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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
LIB RAR Y
MUSEUM OP COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
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THE
American Museum
Journal
VOLUME VII, 1907
NEW YORK:
PUBLISHED BY THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
1907
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Committee of Publication
EDMUND OTIS HOVEY, Editor.
FRANK M. CHAPMAN
LOUIS P. GRATACAP
WILLIAM K. GREGORY
Advisory Board
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THE AMEBIOAN MUSE17M OF NATURAL BISTORT.
77th Street and Central Park West, New York.
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEF.S
PRESIDENT
MORRIS K. JESUP
FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT
J. PIERPONT MORGAN HENRY F. OSBORN
TREASURER SECRETARY
CHARLES LANIER J. HAMPDEN ROBB
ASSISTANT SECRETARY AND
DIRECTOR ASSISTANT TREASURER
HERMON C. BUMPUS GEORGE H. SHERWOOD
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Class of 1907
D. O. MILLS ALBERT S. BICKMORE
ARCHIBALD ROGERS CORNELIUS C. CUYLER
ADRIAN ISELIN, Jr.
Class of 1908
H. O. HAVEMEYER FREDERICK E. HYDE
A. I). .TUILLIARD GEORGE S. BOWDOIN
CLEVELAND H. DODGE
Class of 1909
MORRIS K. JESUP J. PIERPONT MORGAN
JOSEPH H. CHOATE GEORGE G. HAVEN
HENRY F. OSBORN
Class of 1910
J. HAMPDEN ROBB PERCY R. PYNE
ARTHUR CURTISS JAMES
Class of 1911
CHARLES LANIER WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER
ANSON W. flARD GUSTAV E. KISSEL
SETH LOW
Hi
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Scientific Staff
DIRECTOR
Hermon C. Bumpus, Ph.D., Sc. D.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
Prof. Albert S. Bickmore, B. S., Ph.D., LL.D., Curator Emeritus
Georoe H. Sherwood, A.B., A.M., Curator
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY
Prof. R. P. Whitfield, A.M., Curator
Edmund Otis Hovey, A.B., Ph.D., Associate Curator
DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY
Prof. J. A. Allen, Ph.D., Curator
Frank M. Chapman, Associate Curator
DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY
Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn, A.B., Sc.D., LL.D., D.Sc, Curator
W. D. Matthew, Ph.B., A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Associate Curator
O. P. Hay, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Associate Curator of Chelonia
Prof. Bashford Dean, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator of Fossil Fishes
Louis Hussakof. B. S.. Ph. D., Assistant
DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOLOGY
Clark Wissler, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator
Harlan I. Smith, Assistant Curator
George H. Pepper, Assistant
Charles W. Mead, Assistant
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHEOLOGY
Prof. Marshall H. Saville, Associate Curator
DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
William BeutenmOller, Curator
DEPARTMENTS OF MINERALOGY AND CONCHOLOGY
L. P. Gratacap, Ph.B., A.B., A.M., Curator
George F. Kunz, A.M., Ph.D., Honorary Curator of Gems
DEPARTMENT OF BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS
Prof. Ralph W. Tower. A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator
DEPARTMENT OF INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
Prof. William Morton Wheeler, Ph.D. Curator
Roy W. Miner, A.B., Assistant Curator
B. E. Dahloren, D.M.D., Assistant Curator
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY
Prof. Ralph W. Tower, A.B., A.M.. Ph.D., Curator
DEPARTMENT OF MAPS AND CHARTS
A. Woodward, Ph.D., Curator
iv
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CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII.
Page
Title-Page i
Committee of Pubucation ii
Officers and Trustees .... ... iii
Scientific Staff iv
Contents v
List of Illustrations vii
No. 1, JANUARY.
Editorial Note 3
Reception to Commander Peary 3
A Zoological Expedition to New Mexico and Arizona . . 4
The Skeleton of the Columbian Mammoth. (Illustrated) 5
Department of Vertebrate Pal.eontology; Field Expedi-
tions OF 1906. (Illustrated) 6
The Selma Meteorite. By E. O. Hovey. (Illustrated) . . 8
Museum News Notes 12
Lectures 15
Meetings of Societies 16
No. 2, FEBRUARY.
Memorials of Men of Science. (Illustrated.) .... 19
Exhibition of Progress of Science 21
Expedition to the Desert of Fayoum, E(jyi*t .... 25
The Museum Bulletin for 1906 26
Museum News Notes 28
Lecture Announcements 31
Meetings of Societies 32
No. 3, MARCH.
The African Lion "Hannibal." (Illustrated) .... 35
The Naosaurus, or ** Ship-Lizard." (Illustrated) . . 36
A New Eskimo Exhibit. (Illustrated.) 41
Museum News Notes 44
Lecture Announcements 47
Meetings OF Societies . . . ... . . . 48
V ......
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CONTENTS.
No. 4, APRIL.
New Guide Leaflet
Habitat Groups of Birds. (Illustrated) .
The Museum's New Whales. (Illustrated.)
The Egyptian Expedition
The Results of the Tjader Expedition. (Illustrated)
Museum News Notes
Lecture Announcements
Meetings of Societies
No. 5, MAY.
The South Central African Collection.
(Illustrated)
The Department of Mineraix)gy
Museum News Notes ....
Meetings of Societies
By Clark Wissler
No. 6, OCTOBER.
The Warren Mastodon. (Illustrated)
A Blackfoot Lodge, or Tepee. (Illustrated) .
The Museum Whales. (Illustrated) ....
An Exhibition of Museum Art and Methods .
New Features of the Exhibition Halls
A DiPLODOcus FOR THE Frankfurt Museum. (Illustmtai)
The Robley Collection of Maori Heads
Museum News Notes
Lecture Announcements
Meetings of Societies
No. 7, NOVEMBER.
Ahnighito, The Great Cape York Meteorite. (lUustmted) .
Collections from the Congo
A Collection from the TukXno Indians of South America.
By C. W. Mead (With Map)
The Pronghorn, or American Antelopj:. (Illustrated)
l^E New Hall of Recent Fishes
The Forel Collection of Ants
The Circulating Nature Study Collections ....
The Model of the Atlantic Squid. (Illustrated)
Museum News Notes
Lecture Announcements
Meetings of Societies
51
51
53
57
58
62
63
64
67
84
85
88
91
92
94
9(>
97
.98
100
UK)
lo:?
104
107
107
108
110
112
112
113
114
116
119
120
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ILLUSTRATIONS.
No. 8, DECEMBER.
A Report on Expeditions made in 1907 under the "North
American Ornithology Fund." By Frank M. Chap-
man (IllvMrated) 121
An Aleutian Basket. By ]\Iary Lois Kissell {Illustrated) 133
An An'p-hunting Trip to Europe in the Summer of 1907 136
The Flying-dragon Group {Illustrated) 138
Museum News Notes 139
Lecture Announcements 141
Meetings of Societies 142
List of Guide-Leaflets Pubushed by the Museum . . 143
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page
The Columbian Mammoth 2
Scene in Washakie Basin 7
The Selma Meteorite. Front view 9
The Selma Meteorite. Rear view 10
The Selma Meteorite. Two views of opposite edges . . 11
Northeast Quarter of Foyer 18
WiLUAM Couper 20
The Barbary Lion "Hannibal** 34
Completed Plaster Cast of Lion 36
"Hannibal" 37
The Skeleton of Naosaurus 40
Model of Naosaurus 40
Interior of Eskimo Igloo 42
Eskimo Woman Fishing through the Ice 43
Ward's Great Blue Heron 50
The Prairie Hen 52
The Amagansett Right V. hale. Stripping; off the blubbei . . 54
The Amagansett Right Whale. Lower jawbone ... 54
The Amagansett Right Whale. The upper jaw ... 55
The Wainscott Whale 55
Map of part of British East Africa 58
Part of Tjader Expedition Crossing a River ... 59
Elephant taken Near Nakuru 59
Giraffe Seventeen Feet Tall 60
Rhinoceros, 10 feet 8 inches long, 5 feet high ... 60
The Victorla Falls of the Zambezi River .... 66
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ILLUSTRATIONS.
A Bechuana Village 69
A Girl Grinding Kaffir Corn 73
A Hoe from Khama's Kingdom, Bechuanaland ... 76
Baskets, Pottery, Gourds and Wooden Ware ... 77
A Carved wooden Stool 79
Carved Knob-Sticks from Mulandi 80
Making a Large Storage Basket 81
The Warren Mastodon 91)
A Blackfoot Lodge, or Tepee 93
Head of the Atlantic Fin Back Whale 94
The Atlantic Fin Back Whale, or Rorqual .... 95
The Skeleton of Dipix)docus 98
The New Buildings of the Scientific Societies, Frankfurt
ON THE Main, Germany 99
Ahnighito, The Great Cape York Meteorite . . . 106
Sketch Map of Northwestern South America ... 109
Pronghorn, or American Antelope Ill
Precious Opal on Quartzite (Colored plate between pages 112-113)
Model OF THE Common Atlantic Squid* 115
Wild Turkeys in the Mts. of W. Va. . . . Facing 121
Camp on Cay Verde 122
The Wild-Turkey Habitat Group in Process of Preparation . 123
Cypresses in which the Egrets Nest 125
The Brown Pelican Habitat group 126
An Egret Family 127
Ring-billed and Caufornia Guli^ 128
Habitat group showing Cactus-Desert Bird Life of Arizona 129
Camp at Ptarmigan Pass 130
A Ptarmigan on her Nest 131
Aleutian Basket . . 134
Aleutian Basket. The Bottom 135
The Flying-dragon Group 138
viii
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Volume VII, Number i
J
January, 1907
THE
American Museum
Journal
Published monthly from October to May inclusive by
The American Museum of Natural History
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American Museum of Natural History
SeTfint^-seTentJi Bisect and Central Park Wost, Hew York City
Fir^t Vice-PTem^d^nt
J» PiERPONT Morgan
Treasurer
Chahleb Lani£r
Director
Hermon C. Bumpus
OFFIOEBS
Pre&ideni
MoRKis K. JEaup
Sec<md Vtce-Premdenl
Henky F, Osborn
Secretary
J« Hampden Hobb
Ag^istani Secretary-Treasurer
George H, Sherwood
BOAED OF TRUSTEES
Glass of 1907
D. O. MILLS
ARCHIBALD ROGERS
ADRIAN ISEUN, Jr.
Glass of 1906
ALBERT 3. BICKMORE
C0R2CELIUS C. CUYLER
H. O. HAVEMEYER
A. D. JUILLIARD
CLEVELAND H. DODGE
Class of 1909
FREDERICK E. HYDE
GEORGE S. BOWDOIN
MORRIS K. JESUP
JOSEPH H. CHOATE
HENRY F. OSBORN
Class of 1910
J. PIERPONT MORGAN
GEORGE G. HAVEN
J. HAMPDEN ROBB
ARTHUR CURTISS JAMES
Class of 1911
PERCY R. PYNE
CHARLES LANIER
ANSON W, HARD
SETH LOW
WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER
GUSTAV E. KISSEL
The Asierican Museum op Natural History was established iti 1869 to promote
the Ntttur^ Sciences and to diffuse a general knowledge of them among the people, and
it is in cordial cooperation with all similar institutions throughout the woiid. The Museum
authorities are dependent upon private subseriptions and the dues from members for pro-
curing needed additions to the collections and for canying on explorations in America
and other parts of the world.
The membership fees are,
Annual Members ..,, , S 10
Life Members . .... 100
Fellows _ s 500
Patrons. ....._ lOOO
All money received from membership fees ia used for increasing the collections and
for developing the educational work of tne Museum.
The Museum is open free to the public on WedneadaySp Thursdays, Fridays, Satui^
days and Sundays. Admittance is free to Members every day.
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The American Museum Journal
Vol. VII DECEMBER, 1907 No. 8
A REPORT ON EXPEDITIONS MADE IN 1907 UNDER THE
« NORTH AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY FUND."
[HROUGH the continued generous cooperation of the sub-
scribers to the "North American Ornithology Fund,"
further important additions have been made to our series
of " Habitat Groups " of North American birds.
The collections and field studies on which these groups
are based can be made only during the nesting season.
The work for this year was therefore planned to cover as long a nesting
period as possible, beginning with southern species which nest as early
as January and ending with northern birds which are not concerned with
domestic affairs until July. In brief, the schedule was as follows:
March. — Southeastern Bahamas for Man-o'-war Birds and Boobies.
April. — Southern border of the Florida Everglades for Spoonbills
and Ibises.
May. — South Carolina for White Egrets.
June. — Plains of Saskatchewan for Wild Geese and Grebes.
July. — Summits of the Canadian Rockies for Ptarmigan and other
Arctic-Alpine Birds.
The species of birds here included show wide variation in form and in
nesting habits, while the country in which they live — their "habitat" —
presents an even greater diversity, as we pass from a coral islet to a
mangrove swamp or a cypress forest and over the rolling plains to the
snow-clad mountain crests. The subjects selected were thus designed
to add to the zoological as well as geographical instructiveness of the
exhibits as a whole.
A series of mishaps so prolonged the Bahaman expedition that I was
prevented from reaching the Everglades in time to find Spoonbills nesting,
but, with this exception, the schedule outlined above was followed with
eminently satisfactory results.
On March 28, with Dr. Alfred G. Mayer and Mr. George Shiras,
3d, I sailed from Miami, Florida, for Nassau, Bahamas, aboard the 58-
foot auxiliary ketch, "Physalia," belonging to the Marine Biological
121
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122 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL
Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution. Dr. Mayer, who is the Director
of the laboratory, was in command, and to his cooperation the Museum
is indebted for the success which attended our efforts to secure material
and studies for the groups of Man-o'-war Birds and Boobies; indeed,
had it not been for Dr. Mayer's skilful seamanship, it is probable that
the expedition would not have returned at all.
Nassau was reached March 29 at midnight. Laboratory supplies
were landed for the use of members of the staff who proposed to remain
CAMP ON CAY VERDE
here to study, and, permission to collect the birds needed having been
promptly granted by the Bahaman Gk)vemment, we set sail for Cay
Verde, March 31 at 7 a. m.
Cay Verde is an uninhabited islet some forty acres in area situated
on the eastern edge of the Columbus Bank, between the Ragged Islands
and Inaugua. It is only 250 miles from Nassau, but adverse weather
conditions, which at times threatened us with serious disaster, lengthened
our voyage thither to ten days. The absence of definite information,
both as to the number of birds frequenting Cay Verde and the time of
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124 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL
their nesting, made the outcome of our trip more or less uncertain, and
the difficulties encountered in reaching this remote islet added in no small
degree to the pleasure with which we found it thickly populated with
Boobies and Man-o*-war Birds whose nesting season was at its height.
There is no harbor at Cay Verde, and, fearing that we might be forced
by a storm to sail before our work was finished, Mr. Shiras and I camped
on the islet, while Dr. Mayer anchored off shore, changing his position
from one side of the Cay to the other as the wind shifted.
We estimated that there were about 3000 Boobies and 500 Man-o'-
war Birds on Cay Verde. The Boobies nested on the ground, the Man-
o'-war Birds in the dense thickets of sea grape and cactus. Some nests
contained fresh eggs, but the larger number held young birds in various
stages of development, while a few young were already on the wing.
The existing conditions therefore presented an epitome of the whole
nesting season.
The Boobies were remarkably tame, and our intrusion occasioned
surprise and resentment rather than fear. One could walk among them
as one would through a poultry yard, examining the nests and their
occupants without attempt at concealment. The Man-o'-war Birds
were more suspicious but still were approached without diflSculiy. Under
these circumstances photographs and specimens were easily secured, and
in the course of three days satisfactory material was collected for the
proposed group. A much longer period would be required to make
adequate studies of the life of this bird community. Cay Verde was left
April 11, and, after encountering the usual unfavorable[|conditions and
some mishaps, we arrived at Miami, Florida, April 29.
It being now too late to do the work planned for southern Florida, I
proceeded to South Carolina, being joined by Mr. J. D. Figgins of the
Museum's Department of Preparation and by Mr. Bruce Horsfall, the
artist who has so successfully painted many of the backgrounds of the
groups already completed.
It has long been our desire to include the White Egret in the series of
" Habitat Groups," but plume hunters have brought this bird so near the
verge of extennination that our efl^orts to find a "rookery" in which
suitable studies might be made were fruitless before the present year.
In February, 1907, information was received of the existence of a colony
of Egrets on a large game preserve in South Carolina, and the owners
of the preserve readily granted the Museum permission to make the
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BIRD COLLECTING
125
necessary studies and collections. On the arrival of our expedition
every facility for our work in the way of transportation, guides and
other necessaries was accorded us.
When the ground in which the rookery is situated was acquired by the
CYPRESSES IN WHICH THE EGRETS NEST
The blind from which the birds were studied may be seen in the
upper right-hjind corner of the picture
club now owning it, plume hunters had nearly exterminated the aigrette-
bearing Herons which formerly inhabited it in large numbers. A few
had escaped, and after seven years of protection they have formed one
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BIRD COLLECTING
127
of the largest colonies of this much-persecuted bird now existing in the
United States. Six other species of Herons were found nesting with the
White Egrets, the whole forming a rookery like those which existed
commonly in the days of Audubon, but which are now almost unknown
in the United States.
A former *'plumer/' now chief warden in charge of the preserve,
stated that both the Little White or Snowy Egret and the Roseate Spoon-
bill were once found in the region, but their complete annihilation left
no stock which, under protection, might prove the source of an ever-
AN EGRET FAMILY
increasing progeny. It is doubtful if these birds could be introduced,
but in any event the preservation of the WTiite Egret alone is a sufficient
cause for thanksgiving, and bird lovers will learn with gratification of the
existence of an asylum where this beautiful creature will long be assured
of a haven of refuge.
The Egrets were nesting high in the cypress trees which grow in a
lake several miles in length. In order, therefore, to make the photo-
graphic studies so essential to the taxidermist in securing life-like poses
for his subjects, as well as to learn something also, of the Egrets' little-
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128
THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL
known home life, the artificial umbrella-blind employed on many previous
occasions for similar purposes was placed fifty feet up in a cypress tree
and draped with "Spanish moss" {TiUandsia), From it photographs
of the birds nesting in neighboring trees were eventually made. The
surroundings were of great beauty, and Mr. Horsfall's carefully made
studies will enable him to reproduce in his background the singular
charm of a flooded cypress forest.
RING-BILLED AND CALIFORNIA GULLS
On June 5, accompanied by Mr. L. A. Fuertes, as artist, I left New
York for Maple Creek, Saskatchewan, on the line of the Canadian Paci-
fic railway. This is a region of rolling plains dotted with lakes and ponds
which, when the water is not too alkaline, support, in their shallower
parts, a dense growth of rushes, the home of Grebes, Coots, Bitterns,
Franklin's (tuIIs and Ruddy, Red-headed and Canvasback Ducks.
About the grassy borders of the lakes and sloughs, ^Mallards, Gadwalls,
Pintails, Widgeon, Blue-winged Teal and other ducks nest. These
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130
THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL
species were also found on islands in the lakes, where alone the Wild
Groose was known to nest, while some small islets were virtually covered
by hosts of Gulls and Pelicans.
On the prairies Long-billed Curiew, Marbled Gt)dwits, and Bartra-
mian Sandpipers or "Upland Plover" as sportsmen know them, lay
their eggs. The region has well been called the nursery of i\ild-fowl,'^as.
at one time were our border states to the south; but the advance of civi-
lization, which first transforms a buffalo range into a cattle country and
CAMP AT PTARMIGAN PASS
later into a wheat ranch, has already reached the early stages of its agri-
cultural development about Maple Creek and the forced retreat of the
wild fowl to the more remote north is only a question of time. The
Canadian Government would do well to set aside some of its still unsettled
lands as permanent breeding reservations to w^hich year after year the
water-fowl could return to nest. Such rcvservations would be nurseries
and, by permitting a bird to reproduce, would be of infinitely more im-
portance than preserves which afford protection only during the winter^
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BIRD COLLECTING
131
Near Maple Creek materials were secured for groups of Wild Geese,
Western and Eared Grebes, the Long-billed Curlew and Bartramian
Sandpiper, due permission having first been received from the Chief
Game Guardian of the Province. The lack of timber and of drinking
water made this region poor camping ground and while himting and
collecting we were given quarters with Mr. Andrew Scott on Crane Lake
and with the Messrs. Baynton on Big Stick Lake. To these gentlemen
A PTARMIGAN ON HER NEST
Mr. Fuertes about to stroke the bird
we are indebted not alone for entertainment but also for much practical
assistance.
July 2 we resumed our western journey, in search now of those Arctic
birds which on the alpine summits of the Rocky Mountains find con-
genial surroundings. After inquiry at various places, we decided to
camp near the Ptarmigan I^akes, where we were informed the birds we
wanted could be found. Saddle and pack horses and a guide were
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132 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURXAL
secured at Laggan, and on July 8 we encamped just below the entrance
to Ptarmigan Pass near timberline, which here is at an altitude of 7500
feet above the sea.
The alpine spring was at its height. The wet meadows, from which
the snow had but lately disappeared, were yellow with butter-cups, the
borders of the rapidly shrinking snow banks were starred with large white
alpine anemones, on the drier slopes heather bloomed luxuriantly, and
the rocks were covered with flowering Dryas. The lakes were still ice-
bound; the mercurj' reached the freezing point nightly, and we experi-
enced several storms of snow and sleet.
Our work in this indescribably picturesque region was unexpectedly
successful, specimens of birds and plants and a large number of photo-
graphs being obtained. Furthermore, the view from the heather-grown
home of the Ptarmigan, which will form the actual foreground of our
group, southward through the Ptarmigan Pass was of exceptional
grandeur, even in this land of sublime scenery. The successively fainter
timber-clad shoulders of the gap leading to the Bow Valley are backed
by Mt. Temple towering impressively, the central peak on horizon
marked to the cast by the spire-like summits of the mountains about
Moraine Lake and to the west by Mts. Hungabee, Lefroy and Victoria.
The tourists who climb these mountams or penetrate the valleys
lying between them may obtain a far more striking view of the range by
crossing the Bow River at Laggan and ascending the mountains to the
north in which the studies for our Ptarmigan group were made.
Frank M. Chapman.
There has recently l>een installed in the Hall of Invertebrates, on
the ground floor of the Museum, an interesting series of models showing
the larval, pupal and adult stages in the life historj' of the mosquito
which has been proven to cause the spread of malaria. The models are
75 times as great in linear dimensions as is the insect itself, and there-
fore the volume is more than 420,000 times that of the living animal.
On this scale, the adult mosquito stands one and one half feet in height
and is three feet long. The spread of the wings is three feet and the
mouth parts (beak) are one foot long. All the details of the ana-
tomical structure of the animal have been reproduced with scientific
accuracy and painstaking labor. A guide leaflet upon this model and
the life history of the malaria mosquito is in course of preparation.
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A NEW BASKF.r 133
AN ALEUTIAN BASKET.
HROUGH Mrs. Marj' Graham Young the American
Museum has recently received from the Women's
National Relief Association, or Blue Anchor Society,
a small Aleutian basket which is unique in its way.
The Aleuts, the Indians dwelling on the Aleutian
Islands, are considered a division of the Eskimo.
Though now far advanced toward civilization, they still retain their
native skill in the textile art. Their basketrj' first came to notice
through specimens brought from the inhabitants of Attn Island, hence
all baskets of this type usually pass under the name Attn. Taking the
recent gift as a representative basket, it may be interesting to know
something of its making.
The gathering and preparing of the material used in the wea\dng
is an annual task of no small importance. Early in July a great har-
vesting party of women starts out to get the \^nld rye, called "beach
grass," which is the only suitable basket material to be found on the
islands. This is a coarse grass, with leaves about two feet long and
half an inch wide, growing plentifully along the coast and on the hills.
It is to the high land, however, that the women go to find the best mate-
rial. Only two or three of the young and delicate leaves are selected
from each stalk, hence this is no easy and rapid gathering, and it is
with the greatest patience that the native women reap their harvest.
The drying or curing process is a long one. First the beach grass
is spread out in rows on the ground in a shady place. As it dries, it is
turned frequently. This stage of the drying takes about two weeks.
Then the grass is sorted as to size and taken into the house, the coarser
leaves split with the thumb-nail into three parts, the middle or midrib
being discarded, and the fine leaves left unsplit, because still too tender
for such treatment. Bundles are now made of all the material, and
for a month on cloudy days these are hung out on a line. The final
drying is done indoors and then the grass is separated into small wisps
about the size of a finger, with the ends braided loosely so that the grass
may not tangle when a thread is pulled from the wisp. This single
thread may be split by the thumb nail to any size desired at the time
it is used.
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134
THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL
A great part of the weaving is done during the winter months and
indoors. The underground huts of the Aleuts are made of driftwoods
wreckage, or timber deposited by ships, covered over with sod. These
grass-covered mounds, which are about six feet high, have a little door
at one end and a small glazed window at the other, and it is marvelous
ALEUTIAN BASKET
that such fine and beautiful baskets can be made in such places, and
with such light, the specimen here illustrated having fmm twenty-five
to thirty stitches to the inch. John Smith's Indians used to suspend
their baskets from the limb of a tree during the weaving, but these
people hang theirs from a pole after the bottom has been completed
or support them on sticks thrust into the ground, weaving the sides down-
ward, that is with the basket upside down.
The Aleuts make several weaves. This basket is of plain twine-
weave with two exquisitely wrought rows of hemstitching on the bottom,
while the sides are decorated with four borders of false embroidery.
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A NEW BASKET 135
The encircling bands, composed of lines and rectangles are in red^
green and blue worsted and silk thread and white skin from the throat
of a fish of the sculpin family cut into fine threads.
On the lid are three more bands, with an attractive medallion in
ALEUTIAN BASKET. THE BOTTOM
colors on the knob or handle. The technique of the false embroiderjr
is interesting, as the patterns are woven into the texture, but not thiough
to the inside of the basket. At each stitch where the design is desired
as the two weavers which form the weft inclose the warp spoke, the outer
weaver is wrapped by the colored thread. Within the knob on the
cover are several pebbles that rattle when shaken. The sound is con-
sidered to resemble the rattHng of stones on a beach as they are moved
by the waves. A full discussion of this subject can be found in the^
Craftsman, March, 1904, and Mason's "Indian Basketry."
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136 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL
This exquisite basket, which is a masterpiece of Aleutian workman-
ship, was given to the Blue Anchor Society by the chief of the Attn in
token of appreciation of certain assistance rendered the tribe during
a period of distress, and it has been given to the American Museum
for permanent presentation. ]Mary Lois Kissell.
AN ANT-HUNTING TRIP TO EUROPE IN THE SUMMER
OF 1907.
IIK past summer was devoted by Dr. W. M. Wheeler to
a study of the European Formicida* {ants) and to secur-
ing extensive series of these insects for the Museum,
'i'^his study was necessary for the purpose of throwing
light on the structure, habits and relationships of our
North American forms, many of which are regarded as
mere subspecies or varieties of well-known palearctic (European and
North Asiatic) species. After collecting for a short time at Ponta Del-
gada in the Azores, a locality in which no ants had been collected pre-
viously, at Gibraltar and at G^noa, Dr. Wheeler selected Switzerland
as the best place in which to continue his work, because this country
presents an extraordinary variety of physical and biological conditions
and therefore an epitome, so to speak, of the whole ant fauna of Europe,
and because it has become the classical locality for such studies through
the remarkable work of Pierre Huber during the early years of the
nineteenth century and of Auguste Forel during the past half century.
Professor Forel, the most eminent of living myrmecologists, who until
recently has been residing at Chigny near Lausanne on the shore of
Lake Leman, showed the greatest interest in Dr. Wheeler's studies
and gave him invaluable assistance, both by directing him to the most
profitable localities in which to observe and collect ants and by accom-
panying him on excursions in the vicinity of Geneva and in Canton
Vaud. Subsequently Dr. ^\^leeler made expeditions to Yvome, Fully,
Sion and Sierre in the upper valley of the Rhone (Canton Valais),
to the Jura, to Locarno, Lugano, Bellinzona, Mendrisio, Monte Ceneri
and Monte Generoso in Canton Ticino and to the Albula Pass, Samaden,
Pontresina, St. Moritz and Silva Plana in the Upper Engadine (Canton
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AXT HUNTING IN EUROPE 137
of Orisons). Owing to the great variety and difference in the alti-
tude of the country covered in these expeditions, it was possible to
secure large series of specimens of all but a very few of the Formicida?
known to occur in central and northern Europe and to gain an ultimate
acquaintance with these insects and their parasites and messmates.
Particularly valuable was the series of observations on the habits and
development of the singular ant-nest beetle Lomechusa strumosa ob-
served in the pine-woods of the Upper Engadine. After spending two
months in Switzerland, Dr. Wheeler continued his observations at
Wiirzburg in Bavaria and in the vicinity of Dresden in Saxony. In
the former locality he was generously assisted in the collection of material
by Professors Spemann and Lehmann of the University and in the latter
by Professor Escherich of the Royal Academy of Forestry at Tharandt
and Mr. H. Viehmeyer of Dresden. The results of Dr. Wheeler's
comparative studies of the North American and European ant faunas
will be published in the Museum ** Bulletin."
Tuesday afternoon, October 29, the National Association of Audu-
bon Societies held its annual meeting at the Museum. The meeting
was largely attended, and, after routine business had been despatched,
it was addressed by Mr. Frank M. Chapman, Associate Curator of Birds,
who gave an illustrated account of the "Home Life of the White Egret. '^
]Mr. William Dutcher was re-elected president of the organization.
The first Conference of Anglers was held at the Museum Monday
evening, November 11, under the presidency of Dr. Henry Van Dyke
of Princeton University, for the purpose of exchanging views, obtaining
information and uniting more closely and effectively for the protection
of the game fishes and for the improvement of the sport of angling.
Wednesday evening, October 30, the Museum, in cooperation with
the New York Academy of Sciences, had the pleasure of offering to its
members and their friends an illustrated lecture by Professor William
Bateson of St. John's College, Cambridge, England. The lecture was
upon the subject **The Inheritance of Color in Animals and Plants"
and was a popular exposition of the now famous Mendelian Law of
Heredity.
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138
THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL
THE " FLTING-DRAGON" GROUP.
HE remarkable little lizard shown in the group illus-
trated on this page, the so-called Flying Dragon (Draco
volans Gray), takes its name from the numerous
wing-like membranous expansions of its sides, which
act like aeroplanes as the animal jumps or floats from
branch to branch of the trees in which it dwells. These
THE FLYING-DRAGON GROUP
In East Mammal Hall, No. 207 of the main floor
folds of skin are supported by the five or six posterior pairs of ribs and
may be folded like fans. On the throat of the male are three pointed
orange-colored appendages, of which the middle is the longer. In the
female these appendages are blue. The metallic sheen of the body and
the prettily marked orange and black wings of the animal harmonize
perfectly with the surrounding foliage and the gaudily colored flowers
among which it rests, and aid in concealing it from its enemies as well
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NFAVS NOTES 139
as from the insects for which it lies in wait. About twenty species of
these Flying Dragons are widely distributed throughout the Indo-
Malayan countries, though on account of their retiring habits they are
nowhere considered common.
The six specimens in this group were collected in the Island of Nias,
off Sumatra. The tree on which they perch is the Nutmeg (Myristica
fragrans) ; the orchid is the beautiful Phalamopsis schilleriana of Indo-
Malaysia, and the climbing vine is Cissus discolor, a member of the
Grape family. The Butterfly is the graceful Leytocircus curias; the bee-
tles are Coryphocera dohmi and an unidentified Buprestid of this region.
The group was mounted by Mr. J. D. Figgins of the Museum staff.
MUSEUM NEWS NOTES.
At a meeting of the Board of Trustees which was held at the
Museum, November 11, resolutions of thanks were passed to the fol-
lowing friends of the institution :
To His Excellency C. A. M. Liebrechts of Brussels, Belgium,
for his assistance in connection with the Congo Exhibit, and he was
elected a Patron.
To Professor A. Forel of Yvorne, Switzerland, for his presentation
of a collection of ants, and he was elected a Patron.
To Mrs. Robert Winthrop for her contribution toward the
development of the Habitat Groups of North American birds, and
she was elected a Fellow.
To Mr. J. F. Freire Murta for the gift of a collection of tourma-
lines, aquamarines and other gem material, and he was elected a
Life Member.
To Mr. E. P. INIathewson for his gift of ethnological specimens
from Chile, and he was elected a Life Member.
To Mr. Frank K. Sturgis for his contributions to the field work
of the Department of Vertebrate Palaeontology, and he was elected
a Life Member.
To Mr. Percy R. Pyxe and Mr. J. P. Morgan, Jr., for their con-
tributions to the Alaskan Mammoth expedition.
To Mr. J. Pierpont IMorgan for his gift of a boulder of New
Zealand Jade.
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140 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL
At the same meeting His Honor, Mayor George B. McClellax
and Hon. Herman A. Metz were elected Patrons, and the election of
Messrs. F. L. St. John, William D. Guthrie and John Treadwell
Nichols to Life Membership through the subscription of one hundred
dollars each was announced.
Director Bltvipfs returned November 9 from a brief trip to Europe
which was taken for the purpose of representing the American Museum
at the dedication of the Senckenberg Museum at Frankfurt, Germany,
October 13. While abroad. Dr. Bumpus took advantage of the oppor-
tunity to visit many of the principal museums on the Continent inspect-
ing collections and museum methods in general.
Two pairs of antique carved elephant tusks and two carved ivory
gods, all from the Benin district of the West Coast of Africa, have been
acquired recently by the Museum. They were taken from King Prem-
peh by a detachment of the British army which had been sent into the
country to punish his tribe for cannibalism. All the objects were
veritable idols to which human sacrifices were made and which had been
held in high veneration by the natives for generations.
The Museum has recently received forty-four interesting arrow
heads found by H. W . Seton-Karr, Esq., during nine expeditions through
the Desert of Fayoum, Egypt. Besides these, there are nine large
arrow or spear heads, thirteen knives, three bent or wavy flakes worked
on the edges and peculiar to the Fayoum Desert, one long worked flake
and two adzes made of stone. The objects were found on the sites of
ancient villages, but there is now no water near them, and the village-
sites are indicated by mealing stones or grinders found bottom side up.
There are also four celts or chisels from India.
Dr. Robert H. Lovvie recently returned from a Museum expedition
to Alberta and Montana. Dr. Lowie left New York on June 8 for
Gleichen, Alberta, where he collected notes on the Northern Blackfoot.
At Morley, Alberta, he camped for seven weeks with the "Stoney"
Assiniboine, gathering a collection to represent their mythology. Then
Crow Agency, Montana, was visited, where specimens and notes on the
social and ceremonial organization of the Crow were obtained.
The bequest mentioned on page 116 should have been credited to.
the estate of Benjamin P. Davis, Esq.
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LECTURES 141
LEOTURE ANNOUNOEMENTS.
MEMBERS' COURSE.
Thursday evenings at 8:15 o'clock. Open to Members and to those
holding complimentary tickets given them by Members.
December 5. — Harlan I. Smith, "An Unknown Field in American
Archaeology."
December 12. — Frederic A. Lucas, "The Fur Seal — Its History and
Habits."
PUPILS' COURSE.
Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, at 4 o'clock.
Open to School Children, when accompanied by their Teachers, and to
children of members, on presentation of Membership Ticket.
Wednesday, December 4. — "Forests and their Dependent Industries."
By A. C. BuRRiLL.
Friday, December 6. — "Historic Scenes in New England." By
G. H. Sherwood.
Monday, December 9. — "Peoples of the Earth." By H. I. Smith.
Wednesday, December 11. — "Scenes in our Western States." By R. C.
Andrews.
Friday, December 13.— "Famous Rivers of the Worid." By R. W.
Miner.
LEGAL HOLIDAY COURSE.
Fully illustrated. Open free to the public. No tickets required.
Doors open at 2:45, lectures begin at 3:15 o'clock.
The pmgramme for the season 1907-1908 is as follows:
Thanksgiving Day, November 28, 1907.
A ^lonth's Tour of the Yellowstone Park . . Edmund Otis Hovey
Christinas Day, December 25, 1907.
Hiawatha's People Harlan L Smith
New Year's Day, January 1, 1908.
An Ornithologist's Travels in the West . . Frank M. Chapman
Washington's Birthday, February 22, 1908.
Mines, Quarries and "Steel Construction " . . Louis P. Gratacap
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142 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL
PEOPLE'S COURSE.
Given in cooperation with the City Department of Education.
Tuesday evenings at 8 o'clock. Doors open at 7 : 30.
December 3. — Miss Carolina H. Huidobro, " Typical Life in Chile."
December 10.— Mrs. M. Claire Finney, "The Land of the Incas."
Saturday evenings, at 8 o'clock. Doors open at 7:30.
December 7.— J. Russell Smith, Ph. D., **The Story of a Ton of Coal."
December 14. — J. Russell Smith, Ph. D., **The Story of a Piece of
Board."
MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.
Meetings of the New York Academy of Sciences and its Affiliated
Societies will be held at the Museum during the current month as follows :
On Mondays at 8:15 P. M. The New York Academy of Sciences:
December 2. — Business meeting and Section of Geology and Miner-
alogy.
December 9. — Section of Biology.
On Monday, December 30. — The Linna»an Society.
On Tuesday evenings as announced:
The Linnjean Society, The New York Entomological Society and
The Torrey Botanical Club.
On Friday evenings as announced:
The New York Microscopical Society.
Full programmes of the meetings of the several organizations are pub-
lished in the weekly Bulletin of the Academy and sent to the members of the
societies. On making request of the Director of the Museum, our Members
will be provided with this Bvlletin as issued. The meetings are public.
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MUSEUM GUIDE LEAFLETS 143
Guide Leaflets Pablisbed by the
AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
For Sale at the Museum.
(Issued as supplements to The American Museum Journal)
No. 1.— THE BIRD ROCK GROUP. By Frank M. Chapman,
Associate Curator of Mammalogy and Ornithology. October,
1901. Price, 10 cents.
No. 2.— THE SAGINAW VALI^Y COLLECTION. By Harlan
I. Smith, Assistant Curator of Archaeology. December, 1901.
Price, 10 cents.
No. 3.— THE HALL OF FOSSIL VERTEBRATES. By W. D.
Matthew, Ph.D., Assistant Curator of Vertebrate Palaeontol-
ogy. January, 1902. Out of print.
No. 4.— THE COLLECTION OF MINERALS. By Louis P. Grata-
CAP, A. M., Curator of Mineralogy. February, 1902. Revised
edition, May, 1904. Price, 10 cents.
No. 5.— NORTH AMERICAN RUMINANTS. By J. A. Allen, Ph.D.
Curator of Mammalogy and Ornithology. March, 1902.
Revised edition, February, 1904. Price, 10 cents.
No. 6.— THE ANCIENT BASKET ]VL\KERS OF SOUTHEASTERN
UTAH. By George H. Pepper, Assistant in Anthropology.
April, 1902. Price, 10 cents.
No. 7.— THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK
CITY. By William Beutenmuller, Curator of Entomology.
May, 1902. Price, 15 cent^.
No. 8.— THE SEQUOIA. A Historical Review of Biological Science.
By George II. Sherwood, A. M., Assistant Curator. Nov-
ember, 1902. Price, 10 cents.
No. 9.— THE EVOLUTION OF THE HORSE. By W. D. Matthew,
Ph.D., Associate Curator of Vertebrate Palaeontology. Janu-
ary, 1903. Second edition. May, 1905. Price, 10 cents,
Xo. 10.— THE HAWK-MOTHS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK
CITY. By WiLUAM Beutenmuller, Curator of Entomology.
February, 1903. Price, 10 cents.
No. 11.— THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE INCAS. By
Charles W\ Mead, Assistant in Archaeology. July, 1903.
Price, 10 cents.
No. 12.— THE COLLECTION OF FOSSIL VERTEBRATES. By
W. D. Matthew, Ph.D., Associate Curator of Vertebrate
Palaeontology. October, 1903. Price, 10 cents.
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144 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL
No. 13.— A GENERAL GUIDE TO THE AMERICAN MUSEUM
OF NATURAL HISTORY. Jan. 1904. Out of PHnt.
No. 14.— BIRD'S NESTS AND EGGS. By Frank M. Chapman,
Associate Curator of Mammalogy and Ornithology. April,
1904. Reprinted, February, 1905. Pri<x, 10 cents.
No. 15.— PRIMITIVE ART. July, 1904. Pri^, 15 cents.
No. 16.— THE INSECT-GALLS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK
CITY. By William Beutenmuller, Curator of Entomology.
October, 1904. Price, 15 cents,
{Reprinted from The American Mxiseum Journal.)
No. 17.— THE FOSSIL CARNIVORES, MARSUPIALS, AND SMALL
MAMMALS IN THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATU-
RAL HISTORY. By W. D. Matthew, Ph. D., Associate Cu-
rator of Vertebrate Palaeontology. Jan. 1905. Price, 15 cents.
No. 18.— THE MOUNTED SKELETON OF BRONTOSAURUS. By
W. D. Matthew, Ph.D., Associate Curator of Vertebrate
Palaeontology. April, 1905. Ovt of print.
No. 19.— THE REPTILES OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK
CITY. By Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator of Reptiles, New
York Zoological Park. July, 1905. Price, 15 cents.
No. 20.— THE BATRACHI ANS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK
CITY. By Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator of Reptiles,
New York Zoological Park. October, 1905. Price, 15 cents.
No. 21.— THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MOLLUSK. By B. E. Dahl-
GREN, D.M.D. January, 1906. Price, 10 cents.
No. 22.— THE BIRDS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY.
By Frank M. Chapman, Associate Curator of Mammalogy
and Ornithology. April- July, 1906. Price, 15 cents.
No. 23.— THE SPONGE ALCOVE. By Roy W. Miner, Assistant
Curator of Invertebrate Zoology. Oct. 1906. Price, 10 cents.
{Published as a separate series,)
No. 24.— PERUVIAN MUMMIES. By Charles W. Mead, Depart-
ment of Ethnology. March, 1907. Price, 10 cents.
No. 25.— PIONEERS OF AMERICAN SCIENCE. Memorials of the
naturalists whose busts are in the Foyer of the Museum. April,
1907. Price, 15 cents.
No. 26.— THE FOYER COLLECTION OF METEORITES. By
Edmund Otis Hovey, Associate Curator of Geology. Decem-
ber, 1907. Price, 10 cents. In press.
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Scientific Stdff
DmECTOR
Hebmox C. Btjmpub, Ph.D., Sc, D,
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
Prof, Ai^ERT 8. BiCKMORE, B. S., PI1.D., LL.D., Curator Emeritua
Geohqe H. Sherwood, A.B., A,M,, Curator
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY
Prof, R. P, Whitfielb, A.M.. Curator
Edmund Otis Hovict, A>B., Pn.D,, Associate Curator
DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY
Prof. J. A. AiXEN, Ph.D., Curator
Fhan£ M. Chapman, Associate Cuiator
DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE PALAEONTOLOGY
ProL Hbistrt Faihfield Osborn, A.B., Sc.D., LL.D.^ D.Sc, Cui^tor
W. D. Matthew, Ph.B., A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Associate Curator
0. P. Hay, A.B., A.M., Ph,D., Associate Curator of Chelonia
Prof. BAaHFORD Dean, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator of Foaail Fishes
Louis Hussakop, B. S., Ph. D., Assifltant
DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOLOGY
QhAMK W1S8LER A.B., A.M., PkD., Curator
RiULAN I. Smith, Aasi^ant Curator
George H. Pepper, Aflaistant
Charles W. Mead, Assistant
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHMOWGY
Pmi. Marsham* H. Saville, Associate Curator
DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
WiUJAM BEUTENiit^LLiiB, Cuiator
DEPARTMENTS OF MINERALOGY AND CONCHOLOGY
L. R Gratacap, Ph.B., A.B., A.M., Curator
George F. Kunz, A.M., Ph.D., Honorary Curator of Gems
DEPARTMENT OF BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS
Prof. Ralph W. Tower, A,B,, A.M., Ph.D., Curator
DEPARTMENT OF INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
Prof. William Mobtoh Wheeler, Ph,D. Curator
Roy W. Miner, A.B., Assistant Curator
B. E. DahloreNj D.M.D., AssistaDt Curator
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY
Plot Rajjh W. Tower, AB., A.M., Ph.D-, Curator
DEPARTMENT OF MAPS AND CHARTS
A. Woodward, Pii.D., Curator
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The American Museum Journal
EDMtmu Ona Hovbt, Edilor
Frank M. Chapman, t
Loom F. Gratacaf, I Adifiaorjf Board
Wtuaam K, Gregohy, J
Subscriptioii, One Dollar per year. Fifteen Cents per oopj.
A ■ubsoiiption to the Joubnai. m included in the membersfalp fees of &U classei of
Members of the Musenm.
Subscriptions should be addressed to The Ameri<mn Museum Journal, 30
Boykton St., Cambridge, Mass., or 77th St and Central Park We^,
New York City.
EateiQd u secocid-tlaff mfttter J&auAnr 12. 1907, at tb« Poat-offio« ftt Bogtoa, If iM.
Act of Congfet»t July Ifl, IffiM,
CONTEKTS, VOL* Vn, HO, 8
PAQE
A IIKPORT ON EXPEDITIONS MADE IN 1907 UNDER THE "NORTH
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY FUND." Bt Fmanx M. Chapman. {lUm-
traUd) , . 121
AN AUEITTIA^ BASKET. By Maey Lois Kissell. {mustrated) . . .133
AN ANT-HUNTIKG TRIP TO EUROPE IN THE SUMMER OF 1907 . . .136
THE FLllNG'DRAGON GROUP (Ill^istrnted) .138
MUSEUM NEWS NOTES . 139
LECTLTRE ANNOUNCEMENTS 141
MEETINGS OF StXIETIES 142
LIST OF GUIDE-LEAFLETS PUBLISHED BY THE MUSEUM . ,143
E. W. Tfteltr, PHrUer, Cambridge, Afo**,
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