, 1851.
Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 259, 1854. Ann. Lye. N. H.N.
Y. vii, 314, pl. vi, f. 1, 1861. Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 29, f. 22, 1865. Yucatan.

67. C. Siamica, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 126, 1861.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii,

86, £. 35, 1864. Siam.
68. C. similis, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 16, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863. Borneo.

69. C. spherica, Prime, J. Conchyl. ix, 354, 1861.
Loe. sup. cit. x, 386, pl. xiii, f. 2, 1862. Prime, Cat. Corb.
T, 1863. Hab.—?

70. C. sinuosa, Deshayes.
Cyrena Zeylanica, Mousson, Moll. Java, 89, pl. xii, 1849.
Cyrena sinuosa, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 18, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863. Java.

148

71, C. sordida, Hanley, Proc. Zool. Lond. xii, 159, 1844.
Hanley, Descrip. Cat. pl. xiv, f. 51, 1844. Brit. Mus. Cat.
Conchif. 255, 1854. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime
Monog. Corb. 18, 1865. Central America.

72. C. sublobata, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 18, 1854.
Cyrena Caledonica, Gassies, J. Conchyl. vi, 277, 1857.
“« — sublobata, Deshayes, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxiv,
322, pl. viii, f. 16, 1863. Prime, Cat. Corb. 5, 1863.
New Caledonia.
73. C. suborbicularis, v. d. Busch, Philippi. Abbild. Conch.
iii, 77, pl. ii, f. 1, 1849. Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif, 251,
1854. Manilla.
74, C. Sumatrensis, Sowerby, Gen. Shells, 1, 1820-24.
Philippi. Abbild. Conch. iti, 109, pl. iii, f. 4, 1849. Brit.
Mus. Cat. Conchif. 242, 1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 6,

1863. Sumatra.
75. C. Tennentii, Hanley, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxv, 238, 1858.
Ceylon.

76. C. triangula, v. d. Busch, Philippi. Abbild. Conch. iii,
78, pl. ii, f. 8, 1849.
Cyrena altilis, Gould, J. N. H. Bost. vi, 400, pl. xvi, f. 5 bis,

1852.

Cyrena triangula, v. d. Busch, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif, 253,
1854...

Cyrena varians, Carpenter, (pars.) Carp. Mazat. Shells, 115,
1857.

Cyrena Mexicana, Carpenter, (pars.) Carp. Mazat. Shells, 115,
1857.

Cyrena triangula, v. d. Busch, Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 14, 1865. Mexico.

77. C. triangularis, Metcalfe, Proc. Zool. Lond. xix, 74, 1851.
Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 242, 1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 6,
1863. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii, 234, f, 65, 1866.
Borneo.
78. C. tribunalis, Prime. in litt. Tecames River, Hucador.
79. C. tumida, Prime.
Cyrena angulata, Deshayes, (preoc.) Proc. Zool. Lond.
xxii, 22, 1854.
Cyrena tumida, Prime, Smith. Inst. Misc. Ooll., Prime

Monog. Corb. 26, 1865. Central America.
80. C. Vanikorensis, Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe, iii, 515, pl. 82,
f. 4, 5, 1834.

Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif, 252, 1854. Vanikoro.

149

81. C. ventricosa, Deshayes, Prov. Zool. Lond. xxii, 16, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 6, 1863.
Australia and the Philippine Islands.

TO BE EXCLUDED.

O. equilateralis, Deshayes. = C. Mexicana.
C. Africana, Krauss. = Corb. Africana.

CO. Astartina, Martens. = Corb. Astartina.
C. Ayrensis, Kurr. = Corb. Ayrensis.

C. altilis, Gould. = C. Mexicana.

C. angulata, Deshayes. = C. tumida.

C. Australis, Lamarck. = Corb. Australis.
C. Caledonica, Gassies. = C. sublobata.

C. Charpenterianus, Bourguignat. = an Ancylus, typ. error.
C. Childrene, Gray. = C. Childrene.

C. chinensis, Ferrussac, undescribed.

C. compressa, Mousson. = Corb. compressa.
(. consobrina, Cailliaud. = Corb. consobrina.
C. cor, Lamarck. = Corb. cor.

C. corbiculiformis, Prime. = V. Cochinensis.
C. cordiformis, Recluz. = C. Recluzti.

C’. crassula, Mousson. = Cord. crassula.

. cuneata, Jonas. = Corb. cuneata.

C. cyclostoma, Bourguignat. = an Ancylus, typ. error.
C. Cyprinoides, Gray. = V. Cyprinoides.

O. debilis, Gould. = Corb. debilis.

C. Delalandit, Férussac, undescribed.

C. depressa, Lamarck. — Cord. borealis.

C. Deshayesianus, Bourguignat. = an Ancylus, typ. error.
C. Euphratica, Bronn, undescribed.

C. fluminalis, Bourguignat. = Corb. fluminalis.

C. fluminea, Férussac, undescribed.

C. fluviatilis, Philippi. = Corb. fluviatilis.

C. fragilis, Deshayes. = C. Mexicana.

C. fuseata, Lamarck. = Corb. fluminalis.

C. Gaudichdudi, Valenciennes. — Corb. recurvata.
C. Gauritziana, Krauss. = Corb. Africana.

C. globulus, Jonas. = Corb. cuneata.

C. impressa, Deshayes. = C. eximia.

C.. inflata, Deshayes. = C. Panamensis.

C. Islandica, Férussac, undescribed.

C. Jayensis, Lea. = B. Jayana.

C. Keraudrenit, Lesson. = B. Keraudrenit.

C. Largillerti, Philippi. = Corb. Largilliertz.

150

C. limosa, Gray. = Corb. limosa.

C. mactroides, Deshayes. = C. mactriformis.

C. Manillensis, Philippi. = Corb. Manillensis.

C. Moquinianus, Bourguignat. = an Ancylus, typ. error.
C. nitens, Philippi. — Corb. nitens.

C. obesa, Hinds. = B. obesa.

C. orientalis, Lamarck. — Corb. orientalis.

C. Paranacensis, V Orbigny. = Corb. Paranensis.

C. Peruviana, Deshayes. = C. anomala.

C. Petitianus, Bourguignat. = an Ancylus, typ. error.
C. Philippinarum, Hanley. = B. Philippinarum.

C. pulchella, Mousson. = Corb. pulchella.

C’. pullata, Phillipi. = Corb. pullata.

C. purpurea, Lea. = Venus gemma.
CO. pusilla, Parreys. = Corb. pusilla.
CO. radiata, Parreys. = Corb. radiata.

C. Raymondi, Bourguignat. = an Ancylus, typ. error.
C. recurvata, Valenciennes. = Corb. recurvata.

C. regulata, Gassies. — B. tenebrosa.

C. rivalis, v. d. Busch. = Corb. rivalis.

C. rotundata, Lea. — B. rotundata.

C. similis, Gray. = Corb. Woodiana.

C. solida, Philippi. = C. Micaraguana.

C. subquadrata, Deshayes. = C. Californica.

CO. subradiata, Kurr. — Corb. subradiata.
C. tenebrosa, Hinds. = B. tenebrosa.
C’. triyonella, Lamarck. = Corb. trigonella.

C. turgida, Lea. = C. Bengalensis.

C. variegata, D’Orbigny. = Corb. limosa.
C. violacea, Lamarck. = B. violacea.

O. Woodiana, Lea. = Corb. Woodiana.

Genus SPHERIUM, Scopoli.
Scopoli, Introduct. 397, 1777. ;

Chama, d Argenville, Hist. Nat. Lithol. Conchyl. 868, 374,

pl. xxxi, No. 9, 1742.
Tellina, Linneeus, Linn. Syst. Nat. x, edit. I, 678, 1758.
Cardium, Dacosta, Brit. Conch. 173, pl. xiii, f. 2, 1778.
Cyclas, Bruguiére, Encycl. Meth. pl]. 801, 1792.
Nuxz, Humphrey, Mus. Calonn. 59, 1797.
Musculium, Link., Coll. Univ. Bostock. pt. iii, 151, 1807.
Cornea, Megerle, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Berlin, v. 56, 1811.
Corneocyclas, Férussac, Dict. Sci, Nat. xu, 277, 1818.
Amesoda, Rafinesque, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. et Nat. v. 310,

1820.

151

Cycladites, Kriiger, Gesch. Urwelt. ii, 469, 1828.
Pisidium, Verany, Descriz. Genova ii, 1846.

1. Sph. Argentinum, D’Orbigny.
Cyclas Argentina, D’Orbigny, Mag. Zool. 1835, 568, pl. 83,
f. 5-7, 1844.
Sph. Argentinum, D’Orbigny, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 272,
1854. Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 81, 1862. Smith Inst.
Mise. ColJ., Prime Monog. Corb. 52, 1865.
Montevideo, S. America.
2. Sph. aureum, Prime.
Cyclas aurea, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 159, 1851.
Sph. aureum, Prime, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 268, 1854.
Proc. Ac. N. 8S. Phila., 404, 1861. Prime, Cat. Corb.
9, 1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb.
35, f. 26, 1865.
Lake Superior, U. S. of America.
3. Sph. Bahiense, Spix.
Cylas Bahiensis, Spix. Test. Bras. 32, pl. xxv. f. 5, 6, 1827.
Mem. Soe. Phys. H. N. Geneva, vii, 414, 1836.
Cyclas maculata, Anton. (non Morelet), Wiegm. Archiv.
284, 1837.
Pisum maculatum, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 283,
1854.
Pisum Bahiense, Deshayes, loc. sup. cit. 284, 1854.
Musculium Bahiense, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
451, 1858.
Musculium maculatum, H. and A. Adams, loc. sup. cit. il,
451, 1858.
Sph. Bahiense, Spix, Proc. Ac. N. 8S. Phila. 32, 1862.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 12, 1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 53, f. 52, 1865.
Bahia, Brazil.

4.Sph. Barbadense, Prime, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 415,
1861.

Prime, Cat. Corb. 12, 1863, Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll.,

Prime, Monog. Corb. 53, f. 53, 1865.
Barbadoes, W. Indies.

5. Sph. Brochonianum, Bourguignat, Mem. Soc. Se. phys.
et. nat. Bord. i, 1854.
Cyclas Corsa, Charpentier, in litt. France.

6. Sph. Capense, Krauss.
Cyclas Capensis, Krauss, Moll. S. A. T, pl. 1, fig. 6, 1848.
Sph. Capense, Krauss, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 265, 1854.
Cape of Good Hope, Africa.

152

7. Sph. contractum, Prime, Cat. Corb. ii, 1863.
Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 48, f. 46,
1865. Alabama, U. S. of America.

8. Sph. Cooperianum, Prime, in litt. California.

9. Sph. corneum, Scopoli.
Chama cinerea, d’Argenville, Hist. nat. Lithol. Conch. 2d
edit. 826, 321, pl. xxvii, f. 9, 1742.

Tellina cornea, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x, edit. i, 678, 1758.

Tellina rivalis, Miller, Verm. ii, 202, 1774.

Spherium corneum, Scopoli, Introduct. 397, 1777.

Cardium nux, Dacosta, Brit. Conch. 178, pl. xiii, f. 2-2,
ATTS:

Nux nigella, Humphrey, Mus. Calonn. 59, 1797.

Cardium amnicum, Pultney, Cat. Dorset. 31, 1799.

Cyclas cornea, Draparnaud, Tabl. Moll. 195, 1801.

Cardium corneum, Montagu, Test. Brit. 86, 1803. °

Cyclas rivalis, Draparnaud, Hist. Moll. 129, pl. x, f. 4, 5,
1805.

Cornea communis, Megerle, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Berlin, v,
56, 1811.

Cyclas alata, Leach, in litt. in Mus. Brit. 1818-19-20.

Cyclas stagnicola, Leach, in litt. in Mus. Brit. 1818-19--20.

Cycladites corneus, Kriiger, Gesch. Urwelt. ii, 469, 1828.

Cyclas fossarum, Krynicki, in litt. 183—

Cyclas nucleus, Studer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Se. Nat. i, 25, -
1837.

Cyclas tumida, Zeigler, in litt. Féruss. Cat. 20, 1837.

Cyclas Leachii, Zeigler, in litt. Villa. Cat. 44, 1841.

Cyclas plumbeus, Villa., loc. sup. cit. 44, 1841.

Cyclas citrina, Brown, lust. Conch. Gr. Brit. ete. 93, pl.
xxxix, f. 19, 1842.

lie pee, Macgillivroy, Hist. Moll. An. 208, 246,

Pisidium cornea, Verany, Descriz. Genova, ii, 1846.
Cyclas isocardioides, Normand, Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr. 668,
1852.

Sph. corneum, Scopoli, Mem. Soc. Se. phys. et nat. Bord. 1.
1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 12, 1863. Europe.

10. Sph. Creplini, Dunker.
Cyclas Creplini, Dunker, Zeit. Malak. 20, 1845.
Pisum Creplini, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 280,
1854.
Sph. Creplint, Dunker, Normand. Cycl. Dépt. Nord. 3, 1854.

153

Musculium Creplini, Dunker, H. and A. Adams, gen. rec.
Moll. ii, 451, 1858.
Sph. Creplini, Dunker, Prime, Cat. Corb. 12, 1863.
Europe.
11. Sph. Cubanum, Prime, Cat. Corb. 12, 1863.
Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 58, f. 60,
1863, Cuba, W. Indies.

12. Sph. dingoli, Bivona.
Cyclas dingoli, Bivona, Gior. Sci. Lett. ed. Arte. Palermo.
Ixvi, 221, 1839.
Pisidium dingoli, Bivona, Villa, Cat. 44, 1841. Brit.
Mus. Cat. Conchif. 285, 1854. Sicily.

13. Sph. dentatum, Haldeman.
Cyclas dentata, Hald., Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. i, 100, 1841.
Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 250, 1852.
Sph. dentatum, Hald., Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog.
Corb. 40, fig. 32, 1865. Oregon, U. S. of America.

14. Sph. egregium, Gould.
Cyclas egregia, Gould, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iii, 292, 1850.
U. 8. Explor. Expedit. xii, 425, f. 526, 1852.
Oceaniea.
15. Sph. elevatum, Haldeman.
Cyclas elevata, Hald., Proc. Acad. N. 8. Phila. 1, 53, 1841,
N. H.N. Y. v, 224, 1843.
Cyclas pallida, de Charpentier, in litt, 1851.
Sph. elevatum, Hald., Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 269, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 10, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 44, f. 41, 1865. U.S. of America.

16. Sph. emarginatum, Prime.
Cyclas emarginata, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 156,
1851.
Sph. emarginatum, Prime, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 267,
1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 10, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise.
Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 43, f. 88, 1865.

U. S. of America.
17. Sph. fabale, Prime.
Cyclas fabalis, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 159, 1851.
Cyclas castanea, Prime, loc. sup. cit. iv, 160, 1851.
Jyclas sulculosa, de Charpentier, in litt. 1851.
Sph. castaneum, Prime, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 270, 1854.
Sph. fabale, Prime, loc. sup. cit. 269, 1854. Prime, Cat.
Corb. 10, 1868. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime
Monog. 40, f. 33, 1865. U. S. of America.

154

18. Sph. ferrugineum, Krauss.
Cyclas ferruginea, Krauss, Moll. 8. A. 7, pl. 1, fig. 7, 1848.
Pisidium parasiticum, Parreys, in litt.
SR ie Krauss, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 281,
54.
Pisum parasiticum, Parreys, loc. sup. cit. 280, 1854.
Musculium parasiticum, Parreys, H. and A. Adams, gen. ree.
Moll. ii, 452, 1854.
Musculium ferrugineum, Krauss, loc. sup. cit. ii, 451, 1858.
South Africa.
19. Sph. flavum, Prime.
Cyclas flava, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 155, 1851.
Sph. flavum, Prime, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 268, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 10, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 43, f. 89, 1865.
U. S. of America.

20. Sph. inconspicuum, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii,
322, 1860. Asia Minor.

21. Sph. Indicum, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxii, 342,
1854

Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 265, 1854. East Indies.

22. Sph. Jayanum, Prime.
Cyclas Jayensis, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 157, 1854.
Sph. Jayanum, Prime. Prime, Cat. Corb. 11, 1863. Smith.
Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 46, 47, f. 43,

1865. U. S. America.
23. Sph. Jeannoti, Normand, Cycl. Dept. Nord. 2, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 13, 1868. France.

- 24. Sph. lacustre, Férussac.

Tellina lacustris, Miller, Verm. ii, 204, 1774.

Cardium lacustre, Montagu, Test. Brit. 89, 1808.

Cyclas calyculata, Draparnaud, Hist. Moll. 150, pl. x, f. 14,
15, 1805.

Musculium lacustre, Link., Coll. Univ. Rostock, Part ii, 152,
1807.

Cyclas lacustris, Férussac, Méth. Conchyl. 128, 1807.

Tellina tuberculata, Alten, System, Abhandl. 4, pl. 1, f. 1,
1812.

Tellina tenera, Schrank, Ann. Wetterau. 516, 1814.

Cyclas tuberculata, Klees, Dissert. Tubing. 45, 1818.

Tellina stagnicola, Shephard, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xiv,
150, 1828.

Sph. lacustre, Bourguignat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 845, 1858.
Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 262, 1854.

155

Cyclas Perezeit, Villa, in litt. 1854. =
Sph. lacustre, Férussac, Prime, Cat. Corb. 13, 1863.

25. Sph. lenticula, Gould.

Incina lenticula, Gould, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iii, 256, 1850.

Cyclas lenticula, Gould, U. 8. Explor. Expedit. xii, 413, pl.
xxxvi, f. 528, 1852.

Sph. lenticula, Gould, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 86, 1862.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 11, 1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 51, f. 51, 1865. California.

26. S. maculatum, Morelet.

Cyclas maculata, Morelet, Test. Nov. 25, 1851.

iS. maculatum, Morelet, Proc. Acad. N. 8S. Phila. 33, 1862.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 11, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 55, f. 55,1865. Yucatan, Mezico.

27. S. Madagascariense, Tristam, Proc. Zool. Lond. 61,
1863. Near Antanarivo, Madagascar.

Europe.

28. S. Modioliforme, Anton.
Cyclas modioliformis, Anton, Wiegm. Archiv. 228, 1837.
Pisidium diaphanum, Haldeman, Proc. Ac. N. 8S. Phila. i,
58, 1841.
Pisum Modioliforme, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 283.
1853.

Pisidium Moquinianum, Bourguignat, Rev. Mag. Zool. —
1855.

Cyclas Moquiniana, Gassies, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord, xx, —
1855.

Cyclas striatella, Férussac, Museum of Paris.

Cyclas littoralis, Ferussac, Cabinet of Michaud, Lyons.

Cyclas Venezuelensis, Prime, Museum of Leyden.

Museculium Modiohforme, H. and A. Adams, gen. rec. Moll.
ii, 451, 1858.

S. Modioliforme, Anton, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 82, 1862.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 54, 1865.

South America.

29. S. nobile, Gould.
Cyclas nobilis, Gould, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. v, 229, 1855.
U.S. Explor. Expedit. xii, 426, pl. xxxvi, f. 527, 1852.
S. nobile, Gould, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 407, 1861. Prime,
Cat. Corb. 10, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime
Monog. Corb. 41, f. 85. 1865. U. S. of America.

30. S. Novee-Zelandize, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Lond. XXii,
3842, 1854.

Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 272, 1854.
New Zealand and New Holland.

156

31. S. occidentale, Prime.
Cyclas ovalis (preoc), Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 276,
1852.

Cyclas occidentalis, Prime, loc. sup. cit. v, 122, 1855.

S. ovale, Stimpson, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
450, 1858.

S. occidentale, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 407, 1861.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 10, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 41, f. 34,1865. U.S. of America.

32. S. ovale, Ferussac.
Cyclas lacustris, Draparnaud, Hist. Moll. 130, pl. x, f. 6, 7,
1805.

Cyclas ovalis, Ferussac, Meth. Conchyl. 128, 136, 1807.
Cyclas consobrina, Ferussac, Dict. Sci. Nat. xii, 279, 1818.
S. Deshayesianum, Bourguignat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 845, 1853.
iS. ovale, Ferussac, Mem. Soc. Sc. Phys. Bord. i, 1854.

S. consobrinum, Ferussac, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 263, 1854.
S. pallidum, Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H. 2d ser. xvii, 465, 1856.
S. ovale, Férussac, Prime Cat. Corb. 12, 1863. Hurope.

33. S. partumeium, Say.

Cyclas cornea, Lam., var. 2, An. v, 558, 1818.

Cyclas partumeia, Say, J. Ac. N. 8. Phila. ii, 880, 1822.
Gould, Invert. 73, f. 54, 1841.

Cyclas orbicularia, Barrat, Amer. J. Sci. xlviii, 276, 1845.

Cyclas mirabilis, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 157, 1851.

Cyclas coerulea, Prime, loc. sup. cit. iv, 161, 1851.

S. partumeium, Say, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 266, 1854.

S. mirabile, Prime, loc. sup. cit. 269, 1854.

S. orbicularium, Barrat, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll.
ii, 450, 1858.

iS. ceruleum, Prime, loc. sup. cit. 11, 450, 1858.

S. partumeium, Say, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 29, 1862. Prime,
Cat. Corb. 10, 1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime
Monog. Corb. 45, f. 42, 1865. U. S. of America.

34. S. patella, Gould.
Cyclas patella, Gould, Proc. Soc. N. H. iii, 292,1850. U.S.
Explor. Expedit. xii, 426, pl. xxxvi, f. 527, 1852.
S. patella, Gould, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif, 271, 1854. Prime
Cat. Corb. 10, 1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime
Monog. Corb. 42, f. 36, 1865. Oregon, U.S. of America.

35. S. perpusillum, Gartner.
Cyclas perpusilla, Gartner, Ann. Wetterau. iii, 316.
Pisum perpusillum, Gartner, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 285,
1854 Hanover, Germany.

157

36. S. rhomboideum, Say.
Cyclas cornea. Lam., var. 3, An. v. 558, 1818.
Cyclas rhomboidea, Say, J. Ac. N. 8. Phila. ii, 380, 1822.
Cyclas elegans, C. B. Adams, J. N. H. Bost. iii, 330, pl. iii,
f. 11, 1840. Gould, Invert. 74, f. 55, 1841. N. H.N.
Y. v, 224, 1843.
Cyclas rhomboidea, Say, N. H. N. Y. v, 224, pl. xxv, f. 263,
1848. Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y. vi, 66, pl. 1, f. 4, 1853.
S. rhomboideum, Say, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 266, 1854.
S. elegans, C. B. Adams, loc. sup. cit. 270, 1854.
S. rhomboideum, Say, Prime Cat. Corb. 9, 1863. Smith. Inst.
Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 39, f. 31, 1865.
U. S. of America.
37. S. rivicola, Lamarck.
Chama albida, d’Argenville, Hist. Nat. Lithol. Conch. 368
pl. xxxi, f. 9, 1742.
Tellina cornea (pars), Schréter, Fluss. Conch. 189, pl. iv, f.

?

’

Cyclas cored, (pars), Draparnaud, Tabl. Moll. 105, var. a,
1801.

Cyclas rivieola, Lamarck, An. v, 558, 1818.

Cyclas sabulicola, Krynicki, in litt. 1883—

Cyclas cequata, junior, Sheppard, in litt. 1840.

S. riviculum, Leach, Morch. Cat. Conch. 30, 1858.

SS. rwvicola, Lamarck, Rev. Mag. Zool. 345, 1853. Mem. Soe.
Sc. Phys. et Nat. Bord. i, 1854. Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif.
261. 1854. Prime Gat. Corb. 12, 1863. Hurope.

38. S. rosaceum, Prime.
Cyclas rosacea, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 155, 1851.
S. rosaceum, Prime, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 270, 1854.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 11, 1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 50, f. 48, 1865.
Schuylkill River, U. S. of America.
39. S. Ryckholtii, Normand.

Cyclas Ryckholtii, Normand, Not. Cycl. Valenc. 7, f. 5, 6,
1844

S. Ryckholtii, Normand, Rev. Mag. Zool. 845, 1853.
S. strictum, Normand, Cycl. Dépt. Nord. 3, 1854.
S. Ryckholtw, Normand, Prime Cat. Corb. 12, 1863. France.

40. S. Scaldianum, Normand.
Cyclas Scaldiana, Normand, Not. Cycl. Valence. 5, f. 1, 2,
1844.
S. corneum (pars), Bourguignat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 345, 1853.
iS. citrinum, Normand, Cycl. Dept. Nord. 1, 1854.

158

S. Scaldianum, Normand, Mem. Soe. Se. Phys. et Nat. Bord.
i, 1854. Prime Cat. Corb. 12, 1868. Europe.

41, S. securis, Prime.

Cyclas securis, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 160, 1851.

Cyclas cardissa, Prime, loc. sup. cit. iv, 160, 1851.

Cyclas securis, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. v, 218, pl. vi,
1852.

Cyclas crocea, Lewis, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. v, 25, 1854.

S. cardissa, Prime, Brit. Mis. Cat. Conchif. 268, 1854.

S. securis, Prime, loc. sup. cit. 268, 1854. Prime Cat. Corb.
11, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb.
49, f. 47, 1865. U. S. of America.

42. S. simile, Say.
Cyclas similis, Say, Nichols. Encycl. 1st Amer. edit. ii, pl. 1,
1 es Boll Ef
Cyclas sulcata, Lamarck, An. v, 560, 1818.
Cyclas Sarratogea, Lamarck, loc. sup. cit. v, 560, 1818.
Cyclas lasmampsis, Rafinesque, Ann. gen. Sci. phys. et nat.
y, ol0, pl Ixxxu, £19, 20.1820.
Cyclas striatena, Lamarck, Ferussac, Mag. Zool. 1835.
Cyclas suleata, Lamarck, Delessert, Recueil, pl. vii, f. 8, 1841.
Cyclas Sarratogea, Lamarck, loc. sup. cit. pl. vii, f. 9, 1841.
Cyclas similis, Say, Gould Invert. 72, f. 53, 1831.
Cyclas rhomboidea, Say, C. B. Adams, Vermont, 18, 1842.
Cyclas solida, DeKay, N. H. N. Y. vy, 229, pl. xxv. f. 265,
18438.
Cyclas gigantea, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 157, 1851.
Cyclas ponderosa, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 157, 1851.
S. simile, Say, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 265, 1854.
S. giganteum, Prime, loc. sup. cit. 267, 1854.
S. ponderosum, Prime, loc. sup. cit. 268, 1854.
iS. suleatum, Lamarck, Prime Cat. Corb. 8, 1863. Smith.
Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 88, f. 25, 1865.
North America.
43. S. solidulum, Prime.
Cyclas solidula, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 158, 1851.
Cyclas distorta, Prime, loc. sup. cit. iv. 158, 1851.
S. solidulum, Prime, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 269, 1854.
S. distortum, Prime, loc. sup. cit. 271, 1854.
S. solidulum, Prime, Cat. Corb. 9, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise.
Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 36, f. 27, 1865.
U. S. of America.
44, S. solidum, Normand.
Cyclas solida, Normand, Not. Cycl. Valence. 6, f. 3, 4, 1844.

159

S. solidum, Normand, Rev. Mag. Zool. 845, 1858. Mem.
Soc. Sci. Phys. Bord. i, 1854. Prime Cat. Corb. 12,
1868. Europe.

45. S. sphericum, Anthony.

Cyclas spherica, Anthony, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv,
275, 1852.

Sph. sphericum, Anthony, H. and A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll.
ii, 450, 1858. Prime Cat. Corb. 11, 1863. Smith. Inst.
Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 50, f. 49, 1865.

U. S. of America.
46. S. stamineum, Conrad.
eas staminea, Conrad, Amer. J. Sci. xxv, 342, pl. 1, f. 5,
834.

O clas*fuscata, Rafinesque, Prime in Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost.
iv, 281, 1852.

Cyclas bulbosa, Anthony, loc. sup. cit. iv. 283, 1852.

Sph. stamineum, Conrad, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 267, 1854.
Prime Cat. Corb. 9, 1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 58, f. 80, 1865.

U. S. of America.
47. S. Steinii, Schmidt.

Cyclas Steinwi, Schmidt, Zeit. Malak. 118, 1850.

Sph. Steinit, Schmidt, H. and A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
450, 1858. Germany.

48. S. striatinum, Lamarck.

Cyclas striatina, Lamarck, An. v. 560, 1818.

Cyclas edentula, Say, N. Harm. Dissem. 356, 1829.

Cyclas striatina, Lamarck, Delessert. Recueil. pl. vii, f. 4,
1841.

Cyclas cornea, C. B. Adams, Cat. 29, 1847.

Cyclas albula, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 155, 1851.

Cyclas tenuistriata, Prime, loc. sup. cit. iv, 156, 1851.

Cyclas acuminata, Prime, loc. sup. cit. iv, 158, 1851.

Cyclas inornata,

Cyclas simplex, Prime, loc. sup. cit. iv, 159, 1851.

Cyclas modesta,

Sph. tenuistriatum, Prime, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 267, 1854.

Sph. albulum, Prime, loc. sup. cit. 269, 1854.

Sph. inornatum, Prime, loc. sup. cit. 270, 1854.

Sph. neodestum, Prime, loc. sup. cit. 270, 1854.

Sph. simplex, Prime, loc. sup. cit. 271, 1854.

Sph. acuminatum, Prime, loc. sup. cit. 271, 1854.

Pisum edentulum, Say, loc. sup. cit. 282, 1854.

Musculium edentulum, Say, H. and A. Ad., Gen. Ree. Moll.
ii, 450, 1858.

30

160

Sph. striatinum, Lamarck, Proc. Ac. N.S. Phila. 405, 1861.
Prime Cat. Corb. 9, 1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 87, f. 29,1865. North America.

49. §. subtransversum, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii,
322, 1860. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog.
Corb. 52, 1865. Mexico.

50. S. tenue, Prime.
“= Cyclas tenuis, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 161, 1851.
_4@Sph. tenue, Prime, H. and A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 450,
1858. Prime Cat. Corb. 11, 1863. Smith. Inst. Mise.
Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 17, f. 44, 1865.
U. 8. of America.
$1. §. Terverianum, Dupuy. ~
Cyclas Terveriana, Dupuy, extram. Gall. test. 87,1849. Du-
puy Hist. Moll. Tr. 674, pl. xxix, f. 9, 1852.
8. Terverianum, Dupuy, Rev. Mag. Zool. 135, 1853, Mem.
Soc. Sc. Phys. Bord. i, 1854. Prime, Cat. Corb. 12,
1868. France.

52. S. transversum, Say.
Cyclas transversa, Say, N. Harm. Dissem. 356, 1829.
Cyclas detruncata, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 155,
1851.

Cyclas gracilis, Prime, Loe. sup. cit. iv, 156, 1851.

Cyclas constricta, Anthony, Loc. sup. cit. iv, 274, 1852.

Sph. transversum, Say, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 267, 1854.

Sph. gracile, Prime, Loc. sup. cit. 268, 1854.

Sph, detruncatum, Prime, Loe. sup. cit. 272, 1854.

Sph. transversum, Say, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 31, 1862.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 11, 1863. Smith Inst. Misc. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 48, f. 45,1865. U WS. of America.

53. S. triangulare, Say.
Cyclas triangularis, Say, N. Harm. Dissem. 356, 1829.
Sph. triangulare, Say, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. 28, 1862.
Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 36, f. 28,
1865. Mexico.

54. S. truncatum, Linsley.
Cyclas calyculata, Draparnaud, C. B. Ad., Amer. J. Sci. xl,
277, 1841. C. B. Ad., Vermont, 18, 1842. C. B.Ad.,
Cat. 29, 1847.
Cyclas truncata, Linsley, Amer. J. Sci. n. ser. vi, 284, f. 3,
1848.

Cyclas pellucidea, Prime, Stimp. Moll. N. HE. 16, 1851.

161

Sph. pellucidum, Prime, H. & A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
450, 1858.

Sph. truncatum, Linsley, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 35, 1862.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 11, 1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 51, f. 50, 1865. U. S. of America.

55. S. Veatleyii, C. B. Adams.
Cyclas Veatleytt, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch. 44, 1849.
Pisidium Veatleyit, Petit, J. Conch. ii, 421, 1851.
Pisum Veatleyti, C. B. Adams, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 283,
1854

Musculium Veatleyii, C. B. Adams, H. & A. Ad. Gen. Ree.
Moll. ii, 452, 1858.

Sph. Veatleyii, C. B. Adams, Proc. Ac. N.S. Phila. 34, 1862.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 12, 1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 56, f. 56, 1865.

Jamaica, W. Indies.

TO BE EXCLUDED.

Sph. acuminatum, Prime. = Sph. striatinum.
Cyclas acuta, Pfeiffer. = P. Henslowianum.
Cyclas equalis, Rafinesque. = P. Virginicum.
Cgclas equata, Sheppard. = Sph. rivicola.
Cyclas alata, Leach. = Sph. corneum.

Sph. albulum, Prime. = Sph.striatinum.

Cyclas altilis, Anthony. = P. compressum.
Cyclas Americana, Christofori & Jan.; undescribed.
Cyclas amnica, Turton. = P. amnicum.

Cyclas appendiculata, Turton. = P. Henslowianum.
Cyclas Australis, Lamarck. = Corb. Australis.
Cyclas Bengalensis, Férussac. = C. Bengalensis.
Cyclas borealis, Lamarck. = Corb. borealis.
Cyclas calyculata, Draparnaud. = Sph. lacustre.
Sph. cardissum, Prime. = Sph. securis.

Cyclas Caroliniana, Bose. = C. Caroliniensis.
Sph. castaneum, Prime. = Sph. fabale.

Cyclas Chilensis, D’Orbigny. = P. Chilense.
Cyclas Chinensis, Lamarck. = Cord. fluminea.
Cyclas cinerea, Hanley. = P. casertenum.
Cyclas citrina, Brown. = Sph. corneum.

Sph. citrinum, Normand. = Sph. Scaldianum.
Cyclas clandestina, DaCosta. ; a marine shell.
Sph. coeruleum, Prime. = Sph. partumeium.
Cyclas consobrina, Cailliaud. = Corb. consobrina.

162

Sph. consobrinum, Férussac. = Sph. ovale.

Sph. constrictum, Anthony. = Sph. transversum.
Cyclas Corsa, Charpentier. = Sph. Brochonianum.
Cyclas crocea, Lewis. = Sph. securis.

Cyclas Cychkolzit, Bientina; undescribed.

Cyclas Cyrcenopsis, Valenciennes. = Corb. Cyrcenopsis.
Sph. detruncatum, Prime. = Sph. transversum.
Sph. Deshayesianum, Bourguignat. = Sph. ovale.
Cyclas diaphana, Prime. = Sph. modioliforme.
Sph. distortum, Prime. = Sph. solidulum.

Cyclas dubia, Say. = P. Virginicum.

Cyclas dubiosa, Say. = P. Virginicum.

Cyclas duplicata, Pfeiffer. = P. duplicatum.
Cyclas Dupontia, Férussac. = Cyrenella Dupontia.
Sph. eburneum, Anthony. = Sph. partumetum.
Cyclas edentula, Say. == Sph. striatinum.

Cyclas elegans, C. B. Adams. = Sph. rhomboideum.
Cyclas errans, Lewis. ; undescribed.

Cyclas elliptica, Férussac. ; undescribed.

Cyclas Huphratica, Lamarck = Corb. fluminalis.
Cyclas flavescens, McGillivray = Sph. corneum.
Cyclas fluminea, Bose. ; undescribed.

Cyclas fluviatilis, Bosc. ; undescribed.

Cyclas Fontaineti, D’Orbigny. = C. Fontaineit.
Cyclas fontinalis, Draparnaud. = P. pusillum.
Cyclas fossarum, Krynicki. = Sph. corneum.
Sph. fuscatum, Rafinesque. = Sph. striatinum.
Cyclas gibba, Alder. = P. obtusale.

Sph. giganteum, Prime. = Sph. simile.

Cyclas globosa, Megerle. = Sph. corneum.

Sph. gracile, Prime. = Sph. transversum.

Cyclas hammalis, Rafinesque ; undescribed.
Huglesa Henslowiana, Leach; a Sphertum.
Cyclas hermaphrodita, Mart. = Galathea radiata.
Sph. Herminu, Wald. = P. casertanum.

Sph. inornatum, Prime. = Sph. striatinum.
Cyclas Islandica, Lamarck. = Cyprina Islandica.
Cyclas isocardioides, Normand. = Sph. corneum.
Cyclas lacustris, Draparnaud. = SpA. ovale.
Cyclas levigata, Schumacker, is Corb ?

Cyclas lasmampsis, Rafinesque. = Sph. simile.
Cyclas Leachii, Ziegler. = Sph. corneum.

Cyclas lenticularis, Normand. = P. casertanum.
Cyclas limosa, D’Orbigny. = Corb. limosa.

Cyclas littoralis, Férussac. = Sph. modiolforme.

163

Cyclas lutea, Ziegler. = Sph. corneum.

Cyclas maculata, Anton. = Sph. Bahiense.
Cyclas maritima, D’Orbigny. = C. Cubana.
Cyclas minor, C. B. Adams. = P. abditum.
Cyclas minima, Studer. = P. obtusale.

Syh. mirabile, Prime. = Sph. partumetum.

Sph. modestum, Prime. = Sph. striatinum.
Cyclas Moquiniana, Gassies. = Sph. modioliforme.
Cyclas Nepeanensis, Lesson. = Corb. Nepeanensis.
Cyclas nitida, Hanley. = P. abditum.

Sph. nitidum, C. B. Adams and Mighles. = P. Adamsi.
Cyclas nucleus, Studer. = Sph. corneum.

Cyclas obliqua, Lamarck. = P. amnicum.

Cyclas obtusalis, Lamarck. = P. obtusale.

Sph. orbicularium, Barrat. = Sph. partumetwm.
Sph. ovale, Stimpson. = Sph. ocerdentale.

Cyclas ovalis, Nilsson. = P. obtusale.

Cyclas ovalis, Prime. = Sph. occidentale.

Sph. ovatum, Lewis ; undescribed.

Cyclas pallida, Charpentier. = Sph. ovale.
Cyclas palustris, Draparnaud, = P. amnicum.
Cyclas Paranensis, D’Orbigny. = Corb. Paranensis.
Sph. pellucidum, Prime. = Sph. truneatum.
Cyclas Perezeti, Villa. = Sph. lacustre.

Cyclas Pfeifferi, Ziegler. = P. amnicum.

Sph. Pisidioides, Gray. = Sph. corneum.

Cyclas plumbeus, Villa. = Sph corneum.

Sph. ponderosum, Prime. = Sph. simile.

Sph. prozimum, Alder.; undescribed.

Cyclas pulchella, Hanley. = P. casertanum.
Sph. pulchellum, D’Orbigny. = P. pulchellum.
Cyclas punctifera, Guppy. = P. punctiferum.
Cyclas pusilla, Turton. = P. pusillum.

Sph. pygmeum, C. B. Adams. = P. Jamaicense.
Cyclas quercus, Lewis; undescribed.

Cyclas radiata, Blainville. = Galathea radiata.
Cyclas rivalis, Draparnaud. = Sph. corneum.
Cyclas rugosa, Whittemore; undescribed.

Cyclas sabulicola, Krynicki. = Sph. rivicola.
Cyclas Sarratogea, Lamarck. = Sph. simile.
Sph. simplex, Prime. = Sph, striatinum.

Cyclas solida, De Kay. = Sph. simile.

Cyclas stagnicola, Leach. = Sph. corneum.
Cyclas Steenbuchtt, Moller. = P. Steenbuchit.
Cyclas striatella, Férussac. = Sph. modioliforme.

164

Sph. strictum, Normand. = Sph. Ryckholtit.
Sph. suleatum, Lamarck. — Sph. simile.
Cyelas suleulosa, Charpentier. — Sph. fabale.
Cyclas Sumatrensis, Férussac ; undescribed.
Sph. tenuistriatum, Prime. = Sph. striatinum.
Cyclas tuberculata, Klees. = Sph. lacustre.
Cyclas tumida, Ziegler. = Sph. corneum.
Cyclas variegata, D’Orbigny. = Corb. limosa.
Cyclas Venezuelensis, Prime. = Sph. modioliforme.
Cyclas Virginica, Ferussac. = P. Virginicum.
Cyclas violacea, Lamarck. = B. violacea.
Cyclas vitrea, Risso. = P. casertanum.

Cyclas Zeylanica, Lamarck. = C. Ceylonica.
Sph. zonatum, Prime ; undescribed.

Genus PISIDIUM, C. Pfeiffer.
System. Anord., 1821.

Tellina, Miiller, Verm. ii, 205, 1774.

Spherium, Scopoli, Introduct. 397, 1777.

Cardium, Poli, Test. Sicil. i, 65, pl. xvi, f. 1, 1791.

Cyclas, Draparnaud, Tab]. Moll. 106, 1801.

Pera, Cordula, Leach, in litt. in Mus. Brit. 1818-20.

Physemoda, Rafinesque, Ann. gen. Sc. phys. et nat. v, 319,.
1820.

Gallileja, Costa, Corrisp. Zool., 1839.

Pisum, Gray (non Megerle), Proc. Zool. Lond. xv, 184, 1847.

Musculium, Gray (non Link), 1851.

Pisum, Deshayes (non Megerle), Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif.,.
1854.

Musculium, H. & A. Adams (non Link).

Pisum, H. & A. Adams (non Megerle), Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
1858.

1, P. abditum, Haldeman.

Pisidium abditum, Haldeman, Proc. Ac. N. 8S. Phila. 1, 53,.
1841.

Cyclas minor, C. B. Adams, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. 1, 48,.
1841. J. N.-Gis Bost, iv, 39) pl. vet 2-183

Pisidium tenellum, Gould, Ag. Lake Super. 245, 1848.

Pisidium minus, Stimpson, Moll. N. E. 16, 1851.

Pisidium obscurum, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iy, 161,.
1851.

Pisidium Kurtzi, Prime, Loc. sup. cit. iv, 162, 1851.

Pisidiwm zonatum, Prime, Loc. sup. cit. iv, 162, 1851.

Pisidium rubellum, Prime, Loc. sup. cit. iv, 163, 1851.

165

Pisidium regulare, Prime, J. N. H. Bost. vi, 868, pl. xii, £
11, 12, 1852.

Pisidium notatum, Prime, Loe. sup. cit. vi, 365, pl. xii. f. 20—
22, 1852.

Pisidium arcuatum, Prime, Loc. sup. cit. vi, 864, pl. xii, f.
j4—16, 1852.

Pisum minus, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 281, 1854.

Pisum abditum, Deshayes, Loe. sup. cit. 282, 1854.

Pisidium resartum, Ingalls in litt., 1855.

Pisidium rubrum, Lewis in litt., 1855.

Pisidium plenum, Lewis in litt., 1855.

Musculium abditum, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 451,
1858.

Musculium minus, H. & A. Adams, Loe. sup. cit. ii, 451, 1858.

Museculium rubellum, H. & A. Adams, Loc. sup. cit. ii, 45%,
1858.

Musculium obscurum, H. & A. Adams, Loc. sup. cit. ii, 452,
1858.

Musculium Kurtzi, H. & A. Adams, Loe. sup. cit. ii, 451, 1858.

Musculium zonatum, H. & A. Adams, Lee. sup. cit. ii, 452,
1858.

Pisum obscurum, H. & A. Adams, Loc. sup. cit. ii, 660, 1858.

Pisum Kurtzi, H. & A. Adams, Loe. sup. cit. ii, 660, 1858.

Pisum rubellum, H. & A. Adams, Loc. sup. cit. il, 660, 1858.

Pisum zonatum, H. & A. Adams, Loe. sup. cit. i1, 660, 1858.

Pisidium abditum, Haldeman, Prime, Cat. Corb. 14, 1868.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 68, f. 72,
738, 1865. U.S. of America.

2. P. Adamsi, Prime.
Cyelas nitida, Mighles, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. i, 48, 1841.
JN GELe 0st. i,-o00, ple ii, 1.19, LOL.
Pisidium Adamsi, Prime, Stimp. Moll. N. E. 16,1851. Bost.
J. vi, 352, pl. xi, f. 1—8, 1852.
Spherium nitidum. Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 271,
1854

Pisidium Adams, Prime, Cat. Corb. 18, 1863. Smith. Inst.
Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 638, f. 68, 64, 1865.
U. S. of America.
3. P. equilaterale, Prime.
J. N. H. Bost: vi. 366, pl. xii, f. 283—25, 1852. Prime,
Cat. Corb. 14, 1863. Smith. Misc. Col., Prime Monog.
Corb. 23, f. 65, 66, 1865. U. S. of America.

4. P. amnicum, Jenyns.
Tellina amnica, Miiller, Verm. ii, 205, 1774.

166

Tellina striata, Schroter, Fluss. Conch. 193, 1779.

Tellina rivalis, Maton & Racket, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. iii,
44, "pl. xin, £7 37; 38, 17ST:

Cyclas palustris, Draparnaud, Drap. Tabl. Moll. 106, 1801.

Cardium amnicum, Montagu, Test. Brit. 86, 1803.

Cyclas obliqua, Lamarck, An. v, 559, 1818.

Pera fluviatilis, Leach, in litt. in Mus. Brit. 1820.

Pera Henslowiana, Leach, in litt. in Mus. Brit. 1820.

Pisidium obliquum, C. Pfeiffer, System. Anord. 124, pl. v, f.
OOO Tee t.

Cyclas amnica, Turton, Conch. Brit. 250, pl. ii, f. xv, 1822.

Pisidium amnicum, Jenyns, Trans. Phil. Soc. Cambr. iv, 809,
pl. xix, fe 2, bead.

Pisidium inflatum, Megerle, Porro. Mal. Comasca, 121, pl. ui,
f. 13, 1838.

Cyclas Pfeifferi, Ziegler, Loc. sup. cit. 121, 1838.

Pisidium palustre, Porro., Loc. sup. cit. 121, 1838.

OCordula amnica, Leach, Moll. Brit. Synop. 291, 1852.

Pera amnica, Leach, Loe. sup. cit. 292, 1852.

Pisidium Grateloupianum, Normand. Cyel. Dépt. Nord, 4,
1854.

Pisidium intermedium, Gassies, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xx,
1855.

Pisidium suleatum, Parreys in litt.

Pisum amnicum, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 284, 1854.

Pisidium amnicum, Jenyns, Baudon, Pisid. Fr. 37, pl. iii, J.
G. H., 1857.

Pisidium Burgundiacum, Billié in litt., 1858.

Musculium amnicum, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. il,
451, 1858.

Pisidium amnicum, Jenyns, Prime, Cat. Corb. 15, 1863.

Hurope.

5. P. Angelicum, Rowell, Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sciences.

Angel Island, California.

G. P. Arcaeforme, Malm. Sweden.

7. P. Australe, Deshayes (non Philippi).

Cyclas Australis, Lamarck, (varietas), An. v, 660, 1818.

Pisum Australe, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 285, 1854.

Musculium Australe, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 451,
1858. King George's Sound, New Holland.

8. P. Canariense, Shuttleworth, Mittheil. Naturf. Gesell.
Bern. 1852.
Pisum Canariense, Deshaycs, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 281,
1854.

167.
Museuliam Canariense, H. & A. Adams, Gen, Rec. Moll. ii,

451, 1858.
Pisidium Canariense, Shuttleworth, Prime, Cat. Corb. 17,
1863. Canary Islands.

9. P. Casertanum, Bourguignat.

Cardium Casertanum, Poli, Test. Sicil. i, 65, pl. xvi, f. 1, 1791.

Cardium amnicum, jr. Montagu, Test. Brit. 88, 1803.

Cyclas vitrea, Risso, Hist. Nat. Nice. iv, 338, 1826.

Pera pulchella, Leach, in litt. in Mus. Brit., 1820.

Pisidium pulchellum, Jenyns, Trans. Phil. Soc. Cambr. iv,
306, pl. xxi, f. 1—5, 1832.

Pisidium Australe, Philippi (non Deshayes), Enum: Moll. Sicil.
1, 89, 1836.

Pisidium cinereum, Alder, Trans. N. H. Soc. Northumb. ii,
337, 1837.

Pisidium Lumsternianum, Forbes, Ann. N. H., 255, pl. xii,
f. 4, 1839.

Pisidium obtusale, Villa, Cat. 44, 1841.

Cyclas obliqua (pars), Dupuy, Moll. Gers., 91, 1843.

Cyclas puichella, Hanley, Descrip. Cat. 91, 1844.

Cyclas cinerea, Hanley, Loe. sup. cit. 91, 1844.

Cyclas lenticularis, Normand. Not. Cycl. Valence. 8, f. 7, 8,
1844.

Pisidium Joannis, Macgillivray, Hist. Moll. An. 202, 252,
1843.

Pisidium Jenynsii, Macgillivray, Loc. sup. cit. 209, 249, 1843.

Pisidium Australe, Philippi (non Deshayes), Enum. Moll. Sicil.
li, 31, pl. xiv, f. 2, 1844.

Pisidium vitreum, Verany, Descrip. Genova, 1846.

Pisidium limosum, Gassies, Moll. Agen. 206, pl. ii, f. 10, 11,
1849.

Pisidium iratianum. Dupuy, Gall. Test. No. 234, 1849.

Pisidium thermale, Dupuy, Loc. sup. cit. No. 238, 1849.

Pisidium caliculatum, Dupuy, Loe. sup. cit. No. 229, 1849.

Pisidium sinuatum, Bourguignat, J. Conchyl. ii, 421, 1851.

Pisidium lenticulare, Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr. 680, pl. xxx, f.
2, 1852.

Pisidium Casertanum, Bourguignat, Rer. Mag. Zool. 1854.

Pisum Casertanum, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 275,
1854.

Pisum vitreum, pars Deshayes, Loc. sup. cit. 276, 1854.

Pisum pulchellum, Deshayes, Loc. sup. cit. 278, 1854.

Pisum Lumsternianum, Deshayes, Loc. sup. cit. 280, 1854.

Pisum lenticulare, Deshayes, Loc. sup. cit. 280, 1854.

Pisum depressum, Deshayes, Loc. sup. cit. 285, 1854.

° 168

Pisidium rotundum, de Cessac Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Creuse, 1i,,
1855.

Pisidium globulosum, Gassies, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xx, 1855.

Pisidium planum, Pfeiffer, in litt.

Pisidium Casertanum, Bourguignat, Baudon, Pisid. Fr. 380,,

pleat. O85 ls .

Pisidium Stabilect, Schmidt, in litt. 1858.

Musculium Casertanum, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
451, 1858.

Musculium vitreum, H. & A. Adams, Loc. sup. cit. ii, 452,.
1858.

Spherium Herminti, Wald, in Collect. Cuming, 1859.

Pisidium Casertanum, Bourguignat. Prime. Cat..Corb. 16,.

18638. Europe..

10. P. Chilense, Deshayes.

Cyclas Chilensis, D’Orbigny, Voy. 568, pl. 83, f. 11-13, 1846.

Pera Chilensis, Gray, Brit. Mus. List Shells. 8. Amer. 69,.
1854.

Pisum Chilense, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 254, 1854..

Musculium Chilense, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 451,.
1858.

Corbicula Chilensis, Prime, Proc. Ac. N. 8. Phila. 269, 1860..

Pisidium angulatum, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 322,
1860.

Pisidium Chilense, Deshayes, Prime, Cat. Corb. 15, 1868.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 69, f. 76,
1865. Chitt, S. America..

11, P. compressum, Prime.

Cycas altilis, Anthony, in litt, 1847.

Pisidium compressum, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 164,.
1851.

Pisidium altile, Anthony, J. N. H. Bost. vi, 858, pl. xi, f. 10:
—12, 1852.

Pisidium cicer, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. vi, 65, pl. 1,.
f. 1, 1853.

Pisum compressum, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 282,.
1854.

Pisum altile, Deshayes, Loe. sup. cit. 280, 1854.

Musculium compressum, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,.
451, 1858.

Musculium cicer, H. & A. Adams, Loe. sup. cit. ii, 451, 1858.

Pisum cicer, H. & A. Adams, Loe. sup. cit. ii, 660, 1858.

Pisidium compressum, Prime, Cat. Corb. 14, 1868. Smith..
Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 64, f. 67, 68,
1865. U. S. of Amervea..

169

12. P. conicum, Baudon.
Baudon. Pisid. Fr. 50, fl. v, f. B, 1857. Prime. Cat. Corb.
17, 1863. Franee.
13. P. consanguineum, Prime.
Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 76, f. 86,

1865. Cuba, West Indies.
14, P. cuneatum, Bielz.
Bielz. Moll. Siebenb. 1863. Transylvania.

15. P. duplicatum, C. Pfeiffer.
Cyclas duplicata, C. Pfeiffer, System. Arnord. 230, 1821.
Musculium duplicatum, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,

451, 1858.
Pisum duplicatum, H. & A. Adams, Loc. sup. cit. ii, 660,
1858.
Pisidium duplicatum, ©. Pfeiffer, Prime Cat. Corb. 17,
1863. Germany.
16. P. Ferroense, Morch, Cat. Suenson, 43, 1857.
Prime Cat. Corb. 17, 1868. Farroe Islands.

17. P. ferrugineum, Prime.
Proe: Soc. N.\H. Bost. iv, 162, 1851. J. N. H. Bost. va
362, pl. xii, f. 8—10, 1852. Prime, Cat. Corb. 15, 1863.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. 71, f. 77, 78,

1865. U. S. of America.
18. P. fuscum, Parreys.
Haydinger, Berichte vii, 211, 1851. Germany.

19. P. Gassiesanum, Dupuy.
Gassies, Moll. Agen. 207, pl. ii, f. 11, 1849.
Pisidium Normandianum, Dupuy, Loe. sup. cit. 206, 1848.
Pisidium tetragonum, Normand, Cycl. Dépt. Nord. 5, 1854.
Pisum vitreum, Deshayes (pars), Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 277,
1854.
Pisidium Baudonianum, de Cessac, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat.
Creuse. ii, 1855.
Pisidium Gassiesianum, Dupuy, Baudon Pisid. Fr. 26, pl. i,
felt. hea. France.
20. P. Gundlachi, Arango. Cuba, West Indies.
21. P. Harfordianum, Prime. Mendocino Co., California.

22. P. Henslowianum, Jenyns.
Pera Henslowiana, Leach, in litt. in Mus. Brit. 1820.
Cyclas acuta, C. Pfeiffer, System. Arnord. 230, 1821.
Telina Henslowana, Sheppard, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xiv,

150, 1823.

170

Cyclas appendiculata, Turton, Man. 15, pl. i, f. 6, 1831.

Pisidium acutum, C. Pfeiffer, Wiegm. Archiv. i, 230, 1831.

Pisidium Henslowianum, Jenyns, Trans. Phil. Soc. Cambr. iv,
308, pl. xxi, f. 6, T, 1832.

Pera appendiculata, Leach, Moll. Brit. Synop. 292, 1852.

Pisidium Jayanum, Gassies, in litt. 1852.

Pisidium Dupuyanum, Normand, Cycl. Dépt. Nord, 5, 1844.

Pisidium solitarium, Gassies, in litt. 1855.

Pisidium pallidum, Gassies, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xx, 1855.

Pisidium Bonnafouxianum, de Cessac, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat.
Crense. ii, 1855.

Pisidium Jaudouinianum, Gassies, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xx,
1855.

Pisidium pictum, de Cessac in litt. 1855.

Pisum Henslowianum, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif.
278, 1854.

Pisidium Henslowianum, Jenyns, Baudon, Pisid. Fr. 46, pl.
iv, f. F. 1857.

Musculium Henslowianum, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Ree.
Moll. ii, 451, 1858.

Pisidium Henslowianum, Jenyns, Prime, Cat. Corb. 17,
1863. Europe.

23. P. insigne,Gabb. Amer. J. Conch. 69, pl. f. ii, 2, pl. iv,
f. 10, 1868. Fort Tejon, California.

24. P. Jamaicense, Prime.

Cyclas pygmea, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch. 44, 1849.

Pisum Adamsi, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 284,
1854.

Musculium pygmeum, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
452, 1858.

Pisum pygmeum, H. and A. Adams, Loc. sup. cit. ii, 660,
1858.

Pisidium Jamaicense, Prime, Cat. Corb. 15, 1863. Smith.
Inst. Misc. Coll. Prime, Monog. Corb. 70, f. 76, 1865.
Jamaica, West Indies.

25. P. Moietessieranum, Paladilhe, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1866.
Marseilles, France.
26. P. nitidum, Jenyns.
Cyclas pusilla, Turton, Conch. Brit. 16, pl. i, f. 7, 1881.
Pisidium nitidum, Jenyns, Trans. Phil. Soc. Cambr. iv, 304,
pl. xx, ft 7,9, f6o2.
Cyclas nitida, Hanley, Descrip. Cat. 90, pl. xiv, f. 46, 1844.
Pisidium incertum, Normand, Cycl. Dépt. Nord. 6, 1854.
Pisum nitidum, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 277, 1854.

yet
Pisidium nitidum. Jenyns, Baudon, Pisid. Fr. 23, pl. i, f. A.

1857.

Musculium nitidum, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
451, 1858.

Pisidium nitidum, Jenyns, Prime, Cat. Corb. 17, 1863.

Europe.

27. P. Nov.-Eboracense, Prime, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y.
vi, 66, pl. i, f. 38, 1853.
Pisidium amplum, Ingalls in litt. 1855.
Musculium Nov.-Eboracense, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Ree.
Moll. ii, 451, 1858.
Pisum Nov.-Kboracense, H. and A. Adams, Loc. sup. cit. ii,
660, 1858.
Pisidium Nov.-Eboracense, Prime, Cat. Corb. 14, 1863. Smith.
Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 67, f. 71. 1865.
U.S. of America.

28. P. Nov.-Zelandicum, Prime, Cat. Corb. 17, 1863. Ann.
live. No ON. Y. viti, 91, £39, 1864.
New Zealand.
29. P. obtusale, C. Pfeiffer.
Cyclas obtusalis, Lamarck, An. vy, 559, 1818.
Pera gibba, Leach, in litt. in Mus. Brit. 1820.
Cyclas minima, Studer, Meissner. Anzeig. iii, 83, 1820.
Pisidium obtusale, C. Pfeiffer, System. Anord. 125, pl. v, f.
20,21, 8821.
Cyclas gibba, Alder, Trans. N. H. Soc. Northumb. 1, 41, 1830.
Pisidium obtusale, Jenyns, Trans. Phil. Soc. Cambr. iv, 301,
pl. xx, f. 1—38, 18382.
Cyclas ovalis, Nilsson, Trans. Phil. Soc. Cambr. iv, 1832.
Pisidium mininum, Studer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sc. Nat.
1,25, 1837.
Pisidium ovale, Petit, J. Conchyl. 11, 421, 1851.
Pisum obtusale, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 279, 1854.
Pisidium obtusale, C. Pfeiffer, Baudon, Pizid. Fr. 18, pl. i, f.

HK, 1857.

Musculium obtusale, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 452,
1858.

Pisidium obtusale, C. Pfeiffer, Prime, Cat. Corb. 17, 1863.

Europe.
30. P. occidentale, Newcomb. Proc. Ac. N.S, Calif. ii, 94,
1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 73,
1865. San Francisco, California.

31. P. parvulum, Benson in litt.
Prime, Cat. Corb. 17, 1868. India.

172

32, P. personatum, Malm. Iceland and Sweden.

33. P. pulchellum, Deshayes. .
Cyclas pulchella, D’Orbigny (non Hanley), Mag. Zool. 1835.
D’Orb. Voy. 568, pl. 83, f. 8—10, 1846.
Pisum pulchellum, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 283,
1854

Musculium pulchellum, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
452, 1858.

Spherium pulehellum, Prime, Proc. Ac. N.S. Phila. 297, 1860.

Pisidium pulchellum, Deshayes (non Jenyns), Smith. Inst.
Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 70, 1865.

Uruguay, S. America.
34. P. pusillum, Jenyns.

Tellina pusilla, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 8231, 1789.

Cyclas fontinalis (pars), Draparnaud, Hist. Moll. 180, pl. x,
fe 1805.

Pisidium fontinale, C. Pfeiffer, System. Anord. 125, pl. v, f.
15, 16, 1821.

Cyclas pusilla, Turton, Man. 16, pl. i, f. 7, 1831.

Pisidium pusillum, Jenyns, Trans. Phil. Soc. Cambr. iv, 302,
pl. xx, f. 4—6, 1832.

Gallileja tenebrosa, Costa, Corrisp. Zool., 1839.

Pisidium roseum, Scholtz, Moll. Schl. 140, 1843.

Pisum pusillum, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 277, 1854.

Pisidium pusillum, Jenyns, Baudon, Pisid. Fr. 20, pl. i, f. C,

1857.

Musculium pusillum, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 452,
1858.

Museulium roseum, H. & A. Adams, Loc. sup. cit. ii, 452,
1858.

Pisum roseum, H. & A. Adams, Loe. sup. cit. ii, 660, 1858.
Pisidium pusillym, Jenyns, Prime Cat. Corb. 16, 1863.
Hurope.
35, P. punctiferum, Guppy.
Cyclas punctifera, Guppy, Ann. Mag. N. H. 38d ser. xix, 160,
186—. Proc. Sc. Assoc. Trinidad, 137, 1867.
Trinidad, W. Indies.

36. P. retusum, Prime, Proc. Zool. Lond. xxviii, 322, 1860.
Honduras.

37. P. rotundatum, Prime, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. iv, 164,
1851. J.N. H. Bost. vi, 857, pl. xi, f. 19—21, 1852.
Musculium rotundatum, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
452, 1858.

173

Pisum rotundatum, H. & A. Adams, Loc. sup. cit. 11, 660,
1858.
Pisidium rotundatum, Prime, Cat. Corb. 15, 1863.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 72, f. 81,
82, 1865. U. S. of America.
‘38. P. semen, Menke, Moll. N. Holl. 40, 1848.
Pisum semen, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 284, 1854.
Musculium semen, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 660,
1858. New Holland.
39. P. simile, Prime, Cat. Corb. 15, 1863.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 69, f. 74, 1865.

Guadeloupe, W. Indies.

40. P. Steenbuchii, Morch.
Cyclas Steenbuchii, Moller, Kroyer. Natur. Tids. iv, 76, 1842.
Spherium Steenbuchii, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 264,

1854.
Pisidium Steenbuchit, Morch, Prod. Moll. Gronl. 19, 1857.
Prime Oat. Corb. 17, 1863. Greenland.
41, P. subtruncatum, Malm. Sweden.

42. P. supinum, Schmidt, Zeit. Malak. 119, 1850.
Musculium supinum, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 452,

1858.
Pisum supinum, H. & A. Adams, Loe. sup. cit. ii, 660, 1858.
Germany.
43. P. ultramontanum, Prime, Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll.,
Prime Monog. Corb. 75, f. 85, 1865. California.

44, P. variabile, Prime.

Cyclas nitida, Linsley (non Mighles), Am. J. Sci. xlviii, 276,
1845.

Pisidium variabile, Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 163, 1851.
J.N. A. Bost. vi, 351, pl. xi, f. T—9, 1852.

Pisidium grande, Whittemore, in litt., 1855.

Prisidium palustre, Lewis, in litt.

Musculium variabile, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 452,
1858.

Pisum variabile, H. & A. Adams, Loc. sup. cit. ii, 660, 1858.

Pisidium variabile, Prime, Cat. Corb. 14, 1863.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 66, f. 69,
70, 1865. U. &. of America.

45, zen Prime, Proc. Soc. N. H. Bost. iv, 68,
is

Musculium ventricosum, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
452, 1858.

174

Pisum ventricosum, H. & A. Adams, Loc. sup. cit. ii, 660, 1858.
Pisidium ventricosum, Prime, Cat. Corb. 15, 1863.
Smith. Inst. Mise. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb. 72, f. 79}.
80, 1865. U. S. of America..

46. P. Virginicum, Bourguignat.

Tellina Virginica, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 3236, pl. clix, f. 15).
1788.

Tellina pusilla (pars), Dillwyn, Cat. ii, 106, 1817.

Cyclas dubia, Say, Nichols. Encycl. 1st Amer. edit. ii, 4, pl..
if. 10, TSU.

Physemoda cequalis, Rafinesque, Ann. gen. Sci. phys. et nat..

ty, 319, 1820.

Cyclas Virginica, Ferussac, Mag. Zool. v, 1835.

Cyclas dubia, Say, Gould Invert. 75, f. 56. 1841.

Pisidium abruptum, Haldeman, Proc. Ac. N. §. Phila. i, 53,,
1841.

Pisidiwm dubium, Haldeman, Loe. sup. cit. i, 103, 1841.

Cyclas dubiosa, Catlow & Reeve, Nomencl. 29, 1845.

Pisidium dubium, Say, J. N. H. Bost. vi, 354, pl. xi, f. 4—6,,
1852.

Pisidium cequale, Rafinesque, Loc. sup. cit. vi, 867, 1852.

Pisidium Virginicum, Bourguignat, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1854.

Spherium dubiwm, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. Conchif. 266,,
1854.

Pisum Virginicum, Deshayes. Loe. sup. cit. 281, 1854.

Pisum abruptum, Deshayes, Loc. sup. cit. 281, 1854.

Pisum dubium, Deshayes, Loc. sup. cit. 282, 1854.

Musculium dubium, H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 451,.
1858.

Musculium abruptum, H. & A. Adams, Loe. sup. cit. ii, 451,,
1858.

Musculium Virginicum, H. and A. Adams, Loc. sup. cit. ii,
452, 1858.

Pisidium Virginicum, Bourguignat, Prime, Cat. Corb. 13,,
1863. Smith. Inst. Misc. Coll., Prime Monog. Corb.
61, 62, 1865. U. S. of America..

TO BE EXCLUDED.

Pisidium abruptum, Haldeman. = P. Virginicum.
Pisidium acutum, Pfeiffer. = P. Henslowianum.
Pisum Adamsi, Deshayes. = P. Jamaicense.
Physemoda cequalis, Rafinesque. = P. Virginieum.
Pisidium altile, Anthony, = P. compresswm.
Pisidium amplum, Ingalls. = P. Nov.-Eboracense.

175

Pisid. angulatum, Prime. = P. Chailense.
Pera appendiculata, Leach. = P. Henslowianum.
Pisidium arcuatum, Prime. = P. abditum.
Pisid. Australe, Philippi, (non Deshayes). = P. Casertanum.
Pisum Bahiense, Deshayes. = Sph. Bahiense.
Pisidium Baudonianum, de Cessac. = P. Gassiesanum.
Pisid. Bonnafouxianum, de Cessac. = P. Henslowianum.
Pisid. caliculatum, Dupuy. = P. Casertanum.
Pisid. cicer, Prime. = P. compressum.
Pisid. cinereum, Alder. = P. Casertanum.
Pisid. cornea, Verany. = Sph. corneum.
Pisum Creplini, Deshayes. = Sph. Creplini.
Pisid. Dingolt, Bivona. = Sph. Dingoli.
Pisid. depressum, Pfeiffer ; undescribed.
Pisid. dubium, Haldeman. = P. Virginiewm.
Pisid. Dupuyanum, Normand. = P. Henslowianum.
Pisum edentulum, Deshayes. = Sph. striatinum.
Pisum ferrugineum, Deshayes. = Sph. ferrugineum.
Pera fluviatilis, Leach. = P. amnicum.
Pisid. fontinale, Pfeiffer. = P. pusillum.
Pera gibba, Leach. = P. obtusale.
Pisid. globulosum, Gassies. = P. Casertanum.
Pisid. grande, Whittemore. = P. variabile.
Pisid. Grateloupianum, Normand. = P. amnicum.
Pisid. incertum, Normand. = P. nitidum.
Pisid. inflatum, Megerle. = P. amnicum.
Pisid. intermedium, Gassies. — P. amnicum.
Pisid. iratianum, Dupuy. = P. Casertanum.
Pisid. Jaudonianum, Gassies. = P. Henslowianum.
Pisid. Jenynsi, Macgillivray. — P. Casertanum
Pisid. Joannis, Macgillivray, = P. Casertanum.
Pisid. Kurtzi, Prime. = P. abditum.
Pisid. lenticulare, Dupuy. = P. Casertanum.
Pisid. limosum, Gassies. — P. Casertanum.
Pisid. Lumsternianum, Forbes. = P. Casertanum.
Pisum maculatum, Deshayes. = Sph. Bahiense.
Pisid. minimum, Studer. = P. obtusale.
Pisid. minus, Stimpson. = P. abditum.
Pisum modioliforme, Deshayes. = Sph. modioliforme.
Pisid. Moquinianum, Bourguignat. = Sph. modioliforme.
Pisid. Normandianum, Dupuy. = P. Gassiesanum.
Pisid. notatum, Prime. = P. abditum.
Pisid. obliquum, Pfeiffer. = P. amnicum.
Pisid. obscurum, Prime. = P. abditum.
Pisid. ovale, Petit. = P. obtusale.

ol

176

Pisid. pallidum, Gassies. — P. Henslowianum.

Pisid. palustre, Porro. = P. amnicum.

Pisid. palustre, Lewis. = P. variabile.

Pisid. parasiticum, Parreys. = Sph. ferrugineum.

Pisid. perpusillum, Gartner. = Sph. perpusillum.

Pisid. pictum, de Cessac, = P. Henslowianum.

Pisid. planum, Pfeiffer. __ P. Casertanum.

Pisid. plenum, Lewis. = P. abditum.

Pisid. pulchellum, Jenyns. = P. Casertanum.

Musculium pygmeum, H. and A. Adams. = P. Janacana
Pisid. Recluzianum, Bourguignat. = ? not a Pisidium.
Pisid. regulare, Prime. = P. abditum.

Pisid. resartum, Ingalls. = P. abditum.

Pisid. roseum, Scholtz. = P. pusillum.

Pisid. rotundum, de Cessac. = P. Casertanwm.
Pisid. rubellum, Prime. — P. abditum.

Pisid. rubrum, Lewis. = P. abditum.

Pisid. sinuatum, Bourguignat. = P. Casertanum.
Pisid. solitariwm, Gassies. = P. Henslowianum.
Pisid. splendidum, Parreys. = a Nucula.
Pisid. Stabileti, Schmidt. = P. Casertanum.
Pisid. suleatum, Parreys. = P. amnicum.
Gallileja tenebrosa, Costa. = P. pusillum.
Pisid. tenellum, Gould. = P. abditum.

Pisid. tetragonum, Dupuy. = P. Gassiesanum.
Pisid. thermale, Dupuy. = P. Casertanum.
Pisum Veatleyii, Deshayes. = Sph. Veatleyii.
Pisid. vitreum, Verany. = P. Casertanum.
Pisid. zonatum, Prime. = P. abditum.

ErratuM.—Under synonymy of genus Spheerium, page 150,
place ‘‘ Huglesa, Leach, in litt. in Mus. Brit. 1818—20.”

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Sowerby, G. B. The Genera of recent and fossil shells. 2 vols.
8vo. London, 1820-24. Sowerby, Gen.

Spix, J. B. v. Testacea fluviatilia que in itinere per Brasiliam
annis 1817--20, collegit et pingenda curravit. Di-
gessit, descripsit et observationibus illustravit, A.
Wagner. 4to. Monachi, 1827. Spix, Test. Bras.
Stimpson, W. Shells of New England. 8vo. Boston, 1851.
Stimp., Moll. N. £.
Transactions of the American Philosophical Society of Phila-
delphia. 6 vols. 4to. Philadelphia, 1771—1818 ;

2d series, 8 vols. 4to. Philadelphia, 1818-44.
Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila.

Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 8 vols.
4to. Cambridge, 1821-44.

Trans. Phil, Soc. Cambr.

Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 19 vols. 4to.

London, 1791, 1846. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.

Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland,

Durham and Neweastle-on-T'yne. 2 vols. 4to.

Newcastle, 1831-38. Trans. N. H. Soc. Northumb.

Turton, W. Conchylia Insularum Brittanicarum, etc. Ato.

Exeter, 1822. Turton, Conch. Brit.

Turton, W. A Manual of the land and freshwater shells of the
British Islands. 8vo. London, 1851.

Turton, Man.

Verhandlungen und Mittheilungen des Siebenbiirgischen Vereins

fiir Naturwissenschaften. 9 vols. 8vo. Hermann-

stadt, 1850-58. Verhand. Mittheil. Ver. Seibend.

187

Villa, Anton and G. B. Dispositio systematica Conchyliorum
terrestrium et fluviatilium que adservantur in eorum
collectione; 8vo. Mediol, 1841. Villa, Cat.

Voyage of H. M. Ship Sulphur. 2 vols. London, 1843-45,

Voy. Sulph.

Wiegman, A. F. A. Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte. 14 vols.
8vo. Berlin, 1835-41. Wiegm. Archiv.

Wood, William. Index Testaceologicus. 8vo. London, 1825,

Wood, Index Test.

Wood, William. Supplement to the Index Testaceologicus. 8vo.

London, 1820. Wood, Index Test. Suppl.
Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie; Menke and Pfeiffer. 8vo.
Cassel, 1847-53. Zeit. Malak.

Zoologie du Voyage de |’ Astrolabe sous les ordres du Capitaine
Dumont d’Urville, pendant les années 1826-29, par
Quoy and Gaymard. 5 vols. 8vo. Atlas. fol.
Paris, 1830-33. Voy. Astrolabe.
Zoologie du Voyage autour du monde exécuté sur la corvette La
Coquille par L. Duperrey, commandant de é expe-
dition pendant les années 1822-25, par Lesson et

Garnot. 2 vols. 4to. Atlas. fol. Paris, 1829.
Voy. Coquille.
Zoological Journal, conducted by Th. Bell, J. G. Children, J. de
C. Sowerby and J. B. Sowerby, 5 vols. 8vo. Lon-
don, 1825-35, Zool. J,

FOR SALE.

1. American Journal of Conchology, Vol. 1, 1865. Containing 400
i pages, illustrated by 31 colored and plain lithographic plates and por-
‘ traits and over 293 wood engravings; with contributions by Conrad,
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ley, Tryon, etc. Price, in numbers, $12.50, or each number separately

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pages, illustrated by 27 colored and plain lithographic plates, and nearly

500 wood engravings; with contributions by Newcomb, Bland, Conrad,

Gabb, Anthony, Pease, P. P. Carpenter, Mérch, Tryon, etc. Price, in
numbers, $12.50, or each number separately $3.75.

| x", Full tables of contents of the above two volumes forwarded to those
| d:siring them.
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3. Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States.
With illustrations of all the Species. By George W. Tryon, Jr. This
work is now completed. It contains over 200 pages of text and is illus-
trated by 18 lithographic plates crowded with figures. Only 100 copies
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: on tinted paper, and finely colored, Price, $20.00.

4. TRYON, GEO. W., Jr., Synonymy ofthe Species of Strepoma-
tides (Melanians) of the United States, with critical observations

| on their Affinities, and Descriptions of Land, Fresh Water and Marine

Mollusca. 8vo, over 100 pp., with lithographic plates. 1865.

Cloth, $2.00. Paper, $1.75.

CONTENTS: Contributions towards a Monography of the Order Pholadacea, with Descriptions of

. New Species. Descriptions of two new Species of Fresh Water Mollusca from Panama. Des-
| cription of anew Exotic Melania. Descriptions of new Species of Fresh Water Mollusca be-
longing to the Families Amnicolidx, Valvatide and Lim neide, inhabiting California. De-
scription of a new Species of Pleurocera. Description of anew Species of Teredo, from New
. Bedford, Mass. Descriptions of two new Species of Mexican Land Shells. Synonymy of the

Species of Strepomatid, Parts 1, 2,3, 4 and Supplement.
The Edition is very limited—vcnly 75 copies. Early application will, therefore, be necessary to
' secure the work. -
5. RAFINESQUE, C. S., Complete Writings on Recent and Fossil
Conchology. Edited by William G. Binney and Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.
8vo. 1864. With lithographic plates. Price, $2.50.

This is the only edition of Rafinesque’s Complete Writings ever published, and contains reprints
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6. TRYON, GEO. w., Jr., List of American Writers on Recent
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7., TRYON, GEO. W. Jr, Monograph of the Order Pholadacea,
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CON PEN IS.

1. ReCOrd GHIMCetiN 2S)... tecchetasccecck os. ce0eusoesisonancecsuciecmenneieeccete 61

2. Descriptions of New Species of Marine Gasteropode in-
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3. Remarks on Marine Gasteropodz inhabiting the West
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CLES. Bye Niieselan pele CAG. .tiasnscreireckofenaieso+cacceuc-<:-- ccnp eeeeneenee 80

5. Corrections and Additions to ‘Synonymy of Marine Gas-
teropod@ inhabiting Polynesia. By Wm. Harper Pease.. ..... 85

5. Notes upon the Monograph of the Genus Marginella in
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8. Descriptions of New Species of Terrestrial Mollusca from
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ALA WOW, diesnoscooa: Bosc eooscaros=oscoge Resoes8 we acedlacs Merce

10. Notices and Reviews of New Conchological Works. By
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I. AmerIcaAn.—Proceedings of Portland Nat. Hist. Society. Lea’s Observations on the
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French—Revue et Magazin de Zoologie. Journal de Conchyliologie. Actes de la
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AMERICAN

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

Ae SERIES.

PUBLISHED BY THE

CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION of the Academy of Natiiral Sciences of Philadelphia

art. 4. 1eGG-40.,. 4 Parr 3,

Meeting Oct. Tth, 1869.
Eight members present.
Dr. RuscHENBERGER, Director, in the Chair.

Numerous donations to the Museum and Library were an-
nounced.

The following papers were presented for publication in the
Journal, and referred to Committees:

“On the Pterocere of Lamarck and their mutual relations ;”’
by Theodore Gill, M.D.

‘Materials for a Monograph of the Family Lepetide ;” by
Won. Ely Wall.

‘On the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of Nicaragua ;” by
Ralph Tate.

“ Descriptions of New Species of Marine Mollusca ;’’ by Wes-
ley Newcomb, M.D.

“Description of a new American Helix ;” by Wesley New-
comb, M.D.

‘Catalogue of the Shells of the Coosa River, Alabama ;” by
James Lewis, M.D.

9

118 AMERICAN JOURNAL

‘“‘ Descriptions of new species of Marine Bivalve Mollusca in.
the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia ;’’ by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.

“Notices and Reviews of New Conchological Works;’’ by
Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.

The following was offered for separate publication :

‘‘Monograph of the Fresh-water Univalve Mollusca of the
United States; Parts 1 and 2 (in continuation of Prof. Halde-
man’s work) ;’’ by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.

Mr. Tryon read the following letter addressed to him for the
purpose of publication in the Journal :

Dear Str:

On the 6th of June last I found a number of living specimens
of what I believed to be the Helicina occulta of Say. Doubting
my own judgment, I submitted some of them to Messrs. W. G.
Binney and T. Bland. Those gentlemen have confirmed my
opinion, and say: ‘“‘ We are both confident about its identity,—
thus settling satisfactorily a long mooted point.”

The precise locality where they occur is a fishing station,
known as Whitefish Bay, about five miles north of this city, upon
the bluff of the lake, which, at that point, is somewhat wet and
boggy, and covered with a growth of Tamarack, Arbor- Vite, and
Juniper. They were found under dead leaves in considerable
quantities, yet could hardly be said to be abundant.

Very respectfully,
KE. R. LeLanp.

Milwaukee, Wis., Jucy 19, 1869.

Mr. Tryon remarked that until recently this species was be-
lieved to be extinct; but a year or more since, recent specimens
were forwarded to the Section from Lexington, Virginia, where
they were collected by Prof. McDonald, of the Virginia Military
Institute. Prof. McD. reported the shell to be abundant in this
locality.

Mr. John Ford exhibited specimens of a Gemma gemma, Tot-
ten, remarkable for having fallen during a storm which occurred
at Chester, Pa., on the afternoon of June 6th, 1869.

‘hese specimens were apparently adult, though very minute ;
measuring one-eighth of an inch in length, by three-sixteenths of
an inch in breadth.

Mr. F. stated that he had made inquiry of several gentlemen
who had witnessed the storm on the occasion referred to, and
that the answers of each of them had so corroborated those of
the others as to leave no doubt in his mind as to their having
fallen in immense numbers.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 119

Though the most of them were in a broken condition, large
numbers of perfect ones were collected in various places sheltered
from the heavy rain which followed their descent.

One of the gentlemen referred to,—Y. 8. Walter, Esq., editor
of the Delaware County Republican, published at Chester,—as-
sured Mr. F. that he noticed the singular character of the storm
at its very commencement, ‘“and,”’ to use his own words, ‘‘it ap-
peared like a storm within a storm; a very fine rain falling rap-
idly, veiled by the shells, which fell slower and with a whirling
motion.”

Judging from the remains of animal matter attached to some
of the specimens, together with the fresh appearance of the
epidermis, it is highly probable that many of them were living
at the moment of transition.

120 AMERICAN JOURNAL

ON THE PTEROCERZ OF LAMARCK, AND THEIR MUTUAL
RELATIONS.

BY THEODORE GILL, M. D.

From the earliest times of scientific zoology, there has been
almost universally recognized as a natural group,* and with
its proper affinities as since demonstrated, that group of living
Strombide provided with a digitated expanded lip, with which
the Lamarckian name of Pterocera has been most generally
associated. Whether the mutual relations of the components of
that group have been equally well appreciated will be the sub-
ject for present inquiry.

§ 1. DIFFERENTIAL CHARACTERS.
1. Primary spines and their homologies.

Accepting the current views, ten recent species of Pterocera,
as defined by Lamarck, are distinguishable, and these differ
in the number of alar digitations, the direction of the digitations,
their distribution, and their relative size, the form of the aper-
ture, as well as the presence or absence of rugosities on the
lip, and other trivial characters.

As to the number of digitations, the difference would at first
appear to be very great, but more extended study demonstrates
that it is more apparent than real, and that, in the case of
species with an enlarged number of digitations, a distinction
should be made between primary and secondary or intercalary
ones.

Eliminating for the present such secondary or intercalary
digitations, the species of the group are distributable into two
minor groups ; one distinguished by the major development of six
primary digitations, (exclusive of the canal), and the other by

* To it, however, have been referred species which are not closely re-
lated to the species of the natural group, and which have only an analo-
gical resemblance to such,

'

OF CONCHOLOGY. tS

the presence of only five ; tracing those digitations to their origin,
it is further found that a still more important distinction pre-
vails, and that they are very differently grouped and developed
from entirely different elements.

In the one group, that embracing the largest number of spe-
cies,—those having six digitations, and of which P. lambis is a
representative,—the distribution is as follows :

Ist. Just below the suture is a fasciole, (sutural), but little
differentiated, which finally trends upwards on the spire, and ter-
minates in a single digitation aceumbent on the spire, and con-
tinued more or less upwards from its apex. 2d. Between the
suture and angle, in the mature shell, a fasciole becomes de-
veloped which emits a spine ( post angular) directed backwards.
3d. Around the angle of the cone is a fasciole (angular) gene-
rally indistinct, but becoming well developed a short distance
from the lip in the adult, and terminating in a digitation. 4th.
Below or in advance, another fasciole ( pre-angular) girds the
whorl, and also terminates in a digitation ; the distinction between
the third and fourth is generally slight, and the angular tuber-
cles covering both in common, they may perhaps be considered
as forming a compound fasciole. 5th. Another fasciole (medial)
girds the whorl around the middle and likewise terminates in
a digitation. 6th. Still another ( post-sinual) emits a spine be-
hind the sinus ; an ante-sinual fasciole is unarmed; as is also a
lobal. The canal terminates in a long tortuous digitation curved
towards the right. Finally, reference must not be omitted to an
auriform lobe with which the posterior digitation is sometimes
furnished towards the left.

In the second group, represented by P. chiragra, a very dif-
ferent distribution prevails. Ist. The swtwral fasciole is repre-
sented by two diverging branches, one of which (swtwral) con-
tinuing its quasi-sutural course, terminates in a spine which at
base crosses the spire, and is curved towards the left and up-
wards, and the other (swb-sutwral) terminates in a spine pointed
backwards ; 2d, the angular fasciole is undivided, and terminates
in a single spine, curved outwards and backwards; 3d, the
medial fasciole is also simple, and terminates in a single recurved
spine ; 4th, the postsenwal fasciole is simple, and edigitate ; 5th,
the ante-sinual fasciole is well developed, and the lobal terminates
in a large recurved spine; the siphonal canal is cornuform and
recurved towards the left.

As to the homologies between the digitations of the species of
this group and those of the preceding, there can be no doubt,
after due study.

The large posterior digitation recurved to the left represents

122 AMERICAN JOURNAL

the sutural one of P. lambis, P. pseudoscorpio, P. elongata,
P. violacea, ete.

The angular digitation is homologous with the (median) angu-
lar of P. lambis, Xe.

The lobal digitation has no developed homologue in front of
the inflected lobe of P. lambis or its associates, although the
fasciole may be distinctly developed.

Of course, no doubt can exist as to the homologies of the si-
phoniferous canal, however much the lobal digitation of the one
and the anterior one of the other may correspond in apparent
position or curvature, and the difference in direction of the si-
phonal canal, and its simple trend towards the left in P. chiragra
is therefore to be regarded in some manner as the reflection of
the development of the post-lobal digitation and formative
element in that type.

The relations and differences between the armature of the two
groups thus distinguished, may be expressed in a concise man-
ner by the following formula :

P. lambis, ge. Spines. P. chiragra, $e.
Sutural.
Subsutural.
Postangular.
Angular.

1
0
i
ik
1 | Preangular.
1
1
0
il

Medial.
Postsinual.
Lobal.
Siphonal. | 1, curved toward left.

Eo et

Inclined towards right,

2. Secondary spines.

While in most of the Lamarckian VPteroceras, the primary
spines enumerated are the only ones developed, in one of the
groups there are species which possess, in addition, smaller
spines interposed between, and more rarely, such intercalary

* Pathology, which has furnished such aid to Physiology and Anatomy,
may be invoked with advantage in Conchology. A malformed specimen
of P.lambis exhibits a peculiar arrangement of the sutural digitations
and perhaps furnishes a hint as to the possible manner of diver-
gence of the two types so distinct at the present day. The last whorl, at
its commencement, is rapidly deflected and thence regularly continued
much below the suture, but trends upward as usual towards the matured
lip ; instead of a single digitation concurrent with the spire, there is a
primary malformed one, which trends backwards like the subsutural of
P. chiragra, and another diverging from and crossing the spire towards
the left, as the sutural in P. chiragra. An excessive deposit of callus has
obliterated the canals at the base.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 123

spines are nearly as large as the primary ones. In order to
appreciate the value of this character, it will be advisable to pass
all the species in review.

Ist. P.dambis and its nearly related congeners, P. crocata,
and P. bryonia, have a perfectly entire lip between the primary
digitations.* (Digitations 8.1, A.1-+141. M. 1. P.1.)=—6.

2d. P. scorpio and P. pseudoscorpio are provided with small
dentiform processes, caused by the expansion of the larger re-
volving striz at their ends.

In P. pseudoscorpio there are two, one between the pre-angu-
lar and medial spines, and another between the medial and post-
sinual. Digitations (S. 1. A. 1--1--1. (r). M1. (7). 'P. Lj=
6+2 r. ;

In P. scorpius, however, not only do the corresponding striz
and those on each side thus terminate, but those diverging
and running out on the sides of the digitations expand and are
abruptly truncated, thus producing the nodose appearance of the
digitations of that species so characteristic of it. Digitations
(Stee) vant yet. (re). NE. es) PoE) 6 are

3d. P. millipeda, P. elongata, and P. violacea exhibit, at the
margin of the lip, in place of dentiform processes like those of
P. scorpius, more or less developed and channelled digitations,
and the fascioles corresponding to them are generally developed,
and almost as well defined as the primary ones. In P. millipeda,
however, they are sometimes no more defined than in P. lambis.

In P. elongata three angular spines are alone developed, (at
least generally,) as in P. lambis and P. scorpio and their allies.
Diewations (S. 1. A. t4-1--i. (1) Mot. (1) P. 1.)=8.

In P. millipeda an intercalary digitation is interposed
between the sutural and post-angular.{ Digitations (8. 1. (I.)
ae tier) Mi, 2. Gi.) 8.

* Refereuce is had only to the margin behind the sinus in all cases.

+ In this connection it may be remarked that a specimen of P. scorpzus,
in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution, exhibits intercalary
spines like P. millipeda ; one between the lower angular and median, and
another between the latter and postsinual; the lip had been broken after
having commenced to send forth its spines ; the primary spines are thrown
farther out from the lip, and the median one is smaller than the secon-
daries. The characteristic cedematous condition of the spines has not
been developed, and the specimen was referred by Dr. P. P. Carpenter
to “ P. pseudoscorpio,” but the left basal lobe of the posterior spine, the
elevated white ridge below the hollow of the dorsal tubercle, and the
armed lip (features characteristic of S. scorpvus, but hitherto unnoticed)
unequivocally point out the true relations.

¢ The supernumerary digitation is sometimes undeveloped, as in P.
elongata ; there is, it may be added, no connection between such atrophy
and that of the intercalary fascioles.

124 AMERICAN JOURNAL

In P. violacea there are three angular (including post- and
pre-angular) digitations as in P. millipeda, and instead of one
median fasciole there are two. Digitations(S.1. A. 1-++-1-+-1. (1)
Bone. Me -aLyCAS NT Cee ee t0:

3. Aperture.

Two quite different forms of aperture are recognizable in the
Lamarckian genus. In P. lambis, &c., the aperture is linear, _
about equally wide from front to rear, and almost coequal in
length with the whorl, and the cavity of a large tubercle which
generally exists in the angular fasciole is open to view; a trans-
verse fold is, however, on the columella behind and combines
with a similar one generally developed on the opposite lip, be-
hind or in front of the cavity, to form a constriction between
the aperture proper and a canal emptying into the posterior or
marginal digitation. All the species resembling P. lambis in
the number and distribution of the primary spines agree likewise
in the form of aperture.

P. chiragra and P. rugosa have an ungufform or claw-shaped
aperture, but little curved, and the region of the angular tuber-
cle and cavity is concealed by the contraction of the aperture,
produced by longitudinal plication of the columella and a corres-
ponding development of the labral surface.

4. Character of lip surface.

The species of the group exhibit much difference in the char-
acter of the surface of the lips, some having a very smooth and
polished callous surface, while in others the surface is much
wrinkled and folded. They may be considered in order of de-
velopment.

1st. In P. lambis P. bryonia and P. crocata, the lips are
covered with a perfectly smooth callous coat.

2d. In P. chiragra the margins of the aperture are delicately
wrinkled, the wrinkles being white.

3d. In P. violacea the surface of the outer lip is delicately
wrinkled, while the rugze of the inner are still fainter.

4th. In P. millipeda the wrinkles are about equally devel-
oped on the surface of both lips, but they are comparatively little
raised. } (

5th. In P. scorpio, P. pseudoscorpio and P. elongata as well as
P. rugosa, the wrinkles are very prominent, and pearly white,
strongly contrasting with the purple intervals.

§ 2. Taxonomic DEDUCTIONS.’

Having thus examined the modifications of the principal dif
ferential characters which distinguish the species of Pterocera,

OF CONCHOLOGY. 125

it remains to apply the information gained to the combination of
the several forms.

Ist. In the number, position and direction of the primary spines,
and in the form of the aperture, there is a close and essential
similarity between P. lambis, P. bryonia, P. crocata, P. scorpius,
P. pseudoscorpio, P. millipeda, P. violacea and P. elongata.

2d. On the other hand, in all such respects, P. chiragra and
P. rugosa differ very much from the others and equally closely
agree with each other.

As to the intercalary spines, the extreme species of the first of
such groups differ widely, but are connected by a series of species
exhibiting intermediate character.

As to lip surface, there is likewise a considerable difference
between the extreme species of the same group, but between
such are interposed the species P. violacea and P. millipeda.

In the second group the two species exhibit almost equally
great difference in the character of the lip surface, although in
other respects so closely allied.

It will be apparent that there is no coincidence between the
development of the wrinkled lip surface and of the intercalary
spines, unless indeed it be admitted that the dentiform labral
lobes of P. scorpius and P. pseudoscorpio are spines. Such an
admission would, however, be a virtual confession of the insig-
nificant value of the development of the intercalary spines. On
the other hand, the comparison of P. violacea with P. millipeda,
and of P. chiragra with P. rugosa, attest to the slight value of
the presence or absence of the rugosities as distinctive of natural
groups.

Full consideration would therefore appear to necessitate the
combination of P. dambis and those already enumerated as asso-
ciates in one natural group, and of P. chiragra and P. rugosa,
in another, and in accordance with the prevalent valuation of
groups, such would seem to be well entitled to generic rank.
What names such genera should bear must be a subject for special
investigation, and a review of the literary history is requisite.

§ 3. History.

The founder of the binomial nomenclature associated all the
species known to him, as well as representatives of the genus
Aporrhais and of Rostellaria in the genus Strombus, in a sec-
tion (the first or “ Digitati’’), characterized by the digitated lip.
The genus was first subdivided by a binomial systematist, in
1797,—Humphrey, in the “ Museum calonnianum,’’ published
in that year, combining together the species of the section Digi-
tati of Linné, and reserving for it the name Strombus, while for
those with a simple lip he proposed the name Alatus, but neither

s

126 AMERICAN JOURNAL

name was accompanied with a diagnosis or remarks of any kind,
and their extent are only determinable by their contents and the
synonymy given of the included species.

Lamarck subsequently (in 1799) subdivided the same Linnzan
genus, reserving the name Strombus for the species with a simple
alated lip, and bestowing that of Pterocera on those character- _
ized by a digitated labrum, (excepting, however, the S. pespele-
cant and JS. fusus) each genus being circumscribed and defined
by an appropriate diagnosis and reference to specific types.
The Strombus lambis of Linné was named as the type of Ptero-
cera. The genera thus limited were, as is well known, very
generally accepted by succeeding naturalists, and without modi-
fication for a long period.

In 1851, however, Dr. O. Morch, in the catalogue of the Yoldi
collection, while retaining the name Pterocera in the Lamarckian
sense, subdivided the group, but without accompanying diagnoses,
or limitation by any remarks, into three subgenera, for which
he adopted the Kleinian names Harpago, Millipes and Hepta-
dactylus ; he included in the first the ‘‘chtragra,” and “ ar-
thritica,” as well as ‘‘ pseudoscorpio ;”’ in the second ‘ millipeda”’
and “ scorpius ;” and in the last ‘‘ dambis’”’ and its near associ-
ates. The association of ‘‘ pseudoscorpio”’ with ‘‘ehiragra”’
and “zugosa,’’ was perhaps inadvertent, the result of a printer’s
error or a lapsus calami. The brothers Adams, with the amend-
ments so required, accepted the three subgenera, and at the
same time supplanted the name Pterocera by Harpago, as that
of the including genus. ‘The ‘‘ genus ’’ was defined so as to in-
clude all the species; the “ sub-genus Millipes, Klein,”’ was char-
acterized by the “ outer and inner lips corrugated, digitations of
outer lip numerous,”’ and the “‘sub-genus Heptadactylus, Klein,”’
by the “ outer and inner lips smooth ; digitations not numerous ;”
the typical sub-genus was not defined, and would therefore re-
ceive the residuum,* covered by the generic diagnosis, and eli-
minated by the diagnoses of the other sub-genera—a course con-
ducive to economy of time and thought, but of doubtful expe-
diency.

A still different association of species has lately been pro-
posed by Mr. Gabb (American Journal of Conchology, iv, 139),
who has also adopted the Lamarckian genus in its integrity, and
with the same limitation by diagnosis as Lamarck had provided,
but he has subdivided it into two subgenera, Péerocera and the
“‘sub-genus Millipes, H. & A. Adams,”’ distinguishing the latter
by the “margins of aperture transversely wrinkled and corru-

* Such a residuum would include a large number of extinct forms, some
of which have been actually referred to the genus by Chenu.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 127

gated,” and leaving the residuum eliminated by such diagnosis
in the remaining and otherwise not restricted sub-genus.

It is also necessary to recall that Klein had, as early as 1753,
proposed for species of this group the pseudogeneric names
Radix-bryonie, Harpag JO, Heptadactylus and Millipes.

“Radix bryonie”’ formed “genus xii”’ of his ‘classis i, (Voluta
longa,)’’ and the others, respectively, genera ii, iii and iv of his
*‘ classis iv, (Alata)”’ of his “ sectio ii, Cochlis composita,’”’—the
latter being one of two groups into which Klein divided the
univalve shells, and whose only common character was (applica-
ble toa limited extent only), based on the obconic or cylindroid
form of the large body whorl, and the comparatively small spire,*
which conveyed to Klein the idea of two spiral shells having a
common base. His class ‘ Voluta longa’’ was based on the
obconic or oblong form capped by a little prominent spire,} and
his ‘* Alata,’’ accepted from Rumphius, on the alation of the
outer lip, and the sinus with which that lip is furnished towards the
front.{ The characters of these groups not being comparable
or contrasted, it isnot to be wondered at that a man like Klein
should have referred the same form to two classes [7@. e. families]
especially if that form possessed the characters of each. And
in truth Klein’s genera Radix bryonie and Heptadactylus are
based on the same form, but then they really have the characters
of the classes in which they are respectively placed! Radix
bryonie has the obconic form (and so does Heptadactylus) of the
Voluta longa, and Heptadactylus has the alate and sinuated lip
of the Alata (but which likewise Fadix bryoniw possesses) !
Klein’s failure to perceive the relations in this case may be
supposed to have resulted from the immature condition of Radix
bryonie, the digitations being little developed ;§ Harpago was
distinguished by its six spines, of which one, the largest, followed
the direction of the spire, and two, one on each side of the first,

* Klein’s diagnosis was as follows: ‘‘ Cochlides composctas dicimus, in
quibus duplex test circumvolutio, ita ut quasi ex duabus cochlidibus
videatur composita.” P. 59.

t ** Cochlides volute dicuntur longe, que, preter ventris oblongi gyros
internos, alios ex basi producunt externos.” P. 64.

{‘ Alatas dicimus, cum Rumphio, cochlides compositas, que labium in-
signiter expandunt, & ad anteriorem canaliculum sinum exscissum habent.
Si labium in murices abit, dicuntur speciali nomine: Cornuta.” p. 97.

The class Alata corresponds to the Alata or Strombide of modern
naturalists, after the exclusion of the Rostellarze, and Klein’s acceptance
of so natural an assemblage does not permit one, as so often tempted, to
utterly deny him any judgment or power of appreciation and valuation of
characters.

2‘ Genus xii. Radix bryonia. 2211. Huic radici assimilamus volutam
conicam in decurrente mucrone radiatam.” p. 79.

128 AMERICAN JOURNAL

were curved towards each other like the horns of a cow.* Hepta-
dactylus was distinguished by the development of seven spines,
and Millipes of ten or eleven.t The genus Harpago would be
equivalent, so far as the diagnosis and known species are con-
cerned, to the natural group of which P. chiragra and P. rugosa
are the representatives. Hepta-dactylus includes the species P.
lambis (Kleinian species 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5,) and P. scorpio or P.
pseudoscorpio (K. s. 6,) as well as one of the chiragra group
(IX. s. 7,) to which, it is almost needless to say, the diagnosis
is not applicable ; finally, MiZ?ipes includes two nominal species
identifiable with P. millipeda.

The Kleinian names Harpago, Heptadactylus, and Millipes,
were adopted for groups, as already indicated, by Morch and the
Adams brothers, but with modified limits, so far as the species
enumerated were concerned; at the sacrifice, however, in the
case of the Adams, of conformity between the characters of the
species and the diagnosis.

The facts that Montfort, in 1810, applied the modified name
Pteroceres to the Lamarckian genus, and that in 1822 Fabricius
gave the new name Digitata, are only of historic interest.

§ 4. REVIEW.

The rules of the British and American associations for the
advancement of science are provisionally, at least, adopted.

Under one of those rules, the pseudogeneric names connected
with species of this group by Aldrovandi, Klein and others will
be at once eliminated from consideration as ante-Linnzan and
not binomial.

Under another rule, Humphrey’s limitation of the genus
Strombus to the present forms cannot be accepted, as neither the
genus itself nor those eliminated from it were in any manner
characterized.§

* « Genus ii. Harpago. 3 252. Ab uncis dicitur Trocho-Conus, labiosus,
torosus, tympanosus, in sex murices acutos & aduncos fissus. Ultimus
ad mucronem longissimus; duo sequentes & sibi oppositi sunt recurvi,
instar cornu bovini; reliqui tres breviores, valde adunci. Testa ab extra
alba; maculis fuscis picta. Pentadactylus, Plinz.” p. 98.

+“ Genus iii. Hepta-dactylus, 2254. Kst. Trocho- Conus, labio in septem
murices diviso.” p.99. { ‘ Genusiv. Millipes. 2256. Est Trocho-Conus
labiosus & cornutus; ex labio 10. vel 11. murices curvos protendens ;
super dorso nodoso lineis rufis & nigris pictus.” p. 99.

2 This rule is here adopted, as on another occasion, under protest. It
is doubtless the duty of an author to state the reasons tor such changes
from an accepted method as he may deem advisable, and neglect to cha-
racterize such genera or other groups to which he first applies names, at
least gratuitously transfers the labor of interpreting his own thoughts on
another, and, it may be, is too much like obtaining credit on false pre-

OF CONCHOLOGY. 129

Lamarck’s name Pterocera having been the first one proposed
that was binomial and accompanied by a diagnosis, must therefore
be adopted; and as it was especially typified by P. lambis, it
must be retained for the group represented by that species.

Having repeated the diagnoses of the several subdivisions of
Pterocera proposed by authors, it will be apparent that none have
been hitherto based on more than the number of spines and the
absence or presence of labial rugosities. It may further be re-
marked that previous authors have equally failed in their spe-
cific descriptions or otherwise to recognize any other than numeri-
cal differences, or those of form in the digitations.

With respect to the subdivisions of the Lamarckian genus,
March, first of the moderns who subdivided it, gave no diagnoses,
and, if he should be judged by his distribution of the species, it
would be difficult to surmise his views; but, as already remarked,
his chief error was probably typographical or inadvertent.

The diagnoses of the Adams brothers are not consistent with
the contents of the genera, two of the five species of Millipes
( pseudo-scorpio and scorpio) not having the “ digitations of outer
lip numerous,” but ‘not numerous,” as in Heptadactylus, from
which they differ, however, by having the ‘outer and inner lips
corrugated.” The typical species of Harpago have the outer and
inner lips corrugated, and digitations not numerous; consequent-

tences. But would not the sperzt of the rule cited require that the diag-
nosis should also, besides being correct in its original application, be even
strictly applicable to the groups with which the name should afterwards
be associated? Little consideration would be sufficient to show what
confusion would be the result of such interpretation, however. In the
group under review, for example, the Linnean diagnosis of Strombus is
inapplicable to any group to which an author would now apply the name ;
Pterocera, as characterized by Lamarck, is quite different from that now
characterized, and still more apposite are the Adamsian diagnoses of
Harpago, Millipes, and Pterocera. The diagnoses of those groups (in one
case by implication) are by no means characteristic of their contents. The
diagnoses are simply transmutations in combination of two characters ;
that of Mll¢pes really excludes two of the five species referred to, and
those two would be relegated to Harpago! Inthis case the authors were
more happy in their appreciation than in their verbal limitation. The
question naturally recurs then, is a diagnosis that is actually erroneous,
and that misleads better than none at all? Butif we reply in the nega-
tive, and yet accept the rule, how many rejections of accepted names, and
what countless changes would the logical application of such a rule en-
tail! The rule, however, has the merit of conveying the sense of natural-
ists generally, that one has no right to shirk a duty, even should he fail,
and that if his time be insufficient, or his power of expression be not ade-
quate to those of appreciation, silence should be his course, unless he
can make arrangement with another wedleng to assume the labor he is un-
able to perform. He, ora recognised representative should, at least, with
a new name, reveal the knowledge of which it may be supposed to be the
expression,—or perhaps, the ignorance.

130 AMERICAN JOURNAL

ly, so far as the characters given would indicate, the species do
not differ subgenerically from those forms of Heptadactylus. As
it might be replied that the dentiform lobes between the digitations
were also considered as digitations, it is not superfluous to add that
the species of Harpago have similar dentiform lobes. The Adams-
ian groups are indeed natural, but in spite of their diagnoses. The
value of those groups is by no means equal, however. It is quite
true that there may be great inequality in the value of natural
genera, and that some naturalists would recognize genera in the
Pterocere of the lambis form on the one hand, and those of the
scorpio and millipeda on the other, or, indeed, in each form. This
would be asimple question of appreciation of values; the present
writer is indisposed to regard the differences as of generic im-
portance.

Mr. Gabb’s combination of the rugose Pterocere with the spe-
cies of Harpago in a single genus contradistinguished from the
Pterocerc with smooth lips, it must be confessed, was not a happy
modification, as that able naturalist, on reconsideration, would
doubtless admit.

In pursuance of the views explained, the Lamarckian Pterocere
will therefore be re-distributed among two genera, on the bases
already indicated and as set forth in the following diagnoses.

The differences in the dentition of the radula between the
genera are immaterial, but so are those between the Pterocere
and the Strombz, as defined; it is possible that the apparent
differences between the two may be still further reduced or
altogether nullified by the examination of other species.

§ 5. DESCRIPTIVE.
PTEROCERA, Lamarck.

Historical Synonymy.
Aporrhais, sp. Aldrovandi, De Test. pp. 343, 344.
Radix bryonie, sp. Klein, Tent. Meth. Ostrac. 17538, p. 79.
Heptadactylus, sp. Klein, op. cit. p. 99.
Millipes, sp. Klein. op. cit. p. 99.
Binomial Synonymy.
<Strombus, Humphrey, Mus. Calonn. 1798, p. 39. (Not limited
by description.)
<Pterocera, Lam., Prod. 1799, p. 72; Syst. An. sans Vert.
1801, p. 80. (P. lambis.)
<Pteroceres, Montf., Conch. Syst. ii, 1810, p. 606. (P. scorpio)
<Digitata, Fabr., Fort. 1822, p. 86.
> Pterocera (Millipes), Mérch, Cat. Yoldi, i, 1852, p. 60. (Not
described. )

OF CONCHOLOGY. 131

> Pterocera (Heptadactylus), Moérch, op. cit. p. 60. (Not de-
scribed.)
> Harpago (Millipes),* H. and A. Adams, Gen. Moll. i, 1858,
. 261.

> Harpago (Heptadactylus),* H. and A. Adams, op. cit. p. 261.

<Pterocera (Pterocera), Gabb, Am. Jour. Conch. iv, 1868, p.
139.

Strombus, sp. Linn. et al.

Lambis, sp. Bolten.

Pterocera ( Millipes), sp. Gabb.

Animal stromboid; radula (8. lambis, bryonia) with the rhachi-
dian teeth two and a half to three times as wide as long, some-
what narrowed towards base, with a large convex median tooth,
and two or three smaller on each side; inner plate oblong
rhomboidal, with a heel developed on the inner part of the basal
border, and a process near the base and from the external edge;
cutting margin with a large inner pointed tooth and three or four
smaller ones; lateral plates very long, narrow and curved,
armed on the anterior margin near the point with from three
to six teeth; outer lateral plate broader at base than inner.

(Troschel.)t

Shell obconoid, with the spire moderately elevated, the canal
produced into a long involute digitation, tortuous and inclined
towards the right, the labrum much alated and produced into
spiniform digitations, and with the sinus deep and entirely
lateral.{ Whorls concave between the angle and the suture,
coarsely spirally striated, and with six§ more or less developed
primary fascioles, emitting as many involute primary digitations,
of which the sutural or posterior is accumbent on the spire and
continued backwards from the apex, three radiate from and near
the angle, and two are between the latter and the sinus; second-
ary fascioles and spines are, in some species, interposed between
the primary; antesinual lobe unarmed. Aperture linear, con-
tinued to the posterior boundary of the whorl.

* The Messrs. Adams called these subgenera, but they always employ
their subgenera in a generic sense.

+ Dr. Troschel refers to a figure of P. Jambzs, but the one cited repre-
sents Aporrhazs, under which reference is again made to the same figure.

{The “entirely lateral” sinus contrasts with the anterior position
characteristic of the genus Huprotomus (St. auris-diane, etc.), in which
the expansion of the lip and deflection of the anterior portion of the
shell and revolving strie throw it entirely forwards.

2 The exceptional number of seven is developed in P. violacea.

132 AMERICAN JOURNAL

SPECIES.

Eight distinctly marked species are distinguishable among the
forms that have heen described or indicated. These may be
naturally grouped with reference to the development of certain
‘characters. Of primary importance seems to be the condition of
labial surface, some being smooth and others rugose at that re-
gion; those having rugose lips differ again in the development of
the processes between the primary labral spines, such processes
being generally simple lobes in some species, while in others
they are extended into involute spines. The general form, orna-
mentation, development of the lip, and especially of the spines,
in their respective variations furnish other excellent characters
for the discrimination of the species. As several important dif-
ferences seem to have hitherto been generally overlooked, the
following synopsis and amended but incomplete diagnoses of the
species may be acceptable:

Synopsis.
I. Lips smooth.
Ia. Body whorl tuberculated at the angle.
Lip eflected ; columella with callus diffused, P. lambis.
Lip inflected; columella with callus stratified, P. crocata.
Ib. Body whorl unarmed at angle, P. bryonia.
II. Lips rugose.

Ila. Intercalary digitations none.

Posterior digitation with a basal lobe, P. scorpius.

Posterior digitation simple, P. pseudoscorpio.
IIb. Intercalary digitations developed.

Posterior digitation simple, P. millipeda. |

Posterior digitation with a basal lobe.
Labral digitations 8; labral wrinkles very

distinct, P. elongata.
Labral digitations 10; labral wrinkles
faint, P. violacea.

A. Aperture smooth within. Primary digitations of
labrum only developed; six, or exceptionally seven
in number.*

1. P. tampBis, Lam. ex Linn.

Strombus lambis, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 1208.
Pterocére scorpion, Blainy., Malac. pl. 26, f. 3, 4. (not Lam.)

*In a specimen of P. bryonza in the collection of the Smithsonian In-
stitution, there are four angular spines, the lower of which is forked, as
in an example mentioned by Humphrey.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 13e

Pterocera lambis, Lam., Prod. p. 72; Hist. Nat. An. sans
Vert. ed. 2, ix, 672. Reeve, Mon. Pterocera, sp. 8.

Pterocera (Heptadactylus) lambis, Mérch, Cat. Yoldi, p. 60.

Heptadactylus lambis, Ad. f. Gen. Moll. i, p. 261.

Harpago lambis, Ad. f. Gen. Moll. Atlas, pl. 27, f. 2

Angular fasciole carinated on spire, on the last whorl provided —
with two enlarged tubercles ; labium with the callus diffused ; la-
brum with the margin (normally) eflected, with the spines eflected
outward and rather small, and with the ante-sinual lobe undu-

lated. Lips whitish, more or less sanguineous within and be-
hind.

Hab.—Philippine Islands and Ceylon.
2. P. crocata, Link.*

Pterocera crocata, Link, Verz. Nat. Samml. Rostock ?

Pterocera aurantia, Lam., Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert. ed. 2, ix,
675. Reeve, Mon. Pterocera, sp. 7.

Pterocera (Heptadactylus) crocata, Morch, Cat. Yoldi, i, p. 60.

Heptadactylus crocatus, Ad. f. Gen. Moll. i, p. 261.

Angular fasciole carinated on spire, and on the last whorl
armed with two enlarged tubercles ; labium with the callus con-
centrated, and stratified or folded near aperture; labrum with
its margin inflected, the digitations successively more recurved,
and the antesinual lobe tridentate. Lips more or less orange or
saffron-colored.

Hab.—Philippine Islands.
3. P. BRyonta, Reeve ex Gmel.

Strombus radix was Chem., Conch. Cab. x, p. 227, pl.
159, f. 1512-15.

Strombus bryonia, Gmel. in Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13, p. 8520.

Strombus truncatus, Dillw., Cat. ii, p. 659.

Pterocera truncata, Lam., Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert. ed. 2, ix,
p- 671. Kuiener, Spec. Gen. Pterocére, p. 3, pls. 1 and 10.

Pterocera bryonia, Reeve, Mon. Pterocera, sp. 1.

Pterocera Sebe, Kiener (ex Val.), Spec. Gen. Pterocére, p. 4,
pl. 2, and pl. 4, f. 2

Pterocera radix bryonie, Morch, Cat. Yoldi, p. 60.

Heptadactylus radiz-bryonie, Ad. f. Gen. Moll. i, p. 261.

Young. Pyrula bengalina, Grat., 1840.

Angle coronated or tubereuligerous on spire, unarmed

*This name is accepted on authority of Mérch and Adams,

10

134 AMERICAN JOURNAL

on the last whorl; labium with the callus diffused; labrum with
its margin erect, with six moderate digitations, and with the
antesinual lobe little undulated. Lips whitish or lurid.

Hab.—Society Islands.

B. Aperture corrugated within. (Millipes, Mirch, Ad. f.)
1. Digitations of labrum six, between the median of which
are dentiform processes.

4. P. scorprus, Lam. ex Linn.

_ Strombus scorpius, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 1208.

Pterocera nodosa, Encycl., pl. 410, f. 2. Swains., Exotic
Conch. App. p. 32.

Pterocera scorpio, Lam., Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert. ed. 2, ix,
p- 674.

Pterocera scorpius, Reeve, Mon. Pterocera, sp. 3.

Pterocera (Millipes) scorpio, Morch, Cat. Yoldi, p. 60.

Millipes scorpio, Ad. f. Gen. Moll. i, p. 261.

Pterocera (Millipes) scorpio, Gabb, Am. Journ. Conch. iv, p.
140.

Labrum with a prominent transverse white ridge in front of
the concavity of the dorsal tubercle; laterally inflected, ribbed
between the spines, and with a dentated margin; the spines no-
dose, and the posterior furnished with a compressed auriform lobe
at the left base.

Hab.—Philippine Islands.
5. P. psEuDOscoRPIO, Lam.

Pterocera pseudo-scorpio, Lam., Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert. ed.
2, 1x, p. 674. Reeve, Mon. Pterocera, sp. 4.

Pterocera (Harpago) pseudoscorpio, Mérch, Cat. Yoldi, p. 60.

Millipes pseudoscorpio, Ad. f. Gen. Moll. i, p. 261.

Labrum with no distinct ridge behind, and with the concavity
of the tubercle mostly in advance of the columellar fold ; mode-
rately inflected, with single dentiform lobes between the angular
and median, and median and postsinual spines; with spines vbso-
letely or not at all nodose, and the posterior simple and with no

basal lobe.
Hab.—ZLanzibar, ete.

This very distinct species has hitherto only been distiuguished
from P. scorpius by the larger size and larger and less nodose
spines, and consequently it was natural that Reeve and others
should have been of the opinion that ‘it is extremely doubtful

OF CONCHOLOGY. 135

whether this is anything more than a local variety of the fore-
going species.” Kiener, acting on this opinion, united it with
P. scorpio, adding that the only difference he could perceive
were the slight superiority in size, and the thicker and less nodu-
lose digitations.

2. Digitations of labrum separated by secondary ones inter-
calated at the right margin.

The validity of three species of this section is now no longer
questioned, but it must be confessed that, however readily they
may be recognized, some of their most distinctive characters have
not been alluded to in the diagnoses published. Without repeat-
ing characters generally given, they may be additionally dis-
tinguished as follows:

6. P. mitiipepa, Lam. ex Linn.

Strombus millipeda, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 1208.

Pterocera millipeda, Lam., Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert. ed. 2,
ix, p. 673; Reeve, Mon. Pterocera, sp. 10.

Pterocera (Millipes) millipeda, Morch, Cat. Yoldi, p. 60.

Millipes millipeda, Adams, f. Gen. Moll. 1, p. 261.

Angle armed with four digitations, the uppermost (rarely nuil)
being an intercalated one; posterior digitation simple; lateral
digitations, especially the primary, much recurved; lips with
wrinkles moderately developed.

Hab:—Philippine Islands.

7. P. ELoNGATA, Swains.

Strombus novem-dactylis instructus, Chem., Conch. Cab. x, p.

, 207, pl. 155, f. 1479, 1480.

Strombus millipeda, var. B., Dillw., Cat. ii, p. 660.

Pterocera millipeda, part Lam., Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert. ed.
2, ix, p. 673 (Syn. part ; not desc.)

Pterocera elongata, Swains., Exotic Conch, App. p. 32.
Reeve, Mon. Pterocera, sp. 9.

Pterocera crocea, Sowb., Thes. Conch. p. 11, f. 4.

Millipes elongatus, Ad. f. Gen. Moll. i, p. 261.

Angle armed with the three normal digitations ; posterior
digitation furnished with a lobe at its left base; lateral digita-
tions straight ; lips with wrinkles well developed.

Hab.—?

136 AMERICAN JOURNAL

8. P. vioLAcEA, Swains.

Strombus multipes, Chem., Conch. Cab. x, p. 216, pl. 157, f.
1494-5 (not binomial author). ;

Pterocera millipeda, part Lam., Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert. ed.
2, ix, p. 673 (Syn. part ; not desc.)

Pterocea violacea, Swains., Exotic Conch., App. p. 88.

Pterocera multipes, Desh., in Lam. Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert.
ed. 2, ix, p. 677. Reeve, Mon. Pterocera, sp. 5.

Millipes multipes, Ad. f. Gen. Moll. i, p. 261.

Angle armed with three digitations ; a posterior and an ante-
rior median fasciole in place of the normal single fasciole ; pos-
terior digitation with an elongated lobe at its left base; lateral
digitations straight or little curved; all. the digitations are
channelled and not involute; wrinkles on the labium anteriorly
faint or obsolete.

Hab.—Kast Coast of Africa, fide Reeve.

HARPAGO, H. and A. Adams ex Klein.

Synonymy.
— Harpago, Klein, Tent. Meth. Ostrac. 1758, p. 79 (not bino-
mial).
— Pterocera (Harpago), Morch, Cat. Yoldi, i, 1852, p. 60 (not
described).

—Harpago, H. and A. Ad., Gen. Moll. i, 1858, p. 60.
> Harpago, Gabb, Am. Journ. Conch. iv, 1868, p. 140.
Strombus, sp. Linn., Humphrey, &ce.

Lambis, sp. Bolten.

Pterocera, sp. Lam., &e.

Animal stromboid ; radula (7. ehtragra) with the rhachidian
teeth transversely oblong, about twice as wide as long, and con-
tracted towards the base, with a large median and two smaller
teeth on each side; inner plates oblong-rhomboidal or trapezoi-
dal, with a continuous, but sinuous hinder margin, with very
large inner tooth, followed by three smaller ones and a cutting
ledge ; lateral plates very long, narrow and curved, armed with
about five teeth on the anterior margin near the tips. (Troschel.)

Shell obconoid, with the spire moderately elevated, the canal
produced into a long involute digitation boldly recurved towards
the left, with a sinus at its base; the labrum much alated and
produced into spiniform digitations, and with the sinus deep and
entirely lateral. Wahorls concave between the angle and suture,
coarsely spirally striated, and with fascioles (except sutural) well
developed, the subsutural emitting a spine not accumbent on the

OF CONCHOLOGY. ton

spire, directed backwards, and the sutural a second accumbent
on and crossing the spire, and recurved towards the left and back-
wards; angular and median emitting single recurved spines ;
postsinual unarmed ; lobal emitting a large recurved spine in
advance of the middle of the ante-sinual lobe.

Aperture unguiform, contracted behind by the development of
longitudinal callous ridges, which are almost applied on each
other, the columellar being outermost.

The two species may be briefly distinguished as follows :

1. Harpago CHIRAGRA, Adams f. ex Linn.

Strombus chiragra, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 1207.
Pterocera chiragra, Lam., Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert. ed. 2, ix,
p- 675. Reeve, Mon. Pterocera, sp. 2.

Pterocera (Harpago) chiragra, Morch, Cat. Yoldi, 1, p. 60.

Harpago chiragra, Ad. f. Gen. Moll. i, p. 261.

Fascioles, angular tuberculated, others almost unarmed, ante-
sinual with a compressed tubercle near the base of the digitation ;
lips rosaceous, with very faint and almost obsolete wrinkles ;
sutural digitation with a canal open at base, the outer border
being bent outwards and attached above the angle of the body
whorl, on which the digitation is chiefly bent and accumbent.
Large.

Hab.—Society Islands.

2. Harpago RuGOSA, ex Sowerby.

Pterocera chiragra, part Lam., Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert. ed.
2, ix, p. 675 (Syn. part ; not desc.)

Pterocera rugosa, Sowb., Thes. Conch. part 2, pl. 11, f. 9, 10.
Reeve, Mon. Pterocera, sp. 6.

Pterocera (Harpago) arthritica, Morch, Cat. Yoldi, p. 60.

Harpago arthriticus, Ad. f. Gen. Moll. i, p. 261.

Fascioles, except sutural and ante-sinual, with prominent tu-
bercles ; ante-sinual smooth; lips with very prominent white
wrinkles, contrasted strongly with the deep purplish or blackish
ground; basal posterior digitation with its canal closed by the
reflection of its margins, and accumbent on the middle of the
spire. Size moderate.

Hab.—Kastern seas.

§ 6. Extinct ASSOCIATES.

To the genus Pterocera have been referred numerous species
by various authors, most of which, however, have been success-

138 AMERICAN JOURNAL

ively eliminated therefrom by others, and have served as con-
stituents of new genera, or been associated with previously es-
tablished ones. The propriety of the elimination of the forms
which have been referred to the genera Aporrhais and its dis-
memberments, Alaria, Diarthema, Pterocerella, Dicroloma, and
Tessarolax, may be at once admitted. With equal propriety has
Mr. Gabb eliminated P. speciosa, P. Dupiniana, and P. marginata,
all described by d’Orbigny, from the residuum, but the propriety
of combining those three together in one subgenus, to be con-
sidered as of Pterocera, is questionable, especially as the typical
species is not provided “ with a straight or recurved canal ante-
riorly, and a canal ascending the spire posteriorly; or an
“outer lip digitate;” its relations, indeed, appear to be rather
with the typical Strombide.

After all these eliminations, as Mr. Gabb has remarked, “in
the cretaceous and jurassic formations are many shells with all
the characters called for in the commonly received definition of
Pterocera, but having a peculiar ‘facies’ of their own,”’
yet from which, ‘except in general appearance [he] can find
no difference,’ and thus, by the latest reviser of the group, they
are left in Pterocera. This residuum, however, contains no spe-
cies to which the amended diagnoses of Pterocera and Harpago
are applicable, and it is by no means certain that any are at all
related to those genera. There are, however, two types which
have at least considerable superficial resemblance to them, and
which may possibly belong to the Strombide, but such appears
to the writer improbable, and provisionally, at least, they may
be more advantageously retained among the Aporrhaide. ‘They
do not appear to have the sinus characteristic of the Strombide ;
in one, indeed (Pt. Moreausiana, d’Orb.), a sinus might be con-
sidered to exist, on faith of the illustration, but the appearance
is rather produced, there is reason ‘to believe, by the extension
of the anterior fasciole into an aborted lobe or digitation, and a
consequent emargination between it and the median digitation.
In order to secure for the forms in question due attention and
re-examination, it seems advisable to especially designate them,
but I have not had the opportunity of examining them, and de-
rive my information respecting them solely from d’Orbigny’s
‘“‘ Paléontologie Francaise.”’

HARPAGODES, Gill.

Pterocera, sp. d’Orb., ete.

Shell obconic or ovate-conoid, with the spire moderately ele-
vated, the canal produced into a long digitation boldly recurved
towards the left, and the labrum m

OF CONCHOLOGY. 139

spiniform digitations. Whorls convex or flat between the angle
and suture, spirally ribbed, with larger rib-like angular, median,
and anterior fascioles (and sometimes post-angular), each emitting
long spiniform digitations; and with a sutural canaliculate
digitation accumbent on the spire, continued and recurved back-
wards. Cretaceous and Jurassic.

Type H. PeEnaet.
Piterocera Pelagi, d’Orb., Pal. Franc., T. cret. ii, pl. 212.

CERATOSIPHON, Gill.

Shell fusi-conic, with the spire considerably elevated, the
canal produced into a long digitation recurved towards the left,
-and the labrum much alated and produced into spiniform digita-
tions. Whorls concave or flat between the angle and suture,
spirally striated, and with rib-like angular, median, and anterior
fascioles, of which the two former, at least, emit spiniform digita-
tions, the sutural emitting a digitiform canal accumbent on the
spire and directed backwards.

Type C. Moreausiana.

Pterocera Moreausiana, d’Orb., Pal. Frane., T. cret. 1, pl.
Zi, ifs

Distinguished by the elongated hamiform siphonal canal and

the posterior canal co-ordinated with the ‘facies’ of Aporrhais.

§7. APPENDIX.

As the useful ‘‘ Manuel de Conchyliologie” of Dr. Chenu is
the guide of many conchologists, the species figured therein may
be here identified with propriety, especially as some of the
species have been misunderstood. Fig. 1612 represents ZH.
rugosa, not “P. chiragra”’; 1618, “* P. lombis”’ correctly ; 1614,
“ P. multipes”’ = P. violacea correctly ; 1615, P. pseudoscorpio,
not ‘‘P. scorpio’’; 1616, P. violacea, not ‘“P. millipeda”’;
1617, “ P. elongatus”’ =P. elongata correctly.

140 AMERICAN JOURNAL

MATERIALS FOR A MONOGRAPH OF THE FAMILY
LEPETIDZ.

BY WM. H. DALL.

I have to thank Dr. Stimpson, of the Chicago Academy of
Sciences, for the use of material, and am much indebted to the
Smithsonian Institution for the use of the specimens in their
cabinet, for the purposes of comparison.

Any contribution to science, tending to clear up the uncer-
tainty which hangs over many shells, supposed to be circumbo-
real, or otherwise, is not without value, and perhaps for this
family in particular, which has been more or less misunderstood
and confused by every author who has mentioned it, principally

from the habit of copying from one author to another, without
original verification.

Family LHEPETID.
Syn. Lepetide, Gray, Guide, p. 172.
Patellea, *** Lovén, p. 199.
Patellide, (pars), Auct. _
Tecturide, (pars), Jeffreys, Adams.
Characters.—Branchiz none. Eyesnone. Rostrum provided
with labial tentacles. Dental formula 31;. Rhachidian tooth

rhomboidal, cuspidate. lLaterals slender, cuspidate. Shell pa-
telliform.

Genus LEPETA, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1847, p. 168.

Syn. Patella (pars), auct.

Cryptobranchia (pars), Midd., Sib. Reise, p. 183, 1851.
Schrenck, R. v. Amurl. p. 291, 1867.

Propilidium, Gray, Guide Moll. p. 172. H.and A. Ad.,
Gen. R. Moll. p. 462. (Not Forbes and Hanley.)

Pilidium, Stimps., Shells of N. E. (Not Forbes and
Hanley, nor Middendorf.)

Scutellina, Chenu, Manual, p. 375 (pars).

OF CONCHOLOGY. 141

Subgenus Lepera, Dall ex Gray.

Gen. ch.—Apex erect; shell slightly colored, or uncolored,
sculpture more or less strongly striate, reticulate or papillose.
Mantle edge entire, simple. ‘Tentacles setaceous. Rhachidian
tooth tricuspid, central cusp much larger than the other two ;
shape rhomboida]l. Laterals broadly simply cuspidate, pointed
at their bases.

Type. Lepreta czHca, Gray. Plate 15, fig. 1, a, b, ¢, d.

Syn. ?? Patella ceca, O. F. Muller, Pr. Z. Danica 1766, p.
237; Zool. Dan. vol. i, p. 25.

Patella ceca, Loven, Ov. K. v. Ak. For. p. 199, pl. vi,
1847.

2? Patella ceca, var. genuina, Midd., Bull. Phys. Math.
Ac. Sci. St. Petersb. vol. vi, No. 20, 1847 ; Sib. Reise,
p183,, pl. xvi fig:.0.

2? Lepeta ceca, Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 168; Guide Moll.
p- 172, fig. 108. H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll.
voll 1,, ps 462 (not fig.) Jeffries, Brit. Conch. vol. in,
p- 251, pl. 5, fig. 6.

Patella cerea, Moller, Moll. Gronl. p. 16.

Patella candida, Couthouy, Bost. Jour. Nat. History, vol.
ii, p. 86, pl. iii, fig. 17, Feb. 1838. Gould, Inv. Mass.
p-. 152 , 1841.

Pitediuah. candidum, Sces Shells of New England, p.
29, 1851.

? Lepeta Frankhini,* Gray, Guide Moll. pl (2.

Not Propilidiwm ancyloide of Forbes and Hanley, as
affirm Gray, Guide Moll. p. 172, ard H. and A.
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. vol. i, p. 462.

Sp. ch.—Shell patelliform. Apex erect, situated in the cen-
tral third. Nucleus sinistral, deciduous. Sculpture fine radiating
elevated striz, rendered nodulous by the intersection of imbri-
cated concentric lines of growth, forming a beautifully reticulated
series of papillee, stronger toward the base. Anterior and pos-
terior planes sometimes arched, often straight, and very frequent-
ly somewhat concave, giving a peculiar prominence to the apex,
which is generally eroded. Color white, generally concealed by
a brown epidermis, and sometimes having a pinkish or rufous
tinge. Shape somewhat elongate oval. Long. °45, lat. 34,
alt. °22 in. Defl. 100°. Number examined, 38 specimens.

* In none of the works at hand on the Mollusca can I find any other
reference to this (?described) species than the original one of Dr. Gray.
1 therefore place it doubtfully in the synonymy of ‘this species,

142 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Soft parts. Body whitish, foot oval, thin, mantle entire, edge
thickened. Rostrum with two tentacular appendages; anus
opening over the neck, also ? genital duct. No eyes; tentacles
setaceous, short, thick; no external gills. Rhachidian tooth
tricuspid ; central cusp long, pointed, black; lateral cusps cen-
trally indented, giving the aspect of two denticles, on each side
of the central cusp. Shape rounded rhomboidal ; base delicately
impressed with longitudinal lines, thickened. Outer laterals
alated posteriorly, shafts pointed at the base. Inner laterals
similar, not alate; cusps moderately broad, simple. Jaw simple,
edge entire, divided into two parts by an impressed median line.
Number examined, 20 specimens.

A shell resembling this was described by Miller in 1766, as
having the apex inclined posteriorly, and his statement has been
referred to this species, and copied by all subsequent authors.
On a careful inspection of many authentic specimens, some of
which still preserved the nuclear whorl, I am unable to find any
grounds for the statement. ‘The apex is in almost every case
erect; in a very few strongly inclined forward. In none does
it exhibit any tendency backward. It is true Miiller’s specimen
may have been abnormal, but more probably he had in view a
specimen of Propilidium, in which the apex is reversed, but
which belongs to another family, although it has by Adams,
Gray, and others, since been confounded with our shell. Stimp-
son, and later, Jeffreys, very properly separated them, though,
pending the examination of the dentition, the precise position of
Propilidium is doubtful. It has, however, distinct gills on the
back of the neck, which, as well as the apical septum, exclude it
from the Lepetide.

Loven’s figure of the dentition of this species is correct in
general effect, but incorrect in detail. ‘This was doubtless due
to the imperfection of his microscope, or other similar circum-
stances. ‘The figure represents the ribbon obtained from a dried
specimen from Norway, through Prof. Sars; now in the Smith-
sonian collection.

Specimens from Norway, Finmark, Greenland, Nova Scotia
(L. candida, Couth.), Gaspe, and Grand Menan, have been ex-
amined, and no essential differences observed.

Middendorff reports it from the Ochotsk, and Schrenck, copy-
ing him, from North Japan seas, but they probably refer to va-
rieties of the succeeding species, the shells having much general
resemblance; though the anatomy of the animals shows them to
be generically distinct.

Dr. Gray gives a copy of Miiller’s original figure from the
Zool. Danica which shows no labial appendages, which strength-

OF CONCHOLOGY. 143

ens the probability that he referred to Propilidiwm (Forbes and
Hanl.), which is figured by them also without them; and their
figure has been copied by Adams and others as Lepeta ceca. But
these appendages are present, and even conspicuous, in specimens
from Grand Menan in the Smithsonian Cabinet, and also were
perceptible in Prof. Sar’s dry specimen, from which the ribbon was
obtained ; they are also present in the two species of Crypto-
branchia from the Pacific and Behring Strait. Hence it is hardly
probable that they could have been overlooked.

Subgenus CryproBRANcHta, Dall ex Midd.

Syn. Cryptobrancha, Midd. (pars), Sib. Reise, p. 183. Idem,
Schrenck (pars), Reise von Amurl. Moll. p. 291.
Lepeta, Carpenter, Suppl. Rep. pp. 603 and 651 (not
Gray).
Diag. Apex incl. anteriorly; shell slightly or not colored,
striated. Rhachidian tooth provided with three nearly
equal denticles. Uncini broadly hooked.

Type. CRYPTOBRANCHIA CONCENTRICA, Dall ex Midd. Plate
15, fig. 2, a to g.

Syn. Patella (Cryptobr.) ececa, var. (8) coneentrica, Midd., Sib.

Reise, p. 183, pl. xvi, fig. 6. Sept., 1851.

Patella ceca, Idem, Bulletin Phys. Math. Acad. St. Pe-
tersburg, Vol. vi, No. 20, 1847. Schrenck, R. v.
Amurl. Moll. p. 291, 1867.

Lepeta eecoides? n.s., Cpr., Suppl. Rep. Br. Ass. pp.
603 and 651, 1868.

Lepeta ceecoides, J. G. Cooper, List. Cala. Moll. p. 24,
No. 459. Carpenter, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. April,
1865, p. 60.

Sp. ch.—Shell patelliform, of a light brownish or greenish hue,
even when weathered. Apex anteriorly directed,—conspicuously
so in young individuals; situated in the anterior fourth. Ante-
rior and posterior planes of the shell somewhat arcuate. Surface
smooth, with delicate uniform elevated strive radiating from the
apex, like threads upon the surface of the shell; slightly, if at
all, interrupted by the concentric lines of growth, which last, in
some individuals, are strongly impressed at intervals, but other-
wise hardly evident. The number of these impressed lines
seldom exceeds three or four. Epidermis extremely thin, brown-
ish, generally lost except in very young specimens. Interior
smooth, polished, white, often with a greenish tinge. Palleal
line complete. Muscular impression narrow, only interrupted

144 AMERICAN JOURNAL

above the head. Length of adult specimen 84 in., breadth -64
in., altitude -26 in. Defl. of apex 110°, of ant. slope, 54°.

Length of most elevated specimen °56, breadth -45, alt. -26
in. Shell broadest posteriorly, making the outline somewhat of
an egg-oval shape. Number examined, 107 specimens.

Soft parts. Foot oval, thin. Head broad, rostrum short,
above rounded; below, produced on each side into a tentacular
filament, somewhat longer and slenderer than the tentacles. Eyes
absent ; tentacles short, thick, with concentric wrinkles setaceous
on either side of the rostrum. Mantle edge simple, thickened,
slightly striate on the inner side, continuous in front of the head.
Over the head extremely thin, varicose. Behind the head on
right side are two papille, being the openings of the generative
duct or ovary, and to the left of it, of theanus. Liver and ovary
(which fills the apex) of a dark green, completely encircled by
the intestine, which is of adark brown color. Buccal mass large.
Jaw thin, translucent, divided by an impressed median line into
two portions ; edge entire, simple.

Rhachidian tooth broadly cordate, bearing three nearly equal
black cusps with orange bases. Base thickened ornate, like an
ancient lyre with five strings. Inner lateral simple, cusp not
much wider than the shaft. Outer lateral posteriorly alate, sim-
ple, strong. Base pointed. Shaft wider than the inner lateral,
and as wide as the cusp. (See fig. 2, a.) Number examined, 13. |
Cabinets Smiths. Inst., McGill College, Chic. Ac. Sci., Bost.
Soc. Nat. History.

This shell differs from the Lepeta ceca of Europe and Eastern
America in its sculpture, so that, even without a knowledge of
the animal, the conservative but accurate Middendorf separated
it as a permanent variety, under the name concentrica. A more
thorough knowledge reveals differences in the anatomy which
the simplicity of the shells would not lead us to suspect, render-
ing a subgeneric separation necessary. Middendorf, ignorant of
the genus Lepeta, which had not been characterized, but only
indicated by Dr. Gray, proposed the genus Cryptobranchia for
its reception, which, restricted as above, is here adopted. This
species is the L. cecoides of Dr. Carpenter.

Middendorf’s specimens came from the Ochotsk Sea; Dr.
Carpenter’s from California and Puget Sound. I have it from
St. George’s Island, Behring Sea; Ounalashka, Ounga Id., 4
fms., Kadiak 6 fms., and 10 fms. shelly mud, Sitka harbor, on
stones and dead shells. Also Monterey, which is probably its
most southern station.

Very young specimens of ? Seurria mitra, Esch., might be

OF CONCHOLOGY. 145

mistaken for this shell, but are more elevated, and the apex is
erect and nearly central. ;

The absence of a gill is a remarkable feature in this family.
The most careful dissection revealed none internally, nor is there
ingress for water, except through the ovarian duct, anus, or
mouth. The edge of the mantle is thick and slightly striate, and
if this does not perform the office of a gill, possibly it may be
done by the hood, or portion of the mantle immediately over the
head and neck. There is quite a large extent of this thin vari-
cose membrane, and it is possible that this may be its office. (Fig.

3, d.)
CRYPTOBRANCHIA ALBA, Dall, n.s. Plate 15, fig. 3, a, b, ¢, d.

Sp. ch.—Shell pure white, smooth, or with extremely faint
strie: solid; interior pure white, apex anteriorly directed, in-
conspicuous ; shell arcuate before and behind. Length of adult
‘96, width -70, alt. -40 in. Number examined, 15 specimens.

Soft parts as in the last species, but tentacles much smaller,
and also the labial tentacles. , Rhachidian tooth with longer cusps
proportionately than concentrica, somewhat rhomboidal; base
lightly ornate; anterior corners produced, rounded; laterals
with shafts simple, sinuous, cusps three times (or more) as broad
as the shafts, barely denticulate along the edge, and finely striate
beneath. Bases of shafts pointed. Number examined, 7 speci-
mens. Seniavine Strait, Stimpson. Plover Bay, E. Siberia,

Dall.

This species differs from the last in its smooth shell, greater
“size, pure whiteness, greater lateral compression, and generally
more rounded back, from the less prominent apex. The tentacula
in a specimen twice the size of a concentrica were not half as
large. The teeth especially differ in the shape of the central
tooth, and the greatly broader cusps of the laterals and their
striation, resembling those of Pilidiuwm fuluum (Loven). These
strie are what Lovén terms “ cilia,’”’ which misapprehension pro-
bably arose from a poor microscope, as those instruments in 1847
were very far from their present perfection.

Cabs. Smithsonian Inst., Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.

? CRYPTOBRANCHIA INSTABILIS, Dall, nom. prov. Plate 15, fig. 6.

Sp. ch.—Shell patelliform, depressed, broad, smooth or lightly
striate (young). Apex inconspicuous, in the anterior fourth.
Sculpture in the adult only of the concentric lines of growth,
which are occasionally impressed. Plane of the base of the shell
curved upward anteriorly and posteriorly, without compression of

146 AMERICAN JOURNAL

the sides. Shell very thick, solid, muscular impression deeply
impressed. Long. -56, lat. -52, alt. -20 in. Defl. apex 120°.
Number examined, 6 specimens.

Soft parts unknown. Sitka, 10 fms. shelly mud, dead.

In the absence of the animal it is impossible to refer this sin-
gular form definitely. Its affinities appear to be with Crypto-
branchia, as far as can be judged, except that the sides are com-
pressed ; it resembles a little Macedla instabilis, a much larger and
more elevated shell, from California.

Spurious SPECIES.

22 Lepeta puntarenensis, Trosch. (ex Mirch), Wiegm. Arch. 1860.

Syn. Lepeta puntarene! Mérch, Mollusk-fauna Centr. Am.
Malak. Blit. Dec. 1860, p. 175, No. 215.

Sp. ch.— Testa ovalis, apice elevata excentrica, intus lactea,
extus flavescens ; lineis exilibus, radiantibus et concentricis sub-
zequalibus, crebrerrimis; confertim decussata intersectionibus
nodosis. Margine integro. Facies L. cece, Mulleri. Long. 6,
lat. 4, alt. 2 mill. Punta Arenas (Pacific coast Central Amer.)
1 specimen. Differs from LZ. ceca in the very thick and strong
concentric lines and delicate radiating lines.”

This shell is probably not a Lepeta, its habitat being tropical ;
it may be a Seutellina, or even an Aemea ; it is quite impossi-
ble to determine the generic affinities from the shell alone.

Geaus PILIDIUM Forbes.

Syn. Pilidium (fulvum), Forbes, Athenzeum, Oct. 6, 1849, p.
1018. Forbes and Hanley, Br. Moll. vol. ii, p. 440,
1849. Wood, Ind. Test. pl. 38, fig. 83.

Tothia, Gray (not Forbes), Syst. An. figs.; Moll. An.
1854, p. 93; Guide Moll. p. 172. H. and A. Adams,
Gen. Rec. Moll. (Fam. Tecturidee), vol. 1, p. 461.

Pilidiwn, Stimpson, Check List E. C. Shells.

Scutellina, Chenu (pars), Man. de Conchy.

Not Pilidium, Midd. (P. commodum), Sib. Reise, 1851,
p- 214 = ? Velutina, sp. jun., nor

Pilidium, Stimpson, Shells of N. Eng. = Lepeta, pars,
nor

Jothia, Forbes = err. typ. for Lottia.

(The circumstances under which this genus was named having
been a subject of discussion, and few naturalists in this country
having the opportunity of consulting the newspaper report in
which it was originally published, the extract is given verbatim.)

OF CONCHOLOGY. 147

Report of Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement
of Science. London Atheneum, Oct. 6, 1849, p. 1018.

“ Section D. Natural History.

‘Papers presented. ‘On the Genera of British Patellacea,

by Prof. H. Forbes.’

“Tn the course of the researches undertaken by the author
and Mr. Hanley for their joint work on the History of the Brit-
ish Mollusca, a fresh inquiry was required to be made into the
propriety with which the British Patellacea had been assigned to
known genera. It resulted that among our species we had two
new forms for which it became necessary to construct new generic
types,—viz.: the so-called Jothia [misprint for Lottia] fulva,
and Lothia [do.] ancyloides. Neither of these belong to Acmea,
with which Jothia [do.] is synonymous, but differs essentially in
characters of head, mantle and dentition,—and in the latter case,
position of body in relation to the shell. As no established ge-
nus can receive them, for the former a new genus, Pilidium, is
proposed, * * * and for the latter, a new genus, Prop?-
lidium.”

The words enclosed in brackets are ours. Admitting the
validity of a misprint, which is doubtful, the grounds for refer-
ring the first species to any other generic name than Pilidiwm
are not apparent ; and especially as Prof. Forbes says “ ¢t differs
essentially’? from the “ so-called Lothia,” the reference of it to
that generic name afterwards by several authors seems entirely
gratuitous. *

Gen. ch.—Shell patelliform. Apex anterior, generally deep
colored. Mantle fringed with cilia. Rhachidian tooth long,
rhomboidal, bearing a very large black cusp, with a simple denti-
cle on each side. Laterals with broad cusps, striated beneath and
obliquely bent. Shafts slender. (Lovén.)

Type. PILIDIUM FULVUM, Forbes. Plate 15, fig. 4, 4a.

Syn. Patella fulva, O. F. Muller, Prod. Zool. Dan. p. 227;
Zool. Dan. pl. 24, figs. 1, 2, 8. Lovén, Ov. K. y. Ak.
Fora pi ldd. ples:
Pilidium fuloum, Forbes, Athenseum, Oct. 6th, 1849, p-
1018. Forbes and Hanley, Hist. Brit. Moll. vol. ii, p.
441, pl. 62, figs. 6, 7, pl. AA, fig. 3.
Patella Forbesii, J. Smith, M. Wern. Soe. vol. viii, p. 107,
pl. ii, fg. 8. Brown, Ill. Con. Gt. Brit. pl. 57, figs.

)

* See Woodward’s Manual Recent and Fossil Shells, p. ii.

148 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Tectura (Iothia) fulva, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Ree.
Moll. vol. i, p. 461, pl. hi, fig. 6.

Tectura fulva, Jeffreys, Br. Conch. vol. iii, p. 250.

Lothia fulva, Gray (not Forbes), Syst. An. Figs. Moll.
An. p. 98, 1854; Guide to Moll. p. 172.

Patella rubella, O. Fabr., Fauna Gronl. p. 386, No. 3883.

Pilidium rubellum, Stimpson, Check List East Coast
Shells, No. 812.

Sp. ch.—Shell patelliform, orange-fulvous, rarely paler, or
even white; apex anterior, pointed, prominent. Sculpture,
elevated radiating strize, crossed by concentric imbricating lines
of growth, forming reticulations of greater or less strength, and
sometimes almost entirely absent. Interior smooth, polished,
particularly European specimens. Long. *30, lat. -18, alt. -10
in. Apical defl. 108°. ‘Ten specimens examined.

Soft parts. Body whitish; no eyes; tentacles short, stout,
foot oval. Rostrum provided with short triangular appendages.
Mantle entire fringed with short transparent cilia. No external
branchie. (Jeffreys and Lovén.)

Rhachidian tooth long, narrow rhomboidal, provided with a
heavy central cusp and two small denticles. Laterals with slen-
der shafts pointed at the bases; cusps broad, obliquely bent,
striated beneath. (Loven.)

I have not been able to obtain specimens of the soft parts of
this species, and quote Jeffreys and Loven.

Patella rubella, O. Fabr., seems to be a coarser, paler variety
of the above, from authentic specimens.

N. B.—This species has been referred to the Tecturide by «
Jeffreys, apparently under the misapprehension that the denti-
tion resembled the typical T'ectura, from which it is widely re-
moved. He states that 7ectura has elongated and hooked later-
als, and two central or rhachidian teeth; which is a mistake.

The dental formula of Zectwra is 335 in the diagonal series,
and there are no central teeth. It almost identically agrees with
Aemcea mitra, Esch., which, according to Philippi, is (from the.
original specimen) the type of EHschsholtz’ genus Acmaa, his
Acmea mammilaris being an eroded specimen of the same species.
It is certainly not the same as Sowerby’s Lottia pallida, which
is certainly the same as Scurria scurra, d’Orb., from which S.
mitra is likely to differ generically. It does not possess the re-
markable frills between the mantle edge and the foot, figured
by d’Orbigny and particularly noticed by Gray (Guide Moll. p.
172).

OF CONCHOLOGY. 149

The foot of Seurria mitra, Esch., is oval, thin, smooth, and,
like all the soft parts in life, of a livid white color. The edge of.
the mantle is complete, thickened and simple. The hood is
generally perforated over the gill. There are no papille, ten-
tacule, or anything of a like nature between the edges of the
foot and mantle. The tentaculz are long, rounded, with small
black eyes on the outer bases. The eae or rostrum is short,
provided with a well developed sucking disk around the mouth,
with a rough surface and a continuous edge. Outside of this
edge the outer edge of the rostrum forms a fold, which is termi-
nated at either side by a round and conical papilla. The gill is
laminar, triangular, thick ; under the hood, out of sight; but
points across the neck from right to left diagonally.

For details of dentition see fig. 5, A, from a specimen dredged
in 4 fms. stony mud; Coal Harbor, Ounga Island, Alaska. Soft
parts fig. 5, c, from a specimen from Monterey, Cal. Fig. 5, b,
shell. -

Puiate 15.—Explanation of figures.
Fig. 1. Lepeta ceca, Gray.

a, dentition (specimen from Norway).

b, profile of do.

ce, extremely young magnified four times linear, showing the
nucleus lying flat on the apex.

d, shell, profile and outline, natural size.

Fig. 2. Cryptobranchia concentrica, Midd.

a, dentition (specimen from Sitka).

b, profile of do.

c, animal in situ from below.

d, animal removed from shell, from above.

0, mantle edge ; p, muscle ; 2, in-
testine ; y, liver and ovary; 2,
genital and anal papilla.

e, profile and outline of shell, natural size.

f, buccal plate, magnified. g, muzzle from in front, magnified.

(Posterior a little fore-
shortened.)

Fig. 38. Cryptobranchia alba, n. s.

a, dentition.

b, profile and outline, natural size.

c, animal in situ, natural size.

d, front view, mantle raised, magnified.
Lt

150 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Fig. 4. Pilidium fuluum, Forbes.

a, dentition, laterals on one side removed to show form of
Rhachidian tooth.
4 a, shell, natural size.

Fig. 5. Seurria mitra, Esch. (not Gray, Adams).

a, dentition, from a specimen dredged in 4,fms. N. Harbor,
Ounga Island, Alaska.

b, outline and profile of small specimen.

c, soft parts, with mantle raised up.

Fig. 6. 2? Cryptobranchia instabilis, n. s.
Shell natural size, outline and profile.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 151

ON THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA OP
NICARAGUA.

BY RALPH TATE.

I. INTRODUCTION.

The district in which the species enumerated in this paper
were collected comprises much of the south and central portions
of the republic of Nicaragua.

Nicaragua presents two distinct types of soil, vegetation, and
climate, and, in a limited degree, the land shells are restricted
to one or other of the districts. ‘These are:

(1) astern District.—A low mountain chain trends in a
north-west and south-east direction through the central part of
the country; it is composed of diorites and schistoze rocks,
yielding by decomposition a stiff argillaceous soil, which is
clothed with a dense forest. ‘This region extends to the Atlantic
seaboard, the climate of which is excessively humid. I collected
during a period of five months in that portion of this region
known as Chontales, which is situated at from 1500 to 3000 feet
above the sea level.

(2) Western District.—Two parallel chains of volcanic moun-
tains occupy the western portion of Nicaragua. Here, from the
absorbent nature of the rocks and the comparatively little rain,
the chief vegetation is grass, but on the margins of the streams
and on some of the alluvial flats there isa limited growth of
timber trees. The general aspect of this region is that of sa-
vannas interspersed with wood.

The mountain range bordering the Pacific is the primary di-
viding ridge, and between it and the median chain extends alow
valley stretching from the Gulf of Fonseca on the north into
Costa Rica on the south; within this longitudinal valley is

152 . AMERICAN JOURNAL

situated the group of Central American lakes. The river San
Juan, which discharges the surplus water of Lake Nicaragua,
flows through a transverse valley to the Atlantic at Greytown.

All the species enumerated in this paper were collected to the
east of the Pacific coast range.

The land shells which are limited to the voleanic country are
Helix griseola, Glandina rosea, Bulimus unicolor, B. discrepans,
Helicina rostrata, &e.; Bulimus castus, Helix Parkeri, H. cce-
cowdes, Tebennophorus auratus, Krynickia Americana, and Helt-
cina denticulata, are confined to the mountain forests.

All the Unionide, Ampullarie, Tryonic, Planorbes, Neritine
and Phys were collected in the basin of the Lake Nicaragua
and the San Juan; Melania, Amnicola and Spherium being
confined to the Chontales District.

If. ENUMERATION OF THE SPECIES.

I would acknowledge here that I am under great obligation to
Mr. Tryon for the majority of the specific determinations. The
species enclosed within brackets are extra-limital. Excepting
Tebennophorus auratus, all the species have been Aleposited in
the Museum of the Society.

1. Pomus pyrum, Phil.

Occurs in the river San Juan, its tributaries and creeks; in
the river Panaloya, and in Lake Nicaragua at Grenada.

This species usually lives on the muddy bottom of still-water
courses, and though sometimes observed floating on the surface
of the water, yet if surprised in that position it immediately
sinks to the bottom. The eggs are deposited in semi-pyriform
masses on the stems of Cyperus and small trees growing in or at
the margin of the water ; the capsules are shelly, greenish-white,
numerous, and by compression hexagonal. In every instance
the aggregation of capsules was placed from a few inches to two
and three feet above the highest level of the water, and it is be-
yond a doubt that the parent molluse leaves the water for the
purpose of nidification. The species of Pomus observed by me
in South America have the same habit, whilst Marissa deposits
its gelatinous ege-masses always below the surface of the water.

2. MELANIA GASSIESII, Reeve.

Lives on stones in the rocky beds of the clear, rapid-flowing
streams taking their rise in the Chontales Mountains. The
species is confined to Central America.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 1533

3. AMNICOLA PANAMENSIS, Tryon.

Collected at the roots of aquatic plants in a swampy pool near
Javali, in the Chontales, at an elevation of 1750 feet.

4, TRYONIA ORNATA, Morelet.

On the muddy shores of Lake Nicaragua and in the pools by
the margin of the same, La Playa, Grenada.

Of the desiderata to our knowledge of this genus I can only
furnish that of the operculum, which is corneous, thin, subspiral,
and radiately marked.

T. ornata is the third species of the genus ; the others inhabit
California.

5. NeRITINA LISTERI, Ch.

Very abundant on the rhizomes of aquatic plants throughout
the river San Juan. In Greytown harbor, where this species
and Planorbis tumidus live, the water is alternately brackish and
fresh, according as to whether the tide is flowing or ebbing.

6. NERITINA VIRGINEA, Lam.

With Cyrena solida, Phil., on sandy bottom, brackish water
pools, Punta-Arena, Greytown; nidifying on dead shells of
Cyrenc and on each other; very abundant. Also at Salt Creek,

Costa Rica, and Boca del Toro, Panama. ‘This species is truly
estuarine.

[NERITINA INTERMEDIA, Brod.

On the bottom of asmall fresh-water stream by the railway
terminus, Panama City. |

T. TEBENNOPHORUS AURATUS, Tate.

Animal elongated, slender, attenuated behind, convex, shining,
smooth ; mantle reaching to nearly the edge of the foot, from
which it is separated by a groove; yellowish-grey, with numer-
ous small white and gold spots, and fewer and larger black ones,
the last forming a black streak on the upper lateral margin ;
foot narrow, extending a little beyond the mantle, pointed be-
hind, truncated in front, where it is of a reddish-yellow color,
other portion whitish-grey ; tentacles four, upper black, one-tenth
of an inch in length, lower tentacles very short.

Dimensions.—Extended length, -8 inch; breadth when ex-

tended, -1 inch; respiratory orifice, from the front, -15 inch;
contracted length, -d inch.

154 AMERICAN JOURNAL

This species is not uncommon under stones and on decaying
timber, Javali, Chontales.

8. KryNiIcKIA AMERICANA, Tate. Plate 16, fig. 1.

Animal slender, pointed behind, back convex, granulated;
mantle 275 inch in length, free as far as the respiratory orifice,
brownish-black and smooth; color of body grey, with black in
the grooves, giving the general appearance of a brownish-
black ; head and tentacles of a lighter color; edge of foot with
defined crenulated border; foot grey, and divided into three
bands. Jaw horse-shoe shaped, with a median projection ; it is
analogous to that, less the posterior plate, of Succinea putris.
Lingual dentition consists of straight rows of about fifty plates ;
the median plate obscurely tricuspid ; the laterals bearing two
subulate or symmetrical cusps. Shell represented by a thin
semi-opaque membrane.

Inhabits under stones and about houses, Javali, Chontales,
where it is not uncommon. ‘This slug is very active, moving
about at night, and can suspend itself by its mucus.

Though this animal resembles Limaz agrestis and L. campes-
tris, and so much the latter as to give rise to doubt as to their
specific distinctness, yet the character of the mantle, which de-
termines its position in the old-world genus Arynickia, alone
distinguishes my species.

GUPPYA, Tate.

Stenopus, Guilding (name preoccupied).
Conulus, Guppy (1868), non Moquin-Tandon.
Examples.—Helix Gundlachi, Pfr.; Conulus vacans, Guppy.

Animal related to that of Zonites ; foot truncated, furnished
with a mucus pore and retractile appendage; median part of
foot defined. ‘* Lingual dentition in G. vacans 30° 5:0:5- 30;
teeth broad, subequal, first five laterals symmetrical, with a
large rounded cusp having a smaller cusp of similar shape on
each side; outer laterals bicuspid, resembling the teeth of
Testacellus,’—Guppy. Shell small, trochiform, subperforate,
thin, shining, finely and longitudinally striated, lip acute.

Mirch, misreading the author’s description of the lingual den-
tition of Conulus vacans, Guppy, writes that it “doit former un
genre a part, le genre Guppya; les dents ressemblent a celles
des Testacella,” whereas the laterals only resemble those of that
genus. However, I have adopted Mérch’s name with much
pleasure in compliment to my friend,—a most accurate and zeal-

® OF CONCHOLOGY. 155

ous observer in Natural History, and who has so extensively
contributed to our knowledge of the molluscan fauna, recent and
fossil, of the Antilles.

The genus Guppya occupies a determinate position among the
genera to which it is related, either by the lingual dentition or
the pedal characters ; in a few words, it has the shell of Conulus,
with the pedal peculiarities of Nanina, the animal of which pre-
sents many distinguishing features.

9. Guppya GUNDLACHI, Pfr. sp.

Whatever specific name should be applied to the species under
consideration, it undoubtedly belongs to the generic group having
G. vacans as a type.

The foot is white underneath, light grey, with a bluish-black
streak above, truncated, but slightly acuminate inferiorly, cau-
dated superiorly, and provided with a mucus pore; eye tentacles
blackish-red, the inferior tentacles grey.

Living among moss on trees, Chontales forest and forest by
the river San Juan, Toro Rapids; it inhabits Cuba.

10. HeLix GrisEoua, Pfr.

Common throughout the savanna region, Masapa, Grenada,
San Ubaldo, &c., living on the blades of grass, and resembling
in its habit H. virgata, &c. It is quoted from Texas and Mexico,
but is not enumerated among the Guatemalan species by ‘Tris-
tram.

11. HeLix cacorpEs, Tate. Plate 16, fig. 2.

Shell small, conoidally globose, minutely perforate; whorls
four, convex, suture deep ; the epidermis somewhat shining, horny
brown, rising into distant equal rugulose oblique lamellee ;
aperture nearly circular, a little oblique; peritstome acute.
Diameter and height one-tenth of an inch.

The shell of this species is closely related to H. cwca, Guppy,
H. Jerensis, Guppy, and, with H. bracticola, Guppy, and Hf. n.
sp. (San Lucia, Tate), constitute a group which has H. lamellata
in Europe, and H. labyrinthica, in North America, for analogues.

H. ccecoides lives among moss on trees, in company with
Guppya Gundlachi, Chontales forest.
12. HeLix BuaKkeANA, Tate. Plate 16, fig. 3.

Shell depressed, small, semitransparent, shining; epidermis
greenish, strongly and regularly concentrically costulate, inter-
stitial spaces obscurely striated; whorls four, rounded, rapidly

156 AMERICAN JOURNAL ¢

enlarging ; swtwre deeply impressed; spire slightly elevated ;
umbilicus wide, deep, exposing all the whorls; outer lip sharp.
Diameter 0-125 inch; height 0-075 inch.

The shell of this species has great affinity to that of H. minu-
tissima, Lea, and H. miliwm, Morse.

H. Blakeana inhabits the Chontales forest; one specimen
only was preserved. It is dedicated to Dr. C. Carter Blake, my
late colleague in Nicaragua, in pleasing remembrance of his
assistance and genial companionship in many excursions.

? HeLix sp. “As large as H. Pomatia, at Acota.” Blake.

[Heiix piicata, Born.
Forest, north shore of Naval Bay, Colon. ]

13. Butimus zEBRA, Miller.

Throughout the country; living in small isolated colonies on
the trees in the Chontales forest.
14. Butimus Brrenptt, Pfr.

Forest on the banks of the river San Juan, Castillo, and Toro
Rapids. Recorded from Bolivia.
15. Butimus unicotor, Sowerby.

In copses in the savanna region, Grenada, Masapa, and San
Nicolas. Also occurs in Panama.
16. Butimus parvus, Lea.

Living with B. wnicolor.

17. Butimus castus, Pfr. ? (juvenis.)

Javali and on Petia Blanca, at about 2500 feet elevation; in
the Chontales forest.
18. Butimus macuLatus, Lea.

Copses in the savanna region, San Nicolas. Recorded from
New Grenada.
19. BULIMUS DISCREPANS, Sowb.

Savanna region, Grenada, Masapa, San Nicolas.
20. BULIMUS cosTaTo-sTRIATUS, d’Orbigny.

At the bases of trees in the savannas, San Nicolas, and Gre-
nada, and in the moist forest on the San Juan, Toro Rapids.
This species also inhabits Cuba.

OF CONCHOLOGY. n L575

21. BULIMUS MIMOSARUM, d’Orb.

On wet rocks and among weeds in the fossé to the fort at
Castillo; very abundant. Recorded from Bolivia.

[Butimus Tryonranus, Tate. Plate 16, fig. 4.

Shell conically subulate, semipellucid, not umbilicated, whorls
seven in number, rather flattened, shouldered at the suture, orna-
mented with numerous nearly straight longitudinal coste, inter-
stitial spaces smooth’; suture somewhat impressed ; columellaa
little thickened; aperture elliptical; outer lip straight and sim-
ple.

Total length of shell -22 inch; breadth 0:075 inch ; height of
last whorl 0:075 inch.

In the forest on an island in the lagoon of Boca del Toro, on
the borders of Panama and Costa Rica. ]

[BuLimus PLICATELLUS? Guppy (Stenogyra).

The examples collected appear to be young shells of this West
Indian species. Living with B. Tryonianus, &c. Boca del Toro. ]

22. ACHATINA OCTONA, Chem.

Throughout the savanna region, Grenada, San Ubaldo, and at
Castillo and Greytown, Nicaragua. Also at Boca del Toro,
Naval Bay, and Matachin, Panama.

[ToRNATELLINA INTERSTRIATA, Tate. Plate 16, fig. 5.

Shell acuminately oblong, subdiaphanous, light horn color,
shining, ornamented with many sinuate longitudinal coste, the
interstitial spaces with about three costelle; whorls T—8, con-
vex, suture well defined; apex blunt, smooth; aperture ellipti-
cal; outer lip thin, simple, straight; columella obliquely trun-
cate, twisted, reflexed, forming an umbilical fissure ; no parietal
plait ; last whorl forming nearly half the length of the shell.

Dimensions.—Total length of shell, “O10 30
Height of last whorl, 175 “LT
Breadth of shell, 175 “Li

Living in company with Bulimus Tryonianus, &c. Boca del
Toro, Panama. |

23. TORNATELLINA HYALINA, Tate.

Related to J. interstriata, hyaline, with a higher and more
inflated body whorl.
Total length -23 inch; height of last whorl -12; breadth :15.

158 AMERICAN JOURNAL

One specimen only was obtained with Bulimus Berendtt, Toro
Rapids.
24. GLANDINA

Woods near Grenada.
25. GLANDINA ROSEA, Fer.

Throughout the savanna region, sheltering under the leaves of
pinnellas (Bromelia pinguis). Grenada, Masapa, San Ubaldo, &e.
26. GLANDINA Dysont, Pfr.

With Bulimus mimosarum in the fosse to the Castillo Fort,
also in the forest near Toro Rapids.

27. SuccINEA INFLATA, Lea.

Dead shells, San Nicolas and San Ubaldo. It inhabits also
the southern States of the American Union.

28. SUCCINEA RECISA, Morelet.

On the marshy borders of the river San Juan and Lake Nica-
ragua, at San Carlos; on wet rocks at the waterfall, Javali
brook, Chontales. It is recorded from Panama.

29. Vaarnutus Fiormanvs, Binney.

Under stones, Javate, Chontales; probably the same species,
but twice the size; Toro Rapids. Inhabits Florida.
30. PHysa squaLipaA, Morelet.

Pools bordering Lake Nicaragua at Grenada, and in a creek
of the San Juan, ‘Toro Rapids.

31. PHYSA PURPUROSTOMA, Tristram.
Var. ventricosa. Ina small stream at San Nicolas.
32. VELLETIA EXCENTRICA, Morelet.

Pools and streams, on aquatic plants, Chontales district, San
Nicolas, and San Augustin.

33. PLANORBIS TUMIDUS, Pfr.

Lake Nicaragua, and the river San Juan to its mouth. The
above localities mark for the present the southern limit of this
species, which ranges through Gautemala and Mexico to Texas,
and occurs in Cuba.

34. PLANORBIS KERMATOIDES, d’Orb.

Planorbis Duenasianus, Tristram.
Marshy pools, San Augustin, near Acoyapa.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 159

35. PLANORBIS DECLIVIS, Tate.

Shell orbicular, depressed, light horn colored, somewhat
shining, strongly and regularly wrinkled across ; whorls four to
- five, rounded, suture deep, the last two whorls flat above and be-
low, concealing the others; the spire and umbilicus. deeply and
abruptly impressed ; last whorl suddenly deflected at the aper-
ture, which is horizontal and nearly circular; peristome united
all round; outer lip slightly reflected.

Dimensions of adult shell: greater diameter :25 inch; height
‘075 inch.

Marshy pools San Augustin near Acoyapa, living in company
with Planorbis kermatoides and Velletia excentrica.
36. PLANoRBIS FieLpr, Tryon.

Distinguished from P. Havanensis, Pfr., by being more de-
pressed, and in the white opacity of the under side of the shell.
Diam. -35 inch; height °1 inch.

Pools by margin of Lake Nicaragua at Grenada. Panama
(Field).

37. CYCLOTUS TRANSLUCIDUS, Sow.

In the Chontales forest, where it is not uncommon, ascending
the Petia Blanca to an elevation of nearly 3000 feet; it is
sparsely distributed in the savanna region.

38. C. ———

San Nicolas.
39. HELICINA DENTICULATA, Pfr.

The operculum is solid, purplish-brown, granulated. Ascend-
ing trees, Chontales forest, where it is rare; it is known in
Honduras.

40, Heicina rostrata, Morelet.

Syn.—H. Salvini, Tristram.
In the savanna region, San Diego; it is a Guatemalan shell.

41. Henicrina TURBINATA, Wiegm.

Forest, Toro Rapids; hitherto only known from Mexico.
[ HELICINA SEMISTRIATA, Sow.

In the woods and cocoanut groves about Boca del Toro.]
42. SPHH RIUM MERIDIONALE, Prime.

Marshy pool near Jayali, Chontales. Panama (Prime).

160 AMERICAN JOURNAL

The method I have employed to collect the shell of this and
other species, which are too minute to be taken by a scoop, is by
pulling up by the roots the submerged plants, and washing them
in a large bottle of water. The finer mud being removed by
agitation of the water, the shells were searched for in the coarser
sediment.

S. meridionale is very active, and climbs the sides of a vessel
with great facility.

43. CYRENA SOLIDA, Phil.

With Neritina virginea in brackish water pools, Greytown,
burrowing to a depth of one or two inches in the sandy bottom.
Recorded from Belize.

44. Unto Rowettt, Lea.

Rivers Malacatoya and Estar, Nicaragua. Chagres river,
New Grenada (Lea).

45. Unto GApBpraNna, Lea.
North shore of Lake Nicaragua.

f000 <0. —<—<—<——
North shore of Lake Nicaragua.

47. Unio
River Tipitapa (or Panaloya).

48. Anoponta Bripe@ssit, Lea.

River Tipitapa, and sand-bar north of river Estar, Lake
Nicaragua,

The largest specimen collected measures four and a half inches
in length.

49. ANODONTA INAQUALTS, Lea.

Lake Nicaragua, near San Ubaldo, and River Malacatoya.
50. ANODONTA LUTEOLA, Lea.

River at Tierra Blanca and River Malacatoya.
51. Mycretopus WEDDELLI, Hupe.

The genus Mycetopus, hitherto limited in the western hemi-
sphere to tropical South America, is represented in Nicaragua
by one species, the identity of which with the Brazilian form is
somewhat doubtful in the absence of specimens for comparison.
The Central American analogue appears to present differences

OF CONCHOLOGY. 161

in size and coloration, but which alone cannot be regarded as of
specific value. The color of the Nicaraguan shell is yellow horn,
without green bands, shining, and marked with faint radiating
lines. The dimensions of the largest specimen are as follows:
Total length 3°35 inches; height ‘95 inch; thickness °5 inch ;
length of anterior side -9 inch. ‘x

M. Weddelli was collected on the muddy margins of the river
Tipitapa.

Collecting Unionide in tropical countries can only be success-
fully pursued during the dry season, as during the rainy season
the species are in comparatively deep water, and cannot be gath-
ered except by means of a dredge, the employment of which
under such circumstances I would recommend. An examination
of rivers and lakes at the two seasons will give widely different
results as regards the presence and abundance of these forms of
molluscan life. The Unionide inhabiting large sheets of water
are presumed to be littoral; certainly in Lake Nicaragua the
upper limit of their distribution is that of low-water mark, but
their extension in’ depth is not known. All the species I have
recorded are littoral, but whether they are confined to this zone,
or that other species replace them in deep water, are unsolved
problems. The thin-shelled species are largely preyed upon by
herons and other birds, and often much to the annoyance of the
collector. During my travels in Venezuela once only did I meet
with Unionide,—on the margins of a lake-like expansion of the
river Carichapo; but not a single perfect shell did I secure,
though innumerable fragments strewed the shore, they having
broken all the valves left by the lowering of the level of the
water.

The following molluses recorded from Nicaragua did not oceur
tome: Helix Parkeri, Helicina merdigera, Cyrena sordida, Unio
aratus, Unio cyrenoides, Unio Newcombianus, Anodonta Nica-
ragua.

III. RELATION TO OTHER FAUNAS.

The molluscan fauna of Nicaragua presents no marked facies,
and is characterized by the absence of, rather than the presence
of peculiar genera. The geographical position of Nicaragua leads
us to infer that the species of shells would be in common with
those of the Mexican province on the one hand, and with those
of the Columbian province on the otber, and such is the case.
Thus, whilst Bulimus Berendti, B. unicolor, B. maculatus, B.
mimosarum, Planorbis Fieldii, Cyclotus translucidus, Amnicola

162 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Panamensis, Unio Rowelli, Spherium meridionale, and Myceto-
pus Weddelli ally the fauna specifically to that of tropical South
America, Helix griseola, Glandina Dysoni, Succinea inflata,
Vaginulus Floridanus, Planorbis tumidus, Helicina tuberculata
and H. turbinata are more northern forms, which in Nicaragua
commingle with those of a more southern origin. Bulimus zebra,
Achatina actona and Cyclotus translucidus are common to Cen-
tral America, South America and the Antilles; Guppya Gund-
lachi and Bulimus costato-striatus are Cuban species. The only
“species common to Nicaragua and the neighboring State of
Gautemala are Melania corvina, Bulimus zebra, Achatina octona,
Physa purpurostoma, Planorbis tumidus, Planorbis Kermatoides,
Cyclotus translucidus, Helicina rostrata, and H. merdigera.
Generically Tebennophorus is North American, Glandina Cen-
tral American, whilst Mycetopus and TYornatellina are South
American.

The land snails of Gautemala, Honduras, Yucatan and Mexico
resemble those of the West Indies in the prevalence of Cylin-
drella, Macroceramus, Adamsiella, Megalomastoma, Chondropo-
ma, Cistula, and Tudora, none of which genera have been ob-
served in Nicaragua and south to the Isthmus of Darien. This
circumstance, viewed in connection with the distribution of the
Nicaraguan species, points to a different origin for the fauna,
and I am thereby induced to regard Nicaragua as comprised
within the Columbian Region of the distribution of land shells,
and not within that of Mexico.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 163

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF MARINE MOL-
LUSCA.

BY WESLEY NEWCOMB, M.D.

Mirra Wiiitamsi, Newe.—Plate 17, fig. 1.

M. testa elongato-ovata, crassa, undique transversim costata ;
inter costas sublente in longitudinem striata ; anfr. 6, subplanis ;
ultimo in longitudine reliquis zquali; apice obtusula; sutura
obscura impressa; columella subtorta indistincte quadriplicata ;
colore alba cum flammeus lineis irregulariter in longitudinem

Long. ‘6 pol. ; lat. -2 pol. ; long. aper. °3 pol.; lat. aper. :05
Hab.—Philippine Islands. ?

Shell elongately ovate, thick, wholly transversely costate,
under the lens longitudinally striate between the ribs ; whorls 6,
flattish, the last equal to the rest in length; apex somewhat
obtuse ; suture slightly impressed; columella scarcely twisted,
with 4 plications, the last indistinct. Color white with orange
flammules arranged longitudinally.

Remarks.—This little shell collected by Captain Saml. J. Mas-
ters at the Philippines or at Guam, has been submitted to the
critical eye of Mr. Cuming, who pronounced it new; and not
being able to find it in any of the great Huropean collections, I
have, after a delay of some 12 years, decided to describe it :—I
take pleasure in attaching the name of Prof. Williams, of Ithaca,
to this beautiful species.

MopioLa Peaser, Newce.—Plate 17, figure 2.

M. testa tenui, polita, luteo albida, tenuissime striata; parte
postera cum lineis et fasciculis fuscis inosculatisque picta; intus
margaritacea-alba.

Long. 8-10 pol.; lat. 4-10 pol.

164 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Shell thin, polished, yellowish-white, finely striated ; posterior
portion with brown lines in bundles crossing and connecting
with each other.

Hab.—Sandwich Islands, dredged in 12 fathoms, outer har-
bor of Honolulu.

This is one of the most beautiful species of the Genus Modiola of
Lam. The peculiar color and fine brown markings are sufficient
characteristics of the species, which otherwise is most simple in
its characters. Only a solitary specimen was dredged in the
outer harbor of Honolulu, and I take pleasure in attaching to it
the name of one of our most industrious and enterprising living
naturalists.

Proto CoRNELLIANA, Newe.—Plate 17, figure 3.

P. testa elongata, solida, alba, nitida, sublente longitudin-
aliter costata et transversim subtiliter striata; apice sinister ;
anfr. octo, orbiculatis, quarto et septimo cum obscura varice ;
sutura fere transversa sub-profunda, lata, et obscure dentata;
apertura rotunde ovata; labro crasso et obscure bilabiato.

Long. 4-10 pol.; Lat. 1-10 pol. ; apertura 1-20 pol.

Shell elongate, solid, white, shining, under the lens longi-
tudinally ribbed and very finely transversely striate; apex sin-
istral ; whorls 8, rounded, the 4th and 7th with an obscure varix;
suture nearly transverse, wide, rather deep and obscurely den-
tate; aperture entire, roundly ovate; lip thickened and indis-
tinctly bilabiate.

Remarks.—The genus Proto was made in 1824, by Defrance,
for the reception of a species (P. Maraschini,) with claims more
decided, so far as the shell is concerned, than hundreds of the re-
cently manufactured artificial Genera which encumber our pre-
sent nomenclature. Its “restoration,” or re-union with Turri-
tella, as declared by Chenu, is not fortunate, for its affinities
are much nearer Chemnitzia (Turbonilla) than to Turritella.
I have taken the liberty of attaching the name of Mr. Cornell
to this beautiful species, which was dredged in twelve fathoms
of water outside the reef near Honolulu, Sandwich Islands.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 165

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW AMERICAN HELIX.

BY WESLEY NEWCOMB, M. D.

Hetix Hempuitiit, Newe.—Plate 17, fig. 4.

H. testa sub-lenticulare, late umbilicata, tenuiuscula, corneo-
albida cum fuscis lineis obscuris picta, transversim rugoso-
striata, apice obtusa ; anfr. 5, supra convexa vel planulati, ulti-
mus acute carinatus vel bicarinatus, descendens, basi convexus
et in longitudinem tenuissime striatus ; umbilico profundo per-
spectivo ; peristoma simplex ; apertura diagonalis, fere rotunda.

Juniores—acute carinate, basi perconvexee, omnino hirsutze
cum brevissimis setis.

Diam. major (adulta) -625 pol. ; diam. minor °55 pol. ; altitude
‘40 pol.

Shell nearly lens shaped, widely umbilicate, thinish; white
horn color masked with obscure brownish lines (or without),
transversely roughly striated, with an obtuse apex, Whorls five,
either convex or flattened above, the last one acutely carinate,
or bicarinate, descending in front, base convex with fine longi-
tudinal striz; umbilicus deep and perspective; lip simple ;
aperture diagonal, nearly round.

Hab. White Pine Mining District, at an altitude of 8000
feet.

The above, collected by Henry Hemphill, Esqr., bears some
analogy to H. strigosa, Gould, and to H. Cooperi, Bland, but is
readily distinguished from either of those species. The hirsute
character of the young shell, the larger size and more compressed
form, distinguish it from Cooperi ; its strong carination, flattened
form and less size, together with the variation in the young,
separate it from strigosa.

166 AMERICAN JOURNAL

CATALOGUE OF THE SHELLS OF THE COOSA RIVER,
ALABAMA.

BY JAMES LEWIS, M.D.

Among the Rivers of the United States noted for the number
of species of Mollusca that inhabit them, the Coosa River, in
Alabama, may be considered first. The following list of species
was compiled from various sources ; principal among them may
be mentioned the ‘‘ Observations’’ of Mr. Isaac Lea, in which
will be found descriptions and figures of by far the greater part
of the species. Much aid has also been derived from specimens
furnished by Dr. EH. R. Showalter, of Uniontown, Ala., who has
also kindly furnished much valuable information. The manu-
script has also been submitted to the criticism of Dr. W. D.
Hartman, of West Chester, Pa., and to Mr. Chas. M. Wheatley,
of Phoenixville, who have likewise offered valuable suggestions.

The nomenclature of the Unionide in the following tables
is that adopted by Mr. Isaac Lea; that of the Strepomatide,
with a few trifling deviations, will be found in accordance with
the synonymy of this family as given by Mr. G. W. Tryon, Jr.
It is possible that some known species have been either inad-
vertently omitted or unjustly excluded by reasons of erroneous
views of synonymy ; and on the other hand it is probable that the
number of species, when carefully studied, will be found to
be really less than the tables indicate, as there are very urgent
reasons for suspecting that many of the nominal species are
really only varieties. But the subject is beset with too many
difficulties to warrant any attempt to reduce synonymy in con-
nection with this compilation.

SS: CRI Stites Gee BS et

OF CONCHOLOGY.

UNIO, Brug.

U. acutissimus, Lea.
“ arctatus, Lea.

‘¢ asperatus, Lea.

“ atro-costatus, Lea.
“© Blandianus, Lea.
“« Boykinianus, Lea.

cornutus, Barnes.
‘ decisus, Lea.
‘decumbens, Lea.

. “ dolosus, Lea.
. “ excavatus, Lea.
. * fibuloides, Lea.

germanus, Lea.
glandaceus, Lea.

Hartmanii, Lea.
interventus, Lea.

. “ Johannis, Lea.
"Tens, Lea:

. © Lewisii, Lea.

. “ medius, Lea.

. * metanever, Raf.

“ metastriatus, Lea.
nucleopsis, Con.

. “ ornatus, Lea.

. * parvulus, Lea.

. pauperculus, Lea.
. penitus, Con.

. “ perovalis, Con.

? perplicatus, Con.*

. * plancus, Lea.

porphyreus, Lea.
pulvinulus, Lea.
pustulosus, Lea.

. “ pyramidatus, Lea.
. “ rubidus, Lea.

. © Showalterii, Lea.
. “ stabilis, Lea.

. <* trinaeris..2ea-

41.
42,

‘¢ unicolor, Lea.
“ verus, Lea.

*Possibly atro-costatus, Lea.
* The genera of the Univalves are alphabetically arranged.

consanguineus, Lea.

Foremanianus, Lea.

167

MARGARITANA, Schum.

43. M. Holstonia, Lea.

ANODONTA, Lam.
44, A. Showalterii, Lea.

ANCULOSA, Say.*

45. A.
46. “
Asia, S$
48. “
oo ie
oie.
oe
oa: .°
gone.

ampla, Ath.
contorta, Lea.

? Downiei, Lea.
ligata, Anth.
rubiginosa, Lea.
Showalterii, Lea.
teeniolata, Con.
vittata, Lea.
zebra, Anth.

ACROLOXUS, Beck.

54. A. filosus, Con.

ANCYLUS, Geoffroy.
55. A. elatior, Anth.

EURYCCLON, Lea.

56. E. midas, Lea.
57. “* nubila, Lea.

GONIOBASIS, Lea.

58. G.
5s Aare
OG."
ol
Oza "™
63.
Gla
65.

eequa, Lea.

ampla, Anth.
arctata, Lea.

bellula, Lea.
Binneyana, Lea.
bullula, Lea.
calculoides, Lea.
* capillaris, Lea.
carneola, Anth.
clausa, Lea.
Coosaensis, Lea.
crenatella, Lea.

Alabamensis, Lea.

auriculzformis, Lea.

168 AMERICAN JOURNAL

72. G. crepera, Lea. 117. G. variata, Lea.
lack culta, Led. 118. “ Vauxiana, Lea.
74. “ decorata, Anth. 119. “ virgulata, Lea.

75. * ellipsoides, Lea. 120. “ Wheatleyi, Lea.
76. ‘ elliptica, Lea.

17. “ expansa, Lea. LIOPLAX, Troschel.
if " aa 121. L.cyclostomatiformis, Lea.
80. ‘* fascinans, Lea.

Bios game Ter LIP ASL A Haldeman.
82. “ furva, Lea. 122. L. brevis, Lea.

83. “ Gerhardtii, Lea. 123. “ cylindracea, Lea.
84. “ glandaria, Lea. 124. “ fusiformis, Lea.
85. ‘* gratiosa, Lea. 125. “ nuclea, Lea.

86. “ harpa, Lea. 126. “ vittata, Lea.

87. “ Haysiana, Lea. 127. ‘“* Wheatleyi, Lea.
88. ‘ impressa, Lea. :
89. “ lata, Jay. MELANTHO, Bowditch.
90.“ Lewisii, Lea. 128. M. ponderosa, Say.
91. “ luteola, Lea.

92. i mellea, Lea. NERITELLA, Humphrey.
ee ae 129. N. Showalterii, Lea.
95. *“ osculata, Lea.

96. “ ovalis, Lea. SCHIZOSTOMA, Lea.
97. “ pergrata, Lea. 130. s. Alabamense, Lea.
98. “ perstriata, Lea. 131. “ amplum, Anth.

99. “ propria, Lea. 132. “ Anthonyi, Reeve.
100. ‘ pudica, Lea. 133. “ Babylonicum, Lea.
101. “ punicea, Lea. 134. “ Buddii, Lea.

102. “ pupeformis, Lea. 135. ‘ bulbosum, Anth.
103. “ quadricinata, Lea. 136. “ cariniferum, Anth.
104. “ quadrivittata, Lea. 137. “ castaneum, Lea.
105. “ rara, Lea. 138. “ constrictum, Lea.
HOG. * rubicunda, Lea. 139. “ demissum, Anth.
107. ‘* Shelbyensis, Lea. 140. “ ellipticum, Lea.
108. ** Showalteri, Lea. 141. “ excisum, Lea.
109. “ solidula, Lea. 142. “ glandulum, Lea.
110. “ spurca, ‘Lea. 148. “ glans, Lea.

111. “ straminea, Lea. 144, « globosum, Anth.
as > teeta, bee 145. “ incisum, Lea.

113. “ tenera, Anth. Aga’ ikem Lea.

114. “ tenebro-vittata, Lea. | 147. “ Lewisii, Fee
115. “ Vanuxemensis, Lea.
116. “ varians, Lea. *Manuscript.

148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.

OF CONCHOLOGY.

. nuculum, Anth.

pagoda, Lea.
pumilum, Lea.
salebrosum, Anth.
Showalterii, Lea.
sphzricum, Anth.

Wetumpkaense, Lea.

Wheatleyi, Lea.

SOMATOGYRUS, Gill.
156. 8.

? species.

STREPHOBASIS, Lea.
157. S. pumilum, Lea.

TRYPANOSTOMA, Lea.
158. T.

159.
160.
161.
162.
163.

annulifera, Con.
Brumbyi, Lea.
canaliculatum, Say.
canalitum, Lea.

Chackasahense, Lea.

Christyi, Lea.

164.
165.
166.
LGW. 4
168.
£69:
E70.
yal
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
at
TS:
LES,
180.

ai

66

169
Conradii, Tryon.
Currierianum, Lea.
cylindraceum, Lea.
dignum, Lea.
excurvatum, Con.
filum, Lea.
Foremanii, Lea.
gracilis, Lea.
Hartmanii, Lea.
incurvum, Lea.
prasinatum, Con.
Roanensis, Lea.
Showalterii, Lea.
Troostii, Lea.
Tuomeyi, Lea.
validum, Anth.
viridula, Lea.

TULOTOMA, Haldeman.
181. T. bimonilifera, Lea.

VIVIPARA, Lamarck.
182. V. Coosaensis, Lea.

170 AMERICAN JOURNAL

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF MARINE BIVALVE
MOLLUSCA IN THE COLLECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF
NATURAL SCIENCES.

BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR.

PHOLADIDA.

1. CYRTOPLEURA EXILIS, Tryon.—Plate 14, fig. 2.

Description.—Shell long and narrow, covered with numerous
scabrous radiating ribs, except a narrow surface parallel with
the posterior dorsal margin which is smooth. Widely gaping
anteriorly, acuminate posteriorly. Dorsal lamina ?

Length 10, width 30 mill.
Hab.—Ins. St. Croix, West Indies.

Remarks.—This species, collected and presented to the Acad-
emy by the late Dr. R. E. Griffith, has heretofore been con-
founded in our collection with C. crucigera, Sowerby, a Panama
species ; it is, however, smaller and narrower, and belongs, it
will be perceived, to a different fauna.

MACTRIDA.

2. Mactra GAssi, Tryon.—Plate 16, fig. T.

Description.—Shell oval, nearly equilateral, thin, depressed,
beaks narrow, not prominent, with a slight raised line radiating
to the margin, smooth, light corneous.

Length 31, width 40 mill.
Hab.—ULower California. Wm. M. Gabb.

Remarks.—This species I cannot approximate closely to any
other in the genus; its equilateral regularly oval form, small
umboes and thin texture will serve to distinguish it. Two speci-
mens are in our collection.

OF CONCHOLOGY. Pig e!

3. LuTRARIA costTaTa, Tryon.—Plate 16, fig. 6.

Description.—Shell elongately ovate, rather arcuate, middle
surface compressed, broadly rounded at the end margins, irreg-
ularly concentrically ribbed, thin, white.

Length 27, width 52 mill.

Hab.—Senegal.—Dr. R. HE. Griffith.

Remarks.—This shell is most nearly allied to LZ. impar, Des-
hayes, from Australia, which has the same concentric wrinkles

or ribs, more prominent at the ends, but that species is wider
and the ends are truncately squared.

TELLINID.
4, HIATULA NITENS, Tryon.—Plate 16, fig. 9.

Description.—Shell ovately transverse, somewhat inequila-
teral, convexly flattened over the umboes, sides and ventral
margin well rounded, thin, purple, with a very thin shining horn-
colored epidermis, purple within.

Length 26, width 50 mill.

Hab.—New Zealand.—Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Remarks.—We possess a single specimen of this beautiful
species. It has some of the characteristics of H. nitida, Gray,
from the same locality, but is more swollen, and is not angled
and acuminated posteriorly.

5. SANGUINOLARIA RoBertsil, Tryon.—Plate 16, fig. 8.

Description.—Shell ovately transverse, rather thin, swollen,
impressed flexuously from the umboes to the posterior ventral
margin; beaks prominent, narrow. White, tinged with delicate
rose color under an extremely thin, fugatious horn-colored
epidermis.

Length 24, width 37 mill.

Hab —Philippines.

Remarks.—This species is nearly related to 8. sangucnolenta,
of the West Indies, but is smaller, more delicate and more con-
vex.

PECTINIDA.

6. PecTEN RUSCHENBERGERI, Tryon.—Plate 14, fig. 1.

Description.—Shell suborbicular, somewhat inequilateral,

pg. AMERICAN JOURNAL

rather thin and compressed, beaks very narrow and pointed, not.
prominent. Surface covered with about thirty not very proml-
nent rounded ribs from which spring sharply-vaulted scales, a
smaller smooth rib between each pair of scaly ribs, and occa-
sionally separated from them by one or two raised lines. Color
uniform brownish red.

Length 77, width 72 mill.
Hab.—Bay of Muscat.—Dr.W. S.W. Ruschenberger, U.S.N.

Remarks.—This very fine species belongs to a group em-
bracing P. asperrimus, Lam., P. prunum, Reeve, ete. ; it is dis-
tinguished from all of them by the pattern of its ribbing. I take
great pleasure in dedicating this species to the presiding officer
of the Conchological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
in recognition of the intelligent zeal with which he has, through
a long series of years, labored to augment our collections.

OF CONCHOLOGY. Te

NOTICES AND REVIEWS

OF

NEW CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS.

BY GEO. W. TRYON, JR.

I.—AMERICAN.

Land and Fresh Water Shells of North America. Parr 1. Pul-
monata Geophila. By Wm. G. Binnny and Tuomas Buanp. 8vo.,
316 pp. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., February, 1869.

This work is in many respects a decided improvement on the
former volumes of the series, prepared by Mr. Binney for the

Smithsonian Institution. The descriptions are full and accurate,

and the wood-cut illustrations, numbering over 500, are entitled

to the strongest commendation. The gravest objection which
can be urged against the book is that Mr. Binney’s well-known

(and in many cases commendable) conservatism having induced

him to place in the synonymy of the older species many of those

recently described, instead of quoting in such cases the de-
scriptions, and giving figures of such supposed synonyms, as in
his former works, he has omitted both, thus compelling most of
his readers to accept his decisions as final, because no opportu-
nity is afforded for the exercise of individual judgment. I must
also protest against the practice of many authors to write spe-
cific names, complimentary to individuals, with small initial let-

ters, when those who gave the names used capitals: thus I

object to being quoted for Succinea greerit, because I wrote it

Greer. If Mr. Binney thinks the use of the small initial

174 AMERICAN JOURNAL

more correct and more elegant, let him use it by all means, and
however his readers may be shocked upon reading, for instance,
Sue. hayden, W. G. B., they will not hesitate to concede his
right to print it so if he pleases. But I submit that an author
has no more right to alter the fashion of my specific name to
suit his own taste than he has to dictate to me the style or
fashion of coat that I shall wear. There is no “law’’ or “rule’’
on this subject to sanction Mr. Binney’s proceeding. Such a
“rule’’ was promulgated some years since, but found so few ad-
herents that it has always been an eaception ; and the last Com-
mittee of the British Association very wisely and graciously
granted to authors the privilege of doing as they please in the
matter—for which we ought to be grateful. I now give warning
to Mr. Binney, as well as all others, that I will not recognize
any specific names thus altered, and I emphatically deny that I
ever described such a species as the one I have quoted from Mr.
Binney for illustration. That species can only be quoted as
Suc. greerit, W. G. Binney.

It is unnecessary to criticise at length the genera, species and
synonymy of Mr. Binney’s work, because my views are fully
expressed in my “‘ Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca of the
United States,” published in the American Journal of Con-
chology, and also separately.

Mr. Binney is in error in quoting Helix Cronkheitet as a
synonym of striatella, ‘‘from the description alone.’’ Such a
course 1s dangerous at all times, and doubly so when the species
are so minute. The former is very different.

The figures of Helix reticulata and H. Bridgesit, intended by
the author to prove that those two species are identical, will
scarcely convince any one that such is the fact.

The shell figured by Mr. Binney as Helix Carpenteri, New-
comb, appears to be a fair representation of that species, but it
is not specifically the same as my Helix Remondi. Dr. New-
comb admits the two to be distinct. The shells collected by
Prof. Gabb, in Lower California, are H. Remondi, and not
Carpenteri.

To the description of Bulimulus pilula should have been
added that the periphery is sometimes encircled by a brown
band.

A very valuable feature in Mr. Binney’s work is the large
number of figures of jaws and lingual dentition, those of nearly
all the species being original to this work. The study of den-
tition has at length so far advanced as to cause many, even of
those who at first supposed it would furnish us with an infallible
classification, to waver in their faith. I never had much faith in

OF CONCHOLOGY. 175

it, and Mr. Binney’s figures assist my conviction that, as a basis
of classification, it is utterly unreliable.

The book is a very valuable contribution to the study of
American Conchology, and cannot fail to enjoy a wide circula-
tion and enviable reputation among students. No working
naturalist can conveniently dispense with it, and I particularly
commend it to those who possess my own work on the same sub-
ject, in order that they may become acquainted with the views of
a gentleman who has made the study of our terrestrial species a
specialty, and whose decisions, differing in so many cases from
my own, are, at least, entitled to the most careful consideration.

List of the Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Michigan, especially of
Kent and adjoining Counties. By A. O. Currier, Grand Rapids,
Mich., 1868.

The locality furnishing the collections catalogued above is one
of the most prolific in the United States in specific forms of ter-
restrial and fluviatile Mollusca, and, accordingly, we find that our
correspondent has been able to make a list numbering nearly
two hundred species.

American Journal of Science and Arts. March, 1869.
Are Unios sensible to light? By C. A. WHITE.

Same Journal. May, 1869.
Are Unios sensible to light? By Isaac Lea.

American Naturalist. Vol. ili., No.5. July, 1869. Salem, Mass.

Notes on the Argonaut. By W. H. Datu.

The Haliotis, or Pearly Ear-Shell. By R. HE. C. Stearns.
A Chapter on Cuttle Fishes. By Lucie L. Harrr.
Shell-Dredging. By Epwarp 8. Morse.

This is decidedly a jubilee number of the Naturalist to those
of its readers having conchological tastes. The three last papers
are well illustrated.

First Annual Report of the Trustees of the Peabody Academy of
Science. Salem, Mass., 1869.

Report on the Mollusca. By HE. 8. Morss, Curator.
Actinobolus Novanglie, Morse. Massachusetts.

176 AMERICAN JOURNAL

II.—FOREIGN.

BRITISH.

Report of the Thirty-fifth Meeting of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science. Held at Birmingham, in September, 1865.
London, 1866.

Report on Dredging among the Channel Islands. By
J. GWYN JEFFREYS.

Accompanying this paper is a list of eighty-one species of
Mollusca found in the Channel Isles, but not extending north-
ward to Shetland, and of fourteen species whose northern limit
seems to be these islands.

Report on the Cultivation of Oysters by Natural and Arti-
ficial Methods. By FRANK BUCKLAND.
Report of the Committee appointed to explore the Marine

Fauna and Flora of the South Coast of Devon and
Cornwall. No. 1.

Report on Dreding the Coast of Aberdeenshire. By Rev.
WALTER GREGOR and Ropert Dawson.

On the scope of Conchological Inquiries ; on the Classifi-
cation of the Mollusca ; on the Zoological Affinities of
the Mollusca. By O, A. L. Morcu.

Report of the Thirty-sixth Meeting of the British Association for
the Advancement of Science. Nottingham Meeting, (1866.)

Report on Dredging among the Hebrides. By J. Gwyn
JEFFREYS.

Montacuta tumidula, Jeffreys, nov. sp.
Notices of some Invertebrata, in connection with the Re-

port of Mr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys on Dredging among the
Hebrides. By JosHua ALDER.

On Oyster cultivation. By F. BucKLAND.

Report of the Thirty-seventh Meeting of the British Association for
the Advancement of Science. Dundee, (1867.)
Report of the Committee appointed to explore the Marine
Fauna and Flora of the South Coast of Devon and
Cornwall. No. 2.

OF CONCHOLOGY. pi)

Fourth Report on Dredging among the Shetland Isles.
By J. Gwyn JEFFREYS.

Dr. James C. Cox’s Exchange List of Land and Marine Shells from
Australia and the adjacent Islands. 81 pp., 12 mo. Sydney, N.
S. W. 1868.

This extensive and useful catalogue contains—

Species of Marine Mollusca found in Port Jackson Harbor,
UNS W., Cbc.

List of Land and Fresh Water Shells of New Caledonia.

List of Land Shells from the South Sea Islands.

Species of Auriculacea found on the Australian Coasts and
South Sea Islands.

List of Land Sheils of New Zealand.

List of Australian Land Shells.

. List of Australian Volutide.

=

eso be

WUD

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 4th Series. Vol. ii, No.
12. London, December, 1868.

Description of Fairbankia bombayana, a new genus and
species of Rissoide, from Western India. By Wm. T.
BLANFORD.

On the Habits of the Volutes. By Dr. R. O. Cunnine-
HAM.

‘“‘In the April number of the ‘ Annals and Magazine of Nat-
ural History,’ which I received not long since, I find at p. 310
a note by you on the habits of Volutes, in which you remark
that they are rarely collected with their animals, except when
they are accidentally thrown ashore after a storm, and that this
is owing to their sand-burrowing propensities. This I have
found to be the case as regards the species of the genus inhabi-
ting the Strait of Magellan. During the first season I spent in
that region, I only succeeded in obtaining two live specimens
of Voluta magellanica, till the occurrence of a violent easterly
gale caused numbers to be thrown on the beach in the neighbor-
hood of the Chilian settlement at Punta Arena. That they only
existed in comparatively shallow water I considered sufficiently
proved by the fact that I never succeeded in dredging any,
though they were evidently far from rare, judging from the num-
bers of dead shells to be picked up in most localities in the east-
ern part of the Strait. I obtained a second species of Volute,
of which there is no specimen in the collection of Magellanic
shells in the Museum at Santiago, at low water at Cape Posses-

178 AMERICAN JOURNAL

sion in January, 1867. I found it burrowing iv considerable
numbers in the fine sand of the beach ; and a few occurred upon
clusters of live Mytili attached to stones, and, I believe, were
. feeding on them after the fashion of our Purpura lapillus, though
I could not be certain of the fact. The body of the animal in
this species, which was of a most beautiful color, was always very
much extended from the shell, and the foot was of enormous
size. The animal of Voluta magellanica is also purple, but of a
much paler tint than that of the other volute. I regret I was
unable to make drawings of the animals while alive; but nu-
merous specimens of both species were included in the collection
of marine animals in spirit which I sent to the British Museum
last year.”

A mature Shell of Cypreea fusco-dentata, Gray. By F.
P. Marrat.

“‘Mr. R. Keen, of Edge Lane, Liverpool, has recently pro-
cured a very interesting series of this shell, numbering nine or
ten varieties ; they fully exhibit the different stages of growth,
from the earlier states to the finely colored adult individual.
The question formerly advanced, of this being a ribbed species
resembling Cypraea Capensis, Gray, is now completely and defi-
nitely settled. All the specimens hitherto obtained of this rare
shell have been either young or decorticated; and it would ap-
pear that the species is extremely rare in a perfect state. This
series includes the first and only example known to be so.

“The shell is a very fine one, measuring 1,% inch, with the
teeth fully developed. The color is dirty drab, similar to the
shells usually figured ; but the back is covered with rufous-brown
close spots like those on Cyp. errones, Linn., and nearly as
glossy, but has them larger, more confluent, and more suffused.
The slightly raised ribs, usually seen in young examples, are not
entirely obliterated by having the extra coat of enamel deposited
over them.”’

On Capillary Vascular Systems in the Gasteropoda. By
Prog. C. WEDL.

Fourth Series. Vol. iii, No.14. February, 1869.

On the Homologies of the Dental Plates and Teeth’ of ~

Proboscidiferous Gasteropoda. By J. D. McDonatp,
M. D.

No. 15. March, 1869.

On the Animal and Operculum of Greorissa, and on its
relations to Hydrocena; with a Note on Hydrocena

OF CONCHOLOGY. 179

tersa, Bens., and H. milium, Bens. By Ww. T.
BLANFORD.

On the Species of Venertde found in Japan. By ARTHUR
ADAMS.
Dosinia gibba, A. Ad.

I do not believe that Gemma gemma, Totten, is found in Ja-
pan. Mr. Adams has probably mistaken an undescribed allied
species for it.

Nudibranchs in Fresh Water. By J. HE. Gray.

Mr. Kent described, at the last meeting of the Zoological So-
ciety, a new Wudibranch under the name of Hmbletonia Grayii,
discovered in the Victoria Docks at Rotherhithe. When I men-
tioned the circumstance to Dr. Mobius, at Kiel, he observed :

“Tt was very interesting to me to find that a mollusk of the
family Aolidide had been discovered in brackish water near
London Bridge. In the Baltic Sea, Hmbletonia pallida extends
as far as East Prussia, near Konigsberg, where the water has
only 7 of salt in 1000. In like manner, Protolimax capitatus
(= Limapontia nigra) endures almost fresh water at Bornholm
and Gothland, in the Baltic.”

Mr. Kent informs me that Hmbletonia Grayit is nearly allied
to EL. pallida, and it has been found in company with Daphnia,
Floscularia, and many other fresh water Hntomostraca and

Rotifera.
No. 16. April, 1869.
Lamarek’s Collection of Shells (Notice of). By Dr. J.
HE. Gray.
No. 17. May, 1869.

Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells. By
Wo. T. BLANFORD. ;

1. On the Lingual Ribbon of Realia (Omphatotropis).
2. On Cyclotopsis.

3. On the Genus Cremnoconchus (olim Cremnobates).
4. On the Alyceine and Diplommatinine.

Notes on some recent Mediterranean species of Brachio-
poda. By Tuomas Davipson.

In this paper Risso’s species are determined from the exami-
nation of the types in his collection. Prof. O. G. Costa’s genus
Platidia has three months priority over Morrista, Davidson.

Are Unios Sensitive to Light 2? By C. A. WuiTE. (From

Silliman’s Journal.)

180 AMERICAN JOURNAL

British Conchology, or an Account of the Mollusca which now
inhabit the British Isles and the surrounding seas. By J. Gwyn
JErFreys. Vol.iv. Marine Shells, in continuation of the Gasteropoda
(from Rissoa) as far as the Bulla family. 8 vo. 490 pp. 9 pl. London,
1867.

This latest and best of the British Conchological manuals is
drawing to its conclusion; another volume (5th) will complete it
and furnish the colored illustrations of all the species described.
Like Weinkauff’s Mollusca of the Mediterranean Sea, and
Brot’s Melanide, Mr. Jeffreys’ work is a monument of the learn-
ing, accuracy, and exhaustive research distinguishing the best of
the present generation of conchologists. The work is, of course,
indispensable to all public and private libraries.

Aporrhais Macandree, Jeffreys, is proposed instead of A.
pes-carbonis, F. & H., the species being different from the fossil
species described under the Jatter name by Brongniart.

Cerithiopsis Barleet, n. sp.

Buccinopsis, n. gen. Type Buccinum Dalei, J. Sowerby.
Nassa nitida, Jeffreys, n. sp.

Columbella Haliceeti, n. Sp.

Utriculus ventrosus is proposed in place of U. globosa, the
latter name being preoccupied by Loven.

Philine angulata, Jeffreys, BSD
ee nitida,

British Conchology, or an Account of the Mollusca which now
inhabit the British Isles and the surrounding seas. Vol. v.
Marine Shells, Supplement and Plates. By Joun Gwyn Jerrreys. 12mo.
360 pp. and 103 lithographic plates. London, 1869.

It is impossible to do justice to the merits of this great work
within the time and limits at my disposal. Never before has
the molluscous fauna of any country been treated so learnedly
and so thoroughly, and yet one knows not which most to admire,
the vast knowledge displayed in its pages or the simple, unob-
trusive manner in which it is conveyed in words suitable to the
thorough comprehension of all classes of readers. I cannot
even take the time to advert to many changes of nomenclature
of genera and species here adopted. I may mention, however,
that Mr. Jeffreys adopts the Auricula bidentata of Montagu
into the genus Melampus, and thus preoccupies Say’s name for
the American species, which, he says, must receive the name
given to it by Deshayes in 1830—M. corneus ; but the fact is,
that the two species do not belong to the same genus.

Odostomia Warrent, Thompson, previously quoted as a variety
of O. obliqua, is now described as a new species.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 181

The illustrations of all the species by Sowerby are generally
very life-like, although not finely executed.

There is no doubt that the publication of this work will be as
great a success pecuniarily to its liberal publishers as it is scien-
tifically to its author.

A Manual of the Mollusca: A Treatise of Recent and Fossil
Shells. By Dr. S. P. Woopwarp. Second edition. With an appen-
dix of Recent and Fossil Conchological Discoveries to the Present Time.
By Ratpo Tate. 12mo. 518 pp. and 85 pp., and 24 plates. London,
1868.

A new edition of this, the most valuable of the smaller works
on the classification of shells, was much wanted, and Mr. Tate
has supplied the want in a manner that, on the whole, may be
considered satisfactory. It is, perhaps, expecting too much to
ask for entire accuracy in a work of this character, and, accord-
ingly, we find some errors in the arrangement of the genera,
occurring in the United States and its coasts. It is scarcely
worth while to particularize these errors and omissions, however,
as they are not of great importance. The work has been care-
fully prepared, and gives evidence of a large acquaintance with
the subject. It will receive a warm welcome from conchological
students.

Conchologia Iconica. By G. B. Sowersy. Parts 278, 279. London, April,
1869.
Tellina, plates 55—58, concluding the Monograph, which em-
braces 345 species, many of which are, however, only nominal.

T. Braziert, Sowb. Port Jackson.

“ Shanghensis, Sowb. Shanghai.
compressissima, “* Japan.

‘“* erasseplicata, ‘ Sandwich Isles.
““ semi-inflata, ec Loc?
semiaspera, Deshayes. Australia?
‘¢ parva, Sowb. Loc. ?

politissima, Sowb. Loc. ?

“ amphidesmoides, Sowb. Loe. ?
lenticularis, Sowb. Japan.

Atys. 5 plates, complete.

A. amygdala, Sowb. Loc.?
“ Guilding, “ St. Vincents.
““ attenuata, “ Loe?
“* poreellana, Guilding. Hab. ‘‘Kagosima, Western
States.” We have not yet annexed Japan.
13

182 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Hyria. .5 plates, complete.

Hf. exasparata, Sowb. British Guoyana.
“ latialata, a 4:
“© rugosissima, ‘* Amazon.

These are all synonymous with the well-known H. corrugata.
HT. recta, Sowerby. Hab.—

i alata. 7 Guayana.

These are both synonymous with H. avicularis.
Castalia, 3 plates, complete.

C. Schombergiana, Sowb. Guayana.

“* Hanleyana, Sowb. Hab.—

“ Carolinensis, Sowb. ‘South Carolina. But for the
localities, this little shell might be thought a young specimen of
Castalia retusa.’ I can assure Mr. Sowerby that if his species
was ever in South Carolina it was sent or brought there from
the Amazon; it is nothing but an ambigua.

cy

C’. quadrata, Sowerby. Hab.—?
‘“* cordata, Humphrey, MSS. Guayana.
‘* dolabella, Sowb. Hab.—?

Of all these so-called new species the first and last only are
in my opinion distinct.

Proceedings of the Zoological Society. Part 3. London, 1868.

On Pelagic Shells, collected during a voyage from Vancou-
vers Island to this country. By Commander Hue
H. Knocker.

Lanthina nitida, A. Ad.

This paper contains tables of latitude and longitude at which
the various species were collected.

ERRATUM.

In noticing the 2d part of Zool. Proc. for 1868, by one of
those errors which are more readily committed than accounted
for, I made Mr. Ponton to decide that Cymba patula, Brod., is
the young of (. Meptuni, whereas he stated the former to be dis-
tinct.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 183

FRENCH.

Catalogue des Mollusques Testaces des Mers d'Europe. By M. Pavir
DE LA SAUSSAYE. 8 vo., 312, pp. Paris, 1869.

This is an exceedingly valuable volume, and its author has
performed a good work in preparing and publishing it, for which
he will receive the thanks of his brother Conchologists not only
of Europe but throughout the world. Its principal contents are:

1. Complete list of authors cited.

2. Classification of Families and Genera.

3. Systematic Catalogue. This part of the book occupies 150
pages, and contains a list of 1150 species, with the synonyms
carefully worked out. The print is large, so that the names can be
cut out and used as labels if deemed desirable. The attachment of
numbers to the names I think would also have been desirable, as
it would have enabled those who prefer it to label their collec-
tions with corresponding numbers only.

4. Geographical Distribution, tabulated into Polar, Boreal,
British, Celtic, Lusitanian, Mediterranean and Algerian Zones
and Special Localities.

5. Notice of the exotic species cited as living in the Seas of
Europe.

6. Explanatory and critical notices of many of the European
Species.

7. Instruction to collectors of shells.

8. Republication of the Diagnoses of Shells published by
Requien in his Catalogue of the shells of Corsica.

Mollusques nouveaug, litigleux ou peu connus. By M. J. R. Bour-
GuieanAT. 1l0thliv. Paris, 1868. With 4 plates.

We have already noticed the species herein contained, in re-
viewing the ‘‘ Revue et Magasin de Zoologie,”’ where they were
first published.

Catalogue of the Shells and Crustaceans of Guadeloupe, sent to the
Universal Exposition of 1867 by the Administration of the Colony.
Determined by M A. Scuramm. 2d edition. 27 pp.8vo. Basse-Terre,
1869.

This catalogue of Mollusks is very complete, extending to
781 numbers.

184 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1869. Nos. 2—5. 8vo. Paris.

Catalogue des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles recueillis
dans le departement de la Vendée, etc. By M. Lerour-
NEUX.

Geomalacus Vendeanus, Helix Vendeanus.
Valvata Bourguignati.

Essai sur la Faune Malacologique de Belgique, ou Catalogue des
Mollusques qui trouvent dans ce pays. By F. pm Mauzine. Brus-
sels, 1869. 8vo, 98 pp. 3 col’d plates.

This work includes the enumeration of the land, fresh-water
and marine’‘species of Belgium, with their synonymy. ‘The fol-
lowing are described as new:

Pisidium minimum, Helix Villersit,

Unio Lambottet, Limnea pseudostagnatis,
Unio Ryckholtii, me linearis,

Unio Robianoi, Cardium Belgicum,
Succinea Colbeauiana, Limax niger.

Journal de Conchyliologie. 3d Ser. IX, No. 3, July, 1869, Paris. 112
pp. and 4 plates.

Anatomie del Anostome. By Dr. P. FIscHer.

Note sur le ruban lingual du Gonospira palanga, Lesson.
By H. Crosse and P. Fiscuer.

Gonospira, N. G., type Pupa palanga.

Sur la Famille des Cardiade. By THomas GRAHAM Pon.
TON.

With list of species arranged under the modern genera.
Note sur le Mitra Desetangsti, Kiener. By E. LizNarp.

Description @un Dolium Mediterranéen noweau. By T.
ALLERY DE MONTEROSATO.

Gastéropodes nouveaua de l Adriatique. By SPIRIDIONE

BRUSINA,
Nassa encaustica, Eulima Staliol,
Mangelia Stosiciana, “¢ Petitiana,
Odostomia intermedia, ‘¢ microstoma,
i turbonilloides, Letostraca Jeffreysiana,
es monozona, Scalaria Kuzmiet,
# Nardot, Setia ochroleuca,

ok Erjaveciana, Brochina Chierghiniana.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 185
Diagnoses Molluscorum novorum reipublica Mexicane et
Americe centralis. By H. Crosse and P. FIscHEr.
Glandina guttata, Helicina Bocourtt.

Description de plusieurs Hélices inédites, de France et d Es-
pagne, suivie ad observations et de rectifications concernant
deux autres especes. By P. RamBur, M. D.

These species were all described in the Journal de Conch.
1868.

Diagnose dun Bulime inédit de la Nouvelle Calédonie. By
H. Crossz and Dr. SouvERBIE.

Bul. Bondeensis.

Diagnoses Molluscorum Nove Caledonie incolarum. By
Dr. SouUVERBIE.

Bulimus submariet, Bul. Mariei, Crosse.

Description d’espeéces nouvelles de la Méditerranée. By T.
ALLERY DE MoNTEROSATO.

Homalogyra Fischeriana, Cerithium Benottianum.
Helix Doderleiniana.

Diagnose Mune espéece nouvelle de Voluta. By H. Crosse.
Voluta Hamillet. Solomon’s Islands.

Description d espéces inédites provenant de la Nouvelle Cale-
done. By H. Crosses.

Turbinella Mariei, Melanopsis Mariet.
Melanopsis Dumbeensis.

Description de Coquilles fossiles des terrains tertiares supéri-
eures (continued). By C. Maynr.

Description de Coquilles fossiles des terrains tertiares inféri-
eurs (continued). By C. Mayer.

Bibliographie. By H. Crosse.

GERMAN.

Malakozoologische Blatter. Conducted by Dr. Louis Pruirrer. Vol.
14, 240 pp. 3 plates. Cassel, 1867.

Ueber die neueren systematischen Anordnungen der Helica-
ceen. By Dr. L. PFEIFFER.

Ueberblick der Najaden des Indischen Archipels. By Dr.
Epw. von MARTENS.
13*

186 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Anodonta exilis, Lea. A. polita, Mouss., and A. séliqua,
Kiister, are made synonyms.
A. purpurea, Val. A. Burroughiana, subcrassa, tenuis, crepera,
and gracilis, and Unio Bengalensis, Lea, and Unio verecundus,
Gould, are made synonyms. I do not agree to this wholesale
synonomy, by any means. The author thinks it not unlikely
that U. Bengalensis is from the Philippine Islands rather than
from Bengal, but I can assure him that the specimens in our col-
lections are from Bengal.
Pseudodon Vondembuschiana, Lea, A. Zollingeri, Mousson,
and Monocond. Cumingi, Lea, are considered synonyms.
Pseud. crispata, Mousson, Monocond. planulata, Lea, and M.
fragilis, Kiister, are made synonyms.
U. superbus, Lea. U. macropterus, Dunker, is made a syno-
nym.

U. caudiculatus, nov. sp. Borneo.
U. cucumoides, Lea. U. Cumingianus, Dunker (non Lea), is
a synonym.
Ueber einige Muscheln des oberen Nilgebietes. By Dr. Ep.
von MARTENS.
Unio Abyssinieus, Martens. Abyssinia.
Unio tricolor, Kiister ? ie

Kritische Uebersicht aller Arten der zur Gattung Venus
gehirenden Untergattung Cryptogramma. By Dr. Epw.
R6MEx.

Kritische Uebersicht aller zum sub-genus Chione gehorenden
Arten von Venus. By Dr. Epw. Romer.

'wo valuable papers, in which the species are carefully studied,
the synonymy worked out and diagnoses corrected.

Neuer Bulimus. By E,. von Martens.
B. involutus, Martens. Brazil.
Line neue Helix. By Dr. Louts Preirrer.
HI. revoluta, Pfr. Andaman Islands.

Descriptio brevis molluscorum quorundam terrestrium, a ela-
ressimo viro Antonio Raimendii Perwvia lectorum. By
R. A. PHILIppt, with appendix by Dr. Louis PFErFFEr.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 187

Helix Raimondi, Bulimus ignobilis,
‘“ Huanueensis, Chenu,
“* pellis-colubre, “ Prugillensis,
“ Tschudiana, “ delicatulus,
“¢ alsophila, <e malhiaris,
Bulimus crenellus, sf stigmaticus,
“« eygneus, Soy steernt,
Cy eurystomus, Pupa Limensis,
“¢ hamadryas, Bulimus Canarius,
auris-ratti, “< peliostomus,
“ — alsophilus, “< productus,
es morbidus, ¢ scalarioides,
8 tarmensis, ‘6 nemorensis,
ff Troscheli, Balea Peruviana,
sf tapadordes, Succinea Peruviana,
cS) <> serena; Helix Cuyana, Strobel.

H. Andium for H. Andicola, Phil., non Pfeiffer.
H, Minviellet for H. Pazi, preoccupied by Poey.

Diagnosen neuer Heliceen. By Dr. L. PFEIFFER.

Helix Milleri, Pfr. Bahamas.
‘© Salvatoris, Pfr. ¢
“© subacuta, Pfr. Jamaica.
«¢ Julia, Fer. (dese. emend.) ae
Pupa Milleri, Pfr. Bahamas.
“° Bryaniti, Pfr. a
Ctenopoma Bryanti, Pfr. a

LInmax variegatus, Kosmopolitisch. Notice by F. D.
HEYNEMANN.

Ueber einige Landschnecken des oberen Amazonen-strom-
gebiets. By Epw. von Martens.

Bulimus (Borus) accelerans. Bul. (Drymeeus) interpictus.
Bulimulus ehrysomelas.

Die Zungen von Partula und Achatinella. By F. D.
HEYNEMANN.

Hin neues Cyclostoma von Cuba. By Dr. L. Preirrer.
Choanopoma Humboldtianum.
Iiteratur. By Dr. E. von Martens.

Drei neue West Indische Pnewmonopomen. By Dr. L.
PFEIFFER.

Helicina Rawsoni, Ins. Inagua. Chondropoma Rawsoni, Ins.
“ Bryanti, Ins. Inagua. Inagua.

188 AMERICAN JOURNAL
Rinige Japanesische Konchylien aus der Bucht von Jedo.
By ©. EH. Liscuxe.

Remarks are made upon fifty-five species, of which some are
undetermined, but none are described as new.

Neecrology :—Rossmissler. By ADOLF SCHMIDT.

Oopelta, Mérch, neue Nacktschnecken gattung. By F. D.
HEYNEMANN.

Oopelta nigropunctata, Morch. Guinea.
Beschreibung eweter neuen Peruanischen Clausilien. By

Dr. R. A. PHILIPPI.
Cl. malleolata. Ol. Raimondiz.
Neue Heliceen. By Dr. L. PFEIFFER.

Helix elegantula. Mexico. Bul. Landaueri.
“ subhyalina. a Oleacina incisa.
‘* Henschet. New Caledonia. Tornatellina Blandiana.
“* seollaris. Hab.—?

Beschreibungen und Kritik neuer Mollusken. By Dr.
C. AGARDH WESTERLUND.

Vertigo tumida. Pehrsborg, near Ronneby, Sweden.
6 66

Planorbis limophilus. “ fe :
Zwet neue Siisswasser-Muscheln aus Afrika. By W.
DUNKER.
Galatea truncata. Guinea. Fischeria curta. Guinea.

Zur Molluskenfauna von Cuba. By Dr. L. PFEIFFER.
(Continued. )

Cylindrella macra, Wright. Chondropoma ewrratum, Wright.

Ueber die Ost-Asiatischen Limneaceen. By KE. von
MARTENS.

Planorbis infralineatus. Java. Planorbis calathus, Benson. Japan.
“© aberrans. China. Physa Philippina. Luzon.
‘6 Largilliertt. “ Limneus pervius. China.

Malakozoologische Blatter. Vol. xv, 226 pp. 8vo. 5 pl. Cassel, 1868.

Versuch einer Geschichte der conchyliologischen Nomen-
clatur. By O. A. L. Morcu.

Die Nacktschnecken von der Prinzeninsel. By F. D.
HEYNEMANN.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 189

Dendrolimaz, N. Gen. G. Heynemannt, Dohrn.
Veronicella myrmecophila.

Literatur. By L. Prerrrer.
Diagnosen einiger noch unbeschreibenen Heliceen. By
Dr. L. PFEIFFER.

Helix Gobanzt, Frauenfeld. Tirol.
Clausilia tichobates, Parreyss. Dalmatia.
¢ Gobanzi, $f Styria.
System der Europtischen Clausilien und ihrer niiechsten
Verwandten. By ApdoL¥ ScHMIpt.

Zur Anatomie von Trigonia margaritacea, Lam. By Dr.
Emin SELENKA.

Ueber einige Schnecken der Abruzzen. By. Dr. Epw.
von MARTENS.
Diagnosen neuer Heliceen. By Dr. L. PFEIFFER.

Helix crypta, Parreyss. Dalmatia.
‘¢ Chameleon, ‘“ Cavinthia.
Spiraxis tenuis, Pfr. Mexico.

Bemerkungen tiber einige Arten von Cardium. By Dr.
K. Romer.

Die Munitheile einige Brazilianischen Land und Stisswas-
serschnecken. By. F. D. HEYNEMANN.

Studien tiber die Familie der Veneraceen oder Venus-
muscheln. By Dr. L. PFEIFFER.

Zwet neue Landschnecken aus Costarica. By Dr. E. von
MARTENS.
Felix triplicata. Bulimulus rhodotrema.
Ueber einige Heliceen vom Himalaya. By Dr. EH. von
MARTENS. :
Helix elatior. Helix pettos.
Ueber drei Philippinische Cochlostylen. By HE. von
MARTENS.
Cochlos. chloroleuca, nov. spec.
Aufruf an die Malakologen Deutschlands. Ueber siid-

brasilische Land-und Stisswasser Mollusken. By Epw.
von MARTENS.

Bulimus tudiculatus, Succinea convexra,
Bulimulus Henselii, Chilina pavoa,
Streptaxis apertus, Planorbis purus.

190 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Diagnosen neuer Meeres-Konchylien von Japan. By Dr.

| C. HE. Liscuxe.
Fusus inconstans, Acmea Schrenckii,
Murex Troscheli, Mytilus crassitesta,
Triton Dunkeri, Spondylus cruentus,

Nassa Japonica.
Conchylia nova potissimum Magellanica. By Dr. R. A.

PHILIPPI.

Buccinum Antarcticum, Modiola Antarctica,

‘i Actonis, Patella ? emarginulordes,
Columbella ebenum, Rissoa Schythet,
Daphnella magellanica, Trophon antareticus,
Fusus uniearinatus, Venus Australis,

Hydrobia Antarctica.

Monographia Heliceorum viventium. Vol. sextum. Auct. Ludovico
Pfeiffer, Dr. 8vo. 598 pp. Leipzig, 1868.

This is the second volume of the third supplement to the
monograph of Helicidee:—The first, noticed by me recently,
contained Helix proper, while the present issue is devoted to
Bulimus, Achatina, Pupa, Cylindrella, Clausilia, ete.

The last issue of the monograph of these genera was in 1859,
and I give below the number of species contained in each genus,
both of that and the present volume, in order to exhibit the pro-
digious advance of our knowledge of these genera during ten
years.

No. of species of Bulimus, Achatina, Pupa, Cylindrella, Clausilia.
1859, 1490, 334, 239, 164, 395, = 2622.
1868, 1782, 458, 326, 274, 585, = 3420.

Novitates Conchologice. Land-Conchylien. Part 33. By Dr. Louis
PreirFer. 4to.3 col. plates. Cassel.

The figures illustrate Cylindrella 1 plate, Cs 'yclostonude 1 plate,
and a plate of Helix and Achatina.
Part 34. 4to, 3 colored plates.

Illustrates Cylindrellide, Helix and Bulimus.
Part 35. 4to, 3 colored plates.

The plates illustrate sixteen species of Unionide and two of
Corbiculade, from Chili, described by Philippi in the Malako-
zoologische Blatter, 1869.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 191

Novitates Conchologice. Supplement III. Monographie der Mollusken
gattung Venus. By Dr. Epw. Romer. 16-17 parts, 6 colored plates.

The present issue is a monography of the section Crista,
DE of the sub-genus Cytherea.
C. adunca, Romer. Indian Ocean.

Parts 38,19. With 6 colored plates.

The present issue is occupied with descriptions of the species
of Circe. ‘

Novitates Conchologice. Mures-Conchylien. By Dr. Wm. Duyxer.
Part 15, 4to, 3 colored plates.

Fusus Meyert, Dunker, n. sp. Hab.—?
diudolpht, °° mn. sp. ~ *

Solen Lappeanis, ‘* Carribean Sea.

Solen Morchii, Dunker, n. sp. Hab.—?

Siliquaria centralis, Conrad. Coast of Georgia.

The shell here figured is nothing but the S. gibba, Spengler,
with which Dr. Dunker believes it to be “nearest allied.” Mr.
Conrad never described a species under the name of S. centralis.

Part 14. 4to, 3 colored plates.
Murex depresso-spinosus, Dkr., n. sp. Loe. ?
The plates illustrate species of Arca and Murez.

Systematisches Conchylien Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz.
Continued by H. C. Kistmr. Vol. 3, part 27, 4to. Nurnberg, 1869.

Contains continuation of monograph of Murex, with six colored
plates.
Vol. x, part 3d.

Continues Roémer’s monograph of Cardiide with six colored
plates.
Vol. xi, part 7th.

Contains continuation of Rémer’s monograph of Veneride,
with six colored plates.

Cyclina intumescens, Romer, n. sp. Northern Europe.

Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz.
Conducted by H. C. Kistnr. 191st part. Nurnberg, 1869.

This part contains the continuation of the monographs of the
Veneride and of Cardium, and has a colored plate.

Cardium glabratum, Romer, is proposed instead of C.
levigatum, Reeve, non Linn.

Ae 7 en Ks

iy nr s
‘tee as ai,

CATALOGU ES

OF THE

FAMILIES

PORCELLANIDA AND AMPHIPERASIDA.

By S. R. ROBERTS.

It has been the aim of the writer, in the compilation of these Cata-
logues, as far as possible to recognize the services of old authors wher-
ever they were benomeal. This will meet with some opposition, especially
from those who wish to adhere to the rules laid down by certain Associa-
tions, which ignore the claims of all Authors prior to Linnzus.

The families have been subdivided according to H. and A. Adams;
although but little importance can be attached to some of these subdivi-
sions; yet as they serve to lessen the labor in arranging the Catalogues,
they are here adopted. Some difficulty has been experienced regarding
dates of publication, especially where the monographs were published in
parts. As an illustration, Kiener’s Monograph was published in this
manner, no dates being given to indicate when each part was issued. When
these dates are known correctly, some of his species may have priority.
Sowerby’s Monograph in Conch. Illus. was completed in 1837, and that
date has been taken for his species in some cases.

The writer here returns thanks to Messrs. John G. Anthony, G. W.
Tryon, Jr., and others, who have aided him in compiling these Catalogues,
and to Mr. John H. Redfield, who has made some valuable additions to
the geographical distribution of the species.

MoNOGRAPHS REFERRED TO:

C. Ic. = Reeve’s Conchologia Iconica.

C. Ill. = Sowerby’s Conchological Illustrations.
Thes. = Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum.
Cog. Viv. = Kiener’s Coquilles Vivantes, &c.

190

Family PORCELLANID/:.

Genus PORCELLANA, Rumph.

Amb. Rarit. p. 113, 1705.
Klein, Tent. Method. p. 88, 1758.

Cyprea, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1172, 1767.

1. P. argus, Rumph., Amb. Rarit. pl. 38, f. D, 1705.
C. argus, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1173, (12th ed.) 1767. C. Ie.
pl. 3, sp.-6. CLI. 25. “Coq. Viv: p. 171, pl. 31, 38) ee
Indian Ocean and Malayan Archipelago.

2. P. aselli, Rumph., Amb. Rarit. pl. 39, f. M, 1705.
C’. asellus, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1178, 1767. C. Ic. pl. 18, sp.
98... Ci. di.gp..61,f. 98. Coq. Vix, p./98, plot tee.
Indian Ocean and Malayan Archipelago.

3. P. carneola, Rumph., Amb. Rarit. pl. 38, f. K, 1705.
C. carneola, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1174, 1767. C. Ic. pl. 6,
f.19. C. Ill. sp..14, £165. Cog. Viv.-p. 83, pl ai, ia.
O. crassa, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 8421, 1788.
C. Otahettensis, Sch. et. Wag. p. 108, pl. 228, f. 4029-30,
1829. Indian Ocean, Otaheite ?

4, P. cervinetta, Kien., Coq. Viv. p. 74, pl. 6, f. 1, 2, ?
Mazatlan—Panama.
5. P. cervus, Linn., Mantissa, p. 548, 1771.
C. Ic. pl. 2, sp. 6. C. Il. sp. 22, £175. Coq. Viv. p. 72,
Dh ho, ete tk.
C. occulata, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3408, 1790.
C. cervina, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 875, 1822.
Panama, Pacifie Ocean.

6. P. chrysalis, Kien., Coq. Viv. p. 92, pl. 54, f. 4.

Hab.—?
7”, P. clara, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 18, 1851. Hab.—?

8. P. cribellum, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 22, 1849.

Mediterranean.
9, P. Crossei, Marie, Jour. de Conch. xvii, p. 16, pl. 1, f. 3,
1869. Noumea.

10. P. cylindrica, Born., Mus. p. 184, pl. 8, f. 10, 1780.
C. Ie. pl. 14, sp. 64. C. ll. sp. 74, f. 101. Cog. Viv. p.
89, pl. 16, f. 3. Philippines.

11. P. Erythreensis, Beck MSS. C. Ic. pl. 14, sp. 63, 1845.
C. De® £61. Zanzibar.

191

12. P. exanthema, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1172, 1767.
C. Ic. pl. 5, sp. 16. OC. Ill. sp. 21, f. 170. Cog. Viv. p.
OL, pl. 4,6, {1
C. zebra, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1174.
C. plumbea, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 8408, 1790.
C. bifasciata, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 8405.
C. dubia, Gmel. Syst. Nat. p. 3405. West Indies.

13. P. exusta, Sowb., C. Ill. sp. 25, f. 2*, 1837.
Ctcopl. 2 sp..4. .cog. Viv. p. ol, pl.1d, fey edSea-

14. P. felina, Gmel. (non Gray), Syst. Nat. p. 8412, 1790.
C. Ie. pl. 19, £. 105, b.., G. I.-f. 185, 187. Coq. Viv. p.
96, pl. 33, f. 3. Indian Ocean.
15. P. fimbriata, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3420, 1790.
C. Ic. pl. 18, sp.92. C. Ill. sp. 98, f. 188,140. Cog. Viv.
p- 98, pl. 51, f. 4. Polynesia.

16. P. fuscomaculata, Pse., Proc. Zool Soc. p. 515, 1865.
Am. Jour. Conch. iv. pl. 11, f. 10, 11, 1868. Central Pacific.

17. P. Helene, Roberts, Am. Jour. Conch. iv, p. 250, pl. 15,
f. T-10, 1868. Sandwich Islands ?

18. P. hirundo, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1178, 1767.
C. Ic. pl. 19, sp. 104. C. Ill. sp. 64, f. 174. Cog. Viv.
p95; pl.82; f 1.
C. Owenit, Sowb.* (non Gray,) C. Ill. sp. 64, f. 12**.
Indian Ocean.
19. P. interrupta, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 876, 1824.
C. Ic. pl. 19, sp. 108. C. Il. sp. 68, £15. Cog. Viv. p.
94, pl. 43, f. 2. Philippines.
20. P. irrorata, Sol. MSS., Zool. Jour. iv, p. 80, 1828.
C. Ic. pl. 22, sp. 126. C. Ill. sp. 82, f. 25. Coq. Viv. p.
101, pl.5T, f..4. Elizabeth Island.
21. P. Isabella, Rumph., Amb. Rarit. pl. 39, f. G, 1705.
C. Isabella, Linn., Syst. Nat. p.1177, 1767. ©. 1c. pl. 12,
sp. 51. C. Ill. sp. 29, f. 98. Coq. Viv. p. 87, pl. 48, f. 3.
_C. controversa, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 144; iv, p. 71, 1824.
Indian Ocean, Sandwich Islands.
22. P. lurida, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1175, 1767.
C. Ic. pl. 9, sp. 32. C. Ill. sp. 31, f. 82. Cog. Viv. p. 82,
ples, ta L. Mediterranean.
23. P. microdon, Gray, Zool. Jour. iv, p. 71, 1828.
C. Ic. pl. 24, sp. 189. C. Ill. sp. 82, f. 8. Coq. Viv. p.
102, pl. 56, f. 5. Philippines.

* This species was cancelled by the author, but as Dr. Jay has it no-
ticed in his Catalogue, it is here inserted as a synonym.

192

24, P. neglecta,* Sowb., C. Ill. sp. 66, f. 12,* 1837.
C. Ic. pl. 19, sp. 100. Mauritius.

25. P. notata, Gill, An. Lyc. N. H. vi, p. 255, pl. 9, f. 1—38,
1858. E. Indies.

26. P. parvula, Philippi, Zeit. fur Malak, p. 24, 1849.
Hab.—?

27. P. pulchra, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 143, pl. 7 & 12, f. 9,
1824.

Cte pl opsp. 34. @. Tl. sp. 2858126. Coq. Vir:
S5spl? 19,°7... Red Sea, Persian Gulf.

28. P. pulicaria, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 28, 1846.
Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 97, 1848. C. Ic. pl. 17, sp. 84.
Hab.—?
29. P. quadrimaculata, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 876, 1824.
C. Ic. pl. 19, sp. TOT. C. TIE sp. 62, f. 83. Coq. Vivap:
90, pl. 3, f. 3.
(. pallidula, Gask., var., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 97, 1848.
East Indies.
30. P. rhinoceros, Souv., Jour. de Conch. p. 156, pl. 5, f. 1,
1865. Caledonian Archipelago.

31. P. scurra, Chem., Conch. Cab. x, p. 103, pl. 144, f. 1338,
1788.
C. Te.'pl. 11, sp: 45. --C. Til. /spo'27, f° T0306" Gen:
Vivep:. 107, pl. 5) f.. 2.pl.50; 7. 1:
C. Indica, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3412, 1790. Indian Ocean.

32. P. stolida, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1180, 1767.
C. Ic. pl. 14, sp. 67. C. Ill, sp. 65, f. 91, 92. Coq. Viy.
p20, plot, fa:
CO. ferruginea, Humph., Cab. Cat. No. 113.
C. rubiginosa, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3420, 1790. Ceylon.
33. P. tabescens, Sol., MSS. Dillw. Cat. i, p. 463, 1817.
C. Ic. pl. 14, sp. 66. C. Ill. sp. 73, f. 14. Cog. Viv. p.
88, pl. 5, f. 3. Pacifie O.

34. P. talpa, Rumph., Amb. Rarit. pl. 38, f. i, 1705.
Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1174, 1767. C. Ic. pl. 2, sp. 5. _C.

Minsp:, 24,17 11. Cog. Vive palo, Diat a, tee
Indian and Pacific Oceans.

35, P. teres, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3405, 1790.
©. Ie. pl..18, sp. 93. C: Ill. sp.-72, f° 56. ’-Cog. Viv-"p.
91; pl. 39, £3. Hab.—?

* Closely allied to P. hirundo, Linn.

193

36. P. testudinaria, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1173, 1767.
Co lenpl: os speoy iC. Ill. £ 152° -Coq. “Viv. psy 1, pl.
a ES ES EG rae
C’. testudinosa, Perry, Conch. pl. 22, f. 7, 1811.
Indian Ocean.

37. P. unifasciata,* Mighels, Proc. Bost. Soe. ii, p. 24, 1848.
Oahu.

38. P. ursellus, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3411, 1790.
Coq. Viv. p. 99, pl. 33, f. 4. Indian Ocean.

Genus LUPONIA, Gray.
Desc. Cat. Cyp. 1832.

1, L. albuginosa, Mawe, Zool. Jour. i, p. 510, 1824.
C. Ic. pl. 18, sp. 94. C. Ill. sp. 45, f. 102. Coq. Viv. p
49, pl. 32, f. 2. California.

2. L. Algoensis, Gray (non Sowb.), Zool. Jour. i, p. 498,
1824.

Cie. pl. Uigsp: 90: CzAlL sp. 100, £26... Coq. Vive p.

44, pl. 42, f. 2. Algoa Bay.

3. L. angustata, Gmel. (non Gray), Syst. Nat. p. 3421,
1790.

C. Ie. pl. 1, sp. 91.01 C.Tlgspis99))f.y105: .Cog..Viv.ip:

43, pl. 35, f. 2. New Holland.

4, L. aurantia, Martyn, Univ. C. ii, f. 59, 1782.
Cole. pl. 4, sp. 11.
C. aurora Solandri, Chem., Conch. Cab. xi, pl. 180, f. 1787,

1738, 1795.
©. Ill. sp. 8, £41. Coq. Viv. p. 8 pl. 27, 28, £1.
Taheite.
5. L. Barclayii, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 208, pl. 38, f. 4,
1857. Diego Garcia.
6. L. Beckii, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 205, 1835.
@. Ic. pl. 22, sp. 125. C. Ill, £, 97. Red Sea.

7. L. bicallosa, Gray, C. Ill. sp. 50, f. 10, 1837.
C. Ic. pl. 16, sp. 79. Cog. Viv. p. 111, pl. 16, f. 2.
St. Vincent.

8. L. bicolor, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 92, 1848. Australia.
9. L. Boivinii, Kien., Coq. Viv. p. 66, pl. 18, f.2. Hab.—?

* This species may prove to be only a variety of P. fimbriata, Gmel.

194

10. L. Broderipii, Gray, Desc. Cat. p. 3, No. 18, 1832.
C. Ic. pl. 5, sp. 18. C. Til. sp. 20, f. 2. Madagascar.

11. L. Bregeriana, Crosse, Jour. de Conch. xvi, p. 277, 1868.
Jour. de Conch. xvii, pl. 1, f. 2, 1869. New Caledonia.

12, L. camelopardalis, Perry, Conch. pl. 19, f. 5, 1811.
C. Ill. sp. 16, f. 64, 65. Coq. Viv. p. 13, pl. 24, f. 1.
C. melanostoma, Leathes, Tank. Cat. App. p. 31, 1825. C.
Tespl6, sp. 17.
Red Sea.

13. L.? candida, Pse., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 515, 1865.
Am. Jour. Conch. p. 95, pl. 11, f. 12, 138, 1868.
Central Pacific.

14. L. castanea, Higgins, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 178, pl. 14, f. 1,
1868. Hab.—?
15. L. caurica, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1179, 1767.
Gite. pl. 11, sp: 46) “C. TWD£. 15s) TOU? *"Goqe-V ive
54, pl. 10, f. 2, 3.
C. dentexz, Humph., Cab. Cat. No. 116, 1779.
C. draceena, Born., Mus. p. 189, 1780.
C’. corrosa, Gron., Zooph. p. 129, 1783.
C’. derosa, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3416, 1790.
C’. elongata, Perry, Conch. pl. 22, 1811.
Indian O, and Malayan Archipelago.

16. L. cinerea, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3402, 1790.
C. Ic. pl. 22, sp. 124. C. Ill. sp. 15; f. 168... Cog. Viv.
p- 84, pl. 26, f. 2.
C’. sordida, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 3887, 1822.
C’. translucens, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3404, 1790. W. Indies.

17. L. citrina, Gray (non Kiener*), Zool. Jour. i, p. 509,
1824.

Cy Te: pl 16, sp. 78. C.-Ilsp. 48, f. 9. Madagascar.

18. L. clandestina, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1177, 1767.
C. Te.. pl. 19, sp. 106..° CTE sp.°94, 8 81> “Cag? Viv. p-
30, pl. 31, f. 4.
C. moniliaris, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 396, 1822.
Ceylon.

19. L. compta, Pse., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 189, 1860.
Jarvis I.

* The figure given in Kiener’s monograph is an L. helvola, Linn,

195

20. L. contaminata, Gray, Desc. Cat. p. 11, 1832.
Cole. pls 22; sp. 121. C. Ill. sp. 96; £21, Cogs Viv. p.
101, pl. 57, f. 5. Hab.—?

21. L. cribraria, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1178, 1767.
Ca te: pi. 16, sp: $1. ©. Til. ep. Td, f. 63: Coq. Vive p:
20s pl 20,4...
C. comma, Perry, Conch. pl. 21, f..5, 1811. Ceylon.

22. L. Cumingii, Gray, Desc. Cat. No. 41, 1832.
Caco 1o.sp. 17. C. Ul sp.. 77, £9. Cog. Vive ns 28s
Hie 20,: ts 3. Soctety Islands.

23. L. dama, Perry, Conch. pl. 28, f. 3, 1811.
CG. U1. sp. 195 f. 200.2 Cog. Viv. p. Td; plz Spf d.
C’. nivosa, Brod., Zool. Jour. iii, p. 84, pl. 4, f. 1, 1827. C.
Te. ph. 7 psp.s25. Hab.—?

24, ©. Seo Barnes, An. Lyc. N.‘H. i, p. 183, pl. 9, f. 2,
1824.

C. Te. pl. 19, sp. 85.. Caq.. Viv. p. 60, pl. 8, f. 3,
Philippines.
25. L. erosa, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1179, 1767.
Colerps 1 sp. 43: -C. Ill. sp, Sa pie no,r 1g ay. Cog:
Viv. p: 09, pls 9; 8:2, 3.
Indian O. and Malayan Archipelago.
26. L. errones, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1178, 1767.
C. Ic. pl. 18, sp. 56. C. Ill. sp. 80, f. 124, 128, 129, 132.
Coq. Viv. p. 56, pl. 29, f. 4, 4a.
C. ovum, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 83412, 1790.
C’.. subflava, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3413, 1790,
C. olwvacea, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 392, 1822.
Indian Ocean.
27. L. esontropia, Ducl., Mag. Zool. p. 26, 1833.
Cite pl AlG, sp. 80, Cog: Vix. p. 2m plea, f, 2.
Philippines.
28. L. flaveola, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1179, 1767.
ler. ta. speOo. | 6C. Til sp.752. f 11.
C. labrolineata, Gask., var., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 97, 1848.
West Indies.
29. L. fusco-dentata, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 499, 1824.
C. Ic. pl. 17, sp. 88. C. Ill. sp. 104, f. 28. Cog. Viv. p.
46, pl. 36, f. 3. Cape of Good Hope.

*Mr. Sowerby has combined the three species, Lamarckii, miliaris and
eburnea, calling the latter two varieties of the former. They are all,
however, quite distinct.

196

30. L. gangrenosa, Sol. (non Gmel.,) MSS. Dilw. Cat. 1, p.
465, No. 19, 1817.
C. Ic. pl. 18, sp. 96. C. Ill. sp. 47, f. 8. Cog. Viv. p. 50,
pl. 50, f. 2.
C. poraria, Mart. (non Linn.) Conch i, p. 304, pl. 30, f. 324,
325, 1768.
CO. scabiosa, Humph., Cab. Cat. No. 103.
CO. Reentzit, Dkr., var., Menke and Pfr. 1852, p. 189, and

Nov. Conch. pl. 11, f. 8, 4, 1858. China.
31. L. Gaskoinii, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 23, 1846.
C. Ie. pl. 22, f. 122. js ee

32. L. Goodalii, Gray, Desc. Cat. p. 10, 1882.
C: Ie. pl. 22, sp. 120: C: Ill. sp.176, £16.
Lord Hood’s Island.

33. L. gracilis, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 93, 1848.
Bourbon.

34. L. guttata, Rumph., Amb. Rarit. pl. 38, f. A, 1705.
C. tigris, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1176, 1767.
C. Ic. pl. 4, sp. 12. C. Ill. sp. 4, f. 90. Coq. Viv. p.4,

pls ale, 20,°6 5 fel

C. flammea, Gmel., Syst, Nat. p. 3408, 1790.

CO. tigrina, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3404, 1790.

OQ. guttata, Gmel., p. 8402, reference to fig. Lister, pl. 676, f.
23. Indian O. and Malayan Archipelago.

35. L. helvola, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1189, 1767.
CG. Ic. pl. 15, sp 72. -CO I. sp: 49; f.121-. Cog. Viv..p-
OOF pl. 28.
CO. citrina, Kien. (non Gray) Coq. Viv. p. 70, pl. 43, f 4.
Ceylon—Indian Ocean—Sandwich Islands.

36. L. Jenningsiana, Perry, Conch. pl. 19, f. 4. 1811.
CO. guttata, Gmel. (non Gray) Syst. Nat. p. 8402, reference to
fig. Mart. Conch. i. pl..25, f. 252, 258. °C. Te. plo,
sp. 80. C. Ill. sp. 48, f. 176. Coq. Viv. p. 52, pl. 43,
aw Hab. —— ?

37. L. Lamarckii, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 506, 1824.
CG. Te-vpl. 10, sp. 37., C. Tl. isp..54,, f.. 12. Coq. Viviane
58, pl. 30, f. 2. Indian Ocean.

38. L. lentiginosa, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 489, pl. 7, 12, f.
1, 1824.

C. Ic. pl. 12, sp. 49. C. Ill. sp. 95, f. 139. © Coq. Viv. p.
Sy ple ks 2: Ceylon.

197

39. L. leucodon, Brod., Zool. Jour. iv, p. 168, pl. 6, 1828.
Cilerpidspe co. Ob iil. sp." 9) £17 7=—8. "Cog. Viv:
po ra; pl. op, ft. 1. Hab. —— ?

40. L. Listerii, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 507, 1824.
C. Ic. pl.. 16, sp. 88. C. Ill. sp. 46, f. 114. Cog. Viv. p.
65, pl. 83, 41, f. 2. Bengal.

41, L. lutea, Gronov., Zoophylac. fasc. 3, pl. 19, f. 17, 1781.
C. Ic pl. 20, sp. 110.

C. Humphreysii, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 489, 1824. C. Ill.

spilt, f..99,,,) Coq. Viv: p. 40;:pl., 14.1.4 pl..57, fale

Hab. 2

42. L. lynx, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1176, 1767.
Coleapl Oo eprsien) Cs Ul. saps 12 f LOT. Cogs Views me
10, pl. 25, 38, f. 2.
C. Vanelli, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1175, 1767.
C. squalina, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 8420, 1790.
C. Caledonica, Crosse., var., Jour. de Conch. xvii, p. 41, pl.
F£..1,\ 4869. Indian Ocean, Pacifie O.

43. L. margarita, Sol., MSS. Zool. Jour. iv, p. 87, 1828.
C. Ic. pl. 22, sp. 1238. C. Ill. sp. 87, f. 6. Coq. Viv. p.

100, pl. 56, f. 4. Annaa I,
44, L. Menkeana, Desh., Conch. I. Reunion, p. 139, pl. 13,
f. 21, 22, 1863. Bourbon.

45. L. miliaris, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3420, 1790.
C. Ic. pl. 10, sp. 36. Coq. Viv. p. 59, pl. 8, f. 2. Japan.

46. L. montosa, Rumph., Amb. Rarit, p. 114, pl. 38, f. B,
1705.

C. mappa, Linn., Syst. Nat p. 1178, 1767. ©. Ic. pl. 6. sp.
tse C; Me sp...2, £.76;,7 Coq. Viv.p. 9> pl. 20) frat 2
C. alga, Perry, Conch. pl. 23, f. 1, 1811. Annaa I.

47. L. nigropunctata, Gray, Zool. Jour. iv, p. 81, 1828.
C. Ic. pl. 18, sp. 59. C. Ill. sp. 89, f. 22. Cog. Viv. p.
elypl. 2, £5 2:
C. ira, Kien., Coq. Viv. p. 35, pl. 56, f. 2. Gallipagos I.

48. L. ocellata, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1180, 1767.
C. Ie. pl. Layisp. 1320 Coqix Vive pa67; pl) 49:80 S56:
Tl. sp. 55, f. 67. Ceylon.

49. L. onyx, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1177, 1767.
C. Ic. pl. 10, sp. 39. C. Ill. sp. 84, f. 17. Cog. Viv. p.
16, pl. 44, f. 1.

198

C. adusta, Chem. (non Lam.) var., Conch. Cab. x, p. 106,
pl. 145, f. 1841, 1790. :

C. nymphea, Ducl. 2

C. pulla, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 8412, 1790.

C. suceincta, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1177, 1767. San Diego 1.

50. L. pallida, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 887, 1824.
C. le. pl, is; sp. 64.. (Cl spego ft: 19 76: “Cog. Vine
p. 64, pl. 51, f. 1. Hab. 2

51. L. pantherina, Sol., MSS. Dilw. Cat. i, p. 499, 1817.
Ci lcepl. oi ep: To C0: Nl spi 6, ease.
C. guttata, Lam. (non Rumph.) An. du Mus. xv, p. 458, 1810.
C. tigrina, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 883, 1822.
Red Sea—Indian O.
52. L. physis, Brocchi, (in aet. fos.) Conch. foss. Subap. ii, p.
284, pl. 2, f. 3, 1814.
C. Ic. pl. 12, sp. 47.
C. achatidea, Gray, (non Sowb.) C. Ill. f. 179, 18387.
C. Grayt, Kien., Coq. Viv. p. 20, pl. 26, f. 3.
Mediterranean Sea.
53. L. a Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 389, pl. 7, 12, f. 10,
824.

Gite. pl. 18, sp. 57. C. Il. sp. 86,4. 162. | Coge Viv. p-
34, pl. 56, f. 6. Gambia.
54. L. piperita, Sol., MSS. Zool. Jour. i, p. 498, 1824.
Osic. pl. 11, sp..81.- Collitep: 100 ft 2
C. Comptoni, Gray, var. Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 170, 1865.

; Australia.
55. L. polita, Roberts, Am. Jour. Conch. iv, p. 70, pl. 15, f.
1—3, 1868. Sandwich Islands.

56. L. poraria, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1180, 1767.
C. Ic. pl. 18, sp. 99. C. Ill. sp. 44, f. 68. Cog. Viv. p.
51, pl. 49, f. 2. Sandwich I.

57, L. pulchella, Swn., Phil. Mag. 1xi, p. 376, 1823.
C. Ic. pl. 11, sp. 42. OC. Ill. sp. 28, f. 40. Coq. Viv. p.
25, pl. 23, f. 2. China Sea.

58. L. punctata, Linn., Mantissa. p. 548, 1771.
C. fe, plo 19s apo dol. GP Ills ap. 6040127.
CO. atomaria, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3412, 1790.
C. stercus-muscarum, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 396, 1822.
Philippines.
59. L. punctulata, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 387, 1824.
C. fe. pl. 13, sp. 61. -C. Til. sp. 20, f 20. Coq.. Viv. p.
del Satan. Mazatlan—Panama.

199

60. y pyriformis, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 871, 1824.
. ies pl¥d2espyo25 C. Til. sp. 69; v3 23. Coq. Viv. p.
cide pl. 55, Pd, New Holland— Ceylon.

61. L. pyrum, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3411, 1790.
C. Ic. pl. 8, sp. 96. °C. TIL. sp. 85, f. 72. Coq. Viv. p.
13, pl. 28, f. 2
C. rufa, Lam., “An. sang Vert. vil, p. 888, 1822.
C. flaveola, Born. (non Linn.) Mus. p. 190, 1778.
Mediterranean Sea.
62. L. Reeveii, Gray, C. Ill. sp. 15*, f. 52, 1837.
C. Ic. pl. 11, sp. 41. Cog. Viv. p. 86, pl. 37, f. 2.
E. Indies.
63. L. salita, Rumph., Amb. Rarit. pl. 38, f. L, 1705.
C’. vitellus, Linn. , Syst. Nat. p. 1176, 1767. ©. Ie. pl. 5, sp.
14. (C. Ill. sp. 13, f. 66. Cog. Viv. p. 12, pl. 19, f. 1.
C. dama, Humph., Cab. Cat. No. 118, 1779.
C. fulva, Gmel. , Syst. Nat. p. 3413, 1790. Indian Ocean.

64. L. sanguinolenta, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3406, 1790.
Ic. pl. 19, sp. 102. C. Ill. sp. 97, £ 108. Cog. Viv.
p. 32, pl. 33, f. 1.

C. purpurascens, Swn., Phil. Mag. lxi, p. 376, 1823. Gambia.
65. L. Sauliz, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 23, 1843.

G.. temple f4'sp. 62: Bay of Manilla.
66. L. semiplota, Mighels, Proc. Bost. Soe. ii, p. 24, 1848.
Oahu.

67. L. similis, Gray, Zool. Miscel. p. 36.
C. Ic. pl. 17, sp. 89. C. Ill. sp. 108, f. 27. Cog. Viv. p.
17, pl. 19; f. 2. C. of Good Hope.

68. L. Sowerbyii, Kien., Coq. Viv. p. 38, pl. 7, f. 3.
C. Ie. pl. 10, sp. 40.
C. ferruginosa, Kien., Coq. Viv. p. 87, pl. 56, f. 3.
C. zonata, Lam., (non Gray,) An. sans Vert. p. 886, 1822

69. L. spadicea, Swn., Phil. Mag. 1xi, p. 376, 1823.
Use. ply Tsp. 215+ °C. Ll..sp. 83, f. 95. Coq. Viv. p.
14, pl. 22, fault. New Holland.

70. L. spadix,* Mighels, Proc. Bost. Soe. ii, p. 24, 1848.
Oahu.

* This species has very much the appearance of an immature L. semz-
plota, but with my present knowledge of it I do not feel safe in placing it
in the synonymy of the latter.

200

71, L. spurca,* Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1179, 1767.
C. Ie. pl. 14, sp. 68. ©. Ill. sp. 51, f. 53, 81, 104. Coq.
Viv. p. 61, pl. 30, £. 1.
C. acicularis, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3421, 1790.
C. flaveola, Lam. (non Linn.), An. sans Vert. vii, p. 394, 1822.
West Indies.

72, L. subviridis, Rve., C. Ic. pl. 12, sp. 48, 1845.
Co TM. f7LS0. OCbqe Vivivp: 48; plads; fo2. Australia.

73. L. Thomasi, Crosse, Jour. de Conch. p. 57, pl. 6, f. 3,
1865. Ha

74, L. umbilicata, Sowb., Tank. Cat. app. p. 30, 1825.
Cir 169. Australia.

75, L. undata, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 893, 1822.
Ceili tsp: 93 yf. 109. 9. Coq... Viv. p.i2iplii30) f. 3.
C. diluculum, Rve., C. Ic. pl. 14, sp. 65, 1845. Philippines.

76. L. Valentia, Perry, Conch. pl. 23, f. 2, 1811.
C. princeps, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 75, 1824. C. Ic. pl. 6,
spe2d. SC.fT. £2055 Cog. Viv.ip) iT, aol, Girtoe.
Persian Gulf.

77. L. variola, Rumph., Amb. Rarit. pl. 38, f. O, 1705.
C. eruenta, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3420, 1790. C. Ic. pl. 10,
Sp.oe.. Caelllisp. 19, £ 112.
C. morbillosa, Sol. MSS., Dillw. Cat. 1817.
C. variolaria, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 887, 1822. Kien.
Coq. Viv. p. 57, pl. 27, f. 2, 3. New Guinea.

78. L. Walkerii, Gray, Desc. Cat. p. 11, 1832.
Clevo t2, sp..50. C. Ill. sp, 70;-f. 225%. Coggey imp
38, pl. 14, f. 2. New Holland.

79. L. Xanthodon, Gray, Desc. Cat. p. 10, 1832.
C. Ie.) plals,-sp..55:, \C. Til. sp.,88, 918... Cog. Viurexp:
39, ple of, f..2. Hab. ?

80. L. zigzag, Linn., Syst., Nat. p. 1177, 1767.
OR os pl. 18, sp. 97. C. IL f. 143. Coq. Viv. p. 22, pl.
reat shed
CG. dntuleta, Wood, Supp. p. 87, pl. 17, f. 16. Mozambique.

81. L. zonata, Chem., Conch. Cab. x, pl. 145, f. 1842, 1788.
CO. Templ) 13)-45.08... Cog. Vive p. los ple 48, to
C. nebulosa, Kien., var., Coq. Viv. p. 63, pl. 32, f. 3.
C. zonaria, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 8414, 1788. Gambia.

*The C. lota of Linn. (non Lam.), is probably a worn C. spurca.

201

Genus GASKOINIA,* Roberts.

1. G. edentula, Sowb., C. Ill. sp. 102, f. 26,* 1837.
Cle: pioiT,-sp. So, a, b. Cog. Viv. p. 50, pl. 9, £2, 3:
South Africa.

Genus ARICIA, Gray.
Desc. Cat. Cyp., 18382.

1. A.? Anne, Roberts, Am. Jour. Conch., iv, p. 250, pl. 15,
f. 4—6, 1868. Sandwich Islands.

2. A. annulus, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1179, 1767.
G Te pals; spl 1CLUIE sp.co8) f. Ths.” Cog. Viv. p-
124, pl. 34, f. 2.
C. Noumeensis, Marie, var. Jour. de Conch. xvii, p. 18, pl. 2,
f. 6, 1869. Indian Ocean.

3. A. Arabica, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1173, 1767.
Colcrpl isp. 2. C. Ill sp. 3, f. 85. Coq. Viv. peavey
plilifil, 2.
C. amethystia, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1174, 1767.
C. fragilis, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1175, 1767.
C’. elegantina, Ducl., var., Guer. Mag. p. 28, 1833.
Indian Ocean.
4. A. arabicula, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 899, 1822.
U.Ic. ply is; ispt.60: fo Cy Ti Yspitt, i i ean. Miva.
115, pls28,, f 8: Acapulco.

5. A, arenosa, Gray, Zool. Jour. p. 147, 1824.
Coles pleas, sp..2t: OC) TN sp. thst. fo... Cog: Viv.np:

1S. ols 11, £4. Annaa Island.
6. A. caput-anguis, Philippi, Menke & Pfr. p. 24, 1849.
Hab.

7. rr ie se ‘Lier Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1175, 1767.
Ic. ap. 442° .C. Tl spear, if. 127, 130) Gane
ae 2 ‘112, pk. 49; f.-1.
C. albella, Dien An. sans Vert. vil, p. 404, 1822
C. reticulum, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 8407, 1790.
Indian Ocean—Taheite.
8. A. ? fabula, Kien., Coq. Viv. p. 97, pl. 54, f. 3.
C. Ic. pl. 19, sp. 105a. Indian Ocean.

* Shell entirely devoid of teeth; in other respects resembling Luponza.
This genus is respectfully dedicated to Mr. J.S. Gaskoin, of England,
who has devoted many years to the study of this family.

+ Probably a variety of A. caput-serpentzs, Linn.

202

9. A. histrio, Meusch, (non Gmel.) Mus. Gevers, p. 404, 1787.
Coq. Viv. p. 04 pl 1828 se. TIL gf. 80:

C. arlequina, Chem., Conch. Cab. x. p. 145, f. 1346-7, 1790.

Indian Ocean.

10. A. leucostoma, Gask., Proc: Zool. Soc. p. 25, 1843.
C. Ic. pl. 7, sp. 22s Mocha.

11. A. marginata, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 91, 1848.
Hab.
12. A. Mauritiana, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1176, 1767.
Cries pi 1, sp. 1. 0. Ill. ap.6, £164.) Coq: Viv. p. 10m
pl. 89, 40, 41, f. 1.
O. fragilis, Born., Mus. p. 179, pl. 8, f. 6, 1780.
C. regina, Chem., Conch. Cab. x, p. 101, 1788.
CO. trefasciata, Gmel., Syst. Nat. 8405, 1790.
C. turbinata, S os “* 3404, “*
C. undulata, Gmel (non Wood), Syst. Nat. 8406, 1790.
Indian Ocean—Mauritius.
13. A. moneta, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1178, 1767.
C. Ic. pl. 15, sp. 74. C. Ill. sp. 60, f. 128, 180. Cog.
Viv. p. 122, 128, pl. 34, f. 1, 3.
C. icterina, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 887, 1822.
C. Barthelemy, Bernardi, var. Jour. de Conch. p. 48, pl. 1,
1861. Fejee Islands—N. Caledonia.

14. A. mus, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1176, 1767. .
C. Ic. pl. 7, sp. 24. C. Ill. f. 156, 157. Cog. Viv. p. 120,
pl. 25, fd.
C. autumnalis, Perry, Conch. pl. 21, f. 2, 1811. West Indies.

15. A. obvelata, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 401, 1822.
C. Ic. pl. 15, sp. 69. C. Ill. sp. 59, f. 18. Coq. Viv. p.

2

125, pl. 34, f. 4. Pacific Ocean.
16. A. pardalina, Dunker, Zeit. fur Malak. p. 126, 1852.
Hab.—?

17. A. reticulata, Martyn, Univ. C. pl. 15, 1782.

C. Ic. pl. 1, sp. 3. C. Ill. f. 166. Cog. Viv. p. 104, pl.
bc }h oad

C. maculata, Barnes, An. Lyc. N. H. i, p. 182, 1824.
C. intermedia, Gray, var. Zool. Jour. i, p. 77, 1824.
Polynesian Islands, Pacifie Ocean.

18. A. Scottii, Brod., Zoo]. Jour. v, p. 330, pl. 14, 1831.
C. Ic. pl. 14, sp. 10. C. Ill. sp. 88, f.44. Cog. Viv. p.
110, pl. 14, f. 1.
C. Friendit, Gray, Desc. Cat. p. 5, 1882. New Holland.

203

19. A. Stercoraria, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1174, 1767.
C. Tele isp: Ip.; C. TL sp..t,f. 167... :Coq. Viv. p:
Hepat i p. 108, pl. 1, ft. 1: 2.
C. cauteriata, Chem., Conch. Cab. x, pl. 144, f. 1332, 1788.
C. fasciata, m «6 ge Ke 1334, <“
C. conspureata, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3405, 1790.
0. gibba, 66 13 66 6G 3403, 66
C. olivacea, e ee oH thr AOS. re
C. nebulosa, Gmel. (non Kien.), Syst. Nat. p. 3413, 1790.
C. grummulus, Humph., Cab. Cat. No. 112, 1779.
C. rattus, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 380, 1822. Africa.

20. A. sulcidentata, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 148, 1824.
C. Ic. pl. 8,.sp. 29. C. Ill. sp. 10, f..110. Coq. Viv. p.
LIT; pl. 214. 3. South Seas.

21. A. tessellata, Swn., Zool. Jour. i, p. 150, 1824.
C. Ic. pl. 12, sp. 53. C. Ill. sp. 55, f. 94. Coq. Viv. p.
AT spl. 22, f. 3. New Zealand.

22. A. thersites, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 90, 1848.
Hab.—?

23. A. turdus, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 392, 1822.
C. Ic. pl. 9, sp. 31. -:C. Ill:* sp. 56, f. 1738. Cog. Viv. p.
62, pl. 4, f. 2.
C. nivea, Gray (non Sol.), Zool. Jour. i, p. 511, 1824. Proc.
Zool. Soc. p. 98, 1848.
C. ovula, Perry, Conch. pl. 21, f. 8, 1811. Persian Gulf.

24. A. ventriculus, Lam., An. du Mus. xvi, p. 452, 1810.
C. Ic. pl. 8, sp. 28. Cog. Viv. p. 116, pl. 38, f. 3. .
C achatina, Sol. MSS. Dilw. Cat. i, p. 446, 1817.
C. carneola, Martyn (non Linn.), Univ. C. pl. 14, 1782.
Pacifie Ocean.

Genus CYPRZOVULA, Gray.
Zool. Jour. i, p. 75, 1824.

1. C. Adamsonii, Gray, Desc. Cat. p. 7, 1882.
C. Ic. pl. 24, sp. 135. C. Hil. sp. 107, f.'7. Cog. Viv. p.
159, pl. 46, £. 3. L. Capul.

2. C. Capensis, Gray, Zool. Jour. iii, p. 573, 1828.
C. Ie. pl. 17, sp. 862°C. MI. L012" "Coq. Viv. p. 158,
ple to; f. 2: Cape of Good Hope.

* Figure 54 in Sowerby’s monograph looks very much like a young
shell, and is no doubtthe L. eburnea, Barnes. It is not a turdus.

204

Genus EPONA, H. and A. Adams.
Genera Recent Mollusca, i, p. 269, 1858.

1. E. annulata, Gray, Zool. Jour. iv, p. 88, 1829.
©. te. pl. Z1,sp. 114. 6 C. Dla. 4. Coq. Viv padiot pe
14, f. 2. Annaa Island.

2. E. cicercula, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1181, 1767.
C. Ic. p. 21, speal6.. C. HI sp. 38,'f. 84. -'Coqo Vane np:
156, pl. 50, f. 3. Malayan Archipelago.

3. E. globuli, Rumph., Amb. Rarit. pl. 39, f. L, 1705.
C. globulus, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1181, 1767. C. Ic. pl. 21,
pp. li8l 1. lsep..39, fe:
C. affinis, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3420, 1790. Asiatic Ocean.

Genus PUSTULARIA, Swainson.
Man. Malacology, p. 325, 1840.

1, P. granulata, Pse., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 278, 1862.
Pacifie Ocean.
2. P. limacina, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 400, 1822.
Coq. Viv. p. 47, pl. 35, f. 1; pl. 22, f. 2.
C’. interstincta, Wood, Index Supp. pl. 3, f. 9, 1828.
Philippines.
3. P. Madagascariensis, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 3419, 1790.
C. Ic. pl. 15, sp. 75. — C. Ill. sp: 42) 14016." ‘Cog: Vine p:
126, pl. 3, f. 4. Pacific Ocean—Madagasear ?

4. P. nucleus, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1181, 1767.
©. Ic. pl. 15, sp. 70. C. Ill. sp. 41, f. 86. Cog. Viv. p.
1 7 0 Bs es
C. gemmosa, Perry, Conch. pl. 28, 1811.
Indian Ocean.—Polynesia.
5. P. pustulata, Lam., An. du Mus. xv. p. 101, 1810.
Cle. pl. dos sp.ii6.¥ Cy dlsp.zL06 £741. Coq: Vivoge
128, pl. 2, £638; Mazatlan—Panama.

6. P. Staphylea, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1181, 1767.
Colespl. 46, sp. 82. Ci Tl. sp+40, f° 83. Cog. Miveape
48, pl. 36, f. 2. Sandwich Islands—Indian Ocean.

Genus TRIVIA, Gray.
Desc. Cat. Cyp. 1882.

1. T. acutidentata, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 201, 1835.
Bay of Guyaquil.

205

2. T. affinis,* Marratt (non Gmel.), An. Mag. N. H. xx, p.
214, 1867. West Indies ?

T. armandina,{ Duclos, Coq. Viv. p. 140, pl. 46, f. 2.
West Indies.

. T, Australis, Lam. (non Gray), An. sans Vert. vii, p. 404,
BY

A

a_i de

he pl. 245 spadss.c7C. W ispad12;\f., 29. Cog. Viv.

p- 138, pl. 48, f. 2. New Holland.
5. T. Californica, Gray, Zool. Jour. iii, p. 365, 1827.
Cte pl. 23, f 1285 ACs. 42: California.

6. T. candidula, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 200, 1835.
Crip 26, fot. C. T.<£ 149. Cogs: Viv. per 18;
pkeoseay 1: Western Islands, Mexico.
T. Childreni, Gray, Zool. Jour. i, p. 618, 1824.
Oiler ainsi i it. CTF. 1690 6" Com?" Vive do,
pl. 40, f. 3. Annaa Island.

. T. corrugata, Pse., Am. Jour. Conch. iv, p. 95, pl. 11, f.
14, 15, 1868. Paumotus.

. T. costata, Gmel., Syst. Nat. p. 8418, 1790.
Co lelpi-20)sp. 109% ° Co IN? fist. “Cage Vive tela,
pl. 47, f. 4.
C’. rosea, Wood, Index Supp. pl. 38, f. 15, 1828.
C’. triticea, Dufr., Blainv. Dict. p. 48, pl. 25, 1824.
C’. carnea, Gray, Zool. Jour. iii, p. 569, 1828. West Indies.

10. T. depauperata, Sowb., C. Ill. sp. 180, f. 49, 1837.
Ue le. pl. 23; sp. 1383. “Coq. Viv. p.. 131; pl. 47, £2.
California.
11. T. Europea, Montague, Test. Brit. Supp. p. 88, 1808.
Cr lcnly 2o,.sp. 129. °C. Wl. f 142, 142*,
C. pediculus, var., Mont., Test. Brit. i, p. 200, 1803.
C’. bullata, Mont., Test. Brit. i, p. 202, 1803.
C’. Arctica, Mont., Test. Brit. i, p. 201, 1803.
C’. eoccinella, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 404, 1822. Coq.
Viv. p. 189, pl. 52, f. 4—6. Britain.
12. T. exigua, Gray, Desc. Cat. Cyp. p. 15, 1832.
CSE epe 118, si. 35.
C. tremeza, Ducl., Mag. de Zool. pl. 25, 1833. C. Ic. pl. 26,
sp. 148. Cog. Viv. p. 154, pl. 55, f. 4.
C. gemmula, Gld., Proc. Bost. Soe. ii, p. 27, 1845.
Sandwich I.—Caledonia.

=

@

ie)

* Closely allied to 7. producta, Gask.
t The distinctness of this species is somewhat doubtful.

33

206

13. T. formosa, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 198, 1835.
Ce Te.pl. 23, sp. 182-- C. T. £. 151. Con: Virzep: 43870

pl. 52, f. 3. Cape of Good Hope.
14. T. fusca, Desc. Cat. p. 15.
Gr he, pl 24. ap. 134. 2C. Mt. 87. Gallipagos I.

15, T. Gaskoinii, Roberts.
C. suleata, Gask. (non Dillw.), Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 95, 1848.
Manilla.
16. T. globosa, Gray, Desc. Cat. p. 14, 1832.
Cile: pl. 26, sp. 152) CML aa)
C. pilula, Kien., Coq. Viv, p. 151, pl. 54, f. 2.
West Indies—China Seas ?

17. T. grando, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 96, 1848. Manilla.

18. T. insecta, Mighels, Proc. Bost. Soe. ii, p. 24, 1845.
C’. hordacea, Kien., Coq. Viv. p. 149, pl. 54, f. 5.
Sandwich Islands.
19. T. Maugeriz, Gray, Desc. Cat. p. 18, 1832.
Cle pl 2d sp. 119, -C:. tl f 20. Gallipagos.

20. T. napolina, Ducl., Coq. Viv. p. 144, pl. 53, f. 8.
C. Ic. pl. 26, sp. 149.
C. obscura, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 94, 1848. Senegal.

21. T. oniscus, Lam., An. du Mus. xvi, p. 103, 1810.

> fe. pl. 20, & 111. -CeTikysp. LOOSE 132 Googe Vav-
p- 134, pl. 51, f. 2.
C aperta, Swn. (non Gray), Zool. Jour. iii, p. 571, 1827.

Cape of Good Hope.

22. T. ovula, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 898, 1822.
Coie! pl: 20,.sp. 112... C. Tl. £145." “Coqa Viv. p. tsa,
plybd, ts Cape of Good Hope.

23. T. Pacifica, Gray, Desc. Cat. p. 15, 1832.
C. Te. pl. 25,eep.1143.) (C. ay f.989., Coq: Viv. tp eee
pl. 45, f. 2. Gallipagos.

24. T. pediculus,* Rumph., Amb. Rarit. pl. 39, f. P, 1705.

*The shell C. nivea, figured by Reeve, C. lc. pl. 24, sp. 136, is the
C. oryza, Lam., which is 7. pediculus, Rumph. The C. oryza figured
by Reeve, C. Ic. pl. 24, sp. 140, is the 7. scabriuscula, Gray. The same
error occurs in Sowerby’s Conch. Illus. M. Kiener has confounded
the two species 7. scabriéuscula, Gray (Coq. Viv. pl. 43, f. 3), and 7.
oryza, Lam. (Coq. Viv. pl. 52, f. 2); the figures should be reversed.
The true C. nzvea, Gray (Zool. Jour. i, p. 511), is a white variety of C.
turdus, Lam., and has been placed in the synonymy of the latter species,
see Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 98.

207

C. oryza, Lam. An. du Mus. xvi, p. 104, 1810.
QO. nivea, Sol., Dilw. Cat. i, p. 466, 1817.
(1. pediculus, Linn. (in part), Syst. Nat. p. 1180, 1767.

Ticao.
20. . pellucidula, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 23, 1846.
= ic pl., 26, sp. los. South Pacific.
26. ‘ pisum, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 24, 1846.
C. Ie. pl. 26, sp. 154. Hast Indies.
ie, producta, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1835, }. 200; 1848,
p. ¥8
C. lie pl. Blspe lorry. tn tbo. | Cogn Wi. p.) keos
pl. 53, f. 5. Hab.—?

28. T. pulex, Sol., Zool. Jour. iii, p. 368, 1827.
Cote: pl. 20, sp. 145. ©. Til. sp. 123, f. 32. Cog. Viv.
p. LEZ eps oe. f. 1. Mediterranean.

29. T. pulla, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 24; 1848, p.
lle

Cle pl. 26, sp: 150. Gallipagos Islands.
30. T. quadripunctata, Gray, Zool Jour. iii, p. 368, 1827.
Cie ples), sp.ito.. CO: I spe it6. 4. 33.
C’. rotunda, Kien., Coq. Viv. p. 141, pl. 53, f, 2
“West Indies.
ob T. pact Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 402, 1822.
Crile pk Al: sp. ir Cent Sp.wlogs te 146. Coq. Viv.

p. 129, pl. 3, f. O8 Masala teas
32. T. rubescens, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 185, 1832.
GF fer pl.:25, sp: 141. Gallipagos Islands.

33. T. rubinicolor, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 200, 1835.
Come. ple zo. sp. 140." Cf 150:
04, T. sanguinea, Gray, Desc. Cat. p. 14, 1832.
Oeil spe lls; £32. °C. Tc. pl. 23, f. 127.
C’. lathyrus, Dutr. , Cog: Viv. p. 146, pl. 22, °f. A.
Mazatlan—Ecuador.
30. T. scabriuscula,* Gray, Zool. Jour. iii, p. 364, 1827.
C. intermedia, Wien., Coq. Viv. pl. 54, f. 1. African Coast.

36. T. Solandri, Gray, C. Ill. sp. 128, f. 43, 1837.
C. Ic. pl. 21, sp. 113. Cog. Viv. p. 180, pl. 47, f. 3.
Pacifie Ocean.
o7. T. spherula, Mighels, Proc. Bost. Soe. ii, p. 24, 1848.
Oahu.

* See remarks ander 7. pedzculus, Rumph.

208

38. T. subrostrata, Gray, Zool. Jour. iii, p. 363, 1827.
C. Ic, pl. 26, sp. 147. :2G@. 1s £7386. Coq: Virespadag:
pl. 45, f. 3. West Indies.
39. T. suffusa, Gray, Desc. Cat. Cyp, p. 16, 1882.
Gell. sp. 126, f. 41. C. Te. pl. 25, sp. 142:
West Indies.
40. T. sulcata, Dilw. (non Gask.), Cat. i, p. 466, 1817.

C’. pediculus, Linn. (in part), Syst. Nat. p. 1180, 1767. C. Ic.
pl. 23, sp. 181. C. Ill. sp. 124, f. 148,153. Coq. Viv.
prts2, pl 40, ff. 2. '

C’. labiosa, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 202, 1835.

West Indies.
41, T. vesicularis, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 203, 1835.
Grltcapl.20, sp: 108." 'C. Tot. 120) toe:
Cape of Good Hope.
42. T. vitrea, Gask., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 95, 1848.
Philippines.

Fam. AMPHIPERASIDAi.

Genus AMPHIPERAS, Gron.
Zoophylacium, 1781.
Ovulum, Brug., Eneye. Meth. 1791.
Simnea,* Risso, Hist. Nat. Europe. Merid.

1, A. Adamsii, Sowb., C. Ic. pl. 5, sp. 24, 1865.
O. marginatum, Ad. (non Sowb.), Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 30,
1854. New Caledonia.

9, A. alabaster, Sowb., C. Ic. pl. 5, sp. 23, 1865. — Senegal.
3, A. bimaculata, Ad., Proc. Zoul. Soc. p. 131, 1854.

Gs ter pl-ossp. 11. New Caledonia.
4, A. brevis, Sowb., Thes. ii, p. 469, pl. 101, f. 70, 71,
1855.

©.le. pls 2; sp... Cog. Viv. p- 12) pia, a. 3:
. Australia.

*T agree with Mr. Tryon in his statement in the Am. Jour. Conch , Vol.
i, p. 95, and consider the genus Simnea, Risso, as a synonym of Amphipe-
ras, Gron. ‘I'he two species referred to it, viz., S. aperta, Sowb., and S.
patula, Pennant, are undoubtedly young shells.

The former closely resembles V. berostris, jun., Linn., and has been
placed in its synonymy, and the latter, A. patula, with A. Adriatica,
Sowb., as its synonym.

209
5. A. bulla, Ad. and Rve., Mol. Voy. Sam. p. 21, pl. 6, f. 5,
1850.

Gr lerpl. 5,sp: 20. China Seas.
6. A. bullata, Ad. and Rve., Mol. Voy. Sam: p. 25, ;pl00s
13, 1850.

—

OMica pl. 6) sp: 2

@. A. carnea, Poiret, Voy. En. Barb. ii, p. 21, 1789.
Coic.-pl. 4, sprit CogiViy..p. 10) pl. & £, 29 Pes

O: Singapore.

Hep ACL pl. 101, fyvaed. 7. Mediterranean Sea.
8. A. concinna, Ad. and Rve., Mol. Voy. Sam. p. 22, pl. 6,
f. 8; 1850.
C.cle. pl. 5; sp. 21... Thes. it, p:,461, pl. 1015 £86) 87.
Philippines.
9. A. dentata, Ad. and Rve., Mol. Voy. Sam. p. 21, pl. 6, f.
4, 1850.

€; te: pl 8; sp. 364 -Thes: ii; p.'478, pl: LOT, £/ 208, 102:
Caramenta Passage.

10. A. dorsuosa, Hinds, Mol. Voy. Sul. p. 47, pl. 16, f. 3, 4,
1844.

C. Ic. pl. 6, f. 27. Thes. ii, p. 473, pl. 101, f. 97, 98.
Straits of Malacca.
11. A. frumenta, Sowb., Spec. C. pt. 1, p. 7, f. 3, 1880.
Cyler pl. 6, sp. 255, Coq. Viv. p: /20s9nl6;'h b= - Thee
yp. 444, pl. LO 103, 104. Hab.—?
12. A. frutica, Ad., MSS. C. Ic. pl. 4, f. 16, 1865.
Malacca.

13. A. lactea, Lam., An. sans Vert. vii, p. 368, 1822.
Cplexpiel, ££. Cog. Viv. p./8, pl.'6, f. 1 Dhesaaape

468, pl. 101, f. 67—69. Philippines.
14. A. margarita, Sowb., Thes. ii, p. 469, pl. 101, f. 93, 94,
1855.
Crlewpls, spe 10. Cog. Vivi-p: 11) plsitifiae
Philippines.

15. A. marginata, Sowb. (non Adams), Spee. C. pt. 1, p. 5,
f. 15, 16, 1830.
Cr le-plZ.2p-'3;, Cog. Viv. p. 1, phate. eee a4

16. A. nubeculata, Ad. and Rve., Mol. Voy. Sam. p. 23, pl.
6, f. 12, 1850.
C. Ie: pli 3; sp. 12.. ‘Thesf pa 47, pl, 101). 80,).Sile
Eastern Seas.

210

17. A. ovum, Rumph., Amb. Rarit. pl. 38, f. Q, 1705.
O. coum, Minn., Syst. Nat.p. 103171767. C. Teopl sp
pun Phes. ii, p. 467, pl. 9954) 13.
O. alba, Schum., Nouv. Syst. p. 258, 1817.
O. oviformis, Lam., An. du Mus. xvi, p. 110, 1811.
Moluceas.

18. A. patula, Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv, p. 117, pl. 70, f. 86,
MEE:

C: te. pl. 7; sp: 80> "Cage Viv. p. 6, ples, f. 4: Thess
p. 479, p. 101, f. 105—113.

O. Adriaticum, Sowb., Thes. ii, p. 470, pl. 99, f. 18, 14,

1855. Torbay—Sicily.

19. A. PURE tat Ducl., Guer. Mag. p. 7, pl. 7, f. 1, 1830.
Gxle: pl..o,sp. 22. Coq.Viv. .p. 13, pl. 5, f..38. 9 Thes:

tip. Ai teepl LO4, f. 90—92. Isle of Bourbon.
20. A. pudica, Ad., Proe. Zool. Soc. p. 181, 1854.
C.cke.. pl. 2, sp. 0: New Caledonia.
21. A. pyriformis, Sowb., Spec. C. pt. 1, p. 5, f 21-23,
1830.

Gvlesipl: 2isp. 9. <Thes. ii, ps 470, ple 101, haar.
New South Wales.

22. A. pyrulina, Ad., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 131, 1854.
C. Ie. pl. 4, sp. 19. Jew Caledonia.

23. A. rhodia, Ad., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 130, 1854.
C. Ic. pl. 4, sp. 18. Japan.

24. A. scitula, Ad., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 131, 1854.
C. Ferpl:.65 £2.29; New Caledonia.

25. A. semistriata, Pse., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 241, 1862.
C.tc. pl. o,sp. 13, ° Am. Jour. Conch. ‘iy, p. 96, pl. Ula
16; Sandwich I.

96. A. striatula, Sowb., Spec. C. pt. 1, p. 7, pl. 88, 1830.
Cy tetrcpl. 6, sp. 28. "Dhesy u, p. 472, pl l0la£. 8835:
Batanzas—Philippine I.

27. A. tortilis, Martyn, (on Desh.), Univ. c. pl. 60, 1782.

etc: ply sl sspe. 4.

. angulosum, Lam., An. sans. Vert. vii, p. 367, 1822. Thes.
is pe4od, pl Oot -4os4 Cog. Vivepety plea. ar. aie

. columba, Schub. et Wag., pl. 228, f. 4013-4.

. costellata, Lam., An. du Mus. xvi, p. 110, 1810.

.imperialis, Dilw., Cat. p. 478, 1817, EE. Indies.

So 9 =O

211

28. A. triticea, Lam., An. du Mus. xvi, p. 111, 1810.
Cyc pe a epate. | Whes: 11, 474, pl. 100; f, 20) 20. Cogs
Virap: fo, pl. 6,rf.:3.
O. lepida, Dilw., Cat. p. 474, 1817.
29. A. umbilicata, Sowb., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 135, 1848.
C. Ic. pl. 3, sp. 14. Thes. ii, p. 469, pl. 101, f. 88, 89.
Philippines.
Genus CALPURNUS, Montf.
Conch. Syst., 1810.
1. C. verrucosus, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1182, 1767.
C. le. pl. A, sp..2.. Cog. Viv. p. 5, pl. 2, 1.3. .Rhess aap
468, pl. LO0ef..78, 12: Philippines.
Genus CYPHOMA, Bolten.
1798, teste Ad. Genera 1, p. 271.
1. C. emarginata, Sowb., Spec. C. pt. 1, p. 7, f. 54, 55, 1830.
Cr tere, sp: o4.- Coq. Viv. p. 18) ply sy; i 2.) lies:
i peste, pl. 99.7%. 11,12. St. Hlena.
2. C. gibbosa, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1183, 1767.
C. Te. pl. 7, sp. 32:, Cog. Viviep.27, pl. & f 2. hes, ii,
p. 479, pl. 99, f. 15, 19. West Indies—Coast of Brazil.
3. C. hordacea, Lam., An. du Mus. xvi, p. 112, 1810.
C. Ic. pl. 8, sp. 37. Coq. Viv. p. 16, pl. 6, f. 6, 6*. Thes.
i, py 21a, pl. LOt et. 110—112. HE. Archipelago.
4. C. intermedia, Sowb., Spec. C. pt. 1, p. 9, 1830.
C. Ic. pl. 7, sp. 33. Cog. Viv. p. 25, pl. 4, f. 2. Thes.

li, p. 479, pl. 100, f. 61, 62. Brazil.
9. C. Traillii, Ad., Proc. Zool. Soe. p- 222, 1855.
Cle. pl. 8, sp. a8. Malacea.

Genus VOLVA, Bolten, 1798.
1, V. acicularis, Lam., (non Sowb.), An. du Mus. xvi, p. 102,
810.

C. Ic. pl. 12, sp. 53. Thes. ii, p. 477, pl. 100, f. 48—46.

Coq. Viv. p. 21, pl. 5; f. 2. W. Indies.
2. V. acuminata, Ad. and Rve., Mol. Voy. Sam. p: at, pie
f. 1, 1850.

C. Ic. pl. 8, sp. 35. Thes. ii, p. 276, pl. 100, f. 49, 50.
Hastern Seas.
3. V. equale, Sowb., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 174, 1832.
Conch, Ill. Cat. Cyp. p. 18, f. 61. Panama.

219
4. V. Angasi, Ad., MSS. C. Ie. pl. 10, sp. 43, 1865.

Australia.

5. V. Antillarum, Sowb., C. Ic. pl. 14, sp. 64, 1865.
W. Indies.

6. V. arcuatum, Sowb., C. Ic. pl. 13, sp. 58, 1865.
Hab.—?
7. V. avena, Sowb., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 178, 1832.
Conch. Ill. Cat. Cyp. f. 59. St. Barbara—Panama.

8. V. birostris, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1182, 1767.
Cle. 20, a 45. Thes. ii, p. 480, pl. 100, f. 65, 66.
Coq: Vive pe 24, pl." o, 7.71.
O. brevirostris, Gala Nouv. Syst. p. 259, 1817.
O. aperta, Sowb., Thes. 11, p. 478, pl. 10t, 2. eG, aOR.

Singapore.

9. V. Borbonica, Desh., Cat. Moll. I. Reunion, p. 156, pl. 13,
f. 18—20, 1863. Bourbon.

10. V. Californica, Sowb., MSS., C. Ie. pl. 11, sp. 50, 1865.
California.

11. V. coarctata, Ad. & Rve., Mol. Voy. Sam. p. 21, pl. 6, f.

2, 1850.
C.' Te: pl. 13, sp: oT.’ Thes. 1, p..475, pl. 101, 4. 108 som:
Str. of Sunda.
12. V. deflexa, Sowb., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 186, 1848.
Ce Tewpl. 12,'sp: 56. Thes, ii, p. 478, pl. 100, f. 37, 38.
Ticao.
13. V. formicaria, Sowb., Spee. C. pt. 1, p. 8, 1880.
Clea plel2icspwd2s Phes. pip. 476; ipl. 100; 477 43:
Eastern Seas.
14. V. formosa, Ad. & Rve., Mol. Voy. Sam. p. 22, pl. 6, f.
6, 1850.
O. Ie. pl. 8, sp. 39. Thes. ii, p. 474, pl. 101, f. 99, 100.
Borneo.
15. V. gracilis, Ad. & Rve., Mol. Voy. Sam. p. 22, pl. 6, f.
11, 1850.
C. Te. pl. 18, sp. 61. Thes. ii, p. 481, pl. 100, f. 51, 53.
Borneo.
16, V. Indica, Sowb., C. Ic. pl. 11, sp. 47, 1865.
Bombay.
17. V. inflexa, Sowb., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 173, 1832.
Conch sill, CatoCyp. p. 13, £60: Gulf of Dulce.

18. V. lanceolata, Sowb., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 135, 1848.
C. Ic. pl. 13, sp. 59. Philippines.

215

19. V. livida, Sowb., C. Ic. pl. 14, sp. 63, 1865. — Panama.

20. V. longirostrata, Sowb., Spec. C. pt. 1, f. 46, 1830.
C. lcm, sp. 40. -Thes. i, p..481, pl. 100, f. 59, 60.

Coq. Viv. p. 25, pl. 5, f. 5. Adriatic Sea.
21. V. neglecta, C. B. Ad., An. Lyc. N. H.,v, p. 255, 1852.
wer pl. 145sps 62. Panama.

22. V. Nicensis, Risso, Eur. Merid. iv, p. 235, f. 150, 1826.

Mediterranean Sea.

23. V. obtusa, Sowb., Spec. C. pt. 1, p. 1, f. 34, 1830.
C. Ic. pl. 7. sp. 31. Thes. ii, p. 475, pl. 100, f. 22—24.

China.

24. V.‘Philippinarum, Sowb., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 136, 1848.
C. Ie. pl. 10. sp. 46. Thes. ii, p. 481, pl. 100, f. 57, 58
Philippines.

25. V. purpurea, Risso, Eur. Merid. iv, p. 235, 1826.
26. V. recurva, Ad. & Rve., Mol. Voy. Sam. p. 21, pl. 6,
1850.
C. Ic. pl. 12, ‘sp. 54. Thes. ii, p. 481, pl. 100, f. 54—56.
China Sea.

27. V. rosea, Ad., Proc. Zool. Soe. p. 180, 1854.

C. Ic. pl. 10, sp. 44. China Sea.
28. V. rufa, Sowb., Proc. Soe. Zool. p. 173, 18382.
Conch. Ill. Cat. Cyp. p. 17, f. 58. Caraceas.

29. V. secale, Sowb., Spec. C. pt. 1, f. 36, 1830.
C. Ic. pl. 14, sp. 66. Thes. ii, p. 475, pl. 100, f. 25—27.
Eastern Seas.
30. V. seminula, Sowb., Spec. C. pt. 1, f. 40, 1830.
C2 le--pl.11, sp. 48. Thes. ti, p: 475, pl. 100, 1,41, 42.
~ Friendly Islands.
31. V. similis, Sowb., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 136, 1848.
Cale pl ii sp: 49. “'Thes. 11; p..475, pl. 100,128) 29:
Hab.—?

32. V. spelta, Linn., Syst. Nat. p, 1182, 1767.
C. Ic. pl. 10, sp. 42. Thes. ii, p. 480, pl. 100, f. 68, 64.
Coq. Viv. p. 22, pl. 5, f. 4.

Mediterranean Sea—Pacifie Ocean.

33. V. subreflexa, Ad. & Rve., Mol. Voy. Sam. p. 22, pl. 6,
f. 10, 1850.
C. Ic. pl. 12, sp. 55. Thes. ii, p. 480, pl. 100, f. 83, 34.
Bilaton.

214

34. V. subrostrata, Sowb., Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 186, 1848.

C. Ic. pl. 14, sp. 65. Thes. ii, p. 477, pl. 100, f. 39, 40.
Honduras.

35. V. uniplicata, Sowb., Proc. Zool. Soe. p. 135, 1848.

C. Ic. pl. 11, sp. 51. Thes. ii, p. 478, pl. 100, f. 30—S2.
So. Carolina—Creorgia.
36. V. variabilis, C. B. Ad., An. Lyc. N. H. v. p. 255, 1852.
G. Te.; pl. L3,<sp. 60. Cape St. Lucas.

37. V. volva, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 1182, 1767.
C. Ic. pl. 9, sp. 41. Thes. ii, p. 482, pl. 99, f. 6—8. Coq.
Vay. p26, pl. 4,-4. 1, Philippines.

VALUABLE WORKS ON CONCHOLOGY

FOR SALE.

1. American Journal of Conchology, Vol. 1, 1865. Containing 400
pages, illustrated by 31 colored and plain lithographic plates and por-
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2. American Journal of Conchology, Vol. 2, 1866. Containing 400
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x» Full tables of contents of the above two volumes forwarded to those
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3. Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States.
With illustrations of all the Species. By George W. Tryon, Jr. This
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following styles:

Ist. Plain edition, printed on fine calendered paper, with uncolored

plates, Price, $8.50.
2d. Colored edition, same paper, plates finely colored, Price, $13.50.
3d. Fine edition, on very heavy plate paper, with duplicate plates, plain
on tinted paper, and finely colored, Price, $20.00.

4. TRYON, GEO. W., Jr., Synonymy ofthe Species of Strepoma-
tide (Melanians) of the United States, with critical observations
on their Affinities, and Descriptions of Land, Fresh Water and Marine
Mollusca. 8vo, over 100 pp., with lithographic plates. 1865.

Cloth, $2.00. Paper, $1.75.

CONTENTS: Contributions towards a Monography of the Order Pholadacea, with Descriptions of

New Species. Descriptions of two new Species of Fresh Water Mollusca from Punama. Des-
eription of anew Exotic Melania. Descriptions of new Species of Fresh Wuter Mollusca be-
longing to the Families Amnicolidx, Valvatide and Limneide, inhabiting California. De-
scription of a new Species of Pleurocera. Description of a new Species of Teredo, from New
Bedford. Mass. Descriptions of two new Species of Mexican Land Shells. Synonymy of the
Species of Strepomatidx, Parts 1, 2,3, 4 and Supplement.

The Edition is very limited—only 75 copies. Early application will, therefore, be necessary to

secure the work.

5. RAFINESQUE, C. S., Complete Writings on Recent and Fossil
Conchology. Edited by William G. Binney and Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.
8vo. 1864. With lithographic plates. Price, $2.50.

This is the only edition ot Rafinesque’s Complete Writings ever published, and contains reprints
of many papers, which had been entirely forgotten by naturalists.

6. TRYON, GEO. W,., Jr., List of American Writers on Recent

Conchology, with the Titles of their Memoirs and Dates of Publication.
8vo. 1860. Printed on fine plate paper. Cloth, $2.00. Paper, $1.75.

7. TRYON, GEO. W., Jr., Monograph of the Order Pholadacea,
and other Papers. 8vo, 127 pp., with plates. 1862.
Cloth, $2.00. Paper, $1.75.
Contains Monographs of the Families Gastrochwnide. Pholadidz, and Teredid. History of
American Conchology, and Descriptions of new Species of Fresh Water and Marine Shells.

x*y A discount of 20 per cent. will be allowed from the above prices, to Members

x

of the Conchological Section and to Booksellers. Apply to

‘“ConcHoLogicaL Section ACADEMY or Natura Sciences, Philadelphia,”
Or to its Agents—see Ist page of this cover.

co

Cc
CO NaN nee
PAGE
1. Record of Meetings: D backin cros sieence sss a'.eeess dele /sicteet can chichde te ae ee ete 117
_2..0On the Pterocere of Lamarck, and their Mutual Relations.
Seems) PHeedore- Gill, IW We cate ecko rede vesia sere nad. scceee sédeeds smcceeeceene 120
. Materials for a Monograph of the Family Lepetide. By
Win. Ee Dalles oes b, Sp edistesaede SeeeMess eabsnouslnsit ess unaiveese _asagmaleceane 140
4. On the Land and Fresh-Water Mollusca of Nicaragua. By
aI PH DAG ss <2 se swoasls ccle=te vas os'esanneeeeetenes cide (DOOEAAOL SCCOUDCOROESEED Gacd2 151
5. Descriptions of New Species of Marine Mollusca. By Wes-
ley, Newcomb, M. Dr... ssa... Erinjciee so hicisiessoeieseacleoscsee ea teeeeeeee eee 163
6. Description of a New American Helix. By Wesley Newcomb,
uh) D BAR aa dnspoatyis ldnnecpdecnawbedssadbiacencubets sussnngadstsee eetee eam eae at
7. Catalogue of the Shells of the Coosa River, Alabama. By |
James Le Wis MD sacks cca vcees owe newaoacesac cece ddciecclereaeaneese tacecm eee 166
8. Descriptions of New Species of Marine Bivalve Mollusca
in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences.
Byw Georgie n Ws cUryOuytysccsscsescon -odecdenoeesertestetseeerces aie eee eee 170

9. Notices and Reviews of New Conchological Works. By
George Wer Lryvomaditcs.-sccces 2 GES DHBOCCDCOSENGOOO Bricaaeed Bese ecaoe said bon 173

I, AMERIcCAN.— Binney’s Pulmonata of North America.

IL. Forriey.—British—Reports of the British Assoc. for the Advancement of Science.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Jeffreys’ british Conchology. Wood-
ward’s Manual of the Mollusca. Conchologia Iconica.

French.—Cat. des Mollusques des Mers d’Europe, par Petit de la Saussaye. Faune
Malacologique de Belgique, par F. de Malzine. Journal de Conchyliologie.

German.—Malakozoologische Blatter. Pfeiffer’s Monographia Heliceorum Viyen-
tium. Novitates Conchologice.

APPENDIX.
10. Catalogue of the Families Porcellanidw# and Amphiperaside.
By sy DoMOD ORGS escsss-sececc00 cose slaces see sede) kis ncoe’e’s sals'e aves ree eae mm eR
— = : < =

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Published at $10 per Annum—Payable in Advance.

AMERICAN

SOURNAL

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WANTED TO EXCHANGE,

Land, Fresh-water and Marine SHELLS of AUSTRALIA for those of any
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Apply to Dr. JAMES C. COX,
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yin: New South Wales.

TO EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND COLLECTORS.

The subscriber offers FOR SALE his private collection of the Shells and
Mollusks of California and the adjacent States. The series embraces about
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best collection of West Coast Shells extant, except the California State Cabi-
net. Address

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San Francisco, Cal.,
Or E. J. NOLAN, M. D.,
2t. Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila.

TO CONCHOLOGES LS.

FOR SALE, 2 very large collection of BOOKS relating to Conchology ;
also several thousand named species of SHELLS.
The above being duplicates, we are anxious to dispose of them at very low
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AMERICAN

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

NEW, SE RIBS.

PUBLISHED BY THE

CONHOLOGICAL SECTION of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Vor V. 1869-70. Part 4,

Meeting Nov. 4th, 1869.
Ten members present.
Dr. RuscHENBERGER, Director, in the Chair.

Donations to the Museum and Library were announced.

The following papers were offered for publication in the Jour-
nal, and referred to committees:

‘“Notes on West Coast Land Shells, No. 2.” By J. G.
Cooper, M. D.

‘““Qn a new Californian Helicoid Land Shell.” By J. G.
Cooper, M. D.

Mr. Tryon called attention tospecimens of Amnicola grana, Say,
from Carter Co., Missouri, presented to the Section by Mr. John
Wolf, of Canton, Ills. This very minute species was apparently
unknown to Prof. Haldeman, who, in his monograph of the genus,
merely quotes Say’s original description and citation of locality,
and does not figure it. The species was for years considered a
doubtful one, until Mr. Tryon had re-discovered it, some six or
eight years since, in considerable numbers in ditches in the
southern part of the City of Philadelphia, near League Island,

14

194 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Specimens were sent to most of the prominent American Con-
chologists, many of whom informed him that it was new to their
collections. The specimens presented this evening indicate that
the species has a large area of distribution.

Meeting Dec. 2d, 1869.
Seven members present.
Dr. RUSCHENBERGER, Director, in the Chair.

Several donations to the Museum and Library were announced.

The following papers were presented for publication :

“ Descriptions of three new species of shells.’”’ By John Wolf.

‘Notices and Reviews of new Conchological Works.’ By
Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.

The Annual Reports of the Recorder, Secretary, Conservator,
Librarian and Publication Committee were read. (See Ap-
pendix.)

The following gentlemen were elected to serve as Officers and
Committees of the Section during the ensuing year : .

OFFICERS.

DrREctoR, . : W.S. W. RUSCHENBERGER, M.D.
Vice DIREcToR, . GEO. W. TRYON, Jr.

RECORDER, . : S. R. ROBERTS.
TREASURER, . WM. L. MACTIER.
SECRETARY, . ; REV. E. R. BEADLE.

CONSERVATOR, : K. J. NOLAN, M. D.

COMMITTEES.
1. Library. 7. Terrestrial Mollusca, (oper-
E. J. Nouan, M, D., Librarian, culate.)
C. F. PARKER, JoHN H. REDFIELD, Ch’n,
Gro. W. TRYON, JR. E. R. BEADLE, -
Wm. L. Mactrer.
2. Publication. 8. Fluviatile Grasteropoda.
Gro. W. Tryon, JR., Editor, C. M. WuEatuEy, Ch’n,
S. R. Rorerts, S. S. HaLpremay,

K. J. Nouan, M. D. F. A. Hassuur, M. D.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 195

3. Finance. 9. Fluviatile Acephala.
W.S.W.RuscHENBERGER,C’hn,Isaac Lea, Ch’n,
W.S. Vaux, Wo. L. Mactizr,
W. P. Witstacu. Cuas. M. WHEATLEY.

4. Embryology and Anatomy. 10. Marine Gasteropoda.
Jos. Lerpy, M. D., Ch’n, S. R. Rozerts, Ch’n,

EK. D. Cops, C. F. Parker,

S. B. Howe tt, M. D. JOHN Forp.

5. Cephalopoda, Pteropoda and 11. Marine Acephala.
Brachiopoda. T. A. Conrad, Ch’n,

S. B. Howe, M. D., Ch’n, Joun 8. PHILLIPS,

T. A. Conrad, -Samu. Lewis, M. D.

Gro. W. Tryon, JR.

6. Terrestrial Mollusca, (non- 12. Paleontology.
operculate.) T. A. Conrad, Ch’n,

Wm. G. BINNEY, W. M. Gass,

C. F. Parker, K. D. Cope.

C. W. PEALE.

13. Lectures and Prizes.

JosEPH Leipy, M. D., Ch’n,
W.S. W. RuscHEenBereer, M. D.,
Isaac Lia.

196 AMERICAN JOURNAL

ON A NEW CALIFORNIAN HELICOID LAND SHELL.
BY J. G. COOPER, M.D.

DapaLocuita Harrorpi1aNna, Cooper.—Plate 17, fig. 8.

Sp. ch. D. testa levi, discoidea, planulata, translucente, luteo-
cornea; anfr. 6, superne planatis, lente accrescentibus, ult. an-
tice breviter deflexo; umbilico lato, ad apicem pervio, anfr. 5-
monstrante ; apert. obliqua, lunato-ovali; perist. superne de-
presso, albo, incrassato, dentibus duobus inflectis, uno supra
medium parietis externi, altero basali; marginibus callo valido
junctis; dente crasso triangulari in medio parietis interni, ob-
lique inflecto, subhorizontaliter sito; diam. maj. 0-40, min. 0°35,
alt. 0-16 cent. poll. Angl.

Animal albidum, dorso tentaculisque oculiferis nigris, pede
longo postice cuneiformi.

Hab.—Fresus County, California, in sylvis Big Trees dictis,
alt. 6500 ped. Angl. supra mare, lat. 87° N. Invenit beatus
W. G. W. Harford.

Specific characters.—Shell smooth, discoid, flattened, translu-
cent, yellowish corneous ; whorls six, flat above, slowly increas-
ing, the last a little deflexed near the end; umbilicus broad,
pervious to the apex, showing five whorls; aperture oblique,
lunate-oval; peristome depressed, white, thickened, with two in-
flected teeth, one above the middle of the external wall, the
other basal; margin joined by a thick callus; a strong triangu-
lar tooth on the middle of the body-whorl ; obliquely inflected
and nearly horizontal ; diam. maj. ete.

Animal white, the ee and eye-bearing tentacles black, foot
long, posteriorly wedge-shaped.
Remarks.—This is the first of the genus found in California,

and is very interesting in many particulars. Above and be-
neath it almost exactly resembles D. polygyrella, Bld. and Cp.,

OF CONCHOLOGY. 197

excepting a flatter and smoother upper surface, one whorl less,
and a slightly narrower umbilicus. It has, however, no trace of
internal teeth, as proved by an immature specimen; the parietal
tooth differs in form, and it has two labial teeth situated as in
Triodopsis. These connect it with D. Behrii, Gabb, of Guay-
mas, which has only five whorls, stronger teeth and a non-pervi-
ous umbilicus, showing but 14 whorls.

The animal does not differ externally from that of Trtodopsis
loricata from the same region, except that this is black.

The great altitude at which this is found is remarkable for the
genus, as snow falls there several feet deep. It is interesting
also in connection with the occurrence of the allied polygyrella
in lat. 47° and alt. about 3000 feet. Its chief distribution is
probably more southern, as only two were found, one immature.

198 AMERICAN JOURNAL

DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF SHELLS.
BY JOHN WOLF.

VERTIGO TRIDENTATA, Wolf. Plate 17, fig. 1.

Description.—Shell narrowly ovate, amber-colored, highly
polished; whorls 5, smooth, with three teeth in the mouth, one
on the middle of the lower lip and one on each side, forming a
a regular triangle.

Canton, Illinois.

Abundant in shady copses on green weeds, climbing as high as
three feet from the ground. I collected 12,000 from standing
weeds and not one from the ground, although it was searched
well to find them.

PYRGULA SCALARIFORMIS, Wolf. Plate 17, fig. 3.

Description.—Shell turrited, slender ; whorls 6, chalky white ;
suture deeply impressed ; carinate its entire length on the lower
edge of the whorls; mouth small, ovate, but slightly connected
with the last whorl. Length ths of an inch.

Post Pliocene: abundant on the Tazewell shore of the Illinois
River.

This is the first American species of the genus.
LimngeA TAZEWELLIANA, Wolf. Plate 17, fig. 2.

Description.—Shell turrited, slender; whorls 7, convex; su-
ture deeply impressed, umbilicate; mouth elliptical, small.
Length 3 of an inch.

Post Pliocene, Tazewell side, Illinois River.

Allied to L. caperata, Say, but more slender and turrited.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 199

NOTES ON WEST COAST LAND SHELLS.

Not. EE:
BY J. G@. COOPER, M. D.

The last article by me on this subject, published in Vol. IV,
Part 4, p. 211, gave a sketch of the distribution of Helicoid
land shells as known to me up to August, 1868, with some notes
on other relations of the species.*

I now propose to give such additional information on all the
land shells as has accumulated since the writing of previous
articles.

My synopsis in the Proc. Cal. Acad. Sciences, Sept., 1867,
gave 50 species of Helicoid shells west of the Rocky Mountains,
between latitudes 49° and 35° north. I can now add two new
species from Nevada and Utah, two from California (one of a
new genus), two more new to this State, and also define five
well-marked varieties or subspecies. The recent annexation of
Alaska has also added one or two to the west-coast fauna, besides
a Vitrina and a Zua, first enumerated as such by R. E. C.
Stearns in the Proc. Cal. Acad. ili, 884, and published May,
1868. <A new Californian Leucocheila is also indicated.

The measurements here given are in hundredths of an inch, as
in my Synopsis.

Additions to the west-coast list since 1867 have their names
printed in small capitals.

With respect to the classification of mollusca by characters
derived wholly from their soft parts or the internal organs, [
may remark that too much importance seems to be attached to

* Previous papers by me, relating to them, are, the “ Geographical
Catalogue of West Coast Mollusca,” April, 1867, and others in Proc. Cal.
Acad. Sciences, vol. ii, pp. 62, 259, 294, 331.

+ The map accompanying the article on Distribution in Vol. IV was
engraved without my seeing a proof, and the artist has omitted most of
the reference marks given in the explanation on p.238. A close attention
to the account of localities, etc., will, however, generally make up for this
unfortunate omission.

200 AMERICAN JOURNAL

their being herbivorous, carnivorous or omnivorous, as shown by
the lingual dentition or jaws, since it is well known that these
divisions are characteristic chiefly of the higher animals of each
class. Many land species feed on fungi which are nearly as
much animal as vegetable in nature, and nearly all devour each
other when starving.

As to the caudal mucous gland, it is certainly of much less
importance than the shell, and if made the basis of some family
divisions, why not found all the families on the mucous glandular
system only ?

Succinea Stretehiana, Bland. Specimens found by Harford
and Dunn at Clark’s Ranch, near the forks of Merced river,
Mariposa Co., at 4270 feet elevation, are more elongated than
the type figured, resembling small specimens of Oregonensis, Lea.
Its first discovery west of the Sierra Nevada.

Suceinea Silimani, Bland. Found at Stockton by Mr. Dunn,
and at Marsh’s Ranch, east of Mt. Diablo, by Mr. Rowell, not
rare. Small ones are very like S. NMuttalliana, Lea, which has
before been reported from San Joaquin valley. Before found
only at Humboldt Lake.

Succinea lineata, W. G. Binney. Bleached specimens from
near Salt Lake City found by Dr. Beraz, cannot be distinguished
in form from the above, but show no spiral lines. They are un-
commonly heavy.

VITRINA PELLUCIDA, Mill. ?

Whorls 3, greenish, spire more elevated, but base flatter than
in V. Pfeiffert ; diam. 0°20, axis 0-05, alt. 0-075. Lower and
broader than V. angelice or limpida.

Specimens brought from Ounalaska by Mr. Harford differ as
above from both the western form and the eastern V. limpida.
Although smaller than most Kuropean specimens, they appear to
agree otherwise, and Middendorff gives that species as circum-
polar (Sibiriens Reise, pp. 273—308, 1851). He also mentions
Succinea putris, but no species of the genus has been found in
Alaska recently. According to Morch, he includes S. Gren-
landica.*

Vitrina Pfetfferi, Newe. Has been found by Mr. C. D. Voy
in Shasta Valley, Siskigon Co., and in Klamath Co., at 6000

feet elevation on Coast Mts. Also by Mr. Harford at Big Tree
Meadows, Mariposa and Fresno counties, about 6500 feet high.

* This Journal, iv, p. 31.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 201

Binneya notabils, Cp. The colored copies of Mr. Tryon’s
Monograph represent the white mucous summer envelope as
colored, instead of the figure of the animal in motion. I madea
careful colored drawing of it when alive, which may yet be pub-
lished.

Hyalina arborea, Say? Given in the Geograph. Catal., but
accidentally omitted in the Synopsis. : Numerous specimens
found by Harford and Dunn at Clark’s Ranch differ from New
York examples only in being slightly higher, and flatter beneath,
but the range of variation in this species is enough to include
them. I found a few in rotten stumps west of Johnson’s Pass,
lat. 39°, at an elevation of 3650 to 5000 feet (this Journal, iv,
p- 226), but confounded them with H. Breweri, supposing the
difference due to difference of station, the latter living on sticks
In open swamps.

Hyalina Breweri, Newe. Specimens found by me at Hunter’s
Point, San Francisco Co., differ from the types from near Lake
Taho only in being smaller and flatter. Having found them in-
side dead shells of A. arrosa, I suspect that they sometimes de-
vour the dead animals of the large species. The Binneya, hav-
ing a shell like Yestacella, may also be found hereafter in dead
snail shells.*

Conulus fulvus, Drap.? The specimens brought by Harford
from Ounalaska and Sitka were referred by Stearns to this in-
stead of C. chersinus, Say, supposing them the same. Midden-
dorf also calls it cireumpolar, but I have none for comparison.

PSEUDOHYALINA MazaTuAnica, Pfeiff. (Tryon.)

Whorls 4, larger, smoother and less elevated than P. conspecta,
Bld. Diam. 0°10, axis 0°03. (The larger diameter given by me
in the Synopsis belongs to this species.) My attention was first
called to the difference in the two by Rev. J. Rowell. Both
occur together in rotten oak stumps near San Francisco (Lone
Mountain).

Ps. milium, Morse. Pronounced identical with his species by
Mr. Morse, though I could not detect “revolving grooves” in
our specimen with the highest magnifiers.

*Hyalina pura, Alder, is given by Middendorf as circumpolar, but the
species has not yet been detected in Alaska as far as known. Vallonia
pulchella, Miill., is also given by him, perhaps confounding V. menuta,
Say, from the American side. The minute circumpolar genera may have
migrated from one continent to the other, but the higher Helicoids of the
temperate zone could not, during the present forms of the continents.

202 AMERICAN JOURNAL

PATULA RUDERATA, Studer ?

Whorls 4, dark corneous brown, subdepressed, umbil. moderate,
growth-ribs strong; diam. 0-20, height 0°12. Narrower than
P. striatella, much rougher, and higher in proportion; umbil.
narrower and color darker. Specimens from Ounalaska, brought
by Harford, were referred doubtfully to this species, which is
given by Middendorf as Siberian. They differ from Gould's
“H. pauper” of Japan, which he supposes to be the Siberian
‘“‘ruderata,” but I have none of the latter for comparison.

P. striatella, Anth. The elevation given in my Synopsis as
0:15 should be 0:10. P. Cronkhitet, Newe., found only near
Klamath Lake and Mt. Shasta, is more strongly ribbed, flatter,
and almost subcarinate in the periphery.

** Hetix HaybDeENII,” Gabb (this Journal, v, p. 24), appears
from the description to be of the same group as Ldahoensis
(Anguispira?). ‘Helix Hemphillii,’’ Newe., allied to Coopert,
has, I learn, been lately described from White Pine, Nev.

AMMONITELLA YATESII, Cp.

The figures in Amer. Jour. of Conchology (vol. iv, part 4, pl.
18, f. 1, 2, 3) are incorrect in being reversed, having been copied
from the necessarily reversed drawing made by me on wood.
The smaller one is also distorted, and the enlarged one of the
mouth made angular instead of uniformly rounded.

Another dead specimen has been received from the same cave

by Mr. H. P. Carlton.

Genus HELIX, Linn.

Although H. and A. Adams, like others, give pomatia as the
type of this genus, it cannot strictly be considered so since the
division of the Linnean genus, unless he used it as such in some
work published before 1760, for the Systema Naturz makes the
first section of the genus consist of species ‘‘ angulated on both
sides”’ (including Planorbis and such forms). That genus hav-
ing been previously named by Guettard, must be eliminated, and
then the first terrestrial species described is H. cornu-militare,
which thus becomes the type of the genus. It has been put in
Helicogena, Fer., Eurycratera, Beck, and Liostoma, Sw. (teste
Jay’s Cat.), but the law of priority seems to demand its restora-
tion to the head of the genus and family.*

* Since writing the above I have received this Journal, Vol. iv, Part
4, in which my inquiry, “‘ What is the type of Helix?” is partly answered
by Mr. Tryon by saying that in the 12th Ed. of the Syst. Nat. the first
species under Helzx belongs to Scarabus, the second is lapzcida. He

OF CONCHOLOGY. 203

To use Helix for all Helicoid species collectively, as is done
now by many even eminent authors, is quite inadmissible by the
rules of scientific nomenclature, even when the vast group thus
included is divided into numerous subgenera. These should pro-
perly be called genera, at least in most cases, even when the
differences depend only on characters of the shells.

If some one having the authorities at command will publish a
table of all the generic names ever given to them, with the date
of each, and name of first species, or of any other specified as
type, itis probable that nearly all may yet become of use in
making classifications or arranging cabinets. Our species cer-
tainly do not belong to Helix, and it is necessary to use some
other generic names for them. For Aglaia (thrice preoccupied)
H. and A. Adams use Lysinoe, of which the type seems to be L.
Ghiesbreghti, Nyst, of Mexico, very much like fidelis.

Arionta (arbustorum), though differing from the nearest allied
of our species in its contracted mouth and want of rough sculp-
ture, is near enough to be used for them until distinctions are.
found in the animals.

At the time of writing the Synopsis of West Coast Helicoid
Land Shells, I had not seen Morch’s articles in the Journal de
Conchyliologie for 1865.~ Mr. Bland has called my attention to
them, and I find that my mode of grouping the species is con-
firmed by that eminent authority, whose remarks I quote as
briefly as is consistent with the nature of the subject:

‘‘Ist. The form of the lip is important chiefly as a generic
character. The teeth are specific only (but form good subgenera
among American species).

“2d. The umbilicus, very variable according to the shell’s age,
has scarcely even a specific value.

“3d. The color, number, and position of the bands have, con-
trary to all expectation, a systematic and generic value of the
pa rank, being always in relation with the form of the jaws and

arts.’’*

then says that Lamarck’s first Planorbis is an Ampullaria, apparently
forgetting that Guettard founded the genus before Linneus, who merged
it in Helv. This, therefore, does not prevent us from adopting the first
terrestrial Helzw of Linn. as the type, whether given in the 12th Ed. or
previously. Unfortunately I cannot refer either to his Museum Ulrice
or to Hanley’s Linn. Conch., which may clear it up. Even his first writ-
ings in which the name Helix occurs may have to be consulted to settle
the point.

* Morch finds the angled, umbilicated Chzlotrema lapicida closely allied
to the 3—4-banded, sometimes hirsute and angled group of Campylea
eongulata, trigona, setosa, ete., which seem very like our Angudspira?2
soletarva, Coopert, and strigosa. ‘ Lapiccda sometimes has four bands
like its allies.” It is not very distantly related to.A. arbustorwm, but
less nearly to Hygromea rufescens, &c.

204 AMERICAN JOURNAL

No laws of climatology will account for all the differences ob-
servable in the various forms I include in these two genera. Pale
or colorless specimens may be caused by deficient food or moist-
ure, and dwarfs or thin shells by cold or absence of lime; but
we find ours, though nearly allied, preserving their characters
under the same circumstances where several live in the same lo-
cality. The following table gives at one view the several species
and varieties, with their chief characteristics, differing from the
Synopsis only as more recent examinations require amendments.
Explanatory notes follow, giving the reasons for these amend-
ments. The Sections were first used by me in the article in
Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1866, p. 259, and correspond to the
Groups of the Synopsis, 1867, p. 331.

In all our Artontas I have examined I find 4—6 ribs on the
jaw, as in arbustorwm (Albers). In Lysinoe mormonum and facta

I find 8!

LYSINOE.
§A (= Gr. XIII). § B (= Gr. XIV).
Shining, smooth, or with re- Young hirsute and subangled,
volving grooves; band usually | adult often rounded, grooves
light-margined. faint or none, bands hidden in
a. Whorls 7 to 8, colors | YOURS, obsolete in No. 9.
mostly dark. a. Whorls 6 to 64, dark.
1. L. fidelis, Gray. 9. L. infumata, Gld.
2. L. Dupetithouarsi, Desh. 10. L. seqguotecola, Cp.
3. L. Ayresiana, Newe. — 11. L. mormonum, Pf.

b. Whorls 5—61, paler, band $2: do, Hillebrandt, Newe.
often single in No. 7.
4. L. Traskii, Newe.
5. L. Remondii, Tryon ?
6. L. rufocincta, Newe. ho io eis eisai
; 2, pale.
Ae ke Aret 2) BAN, NOME, slog, a, Bgaoattee New!

facta, Newe. 14, L. (var. ?) Lohrit, Gabb.
Whorls 44.

L. Remondii, Tryon (type).

OF CONCHOLOGY. 205

ARIONTA.
§ C0 (=Gr. X and XI). Si Gras):
Dull brown or yellow, rugose, Brownish or variegated,

wrinkled or malleated, band | smooth, with revolving grooves,
pale-margined in young, often | band single, often obscure or
single in adult. none in adult; subimperforate.

a. Whorls 7 (6 in No. 2).

1. A. arrosa, Gld.
2. A. (var. ?) arboretorum, Val.
oA. eraratd, PE: a. Whorls 5 to 6.
4, A.? Diabloensis, Cp. 14. A. Kellettii, Fbs.
b. Whorls 5 to 61. 1D. As (var. Z )Stearnsiana Gabb

dD. A. Nickliniana, Lea. 16. A. ea, W. G. B.
6. A. (var. ?) Bridges, Newc. 17. A. (var. t) crebristriata,
T. A. (var. 7) nemorivaga, Val. Newe.
8. A. ramentosa, Gld. 18. A. Carpenteri, Newc.
9. A. (var. ?) reticulata, Pf. 19. A. Tryoni, Newe.
10. A. tudiculata, Binn.
11. A. Californiensis, Lea.
12. A. (var. ?) vincta, Val.
A. (var.?) redimita, Binn.

LYSINOE, H. & A. Adams.*

L. Traskii, Newe.? A dwarfed, very thin variety, showing
want of lime and heat, was found common by Harford and Dunn
last year between 5000 and 6000 feet elevation, in Mariposa Co.
It has but 43 whorls, and diam. 0°75, axis 0:30 inch, but the
form and faint revolving grooves distinguish the species, es-
pecially from other specimens of A. tudiculata of similar size
found with these, while the light corneous hue and height in-
dicate that it is not L. mormonum. It may be a thin northern
variety of LZ. Remondii, but does not agree with the specimens
determined as Carpentert by Dr. Newcomb, though I am in-
formed by Mr. Harford that Dr. Newcomb calls these by that
name. In flattened spire and rounded base many of them ap-
proach nearer to L? Rowelli or Lohri.

L. Remonpu, Tryon.

This is to be added to our fauna if the specimens from the
peninsula and San Diego are really the same as the Guaymas

* Several authors describe L. fidelis as red-banded, but the band is
really black, with red or yellow margins, that above often masked by the
pale color of the upper surface.

206 AMERICAN JOURNAL

shell. The larger size and possession of one to two more whorls
make it, however, somewhat doubtful, as we find the number
usually very constant in dwarfs of other species. The type is
much more globose than the form of Traskii (2) just mentioned.

LL. Mormonum, Pf. The bristle-marks seen on the first whorls
in young specimens of this shell are not always perceptible, even
in those living. I have, however, found some with both these
and fine revolving grooves as in most others of § A. It con-
nects this with § B, not only by the bristles but by the angled
form of many specimens, running into L. Hillebrandi, L. infu-
mata, Gld. The angled and black specimens of fidelis found at
Humboldt Bay are probably hybrids with this, as Mr. Gabb has
found it there. (Vol. IV, p. 224, note.)

L. ? Rowell, Newe. Ihave removed this from Group XII,
placing it donbtfully in § B, as the type showed only faint marks
of bristles which were possibly erosions, and Mr. Gabb in Vol.
IV, p. 235, contradicts his statement made in Vol. III, p. 286,
that the shell of Léhrii shows “ minute punctations, as if the
live shell were hirsute,” because he has since “seen fresh speci-
mens.’ Yet both statements may be correct, as in LZ. mormo-
num the bristle-marks are visible only in very young or quite
unworn shells. L. ? Lohrii may be the peninsular representative
of Lowellit, which was more probably from Sonora, Mex., than
** Arizona,’ thus removing both from the proper Californian list.
They seem to be the subcarinate allies of the forms of Remondit,
found living with or near them, although varying from the simi-
lar instances observed in § B, a, in relation with § A, a, 0.

ARIONTA, Leach.

A. arrosa, Gld. The var. 8. of W. G. Binney (Proc. Philad.
Acad. N. 8., Oct., 1857,) is only a dwarfed form, common on
the cold treeless peninsula of San Francisco, and still smaller in
dry localities in Napa Co., having the typical seven whorls but
proportionally more elevated. ‘The form mentioned by me in a
foot note to the ‘* West Coast Helicoids,” as resembling Pomatia
in form, and in this Journal, vol. IV, p. 222, as approaching
tudiculata, deserves more special mention.

It appears to be the form figured by Valenciennes and copied
by W. G. Binney, as Helix arboretorum, which has usually been
considered a var. of Nickliniana. ‘The figure is brownish-yellow,
dotted as if malleate or indented, and seems umbilicate; band
single, diam. 1:05, axis 0°68, alt. 0-92, (I give both the avis of
the spire, and the altitude of apex above the general plane of
the base, as these differ in many species, and it is often difficult

OF CONCHOLOGY. 207

to know which the author means by “ height,’’ in descriptions).
The Mendocino specimens are much larger, but similarly shaped
and swollen in the body whorl. Some measure, diam. 1:20,
axis 0-70, alt. 0-90.

Dr. Newcomb, in this Journal, I, p. 545, gives four “ varieties
of Nickhiniana,”’ of which a seems to be this, though it may be
a hybrid of the two species, (‘from Santa Cruz Co.’ "yet GELS

varieties, 6. and d, are perhaps the true NWickliniana and var.
nemorwaga to be mentioned hereafter.

A. exarata, Pf., 1857. Specimens obtained by H. P. Carlton
near the head of §. F. Bay in damp meadows, are nearly all
damaged by the annual fires, but good ones differ from those of
Santa Cruz in being smoother, and the wrinkles more recticulate,
lips less developed and color paler, agreeing well with Pfeiffer’s
description. I collected specimens in the same locality in 1855,
which may have been Pfeiffer’s types, perhaps sent through Mr.
Bland. So little were the west coast forms then known that
my father could only consider them, from published descriptions,
a var. of L. Dupetithouarsi !

A subfossil specimen found by Mr. Rowell near Cape Men-
docino, is apparently of this species, and though of good size has
only 6 whorls, the number found in a very small fossil specimen
. from Santa Cruz. I have one from the latter place of uncom-
mon large size, (the extreme given in my Synopsis), which may
be a hybrid between this and A. arrosa, being also darker colored
than usual.

A.? Diabloensis. This form, named by me in this Journal,
IV, p. 221, still remains unique, though I have young specimens
from “the crossing of the Salinas river, Monterey Co., which
look like it. Its resemblance to L. mormonum makes its posi-
tion uncertain, and it may prove a hybrid.

A. Nickliniana, Lea, 1839. “ Whorls 5, umbilicus small,
yellowish-brown, band single, granulated; diam. 0°90, alt 0-70
inch.” These are the essential characters of Lea’s description,
which was probably intended to represent the average size of
his specimens, but his figure is much larger, having diam. 1-05,
axis 0-58, alt. 0°70. Tryon’s figure, probably from the same
specimen, measures the same, but he gives the size in the text
as in Lea’s description, adding one whorl (6), the number five
being undoubtedly an error. I think that the figures and de-
scriptions belong to the marked varieties, of which the smaller
may be called

C. nemorivaga, Val. Itis represented in Dr. Binney’s plate as

208 AMERICAN JOURNAL

the typical Micklintana, and is the commoner form near San
Francisco, nearly or quite imperforate, yellowish or brown,
diam. (of Val’s. figure) 0-90, axis 0.55, alt..0-70, whorls 52; pale
margins of the band usually visible.

Dr. Newcomb considered this the typical form, in describing
H. Bridgesii and his var. a, ‘ double the normal size.’’ Others
are intermediate between this and the large var., while one from
Napa Co. measures only diam. 0°58, axis 0-48. The large var.
is rare near 8. F. Bay, and the best I have seen were from
Bodega, where Nuttall probably obtained the type in 1835, as
he sailed along the coast in a trading vessel, touching at the few
points then inhabited by white men.

C. Bridgesti, Newe., 1861. Differs from the larger form of
Nickliniana figured by Lea and Tryon, only in being “ grayish
corneous, thinner, band broader, umbil. wider (?); diam. 1-00, alt.
0-73.” Tryon’s figure, though “ from a type,’’ is smaller, diam.
1-00, alt. 0-62, but seems the same. It is the variety found east
of 8. F. Bay, in a warmer and drier climate than the type. Dr.
Newcomb compares it to ramentosa, which seems to hybridize
with it but is quite distinct. The sculpture is similar but fainter,
and like Lea’s type it may be called “ granulated.’’ The wrin-
kled epidermis found in many specimens of Wickliniana from
near the coast, seems caused by a thickening of the surface ob-
scuring the normal reticulate granulation, which is usually found
on the upper whorls and in young specimens. I mentioned it
in the Synopsis as a specific character of Mickliniana, but it is
not constant, and the types do not seem to have shown it. Var.
Bridgesti always shows the pale margins to band.

A. ramentosa, Gld., 1856. The typical small form, figured
by Tryon, with 53 whorls, is found chiefly on Mare Island, near
Benicia.* Some specimens show two narrow dark lines above
and two below the pale margined band. Those from southward
of there are larger, with one more whorl but the same form.
Those approaching Bridges? are much more elevated.

C. reticulata, Pf.,1857. This is doubtless merely a thickened
variety in which the band becomes single, the pale margins dis-
appearing, and the file-sculpture stronger. ‘The color is de-
scribed as yellowish, that of ramentosa reddish, but intermediate
shades are found, the thinnest being darkest, as in the varieties
of Micklintana. Yates has brought specimens from Mission
Peak, Alameda Co. exactly like reticulata but larger, together
with numerous typical ramentosa. Mr. Carlton, however, dis-

* Dr. Newcomb sent Gould the types from Benicia.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 209
covered a small colony on the “ Potreso,” a point four miles
from San Francisco, and on the west side of the bay, which may
have furnished the type of this form, being small and exhibiting
its characters more or less strongly.

A. tudiculata, Binn., 1843. This species, the only one in
the Sierra Nevada, has great extremes of variation in size, oc-
clusion of umbilicus and elevation, but the normal number of
whorls, 54, with more or less of the malleated sculpture, are
always perceptible. Those found by Voy, in Nevada Co., at
about 3500 ft. elevation, measure, diam. 0°86, axis 0-42. Ex-
cept in being slightly malleate instead of reticulated, they are
scarcely distinguishable from the specimens of ramentosa from
the Potreso near San Francisco. A few of a still smaller varie-
ty, with the umbilicus nearly closed, were found by Harford
and Dunn with the dwarf Z. Frankii in the mountains of Mari-
posa; diam. 0°70, alt. 0°38. This form still has 54 whorls and
approaches nearer Carpentert as described, than the other form
found there though still far smaller and lower in proportion,
without revolving grooves.

In explanation of the reference of this species to the Columbia
river in my father’s report on the shells in Pacific R. R. Rept.,
vol. XII, part 2, 1859, I think poor specimens of arrosa were
found by me near Santa Clara, Cal., in 1855, which might easily
have been mistaken for the former, the description of the latter
(subnom. eruginosa) not having been seen. Dr. Gould himself
apparently confounded them at first, as he gives tudzculata as
collected in ‘“‘ Oregon,” by the U. 8. Expl. Exped., which did
not explore this coast south of Monterey, though possibly they
might have found it in the Northern Sierra Nevada. (Brit. As-
soc. Rept. 1856, p. 211). In his description of eruginosa he
points out the differences between the two, (Feb. 1855).

A. Californiensis, Lea., 1839. The original type figured is
evidently not the Monterey shell, but the northern form men-
tioned by me in this Journal, IV, p. 222, 224, and referred by
Dr. Newcomb to Californiensis before he saw the Monterey
form. lLea’s figure measures, diam. 0°85, axis 0°50, alt. 0-60.
The description gives diam. 0-70, alt. 0°60, but as in Miekliniana
was apparently drawn from a smaller specimen than that fig-
ured, and not very accurately measured either. It is rare near
San Francisco Bay and extends north to Klamath Co., (Voy.)

A. vincta, Val. This is the Monterey shell, which seems to
have been considered a more perfect form of the preceding by
the Binneys, who figure it under that name. It is much more
convex above and below, measuring, diam. 0:90, axis 0-60, alt.

15

210 AMERICAN JOURNAL

0-80. Many specimens even appear higher than wide, which is
not the case with any other of the group. Whorls 5 to 53.

A. redimita? W.G. Binn., 1857. This form connects the
last with var. nemorivaga, Val., differing from both in being ob-
liquely depressed, so that the mouth approaches the horizontal
position, and from the last in being quite imperforate and the band
not edged with paler color. Whorls 6, imperforate, thin, granu-
lated, reddish-brown, body-whorl swollen ; diara. 0-80, axis 0°48,
alt. 0-55, are the essential characters of the description. I have
found the most typical specimens at Santa Cruz, but 5} is the
usual number of whorls. It perhaps ought to be considered
rather a var. of Micklintana, as it was by Dr. Binney, but that
is always perforate.

A similar variety of erebristriata, Newc., is found on Clemente
I., being in fact the thin form of which the thick, rough, and
obscurely banded types are an extreme. Mr. Binney in letters
identified this with redimita, but it has the spire more or less
mottled and the faint revolving grooves usually perceptible. *

The nine forms included in § C, 4, are thus seen to graduate
insensibly into each other excepting tudiculata, which, however,
has varieties imitating nearly all the others. They approach
nearer Arionta arbustorum than § C, a, which have more of the
form of Lysinoe, with the colors and sculpture of the others. I
find their jaws agree with that of Arionta, but each distinct.

The locality, ‘* San Diego,” given by Dr. Lea for Californi-
ensis and Nicklintana, was 10 more incorrect than many others
furnished by Nuttall, but may in part have arisen from his
having found imperfect specimens of SCellettéi and tudieulata,
these, which at that time would naturally be considered varieties
of the more perfect shells from near San Francisco Bay. Dr.
Binney gives ‘ Sacramento river, U. 8. Expl. Exped.,” with

Jickliniana, but the only species found near its banks are ra-
mentosa and tudieulata.

A. Kellettii, Fbs., 1850. Forbes’ locality “San Juan del
Fuaco,” (see Brit. Assoc. Rept., 1856, p. 239), confounded by
some with the Straits of Juan de Fuca, and by others with a

* As Mr. Binney insists on the identity of redzmzta with the shell from
Clemente Island, although I am not fully satisfied of it, there is no need of
retaining the name for the San Francisco form, so called, as the latter is
scarcely a variety of nemorivaga, Val., and both are forms of the true
Californiensis, Lea, which I have recently found living within the city
limits. All three are distinguished from Nicklincana by the character
mentioned, although some come very near it, and, if united, Calzfornzensis
has priority.

San Francisco, Feb. 7, 1870.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 911

San Juan in Central America, near Lake Nicaraugua. Many
other localities given by Kellett and Wood were confused, as
“* H. Pandore and aspersa, Sta Barbara.’’ The latter, I am
told by Dr. Newcomb, was obtained at the Sandwich Is., where
it is naturalized. H. Pandore is also credited to “San Juan
del Fuaco,’’ which makes it probable that the place of that name
near Cape St. Lucas, lat. 26° 5’, was the locality, as the latter
species is confined to the peninsula. Forbes’ figure also repre-
sents a small, highly colored form, quite different from that of
the northern shell, and indicating a southern habitat. A con-
siderable range of variation is seen in those from the various
localities it is known to inhabit.

A. intercisa, W. G. Binn. As this species probably came
from San Miguel Island, it is very possible that erebristriata,
Newe., from Clemente I., is but a variety of it, both being
scarcely more than extreme local varieties of Kellettii, growing
abnormal toward the north. ‘This is shown by many specimens
of crebristriata being thin and faintly sculptured, when they show
a mottled coloring like the latter. Small ones have been called
redimita by W. G. Binney, but differ in this coloring and in
having but 5} instead of 6 whorls. It is much more likely that
the latter was from the more often visited region of Nickliniana,
near 8. F. Bay.

A. Tryoni, Newe. This, although put by some in another
genus, is too near Kellettit to be properly separated.

In my Synopsis, the phrase ‘“‘{. Colors light, often palest
below. Inhabit dry or treeless regions, lat. 32° to 86°,” should
have included Group XII, just mentioned, as well as the first
part of Group XIII, (here made § A, 6.) They resemble that
section also in sculpture, but their affinity is plainly with Ardonta,
as indicated by form and band, though approaching the sub-
tropical group of the peninsula referred by various authors to
Euparypha and Polymita. I have retained Carpenteri, Newe.,
in this section with doubt, on account of the Joss of the type and
the imperfection or disagreement of specimens identified with it
by Dr. Newcomb.

It appears that Ferussac and Deshayes (Hist. des Moll., I,
p- 216,) considered one or more of the Californian species a mere
variety of A. arbustorum! (Binney, Bibliog. part I, p. 143.)
Other Europeans have done the same.

MISODON, Raf.

Although so generally adopted, the diagnosis of this genus
by the author in 1831—“ differs from Helix by lower lip with a

212 AMERICAN JOURNAL

tooth ’’—if applied to any North American species, would not ap-
ply to M. ? profunda, Say, which has such a tooth or tubercle,
because, as Mr. Tryon points out in this Journ. IV, p. 175,
Mesodon could not have an umbilicus, for ‘‘ Odomphium differs
in having an ombilic.” His type, JZ. maculatum, judging from
the name, was spotted, variegated, or by a stretch of the term,
striped, and the only species having stripes and no umbilicus
found “in Kentucky ”’ is multilineata, Say, which may then be
adopted as the type of the genus.

But he had previously made a genus Odotropis (toothed whorl)
which had ‘lip reflected, umbilicus covered, tooth upon colu-
mella,’’ (meaning paries, as is evident from his description of
Triodopsis). Although without a type mentioned, it is plain
that this could apply only to the evoleta group among Kentucky
species.

I adopted the name as including H.? devia, at first as a
section of Mesodon, Auct., to include those with a parietal tooth
and a tooth or tubercle on the lower lip also, near the trwe colu-
mella, being satisfied, like Mérch, that these teeth were chiefly
specific or subgeneric characters only. I am now pretty well
satisfied that it ought to take precedence of Mesodon as a gene-
ric name, having twelve years priority; and should of course
include many toothless or umbilicate Eastern species, for which,
however, Mesodon, Odomphium, and perhaps Trophodon, of same
date, may become subgenera.

I was wrong, however, in adopting “‘umbilicus covered” as a
character of devia, though my specimen had it so; for the spe-
cies is usually umbilicate, showing the uncertainty of this
character even as a specific mark.

I did not include Zownsendiana in the same genus in the
Geog. Catalogue, because it shows in the shell much affinity to
Arionta, through arrosa, anachoreta, etc., and has even been put
unhesitatingly in that genus by Europeans, though differing so
much from A. arbustorum. I now incline to think that it should
be put in Odotropis, and that the surface characters linking it
with the more southern Artontas are merely similative, Just as
we find the latter simulating or approaching Polymita as they
come from nearer its region of habitat.

O. ? anachoreta, W.G. Binn. ‘This can scarcely be the band-
less variety of arrosa, as suspected by Tryon, for it has one
whorl less (6), and specimens of arrosa quite as small have 7 ;
the lip also seems broader in proportion, like that of Dr. New-
comb’s var. ce of Nickliniana from Klamath Co., ‘‘ without band,
umbilicus closed, not malleated ; lip broadly expanded.”’ ‘This

OF CONCHOLOGY. ie

cannot be the same, but Mr. Rowell’s specimens from “ Oregon ”
agree very well with anachoreta, and Dr. Newcomb’s is either
an extreme variety or a new species, I cannot say which, having
none of either form to compare.

“HT. pedestris,’ Gould, 1846 (animal excl.), wrongly credited
to New South Wales, but in “ Otia,” p. 243, made a synonym
of Townsendiana, describes a small variety almost of the size
and proportions of anachoreta. It may do for the var. of the
former without wrinkles.

APLODON, Raf.
In my “ West Coast Heliccid Land Shells” I considered this

also a subgenus of Odotropis, as it was formed in the same year,
having supposed that the type A. nodosum was H. ? monodon,
var. Leazi, which appears to answer the description of both genus
and species. The genus, “‘aperture rounded, columella with a
single tooth, umbilicated,’’ was thus contrasted with Stenotrema,
which had been just described, and of which the type S. convez-
um (= H. stenotrema, Fer., two years later) nearly resembles
monodon externally. A. nodosum has ‘‘ 3 [upper] whorls em-
‘bossed, lightly wrinkled concentrically beneath,” the ‘‘ emboss-
ing” referring to the tubercles left by the bristles in worn spe-
cimens, and the ‘concentric’ wrinkles probably meaning ra-
diating growth lines.

H. monodon has been until lately considered a close ally of
Columbiana, but the discovery of an internal ‘ fulcrum” in
Stenotrema,* also found in monodon, has induced many to put it
in that genus in spite of its wider mouth. If this character is to
be the essential one of the genus (which is very improbable),
Columbiana cannot be congeneric with monodon, nor germana
either, according to Bland’s testimony. The two forms so named
by me as inhabiting this State both seem to want the fulcrum,
but otherwise appear distinct, a few only being found intermedi-
ate as in other groups.

If the name Aplodon is not wanted for the monodon group, it
may do for the bristly section of Odotropis to which Columbiana
seems to belong.

A. Columbianus, Lea (Cp.) Many large typical specimens
brought from Sitka by Mr. Harford have the animal uniform

* Raf. altered this to Stenostoma in 1819 and 1831, having used the for-
mer name in 1815 differently.—Binney’s Bibliography, ii, 283.

214 AMERICAN JOURNAL

smoky-black like ours. The jaw is strongly arched, with eight
broad ribs.f

Very thin and nearly smooth ones have been found near An-
tioch, at the junction of the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers,
with Arvionta ramentosa, the most eastern point for both.

Some found near San Francisco have a parietal tooth, but the
lip and umbilicus are so unlike the next that they are easily
distinguished.

A. ? germanus, Gld. (Cp.) A few typical specimens have
been found lately by Harford and Dunn, near the Columbia
river.

Triodopsis loricata, Gld. Harford and Dunn found large ones
at Clark’s Ranch, Mariposa Co., 4000 feet alt., thus extending
its southern range in the Sierra Nevada to lat. 38° 30’, the same
as on the coast. |

Mr. C. J). Voy has connected its range in the two mountain
chains by discovering it at Shasta City, lat. 40° 37’, on the
Sacramento river, which may be one locality of its discovery by
the U. S. Expl. Exped. as given by Gould. The northern and
eastern form is, however, much larger than the type, and this
probably came from 8. F. Bay, the same place as Lecontii of
Lea, so that it 1s scarcely allowable to use this for the small form
only.

DADALOCHEILA.

One perfect dead specimen, and one immature, but living,
found by Harford and Dunn “at the Big Trees of Fresno Co.,”
5000 to 9000 feet above the sea, are the foundation for adding
another genus to our fauna, as well as a new species. It is
nearest allied to D. Behrii, Gabb, of Guaymas, but differs from
that and most others in its perspective umbilicus, and in the want
of pits over the labial teeth. In form, size and umbilicus it
closely resembles the polygyrella of Montana, thus curiously
connecting that anomalous species with Dedalocheila. (See des-
cription of D. Harfordiana, this Journal, p. 196.

D.? polygyrella, Bld. (Cp.) In the Synopsis I placed this in
‘“¢ Helicodiscus ?’’ on account of its internal teeth, but the pre-
ceding species suggests an idea that it is really a northern type
of the same genus, in which the labial teeth have been ‘ swal-
lowed.” Mr. Bland mentions one specimen in which the first

yj Among those figured in Binney and Bland’s “ Geophila,” it is between
that of “H. (Polygyra) ventrosula” and “H., (Stenotrema) monodon,” those
of Mesodon all having 10 to 16 ribs.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 215

row is ‘immediately behind the parietal tooth, and visible through
the shell just within the aperture.’’ Others may be found unfinished,
showing whether the internal teeth are labial at any stage of
growth, and if they ever come opposite the parietals.

Its far northern habitat, and station in damp moss under for-
ests, indicate that the animal will be found to differ enough, at
least, to put it in a peculiar subgenus.

ZUA SUBCYLINDRACEA, Chem. (/ubrica, Miill.)
Was found by Harford in Alaska. Found in Ohio, ete.

LEUCOCHEILA ?

Mr. Voy informs me that on the summit of the coast range,
near lat. 41°, where he discovered Mac. Voyana, he obtained a
number of specimens of Pupa-like shells which resembled the
eastern J. fallax, but unfortunately lost them all while travel-
ing. » This year, Mr. Samuel Beannan, Jr., has found a single
bleached subfossil specimen very near San Francisco, more like
LL. fallax than L. Arizonensis or hordacea (the only species yet
found west of the Rocky Mountains), but probably distinct.

A “‘Pupa, sp. indet. jun.,” was found at Lake Osoyoos, lat.
49°, Wash. Terr., by J. K. Lord, of the Brit. N. W. Boundary
Survey (see Carpenter, Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1863, p. 606). This
far northern shell may possibly prove the same with Voy’s sub-
alpine specimens, if not with the fossil from this vicinity.

Vertigo corpulentus, Morse, was also found common at Clark’s

Ranch by Harford and Dunn.

As mentioned by me in vol. iv, p. 223, no locality along this
coast has furnished as many species as the neighborhood of 8. F.
Bay. Northern and southern forms here meet also in larger
numbers than elsewhere, though it does not form the limit in
either direction for many of them.

Two species of Zimacide still undetermined are also common,
one resembling L. campestris, Binn., and found in nearly all
parts of the State, the other like Z. flavus, Linn., but distinct,
its shell one-fourth of an inch long.

The following table shows the species occurring here, as well
as their marked varieties, with the sides of the Bay on which
they occur.

It will be noticed that all of the §C except one are found
here, making it the metropolis of Arzonta on this coast. That
hybrids and varieties should be met with is therefore not aston-
ishing.

216 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Name of species or variety. Side of S. F’. Bay.

1. Succinea Oregonensis, Lea, . : . |N(EIS|W
2. ¢ rusticana, Bld., : : de Oe a ego
3. 4 Sillimani, Bland, ¢ : : ae

4. Hyalina Breweri, Newe., . 4 : , 5
| 5. Pseudohyalina milium, Worse, . 4 ot ar
6. a conspecta, Bld., 4 : gcd:
its 3 Mazatlanica, Pf : : ::
8. Patula Durantii, Vewe., . ; : « i
9. Lysinoe infumata, Gig... : : Es ak

10. Arionta arrosa, Gld., d : Baill tes Beal:
at: es Cs 2 arboretorum, Val, : oe aoe .
12. ‘turexarata, fs t : : : ? S
13. a Diabloensis, Cp., : : E Varn
14. “ Nickliniana, Lea, i ‘ Sra Ashen
15. « _-var. Bridgesii, Wewe., . i ; RSs dee
16. “« nemorivaga, Val., ; : sete’ Ae | oe
ye ‘¢ ramentosa, Gld., . ‘ ‘ oh] ae ee
18. od var. reticulata,2 04 4 : : Bh UR IRS
19. ‘« tudiculata, Binn., : . ;
20. = Californiensis, Lea, bin ail gee sige |
21. “var. redimita?, W. @. Binney ‘ bs ee
22. Aplodon Columbianus, ‘Lea, ot), #6. Gl
23. “ germanus ¢, Gid., : . ohts tains SS gent
24. Triodopsis loricata, Gld., j 4 = tite eae eae
25. Leucochila ——— (extinct ?), . ; Bee ies o
26. Pupilla Californica, Rowell, . : : AL
PALE “ Rowelli, Newe., . : : : Seales

Notes on Binney and Bland’s PutMonata GEOPHILA.—Smiths.
Inst., Feb., 1867.

Having just received the above work, I can only make a few
of the most important corrections as to West Coast species in
addition to what is stated in the preceding paper, differing from
the work in some particulars.

The extreme conservatism observable throughout is disappoint-
ing to those who looked for a new and thorough re-arrangement
of the land shells, as the result of several years’ study of the
animals of nearly all the species. It seems as if consistency
was sometimes sacrificed to the fear of innovation, as, for in-
stance, on p. 69, where the jaw of “Genus Heliz’’ is described,
while that of the “ Subgenus Patula,’’ as given on pp. 75 and
86, is shown to differ very essentially. Also on pp. 88, 85, 157,
159, 184.

OF CONCHOLOGY. DNF

Many shells are grouped most arbitrarily, without any refer-
ence to the animals and without any regard to their form.

Thus, on p. 72, ‘“ H. Ayersiana”’ (misspelt) is put between
solitaria and strigosa, for what possible reason is a mystery!
Compare it with fig. 8301 and Dupetithouarsi (not with the copy
of Deshayes’ fig.)

Why “ Hyalina conspecta,” p. 41, and “‘ Helix (Patula) Ma-
zatlanica,”’ p. 82, while the animals are undescribed? The jaw
of “Binneia’’ (misspelt), p. 68, and teeth also, are more like
those of Arion, p. 276, than of Limaz, p. 59, but because Arion
has an additional mucous gland these closely related slugs are
put far apart, and the Binneya connecting them with Helicide is
misplaced because no record was made of its having such a mu-
cous gland! Why is Townsendiana, p. 164, in Arionta? Co-
lumbiana and devia, pp. 150 and 152, in Mesodon ? No mention
made of jaws or teeth.

Compare fig. 285 with 251, p. 147, or 260, p.152. “ Colum-
bia R.” for ““H. arrosa”’ is one of the many errors of locality
which the authors have not seen fit to correct by the latest and
best authorities.

“Helix cypreophila, Newe.” (MS.), p. 166, the umbilicate va-
riety, need not have been mentioned, as Dr. N. admitted its
identity with tudiculata, and never published a description. The
specimens are mentioned by me in vol. iv, pp. 215 and 227, as a
variety.

The “H. Nickliniana”’ figured on p. 166, and by Dr. Binney,
is not the typical form, and is considerably narrower than the
size given in text, or Lea’s shell, but higher, measuring 1:00,
0:55, 0°80 inch. It appears, however, to be a link between this
type and the small var. called nemorivaga, and is found near
San Francisco.

“H. redimita,” p. 167. The description and figure represent
the northern form like Californiensis, but Mr. Binney adheres to
the habitat as ‘San Clement I.,’’ against which opinion I have
already given reasons. Greater diam. is ‘21, not °51 millim.

I have nothing to add to the notes on cntercisa, crebristriata,
exarata, reticulata, Bridgesii, ramentosa or Californiensis already
given, except that the locality, “interior of California, Com.
Wilkes,” given with the last, is certainly wrong, the var. vincta
which is figured being confined to Monterey, and the type to the
coast northward. Jaw figured with 5 ribs; ‘only 4”’ in text.

“H. Carpenteri, Newe., including Remondii, Tryon,” p. 171.
The shell figured appears like a var. of rufocincta, and does not
agree with the dimensions given, which would form a much more
elevated shell, like the Remondi of Guaymas. Dr. Newcomb

218 AMERICAN JOURNAL

did not recognize the large San Diego variety as Carpenteri,
though much like the shell figured, but referred it to rufocincta,
some of which are as large as the figure.

It would please collectors here to find “H. Dupetithouarsi”’
at all the localities given on p. 174, but we find it only at Mon-
terey. The authors seem to have confounded with it varieties of
fidelis and mormonum elsewhere, while Benicia and San Diego
must be mistakes in labeling by collectors.

“H. tenuistriata,’’ MS. name, p. 175, was unnecessarily pub-
lished, but the figure is useful as showing one of the fossil links
between Gabbi and rufocincta, mentioned by me in vol. iv, pp.
218 and 235.

“H. facta,’ Newe. The fossil form only is figured, twice as
large as the living.

“H. (Euparypha) Tryont, Newe.,”’ p. 178. This, of § D, as
shown by jaws and teeth, is not very distantly connected with
arrosa, of § C, while the type of Huparypha (pisana) has only
2—5 ribs (Albers)! It otherwise resembles Arionta much more
nearly. The variations in the jaws of this species (ribs normally
6), as figured, are evidently imperfections, and cannot be taken
as invalidating their specific value. As far as I have examined,
the jaws furnish excellent specific differences even in species as
nearly allied as those of Artonta, §C. In Lysinoe, § A and B,
I find the jaw of mormonum closely resembling that ef facta in
form and number of ribs (8).

“H. (Ampelita) Rowelli, Newe.,’”’ p. 185, including Lohri,
Gabb. I cannot believe that the resemblance of this to sepul-
eralis of Madagascar is more than analogical. Its true affinity
is as stated in vol. iv, p. 255, and in the preceding article.
(Sepuleralis is 3-banded.)

“* Succinea Oregonensis, Lea,” p. 270, including “ S. Grabbit,
Tryon.” The figure looks too much like Nuttalliana on the pre-
ceding page, while it differs entirely from Tryon’s figure both of
this and of Gabbi. Tryon’s figure agrees best with Oregonensis
of Lea, but on the other hand he gives a poor one of rusticana,
Gld., of which Binney and Bland copy the original. Unfortunately
Lea’s types do not seem to have been figured, unless Tryon used
them in preparing his work.

““Zonites Newberryana, W.G. Binn.,” p. 282. The reference
to this genus seems premature, the animal being unknown. Com-
parison with “Z. cultellata’’ opposite shows enough difference in
the shell to separate it, though probably it is not a Macrocyclis
either.

Z. cultellata, Thoms., if really found in California, must have

OF CONCHOLOGY. 219

been an accidentally introduced colony, as the locality has since
been carefully searched in vain.

Norre.—The following corrections are required in my article
printed in vol. iv, 4, p. 209, &c.:

P. 209, line 16. For callosi tateni; tenud; read callositata
tenut.
. 215, line 15 from bottom, at end. Add form as in.
. 226, line 20. For cross read crop.
. 252, line 17 from bottom. After mountains add southward.
. 255, line 5. For distinction read distribution.
. 235, line 5. For the read that.
. 236, at bottom. Add 216.
. 240, line 11. For the sign || read =.

In some, if not all copies of the map, most of the signs used
are very faintly printed, if not omitted entirely. The localities
may usually be determined by the context.

acBarHasBacla-Rachac|

220 AMERICAN JOURNAL

NOTICES AND REVIEWS

OF

NEW CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS.

BY GEO. W. TRYON, JR.

I.—AMERICAN.

Annals of the New York Lyceumof Natural History. Vol. ix, No. 5.
1869.

Note on Bulimus ciliatus, Gould. By A. D. Brown.

Mr. Brown states that this Brazilian species has a reflected lip
when mature, and as Gould’s description contains the words
‘labrum simplex,” he evidently described from an immature shell.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. October, 1869.
On a new species of Pedipes, from Tampa Bay, Florida.
By Rozert EH. C. STEARNS.

P. naticoides, Stearns.

Molluscan Fauna of New Haven. A critical review of
all the Marine, Fresh-water and Land Mollusca of the
region, with descriptions of many of the living animals
and of two new species. By Grorce H. PERKINS.

Part 1. Cephalopoda and Gasteropoda.
Nassa Fretensis, Perkins, n. sp.
The author says of the ova-capsules of Crepidula unguiformis,
Lam., (C. plana, Say,) that they “‘are similar to those of C.
Ffornicata, but are broader, shorter and thinner, and the ova are

OF CONCHOLOGY. 221

differently situated.’ This is important, in view of the fact that
Dr. J. E. Gray (Zool. Proc., 1869), has recently considered
the two species identical. The ova-cases of Fulgur carica and
Sycotypus canaliculatus are described at length.

Canadian Naturalist. New Series. III, No. 1, Montreal, Mar., 1869.
On the Marine Mollusca of Eastern Canada. By J. F.
WHITEAVES.

Contains, besides the list of species, frequent remarks on syn-
onymy, etc.

Index to Vol XII, and Supplementary Index to Vols. I to XI of
Observations on the Genus Unio, &c. By Isaac Lna. 4to. pp. 23.
Philadelphia, 1869.

A continuation of Dr. Lea’s very useful index, and including
an index of subject matter contained in the twelve volumes other
than names of genera and species.

I1.— FOREIGN.

—

ENGLISH.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part 1, 1869.

Descriptions of twelve new species of Land and Marine
shells from Australia and the Solemon Islands. By
GEOKGE FRencH ANGAS.

Hahotis Brazieri, Helix Donna Isabelle,
Triton Bassi, ‘* — eudora,

“ Braziert, “Howard,
Helix deiopeia, Minolia pulcherrima,

‘“¢ Rossiteri, “© bellula,

“© Dampieri, Thracia speciosa.

Ona new species of Haliotis, from New South Wales.
By J. C. Cox, M. D.

: Haliotis Hargravest, Cox.

Descriptions of the Animals of certain genera of Auricu-
lide. By Wm. Harper Pras.

Additional Notes on the Land Shells of the Seychelles
Islands. By Grorrrey NEVILL.

Several new species are named, but none described in this
paper.

222 AMERICAN JOURNAL

On a new British Nudibranch. By W.S. Kent.
Embletonia grayi, Kent.

Observations on the Distribution of Bulimus miltocheilus
in the Solomon’s Archipelago. By JouHN BRAztIER.

Conchologia Iconica. Parts 280, 281. By G. B. Sowersy.
Anodon. Plates 21 to 24. Aug., 1869.
Sp. 83. “A. decora, Lea”’ is A. grandis, Say.
A. fluviatilis is drawn and colored from a specimen that is

not at all characteristic either in form or color. The species
should be credited to Dillwyn, not Lea.

Sp. 88. A. biangulata, Sowerby, nov. sp. Hab.—?
Sp. 95. A. Amethystus, Sowerby, nov. sp. Hab.—?

Aplysia. 10 plates. Aug., 1869. Complete.
A. gigantea, Sowb. Australia. A. fimbriata, Adams and Reeve.

“* trigona, “* Hab.—? Siberia.

“© hyalina, ‘‘ Australia. ‘ Sandwichensis, Sowb. Sand-

“© Japonica, ‘* Japan. wich Isles.

“* Guadaloupensis, Sowb. Gua- ‘ orientalis, Sowb. Chinese S.
daloupe. * anguilla, Cuming Mss. Hab.—?

“¢ bipes, Pease. Pacific O. ** Stnensis, Sowb. China.
“© Sydneyensis, Sowb. Aust’lia. “ grandis, Pease. Pacific O.
“ Angast, Sowb. Australia. ‘“ similis, Sowb. Hab.—?
“ eornicera, ‘ Philippines. ‘* Norfolkensis, Sowb. Nor-
“ ercavata, Sowb. Australia. folk Island.

A. subquadrata, Gould. United States.

Dr. Gould never published this species; it is not distinct
from A. punctata, Cuv.

Pleurobranchus. 1 plate, complete. Aug., 1869.
Cucullea. 1 plate. Aug., 1869. Complete.

Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester
(England). Vol. 3, (third series) 1868.
Notes on Marine Shells found in Stratified Drift near
Macclesfield. By R. D. Darpisuire. ‘

FRENCH.

Journal de Conchyliologie. 3d Ser. IX, No.4. Paris, Oct., 1869. 132
pp. and 4 plates.
Sur la mdchoire et Varmature linguale des Cylindrelles.
By H. Crosse and P. Fiscuer.

OF CONCHOLOGY. pays

Faune Malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des Iles Samoa,
publicé dapres les envois de M. le Dr. HE. Greeffe.
By Ausert Mousson. (8d Article.)

Nanina perpolita, Melampus semisulcatus,
Gastrodonta ensifera, Ostodes adjunctus,
Endodonta Greffei, Melania bifasciata,
Trochomorpha tuber, “<i Taam,

Partula abbreviata, “< peregrina,
Tornatellina conica, “« acute-spira,
Cassidula crassiuscula, Theodoxus Godeffroyanus,
Pythia Savaiensis, Clithon propinquus,

Clypeolum planissimum.
Trochomorpha subtrochiformis, Mousson, is proposed for the

Helix trochiformis, Gould, (non Fer.) = H. Eurydice, Mousson,
(non Gould.)

Description d espéces nouvelles. By H. Crosss.

The species, all previously described, are now remarked upon
and figured.

Description de trois Fusus nouveaux du Groénland. By
O. A. L. Mércn.

Fusus Lachesis, Fusus Hbur, Fusus togatus.

Liste des especes de Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles re-
cueillies dans la vallee de Baréges en 1868, et nayant
pas encore été signalees dans cette localité. By Capt.
L. More.er.

Observations critiques sur quelques Paludines de I’ Indo-
chine. By ARntHUR MoRELET.

Diagnoses Molluscorum novorum. By H. Crosse.
Murex Hidalgot. Nassa Tryoni.
Description despeces nouvelles. By Dr. J. G. Hipateo.
Helix quadrivittata, Rep. Equa- Orthalicus Pfeifferi. Rep. Kqua-
dor. dor.
“ Martinezt. Brazil. Pupa Pazi. Peruto Panama.

“ Amancezensis. Peru. Clausilia Crosset. Equador.
‘© Bezensis. Equador,

Diagnoses Molluscorum Nove Caledonie incolarum. By
H. Crosse.

Helix calliope, Helix Perroquiniana,
“ Alleryana, Melania Lamberti.

224 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Diagnoses de Mollusques inédites provenant de la Nou-
velle Caledonie. By Dr. SouvERBIE.

Helix Ouveana, Adeorbis striatella. Montrouzier.
Bulimus Annibal, Lambettia. N. Genus.

3 Boulariensis, L. Montrouziert, Souverbie.
Pleurotoma dentatum, Caledoniella. N. Genus.
Turbinella scabra, C. Montrouziert, Souverbie.

Diagnoses Molluscorum novorum. By U. Crosse.

Helix votiva. Madagascar. Bulimus Pluto. Peru.
Bulimus Prometheus. Peru.

Diagnoses Molluscorum novorum Guatemale et Repub-
lice Mexicane. By H. Crosse and P. Fiscuer.

Orthalicus leucochilus, Glandina Nympha,
Stenogyra Colimensis, ¥ bellula,
a Bocourtiana, difficilis.
Description dune nouvelle espéce de Volute du terrain
oligocene. By O. A. L. Morcn.

Description dune espece nouvelle de Rotella fossile du S.
E. de la France. By P. Fiscuer.

Bibliographie.

Bulletin de l’ Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg.
XIII, No. 4.

Le Systeme nerveux de la Patella vulgaris. By Dr.
Epw. Branpt (with a plate.)

Le Syst?menerveux du Chiton (Acanthochites) fascicularis.
By the same (with a plate.)

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. Conducted by Guurin-MENEVILLE. Nos.
6, and 7, 1869.

Descriptions de quelques Paludinidées, Assiminidées et
Meélanidées nouvelles. By Dr. PALADILHE.

Bythinia Bourguignati. Per- Amnicola Sarahe. Nantes.

pignan. “« — Melitensis. Malta.
Amnicola Maceana. Barcelona. ‘¢ Balearica. Balearic I.
‘« lanceolata. Pyrenees. “© mamillata. Italy.
“ Emiliana es Paludinella Armorica. France.
Italy, Ke. cs turgidula. France.
“© spirata. Pyrenees, Xc. pupotdes. France.
“ eanaliculata, “ ee turriculata. 4

*¢ compacta. Spain. Belgrandia cylindrica, =

OF CONCHOLOGY. 225

To the genus Belgrandia, founded by Bourguignat in 1868,
upon fossil species from the inferior diluvium of the vicinity of
Paris, are assigned the following living species: Hydrobia gibba,
Dupuy, H. Moitessieri, Bourg., H. Lusitanica, Paladilhe, Palu-
dina varica, Paget.

ITALIAN.

Bulletino Malacologico Italiano (Terrestrial and fluviatile Mol-
lusca.) Vol.I,8vo. Pisa, 1868.

This new conchological publication consists of 16 pages, issued
bi-monthly, making six numbers per annum, with a lithographic
plate for each number.

Dei Molluschi terrestri e d’acqua dolce raccolti nello Ar-
chipelago di Malta. By A. Issuu.

Clausilia Lucensis, n. sp. Physa Pisana, n. sp.
Zonites Mortilleti, n. sp.
Pupa Mortilleti, Martens ; Synonymical study. By J.
STABILE.

Hsistenza dello Zonites Leopoldianus nell Italia Setten-
trionale. By STROBEL.

Clausilia Lucensis, Mihi, e Claus. Comensis, Shuttle. By
C. GENTILUOMO.

Specie Nuove. By VILua.
Clausilia Isseli, Villa.
Osservazioni sulla Clausilia Mofellana, Parreyss. By C.
GENTILUOMO.

Intorno ad aleune Conehiglie degh Abruzzi Zonites Grer-
falchensis, olim Mortilleti. By V. PEccuto.xt.

Intorno ad una forma speciale del? Helix Gobanzi, Frau-
enfeld. By C. GENTILUOMO.

Unio Lavvleyianus, Specie Nuove. By C. GENTILUOMO.

Catalogo det Molluschi terrestri e fluviatili della Toscana.
By C. GENTILUOMO.

Limax Etruscus, Issel, n.sp. Testacella Becarii, Issel, n. sp.
Clausilia Apennina, “ Bythinia Isselii, Gentil.

Besides the above, the volume contains extracts from con-
temporary conchological publications, and bibliographical notices.
16

226 AMERICAN JOURNAL
Bulletino Malacologico Italiano. Vol. 2, 1869. Nos. 1, 2,3. (Including
Marine Mollusca. The Numbers enlarged to 32 and 48 pp.)
Nota dei Molluschi terrestri. By A. VILua.
Le Conchiglie del Mar Tirreno. By F. 8. Appettus.
Aturia Spinellit, specie nuove. MENEGHINI.
Mactra Peechiolii, specie nuove. By R. LAWLEY.

Note addizionali all’ Articolo del Signor Ed. V. Martens
** Intorno ad Alcune Conchighe degli Abruzzi.” By
D. N. TrBerti.

Helix Orsinit, Porro. Helix Martensiana, Tiberi.

Sulle Neretine fossili dei terreni terziari superiort dell’
Italia centrale—Nota paleontologica. By C. D. An-
CONA.

Nassa Italica, specte nuove. By Isseu.

DT? Habitat det Molluschi Marini, Saggio eritico. By
Dr. A. MANZONI.

Sul modo di conservare vive le Elicit. By Pror. As. G.
STABILE.

Mutamente nella condizioni esterne della dimora det Mol-
luschi, qual causa di modifi cazioni nella conchigha di
una stessa specie. By C. GENTILUOMO.

Fauna Malocologica Marina dell Isola d’ Elba. By OC.
GENTILUOMO.

GERMAN.

Fauna der Land und Susswasser Mollusken Seibenburgens. By E.
A. Breuz. 2d Edition, 216 pp., 8 vo. Hermannstadt, 1867.

The first edition of this very complete local catalogue was
published, I think, in 18638, and the present issue adds descrip-
tions of the soft parts of most of the species, together with many
critical remarks, details of habitat, &&. There are a few new
species described, as follows :

Vitrina plicosa, Bielz. Bythinia Troscheli, Paasch.
Pisidium cuneatum, Bielz.

Hyalina vitrea, Bielz, is substituted for Helix hyalina, Fer.,

because the word Hyalina has become generic.

I cannot recommend the adoption of this changed name, as I
believe that the best interests of Natural Science are concerned
in preserving inviolate specific names, with the addition of the
name of the describer of the species. If Hyalna hyalina be

OF CONCHOLOGY. oD

entirely objectionable to Mr. Bielz he had better alter the gen-
erie name.

Archiv fur Naturgeschichte. 34th year, 5th part. Berlin, 1868.
Bericht tiber die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der
Mollusken wihrend des Jahres, 1867. By TRroscuHeEL.
(Concluded.)
This review includes from the terrestrial species (partly)
through the fluviatile genera and the marine bivalves to the end.

Novitates Conchologicee. Supplement IV, Japanische Meeres Conchylien.
A contribution to the knowledge of the Mollusks of Japan, with various
observations upon their geographical distribution. By Dr. C. E. Liscuxe,
1—4th Parts, with 7 colored plates.

The preliminary pages are devoted to an exhaustive review of
the geographical distribution of the species of mollusca occurring
in the Japan Seas.

The following species are described as new :

Drillia Japonica, Lampania multiformis,
Vermetus nodoso-rugosus.

The author has corrected a number of errors in the diagnoses
and assigned habitats of previously described species. Quite a
number of American West-Coast species extend from California
northward across to the Asiatic side, and from Kamschatka
southward to the Japanese Archipelago.

ERRATA TO Mr. CONRAD’S PAPERS PUBLISHED IN THIS VOLUME
OF THE JOURNAL.
P.101 Exclude Carditamera macropleura.
For Gadus obnutus, read Gadus obrutus.
Donax Forbesn, for fig. 27, read fig. 25.
P. 96. P. Spillmani. The second paragraph under this head
refers to the genus Protocardia, not Pachycardium.
P. 105. Capulus Shreevei is a tooth of Pholas costata.
P. 107. Cyrena protexta is a synonym of CO. Floridana.

ERRATA TO Vou. LV.

P. 275. Astarte veta. The reference should be to figure 4,
and that of V. annosa to fig. 5.

228 AMERICAN JOURNAL

APPENDIX.

RECORDER’S REPORT FOR 1869.

During the year ending Dec. 2d, 1869, there have been elect-
ed one member and three correspondents.

One member has resigned.

Papers have been accepted for publication in the Journal, by
the following authors :

T. A. Conrad, i) John H. Redfield, 1
G. W. Tryon, Jr., 9 S. R. Roberts, 1
W. M. Gabb, 5 Theo. Gill, M.D., 1
W. Harper Pease, 3 W. H. Dall, ; a.
Jas. Lewis, M.D., 2 Ralph Tate, 1
Temple Prime, 1 Wesley Newcomb, M.D., 2
Binney and Bland, 1 J. G. Cooper, M.D., 2

Respectfully submitted,
S. R. Rosperts,
Recorder.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY’S REPORT.

To the Conchologieal Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia:

The Corresponding Secretary would respectfully report that
letters have been forwarded and received as follows, viz. :

Dee. 31st, 1868.—To Dr. Leopold von Schrenck, St. Peters-
burg, with publications.

Jan. 5th, 1869.—To Hugh Nevill, F.R.A.S., Galle, Ceylon,
accepting proposals for exchange.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 229

May 13th.—To Luigi Benoit, Messina, letter of acknowledg-
ment.

May 21st.—To Dr. H. E. v. Rijgersma, St. Martins, W. I.,
soliciting collections.

To W. B. Pryor, Esq., Shanghai, China, soliciting collections.

June 11th.—To Prof. Joseph Henry, Smithsonian Institution,
soliciting publications.

June 22d.—To the Société Malacologique de Belgique, Brux-
elles, exchange of publications.

To H. A. Bielz, Hermannstadt, Transylvania, exchanges.

To Bulletino Malacologico Italiano, Pisa, for exchange of
publications.

June 23d.—To R. J. Lechmere Guppy, Trinidad, exchange
of specimens.

Nov. 5.—To Sylvanus Hanley, Middlesex, England, letter of

acknowledgment.

The following letters have been received ;
Dec. 29th, 1868.—-M. de Malzine, Bruxelles, with publica-

tions.

Mons. Terver, Lyons, France, acknowledgment of election.

Dr. Leopold von Schrenck, St. Petersburg, with publications.

Jan. Tth, 1869.—D. F. Heynemann, Frankfort, with publi-
cations.

Arthur Morelet, Dijon, France, letter of acknowledgment.

Mons. H. Crosse, Paris, with publications.

Frederick Calliaud, Nantes, France.

Feb. 4th.— J. R. Bourguignat, acknowledgment.

Feb. 16th.—F. M. Souverbie, Bordeaux, acknowledgment of
election.

Capt. J. Mitchell, Madras, with publications.

March 4th—lL. H. Abbott, Boston, letter of acknowledg-
ment.

Philip Lutley Sclater, London, letter of acknowledgment.

Zoological Society, London, letter of acknowledgment.

March 30th.—¥. de Malzine, Brussels, proposals for ex-
change.

May 6th.—-B. Westermann & Co., New York, publications.

8. L. Abbott, Boston, with publications.

E. C. Bolles, Portland, Me., acknowledgment of publications.

Leon Vaillant, Paris, acknowledgment of election.

Philip Lutley Sclater, London, acknowledgment of publica-
tions.

L. Chenu, Paris, acknowledgment of election.

230 AMERICAN JOURNAL

_ Prof. O. A. L. Mérch, Copenhagen, with paper for publica-
tion.

May 12th.—Luigi Benoit, Messina, acknowledgment of case
of shells. |

August 5th.—D. C. Gentiluomo, Pisa, exchange of publica-
tions.

Oct. 16th.—Sylvanus Hanley, Middlesex, Eng., with case of
shells.

E. A. Bielz, Hermannstadt, with publications.

Oct. 29th. W.B. Pryor, Shanghai, China, information as to
collecting shells.

All of which is respectively submitted,
KE. R. BEADLE,
Philad., Dec. 1st, 1869. Corres. See.

CONSERVATOR’S REPORT
For 1869.

The Conservator of the Conchological Section respectfully
reports that the donations to the Cabinet during the year have
been as follows :

From Isaac Lea. Nineteen species of Unionide from Ouachita,
Arkansas, Chamostrea albida, Roissy, with oscicle, from New
South Wales, and twelve species of shells from the island of
Andaman, Bay of Bengal.

E. R. Beapue. Three species of Unio, Auricula aurismide,
Lin., and two unknown species from Asia; also a Zrochus
from the West Indies, and Zrivia sulcata, Dillw.

JoHN Forp. Seven specimens of Busicon aruanum from At-
lantic City, fine specimens of Natica heros from Brigantine
Beach, N. J., and types of Astarte nubigena, Ford.

F. V. Haypen, M.D., Numerous specimens of Helix Cooperi,
Bland, and H. Haydeni, Gabb, from Weber Canon, near Salt
Lake City.

GxEO. W. Tryon, Jk. Eleven species from O. A. L. Morch, of
Copenhagen.

J. L. LeConte. Type specimens of five species of Melania de-
scribed by Isaac Lea.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 231

Wm. M. Gaps. Eleven species of Unio from Central America
and twenty-four species of land shells from San Domingo
personally collected, including several undescribed species.

Ratpn Tate. Seventy-seven species, numerous specimens of
land and fresh-water shells from Central America, Venezuela,
Guayana and Nicaragua, including types of several new
species described in our Journal; also nineteen species of
land shells from Venezuela and the island of San Lucia, W.
I., mostly undescribed.

W. H. Pease. Seventy-nine species of marine shells from the
Polynesian Seas, including types of new species.

R. E. C. Stearns. Sixty-four species of marine, fresh-water
and land shells, principally from California, Oregon, South
Carolina and Florida, and seven species from Tampa Bay.

F. A. Hasstur, M.D. Fine specimen of Marginella carnea
Storer, fine series of Zimneea columella, and embryos of Vivi-
para Nolani and Busycon ecariea.

W.H. Datt. Five species of Lepitide, types of descriptions
published in the Journal.

W.S. W. RuscHenBerGER. ‘Two hundred and seventy-seven
species, principally marine mollusca, personally collected by
the donor.

Dr. J. C. Cox. Two hundred and twenty-three species, land,
fresh-water and marine shells of Australia, New Caledonia
and adjacent islands, including types of many new species.

W. H. Pease. Sixty-three species of marine shells from the
Polynesian seas including types of new species published in
the Journal.

CuicaGo ACADEMY OF NATURAL ScrEeNcES. Thirty-four species
of Japanese mollusca, collected by F. Bischoff.

Rev. ALDEN Grout. Eight species of land shells from Port
Natal.

SMITHSONIAN INstITUTION. Five hundred land, fresh-water
and marine shells, carefully named by Mr. P. P. Carpenter.

Luici Benoit. One hundred and eighty-six species of land
shells from Sicily, including types of most of his descriptions.

J. H. Toomson. Cyprea picta, C. zonata, C. annulus, C. 06-
velata and C. Beckit; Trivia eandidula and T. pulex.

Sytvanus Hanuey. Four hundred and four species of land,
fresh-water and marine shells, principally European, but in-

Jez AMERICAN JOURNAL

cluding a number of rare East Indian shells, some of them
undescribed.

Pauu TervER. One hundred and seventy-six species of Euro-
pean land and fresh-water shells.

Smaller collections have been received from Gabriel Duqué,
E. H. Jenks, Prof. J. Powell, Edw. D. Cope, G. A. Lathrop,
Mrs. Lewis, Dr. Jos. Leidy, OC. W. Peale, Dr. James Lewis, Dr.
Samuel Lewis, A. H. Smith, John Wolf, J. R. Willis, Dr.
Harrison Allen and W. L. Mactier.

The number of species presented during the year amounts to
about 2150, many of them new to the collection, and a yet
greater number from localities not heretofore represented.

The systematic arrangement of the collection has proceeded
from the Pholadide to the end of the Tellinide. The thanks of
the section are due to Messrs. Parker, Roberts and Hassler, who
have devoted a considerable amount of time to this work, and
have succeeded in perfecting an arrangement of the specimens
which has been much admired for its neatness, as well as for the
opportunity it gives the student of studying, without disturbing
the shells.

During the year we have continued to receive collections from
many of our foreign correspondents, as will be seen by refer-
ence to the list of donations given above. The following collec-
tions have been sent in exchange by the Section: One hundred
species of American shells to Luigi Benoit, accompanied by a
list of Sicilian, species desired by us; eighty species to Aug.
Brot, and types of Mr. Gabb’s new species to H. Crosse. A
collection of our duplicate Veneride has been forwarded to Dr.
Edw. Romer, to assist him in preparing for the Section a cata-
logue and synonymy of the Veneride, which work he has kindly
undertaken to perform.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

Epwarp J. NoLAN,
Conservator.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 233

LIBRARIAN'S REPORT.

The Librarian respectfully reports that there have been pre-
sented during the past year to the library of the Conchological
Section 10 volumes, 91 pamphlets and 1 map. Of these 34,
were received from authors, 20 from editors, 30 from Societies,
5 from the Publication Committee, 1 from Wm. M. Gabb, 1 from
Don Rafael Arango, 10 from Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., and 1 from
the Smithsonian Institution.

In addition, thirty-two pamphlets, volumes and continuations
of Conchological works have been received through the Academy.

During the year the Catalogue has been carefully revised, and
the books numbered, with the effect of greatly lessening the labor
of those referring to them.

Epw. J. Nouan, Lrbrarian.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

1869.

Adams, A. On the Veneride, Czecide, Corbulide, Volutide,
Cancellaride, Patellidee, Mitride, &c., found in the
seas of Japan. 5 pamphlets. From the Author.

Bielz, HE. Albert. Fauna der Land und Siiswasser Mollusken
Siebenbiirgens. Zweite Auflage. Hermannstadt.
From the Author.

Bland, Thomas. Additional notes on the Geographical Distri-

i bution of Land Shells in the West Indies. From the
Author.

Blanford, Wm. F. On the Animal and Operculum of Georissa,
W. Blanf., and on its relations te Hydrocena, Parreyss ;
with a note on Hydrocena tersa, Bens. and H. milium,
Bens. From the Author.

Contributions to Indian Malacology. No. ix. Descrip-
tions of new Diplommatine from Darjinng and the
Khasi Hills. From the Editor.
Boston. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History.
Vol. XII, pp. 112 et seq., and Vol. XIII, pp. 1—128.
From the Society.

234 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Memoirs read before the Boston Society of Natural His-
tory. Vol. I, Part IV, 1869. From the Society.

Bourguignat, M. J. R. Mollusques Nouveaux, litigieux ou peu
connus. Q9me and 10me Fase. Paris, 1868. From
Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.

Brown, A. D. Supplement to A. D. Brown’s Catalogue. Dec.,
1868. From the Author.

Cox, Dr. J. 8. Exchange List of Land and Marine Shells from
Australia and the adjacent islands. From the Author.

Crosse, H. et P. Fischer. Diagnoses Molluscorum Novorum
Guatemale et Republice Mexicane. From the
Authors.

Currier, A. O. Kent Scientific Institute, Miscellaneous Publi-
cations. List of the Shell-bearing Mollusca of Michi-
gan, especially of Kent and the adjoining counties.
Grand Rapids, 1868. From the Author.

Frankfort A. M. Nachrichtsblatt der deutschen Malakozoolo-
gischen Gesellschaft. Nos. 1,2 and 8. Dec., 1868.
Frankfort A. M. From the Society.

Frauenfeld, Geo.-Ritter von. Zoologische Miscellen. XIV.
From the Author.

Beitrige zur Fauna der Nicobaren. II. From the
Author.

Lea, Isaac, LL.D. Observations on the Genus Unio. Vol. XII.
From the Author.

Index to Vol. XII of Observations on the Genus Unio.
Vol. Il. From the Author.

Descriptions of twelve new species of Unionide from
South America, &c. Philadelphia, 1868. From the
Author.

London. Proceedings of the Scientfic Meetings of the Zoologi-
cal Society of London for the year 1868. Part II.
Index, 1848—1860. From the Society.

Malzine, F. de. Essai sur la Faune Malacologique de Belgique.
Bruxelles, 1869. From the Author.

Map of North America, to illustrate the geographical distribution
of life. From the Boston Society of Natural History.

Martens, EH. v. Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien
Zoologischer Theil. 2er Band. Die Landschnecken.
Berlin, 1867. From the Author.

Uebersicht der Land und Siisswasser Mollusken des Nil-
Gebietes. From the Author.
On Mexican Land Shells. From the Author.

Mitchell, J. Catalogue of the Mollusca in the collection of the
Government Central Museum, Madras. From the
Author.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 935

Museum Arangianum Moluscos. Las especies de la isla de Cuba
estan excluidas. From Don Rafael Arango.

Museum Godeffroy. Catalog IV. Hamburg, 1869. From the
Author.

Nevill, G. and H. Descriptions of Marine Gasteropoda from
Ceylon. From the Authors.

Descriptions of a new genus and five new species of ma-
rine Univalves from the Southern Province, Ceylon.
From the Authors.

New York. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New
York. Vol. IX, Nos. 1 to 7, 1869. From the So-
ciety.

New Bianca The American Journal of Sciences and Arts.
Second Series. Nos. 189—143. From the Editors.

Paleontology of California. Vol. II, from p. 39 to end. From
Wm. M. Gabb.

Paris. Journal de Conchyliologie. Tome VIII and Tome IX,

‘Nos. 1—4. From the Editor.

Philadelphia. American Journal of Conchology. Vol. IV,
Parts 4 and 5, and Vol. V, Parts 1 and 2. From the
Publication Committee.

Catalogue and Synonymy of the Genera, Species and
Varieties of recent Mollusca described prior to Jan. 1,
1867. Parts 2 and 38,1869. From the Publication
Committee.

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia. Nos. 4 and 5, 1868, and Nos. 1 and 2,
1869. From Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.

Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences. New Se-
ries. Vol. VI, Part 4, 1869. From Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.

Pisa. Bullettino Malacologico Italiano. Anno I and Anno II,
Nos. 1, 2 and 3. 1868—69. From the Editor.

Poey, Felipe. Memorias sobre la historia Natural de la Isla de
Cuba. 8vo. Habana, 1851. From the Author.

Poulsen, C. M. Fortegnelse over de i Flensborgs naermeste
Omegn forekommende skalbaerende Landog Fersk-
vande-bloddyr. From the Author.

Roberts, 8. R. Catalogue and Synonymy of Porcellanidze and
Amphiperaside. From the Author.

Descriptions of three new species of Cypreea. From the
Author.

Salem. The American Naturalist. Vol. Il, Nos. 1—12, Vol.

“III, Nos. 2—9. From the Editor.

Proceedings of the Essex Institute. Vol. V, No. 8.

1868. From the Society.

236 AMERICAN JOURNAL

Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Vol. I, Nos. 1—4, 1869.
From the Society.
First Annual Report of the Trustees of the Peabody
Academy of Sciences. 1869. From the Academy.
Saussaye. Catalogue des Mollusques Testaces des Mers d’ Europe,
par M. Petit de la Saussaye. 1869. From the Author.
Schrenk, Dr. L. V. Reisen und Forschungen in Amur-Lande in
der Jahren 1854—1856. 2er Band, 3e Lief. St. Pe-
tersburg, 1867.
Stearns, R. E. C. Conchological Memoranda, No. 4. On a
new species of Pedipes from Tampa Bay, Florida.
From the Author.
Catalogue of California Shells offered for exchange. By
R. E. C. Stearns. From the Author.
Vienna. Verhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-Botanischen
Gesellschaft in Wien. XVIII Band. Wien, 1868.
From the Society.
Washington. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the
Smithsonian Institution for 1868. From the Institu-
tion.

The following have been received by the Academy:

Binkhorst, J. J. T. Monographie des Gasteropodes et des
Cephalopodes de la Craie Superieure du Limbourg.
Bruxelles, 1861.

Cassel. Malakozoologische Blatter. 15er Band, 6—11 Bog.
Pp. 177 to 226.

Novitates Conchologice. 1 Abth., 38—35 Lief. III.
12—15. Venus, pp. 137—145. Lfg. 16—19. IV, 1
—4 Lief.

Jeffreys, J. Gwynn. British Conchology. Vol. IV and V. Ma-
rine Shells. London, 1867.

Lea, Isaac. Observations on the Genus Unio. Vol. XII.

Martini und Chemnitz. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet.
10 Band, Heft IV. ller Band, Heft V. Lief 188 to
193.

Paladilhe, Mr. Nouvelles Miscellanées Malacologique. 2me
and 3me Fase.

Pfeiffer, Ludovico. Monographia Heliceorum viventium. Vol.
5 and 6. Lipsiz, 1868.

Reeve, L. Conchologia Iconica. Parts 274 to 281.

Schramm, M. A. Catalogue des Coquilles de la Gaudeloupe.
2d Kd.

Woodward, Dr. 8. P. A manual of the Mollusca. 2d Ed. Lon-
don, 1868.

OF CONCHOLOGY. 237

REPORT OF PUBLICATION COMMITTEE.

HALL OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
Philadelphia, Dec. 2d, 1869. \

The Publication Committee of the Conchological Section re-
ports its operations for the current year as follows :

Parts 4 and 5, Vol. FourTH, American Journal of Conchology,
containing 227 pp. and ten plates, of which four are colored,
were issued Feb. 4th and May 6th, respectively. Of the new
(5th) volume, two Parts have been published, embracing 176 pp.
and thirteen plates, of which four are colored. The third Part
of the Volume is now in press, and will be issued about the close
of the year ; it contains a number of valuable papers and four
colored plates. Part 4, completing the Volume, will include
the papers and reports presented this evening.

The Committee congratulate the Section upon the large num-
ber of valuable papers which have been published this year, and
also, upon a further slight increase in our sabscription list.

Besides the Journal, we have published the following numbers
of the ‘‘ Catalogue of Recent Mollusca :”’

Part 2. Anatinide, by T. A. Conrad; Saxicavide, Myide,
Corbulidze and Tellinide, by G. W. Tryon, Jr.; Pandoride, by
P. P. Carpenter. 76 pp. May, 1869.

Part 5. Corbiculade, by Temple Prime. 60 pp. Oct., 1869.

Part 4. Porcellanidee and Amphiperaside, by 8. R. Roberts.
25 pp. Nov., 1866.

In our last report we announced that a sufficient number of
subscribers’ names had been obtained to cover the expense of
re-issuing Haldeman’s Monograph of American Fresh Water
Shells, and a continuation of that work embracing species de-
scribed since its publication. We have been actively employed
this year in preparing these books, and have had twelve or fif-
teen plates drawn and colored for them. They will be issued
within the next few months.

A new edition of the Catalogue of Conchological works offered
for sale by the Section has been published, and more than half
of the works have been sold and the proceeds handed over to
the Treasurer.

Respectfully submitted by

Gro. W. Tryon, oe

S. R. Roserts, Committee.

Epw. J. Nouan,

INDEX

TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES DESCRIBED.

Achatina octona, 157
Alaria 19, 20
Alcyna lineata, 69
striata, 70
Ammonitella Yatesii, 202
Ammonites Colfaxii, if
Billingsianus, 8
Nevadanus, 6

Amnicola grana, 198
Panamensis, 153

Ampelita Bigsbyi, 110
Ampullina Ortoni, eH |
Anodonta Bridgesii, 160
inzequalis, 160

luteola, 160

Anchura, 21
Anomalocardia Floridana, 108
Aplodon, 211
Aporrhais, 21
Arca Raimondii, dl
Arionta arrosa, 206
Californiensis, 209
Diabloensis, 207
exarata, 207
intercisa, 211
Kellettii, 210
Nickliniana, 207
nomorivaga, 207
ramentosa, 208
redimita, 210

Tryoni, 211
tudiculata, 209

vincta, 209

Astarte appressa, 12
tellinoides, 4T
Atys costulosa, 73
Avicula, 20
Axinexa Mortoni, 44
Paytensis, 31
Binneya notabilis, 201
Bucardia veta, 41
Bulimus Berendti, 156
castus, 156
costato-striatus, 156
discrepans, 156
maculatus, 156
mimosarum, 157
parvus, 156
plicatellus, 157
Tryonianus, 157
unicolor, 156
zebra, 156
Bulla conspersa, 12
Busycon ¢arica, 104
eliceans, 104, 106
Callista virginiana, 39
Camptonectes argillensis, 99

bellisculptus, 99

Cancellaria subalta, 100
Capulus Shreevei, 105
Capsa_ parilis, 40
Cardinia ponderosa, 13

Carditamera macropleura, 101
Cardium, 42

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES.

Cardium arceformis, ata
Nuttallii, 105
pertenue, 30
Ripleyanum, 96

Caryatis Delawarensis, 4}

Cassianella lingulata, 14

Ceratosiphon Moreausiana, 139
Cerithium cylindraceum, 77

leeviusculum, 27

maculosum, 85

piperitum, 85

sculptum, ie

tuberculiferum, 76,85

Columbella rosida, 82

Conulus fulvus, 201

Conus neglectus, 87

Stearnsii, 104

Corbis cordiformis, 102

Crassatella Guerangeri, AT

littoralis, 41

prora, 43

pteropsis, 47

Robinaldina, 47

Crassina veta, 41

Crepidula fornicata, 63

unguiformis, 62

Cryptobranchia alba, 145
concentrica,

143

instabilis, 145

Cyclostoma Leai, 111

Cyclotus translucidus, 159

Cylindrella rosea, 37

Cyprea caput-serpentis, 87

Cyprimeria cretacea, 93

spissa, +4

Cyprinopsis, 101

protexta, 107

solida, 160

Cyrtopleura exilis, 170

Dactylina Chiloensis, 29

Deedalocheila, 214

Harfordiana, 196

Dentalium falcatum, 41

Diarthema,
Dicroloma,
Donax Fordii,

Engina lineata,
nodulosa,
Erycinella,

Eulima cretacea,
Fusus Paytensis,

Gadus obnutus,
Gemma cretacea,
gemma,
Glandina rosea,
Dysoni,
Goniomya aperta,
Goniosoma inflata,
Gouldia decemnaria,
declivis,

Guppya Gundlachi,
Harpago chiragra,

rugosa,
Harpagodes Pelagi,
Harvella pacifica,
Helicina denticulata,
Nicobarica,
occulta,
rostrata,
semistriata,
turbinata,
Helix arrosa,
Blakeana,
ceecoides,
Carpenterl,
cornu-militare,
cultellata,
cypreophila,
Dupetithouarsi,
facta,
griseola,
Haydenii,
Hemphillii,

Mazatlanica,

24

i)
=)
ho

240

Helix Nickliniana,
plicata,
redimita,
Rowelli,
tenuistriata,
Tryoni,

Hiatula nitens,

Hyalina arborea,

Breweri,
conspecta,

Inoceramus peculiaris,

Latirus columbarium,
nodatus,
Lepeta czeca,
Leptothyra costata,
Leucocheila Arizonensis,
fallax,
Lima (Plagiostoma)
Limnea Tazewelliana,
Lirodiscus,
Liroscapha squamosa,
Littorina cinerea,
laqueata,
Lunatia obtusivolva,
Lutraria costata,
Lysince Mormonum,
Remondii,
Rowellii,
Traskii,

Mactra Gabbi,
Margarita angulata,
Marginella,
Melampus lucidus,
Melania Gassiesii,
Melantho,
Mercenaria plena,
preeparca,
Mesodon,
Metis,
Mitra lubrica,
Newcombii,
turgida,

217
156
217
218
218
218
171
201
201
217

43

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES.

Modiola Peasei, 163
Modiolaria lateralis. 108
Modulus Floridanus, 107
Monotis circularis, 15
Mitra Williamsi, 163
Murex foveolatus, 83
Myacites depressus, 11
Mycetopus Weddelli, 160
Mytilus ungulatus, 31
Narica granifera, 78
Nassa balteata, (Gs
nucea, 70
tiarula, 83
Nemoarca cretacea, 97
Nemodon Eufalensis, 97
Neritina intermedia, 153
Listeri, 153
virginea, 153
Nucularia papyria, 44, 98
Omphalius turbinatus, 84
Onustus annosus, 42
Opeas Pealei, 110
Ostrea gallus, 32
Orobia Andamanensis, 110
Orthoceras Blakei, 6
Pachycardium Spillmani, 96
Pachypoma virescens, 73
Pachytheerus, 47
Paleocorbis, 101
Paludina bimonilifera, 3
magnifica, 3

Patula ruderata, 202
Pecten acutiplicatus, 16
cerinus, 39
Kneiskerni, 40
purpuratus, 32
Ruschenbergerii, 171
Perrisonota protexta, 98
Pholadomya multilineata, 10
Nevadana, 10,

Photocardia curta, 42
Physa purpurostoma, 158

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES.

Physa squalida, 158
Pilidium fulvum, 147
Pinna, 14
Planaxis atra, (P
Planorbis declivis, 159
Fieldii, 159
kermatoides, 158
tumidus, 158 |
Plectopylis achatina, 110 |
Pleiodon Macmurtrei, 104
Pleurotoma lirata, 68

monilifera, 68
Plicatula perimbricata,
Pomus pyrum, 152
Posidonomya Blatchleyi, = 15

Protocera bryonia, 123, 133

16 |

| Scalaria umbilicata, 76
Scambula verplana, 48
| Scapharea tenuicardo, 39
'Scarabus trigonus, 111
_Sinsyclonema simplicia, 99
| Spinigera, 19, 2
| Saxicava insita, 40
incita, 101

'Solemya triasina, 102
| ventricosa, 103
| Spirifer obtusus, 17
| Spissula catilliformis, 108
dolabriformis, 108

Strigilla prora, 30
_Succinea lineata, 200
inflata, 158
recisa, 158

Sillimani, 200
Stretchiana, 200

Tebennophorus auratus, 155

chiragra, 121 |
crocata, 125. 133
elongata, 123, 135 |
lambis, 122 1334]
millipeda, 123, 135
pseudoscorpio, |
135. tot |
scorpio, 123, 134
violacea, 124, 135

Proto Cornelliana,

milium, 201

pura, 201

Pterocera, 20

Pupa, 38

Pupa palanga, of

Purpura chocolatum, 26
Pyrgula scalariformis, 198
Radioconcha, 47
Radula denticuticosta, 99
Reeta gibbosa, 30
Ranella, 20
Tampeensis, 106
Rhysota Chambertinn, 109

12
20

Rissoina balteata,
Rostellaria,

Sanguinolaria Robertsii, 171

164
Pseudohyalina Mazatlanica,201

Terebra assimilis, 67
bipartita, 86
costellifera, 66
! lauta, 66
Peasei, 86
propinqua, 66

rosacea, 65
sculptilis, 64

suffusa, 65

suleata, 67
-Terebratula glossa, 42
| Toreula, 45
Tornatellina hyalina, 157

interstriata, 157

_Torinia perspectiviuncula, 80
sulcifera, 79

trochoides, 86
| Trigonarca cuneiformis, 98
| passa, 45
| Triton intermedius, 74.
| Tritonidea fumosus, 86
undosus, 86
_Tritonium pernodosum, 26
| Trochus Byronianus, 82

242 INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES.

Tryonia ornata, 153 , Vaginulus Floridanus, 158
Turbinopsis depressa, . 45 | Velletia excentrica, 158
Turbo elevatus, 9 | Vertigo corpulentus, 215
regius, 9 tridentata, 198
Turritella cochleiformis, 29 | Vetocardia crenalirata, 48, 48
Vitrina pellucida, 200
Unio Gabbiana, 160 Pfeifferi, 200
Rowelli, 160 | Volutilithes plicifera, 28
Urosalpinx Floridana, 106

‘Zua subcylindracea, 215

VALUABLE WORKS ON CONCHOLOGY

FOR SALE.

1. American Journal of Conchology, 1865-1868. Four volumes, 8vo
Containing over sixteen hundred pages, illustrated by one hundred litho-
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2. American Journal of Conchology, Vol. 5, 1869-70. Containing
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3. Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States.
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were printed, which are mostly sold. The work is published in the
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lst. Plain edition, printed on fine calendered paper, with uncolored

plates, Price, $8.50.
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3d. Fine edition, on very heavy plate paper, with duplicate plates, plain
on tinted paper, and finely colored, Price, $20.00.

4. TRYON, GHO. W., Jr., Synonymy ofthe Species of Strepoma-
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Mollusca. 8vo, over 100 pp., with lithographic plates. 1865.

Cloth, $2.00. Paper, $1.75.

CONTENTS: Contributions towards a Monography of the Order Pholadacea, with Descriptions of

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Species of Strepomatidx, Parts 1, 2,3, 4 and Supplement.

The Edition is very limited—only 75 copies. Early application will, therefore, be necessary to
secure the work.
5. RAFINESQUE, C. S., Complete Writings on Recent and Fossil
Conchology. Edited by William G. Binney and Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.
8vo. 1864. With lithographic plates Price, $2.50.

This is the only edition of Rafinesque’s Complete Writings ever published, and contains reprints
of many papers, which had been entirely forgotten by naturalists.

6. TRYON, GEO. W., Jr., List of American Writers on Recent
Conchology, with the Titles of their Memoirs and Dates of Publication.
8vo. 1860. Printed on fine plate paper. Cloth, $2.00. Paper, $1.75.

7. TRYON, GEO. W., Jr., Monograph of the Order Pholadacea,
and other Papers. 8vo, 127 pp., with plates. 1862.
Cloth, $2.00. Paper, $1.7
Contains Monographs of the Families Gastrochwnidz, Pholadide, and Teredid. eget Ee
American Conchology, and Descriptions of new Species of Fresh Water and Marine Shells.

y A discount of 20 per cent. will be allowed from the above prices, to Members
he 2 es Section and to Booksellers. Apply to

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CORSE E N ie:

[St RREC Ord! Ot Were grees Sinn as 04h. ie sabes Fagetsvon none sedan me dasa tewa dante 193

2, On a New Californian Helicoid Land Shell. By J. G.
DOO er MWK six... Stet: ae Mkn doieonedunealnn Bee eeeaise : 196

Smee enews Me ewe eaneee

3. Descriptions of Three New Species of Shells. By John Wolf. 198

4. Notes on West Coast Land Shells, No. 2. By J. G.
EG ODEL Muar vecteve atessetene sepmeaas aS coadennnebasasceaee siedeneeer sa ecoModo 199

5. Notices and Reviews of New Conchological Works. By

I. AmericaAn.—Annals of New York Lyceum: Proceedings Boston Soc. Nat. History,
etc,

II. Forrign.—S#ritish—London Zoological Proceedings: Reeve’s Conchologia Ieconica.
French—Journal de Conchyliologie; Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, ete.
[talian.—Bulletino Malacologico Italiano.

German.—Fauna der Mollusken Siebenburgens ; Archiv fur Naturgeschichte; Novi-
tates Conchologice,

APPENDIX.
6; Recorder's: Report. By /S., R:. Roberts. i ---%.c-cec;ceewe-ose ixcaned 228
7..Corresponding Secretary's Report. By Rev. E. R. Beadle...... 228
3) Gonservator's; Report.:. By Be J..Nolan; M.D.) <2. scscenesaceeslensi-c eee
9. Librarian’s Report. By B. J. DIOR TS WELD se hoor ncpccnognesecco=7 Bete 28
10. Report of Publication Committee ....... 0 ......:2-ssseeeseeseeeee rene 237

NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS.

Authors sending specimens with their papers, can have colored illustra-
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Uncolored plates at 3 cents each, or colored plates 12 to 18 cents each.
Contributions, as well as Papers and Works for Review or Exchange,
should be directed to

Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

Say

69,

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Conrad on Fossil Mollusca.

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Journal of Conchologqy—
Conrad. on Fossil Mollusca.

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American Journal of anchalogy. 869 Plate é.

Fig. /-Helix Hayclent,; Gebh
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Conrad on new Recent Mollusca.

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ltonrad New Marine Mollusca.

Amerwan Journal of Concholo gy. TEOD Plate Fé,

Lryon Onnew Marine Mollusca.

Anmerwan Journal or Concholo gy JE63 Plate 73.

American Journal of Conchalogy—S364 Plate 16.

Tale, Shells of Necaragua.
Tryon, On New Marine Motlusec.

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