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Title: The American rose magazine, v.2

Place of Publication: Harrisburg, Pa.

Master Negative Storage Number: MNS# PSt SNPaAgI 01 .2

Volume

1937

1938

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January -February, 1937

1 1 ^

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) \ - Edited hy
^A ^ J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

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Vol. II— N6. 1

1937 Rose Advance^

What will we do with the rose in America durfi^ r9tJ7?

Judging from the scope and vitality of the articles in
the 1937 American Rose Annual, which is being put together
as these words are written, we will do plenty!

A hope is that we will demand and get better plants,
better grown and handled, and will plant them with intel-
ligence. Another hope is that we will be willing to pay an
honest price for these plants. We deserve to be "stung,"
and we will be "stung,** if we fall for the **bargain" offers
of remainders and trash one may see advertised or may pick
up in the dime-stores.

This year ought to give us much information — not inflam-
mation— about bonemeal, about soil-acidity, about varieties
adaptable to regions. This Magazine is the switchboard. You
must "plug in" to hear what is going on.

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The American Rose So

Z5< a copy • $1.50 a year

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THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

THE AMERICAN
ROSE MAGAZINE

Edited by

J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

Published bi-monthly by

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Crescent and Mulberry Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

Subacription price: To members of the American Rose
Society 7p cts. a year, 15 cts. a copy, which amount is

included in the annual dues of fj'^o.

To all others: $1.50 a year, z5 cts. a copy.

Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Harris-

burg, Pa., under the act of March 3, 1879.

Vol. II. No. 1 1937 January-February

To Members Whose 1937 Dues
Have Not Been Paid

In the last issue of the Magazine I asked
as many as possible to pay their dues
without requiring this office to mail bills.
The response has been very gratifying but
quite a few of the members have not yet
paid. The Annual, which is mailed to
paid-up members only, will soon be out,
so, once more, may I ask you to kindly
remit your dues for 1937, saving the
Society postage and a busy office extra

^^^^- The Secretary

P. S.

Members of Affiliated and Sustaining
Societies will please remember that their
dues should be paid to their local society,
and not sent directly to Harrisburg.

1936 Membership Report

Class

Total Members

for 1936
Jan. 1 to Dec. 31

Annual new 550

Annual Renewals. . . 2266

Honorary Members . . 23

Life Members 127

Sustaining Members. 54

Commercial Members 41

Research Members ... 1

Total Members

for 1935
Jan. 1 to Dec. 31

668

2132

126

3062 3045

Membership Gain for 1936, 17

The Gift Coupon

To make it easy to remit dues, we again
print a coupon on the last page. On the
other side of the coupon is printed a gift
membership coupon. Christmas is not
the only time people give presents: many
give presents at Easter, and most of us
like to remember our relatives and friends
on their birthdays. What is a more pleas-
ing gift for one who gardens than a mem-
bership in the American Rose Society?

The publications of the Society are of
permanent value as well as timely. They
are live for rose-lovers. So try an American
Rose Society membership as an Easter or
birthday gift this year; you will not only
be helping your Society but will make
someone really happy.

Roses of the World in Color

This book, published by Houghton
Mifflin Company, of Boston, including
266 of the world's best roses in full color,
with black-and-white pictures and men-
tion of enough others to bring the total
up to 577, has obtained great favor among
the members of the Society.

The New York Times said of it: "How many
rose fanciers must long have wished for a book
such as this — for a volume which between its two
covers would hold the vital information contained
in all the rose catalogues of the world put to-
gether!" The Garden Editor of The Woman's
Home Companion says of the book: "It is truly
gorgeous with its opulent pictures that put the
living rose before you on the page. . . . Vir-
tually a condensed dictionary of rose varieties
known to be adaptable to many parts of America
or to have historic value."

Dr. Alfred Rehder, Curator of the Herbarium
at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University,
writes: "You have produced a book of which
American horticulture can be proud, and which
should be in the hands of every rose-lover."

Said David Robinson, Secretary of the Port-
land Rose Council, Portland, Ore.: "Your latest
book is a triumph in flower portrayal."

There are scores more of similar state-
ments. This note is to say, however, that
the same courtesy offered members of the
American Rose Society before the holi-
days is yet open to those who in remitting
their dues, or in remitting the price of this
book, $3.75, to the American Rose So-
ciety ask to have it autographed by the
author.

The Official Test-Garden Experiment of the

American Rose Society

For many years the idea of a central
place to which roses might be sent for
trial, and from which might come an
award, or a criticism, or a medal, such as
at Bagatelle in Paris, which gives high
honor to the recipients, has been obviously
desirable.

But rose America is so big from the
Pacific to the Atlantic, from the Gulf to
the Great Lakes and away beyond both,
that one central garden is obviously im-
possible. Good test-work has been done
at Hartford, Conn., at Portland, Ore.,
and at the Cornell Garden, in Ithaca,
N. Y. Many smaller gardens have par-
ticipated to advantage in various parts of
the country. But there has been no cor-
relation of the results and no method by
which those offering roses for test could
secure an equivalent to the Paris award.

After much discussion by mail and in
person, another angle of the matter came
uppermost, and at an all-day meeting
of the Executive Committee of the Trust-
ees of the Society, held in New York, De-
cember 3, 1936, a very thorough discussion
occurred, resulting in the thought that if
private gardens in various parts of the
country were offered, each one known to
be reasonably well managed and actuated
by impartial motives, there might come
about such trial as would be very well
worth while.

Inquiry was made, therefore, and a list
ol names accumulated, to whom, after
careful scrutiny, was again put the
inquiry as to what each garden accepting
the invitation would be willing to do. Six-
teen gardens of known capability were
willing to undertake these trials — all upon
precisely the same terms, and indeed upon
identical offers and suggestions.

The list of these sixteen gardens here
follows:

California: Forrest L. Hieatt, P.O. Box 865,

San Diego, Calif.
Canada: A. J. Webster, 365 Lauder Ave.,

Toronto, Can.
Connecticut: Elizabeth Park Rose Garden,

care of E. A. Piester, L. A., Municipal BIdg.,

Hartford, Conn.

Georgia: James H. Porter, Porterfield,
Macon, Ga.

Iowa: Mrs. B. T. Whitaker, The Cedars, 800
Park Ave., Boone, Iowa.

Massachusetts: Dr. E. W. Burt, Westport,

Mass.

Mississippi: Mrs. J. Smith Garraway, 602 W.
4th St., Hattiesburg, Miss.

Ohio: "Glenallen," Estate of Mrs. Francis F.
Prentiss, 3505 Mayfield Road, Qeveland
Heights, Ohio, Robert P. Brydon, Super-
intendent.

Oregon: International Rose Test Gardens,
care of Fred Edmunds, Curator, 2742 N. W.
Savier St., Portland, Ore.

Pennsylvania: Dr. J. Horace McFarland,
Breeze Hill Gardens, Harrisburg, Pa.

Hershey Estates Rose Garden, care of H. L.
Erdman, Manager, Hershey, Pa.

C. R. McGinnes, 605 Colonial Trust BIdg.,
Reading, Pa.

Texas: Mrs. Hally Bradley Hampton, 4501

Dallas Pike, Fort Worth, Texas.
Utah: Mrs. Maud Chegwidden, 4137 South

9th East St., Murray, Utah.
Virginia: Dr. T. Allen Kirk, 109 Grandin

Road, Roanoke, Va.
Washington: N. B. Coffman, 899 St. Helena

Ave., Chehalis, Wash.

Then appeared the desirability of com-
municating with those who might have
new roses to offer, and consequently a
list of these gardens was sent to each of
the following:

J. H. Nicolas, Jackson & Perkins Company,

Newark, N. Y.
John H. van Barneveld, California Roses, Inc.,

Puente, Calif.
Robert Pyle, The Conard-Pyle Co., West

Grove, Pa.
Fred H. Howard, Howard & Smith, Monte-

bello, Calif.
James C. Clark, Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia,

Pa.
L. C. Bobbink, Bobbink & Atkins, Rutherford,

N.J.
V. S. Hillock, Arlington, Texas
A. F. Watkins, Dixie Rose Nursery, Tyler,

Texas

No restrictions have been placed upon
the sending of roses, save that in at least
one case the trial-garden wants three of
each variety offered for trial — no more
and no less.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Rules for Exhibitions and Awards

Governing all shows in which the American Rose Society participates or
awards prizes. Also, rules for judging novelties.

ROSE SHOWS

Rules Governing Awards of Medals to
Competitors in American Rose Shows

I he following rules for Exhibitions and Awards were

adopted at a meeting of the Executive Committee in

New York, Decembei 3, 1936.

1. Sustaining Member Clubs and Afliliated
Societies may offer one Silver and two Bronze
Medals of the American Rose Society at any
rose show (or any flower show where rose classes
predominate) upon condition that the Secretary
of the American Rose Society, having been noti-
fied in advance, has authorized such prizes;
provided that the judging at the show is con-
ducted according to the rules of the American
Rose Society, by approved members of the Ameri-
can Rose Society, and that the awards, certified
by the judges, shall be reported to the Secretary
of the American Rose Society within two weeks
after the show.

AwAKDS to Non-Members

2. An Annual Membership in the American
Rose Society may be offered as a prize for roses
in classes for non-members only, at any rose show
in the United States or Canada (or any flower
show where roses are featured) on condition that
the Secretary of the American Rose Society,
having been notified in advance, has authorized
offering the prize, and that the award shall be
confirmed to him within two weeks after the
show. American Rose Society judges are not
required in this case.

Rules for Judges

3. In rose shows, judging is based on a com-
parison of the approach to perfection of the
individual variety. The relative merits of any
specific varieties are not judged except in special
classes for Novelties exhibited as cut-flowers.
Novelties produced by amateurs and exhibited in
amateur shows will be judged under the rules for
Novelties exhibited as cut-flowers.

4. American Rose Society Judges must dis-
qualify exhibits that are not named, wrongly
named, or not worthy.

5. Specimen exhibition blooms of Teas, Hybrid
Teas, Hybrid Perpetuals and other exhibition
types must have been grown disbudded. Side
buds will disaualify the bloom; evidence of very
recent disbudding will be penalized at half the
score for stems.

In all other than exibifcirion classes naturally
grown flowers may be shown without disbudding

provided side growth does not detract from tht
beauty of the flowers.

6. At the time of judging, an exhibition rest
should be in the most perfect phase of its possible
beauty, half to three parts open, and have a
well-formed center. Buds will not qualify as
blooms.

7. In showing large-flowered Climbers and
Ramblers, only one bloom lateral is admissible.

8. Judges should know whether a particular
bloom is true to type in form, size, color, and foli-
age, and must not discriminate between types
because of personal prejudice.

SCORE OF POINTS FOR JUDGING

Teas (T.K Hybrid Teas /'including Perneti.

anasy f HT.>, Hybrid Perpetuals {UP.}y

and other exhibition type roses

9. Cut-blooms exhibited in vases:

Form 20

Substance . 20

Color 20

Stem and Foliage 20

Size }0

Fragrance ^^

10. In judging Polyanthas, Climbers, and all
other roses, use No. 9 as the basic scale.

ARRANGEMENT

11. Large vases, baskets, bowls, etc., of roses,
regardless of the type of bloom used:

Arrangement 50

Quality of Bloom 30

Foliage 20

EXHIBITION ROSES
Shown in boxes

For high-class blooms, 3 points shall be given;
2 for medium; 1 for those not so good, but not
bnd enough to cut out; and I or even 2 extra
points for a very superior bloom. For each bad
bloom, 1 point shall be taken off. No point shall
be allowed for a bloom remaining tied.

A typical bloom of a 3-point rose (which may
be carried by one of the judges) shall be selected
and referred to as necessary in order to keep up
a uniform standard throughout the exhibits.

Where the blooms are of equal merit, tht
judges shall consider their general evenness,
variety, arrangement, freshness, and setting up
in the stands.

Ill

NOVELTIES

Awards of the American Rose Society
for Novelties

The Gold Medal Certificate of the American
Rose Society may be awarded to the originator
or his assigns for a new rose not yet disseminated
It the time of its entry for test, which scores not
loss than 90 points in three years of judging as a
transplanted cut-back and is appraised of superior
excellence, distinction and general adaptability in
accordance with the rules of the American Rose

Society.

Before this award can be made, a rose must
liave won sufficient Regional Gold Medal certifi-
cates to conclusively demonstrate its general
adaptability, and must have had three years of
test in at least (five) well-separated, approved
test-gardens.

The Continental Certificate of Merit may be
awarded to the originator or his assigns for a new
rose not yet disseminated at the time of its entry
for test which has been awarded the Silver Medal
Certificate of Merit or Regional Gold Medal
Certificate in a majority of the general regions of
the American Continent and has thus demon-
strated its merit and general adaptability.

The Regional Gold Medal Certificate (the
name of the garden where judged to be appended)
may be awarded to the originator or his assigns
for a new rose, not yet disseminated at the time
of its entry for test, and previously having won
the Certificate of Merit, which scores not less
than 90 points in its second year of judging as a
transplanted cut-back appraised in accordance
with the rules of the American Rose Society as
of superior excellence, distinction and regional
adaptability.

The Silver Medal Certificate of Merit may be
awarded to the originator or his assigns for a
new rose, not yet disseminated at the time of its
entry for test, which scores not less than 85
points in its second year of judging as a trans-
planted cut-back, in accordance with the rules of
the American Rose Society.

The Certificate of Merit of the American Rose
Society may be awarded to the originator or
his assigns for a new rose, not yet disseminated
at the time of entry for test, which scores an
average of 85 or more points as a transplanted
cut-back, in accordance with the rules of the
American Rose Society and is adjudged of suf-
ficient rrierit to be a contender for the Gold or
Silver Medal Certificate of the American Rose
Society.

The Certificate of Merit may be awarded to
a new rose as judged in the trial grounds of the
originator or his assigns. All other awards must
be made in authorized test-gardens designated by
the Executive Committee of the American Rose
Society.

RULES

These tests and awards may be made only
under the following rules:

1. The rose must be registered with the Ameri-
can Rose Society.

2. A new rose or novelty shall be considered
to be one NOT DISSEMINATED at the time
it is entered for test.

3. The Secretary of the American Rose Society
shall be notified in advance of the entry of a nov-
elty for trial and judgment.

4. At the time of entering a new rose for test-
ing the Secretary shall be furnished with:

(a) The name of the new rose (if unnamed, the
originator's number and the origin or
parentage).

(b) The name of the originator and the present
owner.

(d) The purpose for which best suited.

(e) Location of the plants to be judged.

5. Three or more plants of every entry must
be furnished such garden or gardens as are recog-
nized and approved in advance by the Executive
Committee for official testing by the American
Rose Society and allowed to remain in these
gardens until the trial is concluded.

6. It is desirable that all entries be judged and
scored three or more times every year of test at
intervals of not less than six weeks by each of
three or more accredited judges of the American
Rose Society approved in advance by its Secre-
tary. The judges need not appraise the entries
simultaneously. The judges may, at their dis-
cretion, examine novelties under test in other
than approved test -gardens to gain additional
knowledge of their performance and adaptability.
In case newly planted novelties are not suffi-
ciently established to make what the judges con-
sider a representative score their first year, they
may mark them "Reserved" and extend their
period of test one additional year.

7. The reports and recommendations of the
judges shall be reported within two weeks of
their appraisal to the Secretary of the American
Rose Society who will in turn submit them to the
Executive Committee for final action.

8. Garden varieties shall be scored while
blooming in the open ground in gardens reserved
for the purpose, never in the nursery field.

9. If a novelty rose shall be awarded the sanie
honor more than once, only one certificate will
be delivered, but an endorsement of the addi-
tional awards shall be made on the original certi-
ficate. Endorsements from a majority of the
general regions of the American Continent may
be deemed to indicate general adaptability and
may be termed a continental certificate of merit,
which the Secretary will issue upon return of the
regional certificate.

10. Notation of the class to which a novelty
belongs and of the time and place where tested
shall be made on the certificate of winning varie-
ties.

11. The Executive Committee of the American
Rose Society shall appoint qualified judges who
may be assigned by tne Secretary to judge nov-
elty roses competing for the Society's awards.

12. Requests for judges to consider novelties
shall be made in ample time to the Secretary of
the American Rose Society, Harrisburg, Pa.

13. The Executive Committee will receive
application for "approved Test-Gardens" and
designate them.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

14. Shrub roses, species hybrids, and roses not
otherwise specified shall be considered at the
discretion of the judges.

15. Awards must not be granted to any rose
exhibited under any name other than that recog-
nized by the American Rose Society.

16. Final decision on all questions and awards
shall be made by the Executive Committee.

SCALE OF POINTS FOR JUDGING
NOVELTIES

17. Exbibition flowers, both florists' varie-
ties and those grown outdoors, exhibited as cut-
flowers :

Form 20

Color 20

Substance 15

Foliage 15

Fragrance 10

Size and Proportion 10

Stem 10

An additional score for novelty and distinc-
tion may be given at the discretion of the judges,
but in any case the rose must score a minimum
of 75 points by this scale to be eligible for an
award.

The judges shall take into consideration the
class or type to which a rose belongs and the
purpose to which best suited, and make a nota-
tion of their opinion on the score card with rec-
ommendation of the award.

18. Garden varieties grown as transplanted
cut-backs in the open ground and judged in
gardens where grown:

Habit, Vigor, Disease Resistance .... 25

Floriferousncss 15

Stem and Foliage 15

Form 15

Substance 10

Color 10

Fragrance 10

An additional score for novelty may be given,
at the discretion of the judges, but in any case
the rose must score a minimum of 75 points by
this scale.

In judging garden varieties the plants judged
must be transplanted cut-backs.

A transplanted cut-back is a rose plant pruned
and transplanted after its season of bloom as a
**maiden.*

A "maiden" is a rose in its first bloom after
an inserted bud has changed the understock to
the desired variety.

Judges will consider Polyanthas (P.), Poly-
antha Pompons (PP.), Large-flowered Climbers
(LC), Ramblers (R.), Shrub Roses, Species
Hybrids and Roses not Otherwise Specified at
their discretion, using Scale 18 as a basic scale.
They should take into consideration the class or
tjpe to which a rose belongs and the purpose to
which best suited, and make a notation of their
opinion on the score card with a recommendation
of the award to be made.

FLORISTS' NOVELTIES

Rules Governing Awards of Certificates
for New Varieties

The only awards of American Rose Society
Certificates to florists' cut-flower varieties will
be those made at shows authorized by the Amtri-
can Rose Society. The American Rose Society
rules (1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9. 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16) for
tests and awards are to be observed.

At all florists* shows approved by the Secretary
for the Society for exhibiting novelties for Amcri
can Rose Society awards, the American Rose
Society shall be represented by at least one of
its accredited judges.

"STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE

The following definitions and explanations
based upon ideal qualities shall be the criteria by
which novelty roses are judged:

Form. — ^The exbibition rose form presumably
includes sufficient gracefully shapea and sym-
metrically arranged petals, generally tending
toward a high center and a pleasing circular
outline.

Decorative garden roses may be construed to
include single and semi-double flowers as well
as those of the more conventional type, as in
themselves beautiful or individual. In consider-
ing such roses it may be admissible to include the
quality and decorative effect of a cluster with
or without buds, or of a twig or branch within
reasonable limits.

Substance refers to the quantity and qual-
ity of the component material of the petals and
niust be sufficient to give stability and dura-
bility of form, texture and finish.

(a) Petals hanging on unduly after the bloom
is spent is a fault. Substance is of most impor-
tance in the exhibition type but very slightly
less in the decorative since it has much to do
with form and lasting quality and fits a flower
for cutting.

Color should be clear, clean, bright, attractive,
and lasting, or fading pleasingly without loss ol
beauty. This quality is equally important and
valuable in exhibition, decorative and bedding
types.

Size is of importance principally in that it
should be in proportion to stem, foliage and plant.
Lack of proper proportion or balance, oversi/e
or undersize, is a serious fault.

Fragrance is the pleasant odor which is an
essential characteristic of the rose. It varies
greatly in different varieties as one or the otl.<r
^ecies in its ancestry becomes dominant, or
different odors are blended, and except in the
case of R. faetida (lutea) and R. Canina, is
pleasant. Absence of fragrance detracts froni
the value of a rose.

Stem should be adequate to hold the bloom
upright at)ove the foliage in the garden, and up-
standing in the vase without undue bending.
A stem out of proportion to the flower and plant,
whether too heavy or over-long on the one nand.
or too short or weak on the other, is very faulty.

Floriferousness is of utmost importance in
bedding roses, but as it increases in decorative
and exhibition types, so does the value of those
tvpes increase. Under this term, quantity ot
bloom or number of flowers in spray at every
blooming period, frequency of recurrence and
length of blooming periods are all to be con-
sidered. . I I L

Foliage should be sufficient to clothe the
plant, of proportionate size, attractive appear-
ance and show definite resistance to disease.

Vigor refers to the activity and strength of
growth. Its influence upon disease resistance is
of the utmost importance.

Habit has reference to the manner of growth.
The desirable habit is bushy, upright, shapely
and well proportioned, neither sprawling nor
leggy. Upon nabit depends the beauty of the
plant.

Novelty and Distinction.— jUnder this
heading extraordinary values of individual quali-
ties (such as form, substance, color, etc.) as well
as the harmonious blending and proportion of
all qualities of the tout ensemble are considered,
and if improvements are sufficiently distinctive
and valuable, additional points may be added
either to the individual quality in proportion to
its value, or to the sum total.

What Have You a Right to Expect?

When you buy a rose plant, what ought
you to receive, whether you buy by the
mail-order route or get the plant directly
from the merchandiser? Here is an illus-
trated answer to the question.

The engraving shows a Radiance plant
picked at random from a bundle of 30
received on November 7, 1936. This is
not a selected plant, but it is an honest
No. 1 two-year-old plant budded on a
Multiflora seedling. The wood is ripe,
sound, and clear green. That it has been
carefully handled is shown by the fact
that neither canes nor roots are bruised
or scraped. There is no sign of disease
anywhere.

The root-system is good, and long
enough to be left as it is for those who
prefer planting with long roots. The plant
is heavy enough to give assurance that if
decently cared for in the ground, it will
produce in the spring of 1937 good bloom-
ing laterals and extensions, promising
good form. There were heavier plants in
the bundle, but the plant pictured is
heavy enough, for too often the extra-
heavy plants have wood that is too hard
— so hard, in fact, that it can scarcely
break into growth after pJanting unless
the big canes are pruned back pretty close
to the bud.

Now note the history of this plant.
The seed of the understock was sown in
the spring of 1934. The resulting plants
were dug in November, and graded to
reject those not up to standard. Some
time during this winter the understocks
had their "neck shave" so that they could
be comfortably budded the following

An Honest No. 1 Rose Plant

summer, and so that "suckers" would not
arise. In the spring of 1935 these under-
stocks were planted out in the nursery
rows, and kept carefully cultivated all
summer. Sometime during the summer a
selected bud or eye from a blooming
Radiance plant was inserted by a skilled
worker under the bark of this understock,
being held in place by a rubber band or
"tie." When it "took," showing that
union had occurred, the band was cut to
prevent strangling the understock.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Early this 1936 spring, all of the top
above the bud was cut off, again by a
skillful workman. In a short time the
Radiance eye began to grow. After it had
extended itself several inches, its top was
"pinched out" to make it put out more
canes, and a few weeks later it was again
pinched to cause it to send out yet more
canes and more branches in order to make
a bushy, satisfactory plant. By mid-
summer, under continuous careful culti-
vation and spraying or dusting every
week or ten days, it had developed into a
good-looking plant with many Radiance
blooms, during which time the nursery-
man could make sure it was Radiance,
rudely yanking it out of the ground if it
was not. This was the "maiden" plant,
blooming before transplanting.

When the cold weather had matured
the canes and ripened the foliage, all
these Radiance plants were dug so that
the roots came away uninjured, as they
may be seen in the picture. They were
then graded as to size (the grades being
No. 1, No. 13^, and the "what have you?"
size that the cheap man calls his best).
All these plants were then stored in moist
soil, having been protected from the sun
and wind for the few minutes required for
the process of digging, grading, and hand-
ling. Those to be sent to customers this
1936 fall were so packed in moist sphag-
num moss as to avoid injury to plants or
tops, carefully wrapped, and shipped to
the customer.

Thus, during three growing seasons
this Radiance plant had been fertilized,
weeded, hoed, and cultivated. It was
sprayed every week or ten days during
the last season to make an honest disease-
free plant of it. If these finished budded
plants had not been sold this 1936 au-
tumn, they would have required careful
over- winter storage, being protected both
from drying out and from heavy freezing.

All the way along, this operation was
conducted by trained men who knew
what they were doing. All the operations
cost money. Certainly an honest No. 1
plant such as the one pictured, is worth
the price charged for it by an honest
nurseryman.

Any thoughtful reader will see a dozen
places in this history where the cheap

man could "save money" — for himself.
He would not need to be so careful in
selecting the seedlings. They could be
planted in the rows very close together,
taking less space and less cultivation, but
starving the roots and the tops. They
need not have been cultivated steadily
when being prepared for budding, if he
was "saving money" for himself. If
budded by cheap labor, the vitality of the
plant could be lessened by hurry or in-
complete union, and still have a plant
good enough for the dime-store or the
cheap market.

There would have been no selection,
no "pinching," mighty little fertilization,
and no spraying. When the harvesting
time came, the black-spotted plants could
have been plowed out and graded after a
fashion at the convenience of the cheap
nurseryman. Most of the cheaper plants
are really not stored at all, but piled away
in such shape that with a little moisture
put on them later to freshen the roots,
they would look as if they were alive,
whether they were or not. Rough tying
together in bundles, regardless of crushing
roots and tops, often follows, to save
expense.

Is the cheap plant worth what it costs
the buyer? Possibly, but not probably!

What Happens Later?

Complaints come to the American Rose
Society about rose failures. When traced
it is often found that the complaint is
concerning a plant bought at a bargain
price, after having been sold and resold
several times from grower to jobber, from
jobber to retailer, be he ten-cent store or
what not. Nowhere in the process was
there recognized responsibility, and some-
times where there was reasonable re-
sponsibility there was lack of skill.

It costs money to grow a good rose
plant. It costs money to care for it
properly until it is sold. It costs money
to pack the plant so that it will not dry
out, freeze, or get broken while in transit.

When roses are advertised at a price
which obviously could not pay for all
these operations and leave a profit, wh(^
gets stung?

The American Rose Society wants to
do everything in its power to help its
members and their friends get good rose
plants, but these rose buyers must be
willing to pay a reasonable price for them.
They must realize that the nurseryman is
also a rose investigator, and must natur-
ally discard many roses which are not
good enough for his customers. He must
buy new varieties which upon trial do not
prove worth the high prices he paid for
them. He must travel abroad and at
home to keep up with rose advance, to

select what he hopes are the best.

If he "patents" the rose, so that he
may control the quality of his roses, that
costs him considerably.

A case was reported to us, with a com-
plaint, about an offer from a list of stand-
ard sorts at $1.50 for 10 "two-year budded
plants," shipped postpaid. Can there be
any pity for the "poor fish" who falls for
a proposition which inevitably means a
loss for someone — almost surely the
buyer, who knows he cannot be paying
an honest price for honest stock?

Another Bonemeal Chapter

A well-known and responsible fertilizer
chemist writes:

The friendly discussion of bonemeal through
the past several months in the Magazine has
been of unusual interest to me. . . . The airing
of the views of different individuals may bring
to light some information that will be of real
value. All gardeners are interested in getting the
best possible results, and, with that in view, they
should be attempting to bring about ways and
means of producing better flowers or whatever
they are growing.

In these various articles many statements have
Ijeen made (unintentionally, I am sure) that are
not correct or may be misinterpreted. For in-
stance, in the article by Mr. Ernest J. Clegg,
Walkerville, Ont., which appeared in the Sep-
tember-October issue, he makes the statement
that bonemeal contains 60 per cent phosphoric
acid. Just what he has in mind I do not know as
there is no bonemeal in general use containing
that percentage of phosphoric acid. The
average bonemeal found on the market at
the present time runs from about 20 to 28 per
cent total phosphoric acid. That is total phos-
phoric acid, anci should not be confused with the
phosphoric acid content of certain other products
mentioned by Mr. Clegg where the phosphoric
acid is expressed in terms of available phosphoric

acid. Just what percentage of the total phos-
phoric acid in bonemeal is available to the plant
is, for the most part, pretty much unknown. We
do know that bonemeal is very slowly available.
This, together with the fact tnat the plant-food
contained in bonemeal is not in the right pro-
portion for the need of the average plant, makes
It, in the opinion of many well-informed people,
an undesirable product to use.

Later on in his article, Mr. Clegg makes the
statement that nitrogen is the best thing for roses.
We think that he hardly meant that, as we know
that the rose requires a great many different
elements of plant-food in addition to nitrogen.

In gardening work, if we get the idea that we
should use a product just because it is something
that has been used — something that our fore-
fathers used — we are never going to make any
progress. I am pleased to note that Dr. Nicolas
and a number of other progressive individuals
are taking the attitude that we should not be
satisfied to go along in that path, but rather that
we should try different methods and new ideas.
There is no reason why we cannot make progress
along gardening lines. Much progress has been
made in the development of new plants. Mar-
velous progress has been made along various
other lines that affect everyday life of the average
individual. Let's be open-minded on the matter
of gardening practices.

National Rose Society's Awards at Hay ward's Heath, 1936

The award of a First Class Trial Ground
Certificate was made to the following
Hybrid Teas: Directeur Guerin, sent by
J. Gaujard, Feyzin, Isere, France; No. 1
(subject to name), sent by S. McGredy &
Son, Portadown, Ireland; Ninon Vallin,
sent by J. Gaujard; The Doctor, sent by
Howard & Smith, Los Angeles, Calif.

The award of a Second Class Trial

Ground Certificate was made to Koningin
Astrid, sent by M. Leenders & Co., Steyl-
Tegelen, Holland; Donald Prior, sent by
Prior & Son, Ltd., Colchester, England;
No. H/4 (subject to name), sent by S.
McGredy & Son; Mrs. Edward Laxton,
sent by Laxton Bros., Ltd., Bedford, Eng-
land; No. C. 14.1 (subject to name), sent
by C. Nadal, Barcelona, Spain.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

The 25c

The 75c

What Sort of Roses Do
You Buy?

Mr. W. T. Davidson, of Warren, Pa.,
writes us:

In sorting over the season's photographs 1 ran
across the enclosed, which may interest our mem-
bers.

A friend presented me with some 10-cent store
roses bought at 25 cents each. These were given
to me the same day some bushes arrived from
Melvin Wyant, of Mentor, Ohio, at 75 cents each.

An average-sized bush from each place was
picked out and photographed side by side. The
ruler between the two bushes is three feet long.

One feature of the 10-cent store roses that does
not show in the photograph is that the tops were
shriveled as much as if they had lain in the sun
all summer and the roots were very moldy. It
may be needless to add that they were not
planted, but burned.

To a Hothouse Rose

Poor lovely thing that never saw a garden.

That never felt the tang of wind and rain.
Nor ever held a bee, nor brushed a bird's wing,

Nor ever kissed the sun but through a panel
So sheltered from the glory of God's open.

Close-guarded in a place so deadly still.
Oh, if you knew, you'd rather be a wild rose

That, blown and torn, breathes life upon a hill!

Nov.-Dec., 1936
Garden Digest

Rene Hawkins,

in "Little Gardens."

Climbing Roses to Hide
State Capitol Park Derricks

Through the kindness of Prof. Josepli
A. Brandt, Director of the University of
Oklahoma Press in the State Universit\
at Norman, Okla., comes news of a novel
use of climbing roses.

It seems that Oklahoma is either for-
tunate or unfortunate enough to have
found oil on the surroundings of the state
capitol, and also on the grounds of the
Governor's mansion. The Oklahoma News
of October 20 tells of an attempt to hide
at least some of the sordid ugliness follow-
ing the digging of oil-wells under such
circumstances. Here is the story:

The Sunray Oil Company is plantin^^
rambler roses around the fences enclosing
the oil leases and will plant moonflowers
later, Mr. Nichols, Chairman of the State
Board of Affairs, reports. The slush jits
will be leveled off, excess machinery re-
moved, and the leases sodded with blue
grass before next summer. The state is
not to be put to any expense by the clean-
up programme, Mr. Nichols announces.

So it would seem that somebody has
begun to be ashamed of the conditions
which followed this evidence of greed, and
the surroundings of the wells will be
better-looking, though one cannot but
feel that the roses will blush for shame at
what they are expected to cover up. It
would seem to this Editor that Oklahoma
ought to be rich enough to allow this oil
resource to lie dormant.

It is in point to note that in the neigh-
boring East Texas oil-field, through the
action of at least one member of the
American Rose Society who controls a
number of oil-wells in the vicinity ot
Marshall, the surroundings of the wells
have been cleaned up and made quite
sightly. — J. H. McF.

Our Advertisers

The 1937 Rose Catalogues are appeal-
ing, and they are good to look at. Whi n
ordering new Catalogues don't forget tlu
nurserymen who advertise in the Rose
Annual.

The Rose-Lover Travels

That indefatigable rosarian, Mrs. Hally
Bradley Hampton, whose hospitality
to the Rose Pilgrims in attendance at the
Fort Worth meeting in October last will
never be forgotten, has been traveling,
and what she saw and what she says are
alike important toward the advance of
the Rose in America.

She says that in Monroe, La., there is
a plan to decorate a sea-wall, being
erected in place of a levee along the Mis-
sissippi River, with Polyantha roses and
shrub roses, so that instead of the con-
ventional mud-bank the rose will do its
work both in securing the wall and in
making life better worth living.

Then Mrs. Hampton traveled and
talked roses through Oklahoma and Ar-
kansas. She tells of meeting, in Oklahoma
City, a very live Rose Society to which she
presented her experiences and notes on
the newer roses. She tells of the superb
condition of the roses in Oklahoma City

and of that city's keen interest in rose
facts.

The Horticultural Department at the
Oklahoma A. & M. College, at Stillwater,
was found alive to the value and nurture
of the "Queen of Flowers." At this well-
equipped College the short-course insti-
tute was giving rose-help to those who
attended.

In Tulsa, Mrs. Hampton visited with
A. F. Truex, a confirmed and incorrigible
rose-lover. She found there a municipal
rose-garden in which she says: "1 saw
the most magnificent roses I have seen
anywhere. While the entire garden is not
completely planted, the roses already
growing are in the pink of condition. . . .
Incidentally, these plants came from
Athens, Texas," and she adds, "so Texas
roses seem to be well liked in Oklahoma.
Certainly, I have never seen any roses
growing better than they were in this Tulsa
Municipal Rose-Garden."

Drought-Resistant Roses

Last summer's fierce heat was said to
have destroyed thousands of roses. That
roses could endure it, some roses at least,
is made plain by Mr. Otto Greef, Pitts-
burg, Kans., who writes as here presented.

The point is made that there is a rose for
every place, and the further point is made
that the thoughtful experimenter is find-
ing out about roses for all these places,
so that he can use the vast range of rose
possibilities to his own advantage and
that of his neighbors everywhere.

Having read, with great satisfaction, Editor
McFarland's article in the 1936 edition of the
Rose Annual, entitled "Roses in Difficult Cli-
mates," it was especially gratifying to see his
quotation from J. H. Nicolas, in regard to the
municipal rose-garden at Topeka, which I saw
m bloom a year earlier. This article should en-
^f^'if ^^ many Kansas rose-lovers to, plant more
of their favorites in home-gardens, even though
they cannot always have such favorable condi-
tions as those found at Topeka.

Southeastern Kansas lacks their fertile soil,
with more frequent periods of hot winds, requir-

ing better protection from the scorching blasts.
In order to prove (or disprove) a theory, I
planted, on April 6, two small Radiance roses,
on the south side of a three-story brick building,
between the cement sidewalk and the street curb-
ing, where they were exposed during the whole
day to the reflected heat from the brick wall and
the scorching blasts from the heated street
paving. Before planting, the soil was removed to
a depth of 18 inches, and pure yellow clay was
placed in the bottom to a depth of 6 inches. The
roots of the plants were spread over the clay and
then coverea with fertile garden soil, to the level
of the bed.

Water was supplied at weekly intervals, and
the ground thoroughly soaked down to the clay.
With only about 4 inches of rainfall frorn July 1
until September 15, and with almost daily tem-
peratures of upwards of 100 to 1 12 degrees, carried
by frequent hot winds, these plants soon began
to put out foliage, and later on began to bloom.
The number of flowers increased at each regular
blooming period and continued until checked by
killing frosts in November. The rose-bed vvas
covered by a mulch of coarse cow-manure which
furnished, at each period of watering, the fertil-
ity that renewed the vigor of the plants, to enable
them to continue blooming during the entire
summer season.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

The Originator of Radiance

"John Cook, America's Pioneer Hybrid-
izer of Roses and Father of Radiance"
is the title of a dignified twelve-page
booklet written by James W. Foster, pri-
vately printed by Mr. Cook's family.
Copies of the booklet will be supplied by
John Cook, Inc., 318 North Charles
Street, Baltimore, to those who request
them, so long as the limited supply lasts.

The American Rose Annual for 1930
published a brief review of the passing,
at almost ninety-six years of age, of
the man who gave the world Radiance,
Francis Scott Key, and twenty other
valuable roses. There was also printed
an excellent picture of Mr. Cook.

The pamphlet above referred to tells
more about the life of this important
constructive American who brought from
Germany the will to make good roses, and
made them, and who lived a long, useful,
and beneficent life with the flower that
he loved.

A list of Mr. Cook's introductions, and
the careful, painstaking way in which he
produced his roses, make this memorial
even more interesting. Radiance was not
a chance happening but resulted from
thoughtful hybridization, and that rose
alone is a memorial to a very good Ameri-
can citizen who was also a very great rose
hybridizer.

The Loan Library has this pamphlet
and members may therefore obtain it for
reading.

An Evergreen Rose Hedge

By O. B. ALDRICH. Los Angeles, Calif.

A season or so back I decided to plant
a dividing rose hedge on the property
which would be as nearly evergreen as
possible, also as nearly 100% disease-free
and everblooming as possible. The plants
I selected were the Hybrid Bracteata,
Mermaid, Rosa laevigata, Rosa gigantea,
Evans and Easlea's Golden Rambler — the
latter because of its beautiful foliage.
They were planted several feet apart
along a line made by using four-foot
iron pipe stakes strung with heavy
copper wire. The shoots are trained

along the wires, interlacing until they
fill solid.

The only plant that has been a failure
in this group is Easlea's Golden Rambler,
It is very subject to mildew, and drops
its lower leaves rather badly. I am re-
placing it with Rosa Bracteatea.

These four varieties, in this section,
are about 100% mildew- free, and, about
as evergreen as anything in roses. The
mixing in of Mermaid gives nearly a year-
round bloom, and the other varieties give
a good long spring bloom. These plants
can be trimmed up now and then to keep
them in bounds without hurting them,
and there is certainly no worry about
disease or balling of blooms in a wet
spring on these varieties.

Of All the Flowers Growing

Of all the flowers growing

Within the garden close.
And all their gifts bestowing

There's nothing like the rose.

They seem to tell a story

Tnat ev'ry day is new
When blooms in all their glory

Are smiling back at you.

And all the cares of living

Just seem to fade away,
To see the roses giving

Their best through ev'ry day.

A message to the weary,
The sad and oft* depressed;

A message bright and cheery
To those who love them best.

A dream of fragrant beauty
From God's creative hand,

To show that love and duty
Are things to understand.

— Chester D. Wedrick
Nanticoke, Ont.

Additions to the Loan Library

No. 80 — Die Rose in Gartenund Park,
by Wilhelm Mutze and Camillo
Schneider.

No. 81. — Rose Species and Roses of By-
gone Days, catalogue of G. Beckwith
& Son.

No. 82. — Old Garden Roses, by Edward
A. Bunyard.

No. 83. — John Cook, by James W. Foster.

Moving Roses for Ventilation

By MRS. HENRY SIBLEY KENNEDY, Long Beach, Calif.

Editor's Note. — Here is another report showing what response follows intimate care of roses.

When we moved, early in 1935, to a
new home, we didn't hesitate about mov-
ing our forty-seven roses, though we
didn't give it the thought that would be
given such a task attempted now.

We had read a great deal about the prep-
aration of a rose-bed, and thought we
had done all that was necessary when we
spaded the ground to a depth of two feet,
spread a generous amount of barn-yard
fertilizer over it, and watered it down
thoroughly. Then we dug the holes about
a foot deep, and carefully keeping as
much earth as possible around the roots,
tamped the ground around each bush,
and sat back quite satisfied that we had
done our best.

We had thought the plot on the south
side of the little house would be an ideal
location, and you can imagine our dismay
and disappointment, as the months went
by, to have the roses droop and sulk like
naughty children. We finally decided
that the only thing that could possibly be
wrong was that the bed was not getting
enough ventilation. I hadn't been much
impressed when I had read about "ven-
tilated" space, for I thought that any
ground that was in the sunshine was good
ground; but as this seemed the only pos-
sible reason, we cast about in our minds
for a remedy, and decided that the roses
(all of them had been purchased at the
best nurseries) were worth sacrificing at
least half the front lawn for, so we
stripped the sod and then dug deeply
again.

The projecting breakfast room that
shut off the clear sweep between the houses
had a small trellis over the stoop in front
of the outside door, and over this we had
trained the unbelievably long canes that
we had left on Climbing Rose Marie and
Kaiserin Auguste Viktoria. The fact that
these two roses had responded so beauti-
fully to their new location, and that they
did have plenty of ventilation, further
strengthened our conviction that the
trouble with the others was really lack of
ventilation.

So this second bed received much care
and thought. We spaded in plenty of No. 1
cut sand and commercial fertilizer, and
then consulted the roses themselves about
their exact position. We thoroughly ap-
preciate the fact that roses have per-
sonalities, as has been explained by
several contributors to the American
Rose Annual.

Being so near to the Pacific, and seeing
the great fleet in the Harbor, we decided
to station General MacArthur on the
southwest corner where he could look to-
ward his Fort on Point Firmin, and we
tried to group the colors and general con-
tour of the bushes.

Jacob H. Lowrey of Augusta, Georgia,
may have had a totally different experi-
ence with other members of the families
of some of our western favorites, but
could he see the breath-taking beauty of
our row of Talisman, I think he would
admit their charm out here. And Presi-
dent Herbert Hoover has charmed me
completely by producing rose after rose
every day since he was placed in the new
plot over a year ago. Every rose we
moved except Irish Fireflame and Gold
of Ophir lived. Grass an Teplitz, Hadley,
Hoosier Beauty, Los Angeles, Souv. de
Claudius Pernet, Mme. Caroline Testout,
Golden Emblem and E. G. Hill have all
responded most graciously, while the new
roses. Black Boy, Ruth Alexander, Dame
Edith Helen, Autumn, and the old Belle
Portuguoise — the latter, of course, not
new in the sense of recent hybridization,
but new in our garden — are showing their
satisfaction in their new homes.

As you know, roses are not famed for
their fragrance in California, but as the
"better half" of this family does not see,
we have tried to choose the roses that do
have a pleasing odor here, and that is just
one more item for a rose in Long Beach,
which really is different from any other
part of California.

We are using a covering of peat moss
for our roses this winter, and find it very
satisfactory.

A Successful Spray Material

By GRACE H. SIMONSON, Lake Alfred, Fla.

The Lantern -Slide Lectures

Editor's Note. — Upon receipt of the follow-
ing letter we wrote to Sherwin Williams Co. and
were told that Basi-Cop. is a material put up in
100-pound packages for use by fruit and vege-
table growers. As dealers in Florida apparently
retail it in small quantities, possibly it can be
obtained in other places. Miss Simonson pays
only 15 cts. a pound for it, and as 15 pounds took
care of her 300 roses last year, it seems to be an
economical fungicide which merits further trial
where it can be obtained.

The Nicolas liquid manure mentioned is: One
level teaspoonful of nitrate of soda, a heaping
tablespoonful of superphosphate, and a teaspoon-
ful of muriate of potash, in a two-gallon can of
water. Use one pint per plant every two to three
weeks.

The Editor asked me last spring to let
you know this fall about the new spray,
Basi-Cop., that I was using. My roses
were in such poor condition then I was
fearful I could not carry many through
our hot summer. The new stock was very
poor and black-spot never was worse.
Our handyman finally became quite ex-
pert in using this Basi-Cop. We sprayed
once a week regularly; the plants very
quicklyshowed an improvement, and 1 was
well satisfied with it. I also used as an extra
fertilizer Dr. Nicolas' recipe for the
liquid fertilizer, in teaspoonful doses
(questioned by some). I found it very
effective and wish to thank him here for it.
The roses responded, sending up new red
canes, sprouts, and leaves, and they flow-

ered more or less all summer, although,
owing to the intense heat and drought,
they were smaller and often burned in the
sun, but with more rain and the hose they
did better. There was no black-spot,
although the summer was very trying.

This Basi-Cop. Dust is a patented prod-
uct put out by the Sherwin Williams
Co., I understand, about two years ago,
presumably for beans, truck crops, etc.,
and is much used, I am told. It is a fine
green powder which dissolves very easily
and quickly in water and is not damaged
if allowed to stand an hour, or a day, or
a week. They recommend 3 pounds to
100 gallons of water, which I have stepped
down to 33^ tablespoonfuls to 2 gallons
of water. I have never used it as a dust,
as all dusts are useless here; the Massey
dust burns, and frequent rains wash it off
as soon as used. Previously I have used
many other materials, but the Basi-Cop.
has replaced all. I have used it for
other garden plants, for gerberas, snap-
dragons, chrysanthemums, crotons, and
other ornamentals. Two years previously
I used Tri-ogen, and found it good, but
was unable to use it as thoroughly as
prescribed, as it is very expensive, and
Basi-Cop. is not. Why it has not been
put out as a successful rose fungicide I do
not know. Growers like it for other things.

Roses Make Red the Landscape

Mr. Percy H. Wright, a dependable
rose amateur of Wilkie, Saskatchewan,
writes thus :

"On a recent trip to the North Saskatoon
Valley, some thirty miles north where
Rosa blanda and R. acicularis grow in
great profusion, I was immensely struck
with the beauty of the fall foliage of these
species. They occurred in great masses
of near-red, and were responsible for near-
ly all the red in the landscape. Crosses
between these double forms and R, ru-
brijolia would seem to be of promise."

The Fuerstenberg Prize

The 1936 David Fuerstenberg prize for
"A new rose of American origin, suitable
to the American climate, which may de-
serve honor," has been awarded to M. H.
Horvath, of Mentor, Ohio, for his
climbing rose Doubloons.

new

A new Committee Chairman

President Barron has appointed Dr. T.
Allen Kirk as Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Prizes and Awards in the place of
C. R. McGinnes, who has resigned.

The two lantern-slide lectures have
)een gone over and a number of new
,lides made for each lecture. The follow-
ng is a list of the slides as they now are.

List of Slides in Lecture No. 1

1. Entrance to Rose Garden, Franklin Park,

Boston.

2. Rose Garden in Elizabeth Park, Hartford,

Conn.

3. Rose Garden in Roger Williams Park, Provi-

dence, R. L

4. Rose Garden in Point Defiance Park,

Tacoma, Wash.

5. Rose Garden in Cedar Creek Park, Allen-
town, Pa.

Bethlehem Rose Garden.

Private Garden in Norfolk, Va.

Private Garden in Rapidan, Va.

Private Garden in Gordonsville, Va.

Private Garden in Norfolk, Va.

Private Garden in Fairfax, Va.

Private Garden near Orange, Va.

Private Garden, Greenwood, Va.

A Separate Cutting Garden.

Private Garden at Ipswich, Mass.

Private Garden at Marblehead, Mass.

Rose Garden at Green Farms, Conn.

Private Garden in Dundas, Ont.

Rose Garden of Mrs. Henry Ford.

Rose Garden of Dr. J. Horace McFarland.

Cherokee rose, LC.

Lady Banksia, R.

Ahda Lovett, LC.

Private Garden in Atlanta, Ga.

Mermaid, LC.

Climbing Souvenir of Wootton, LC.

Rose Garden — Red Radiance, HT.; Radi-
ance, HT.; Mrs. Charles Bell, HT.

Rose Garden — Climbing Louise Catherine
Breslau and the bush Louise Catherine
Breslau.

().

«>.
10.
II.
12.

14.

15.

U).

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

Ti.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29. Belle of Portugal and Reve d'Or.

30. Cherokee.

3L Pillar of White Banksia.

32. Private Garden near Reading, Pa.

33. Lemon Pillar, LC.

34. Tractor Pulling Special Rose-digger.

35. Rose-planting. Proper hole has been dug

ana fine earth put in.

36. Rose-planting. Firming in fine soil about the

spread-out roots.

37. Rose-planting. Firming the soil.

38. Rose-planting. Pruning after planting.

39. Concrete Post and Pillar Rose.

40. Planting Rose at Concrete Post.

4L Beds Snowing the Black-Spot Control Ex-
periment at New York Botanical Garden.

42. Spraying Roses.

43. Dusting Roses.

44. Pruning Roses.

45. Pruning Climbing Roses.

46. Pruning Climbing Roses.

47. "A Rose Pilgrimage."

48. Radiance, HT.; Red Radiance, HT; Mrs.

Charles Bell, HT.

49. Souv. de Jean Soupert.

50. Carillon.

5L Mme. Louis Lens.

52. Edith Nellie Perkins.

53. Etoile de HoIIande.

54. Warrawee.

55. Golden Dawn.

56. Nellie E. Hillock.

57. Isobel.

58. Susan Louise.

59. Alice Harding.

60. Matador.

6L Carrie Jacobs Bond.

62. Feu Pernet-Ducher.

63. Rouge Mallerin.

64. Sir Henry Segrave.

65. Mrs. Pierre S. du Pont.

66. Hinrich Gaede.

67. President Herbert Hoover.

68. Texas Centennial.

GIFT MEMBERSHIP

Secretary, American Rose Society, Harrisburg, Pa.

Please enroll

of___

MR., MRS., MISS

STREET

as a member for 1937, as checked below

TOWN

STATE

□ Annual
$3.50

for which I enclose $.

□ 3 Years

$10.00

□ Sustaining
$10.00

□ Life

$60.00

NAMB

Make checks payable to the Am$rican Rost Stcitty

[see also other side]

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

69. Mrs. Sam McGredy.

70. Little Beauty.

71. Snowbank.

72. Rochester.

73. Rouletti. ^ . , , .«wKnt

74. American Rose Annual and What

Rose-Grower Should Know.

75. "Ask Mr. Foster." .

76. American Rose Society Promotion blide

Every

List of Slides in Lecture No. 2

1. Reading Slide.

2. Comtesse Vandal, " 1 .

3. Paul's Scarlet Climber, R.

4. Tausendschon, R.

5. Mermaid, LC.

6. New Dawn, LC.

7. Fortune's Double Yellow, LC.

8. Climbing Mme. Edouard Herriot, LH 1 .

9. Preparing Rose-beds.

10. Preparing Rose-beds.

11. Preparing Rose-beds.

12. Pruned Rose Bushes.

13. Rose-planting.

14. Rose-planting.

15. Rose-planting.

16. Rose-planting.

17. Rose-planting.

18. Planting Potted Roses.

19. Rose-Garden. . a • ^

20. Ghislaine de Feligonde, R., and Aviateur

Bleriot, R.

21. Rose Foliage Showing Black-Spot.

22. Black-Spot Control Experiment.

23. Spraying. _ . _ „

24. Black -Spot Experiment, Betore.

25. Black-Spot Experiment, After.

26. Pruning. ^,. , . r»

27. Before Pruning Climbing Roses.

28. Pruning Climbing Roses.

29. After Pruning Climbing Roses.

30. Dr. Huey, R.

31. Le Reve, LC.

32. Primrose, LC.

33. Easlea's Golden Rambler. LC.

34. Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James. LC

35. Coralic, LC.

36. Paul's Lemon Pillar, LC.

37. Mme. Gregoire Staechelin, CH 1 .
38*. Breeze Hill, LC.

39. Albertine, LC.

40. Kitty Kininmonth, LC

41. Jacotte, LC. ,, , r-

42. Miss Marion Manifold, LC.

43. Chastity, LC.

44. Nora Cuningham, LC.

45. Bess Lovett, LC.

46. Mme. Sancy de Parabere, LC.

47. Rosa rugosa. , ^ , „r>

48. Blanc Double de Coubert, HK.

49. Amelie Gravereaux, HR.

50. Sarah Van Fleet, HR.

51. Max Graf, HR.

52. F. J. Grootendorst, HR.

53. Agnes, HR.

54. Dr. Eckener, HR.

55. Vanguard, HR.

56. Buisson d'Or, HF.

57. Rosa xanthina.

58. Shrub Roses in the Garden.

59. Soleil d'Or, HP.

60. Condesa de Sastago, HT.

61. Radio, HT.

62. Sterling HT.

63. Leonard Barron, H I .

64. Will Rogers, HT.

65. Eclipse, HT.

66. Edith Nellie Perkins, HT.

67. Gloaming, HT.

68. Editor McFarland, HT.

69. McGredy's Triumph, HT.

70. Victoria Harrington, HT.

71. President Charles Ham, HT.

72. Dicksons Centennial, HT.

73. Mme. Cochet-Cochet, HT.

74. President Herbert Hoover, Hi .

75. Dainty Bess, HT. . r u c .v

76. Reading Slide for Promotion of the bocn t\

Secretary, American Rose Society, Harrisburg, Pa.
Herewith my dues for 1937, as checked below:

n Annual
$3.50

for which I enclose $-

n 3 Years

$10.00

n Sustaining
$10.00

□ Life
$60.00

Name.

Address.

Make checks payable to the American Rose Society [see also other sidi;]

'•/>/'>; ^

■^ .

yy^

»s:

March - April, 1937

'^^ P^ Edited hy
^^^^ J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marioni Hatton

^^ Sr"""" ^'.Z.'' :t'T!i'^6

Vol. II— No. 2

f '. ; rt • ■■

HOW ABOUT THE AMERICAN

ROSE ANNUAL?

^'It has a well -diversified group of articles, some rose
history, and many articles that in their very nature will
arouse thought upon rose problems,''''

So writes one appreciative member concerning the 1937
larger Annual with 278 pages, 39 illustrations, many in color.

There are rose humanities, old roses; great old and new gar-
dens, rose heredity and breeding; new understocks and new
own-root possibilities; soil-testing and fertilization, controlling
bugs and diseases; a new trial -garden set-up; roses prospering
in hard-luck conditions; Texas and Georgia, patents and protec-
tion, roses around the world; what 96 observers think of 226
new roses, while 212 new varieties make their first bow! A live
and useful layout is this best-yet Annual.

Do you really think so ?

Then pass on the good news to another rose fan or near-fan.
Send us a new member, or several of them; or send us names of
those whom we can invite to come into this fine fraternity.

Will you do so ?

^.yyiC^^l.^^'^^

lisKedly The American Rose Society; Hanisburi

Z5<^ a copy • $1.50 a year

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

THE AMERICAN
ROSE MAGAZINE

Edited by

J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

Published bi-montbly by

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Crescent and Mulberry Sts., Harrisburg, P«.

Subscription price: To members of the American Roae
Society 7? cts. a year, 15 eta. a copy, which amount is
included in the annual dues of Sb-SO.

To all others: $1.50 a year, 25 cts. a copy.

Entered as second-class matter at the Post OfTice at Harris-
burg, Pa., under the act of March 3, 1879.

Vol. II. No. 2

1937

March-April

WARNING— Does This
Mean You?

This Magazine goes to all who paid
dues last year. The May- June Magazine
will go only to those who have paid for
1937, and they only will have the 1937
Annual. So far, we are ahead of last year
in both renewals and new members. The
more members we have, the more we can
do for everyone.

More Roses Than Ever !

The nurserymen report the sale of more
roses than ever, proving increased interest
in the world's favorite flower. The proper
handling of even one rose will be easier,
and success will be surer, through the
information which the publications of the
American Rose Society can give.

Many letters reach this office asking
rose questions. The answer is prompt,
and always urges membership so that the
best help can be provided for rose friends.

Tell your gardening friends about the
American Rose Society. There are liter-
ally thousands of rose-loving gardeners in
the United States who would be grateful
to you for telling them how useful the
Society can be to them.

Ask the Secretary for a supply of the
new and very attractive application
blanks. He'll send them.

The Cleveland Summer Meeting

The 1936 Summer Meeting at Des
Moines was satisfactory and helpful to all
who attended it. The 1937 Summer Meet-
ing is dated for Cleveland, Ohio, June 1 5-
16. In the next issue of the Magazine the
programme and details will appear.

The Cleveland Rose Society, which in-
cludes some very live rosarians, is arrang-
ing an interesting session well worth the
large attendance we hope for. Then there
are several excellent rose nurseries in the
vicinity, and, best of all, a trip may he
arranged to the home of Trustee M. H.
Horvath, where can be seen in bloom, we
hope, his extraordinary Setigera hybrids.

Come to Cleveland. Bring your friends.
Plan for June 15-16.

We are advised by Mrs. G. R. Stamps,
of Birmingham, Ala., that the **City
Beautiful" idea started twenty-five years
ago in Birmingham, has developed so that
the authorities have designated the week
of April 18-25 this year as "Rose Time in
Birmingham," which they expect to make
an annual affair.

Please !

It is recognized that early summer is a
busy time in the rose-garden and that the
day stretches to its greatest length. So
our members forget to tell us what is
happening. This request is for the use of
rainy days or any time to tell us what has
happened, or what you want to know, or
what you think other members would like
to know.

Have you any very old or very rare
roses?

Have you some cultural knowledge
which has enabled you to grow better
roses than your neighbors?

Is your local rose society alive and
active? Have you reached after a muj^ici-
pal rose-garden in your town?

How can we best get new members ho
need what you and we can do for then^?

There are many interesting thing' to
write about if you will take a little time.
We could even stand a little poetry!

A Favorite Twenty-Five ^hite rose, but how anyone could class the

' lovely yellow Tea, Lady Hillingdon, as a

In the November-December, 1936, white rose is hard to understand!

Magazine, we presented Mr. Lawrence Iri spite of the numerous red roses in-

Stern's request for a list of the 25 best- troduced during the past few years, it is

liked Hybrid Tea and Tea roses, old and interesting to find Etoile de HoIIande

new, by all the members. heading its class, and so far ahead that its

The request was that the members position would seem secure for some time

name their favorite five red, five pink, Y^t. • » »

five yellow, five white, and five multi- In the pinks the warm tones of Corn-
colored roses. ^^sse Vandal and Mme. Cochet-Cochet

Fifty-six members sent in lists, which have pushed ahead of the purer pinks,

when compiled show the following 25 although Briarcliff, Editor McFarland,

favorites, judging by votes received. Lady Ashtown, and Radiance were not

far behind Betty Uprichard.

Red— Etoile de HoIIande 42 With several good clear yellows being

Red Radiance 20 grown today it was rather a surprise to

Crimson Glory 19 find Golden Dawn leading the yellow

G?^n?ble'' ::::::::;•* I5 ^^^^s, especially by such a margin. Would

that we had many more roses with Golden

Pinfe—Comtesse Vandal 27 Dawn's splendid qualities.

Mm:: B^'e^rfly ^:^''\ . ! ! ] ! ! ! ! ! 2^ President Herbert Hoover easily walked

Betty Uprichard 20 away With the honors in the multicolored

Warrawee 20 class — another deserved placing. We are

ye//ou^-GoIden Dawn 41 wondering if interest in the multicolors is

Mrs. Pierre S. du Pont 30 not waning? There seems to be a reviving

Duchess of Wellington 20 interest in clear self-colors, which is good.

Feu Pernet-Ducher 19 Lovely old Kaiserin still reigns as the

Mrs. E. P. Thorn 18 favorite white, in spite of the fact that she

White— K&isenn Auguste Viktoria 29 is Stingy with her quite perfect blooms.

Ca'Kdonb^' ^^ 'i ^^^ mystery here is why White Killarney

M^Gred/s Ivory . . 18 should Stand SO high when there are a

White KjIIarney ............ 17 goodly nuniber of white roses of better

Multicolored — President Herbert Hoover . . ^^5 wrwi '*. \ 4. u • -li ^

Mrs. Sam McGredy 19 ^^ile It seems to be impossible to get

Condesa de Sastago 18 niore than about one per cent of the mem-
Talisman 18 bership to vote in one of these symposiums.

Rev. F. Page-Roberts 15 the Editors trust that the result of this

vote will be of interest to the members.
The count selected 53 pink, 40 red,

38 yellow, 37 multicolored and 28 wljite

varieties, but although we specifically re-
quested votes only for Hybrid Tea and

Tea roses, there were 9 climbers and 2

Hybrid Perpetuals in the lists and several

varieties appeared in more than one color

class.

Comtesse Vandal, Edith Nellie Perkins,
and Mme. Cochet-Cochet were listed as
pink by most voters, but a few presented
them as multicolored. Rev. F. Page-
Koberts was another which bothered some
who listed it as one of their favorite yellow
roses. Feu Pernet-Ducher and Sir Henry
begrave each had one vote as a favorite

Buflfalo's Humboldt Park
Rose-Garden

The new rose-garden in Humboldt
Park, Buffalo, N. Y., now through its
second season, contains over 1,000 plants
and will have more added this spring.

The Park Department of Buff'alo,
through Commissioner Frank A. Coon,
yielding to this writer's appeals, assigned
the space requested, helped to work out
and draw the plans, and also furnished all
the labor and materials for the prepara-
tion and planting of the beds.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

The city also purchased some rose
bushes for this garden, and a few members
of the Niagara Frontier Rose Society
contributed the remainder of the roses
originally planted. In Hybrid Teas we
have some eighteen beds of different
varieties probably averaging twenty-five
plants to the bed. These varieties are of
the kinds which in our judgment can be
easily grown by the novice. We also have
a section of the garden devoted to Climbers,
another for Species, still another for
Hybrid Perpetuals, also for Polyanthas
and for Shrubs.

In harmony with the underlying thought
to have this a demonstration garden,
another section is devoted to test-beds.
At present we have approximately sixty
beds with blocks of five of a variety on test,
plants having been sent to our Society for
that purpose by different originators. The
active members of our Society supervise
plantings, and the Park Department
employees give constant care, and during
the growing season daily attention.

This garden immediately adjoins the
Museum of Science. Some of us are happy
to find that our efforts have aroused so
much interest, for we have noted many
visitors — more this year than the first
year — and rarely does it happen to be a
case of just walking around and then
departing, for folks seem to find it inter-
esting to stay. Some visitors seem to be
on hand every week during the blooming
season. Incidentally, the temporary wire
enclosure around this garden will be re-
placed by a metal fence with stone pillars
and a grille entrance, which will be locked
at sundown. This has been definitely
decided, plans have been drawn up, and
the work in all probability will be under-
taken and completed early during the
coming spring.

Three members of our Society are in
active charge, and the city employees
carry out our plans through the Superin-
tendent of the Park, who Is also a member
of our Society and of the garden com-
mittee.

The old rose-garden in Delaware Park
is also receiving attention, as some of the
older varieties were removed last spring
and newer varieties planted. — P. G.
Enser, Buffalo, N. Y.

A Rose-Naming Contest

One of the members of the editorial
force of the American Rose Society has
just consented to serve as a judge in a
rose-naming contest conducted by Sears,
Roebuck & Company, otherwise "The
World's Largest Store." The rose which
is to be thus spectacularly named Is one
originated by Dr. J. H. Nicolas, which is
sufficient evidence of the sincerity and
genuineness of the occasion. The descrip-
tive material as received at the editorial
office recites that "The bud Is oval, with
rich shades of salmon overlaid with gold.
The open bloom Is very large, double to
the center, and the color is a mixture of
gold and salmon with a suffusion of
orange. Long, upright stems make this
flower exceptionally lovely for cutting and
home decorations. . . . This rose .is
patented. . . . Contest does not close
until October i, i937."

The plant is described as "vigorous and
hardy, unusually strong, with heavy wood
and healthy foliage," and "considerably
more winter-hardy than any other Hybrid

1 ea rose.

The prizes are distinctly interesting,
ranging from a complete prepaid two-
week trip for two people to California,
down to 100 prizes of one new patented
rose bush each, and with one additional
cash award of $250.

All this, of course, is intended to sell the
rose so that it may be judged, and the
rose in question, which so far is No. 999,
is available at 98 cents each, together with
detailed information as to how the prize
may be striven for and won. Application,
therefore, for further information should
be made to Sears, Roebuck & Company,
Chicago.

A Rose

A Rose so super-aueenly seems
Throned on a slender stem;

The sunlight on each petal gleams,
To make her diadem.

A Rose may decorate a Queen
And beauties of the Court;

But none can decorate, I ween,
A rose of any sort.

— John Kendrick Blogg, in the Australia :i
Rose Annual.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Autumn Roses

There are three periods in a rose season:
Spring, fair; Summer, mediocre; and
Autumn, superb.

As a rule, spring bloommg is very
irregular, depending upon the time of
planting, age of the plants In the garden,
and their condition from winter. A new
planting cannot be expected to give the
true bloom in the spring, although fall
planting will come nearer to it. There is
practically a year's difference between
fall planting and spring planting, but I
recognize that some sections are not favor-
able to fall planting, although I have not
myself found any. However, northern-
grown plants are the only ones to use
successfully for fall planting in the North
and East; western- and southern-grown
plants do not ripen and harden early
enough for fall planting in the North, and
will rot, not freeze, under the protection
material, be it soil, straw, leaves, or what
have you. The quality of the first bloom-
ing of spring planting depends much upon
the earliness of planting, but at best will
not represent the maximum possible
either in quality, quantity, and quick-
ness of succession. On old plants, the
quality will be in relation to their out-
come from winter and judicious pruning
according to variety. If they have been
"whacked" by winter too close to the
bud or union (if this happens, do not
blame winter but your own negligence),
the plants have been **remaidened" and
the early vegetation will be more or
less disorderly, like maidens in nursery
rows; they are apt to send up heavy canes
with "candelabras," multiple inflorescence
of mediocre blooms, and only later on will
lateral growth from those canes give
representative uniflore blooms.

Summer blooms in general are not
interesting except on bedding types (Caril-
lon, Rochester, Rocket, etc.), the main
object of which is continuous color. It is
of that type of rose that Mrs. Foote said
"It should not be looked at closer than
ten feet."

Now we come to the superlative season
of magnificent roses, autumn — the reward
of diligent gardeners who have done their

duty by the Queen and have kept her
green dress un-black-spotted. Inciden-
tally, I have several reports that roses in
partial shade do not black-spot as quickly
or as much as roses in the sun the whole

day.

In autumn plants have reached the
season's maturity; they are, therefore, in
the position to give their best, possibly
with the feeling that Jack Frost will soon
come and file the season into the archives
of Father Time. The colors are more
brilliant, tints unsuspected in the spring
appear in the autumn, the blooms are
larger, last longer.

I have observed for years, and more
this year than ever, that semi-single or
semi-double roses such as Angele Pernet,
Comtesse Vandal, Eclipse, Etoile de
Hollande, McGredy's Yellow, Mrs. Pierre
S. du Pont, etc., send full double blooms,
and double varieties such as Gloaming,
President Herbert Hoover, Signoia, and
many others are much fuller than at any
other time. People who see those varieties
only in the autumn might be disappointed
at their spring performance, especially of
the first-year planting.

This phenomenon is accentuated by the
plant's age and is more noticeable each
year, a three-year plant having larger and
fuller autumn blooms than a two-year
plant which itself shows better quality
than a one-year planting, which means
that most rose plants do not reach their
full stride the third year.

Quoting Mrs. Foote's recent letter,
**Your seedling is doing wonder-
fully well this year, now its third summer,
and well deserves a prize. The others I
cannot tell much about, for the first two
summers of any rose never give a fair test.
At first the above-named seedling did not
do well but now it is very fine." Wish
some Pudding reporters and the compiling
Editor could understand that and not pull
their trigger so quick.

Now let's start an argument. Can any-
one assign a plausible reason why autumn
roses, and many other remontant flowers,
are more petaled in the autumn than in
the spring? Here's my theory: a flower is

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Nature's first act toward the reproduction
of the species; a quantity of pollen is
needed to fertilize the bloom in spite of
predatory insects and wind wastage. We
know that duplicature of a flower is an
evolution of stamens into petals. In the
autumn. Nature's work of reproduction is
over and blooms then fertilized could not
ripen before frost. Therefore stamens are
unnecessary and often grow into petals.
Note that I said "theory." What's yours?
— J. H. Nicolas, Newark^ N, J.

A Die-Hard Speaks His Piece

Let us hope that the "Rules for Exhibi-
tions and Awards" listed in the January-
February issue of the Rose Magazine are
submitted for the members' consideration.
Should Rule 9 be adopted as outlined, it
will be not only dangerous but unfair to
the vast majority of exhibition roses now
in commerce. I refer particularly to the
matter of fragrance. Rule 9 is for judging
roses entered by an amateur grower, and
to reward his cultural skill in growing and
exhibiting a rose to as near perfection as
possible. What then has fragrance to do
with the exhibitor's skill? It is that
"elusive something" he has played no
part in. May I quote Mr. John Parkin,
Wigton, Cumberland, in the 1922 Na-
tional Rose Annual: "A Rose classified as
fragrant may at times appear scentless.
The emission of odor doubtless depends
upon a variety of conditions, two of which,
temperature and humidity, have probably
the predominating influence. As a rule
the higher the temperature and the
moister the atmosphere the more evident
is the perfume. A variety of rose cannot
be dismissed as scentless until one has
tested it on sundry occasions and found it
wanting each time in this respect."
Again I ask, where does the exhibitor's
cultural skill come in, and how can he
display fragrance?

Only in the judging of novelties should
points be allowed for Fragrance. It is the
hybridizer and introducer who should face
such a penalty. I am 100 per cent for
Rule 17.

To be an impartial and competent rose
judge, one cannot legislate against roses

that represent an "ideal" and require the
best in one to grow and show them to
perfection. Are roses like Frau Kari
Druschki, Mrs. Charles Lamplough, Mrs.
Henry Morse, Mrs. Henry Bowles, Mrs.
Sam McGredy, and a host of others to be
penalized because someone has a personal
prejudice against all roses that have little
or no Fragrance? Are roses which have
withstood the test of time to be penalized
because a "favored few" have the power
to say so? A person advocating such a
measure not only fails in his duty of
being "impartial," but cannot be re-
garded a competent judge.

Additional points for Substance can be
dispensed with, because that is taken care
of when the other points of the rose are
considered, especially Form.

May I hope that the previous ruling
covering Form, Size, Color, Stem and
Foliage, be only considered; otherwise 1
shall feel like a "die-hard" who has worked
for a lost cause.

P. S. When judging roses, should I find
two of equal merit, then and only then,
would Fragrance be the deciding factor.
— G. F. MiDDLETON, Seattle, Wash,

Editors' Note. — Mr. Middleton very prop-
erly appeals on Rule 9 to the "Supreme Court"
of the membership, with no age limitations! We
hope to hear from the members. But it is only
fair to somewhat hesitatingly suggest that fra-
grance is an inseparable adjunct to the rose per-
fections to which Mr. Middleton is so unselfishly
devoted. Speak up, rose friends, without hesita-
tion, without acerbity! The Society is all yours,
and the Court is not "packed"!

Rose Pruning

To prune, or not to prune, — that is the question: —
Whether 'tis nobler every spring to suffer
That pang that comes to all who cut them clear

back,
And reap the toll of few but better roses.
Or weaken to the lust for many blossoms
And lose the chance to win at future rose shows^
To prune, — to whack, — to trim, and then
Regret it? And by unreasoned cutting
Shear off what buds would make my neighbor

envious.
Or else, be forced to carry to the rose show
Such modest blooms that I'm ashamed to stage

them,
That lack the class to render judges speechless.
Ay, there's the rub: this pruning does confuse one,
And make one rather choose the grand display
Than raise one bloom to prove the rose supreme.

By Earl William Benbow, with apologies to Shakespeare.
Reprinted from "Rose Petals."

Four Pertinent Questions

The Dayton Rose Society is one of the
i'\cst garden organizations in the United
States, as may be realized from what

the dirt gardener/' Harry O'Brien,
A rites about it in the 1937 Annual, begm-
ning page 10. The following letter was
written in a sincere endeavor to obtain
I acts.

Dear Editor: Writing from experience of soil
lists made from samples from twenty-five rose-
-irdens of members of the Dayton Rose Society
by the Department of Horticulture of the Ohio
State University, the conclusion has been reached
that we are unable at the present time to make
iny recommendations about the pH requirements
ol soil for roses.

Our soil tests have ranged from pH 6.2 to 8.3,
ind exceptionally high-quality roses were grown
in both extremes. We also have soil tests from
till northern part of the state where the pH
showed 4.4 and the roses were of equal quality.

W ith these results at hand we have come to the
point where we ask these questions:

1. Arc the garden roses of today particularly de-

pendent upon the pH degree of the soil?

2. To what degree do the three vital elements

( nter into rose-growing — nitrate, phosphate,
and potash?

3. isn't further consideration necessary to deter-

mine the relation between pH and the
availability of necessary soil ingredients?

4. Is present soil-testing equipment capable of

measuring plant-food to the same degree
that the plant is able to consume it?

it is not our intention to be critical of past
( llorts, but it is our hope that premature con-
clusions will not be broadcast without sufficient
consideration of all the facts which enter into the
growing of roses. — William Niswonger, Day-
/u»j, 0/jio.

More About Soil-Testing

When my garden was planned three
years ago, I discussed the question of
roses with a florist, whereupon I was ad-
\ ised not to attempt to grow roses in this
miction of the country. Had I listened to
this advice, I would possibly have been
growing dahlias, zinnias, etc. However, I
planted roses, and while the results for
1934 and 1935 were very good, it did seem
that this year I was doomed to failure. I
account for this because it seems to take
some time for a rose plant to become
inoculated with an alkaline soil such as I

had. (The first test of this soil which I
made in June this year was above 8 pH.)

As Mr. Daunoy had offered to test soil
for the members, I sent him samples from
my rose-beds. His test showed a pH of
7.5, and he gave me instructions to follow,
which I did, and am glad to report that
the prescription has worked practically
100 per cent. My roses were very sick,
showing foliage of a more or less yellow
color; today the foliage is green and
healthy.

Very few people in this section attempt
to grow roses. I am utterly convinced,
however, that anyone can grow them if
the start is made with the proper kind of
soil, thus avoiding failure. I have 100
healthy-looking roses in my garden. They
are blooming profusely and are of such
quality that I would not be ashamed for
anyone to see them. Therefore, my urgent
advice to anyone who is contemplating
growing roses, is to first make sure that he
has the kind of soil that is adapted to rose
requirements. If the soil available is not
the right type, then consult with Mr.
Daunoy, and all will be well. — O. H.
Whitten, Farmvilley Va.

Extract from "The Australasian"
of December 26, 1936

Rosarians in different parts of Australia
will be pleased to learn that Mr. Alister
Clark, Bulla, Victoria, has accepted the
presidency of the National Rose Society
of Victoria, made vacant by the death of
the late James Allan. Mr. Clark was one
of the foundation members when the so-
ciety was formed in 1899 and was presi-
dent early in its history. He has since
brought to it much honor through his
skill in raising roses. He has also added
materially to the funds of the society
through gifts of new varieties of roses. As
a recognition of his work among roses,
the National Rose Society of England
awarded him the Dean Hole medal this
year, the highest recognition known in the
rose world, and only once before awarded
outside England.

[Members of the A. R. S. know Mr.
Clark as the originator of Scorcher, Black
Boy, and other fine climbers. — Ed.]

is't^^^^^rv,*'

K^>.>>|4ii^

A Garden Movie

THIS Garden Movie was made by Dr. Charles Covell, of Oakland, Calif., lor
Sunset magazine. The pictures were taken by Norvell Gillespie, and the
engravings are loaned us by Sunset magazine. We considered the movie so
valuable that we are reproducing all of it.

Figure i. Dr. CovcII assumes you've prepared
your rose beds as recommended in Getting the
Rose Beds Made, December, 1936, Sunset. Dig
the holes deep. Fie makes use of a lo-pound
white-lead bucket because it's just the right
depth for a rose planting hole and will handily
contain the soil. Don't expose ready-to-be-
planted rose bushes to the sun; cover them with
a wet sack so the roots won't dry.

Figure 2. Fresh-from-the-nursery rose bushes
are almost 3 feet high. Trim them back to 8
inches, making slanting cuts just above eyes. The
cuts should slant outwards from the rose bush
center; new branches are forced in that direction.
They get more light, have more vigor than
crowded inside branches, and make the bush
symmetrical.

Figure 5. Root-prune new bushes before plant-
ing. Make slanting cuts as in photograph. Sever
broken and bruised portions of roots. Shorten
the others by one-fifth. Root-pruning makes
calluses form at the cuts; from these form food-
foraging fibrous roots.

Figure 4. Shows 2 extra-dandy phmting hints
of Dr. Covell's. Make a conical mound of soil in

the hole. The top of the mound should be about
I inch below surface level. The mound assures
high placing of the "bud" which is the swollen
joint where the top and roots join, and allows t he
roots to spread normally and downwards. Tamp
the soil firmly about the roots. Deep planting ol
roses is no longer necessary because modern nur-
serymen use root-stocks that rarely sucker. Place
the bud, or swollen joint, so that it faces north.
This prevents "flat-sided" bushes since the natu-
ral tendency of the growth is to reach toward
light, or south.

Figure 5. Mound 4 inches of soil about the
base of the bush. This keeps the canes damp and
the juice inside the canes contented. Don't dis-
turb the mound until new growth starts. It starts
from 2 weeks to 2 months later, depending on
locality.

Figure 6. Remove the soil mound carefully
from the bush. Use the soil from the mound for a
water-holding basin around the bush. Next, cut
the canes back to little 3-inch stubs. Make cuts,
of course, above eyes. This drastic pruning sends
up vigorous new canes that bear wonderful
blooms. This is more than a theory. Dr. Covcll
follows this exact procedure for all newly planted
roses in his own laboratories.

The following varieties are the ones
Dr. Covell is recommending in his lec-
tures this year.

A "Best'' Dozen

Etoile de HoIIande. Deep red.

Southport. Scarlet.

Mary Hart. Red.

Mrs. Sam McGredy. Copper.

Ambassador. Flame-pink.

Federico Casas. Pink and gold.

Angels Mateu. Orange-copper.

J. Otto Thilow. Pink.

Rapture. Light pink.

Ville de Paris. Yellow.

Canary. Yellow.

Golden Dawn. Light yellow.

A Dozen ''New" Ones

Matador. Deep red.

Victoria Harrington. Red.

Crimson Glory. Velvety red.

Marchioness of Linlithgow. Velvety red.

Cynthia. Copper-red.

Signora. Cerise and yellow.

Hinrich Gaede. Copper-orange.

Empress. Rose-pink.

Picture. Dainty pink.

Gloaming. Pink.

McGredy's Yellow. Yellow.

Sir Henry Segrave. Yellow-white.

A Hal] Dozen ''Reliables'*

Grenoble. Red.

Mrs. E. P. Thom. Deep yellow.
Lady Forteviot. Orange-yellow.
Talisman. Red and gold.
Margaret McGredy. Copper-red.
Imperial Potentate. Pink.

A Spanish Sextette

Condesa de Sastago. Cerise and yellow.

Duquesa de Penaranda. Brownish apricot.

Mari Dot. Apricot.

Catalonia. Orange-cerise.

Lucia Zuloaga. Brownish scarlet.

Director Rubio. Rich pink.

Six "Yellows," All Good

Golden Rapture.

Lord Lonsdale.

Roslyn.

Mrs. Pierre S. du Pont.

Conqueror.

Sunkist.

Charming Singles

Dainty Bess. Pink.
Cecil. Yellow.
Innocence. White.
Vesuvius. Red.

Polyanthas

Mrs. R. M. Finch. Light pink.
Karen Poulsen. Red.
Lafayette. Cherry-red.
Mrs. Dudley Fulton. White.

For the Boutonniere

Lulu. Salmon.

Irish Charm. Flesh-pink.

Secure strong plants from reliable nurseries,
plant early, cut plants back hard, leaving not
more than 3 inches of wood above the graft, place
"knuckle" of plant level with top of soil, employ
fertilizer only as a mulch and never below roots
when planting, be faithful in disease-control
measures, and your new roses will prove an
abiding joy.

— From Sunset magazme

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

The "Casual" Gardener

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

The Casual Gardeners — how they
swarm! Clogging the wheels of the gar-
den clubs, the garden tours, the flower
shows; taking up the time of the garden
workers, asking their perennial questions
— but never advancing at all in informa-
tion; and, worst of all, cluttering up the
Rose Annual.

The Casual Gardener I am writing
about is different from the average and
amateur gardener; the latter does work
with his roses. The Casual Gardener
(quite often a "she") does nothing, unless
one counts his steady stream of talk.

I have been growing roses for ten years,
and have had a small rose show every
spring for six years at which I have met
Mr. and Mrs. Casual in hundreds. They
ask dozens of questions, and seem so inter-
ested and so keen. At first I used to give
them mv whole attention, and answer
their questions with great fullness. But as
the years passed I came to realize that all
their talk got them no farther in growing
good roses — roses do not flourish in an
exclusive "hot air" atmosphere! Of
course, it was a great disappointment, as
it meant that the numbers of keen rose-
growers were reduced to a few that could
be counted on the fingers of one hand.

So now, when I am accosted by Mr.
Casual in the yearly pilgrimage of the
public to my rose-garden, I don*t get
excited. I don't think "At last! a keen
rosarian!" No! I answer him, for I am
hostess, but I must confess I do not put
the effort into my answers that I used to
before I found out all about Mr. Casual.
Talk just passes the time pleasantly for
him; that is all.

Mr. and Mrs. Casual are not at all
critical. They scribble down names of all
roses in bloom ; they do not put down the
color of the rose they are listing, or its
habit of growth, or whether single or
double, etc., so that when they get home
and look at the list it probably means
nothing, and nothing is done.

They never read books or garden maga-
zines (it is so much easier to ask someone),
nor do they take up a pining, puny rose
bush to try to find out why it is puny.

The Casuals listen to some fine lectures
at garden clubs (if they are free!) but
seem to get nothing from them, for they
ask the same questions again and again.

Mr. Casual thinks it quite all right to
ask for cuttings. I have had the bell ring
just at supper-time, and on opening the
door found a stranger there who asks me,
"When do you prune? I should like some
cuttings."

My family think I am wrong to give
cuttings, but I argue that as notes from
which music is made and words from
which books are made are free for the
taking, so any excess in my garden must
be, too. For it is not what you take but
how you use it that builds, for "He who
asks most, gets the least value from wliat
he obtains."

Mr. Casual's invasion of the Annual
came as a great surprise, but on second
thought, it is to be expected, isn't it? 1 le
talks sometimes so well, that of course he
writes too, and so glowingly!

Reading in the Annual of a new and
beautiful municipal rose-garden, I decided
to visit it, as I must know what is doing
in the rose world on this coast. I visited
one in another state, and found many
bushes — 17,000, in fact, only a half dozen
varieties that would be all right if bushes
were happy; but no, mildew and black-
spot abounded. Instead of being a beauti-
ful sight, as the article in the Annual led
one to think, it was a sad one, and was
not worth the tiresome journey I had
taken.

Next, I read an article that paints such
an enticing picture of a lovely rose-garden,
in which the owner "buds his own" that 1
think, Here is a keen rose-grower!, and
visit him. What do I find? I am taken a
long way out in the orchard where the
poor roses are planted so far apart tliat
they look like an orchard, and the soil
tramped down around them. Nothing to
interest here, and after a few minutes I
leave, sadder and wiser.

I follow up another good (?) write-up.
A conference of just rose-growers; a
lunch, a lecture, but no good roses!

Roses can be grown by anyone, anv-

Nhere, but certain rules have to be fol-
lowed; but Mr. and Mrs. Casual will

never do it. , ^ , r -i

So I say, the Casual Gardener tails
hadly, all because his talk does not end in
action. Success in anything means steady
effort and sweat!

Mr. and Mrs. Casual miss all the best
things in life— the delight of liking the
effort of growing good roses, and the
j)Ieasure of working till the sweat runs
down one's nose before going in to rest
and bathe; the fun of "setting up" an
exliibition box not for a show, but daily at
fiome; the interest in seeing whether a rose

is perfect or has a balled or split center.
I wonder, too (he sees so little, is so un-
critical), does he run out very early and
find the dewdrops strung like jewels
round the edges of the leaves? Does he
notice the beautiful coloring of those
leaves — some copper color, some rich,
dark green?

Mr. and Mrs. Casual, stop talking, roll
up your sleeves and really work with your
roses! I and other much better rose-
growers than I am will get great pleasure
in giving you all the assistance we can. —
Maud E. Scrutton, Petaluma, Calif.

The Disease-Control Campaign

This year we want to get a minimum of
200 members to cooperate in the Rose
Disease-Control Campaign launched in
1934. Objectively, we seek more effective
control of diseases and pests to the end
that greater realization of the beauty of
the rose — plant and blossom — may be
had. It is believed that more effective use
of the sprays and dusts, combined with
supplementary sanitary measures, will ac-
complish this end.

The results of researches on the effici-
ency of materials and on methods that
proved adequate are available to all in
past numbers of the Annual. What is now
needed is the extension of this informa-
tion, and the final and essential adjust-
ments of materials and methods to the
environmental conditions of plants in in-
dividual gardens and practices of indi-
vidual growers. Reports to date covering
tlie results of the campaign for 1934, 1935,
and 1936 (see the 1935, 1936, 1937 An-
nuals) indicate that the effort is accom-
phshing this end. Further, the reports
serve as a valuable guide for further
research as we seek more effective ma-
terials and less objectionable methods
based on the experiences of growers.

In this campaign emphasis is placed on
the more intelligent and critical use of
m.iterials, combined with careful record-
taking. The latter is important, and it is
h'tped that only those members will enroll
in the campaign who are determined to
spray or dust their plants systematically

and regularly throughout the season, keep
a careful record of what is done, and at the
end of the season supply a report on prac-
tices and results. It is assumed that rose-
growers will make a choice of materials to
be used, and no attempt is made by the
writer to dictate this; but help in the
choice is available to those asking for it.

A calendar will be sent the cooperators
for use as a convenient means of keeping a
record of dates. Also, a questionnaire will
be sent this spring, not to be filled out
now, but to serve as a guide in record-
taking so that when the same question-
naire is received in the autumn the
cooperators will have anticipated the sort
of information to be supplied at that time.
Secretary Hatton has promised to open
the pages of the Magazine to brief bi-
monthly articles of timely information,
and pertinent correspondence direct with
the writer is always welcome. For further
information on the character of the cam-
paign see the 1934 Annual, pp. 1 21-127,
and reports of results in subsequent
Annuals.

Here is your opportunity not only to
help yourself but to help others. Collec-
tively we can make a contribution as a
group over and above that made as indi-
viduals, and keep our Society in foremost
rank. Your decision to participate in the
campaign should be indicated at once to
Secretary Hatton or the writer. — L. M.
Massey, Professor of Plant Pathology ^
Cornell Universityy Ithaca, N. Y.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

fLflisff^

r%«f

£Si».

Aster-Cloth House for Roses

f 1.

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^ .v^-^ '■^*-'**-^

the New Lakeside Rose-Garden, Fort Wayne,

Indiana, in 1936

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*-•

Ye Olde Time Roses

When Spring comes tiptoe with her dainty tread,
The old-time rosebush, hoary with long years.

Feels thrill of rising sap, lifts her proud head
And sends out buds to blossom with her peers.

These proud old Roses of ancestral strains
Still bear themselves with dignity and grace;

The ancient blood still running in their veins
Suffuses with the glory of their race.

The very atmosphere in which they move
Seems like the perfume of celestial air,

That heav*n*s assembled angels might approve,
And waft its nascent sweetness everywhere.

O, let us cherish these old dames, and tr\ ,
With long-sustaining care and kind intt-nt,

To lengthen out their days, till bye-and-i)ye,
Time with his scythe forgets his sentiment.

— ^JoHN Kendrick Blogg, in the Australian
Rose Annual.

The aster -cloth rose -house which I
i.uiit last spring was an unquahfied suc-
cess. The plants under the cloth produced
ibout ten times as many blooms as the
same varieties did outside, Better Times
and Comtesse Vandal being in bloom al-
most continuously the entire season. At
one time I counted over 50 blooms of
Better Times on five plants; this was by
r.'jr the most prolific bloomer in the cloth
house and Comtesse Vandal ran a close
second, with Token and Alezane running
neck and neck.

The roses in this house did not need
water one time to three for the same
plants outside. I sprayed with Tri-ogen
three times in the spring and once in the
fall, and I never had one single black-
spotted leaf show up. Aphis were quite
a nuisance and I had to spray several
times to control them. We fertilized with
Soilogen twice, once in the late spring and
once in the early fall, but kept the beds
thoroughly cultivated at all times. The
blooms had longer stems, deeper color,
and the quality of the bloom was a de-
cided improvement on outside roses.
These roses should not be compared to
hothouse roses, for they have the healthy,
sturdy appearance and heavy stems of an
outdoor-grown rose, with good foliage,
and in every respect are very much su-
perior in appearance to those grown
under glass.

Such a house should be built so that
it will fit cloth in units of 3 feet; in other
words, the house should be 15 or 21 feet
wide, by 24 to 36 feet long, by 9 feet high.
The Windsor Manufacturing Co., of
Windsor, Conn., sends this cloth already
sewed, according to the dimensions of
your house.

1 have three beds, or rather one bed
3 leet wide running three sides around the

house, and a 4-foot bed t hrough the center
with 3-foot walks on either side, and using
a screen door for entrance. I have not
covered this screen door with the cloth;
but the cover might be advisable as a pro-
tection from cold.

This house was built principally to see
if varieties with this protection from wind
and sun did better inside than the same
varieties outside. I planted three or five
of a kind of which I had the same variety
outside. There were eighteen varieties in

all.

The varieties inside were Comtesse
Vandal, Condesa de Sastago, Better
Times, Texas Centennial, Texas Gold,
President Herbert Hoover, Caledonia,
Edith Krause, Eclipse, Nellie E. Hillock,
Ireland Hampton, Alezane, Souvenir,
Julien Potin, W. E. Chaplin, Etoile de
Hollande, Eduard Schill, Token, Sterling.

This year I have taken out W. E.
Chaplin and Eduard Schill, because they
did not do much better in the house than
outdoors. Nellie E. Hillock was removed
because it does very well in the garden,
and grew much too large for the space
allotted it in the house. It was very beau-
tiful in the house, and if my house were
large enough I would like to have an
entire bed of it under cloth. I have re-
placed these roses with Mrs. Francis King
for white, and an unnamed rose which was
sent to me for test, Gloriana and more
plants of Sterling.

This house seems absolutely bug-proof,
as not even flies can get inside, and this
was one of the reasons I was first influ-
enced to build an aster-cloth house — to
see if I could eliminate the attacks of
borers which had been very bad in my out-
door-grown roses. — From an address by
Hally Bradley Hampton.

A Reminder

When traveling this summer don't forget the new test-gardens listed on page 32
of this Magazine.

We especially urge all members passing through Central Pennsylvania to visit
the new rose-garden at Hershey; it promises to be the most important rose-garden
in America.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Aster-Cloth House for Roses

Ye Olde Time Roses

\\ hen Spring comes tiptoe with her dainty tread.
The old-time rosebush, hoary with long years.

Feels thrill of rising sap, hfts her proud head
And sends out buds to blossom with her peers.

These proud old Roses of ancestral strains

Still bear themselves with dignity and grace;

The ancient blood still running in their veins
Suffuses with the glory of their race.

The very atmosphere in which they m(>\
Seems like the perfume of celestial air.

That heav'n's assembled angels might .i| rnvi,
And waft its nascent sweetness every \\ <'rt-

O, let us cherish these old dames, and t'. .

With long-sustaining care and kind ini "t,
To lengthen out their days, till bye-and-lvi',

Time with his scythe forgets his sentin: '''•

— John Kendrick Blocg, in the A 'r.i :3"
Rose Annual.

I)|()

1 1r' aster -clolli rose- liousc which I

nit Inst sprin<!; was an unquahficcl suc-

.^. riu' phints under the cloth produced

x.ut ten times as many blooms as the

,,!,( \arietles did outside, Better Times

. -,(1 Comtesse Vandal being in bloom al-

,,st continuously the entire season. At

, K- time I counted over 50 blooms of

i Utter 1 imes on five plants; this was by

i ,! the most prolilic bloomer In the cloth

,iise and Comtesse Vandal ran a close

((Olid, with Token and Alezane running

:m ck and neck.

riie roses in this house did not need
Alter one time to three for the same
|,iants outside. I sj)rayed with Tri-ogen
Hiice times in the spring and ()nce in the
la II, and I never had one single black-
jx.tted leaf show up. Aphis were quite
.! nuisance and I had to spray several
times to control them. We fertilized with
Soilogen twice, once in the late spring and
(.ncc- in the early fall, but kept the beds
thoroughly cultivated at all times. The
oms had longer stems, deeper coh)r,
and the quality of the bloom was a de-
cided improvement on outside roses.
Ihese roses should not be compared to
hothouse roses, for they have the healthy,
sturdy appearance and heavy stems of an
outdoor-grown rose, with good foliage,
and in every respect are very much su-
perior in appearance to those grown
under glass.

Such a house should be built so that
it will lit cloth in units of 3 feet; in other
\\ords, the house should be 15 or 21 feet
wide, by 24 to 36 feet long, by 9 feet high.
riie Windsor Manufacturing Co., of
\\ indsor, Conn., sends this cloth already
Mwe-d, according to the dimensions of
\ <i!ii" house.

i ha\e three beds, or rather one bed
] u 't w ide running three sides around the

This house was built principally to see
if varieties with this protection from wind
and sun did better inside than the same
varieties outside. I planted three or five
of a kind of which I liad the same variety
outside. There were eighteen varieties in

all.

The varieties Inside were Comtesse
Vandal, Condesa de Sastago, Better
Times, Texas Centennial, Texas Gold,
President Herbert Hoover, Caledonia,
Edith Krause, Eclipse, Nellie E. Hillock,
Ireland Hampton, Alezane, Souvenir,
Jullen Potln, W. E. Chaplin, Etoile de
Hollande, Eduard Schlll, Token, Sterling.

This year I have taken out W. E.
Chaplin and Eduard Schlll, because they
did not do much better in the house than
outdoors. Nellie E. Hillock was removed
because it does very well in the garden,
and grew much too large for the space
allotted it in the house. It was very beau-
tiful in the house, and if my house were
large enough I would like to have an
entire bed of it under cloth. I have re-
placed these roses with Mrs. Francis King
for w hlte, and an unnamed rose which was
sent to me for test, Gloriana and more
plants of Sterling.

This house seems absolutely bug-proof,
as not even fhes can get inside, and this
was one of the reasons I was first influ-
enced to build an aster-cloth house — to
see if I could eliminate the attacks of
borers which had been very bad in my out-
door-grown roses. — From an address by
Hally Bradley Hampton.

A Reminder

W hen traveling this summer don't forget the new test-gardens listed on page 32

!is Magazine.

We especially urge all members passing through Central Pennsylvania to visit
t :. new rose-garden at Hershey; it promises to be the most important rose-garden
\ in erica.

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

The Red Copper Oxide
Fungicide

The test of red copper oxide as a spray
at Breeze Hill last year was not a complete
success, but we learned much through it.
The section of the garden in which we
used this material was in good condition
up to July. There was then no sign of
disease, although the foliage had a bronzy
cast which we did not like. On July 9 the
temperature went to 103°. The next
morning the foliage showed considerable
burning, and in a few days it had all
burned brown and soon dropped. Natu-
rally we then discontinued using the red
copper oxide.

Dr. Robert O. Maeie and Dr. Ross F.
Suit, of the New York State Agricultural
Station, visited Breeze Hill later, conclud-
ing that "to be used successfully on roses,
red copper oxide must be made less harm-
ful to the foliage."

We were advised that Dr. Suit would
concentrate his efforts this past winter on
perfecting a cuprous oxide paste, so
amended as to make the chemical safer
to use on foliage, and also to make it
capable of being more readily suspended
in water. He expected also to investigate
the possibility of using a cuprous oxide
dust.

This form of copper appears to have
high possibilities as a fungicide. It is quite
inexpensive to prepare and is almost in-
visible on the foliage. We hope that these
capable scientific experimenters will be
able to make it safe to use, even should
there be a recurrence of last summer's
abnormal temperatures, which, it may be
remembered, made nearly all forms of
sulphur fungicides equally destructive.
Members are referred to the complete pre-
sentation on all the major fungicides in
Dr. Massey's 1936 Disease-Control report
beginning on page loi of the 1937 Annual.

Houston, Texas

The new Houston (Texas) Rose Society
got oflp to a flying start at a public meeting
on March 8, 1937, with twenty-one en-
thusiastic charter members, each of whom
has pledged to bring at least two new
members to the next meeting.

As the idea only got under way at a
meeting of rose enthusiasts at the home of
Mrs. A. H. Richarz on February 18, this
is really quick work, made possible only
by the enthusiasm of Mrs. Richarz and
the rose love which exists in Houston.

One of the interesting things we have
noted in reports of the organization of
this Society, is that they have set them-
selves some ideals which are just a little
bit different from those of most of the
Rose Societies with which we are in close
touch. From various sources we learn that
they not only grow and discuss the mod-
ern rose, but intend to put in a great deal
of work and study on the almost-forgotten
roses which were grown in Texas in the
early days. Another plan which interested
us very much was the fact that they
intend to make quite a study of different
understocks, and in this short time have
already made arrangements to have a
number of different types of roses budded
on Rosa bracteata (the Macartney Rose).
Rose-lovers who have gone deep into
rose history know that there are just as
many thrills, if not more, in growing the
old-tinie roses as there are in the latest
novelties. We feel certain, therefore, that
the members of the Houston Rose Society
are going to have an enjoyable time grow-
ing and studying these roses.

Mrs. Richarz is eminently fitted to en-
courage the culture and study of the old
roses, as may be seen from the list of va-
rieties now growing in her garden. Some
of them which, unfortunately, we rarely
see today are:

Belle of Portugal
Catherine Mermet
Chromatella
Comtesse du Cayla
Coupe d'Heb^
CI. Perle des Jardins
Duchesse de Brabant
Eglantine (Sweetbriar)
Etoile de Lyon
Freiherr von Marschall
General Tartas
Gloire de Dijon
Gloire des Rosomanes
Gold of Ophir
Harry Kirk
Isabella Sprunt
Jules Finger
Lamarque
Louis Philippe

Maman Cochet

Mar^chal Niel

Marie van Houtte

Minnie Francis

Mme. Lombard

Mme. Plantier

Mrs. B. R. Cant

Old Blush

Reve d*Or

Reine Marie Henrielte

Rosa damascena

Safrano

Souv. de la Malmaisen

Souv. de Pierre Nott^ng

White Banksia

White and Pink Cher >kee

White Maman Cochet

Wm. Allen Richardscn

Wm. R. Smith

Don't Whack!

In spite of the danger of starting anew
the perennial discussion of "To Whack or
Not to Whack," which is by no means
my purpose, I do want to focus attention
on the pruning of large-flowered climbers,
particularly those called "tender" climbers
by our hard-cold-climate friends, consist-
ing of Teas, Hybrid Teas, Bourbons, etc.,
and their sports.

There are very fine climbing roses m-
cluded in the above classes. These are
becoming very popular in the South, and
properly so. They are beginning to be
generally planted. There is no other
section of our country where conditions
are quite so congenial to them.

It has been very gratifying during the
past year or so to note the number of
writers making a plea for less severe
treatment of rose plants. This is espe-
cially applicable to climbing sports, and
too great a number of these roses are
reverting to bush form, failing to climb
on account of severe pruning at the nurs-
eries, or to instructions for too hard
pruning at the time of planting.

Having for a number of years person-
ally suffered the consequences of the
severe pruning of plants of this class of
roses, I began, about five years ago, to
insist that these roses come to me un-
pruned. The experiment has proved
more than satisfactory.

Being interested in this subject, I natu-
rally began noting references in rose
articles supporting my theory, and as a
result have some thirty articles contain-
ing such references, published in America,
England, France, Germany, and Australia
in the past two years.

The usual objection that I have en-
countered has been the extra cost; but
wouldn't it be desirable to pay this
reasonable difference and be sure of get-
ting a climber that you can depend on
rather than take a chance on having the
plant revert on account of severe pruning?

Large-flowered climbers, mostly those
of the Hybrid Teas, Teas and their sports,
are best left untouched the first year at
planting, as they are temperamental,
and, if hard pruned, all too often revert
to bush form. — H. D. Crump, Macon, Ga.

A Large and Lovely Rose

This bloom of the new rose named for
Mrs. Francis King was grown in the gar-
den of one of our trustees, Mrs. W. W.
Gibbs, of Staunton, Va. The flower was
5^ inches in diameter and, as the picture
shows, was pretty near perfection for this
type of bloom.

Mrs. Francis King is one of Dr. J. H.
Nicolas* novelties, and is described by him
as a large, full rose of tinted cream and
ivory which eventually turns white.
The parentage given is Lady Lilford X
Leonard Barron. Facing page 162 of the
1937 Annual is an illustration in color,
showing the dainty hues of this rose.

The Official Test-Gardens

For a long time it was felt that the two
official test-gardens at Hartford, Conn.,
and Portland, Ore., did not adequately
represent the results which might be ex-
pected from roses in the various soils and
climate of this great country.

Cognizant of the fact that the number
of test-gardens would be increased. Dr.
Kirk's committee arranged the new rules
for "Awards for Novelties" to cover
regional awards, and requiring that before
a rose may be awarded the Gold Medal
Certificate of the American Rose Society
"it must have won sufficient Regional
Gold Medal Certificates to conclusively
demonstrate its general adaptability, and
must have had three years of test in at
least five well-separated, approved test-
gardens."

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

The Red Copper Oxide
Fungicide

Dr. Robert O. Magie and Dr. Ross F.
Suit, of the New York State Agricultural
Station, visited Breeze Hill later, conclud-
ing that "to be used successfully on roses,
red copper oxide must be made less harm-
ful to the foliage."

Houston, Texas

The new Houston (Texas) Rose Society
got off to a flying start at a pubhc meeting
on March 8, 1937, with twenty-one en-
thusiastic charter members, each of whom
has pledged to bring at least two new
members to the next meeting.

As the idea only got under way t a
meeting of rose enthusiasts at the hoi c of
Mrs. A. H. Richarz on February 18, ihii
is really quick work, made possible nly
by the enthusiasm of Mrs. Richarz md
the rose love which exists in Houston.

One of the interesting things we iave
noted in reports of the organization of
this Society, is that they have set Ll cm-
selves some ideals which are just a 'ittle
bit different from those of most ot the
Rose Societies with which we are in close
touch. From various sources we learn t hat
they not only grow and discuss the inod-
ern rose, but intend to put in a great deal
of work and study on the almost-forg(>i ten
roses which were grown in Texas in the
early days. Another plan which interested
us very much was the fact that they
intend to make quite a study of different
understocks, and in this short time lnvc
already made arrangements to haw, a
number of different types of roses bij(hled
on Rosa bracteata (the Macartney Rose).
Rose-lovers who have gone deep into
rose history know that there are just as
many thrills, if not more, in growing the
old-time roses as there are in the hitest
novelties. We feel certain, therefore, that
the members of the Houston Rose Society
are going to have an enjoyable time ^row-
ing and studying these roses.

Mrs. Richarz is eminently fitted to en-
courage the culture and study of tlie old
roses, as may be seen from the list ol va-
rieties now growing in her garden. Some
of them which, unfortunately, we n^ cly
see today are:

Belle of Portugal
Catherine Mermet
Chromatella
Comtesse du Cayla
Coupe d'Hebe
CI. Perle des Jardins
Duchesse de Brabant
Eglantine (Sweetbriar)
Etoile de Lyon
Frciherr von Marschall
General Tartas
Gloire de Dijon
Gloire des Rosomanes
Gold of Ophir
Harry Kirk
Isabella Sprunt
Jules Finger
Lamarque
Louis Philippe

Maman Cochet
Marechal Niel
Marie van Houtte
Minnie Francis
Mme. Lombard
Mme. Plantier
Mrs. B. R. Cant
Old Blush
Reve d'Or
Reine Marie Henrit'
Rosa damascena
Safrano

Souv. de la Malmaf
Souv. de Pierre Not
White Banksia
White and Pink Che:
White Maman Coch
Wm. Allen Richards^
Wm, R. Smith

vce

■I

I
J

Don't Whack!

In spite of the danger of starting anew
the perennial discussion of "To Whack or
Not to Whack," which is by no means
my purpose, I do want to focus attention
on the pruning of large-flowered climbers,
particularly those called "tender'* climbers
by our hard-cold-climate friends, consist-
ing of Teas, Hybrid Teas, Bourbons, etc.,
and their sports.

There are very fine climbing roses in-
cluded in the above classes. These are
ix'coming very popular in the South, and
properly so. They are beginning to be
generally planted. There is no other
section of our country where conditions
;irc quite so congenial to them.

I laving for a number of years person-
ally suffered the consequences of the
severe pruning of plants of this class of
roses, I began, about five years ago, to
insist that these roses come to me un-
pruned. The experiment has proved
more than satisfactory.

Being interested in this subject, I natu-
rally began noting references in rose
articles supporting my theory, and as a
result have some thirty articles contain-
ing; such references, published in America,
England, France, Germany, and Australia
n the past two years.

The usual objection that I have en-
(ountered has been the extra cost; but
Nvouldn't it be desirable to pay this
reasonable difference and be sure of get-
ting a climber that you can depend on
rather than take a chance on having the
jilant revert on account of severe pruning?

Large-flowered climbers, mostly those
■>\ the Hybrid Teas, Teas and their sports,
;'re best left untouched the first year at
planting, as they are temperamental,
and, if hard pruned, all too often revert
o bush form. — H. D. Crump, Macon, Ga.

A Large and Lovely Rose

Mrs. Francis King is one of Dr. J. H.
Nicolas' novelties, and is described by him
as a large, full rose of tinted cream and
ivory which eventually turns white.
The parentage given is Lady Lilford X
Leonard Barron. Facing page 162 of the
1937 Annual is an illustration in color,
showing the dainty hues of this rose.

The Official Test-Gardens

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

So that originators might have places
to send their roses for testing, the Execu-
tive Committee on December 3, 1936,
acting upon acceptances received, named
the following sixteen gardens as Official
Test-Gardens of the American Rose
Society.

California: Forrest L. Ilicatt, P. O. Box 865,
San Diego, Calif

Canada: A. J. Webster, 365 Lauder Ave.,
Toronto, Can.

Connecticut: Elizabeth Park Rose Garden,
eare of E. A. Piester, L. A., Municipal BIdg.,
I lartford, Conn.

Georgia: James H. Porter, Porterfield, iMa-
eon, Ga.

Iowa: iMrs. B. T. Whitaker, The Cedars, 800
Park Ave., Boone, Iowa.

Massachusetts: Dr. E. W. Burt, Westport,
Mass.

Mississippi: Mrs. J. Smith Garraway, 602 VV.
41 h St., Hattiesburg, Miss.

Ohio: "Glenallen," Estate of Mrs. Francis F.
Prentiss, 3505 Mayfield Road, Cleveland
Heights, Ohio, Robert P. Brydon, Super-
intendent.

Oregon: International Rose Test Gardens, care
of Fred Edmunds, Curator, 2742 N. W.
Savier St., Portland, Ore.

Pennsylvania: Dr. J. Horace McFarland,
Breeze Hill Gardens, Harrisburg, Pa.
Hershey Estates Rose Garden, care of H. L.
Erdman, Manager, Hershey, Pa.

C. R. McGinnes, 605 Colonial Trust BIdg.,
Reading, Pa.

Texas: Mrs. Hally Bradley Hampton, 4501
Dalhis Pike, Fort Worth, Texas.

Utah: Mrs. Maud Chegwidden, 4137 South
9th East St., Murray, Utah.

Virginia: Dr. T. Allen Kirk, 109 Grandin Road,
Roanoke, Va.

Washington: N. B. Coffman, 899 St. Helena
Ave., Chehalis, Wash.

This is, of course, an experiment, and
not to be considered final. Owners of some
of these gardens will decide, after a season
or two, that they do not want to be both-
ered with it, while already several applica-
tions have been received from well-
equipped gardens in other states. As this
American Rose Magazine goes to press, it
is too early to know how many of the six-
teen gardens will really have novelties
under test this year; we have no informa-
tion from the nurserymen as to how many
plants they have sent, or will send to the
gardens this season.

If we are able to get this information to-

gether, it will be published in the next
issue of the Magazine, so that other num-
bers can visit the gardens and study the
novelties.

When the list of gardens is finally com-
pleted, it is possible that arrangements
will be made to assign the plants to the
different gardens after we learn the num-
ber of plants available. The whole eflort
is experimental, and its success depends
upon the interest and attention of those
concerned. The officers of the American
Rose Society can only provide the oppor-
tunity— they can clear a track, but they
can't run the trains on it. The members
and the tradesmen who depend on their
purchasing power must do that!

High Schools Interested
in Soil-Testing

The value of soil-testing, a thorough
trial of which was advocated by officials
of the American Rose Society beginning
last April, which has borne results in rose
culture, was given scientific recognition
when the educational leaders of the
country in convention at New Orleans
invited Harry L. Daunoy to present a
paper before the National Council of Ele-
mentary Science in convention recently
in New Orleans with the National Echi-
cational Association.

Because there w^re representatives
from every state in the Union, Mr.
Daunoy chose as his subject the pH Rela-
tion in Flower Culture, but especially
spoke on the pH Relation in Rose Culture,
with a feeling that the rose could be grown
in every state of the Union, if the soil was
made congenial. Considerable interest
was aroused, and it was thought that
many high schools throughout the coun-
try will soon begin teaching simplified
methods of soil-testing as a practical
science, as it is felt that this will sun ly
broaden the interest in scientific garde ?:-
ing, offering an entirely new field of occu-
pation for many young people.

The Proof of the Pudding in the An-
nuals is a splendid guide in selecting tlie
novelties of which every garden should
have a few.

^r"

Your 193 7 Roses

THE Editor's mail tells the 1937 rose story, up to the beginning of
bloom at Breeze Hill. From all parts of America, from California to
Boston, from South to North, the spring and early summer rose result
either has shown, or is preparing to show, unusual rose-growth and bloom.
It is a top-notch rose season, this of 1937. More roses, better roses; fine
color and fragrance; rich abundance of bloom.

Even the rose tradesmen are happy! About all the good plants are sold
or being sold, and for the dime-store trash yet moving into the easy-mark
trade there can be only good-natured sympathy; you don't feel very sorry
for those stung as they pay less than a fair price.

Rose visits, "pilgrimages," have begun. It is the true spirit of the rose
that invites participation, intercourse, mutual enjoyment. The more
visits the better! Rose interchange is needed. It pays double, for it profits
both the visitor and the visited.

News items of roses will make the Editors and the readers happy. Send
them along, but don't, please don't, send in poorly packed cut roses for
naming. Neither the Secretary nor the Editor is a mind-reader!

Go to Cleveland on June 15-16 and really enjoy your rose associates,
make new friends with folks and flowers. All aboard for Cleveland!

^/fji^n.^^-tAy fV^^HAJ^0Ju4{.

The American Rose Societ)

15 < a copy • $1.50 a year

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

SPRING CONVENTION OF THE

THE AMERICAN
ROSE MAGAZINE

Edited by

J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

Published bi-montbly by

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Crescent and Mulberry Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

Subacription price: To members of the American Row
Sodety 75 ct». a year, 15 cts. a copy, wbicb amount is
tncluded tn toe annual dues of S3'Jo.

To all others: $1.50 a year, 25 cts. a copy.

Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Harris-
burg, Pa., under the act of March 3, 1879.

Vol. II. No. 3

1937 May-June

NOTICE

If you are going to the Cleveland
Meeting and have not returned the
post-card from the Annual, please
do so at once. Our Cleveland hosts
would like to know how many they
are to entertain.

—THE SECRETARY

Where We Meet in Cleveland

The Hotel Cleveland, which is the
official hotel for the meeting of the Ameri-
can Rose Society in Cleveland on June
15 and 16, quotes the following rates for
our members:

$2.75 and up — single room with bath.
$4.50, two persons — double room, double bed.
$5.00, two persons — twin beds and bath.

Each room of the Hotel Cleveland is
equipped with tub or shower bath, cir-
culating ice-water, and servidor service.

As the Great Lakes Exposition is draw-
ing numbers of people to Cleveland this
summer, the Hotel requests that reserva-
tions be made as early as possible as they
want to take care of all of us. Please at-
tend to this as soon as you are sure that
you are going, and do try to go, as there
will be an interesting meeting, a fine
show and the Exposition to see.

A Cordial Invitation

Visitors on their way to the Clevehnid
meeting of the American Rose Societ} in
June will be welcome to visit the gard( ns
of members of the Columbus Rose Club,
of Columbus, Ohio. The locations are as
follows :

Harry O'Brien, "Plain Dirt Gardener," Wonh-

ington, on Wilson Road, off Route 23, one

mile north of village.
J. A. Davies, 7539 East Broad Street, on Rcmtc

16, eleven miles east of Capitol.
BuRWELL Nurseries Company, 4060 East M lin

Street, on Route 40, seven miles east of center

of Columbus.
WiLBER Stout, 154 Erie Road, West, off North

High Street, Columbus (Route 23), at 37()0

block.
Fritz A. Lichtenbury, 2508 Bexley Park Road,

Bexley, eastern part of Columbus.

The Passing of a Rose President

Fred W^. Southworth, President of the
Detroit Rose Society, died suddenly of a
heart attack at his home, 14575 Archdale
Avenue, Detroit, April 28. Mr. South-
worth was well known and well liked
among the rosarians of his section. He
was busily engaged in promoting rose
prosperity right up to the end. His lead-
ing article in the 1937 Rose Annual,
"Human Relationship in Rose-Growing,"
was invited on the occasion of the Editor's
visit to Detroit in 1936, through the im-
pression of broad humanity made by tiiis
earnest and sweet-spirited Christian ro'^e-
man.

Manganese Sulphate

Members who have difficulty in locally
obtaining the Manganese Sulphate recofii-
mended by Harry L. Daunoy in certain
cases, can get it direct from the manu-
facturers, The Carus Chemical Co., 1373
Eighth St., La Salle, 111. It is not cost

1 1-

V •

A Near-by Rose Show

The Sixth Annual Show of the Niagara
Frontier Rose Society will be held in t'le
Buffalo Museum of Science, which ad-
joins the Society's trial and demonstra-
tion garden, on Saturday and Sundav,
June 19 and 20, 1937.

AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

With Cleveland Rose Society Cooperating
Tuesday and Wednesday, June 15 and 16, 1937

HEADQUARTERS: HOTEL CLEVELAND, CLEVELAND, OHIO

(Eastern Standard Time)

TUESDAY, JUNE 15, 1937
8 A.M. Registration of Members and Guests. (Main Lobby.)

Registration Fee, $1. (Each registrant receives a badge which entitles him to attend
all lectures, a ticket to the luncheon at Mentor on Wednesday, and free transportation
on all tours if needed.)

10 A.M. Judging of Cleveland Rose Show. Admission to show, free.

11.30 A.M. Opening of the Show.

12.30 P.M. Luncheon at Hotel Cleveland, in Rose Room.

Optional — not included in registration fee.

PROGRAMME FOR THE MEETING OF AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

1.30V.M. Address of Welcome: M. H. Horvath, Honorary President Cleveland
Rose Society.

"Making a Rose-Garden" : George A. Sweetser, Wellesley Hills, Mass.

"Fertilizers and Soil- Requirements" : Edwin H. Rappe, Baltimore, Md.

3.30 P.M. Visit to Cleveland Garden Center.

Visit to "Glenallen,** estate of Mrs. F. F. Prentiss. This is one of the American
Rose Society's test-gardens.

7.30 P.M. Banquet to American Rose Society (Ballroom — Informal).

Toastmaster: J. F. Kafton, President Cleveland Rose Society.

Address of Welcome: Harold H. Burton, Mayor of Cleveland.

'Roses of Canada" : Arthur Webster, President Ontario Rose Society.

'Roses of Tomorrow": Leonard Barron, President American Rose
Society.

Illustrated Talk: Harry R. O'Brien, the "Plain Dirt Gardener."

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1937

8.30 a.m. Pilgrimage to rose nurseries at Mentor, Ohio, visiting the P. R. Bosley,
Melvin E. Wyant, and Gerard K. Klyn nurseries.

12 M. Luncheon at M. H. Horvath's estate, Mentor, Ohio.

4 P.M. Visit to "Hillbrook," estate of E. S. Burke, Chagrin Falls, Ohio.

(This visit contingent on the time spent at M. H. Horvath's home.)

<(i

(<i

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

The 1937 Disease-Control Campaign

WE HAVE fallen far short of our
goal of 200 cooperators for this
season, the list now totaling but
63. Unless there is an immediate exten-
sion in interest, as evidenced by a sub-
stantial increase in participants, it will
hardly be feasible to publish the results
in the next Annual. However, we can
carry on and obtain valuable information
as well as be of specific help, we hope, to
those who are helping with this joint
effort.

To the cooperators there has been sent
(1) a calendar with ample space for a
record of the dates when the plants were
treated, materials used, rains and the
occurrence and development of diseases
and insect pests, and (2) a sample copy
of the questionnaire which will be sent
out this autumn for a report on results
obtained. The latter is sent merely for
advance information to the cooperator,
and is not to be filled out and returned
now. Most of the cooperators have been
in correspondence with the writer and
have received suggestions on their spray-
ing program for the season.

SUGGESTIONS ON SPRAYING AND DUSTING

By this time the roses of most of the members
will have started growth and the first application
—when the first leaves are about one-half inch
in length— will have been made. From now on it
is a question of keeping the foliage protected by
having a coating of fungicide on it in advance of
each time when the foliage will be wet for as long
as six hours. It is obvious that during the spring
when the plants are growing rapidly and when
there are frequent rains to wash the chemical
from the foliage, one should make applications of
the fungicide more frequently than later in the
season. Two or even three applications some
weeks may be necessary under even normal con-
ditions to keep the new growth covered and
replenish that washed away by rains. Later an
application once a week or even less frequently
may be adequate. But bear in mind that the
fungicide must be applied in advance of the rain
since it is during the time the plants are wet that
infection takes place.

MEETING THE PROBLEM OF PROPER TIMING

Unless the garden is located where fogs, dews,
or other unusual moisture conditions create
problems to be handled specially, the number of
applications for the season will average about
one each week. Some growers make a practice of

spraying once a week — for example, each Mond ly

— regardless of plant-development and weatlur

conditions and report satisfactory control of

black-spot and mildew. Others base tlnir

schedules on rains and new growth, as mentiom d

above, and their success favors this metliod.

The latter method is the more logical if it is

feasible under the conditions under which oni is

operating. With a relatively small number ot

plants and the use of dust, one can cover the

plants very quickly in advance of rains and tluis

make certain to have all new growth effectivdy

protected. Spraying takes more time to ajjply

and in addition the spray must dry on the foliage

in advance of the rain if it is to adhere effectivi ly.

The proper timing of applications is most essm-

tial for success since if the plants go through a

single rain period without adequate protection,

infection may result and subsequent control of

disease rendered extremely difficult.

COVER THE UNDERSIDES OF THE LEAVES

It is essential that the operator direct the
spray or dust upward to cover the undersides of
the leaves if good control is to be had. In inv
own practice, I spray or dust from two sides of
the plant, driving the material upward. 1 his
usually provides coverage also for the upper sides
of the leaves to which the material falls back
but to make certain the spray or dust is applied
direct to these surfaces, a procedure which is
very quickly done. Observations indicate that
infections taking place through the two surfaces
are normally about equal in number but the
lower surfaces are certain to be poorly protected
unless special care is taken to cover them \Nilh
the fungicide.

A pressure of at least 25 pounds and a noz/.ic-
disk that breaks the spray into a fine mist are
essentials for control. Higher pressures up to >n()
pounds are increasingly effective. Dusting cm
only be dcme efficiently and economically wIkm
the air is quiet, which means usually in the cailv
morning and late evening. Ideal conditions fi( -
quently exist at night, and, with electric liglts,
night dusting is feasible. Under favorable con-
ditions the dust will hang in the air about i!ie
plants for several minutes after it is apph( d.
Thoroughness in covering the foliage is essential
with both spray and dust. With experience tins
can be accomplished without applying so mu<h
material as to make it conspicuous to an obj< c-
tionable degree.

MATERIALS

At no time during the campaign has an atten, >t
been made to dictate the kinds of materials o
be used. Rather, we have attempted by research
to show the efficiencies of different materials cind
to make the results available so that they can
speak for themselves. To those who prefer dus-
ing, the sulphur dusts are to be preferred. Tl e
y^Portant thing here is to get sulphur of at le; -t
325-mesh fineness and which has been condi-

tioned for use as a dust. Ordinary sulphur, in-
cluding flowers of sulphur, is too coarse tcj be
( Occtivc. The dust may have arsenate ot lead
mixed with it for a stomach poison for insects,
,ncl may also have nicotine added for sucking
insects such as aphis. There is advantage in
applying the nicotine dust as a separate appli-
(itiim if, and when, needed.

Sprays used as fungicides largely depend either
on sulphur or copper for the active ingredient.
"Uettable sulphurs" are effective. They consist
-r finely divided sulphur to which some material
h IS been added to set the sulphur and cause it
to go into suspension. Lime-sulphur is a chemical
combination of sulphur and lime, giving poly-
sullides of calcium. The copper-containing sprays
may be bordeaux mixture, red copper oxide,
aininoniacal copper carbonate, or some of the
nc wer and less-tried materials developed largely
as substitute materials for bordeaux mixture
which continues as one of the most effective
materials known. Numerous proprietary mate-
rials are available and where used should be
applied according to the directions of the
manufacturer.

CHOICE OF MATERIALS AND METHODS

Whether one should dust or spray, just which
material should be used, and the procedure
necessary for control, varies with the location of
the garden and the individual. To this extent
each should approach the problem as an in-
vestigator and with the thought of finding out
what is best for his particular garden, and for

him. The trained investigator can lead the way,
determine relative efficiencies of materials and
methods, and develop new ones, but in the final
analysis the gardener must intelligently adapt
the procedure to his own conditions. We are
dealing with relative matters, and these cannot
be met in an arbitrary, rule-of-thumb method.

This campaign is directed at stimulat-
ing the gardener to intelligently approach
the problem of disease control, counseling
him in his selection of materials and
methods, aiding him in analyzing his suc-
cesses and failures, and encouraging him
in persistence. Diseases and pests can be
held in check in every rose-garden in this
country, and the process need not only
be unobjectionable, but it may be made
one of the really fascinating parts of
gardening.

There is still time for you to enroll as a
cooperator if you act promptly.

— L. M. Massey

Editor's Note. — Dr. Massey's plea for 200
to help themselves in working with him ought
to promptly bring him the desirable promises.
Why not? He says, "There is still time to
enroll." We must not fail to help along this fine
effort for the good of all of us.

An American Rose Worker in India

Tliat keen and indefatigable worker
with rose origins and rose chromosomes.
Dr. Erlanson, is living in Bengal in a hot
location. As is customary with those who
must endure tropical heat, there is a rest
season in the hills. A letter dated March
3 from Dr. Erlanson (who is really Mrs.
.1. B. Macfarlane) reads thus:

We are staying in a pretty, modern, English-
type house on a ridge at 4,000 feet altitude, with
;i '<>yely view across rugged ranges to the state
ot Sikkim, near Thibet. One morning the clouds
lit led and we saw the glorious snow-capped peaks
"i the Himalayas, pink-tipped in the sun. Due
j'">ith of us is mighty Kinchinjunga, 28,150 feet
'liiih, nearly as high as Everest and harder to
.scale.

1 he village is very busy, for wild Mongolian
iiMjuntaineers are coming in with trains of little
ponies laden with wool. They wear peaked caps
with fur flaps, big hooped earrings studded with
turquoises, padded coats, and red and blue knee-

high moccasins. Weird and picturesque folk of
many races rub shoulders in the bazaar.

Dr. Erlanson, in another part of the
letter, tells of impending rose-study when
she says: "The Germans have started on
a thoroughgoing scientific programme of
rose-study and will doubtless take the
lead soon, to America's shame. They
have written to me for all my publications
and requesting seeds from the Himalayas."

It is indicative of the reach of the rose
round the world to read these words from
the very heart of India, and to realize
that this brilliant woman is keeping right
on with her rose-studies dealing with the
basis of all rose-advance as she uncovers
the chromosome relationships of various
species, with their tendencies and pos-
sibilities. Her last important contribu-
tion is printed in the 1937 American Rose
Annual, beginning on page 23.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

What Real Rose-Love Can Do

Some day, I promised myself, I would
write you what fun my husband and I
have had learning what little we know of
roses, and what "sweaty" fun it has been
trying to grow a few roses in a back yard
in which tumbleweeds and sand-burrs re-
fused to grow when we moved into our
present home. Once, we are told, this
street was part of a city "dump;" it is now
one of our more attractive sections of
town.

Many holes and hollows were filled with
a type of sand in which even the afore-
mentioned weeds disdained to grow. Our
entire lot was a sand-pile, but it is now
thought to be one of the prettiest in our
street. Hence the "sweaty" fun.

The burning hot sun, humid days and
nights (lovely mildew weather), and poor
soil, besides our total ignorance regarding
roses — discouraging combination, isn't it?
We shall probably never be even partial
experts; that isn't our interest. We love
roses and want to grow as lovely ones as
we can for our own and our friends' enjoy-
ment. We've made many mistakes — poor
choices and unsound plants mostly, I
think. You might have laughed as did our
neighbors at the trench we dug for our
first, "so many for so much" roses. We
were asked if we were trying to make
"straight through" communication with
the Orient. That was in April, 1935.
About June 16, our first rose bloomed; we
were almost dehrious with delight. Lots
of buds had formed, too. By mid-July our
back yard was a favorite gathering-spot
for our neighbors and their friends, and
from then till the early frosts spoiled what
would have been a really lovely display,
there was no day on which one or as many
as thirty roses were not cut for our own or
other people's enjoyment. The "big hole"
had been worth the work we had put into
it. We did the best we knew how with
peat moss, bonemeal, and sheep manure.
We nearly cried over mildew and black-
spot and bugs. We worried over spindly
plants. We worked hard. And we would
do it over again for the beauty of those
roses!

We have visited public rose-gardens and
a few private ones, and have learned that

we worked too hard on ours. But we
didn't know HOW to do any better. We
had beauty in our garden, that \\as
enough for us.

This year, with some new plants less
susceptible to disease (perhaps), better
equipment, a fraction more knowlecl^^
and an improved soil, we hope to cut down
our work and increase our leisure for the
enjoyment of the roses — thanks to the
American Rose Society and its Rose
Magazine. But I doubt that we shall ever
experience the thrill we got out of our
first rose-bed in 1935. Also, mildew and
black-spot included, we're keeping some
of the roses we learned to love, and
prayerfully hope our better care will
give them better health. To test this
last, we are buying new plants of the
same varieties from a firm of very g(jod
repute. If our old plants suffer in com-
parison, we shall lovingly build for them
a funeral pyre.

Thank you no end for the great help you
and the Society have given us. — Mrs.
Michael A. Kale, Misbawaka, Ind,

At the National Capital

One of the most important of the local
societies which are doing so much to in-
crease interest in the rose is the Potomac
Rose Society, of Washington, D. C.

In addition to their monthly meet i figs
and the Annual Show, the Society pub-
lishes a lively monthly bulletin, chock-
full of valuable rose information.

Col. William H. England, President of
the Society, tells us that this year em-
phasis is being put on instruction to mem-
bers in planting, pruning, fertilizing,
spraying, etc., and articles by competent
members on these topics are published in
the bulletin.

These mimeographed bulletins, are not
only valuable to members who are unai)le
to attend meetings, but are import mt
sources of information on all phases of
rose-growing.

We should like to hear of more local
societies rendering their members sich
service.

If you publish a bulletin, send u a
copy.

Bad Time with Texas Roses

'I-

In a prefatory note to Mr. Ratsek's
11 tide on "Rose Prospects for 1937 in
i:ast Texas" in the 1937 Rose Annual
iage 127), the Editor cites the "opinion
om a competent rose-lover in South
. )akota" that roses from different sections
mI the country, including Texas, "do
c'Cjually well with equal care." In keeping
Aitli the policy of the Rose Society to
present both sides of every question, the
(xperience of an amateur with Texas roses
in the Southeast is presented for whatever
it may be worth.

Arid statistics and the Queen of Flowers
are a queer combination; but, to avoid
the dissemination of snap judgments or
biased opinions, an indictment of a large
rose-growing district should not be pub-
lished unless supported by actual figures.
During the past two years I have bought
several hundred roses from Texas, Cali-
fornia, New York, and Pennsylvania.
The purchases in Texas have been spread
among four large and well-known firms;
those in Pennsylvania among two old and
well-established firms; and those in New
^ ork and California indirectly from single
firms. The mortality rate of the best
Texas concerns in this respect has been
incomparably higher than the poorest
record outside this state. More than half
the surviving roses from two of the Texas
houses proved untrue to name, and in one
ease 90 per cent of the plants were of the
wrong variety. Over 50 per cent of the
stock furnished by the other two dealers
tailed to survive transplanting.

For example, this year I have lost 23
cut of 27 Dainty Bess bought from one
of the leading firms at Tyler. Of 173
California, Pennsylvania, and New York
roses planted under the identical condi-
tions within a radius of 40 feet, 2 have
(lied. There were 16 Texas Etoile de
i lollandes planted between 16 Pennsyl-
N ania Christopher Stones, and 16 Pennsyl-
vania McGredy's Scarlets. All 16 of the
lexas plants died without beginning
LTowth in the spring, while all 32 of the
Pennsylvania plants lived. The 16 Texas
Mrs. E. P. Thoms, planted between an
t^qual number of Pennsylvania Hinrich
Caedes and Heinrich Wendlands, died.

while the 32 Pennsylvania plants are
growing vigorously. Pennsylvania prod-
ucts replaced the original Mrs. E. P.
Thoms, and, despite the late planting, all
are living, and 15 are thriving. Out of
15 Texas Golden Daw^ns 13 died without
making growth an inch long, while in the
same bed 10 Senora Garis and 9 Feu
Pernet-Duchers from Pennsylvania, 15
New York Amelia Earharts, and 12 Cali-
fornia Mari Dots are growing as if in
competition at the Bagatelle. Out of 20
Texas Kaiserin Auguste Viktorias 18
failed to live; all of the 18 Pennsylvania
Mme. Jules Bouches in the same bed are
growing vigorously. The 16 Texas Charles
K. Douglas roses are still alive, but they
have made less than half the growth [on
May 4] of either New York Signoras or
Pennsylvania Mme. Cochet-Cochets
alongside. Out of 21 Texas President
Herbert Hoovers, 5 are technically alive,
but the most robust one of the lot is less
than knee-high to my Pennsylvania
Chateau de CIos Vougeots.

The poor record of Texas roses in the
Southeast is apparently not confined to
North Carolina. In 1935 I sent Texas
plants as Christmas presents to three
relatives in as many places in Mississippi,
and in each case the Lone Star State lived
up to its record of more than 50 per cent
mortality. — Earl J. Hamilton, Durharrij
North Carolina,

Editor's Note. — Prof. Hamilton's indictment
is specific and well supported, and is not to be
doubted. Yet if he were, this June 20, in the
Breeze Hill garden he could see living evidence
of the vigor and quality of some Texas roses, in
full and fair comparison with roses from Cali-
fornia, Pennsylvania, and New York. Our con-
viction is that it is not the Texas climate or soil
that are at fault, but rather the methods and
sometimes the ignorance of some Texas rose-
growers. Dr. Ratsek's article in the 1937 Annual
plainly shows the dangers following careless
nurture. Among all rose nurserymen there must
come a fuller conception of the dangers as well
as of the possibilities. Texas has grown and
shipped this year many sound and good roses
out of her tremendous production of more than
fifteen million plants. Her growers will have to
learn by sad, sour, and costly experience to heed
the admonitions of Dr. Ratsek and others as to
growing, storing, and shipping roses.

The Breeze Hill 1937 experiments and ex-
perience are accessible to all rose-growers.

Yellow Radiance ? White Radiance ?

John Cook's gift to the rose-world was
one of those epoch-making roses which
niay reverently be assumed as a special
interposition of the Creator. Radiance,
as first distributed in 1908 through Peter
Henderson, resulted from hybridization
of two of Mr. Cook's little-known roses,
Enchanter and Cardinal. Sold to Mr.
Henderson at the then highest price ever
paid for a garden rose, in the belief that
it would be a greenhouse cut-flower rose,
Radiance was not a success in that use,
but rapidly spread over the world as the
most dependable Hybrid Tea, delivering
buds and bloom and growth in nearly all
conditions everywhere.

"Sports" began to occur. There were
two Red Radiances, one, happening in
Washington for Gude Bros, in 1916, being
accepted as the best in a choice between
a sport occurring for Pierson about the
same time, but withdrawn.

Then came the Washington sport, sent
out by A. N. Pierson in 1917 as Mrs.
Charles Bell, and yet unique in its pink-
ish salmon hues.

Pretty soon the popularity of Radiance
started two things: hybridization to get
other colors, and hopes for sports. The
sport occurrence is not rare, and a White
Radiance was soon reported from Miami,
which investigation proved to be a fake.
Then came a Texas report, and White
Radiances from all over, the last and
worst of them having been run down
within a few months as nothing more or
less than a Kaiserin Auguste Viktoria
renamed, despite its total difference of
habit, shape, and general character.

The rose-swindler will keep busy with
Radiance, but it may be assumed that
until the American Rose Society's Regis-
tration Committee has accepted any rose
as a White Radiance, or a Yellow Radi-
ance, "there ain't no such animile." This
is said with much confidence and asser-
tion, because registrations which have
been ofl^ered by sincere, honest members
of the Society, first for Yellow Radiance
and then for White Radiance, were with-
drawn when it was found that the parent-
age was not as claimed.

Now comes that able and persistent

worker, Dr. J. H. Nicolas, certain! \ a
most painstaking and successful hybrid-
izer who, in answering a query as to
Radiance possibilities writes: "Radiance
is the most obstinate and selfish breeder.
I have, perhaps, done more Radiance
breeding than anyone else on earth, and
got nowhere. It seems as if the color and
plant characters were welded together,
and, like Mary and her little lamb, one
goes where the other does."

Then Dr. Nicholas gives the detailed
history of his attempts, w^orking throii^di
several generations to preserve the glob-
ular form and the growth characters of
John Cook's inspired rose. He has worked
with the Pernetiana group and in every
other direction, using not only Radiance
itself but its sports. He ends his obser\ a-
tions by saying — "I have given up breed-
ing Radiance as a bad job."

This does not mean that yellow or
white Radiance roses are impossible.
"Accidents do and will happen." This is
here written so that members of the
American Rose Society can look with
justified suspicion on any offers of other
Radiance varieties than Radiance, \{(;d
Radiance, and Mrs. Charles Bell (some-
times wrongly called "Salmon Radiance."]

''Startling Statements in the 1937 Annual''

A Southern Pilgrimage

The Hattiesburg (Miss.) Rose Society
enjoyed a rose pilgrimage on Friday,
May 7. Eighteen members were on the
pilgrimage, visiting fourteen gardens.
The President, Mrs. J. Smith Garraway,
writes us that there was something to
learn in every garden visited, as each was
different.

What One Rose May Mean

A rose to the living is more

Than sumptuous wreaths to the dead.
In filling love's infinite store
A rose to the living is more,

If given before the hungering spirit is llr I,
A rose to the living is more,

Than sumptuous wreaths to the dead!

Author unknown; sent to us by Mr. E. II.
Stahl, Cleveland, Ohio.

I WAS eager to receive my copy of the
1937 American Rose Annual, because
I knew there would be articles by
Dr. Kirk and Dr. Nicolas about their
^ isit to Europe. Dr. Kirk gave a very
tactful and interesting resume, whereas
Dr. Nicolas, while providing valuable in-
formation, unfortunately gives what I
assert is an incorrect impression as to
what constitutes Form or Character in a
rose. I quote the following from page 192:
"The English rose fanciers . . . have thor-
oughly turned toward garden ornamenta-
tion and away from the exhibition tables.
I well remember the time when English
hybridizers put all their efforts and pref-
erence into such exhibition roses as
George Dickson. Large blooms, for years,
won medals in their shows. Today we see
the garden rose preferred — those with
open center, such as the McGredy roses.
Sam McGredy was a pioneer in this new
era. For several years the McGredy house
has dropped altogether the exhibition
bloom, to produce strictly garden roses."
I note with special interest that a
similar article appears in the 1937 Na-
tional (English) Rose Annual by Dr.
Nicolas. Being a professional nursery-
man, it is natural for Dr. Nicolas to en-
courage beds of garden roses. Is it not
the dream of us all? But many of us in
America have not the money or the space,
and must content ourselves with a plant
or two of a variety. Contributors to the
"Proof of the Pudding'* prove this state-
ment, and our motto is, "A rose for every
home; a bush for every garden."

Now let us see what is wrong with Dr.
Nicolas' statements. (What a pity both
he and Dr. Kirk did not visit the Pro-
vincial Show where 27 classes out of 66
are provided for exhibition roses!) The
1937 National Rose Annual gives a great
deal of prominence to the exhibition rose.
U is indeed a pleasure to see two American
roses given the stamp of approval as being
of exhibition value.

There is proof aplenty that exhibitors
at the National Rose Society shows have
not turned away from the exhibition

tables. What really has taken place is
that a more desirable type of exhibition
rose has been encouraged — one with fewer
petals, yet of sufficient petalage to be
regularly and gracefully arranged within
a circular outline and having a well-
formed center. In this Dr. Nicolas is
right about roses like George Dickson.
A rose suitable for both garden and ex-
hibition purposes is not only to be pre-
ferred, but comes to be what I believe is
the modern ideal.

And now comes Dr. Nicolas' startling
statement: "Those of open center, such
as the McGredy roses." Remembering
what I saw and said at Rochester in 1936,
I cannot remain silent, nor believe Dr.
Nicolas means exactly that. In the Na-
tional Rose Society article I am positive
Mr. Courtney Page, the Editor, graciously
changed "open center" to "o/ less petal-
age.'' Dr. Nicolas has a right to his
opinion, be it right or wrong, in England
as in America, nor would he be challenged
by the firm of McGredy, whose roses Dr.
Nicolas' firm distributes. From 1933 to

1936 the firm of McGredy has won
honors at the National Rose Society
shows with six exhibition varieties and
nine strictly garden varieties. In the

1937 National Rose Annual an unusual
amount of attention in color plates is
given the exhibition rose. And to top it
off, the firm of McGredy has named an
exhibition rose after Sam McGredy. All
of these roses at the time of judging did
not have open centers. Since we in
America exhibit our choicest blooms in a
vase, call them what we will, specimen,
show or exhibition, we must rely on the
types which are best suited for the pur-
pose.— G. F. MiDDLETON, Seattle, Wash.

Editor's Note. — Although regretting the
suggestions that Mr. Middleton makes as to the
basis of Dr. Nicolas' judgment, we pi the

former's statement in full, because a good-
humored scrap is desirable. The Editor must
record himself as favoring a rosy rose rather
than one so artificial as to meet the hard-boiled
exhibition standards. There is room for both,
and both Mr. Middleton and Dr. Nicolas are
right as they see their ideals.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

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A 1937 addition to the Rose-Garden in Elizabeth Park, Hartford, Conn.

Adding to the Elizabeth Park Rose-Garden

The photograph above, sent us by Mr. E. A.
Piester, of the Hartford Park Department,
represents a new Hybrid Tea section added at
the north end of the Rose-Garden at Elizabeth
Park. The work was begun by WPA workers
in October, 1936, and was finished by the Park
Department this spring. The new section will
provide room for 3,000 additional plants.

This was the first Municipal Rose-Garden in
the United States, and is visited annually by
thousands of visitors from all over the United
States and Canada. In addition to the thousands
of Hybrid Teas, Polyanthas, and Climbers it
contains dozens of beds of rare old Hybrid
Perpetuals, most of which are no longer in
commerce.

Growing Roses in Southern Pine Lands

MUCH of what follows was pre-
sented at a meeting of the Hat-
tiesburg (Miss.) Rose Society.

The soil in these pine lands is of very
low fertility; the pH value ranges from
about pH 4.5 to §.§. Occasionally some
spots are found showing pH 4.0; others,
pH 6.0. But since recent investigations
show that roses grow best in soils with
pH values ranging between pH 5.0 and
pH 7.0, with the optimum around pH 6.0,
it may easily be seen that the principal con-
cern here is one of proper fertilizing.

Nearly all of these pine-land soils are
sandy. I was formerly of the opinion that
roses demanded a heavy clay soil, but this
opinion is not borne out by soil samples I

have been collecting from various sections
of the country. These sandy pine-Luid
soils are greatly improved by the liberal
incorporation of humus. Many waste ma-
terials may be used for this purpose. I like
to suggest the use of whatever may be
nearest at hand, or cheapest if necessary
to buy commercial humus. Manure is of
great value as the humus part of pine-hind
soils, but needs the addition of super-
phosphate. Grass clippings are also excel-
lent, as are old leaves. In pine-land
country, pine needles are easily obtained,
and there is an abundance of mill trash
around abandoned sawmills. If the latter
material is thoroughly rotted, it is abcmt
as good as peat moss. The material is J')W

in plant- food, and its incorporation in the
soil should be valued only as a conditioner.
Possibly this rotted pine may be some-
what too acid (pH 4.0) when mixing it
into a soil which is already acid (pH 5.0),
but if equal quantities of the rotted mill
trash (pH 4.0) are mixed with the manure
(pH 8.0) the acidity will probably be
sufficiently neutralized.

It may be necessary to use a small
amount of lime with this sawmill refuse —
say about 10 pounds of dehydrated lime
to each cubic yard of rotted sawdust. Be
sure the material is thoroughly rotted, be-
cause if sawdust is used fresh as part of
the soil mixture it may rob the plants of
the nitrogen in the soil while in process of
decay; while this action is temporary,
still it may be of sufficient length to retard
growth.

There are still other waste materials
having fertilizing value available about
most households. Coffee- and tea-grounds
and feathers are of value to those who
have just a few plants.

In the pine-land soils too high pH is not
likely to be a problem, unless lime has
l)een used to excess. Lime application
may be beneficial, but if manure and
ashes are used, lime will not be necessary.
In fact, it may do more harm than good in
these pine-land soils. I have seen roses
growing to tree proportion in these soils
which have never been limed though they
are manured from time to time.

In connection with the use of lime in
these pine-land soils, and as an indication
that a limited amount may be beneficial
while over-application may prove toxic,
three soil samples were supplied me by
the Hattiesburg Rose Society, all of
which had been limed in varying degrees.
One sample was marked "best," another
"lair," and another "poorest." These
marks indicate results being obtained in
three different gardens. We found the
value of "best" to be pH 6.0, of "fair"
pU 6.6, and of "poorest" pH 7.0. The
lady from whose garden the soil showed
pH 7.0 informed me that she had used
more lime than the other two gardeners;
otherwise, chemically, the three samples
^^ere much the same.

It is difficult to give general directions
which will cover all situations, especially
when we don't know the treatments
already given in each garden. But the
following suggestions will probably give
good results in all of the pine-land soils of
the South. If available, apply fresh cow-
manure two or three times during the
year. The fresh is better; application may
be made in April, June, and August. Mix
wood-ashes into the soil whenever avail-
able. Make an application of superphos-
phate at the rate of one liberal handful to
each rose bush. This may be done at
once. Next season apply the superphos-
phate at the end of March or early April.
Work well into the soil. If manure or
ashes are not available, the following
fertilizer formula is suggested: 5 parts
cottonseed meal, 3 parts superphosphate,
2 parts sulphate of potash.

Apply one tight handful of the mixture
to each rose bush, each month from April
through August; sections bordering the
Gulf may also fertilize in September, as
killing frost rarely occurs on the Gulf
Coast earlier than about November 15,
and frequently does not occur until some
time in December. If manure and ashes
are applied, do not use the fertilizer
formula, and vice versa.

This pine-land soil, as previously men-
tioned, is stricken with poverty. It con-
tains little of the essential plant-food ele-
ments. The fertilizers recommended sup-
ply most of these, but it is also suggested
that a solution of i level teaspoonful of
epsom salts (magnesium sulphate) and
I level teaspoonful of manganese sulphate
to I gallon of water, be applied to each
rose bush once each year. This may be
done at any time, but probably the best
time is early in the spring when growth
begins.

Summer mulching is of utmost impor-
tance in the South. In my opinion it is
producing better results than cultivation.
Everyone may not agree with this view,
but certainly many will agree that mulch-
ing effects a considerable saving of labor,
as well as minimizes the need of artificial
watering. — Harry L. Daunoy, New Or-
leans» La.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Saving the Old Tea Roses

In tlie 1937 Annual "a Georgia old-
timer," P. J. Hjort, has joined with Mrs.
Joel Hunter, of Atlanta, in discussing
from different standpoints the old, old
Tea roses which were the great ornaments
of southern gardens before there were any
Hybrid Tea roses. Readers of the Annual
will agree that for years the Editor has
been insisting on the development of
more Tea roses for the South as well as
on the preservation of those already there.
His memory of the efforts of the late Capt.
George C. Thomas, Jr., in California, to
get together immense plants of the old
Tea roses of the Spanish missions is both
keen and sorrowful, because by an un-
pleasant understanding the Thomas col-
lection was destroyed.

It is most encouraging to here reprint,
by permission from a letter written by
that sterling rosarian, J. D. Crump, of
Georgia, to our Thomasviile friend, Mr.
Hjort. Mr. Crump has charge of the
wonderful garden at Porterfield, to which
he refers in what here follows. No finer
thing could happen for the South than
that others would take to heart what is
here presented, as well as what has pre-
ceded and provoked this discussion in the
1937 Annual:

Now for some time I have been coming more
and more to believe that before it is too late we
should make definite phms to preserve the old
favorites, not alone for their sentimental value,

but also for their actual value and use in nir
section, and, further, to begin a serious efior! to
improve them.

In the past few years much has been writ! en
regarding their place and value in the SouthI md,
and I believe the seed is beginning to fall on
fertile soil — that the demand for them will sr.on
start, if it has not already done so.

We have a modest beginning at Porterfield,
possibly already we have assembled the larj^^cst
collection in the Southeast, but it is yet far iioni
being representative. We have collected a p;ood
many in the United States, secured from Engl.md
the past two years, and received our first ship-
ments this year from France.

In Rose Hill Cemetery, a very old cemetery
here in Macon, are specimens of Mme. Welch
and Mme. Damaizin, as well as a wealth of other
old varieties, waiting to be identified and pr()[)a-
gated before it is too late.

For more than two generations the families of
Macon were wont to secure their plants to adorn
the last resting-places of their loved ones from
that great rose-lover, the lamented Charles N.
Woodruff, who very generously recommended
and supplied the rose, his favorite, for this pur-
pose— to the end that a fine collection of old
roses was built up there.

It was my privilege for a number of years, ;ind
up to two years before his passing, when he
became too feeble, to visit Rose Hill Cemetery
with him each year the Sunday before MemcMial
Day at daybreak, when the dew was still on the
petals, to see these old roses and have him tell
me about them.

I am extending you an invitation to come up
on April 25, the Sunday before Memorial I^ay,
which is the 26th, and visit these old roses
with me. This will give me a great deal of
pleasure and I feel sure you will see a lot that
will interest you and bring back many fmd
recollections.

A Dayton Rose Clinic

The members of the Dayton Rose So-
ciety do not claim to be champion pro-
ducers of roses, but through association
feel that they have learned some of the
common causes of failure and a few funda-
mental facts, which if observed will im-
prove rose-gardens.

In order to impart the result of their
experiences to interested people in this
community, the Society arranged for a
Rose Clinic, which was held on April 9
at the Y. M. C. A. in Dayton. A number
of men and, about seventy-five women
were present. This meeting was not in-
tended primarily for the benefit of the

members of the Society, but for non-
members.

Exhibits of fertilizers, disease- and
insect-control preparations, garden acces-
sories, and, last but not least, rose bushes,
both good and poor, were set up by two
of the nurserymen members, John Siebcn-
thaler and Ralph Kimmel. As a part of
the meeting there were practical demon-
strations of both planting and pruning.

The Society not only wanted to shire
the benefits of the experiences of the
members with others, but also hoped to
stimulate interest in the June Rose Sh( w,
as well as one in September.

The theme of the discussion was "Con-
sistency." The speakers endeavored to
Impress on the audience that in order to
;;a\e success with their roses they must
;)c consistent in all things.

Dr. Dunham discussed the preparation
.r the soil, and the methods of control so
as to render it neutral or slightly acid.

Mr. Niswonger stressed the importance
of consistent feeding and cultivation on
a preconceived plan.

Dr. Yount demonstrated pruning,
pointing out the different methods for
the different classes of roses, but in the
main impressed on the audience that the
purpose of pruning was to develop a
s\ stematic, well-formed plant, capable of
producing a maximum amount of bloom.

T he control of disease and insect pests
was discussed by Mr. Hess Knight and
Mr. Siebenthaler brought out the fact
that in order to control disease, partic-
ularly black-spot, it was necessary to
have the foliage covered with either dust
or spray during the wet periods, and that
in order to do this the plants should be
treated once a week from April until
June, and thereafter when needed.

Mr. Matthews endeavored to develop
the thought that the selection of good
stock was more important than the selec-
tion of the particular varieties, and for
that reason that rose plants should be
purchased from firms of recognized stand-
ing and reliability in the horticulture
t rade.

1>. Niswonger explained the "Why" of
teechng, and what conditions must prevail
in order to permit the plants to obtain
and use the food and labor bestowed on
them by the gardener. Mr. Lewis Cook
closed the discussion with a talk on winter
protection.— W. Mills Matthews.

A Yardstick

1 lave you a yardstick in your garden?
A rose with which to take the measure of
each new plant? I have an invaluable one,
anc It IS Edith Nellie Perkins. Ten to-
^^ther they stand in their hundred-per-
centness: lovely blooms; long stemmed
anc in profusion; a crop in flower or in the
'^''•l^'ng, from April until mid-November;

beautiful foliage not liked by insects,
mildew or black-spot, and yielding easily
to treatment if ailment appears; strong
and rugged branches with plenty of new
canes; wood that matures properly; plants
that are resistant to heat or cold. What
greater yardstick?

Each garden should have its own yard-
stick. In a way this yardstick is an acci-
dent. One variety in the average plot is
apt to do better year after year than any
other. Radiance shouldn't count, as it is
more of a "rodstick." You get your mea-
sure when a variety, its understock, your
soil, situation, and culture all click in uni-
son. Even in another part of the garden
the same variety may behave differently.
Across from my favorite ten are five way-
ward sisters of Edith Nellie, a bargain lot
bought before I had learned that an inex-
pensive plant is usually the most costly of
all. The "other Edith Nellies," as they are
called, behave very strangely. Each plant
is a different size, and one likes to grow on
only one side. In color they do not vote
unanimously. One blooms with great
pallor and another is of mongolian hue
without a touch of rouge. The remaining
two are just plain sallow. So much for
bad bud-selection; apparently the}^ were
budded from sports that were not in the
least sporty.

Using my yardstick, how can I choose
twenty-five favorites from my garden?
Measured by Edith Nellie they are not of
sufficient stature to be included. Some of
my favorites don't do well with me, but in
case they reach perfection in a friend's
garden have I a right to include them in
my list? And no matter how beautiful a
single bloom is that I have grown, if it
proves to be from a virtually never-bloom-
ing plant should I list it as a favorite? At
a certain phase of their development the
three most beautiful blooms I know are
Comtesse Vandal, Mme. Joseph Perraud,
and Souvenir de Mme. C. Chambard. But
of those three varieties I have grown only
one (an autumn-borne Comtesse Vandal)
that was unforgettable, and so I cannot
rightly list it a favorite.

Instead I prefer to proclaim proudly
my three indispensables: Edith Nellie
Perkins, Gaiety, and Betty Uprichard. —
Jacob H. Lowrey, Augusta, Ga.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

We Won the State Prize

In 1935 the Utah Associated Garden
Clubs offered a substantial prize to mem-
ber clubs for the most meritorious civic
beautification project performed in the
year ending June, 1936. It was the Utah
Rose Society, a newly born infant, which
carried off the prize.

We had been trying, since our organiza-
tion in December, 1934, to see the begin-
ning of a municipal rose-garden in Salt
Lake City, but had met with nothing but
evasions and postponements from the city
commissioners. Therefore, determined to
make a pubhc planting of roses somewhere^
we turned our attention to the Sarah Daft
Home.

This is a large residence which is a home
for old ladies who are not indigent, but
pay for their living and care at the Home.
It has large grounds, but there were few
flowers, and we were sure the old people
would enjoy roses. We obtained permis-
sion from the Board of Directors to start
our project, and R. O. Kirkland, President,
with Secretary James H. Mahoney, went
to the Home and staked out four rec-
tangular beds, each one to hold six roses,
with grass paths four feet wide between.

The newspapers were very nice in giv-
ing our Society good publicity, and one of
them took a picture of the President and
Secretary planting the first bushes. Each
rose-bed contained only one variety, and
the ones we planted were Red Radiance,
Grenoble, Margaret McGredy, and Etoile
de Hollande. At the entrance to the cross
path, we planted climbing roses — a pair
of Paul's Scarlet and a pair of Climbing
Mme. Edouard Herriot.

It was this effort which gave us the
coveted state-wide prize. When we were
presented with the check we were in-
structed by the Associated Garden Clubs
that it should be used in further civic
endeavor, so we shall this spring put up
latticed archways to support the climbing
roses, and also enlarge the garden by
adding more beds of the same shape and
size as the first ones.

We haven't given up hope of getting a
municipal rose-garden, and now it seems
that what has been a beatific dream only,
for so long, will soon be a reality. But

until permission is granted to us by a b* dy
of people, we can do nothing. We are
awaiting their decision, and although we
feel certain it will be favorable, it woe Id
not be policy to state now that the rose-
garden will soon be started. Howe\er,
that gives us another chance to write to
the American Rose Magazine, and to let
the rose-lovers of America know that
Utah and Salt Lake City can and do
produce roses second to none — hundreds
of thousands of them! — Maud Chig-
wiDDEN, Vice-President Utah Rose Society.

A Good New Book

The Plant Doctor. The How and Why ;ind
When of Disease and Insect Control in ^ our
Garden. By Cynthia Westcott.

This is the title of a book which is
mighty well named. Dr. Westcott "knows
her stuff," and she has used that knowl-
edge in a simple, straightforward story
which goes further than the title would
indicate. You can find pictures of various
bugs that need to be doctored to death
in this compact and interesting volume,
but you can also see the progress of mil-
dew as it works its way through a loaf,
and you will note stated with appreciation
and credit the detailed treatment of black-
spot worked out through the American
Rose Society by Dr. Massey.

To be sure. Dr. Westcott does not tell
us how to get rid of the Japanese beetle,
because she cannot, as no one can. She
tells the common sense of the fight \n a
chapter which begins "Bugs Do Not Live
Forever," which is a frank and proi)er
assertion.

In addition to a seasonal survey of the
possibilities for being bothered in the
garden, there is an admirable "Alpha-
betical Miscellany" which permits you to
put your finger on the bother right quicidy

"The Plant Doctor" is commended
as a most desirable item in the garden
library because it is sound, helpful and
convenient, and also because its author
has a sense of humor. It is published by
the Frederick A. Stokes Company, of
New York, and may be obtained of any
bookseller or through the American Rose
Society.

A Prize Offer Repeated

As next springs that of 1938, is the latest that plants can he entered
in the Better Homes & Gardens Contest for a new rose to be named
by them, we are reprinting the notice which was published in the March-
April 1934 issue of the Magazine.

$500 and Trophy Oflfered for a
New Rose

The magazine Better Homes & Gardens
puAlvrs a trophy and $500 in cash for a bush,
• vcr blooming, red rose, hardy in Iowa without

protection.

Read Conditions Carefully

Hntries should be made with the Award
( ^(jmmittce of the American Rose Society.

The plants are to be set in the Greenwood
P;irk Rose Garden, Des Moines, Iowa, established
hy the Des Moines Garden Club.

Not less than ten plants should be sent, and
the rose shall have passed through at least two
winters and two summers in the test-garden.

Phmts must be delivered not later than
spring, 1938, and the final judgment will be
made in summer, 1940.

One plant should also be sent to each member
of the Award Committee for close study and
observation, also for adaptability to other
sections.

The judging scale will be as follows:

Hardiness in Iowa without protection ... 30

Vigor and habit of growth 10

Foliage and freedom from insects and disease. 10
Clearness and lastingness of red color .... 20

Good double form {Q

Remontant (everblooming) quality 10

Perfume JO

Award may be postponed or withheld if no
entry scores at least 90, or even 95.

The donor of the prize reserves the privilege
of naming the winning rose.

The Secretary will supply additional inform-
ation. All who intend to submit roses for trial
should write him first for complete instructions."

The Trustees Meet

A meeting of the Trustees of the
American Rose Society was held at the
ikUcvue Stratford Hotel, Philadelphia,
May 7, 1937, with President Barron,
Or. McFarland, Vice-President Kirk,
Dr. J. H. Nicolas, Robert Pyle, James C.
Clark, and the Secretary present.

Mr. Clark suggested that the Secretary
ask all commercial members to carry in
their catalogues a recommendation to
membership in the American Rose So-
ciety. It was thought that this would do
much toward increasing the membership.
. The question of fragrance, as called for
in I<ule 9 of the new judging rules for
amateur shows, having been protested by
(^. K Middleton and others, was discussed
at length, and it was voted to eliminate
tra^rance from the score, having the score
read: Form 25, Substance 20, Color 25,
^tem and Foliage 20, Size 10.

I Ji^ matter of the new test-gardens was
1 11 1 iy discussed. As the question was found
to l)c quite involved, so many of the
present gardens not being recognized by
tlie nurserymen and so many members

wanting to have their gardens added to
the list, the President was authorized to
appoint a committee to further study the
test-garden matter, reporting to the next
meeting.

Mr. Barron was named a committee of
one to investigate the possibility of the
American Rose Society sponsoring a rose-
garden at the coming New York World's
Fair.

It was voted to make all secretaries of
foreign rose societies, Honorary Annual
Members. In addition, the following were
made Honorary Annual Members — Mons.
Demorlaine, Dr. Bruno Braschi, J. de
Vink, Prof. Nicolas Kitchounov, and
Director Rubio.

It was decided that, commencing with
1938, the Society would authorize the
award of one silver and one bronze medal
at local societies' shows, the engraving to
be arranged by the Secretary's office but
the engravers' charges to be paid by the
club or society making the awards. Free
membership awards as per paragraph 2
of Section I of Rules Governing Awards

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

at Amateur Shows, as shown on page 15
of the 1936-1937 Members' Handbook,
were cancelled, effective January 1, 1938.

It was voted to offer an annual mem-
bership to anyone sending in ten new
members in any calendar year; this to
become effective at once.

It was voted that, effective January 1,
1938, the minimum fee for all clubs and
societies would be $10.

An additional $100 was appropriated
to the National Rosarium Fund for meet-
ing the expenses of Dr. J. A. Gamble as
the same may be incurred in the course
of his secretarial work toward the foun-

dation of a National Rosarium. The
Rosarium matter was discussed at length,
and it was decided that an endeavor
should be made to have tentative pLins
outlined covering a Rosarium of not kss
than fifty acres, and that a prospectus
should then be prepared and printed,
including the plans, for distribution. Dr.
Nicolas offered to contribute $100 to a
fund to pay for such plans, his offer being
conditional upon the required amount
being subscribed. Dr. McFarland was
appointed a committee of one to arrange
for plans and prospectus.

R. Marion Hatton, Secretary.

American Rose Society Statement of Assets and Liabilities

for the Year 1936

As condensed from report of Auditors
presented to and accepted by the Trustees

Assets

Cash, General and Contingent . . . $2,353.84
Savings Fund— Citizens Trust Com-

pany zz.^.h'i

Inventory (Cost) ^^'AJl'll

Investments 2(),/()«.84

Furniture and Fixtures 343.45

Total Assets $29,866.71

Liabilities

Deferred Credits $1,472.58

Reserves l,6f,6.23

Invested Surplus (Reserved), Decem-
ber 31, 1936 16,821.89

Surplus Unreserved, December 31,

1936 9,906.01

Total Liabilities $29,866.71

STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES FOR THE YEAR 1936

Income
General

Dues $9,663.05

Sales: Books 866.14

Lantern Slides and Lectures . . 120.00

Interest from Investments . . . 641.78

Miscellaneous Income 9.91

Rose Registrations 42.00

Advertising — American Rose

Annual 1,190.70

Expenditures

Editorial Department

Secretarial Department

Convention Expense

Promotional Literature and Misc. .

Prizes and Medals

Purchases — Miscellaneous Books .
Depreciation on Furniture and Fix-
tures

$8,6]0.58
2,82').()4
5'/).()9
316.51
286.92
491.07

42.29

Total General Income . . . . $12,533.58
Reserved

Interest and Profit from Invest-
ments $251.37

Dues, Commercial Rose Interests

Committee 260.00

Life Memberships 180.00

Miscellaneous Income 5.00

Total General Expenditures . . $13,2(»5.10
Expenditures from Special Funds:
Samuel Feast Medal

Award Expense . . . $1.(X)
David Fuerstenberg Fund

Award 100.00

Rose Disease Fund . . . 63.00

164.00

Total Reserved Income .... $696.37
Total Income $13,229.95

Total Expenditures

. . $13,369.10

Inventory Increase

Net Income January /, 1936, to De-
cember 31, 1936

?1 }9.15

549.42

$410.27

^r'

July- August, 1937

Editedhy
J. Horace McFarland ^^^^ _ ^ ^

and R. Marion Hattot>^^^/^^|„,

Vol II— No. 4

Words to Members

nr^HIS is a meaty number ! Members need to put
-*" on their rose thinking-caps and use the rich
material that follows. Here are some inquiries :

1. Will you go to Roanoke October 7-9 and talk it
all over?

2. What about the best of all rose seasons — what was best
for you ? Tell us !

3. Will you read and study and worry over the soil hints
on pages 57-60 and the disease story on page 54?

4. What about the "Proof of the Pudding " summary on
pages 66-68? Shall we do it again ? Will you cooperate ? Will
you buy by it ?

^^f^H^n^i^'Uk^ JV

Ushedtj The American Rose Society^ HanisburiPa

X5<^ a copy • $1.50 a year

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

THE AMERICAN
ROSE MAGAZINE

Edited by

J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

Published hi-montblv by

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Crescent and Mulberry Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

Subscription price: To members of the American Rose
Society 75 cts. a year, 15 cts. a copy, wbicb amount is
included in tbe annual dues oj $i.so.

To all others: SI. 50 a year, 25 cts. a copy.

Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Ha
burg, Pa., under the act of March 3, 1879.

larris-

Vol. H.No. 4

1937

July August

TO EVERY MEMBER

The 1937 Annual Meeting of the
American Rose Society will be held in
Roanoke, Virginia, Oct. 7, 8, and 9. On
page 53 will be found the Roanoke
Rose Society's invitation to you. They
are making unusual plans, and as Roa-
noke hospitality is something to remem-
ber, every member is urged to attend.

—THE SECRETARY

Memorial to E. Gurney Hill

A lasting tribute was paid to the mem-
ory of E. Gurney Hill, internationally
known rosarian, by the citizens of Rich-
mond, Ind., where he lived and worked,
by the dedication, on Sunday, June 20, of
the Hill Memorial Fountain and Reflect-
ing Pool in the Municipal Rose-Garden of
Glen Miller Park in that city.

This monument was sponsored by the
Richmond Garden Club, supported by
the Rotary, Kiwanis, and Lions Clubs
and the D. A. R. and other organizations
of Richmond.

Mr. Charles H. Totty, of Madison,
N. J., gave the principal address at the
dedication; Mrs. Harper Hale Muff", a
director of the Indiana Federation of
Garden Clubs, made the dedicatory
speech; and Mayor Joseph M. Walter-
mann made the address of acceptance on
behalf of the city of Richmond. — From
Florists Exchange, July 3, 1937.

The 1937 Prize -Winners
at Bagatelle

We are notified that the roses at Ba^M-
telle were judged on June 16, 1937, and
that the Gold Medal for a French variety
was awarded to Golden State, an ochre-
yellow Pernetiana originated by M. \Icil-
land, of Tassin (Rhone), France. The
Gold Medal for a foreign rose went to
Prins Bernhard, a dark red variety origi-
nated by G. A. van Rossem, of Naarden,
Holland.

The first certificate went to Golden
Queen, a yellow rose originated by M.
Chambard,of Venissieux (Rhone), France.

Two other certificates were awarded,
one to Nonin, an apricot-yellow Hybrid
Tea originated by M. Mallerin, of Varces
(Isere), France, and the other to F.
Ferrer, a scarlet-red climber originated by
M. Pahissa, of San Feliu de Llobregat,
Spain.

The certificate for climbing roses went
to Guinee, a dark garnet rose verging to
black, with bright scarlet reflections,
originated by M. Mallerin.

Vice-President Dr. T. Allen Kirk, of
Roanoke, Va., represented the American
Rose Society at the judging. He will tell
us all about it at Roanoke in October.

Real Rose Enthusiasm

In the March-April issue we stated that
the Houston (Texas) Rose Society had
been formed with 21 charter members and ^
that each of these promised to bring in
two new members at the next meeting.

Apparently they all kept their promises,
as we note, from an attractive bulletin
which the new Society published in June,
that they had 66 members befor<^ the
charter closed.

This is the right kind of enthusiasm,
and we feel sure that Houston citizens
will soon be rose-conscious.

We have been notified of the death, on
June 6, of W. P. Maloney, of Dallas,
Texas, at the age of 69.

Mr. Maloney was best known t» ros-
arians as founder and president o the
Dallas Rose Lovers League. He had ne of
the most extensive rose-gardens in! cxas.

Minutes of the Semi- Annual Meeting of the American Rose Society

Cleveland, Ohio, June 15 and 16, 1937

The 1937 semi-annual meetmj^ of the American
Rose Society was held at Cleveland, Ohio, on
hine 15 ancl 16, with headquarters at the Hotel
rk'vcland. There were about two hundred
members and quests registered from sixteen
states, the District of Columbia, and Canada.

The only business transacted was a meeting
(,f the Rosarium Committee called by Chairman
Dr. Gamble, at which were present: Dr. Gamble,
President Barron, Treasurer Pennock, Dr. J.
florace McFarland, and the Secretary. Both
Dr. Gamble and Dr. McFarland made reports

(jf progress. ,. j i

At 10 o'clock the ofTicers adjourned to the
show which was being held in two larpe rooms
of the I ligbee Department Store, adjoining the
hotel. This was one of the finest shows, both in
number of entries and quality of bloom, that have
t ver been held in connection with a meeting of

the S(i^iety. , • i

At 12.30 P.M., luncheon was served in the
Motel Cleveland and was attended by a large
proportion of the visitors.

After the luncheon the meeting assembled in
the Empire Room of the Hotel Cleveland where
M. 11. Horvath, Honorary President of the
Cleveland Rose Society, and J. F. Kafton,
President of the Cleveland Rose Society, wel-
comed the visitors. Interesting and informative
talks were given by George A. Sweetser of
Wellesley Hills, Mass., and Edwin H. Rappe of
Baltimore, Md. (Digests of their speeches are
printed elsewhere in this Magazine.)

After the meeting, the members were taken
on a tour, visiting the Cleveland Garden Center,
where the Cleveland Rose Society originated,
and where the shows were held for several years,
and to the estate of Mrs. F. F. Prentiss at Cleve-
land Heights, where Robert Brydon is superin-
tendent. This is one of the finest private estates
in and around Cleveland, and we understand
that the landscaping and original plantings were
the work of M. H. Horvath.

At the banquet in the evening, at the Hotel
Cleveland, President Kafton of the Cleveland
Rose Society was toastmaster. H. E. Varga, of
the Department of Public Parks, represented the
mayor and welcomed the members to Cleveland.
Arthur J. Webster, President of the Ontario Rose
Society, Toronto, Canada, told how the amateur
rose-growers of Canada are able to grow the
magnificent blooms they exhibit at their shows.

Leonard Barron, President of the American Rose
Society, spoke briefly on the "Rose of Tomorrow,"
and Dr. J. H. Nicolas on "Rose Periods, Past
and Future." (Digests of these speeches are
printed elsewhere in this Magazine.) Dr.
McFarland and M. H. Horvath were called on
for remarks, and the evening ended with Harry
O'Brien showing a number of slides made by
himself and son from snapshots taken of roses
and rosarians during their travels throughout
the country. Some of these, showing important
roses and well-known rosarians, were enthusias-
tically received, as were some of the more hurnor-
ous scenes. And as the "Dirt Gardener" is a
witty speaker, his presentation ended the evening
very agreeably.

Wednesday, June 16, the members visited the
nurseries at Mentor, Ohio, including those of
P. R. Bosley, Melvin E. Wyant, and Gerard K.
Klyn. At Bosley's nursery, great interest was
shown in Violet Pennant, or Tennant, a rose
seemingly unknown in this country, and, as far
as we know, procurable at no other nursery. It is
a lovely flower of the Ophelia type, delightfully
tinted with pink and gold.

At Wyant's, the variety causing the most com-
ment was Comet, a climbing form of Gruss an
Aachen. Two long rows of old plants of this
variety which have been allowed to grow without
stakes or support of any kind, were entirely
covered with attractive Gruss an Aachen flowers.

Mr. Klyn's fields were hardly in bloom yet,
but he did have a splendid display of M. H.
Horvath's Setigera hybrids in bush form. There
were several varieties of these with plants 2 to
4 feet tall, and more in diameter, which were
literally covered with flowers, mostly of Hybrid
Tea quality, and of various colors. We under-
stand that some of these, at least, are to be
introduced.

After visiting these nurseries, about two
hundred gathered at the home of M. H. Horvath,
at Mentor, where they were shown thousands of
seedlings of Mr. Horvath's Setigera hybrids.
These were of all types, from tiny Poly ant has
to strong climbers covering the entire range of
rose coloring.

After being shown over the entire estate, the
members were taken to a large tent erected on
the lawn where a delicious luncheon was served.
After lunch, the meeting broke up.

— R. Marion Hatton, Secretary^

The Cleveland Meeting

Just a few sidelights on the recent American
Rose Society convention and Cleveland Rose
Show.

Sixteen states, also the District of Columbia
and Ontario, Canada, sent their rose messengers
to the Convention. There were 184 persons
registered, and 173 attended the banquet in the
Red Room of the Hotel Cleveland. Farthest

south was represented by Georgia and farthest
west by Arizona. On behalf of our Rose Society,
I should like to take this opportunity to thank
all of those members that attended tne conven-
tion and helped to make it a successful one.

From comments overheard, the trip to the
nurseries, including the several hours spent at
M. H. Horvath's, was the feature of the two days.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Roses were seen at Mr. Horvath's in great
abundance — roses not yet in commerce, and
roses just tucked in everywhere.

This year we had a total of 638 entries in the
show, which is an increase of 62 per cent over
last year's show. The largest class was repre-
sented by the specimen pink Hybrid Teas, with
yellows next. A surprisingly large number of
entries were made by persons living out of the
state, and I might add that they took away a
good share of the prizes. The award for the
Queen of the Show was won by Mr. Clarence
Davis, of Buffalo, N. Y., on a Dame Edith Helen.
Just a friendly warning to Mr. Davis — we'll be
after your scalp next time.

The 36-foot stage, with its formal rose-garden
by Mclvin E. Wyant, the beautiful display of
potted roses by Gerard K. Klyn, and the unusual
setting of roses in frames by the Bosley Nursery
were well received by the public.

The artistic arrangements were placed in the
smaller but even more beautiful auditorium.
Here were to be seen the fine displays by Jackson
& Perkins Company, Henry A. Dreer, Inc., The
Conard-Pyle Company, Cleveland Cut Flower
Company, and the Flower Center. Mr. M. H.
Horvath showed several of his new Setigera
hybrids.

The Higbee Company gave us the utmost in
cooperation and assistance in staging the show.
They have asked us to come back next year; in
fact, would like to make this an annual affair.
After the close of the show, the roses were given
to members and employees of the Higbee Com-
pany.— J. F. Kafton, President Cleveland Rose
Society.

Oklahoma's Favorite Eighteen

The attached list of roses represents the va-
rieties receiving the highest number of votes
from the members of the Oklahoma Rose
Society as being best adapted for this region.
Following are the names and the number of
votes; a total of 52 replies were received.

Radiance 42

Red Radiance 34

Talisman 25

President Herbert Hoover ... 24
Kaiserin Auguste Viktoria . . .19

Etoile de Hollande 17

E.G. Hill 15

Edith Nellie Perkins 14

Betty Uprichard 13

Luxembourg 10

Margaret McGredy 10

Charles K. Douglas 9

Dame Edith Helen 9

Lady Hillingdon 9

Mrs. Charles Bell 8

Etoile de France 7

Jonkheer J. L. Mock 7

Mrs. Pierre S. du Pont 7

The voting was scattered over 130 different
varieties or names, which indicates quite a
difference in opinion soon after a half-dozen of
the old favorites are disposed of.
— C. T. Baker, President Oklahoma Rose Society.

A New Book by Dr. Nicolas

Dr. J. H. Nicolas, Director of Rese.irch
of the Jackson & Perkins Company, has
v^ritten another rose book, and this time
it is an entirely new kind of rose book.
It is entitled "A Rose Odyssey, Reminis-
cences of Many Trips to European Hose
Centers," and is published by Doublcday,
Doran.

This is not a book of instructions about
how to grow roses or what varieties to
plant, although there is a short chaj^ter
entitled "What Soil and Fertilizer lor
Roses," but is an entertaining volume lull
of information about European roses, rose
shows, rose-gardens, and the people who
originate the new roses.

As Dr. Nicolas is a native of France,
and as he has made many trips to the rose-
centers of western and central Europe and
the British Isles, he is eminently fitted to
write intimately of the people who ha\ e
done so much to improve the rose and
make rose-growing popular.

Members of the American Rose Sot iety
are already familiar with such names as
Mallerin, Dot, Lambert, Kordes, Krause,
Tantau, Poulsen, McGredy, and Dickscjn,
but the anecdotes and stories told of these
people by Dr. Nicolas brings them closer
to us, and the roses of their origination
will take on new interest in our gardens.

Dr. Nicolas is an advocate of alkaline
soil for roses, and in describing the soils in
the different gardens and nurseries visited,
he goes to considerable trouble to slam
anyone who differs with him; this i.s the
only sour note in a very interesting and
entertaining volume. Members of the
American Rose Society can secure "A
Rose Odyss^ey" from the Secretary s ollice
at the publishers* price of $2.50, postpaid.
— R. M. H.

Texas Centennial Wins Again

At the fourth annual rose show oi the
Princess Anne Garden Club, heM at
Virginia Beach, Va., on May 14-15, the
prize for the most beautiful rose in the
show went to a Texas Centennial.

Addition to the Loan Library

No. 46-29.— The Rose Annual for Mj
of the National Rose Society of England.

Welcome to Roanoke

THE members of the Roanoke Rose
Society look toward the fall meeting
of the American Rose Society, in
Koanoke, Va., as a notable honor and
distinction for their Society and their city.
W c most heartily invite all members and
iriends of the American Rose Society to
cnnie to Roanoke the end of the first
NMi'k in October. This is a personal invi-
tation, since our official invitation to the
Society was accepted long since.

We are happy to know that our rose
Iricnds who have visited us are eager to
eonie again. Now we want to enlarge this
eircle of those who, out of knowledge, love
our hospitality, our mountains and val-
le\s, and our roses. In the name of Vir-
ginia, we summon you to Roanoke for the
meeting on October 7, 8, and 9, 1937.

Ihe Rose Society meeting will occupy
Thursday and Friday, October 7 and 8,
and sessions appointed for these days are
designed to be as informal and friendly as
p()ssil)lc. Full opportunity for confer-
ences, discussions, and intimate talk
about roses and rose-gardens will be given.
Formal lectures will be few but excellent.
An exhibition of roses will be offered at a
convenient location. This will not be a
competitive show. It will be arranged to
allord a generous exhibit of autumn roses
from many gardens in the neighborhood of
Roanoke, and from as many other districts
ol Virginia and other states. as possible.

For Saturday, following the meeting, an
interesting tour of the mountain country
in our neighborhood has been planned.
Arrangements for this trip will be made
according to the number of visitors who

desire it. We are asking, therefore, that
if you want to join us for this tour, you
notify the Secretary of our Roanoke Rose
Society, Mr. C. M. Speese, Roanoke, Va.,
at as early a date as possible. We hope
that a large number will want to extend
their visit thus over the week-end.

We expect a most interesting group of
sessions in this American Rose Society
meeting. We shall all see and learn. But
we members of the Roanoke Rose So-
ciety want you, our guests, to enjoy your
visit with us. You come to the home city
of Dr. T. Allen Kirk, Vice-President of the
American Rose Society — he is the ac-
knowledged dean of Roanoke and Vir-
ginia rosarians. You come to a city and a
district of amateur rose-growers — we have
no great nurseries to show you. Our gar-
dens are, for the greater part, small, but
they are well loved and well tended, and
in them we try to produce good roses.
Within a small area around Roanoke we
have many varieties of soil and of climate,
in valley and mountain. Some of our
gardens are very new; others have century
records. By divers interesting routes and
means many of the old strains of roses
have come to us. We cherish these. A
group of members of our Roanoke Society
have been studying these old roses, and
they will take pleasure in showing you
some of the results of their studies. Come
and talk these things over with us.

Of all the good times of the year in
which to visit our part of Virginia, the
first week in October off'ers unique points
of goodness. — Charles A. Dawson, Past
President^ Roanoke Rose Society,

Who Has Them to SeU ?

Trustee J. D. Crump, who looks out
lor the famous Porterfield Rose-Garden
at Macon, Ga., says that they are con-
tinually asked for a source of supply of the
old Teas, Bourbons, and Noisettes in the
rorterdeld Garden.

To assist inquirers he would like to hear
trom nurserymen able to supply plants of
these types. Address, J. D. Crump, care
Mckcsson-Riley, Macon, Ga.

Mrs. Henry Bowles at
Fort Wayne

At the seventh annual rose show of the
Wayne Rose Society, Fort Wayne, Ind.,
held in June, honors for the "Best Rose in
the Show" went to a superb bloom of
Mrs. Henry Bowles with a fine specimen
of Crimson Glory a close second. Other
prize-winning varieties were Gloaming,
Comtesse Vandal, Mrs. Sam McGredy,
and Joanna Hill.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

The 1937 Disease-Control Campaign

HOT- WEATHER SUGGESTIONS

WITH summer holding the stage
and high temperatures in order,
care should be exercised in spray-
ing and dusting all plants if injury from
the chemicals is to be avoided. Reports
and specimens received almost daily indi-
cate that burning is already occurring,
and, with the higher temperatures of July
and August, more severe injury may be
expected.

Those who have access to the 1935
American Rose Annual may be interested
in reading the article "Injury from Spray
Materials" on pages 38-40. This article
states the situation very briefly, and the
gardener should be helped by having in
mind the causes of burning and sugges-
tions for preventing it.

Now what can be done to prevent
burning the foliage of our roses? The
surest way is to discontinue spraying and
dusting altogether during times of high
temperatures (over 90°). Next in order,
weaker concentrations of sprays and
lighter applications of dust will lessen the
chances of burning. Further, it may be
possible to use materials that are rendered
less caustic, for example, by using straight
dusting sulphur instead of the combina-
tion of sulphur and lead arsenate, by
using wettable sulphur instead of lime
sulphur, or by adding additional lime or
casein-containing preparations to mix-
tures containing arsenate of lead or
calcium. And, finally, it may be feasible
to reduce injury by spraying the plants at
times when the solution will dry rapidly
and by spraying and dusting at times
which will be followed by temporary
periods of lower temperatures.

The following suggestions and com-
ments may help the gardener decide what
is best to do during hot weather under his
particular conditions. In the first place,
he must take into consideration the
history of black-spot and mildew in his
garden and the degree of control effected
this season through applications to date.
If diseases are regularly severe and diffi-
cult to control, the situation will be differ-
ent than if they are usually of little

importance and efl'ectively checked by
systematic treatment; and if the phints
have been effectively protected to date
and kept free from disease, the hazard of
discontinuing treatments during brief
periods of high temperatures is lessened.

The next factor to be considered is the
probability of the foliage being wet for as
long as six hours continuously from rains,
dews, fogs, or water from the hose. Since
it is during the time the plants are wet
that infection takes place, protection
must be applied in advance of these
periods; and since infection will take place
only if the plants are wet for as long as six
hours, continuously, no protection is
needed during times when the leaves
are dry.

Here, then, is the key to the problem.
It is usually the case that when the
weather is hot (over 90°) it is also dry,
and so we can dispense with sprayin^^ and
dusting, or use lighter and less frequent
applications, with little danger from in-
fection. Burning may thus be avoided.
This interrupted schedule, to be used
advantageously, must receive thought
and careful planning and must be sale-
guarded from becoming even momentary
neglect. Those who regularly base their
operations on weather forecasts and con-
ditions will more or less automatically
adopt a schedule which will avoid ai)plica-
tions and injury during periods (^1 high
temperatures, while those who sjjiav or
dust on a weekly or other ar!;itrary
schedule may have to disrupt their routine
practices more positively. But, i r, any
event, one must be alert to the situation
and prepared to treat the plants in ad-
vance of the next rain, and on short
notice, since otherwise infection will occur.
The facility of the dust method makes it
possible to cover a larger number o! plants
in a relatively short period.

If the plants are watered from t!ie hose
and the foliage wet, this should \'c done
in the morning on rising temperatures so
that the water will evaporate within six
hours. And if the foliage is kept \vet bV
fogs or dews it is essential that the plants

be bprayed or dusted regularly to provide
•ulcciuate protection. Roses planted m
;,re IS where fogs are heavy and frequent,
a:, along the coast, are especially dithcult
to keep free from disease.

In many sections the season up to
Juiv 1 was unusually wet and favorable
lor black-spot. If the disease got started
then, the problem of its subsequent con-
trol w ill be increased. Unless the infection
is severe it may be feasible in the small
jrarden to pick off and burn the infected
leaves, and thus decrease the sources of
spores for further infection. This should
be done just as soon as the spots appear,
to be most effective, and should be thor-
ouj^h. As a cautionary word, the wet
weather was favorable for burning by the
copper-containing fungicides and the dis-
colored areas in the leaves thus produced
should not be confused with black-spot.
li in doubt, send specimens to the writer
for identification.

There are always advantages in getting
questions answered and difficulties
straightened out at the time they arise,
and the writer is available at all times to
render assistance to all growers of roses.
We now have 104 cooperators in the cam-
paij^n, and it is hoped that all will finish
out the season and supply final reports so
that considerable significance may be
attached to the data to be compiled for
the 1<>38 Annual.— L. M. Massey.

What Is an Exhibition Rose ?

1 exhibit roses because I want others to
see the kind of roses I grow, and I also
want to prove to some of my acquain-
tances that the growing of good roses is
not such a silly hobby, after all. I choose,
ot course, blooms which, in my opinion,
are the best in form, color, or fragrance,
but 1 have as yet to pay any attention to
the number of petals or the size of bloom.
I really do not care for poundage in my
roses. It has been my experience that a
well-shaped bud will cause more favorable
comnient than a large rose.

T his was proved at a recent rose show.
A bud of Dame Edith Helen was chosen
as the Queen of the Show. The bud was
lar^^e and symmetrically shaped, but the

flower was too heavy for the stem. The
stem was not only too weak at the neck,
but was also far too short for the size of
the flower.

Dame Edith Helen is classed as "The
Exhibition Rose" by some. Why? Mme.
Butterfly has, in my opinion, a much
more shapely bud. A rose show, after all,
is a "beauty show," and I hope we are not
going to judge roses by weight or size.
The only excuse for classifying roses as
either exhibition or decorative roses I
have ever heard, was that English rose
shows are conducted in that manner. But
we are staging our shows for the American
public, and we should, therefore, stage
them according to American taste. And
if my observation is correct, then roses on
"crutches'* or in "coops" are out of
the question.

The public seems to want stems pro-
portionate in length and clean foliage.
That is why, at a properly conducted rose
show, specimen roses should be exhibited
in glass vases where stem and foliage can
be observed. I have never heard of any-
one buying a rose by weight nor have I
ever seen anyone counting the petals
when buying a dozen cut roses for his
best girl. So why do these things at a rose
show? — V. T. Uber, Willoughbyy Ohio.

Old-Fashioned Roses in Texas

The purpose of this letter is to give
you the rose experience and informa-
tion I gained while in Houston, which
is not very much as our stay there was
short, but even in that short time I
believe my planting of Tea roses and
others such as Chinas, Noisettes, etc.,
proved for all time that they are the roses
for the Gulf Coast. While all my plants
were in only a short time, the growth and
quantity of blossoms were almost unbe-
lievable. At no time were they forced in
the slightest.

The Climbing Hybrid Teas made. re-
markable growth. Canes of Mrs. Aaron
Ward (planted January 14) were an inch
through, and fifteen and more feet tali,
not juSt one or two to the plant, but
eight, ten or so, with more coming on.
Countess of Stradbroke, Mrs. Paul J.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Howard, Reveil Dijonnais, Black Boy,
Billy Boiler, Indian Summer, Belle of
Portugal, Gold of Ophir, are only a few
of those which were doing equally as well
as Mrs. Aaron Ward. Billy Boiler just
would try to climb, but by pinching out
the tips was made to give out blooming
canes at every leaf where the main cane
was allowed to stay in a horizontal posi-
tion. Whether it was due to soil-treat-
ment and vigorous growth or carrying on
with Massey dust, I do not know, but at
no time did I have black-spot, except on
Bloomfield Dainty, which had to be
watched closely as the leaves near the
ground black-spotted in spite of anything
done for it.

Reports of Reveil Dijonnais said that it
black-spotted badly, but not so with me;
leaves on the ground were healthy, with
no signs of disease of any sort. Of the
Climbing Tea roses, William Allen Rich-
ardson and Perle des Jardins made the
rankest growth. Marechal Niel, from
cuttings which were planted October 24,
was blooming June 7 when we left for St.
Louis.

Of all the darlings, Comtesse du Cayla
seemed the daintiest and brightest. How
I hated to leave them!

I should have mentioned the Hybrid
Teas of which I had a few — six plants of
Hinrich Gaede, five of Catalonia, and as
many of Sterling and Syracuse all were
doing as well as the others.

Coupe d'Hebe was out in all its glory
the day we left Houston. While not a
strong grower so far, there was plenty of
new growth and blossoms of a good color
on rather weak stems. It will improve
with age, I'm sure. — Mrs. A. H. Richarz,
Webster Groves, Mo.

An Appreciation

In connection with my membership in
the American Rose Society for 1937, you
will be interested to know that the in-
formation that has come to me through
the medium of the Magazine is most
interesting and helpful, and the other
publications have also proved helpful, and
consequently have been worth a great
deal more than the cost of membership.
— E. D. Williams, Los Angeles, Calif,

"Seein's Believin'"

In early April I had the great pleasure
of visiting, for the second time, an experi-
mental rose-garden in New Orleans, which
Mr. Harry Daunoy had planted a lew
months previously. It seemed to me so
extraordinary an achievement, and of
such great importance to rose-lovers who
garden in environments where the rose is
difficult to grow, that I decided I must
write to the American Rose Magazine a
little account of what I saw.

Let me explain that roses have simply
refused to flourish in New Orleans since,
through modern drainage, the level of
water in the soil has been lowered.

Also, where Mr. Daunoy has his roses,
trained gardeners from England, Florida,
and Cornell have tried and failed to ^row
roses successfully. On my first visit, in
January, I was shown trial-beds in some
of which own-root roses, which, b\ the
way, are more satisfactory in the Fear
South because of the longer season of
growth, were planted from 2J^-inch pots
in August. In other beds, dormant hucldcd
roses were set out on January 13.

Now our old Mammy used to tell the
children, when they boasted of accom-
plishments, "Seein*s believin* " and when
I returned to visit that garden on April 9,
believe me, I saw — such growth, such loli-
age, and magnificent bloom! There was
one bed of Shot Silk. I wonder ha\ e you
tried to grow that lovely thing? Its name
describes it so perfectly — silky gold shot
with coral lights, and there it was so
vigorous in its airy beauty. And there
were Soeur Therese, McGredy's I\ory,
Souv. de Mme. C. Chambard, etc., in hne
new and older varieties. Had I been un-
informed I would have judged the plants
established, growing and thriving t'>i" at
least two years. And all this had l)cen
done by Harry Daunoy through jjioper
preparation and treatment of the soil.

So, rose-growers and lovers, \n< who
bear the heat and burden of the dav with
spraying, cultivating, watering, let us add
a study of our soil, correct wrong i -ndi-
tions, add necessary constituents, and our
Queen of Flowers will reward her aith-
ful subjects a hundredfold. — Eliz »eth
Labrot, Annapolis y Md.

Fertilizers and Soil -Requirements

Address by EDWIN H. RAPPE, at Cleveland, Ohio, June 15, 1937

M.my factors are responsible for success or
liiihirt in growing roses, all so closely associated
till! we cannot place credit or blame on any one
wiih'ait a consideration of the others. Since
soi!-rcciuirements and fertilizers cover only a
portion of these, we must assume that climatic
conditions, as well as those within the plant
its( It, are favorable. We must also assume that
till re is ample moisture and that the plants are
kipt reasonably free from disease and insects.^

As to the physical condition of the soil, I think
most <.i us will agree that roses can be grown in
almost any type of soil that has good drainage
aiul .1 satisfactory amount of plant-food elements,
altlioii^'h they do better, other factors being
(qii;il, in a fairly heavy soil. Roses are grown
in practically every type of soil from the light
sand (»f the seashore (with humus added) to the
heaviest of clays. Probably, this is one of the
reasons for the uniform popularity of the rose.
W it li a soil more nearly average, however, many
of our <iro\ving problems will be less.

During recent years, we have heard much
discussion of pH. It is well to keep in mind that
tin pll value of a soil does not represent the
total amount of excess acid or alkaline materials
present in that particular soil, but only the
excess acid or alkali present in a free state. It
does not tell us the amount present in various
combined forms, which are always much greater
than \M- find in the free state. We should con-
sider pi 1 rather as the degree of intensity, not as
the e \ee ss arnount of either acid or alkali. When
the two are in balance, then we have a pH of 7.
vvhieli we refer to as neutral. A variation of 1
point in either direction means a 10 per cent
mere as( in intensity. As an example, at pH 6.,
the intensity of free acid is ten times greater
than at 7. At pH 5. it is ten times greater than
at 0., or 100 times greater than at 7. At pH 4.
It IS t< n times greater than at 5. or 1000 times
greater than at 7.

r-roni this we see that a variation of 1 from 7
IS not a great change since it represents only a
10 per ce nt difference, but when it goes beyond
this, say denvn to 5, we have a 100 per cent
change, which would generally prove guite
detrime ntal, and of course, even more so i? the
change is greater.

It has been my experience that the pH for
roses in the Eastern States is satisfactory at any
point be tween 6. and 7.5 (possibly slightly higher
in some soils), provided the various necessary
Jjlements are present in suitable proportions.
1 here is some variation in availability of several
Clements between the upper and lower limits as
''li'ucl, but rarely of sufficient importance to be
noticeable on plant-growth, except where soils
't the lower figure have shown calcium or
niagnesm.n deficiencies.

When there is a decided rise or fall in pH,
P'»ny ci, anges take place in the soil— possibly,
•n some cases the changes in plant-food avail-
'^""ity cused by the conditions created, being

more important than the actual pH change
itself. These detrimental changes occur usually
when the pH falls below 5.5 or gets above 8.
At a pH of 5.5 there is little danger of manganese
or iron deficiency, but it is very probable we
would have a deficiency of calcium and mag-
nesium, a loss of phosphates through fixation
with aluminum and possibly iron, and a shortage
of available nitrogen due to conditions unfavor-
able for bacteria and other nitrifying organisms.
Below 4.5 to 5, the situation would he much
worse, and there might also be a toxic condition
from soluble manganese and soluble aluminum
in excess of the amount used for phosphate
fixation. Above 8. we would have deficiencies
of iron, manganese, and possibly, to a lesser
degree, if much above 8, of potash and available
nitrogen, as well as a loss in the availability of
phosphates.

By using a pH for roses between 6 and 7.5,
we have some leeway on either side without
expecting difficulty from this source. While this
pH is also suitable for the average plant, certain
ones have other pH preferences and should be
treated accordingly.

There is no steadfast rule that can be applied
to liniing soils. Clay soils and those high in
organic matter will usually require considerably
more lime to raise the pH than will a sandy soil.
This is largely due to the power of these soils to
take larger quantities in combination before
establishing an excess of free alkafi. While we
have long associated a medium pH with a satis-
factory calcium content, we cannot be too sure
of this since it depends largely on the type soil
and the plant grown. It is generally/ true in the
average rose soil, that if the pH is within the
range specified, there is sufficient calcium, but
on sanely soils, those low in organic matter, and
where plants requiring high calcium are grown,
it is well to use the calcium content as a gauge
along with the pH. As a matter of fact, many
prominent authorities consider them equally
important when it comes to a consideration of
liming.

As to the type of lime compounds generally
used, hydrated is by far the most common. It
works fast, is easily obtainable, and supplies a
high percentage of calcium in a readily available
form. However, it has the disadvantage of being
detrimental when used in excess, and should not
be used on soils recently fertilized or manured,
since it is fikely to cause the loss of nitrogen and
available phosphates. Ground or pulverized
limestone supplies calcium in a slower manner
than does hydrated lime, but can be used liberally
without fear of detrimental results. The solu-
bility of limestone is determined largely by the
fineness of the product and the moisture content
of the soil. To obtain the same calcium content,
it is necessary to use it in somewhat larger
quantities than hydrated lime, but even when
used excessively, limestone will rarely raise the
pH above 7.4.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Dolomite limestone is a combination of calcium
and magnesium, and is almost identical to
ground or pulverized limestone in its action. It
is somewhat more expensive in most sections
than regular limestone, but, due to the mag-
nesium content, is better adapted to those soils
showing magnesium deficiency. It is not neces-
sary to have any specified period of time between
fertilizing and hming when limestone or dolomite
limestone is used.

There are other sources of lime, such as burnt
lime, oyster-shell lime, and others, but they are
rarely used in horticultural work.

Elements in fertilizers are generally divided
into what we refer to as major elements and
minor elements. In the major group, we class
nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. In the minor
group, we have at the present time, calcium,
magnesium, manganese, iron, boron, copper,
zinc, sulphur, and possibly one or two others of
questionable value. In considering those in the
major group as most important, we do so largely
because they are the ones that state laws gener-
ally require shall be guaranteed.

Deficiencies of many elements in the minor
group are more detrimental than some of the
major ones, so that for practical purposes we
must consider that all are necessary for maximum
plant-growth and that the grouping of major and
minor elements is one of convenience and habit
rather than one of plant requirements. While
most states require only the guarantee of nitro-
gen, phosphorus, and potash, several are now
requiring specified guarantees on other elements,
even for farm crops, and it is only a question of
time until none will consider a product as "com-
plete" that carries only nitrogen, phosphorus
and potash. The guarantee of analysis is usually
expressed in this order: a 4-12-4 meaning 4 per
cent nitrogen, 12 per cent phosphoric acid, and
4 per cent water-soluble potash. In some states
the |)hosph()rus is expressed first and this mix-
ture would become a 12-4-4.

There are likely more soils deficient in phos-
phorus than in any other element. All soils
absorb, or make insoluble, certain amounts of
phosphorus and this must be satisfied before we
nave a supply of available phosphates for plant-
growth. This absorption power varies with
different soils, but since there is little danger of
getting too much phosphorus with average fer-
tilization, it is best to add an amount sufficient
to take care of any type soil. Phosphorus is very
beneficial in root-development and since it
moves through the soil much slower than other
elements, it is advisable to use it rather freely,
mixed with the soil before planting. If planting
is done in the fall when no added nitrogen is
needed, the best source is superphosphate. In
the spring, when more nitrogen would be helpful,
phosphorus can be secured from a complete mix-
ture showing a high content of that particular
element. The use of bonemeal as a source of
phosphorus is indefinite and expensive.

Nitrogen, properly used, is necessary and in-
valuable. Too often we are not satisfied with a
natural, sturdy growth, but want something
exceptional. It is then we call on nitrogen to do
the impossible. If I could pass in review before

you the gardens I have seen ruined with e\( iss
nitrogen, including rose-gardens, I am sure von
would use it with caution. Because nitn.^cn
forces a top-growth, we too often overdo it
through the use of blood, tankage, and other
nitrogenous materials. There may be a tiw
times, on old rose plants not growmg proj). riy,
that nitrogen as sucn, can be added to advant im.
However, this practice should be the exccpiion
rather than the rule. In general, if it is advisable
to increase the nitrogen, it is better to add a
complete product, thus maintaining the proper
balance. Young plants are particularly sus-
ceptible to excess nitrogen, and though roses
require more than do some of the other plants,
excesses arc quite frequent where nitrogenous
materials have been applied. With a complete
product containing about 4 per cent of jjotash
there is seldom danger of deficiency, though it
frequently occurs when incomplete materials arc
used. In the type soil generally used for roses,
there is enough potash to start growth if |)Iants
are set in the fall, and spring feedings should
take care of additional amounts required.

Of the so-called minor group, calcium is, of
course, the better known. Plants probably re-
quire more calcium than any other element, so
that we must consider a good calcium content
as an absolute necessity. Magnesium is generally
considered along with calciuni, though an i xcess
of one will not offset a deficiency of the other.
While roses do not require large amouiUs of
magnesium, I am of the opinion that we have
somewhat underestimated their requirements of
this particular element.

Manganese is present in practically all soils
in small amounts, and iron in much larger quan-
tities, but both largely, if not entirely, in an
insoluble state at the pH_ generally used for
growing roses. Therefore, it is necessary that
small amounts of soluble manganese and iron Ix'
added.

Among the elements necessary only in small
amounts are: boron, copper, zinc, and sulphur.
Because of the toxic nature of many ol these
elements, together with manganese and iron,
when used in excess, as well as in certain com-
pounds, it is not recommended that lluy b^'
added individually unless a chemical t» st has
shown that such an element is absent in the soil
and the amount to use calculated accural ely to
avoid possible excess. In combination wil h other
fertilizer materials, is the safest and the best way
to add elements of this group. . .

There is probably no plant concerninj.^ which
there has been as much variance in feeding rec-
ommendations as with roses. This can ix; •'^^'''"^
uted largely to the difference in the physnal and
chemical properties of the soil, reaction <>! differ-
ent varieties, climatic conditions, and ottier
causes. No doubt each person is sincere in nis
statement and has actually seen benefits frnm the
treatment he suggests. Unfortunately, tnc ele-
ments deficient in one case may not by j/^'?^^'
applicable to another, so that without an iudiviu-
ual soil analysis, any recommendation n<'t i"'
eluding all elements required for roses must Dc
indefinite — effective in varying degrees 1 1 some
cases, ineffective in many more.

'Jn farms, where crop rotation is practiced, we
twiM assume that elements of the minor group
;,., resent in sufficient auantitv and add only
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash. However, in
ro' I -gardens where no such procedure is followed
ami where we are drawing on the soil all the time,
shortages of elements in both the major and
niiiior groups are common unless they are added
at regular intervals. In very poor soils, the addi-
tion of any necessary element will generally
cauM some response in the plant. Because
ol this response, we often jump at conclusions
and decide that is just the thing roses need,
w lien in all probabihty it is only one of several
recjuired.

I he i)ractical use of lime and plant-food is not
a complicated one, and what has been said pre-
viously has largely been explanatory, rather than
information necessary for satisfactory use. So
far as lime is concerned if the pH is below 6, lime
should be applied, and even above this figure if
the calcium content is abnormally low.

As to fertilizers, roses must have phosphorus,
nitrogen, and potash as well as smaller amounts
of ot lur elements. The best and easiest way to
get these is through a complete mixture contain-
ing all of tliem in suitable proportions. Some may
not agree, but on hundreds of gardens, over a
period of 15 years, I have yet to find a better
average ratio of major elements than 1-3-1 (one
part of nitrogen to three parts of phosphorus and
one part of potash), together with smaller amounts
of necessary minor elements. Light applications
and more frequent are decidedly preferable to
a few heavy applications. Personally, I do not
favor liquid feeds. Even though plant-food must
be in solution before it can be absorbed by
the plant, a liquid feed is all in an immediately
availajjle form which creates an extremely high
concentration for a short time, and unless done
frequently, causes a comparatively low drop. If
done too frequently, there is a probability of
forced growth beyond that desirable. The dry
feed watered in, releases a portion that is avail-
able and still leaves a reserve for the plant to ab-
sorb later on as it is converted to available forms.
A light feed at the time or soon after the protec-
tive mulch is removed in the spring, followed by

continued light feedings at three- to four-week
intervals, until about August 1, should provide
ample nourishment. This will generally mean
about four or five feeds during the period speci-
fied. Using Vigoro (4-12-4) as the basis for meas-
urement, a heaping tablespoonful to the plant
should be enough for the first feed and this can be
omitted if manure was used in the protective
mulch. Later feeds may be somewhat heavier,
up to twice this amount. This applies only to well-
established medium-age plants as on older plants
it may be necessary to increase the amounts
mentioned. In either case, the plant-food should
be scattered evenly, slightly away from the plant
where the feeder roots are located, and worked
lightly into the soil, being careful not to disturb
roots near the surface. If a light summer mulch
is used, it can be applied on top of the mulch and
watered in thoroughly. For young plants, the
soil should be well supplied with calcium and
phosphorus before planting. Mix about 8 pounds
of ground limestone or dolomite limestone to 100
square feet of bed area. When hydrated lime is
used, add the amount necessary to create the
proper pH and calcium content. Thoroughly in-
corporate the lime with the soil and add super-
phosphate 5 pounds to each 100 square feet of
bed area. If hydrated lime is used, it will be nec-
essary to wait for possibly a week before adding
superphosphate to prevent some available phos-
phate being converted to an insoluble form.
Planting can be done as soon as convenient after
the phosphate has been added. It is generally ad-
visable to feed plants lightly for the first year
until they are well established and have formed
a good root system. Light feedings, however,
will keep them growing healthy and build a
stronger plant. Applications should be about one-
half those mentioned for established plants.

Proper feeding of roses is not complicated, can
be controlled with ease, and fully justifies the
consideration we give it. A well-fed rose plant is
much more resistant to disease, larger and
sturdier, requires less watering during dry weath-
er because of a better root system, produces more
and brighter colored blooms, and, best of all,
gives us the satisfaction that we are getting maxi-
mum results from our effort.

Making a Rose-Garden

Address by GEORGE A. SWEETSER, at Cleveland, Ohio, June 15, 1937

Many years ago Xenophon, the Athenian, said:
Agriculture is an art which will enrich those
who diligently practice it— provided they under-
stand It : but if they do not understand it, it mat-
ters not how hard they may labor at it, it leaves
them in poverty." If we substitute the words
noriculiure or horticulture or rose-gardening for
tne word agriculture, the meaning will be the
same. It ,s only as we understand our problems
tnat we can solve them.

1 may, tlicrefore, in what I have to say, be per-
mitted to refer to things which seem elemental
ana yet are so fundamental and vital that they
justify restatement.

Roses grow in the air and in the soil. We have
no control over the air, and it is, therefore, to the
soil that we must look if we would grow fine roses.

We may regard a rose-bed as containing three
important areas: The first is the soil to a depth of
15 to 18 inches in which the roses are planted.
This should be good garden loam with about 10
to 15 per cent by volume of humus mixed with it.
If the soil is somewhat clayey, so much the better,
for a clayey loam is ideal for roses. Underneath
this first area should be one of humus anywhere
from 3 inches to a foot in depth, depending on
how thoroughly one cares to prepare the soil.
This will not only absorb water and give it up in

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

dry seasons but will serve other purposes to which
I will refer hiter. Underneath the humus there
should be a drainage area of gravel, sand, cinders,
stone, or other material which will permit surplus
water to pass off rather than stand in the soil.
You may question the necessity of providing
humus to absorb water and drainage to get
rid of it but the reason is this: After the
humus or soil particles have absorbed the amount
of water they will hold, the surplus water must
pass off and not stand in soil, for where water
stands in the soil it clogs it, thus preventing the
air from passing through, and, in addition, it in-
jures plants to have the roots stand in water or fc)e
excessively wet too long. Only the water-holding
capacity of the soil and its humus content is
needed for the proper growth of phmts. More-
over, the removal of surplus water increases
bacterial action and results in a deeper root-pene-
tration. One thing more — it takes a great deal of
heat to warm water — much more than to warm
the same volume of soil. A wet soil is apt to be
cold, particularly in the spring, and heat is needed
for germination of seeds and growth of phints.

Humus is one of the things which are lacking
in many soils. Humus is decayed or decaying
animal or vegetable matter, and is commonly
referred to as organic matter. It has one of the
most important functions of anything in the soil.
In fact, soil without humus is dead. (1) It fur-
nishes one of the main substances which absorb
and hold moisture. (2) It provides some plant-
food, for most of the nitrogen in the soil is found
in the organic matter. If the soil lacks humus
it probably lacks nitrogen. (3) Humus makes
the soil more porous and friable so that air can
circulate through it more easily. It thus im-
proves the physical condition of the soil. (4) But
by far the most important function which it
performs is to supply the myriads of bacteria
and micro-organisms which carry on or aid in
carrying on the chemical reactions of the soil
by which plant-food is made available to plants.
Every element must be changed to a salt form
before it can be dissolved in the soil- water and
so taken up by plants through the hair-roots;
for all the food in the soil only reaches the plant
by reason of its being dissolved in the soil-water.
Hence the vital importance of humus.

A word may be said about pH and fertili/cr
requirements of the soil. No rule can be ^ivcn
which will apply to all roses everywhere. In t he-
eastern United States the pH of the soil h.i- not
been a matter of importance in general. !<<»s(s
grow there in soil that is slightly acid or slightly
alkaline. I know of good roses growing in soil
which has a pH of 8. Plant-food must, of course,
be in the soil in sufficient quantity to giv( the
roses a normal supply of the necessary elenu nts.
Whether it is there can be found out onlv by
intelligent testing. In connection with pi I ;ind
with fertilizers some things should be borru in
mind: All roses do not want the same food, some
are differently affected by environment, and
roses differ often in vigor, and the feeding and
pH must be always adapted to the needs ot the
particular locality and tne particular roses.

Then, too, in tne case of roses there is a difler-
ence in floriferousness and we would hardly lecd
a rose which bloomed rather sparingly the same
as one which bloomed very freely. Sonu times
the best results can be obtained only by e\|Kri-
ence and experiment. Moreover, the soils «>l the
country vary greatly in structure and orij^in and
in natural content, and we must considd th;it
fact in our work. In the eastern United States
the soils are generally acid while the soils all
along the Gulf Coast are definitely alkalirK. if
by the use of reasonable supplies of hunms and
such fertilizers as a test of the soil directs, we
are not getting results, it probably means that
some of the things I have referred to must Iv con-
sidered and dealt with, if success is to be achic ved.

In planting roses, some people place the ni s( . t hat
the graft is a little below the surface; (•tlurs
leave the graft above the surface. The lormcr is
more often practiced but I have used the latter
method myself with success. Spread out the
roots well at planting, water well, and I)c sure
the roots have good contact with the soil.

If you build your bed in accordance wi'li the
above method you are certain to raise gooti ruses,
though you may vary the method and still raise
good roses if you observe the essentials ot rose-
culture. What one does will always dc|)cnd on
conditions, the area available, the tinu and
expense that can be provided, and otlicr i ictors
often personal to the owner.

Roses in Canada

Address by ARTHUR L. WEBSTER, Pres. Ontario Rose Society, at Cleveland, June 15, 1937

grade vary from 50 cents to $1 for s^mdard

varieties, with correspondingly higher i)!;ccs lor

The second important s<"ircc ot

The sources of supply of roses in Canada are
almost limitless, as we may import from any
country, and, provided the stock is healthy
enough to pass the inspection which it has to
undergo upon arrival, it will be admitted. Most
of the stock planted, however, emanates from
a few sources, namely, Canada, the British Isles,
Continental Europe, and the United States.
There are important rose-growing establishments
in Ontario and in British Columbia, and, as far
as I am aware, with one exception all use for
understock purposes, Japonica multifliora. One
firm in Ontario advertises stock budded on
Canina. Prices of Canadian-grown stock of first

new sorts.

supply is the British Isles, and many '"i-'J*:'^'.
growers pin their faith to British stock ' udded
on Canina seedlings. With one notable cxc - ption,
all the most reputable and long-est blisliKi
British houses use Canina seedlings i r busn
and climbing roses, but several of tl'« n duc

head

standards or tree roses on Rosa rufio-'
latter stock produces a good stand.ti'
quickly but is notorious for the pi- luction
of sucker growths and requires frccji . nt a -
tention on this account. Another type "i stocK,

;ik.. from England, really originates in Holland,
but is taken to England in maiden form, grown
til. ;c one year, and subseauently sold in Canada
as 1)1 itish stock. This is tne class of stock found
Irt liucntly in chain arid department stores quoted
at 1 low figure, and it is also this class of stock
wliicli is responsible for the majority of the com-
pliir.ts about failures, mis-naming, etc. The
IoumH source of supply is by direct importation
iro>n Continental Europe, chiefly from Holland,
Germany, and France, while the fifth source is
by importation from the United States. The
Aiiu rican nurserymen's prices, however, plus
customs duty of 3 cents per plant, and trans-
poiiation and packing charges, conibine to place
Amk lican-grown stock under a serious handicap
in the competition with Canadian or British-
grown, first-qualitv roses. In this connection I
might say that tnere is a British preferential
tarill rate of 1^ cents per plant, and that British
stock of first quality can be laid down in Toronto,
with all charges paid, for 30 to 35 cents, depend-
ing upon the number of plants ordered as the
per unit cost of transportation and packing is in
inverse ratio to the size of the shipment. It is
necessary, in case of importations, to obtain a
permit from the Federal Department of Agri-
culture at Ottawa, which, of course, is supplied
witixmt charge. Upon arrival all stock is in-
spected by representatives of the Department.

Some fourteen years of experimentation in a
limitetl way, and rather close observation, have
convinced me that, while Roses budded on
Multillora commence growth and establish them-
selves more quickly than do those budded on
Canina seedlings, the latter improve from year
to year and their lifetime far exceeds that of the
Multillora-budded stock. I have never been able
to keep Hybrid Teas (in which class I include
Pernetianas) budded on Multiflora longer than
two years, whereas I have Canina-budded stock
in my garden which was planted in 1923 and

which is as productive and vigorous as when in
its second year. Moreover, my experience indi-
cates a sup)eriority in the quality, form, and
substance of blooms produced on established
Canina-budded stock, and this I attribute to the
fact that the more moderate vigor of Canina
admits of more orderly and natural development
of both plant and bfoom. The above remarks
do not apply to the relatively few Climbers with
which I have experimented nor to Polyanthas.
Many of the former and all of the latter are, of
course, related to Rosa multiflora, and their
union with it appears to produce no evil results.
I agree with the contention that occasional
suckers appear on Canina-budded stock although
the frequency of that occurrence is negligible
when compared with Rugosa. Multiflora-budded
stock is heavier and coarser in both wood and
roots at the outset, and this fact undoubtedly
tends to make a favorable impression on in-
experienced and uninformed purchasers. From
the standpoint of the nurseryman, however,.
Japonica multiflora as an understock obviously
has much to recommend it.

There appears to be a revival of interest re-
cently among rose-lovers in the species and
natural hybrids, and in this connection I might
say that tnere is now in the course of assembly at
the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, a col-
lection of these types. This collection, when
complete, will be an added feature of interest to
visitors to the Rose Society of Ontario's Test-
Garden, at Guelph. In the latter we have been
testing out new varieties since 1930 and the Test-
Garden now contains about 2,000 plants.

Before concluding I should like to pay tribute
to the painstaking and excellent work of a gentle-
man who is present this evening, and whose pro-
duction, Doubloons, will, I predict, remain in
our gardens for many years as a monument to
the patience, foresight and application of its
originator, Mr. M. H. Horvath.

Ideals

Address by LEONARD BARRON, Pres. American Rose Society, at Cleveland, June 15, 1937

I \v(.ndcr if we have approached any nearer
to the ideal that rosarians set themselves a
nundred years ago than they were at that time.
N\nat did they want? A rose that was hardy,
tnat made a good plant so that it looked hand-
some in the garden, and a desire for finer color
jna larger bloom and constant performance. In
nis catalogue of a hundred years ago, William
thVn 'i' Hushing, pioneer rose-grower, noted
in n what he thought the most astonishing cir-
ums ancr and the total change of public taste
nathaci arisen since the production of hundreds
01 ma^n, hccnt varieties of Chinese Everblooming,
classec'' ii"^' Noisette, Bourbons, and oth?r
flot^r tn fr^^!tT? ^t^ ^"^"^y ^f perpetual
m rT.i i t ^"^^^^ ^^^\ "^^^ ^^s"It oY this
a most ' t f"i^\'" J?"^^^^ ^P^"i«^ ^^s been
June-llo "• p '-abandonment of summer- or
an3 g!;:;!," ',"^,,^l^^f^' "«"^"y denominated hardy

talkinJ in 'If ^"""^'l^ y_^^'^ ^g<>- Today we are
•^•n^ m very much the same terms, only we

have got the color, a very recent addition, as a
matter of fact, due to the work of Pernet-Ducher,.
who infused the yellow into the roses of today
and at the same time succeeded in undermining
some of the vegetative vigor. We are still looking
for the hardy plant which our good friend. Dr.
Nicolas, calls "arcticness," and a plant with
disease- free foliage. However, much progress has
really been made in combining the large flower,
superb color, fragrance, hardiness, and individual
plant-beauty.

Yes, we have gone a considerable way, and in
endeavoring to look forward into the rose of
tomorrow we can learn much by looking back-
ward into the rose of yesterday. The old-time,
fragrant, hardy roses of the Centifolia and
Damask groups that adorned the gardens of our
ancestors, and which still linger in many a
country back yard, certainly possess hardiness,
and there is a sentimental interest in the flowers
themselves, the interest that always adheres to
the antique.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

We realize there are two distinct lines of prog-
ress in rose-development: One is drawn Irom
the English rosarians, leading to the superb
exhibition bloom of magnificent modehng and
almost statuesque beauty; and the other leading
to a free production of bloom, somewhat regard-
less of the bloom of the individual flower, to
bedeck the garden over a long period.

The Reverend J. H. Pemberton crystallized
one point of view very clearly when he said he
regarded the rose plant merely as a machine for
the production of the superb bloom. That was
the standard, the ideal, not so very long ago,
and to a large extent still dominates the Old-
World field. Here, in the much more practical
America with its diversified climatic and soil
conditions, there is a growing demand for a rose
that will be landscape material. Dr. Van Fleet's
ideal was dooryard roses, and he went a long way
toward laying the foundation of the progress
that he visioned.

Apart from all these considerations is the
florists' rose where the cut-flower alone is the
objective. But I am concerned now about the
rose for the garden and the possibility of its use,
not in the Pemberton manner but as good shrub-
bery material. That is the way along which we
are traveling toward the rose of tomorrow.

American rose fancy was started along tliis
line through the work of two or three pioneer
hybridists— Horvath, Walsh and Barbier — who
took the Multiflora and Wichuraiana roses about
thirty years ago, crossed them with Hybrid Teas
and Hybrid Perpetuals, and awakened a new
feeling of popular rose-consciousness in the de-
velopment of the cluster-flowered Climbers. It
was a short step into the large-flowered Climber,
and these two strains together awakened the
appeal t>f the rose as landscape material in out-

door planting on a large scale. We saw hedges
and pillars, and borders and banks of roses.

Less than a hundred years ago the first 1 lybrid
Perpetual appeared, which was the foundation
of modern rose-activity. And now we have j^one
through the phase of putting the perpetual or
recurrent bloom into the Hybrid Perpetual
through the making of the Hybrid Tea, with a
great loss of color and fragrance and brilliancy.
That was reintroduced through the Permtiana

strain. . ,

The idealism of the large exposition bloom,
laudable and notable in itself as a florist I incy,
is giving way to the popular clamor for }i;arden
color — roses that can be introduced into i)ictoriaI
planting in company with other flowering shrub-
bery— large-flowered roses that are roses.

1 do not believe in the complete isolation of
the rose and its exclusiveness in the garden area.
If the rose is to maintain the lead and dominance
that it has today as an individual flower, it must
be given us as a practical plant to fit into the
general garden picture.

We have already started well along this line.
The large-flowered Polyanthas, the Poulsen
sisters and their allies, even the dwarf, cluster-
fl(jwered Polyanthas — all these, together with
the large-flowered Climbers, seem to me to point
the way out for the future of rose popularity.

This is not to say that the two ideals cannot
be run together simultaneously. I hope we shall
always have the expert rose fancier to furnish
form and superb color of the individual bloom,
for, after all, he is the man who leads the ])r()Kress
of appreciation; and the ideal that wc have
before us is to put that beautiful individua
bloom in profusion on practical plants wit h ^ood
healthy foliage that will endure reasonably, re-
gardless of our climatic variations.

Rose Periods, Past and Future

Address by Dr. J. H. NICOLAS, at Cleveland, June 15, 1937

In order to have a better jjrospcct of the rose
of the future, we must first review the pageant
of the rose of the past. Horticulturists, many
of whom propagated roses, like other flowers,
from seed, occasionally found seedlings different
from the parents. Guillemeau, in his "Natural
History of the Rose" (Paris, 1800) says, "There
are as many as one hundred varieties of roses,
one-third of which have single flowers."

The first rose-garden or rose-collection on
record came to be in or about 1810 when Empress
Josephine of France conceived the idea of assem-
bling in the gardens of her chateau of Malmaison,
near Paris, all the roses known in her day. The
collection comprised about 250 species and va-
rieties. At that time started the "Renaissance
of the Rose."

The first rose period was the Provins, of which
Josephine had 107 varieties.

Tne origin of the Provins rose is questionable.
It is called the French rose {Rosa gallica). That
there was a native French rose is possible, but
the Provins shows undeniable relationship to the
Damask and the hiter types to Centifolia. Roses

were grown for centuries in Provins, a cilv about
35 miles southeast of Paris, and the city in came
famous for its rose-products industry. 1 Ih bl<»oni
is of medium size, very full, of various int( nsities
of pink with a heavy undertone of blue or
magenta. In that period, blue was not objection-
able, and the more blue, the more p(i>iilar a
variety was. The bluest of all roses up to the
present time is Cardinal de Richelieu, sc; oio
that its origin is lost.

The Portland rose is supposed to Iki;; or'.^'"
nated in England and to be a hybrid ol » rovins
and the then recently imported Rosa (hnensis,
it is the transition of period between the I rovins
and the Hybrid Perpetual, and the first - rain to
be remontant. Few authors recognize "^^ *%
land strain; Rose du Roi, introduced in l-'^^f"^
classed by Gravereaux as a Portland, .s oia»
referred to as the first Hybrid Perpetual

R, union, and seeds (.f it were sent to France m
ISI'A The new strain came rapidly into vogue;
tlit blooms were of better form than any rose
then known, and some were quite remontant.
Oii'v two varieti<'s may be found today, Hermosa
(ISU) and Souvenir de la Malmaison (1843),
all h. ugh the catalogue of Roseraie de THay in
10(1'. listed 193 varieties.

jJH Moss rose cannot be called a period. It
w 1^ I (ported as far back as 1596, was described
by Miller in 17f)0 and Linnaeus in 1762, but its
IM'i'iilarity did not come until well up in the nine-
ty nth century.

But the most glamorous period is the Hybrid
Pii|Htual. When this new race of roses, which
Parkinan called "brilliant parvenus," appeared,
it scon developed into a mighty torrent that
sue j)i away everything on its way to supremacy
(.1 tosidom, and this impression can be gathered
from the fact that, in 1902, Gravereaux had
collected 1690 varieties in his Roseraie de I'Hay.
The official recognition of the class dates from
1S42, but it is very difficult to assign an actual
clnti, as, after all, the Hybrid Perpetual is a de-
vcloi)nu'nt of the Provins, Centifolia, Damask,
and (Jiinensis strains.

It is really the Hybrid Perpetual which brought
tlu- rose into general favor.

It is noteworthy that up to that period, roses
were reasonably arctic and adapted to a large
climatic range. We are coming now to the tender
IHTi<td, the Tea rose which might be called the
rose de luxe or the rose aristocrat because of its
exacting requirements of climate and culture.
New colors were made possible — the yellow and
its derivatives were received with great enthu-
siasm, as witness the collection of 1,050 varieties
in 1902 at the Roseraie de I'Hay. However, the
enthusiasm soon waned because of the limited
territory of successful culture. Hybridists tried
to fill the gap, combining the beauty and range of
colors of the Tea with the vigor and arcticness of
the 1 lybrid Perpetual, and thus the Hybrid Tea
period came about, officially ushered in with La
France in 1867.

1 he I lybrid Tea did not have an easy road to
glory, and its supremacy was not fully established
until the gay nineties. From then on the Hybrid

Tea swept everything and became the backbone
of rose-culture. However, its authority did not
remain unchallenged, and the twentieth century
saw the advent of the Pernetiana which made
possible the multiplicity of shades we have today.
But history repeated itself, the conqueror was
soon absorbed by the conquered, and we are liv-
ing today in the period of a mixed breed which,
although still catalogued as Hybrid Tea is mate-
rially aifferent from the original Hybrid Tea.

What will be the next period? There are signs
on the wall which hybridists can read and dis-
tributors are sensing. We are on the threshold of
the hardy bedding rose period. We have been too
partial to cut-flower and exhibition types. These
types, as a rule, do not make good garaen roses in
tne sense of continuity of bloom and garden
decoration.

We must consider the rose as a garden flower,
bring it closer to the perennial status which is
permanency. There are in preparation a great
many hybrids of the decorative type, of fair
quality blooms, of great activity, with enough
constitution to assure a reasonable life perma-
nence. Some are already in commerce; others
will come this fall or in the near future.

Rose-growers who insist on or prefer the ex-
hibition type need not be afraid, as quite a few of
these decorative hardy roses can be grown to ex-
hibition size.

Some are already in commerce and out of the
15 new varieties announced for this fall, 5 are of
this group. These decorative roses are related to
the Polyantha, others originate from various arctic
strains such as Centifolia, Damask, Rugosa, Nut-
kana, Setigera, Wichuraiana, Baltica, etc. This
interesting group is now known as the flori-
BUNDA class, wnich term is descriptive of the
decorative value and usage of that new race.

Novelties of the year in the Floribunda class
are Smiles, salmon-pink; Snowbank, white with
coppery buds; White Aachen, white with yellow
buds; Baby Chateau, crimson; Pink Charm,
shell-pink.

When the gardeners become aware of the new
hardy, decorative Floribunda type and the com-
ing period is in full sway, then and only then, will
America **bloom like the Rose."

Raising Rose Seedlings in Germany

Another intermediate or transitory p<-riod xva
the Bourbon. The botanical origin of tin- race
obscure. It is said that the original P' ."^ ;';'
found in a hedge of Provins and Chinen >s nst
in some garden of the Isle of Bourbon, nov, cant

May I congratulate the American Rose
bocicty on the last Annual, or will you
believe me, without such words, that Vm
much impressed with it? Indeed, you
nave made it lively, and more so, as you
nave collected interesting contributions
about so many different sides of the rose-
growmjj; business. I read with greatest in-
terest about the trials to get the hybridized
rose seeds to grow, and perhaps you can
use tlie following for the Magazine. The
pnoto enclosed shows how my results are.

I have been raising rose seedlings for
some thirty years, and have tried all sorts
of soils and coverings, also temperatures
and sowing-times. What has come out of
the long experiences is the following
modus, that gives me best results;

Gather the hips in November, about
the middle of the month. They are fully
ripened five months after pollenization.
This applies to Hybrid Teas; Polyanthas
will ripen in a slightly shorter time; Ru-
gosas in four months; while most of the

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

^^^M

m^^i^^p^^^^

1
,2

^ ''j^^^ii^-r' -^'^i^J^

™5( Vi^

fiS^;i'i^^^f&'^^

^ j^>

A bench of Kordes seedlings from seed planted Dec. 12, 1936

Photo taken April lo, 1Q37

Other wild roses take between four and
five months to develop proper seeds.
Store the hips in a cool, moist room, so
they will not shrivel (but not rot). I put
my hips on a heap of coke in a cellar; there
they will stay for some four to five weeks.
About the middle of December I prepare
the seed-bed — 3 inches of good rose soil
(not by any means poor stuff), covered
with 1 inch of sharp sand. To remove all
danger of disease the soil must be disin-
fected by formalin or something similar
some time before sowing.

The seed is sown 2 inches apart in rows
3 inches apart. There they stay, and in
midsummer I take the budding eyes from
the seedlings, throwing the originals
away, except those crossed with wild
roses, which here will live on their own
root outside. Hybrid Teas and Poly-
anthas winter-kill on their own roots here,
so there is no use saving them. After the
seed is sown, I keep the house at 5 to 6
centigrades above freezing-point, and in
about four weeks the first seedlings will
appear. A drop in air-temperature will
not harm much if the soil-temperature
keeps fairly constant; a rise in tempera-
ture will slow down germination. I tried
raising them in a warm house but the
result was disastrous. I find the frost will
hurt the seed of Hybrid Teas, Polyanthas,

and the like, and especially so when the
hips on the plant get frozen.

Sowing the seed directly from the plant
also results in bad germination. The seed
must ripen after it has been picked as the
germ is not mature when the seed is
taken from the plant, and matures best in
cool storage, at about the same tenij)era-
ture as given above for germination. I
need not explain the results, as you see
them in the illustration.

After germination do not raise the
temperature much, unless you have i)lenty
of sunshine, a thing missing here in Janu-
ary and February. Do not let it <j;') up
while most of the seeds are still in the
ground. After they have their first leaves,
temperatures as high as 20° centi^^rade
will not hurt them, but will stop germi-
nation.

In this way the seedlings from seed
sown in mid-December start blooming m
mid-April and bring fine normal llowers.
Room for the few good seedlings is made
by pulling out everything without promise.
Hybrid Teas with less than 10 petcMS, all
dirty and murky colors, seedlings without
good foliage and the like are pulled out, so
that at the end of May about hall of the
seedlings have gone the way they cannot
return. Climbers and species hybrids are
sown a little farther apart and are trans-

pi iited in November to a place in the
Of!. II, sheltering them against frost by
liiiiing with soil and slightly covering with
spruce branches. Those that winter-kill
would not have been any good anyway
ant! those that grow will show in a few
years what they are like then — to be
pro;)n<i;ated or burned, as is the lot of
nuic h worldly material.

A famous German plantsman said some
time ago, "We raisers are not let loose on
the harmless people of this world to in-
ert, ise varieties, but to act as a disap-
pointment filter." — WiLHELM Kordes,
Sparrieshoopt Germany.

$50.00 for Rose Essays !

I larrisburg — Listen, young rose-growers
of the Diocese of Harrisburg! Four prizes
are to be awarded this year for the best
essays on the subject, "How to Have a
Small Rose-Garden," written by students
of secondary schools of the Diocese of
Harrisburg, boys or girls, under the age of
21. Ihe prize for the best essay sub-
mitted will be %25, for the second best
Sb, lor the third $10, and for the fourth
a year's membership in the American
Hose Society, which has certain definite
adxantages and emoluments. The essays
•"ust be sent to "The Harrisburg Church-

man," 213 South Front Street, Harris-
burg, Pa., not later than Labor Day,
September 6, 1937. The announcement of
the winners will be made in "The Harris-
burg Churchman'* as soon thereafter as
possible.

These prizes are being offered by the
American Rose Society, of which Dr. J.
Horace McFarland, of Harrisburg, is

"R k'' ""^^ ,?'^ ^^ ^^ ^'^own as the
bishoj) Darlington Prizes" in honor of

^e tirst l)ishop of Harrisburg for whom
he boeiety named a rose. The judging

ol the essays is to be made by the Ameri-

be finaT" ^"^'^^^^ ''''^ '^^ decisions will

ho!!i?^^i .^^^"^"^f contain excellent rose
^ooks Nvhjch can be consulted for informa-

V r e '» 1?^ P^^^^'^ Spot of the Uni-
voun; n f '' ^" opportunity for our

ose gardens, or the ones they intend to

have, or would like to have. Get started
on your essay soon, so that you can send
It in before Labor Day I *

\J^\q'^i''I: ^PP^^'^^^'n "The Harrisburg Churchman,"
Ma aiine ^P'**^**P*' Central Pennsylvania's Own News

Les Amis des Roses

The journal of the French Rose Society
IS called Les Amis des Roses, and it is a
very live and active publication. The one
for May-June begins with an interesting
history of that great rosarian M. Joseph
Pernet-Ducher, illustrated with the only
portrait of him that looks alive, as bor-
rowed from the American Rose Annual of
1929 in which it was published as John
Wister, then our Secretary, made a snap-
shot in the master's workyard.

The Magazine includes also obituaries
ot two famous European rosarians, Paul
Nabonnand and Jean Ketten.

The fine young Frenchman who visited
with us two years ago, Francis Meilland,
discusses the American Patent Law,
which, by the way, is attracting consider-
able attention in Europe, so far manifested
by diverse opinions. There is little doubt
that European countries will come to
patent roses in due course. — J. H. McF.

Old Roses That Stay with Us

From Goshen, N. Y., comes an account
of some old Hybrid Perpetual roses on a
farm which has been in one family since
1744, although the rose-garden is only
about seventy years old. The Steward
famdy has lived on this farm and in the
same house for well-nigh two hundred
years, and it is a pleasure to note that the
old Hybrid Perpetuals do well and give
satisfaction to those who are thus keeping
alive the old-time conditions and mem-
ories.—J. H. McF.

The P. of the P. Summary

Do not overlook Mr. Comstock's im-
portant summary of the Proof of the Pud-
ding on the following pages.

It will help you in ordering roses this
fall. Its use will also strengthen the in-
fluence of the Society.— The Editors.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

SUMMARY OF 'PROOF OF THE PUDDING"

By GEORGE A. COMSTOCK, Ansonia, Conn.

The tabulation which follows is a summary of the "Proof of the Pudding" appearing in the Rose
Annuals during the past eight years. This work was started by the late Paul B. Sanders, of Guelph,
Ontario. The hist to appear was in the January-February, 1935, Magazine. Mr. Comstock volun-
teered to take up this work, and his report follows. — Editor.

Expi ANATORY. No Variety appears that has been reported in less than two issues of the "Proof of the Pudding." and
no variety that has been mentioned less than ei^ht times has received consideration. Many varieties with unfavorable
prospects do not appear. Table I varieties may be considered as approved; Table II varieties may be considered fair to
good, but not outstanding: Table III varieties may be considered as fair to poor; and Table IV contains those which were
a general disappointment with diminishing prospects. — G. A. C.

TABLE I
VARIETIES RECEIVING AT LEAST 75 PER CENT FAVORABLE CRITICISM

Variety No.-Years Total No.

Reported Reports

Alice Harding 2 13

Angels Mateu 4 37

Betty Uprichard 3 53

Black Knight 3 30

Breeze Hill 4 18

Carillon 2 28

Christopher Stone 3 15

Condesa de Sastago 5 138

Crimson Glory 3 69

Cuba 2 28

Cynthia 3 18

Dainty Bess 3 25

Doubloons 2 28

Duquesa de Pcfiaranda .... 5 77

Eclipse 2 25

Edith Nellie Perkins 4 48

Feu Joseph Looymans .... 2 34

Glenn Dale 4 16

Gloaming 2 21

Gloriana 2 8

Golden Dawn 5 54

Henry Nevard 3 10

Hinrich Gaede 3 36

Imperial Potentate 2 33

Irish Charm 2 11

Kirsten Poulsen 2 8

Little Beauty 3 27

Margaret McGredy 2 46

McGredy's Ivory 3 29

McGredy's Scarlet 6 56

McGredy's Triumph 2 29

McGredy's Yellow 3 23

Mevrouw van Straaten van Nes 4 24

Mermaid 3 17

Mme. Grigoire Staechelin . . 3 34

Mme. Joseph Perraud .... 3 20

Mrs. E. P. Thorn 3 35

Mrs. Henry Bowles 2 23

Mrs. Sam McGredy 4 67

National Flower Guild .... 3 15

Nellie E. Hillock 3 29

Picture 4 25

Portadown Fragrance .... 5 39

President Boone 2 13

Primrose 5 25

Rev. F, Page-Roberts .... 3 32

Richard E. West 2 12

Rochester 2 10

Sir Henry Segrave 4 60

Southport 4 29

Souv. d'Alexandre Bernaix . . 4 21

Souv. de Jean Soupert .... 3 25

Sterling 3 8

Sunny South 4 24

Sunshine ._ 3 14

Susan Louise 3 16

Una ^Vallace 2 13

Victoria Harrington 4 19

W. E. Chaplin 5 45

For Fair Against

Remarks

9
28
46
22
16
21
12
105
64
21
14
21
21
57
23
36
27
12
16

7
50

9
27
27

8
21
34
28
44
22
18
22
15
26
15
28
19
57
11
24
23
29
11
18
25

9
45
22
19
22

8
22

12
15

16
33

2
8
7
4
1
3
2

24
5
0
3
4
5

12
2

11
6
3
4
0
3
0
7
3
0
0
4
8
0
6
3
4
2
1
5
5
4
4
9
2
2
2
6
2
4
5
2

2
1
8

Early reports favorable.

Blackberry fragrance; developing favorably.

Poorest on Pacific Coast.

Burns some in hot sun.

Attractive new red.

An outstanding decorative rose.

Excellent reports from everywhere exceptCalitornia.

A well-liked yellow Climber.

Has beautiful long buds but sparse petala^;c.
Not satisfactory in California.

The few favorable reports come from Texas.

Unfavorable report from California.
Has some black-spot.

Polyantha.

A steady bloomer of Polyantha habit.

A deep vivid rose color, but not scarlet.
A promising rose.

Is making frieftds. ,,

Known in America as "Permanent Wave.
Needs winter protection in North.

Has good possibilities.

Occasional weak growth and shy bloom.

Especially good in Texas where it originated.
This rose is increasing in favor.
Sprawling growth, but decidedly fragrant
The only criticism is occasional weak ncc k.

A Hybrid Tea with Polyantha habit.

Fine lemon color.

Does well in Pacific States.

A yellow with good prospects.

Few reports but favorable. . r;-

A strong-growing shrubbery rose from ^ nstran -

Moderate growtn; yellow Polyantha.

Rose of Rosa gigantea ancestry.

A good red without scent.

TABLE II

VARIETIES RECEIVING 50 TO 75 PER CENT FAVORABLE CRITICISM

Variety No. Years Total No. For Fair Against Remarks

Reported Reports

Ai>.>l 3 25 14 8 3 Good fragrance.

rtliurtine 2 9 5 0 4

A!</.anc 3 59 36 12 11 Comes and goes quickly and fades.

AnuOuinard 4 45 29 7 9 Weak in New England,

A •,»;.• Ic Pernet 3 43 28 8 7

Ai;tH- Mttte Poulsen 2 15 9 5 1 Semi-double Polyantha.

Aiitiimn 4 55 28 18 9 Not so satisfactory in New England.

Iil.uk Boy 5 22 14 4 4

Hn.rciiff 3 18 12 2 4

( iiiiKJita 2 16 8 2 6

( it.l.mia 5 53 28 12 13

(, halts H. Rigg 4 22 14 5 3

( I \lmc. Edouard Herriot . . 2 14 12 0 2 Particularly good in New England and on Pacific

Coast.

( I I ilisman 5 29 20 9 0 Good in South. Freezes back in North.

( ninttssf Vandal 6 168 113 37 18 Mildews some. Just misses Table I.

Dii.u Edith Helen 2 45 29 6 10 Excellent in South. Exhibition,

DiHltm 3 20 11 4 5

Dr. Hckener 5 21 12 4 5

Dr. I-:. M. Mills 4 21 12 2 7

I (litor McFarland 5 89 56 18 15 Increasing in favor.

J. ('Hill 5 84 52 13 19 Weak stems, but fair.

Issrnce 3 19 10 4 5

I <(l( rico Casas 4 32 16 6 10 Fades quickly,

I (11 P«rnet-Ducher 3 72 36 23 13 Varied reports.

I lully Ruffles 2 11 6 1 4 Polyantha.

Gairty 4 31 21 5 5

Cj h< inirat Duisberg 3 28 20 6 2 Known in America as "Golden Rapture,"

<ili»ria Mundi 3 13 733

(;ol(lnu-.s Mainz 2 14 7 4 3 Good in South and Pacific States.

Hnnrich Wendland 3 46 23 17 6 Good on Pacific Coast,

"'pr«'^,'*,, 4 32 20 7 5 Weak plants, but exhibition blooms.

ri Nine Hampton 3 28 17 6 5 Good reports from Texas where it originated.

In^h Hope 3 19 116 2

Ivy May 4 14 7 3 4

J'U<,\\i- 2 19 11 6 2

J..anr>a Hill 5 63 36 18 9 Exhibition. Excellent on Pacific Coast,

J.Ottolhilow 5 40 21 8 11 Excellent in South and on Pacific Coast,

Joyous Cavalier 3 16 11 2 3 A fine garden variety,

Jnlcs (.aujard 4 57 32 9 16

Kiilwai 4 18 11 4 3

KoniKin Luise 3 II 7 2 2 Variable.

lady I-orteviot 5 44 27 9 8

I adv Margaret Stewart ... 2 44 26 9 9

l.tonard Barron 5 37 19 8 10

' 'VVk I i 1? *^ ^ 0 Sprawling plant, but beautiful flowers,

LordCharlemont 3 25 15 5 5 A satisfactory red,

"■' "^'"«« 2 73 39 16 18 Some black-spot. Good in Oregon,

L""*' ■ 2 15 9 2 4 Ivory colorecf

M'^' ?rt 3 29 20 0 9

^J^'^y JIart 4 54 30 13 11

Max Krause 3 30 19 6 5

M,7"A7k ■ «■ ''if" ^"ssem .2 23 13 7 3 Not a satisfactory rose.

Mn'r^r ?>"''.!" • • • 3 20 16 2 2 Growth weak.

Mm^ I " • I "*" *"* I 57 36 14 7 Reports are better each year. Has good prospects.

M Nv'i T , I l^ *0 5 5 Known in America as "White Briardiff,"

Mnu.N^oiasAussel. ■ • - 3 24 16 8 0 Weak neck. Sprawling growth,

Mrs B "^'■'■aclough ... 3 48 34 8 6

mIs; (.* W.^Edwards ; ' ' ' ' 4 ?? ^8 3 4 ^'"^ «" f*^^'"*^ ^^^^t. Not always hardy,

Mrs. CtorgeC. Thomas . . . 2 14 10 0 4

^irs. I ovell Swisher ... 3 31 20 9 2

Mr'! W T N^^i," ^""^ • • • • 5 ^ 44 13 9 Plants and growth weak.

Nidu """ ■ ■ ■ ■ i 31 19 11 1 Particularly good during first season.

N f/' , 5 24 13 10 1

f^ornian Lambert .... 2 21 12 4 «5

Nuntius Pacelli ; 3 {^ 9 4 |

Pa7ien' !'"''''" ! 55 27 9 19 On the border-line between Table II and HI,

pflu , 5 43 26 4 13

p]t,^l\';^^l 2 21 13 5 3

Pollv ' '^ I \^ 10 2 2 A strong grower of pillar proportions. White.

PriKul.-n, u u ■ .1 5 23 16 7 0

Kts n "''^c'**-"^'*^^'" -5 114 74 25 15

^rtsichnt Jac. Smits .... 5 31 17 a a

PreMcUju Plu„,ecocq . . . . . 4 41 21 13 7

RhcinKoId"""*'^ i ?® I'* ^ 5 A shy bloomer. Border-line Table II and III.

Roch.fort i }J ^2 o f Ki

Rosdaiuiia ..!;;:;:" 3 29 it 7 I ^**^ '"^"y '■^p^'"^^-

Sh'oTsiik''""'" • • I 57 37 10 10 Does not do well in Virginia.

Scorcher l ^^ ^^ ^ 10

Sir Davi<i Davis a !« *"* 5 4 Does well in South. Needs protection in North,

SoeurTIi'. A 0 20 6 4

^ouv di Mm«'r^ hu ■ l" J ■ f 11 ^^ 1^ 9 Fine buds. Open flower. Not so attractive,

' vime. C, Chambard , 4 90 48 21 21 Demoted from Table I. 1936 reports unfavorable.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Variit.y

Swansdown
Symphony

Talisman .

Icxas C^t-ntt-nnial
Vanguard
Villc dc Paris
W. A. Bilnt-y .
Warraw»-<'
Willulrn Brcdcr ,

No. Years
Kt'portfd

. 5
2
5
2
6
4
4
J
1

Total No.
Kt'ports

18
10
96
38
30
53
17
39
11

Vux Fair Against

Remarks

11
6
60
25
20
34
13
20
16

7
7
2

10
8

2
2

21
9
3

12
2
9
3

Very few reports.

Poor in hot weather, but o_therwise satisfactory.

A red President Hoover.

Rugosa.

Does well in South.

An Australian.

Known in America as "Glowing Sunset."

TABLE III
VARIETIES RECEIVING 25 TO 50 PER CENT FAVORABLE CRITICISM

Variety No. Years Total No. For Fair Against Remarks

Reported Rep(jrts

Better limes J 45 ^2 8 15 A good florists' rose. Poor color in garden.

Ciledonii 4 52 24 20 H

Carrie Jacobs Bond '.'.... 2 38 13 9 16 Not a prolific bloomer.

Chaplin's Pink Climber .5 24 ^? ,^ ^' cr ui ■ • A " V ,'

Chirles P Kilham .4 51 25 20 6 Exhibition. A specialist s rose.

Daily Mail Scented R<.se .4 18 ,^ ,^ A r- ^ ■ T

Director Rubio 5 35 } 0 ^ Good in Texas.

[)„t,y 4 38 11 12 15 Diminishing in favor.

Duchess of Atholl 4 41 19 13 9 Good in the South.

Faslea's Golden Rambler ... 2 13 45 4 Not too promising.

E. J. Ludding 5 31 \\ ^^ ^

Everest -4 26 1 1 8 /

Gipsy Lass 3 26 12 7 7 Good color, but small flower.

c'lilden Moss" 5 56 22 18 16 Good growth and foliage, but sparse bloom.

G<.lden Salmon :..,,. 3 19 4 9 6 Polyantha.

CIrenoble 3 31 10 9 12

Hilda ... 4 17 7 9 1

J. C. rhornt<.n 5 26 12 10 4 Variable reports.

Julien Potin 3 68 30 12 26 Considerable confusion

Katharine Pechtold 4 34 16 11 7 Flowers have weak necks.

l.iBurcs 4 37 1[> ^2 5

Lord Lonsdale i 22 8 11 3 A poor grower.

Lord R«)ssmore 4 18 8 6 4 Exhibition. , u la

lucieMirie 6 72 33 19 20 Strong grower but poorly shaped flower.

Malar-Ros . ! 3 42 17 17 8

Matador .... 2 28 12 9 7

May Wettern 4 40 19 12 9 Shy.

Mi-inory - 3 14 6 4 4 Loose petalage.

MissRowenaTh.mi 3 44 21 4 19 No enthusiasm. -r M >n rinMlur"

Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James . . 94 reports of experts claim, this Golden (J.-Mlur

makes fine growth, but few «)r no flowers.

New Dawn 3 28 10 6 H » ,- mi- XnKi.lV

isji„rctte 4 56 14 8 34 A disappointment to many. Nearly in 1 ahle IV.

Rapture 3 20 9 1 10 Diversity of opinion.

|^„^(,||,j 3 15 5 4 6 Climber of striking color, but poor growth.

R<.slyn '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 2 28 9 6 13

Schwabenland 4 21 7 7 7

SenoraGari 3 30 12 11 7

Solarium 3 14 4 6 4

Sunkisl 3 23 8 6 9

Syracuse 4 21 8 3 10

Texas Gold 2 11 4 3 4 After a good first year it is slipping.

X^kVn 4 51 15 7 29 Just misses Table IV.

Trigo '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. i 10 4 3 3

Yosemite 4 16 6 5 5

TABLE IV
VARIETIES RECEIVING LESS THAN 2 5 PER CENT FAVORABLE CRITICISM

Variety No. Years Total No. For Fair Against Remarks

Reported Reports

Allen's Fragrant Pillar .... 4 13 34 6 ,..,••. .„ ,nt as

Blaze . 5 100 18 23 59 General complaint is that it is not rem 'i!...nt a

advertised.

Colonel Sharman Crawford . . 4 12 2 5 5 Only a few reports, but unfavorable.

Governor Alfred E. Smith . . 3 22 3 5 14 Generally unfavorable • r •, ,,,.

Mine. Raymond Gaujard . . . 5 66 13 18 35 Known as "Olympiad.' A growing fa.hu,

Mrs. J. D. Eisele 4 66 5 10 51 Evidently bad propagation. Has few frit i"^

Souvenir 3 22 4 5 13 Increasingly poor reports.

Thomas A. Edistm 5 25 4 7 14 A poor bloomer and general disappomtmc.i ^ ^

Do you want this Summary repeated next year?

^ptember- October , 1937

£diieclhy
Horace McFarland

R- Marion Hatton

Vol. II— No. 5

This Great Rose Season

WHATEVER the reason, the combination of moisture, tem-
perature, rose plants and rose disposition prevalent in most
of these United States during the growing season of 1937
has given us all amazing growth, amazing roses and an accession of
rose interest and rose love.

Out of this ought to come definite rose advance. This Magazine
and its father, the American Rose Annual, want to hear from you
about your experiences. The Proof of the Pudding ought to be better
proof of a much larger pudding than ever before. There have been
troubles with individual varieties. Tell us about them. Notable suc-
cesses have related to certain varieties. That will be worth recording.

Then, too, this year there is growing vigorously the disposition to
have better public rose-gardens. The Editors' office ought to know
about the accomplishments and the possibilities, and the Secretary
certainly wants all the information possible. This is a warm and
vigorous invitation, equivalent to a demand, to our members to speak
up and tell us all about it.

^i^fru^^A^ ?lj^=^^AAiA^.

led bv The American Rose Societ)

15 < a copy • $1.50 a year

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

THE AMERICAN
ROSE MAGAZINE

Edited by

J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

Published bi-montbly by

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Crescent and Mulberry Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

Subscription price: To members of the American Rose
Society 75 cts. a year, 15 cts. a copy, wbicb amount ts
included in tbe annual dues of $3.50.

1 o all others: $1.50 a year, 25 cts. a copy. .

Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Harris-
burg, Pa., under the act of March 3, 1H79.

Vol. II. No. 5 1937 September-October

The Proof of the Pudding

It is now time to begin collecting notes
for the 1938 "Proof of the Pudding,'* and
we again request members to report each
rose on a separate 3x5 card or slip of
paper.

All the reports for each rose have to be
sorted out and put in a rough geographi-
cal arrangement before we can start to
make up the ''Pudding," and unless these
reports are received on separate cards or
slips we must transcribe them here before
we can start the work.

In reporting, won't you please say how
many plants oj the variety you have, and
how long you have had them. This feature,
started last year, received much favorable
comment. Reports this year should be on
roses introduced during, and since 1933.

We want to make the "Pudding" each
year more valuable. Will you help? That
the feature is of permanent value is now
overwhelmingly proved. It has even been
warmly commended by an English grower
of experience. — The Editors.

Dr. Nicolas Dies Suddenly

Just as this Magazine was going to press
(September 25) a telephone message from
his physician and friend Dr. Taylor, in-
forms us of the death by a sudden heart
attack of Dr. J. H. Nicolas. Dr. Taylor
added that this rose master had expected
and hoped to pass on thus. A truly great
international rose man is thus taken from
this life to another.

The Washington Rose Show

The Potomac Rose Society will hold
its Annual Rose Show in the New Na-
tional Auditorium, 10th Street and Con-
stitution Avenue, Washington, D. C,
October 9 and 10. This is one of Americ a's
finest rose shows, and members attending
the annual meeting who can visit Wash-
ington on their way home, will be well
repaid.

About New Members

How many new members have yoi se-
cured this year?

Have you told all of your rose-loving
friends about the American Rose Society?

The more members we have, the better
service we can render.

There are thousands of rose-lovers in
this country who have never even heard
of the Society.

How many application blanks can you
use? — The Secretary.

Come to Old Virginia

On October 7 and 8 the Roanoke Kose
Society will be host to the American Kose
Society for its annual meeting. On this
occasion a program, not so full as to be
boring, including discussions of ok! roses,
a study of soils and culture, and a talk on
southern roses, has been prepared. A lew
gardens may be visited. Hotel Patriek
Henry will be the headquarters.

We will surely do our best to gixc our
visiting rose brethren a good ti nu-, and
also to develop information of pra "tical
gardening value.

Roanoke is situated in the Kunous
Roanoke Valley, where the primeval
North-South and East- West trails cross.
It is in a beauteous land, spring, smiHiier,
and fall, and surrounded by P'^"y\(!'
historic interest. Come to Roanoke' v\c
want you, we shall welcome you, ;hkI we
shall try to make you glad you cainc.

For hotel reservations and inforit:;ition,
see cards enclosed with your bal;"t, (>r
address C M. Speese, 504 Axvnham
Ave., Roanoke, Va. It is very ad isabie
to make your hotel reservations early.
— T. Allen Kirk, Vice-President.

29th Annual Meeting
THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

1937 CONVENTION

Roanoke, Virginia, October 7th and 8th

IN HOTEL PATRICK HENRY

^ro grants

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1937

Froin H A.M. Registration (Lobby of Hotel
P.itrick Henry).

9.00 A.M. Trustees' Meeting (Green Room).

ii.oo A.M. Opening of Flower Show (Ballroom).
Informal reception in showroom for
nglstcrcd guests. Admission by card only.

12.30 P.M. Luncheon at Hotel Patrick Henry.

Welcome to Roanoke by Roanoke
Rose Society.

Response by President Barron.

2.00 i.M. Annual Meeting of American Rose
SocKty, Hotel Patrick Henry.

3.00 P.M. Rose Symposium, including Study of
Kosc Soils.

5.30 i'.^'. Leave showroom in a body for
(^ouiilry Club.

^).o() P.M. Reception at Country Club.

7.00 P.M. Banquet at Country Club.

H-30 CM. Lecture on "Old Roses." by Mrs. F.

I-. Kl AYS.

J KIDAY, OCTOBER 8. 1937

90(,t<, ia30A.M. Visit Dr. T. Allen Kirk's
'^;>s(-U.rden while the roses are sparkling

with (lew. ^

FRIDAY. OCTOBER 8. 1937. continued

10.30 A.M. Short Talks of general interest by
prominent rosarians, among whom may be
mentioned J. D. Crump, M. H. Horvath,
T. Allen Kirk, C. R. McGinnes, J. H.
Porter.

12.30 P.M. Luncheon at Hotel Patrick Henry.

2.00 P.M. Leave hotel in a body for visits to
gardens.

"A Study in Landscaping "as illus-
trated by Mrs. J. J. Mclntyre's beautiful
home and garden.

"In Old Virginia at Eventide," with
Mrs. Lawrence Davis. Tea will be served
by The Roanoke Valley Garden Club.

8.00 P.M. Experience Meeting at Hotel Patrick
Henry: A convention of rose-bugs to talk
about the joys and irks of rose-growing.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1937

Trips to near-by points of scenic
interest.

1. Blacksburg, includes Arboretum,
Nature Trail, Site of proposed A. R. S. Test-
Garden.

2. Mill Mountain.

3. Twelve o'clock Knob.
Bent Mountain.

4. Natural Bridge.

General Injormation

locturcVtrms^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ includes one banquet, two luncheons, admission to rose show and

wi'i be S. ^o ' *''^'''" ^"^ ''^'"^"^ meetmg-places. If luncheons and dinner are not desired, the fee

N'>n-nu nibers of American Rose Society may attend.
^•^'•'clq-.arters will be at Hotel Patrick Henry.

c va,uv Registration is urgently requested. Phase return card at once.
^^Ijr ^,.c rotary will gladly make hotel reservations.

rt^s: C. M. Speese, 504 Avenham Ave., Roanoke, Va.

The 1937 Rose-Disease-Control Campaign

REPORTS to date Indicate that both
black-spot and mildew of roses are
. unusually prevalent In most sec-
tions this season because of abundant
rainfall and other conditions favoring
their development. Reports of burning
from sprays and dusts have been less
numerous than usual, although too few
reports have been received to necessarily
give a true picture. It Is hoped that the
period of high temperatures and resulting
danger from burning is over lor most oi
us, and that the routine schedule of spray-
ing or dusting regularly followed may be
practiced from now on.

It is in connection with the spray and
dust operations for the remainder of the
season that this brief article is being
written. If your roses are clean, they
should be kept so, and if there Is some
black-spot. It should be kept from spread-
ing and becoming any more prevalent.
The gardener should have In mind the
Importance of keeping the foliage clean
right up to the time It normally falls.
There are two reasons for this: (1 ) to en-
able the plant to hold its leaves and prop-
erly mature Its wood and thus be in con-
dition to withstand the low temperature
of winter, and (2) to reduce to a minimum
the number of diseased leaves in which the
fungus hibernates. The good gardener
will rake and burn these old rose leaves as
soon as the plants are defoliated, but it is
Impossible to thus destroy all of them,
and the greater the number of diseased
leaves left on the ground, the greater the
chances that some will be left in the gar-
den to serve as sources of inocula for In-
fections next season.

So do not cease your disease-control
operations until the plants are defoliated
or the leaves killed by low temperatures.
Not only is the autumn with its frequent
rains and low temperatures favorable for
black-spot, but frequently the disease has
become Increasingly prevalent as the sea-
son advances, so that large numbers of
spores are present to be disseminated and
cause infection when conditions are favor-
able. Your schedule of applications will
probably have to be speeded up to pro-
vide adequate protection, now that rains

are more frequent and the leaves are b( iiif^
wet by dews and fogs. Remember thai in-
fection may — probably will — result w licn-
ever the leaves are wet continuously lor as
long as six to seven hours unless there is a
fungicide present on the surface to kill the
germinating spores. Continued control
operations at this time may well ccjiitrih-
ute substantially to your success next
season in maintaining clean foliage.

An application of lime-sulphur solution
at a dilution of 1 part of the concentrate to
9 parts of water, late in the season after the
wood is fully matured and before the advent
of freezing weather, may aid both in dis-
ease and Insect control. Lime-sulpluir is
preferred to Bordeaux mixture and other
sprays because it Is more caustic and more
efTectlve as an ovicide in insect control.
The stems should be thoroughly covered,
but there Is no convincing evidence in the
control literature to indicate value horn
spraying the soil about the plants. A
similar dormant treatment in the sprinji;
may also be of value.

Those cooperating In the campai<j;n will
be sent questionnaires In October or carlv
November for use In submitting reports
on practices and successes and failures ol
the past season. With but a relati\elv
small number participating in the eam-
paign, it is essential that we receixe linal
reports from everyone who has an\thin<i
to contribute. In order to expedite mat-
ters it is urged that you look over xour
plants and records carefully, refernng to
the sample copy of the questionnaire sent
you last spring, If you still have i*. and
plan on making a full and cardully
weighed report. Your judgment on the
merits of materials and methods u^cd is
Important, In addition to the record ngot
factual data, and you are encoura-c-d to
comment freely and help us in our > llnrts
to present a summary which wil' ix^' <'■
maximum value to all growers ol roses.

— L. M. M^ssix

Editor's Note.— There never was sucii ,i rose
season as the 1937 rose explosion, now coining t(»
an end! The alert and alive rose work' r wH^
surely join in reporting and comment in: "/ ^^
astonishing experiences he has had. I > n t x
tongue-tied; shoot the story to Dr. M i^ *>
the glory of the rose.

Results from Dr. Massey's Campaign

HAVING taken part in the rose-
disease campaign since 1934, I
wish to stress the following as be-
in- necessary to attain success:

Sanitation, because cleanliness is an im-
portant factor in preventing infection. I
IK er allow decaying matter of any sort to
remain in the rose-beds. Leaves from
near-by trees, rose petals, and vegetation
ol any sort is kept out. The plants are
spra\ ed with Bordeaux mixture when
tlie\ come to life in early April, and again
when the blooming season is over, just
before the plants are hilled up.

Air-circulation helps dry the foliage;
w ithout it we store up plenty of trouble!
Last October I had two cases of this
shortcoming on Austrian Copper and
Gruss an Teplitz; the inner side, facing
shrubbery, got a dose of black-spot. This
cause has since been removed.

Plant-activity is of vital importance.
Feedmg and watering are needed at reg-
iijar mtervals. Healthy plants will repel
disease and msects much better than weak
or sickly ones.

Thoroughness Is the answer to the whole
stor\. Slipshod methods never get far
and are a waste of material and time. A
sood mechanic always takes pride in a
jol) well done, and there is no need for
alibis.

I use plain Massey dust, thinly and
evenl\ applied. It is not how much is put
on, but how It is done. I apply the dust
•roni the base upward, enveloping the
^'ntire plant, and by doing this gently
here IS no unsightliness such as some co^
operators complain of. Holding the dust
^un too elose or over the plant often re-

bumn, of foliage during a hot, dry spell.
Last inn,er, during the hot, dry period,
om ttecl dusting entirely, and as the

Se '^'.'^r'^i^P '"^ ^^y ^^^t^^r, the

K n f ^^^ ¥^ ^^^^" ^as able to func-

^n roperly. J prefer dusting to spraying

i^^nnnt, and cheaper, while sprays

must dry on the plants to be of any use. •
Besides this there comes the additional
work of preparing the liquid and cleaning
the tank after the spraying is finished.
Dust IS immediately available and can be
applied before a shower. I firmly believe
in dusting before rains to eliminate dan-
ger of infection, and as often as necessary
every time it rains enough to wash off the
dust. Light rains or showers of short
duration will not affect the dust to any
great extent. Nor do I believe in confining
dusting or spraying to regular intervals a
week or ten days apart, as some advocate;
between these periods we frequently have
several rains and if the plants are left un-
protected, disease will take hold.

These campaigns have taught me much
and the results have been highly suc-
cessful. Last year I had my first black-
spot September 28, on four plants for a
total of twelve leaves, besides what I men-
ti^oned above due to poor air-circulation.
I o date, this season, no spot, and only a
slight attack of mildew on Dr. Huey, due
to considerable dampness in June.

I would like to point out that, where I
am ocated, we are only 6 to 8 feet above
sea-level and there is rarely a night, even
during the hot summer, when we are free
from dew, frequently quite heavy, es-
pecially during October and November,
bo It can be readily understood that it is
a steady job all season to keep the plants
u ^f^^^^y* a"<J growing well, but it
can be done and we do enjoy growing and
getting good roses.

Won't some of the cooperators tell of
their experiences and methods? I under-
stand the editors have expressed their de-
sire to maintain an open forum in the Rose
Magazine; perhaps some of the less suc-
cessful members can be helped with their
problems. I am sure cooperation will be
appreciated and helpful.

Should any member care to write to me
or further information, I will gladly

tT^^'''''^^ 9- Anders, Valley Stream,
L. L, New York,

1916 Annual Wanted

We have an order for a 1916 Annual and would like to hear
'rom any member having a copy for sale.-THE Secretary'

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

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A lovely Texas Rose-Garden right in the edge of the East Texas rose center at Tyler is this delightful
garden, made and maintained by a Senator of the Lone Star State, Hon. Thomas O. Pollard.

Down Where the Roses Grow

Festival Association, and John \\omble,
secretary-manager. A competitive rose
show, under the supervision of the local
nurserymen, daily garden pilgrlivKitics to
Tyler gardens, and "National Rose Sun-
day" are included on the 1937 caldularot
events. ^

The rose show, which is alwa\- <>ne oi
the outstanding attractions, may be
viewed at any time during the tlucc-dav
fiesta. Some three hundred vai .<tics oi
rose blooms are arranged each v ar in a
tent-garden setting that presents a scene o
unique beauty. The roses will 1- l^^'f^^
the first day of the festival, October
8. First, second, and third aware; will oe
made for outstanding entries and t lie niosi
attractive arrangements of cuv i>l<^^''l|^'
The rose that is the most popin^r jvixi
visitors will also be given a prize ribw •
At noon of the first day, designated a
Garden Club Day, the five loca. ^arc^
clubs will be joint hostesses for a luncn

DOWN in East Texas, where millions
of roses grow, the city of Tyler is
preparing to entertain thousands
of visitors to the Fifth Annual Texas Rose
Festival on October 8, 9, and 10. Within
a fifteen-mile radius of this prosperous
East Texas city, approximately 200 nur-
serymen are engaged in the business of
supplying one-third of its roses to the
world.

Roses in East Texas were more or less
taken for granted until five years ago
when East Texans decided to share with
others the beauties of this rose city by
having a festival. Since that time the
festival has increased in popularity with
each celebration, and those in charge of
arrangements this year promise visitors a
more magnificent and entertaining spec-
tacle than on any previous occasion.
Three new features have been added to
the program, which was planned by W. A.
Pounds, president of the Texas Rose

ion, and will present a noted rosarian as
^ lest speaker, who, we are informed, will
t 11 of great public rose-gardens.

In the afternoon the 1937 Rose Queen
will entertain the members of her court at
a tea, honoring visiting "duchesses'* from
other states and "princesses'* from other
cities. That evening, in an elaborate cere-
mony which will have as a central theme
tlu glorification of the rose, the 1937
Queen of the East Texas Rose Kingdom
will be crowned. All visiting duchesses
and princesses take part in this ceremony.
Following the coronation visitors will en-
joy an evening of dancing at the annual
Queen's Ball.

The colorful floral parade of over 50
rose-decorated floats and 25 visiting bands
is scheduled for Saturday morning, Octo-
ber 9. The Pan-American motif, as a
c()nipliment to the Exposition at Dallas,
will be used in float decorations. An in-
tercollegiate football game between the
Texas A. and M. College and the Mis-
sissippi State teams will be played that
afternoon at the Lion Stadium, and that
night the annual football dance will honor
the two teams.
Sunday, October 10, has been named
National Rose Sunday,'* and visitors
and hast Texans will be asked to remem-
ber Inends and acquaintances with gifts
0 roses on this day. The idea of having a
National Rose Sunday was "borrowed"
Iron. I lo land's famous Tulip Sunday, a
c ay on which homage is paid the tulips of
that country. Special services to com-
memorate the rose are to be held Sunday
and at 4 p. m Dr. Charles C. Selecman
president of Southern Methodist Uni-
versity, will be the principal speaker for
the vesper service in the Bergfeld am-
P imheatrc. The Tyler Symphony OrchS-
tra vv.lj pve a concert at the amphitheatre
at o o clock.

Dallv tcurs of the famous rose-f.elds of

wll I, ■"'■"l'^'" ^ '"^^^' and visitors
11 ^¥ opportunity of seeing acre

in tL'7lll™'"t'"/"" Woom, foT it is

^>u 1 *''?* u'^^ ^""'^^ '^'oo'" "lost
aounthintly. h has been estimated that

Z^T^^ ^^--^ - yeirare ^
SLZ '^'^ '^'" ^^^h^^-' Garden

beau if' y '^"^?n ^^ ^y^^''^ "^ost
xaut.lul gardens will acquaint visitors

with diff'erent rose -planting arrange-
ments. These garden visits will be
made at various hours during the three-
day festival.

The Festival last year had nearly 150,
000 visitors, and Rose Festival officials
expect even a larger attendance this year,
as the program offers both educational
and entertaining features— an event for
rose authorities and laymen.

—John Womble, Tyler, Texas,

Editors Note.— Texas roses seem to put
chips on various shoulders. North and South, pro
and con! Some friends who do not realize the
fact that the American Rose Society plays no
favorites, and that this Magazine is a free forum
tor respectful dispute about the rose, have as-
sumed that we won't publish what they send.
• L Hamdton's "bomb," in the May-June

issue, he felt, needed "pressure" to assure pre-
sentation. Then several Texans put the chip—
or was It rather a club?— on or over their shoul-
ders in letters not suitable for publication because
ol our respectful" limitation. One official feared
we would not use Mr. Womble's story as above
presented, unedited. Why not? the Senior
t.ditortroni personal knowledge, endorses all he
has said, and particularly refers to previous com-
ments on that superb tent show of roses he has
twice enjoyed.

It is the belief in this office that the better
lexas rose-growers are acouainting themselves
with the facts relating to their product as it is
used m the larger northern market. Some con-
vincing evidence of the excellence of well-grown,
well-handled Texas roses has reached us. It is
our earnest hope that the East Texas growers
will so organize as to rid the state of the few
Irauds and fakers who have sold on price and
mendacity. Many of this small group grow no
roses, depending on incidental purchases, not
always true to name, or well-grown and handled.
Ihe dependable rose-men of the Tyler radius
may ne<-d to establish a "white list," of those who
are doing honest service, exclusion from which
would make evident the "black sheep" feeding
in the Tyler range!

But not all the northern rose-men are impecca-
ble. As always, reputation, responsibility, and
trankness ought to count high in comparison to
price. Those who buy roses wholly on price,
neglecting the other items, deserve little sym-
pathy. North or South, when they find them-
selves stun^.

f '^t^ Senior Editor here deplores the date set
tor this East Texas Rose Festival without con-
sideration of the long-announced date for the
annual meeting of the American Rose Society at
Roanoke. While he has yielded to Texas insis-
tence that he make the fourth annual pilgrimage
to lyler, he now serves notice that only the
peculiar conditions involving criticism of the
American Rose Society, to be met face to face,
have warranted him in missing the important
Koanoke meeting.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

More About Texas Roses

There seems yet to he two sides to every
question. While Prof. Hamilton supports
his indictment of Texas roses with some
very convincing figures, my experience
has heen such as to indicate that roses
from that famcHJS rose area are not wholly
had.

Last season I planted in my Hope
Haven garden approximately 325 plants,
covering 65 varieties, all Texas-grown ex-
cept 5 plants which came from Ncnv York.
My purpose was to plant a hed every lil-
teen days from the first of December
until the middle of March in an effort to
determine, if possible, the best time for
planting in the South. This schedule was
approximately followed.

Few of the bushes were properly plant-
ed; emergency after emergency con-
fronted me, and it was necessary to leave
most of the actual planting to an inex-
perienced colored boy. When the last
bed was completed, on March 18, the
earlier planted beds carried bloom-buds.

Out of the 325 plants only 9 died.
While 325 plants assuredly is not an ex-
tensive planting, when they cover 65
varieties, 3 to 5 of a variety, are planted
at intervals from early December until
late March, and the actual planting done
with inexperienced help, there is consti-
tuted an exhibit worthy of considera-
tion. And when the losses under such
conditions are only 3 per cent, or less, the
plants simply couldn't be very bad, could
they? — Ben Arthur Davis, President
Mississippi Rose Society^ Meridian^ Miss.

Alas, The Exhibition Rose!

Mr. Uber, in the July-August Rose
Magazine, is not alone in asking the ques-
tion, "What is an exhibition rose?" Nor is
he alone in wondering why roses should
be classified as either exhibition or dec-
orative. So much has already appeared
in the Rose Annuals and Magazines, not
to mention my talk at Rochester in 1935,
that I hesitate to add more, but perhaps a
further explanation is necessary. It is a
pity so few persons are willing to play the
rose game by established rules; so many
want to do so in a free-handed manner.

First, the rose must be considered as
being universal and not belonging to any
one country or individual. As such, an
ideal or standard should be recogni/.cd
and rules set up to judge by, also to re-
ward the rosarians' cultural skill in grow-
ing and exhibiting to perfection a speci-
men bloom at rose shows. Mr. Uber need
never worry about poundage or the size of
a bloom, because an impartial judge is not
so influenced, but the number of petals in a
rose has much to do wMth its form, or what
I prefer to call character, especially when
its lasting or keeping qualities are con-
sidered. Beauty of form (Character)
should be lasting, and, at the time of
judging (w^hen did Mr. Uber make the
comparison?) it is only a rose w^th suf-
ficient petalage, regularly and gracefully
arranged within a circular outline and
having a well-formed center, that can be
relied on to be shown as an individual
bloom. To call such blooms exhibition,
specimen or show roses is beside the point.
Compare the lasting qualities of Mme.
Butterfly to that of Dame Edith Helen,
also the cultural skill necessary in ,<zr()\\-
ing the latter to perfection.

Mr. Uber and others should bear in
mind that the judges were simply lol-
lowing established rules in selectiii;^ the
Queen of the Show, and doing so in an
impartial way. I extend to theni my
heartiest congratulations. Please remem-
ber, too, it is a rose show and not a stem
and foliage show to which we brinu our
blooms. I am sure that whatever pomts
were deducted for weakness of stem, when
all the other points were considered,
Dame Edith Helen was worthy ol the
award. When prizes are given lor the
most beautiful rose in the show, then, and
only then, should established ruks be
thrown into the ash-can and judges al-
lowed a free hand to select a rose <>i their
own liking. But I am for established
rules and impartial judging! — G. F. Mid-
DLETON, Seattle, Wash.

Editor's Note.— Our Seattle friend is ^ grand
scrapper for his ideals. AH the fine work he docs
with roses and shows, goes to cstablr^n more
securely the universality of the Queen of ! lowers.
Whether formal or informal, it is roses v e want,
and more of them in more gardens all <>ver
world.

Kt-

A ROSE RUBAIYAT

WITH ANY NECESSARY APOLOGIES

Awake and rise! Jor lo! the morning light
Has put nocturnal parasites to flight.

And now, within my rose-beds, joyfully,
A day-time horde starts in to suck and bite.

Dreaming, when dawns left hand is in the sky,
I roll and toss and heave an idle sigh.

The while I search and conjure earnestly.
What I shall dust, or spray today — and why?

Of course there's mildew and a touch of thrip.
Black-spot and aphis — but the rest III skip.

No mortal can expect, within a day.
To smite all pest creation on the hip.

And this I know, whether I spray or dust.
Or cultivate, or mulch, or leave a crust;
I still shall find, if I but take a look
Beneath those leaves, the orange hue of rust.

I sometimes think that never blows so red
The rose as where, with lavish hand, I spread

Bonemeal; then with uncertainty I read,
I should have used crushed phosphate rock instead.

And those who lightly prune, with speech profound.
And those who blithely '"whack 'em to the ground'*;

What boots it either? when in argument.
Their loud proclaiming voices won't he downed.

But leave the wise to wrangle, and with me,
These quarrels of Rosarians let be.

And, seated in some restful garden nook,
Make game of that, which makes as much of thee.

I once^ had sought {and many shekels spent)
Earth's fairest '"dozen roses^" and I sent
For '"dozens" everywhere, but ever-more
Came out by the same door as in I went.

Then in exasperation's heat I cried.
Asking what lamp had Roserists to guide

Blind amateurs, who stumbled in the dark?
"Read our Rose Annual," a voice replied.

Then to the "Pudding's Proof" did I adjourn;
The truest merit of each rose to learn.

And sought, through page on page of blame and praise,
Some definite pronouncement to discern.

Yet though the rose, since it has cast its spell.
Has cost me much in time and money — well;

I often wonder what the florists buy.
One-half so precious as the goods they sell!

l' ENVOI

The shadows fall and as I breathe anon.

The earth-sweet fragrance, where my chore is done;

Those roses seem to nod and smile on me.
The game is worth ii~I still carry on.

— Fred Edmunds, Portland, Oregon

Black-Spot and Soil

What Five Years Has Taught Me

FAILURE to control black-spot is,
possibly, the cause of more failures
in amateur rose-growing than any
other one thing. Yet it is possible to con-
trol this pest almost 100 per cent through
frequent and timely applications of a good
fungicide, but often with the danger of
burning the foliage in hot weather, and
with no end of drudgery. Any method
which would reduce the necessity for such
frequent applications would be a welcome
relief.

A rose-bed with soil which has never
before grown roses is usually not badly
infested with black-spot the first year,
showing that the spores of this disease are
largely stored in the soil, and the fact
that in some localities this pest is not a
major problem would seem to indicate
that certain soil conditions are less favor-
able than others to the well-being of this
mean fungus.

We think of England as a country
where much damp weather prevails,
which should be favorable to the develop-
ment of the spores, but, after reading
many National Rose Society publications,
I conclude that black-spot is much less of
a menace to the English gardens than to
ours. Some of the soil in that land con-
tains much chalk, and Dr. Nicolas insists
alkaline soils are to be preferred in rose-
growing and that in such soil roses are
less subject to this disease. It would be
interesting if someone could tell us why
this should be. Does an alkaline soil make
an unsuitable medium for the spores of
this disease, or are roses growing in an
alkaline soil and absorbing an alkaline
solution through their roots, rendered less
susceptible to black-spot? This would
seem to offer interesting possibilities for
research.

We are told by those who profess to
know that roses cannot be grown to per-
fection in an alkaline soil, while others tell
us that we cannot obtain maximum re-
sults in an acid soil. This is all very con-
fusing, to say the least, especially when
we feel sure that very satisfactory roses
are grown in soils that range from pH 4.5
to pH 8+. What is the answer? Dr.

Nicolas has given his answer regarding
alkaline soil, but I think we should look
further.

Do certain rose understocks show a
preference for acid or alkaline soils? Do
certain varieties of roses show this pref-
erence regardless of the preference of the
root on which it may be budded? Some
English nurserymen offer roses budded on
various sorts of understocks so that the
customer may choose the stock that will
give the best results in his soil. Is it pos-
sible to condition our soils so that some
foreign roses, now complete failures in
this country, can be grown to their gold
medal perfection? Or, is this at all a
question of a suitable understock?

The American Rose Society has se-
lected a number of gardens to be used for
testing new varieties of roses before their
introduction. It would seem that the
owners of these gardens should be w illing
to cooperate in a project to determine, if
possible, the effect of climate and soil on
black-spot and on rose-prosperity in gen-
eral under the supervision of a trained in-
vestigator in a similar manner as Dr.
Massey has lately conducted his campaign
against black-spot.

The owners of the test-gardens eoukl
be requested to give data on climate, soil-
analysis, black-spot, and genera! pros-
perity of the garden as judged by growth
and bloom of certain varieties to be se-
lected by the Secretary and u>ed as
checks.

Some such plan as above outlined might
bring out some interesting and uselul in-
formation, and while it all mean^ more
work for our hard-working Secretary, I
am sure he will do all he can to ["oniotc
any project which seems to offer ;i chance
for success in growing better roses.
— Sumner C. Burgess, Falmouti . Mas

Editor's Note. — Mr. Burgess sciis in^'
rather large order when he writes as '>'> '\^- ^^
all he says is reasonable, as and whin i.s ques-
tions are capably answered. Who will answer.
How? Where? We need the test-gard' .is, tnor-
oughly organized for uniform research "id nn
orderly report. Ten thousand dollars niuint wei
be spent in instituting the research i)i'>;^':ramnie
outlined. Where is the money?

f~^ I VE years ago I started my first rose-
H garden consisting of two dozen bush
roses and two climbers. The bush
ro ts were all Radiance, for I had been
told they were the only roses that would
succeed here. These grew so well that I
pl.inted about two hundred bushes, of
soi^ie twenty varieties, in the fall. The
next year they bloomed very freely, but
by the middle of the summer black-spot
was bad, and as I did not know how to
care lor them, I lost most of my bushes.
Becoming interested in the State Rose
Show put on every May in Atlanta, Ga.,
b\ the Druid Hills Garden Club, I entered
two roses, and one of them won a second
prize. Encouraged by this, the next year
I entered seven roses, then winning two
first prizes and one second. The third
year 1 captured a first and eight seconds
out (d sixteen entries. This year I entered
twenty-two roses, and with a Mme.
Butterfly won the Hastings Silver Rose
B{nNl, a perpetual historical trophy given
for the best specimen in the show. I also
won a silver vase for the best white
Hybrid Tea (Kaiserin Auguste Viktoria),
and sixteen ribbons.

When 1 first began showing my roses
1 realized there was something wrong
with them and determined to find out
why 1 couldn't grow first-prize roses. One
of ni\ neighbors, who is a member of the
American Rose Society, brought me her
Annuals and Rose Magazines. I read
eycrv word of these and got a great deal
pi information from them. To get right
inside, I joined the Society last year, and
have enjoyed the articles very much.
Dr. Rawiszer says, "The 1937 Annual is
worth the price of a year's dues."

I ha\e written this because I wish to
encourage others to grow roses, and to
tell them how an amateur kept on trying
until she could grow prize roses.

1 now have some 600 rose bushes, in-
c udin;, 500 Hybrid Teas, 40 varieties of
Climbers, and a number of other varieties.
^rom the Hybrid Teas I have this year
cut 2,()00 long-stemmed, perfect roses,
ilie bushes are full of blooms, with much
new growth now (in August) and I ex-
pect to get several thousand more as

roses bloom in Atlanta until November.

Here is my method for rose-growing in
Georgia: First, dig the beds out 18 inches,
put in 3 inches of drainage, 5 inches of
cow-manure, 6 inches of red clay, and the
remainder good garden soil, preparing the
beds a month before planting to allow for
settling. Next, get No. 1 plants— not
just two-year-old field-grown plants, as so
many catalogues advertise, but strictly
No. 1 plants. I plant about November 15.

Then I plant right, thus: Examine
plants, trim roots to about 10 inches,
leave tops just as they are received, place
the plant in water for one hour; make
hole large enough not to crowd roots.
Plant so the "bud*' is just under the top
of ground; fill in the hole, press firm on
all sides, and then fill the hole with water.
As the clay holds the roots, the water does
not loosen the plant. After the water
drains away, scatter soil over the top
until the bed is level.

I keep plants and ground sanitary. In
January all new and old leaves are cut
from plants, the ground raked clean,
leaves burned, and plants sprayed with
lime-sulphur (12 tablespoons to 1 gallon
of water).

Now I prune, and prune hard. Why
waste plant-energy on a long branch
when, if you prune hard, strong new
shoots will come that will give you bloom?
March 15 is when I prune my plants to
from 3 to 5 inches from the ground and
cut out all but three or four strong canes.

Of course, I spray and dust regularly.
When leaves are half grown I start dust-
ing and keep this up twice a week until
July 1 ; then I use the dust once a week,
whether there is black-spot or not (I
haven't had any lately). I use the Massey
dust, adding tobacco to make it complete.

I feed my plants once a month, never
putting cow-manure on top of ground —
it encourages bugs and black-spot. I use
the formula given for liquid fertilizer in
the American Rose Magazine in the spring
issue 1936.*

*The liquid manure recipe mentioned was:
1 level teaspoonful of nitrate of soda, 1 heaping
tablespoonful of super phosphate, 1 teaspoonful
of muriate of potash to 2 gallons water. Apply
1 pint per plant every 2 to 3 weeks.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Cultivate about 2 inches deep just be-
fore fertilizing^ bushes.

I keep the roses cut, always leaving two
eyes from the bottom of the stem, as
that is where the new roses come from.
By doing this you keep the bushes pruned
all the time and will have more bloom
and less bush.

Of course, I reap the reward! I have
beautiful roses all the time. If you take
care of them there is nothing that gives
you as much pleasure as a rose-garden.
I have given mine a fair chance and they
have surely repaid me for my work. —
Mrs. Ill BERT Rawiszer, 3^37 Piedmont
Road, Atlanta, Ga.

More Startling Statements

Is there not some way to compel the
large nurserymen into giving us, for our
good money, plants which have not been
robbed of their vitality? First, let me
draw your attention to the last paragraph
on page 179 of the 1937 Rose Annual.
Francis Mellland, of France, certainly
gives us an eye-opener on how he w^as
interested in some of our large nursery-
men's scientific (?) methods in storing
roses with bare roots. Here, indeed, is one
of the major reasons why so many of our
plants do not do well the first year of
planting. No wonder Dr. Nicolas in a
recent issue of the Rose Magazine has
asked some of us 'Tudding Reporters"
not to pull our triggers so quick. He is
absolutely right, because it takes three
years bef^ore these ''refrigeration" plants
have recovered enough vitality to at least
give us some idea of what they should be.
Before that time many have **passed on,"
and rare Indeed is the plant that ever can
again be as vigorous as when it was dug
by the nursery employing such methods.
It is high time that these large nurserymen
give more attention and protection to the
roots which are Nature's storehouse. On
top of page 180 Mr. Mellland is again
astonished at the fancy boxes roses are
sold in these days. To me this is nothing
more than a good sales advertising stunt.
All this waxing of the tops of the bushes
covers a multitude of sins and most of it is
cut away at prunlng-time, and like the

"fancy boxes" is just plain rubbish to
find its way to the bonfire.

In their quest for dollars, nurserMiien
are disregarding the buyers' rights For
honest value, and while we are j^i\en
plants of wonderful size, they have been
robbed of their vitality by unsatisfactory
and detrimental modern (?) methods. \ly
advice is for amateurs to buy such roses
only at digging-time and then afterward
from your local nurseryman who believes
in keeping them heeled in the good old
Mother Earth. It is high time for these
large nurserymen to spend this extra eost
of fancy boxes and waxing in protecting'
the roots at all times. At a future time 1
shall go into further detail and relate mv
experiences and observations gained over
a period of five years, and let me say lexas
roses are by no means the only ones that
prove unsatisfactory. — G. F. Middli ion,
Seattle, Wash.

A New Rose-visiting Method

**The Kansas City Rose Socict\ re-
quests the pleasure of your compaiiv on
Thursday, the Twenty-seventh of May,
from three until five o'clock, at the home
of Mrs. Laurence Strauss, 5345 Ward
Parkway, to meet the new members."

Such is the novel and pleasing invita-
tion found on the editor's desk last spring.
It does seem a mighty fine way to brinji
rose people together.

Roses, in addition to being the most
beautiful flowers God has given man, iire
surely the most social flowers, brinj^nng
people together in pleasant hannnnv.—
J. H. McF.

A Super-Selection

What are the best 10 Hybrid Tea roses
introduced during the past 10 year> (1^-^
to 1937 inclusive)? One of our n umbers
wants to know, and suggests that as
'Troof of the Pudding" reporter^ have
grown the novelties as they a[)[H'ared,
their selections should be important.

So, "Proof of the Pudding" reporters,
when you send in your notes this v> inter,
won't you please enter on a separate card,
or slip, your answer to the above question.
The tabulation will be most interesting.

Roses from the Sky

IN ITIE National Air Mail Rose Show,
t he postal employees of Portland, Ore.,
under the leadership of Dr. E. T.
ll(.!lund, postmaster, have started some-
thi iir with limitless possibilities. Held as
a ^iparate section of Portland's famous
rost show, it enables commercial and
amateur exhibitors from all over the con-
tint i)t to participate. The Interest taken
in this feature was clearly proved this
\e;n w hen four stagings, each 40 feet long,
\vtr( lilled with roses that had traveled
to Portland over the air-lanes.

1 he first thing to Impress one when
viewing this array of beauty is the fresh-
ness of the roses. It is difficult to realize
that only a matter of hours have elapsed
si nee these blooms were growling in gar-
dens ;is widely separated as Providence,
R. 1.; Tyler, Texas; Bar Harbor, Maine;
lampa, Fla.; San Diego, Calif.; Ithaca,
N. ^ ., and the numerous other cities
noted on the entry-tags.

\ hat roses, shipped from the far corners
<>l the continent, can be exhibited in all
their Ireshness at a given rose show is a
striking tribute to the efficiency of the
present-day air-mall service. One reads
air-lme schedules and speeds of modern
aireralt, but to smell a rose in Portland,
Ore., and realize that the previous day it
^vas iivowing m a garden near Portland,
^Mame, 3,700 miles awav, brings these
laets home very forcibly. It means that
rosarians, wherever they may live, can
t'Miibit their choicest blooms in any city's
•i>se show that boasts an Air Mail section.
'^^routli and coloring of given varieties,
^Toun in chlTerent climates, can be noted.

There are many others better qualified
than the writer to speak on the details
involved in staging an Air Mall Rose
Show, but I have no doubt that Dr. E. T.
Hedlund, postmaster at Portland, Ore.,
would be glad to advise secretaries of
other rose societies that may be Interested
m including such a section in their 1938
rose shows.

All incoming mail planes are met prior
to the show, and all cartons containing
roses are immediately opened and the
blooms placed in water. They are then
set up at the rose show and the exhibitor
may rest assured that every individual
rose gets personal attention and is dis-
played to the utmost possible advantage.
Following the close of the show a list
of prize-winners is sent to each exhibitor,
together with ribbons and trophies to the
successful ones.

The Interest displayed by rose-growers
m the Air Mail Rose Show may be gauged
by the fact that in one particular class
there were 51 entries.

The whole of the Portland Rose Show
occupied a building one citv block square.
There were 5,000 entries, and a stafi" of
40 judges took two hours to complete the
judging.

The show was viewed by 30,000 people
during the two days it was open. Surely
this proves that the rose is still the Queen
of Flowers.— E. S. Rippon, Vedder Moun-
tain, B. C, Can.

Fditor's Note.— Surely Mr. Rippon's story
wiil cause others also to draw a long breath'
Here is the beginning of a series of truly national
rose shows. Why not?

Rose Dew

klel h' ■'" 7''^'^*^" }''\ '^ncl in the bottom sprin-
suKar) n' I P^^""*^^'^, ^hite sugar (granulated
t ose of ' 'n' ""'f ^ ^^y^i: ^f '■^^^ Petals, using
^" n . lin T'"'*' ••r/f they are to be had;
t.m omg this until the jar is filled. Several

•"'•kc ilu V'* r ""''^ there are enough petals to
^red w l I^ ''^?""V ^^^y «h«"^d be gath-

tf'c sun , K '''''\'? ^^^'^ "P«" them, and before

"'the j. uith r ^'^V'u-'^r^"^""- ^«^^'- th^ top
^'"d sc au V In '''■^' thicknesses of brown paper

^n^i of C, n' 'T"^^ ^^'^ P ''^^^ to ripen. At the
"^'" "lonths It IS ready to use. The clear

liquid which will have accumulated should be
drained off and bottled."

This is very delicious for adding to custard and
pumpkin pies, the delicate flavor of the rose com-
bining very nicely with the spices. After the
syrup has been pressed from the mass of petals
they can be broken into small pieces, dried a bit
on wax paper and used as a confection. Rose
flavoring IS used for cakes and wafers, and a few
drops added to a glass of iced tea is both refresh-
ing and dehcate in flavor; the rose brandy i&
good tor frozen puddings and white fruit cake.—
busAN Rogers Hayford, in American Home.

Birmingham's Rose-Trails

Success with Standard Roses

For a long time we have been hearing
about the Rose-Trails of Birmingham,
Ala., and after several months of inquiry,
have finally gathered the following in-
formation.

It seems that when the Works Progress
Administration beautification projects
were proposed last year, Mrs. M. T.
Francis, of Birmingham, called a meet-
ing, inviting to it all Federated Civic
Clubs and city and county officials, to
determine whether or not they would
sponsor a rose-planting project on the
roads leading into Birmingham. The
meeting was a success, and resulted in the
Works Progress Administration furnish-
ing the labor and supervision, while the
sponsors furnished the necessary tools,
fertilizers, transportation, plants, and
other expenditures to carry on the work.

Mr. M. Thomas Brooks, a landscape
architect, of Birmingham, deserves con-

siderable credit, as he drew the necessary
plans and has supervised the work.

One of the Men's Luncheon (Jubs
raised enough money to buy suflicicnt
plants to plant one mile of roses on c \ cry
highway leading into Birmingham. This
fund was oversubscribed, and the mileage
has been extended, one of our correspon-
dents advising us that the highway passinj^
his home, which is over three miles from
the city limits, had already been planted.

They are using mostly Paul's Scarlet
Climber, American Pillar, Silver Moon,
Mary Wallace, and Dr. W. Van Meet.
The rose plantings are complemented by
additional plantings of suitable native
shrubs and trees, such as crape ni\ rtle,
dogwood, althea, and hydrangeas.

The sponsors of the project feel certain
that by 1938 the roads leading into
Birmingham will be a blaze of rose bloom.
— R. M. H.

''One Red Rose in the Month of June"

This title is a quotation from the will of
Henry William Stiegel, a famous German-
Pennsylvanian who came to this country
in August of 1750, when the crossing of
the Atlantic in a sailing vessel took, as in
this case, seven weeks.

For many years it has been the pleasant
privilege of one of the Editors to visit
Manheim, Pa., on the second Sunday in
June, when the "ground rent" for the
Zion Lutheran Church is paid, according
to the Stiegel will, in the tender to one of
his descendants of the "one red rose"
provided in the deed. The celebration,
intermitted because of the death of some
of the parties, was renewed in 1892 and
has continued without break since that
time. As now conducted the Festival of
the Red Rose is an altogether dignified
affair as there gather from far and near
men and women to whom the ceremony
has sentimental interest.

The fact that the man who signed the

deed bringing about this ceremon\ was
also a famous artisan, beginnin<i; the
manufacture of exquisite glassware; that
he also made remarkable stoves; and was
an early civic improver, does not (ictract
from the strength and pleasure <>l this
annual rose ceremony.

All this is told about in a charminir little
book entitled "Henry William Sliced,
The Life Story of a Famous American
Glass-Maker." Its author, Gcor-v L
Heiges, of Manheim, is also its pu'-lisher,
but because the American Rose Magazine
believes in the celebration of such < \cnts,
the book may be bought from thi^ olhce
at its published price of $1.50. It i a very
creditable volume with attractive li lustra-
tions, and has the distinct hone <)l ^i"
introduction by a famous Ai '<^'ncan
author, Mrs. Elsie Singmaster ! vwars,
whose books, under the pen-nani* "LIsic
Singmaster," are perfect studies )l the
Pennsylvania German folk.

Lovers of the Old Roses should make every effort to attend the Roanoke
meeting and hear Mrs. Keays tell about the Roses of long ago.

\\ hen one considers the distinctiveness
and added charm which Standards (Tree
Ro (S) lend to the rose-garden, it is indeed
surprising that they are not more exten-
si\( !\ used. Possibly, their initial cost is
a l.ictor — especially under prevailing eco-
nomic conditions — in deterring rose -
gr(A\ers from planting Standards, and in
cases where the cost is a matter of im-
portance I would suggest the use of Half-
Standards. The latter, as a matter of fact,
are more appropriate for small gardens,
the difference being a variation of about
1 fort in the length of the briar stem, and
their cost is considerably less than that
of the full Standards.

It must be admitted that a formal gar-
den, be it large or small, composed of beds
of Ilvbrid Teas, no matter how colorful,
will convey an impression of flatness
which must be relieved in some manner.
Frequi>ntly this is accomplished by the
use <)f some central object of interest
having height, such as a fountain, a sun-
dial, or even a bird-bath. It could also
he done with telling effect by planting a
lull Standard in the center and surround-
ing,' it with four Half-Standards. These
Tree roses may also be advantageously
used at intervals of, say, 8 to 10 feet in
the outside or border beds, in which case
their height creates an illusion of an
amphitheatre around an arena of bush
heds. Standards also produce a charming
clfect 1 1 used as lawn specimens, but I
would suggest that their employment for
this purpose be not overdone, as other-
\vis(.' n,„ch of the novelty effect will be lost.
1 K' [)re-plantmg preparation and cul-
tura requirements for Standards are
similar to that recommended for the dwarf
Y^f'/^'t'i certain exceptions which I
^'la (liseuss One of the greatest dangers
t" the uell-bemg of Standards is wind,
j'nti It IS imperative, therefore, that they
>e supported. If stakes of wood are used
';^t lis purpose they should be replaced
; ntervals of three to four years as the
>^l Will rot below the soil surface. Iron
^'^J'"'''^4'''^!'^^ ^"^ somewhat more

t h. [ '"'^'T '^^"^^ correspond with
^'^^ iK'.^d.t of the briar stem, and the

latter must be tied securely in several
places to the support. It is desirable that
injury to the bark of the stem— which
would occur as a result of rubbing against
the support— be prevented by the use of
a piece of rubber, cloth, or other protec-
tive material at the points of contact.
The support should be driven into the
ground firmly before the Standard rose is
planted, not afterward. This procedure
will eliminate the risk of damage to the
root system. It is well to avoid deep
planting of Standards. The depth should
correspond with the soil-mark — left when
the tree has been lifted in the nursery —
which is usually easily discernible about
six inches above the root. Newly planted
Standards, as well as dwarfs, should be
pruned severely, but in subsequent years
I would recomrnend the removal only of
weak, diseased, injured or twiggy growth,
since the principal object in planting
Standards is to obtain garden color effect
rather than a few fine specimen blooms.

Many growers shrink from planting
Standard roses because of the imagined
risk of winter losses, but my experience
indicates that losses are negligible if
reasonable precautions be taken at the
proper time. The safe plan is that of
burying the heads in soil, and, with a
little experience, this operation will re-
quire only five minutes per tree. A hole
should be dug at a distance from the tree
corresponding to its height. The soil sur-
rounding the tree should then be loosened
with a garden fork, the stem untied from
Its support and gradually bent downward.
Should the stem resist, do not force it as
there is grave risk of breaking the briar.
Rather loosen the earth at somewhat
greater depth, applying pressure again to
the stem very gently until the head will
fit into the prepared depression in the soil.
The head should then be completely
covered with soil. By following the above
method I have never lost a Standard rose
through winter-killing, but I have suffered
losses of plants protected merely by
wrapping the heads with burlap and straw,
which latter method is occasionally recom-
mended.— ^Arthur J. Webster.

Reprinted by permission of Canadian Horticulture and
tlome Magazine.

'T>'

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

A Rose Veteran Passes On

In New Castle, Incl., there has hved
for a long hfe Myer Heller, who, while a
successful commercial rose merchant, was
also a real rose-man, believing in the rose
as an essential part of sane human life.
He was active not only in the growing and
selling of roses, but in the promotion of
public rose-gardens. His death, August 1,
at seventy-three, removes another of the
"grand old men of the rose." It will keep
the active younger element very busy to
do as well with the rose as Mr. Heller and
other men like him have done.

A German Rose Veteran Dies

Word comes from Germanv of the
death, on August 8, of Max Krause, one
of the prominent rose-breeders of this
generation. Herr Krause, whose name is
known to rosarians the world over
through his originations of the past few
years, sent out from his home in Hasloh,
Holstcin, Germany, a large number of
new roses, several of which reached gardens
in this country.

Probably the best known of his va-
rieties are the three Krauses — Max, Louise
and Edith. Others w^idely distributed
here arc Oswald Sieper and the unfor-
tunate Nigrettc. We understand that Mr.
Krause left a number of meritorious seed-
lings, some of which will probably reach
this country.

Roses by Television

Word comes from London that some of
Mr. Charles H. Rigg's prize-winning roses
were selected by the British Broadcasting
Company to be the first roses ever tele-
vized. Mr. Rigg is a member of the Ameri-
can Rose Society and keeps us posted on
the doings of the new roses in England.

This has been an unusual rose season
in many sections and observing gardeners
have undoubtedly learned a great deal
about the behavior of certain varieties
under abnormal conditions.

These experiences should be valuable
material for the Magazine this winter.
May we hear from you? — The Editors.

Roses for Little Boy Blue

Eugene Field's "Little Boy Blue" is trj liavea
monument of his own in Lovers' Lain, St.
Joseph, Mo., where he will be reunited, at li.ist
in tne thoughts of visitors, with his "littK toy
dog" and his "little toy soldier" waiting all these
years in "the dust of a little chair."

The monument is phinned as a nationjil
Eugene Field memorial and the latest announce-
ment eoncerning it comes from the Federated
Garden Clubs of Missouri, which is indorsing the
project of a rose-garden in the historic spot as a
setting to the statue.

Like many another poet and some composers
of music. Field saw life through the eyes ol child-
hood. I lis poetic moods gave him complete re-
lease from the years in which he was livinj^, so
that he was able to think with the mind of a child
of the faithful toys "each in the same old place,"
and to conceive them as wondering "as they
waited the long years through in the dust ol that
little chair what had become of our Little Bov
Blue since he kissed them and put theni there,"

The fund for the statue and rose-garden is to
be obtained by a $1 nation-wide subscri|>tion
beginning about September 15. The campaign
will be conducted from headquarters of the move-
ment in St. Joseph. The project is indorsed by
the Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri.—
Kansas Cily Star, September 1, 1937.

Additions to the Loan Library

No. 47-8. — Australian Rose Annual for l'^57.
No. 84.— A Rose Odyssey, by J. H. Nicolas.
No. 85. — Yearbook of the Teikoku Rose Society

(Tokyo, Japan) for 1937.
No. 86.— The Rose (Poem), by James W liitconib

Riley.
No. 87. — Making a Rose-Garden, by IK nry II.

Saylor.
No. 88. — Pictorial Practical Rosc-Gr<)\^ inj^, by

Walter P. Wright.
No. 89. — Roses, The Garden Library.
No. 90. — Roses, by H. R. Darlington.

Garden Thoughts

And often in my garden
As the days come to a close,
I try to imagine Heaven
Without a rose.

Its walls of gold and jewels
Would seem a little bare,
•Without the beauty and fragrance
Of a few roses There.

And as I sit adreaming

Of the great Eternity,

I sometimes think it's Here

With the Roses God gave to : i-

— H. N. Stevens, Mohilc Ala.

November^December, 1937

-it

kMA!

,-^J^^

"r t^ Bdiiedhy
^^^ J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

Vol. II— No. 6

What Will You Do For

Your Society?

PROMPT renewal of your membership, using the blank
on page 99, will save money for rose research and
service. Will you do this? ' '

We need to serve many more who could be made better
rose-growers through the American Rose Society. You can
double the membership so far as you are concerned by sending
in one new member. Will you do this too?

The finest Five-Dollar rose bargain in the world is to get
a new member to whom can go for Christmas or, before, the
1937 Annual, the "What Every" book, and other publications.

Doing this promptly does good three ways— to your
friend, to you, and to the American Rose Society.

Make us a double-acting Christmas present!

/^^fUa^^^U^ ?^

JisKedtj The AmericanRose Society, HarrisburiPa

..^ X5< a copy • $L50 a year

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

THE AMERICAN
ROSE MAGAZINE

Edited by

J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

Published bi-monthly by

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Crescent and Mulberry Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

Subscription price: To members of the American Rose
Society 75 cts. a year. 15 cts. a copy, wbicb amount is
included in the annual dues oj $3.50.

To all others: S1.50 a year, 25 cts. a copy. ,

Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Hams-
burg. Pa., under the act of March 3, 1879.

Vol. II. No. 6 1937 November-December

To Each Member

Please save postage and printing for
your Society. Send your 1938 renewal
promptly, making yourself an early
Christmas present. Use the blanks on
pages 99 and 100. But please read "Your
Society in 1938" first. (Next column!)

In the envelope with each 1938 mem-
bership card sent when you renew there
will be an application blank for member-
ship in the Society. Will you use it to get
that new member in 1938?

-THE SECRETARY

The "Proof of the Pudding"

Please hurry your notes for the 1938
"Proof of the Pudding." Report only on
roses Introduced during and since 1933.

If the notes are on 3 by 5-inch cards or
pieces of paper of that size, it will save
considerable work in this office.

— ^The Secretary.

The Rose Midge Problem

We wish to call the attention of the
members in the midge-infested districts
to the fact that the Society is to have the
assistance of Dr. Blauvelt, of Cornell, in
studying the midge problem.

The Society has made an appropriation
from the Commerical Rose Interests Fund
to aid Dr. Blauvelt in carrying on this
work, and a check from Mrs. Edwin C.
Blaisdell, of Portsmouth, N. H., for midge
investigation, has also been turned over to
Dr. Blauvelt.

Your Society in 1938

At the time of going to press, we have
3,140 members— 104 more than we had
at this time last year, a gain of 3V2 per
cent. This is a healthy growth, but there
are literally hundreds of thousands of
people in the United States who grow
roses for pleasure. Many of these would
be glad to have the helpful information in
the publications of the Society if they only
knew about it. The result would be more
and better roses.

How many of your neighbors and
friends have you told about the American
Rose Society? How about giving mem-
berships as Christmas presents this year?
For your convenience application blanks
are printed on the last two pages of this
Mcigazine. One side is for Christmas
gifts, the other side for your own dues for
1938, or it can be used for a new member.
And, remember the end-of-the-year bar-
gain for new members: all of the 1937
publications (mailed at once),
plus full membership for 1938,

for $5. You can give a friend $7 worth
for $5, and that is certainly a fine rose
Christmas present.

If you ask us, you can have the 1937
Annual, **What Every Rose Grower
Should Know," and the current Maga-
zine, all for Christmas morning. Or we
will mail them with your Christmas Card
to your friend.

Important Notice

Members of local rose societies affili-
ated with the American Rose Society
should pay their dues direct to the secre-
tary of the local group, who will in turn
remit to this office. This keeps the records
straight for both organizations.

—THE SECRETARY

A Japanese Beetle Destroyer

From William Schalk, who lives in the
Japanese beetle district at Rutherford,
N. J., comes the report that a spray made
of three teaspoons of Red Arrow in a
gallon of water kills the beetles almost
instantly and does not injure the llowers.
Has anyone else had any success com-
batting this nasty pest? Come along witn
the facts!

The Roanoke Meetings, Oct. 7-9, 1937

THE TRUSTEES' PRELIMINARY MEETING

The Trustees were called to order at 9.20 a. m.
I>\ President Barron. Present in addition were:
Dr. J. Horace McFarland, Dr. T. Allen Kirk,
M. II. Horvath, James C. Clark, Robert Pyle,
S. S. Pennock, Mrs. W. W. Gibbs. and the
Secretary. Various members joined in a tribute
to the late Dr. J. H. Nicolas.

II. A. Piester was elected a Trustee to serve out
thi unexpired term of Dr. Nicolas, and was im-
mediately seated.

The Nicholson Perpetual Challenge Bowl was
assigned to the Niagara Frontier Rose Society,
Bullalo, N. Y., for award by them in 1938.

It was decided that disposition of any under-
stoeks developed by Prof. T. J. Maney, of Iowa
State College, be left in the hands of the officers
or the Society, with the understanding that they
consider the scientific handling of the material
by both Virginia Pohrtechnic Institute at Blacks-
burg, Va., and Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa.

Reports were read of the 1937 judging at
^ ij A.? J , '■^' Hartford, Conn., and Regional
Gold Medal Certificates were awarded to Crim-
A^"c9 '"^* ^"^e. Cochet-Cochet, and Snowbank.
A Silver Medal Certificate was awarded to
Dorothy McGredy; and Certificates of Merit
were given to Summer Snow and Topaz.

The Trustees adopted the report of the Com-
mittee on Prizes and Awards recommending the
awarding of the Society's Gold Medal to Theo-
dore Wirth, originator of the Elizabeth Park
Rose Garden, in Hartford, Conn., for his work
in that and other public rose-gardens, to be pre-
sented to him in the rose-garden at Elizabeth
Park when the American Rose Society visits
there next June. A posthumous Gold Medal was
also awarded to the late Dr. J. H. Nicolas for his
work in advancing the rose. The Committee also
recommended that as there was only $68.33 in the
Dr. Van Fleet Medal Fund, no Van Fleet award

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Dr. J. Horace McFarland and a newspaper lady

be made this year; and as there was only $54 on
hand in the Fuerstenberg Fund that this be held
over until the amount available be at least $100.

The Test Garden Committee recommended
dropping all of the present Test Gardens except
those at Hartford, Conn.; Portland, Ore.; Macon,
Ga.; and Fort Worth, Texas, and adding Test
Gardens at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.;
Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa; and Virginia
Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Va.

It was decided to hold the 1938 meeting as a
pilgrimage, beginning at Harrisburg, Pa., where
the new municipal rose-garden will be dedicated,
then visiting Breeze Hill, the Hershey Rose
Garden, the nurseries at West Grove, Pa., River-
ton, N. J., Rutherford, N. J., and ending at
Elizabeth Park, Hartford, Conn., where Mr.
Wirth's medal is to be presented to him.

Invitations for a meeting were received from

Toronto, Can.; Pensacola, Fla.; and Salt Lake
City, Utah.

The date and place of the annual meetinj^ was
left for later action by the Trustees or its Execu-
tive Committee.

On motion by Mr. Pyle, seconded by Dr. Mc-
Farland, the appointment of a membership com-
mittee was authorized to devise ways and nuans
for increasing the membership.

The report of the Rosarium Committee pre-
sented by the Secretary at the Cleveland meeting,
was read, and Dr. Gamble was called in and made
a further report of progress. Dr. McFarland and
Mr. Horvath botn give encouragement. Dr.
McFarland said that he would have copies of the
plan which had been made for a rose-garden pre-
pared and distributed to the Rosarium (Com-
mittee and the Trustees.

It was moved that the actions of the Execu-
tive Committee and the Trustees during the past
year be accepted as official actions of the Society.

The meeting adjourned at 12.05 p. m. —
R. Marion Hatton, Secretary.

Mrs. Ambrose C. Ford, Edward L. Stone and
Mrs. W. W. Gibbs

THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

The 39th annual meeting of the American
Rose Society, in Roanoke, Va., October 7, 8, and
9, occurred in the Patrick Henry Hotel. Regis-
tration began at 8 a. m., and the Trustees met at
9 A. M. An excellent show of roses in the ballroom
of the hotel, open at 1 1 a. m. to members of the
Society, and at 3 p. m. to the public.

After the announced luncheon, the annual
meeting was convened by President Barron at
2.50 p. M. An address of welcome to Roanoke
by John R. Van Sickler, of the Roanoke Rose
Society, was responded to by President Barron,
who also told of the accomplishments of the
Society, and of its plans. The minutes of the
Trustees* meeting were approved, after which the
members stood a moment in memory of the late
Dr. J. H. Nicolas. The Secretary's and Treasurer's
reports, which here follow, were accepted as read.

The Secretary's Report

The membership report for the year was as
follows:

New Annual Members ^"'^^^

Annual Renewals --^'^'

Honorary Members -^

Life Members '::^

Sustaining Members ^^

Commercial Members "^

Research Members '

5062

The membership for 1937, to Septernlxr 30,
was 3092, against 3006 for the same tune lasi
year, a gain, so far this year, of 86.

The Treasurer's Report, 1937

Cj< neral Fund, deposited with
the Citizens Trust Co.,
Harrisburg, Pa.:
( "hecking Account .... $2279.66
Savings Fund 225.41

$2505.07

S( crc'tary's Contingent Fund:
Checking Account .... $282.10

IVttv Cash 2.94

— 285.04

Acrounts Reserved for Special
Purposes:

I ile Membership $370.80

(,oinmcrcial Rose Interests

I'und 809.35

Dues for Future Years . . 342.00

$2790.11

1522.15

Total Unreserved Funds Available . $1267.96

fJeclion of officers for 1938 then occurred, with
tin- following result:

President • Dr. T. Allen Kirk, Roanoke, Va.
Vice-President . James H. Porter, Macon, Ga.
Treasurer . . S. S. Pennock, Philadelphia, Pa.
Secretary . R. Marion Hatton, Harrisburg, Pa.

Trustees, terms expiring 1940: Forrest L.
Hieatt, San Diego. Calif.; Robert Pyle, West

^'TV.'^-.' ^' ^' Piester, Hartford, Conn.;
C K. McGinnes, Reading, Pa.

There were 774 mail ballots returned, and
Ur. Kirk received 742 votes, Mr. Porter 730,
rcV w "".^^^ ^^^' ^^- Hatton 742, Mr. Hieatt
u r t' ^ ^'"- ^y^^ ^^^' ^"^ Mr. McGinnes 646. The
ballots returned for the late Dr. Nicolas were
assigned to E. A. Piester, who also received the
unanimous vote of the members present.

A report received from W. A. White, in charge
o; the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran-
tine of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, ex-
plained the results of Dr. Weigel's investigation
fnnnl T^ u'^^^ qucstion. (This report will be

A .elsewhere in this Magazine.)

RIV "i M ''J^' ^^^ received from Mrs. Edwin C.
Biaisdell. Portsmouth, N. H., and $100, plus

ilin^' T'^ ""^ '^ necessary, from the Commer-
mJlh ^'Jt^'-^sts Fund was voted to Dr. W. E.
Blduvelt of Cornell, to assist in the study of the
ros^inrdge during 1938. ^

Pi.!/!"' ^""«wing resolution, presented by E. A.
'«»ur a snort discussion.

thcM)?c!!:.nf •J^^V'^HIy without prejudice to

ure o^ "' f'""^'' ^"^ '"^ ^^^ ^^^^^est of the fu-
Lurt 01 this bociety in

'■ i^ntet^^^ its facilities for administering the

sSh t ^^,^^\^^^y varied organization that

itVnature "" ' ^^"^"^^^^^^^ ^^d amateur in

^' tension'' r ^''''^^' 1^^ Promotion of the ex-
tC^hou't thTcoutr '"' "" ^"^^^"

3. And to coordinate more fully all of these
varied interests

4. That the President be and hereby is author-
ized and instructed to appoint (within 30 days)
a committee of five (to which the named chair-
man may add if he so desires) to be designated
as the Constitution Revision Committee.

5. That this Committee be instructed:

(A) To revise both the constitution and the
by-laws, which are now in part inoperative
and in conflict, and submit a report during the
current year.

(B) That there be included a provision for:
(a) Regional representation on the Execu-
tive Board in the person of regional vice-
presidents (regions and the number thereof
being therein suggested or designated).

(6) Official and more specific provision be
made for administration and supervision of

1. Test Roses

2. Rose registration

3. Awards

(cf) Any other provisions that appear proper,
and that this be done, insofar as possible with-
out in any way subordinating the present
dominant independence of action of all classes
of rosarians, and without relinquishing the
prevailing amateur character of the Society.

On motion, a vote of thanks was extended to
the Roanoke Rose Society for their hospitality.

Tr.f, business meeting was closed, and Dr. H.
H. Hill, of Virginia Polytechnic Institute, gave a
lecture on "Soil Reaction Studies in the Roanoke
Test Garden." Remarks were made by Dr.
Drinkard, head of the Virginia Agricultural Ex-
periment Station at the Virginia Polytectinic
Institute, regarding the proposed test-garden at
that institution.

At 5.30 p. M., members left for the Roanoke
Country Club where dinner was served, after
which Mrs. F. L. Keays gave an illustrated lecture
on old roses, which will be summarized in the
next Magazine.

Friday, October 8, the members met in Dr.
Kirk s garden at 9 a. m., after which they returned
to the hotel, and listened to the newly elected Vice-
President, J. H. Porter, tell about the collection
of roses at Porterfield, Macon, Ga.

After luncheon the guests visited the gardens
of J. J. Mclntyre and Mrs. Lawrence S. Davis.
Refreshments were served at the latter.

At 8 p. M.. in the ballroom of the hotel. Dr.
Johnson showed on the screen some beautifully
colored pictures of Roanoke roses and gardens.
Then followed informal talks given by Dr. Gamble.
C. R. McGinnes. J. F. Kafton. Dr. T. Allen Kirk.
H. P. Musser. E. A. Piester, Robert Pyle, and M.
H. Horvath. The meeting adjourned at 1 1.10 p. m.
Saturday morning, October 9. about two
dozen members who had stayed over for the
purpose, were taken to Virginia Polytechnic
Institute at Blacksburg. and shown over the pro-
posed site of the new test-garden.— R. Marion
Hatton. Secretary.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Dormant Sprays for Roses

[Wise words follow, coming from the patient
pathologist who has well served the American Rose
Society. — Editor.]

AT THIS time of year, when thoughts
l\ turn not only to winter protection
-/ V. but to plans, and hopes, for next
season, the question of dormant sprays is
frequently raised. Are they worth while?
Which ones are most effective? How and
when should they be applied?

It is unfortunate that we do not have
more information on this question of dor-
mant sprays for roses. As the situation
stands we do not have answers based
on reliable experimental data. However,
by analyzing the probleni and drawing
from the information available for other
plants and problems, we can secure some
little guidance, at least.

In so far as the inquiries coming to the
attention of the writer are concerned, the
question of dormant sprays centers largely
around black-spot control. With the
black-spot fungus hibernating in the old
leaves on the ground, and in some measure
in lesions on the canes, the question nat-
urally arises as to some ^yay of spraying
or other treatment to eradicate the fungus
from the garden. If this could be done
more effectively than in the raking and
burning of old leaves, combined with
pruning to eliminate the fungus in lesions
on the canes, there would be obvious ad-
vantage, especially if the fungus could be
completely eradicated.

While no careful tests have been con-
ducted with roses, the success in killing
pathogenic fungi in wintering leaves of
other plants gives us so little encourage-
ment that the statement seems warranted
that little hope can be held for this prac-
tice. It is highly improbable that sprays
of the sort that would be safe and readily
handled would kill the black-spot fungus
in the old leaves, assuming all the leaves
could be reached and each and every one
covered with the spray. So the practice
of raking and burning old leaves, as early
in the season as possible, offers more
promise than that of spraying; and there
seems to be nothing to gain by doing both.

There is evidence that spraying dor-
mant plants will not kill the fungus that

may be hibernating in spots on the stems.
This was deomonstrated the past winter
when Dr. E. W. LyIe, working at Cornell
University, dipped the stems of dor-
mant plants in 1 to 10 lime-sulphur so-
lution, after they had been pruned back
to 2 to 3 buds, without success in pre-
venting the fungus from living over and
infecting the foliage the following season.
Even though these dipped roses were
planted in a site well removed from other
roses, and where roses had never been
grown, a considerable number of them
developed spotted foliage during the
summer; and the dipped ones were no
more free from black-spot than the un-
treated ones. If dipping failed, spraying
would be equally ineffective. Further,
the test indicated that the fungus may be
brought into a garden on dormant plants.

If not for black-spot, is dormant
spraying worth while at all? There is no
good evidence to indicate that it is. How-
ever, the possibility of its being of some
value in the control of mildew, canker
diseases, and insects, especially in the
latter case when used as an ovicide, gives
some little encouragement to the gardener
to make the one or two applications that
are frequently made. The preferred mate-
rial is lime-sulphur used at dormant
strength (1 part of the concentrate in 10
parts of water) because of the recognized
ovicidal value of this caustic materiah
Only plants thoroughly dormant and
with matured wood are treated w ith the
material at this strength, the first spray
being made just before the advent ot
freezing weather, and the second im-
mediately after removing the winter
covering and before the buds start m the
spring. In warmer climates where com-
plete dormancy does not develop, a
weaker solution should be used. Lime-
sulphur is preferred to bordeaux ^^'''^^f^\
wettable sulphurs, and other standard
spray materials because of it^ hign
causticity. ^ .

Finally, shall we spray the ground
about the plants? The answer he.e must
be "No" in so far as diseases are conrerned.
The fungi attacking the leaves ana stems
of our rose plants do not live m tie sou,

except in some cases in connection with
dead parts of the plants, and so there is
no object in spraying the soil to eradicate
tlie fungi. In spraymg, attention should
continue to be directed to the protection
of the plant itself during the growing

season.

Progress is being made in developing
and testing more effective and less ob-
jectionable sprays for roses, and it is
hoped this newer information may be
niade available to interested gardeners in
time for their next season's disease-con-
trol programs. — L. M. Massey.

Word comes from Trustee Crump,
Macon, Ga., that **at a meeting of the
Georgia Rose Society in Atlanta on Octo-
ber 20 the Society approved the getting
out of a bulletin, listing the roses that can
be reasonably expected to grow and bloom
satisfactorily, under average garden care,
In this State. We feel that if we are going
to encourage and increase the growing of
roses in this State we have got to do some-
thing definite to assist the beginner and
the average rose-grower, who are pri-
marily Interested in roses that will grow
and bloom for them — and in some mea-
sure prevent the disastrous consequences
of the frequently incorrectly selected
roses.

"The State has roughly been divided
into 1 1 areas. This is a large State, has
many different soil types and many dif-
ferent climatic conditions. What we are
proposing to do is get from each of these
areas a select list of roses that are known
to grow well in such areas. The areas are
rough y defined by the locality of cities,
as tollows: Rome, Gainesville, Atlanta,
Athens, Columbus, Cuthbert, Macon,
Ihomasville, Augusta, Savannah, Wav-
cross. *^

•The present idea is that the first
bulletin will be made up of Hybrid Teas,
etc. 1 he second will contain climbing
roses, principally Teas, Hybrid Teas!
Noisettes, Bourbons, etc., and, of course

will ^ . -^ ^^^ ^^^^y ^yP^^- The third
will contain Teas, Bourbons, Chinas, etc.

thr^? i"^^ .\re proposing to follow on
through with Polyanthas and other mis-
ceHaneous classes.

nuSerf"^'" ^^ ''^ ^"^'"P^ ^^ ^'"^^ the
nurnber of roses, or to recommend any of

TxZfA? ^^^^ *^ '^^^^ th^t they can be
under "" ^'""^ ^"^ ^^^^"^ satisfactorily
"nder average normal conditions. Of

The Georgia Plan

course, unless the rose shows a wide adap-
tation to the State it will not be included
in the list, though the information will be
available to that particular section.

"From the foregoing beginning we do
hope to be able to get our rose-growing in
the State on a firmer foundation, and
make rose-growing in this State more suc-
cessful— ^thereby greatly increasing the
uses for roses and the pleasure in growing
them. In this way we feel that we can in a
small measure justify our existence, and
the time, money and work that we are
mdividually putting into this most de-
lightful of hobbies."

This is certainly bound to be of con-
siderable value to the rose-grower of
Georgia and is something that rose so-
cieties in other states might find worth
copying.

His Rose Experience

I said, **ri\ raise a masterpiece.

Of perfect form, as slick as grease.

And at the rose show, I will take

Jhis bloom and win the Grand Sweepstake,

And folks about my rose will rave.

Long after I am in my grave."

And so I diligently fed

My roses everythmg I read

About, in magazines and books,

T'hat might help to improve their looks.

With fertilizers, dusts and sprays,

I dosed them often and always.

What joy was mine, on that Great Day,
When to the show I made my way.
Jhen people met me and exclaimed.

We know, old man, you can't be blamed;
Those roses must have got some blight;
They really look a holy fright."

And then one evening, as I passed

A half-neglected spot, I gasped;

There, at the back end of my plot,

I saw the fairest of the lot.

It was the truly perfect rose,

Vd dreamed about— well, so it goes I

—Fred Edmunds, Portland, Ore.

Oklahoma Rose Society's Autumn Show

It has been said by those who are supposed to
know that the rose show staged at the Biltmore,
in Oklahoma City, Saturday and Sunday (October
23-24) was the largest that has been held in the
United States in 1937.

Decidedly pleasing to Oklahoma exhibitors
and visitors was the fact that Oklahoma's own
roses were the best exhibited. There were roses
from afar and they did full credit to the noted
nurseries of Tyler and Little Rock and elsewhere,
but the products of the Oklahoma gardens were
the queens of the show. The superiority of these
prairie blossoms ought to convince the last skep-
tic that Oklahoma can produce and is producing
roses as fine as any grown in the country, regard-
less of the stories told of summer's withering
effect upon our local gardens. Of course, roses
are not exactly indigenous to Oklahoma soil, nor
were these impressive prize-winners the products
of luck and accident. The winners who carried

away the prizes have learned by paintaking care
how to grow these floral marvels in the circum-
stances which surround rose-growing in Okla-
homa. They have made themselves acquainted
with the caprices of local soil and climate. They
have learned how to combat and conquer the
destructive insects whose name is legion. And
they are ready to impart to the interested the in-
formation they have gleaned from long expc'r-
ience. Following a rose show of such magnitude
and impressiveness there should be a healthy in-
crease in the membership of the Oklahoiii • rose
society.— Tibe Daily Oklaboman, October 26, 1937.

A Condesa de Sastago was chosen
Queen of the Show and awarded the
American Rose Society's Silver Medal;
the runner-up was a fine bloom of Golden
Dawn. — Ed.

"Rosetime in Birmingham"

Though far away I wander,

No matter where I am,
I want to come home in April,
'Rosetime in Birmingham."

«i

Come back to the Magic City,
In the heart of Alabam*,

For it's rosetime here in April,
"Rosetime in Birmingham."

— J. >> • "•

The Rose Midge as a Pest of Garden Roses

By C. A. WEIGEL, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,

U. S. Department of Agriculture

I^ditor's Note.— The pest here commented on by Dr. Wcigel appears identical with the insect
r( pc^rted on by C. R. Crosby and M. D. Leonard, of Cornell, in the first American Rose Annual,
issued in 1916. These entomologists report the insect as Neocerata rbodopbaga Coq., and as "one
ol till- worst pests with which the rose-grower has to contend," referring to greenhouse rose-grow-
\i^rn ic mf>ntifin thnt the mifiore "has nppn f»«n#»r'fii[Fv ininrirtnc ^q roscs grown in the

ing. There is mention that the midge "has been especially injurious . . . lvj iwsc» giuwn m tnc
()\)vt\ in New York." No control methods for the midge outdoors were proposed, wherefore it
is ci riainiy timely now to work in that direction.

During the past two or three years the Bureau
of luitomology and Plant Quarantine has re-
ceived a number of reports of a new and serious
injury to outdoor-grown roses which is typical of
that caused by the rose midge, Das\/neura rbodo-
pbaga (Joq., an insect that has long been a serious
(X'st of greenhouse-grown roses. The officers of
the Anurican Rose Society also report that in-
quiries regarding the control of this injury on
garden roscs are becoming more frequent. It
appears, therefore, that if the rose midge is in-
volved, it is becoming more prevalent and is
causing considerable damage as a pest of garden
roses. Thus far, no specimens of the insect in-
volved have accompanied the inquiries received,
and in most cases the injured rose shoots were
sent in or the nature of the injury caused was
described. No opportunity was therefore had to
rear adults upon which to make a specific
identification.

There are only one or two early records avail-
able indicating that this greenhouse rose pest is
capable of attacking garden roses. Its occurrence
as such is therefore unusual. Just why this
change in habit has taken place is not now known.
From the data now available it appears that this
insect restricts its attacks to Hybrid Tea roses.

Since 1935 the rose midge has been reported as
'"/uring garden roses from Grand Rapids, Mich.;
Elyria, Ohio; and Clifton Springs, Buffalo, and
Long Island, N. Y. Last July it was recorded for
the first time from Indianapolis, Ind. In some of
these cases the infestation was said to have been
ol two to three years' standing.

As IS the case with the midge on roses grown
under glass, the new shoots, including the ffower-
and leaf-buds, are attacked as soon as they
aevelop. Such new growth becomes distorted and
later turns brown and dies. As a result no flowers
are borne on infested plants. Injury apparently
starts early m the season and continues until frost.

une bed of roses of the variety Betty Uprich-
ard examined in a planting on Long Island early

August, had no blooms whatever, as all new
growth was attacked and killed as soon as it ap-

ii^Jnr.^^^" ^^'^ infestation was examined
again late in September, injury was still evident.
thl ir"^""" '■^P^^'ted that owing to the ravages of
' !' '"'''"\P'-^*^ticaIIy no flowers had been cut this

Uonvt. I ^^'^-, P^f^tJng the variety Betty
everv hnd ''"•"'? "^ '^^ ^^^^^^^ "^««t' ^^^^ almost
or mnr. '"■ '""h^^^ portion examined bore one
larvTwor. 7*'^'" some instances six to eight
in. ir ^"""""^ i^ ^ ^"^- ^her varieties grow-
■ng nearby were also infested, but not so severely.

These included Etoile de MoIIande, Mme. But-
terfly, Jonkheer J. L. Mock, and Ville de Paris.
Dorothy Page-Roberts and Duchess of Welling-
ton were attacked only very lightly, whereas
Lady Alice Stanley seemed free. The new growth
of Polyantha roses showed evidences of earlier
injury, but no larva? could be found in the shoots
examined.

In another case brought to our attention the
infestation was so heavy a few weeks ago that the
grower was able to collect myriads of larvae from
one branch.

According to information received in corres-
pondence with a rosarian from New York State,
a fine June bloom was had which extended into
July. Soon thereafter the damage from the rose
midge became apparent, and for the remainder of
July and through August a 100 per cent loss of
flowers was experienced in a planting of several
thousand plants.

We have also learned recently that the midge
did much damage this year in a garden at Grand
Rapids, Mich. In this instance it was stated that
there are never many larvae in a new growth or
bud at one time, but always enough to keep the
rose-garden looking moth-eaten.

Although no detailed studies under outdoor
conditions have thus far been possible, it is be-
lieved that the development and life history of
the insect may be similar to what it is under glass,
a summary of which is as follows:

The adult, or midge, is a fragile two-winged
insect about ys inch long, of a yellowish color,
with head and fore part of the body tinged with
brown. The adult female has a long ovipositor,
which is used in laying the small yellowish eggs,
barely visible to the naked eye, on succulent
growth, under the sepals of the flower-buds, and
on the axils of tender leaves, or between the un-
folded leaves of the leaf-buds. The eggs hatch in
2 days, and the young maggots, or I arvse, im-
mediately begin to feed at the base of the flower-
buds or on the upper side of the tender leaves and
leaf petioles, causing them to become distorted,
turn brown, and die. An infested bud, upon
close examination, will often reveal from 20 to 30
tiny white maggots. These reach maturity in
about a week and are then of an orange color,
legless, and ^ inch long. They then work their
way out of the bud and fall to the ground, which
they enter, construct a small white cocoon, and
pupate. In from 5 to 7 days they appear as adults
and subsequently egg-laying takes place. The
life-cycle requires from 12 to 16 days in green-
houses.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Since we have had no exf>erience in the control
of this pest under outdoor conditions, no definite
recommendations can be made at this time. In
lieu thereof the following suggestions are offered:

Prompt removal ana burning of all infested
shoots and buds will prevent the maggots within
such growth from reaching the soil and com-
pleting their development, thus causing later re-
mfestation. Advantage may be taken of the lar-
val habit of entering the ground to pupate by
mulching the rose-beds in the spring and early
summer with tobacco dust. To be most effective,
the bed should be cultivated and the surface made
as smooth as possible before the tobacco dust is
applied. The mulch should be left undisturbed
for two weeks before cultivating again, so that
the maggots in the soil or those that fall to the
ground during this period will be killed.

In some recent tests at Long Island, where
weekly applications of dusts containing rotenone
and pyretnrum were made, the plants began pro-
ducing more flowers. Whether this increase in
flower production was due directly to this in-
secticidal application or to the reduced activity

of the insects caused by the cooler weather has
not been definitely determined, because all the
plants were receivmg the same treatment.

E. I. McDaniel, of the Michigan State College
of Agriculture and Applied Science, has stated in
a recent letter that experimentally carbon di-
sulphide emulsion has proved very successful in
eliminating this pest. This treatment was not
tested on a field basis, however.

Whether the recent practice of heavy mulch-
ing of the beds with manure, straw, etc., during
the winter to prevent freezing injury has any re-
lation to the successful overwintering of the pupae
is not known at this time. It may be possible for
the larvae and pupae to survive under the heavy
protective covering, and this may partially ex-
plain the increasing number of recent outbreaks
of this pest on roses.

It is hoped that these suggestions will give
those interested in this problem a t)etter under-
standing of this new insect menace of garden
roses. The Bureau of Entomology and Plant
Quarantine will be glad to hear from rosarians
who are experiencing trouble with this insect.

The Great Porterfield Rose-Garden

Good Roses in Vermont

The season in Vermont has indeed been
very good for roses, there being heavy
rainfalls with enough frequency to keep
the beds sufficiently w^et without watering.

I sprayed with Tri-ogen every week
since the middle of June, and, with the
exception of one corner of a new rose-bed,
my roses are practically free from black-
spot. Last year I used the same protection
and also went through the season without
the disease, that being the first time such
was the case in fifteen years of rose-
growing.

Here Crimson Glory has been true to
its name. All of my four plants have
bloomed continuously all summer, and
are still, at this late date, covered with
buds, giving us gorgeously fragrant blos-
soms on fairly good stems. The same can
be stated with reference to Countess
Vandal, Carillon, and Rochester — all
have proved very satisfactory. President
Herbert Hoover has been wonderful con-
tinuously, and is just now shooting up
truly regal blooms. Condesa de Sastago
and Duquesa de Penaranda have both
grown very well and bloomed profusely.
Mme. Emile Daloz was the loveliest
glistening pink rose I ever saw during
the first blooming season; however, it has
been one of the few plants which black-
spotted badly.

There are about 200 roses in my garden,
and at this writing I am rather breathless
from the beauty of the late blooms, al-
though realizing that the plants may have
been weakened for safely undergoing
Vermont winters; but I still accept the
flowers with gratitude. — C. W. S afford,
Springfield, Vt., Oct. 6, 1937.

Trouble in Illinois Gardens

Mrs. James O. Bailey, of Watseka, Ills.,
reports that practically all new growth on
her rose bushes the past season blasted
and disappeared; if buds did form, they
either blasted or developed into mal-
formed blooms. She says the troul)le oc-
curred on all roses — Hybrid Teas, liybrid
Perpetuals, Rugosas, and Climbers. Her
plants are healthy; in fact, the plant-
growth has been the best it has been in
years, but she has had scarcely any
flowers.

Is this the work of the rose mid^-ic? The
reader is referred to the Weigel paper on
page 93.

We should like to hear from other mem-
bers in Illinois and Indiana regarcimgthe
behavior of their plants this year.

Will some of our members in tiie juidge-
affected section of New York advise n
this is the way the midge affects their
plants? — The Secretary.

"\ TUCH interest is felt in the rose-
\/| garden maintained at Porter-
1 V A field, about nine miles south of
M'lcon, Ga., by James H. Porter, vice-
president-elect of the American Rose
So{ iety. His associate and superintendent,
J. D. Crump, had prepared an address,
to l)c delivered at the Roanoke Annual
Meeting, October 7-9. In his absence, Mr.
Porter read the address to those present
Oetober 9, as follows:

\'()u are primarily interested in knowing what
we have learned about the rose while building
such a rose-garden as Porterfield — a garden that
contains more that 10,000 plants, in 1,456 varie-
ties (1,195 bushes, 231 climoers and 26 standards)
with one or more representatives of practically
every variety now being grown, and including a
few of the better-known species roses.

While Porterfield has its beauty, as would
naturally be the case with so many roses in bloom,
it was projected with the idea in mind of finding
out what roses would best be suited to the South-
east, jis well as determining the appropriate uses
to which they could be put in our section.

In our efforts to find out at Porterfield what
roses were best suited to this section, we have re-
frained from coddling any of them, believing that
if our experience there is to be of any real value.
It were better for them to receive only such care
as one could expect them to receive in the garden
of the average amateur.

V\'hiie some of the rose varieties are grown in
practically every civilized country of the world,
no mven variety can be classed as universal.
t,ven members of the same variety do not always
behave equally well in all sections of this country.
VVe believe that the majority of roses that can be
grown m the United States are more or less sec-
tion.lI ,n their likes and dislikes.

1 his prompts us to ask why America has drop-
ped the term "Pernetiana." Other nations have
not (lone so. Are we not just as competent to tell
vvnen a rose carries a preponderance of this blood
as tney arc? This information is important to us,
much inore so before than after purchasing these
thev'. ''^ Porterfield. with rare exceptions,
tney are notorious in their misbehavior.

1 he 1 (, yanthas and Hybrid Polyanthas, both
in lar^e-flowered and small-clustered types, con-

ectL " r ^}}^^^^ ^."^ ^^'y adaptable to our

are : S'^ becoming very popular. They

m dHv f "''^^.^^^^"sively in mass planting, both

a fm ; II ^^'■^^'"^/"d public parks, and we have

"nt collection of these roses at Porterfield.

occasu.n '.IK 1 ^°"8 8^0^^"^ ^^^^"' ^"<^ while we
o^c ; ^'K'T ^^^T ^'^"^ f^ee^eS' principally
e^riv III t ^^ ^^^^ ?^ sufficient cold weather in
spelf in i.t P.'"^Pe''^y "mature them, or a warm
pen in i ,te winter starting them into too early

growth, this is not one of our principal problems.
The problem is that a rose, to be adapted to such
a section as ours, must have good foliage.

It then follows that in these sections of tem-
perate, long growing seasons we should feature
the so-called "tender" (tender in only certain
sections) or "everblooming" types of climbing
roses. They are peculiarly adapted to our sec-
tion, so we are constantly adding to our collec-
tion at Porterfield this type of climbing rose, with
the hope of encouraging their more general use.

Living in a section of long temperate seasons,
we naturally select high elevations for our homes,
to get the benefit of summer breezes. Good
drainage is not a problem; it is the rule and not
the exception witn us. Porterfield is located on
a high plateau, wherefore sufficient moisture
becomes the problem, and roses here suffer more
from this cause than all others put together.
For every rose we lose on account of wet feet,
we lose thousands because they do not ever have
wet feet. During the growing season you could
hardly drown a rose here when it is in full growth.
It is our experience that hard pruning is a mis-
take; certainly the first year. Further, we always
request that our stock be shipped to us at Porter-
field unpruned. and if it hasn't sufficient root-
svstem. or is dried out, it should not have been
shipped at all. It is important when dealing with
Hybrid Tea and similar climbers that they be
shipped un-pruned. for entirely too many of them
revert and fail to climb due to too severe pruning
at planting-time. We confidently recommend
making a mistake on the side of light pruning
rather than to run the risk of pruning too neavily.
In this part of the Southeast the general agri-
cultural practice has produced a neutral or alka-
loid soil condition, wnereas we believe from our
experience at Porterfield and in the city parks
of Macon that a slightly acid soil is preferred
by roses.

We believe it is hazardous for anyone to pro-
nounce finally on a new rose that has been grown
only one year in any given section: instead, we
insist that a rose should be under observation for
two full growing seasons before judgment is pro-
nounced. Too often we have seen a rose make a
reasonably fair showing the first year, and then
increasingly deteriorate until it finally disappears.
We find we have made a great mistake in dis-
carding or neglecting some of the old Teas,
Bourbons, Chinas, Noisettes, and others, for now
we find that nowhere are they more congenial or
more at home than here. Indeed, many of these
old varieties have not yet been surpassed for our
section. While we are meeting with difficulties,
we continue to assemble at Porterfield a repre-
sentative collection of these older roses. We are
bringing them in from many foreign countries
from wherever we can secure them, and we have
a large collection. We hope through presenting
their merits to make them again available to this
section.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

A Rosarian Pleads for High Standards

[The Editor here adds a loud Amen to all that Mr. Lester tells us.]

Three Rose -Growing Generations

The above snapshot is of three genera-
tions of the Weinman family, of Indianola,
Iowa, who exhibited at the Iowa Rose
Society's Rose Show at Des Moines last
summer. C. K. Weinman is a charter
member of the Iowa Rose Society, a pio-
neer rose-grower who is beloved by the
rosarians of his state. A kindly adviser to
the members of the Iowa Society, his ex-
hibition was not in competition, but his
son, Harry C. Weinman, a past-president
of the Iowa Rose Society, carried off the
sweepstakes, winning first in eight classes,
second in two, and third in two.

Jim Weinman, the boy in the picture,
furnished stiff competition for his father
in several classes, and won one second and
three third prizes.

A little bird whispered to us that if Jim
had some decent plants to start with he
would clean up every rose show in the
Middle West, as his little garden is
planted with discards, and the four prizes
he walked away with in June were for
blooms he grew from plants his father
had thrown away. Can any other of our
members match the Weinman record,
or better it?

Selling Better Plants for Better Success

An Ohio rose-grower, in reporting the
enjoyment he had on a trip through cer-
tain eastern gardens in the spring of 1937,
says some things are unappreciated not
only by those w^ho plant roses but by
those who sell roses for planting. Here
follow some of this gentleman's remarks:

**I came home filled with new zest,
hopes, and desires to possess some of the
new varieties. Am pleased to note that
rnany of the recent introductions are more
vigorous and more floriferous. That is
what the purchaser wants in roses.
Equally important is the handling of the

plants by the growers. Too many plants
shipped out by large reputable «aowers
are half dead and their vitality stunted
before shipment, either by exposure in
harvesting or in storage.

"I estimate that fully 50 per cent of a
the roses that I purchase each yrir will
either die the first year or prove w ;rthless
through lack of vitality; thus you can see
why I myself propagate some of tl e roses
used."

Here again is the necessity for further
and more vigorous insistence on sound,
well-harvested, carefully stored plants.

MAY I add a few words to the in-
teresting things that have been
said and written about the Rules
for Exhibitions and Awards?

Personally, I am glad to see fragrance
recognized at last in our standards for
judging, for it is a step in the right direc-
tion, but we are still far from the ideal
plan.

Whether or not it is a wise practice, we
ail know that the rose show, which is our
only public demonstration of rose values,
is perhaps the one greatest influence that
controls the amateur in his plantings.
Far too many decide on planting a cer-
tain rose solely because they see a perfect
bloom in a show, without knowing even
whether it was grown under glass or out-
doors, or any information as to its virility,
frequency of bloom, or disease-resisting
qualities; and if, for information, he con-
sults the catalogues of growers he finds the
amazing condition that all are good!

The rose show is our greatest agency
for increasing the popularity of the rose,
yet we regulate its standards of compari-
son and awards by a system of points
that tells nothing about the most impor-
tant things an amateur should know when
he selects his plantings. And we go joy-
ously on, year after year, glorifying by
special awards those roses that excel in
torm, color and substance, that yet may
be utterly lacking in vitality. A glance at
the lists of novelties for the past twenty
years is like looking into a record in ne-
crology! Why should not greater recog-
nition be given in our points of judging to
those roses that may still come dose to
wmning the honors, yet have a noble past
bS?""^ ^^r^^ity and profuse, recurrent

ro.l"'^ T^^\^^^^^ ^^^ old-fashioned
roses, rich in historical interest and tra-
dition and close association with the lives

oast t'? u' humankind for centuries "
past but which, ,f exhibited at a show,
are staged more as curiosities than any-

thing else? I have seen them often, set
apart or in some obscure corner, as though
they were merely oddities. They seem to
wear a contented smile that says, "Oh,
you moderns, how little you know about
our past, and how we have shaped your
affairs; how little you realize that your
god of form, with its fully double, high-
centered bloom, can never possess the
beauty of the single rose which still, as
always, reigns supreme in art!"

Always after judging a show I have felt
as though, passing from a beauty-shop
with its false front to the genuineness of
Nature, I should go into my garden and,
down on my knees, apologize to the
old roses for the disdainful treatment ac-
corded them by this modern world! There
should be some recognition of the asso-
ciation value of a rose for, unless I am
sadly mistaken, there are many amateurs
who would rather have in their garden, as
they can, a duplicate of the rose that
grows today on the grave of Omar Khay-
yam at Nishapur, or the rose of which
Moore wrote his immortal "Last Rose of
Summer" than to attempt to grow, with
probable failure, that rose perfect in form
and substance that won the champion cup.
How we are to bring these things about
is another story. But I do most earnestly
maintain that those of us who have any-
thing to do with a rose show, whether as
judges or otherwise, should assume a re-
sponsibility for the furtherance of the real
cause of the rose.

A rose show above everything else
should tell the truth about its exhibits and
not entice an amateur along false paths,
for it should help and not hinder, first and
last, the amateur — the owner of that little
humble garden where many a prize-
winner can never be grown to perfection
by our present standards, whereas an
humbler kind will bring color and fra-
grance and gladness for most of the year,
and where, after all, the rose fulfils its
greatest purpose. — Francis E. Lester.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Your Christmas Presents?

"Roses of the World in Color'* is Dr. McFarland's presentation of 625 roses he
knows or believes in, with candid descriptions as well as wonderful color pictures.
There is a bit of history, suggestions for planning, placing, ground preparation, etc.

Some comments follow. Those who order this book, sending $3.75 to the American
Rose Society before December 10, can have the beautiful book autographed by its
author on request. (Dr. McFarland does not personally profit by the sale of this hook.
The American Rose Society does.)

"Roses of the World in Color" has 320 pages, with 324 pictures in color and black,
and descriptions of 557 roses, in addition to cultural directions. Published by the
Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, but obtainable from the American Rose Society,
Harrisburg, Pa., for $3.75, postpaid.

"Something unique. ... A feast of beauty
for the eyes, possession of this gorgeous book is
the next thing to owning a well-stocked rose-
garden. . . . The author . . . says that he has
made the book 'virtually a condensed dictionary
of rose varieties known to be adaptable to many
parts of America, or that have a defmite historic
value.'. . . For a holiday gift to a flower-loving

friend, nothing more resplendent could
suggested." — Boston Herald.

"The book is fascinating and surprising. Fas-
cinating because of its many beautiful illustra-
tions in color of roses we do not know. Fascinating
in the freshness of its phraseology in describing
the rose."^ — My Garden, London, England.

The Dollar Wonder Rose Book

"How to Grow Roses," the eighteenth
edition, enlarged and entirely rewritten
by Dr. J. Horace McFarland and Robert
Pyle, is just published.

Although earlier editions of this stand-
ard "How to" book may be known to
many members, this fresh and up-to-the-
hour rewritten and well color-illustrated
issue is sure to prove most helpful. Also,
it is a mighty nice gift to give a friend
who can with it be assured of rose success.
Note the twelve vital chapters:

I low to Use Roses
How to Obtain Roses
How to Locate Rose Planting and Pre-
pare the Ground
I low to Phint Roses
How to Label and Do Other Things
How to Care for Roses in Summer
How to Fight Rose Pests
How to Protect Roses in Winter
How to Prune Roses
How to Select Roses
How to Learn More About Roses
How to Have a Municipal Rose-Garden

The publishers, the Macmillan Com-
pany, have, by printing a large edition,
cut the price of this better edition in half.
It can be bought of the American Rose
Society in Harrisburg for $1.00, postpaid.
Ordered before December 15, it can nave
Dr. McFarland's autograph on request.

A Rose Odyssey

Dr. Nicolas' last book, "A Rose Odys-
sey," which was published just a few
months before his death, is quite dillerent
from any rose book ever written l^cfore.
It is not a book of instructions about how
to grow roses or what varieties to plant,
although it does contain a short chapter
entitled "What Soil and Fertilizer for
Roses?" but is an entertaining Noiunie
full of information about European roses,
rose shows, rose-gardens, and the people
who originate the new roses.

Dr. Nicolas was a native of France and
made many trips to the rose centers oi
western and central Europe and the
British Isles, and repeatedly visited all
the prominent rose people.

Members of the American Rose Societv
will not only find this an interest i/ij^ booK
to read, but it will give them an insight
into the people who have produced so
many of our roses. ,

"A Rose Odyssey" may be .ecured
from the Secretary's office at the puh-
lishers' price of $2.50, postpaid.

The Rose Manual

Another of Dr. Nicolas' book,-. The
Rose Manual is obtainable at $2.-A)-

Fred Edmunds and Will Knight

Roses in Oregon

The above picture is of Fred Edmunds,
Curator of the International Rose-Test
Garden, and Will Knight, a leading
Portland businessman, in the garden at
Portland, Ore. (See also Mr. Edmund's
candid little verse on page 91.)

One of Mr. Knight's interests in Port-
land IS the city's leading shoe store, and
Mr. Edmunds tells us that on the lid of
every shoe-box going out of the Knight
store IS a picture of a rose, and beneath it
the slogan "For You a Rose in Portland
Grows."

In a recent talk before the Chamber of
Commerce of Portland, Ore., Rosarian
Edmunds called the attention of his lis-
teners to the commercial importance of
the rose in Oregon. Quoting from statis-
tics compiled by the State Government,
he showed that the nursery industry
ranked fourth of all the industries of the
state, exceeding both fishing and mining.

He mentioned how readily a million
dollars was spent to install a fish-ladder
for the salmon to climb the new Bonne-
ville-Columbia river dam, yet the salmon
industry is declining. If the present Gov-
ernment's "lie down and take it" policies,
permitting huge Japanese floating can-
neries to operate ofl'-shore, is the proper
thing, the salmon of Oregon would soon
rank along with the dodo, as it had done
where these canneries with their miles of
seines had operated elsewhere. The nur-
sery industry, on the other hand, is ex-
panding faster than this ill-fated one is
declining.

A Texas Fall Rose Sunday

On September 26 there was a display of
roses in the Garden Room of the Trinity
Presbyterian Church, of Dallas, Texas,
followed by a rose service in the main
auditorium of the church for the general
congregation.

The attention of rose-lovers is called to
this novel and pleasing occasion. The
roses were on display in the church from
5 to 7 p. M., after the service in the audi-
torium at 11 A. M. This autumn Rose
Sunday was dedicated to the memory of

ECRETARY, American Rose Society, Harrisburg, Pa.
Herewith my dues for 1938, as checked below:

□ Annual
$3.50

^or which I enclose $.
Name.

□ 3 Years
$10.00

□ Sustaining
$10.00

□ Life
$60.00

Address^

Make checks payable to the American Rose Society [see also other side]

100

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

W. P. Maloney, late president of the
Dallas Rose Lovers' League, who was also
a member of Trinity Church.

Using a well-known hymn, Molly
Anderson Haley has adapted it to this
situation as follows:

Speak to my heart through gardens, till I see
The shame of service rendered grudgingly;
Turn from the selfishness that could forget
A lifetime were too short to pay my debt,
Beholding how from bud to petal-fall.
Proud poppies flame with joy at giving all.

Out of the grace of gardens, make me wise
To learn, as larkspur mirrors mist-blue skies
Here in my place. Thy holy ground, I, too.
May lift a life that as a mirror true
Reflects the beauty of that blessed One
Who in a garden prayed, "Thy wiH be done."

Teach me in dewy silences to know

On the pruned bush the loveliest roses grow.

That when the shears of sorrow shaU be laid

Against my life, serene and unafraid,

A sturdier faith shaH flower there and be

A richer crimson in my love for Thee.

Good Advice to Everyone

The fine world rosarian, R. A. Nicholson,
who presented the American Rose Society
with the lovely trophy known as the
Nicholson Bowl, and who, though in
poor health, keeps alive his rose interest,
writes :

"I know what bhick-spot can do in a garden of
roses. The year before I left Victoria (B. C), the
whole of my five hundred rose plants were com-
pletely defoliated by bhick-spot. I took the
blame. Why? Never wait until disease attacks
the plants; get going with the spraying before
the disease appears; don't give it a chance, and I
smile as I write this. How often have I practiced

what I preach? Not very often ; one delays, hoping
that the dreaded black-spot will not appear, and
then one is caught. Delay is an ugly word, almost
a sin; indeed in some cases it is."

Mr. Nicholson, who has grown roses all
over the world, now resides at Rainham,
Kent, England, where he has made a new
rose-garden.

Addition to the Loan Library

No. 4 — How to Grow Roses, by J.
Horace McFarland and Robert Pyle.
Eighteenth Edition.

Dependable in Tennessee

Dr. W. H. Brundige, of Chattanooga,
Tenn., recommends the following varie-
ties for that section:

Betty Uprichard

Edith Nellie Perkins

Etoile de Hollande

Feu Pernet-Ducher

Kaiserin Auguste Viktoria

Lady Alice Stanley

Mrs. Charles Bell

Radiance

Charles K. Douglas

Mme. Jules Bouche

Mrs. Pierre S. du Pont

Margaret McGredy

McGredy's Scarlet

Mrs. Henry Bowles

Mrs. Sam McGredy

President Herbert Hoover

He recommends planting in December
and hilling up immediately for winter.

GIFT MEMBERSHIP

Secretary, American Rose Society, Harrisburg, Pa.
Please enroll

MR., MRS., MISS

of.

STREET

TOWN

STATE

as a member for 1938, as checked below.

n Annual n 3 Years n Sustaining □ Life D Special

$3.50 $10.00 $10.00 $60.00 1937 and 1938, ?5.W

for which I enclose $

Gift Card to me □ to new member □

NAME

Make checks payable to the Amtricifn Kost Socitty

[see also other side]

ill

K%-

'//

Januaryi^Pdbruary, 1938

1. • »

■^M^

. V Editedhy

Vj\^^^ J« Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

Vol. II— No. 7

What About the

Annual ?

'T^HE answer is that it is coming along rapidly, and with
-L the "best-ever" rose news. If the foreign contributors
we are waiting for deliver as promised, this rich and up-to-date
book will come to members by the end of February. France,
Germany, Italy, England, Australia make live comment.

"Proof of the Pudding" is extensive and very lively. We
hear about 240 roses from 102 contributors in 32 states, and
they are talking right out in meeting.

There will be a guide to the identification of old roses,
written by Mrs. Keays. The famous English writer. Miss
Eleanour S. Rohde, suggests Roses and Delphiniums.

A study of how roses are stored and handled after harvest-
ing will tell the methods used by the largest growers. It will
be a step toward better roses for all of us.

Please, please, read the Secretary's page. You'll want to
use the new Invitation form for bringing in a friend.

JhUi.^^ju'Jy^^jj^,

'lisKedt^ The American Rose Society, HarrisburiPa

•$1.50 avear °

15 <?

copy

102

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

THE AMERICAN
ROSE MAGAZINE

Edited by

J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

Published bi-monthly by

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Crescent and Mulberry Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

Subscripti«»n price: To members of the American Rose
Society 75 cts. a year, 15 cts. a copy, which amount is
included in the annual dues oj Sl-iO.

To ail others: $1.50 a year, 25 cts. a copy.

Entered as .second-class matter at the Post Off ice at Harris-
burg, Pa., under the act of March 3, 1879.

Vol. II. No. 7

1938 January-February

Important Notice

This issue of the Magazine is being
mailed to all 1937 members. The March-
April issue and the 1938 Annual, which
will be out soon, will go only to those
whose 1938 dues have been paid.

To save the Society the expense of
sending out bills, won't you please remit
your 1938 dues promptly. (There is a
coupon on the last page for your use.)

—THE SECRETARY

P. S. Members of Affiliated and Sus-
taining Member Societies should pay
their dues to their local Societies.

Names

Abol, Amber, Boncenne, Betty,
Carmelit.'i, Coral, Cherry.
Dakar, Dazia, Dance of Joy,
Madame Andre de Halloy.
FIufTy Ruffles, Constance Casson,
Souvenir de la Malmaison.
Gotha, Grenadier, Hermosa,
Duchcsse de Vallombrosa.
Ecstasy, Etoile de Feu,
Felicite et Perpetue.
Fancy, Fanny, Fireglow,
Patience, Padre, Blanche Moreau.
Independence Day, Pax Labor,
Kootenay, Kidway, Aroma;
Cheerful, Charmer, Lafavette,
ISlancy, New Dawn, Night, Nigrette.

— Fred Edmunds

We need "copy" for the March-April
Magazine.

Articles that would be of interest to
other members will be welcomed.

— The Secretary

A Pilgrimage

The Horticultural Society of New ^'ork
is sponsoring a Garden Lovers* Pilgrimage
to Europe, leaving New York on April 26
and returning from Southampton on
June 2. This Pilgrimage will take in the
bulb-fields and shows of Holland, a week
in Paris, and another week in London.
The Pilgrimage is to be under the leader-
ship of our Past President, Leonard
Barron.

Any of our members interested should
write the Horticultural Society of New
York, 598 Madison Avenue, New \'ork
City.

E. S. Boerner Heads Jackson &
Perkins Co.*s Research Department

Mr. Eugene S. Boerner has been ap-
pointed head of the Research Department
of the Jackson & Perkins Co., Newark,
N. Y., assuming the duties of the late
Dr. Nicolas, in addition to the work with
perennials which he has been directing lor
some time.

Members of the American Rose Society
w]\\ wish Mr. Boerner, who is an enthusi-
astic member of the American Rose
Society, all success in his work. — R. M. H-

Secretary's Membership Report
for 1937

\UMnl>c'rship
Dvc. n. 195'-

127

The President's Message

Membership

Class

Dec

31, 1937

Annual New . . .

630

Annual Renewals

2312

Honorary Members

Life Members . . .

124

Sustaining Members

Commercial Members

Research Members .

3183 50^2

Net Membership Gain for 1937 121

Treasurer's Report of Cash Balance
in Bank and on Hand, Dec. 311937

General Fund $3207. 1 :>

Secretary's Fund 76.60

.-32S3.73

Accounts Reserved for Special ^ .^^ -j

Purposes ^ '

Total Funds Availablo Sb?.-

TET'S visit awhile! Visiting, the ex-
I cliange of ideas and comparison of
I — ^ results, leads to improvement and
progress. If we were to see and know only
our own results, we would never find out
whether we are achieving all that we
could; we could never be accomplished
judges, or have real rose appreciation.

Only by an exchange of ideas can we
improve. Let's visit in 1938 all rose gar-
dens possible and, incidentally, in addi-
tion to learning, let's invite every worth-
while rose gardener to join our Society.
There are many who would make desir-
able permanent members, with benefit to
themselves as well as to us if they were
given an opportunity to join. Let's visit
them, cordially invite them to visit us and
join our Society.

Whether you have a local society or not,
visit other growers. Organize and join in
rose pilgrimages if possible, and learn
niore about rose excellence.

Ihe Roanoke Rose Society established
Hose Planting Week about twelve years
ago to encourage rose-growing. Why not
a National Rose Planting Program?
It works well here!

Let's have rose shows, and still more
rose shows! They are very valuable meas-
ures of horticultural and often of varietal
excellence, are educational and stimulat-
ing to the public as well as to ourselves,
and are great sport. Every community
should have a Rose Show, or even two —
spring and fall — every year. Indeed, we
do not kno^y the rose and appreciate it
until we see it at its best, and a rose show
produces the best roses.

Our Society has going Test Gardens and
Experimental Grounds where a study of
our problems is being undertaken. More
and more information, varietal and cul-
tural, will be available to us. Our mem-
bership will become still more and more
valuable, and we will all grow more and
better roses. The Society is constantly
and more intensively striving to learn and
disseminate accurate information.

Let's be alive and active, let's trade
ideas, let's know the rose, let's prove it at
the shows. Only those who know the rose
carl appreciate and judge it. Plan now to
visit, to encourage rose-growing, and to
have rose shows. Let's go!

— ^T. Allen Kirk.

10,000 American Rose Society Members, If

An Imaginary Conversation Between President Kirk and Joseph A. Brandt

Dk Kirk: . . . but what you are proposing
1^ rc.illy a new deal in roses?

Mh Brandt: Not at all. I want the work
tnat lias been done at the Harrisburg head-
qu.irtcTs properly recognized by the American
xopc. You know, the American Rose Society
las been more fortunate than it deserves in
i;>vin<r the uninterrupted and generous service
LT. Alcbarland and his Harrisburg associates
have- given the rose all these years.

Uh Kirk: But you must know the member-
Am ■ '" I. "^"o ^pnderfully responsive. The
Amcric.in Rose St)ciety—

Mh. Brandt: The American Rose Club would
DC a belter name. Doctor Kirk. What is our
thm 4'?1k? ""^- ^^"™^ ^'500, isn't it? Less

3i(KH)( J TTl """"^ ^f ^ population of

i^w o^M),(K)(), all of whom need roses! The trouble

s tl e members have anticipated the national

^r t o i,,^,„ Uncle Sam do the job, by letting

w overworked and unpaid officers do all the

Dr. Kirk: But 10,000 membersi
Mr. Brandt: Yes; 10,000 members of the
American Rose Society by January, 1939. That's
what I propose. And that means a million more
rose plants set out in 1939.

. Dr. Kirk: Don't wake me up! It's a wonderful
idea. As a former newspaperman, I suppose you
have a few ideas of just how we're going to get
10,000 members.

Mr. Brandt: Yes, I have some; and I'm sure
there are other members who may have even
better ideas! It won't hurt to flirt with these
ideas, anyway. Maybe we can work up a real
romance between the Society and the 6,500 per-
sons we want to join up in a hurry.

Dr. Kirk: "Fire when ready, Gridley!"

Mr Brandt: First, let's have a National
Rose Week.

Dr. Kirk: What, another week?

Mr. Brandt: Yes, another week. I agree
with you that we have entirely too many "weeks"
for this freak idea and that freak scheme. But

104

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

since that's the accepted American way of doing
things, let's have a rose week. Perhaps it should
be held in June, at a time when all rose societies
over the country could have rose shows. Let's
get up some attractive posters for these shows,
advertising the American Rose Society. And we
can work some good slogansl As the matter
stands now, a few rose fanatics over the country
are endowing, through their membership, free
rose advice for the thousands of people who do
not belong, but who nevertheless enjoy roses.
We want to correct that. If we do, perhaps we
can lower the dues to a point where by 1940 we
can go out for 50,000 members.

Dr. Kirk: Not so fast, Mr. Brandt. Let's get
that first 10,000 members first.

Mr. Brandt: Well, don't you think we can

make a start?

Dr. Kirk: I certainly do. I can already see
poor R. Marion Hatton with writer's cramp from
signing membership cards!

Mr. Brandt: There are infinite possibilities
in a National Rose Week for bringing not only
the rose to the attention of gardeners everywhere,
but, equally important, making known the
service of the American Rose Society to the rose.
A national radio hookup opening the week, a
presentation by the Society of a selected list of
roses to the White House garden — and think of
the photographs you can get out of thatl
I Dr. Kirk: You're rather unblushing in your
proposals, it seems to me!

Mr. Brandt: No; I'm merely a thorn in the
side of member complacency! Now, for the Rose
Society's Gift.

Dr. Kirk: Gift? Didn't you get the annual
financial statement?

Mr. Brandt: I propose we have a national
membership drive. To the city under 300,000
population which contributes the most new mem-
bers before National Rose Week, the Society
might present for its municipal rose-garden, or,
if the city has no rose-garden, could present the
nucleus K)r one, in 200 selected patented roses.
I should say, offhand, that to be eligible for the
Gift, a minimum of one hundred new members
from that city should be required.

To the member of the Rose Society obtaining
the most members individually, I'd give, not an
orchid, but 50 novelty roses. Here again, I think
a minimum of at least 30 new members should
be set. We're going out for big stakes, remember
that. 1 realize that one obstacle to obtaining
10,000 members is the high membership fee, made
necessary now by the smaller membership which
must carry the overhead. I propose that a
system of rebates be worked out, so that if the
plan succeeds, we caii lower membership fees, even
though it is now mighty low when we consider
what each member gets.

Also, I think we're missing a bet in the five-
and-ten-cent stores. Perhaps you were right last
year about the quality of plants obtained on the
average from these stores, but many is the time
Tve filled in with such roses the holes in my gar-
den caused by a late frost, and I have to confess
that on an average they do as well as the
"imported" roses.

Dr. Kirk: We've gone into the supply sources
of the five-and-tens, and I think vou'Il be pkascd
to know that they have accepted a set of specifi-
cations for the kind of roses vou ought to be able
to buy in those stores. You II get little roses for
the little price, but they ought to be alive and
sound.

Mr. Brandt: Good! Now, let's go one step
further, and place in the packing of every rose
sold by the five-and-tens an invitation to join the
American Rose Society, with the reasons for
joining. And, if the Society can afford it, offer
free to every such member joining, three Talis-
man roses, as a talisman of good luck.

Dr. Kirk: Now, what else?

Mr. Brandt: Let's extend the services of the
Society to as many communities as possible.

First, let's devote more space in the Magazine
to letters proposing problems, and giving the
answers by experts to those problems.

Second, let's establish in as many cities as we
can, American Rose Society Councils composed
of members who may be consulted by those hav-
ing vexing problems. Let's abandon the archaic
system of state vice-presidents, and let's try to
restrict the use of the term Rose Society to
bona fide societies composed entirely of A?neri-
can Rose Society members, chartered by the
Society itself.

Third, let's try to interest the botany depart-
ments in every state university to attack tlie one
great problem as yet unsolved, that of regional
adaptability of the rose.

Dr. Kirk: That's music to my ears! Go on.

Mr. Brandt: I'll illustrate what I mean.
Bermuda grass is now grown everywlure in
Oklahoma. But it required fifteen years before
one could say definitely that Bermuda grass
would succeed in Oklahoma.

You don't know the peculiar conditions of
Oklahoma climate and geography— it would take
the rest of the day to tell you. We import roses
from abroad, we bud them quickly on understocks
that are fairly hardy and perhaps acclimatized;
we send these plants everywhere, with the i xpec-
tation that they will adapt themselves iiiuiiedi-
ately. Perhaps they will! I'rn no botanist, but
my friend Paul B. Sears, who is one of America's
greatest botanists, thinks perhaps it is a proiileni
worth further investigation.

Dr. Kirk: But how will we get the investiga-
tion started? We have no money for that piir|)ose.

Mr. Brandt: Propose it as a problem tor a
master's thesis. Then a synthesis of the various
contributions would be your answer.

Dr. Kirk: Excellent! Any further ideas?

Mr. Brandt: Yes, but I don't want to bore
you with them. What I'm anxious to do is to
offer a challenge to the members of the Society.
Let's get their ideas. Perhaps mine, in the last
analysis, either aren't practical or are downright
impossible. But I think it's up to the members ol
the Society themselves to repay the Society s
missionary work for the rose in a substantial
manner. With 10,000 members, we can begin
to revolutionize rose-growing in this country.

Dr. Kirk: All right, you members here, there,
and everywhere. What do you say?

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

105

A Selection for Membership

The fact that each year more than
70 per cent of the acute membership of
tlie American Rose Society renews, and
that of this high percentage half or more
renew without separate solicitation — at
postage expense — proves the interest and
the quality of our membership.

It is obvious — or ought to be — that a
larger membership extends the usefulness
and the value of the Society in promoting
the rose in America. But membership of
the "drag-net" character, including just
anyone who will pay the fee, would lower
the standard. We prefer to keep it highl

Therefore the Executive Committee has
taken this action:

1. A Membership Secretary is at work
connecting with rose-needing places and
people. She is Mrs. Edna B. John, and
she is operating from the Secretary's
ofiiee.^ That she knows and loves roses
doesn't hurt any!

2. But there are friends of our members
wliom tliey know to be of the select rose-
loving, rose-needing type. You, the mem-
bers, know who these are; the Member-
ship Secretary doesn't.

So there has been prepared a most
unique and attractive Invitation, to be
sent to your select nominees, with your
name. It includes the Frontispiece, "A
Collection of Roses from Nature," pub-
lished in London in 1799 by the famous
Mary Lawrance. It was used as Frontis-
piece for the 1937 Annual, and will, in full
color, be part of the Invitation in such
way that it may be separated and framed.
as It deserves to be.

■^Lach member may send the Secretary's
0 lice not more than five names to which
ttiis Invitation may be sent. To the
members thus responding with select
nominations a separate print of the Mary
Lawrance Frontispiece" in full color will
^e sent on request at the time the names
are provided.

thf^L^^'^ Membership Committee will
iht ^'''' t"' ^'^y suggestions as to pos-
sible members. Every added member

often l!' rm'^^ ways~to himself (or
oUen herselfl) to the nominating friend,
to the rose in America.

--The Membership Committee

Dependable Newer Roses

From Bulletin No. 1 of the Georgia
Rose Society we learn that a questionnaire
sent out by it, calling for "newer roses
which members had grown for at least two
years and which they could recommend
without reservations," resulted in only
three varieties coming up to scratch.
These were Mme. Joseph Perraud, Crim-
son Glory, and Luis Brinas.

Varieties which met these requirements
except for a few minor qualifications were
Angels Mateu, Rouge Mallerin, Max
Krause, Viktoria Adelheid, Southport,
Eclipse, Mme. Cochet-Cochet, Texas
Centennial, Katharine Pechtold, Heinrich
Wendland, Warrawee, and Stratford.

Varieties not so new but noteworthy
were Duquesa de Penaranda, Better
Times, Susan Louise, Condesa de Sastago,
Soeur Th6rese, Editor McFarland, Sun-
kist. Sir Henry Segrave, Mme. Nicolas
Aussel, and Comtesse Vandal.

This should be good information not
only for the rose-growers in Georgia but
for adjoining states.

We might say in connection with this
that the Bulletin which Mr. Jacob H.
Lowrey, the new Secretary of the Society,
IS issuing is something that any Society
could well be proud of. He is offering good
information, and is having the members of
the Society tell what they know about
rose-growing in their section.

It would look as if the Georgia Rose
Society is "going places" in 1938.

December Blooms

Fred Edmunds, Curator of the Inter-
national Test Garden at Portland, Ore.,
upset the editorial goat the other day by
sending in a newspaper clipping picturing
a rose show in the City Hall on December
20, when more than 40 vases of outdoor
roses were exhibited.

And now. Dr. Benbow of Seattle writes,
under date of January 28, that he is still
cutting roses from his garden, and as he
is a Parson, there just doesn't seem to be
anything we can do about it except wish
we lived in the Northwest!

Winter Protection in Southern New England

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

107

WINTER protection is a matter of
great importance in New England,
and, I imagine, in many other
states along the northern tier. Given a
chmate which consists of what Mark
Twain calls "samples," where the tem-
perature may be 60° today and below
zero tomorrow, with alternating bare and
snow-covered ground, winter protection
is imperative unless one is wilhng to
accept the losses rather than go to the
trouble of protecting the plants.

I suppose that the only way to secure
complete protection is to bury the j)lants
in earth. This involves a lot of work and
considerable expense. In this method the
rose is bent to the ground and completely
covered with earth. If this cannot be done
without breaking the canes, the earth is
loosened on one side of the plant and the
roots freed. In the spring this earth must
be removed and carried away. This is
not so difficult if one has only a few plants.
Probably those who have thousands of

Wrapped with paper and
ready for the basket

Above: Frame to support paper

Below: Frame covered with tarred paper

Climbers wrapped i>\
brown paper

plants can afford to have it done. But
liiere is a question as to whether loosening
the roots to tip the plant down does not
harm the plants.

Another method equally efficient is to
iW'j: up all the plants and heel them in for
the winter. This is open to the same
objection mentioned before, that it proba-
1)1 \ injures the root system to some extent.
The most important thing is to prevent
the j)lant frorn killing back to the under-
stock, and this is easily accompfished by
hilling up around the plant some 8 to
10 inches. As in burying, the earth may be
taken from between the plants, or brought
in from the outside. If taken from the
bed, fill the areas excavated with manure.
The bed can then be covered with hay,
straw, or pine needles.

There will be some losses in any event.
Certain roses, as Los Angeles and Duchess
of Atholl, winter badly here, and weak
plants and those which have had bad
blaek-spot infection are very apt to die in
the winter.

Tender Climbers can be buried or tied
up and wrapped. I use heavy brown
paper. Burlap is sometimes used, but it
holds water and freezes. Last winter I
tried a cellophane-covered scrim but the
weather peeled off the cellophane and
ieit the roses wrapped in filmy cloth. If
the cellophane can be made to stick, this
method is ideal, particularly if the theory
that roses need winter sun to produce the
best blooms is true. It is important that
the top be left open for ventilation, which
prevents too much heat inside the paper
protection. ^ ^

F(,r two years I have tried two methods
ot protection for Hybrid Teas, both of
vvh.eh are easy and efficient. The roses
ove 1/ "P t"d then wrapped in paper;

snrin " P^^f^.^ P^^ ^^sk^t. In the
spring R'move the basket and store it for
next win er. These baskets are about
little '^'Sh and can be procured for

nd i":^^^'^'' ^ ^^^^ they will freeze in

vent "V^ ''"^"^'^ ^^y ^^ights to pre-
^ent their blowing away.

satisf'u- t ti'^^'S^ h^' P^«^^^ very
^^'Slactory. The plants are hilled up.

Then I take pieces of wood about 1 1^ to
2 feet long and 1 ^ inches square, and nail
them together about 3 inches from the
ends. These are stuck into the ground
across the bed and pipes or poles laid in
the V at the top. I then cut roofing paper
in 4 to 5-foot lengths and lay it across the
frame, lapping it about 3 inches. Poles or
stones are then laid on the part which is
lying on the ground to keep it from blow-
ing up. The roses are then in a long tent,
and secure from weather. In the spring
the paper is lifted off and the frame
picked up and put away for next winter.
If a good grade of heavy paper is secured,
It should last for years. This method is
also applied to pillar roses by making the
tent higher and bending the canes down.
These tents will be from 3 to 4 feet high.
— E. W. Burt, M.D., New Bedford, Mass.

Attention to Correct Nomenclature

The December 4 issue of the English

weekly. Gardening Illustrated, contained

an article by Arthur R. Goodwin entitled

Roses Under Four Kings" from which

the following excerpt was taken.

"Of the 1932 novelties I like Mme. Ray-
mond Gaujard, which masquerades in
some catalogues as Olympiad. Why the
raiser of a good Rose should not be al-
lowed to attach to it the name he wishes
nobody knows! At any rate it is a stupid
and reprehensible practice to rename a
variety without the raiser's consent.
Moreover, to have the same Rose cata-
logued in various lists under different
names causes confusion. I suggest to the
National Rose Society that they should
disqualify any exhibitor who shows a
Rose under any other name than that
given to It by its raiser. This might put
an end to a senseless practice."

Lessons in Horticulture

The Garden Department of the Illinois
Federation of Women's Clubs will sponsor
the Sixth Annual Free School of Horti-
culture in the spacious North Ballroom of
the Stevens Hotel in Chicago on March 7.
There will be three sessions, at 9.30 a.m.,
1.30 P.M., and 7.30 p.m., for which they
are to have six speakers.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

109

Sprays and Dusts— What Shall I Use During 1938?

THE question of what materials to
use the coming season in the control
of diseases and pests of roses is one
that should be answered in the near
future. With experiences of the past
season in mind and the guidance to be
obtained from the 1938 Annual, the prob-
lem should be thought through carefully
now by the gardener and materials ob-
tained so that the season's program for
disease and pest control may have the
important advantage of starting promptly.
For black-spot, which continues to be the
most important disease, it is essential that
spraying begin with the opening of the
first leaf-buds and be continued regularly
and systematically throughout the season;
and the effective control of insect pests
depends in no small measure on eradicat-
ing infestations while the populations are

still small.

Those gardeners who are successfully
meeting the problem of diseases and pests
have come to realize that the question of
materials is not all-important. Any ma-
terial will fail if not properly used. Con-
centrations, thoroughness and — most im-
portant of all — proper timing are princi-
pal factors. And when properly used
there are numerous materials that will
give control and be generally satisfactory.
An increasing number of gardeners have
settled on the materials that seem to be
best for their particular gardens and are
well along in the knowledge of how to get
the most out of these materials. This is
progress to which experience contributes
so largely. So while more effective and
less objectionable materials are sought, the
individual should keep in mind that his
real problem may be one of learning how
properly to use some one material rather
than that of finding a material of greater
efficiency. This is probably true in the
majority of cases. Those who keep chang-
ing materials are generally failing to get
satisfactory control; and while materials
demanding less exacting use will doubtless
be found, it is exceedingly improbable that
any material will ever be found that will
give control in the hands of the careless
operator.

Sulpbur-Containing Fungicides

Many of our most effective and gener-
ally satisfactory fungicides contain sul-
phur as the active ingredient. When used
as a dust it is essential that the sulphur be
in an extremely fine state of division, the
maximum coarseness now generally ac-
cepted being 325 mesh material, i.e., of
such fineness that it will pass through a
screen of 325 meshes to the inch. Im-
provement is being made along the line of
still finer materials with suitable "con-
ditioners" to improve the physical proper-
ties of the dust, so that those interested In
dusting may want to look into the possi-
bility of getting a better dust for the com-
ing season.

In sulphur fungicides used as spiays the
trend is away from the more caustic lime-
sulphur solution of the usual 1-40 or 1-50
dilution (except for dormant treatment
where a 1-10 dilution may be used on
thoroughly dormant plants) in favor of
the so-called "wettable sulphurs." These
wettable sulphurs consist of a finely di-
vided sulphur similar to the dusting
sulphur, with the addition of a small
amount of material to wet the sulphur
and bring it into suspension when added
to water. Materials of such degree of
fineness as properly to be termed "col-
loidal" are now being marketed. Within
limits, the efficiency of a material varies
with the degree of fineness so that prefer-
ence is given to these finer materials. It
should be noted that the tendency to burn
during periods of high temperature is
greater with the more finely divided ma-
terials, so that due caution should be
exercised in their use.

Copper-Containing Fungicides

During the past ten years or sn much
attention has been given to the develop-
ment of copper-containing materials whicn
may be used to advantage as substitutes
for bordeaux mixture. Reduction m
burning or other injury to plants has bee^
sought in the production of less soluDie
materials, and the flower gardener i

interested in the additional quality of
certain materials of causing less discolora-
tion. Basic copper sulfate and materials
of similar chemical composition have re-
ceived attention and are now being made
available. Dr. J. G. Horsfall and his
associates at the New York State Agri-
cultural Experiment Station, at Geneva,
N. Y., have developed and tested
cuprous oxide, the latest report on which,
in its use on roses, will be found in the
1938 Annual by Dr. R. F. Suit. Several
members of the Society participating in
the Disease Control Campaign have re-
ported favorably on this material, and
reports are also being received on some of
the newer materials such as "Basicop,"
"Coposil," Copper Zeolite, etc. The
interest of certain commercial concerns
in giving the rosarian such materials as
;Tri-ogen," "Fungtrogen," "Triad," etc.,
is to be noted. To urge the gardener to
treat these new materials as experimental
and to proceed cautiously in their use
until more information is available as to
what they will do under different environ-
mental conditions is not to speak dis-
paragingly of their efficiency, safety, and
general satisfaction.

Some few continue to depend on the
time-tested bordeaux mixture which has
the merits of having been used extensively
and having its shortcomings well known.
It may burn, it disfigures the foliage, and
It IS messy to make and use. Recently the
possible role of lime in contributing to the
injury caused by bordeaux mixture has
been pomted out by Dr. J. G. Horsfall,
who hsts roses among the lime-sensitive
plants. Some of these objections to bor-
deaux mixture may be met by the use of
a weak mixture, such as a 1-1-50; and
iurther improvement has been obtained
in tests at Ithaca, N. Y., by reducing the
»me to an amount just sufficient to
neutralize the copper sulfate. If such
reduction is attempted, it is advisable to
test the mixture with potassium ferrocya-
niclc solution to make certain that the
copper sulfate is fully neutralized, and to
use the material with due caution since
tne reduction in the lime content lessens
^ne sa eness of the mixture, especially if
arsenate of lead is added.

Insecticides

The substitution of such materials as
pyrethrum and rotenone, singly or in
combination, for nicotine, is receiving
considerable attention by entomologists,
although nicotine has continued to be
favored by most rosarians who report
satisfactory control of insects responding
ordinarily to a contact insecticide. Arse-
nate of lead is generally used as a stomach
poison for chewing insects. In instances
where chewing insects are not a problem,
the gardener would do well to eliminate
arsenate of lead which usually increases
the danger of injury from fungicidal
sprays and dusts to which it is added. In
most cases, when arsenate of lead is added
to a fungicide, the addition of some lime
is advisable in order to prevent burning.
Proper combinations of fungicides and
insecticides to preserve the efficiency of
both components and avoid objectionable
interreactions are necessary.

Wetting Agents

Because of its waxy character, rose foli-
age is difficult to wet unless the spray has
some material added to it to lower its sur-
face tension. Without proper wetting the
foliage is not adequately covered and pro-
tected. Numerous materials, many of
recent development, are now available for
use as wetting and spreading agents and
their use is to be recommended. With
better wetting and more thorough cover-
age it may be necessary to reduce the con-
centration of spray materials containing
wetting agents to avoid burning the foli-
age, especially the young, new growth.

Those seeking better materials and
additional information as to their proper
and effective use will find advantage in
contacting the pathologists and entomolo-
gists of their state experimental stations.
The consulting pathologists and ento-
mologists of the American Rose Society,
as listed regularly in the Annual, will
gladly help all members with their prob-
lems on materials, programs, apparatus,
etc.; and the manufacturers of proprietary
materials are anxious to give advice as to
the proper use of their products.

— L. M. Massey

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

111

Something New in Rose Plants

HERE are two pictures of roses grown
by a new method, one showing two
tree roses and myself. You can
judge the size of these, as I am 5J^ feet
tall. They are budded \}/^ feet from the
ground. The varieties are Mrs. Pierre S.
du Pont and W. E. Chaplin, both of
which we consider slow- to medium-grow-
ing as ordinary bush roses, but under this
method they are very vigorous with many
times the usual number of flowers. These
two bushes had over 1,400 blooms each in
1937, their third year from the original
Odorata cutting. The Odorata growth
does not show very plainly in this picture,
but you may see it spreading downward.
We have not pruned off any of the Odo-
rata growth since the first year, but have
pruned the Hybrid Teas each winter. You
will notice tree roses of the same age in
the background, grown by the old method.

but budded 40 inches high. They do not
have one-fourth the top-growth.

In the other picture near the house arc
bushes budded 1 foot high. I am staiulmg
behind these, near the windows ol tlie
house, but cannot be seen because sonic
of them are 53^ feet high. The Odoiita
cuttings were planted in February, 1'^^",
and were budded in July. The pietuK \as
taken in October, about eight men t lis
after planting the cuttings, and lix'ut
three and one-half months after l)U(Miim-
Here you can see the Odorata IoIml^c
spreading on the ground. These ne
planted 3 feet apart.

Growing bushes and tree roses U\ ^ii'^
method, we leave the Odorata foham on
after budding, only cutting away a leu o'
the small limbs and leaves directly above
the buds, to let sun and light reaeh the
buds. After the buds get above the

Odorata foliage, they grow very fast.
Odorata foliage takes in the proper plant-
lood from the air for the roots, and, in
return, the sap flowing upward prefers to
ilow in the Hybrid Tea growth rather than
[)ass on to the Odorata which spreads on
the ground. After the first year, the
Odorata grows very little, but the Hybrid
Tea grows very rapidly, has flowers at
least one and one-half times as large as
roses grown on ordinary bushes, and at
least four times as many.

After three years of experimenting by
this method, we have proved it to be a
success and have applied for a patent on
the method of growing bushes and tree
roses this way. This is the first year we
have ofl'ered them for sale. — Frank C.
Raffel. Stockton, Calif.

A Comment on the Above

Our friend Fred Edmunds, Curator of
the Portland Rose Test Garden, writes
this about Raff^el's new method of growing
tree roses:

Something new in tree roses came to our gar-
den last spring from Frank C. Raffel, of Stock-
ion, Calif. A bit of wild wood is left at the top of
the tree stocks. A circle of buds (three) were in-
serted beneath. In the growing season, this wild
wood IS hardly noticeable and does away with the
tendeney of the tree to die back at the top, be-
tore the buds have formed a firm knot on the stem.

Alter two or three years, the wild top can be
removed and the cut will callous over.

In localities where tree roses become per-
manent fixtures (some around Portland have been
growing in the same spot for over thirty years),
tills method of starting them has undoubted
;Klvantages.

Winter Protection

Mr. Boyd Fowler, of Enola, Pa., reports
tiiat he has some roses which he has grown

<>r scleral years without loss and without
'>ein<r pestered by aphis or other insects,
";!'• ^h'cs he admit having had black-spot.

«'^ nicthod is: Soon after the first frost
!.^ T^'T "" ?-^^^er-Iike depression around

Vn 1 ' i'"n' ^' ''"^ ^" ^^^h ^bout an inch
^"^' "•' hall of tobacco stems. After the

Z . .^'"^"^P' ^^ piles corn-fodder
< Winst the plants but without hilling up.
'^' chunks that by this method he has
"'''''' losmg any plants over winter.

Another Garden School

The Federation of Garden Clubs of
Norfolk and vicinity will have a Garden
School at Norfolk, Va., this spring, at
which they expect to have a Rose Show.

Dr. McFariand will speak to them on
May 16 about roses.

Book Bargains

In taking inventory we find we have extra
copies of the following books, most of which are
now out of print and rarely obtainable.

The first seven are second-hand books but are
in good condition. The last three are the last of
stocks of those books the Society bought for
members.

These are for sale to members at the prices
given. As there is only one copy of each, the first
orders received will be filled. — The Secretary.

The Rose, H. B. Ellwanger $1.25

Parsons on the Rose, Samuel B. Parsons . 1.25

The Book of the Rose, Foster-Melliar . . 1.65

The Rose Book, H. H. Thomas 2.00

The Amateur Gardener's Rose Book,

Hoffman 2.25

Roses and Rose Gardens, Walter P. Wright. 3.00
The Practical Book of Outdoor Rose Grow-
ing (De Luxe Edition), Capt. Thomas . 5.00
A Book About Roses, Dean Hole. 1896

Edition 1.50

Roses and How to Grow Them, J. Horace

McFariand, 1924 2.00

Roses for All American Climates, George

C. Thomas, 1924 3.00

Success

Holcombe B. Harper, Columbus, Ga.,
began with roses in the fall of 1936, setting
out 137 plants in 39 different varieties,
and reports the following as all doing well
for him. He has Carillon, Eclipse, Edith
Nellie Perkins, Frau Karl Druschki,
Nellie E. Hillock, Talisman, and Texas
Centennial, with the last proving the best
of the lot. His recipe for treating the beds
was peat moss and black humus at the
bottorn over a heavy clay subsoil. For
top-soil, he mixed leaf-mold and peat
moss. The plants were dusted every ten
days with Massey dust.

He was so»well satisfied with the results
that he planned to plant 200 more late
this past fall. His plants came from Penn-
sylvania, Alabama, and Texas, with the
Alabama plants making the best showing
— seemingly an indication that the South
requires plants especially adapted for
their soil and climate.

112

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Climbing Roses in New England

Another Rose Service

Miss D. B. Johnson, of Fort Smith,
Ark., tells us of the decorations for the
twelfth Annual Rose Festival Services in
the Central Presbyterian Church at Fort
Smith on Sunday, May 9, 1937, as here
illustrated.

The roses shown in the picture are
President Herbert Hoover, Talisman,
Dr. W. Van Fleet, Paul's Scarlet Climber,
and Frau Karl Druschki. In addition to
the flowers there were three cages of ca-
naries, each bird trying to outdo the other
before the services started. During the
services all lights were turned off except
those which shone directly on the pulpit.
Between 500 and 600 people attended the
services.

The order of service follows:

Twelfth Annual Rose Festival
Sunday, May 9, 1937. 8 p.m.

Prelude, "Chanson"

Call to Worship, "O Worship the Lord

in the Beauty of Holiness."
Invocation

Hymn, "This is My Father's World"
Chorus, "The Arkansas Wild Rose"
Solo, "i le Has a Message" ....

Quartet, "God's Garden" ....

Saxophone Solo, "Capricco" . .
OfTertory, "Summer Dawning" . .
Solo, "Ro.ses Calling" ......

Hymn, "America the Beautiful"

Sermon, "Divinity in the Rose"

Anthem, "The Heavens Are Telling'

Benediction

Choral Response, "Always with Us"

Postlude, "A Joyous Postlude" .

Crotort

Shililey

Cadman

Novolad

Curavicb

Williams

. Nmn

Handel

Mallard

Value of Liquid Manure

Albert D. HafF, of West Islip, Long
Island, reports that he had excellent
results in 1937 with Dr. Nicolas' recipe
for liquid manure. It is here repeated:

1 level teaspoon nitrate of soda, 1 heaping
tablespoon super phosphate, and 1 tea-
spoon muriate of potash dissolved in

2 gallons of water. One quart of this
solution should be applied to each plant
everv two or three weeks.

Mr. HafF states that 1937 was the first
time that he had used this recipe, and that
his plants responded with healthy gmwth,
good foliage, and a minimum of black-
spot, most of the roses having no biack-
spot at all. He dusted once a week
throughout the season, commencing
shortly after the first leaves appeared,
using Pomo-Green with nicotine, and
stated that in addition to not having
disease on his plants, the nicotine m the
dust was sufficient to control the apiiidt'S-

THE much-discussed climbing rose,
Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James (Golden
Climber), came into its own in New
Iingland in 1937. It is easily the best
large-flowered yellow Climber to date.
The best report I had was on a three-
year-old plant estimated to have at least
1,000 flowers, and I heard of several
smaller plants with 100 flowers. That
large one was planted in an old hen-yard,
in heavy soil, in full sunshine (I saw all of
these in flower).

1 never prune the large-flowered Climb-
ers, as the old wood throws the best
flowers, nor have I ever used any spray
but water from the hose which I hitch on
when the bugs arrive. In 7 to 10 days my
bushes are so clean I can exhibit them,
and they stay clean all season as bugs
cannot breed under such treatment.
Statements are of little value without
proof, and for proof I have one Silver
Medal from the New Bedford Horti-
cultural Society, two Silver Medals from
the Massachusetts Horticultural Society,
three Silver Medals from the Newport
Horticultural Society, and one Gold
Medal from the Rhode Island Horti-
cultural Society. All of these won in the
open class against all comers; I even beat
Hybrid Teas with my Climbers, often
against as many as five entries.

I have quit exhibiting now, as I will be
86 on June 3, 1938.*

I have always used horse- instead of
cow-manure. At present I am using
horse-manure from stables where peat
moss was used for bedding.

I made New England tests of roses for
Dr. Van Fleet and for Capt. George
Ihomas right up to the time of their
deaths.

I have two old bushes of Mary Wallace,
one ten and the other twelve years old!
Ihey have never been pruned. Last
October, I counted 25 bloom stems on one.

and this plant was still blooming on
November 15.

Dr. Van Fleet wrote me that he had
planted quarts of seed from Silver Moon
without one germinating, and he did not
disturb his seed-flats for seven years.
Some years ago, when my neighbor had
13 hives of bees working on my roses, I
planted several Silver Moon seeds under
a grape-vine, and two plants came up in
two years. Both had double flowers, both
white. One had 22 petals and has bloomed
every fall since it started. I had four
plants budded from this one, but not one
has had fall bloom. I now have some
rooted cuttings of the fall-blooming plant
to see if the cuttings will repeat. I have
always been an own-root man.

On December 2, I noted that the frost
had spoiled half-open buds of Mary Wal-
lace, Frau Karl Druschki, Conrad F.
Meyer, Birdie Blye, and Full Moon (my
Silver Moon seedling). All of these
Climbers were well covered with open
flowers, some half-open and buds. This
is a later date than usual, as November 15
is usually the limit for bloom here.

Budded plants will outgrow rooted cut-
tings by far, but many varieties of cut-
tings will bloom before the budded plants
will. Once I took 35 long cuttings of
Alberic Barbier, left all foliage on four or
five leaf-stems above the sand, with three
joints buried. Every cutting rooted, and
they were put in a cold frame over winter.
All were in bloom the following May. I
used peat moss under the sand. Other
varieties that were equally smart were
Gerbe Rose and Full Moon. I always
take a lateral that has bloomed the cur-
rent season. Buds should be taken with
the same care. — A. J. Fish, New Bedford,
Mass.

♦Many of our older readers will remember Mr. Fish's
former articles on climbing roses, of which he is the national
master. His picturesque comments appeared in the Annuals
for 1920 and 1922. -Editors.

IMPORTANT NOTICE

willl^^ Ju ^*®tf h,^^e_.^?a7anged the 1938 meetings. The summer meeting
wiu be held m Hartford m June and the annual meeting in Harrisburg in Sep-
tember. Dates will be announced later. s f

114

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Roses in Ontario

The lovtly little patio garden of Mrs. Judith HilF Packard, Los Angeles, California. Although

it is quite small, she has 75 roses growing therein

"Roses of the World in Color"

Many members took advantage of the
Christmas present suggestion in the
December Magazine, and Dr. McFarland
was threatened with "writer's cramp"
autographing copies of the great book,
"Roses of the World in Color."

This unique book, far ahead in beauty
and comprehensiveness, has just gone
into a very large second edition. The
Secretary will ask Dr. McFarland to
autograph copies ordered by members in
February.

"Roses of the World in Color" has 320 pages,
\vith 324 pietures in coh)r and black, and descrij)-
tions of 557 roses, in addition to cultural direc-
tions. Published by the Houghton Mifllin Co.,
Boston, but obtainable from the American Rose
Society, I larrisburg, Pa., for $3.75, postpaid.

"The Rose Manual"

A revised edition of Dr. Nicolas' "The
Rose Manual," was completed shortly be-
fore his death last September and has just
been issued by Doublcday, Doran. The

lists of roses have been brought up to date
and the latest information added on
cultural matters.

"The Rose Manual" is a book of 333
pages, divided into four sections. The
first, "The Pageant of Rose Progress,"
describes the different families of roses and
lists the varieties suitable for garden use.
The second section, "A Year in the Rose -
Garden," covers rose-culture, including
disease and insect control. The third
section, unique in rose books, devotes n
chapter to budding, one to color descrip-
tion, in which are shown the Gravercnnv
color plates which Dr. Nicolas used iti
describing roses, with a final chapn r
called "Pot Pourri," which is just that -
various anecdotes and bits of informal i mi
gathered from here and there. The in; 'I
section is called "Dictionary of the Pv*^^'
and Index" and is not only an index to i i: '
book but is a sort of dictionary of fani" i
rosarians, rose nam.es, and rose terms.

It is an interesting and instructive b()<M.
Copies can be obtained from the Sc^.
tary's Office at the publication price f i
$2.50.

' ; 1 -^

SELDOM, if ever, has there been ex-
perienced a more favorable growing
season in southern Ontario than the
(.ne just past. It was certainly a marked
contrast to the season of 1936, which was
most disastrous. Following an unusually
mild winter, with no below-zero tempera-
tures, roses wintered exceptionally w^ell.
One rose that has shown what it could
do when conditions are right is Leonard
Barron. It always did produce large
blooms, but this year the blooms on the
stocky, sturdy plants were gigantic, up to
over 6 inches in diameter, wonderfully
lasting, and of exquisite fragrance.

In the yellows and part yellows there
were many extra-fine ones. Federico
Casas IS a gem that in my mind will super-
sede lalisman and many other roses of
similar color contrasts. Unlike most of
the Dot productions, it is a very strong,
healthy grower, hardy to an exceptional
degree, and also very free blooming. Ville
de Pans was never finer; it had plenty of
5-inch blooms Mrs. Pierre S. du Pont,
heu Joseph Looymans, Golden Gleam,
and Rev. F. Page-Roberts also did well
blooming profusely. Max Krause still
does splendidly. In the new sorts that
look like winners are McGredy's Sunset,
McCredy s Orange, and Alice Harding
Feu Pernet-Ducher, Rochester, and
lichpse were probably the freest bloomers,
hough McGredy's Sunset, first tested
us year, was little if any behind. I

M !;n U '' "^^^T^ ^^ g« ^^'- Golden
Mam has wonderful color but the flower
IS too small.

In red roses, Henry Nevard and George
i^ickson are two Hybrid Perpetuals thtt

P. r^J'P/T""^^^^- Of the Hybrid Teas
Etode de HoIIande, Lady Helen Maglona;
n f ^/"l? ^' ^awlmark Crimson, J. G
^iasslord, Southport and Marchioness of
unhthgow, among older sorts, were

ct f I.^V^^^ H'^'^' -^^' Crimson

then n""}^' ^'K^^^ ^'^^^^'^ fi'^^^ and
F," -^^^^^"^ Beauty, the improved

desinl^T- ^?^' possessing all the
aes^rable coloring it so often lacked.

U ^v^ite roses. Rex Anderson, creamy
^'iitt, ,s in my opinion the greatest ad-

vance in this shade in many years, com-
bining strong healthy growth and free
bloom with flowers of A-1 exhibition
quality. As an everblooming shrub or
pillar rose. Polar Bear will go far, I think.
In tones of unusual coloring, Alezane,
Signora McGredy's Coral, and Doroth^
McGredy, after one year's trial, look very
promising. -^

Among the Climbers the greatest show
was made by Golden Climber. My eight
large plants of this sort, grown as shrubs
m a sunny place, were simply marvelous—
a golden glory of blooms weighing down
the canes in riotous profusion. Such sorts
as Uoubloons, while fine, were passed over
by visitors who had eyes only for Golden
Climber, a yellow that was yellow, and
lasted. Zephirine Drouhin,^ Kathleen
Harrop, and Martha (bud sport of Drou-
hm, pink with a golden base) were very
tme with such growth of canes as I never
saw before As usual, they had scattered
bloom until November.

Miss Flora Mitten is not new, but is
not grown to the extent its merit deserves.
It IS very hardy, with healthy growth,
which adapts it to many naturalistic
plantings. It is a Canina hybrid, produc-
ing huge panicles of delicate pink, single
blooms, about 3 inches across. Few
Climbers are stronger growing, and few
as hardy as this sort— in my experience
only Parkfeuer, Von Scharnhorst, and
bchneehcht are as hardy.

The first sharp frost came here on
October 14, killing most rose-buds except
n^^r. l^^ ^ake, where the roses persisted
until November. As a result of this, rose-
wood ripened exceptionally well, and is
now in prime condition for wintering,
which goes far to ensure a good rose sea-
son next year.

„^y..the way, the rose Flamingo, a
Hybrid Tea, introduced by McGredy
back in 1929 was admired almost more
than any rose in my garden. It had bloom
;> inches across on a very strong plant and
Its color— bright geranium-red, passing
to red-cense— seemed to appeal to every-
one.—Chester D. Wedrick, Nanticoke,
Ontario.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

117

Old Garden Roses

Summary of Mrs. Frederick L. Keays* Address at Roanoke, Va., October 7, 1937

TIIH collecting of old roses has various
features of interest. First, of course, is the
lovely rose itself; its form and color; its
distinctive perfume; the habits of growth —
bushy, spreading or climbing, tall- or low; the
sort of foliage— smooth or downy, tough or soft,
large or small, and how the stalk presents its
leaves; then the prickles, bristles, and glands,
often so distinctive, varying from the armament
of the Scotch and Damascena to smooth wood
with strong scattered thorns to almost none what-
ever. Even the roots have their variations.

Another interest is in the history of these early
roses. The story of the creation of the rose begms
in a myth in fact, in several myths— but the one
we know best is that of Venus rising from the sea
and the rose springing from the ground to greet
her. Botticelli's interpretation of this myth
shows the Alba rose showering over Venus.

The Syrians, the Greeks, the Egyptians of the
Ptolemys, the Romans, had garden roses. Not
until tile time of Pliny do we know anything
definite about what they were. Much conquest,
migration, and colonization, by land and sea,
had spread the rose abroad by Pliny's time. The
roses of his record include probably the Alba of
uncertain origin; (>entif()lia and Damascena from
the Near East; Gallica, probably from Miletus
on the coast of Asia Minor; Damascena, twice-
blooming, growing at Pavstum in southern Italy,
probably brought there by the Greeks. With the
fall of kome, we lose the rose.

The invasion of Europe by the Arabs spread
the roses of the Near East further— along the
coast of northern Africa, into central Europe,
into western Euroi>e as far as Spain, where the
Moors made their famous gardens.

Another governmental fall followed, and the
rose is lost again as far as records will help us.
During the Dark Ages we can think of only two
ways by which roses were preserved in the lands
into which they had been carried: By self-help,
the will to live, as in the instance of the Gallica
rose, a heavy sell-seeder; and by preservation in
the gardens of the monasteries where the medici-
nal value or the healing virtue of beauty kept the
rose alive.

It is well to remember that there were roses,
unhonored, unrecorded, in central Europe —
Austria, the Balkan states — ^for it is from this
region that certain roses came back to gardens,
by way of Holland and that great man, Clusius.
More of that later.

When the revival of learning, the Renaissance,
brought light again into Europe, when the art
revival reflected the garden revival, when horti-
cultural books began again, we see a revival, a
Renaissance of roses. From this point on we are
really informed.

I spoke about Botticelli's painting of Venus.
You will remember his painting of Primavera,
the birth of Spring. The rose which Spring carries
in her mouth is a Gallica, the first painted Gallica
so far recognized.

♦The Alba roses (Rosa alba Jlore-pleno, rose of
the House of York) may have been brought to
England by the Romans. Our first York rose
was a gift from Mr. Stephen Hamblin, of the
Lexington Gardens. We later found it in our
vicinity, and then received it among some old
roses from Ohio. It is the rose of niany English
cottage gardens; the rose of Abigail Adams, as
well as the rose of the Italian painters. The type
rose comes out slightly tinged with pale pink
which soon fades out. The calyx is long and
winged on the sepals, decorating a bloom which
is flat in form, very decoratively presented when
opening. The bush grows tall and may be in-
duced to climb some. It has rather large prickles,
spaced along a greenish stalk. The large leaves
are a whitish green, held quite flat. It is an
excellent bloomer, as is the semi-double variety,
which we have found only once.

The large-clustering Maiden's Blush, an Alba,
is found in many old gardens everywhere in our
country, even as far north as the Island of Grand
Manan, where I saw it this past summer. The
calyx is not so long as Flore-pleno and has a
thimble shape. The bush spreads more, not
growing quite so tall. While this rose is very
ancient, for us it dates from the great English
herbalists.

The deeper pink bloom of Celestial, another
Alba, is very lovely. Our plants came from an
old garden in Litchfield, Conn. For us it has not
grown quite so large as the Maiden's Blush.

Two other Alba roses have come our way; <»iic
is white and very much like Flore-pleno, but with
a sulphur-yellow center; the other is a pink,
unnamed so far. We think the one with the sul-
phur coloring to be Blanche de Belgique.

Gallica ofiicinalis, called Red Gallica, old Red
Damask (improperly), is one of the roses which
held its own during the lost periods in Eun)i)e.
It is a rose which has the "will to live." We know
of it not only from our own place, but from almost
all parts of our country where rose-lovers and
home-makers migrated. The bush grows about
3 feet; prickles are mixed and weak; folia gt- is
tough, dark-colored, sometimes glanded. 1 he
bloom is open, not full, upright, and stron- in
stamens and pistil. It suckers and seeds frcriy,
and is a great parent for natural hybridizing, and,
as a consequence, appears in countless comhuui-
tions and figures heavily in rose developnn nt.
For years the Gallica or French roses numixud
into the thousands in varieties. When discov< rt d,
they are worth preserving, as they arc so stuKiy.
It is from this group that we get our richer colors
— the reds, purples, and maroons.

The Gallica roses give us Officinalis, and one of
more than usual interest, Rosa Mundi, the
striped GaHica. It is very old, like Ofiicin il's.
except for the stripes and splashes. Ohio GallK-a

♦As Mrs. Keays* address was illustrated by very beauti-
ful pictures thrown on a screen through a stereopticon,
the following part of the address is adapted from ner
lantern-slide notes. — Editors.

is rose and purple shaded (name still in doubt);
La Belle Sultanne, red, shaded with maroon'
fewer petals, and a bush of stronger growth in
both spread and height; and Spotted Gallica, red
of Officinalis with pale purple spots.

Ihere has been a great deal of discussion and
much rose-writing about York and Lancaster,
some people believing that Rosa Mundi is York
and Lancaster, while others are of the opinion,
solidly maintained, that the true York and
Lancaster is a Damascena. I would refer those
who are unsettled in their minds to Mr. Bunyard's
delightful English book, "Old Garden Roses," in
which he has a picture of the two roses. The York
and Lancaster we have from the old Ellwanger
collection bloomed small, open, white, with an
occasional pink petal; stamens thready and
irregular.

Rosa centijolia, "hundred-leaved," the old
Cabbage rose was known to have been a rose of
the Romans, perhaps of the Greeks, and is be-
lieved to have come from the region of the
Caucasus. It was lost for centuries and now
thought to have come back by way of central
Lurope (Austria to Holland, and from there to
hrance, England and America. Miss Willmott
considers Centifolia to be the rose described bv
the Greek, Theophrastus, and by Pliny. Canon
hllacombe believes it to be the Provencal rose of
Shakespeare, the Rose de Rhone of Chaucer, the
Lnglish rose of Parkinson. These three shades I
show are from our near-by region; the center is
nearest to type if not the real type Centifolia.
Note; the large, down-dropping leaves, softer than
Oa Ilea, glandular on the edges. The proportion
of bloom to foliage is in nice balance. Its buds
are blunt, the rose dpens in cupped form, spread-
ng .IS It ages, often fading a little on the edges of
the petals. The rugged stem has strong and

fiHrn^n ^"''. n- '^'''^i t^g^'ther. (All Centifolias
ound by intelligent observers should be collected
and preserved; they have a very pLasing fra-
grance, distinctive and "old-rosy ")

A Centifolia hybrid-because of its color and
in \\.f~A \%7 "^.'"."ipn in our neighborhood

Bish ,7 Th • ^Vb?'^ ''• '' l^' «^^ Centifolia,
cam '/;. ^^^P'f^^'^'^y IS that its dark co^;
came from a Gallica cross.

beaut V ffVu"^ Centifolia is here shown for the
This m. V h. .'k '7v^'- i' '^ ^ avenderish pink.

as oriSt V^ ^^^'^'^"^ '^"^ ^^'""^^^ ^y Redoute,
as originated by Descemet, one of the rosemen of

In ^ • "P contemporary with the Emnress

oT''\I;/'-^"^.^^^ f^^-d form of cSolia

Lt C Itff l^^V ""f ^^^'^ ^^?P' ^^^'^ ^e recall

M ed T^l^ r ' glands on leaves, sepals and

peaicels. 1 he Common Moss is very hardy

MoTis^.''' most unfavorable conditio^ns. tTc
flower the\fr'' ^'T Centifolia; form of the
sc7ak .I,f "?"' ^°^^'" ««"^ewhat bluish; buds.

^^als c,,,- 3— -^^— --^^^^^^^ buds

F net ;'nd W^A^ distribution^is clwd by
that ;t Holland, but the accepted opinion is

fe differnce'^Th""^^"^- "^-^^^^' ^' ^^^^^
come untiUh . ^^u ^""'J ^" ^ ^^^"^ ^^^ not

an immonL "^"^ ? ^"''t^^ ^^^'^ ^g« ^"t it had
n immense popularity for many years.

certaKnV ^n'' '^'^' ?.^y ^^ «^'^^t^d to show
•^ain points. Common Moss; Salet, a perpetual

Moss probably with Damascena blood, from
which comes Its greater clustering and remon-
tance (sometimes, if well grown); Cristata, or
Crested Centifolia, Chapeau de Napoleon, with
little bunches, hke brushes, aqd not very pun-
gent; Red Moss with very bristly decoration.
One we call Ethel Grose, for the giver, is paler and
less robust than the common, otherwise much the
same; and Baron de Wassenaer, quite deep pink
tree growing enough to climb some; Salet, with
tinted petals.

Rosa damascena is the rose of Syria, probably
the rose of Omar Khayyam, possibly the rose of
the house of Lancaster, as it is believed by manv
writers to be the rose brought home by the
Crusaders. It varies from other June roses in
being the most prickly, having downy paler foli-
age and a hip swollen in the middle. Madame
Hardy, a vyhite rose of lovely outline with a green
bud prevailing in its center, is listed as a Damas-
cena but IS probably somewhat mixed. A pink
June-bloommg Damask and a Damask Perpetual
which blooms every month were shown on one
slide. They have the same rose-pink coloring and
tine scent. The monthly has more petals and a
pear-shaped seed-pod.

Natural hybrids of these June-blooming roses
are found often. They are to be classified accord-
^"g to their prevailing characteristics.

The rose University of Virginia (our name) is
probably a hybrid, with Centifolia characteristics
as to bush prickles, etc., but with a bloom which
suggests that it is crossed with Gallica. This
rose we tound running wild across the road from
Ctiain Gate at the University of Virginia, where
It IS said the cottages were located in which men
engaged in construction of the University lived
Kecently, we have another rose, found in a near-
by location, equally run away. This has not
bloomed for me but shows Gallica features in its
toliage.

Two red roses, both from Kansas, have about
the same red color, one a rich red Damascena, the
other a Centifolia which invariably throws a
leafy bud in the center of the bloom. It sets no
seeds. Hebe s Lip, a charming cream-colored,
semi-double flower with a line of carmine on the
edge ot the petals, is called a Damascena but is
considered by Miss Willmott as a cross of Damas-

k^"t ^Ji'^u^f '''''' J'^^'"^ '^ a fi'^c plate in her
book. The Genus Rosa." This came to us from
the Ellwanger collection. No one knows how old
It IS. Another, a full rose with deep pink center
and pale border, is a Centifolia hybrid, Duchesse
dAngouIeme, very fragrant, dainty, waxy in
petal, bearing on a medium bush very refined
toliage.

You may recall, if you read "Old Roses," that
we had received a rose descended from a bush
which grew in the garden of the young lady who
in Washington I rving's story had the name of
l^atrina Van Tassel. I will tell now that there
were two roses with that romantic association
One was the rose I wrote about in the 1937 Rose
Annual and thought might be the Frankfort
hybrid, Ancelin. This is the other one. For me
Duchesse d Angouldme is the most choice of the
June-blooming roses we have collected.

Among the Sweetbrier roses, a bushy Scotch rose

118

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

119

plant about three years old is one of the prettiest
things in a garden; it has fine, ferny foliage,
brown, bristly stalks, and small but perfect little
roses. There are two forms of bloom, globular
and open, like a shallow cup. Both forms were
shown, the globular with blooms strung along the
stem and the cupped growing over and through a
dry stone wall. In the past there were many
shades of Scotch roses, all very charming. They
should be collected wherever possible, as they are
both hardy and useful. Sweetbrier is the rose of
Shakesi)eare and Bacon. We found it on the
farm and in the woods, gone native. It grows
readily from seed. The sweetness is in the foliage,
the little glands under the leaflets carrying a very
pervading scent. In times past there were several
varieties, even a mossy one. In the 90's the hy-
brid Sweet briers of Lord Penzance were very
popular. They are still in commerce. Some of
these are very lovely, with fragrant foliage and a
range of colors. Harison's Yellow grows in
many country dooryards — a rose carried to new
homes by garden lovers.

We have noticed considerable difference in
color in our Harison's in Maryland and on Long
Island, both of the same stock, the clay soil of
Maryland bringing forth much more brilliant
yellow in the blooms than the sandy loam of Long
Island. It is said to be a spontaneous cross of the
Scotch with the yellow Austrian Brier.

Scotch Sweetbriers and the Austrian briers
bloom on short shoots from secondary wood, so
do not show what they are until the third season.

From China to Inclia, from India to England,
thence to America, came Microphylla rubra, the
"burr rose," the "chinquapin rose," to become a
great rose in our southern states. Its beautiful
flat bloom, deep rose in the center, bordered by
pale pink, borne all summer, leaves behind it a
brown, very bristly hip, splitting open to show
large brown seeds.

A hundred years ago French growers were
doing considerable work in developing new
climbing roses. Our "Prairie" roses are not
French. This group was grown in America from
the Setigera rose. The Setigera is our native
climber, with a solid column pistil, a clustering
single flower, three leaflets, by which points it
may be distinguished. It is credited, botanically,
to Michaux, the French scientist and plant-
hunter who came to gather plants for the French
government, and whose activity was terminated
by the French revolution and "no funds."

Baltimore Belle - double, pale pink — is one of
several Feast roses raised at Baltimore, and
Queen of the Prairies— full and fragrant — is
another and perhaps a better one. We found this
in a tangle which was massed over a fence on
Dumbaron, Col. Bolles' place in Calvert County.
The cupped form of the rose, the lovely pink of
the petals, with a white stripe down the center,
and its lasting quality make Queen of the
Prairies the best Setigera hybrid.

The Boursault roses, of which we show Amadis,
and one we still call "Mrs. Kutchin" are French.
These plants were a ^ift from Stephen Hamblin,
and Mrs. Kutchin is his name for the rose.
These roses, of which there was once quite a
group, are hybrids of R. alpina. Their long.

) our

bending, reddish shoots are almost thornless and
the foliage is cut at the outside rounded end only,
— ^points for identification. Boursaults are ch((r-
fufroses to have at country doorways, their lon^
wreaths of small clusters swinging and bending.
They like sun but do not demand sunshine, so an
good for shady places.

When we say "Ayrshire," we think of j^olf,
Bobby Burns, or a breed of dairy cows. A num-
ber of Ayrshire roses were bred from the English
native climber, R. arvensis. They seem to be rare,
or disregarded, or unrecognized. We have found
only this blush one. The Ayrshires are worthy of
recovery. They are rampant cover plants, grow-
ing 20 feet a season anywhere, as poor soil ilovs
not discourage them. Kuga, a cross of Ayrshire
with a Chinese sort, is more elegant than Blush
Ayrshire.

The tiny-flowered June-blooming, climbing
garden Multifloras were found, by Thunbcrg, in
Japan, to be distinguished from Multiflora sim-
plex by the matty-sur faced foliage. They arc
single white, double white, and this pinkish om-.
This garden Multiflora was crossed fifty to sixty
years ago with roses from China of everblooniinji;
habit, producing an early type of Polyantha, with
flowers about the size of a dime, then known by
such names as Paquerette, Mignonette, and s(
on. This year we have added Mignonette to oi
little group, and another of a deep rose color, j
far unidentified.

In this everblooming Polyantha I am showinji,
of lovely pink color, with a fragrance like apple-
blossoms, the clusters are looser than in the
climbing Multiflora. The plant grows to about 4
feet and produces the charming clusters of hips,
so beautiful in autumn on aH these Multifloras.
The climbing forms of these garden Multifloras
are suitable for fences and banks; bush forms art-
shrubbery plants or hedges, not well-behaved
enough for formal bedding. , . . -

The Garland, a hybrid of Moschata and F^clicite
et Perpetue (hybrid Sempervirens), is shown grow-
ing over a trellis made of fence-rails, on the 1 inn
in Maryland. It is a cross of Musk with Multi-
flora, partaking greatly of the Musk in fragrante
and habit of immense clustering. A ckii^littnl
rose, almost white on opening, it quickly bt c<>mcs
white. The glistening dark green foliage <»1 St ni-
pervirens is a feature of the hybrid liliciti
et Perpetue, one of several climbing roses ol this
kind raised by Monsieur Jacques, a fanxms
French gardener and hybridizer. Its hlooins
are a soft creamy white, fuH, fragrant, and
clustering.

The form of the blossom, the way it fa(K - md
dies, make us think Pink Musk Clustii i^ ;'
Musk-Centifolia cross. Its fragrance i' h^"-
Musk, more old-rosey. As a contribution i'> 'lu
question of hardiness in these Musk ro >rs, 1
would say that this Musk has lived on l.on;^ In-
land for several years, as have several otiui c''^^'^
with Musk in their composition.

The Noisette is by far the most interest m}: o
the Musk Hybrids. We have all read the story ol
Champneys' cross of Musk and Old Blush < i nia,
made at Charleston; of the later work of Noisette
in France upon this cross. Last June I sa\N tne
Musk, the Double Musk, and R. Brunom, and

noted them carefully. What I am showing might
almost pass for the Double Musk as far as the
ilower goes, but the growth of the plant is differ-
ent. Notice the outstanding pistil, the clustering,
\ he long, smooth foliage. It checks well with Miss
W illmott's picture of Aimee Vibert. We call it
St. Leonaro.

Blush Noisette, Faded Pink Monthly, is the
iirst Noisette we have found. This rose and St.
Ironard are two we sent to Mr. Nicolas, who
\\ r()te us there was no doubt about both being old
N<»isettes. Both of these roses begin their bloom
in May, and, with slight pauses for breath, keep
It up until frost. This Blush Noisette might have
[)osed for the picture in Redoute's "Les Roses"
for the Rose of Philippe Noisette.

A deeper pink Noisette shows itself to be what
we might expect from a cross of Musk and Old
Blush China, such as Champneys made. It may
be Champneys' Pink Cluster.

The small-flowered Noisette crossed with Tea
roses gave a new class, with larger flowers, longer
stt ms, lesser clusters, finer foliage, but more ten-
derness. Lamarque, Solfaterre, Chromatella,
Reve d Or, Marechal Niel, and La Biche are
familiar names. They bloom on the side shoots
not from the base shoots, and climb remarkably
well, making a great show all summer. Nothing
else in the great group of climbing roses ap-
proaches the Tea-Noisettes where they are
happy All of our Tea-Noisettes— and we have
several— went through a snap of 10° below zero
and came back, except Marechal Niel.

With the Noisette roses we have stepped into
the everblooming group. Old Blush China (1789)
is the rose Champneys used. It has contributed
immensely to the progress of rose development.
Old Blush IS the most prolific and dependable
bloomer in our experience (better in Maryland
h(nveyer, than on Long Island, although always
aithlul there). One stalk shows pink blooms,
buds, spent roses, stamens; it shows the cluster-
inf>;. the linear bracts and reflexing sepals, and
t(|rm of the hm; sniooth foliage and clean stem
with strong red prickles. (We must look for these
Matures in the descendants of Old Blush.) The
1 ea rose. Souvenir d'un Ami, is descended from
the pink and yellow Teas which came from China
e^irly m the 1800's. This rose seems to be pire
lea. I he picture shows the nicely arranged

petals of the front, the closely reflexing sepals of
the back, the flatter look of the spent rose i^s
sepals tightiv reflexed its hip round; the n!
clination of the bud and the rose to nod; the form
of the fphage. In the early times of the Tea rose,
bouvenir d un Ami was considered the perfect

I w9C*

The three great gifts to rose-growing from
Chma were the Old Blush (R. iJica). tL Te^
rose (R. odorata), and the Red China (R semper^
Jiorens) according to early botanical classification.
1 he Ked Chma rose was on our farm, old and
rheumatic, with a long history; it was called
banguinea by Mrs. Brome, from whom we bought
the place. In the Red Chinas the growth is more
wiry, the roses bend more, the foliage is darker
with much purplish red in the young leaves.
1 his rose has some fine descendants -Cramoisie
buperieure, Fabvier, probably Fellemberg. So
many roses were developed from crossing the
two Chinas, and crossing the Teas with the
Chinas, that often it is about impossible to say
where a rose belongs.

Before we leave the China roses and expand on
the early Tea roses we must see what happened

^"iQiT u'S ""^ P«"rbo"» now Reunion Island, but
in 1817 belonging to France. From the few facts
we know, the Bourbon roses were descended from
a spontaneous cross of Old Blush China and a
twice-blooming Damascena. The plant was seg-
regated; seed was taken to France, and a new
race ot roses was developed. Hermosa was origi-
nally classed as a Bourbon; now we call it a
China. It IS perfectly cupped, of a very consis-
tent pink. In the years we have grown Hermosa
1 have never seen it break either in form or color
It was a great bedding rose years ago, and is stilj
a hne rose in any garden. The late Mr. Stevens
said ot It, It IS one of those lovely things that
never die.

Souvenir de la Malmaison, one of the large
Bourbons, is one of the best, although its fra-
grance IS not so pleasing as that of Hermosa. Its
thick petals, of a pearly translucence, are neatly
arranged The bloom is a good example of the
quartered rose, within a fine outline. While it
blooms well except during excessive heat, the
best blooms come in the autumn when the bush
will throw a spreading cluster at the end of a
shoot. Thickness in the foliage, roundness of

The 1938 Annual will be out very soon.
Are your 1938 dues paid?

If not, please use the coupon on the other
side so we can mail your copy.

120

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

leaflet, with some inclination to wave at the
edges, will set Bourbons apart. Unlike the Teas
and Chinas, the Bourbons usually carry their
sepals against the back of the rose. At one time
there were many Bourbons. Now they are few
and far between.

Gloire des Rosomanes was classed in the old
books as a Bourbon but is now found listed as a
China. No record exists as to how Vibert, famous
French grower of a hundred years ago, got this
rose. Here is an entirely different color-line, not
only in its cherry-red blossom but in the shading
of its strongly veined, wavy, deeply serrate leaf-
lets. Gloire des Rosomanes entered into the
class of Hybrid Perpetuals and established a
prominent line of red roses. It is extensively used
m California as an understock under the name
of "Ragged Robin.'*

Early in the 180()'s, the Chinas, Bourbons, and
Noisettes were crossed with the June-blooming
roses, with immense success. In the first edition
of William Paul's "The Rose-Garden," 1848,
there are listed 170 varieties called Hybrid
China, 57 Hybrid Bourbon, 27 Hybrid Noisette.
They all bloomed for one long period, never
twice, and they were mercilessly thrown out of
gardens when Hybrid Perpetuals came with
their remontant promise. Fulgens, Rivers* George
the Fourth, Lord Nelson (dark reddish purple),
and a few others survive. It is altogether likely
that if these roses had been grown to the second
generation, many would have shown the ever-
blooming tendency — such is the story of roses!

Celine, a Hybrid Bourbon, is an old French
rose which has had the down-slanting luck of
Gloire des Rosomanes — that of becoming an
understock. The clean stalks with few prickles,
the leathery, strong foliage, the close clustering
of pale pink, cupped flowers, and the long period
of bloom make this rose more than well worth
having. Mme. Plantier is listed by Paul as a
Hybrid Noisette — the familiar white bush rose
so much loved, the only one we know of as sur-
viving. The loss of these Hybrid China roses is
to be lamented.

After showing single specimens of difi'erent
sorts of roses into which the China rose has en-

tered as a component, we take up the Tea rose
again, especially to speak about the shapes of the
blooms.

Everybody loves the buff and apricot Safrano,
not only for its exquisite bud, but for its semi-
double, open bloom, so cheerful and fragrant.

Not by breeding did yellow Isabella Sprunt
come from Safrano, but as a sport. Duchesse de
Brabant, another much-loved yet-remaining Te.i
rose, is cupped in form, pink in color, and deli-
ciously fragrant.

Mile. Franziska Kriiger and Perle des Jardins
are packed with petals, arranged in a quartered or
starred form, quite different from the loose and
open Safrano. There is a lovely complication of
yellow, copper, and pink, even lilac, in these
roses. The yellow rose, Etoile de Lyon, has the
star form very noticeably.

Mme. Lombard, rosy salmon, very full, very
gay, has curling petals forming many points.
These points, however, make a lovely outline.

The roses I have shown on the screen com-
prise about one-sixth of the different varieties we
nave gathered in and tried to learn something
about, and the pictures have indicated some-
thing of all but a few of the groups into which the
collection falls, up to the time when the Hybrid
Perpetual took trie world by storm and eclipsed
hundreds of the old roses.

Mrs. Keays' illustrated address was the feature of the
Roanoke meeting. The lantern slides as projected showed
the great rose beauty of these old and nearly lost friends,
but it was the knowledge, insight, and sincerity (^f the
speaker that carried the Tar^e audience along. Many who
listened will in consequence join in cherishing what remains
of these old roses, lost in the insensate rush of gardeners and
hybridizers alike for the Hybrid Perpetuals, and later for
the Hybrid Teas.

It is of importance to advise our members that the 19 iH
American Rose Annual will publish an illustrated article
by Mrs. Keays, headed "What Rose is That?", which tt-lls
how to recognize old roses. Editors.

Notice

We need another 1916 Annual. Does
any member know of one for sale?

Secretary, American Rose Society, Harrisburg, Pa.

Herewith my dues

for 1938, as checked below:

n Annual
$3.50

□ 3 Years □ Sustaining
$10.00 $10.00

□ Life
$60.00

tor which I enclose $

1
1

Name

Address -^

Mak

e checks payable to the Amtrican Rose Society

\^'

March-April, 1938

J, Horace Mcj^rknd
and R. Marion Hatton

Vol. II— No. 8

More Members ♦ ♦ ♦

More Results

IDIGHT now the American Rose Society is quite healthy,
-■-^ but not very happy. Its membership of over 3,000 is
amazingly loyal, because more than 70 per cent renew. Yet
these same members are continually asking shrewd and im-
portant new questions, and insisting on more rose help.

The service provided for each member actually costs all
that he pays. If there were more members sharing in the very
low "overhead," more service could be done, even though we
are now told that "no other Society gives half as much for
the money."

Read page 123 of this Magazine. It tells the story. If each
believing member gets half a new member on the average, we
will be happy. If each produces a whole member, the office
here that does the work will be extra happy.

Write Mrs. Edna B. John for membership-getting helps,
and then help, help, help.

.-;\

^^fM^n^t^-^A^ fl/^^^^

^d'hy The AmericanRose Society, HarristuriPa.

^5< a copy • JL50 a year

122

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

THE AMERICAN
ROSE MAGAZINE

Edited by

J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

Published bi-monthly by

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Crescent and Mulberry Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

Subscription price: To members of the American Rose
Society 75 cts. a year. 15 cts. a copy, wbicb amount is
included in the annual dues oj Sj.so.

To all others: $1.50 a year, 25 cts. a copy.

Entered as second-class matter at t he Post Office at Harris-
burg, Pa., under the act of March 3, 1879.

Vol. II. No. 8

1938

March-April

Suggestions Wanted

A Rose Club has just been organized
within the Fort Smith, Ark., Home
Demonstration Club and suggestions are
asked from successful Rose Societies on
the best and most satisfactory way for the
Club to function.

Here is a chance for successful Rose
Societies to render assistance to a sister
organization. Suggestions should be sent
to Miss D. B. Johnson, 115 N. 4th St.,
Fort Smith, Ark.

A California Rose Show

The Pacific Rose Society, jointly with
the Pasadena Horticultural Association,
is going to put on a Rose Show on April
22, 1938, at the Shakespeare Club House
in Pasadena, from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., with
an admission charge of 25 cents. There
will be classes for larger growers as well
as small ones. Also, there will be featured
a rose-arrangement section, one for potted
roses (not canned), and a class for novel-
ties. For further information, get in
touch with Fred W. Walters, President,
1056 Olive Lane, La Canada, Calif.

A Garden Club Tour

The Kentucky Federation of Garden
Clubs is making an old homes and gardens
tour in Kentucky, May 21, 22 and 23.
Full information can be secured from
Mrs. L. R. Robinson, Corresponding Sec-
retary, Garden Club of Kentucky, Bowl-
ing Green, Ky.

A Correction

In getting together the material which
was included in **In Memory of Dr.
Nicolas** as printed on page 99 of the
1938 Rose Annual, the Editor used this
sentence, referring to Dr. Nicolas: "Ik-
bred into the life-stream of Hybrid Tea
roses the hardy Nutkana of Alaska."

Very properly, Father Schoener has
objected to this statement as inaccurate,
for the source of the Nutkana strain as
used by Dr. Nicolas was Schoener's
Nutkana, introduced in 1930 by The
Conard-Pyle Company as "a shrub hybrid
of R. nutkana X Paul Neyron."

The Editor apologizes to Father
Schoener for having neglected to empha-
size his vital part in this important
hybridization.

The 1938 Summer Meeting

The Summer Meeting of the American
Rose Society will be held in Hartford,
Conn., June 21 and 22, 1938. This will
give the members an opportunity to visit
the famed Elizabeth Park Rose-Garden,
and there witness the presentation of thi-
Society's Gold Medal to Theodore Wirth,
who started this famous Rose-Garden
twenty-five years ago.

There will be dinners and a luncheon,
interesting speakers, and visits in and
around historic Hartford. New England
is great vacation country. Why not plan
your vacation this summer to incln k'
this meeting?

A notice giving the full programme a '
hotel information will be mailed later.

— The SECRETAir

Leonard Barron Honored

At the Flower Show Banquet ol
Horticultural Society of New York.
March 15, Leonard Barron, Past-p!
dent of the American Rose Society,
presented with the Society's large (
Medal of Achievement, inscri,
** Awarded to Leonard Barron for his -
standing work in Horticulture, anc
acknowledgment of his services to
Society in its incorporation and the c-'
lishment of its ideals."

l;' I

■n

The Membership Campaign— Is It Yours ?

A^ L^^J^'l-"'^.^^'"^ ?^ the Trustees held in 1937, President Barron erected a

lA Membership Committee with Dr. J. Horace McFarland as Chairman. Much

. X discussion occurred as to various plans for increasing membership, the out-

.me ol which was the appointment by the Executive Committee of Mrs Edna B

hn as Membership Secretary, operating with the Secretary's office in Harrisburg*

Correspondence between the President-elect,
I )i . Kirk, Mr. Barron, and the Chairman of the
Nhmbership Committee, brought about the
pirparation of a uniquely beautiful invitation
lo membership available to members willing to
prcsorit the Society's claims to their friends.
I his invitation uses the dainty colored frontis-
pi. cc of the 1937 Annual entitled "The Mary
l.iwrance Roses of 1799."

Mrs. John began her relation to the member-
ship work in December, 1937, and has been kept
busy, mostly by correspondence. Among other
it( Ills of advance she has prepared a "clip sheet"
of short, terse items taken from the American
Kost' Annual, which can advance the cause of
the rose m any community. Members are asked
to request copies of this "clip sheet," which can
!)<• sent at once, without charge, in good order
for use in local newspapers.

Deeply impressed by Mr. Francis E. Lester's
article in the 1938 Annual, "Anyone Can Grow
.1 Kose (see page 124), the Membership Com-
nmtee is providing "separates" of that article
which ought to be useful in encouraging a friend
to begin rose-growing. Copies of this will be
immediately furnished without charge on ap-
plication, and their distribution is urged. (Ask
for 'Lester reprint.")

The Membership Secretary earnestly urges
nu mbers to send in the names of friends who
ou^ht to be in the Society, and to whom she may

at once send the beautiful Mary Lawrance in-
vitation, using the name of a member as sponsor.
1 he prehminary use of this attractive card has
been most encouraging.

The Secretary's office also reports pleasing co-
operation. Several prominent members through-
out the country are earnestly endeavoring to
interest rose friends. When this paragraph was
written, March 24, there had been already
enrolled 419 new members for 1938, in addition
to 2297 renewals by old members— more than
70 per cent. We are heading for at least 4,000
niembers by July 1, and ask cooperation toward
that easy goal. This cooperation can take many
forms. Lists may be sent to the Membership
^fcretary at Harrisburg, to be used with either
the Mary Lawrance invitation above referred to,
or with the simpler Victoria Harrington invita-
tion. Mrs. T. H. Scott, of Atlanta, one of the
directors of the Georgia Rose Society, wrote
261 letters suggesting membership.
M^¥ S.^'f^^^^ry joins the Chairman of the
Membership Committee in this request for names
ot those who may be invited to membership, for
their good and for the good of the Rose Society.
Haven t you a rose-growing friend who ought
to be with you? We will send you application
blanks, or the Victoria Harrington invitations
it you prefer, or as above noted, immediate at-
tention will be given to names and addresses of
those whom you would want us to invite.

Show Your 1938 Annual

nl'.minrth'.'^!ny! ^"/^^/"^fi^^nRose Society you can interest rose friends by ex-
plaining the interest and value of the Annual. No one who buys roses can fail to
appreciate the cash value in the "Proof of the Pudding" this year

About New Members

A member of the Society writes the
olitor as follows:

Recently I saw a note in one of the magazines
to the effect that the New England Gladiolus
Society had about 4,000 members. If that is
correct It means that a society limited to New
1 n^land has as many members as the American
t|osf bociety which is national in its scope— and
n* " ^""^e, to use a common expression. As of
Ueccmber 31 the American Rose Society had
^>v<r i,l80 members. If each member could
rjiln '" ^"^^ "^"^ members it would add over
rU<H) new members to the organization and ap-
proach the 10,000 members suggested by tL
Pns.dent of the Society. That ifnot an impos-

sible goal or one that should not be an objective
and It IS well worth seeking. The interest in
roses must be spread largely by those interested
^". the cultivation of the rose and in the success
ot the Rose Society. At the present time we have
the background in an existing society of long
standing with a work over a period of years that
has meant much to the rose-world, and with
many members who are outstanding in the rose-
work and in rose-growing. A collection of the
articles in the Rose Annual constitutes a veritable
encyclopedia of rose information, and the Society
otters to members the assistance of some of the
finest rose-growers in the world. All this justifies
some responsibility on the part of members to
bring within the membership all who are inter-

124

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

125

cstecl in the culture of the rose, and if this
responsibility is felt by all members it ought to
result in a large increase in membership.

One of the difliculties which affects rose-grow-
ing is the feeling, more or less prevalent, that it
is difheult. I know it is not and I think that fact
ought to be preached from the housetops. Last
year two people who had never grown roses
started to do so, largely on my statement that it
was not difficult. Today they are enthusiastic
rosarians. I strongly fxlieve we should talk and
write about the fact that roses can be grown by
anyone if a few fundamental things are recog-

nized and practiced. As soon as the puislic reail
believes this I am sure the meml^ership of th(
Society will grow steadily. I am going to pract ic >
what I preach and produce two new memfxi .
for the year 1938.

The Secretary thanks this member and
advises others that "Anyone Can Grow
a Rose," from pages 124-127 in the 1938
Annual, has been separately reprinted,
and copies to hand to "prospects" can bt
had without charge on application.

$500 and Trophy Offered for a New Rose

A PRIZE OFFER REPEATED

As this spring Is the hltest that plants winters and two summers in the test-garden.
I ♦^^ - I "^ <-U,. o^##.,*. U^^^c .!r^ Plants must be delivered not later than spring,

can be tmtered in the Better Homes ■- ^,^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^j^^, -^.^gment will be made m

Gardens Contest for a new rose to be summer, 1940.

named l)y them, we reprint the notice One plant should also be sent to each mcinJK r

pubhshed in the March April 1934 and <^!" the Award Committee for close study and

May-June 1937 issues of the Magazine. ^^^^^'''''^ adaptab.l.ty to ..tlu,

The magazine Better Homes ("^ Gardens xhe judging scale will be as follows:
proffers a trophy and $500 in cash for a Points

bush, everblooming, red rose, hardy in jlardiness in Iowa without protection . . M\

I '^-i ♦.„*♦• ^ ' Vigor and habit ot growth l'>

Iowa without protection. ^^.^^^ ^^^ freedom from insects and disease !<•

Clearness and lastingness of red color . . . .20

Read Conditions Carefully Good double form K'

T' , • I III I vu *u A ,1 r ,. Remontant (everblooming) quality 1"

hntries should be made with the Award Com- r> r f^/ m .7

f *u A • i> c ' * reriume "i

mittee ot the American Kose bociety.

The plants are to be set in the Greenwood Award may be postponed or withheld if nn

Park Rose Garden, Des Moines, Iowa, established entry scores at least 90, or even 95.
by the Des Moines Garden Club. The Park De- The donor of the prize reserves the privili ^'

partment will build sjx'cial beds for Roses entered of naming the winning rose,
in this Contest. The Secretary will supply additional infornii

Not less than ten plants should be sent, and tion. All who intend to submit roses for tn I

the rose shall have |)assed through at least two should write h'lm Jirst for complete instructi(»n

The Trustees Meet

The Trustees of the American Rose Society
met in Harrisburg, Pa., Saturday, March 19,
1938, with President Kirk, J. Horace McFarland,
C. R. McGinnes, S. S. Pennock, E. A. Piester,
Robert Pyle, and the Secretary, present.

June 21 and 22 were selected for the Summer
Meeting at Hartford, Conn.

The Nicholson Bowl was awarded to the Utah
Rose Society for 1939. (See pages 97 and facing
105 in 1938 Annual.) It was voted to set an
annual date after which applications for this
Nicholson Bowl would not be accepted, this
date to be published in the next Handbook.

After full discussion, Salt Lake City, Utah,
was selected for the 1939 Summer Meeting.
While there the members will be in charge of
the Utah Rose Society.

The Secretary announced a gift of $25 by
Mrs. 11. D. Page, of Mason City, Iowa, to the

Commercial Rose Interests Fund for the <
tinuance of Professor Maney's understock
vestigation at Iowa State College. An appri)|
tion of $200 was made from the Comim
Rose Interests Fund (this to include the ;>!
noted $25) for the Iowa State College, to bt
for the continuance of the understock '
above mentioned.

The Secretary was instructed to dividt
understocks Professor Maney may have r
between Cornell University and the Vir.'
Polytechnic Institute, where President Kill.
arranged for full cooperation.

There was also appropriated from the <
mercial Rose Interests Fund $200 for ( '
University, the money to be used by Prol. I'
Allen for cooperative rose research work, cit .
with understock studies and cultural proi)!
This appropriation followed statements m;t< '

Secretary and Dr. McFarland relating to a
-.it to Cornell on March 5.

After extended discussion about club member-
i|), Mr. Piester was asked to rewrite Section 4

the Constitution regarding Sustaining and
liliated Club Members, so it could be reported

the Trustees, and presented for action at the
iiuial Meeting this fall.

Mr. Pyle presented a plan for increasing rose

I rest in various horticultural groups. After

cussion, his motion was adopted "that we

rinulate plans for the appointment of an official

->arian m every horticultural group that

alilies to the standards we shall set up."

The Editor was requested to present to the

Good Medicine

"Who brings to birtb a rose or violet sweet
Has made the joy of living more complete.'*

Some years ago an old gentleman,
desperately ill, was sent to the Elk's
X.'itional Home at Bedford City, Va., to
spcFid his last days. He was not content
to .sit idly around, and soon was working
on the lawn around the home. The
exercise, the climate, and the spiritual
uplift caused such an unexpected im-
provement that soon he was given carte
blanche to beautify the place with flowers.
Ills efforts were so outstanding that the
city government, the garden clubs, and
the people generally became greatly inter-
ested and a movement to make "Bedford
Bcautifur' began. Thousands of tulips,
ins, and other spring flowers were planted
and much landscaping done. So was born
Bedlord Floral Park.

1 ast year a rose-garden was started. The
President of the American Rose Society
lecls complimented that a bed of 75 roses
's to be dedicated to him. There will be
a formal opening of the rose-garden on
May 1, when the Governor and his lady
aiul other notables will be present. It is
ex|)ccted that American Rose Society
numbers will go to Bedford City on May
1 'o see the great progress already made,
;»'"! to meet Mr. George F. Laage, hale,
Ik -rty and happy as director of Bedford
M":al Park.

' his movement is truly a community

rprise beginning at Bedford Floral

K to make "Bedford Beautiful." It is

iixed determination to make it Vir-

I's most beautiful little city.

— T. Allen Kirk

en
P.
tir

next meeting of the Trustees plans and a budget
for publishing the American Rose Magazine
monthly, in the same size of page as the Annual.

A letter from Dr. Gamble, Chairman of the
Rosarium Committee, suggested a new site for
the proposed Rosarium. It was arranged that
President Kirk and Mr. Piester visit this site
the next day, so that a report may be made upon
It to the Trustees.

After a full discussion of the work of the
Membership Secretary Mrs. E. B. John, it was
agreed to continue the effort until July 1. The
Chairman of the Membership Committee and
the Secretary reported on the membership drive,
as elsewhere presented.

Success in Indiana

We have always thought that thorough
preparation of the rose-bed is the first,
and perhaps the most important step
toward success in growing roses. We like
to trench the bed to a depth of about two
feet, place in the bottom of the trench a
generous layer of manure, over this in-
verted blue-grass sods if obtainable, then
finish filling in with the soil taken from
the trench. If soil is too heavy, or if it is
inclined to bake, add to the top layer
some leaf-mold, peat moss, or some light
soil from the compost heap. With the
bed prepared in this way the rose roots
will burrow deep, and the plants will be
more vigorous, and longer lived.

— Rebecca Parker, Salem, hid.

Alone with a Rose

I'm keeping the rose you gave to me,

The night when you said adieu;
It rests by my bed when I lie down to sleep.

Its fragrance reminds me of you.

Each petal is marred by the tears I have shed;

Each beautiful flower that grows
Has faded and gone like a garden of dreams.

And left me with naught— but a rose.

I hear a faint whisper; you seem to be near
When I rest me in peaceful repose;

Living again all the joys that were mine.
The night when you gave me the rose.

Plaintive and low, like an echoing call,

Into my dreaming there flows
Songs that we sang by the old waterfall,

Kissed by the breath of a rose.

Sleep on, the years, nor wake me again,
From the scenes that memory knows;

And leave me to weep in a desolate place,
Alone with a rose just a rose.

— Ted K. Wray.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

127

The Campaign for Disease Control in 1938

YliS, the Campaign is going to be
continued this season, ij enough
members are interested to make the
organized ejfort worth while. There will be
no change in the plan followed the past
four seasons, as presented in the Annual
for 1934. The only prerequisite is reason-
able assurance that the prograrn under-
taken will be prosecuted faithfully
throughout the season and a report sub-
mitted on what was done and on the
results obtained. Calendars will again be
available to participators, with the month
of March added. Let us know at once if
you want to participate. (At least 200
new cooperators ought to join this under-
taking this season.)

The article on sprays and dusts in the
last (January-February) number of the
Magazine, and those in the Annual for
1938, should give you some help in the
selection of materials to use. Past ex-
perience should go far in your guidance,
and consideration should be given to the
fact that most failures are due to inade-
quate use of the material rather than to
the material itself. So do not keep
changing from one material to another
unless you are satisfied that your appli-
cations were made thoroughly and timely.
Help in meeting your problems is avail-
able to you for the asking, and timely sug-
gestions will be made in the issues of the
Magazine during the season; but the final
answer to the problem of disease and
insect control in your own garden must
be largely shaped by your own efforts in
applying the results of the investigator.

If black-spot is a problem in your gar-
den and you expect to hold it in check,
you should be prepared to begin spraying
or dusting with the opening of the first
leaf-buds. You may rest assured that the
fungus will be present and ready at that
time. Delay on your part may let the
disease get started, to your distinct dis-
advantage. So get your materials on
hand and see that your sprayer or duster
is ready for action. New gaskets, valves,
hose, or nozzles may be needed. Further,
the hole in the nozzle-disk may now be

worn so large that the spray Is no longc r
broken into a fine mist.

Black-spot and its conti*ol is the decid-
ing factor in determining the spray or
dust program in most gardens. If i\us
disease is regularly a problem, and is held
in check you will largely have controlled tin-
other troubles. Spring and early suninKi,
with their frequent rains and with condi-
tions favoring rapid plant-growth pro\ idc
the critical period for black-spot. Rains
tend to dissipate the deposit of fungicide
on the leaves. Rapid growth means that
you must spray often to provide protec-
tion for new leaves and for the increased
size of the older ones.

Applications as often as twice a unk
may be needed during the early season for
adequate protection.

The frequency and total number (»!
applications are largely determined bv
the weather. Whenever the foliage is \\ et
continuously for as long as six hours, con-
ditions are favorable for infection; and
the only preventive is a coating of lun<zi-
cide on the foliage, placed there in ad\ am e
of the rain. So spray or dust before- not
after — rains. Start as soon as the first
leaves are about a half inch in length, and
be prepared to follow with additional
applications as needed. One big acKan-
tage that dusting has over spraying is tlii'
speed w^ith which it can be done. With
warning but shortly in advance of ram,
the plants can still be covered, and hnel
periods between showers can also he
utilized. The plants should never uo
through a single rain period without a
protective coating of fungicide on i lie
foliage, both upper and lower surface-

With greater and adequate emphas; on
frequent, timely applications, the covlU-
tration of sprays may be usually red.- id
without lowered efficiency, and the • ist
applied in lighter doses. The dangi ol
burning is thus lessened and discolora 'H
reduced to a minimum. But there ; '<>
be no compromise with thoroughne "
the surfaces must be covered. Yon if
reminded that the sulphur dust mus' ^^^
specially prepared, of 325 or greater 'ml-

I'.'ii

rss; that sprays should contain a mate-

il to assure proper wetting and spread-

- on the waxy rose leaf; that the rose is

obably both copper- and lime-sensitive

■ that sprays containing either or both

these ingredients should be used with

tion; and that arsenate of lead may

well be omitted unless needed for the
control of chewing insects.

Let us this year decide to intelligently
attack this problem of disease control to
convince ourselves of its practicability,
and that the job is not so disagreeable
alter all.— L M. Massey.

The Rose Midge in Wisconsin-and Elsewhere

AFTER reading the November-De-
/Acember Magazine I greatly fear
i XMrs. Bailey has that nasty pest, the
r< <se midge— small but mighty. My garden
at La Pointe, Wise, has been covered
with It for the past five to six years.
Perhaps you would be interested to knovv
ni\ methods of control and what results
they have brought.

When the blasted new growth first ap-
peared in the garden, knowing nothing
about the midge, I thought I had some
lorrn of bud-rot, and increased my spray-
ing with Tri-ogen accordingly, using
double strength all season long with no
results. Being of a questioning turn of
nnnd, I started to pull apart all the new
growths, whereupon I found they were
lull (>f tiny white maggot-like creatures,
too far in for a spray to reach, which
girdled the bud, causing it to rot and drop
mit. That summer, after the first glorious
burst (which I had as the nights are cool
'dm\ the insect evidently does not fly then),
there was practically no bloom in my
Sarden. Many times after a careful
search I could not find enough perfect
roses from six hundred plants to make a
bou 1 lor my table. So you may know the
m testation was bad!

1 increased the spraying to once a week
or oltener, but still with no results. This
jvnit on for several years, with constant
nand-picking as a side-line in the control,
and getting nowhere rapidly.

. I wo years ago I tried a tobacco mulch
\\'t I the Tri-ogen, but that seemed to

have no effect. Tri-ogen seemed to have
had a good test, so I decided to try Porno-
green with nicotine, thinking that perhaps
the midge would be as annoyed by the
constant smell of the tobacco and sulphur
as I was. I also used the tobacco mulch
again, and dusted at least once a week,
and oftener if we had heavy rains in
between. Particular attention was paid
to getting the dust on the new growth
quite heavily. It gave the garden a rather
poisonously green look, but for the first
time in six years my garden was in con-
stant bloom up to snow time, and though
the midge is, unfortunately, still present,
and probably will continue, as other rose-
growers around me have done nothing to
control it, at least it is decreased in my
plants and will probably be less next year
under similar treatment.

Talking with rose-growers in Minne-
apolis and Duluth, I find they have had
the same trouble. Anything you can find
to stop the cycle of this beastly pest,
which will be easier than my somewhat
cumbersome method, will be greatly ap-
preciated by me. In the meantime may I
wish the best of luck to all those hapless
creatures— rose-lovers with midges in
their gardens! They will have to have
perseverance and patience to overcome
the enemy.

Incidentally, this treatment is wonder-
ful for black-spot! Has anyone tried soak-
ing the ground with a pyrethrum solution?
I m trying that next summer.
—Elizabeth A. Hull, Ridgefield, Conn.

Rose Water

he' 'rnh^ft ^ ^"^ 7'''^^ ""^ <i"^ '"S^^ ^"^ ^'•^P «n it four drops of the essence of rose
^-'^cmTL^^^^^ perfeetly bfended; poToTit'te

dis^nied watJr I^^^^^ mmutes and then mix with two qua.ts of cold

Bo^^Ie fo7Z.~AmeZ^^^^^^ ^'^' ""^ '^^" ''^''^ '^'^^^^ ^ P-- -^ Aannel.

th
pi

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

129

Good Roses in South Florida

ROSES grow large and give magnifi-
cent bloom, not to be surpassed,
^ in southern Florida, particularly
after mid-January. The soil conditions do
not begin to approach those of the North.
There is a predominant idea that clay,
which is not easily obtainable, must be
used. Another idea is that many roses
grown in the North will not do well in
Florida, which may be true in a very few
cases.

Most of the stock comes from Texas
and is planted in November or later. If
well bought, these plants, costing 25 cents
each, are big and husky, with fine roots;
more can be paid but no better plants
are obtained. Frequently much smaller
plants are sold at the same price, and
either die or do not give the success the
larger plants do.

Due to trying southern Florida condi-
tions, it is generally admitted that roses
should be treated as annuals, and planted
every year. Yet, given good care through-
out the summer, many of the older plants
last for several years. Many growers here
are from the North and they go home in
April, leaving the rose-garden to the
ravages of aphis and black-spot, particu-
larly the latter; it is no wonder the plants
weaken or die out entirely. Many who do
remain the year round simply let the
plants survive, if they can, and the result
is about the same.

Some say they cannot grow roses be-
cause the requirements are too onerous;
it costs too much for marl and cow-
manure. (Marl is a whitish sticky material
of a clayey nature, and the cow-manure is
a dairy product without straw, or refuse
of any nature, seldom obtainable in rotted
condition.) One grower in Orlando has
the temerity to belittle marl as a neces-
sity, suggesting that the cost be invested
in more cow-manure; and there can be no
question regarding his contention. There
is too much copying of northern w riters in
the literature available, and too often it is
"old stuff.** Some do not like cow-manure
because of the seeds of Bermuda grass
which grow profusely in the summer but
die to the ground in the fall.

The natural soil is sand of almost vir-
ginal purity. It packs very closely when
wet but, with added humus in the form ol
muck or manure, together with commer-
cial fertilizer, it will grow roses just as fiiu
and just as many, if not more, than an\
soil in the North or anyw^here else. In
many instances this sand is as white as
sugar. The writer has never used marl,
but painters, plumbers, and carpenters
have frequently advised him that without
marl no roses can be grown.

The reader should know that 1 am
writing, not to give advice but rather to
simplify and correct the ideas so prevalent.
I insist that with good plants at the start,
roses, with the aid of fertilizers, will grow
in almost any soil. Plants set in December
are often 5 feet high in April and gi\c
magnificent blooms in great abundance
throughout the "winter.** Eight weeks or
even less after the plants are set they arc
in bloom. Aphis may appear at any time
but black-spot is of no consequence until
late March.

The desire for roses may be present,
but too much originality in the planting,
plus the general summer neglect sjx'lls
disaster. In laterally hundreds of in-
stances there is a magnificent display orie
year and nothing at all the next. Mi«'
few who do have success year after \t.ir
use commercial fertilizers and give picn; «.
of water during the dry months. I
tilizers are applied every three to I'
wTcks until about the first of Aum
when nature provides more water ti
is required. We are taught that rose
not like wet feet, yet in summer w
frequently stands 6 inches or more <■
all over the area, remaining for se^
days. They live through it, although
haps such conditions may accouFit
some of the losses.

There is little or no rest period, lu
to prune hard is a somewhat danp i
practice in the too-sudden removal <■
top. A stem of half an inch when pi. i
may be over an inch in diameter in a
"whacking** can do more harm than ,
The sensible cutting out of stems Ium\
there at various times is better treat r

(•' -

While popular writers insist that the
eas are best for the South, yet practi-
.lly all of the blooms nod and are not
. fapted to cutting. Actually, most of the
, )ses grown here in beds are Hybrid Teas.
)uis Philippe, an old Bengal rose, widely
k lown as the "Florida** or "Cracker**
; ;se, thrives, and, given any care at ail,
; (takes a fine bush and lasts for years. The
(Jierokee is a strong climber, and withal
.! fuurderous brute to handle.

Little or nothing is done here to combat
black-spot and die-back. Picking off
(nery last leaf in November is excellent
practice in combating black-spot, for
little will appear until March. Otherwise

there is a tendency for it to prevail in the
interval.

In truth, general conditions are, when
understood, ideal, and plain common
sense is all that is required to grow the
best of roses. There are no mysteries and
no difficulties whatever beyond those in-
vented and maintained by hearsay. Any-
one desiring roses in southern Florida can
have them in abundance and with less
trouble than other flowers.— Thorn Smith,
Fort Myers, Fla.

Editor's Note. — Here is a clear and reason-
able answer to the whine as to rose failures in
Florida. There is no fault in the rose or in the
climate; the faults are those of neglect, tradition,
and plain laziness.

The 1938 Potomac Rose Show

THE 1938 Potomac Rose Show will
be held October 1 and 2, 1938, in
the New National Museum, Con-
stitution Avenue, Washington, D. C. It
lias been going for the past six years and
has been so heartily supported by the ama-
teur rose-growers of the District of Colum-
bia, Maryland, and Virginia, that it bids
lair to become almost a national rose dis-
play. It is not unlikely that some 20,000
ol the best people of the area who love
flowers will see this year's two-day rose
presentation.

The object of this rose show is, first of
all, to mcrease the number of fine roses
in the home-gardens of those who have
planting space for them, and, second, to
niake the Washington, D. C, area more
conscious of what this flower has to ofl'er
in the way of uplift and enjoyment.

Having finer roses in October means
lenrning to do several things well. In-
creasing the interest of fine folks in the
rose' means the presentation of roses of
quahty.

I.he 1938 exhibit will be largely a rose
vanety display— that is, roses of the
(lil'orent colors will be shown as varieties.
l^^'i example, there will be some thirteen
da scs for red roses and altogether over
^1' /ndred variety classes for the red, dark
P";^. light pink, yellow, white, and bi-
col.rs.

'• special eff'ort is being made this year
to ave the newer varieties on display so

that they may be compared by the some
2,000 home gardeners, with the best of
the standard or established varieties.

This national rose display, if it is to
best present this flower, needs the active
cooperation of the rosemen and women
of the Nation, and it expects that from
those within short rose shipping reach of
this rose event. Roses can be carried by
auto 500 miles or more and arrive in fine
show condition. The following method
has worked well for the writer.

Secure large-sized ice-cream cans. Place an
inch of excelsior in the bottom of each. Cut
blooms less than half open. Add a peck of ice
and enough water to bring the same up to % the
length of stems. Put the roses into the cans as
cut, heme careful to have the can loosely but
snugly filled with roses. Put on the cover. At-
tach variety name to handle on lid. Wrap ice-
c/'eam can with newspapers. Load, and head for
the Potomac Rose Show so that they arrive there
the evening of September 30, or if within 100
miles, make a start which will get them there by
9 A.M., October 1.

In this way the Potomac Rose Society
sent a rose exhibit of its members to the
rose show of the Virginia Garden Club,
some 250 miles, and they arrived the
evening before after a day's ride at an
outside temperature of 90° to 95°— and
were in perfect show shape the next day.

This early notice is sent now, so that
all interested may begin preparation and
so arrive with their best quality blooms.
— J. A. Gamble, Chairman,

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

131

Three Presidents Tell How to Win Prizes

DR. T. Allen Kirk, President of the
American Rose Society, Arthur J.
Webster, President of the Ontario
Rose Society, and H. W. Smith, President
of the Seattle Rose Society, are three
widely separated members of the Society
whose roses are consistent winners of blue
ribbons at the shows. Here is how they
do it.

Growing Roses for Shows

Exhibition roses rarely ever come by chance,
although occasionally one seems to do so. I have
seen the "Queen of the Show" come from a garden
where there was only one rose, but inquiry in this
case ehcited the fact that all the love and work
of an individual, who almost worshipped the
beauty of that one rose, was expendeci upon it.
Certain varieties are outstanding in the produc-
tion of exhibition bloom. Witness the names of
the winners in the big shows, particularly those
of England where exhibiting is a fine art, not
only among the plantsmen but among the ama-
teurs as well. Select varieties which produce
show bloom and plant them properly. In select-
ing, keep in mind the difference between exhibi-
tion and decorative sorts. Both types have a
place and provision should be made on the pro-
gram for both of them. They should not be in
competition one with the other.

Planting is most important and it should be
done properly. A few roses give their best bloom
the first year and seem to decline afterward.
Most, however, improve after the first year.
Some are better as maidens and should be budded
the previous year and allowed to grow where
budded. A knowledge of these facts helps
greatly.

For real show bloom, pruning should be very
hard. The weaker growing the plant, the harder
the pruning. Kemaidening is very often neces-
sary. At pruning-time, much can be done in the
way of selecting the proper buds to come into
bloom at show-time. It is usually wise to attempt
to select so as to bring blooms to maturity a
little ahead of and a little after, as well as on the
expected date. There is no certainty of the ability
to do this but something can be done. It is right
much a matter of experience, but the weather
element also plays some part, and forecasting the
weather is always a gamble. From the beginning
of a rose-garden, cultivating the soil, keeping a
dust-mulch on the beds, and a regular and thor-
ough spraying or dusting is essential to success.
Of all mulches, nothing else seems quite so good
as the constant dust-mulch. For spraying,
bordeaux, arsenate of lead, and nicotine in the
early season, replaced with one of the non-stain-
ing sprays or dusts a few weeks before show-
time, seem most desirable. Stains of spray do
not help a rose in a show; neither do the marks of
disease or insect damage. Therefore, disease and

insects should be constantly combated by spray-
ing or dusting. These results can be obtained by
constant coverage with fungicide and insecticidr.

Nearing show-time, the most promising pros-
pects should be noted and poor ones marked for
sacrifice at the proper time. A bloom which seeriis
a little slow may be hastened a little by cuttinj^
away less promising buds or perhaps other cane s
on the plant. They may also be advanced by
covering them with good-sized glass jars fastened
to stakes making little hothouses. Plenty ul
water also helps to advance them. They may be
retarded with the aid of generous-sized parasols
or sunshades made of some dark, almost opaque-
material such as dark brown wrapping paper.
Withholding water also tends to retard develof;-
ment. Some experts retard the opening of bloom
by tying with soft yarn placed inside the outt r
circle of petals. Tying should be tight enough to
hold the petals in place but never enough to
bruise them. Others depend on a few days in tlu
refrigerator to hold blooms in proper condition
for the show, but there is a limit to the length of
time this can be done without causing dullness
and loss of finish.

Cutting is best done in the early morning be-
tween dawn and sunrise. The roses selected
should first be labeled, then cut with a very sharp
knife and plunged up to the neck in cool wat( r
which has been brought into the garden. If many
are to be cut, it is wise to provide several con-
tainers of water so that they may not have to
remain outdoors more than a few minutes and
the different lots can be taken into the cellar ;is
soon as possible. If it is not possible to cut .it
dawn, cutting may be done in the late evening,
after the sun has gone down, but dawn is beltt r.
Cutting should be done, as far as possible, tlu
day before the show and the roses immersed io
the neck in cool water, kept in cool, draft k^^
cellars where the light is subdued to "harden
Roses so handled will last much longer und r
unfavorable conditions than those hand! I
otherwise.

After arrival at the show the bloom previou iv
labeled should have the end of the stem fresluiw d
by cutting off half an inch with a sharp knil<
crushing it with the teeth as one very exi)' i
showman does, then placed in the recept.i'
provided, being sure tnat the container is Hi! i
with clean, fresh, cool water. Take pains t< •
that the exhibits are placed properly accor(' i
to the classification list. Nothing remains hv.' "
go out and enjoy yourself while the judges w •
When they are through and you are pernu ' I
to come back and see what has happened, \vr; '
smile.

Fall shows require some differences or nuxl :i-
cations in methods of preparation. It is \v« K ' '
endeavor, to make the plants rest through ^^
hot months by removing buds to prevent ii '
blooming. Withholding water as much as pos^i!^ "
until about eight weeks before show-timt - '
helps to produce more and better bloom i'\ '••■'
fall. Cultivation and spraying should cont; '^

uibated. When it is possible, plants intended
r show purposes should be planted where they
ill be shaded from the afternoon sun. About
u middle of August in this climate, or about

< ;^M

dit weeks before show-time, the plants should
■» pruned back, allowing only strong canes to
t; main and only three or four eyes to the cane, not
t|dite so severely as in the spring. At this time
^ive a good feeding and begin to water. It is
( angerous to use fertilizer after August, but if
one does not object to sacrificing plants in order
to vyin ribbons, light fertilizing may be continued
until the blooms are formed. Later, when somt
estimate of the number and quality of flowers
that a plant is going to produce may be made,
tile weaker and less promising shoots should be
pruned off and the strength of the plant limited
to the more promising stems. This, of course,
requires experience and judgment.

As cooler weather approaches, it may be help-
ful to surround plants selected to produce show
flowers with cloth, cellophane, or glass-covered
frames or houses for protection from insects and
weather and also for advancement. Fall flowers
open more slowly than those in the spring. Those
advancing too rapidly may be held back by the
same means as in the spring. These methods
have been satisfactory with us but after all is
said and done experience is the best teacher.
Study and cultivate actively and exhibit freely
and e)ften. You will not win all the prizes (I
hope) but you will win all you deserve, and you
will learn much and enjoy doing it if you smile. —
T. Allen Kirk, Roanoke, Va.

The Growing of Roses for
Exhibition

The secret of success in exhibiting roses lies
l^irgely in the degree of thoroughness with which
the cultural duties are performed. The motions
through vvhich the exhibitor goes, insofar as the
actual culture is concerned, are similar to those
of the gardener who grows his roses for garden
ckeoratiye purposes, but with more strict atten-
tion te) detail, to the time factor, and to varietv
capabilities.

Before entering upon a discussion of the sub-
jtci under consideration, allow me to urge all
numbers of the Society to exhibit at their local
rose sfiows, not because of the possibility of gain-
in;.^ either glory or prizes of material value, as I
regard these things as merely incidental, but be-
cause the more careful cultural methods em-
ployed enable one to become better acquainted
with roses and their requirements, and because
til. natural desire to make a creditable showing
induces more intelligent and critical observation
ami stimulates a desire for greater rose knowledge.
1 H'ls the exhibiting of roses, if carried out with a
tn.r spirit of sportsmanship, constitutes, like
viriue, its own reward.

^ ^t us assume at the outset that the roses from

V" M ^""'^ 'I'^P^ ^? ^^^^^^ «"r exhibition blooms
' n all established plants, that the original stock
^^•'• of good quality and with well-developed
ro.. I -systems, that the beds were dug deeply
Pri^r to planting, that drainage is adequate, that

the natural exhaustion of plant-food in the soil
has been remedied by liberal applications of
hardwood ashes and bone-flour, incorporated
with the top-soil just prior to the freeze-up in the
previous autumn, and that fallen rose-leaves
were removed from the beds. Let us assume,
also, that if the roses were attacked seriously by
black-spot during the previous season, the top-
soil has been removed to a depth of 2 inches and
replaced by fresh soil in which roses have not
been grown for at least several years. This action,
of course, eliminates a fruitful source of infection,
and IS a very effective preventive measure in the
battle against black-spot.

It is suggested that several plants of carefully
chosen varieties be planted rather than one each
of many varieties. The chances of having good
blooms of any given sort at any date are thereby
enhanced.

The first major operation is pruning, and,
while there is much controversy amongst growers
regarding the respective merits of light and
severe pruning when growing merely for garden
decoration, I am convinced that severe pruning
of exhibition varieties of Hybrid Teas and Hybrid
Perpetuals is imperative where high quality of
bloom IS desired, subject to certain exceptions in
the cases of the varieties Dame Edith Helen,
George Dickson and Souvenir de Claudius Per-
net, all of which are inclined at times to produce
malformed blooms in the first crop. By severe
pruning I mean the cutting of Hybrid Teas to
three to four eyes from the "bud," and Hybrid
Perpetuals to six eyes from the "bud," always
having the topmost eye facing outward from the
center of the plant. The latter precaution assures
tree air circulation and the admission of health-
producing sunlight. The date of pruning should
depend to some extent on the date set for the
rose show at which one plans to compete. The
time required from the date of pruning to that of
the appearance of the first bloom of varieties
capable of producing exhibition blooms is about
sixty days under average weather conditions.
With purely decorative sorts— having fewer
petals— the time required is several days less.
Abnormal weather, however, will delay or expe-
dite the opening of the first bloom by two or
three days.

The pruning should be followed by the applica-
t^^^'J o[ 'I heavy dressing of nitrogenous fertilizer,
and I know of nothing more eflicacious than well-
decayed cow-manure with relatively little straw,
forked lightly into the soil. Cow-manure is cooler
than other animal manures, and its fairly heavy
texture renders it more retentive of moisture,
thus enabling the plants to better withstand the
periods of drought which we so frequently experi-
ence. In occasional seasons when, due to difficulty
m obtaining cow-manure, I have resorted to the
use of other fertilizers, the absence of this manure
was reflected in less luxuriant foliage, less vigor,
and poor lasting quality and smaller size in the
blooms. Unfortunately, well-decayed cow-ma-
nure is frequently difficult to procure, and its
application is scarcely a pleasant task, but never-
theless I know of nothing to equal it as a plant-
food and soil-builder, and it does not require to be
supplemented at intervals throughout the season.

132

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

The new foliage should be protected immedi-
ately against fungous disease infection by fre-
quent and thorough sprayings with the chosen
fungicide. I myself use Tri-ogen with quite satis-
factory results, and, of course, it is also an
insecticide. Clean, healthy foliage is a very
important factor on the snow table, especially
where competition is keen and where, possibly,
very fme points must decide the issue. Length
of stem, also, is important, except in the box
classes, but hard pruning will result in the pro-
duction of long, strong stems from basal eyes.

Disbudding must not be overlooked, and this
should be done with a pair of tweezers, removing
the two side buds when these are very small. In
the cases of several varieties, such as those pre-
viously mentioned, and which have a tendency
to produce malformed blooms, it is preferable to
remove the center, or main bud, and, after an
interval of two to three days, the weaker of the
two side buds, the reason for the delay being
that a sudden rush of sap from a vigorous root-
system to one bud usually results in some form
of malformation, such as a hard or a split center.
The removal of the buds one at a time makes
for a more gradual increase in the food-supply
to the remaining bud and the development will
be more orderly.

Matters such as the time and manner of cut-
ting blooms, shading prior to cutting, preserva-
tion after cutting, transportation and staging do
not properly fall within the scope of this dis-
cussion, anci, therefore, are omitted. They are of

importance, however, as many well-grown blooms
have failed to gain recognition because of failure
on the part of the exhibitor to display them to
best advantage and in good condition.

It will be seen from the foregoing that the
growing of roses for exhibition differs from the
growing of roses for other purposes merely in the
necessity for the exercise of care in doing things
thoroughly and on time, in sacrificing quantity
of bloom for high quality through severe pruning,
in more liberal fertilization, and, of course, in
proper staging. — Arthur J. Webster, Toronto,
Ont.

Exhibition Roses for the Fall Show

It has always been my opinion that the usual
spring rose show does not present the rose-lover
with the opportunity of showing all of his blooms
at their best, as a great many of our roses make
their bow with deeper color and form early in the
fall, and that fall shows should be encouraged
more than they are at present.

The early show has encouraged the not-very-
presentable garden during the summer months
with a great many of us, as we seem to sort of let
down after the show, but with the opportunity
of showing again in the fall this is what we would
be inclined to do:

First of all, spray or dust consistently at least
once a week (I do this and have for years) for
mildew, black-spot, aphis, etc., as the greatest
harm is done to our bushes by these pests during
the summer months.

Fertilize with, say, a pint of very fresh cow-
manure to each bush, then a handful of super

phosphate of lime on top, wash into the grouni
thoroughly with the hose, or use any other good
fertilizer, preferably the above, once a month tlu
same as when you are getting ready for the
spring show.

Irrigate your rose bushes as often as you think
they need it.

A great many rosarians will not be inclined td
agree with me on this advice of fertilizing durinji;
the summer, as it encourages new growth that will
not ripen in time for the winter frosts. But cut
this unripened growth away in the spring and
you will find you have plenty of ripe wood left
for the coming year.

I have followed the above for many years and
have enjoyed lovely foliage and beautiful bloom
until Christmas, without harm to the bushes.
— II. VV. Smith, Seattle, Wash.

Protection for Tree Rose Canes

In some sections of America where high
temperatures occur, tree roses are not very
successful, probably because high tem-
peratures burn, blister, or cause the canes
to become diseased. Some nurserymen
suggest protecting the canes with burlap
the first two years.

Mrs. Ellen Shipman, Landscape Archi-
tect, of 19 Beekman Place, New York,
N. Y., makes this suggestion, which has
worked well in the East, and shows e\er\'
promise of success in the deep South.

A rather stout bamboo is cut the height
of the tree rose cane, then split the li;!!
length of the bamboo, the joints arc
cleaned out, and the inside of the bamboo
painted with a solution of wettable sulphur
as a fungicide. (We use about 1 pound <>!
wettable sulphur to 1 gallon of water Ic;
this purpose.) The rose cane is tlu i
encased in the hollow bamboo, which -
fastened by raffia or thin wire at top a '
bottom. This does a neat job and is niu
more sightly than burlap and tar paj *
— Harry L. Daunoy, New Orleans, I

Rose-Scented Butter

The butter is made by adding two ch ■
of attar of roses to a pound ot li
churned butter. In modern usage *
same amount of the perfume blended \^
butter that is not too heavily salted f i
blended well with a wooden spatuh'
fork) is a novel and delightful spread
fruit or cream cheese sandwiches, ov
use on toasted crackers to be served n
a fruit salad. — American Home.

The Best Ten Roses of the Past Ten Years

OME weeks ago the reporters to the

^^ "Proof of the Pudding" were re-
<^ quested to send in their choices of
ne best ten Hybrid Teas introduced in
he last ten years, 1928-1937. No quali-
i nations were laid down for this choice,
t.ich grower selecting his best ten with
( gard to his own local conditions and ac-
cording to his own ideas as to what a good
iose should be. Replies were received
irom 88 reporters, who reside in 26 states,
the District of Columbia and two Cana-
dian provinces. Naturally, the ballots
\aried widely, 120 varieties receiving at
least one vote, while a few votes were dis-
ci ualified as they were for varieties intro-
(hiced prior to 1928. Yet one rose appears
on 65 of the lists and four others on about
one-half of them, proving that these sorts
arc satisfactory everywhere.

Below is the list of all roses receiving
ten or more votes, together with separate
tabulations for the four sections of the
eountry. Votes from Ontario were in-
eluded in the mid-West tabulation, and
British Columbia in the West list. After
each variety is the date of introduction
and the number of votes.

1. President Herbert Hoover (1930), 65

I. Golden Dawn (1929), 41.

I. Mrs. Sam McGredy (1929), 41.

4. Comtesse Vandal (1932), 39.

X Condesa de Sastago (1933), 38.

'>. Crimson Glory (1935), 36.

/. Edith Nellie Perkins (1928). 30.

^. Mrs. Pierre S. du Pont (1929), 25.

'A Talisman (1929), 24.
lO- Editor McFarland (1931), 21.
\^nnners-{Jp

11. Eclipse (1935), 20.

12. Duquesa de Peiiaranda (1931), 19.
M. Feu Pernet-Ducher (1934), 17.

13. Hinrich Gaede (1931), 17.
!->. Mme. Cochet-Cochet (1934), 15.
I''. Texas Centennial (1935), 15.
17. SoeurTherese (1930), 14.
'■"<. Christopher Stone (1935). 13.
'S. E. G. rfill(1929). 13.
i'"^. Mme. Joseph Perraud (1934), 13.
; . McGredy's Triumph (1934), 11.

. ^ignora Piero Puricelli (1936), 11.
J. McGredy's Ivory (1929), 10.
i. Sir Henry Segrave (1932), 10.

3. Comtesse Vandal, 14.

4. Condesa de Sastago, 12.
4. Crimson Glory, 12.

4. Mrs. Sam McGredy, 12.

7. Mrs. Pierre S. du Pont, 10.

8. Edith Nellie Perkins, 9.

9. Hinrich Gaede, 8.
10. Talisman, 7.

South

1. President Herbert Hoover, 15.

2. Edith Nellie Perkins, 13.

3. Crimson Glory, 11.

4. Condesa de Sastago, 10.

5. Golden Dawn, 9.

6. Comtesse Vandal, 8.
6. Editor McFarland, 8.

8. Duquesa de Peftaranda, 7.

9. Mrs. Pierre S. du Pont. 6.
9. Mrs. Sam McGredy, 6.

West

President Herbert Hoover, 12.
Crimson Glory, 11.
Golden Dawn, 11.
Comtesse Vandal, 9.
Condesa de Sastago, 8.
Mrs. Sam McGredy, 8.
Feu Pernet-Ducher, 7.
Edith Nellie Perkins, 6.
Mme. Cochet-Cochet, 6.
Soeur Theresc. 6.

Mid-
1.
2.
2.
4.
5.
5.
7.
8.
8.
8.

He.vf
1.
2.
3.
3.
5.
5.
7.
7.
7.
7.

President Herbert Hoover, 17.
Mrs. Sam McGredy, 1 5.
Comtesse Vandal, 8.
Condesa de Sastago, 8,
Hinrich Gaede, 7.
Talisman, 7.
Christopher Stone, 6.
Eclipse, 6.
Golden Dawn, 6.
McGredy's Ivory, 6.

/•-•../

The Sectional Lists

1- President Herbert Hoover, 21.
^ Golden Dawn, 1 5.

The "Big Ten" consists of two Ameri-
can roses, two Irish, two French, and one
from Holland, Spain, Germany, and
Australia. Charles Mallerin, of France,
wins the mythical blue ribbon as the only
hybridizer w^ith two of his creations \x\ the
"Big Ten."

President Herbert Hoover leads the list
in all four sections of the country, running
up an amazing total of 65 out oFa possible
88 votes. Mrs. Sam McGredy seems to
be close to the top everyw here but in the
South. Edith Nellie Perkins is at its best
in the South and slips to a low of just 2
votes in the West. Crimson Glory is at
its peak in the mid-West, does well in the
East and South, but drops to the same
low of 2 votes in the Far West. Eleven

134

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

135

of Talisman's 24 votes and 11 of 17 for
Hinrich Gacde come from just two states,
New York and California. These tw^o
states also yield 11 votes for Condesa de
Sastago and 18 for President Herbert
1 loover. Apparently the gaudy-colored
roses do well in these two locations.
Christopher Stone and President Herbert
Hoover received all 4 Oregon votes, and
Eclipse, McGredy's Triumph, and Signora
made 3 out of 4. No other state voted so
solidly for its favorites. McGredy's Ivory,
which was the only white rose to receive
10 votes, gained 6 of these in the Far
West region.

Several roses made excellent showings
in spite of limited plantings. Southpori
received 4 out of 5 Canadian votes and
picked up 2 more in the Pacific North-
west. McGredy's Yellow and McGredy's
Pink received 3 of the Canadian votes anci
2 more from Washington. Picture re-
ceived 6 votes, 3 of which were Canadian.
These are excellent reports from our
Canadian friends and should create a
demand for these varieties in the United
States. As few growers have tried them,
Signora and Sterling show good records
with 11 and 8 votes respectively. — W. L.
Ayhes, Ann Arbor^ Mich.

An Iowa Amateur's Experience

THREE years ago our only knowl-
edge of roses was that of beautiful
flowers, either singly or in clusters,
on a more or less thorny stem. That year
we planted an Iowa nursery's "Gold
Medal" dozen of Hybrid Teas, 4 Climbers,
and 1 Polyantha. The Hybrid Teas we
planted in stiff clay, in holes about 14
inches in diameter and 16 inches deep,
filled with a good clay loam.

That summer we had a fair amount of
bloom from the 12 bushes and the Poly-
antha. They were sprayed with a one-
half pint hand sprayer, using nicotine
soap and occasionally lead arsenate and
Bordeaux. Black-spot defoliated the 13
bush roses during the summer. The
Climbers we trained to three canes each
which reached about 10 feet in height.
Vigoro and peat were used as fertilizer
and mulch, three to four times during the
season.

After freezing weather all the roses
were mounded with soil, the Hybrid Teas
covered with straw and burlap and the
Climbers covered with straw and burlap
and tied up to the trellises. During the
fall the stiff clay behind the dozen Hybrid
Teas was removed to a depth of 16 to 18
inches, to make a good-sized rose-bed, and
replaced with good loam containing some
clay and partly rotted compost. That
winter the lowest temperature was 26°
below zero, with 30 consecutive days of
below-zero weather.

The next spring we started the season

wrong by uncovering the Climbers too
soon, with the result that all four died
back to the soil-mounds, with consequent
loss of canes and bloom for that year.
Four rabbit-eaten bushes, weakened 1)\
black-spot, failed to survive the winter.
We replaced them, adding 28 roses to (ill
out the new bed.

A second bed of virgin clay soil, origi-
nally planned for perennials, was planted
with Hybrid Teas. The method we used
to do this might astonish and horrify anv
experienced rose-grower. This bed has a
slope of about 1 foot in 10. We du^
trenches 18 inches deep, putting sods and
grass cuttings in the bottom of the trench,
next the top-soil, then sufficient subsoii
to bring up to planting grade. The rost-^
were next planted, about six at a tinu,
covered with the remainder of the sul -
soil, and watered down thoroughly. 1 h( i
another section of trench was dug, ai i
the procedure repeated. Of course, d' •
to uneven settling of the bed, the buds . '
the Hybrid Tea bushes varied from ab(* ■
ground in one case to 4 inches bel'
ground, giving uneven growth in the l^'
There were 55 bushes planted here.

Top dressing of Vigoro, bone-meal a;
peat were given every two to three \Ne( i
until August. A new 3-gallon compressc -
air sprayer and Tri-ogen were used wii
perfect satisfaction during this seas< .
Deep soaking of the rose-beds by li"
without wetting rose foliage carried tin
bushes through a very dry summer uid.i

all rains gave a wealth of flowers that

wily stopped with freezing weather. That

.Mnter all the roses were mounded with

^')il after the ground was frozen about an

rich. In December the Hybrid Teas were

lit back to about 16 inches and covered

ith straw and burlap. The 4 Climbers

.\ere taken down from the trellises,

ovcred with straw and burlap, and laid

ofi the ground, close to the house. The

winter was mild, little snow falling, but

rain and sleet formed ice over 1 foot in

depth at some points.

In the spring of 1937 the Climbers
bloomed for the first time. Blaze gave
al)()ut 25 large double flowers in the
spring. Prinses van Oranje gave a fine
burst of bloom, and Mrs. Arthur Curtiss
.lames had about 4 small, Hybrid-Tea-
(|iiality blooms, while Scorcher failed to
bloom. None of the Climbers bloomed
later. The Else Poulsen (third year)
Polyantha grew to 3 feet in height and
<)\ er 2 feet in diameter, blooming steadily
throughout the season.

Aloles tunneled back and forth through
the largest bed, allowing air to circulate
around the roots. This probably accounts
lor the loss of some bushes. (We have
trapped 27 moles in three years.) Seven
29-eent field-grown roses were planted as
an experiment, but only one was satis-
laetory. With two-year, No. I, field-
grown budded stock, about 90 per cent
made satisfactory growth and bloom, even
with the unusual planting methods and
weather. From July 3 until September 10
less than one-half inch of rain fell; little
ram fell until October 19 brought 1.6
inches. This meant a thorough soaking
about every ten days with the hose, from
July through September. By not whetting
tlie foliage while watering we escaped
mildew, although lilacs 30 feet away were
badly mildewed unless well sprayed. Two
hidings only of Vigoro and bone-meal
were given (in June) but fall bloom was
seventy, so feel that light fertilizing about

every two weeks until about September 1
would be better.

Tri-ogen, while excellent as an insect
repellent, aphicide, and stomach poison,
failed as a fungicide this season. Some
black-spot appeared, and bronzing and
dropping of leaves continued even though
fallen and diseased leaves were hand
picked. A trial spraying of home-made
Bordeaux containing some nickel am-
monium sulphate and ammonia stopped
the leaf-dropping and spread of black-
spot. When Tri-ogen was again used, the
disease again spread. The formula of
Dr. Carson, in 1937 Rose Annual, con-
sisting of wettable sulphur, lead arsenate,
and nicotine sulphate, next tried, brought
the bushes into freezing weather in fine
shape. I believe that use of a spreader,
such as calcium caseinate, if compatible,'
would give greater coverage and some-
what less white deposit on the foliage.

Trimming Else Poulsen, F. J. Grooten-
dorst, and Hugonis only enough to take
off dead wood worked well this year.
Cutting the Hybrid Teas to about 4
inches above ground in the spring gives
large flowers. During summer our ex-
perience has shown the advisability of
cutting out small weak growth in Hybrid
Teas, shaping them more like bushes
than trees with a single main stem. This
gives individual flowers or clusters of
flowers on longer stems.

Last fall we spread a light feeding of
Vigoro and bone-meal between the bushes
after the ground was frozen almost an
inch, then mounded with soil; and later
cut tops to uniform height and protected
with wild hay and burlap.

From this detailed account, experienced
rose-growers will see the viewpoint and
the learning by experience of an amateur.
When the "rose-bug" bites you it is as
incurable as the "garden-bug" — growing
roses is a hobby or business for the rest
of your life!

— Karl E. Uhlrich, Dubuque, Iowa.

The Hartford Meeting

mH^To ^%^^^^u^J^^ Summer meeting at Hartford, Conn., June 21
at a 22. Elizabeth Park is a treat for all rose-lovers, and Trustee
r-i-sier IS arranging an unusual programme.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

137

The Local Rose Societies

BELIEVING that members of local Rose Societies throughout the United Statc^
would like to know more about local Societies in other sections of the countr\.
* we have gathered the following information which, although it is far from coni-
I^lcte, will give an idea of what some of the local Rose Societies are and what they art
doing in the interest of "A Rose for every home; a bush for every garden."

Tliere arc some Societies not listed here, only because we were unable to get
information from them in time for this Magazine.

Its numbers make pilgrimages to members' gat-
dens and to outstanding gardens in southern
California during the spring and summer months.
The 1937 show was its eleventh and was held in
the Spanish ViUage Art Center, Balboa Park,
November 20-21. It cooperates with the San
Diego Floral Association in its annual spring
flower show in April. It sponsored the National
Rose Show in October, 1935 and 1936. In 1957
this show had to be abandoned on account of in-
adequate financing, but plans are under way lor
securing public funds to make the national show
an annual event. They have a movement on loot
to interest students in high schools in rost-
growing and they hope to soon bring to fruition
their plans for a National Public Rose-Gardeii
in Balboa Park. The Society, January 1, had
87 members.

Masi Ba^ (^ountii :s Kosi: Sociinv of Oak-
i.AM), (>ALii OKMA, has 21 regular members and
H associate members. Meetings arc held 10
times a year, and under the direction of Prof.
Yarwood of the University of California are con-
ducting disease-control experiments. A commit-
tee from the Society directs the planting program
of the Municipal Rose-Garden m Berkeley. The
Society has a rose exhibit in the (California S|)ring
Garden Show at Oakland each year, and a com-
mittee from the Society serves in an advisory
capacity for the Oakland Municipal Rose-
Garden.

f f f f

Nai'A Vai.luv Rosi: Sociinv oi Nai»a,
(>AiJiOKMA, was organized 9 years ago and at
jiresent has 32 members. They have planted a
small Municipal Rose-Garden containmg about
1 ,(K)0 roses which the city assists in taking care of.
The Society holds one meeting a month, which
is both a social and a business meeting. At times
they have formal speakers and at other times
they exchange experiences or read selected
articles from the American Rose Annual or the
American Rose Magazine.

i i i f

riii: Pacimc: Rosu Socikty, La Canada,
C>Ai.ii OKNiA, seems to cover quite a little terri-
tory in southern California. It was organized in
May, 1937, and now has 60 members, most of
whom seem to be in 14 cities and towns in and
around Pasadena. They issue an excellent
bulletin. The sample which was submitted con-
tained 6 closely written typewritten pages of
information about the Society and useful sug-
gestions about various uses of the rose in gardens;
in fact, all kinds of information valuable to the
members of a Rose Society. At each of their
imetings they have a question-box which pro-
duces timely questions and answers well worth
remembering. Local dues for active members
are $1.50 a year, associate members $3.(K) per
year, in addition to an initiation fee of $2.00.
Associate members receive the bulletin while
the active members do not, so that in order to
receive all the benefits one should be an associate
member at $3.(X) per year. The object of their
Society, as stated in their by-laws, is "To study,
foster, and encourage rose-culture in every prac-
ticable way, as well as to learn how to exhibit a
rose to the best advantage."

1 i i 1

Tiil: San Diego Rose Society, San Diego,
(>ALiiOHNiA, meets monthly for dinner and a
program, at the University Club, San Diego.

Potomac Rose Society of V\ ashin(;i()n.
D. C, was organized by Dr. Whitman Cross and
the late P. L. Brandstedt in the fall of 1931, tlu
Society becoming active on January 1, 1952. It
now has a membership of 350, many of tluni
members of the American Rose Society. A yi i'
ago they started a demonstration rose-garden or i
the ground of the George Washington Universit\
in Washington. This garden has grown siil>
stantially and they have plans for a matiti'
increase during 1938. Their thought is to test 1 1'
different roses that will do well in Washinji;!' -
and vicinity, with one bed for the latest novtlt"

The Society holds 8 meetings during the yt ,
and during the summer months official visits i >
made to members' gardens for observation . '
instruction. During 1938 they plan to visii
number of the larger rose-gardens in Virginia
in June expect to hold a Rose Fete in the gi|"
of Dr. Whitman Cross. The fall show()}
Potomac Rose Society has grown in sizt
recognition until now it is one of the imp«>i
rose shows in the United States.

The members pool their orders for plant ^
fertilizers, thereby securing reduced prices.

Florida Rose Society. Although we .
unable to learn just when the Society was or;
ized, we are told they have, at present, .i
100 members. They are afhliated with
Florida Horticultural Society and hold
annual meeting at the same time the llorli
tural Society does, which this year will !'•
Winter Haven on April 13.

Georgia Rose Society. The new officers who
(.k office last fall are determined to put Georgia
i the rose map, and the new Secretary, Jacob
Lowrey, is issuing monthly bulletins chock-
II of all kinds of good rose information. One
! the interesting things that the new officers
ve started is an attempt to zone the state of
• orgia by finding out what roses do best in each
rtion. They believe they can save beginners
it h money and time when they are able to say
i. finitely that certain roses are suitable for a
1 articular section. Secretary Lowrey also be-
:k \es that tfie understock question is an impor-
; iit one, and, together with other members of
ih( Society, he is making some pretty thorough
ciiderstock tests.

Add to the above activities the Society's
rt -ular meetings and shows, and one can realize
liiit Georgia rose-lovers are going to have more
^'•\n\ better roses.

Caldwell Rose Society, Caldwell, Idaho.
I his IS a small organization with 14 members
hut they have sponsored a Municipal Rose-
Cr.'rden, and the President, J. B. Gowen, reports
th.it he has ordered 1,000 roses for that garden
lor the spring of 1938, Listed here because H. P.
Schuppel, a member of the Boise City Park Com-
mission, IS a member of the Caldwell Rose
Society, we wish to state that the Boise Garden
Club, of which Mr. Schuppel is a very active
number, is the sponsor of the Municipal Rose-
barden of Boise. This garden, which has the
support of^ all the clubs of the city, together with
tlu (Jiamber of Commerce, is to be planted this
spring.

The Iowa Rose Society was host to the Ameri-
can Rose Society at the summer meeting in 1936.

* f i f

The New Orleans Rose Society, New
Orleans Louisiana, was organized January,
1934, and at present has 37 members. Meetings
are held regularly each month with the exception
of July, August, and September. A show with a
rose-garden display, as well as cut-flowers, is held
each spring. To encourage the planting of roses,
thev have rose-garden contests for both members
and non-members. Their main activity is in
securing the proper soil for roses. Because of a
change in the water-table in New Orleans, rose-
growing has been rather difficult, but this has
been greatly overcome by the work of Mr
Daunoy, who by testing soils and recommending
the necessary changes has rose-growing again
becoming popular in New Orleans.

Detroit Rose Society, Detroit, Michigan
was organized on March 14, 1931, with 11 mem-
bers. They now have 76 members. Meetings are
held every month except July and August, when,
instead of meetings, they have garden pilgrimages.
. At their last show they had 554 entries, an
increase of 229 over 1936.

Wayne Rose Society, Fort Wayne, In-
diana, IS another small society with a present
membership of 23. They hold monthly meetings
irom October 1 to March 31, and semi-monthly
nu( tings the rest of the year. They have held
/ .iruuial rose shows and at present have a com-
niittir working with the Park Board in an
t ml, avor to secure the necessary funds from the
^-'ty Council to maintain and improve the rose-
pirden in Lakeside Park. At their meetings they
"■|^' the usual discussion of rose matters with
otv.isional outside speakers.

'"^^^^,%SE Society, Des Moines, Iowa, was
!'r^; uHzed in 1928 and now has 65 members. Being
'; i" ^J<j"tion of severe winters, they have a con-
l.rable job on hand in trying to find varieties
nhu h will be reliably hardy in their section, but
••s fu membership is unusually active they are
n..,.,ng great strides in this direction. Mrs.
'•'V U. Page of Mason City, is getting together

• ' 'cndid collection of old roses, and she has
0 , ; especially fortunate in getting together a
co| -tion of the roses taken to Iowa by the
-y : rs. 1 here are two Municipal Rose-Gardens

• n ■ T' T^ ^.^ Greenwood Park in Des Moines,
' n<; tie other in the City Park in Indianola. Both

' se are closely watched by members of the
">\ Kose Society.

Kansas City Rose Society, Kansas City,
Missouri, has a membership of 140. At present
they are busily engaged with the Park Commis-
sioners of Kansas City about the Municipal Rose-
Oarden in the Jacob L. Loose Memorial Park.
1 his garden already contains over 5,000 roses in
^00 varieties. In addition to their 9 meetings a
year, they hold, in May. a Rose Tea and have
two Rose Garden Days in the Park. Last year
over 5,000 attended each of these special ckiys
enjoying the roses and the music from a twenty-
piece orchestra. They hold a show in the fall in
connection with the city's Jubilesta Show. A
travelogue given last December netted the
Society over $200.00. In an effort to bring rose
information to the public during 1937, they had
nearly 1(X) different articles and pictures in the
newspapers. They also put on 9 radio broad-
casts. This year they expect to complete the
north entrance to the Municipal Rose-Garden.

f i f f

IIattiesburg Rose Society, Hattiesburg,
Mississippi, was organized in July, 1933, with
20 active members, and has maintained this
active membership since. Among their public-
spiritcd work has been their donation and plant-
ing of 100 roses in the Mississippi Women's Col-
lege Garden m Hattiesburg. They hold 12 meet-
ings a year at which they have outside lecturers
when possible, and thc;y have used both lectures
of the American Rose Society. Rose pilgrimages
'^'■^' m^ide when they can be arranged. They
publish a yearbook and at the meetings pretty
well thrash out about evervthing that is in the
Annual. They also furnish speakers to other
clubs m the state for talks about roses.

138

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

139

Jackson Rosi: Sociity, Jackson, Missis-
sii'iM, was orj^nni/rd in 1929. Thoy have a mem-
l)crship of 20, and nutt at the homes of members
on the fourth Friday of each month, except July
and August. Their meetings are so interesting
that members are kept away only by serious
illness or absence from town. In 1930, plans were
drawn and arrangements made for a Municipal
Rose-Garden, but before the plans could be
executed the de|>ression hit and the plan had to
be abandoned. Having seen other Municipal
Kose-Gardens neglected, the members do not
want to go into the undertaking until they feel
sure that they have sufficient funds to take care
of it.

Each spring they hold a rose show which at-
tracts visitors from all over the state, and they
have a smaller show in the fall. They maintain a
booth at the State Fair in October, with hostesses
in attendance, labeled roses on display, and with
catalogues and other rose information available.

Niagara Fhontimr Rosi: Socikt^, Bui ialo,
Nf.w York, was formed seven years ago by
7 local rose enthusiasts and now has a total of
112 members in good standing; 37 of these are
members of the American Rose Society. They
have () indoor meetings between October and
May, with an annual meeting in June. They are
in the fourth year of sponsorshij) of a demonstra-
tion garden in Humboldt Park, which is about
the geographical center of the city. This test-
garden is divided into two sections. One section
is filled with new varieties submitted by the
originators and disseminators. The other section
is planted witl> beds of good varieties for the
average rosarian to grow. This test-garden is
closely su[H'rvised by a committee from the
Niagara Frontier Rose Society and it is causing
increased public interest. Beyond all question,
the existence of the Society has definitely made
tile jK'ople in the Buffalo area rose conscious.

Svracusf. Rosn Socif.tv, Syracuse, New
York, was organized in February, 1911. At
present they have over 200 paid-up members.
They hold 8 regular meetings a year, 4 of which
are held at members' homes and the other 4 in the
new Garden (Center in connection with the
Museum of Fine Arts.

Their main activities center on their June
Rose Show which is one of the best in the country.
In addition to this they have at least one pilgrim-
age a year, and at present are trying to start some
activities exclusively for the men members, of
which they have between 50 and 60.

Rochester Rose Society, Rochester, New
York, was organized in May, 1919, about 50
members signing up at the first meeting. They
held their first show in June, 1920, and have had
a show every year since. Their 1937 membership
was 130. In addition to their annual show they
have meetings with speakers of prominence, and,
to interest the public, many of these are open
meetings. Their show this year has been set for

Monday, June 20. An interesting innovation 1. r
the October meeting they are calling the "Pro..!
of the Pudding," and intend to have a miniatun
show with verbal and pictorial testimonials of
their successes and failures.

They are working hard to establish a munii i-
pal r()se-garden but so far have had little
political help. Their dues to non-members of t li<
American Rose Society are $1.(K) per year.

fill

The Cleveland Rose Society, Clevei and,
OiHO, was started about five years ago, and sinen
then has had as its main objectives the stagin-^
of annual rose shows, the sponsoring of a puffin
rose-garden in Cleveland, and teaching its num-
bers and others how to grow more and btticr
roses. The first three shows were staged at the
Cleveland Garden Center where they had but
750 square feet of floor-space. At the June,
1937 show, when they were hosts to the Ameri-
can Rose Society, they had 13,(X)0 square IVet.
They are still working very closely with the Park
Department, endeavoring to get a public rose-
garden started, and the ofTiccrs seem to be pretty
well encouraged at this time. The Society has
about 110 members, 35 of whom are members of
the American Rose Society. Several members
who started in with a dozen roses a few years
ago now have several hundred, and they (In
know how to grow fine roses in Clevelanci as
visitors to their show last summer can testify.

Dayton Rose Society, Dayton, Ohio, is i
club of business and professional men organi/td
in 1933. The membership is limited to a maxi-
mum of 25 active members, and they have a
continuous waiting-list for membership. Ovt i
50 per cent of their members are members ol tin
American Rose Society. Regular meetings an
held on the fourth Monday of each month, with
a well-planned program especially designed !<>i
seasonable information. They have promirui'
rosarians address the club.

Interest and activity has been maintained !)\
a rule that a member absent more than t "
meetings, without a justifiable excuse, is an: -
matically dropped. The Society has sponsored
rose-garden at the County Children's Home
another of climbing roses at the Dayton
Institute. A committee inspects all memi-i
gardens during the summer season, makes e
plete records of conditions found, and ^'
a complete soil analysis on standard bl;i
Copies of these reports are delivered to tli>
spective members. At least one meeting is i.
each year to which the public is invited. 1 '
are well attended. The public is also invite
exhibit at the Society's show which is held i
June.

Your Secretary can vouch for the rose inti
of the members of this grand Society, hi
been their guest last summer.

Oklahoma Rose Society, Oklahoma ( ' -
Oklahoma, has at present 188 members n
increase of 97 during 1937. The Societ> ^

ganized October 25, 1934, with 35 charter
embers. It was incorporated March 5, 1937.
heir largest undertaking during 1937 was the

I mting of the Municipal Rose-Garden in the
V ill Rogers Park in Oklahoma City. This
c|uired 10,(XK) Hybrid Tea roses and about
000 species roses and Climbers. They hold two
•• hibitions each year, which are participated in
\ the entire Southwest. A good record!

Portland Rose Society, Portland, Oregon,
u IS organized in 1888 and will celebrate its
(ii)lden Jubilee this year. At present they have
>>0 members and are quite confident of in-
creasing considerably this year. The Society
holds two rose shows each year, one in June and
(»iu- in October. At the 1937 June show they
h.id 5,000 entries, 1,000 of these from boys and
fiirls under the 4-H Division. Their feeling is
that the future of the Society depends on keeping
these young people interested in growing roses.
They also sponsor a rose-garden contest each
vear among the boys and girls of Portland.
'These gardens must be planned and cared for
by the children themselves. The Society holds
several meetings during the year, each given over
to a program. Special attention is being given
to a sunken rose-garden, known as the Peninsula
Park Rose-Garden, wherein are planted hundreds
ol t he old roses, many of them old French roses.
During 1938 they want to make a feature of this
[);irk so that the people may become acquainted
with the old roses. The citizens arc proud of
the great International Rose Test-Garden, under
the supervision of Mr. Fred Edmunds.

i f i ■/

Rose Society of Reading, Reading, Penn-
sylvania, was organized April 19, 1932. They
now have a membership of 78, and hold 4 meet-
ings each year in addition to 2 rose tours and a
b-inquet. The members are fortunate in having
till fine collection of roses in the garden of C. R.
McGinnes to study. Mr. McGinnes, who is a
Trustee of the American Rose Society, has one
ol the largest collections of roses in this country
•It his lovely home near Reading.

Reading's Municipal Rose-Garden, established
'n 1916, is maintained at the city's expense, and
0)ritains some 700 plants. The Supervisor of
Harks, Mr. R. F. Pierce, insists that it "meets a
-si^ecific nnQdi in our community."

i HE Rose Society of Chattanooga, Chat-
TAMjoGA, Tennessee, was organized in March,
'''2, with a membership of 25. The present
"uinbership is 132. They hold 11 meetings a
y ' and during one of the summer months hold
ji '.ceting followed by a luncheon at one of the
|i" ' Is with one out-of-town speaker each summer.
11' Municipal Rose-Garden, started in 1937,
n'.A has 600 plants. It is located in Warner Park.

^NoxviLLE Rose Society, Knoxville, Ten-
^' >EE, has a membership of 60 and holds 9
r^nlar monthly meetings, resting during July,

August, and December. They hold an annual
spring show in May which is free to the public
and has classes for non-member entries. They
have an exhibition in September at the Tennessee
Valley Fair and a small show within the club at
the October meeting. They hold 4 semi-social
meetings during the year to which guests are
invited. At a Valentine party in February the
members are presented with the yearbooks. They
wind up the spring season at the home of one of
the members with a picnic luncheon and open
the fall season with a tea. A Presidents' Day is
held in November when the new officers are
installed and the history of the year's work is
written. They have interesting programs along
horticultural lines, presented by experienced
rose-growers, each month. Their meetings are
held in the homes of members. In addition to
these activities, the Society, last year, purchased
a soil-test kit and demonstrated soil-testing for
roses. Also, last year, in cooperation with garden
clubs, they aided in the beautification of the
grounds of the Beverley Hills Tubercular Sani-
tarium just outside the city. The Rose Society
donated and planted 300 climbing roses. They
expect soon to have a complete rose-lane leading
from the city limits to the Sanitarium. An
unusual activity is the showing of colored slides
of gardens of their members.

Houston Rose Society, Houston, Texas,
was organized March 8, 1937, and finished its
first year with 102 paid members, 40 per cent of
whom are men. Meetings are held on the second
Monday of each month, where, besides short
business sessions, programs usually include ex-
perienced speakers. At one of their meetings
where a charge for attendance was made there
were over 300 present. The reason for this charge
was that the speaker had been brought from a
great distance. They publish a monthly news
bulletin devoted entirely to the organization.
Like several other societies, a committee is very
busy endeavoring to get the city officials to
loosen up for a proper municipal rose-garden.
They hope to at least double their membership
before the close of 1938, and from the way this
Society has grown in a few short months, we do
not doubt that the members will be able to carry
through their intentions.

Tarrant County Rose Society, Fort
Worth, Texas, has 28 members at present, and
they hold regular monthly meetings, every
fourth one of which is a night meeting; the others
are held in the afternoon. Three times a year
they have a meeting at the Garden Center, when
they try to have an outstanding speaker on a
subject pertinent to that time of the year. For
instance, in January the program was on rose-
planting and pruning. A later one was on spring
and summer care of the rose-garden, and in the
early fall they had one on the selection of out-
standing new varieties for fall planting. They do
not publish a bulletin, but keep any information
that comes to hand in the library at the Garden
Center for their own and the public's information.

140

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

They also give radio talks at different times, the
Garden Center donating the time whenever the
Rose Society has something of importance to
broadcast. They get very fine support from their
newspapers.

The Tarrant County Rose Society was host to
the 1936 Annual Meeting of the American Rose
Society.

Utah Rose Society, Salt Lake City, Utah,
is working along somewhat the same lines as the
Georgia Rose Society, as they are endeavoring
to find out what varieties are best suited to the
different sections of the state. Not only the dif-
ferent localities but the different elevations above
sea-Ievel, the annual rainfall, and length of grow-
ing season are items of interest which they are
collecting. When this information is all in, they
will be able to tell a beginner just what roses will
do best for him in his locality. At present they
have 58 members. The new Salt Lake City Munic-
ipal Rose-Garden, which the Utah Rose Society
has sponsored, will be dedicated and formally
opened about June 1, 1938. At that time Unit 1
of the garden will be completely planted and will
contain over 3,600 roses. It will take about two
years to complete the Municipal Rose-Garden,
at the end of which time the members hope to
have 10,0{X) plants in it. The garden was de-
signed by R. O. Kirkland, who has been President
of the Utah Rose Society for several years. They
have invited, and hope to have, the American
Rose Society hold their summer meeting there in
June, 1939, at which time the Nicholson Bowl
will be in Salt Lake City.

Richmond Chai^ter of the American Rose
Society, Richmond, Virginia, was organized
October 29, 1937, with 30 charter members. All
of these are members of the American Rose
Society and they have added a few more since
organization. As they have hardly got started we
do not know just what particular activities they
intend to take up, but as it is an organization of
enthusiastic rose-lovers there is no question
that the Richmond Chapter will accomplish a
great deal.

i 1 f 1

Roanoke Rose Society, Roanoke, Vir-
ginia, has 56 members, 29 of whom are members
of the American Rose Society. Regular monthly
meetings are held in the homes and sometimes in
the gardens of the members. The Society spon-
sors an Annual Rose Planting Week and two rose
shows per year. The officers of the Society visit
the gardens of the members occasionally and be-
lieve that this stimulates interest. In October,
1937, the Roanoke Rose Society was host to the
annual meeting of the American Rose Society.

Roanoke is the home of President Kirk.

Tidewater Rose Society, Norfolk, Vir-
ginia, was organized in 1935 with 12 members,
since which time it has grown until it now has 65.
Their meetings are held once a month during the

fall, winter and spring, but none during the sur;
mer. They publish a mimeographed bulletin eac ii
month and have their own "Proof of the Pud-
ding" included in the October bulletin. Tin
meetings usually are programmed, that is, thty
have a speaker on some topic of vital interest t < .
rose-growing, although about every third meeting
is devoted to round-table discussions. Their du( s
are but 50 cents. They have attempted t(j
sponsor a Municipal Rose-Garden but so fir
have met with indifference on the part of tlx
authorities.

Seattle Rose Society, Seattle, WASHiNf-
TON, has 85 paid-up members. They publish a
bulletin called "Rose Petals," a mimeographed
sheet written, edited, and published by the

Secretary, Earl William Benbow, and it is a liru
paper. It not only contains a great deal of in

formation but all kinds of encouragement. It is
alive, witty, and usually carries a verse. It goes
out to a mailing-list of 250 rose-lovers, who, they
hope, may some day become members. They
sponsor, each year, a big rose show in June and a
fall display m conjunction with the Seattle
Dahlia Society and the Western Washington
Fair Association. They have sponsored a high-
way planting between Seattle and Tacoma,
which the authorities have sadly neglected. They
meet every month in the year with. the exception
of the summer months and always have a timely
and balanced program.

Dr. Benbow, in addition to his Seattle ruse
work, is chairman of the Northwest Division of
the Pacific Coast Region of the American Rose
Society and is looking out for the Society in a
splendid way.

Tacoma Rose Society, Tacoma, Washinc-
TON, was organized March 4, 1911, and has be( n
functioning ever since. At present it has 1I'>
members. They hold 5 general meetings a yi. i,
in addition to which the officers and Board -(
Directors hold 7 meetings a year. In June \\\'.\
hold a rose show open to anyone who wants '<>
exhibit. In addition to this, for the past to
years, they have organized and sponsored i' i
shows at the Western Washington Fair m
September.

Because of the activities of the Society anJ '^
members in an almost perfect rose climate, ■ ; r
city is brightened with roses almost the ■ r
round.

Charleston Rose Society, Charles <
West Virginia, had 350 paid-up members at
end of 1937, with from 50 to 100 who art
sidered members, but who are a year or
behind in their dues. The dues are 50 c( '
year. At present they publish one rose bu!'
a year, and that just prior to the rose show •>
is held once a year and is open to the public
the evening of the rose show they usually ha^
open meeting. They club together and g« <
duced prices when buying their plants.

R. Al. '

•n

■ n

STATE Wliipl^~\

Edited hy

J. Horace McFarland

and R. Marion Hatton

Vol. II— No. 9

Mart;elows

TLJORE roses, larger roses, sweeter roses have been showered
on eastern America this earliest and best rose season of
1938. We of the American Rose Society can keep roses coming,
can catch on to the new roses we want, if we read, talk, visit
and study. We can help our own rose-growing as we help
others by visits and shows.

Each new member for the Society is heading another friend
into rose joy.

Read inside the experiences and hopes of the enlarged rose
family. More public rose-gardens are coming!

Hartford in June, Harrisburg in September, to see a million
rose flowers. Let's go!

•liskedty The American Rose

I5< a copy « $1.50 a year

1 " I """^ — I *

^ose Season

W^ ^ ^ O^

142

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

THE AMERICAN
ROSE MAGAZINE

Edited by

J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

Published bi-montbly by

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Crescent and Mulberry Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

Subscription price: To members of the American Rose
Society 75 cts. a year, 15 cts. a copy, wbicb amount is
included in ibe annual dues oj $1.50.

To all others: $1.50 a year, 25 cts. a copy.

Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Harris-
burg, Pa., under the act of March 3, 1S79.

Vol. II. No. <>

1938

May-Jlm:

The Summer Meeting

The programme (on the opposite page)
of the Summer Meeting at Hartford,
Conn., promises a very interesting ses-
sion. There should be a good attendance
there, not only to honor Theodore Wirth,
but to see the famous and beautiful
Elizabeth Park Rose Garden.

Trustee E. A. Piester, who is handling
the meeting arrangements, MUST KNOW
HOW MANY TO ARRANGE FOR.
Please advise the Secretary's office
promptly if you expect to attend. Tell us
whether you will have your own car, or
will want transportation furnished.

The Hotel Bond, Hartford, Conn., will
be our headquarters. Single rooms, $3 to
$4; double rooms, $4.50 to $6.

Please write the hotel direct for reser-
vations.

A New^-Member Suggestion

Mr. H. L. Davenport, of Anniston,
Ala., recommends that each hve member
get a new member: not only get a promise,
but collect the money and mail it in for
him or her. He feels this is necessary
because application blanks are often laid
aside and interested people really forget
all about them, or just don't take the
trouble to fill them out and mail them.
To back up his belief that his system is
right he sent in three new memberships
with his letter.

The New Members' Handbook

The Members' Handbook will be re
issued some time this year, and an\
changes in the list of "Gardens Open t(.
Members," or information about Munic-
ipal Rose-Gardens in your section, will bi
welcomed by the Secretary's office.

— The Secretary

All Members Invited

Mr. William J. Robbins, Director ol
the New York Botanical Garden, invites
members of the American Rose Societ\
to stop and see the roses in the Botanical
Garden on their way to or from the meet-
ing at Hartford, June 21 and 21.

The Garden is located in the north etui
of Bronx Park, at 200th Street, east ol
Webster Avenue, and opposite the New
York Zoological Garden. Route 1, which
is POrdham Road, passes by the Botanicnl
Garden.

Old Roses in Bloom

Mr. L. C. Bobbink, of the Bobbink tV
Atkins Nurseries, Rutherford, N. J.,
wishes t(^ extend to the members oi the
American Rose Society who are interested,
an invitation to come to Rutherford and
enjoy with him the great B. & A. collec-
tion of out-of-the-ordinary Roses. Mr.
Bobbink states that there are 250 varie-
ties of Climbers, some of which will Ix
in bloom all during June. There are I !''
varieties of Hybrid Perpetuals, and I"
thinks that this collection should be . '
its best about June 8. The old-fash loiu '
roses, so dear to the hearts oi fii.ni
rosarians, will probably be at their Ix •
just a few days earlier and will likel.\ I'i
in good condition until after the 10
The B. & A. collection of Gallic'
Damasks, Centifolias, and Mosses .
really worth going a long way to see.

A Nicolas Memorial

The Jackson & Perkins Company.
Newark, N. Y., will dedicate a memorial
the late Dr. J. H. Nicolas on Sunday, Ju
26. As their rose-garden will be in Ir
bloom about this time, members ()l t
American Rose Society are invited
attend.

SUMMER MEETING OF THE

AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Hartford, Conn., Tuesday and Wednesday, June 21 and 22, 1938

HEADQUARTERS: HOTEL BOND

TUESDAY, JUNE 21

(Registration of members at the Hotel Bond throughout the day. $3.00
registration fee covers banquet and transportation.)

9-11 A.M.

1 1 A.M.-12 M.

1.30-3 P.M.

3 4.30 p.M

4.30-9 P.M.
.S 10.30 p.m.

At Elizabeth Park.

Inspection of garden and test roses.

Discussion group at pavilion.

Presentation of American Rose Society Medal for Achievement in
Rose Culture to Theodore Wirth.

12 M.-1.30 P.M. Luncheon (informal). By groups or individuals at own choice.

(Bond Hotel Grill and the Round Table are suggested.)

Avery Memorial Art Museum Auditorium.

"Experiences with a Local Rose Society and Our Rose Shows," by
J. F. Kafton, Cleveland Rose Society.

**Design and Features of the Private Rose Garden," by Thomas
Desmond, F. A. L. A.

Private Viewing of the Rose Show (Avery Exhibition Hall).

Tea by ladies of the Avery Memorial Association and Connecticut Horti-
cultural Society.

The Rose Show will be open to the public.

Bond Hotel — Banquet (Informal).

Wallace R. Pierson, Past President of American Rose Society, Chair-
man, Introductions and Remarks.
"An Outlook in Rosedom."
Recent Rose Progress.
"Hardy New Roses for the North," by F. L. Skinner, Manitoba.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 22
Bond Hotel. E. A. Piester, Chairman.
"Roses for Yard and Landscape."

"The Rose Buyer and the Bushes He Buys." (A buyer.)
"The Rose Grower and His Customer." (A grower.)
What Ails That Rose? Forum directed by Alexander Gumming, Jr.
(a) "Winter Protection for the Atlantic Coast."

Dr. E. W. Burt, New Bedford, Mass.
{b) "Fertilizing a Rose Bush~a Theory."
Clement Mortensen, Cromwell, Conn.
(c) "Japanese Beetle and Other Pests."
i2 M-1.30 P.M. Luncheon.

• 30-3.30 P.M. City Tour— Visits to local gardens and Garden Tea.

(The 22-acre greenhouse establishment of A. N. Pierson is but a few miles from Hartford-
so, also, IS Bristol Nurseries. Both will be objects of interest to many.)

9.30-10 A.M.
10-10.30 A.M.
10.30-11 A.M.
11 A.M.-12 M.

An Extraordinary Rose Show

THIS 1938 rose season seems likely to go down in memory as bringing the Atlantic
Coast even with California's best and with the roses of England. About two
weeks earlier than the average bloom-dates, the size, form, color, fragrance, and
luxuriance of the eastern roses will long be remembered.

Within fifteen miles of the office of the American Rose Society three unique rose-
gardens are ablaze with bloom in early June, and will so continue for many weeks.
Members within a day's motor trip over perfect roads may well visit Harrisbur^

and Hershey.

In Harrisburg the yet unfinished Municipal Rose Garden is in lovely bloom, and
its unique "Dance of Eternal Spring" fountain with the SOO-foot contiguous reflecting-
pool afford a sight of great rose beauty. It is on North Third Street, fronting the
Polyclinic Hospital, amid beautiful surroundings.

Breeze Hill is surely "rosy" with its more than 900 rose varieties, many of them
from distant sources and yet unnamed. Climbing roses are trained on some 240 posts
joined with arches now covered with roses. At Breeze Hill the endeavor is made to
fit the rose into the landscape, and it is well worth a visit not only for roses, but for
other items of garden beauty. The gardens are easily reached by way of Market
Street to Twenty-first Street, where a two-block right turn brings the garden into
view. Route 22 is but two blocks distant.

The Hershey Garden is most extensive. It is very beautifully placed on a hillside
between the Hotel Hershey and the town of that name. Visited by nearly 100,000
people in 1937, it has been doubled in size for this year, so that about 20,000 plants
are coming into bloom. In design, planting, and rose-prosperity Hershey stands very
high. Fourteen miles east of Harrisburg, it can easily be reached on U. S. Route 422,
and by a branch line from the main highway U. S. 22.

The fall meeting of the American Rose Society is to be held at Hershey and Harris-
burg, and a most unique invitation is being made by Mr. Hershey, of which information
will be found in the next number of the Magazine.

Rose Day at the Cornell Test Gardens

About Leonard Barron

The sudden passing, on April 9, of
Leonard Barron, who had been for two
years President of the American Rose
Society, and for more than twenty years
a sincere and working friend of that
organization, is well known by this time
to all our* members through other
publications.

Mr. Barron's history, long and effec-
tively horticultural as it was, is not here
so much in point as the way in which he
made his history, his achievements, his
talents so thoroughly valuable to the
American Rose Society. He was not only
a great horticulturist, a great writer, a
great editor, but a great rose-man.

Those who read these words cannot
more profoundly sorrow for this good
man who has passed on than do the
Editors, who have had so much to do
with him. If this writer had to express

himself in just one allusion to Leonard
Barron it would be that all through the
long acquaintance that subsisted his
fellowship was always characterized b\
his friendly smile. He could say a sharj),
critical thing with a smile, so that it
helped rather than hurt. He was kindl\
as well as capable, and the American Ros^
Society adds his name to its gallery <':
great rosarians who have passed on, no-
only with complete regret but with th
feeling that his work will always continue
— J. Horace McFarland.

Aid for the Understock Studies

Mrs. H. D. Page, of Mason Cit
Iowa, has contributed $25 to the fun
appropriated for the use of Prof. T.
Maney, of Iowa State College, in h
understock work, and her help is a|;
preciated. Other contributions will 1^
welcomed.

The Cornell Test Gardens, at Cornell
University, Ithaca, N. Y., are extending
an invitation to all members of the Ameri-
can Rose Society and their friends to
attend a programme in honor of the rose
on Saturday, June 25, 1938. The Cornell
Test Gardens have recently been desig-
nated as an official trial-ground of the
American Rose Society, and much of the
garden has been planted with the novel-
ties of the leading rose producers of the
country.

The programme will begin at 9 o'clock
with an inspection of the rose-garden,
with R. E. Christie, superintendent of the
garden, in charge. At 10 o'clock there
will be a lecture by R. C. Allen on "Ex-
periments in Rose-growing." Aside from
variety testing, there are a number of
cultural experimental projects in progress
which will be on exhibit and the results
of the experiments to date will be dis-
cussed.

At 11 A.M., Dr. L. M. Massey, Plant
Pathologist of the Society, will speak on
"Healthier Roses." Dr. Massey is carry-
ing on some experiments in the control of
rose diseases in the garden, and will use
his tests as a basis for discussion and
demonstration.

At 1 P.M., E. S. Boerner, head of the
Research Department at Jackson &
Perkins Company, has the topic "Rose
Varieties Go Modern." Since Mr. Boerner
is now engaged in rose-hybridizing, and is
in close contact with the leading hybrid-
izers and rose-gardens of the world, he is
chock-full of ideas and information on the
recent introductions and those on the way.

At 2 P.M., Dr. W. E. Blauvelt, who is
assisting the American Rose Society in a
study of the rose midge, will talk on
*' Routing Rose Insects." Dr. Blauvelt is
•i specialist in insects of ornamental plants
a nd has done considerable work with rose
;:isects both in the garden and in the
js'cen house.

At 3 P.M., R. Marion Hatton, Secretary
< ' the American Rose Society, will speak
' :; ''Gardening with Roses." The lecture
' '11 deal primarily with how to use roses
' ' )st effectively in both the small and the

Re garden. Combination of roses with

i ■. !

other kinds of plants, as well as their
general cultural requirements, will be
discussed.

From 4 p.m. on there will be an "Ex-
perience Exchange." This is to be an
open forum participated in by all present.
The men on the programme will be on
hand to answer questions in their respec-
tive fields.

Ithaca has plenty of accommodations,
in hotels, tourist homes, and trailer
camps. The city is in the heart of the
beautiful Finger Lakes District of New
York State. There are three of the most
spectacular parks in the state within a
radius of seven miles, with full facilities
for picnicking and camping. Watkins
Glen is less than thirty miles away. As
an added attraction, Ithaca is within an
hour and a half's drive of the famous rose-
gardens of the Jackson & Perkins Com-
pany at Newark, N. Y., where an annual
rose festival is being held, and where great
things are being done with many roses.

The two days previous to Rose Day
are devoted to a Judges and Exhibitors
School of special interest to Garden Club
people and those interested in amateur
flower shows. Further details of the
programme or other information may be
obtained from R. C. Allen, Department
of Floriculture and Ornamental Horti-
culture, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

His Twelfth Rose-Garden Is
Completed !

On page 97 of the 1938 Annual is a
statement concerning the twelfth rose-
garden planted by R. A. Nicholson, an
English member, who is the donor to the
American Rose Society of the Nicholson
Bowl. A letter from that able and suc-
cessful rose-grower, now somewhere in his
eightieth year, from his new home in
Sussex, indicates that the twelfth rose-
garden is actually completed. This is in-
formation which his many friends in
America will be glad to note, with the
hope that it will prosper as its predeces-
sors have prospered, and as Mr. Nichol-
son himself has caused roses to prosper
in many places.

Disease-Control Campaign Ends?

A Prescription

It Is with regret that a decision has been
reached to terminate the disease-control
campaign, ofFicially, because of lack ol
working interest on the part of members
of the Society. However, the seventy-
live or so members who have so far in-
dicated a desire to participate will be
given every possible assistance that would
have been given them had the campaign
been continued, in so far as they may
desire such service; and general service in
disease-control matters will be continued
as in the past. The campaign, to be suc-
cessful, required at least 100 participants
and failure to interest this number has
led to the decision to discontinue it.

The four years of effort put into the
campaign have been decidedly worth
while to the investigator, and it is hoped
that all members of the Society have
profited by the experiences of those who
have cooperated.

The 1938 growing season is now under
way. In sections from which reports have
been received the weather was favorable
for early growth of the roses, with sub-
sequent set-backs due to low temper-
atures. Thus the problem of getting the
season's spray programme under way has
been somewhat more difficult than usual.
It is to be expected that the activities of
the black-spot fungus and of other dis-
ease-producing organisms will keep pace
with the season and development of the
roses, and be equally early. Consequently
no delay in starting the season's spray
programme should be permitted. Rapid
growth and frequent rains call for frequent
applications to keep the foliage protected;
and it is important that early infections
be prevented. Current season's infection
by the black-spot fungus has been re-
ported already. Keep in mind that when-
ever the foliage is wet continuously for as
long as six hours, infection may — prob-
ably will — take place unless some protec-
tive fungicide is present.

It will be found that while no difficulty
is experienced with the sulphur dust,
sprays will not effectively wet and adhere
to the foliage, especially the young leaves,
unless something is added to lower the
surface tension of the liquid. This is due

to the waxy character of the cuticle of the
leaf. So, examine the sprayed foliage to
see if the liquid wets and spreads over the
surface — or does it ball up and run off, or
accumulate in large drops? If the latter,
a wetting and spreading material should
be added to the spray. Such materials
are available, and a request to the writer,
indicating the particular spray to which
it is to be added, will bring you the neces-
sary information.

More thorough wetting may increase
the danger of burning, along with greater
efficiency in protection. The solution to
this problem is greater dilution of the
spray material. It is probably generally
true that fungicides are used at concen-
trations greater than they need to be, the
attempt of the operator being to correct
deficiencies in timing and thoroughness
by the use of strong materials. This is n
mistake — there is no substitute for proper
timing and adequate thoroughness ol
coverage. A 2-2-50, and probably even
a 1-1-50, bordeaux mixture, or its
equivalent, is adequate if the spray is
properly applied, at timely periods.
Naturally, there is an upper limit to
dilution; and it is true that certain pro-
prietary compounds are recommended .it
dilutions too great for effective control,
in order to get the price down. But the
solution to the disease-control problem i-
not in the use of strong, caustic materials.

Good, effective coverage cannot h',
obtained with a spray unless it is apphc*!
at a pressure of 25 to 50 pounds, or moi-.
and with a nozzle that breaks the spr.i
into a fine mist. Failure is assured unic -
you have a good sprayer and nozzle. !■
the nozzle has been used extensively, Imi
hole in the disk is probably now too lar-
This old disk should be replaced with
new one. Pressure gauges increase t
cost of a sprayer not more than a dol: '
or so, and are worth the price. Furtli' :,
the sprayer should be equipped with i
extension rod and angle or adjustn:
nozzle, to enable one to cover t;
undersides of the leaves as well as t' .
uppersides. The chances of infect i'
through the two surfaces are about equ •
— L. i\l. Massey.

Nature seldom strikes without warn-
ing, and wise is the man who heeds the
warning and quits while he is still able to
carry on a moderate life. By so doing he
may have before him many happy years.
Foolish indeed is the man who refuses and
deludes himself into thinking that his pain
is indigestion, and that his short breath is
due to smoking or lack of exercise.

As I have said, the wise man reads the
signs and rearranges his life within his
physical limitations. Then the great
problem arises. Here is a man who has
been active mentally and physically, con-
demned to a life of doing nothing.

What can be more discouraging to an
active man or woman than to be deprived
of the activities which formerly made up
that life? Without something to do which
is worth while, he too often becomes de-
sp(MKlent, introspective, irritable, and
wonders if he would not be better out of
it all.

To such a man or woman, who either
Ironi disease or advancing age is forced
to limit his activities, I wish to prescribe
a rose-garden, for I know of nothing
which will bring so much pleasure and
health of mind and body. It will take
him outdoors, give him a form of exercise

which is within the limits of his physical
ability, and provide him with plenty of
sunshine and fresh air, both wonderful
medicines, from March to December.

He will plan his garden, select his roses,
plant them, and, until cold weather,
watch them grow and bloom. He will
learn their names and be able to tell them
as he does his acquaintances.

He will be kept busy hoeing, dusting,
labeling, watering, killing insects, and, if
he desires, hybridizing and budding — a
busy and interesting programme.

Then there are the visits to other
rosarians who are always not only glad
but eager to show their gardens and ex-
change experiences and opinions.

During the winter and evenings there is
much to read concerning the rose and its
culture, and if he is scientifically inclined
there are tremendous possibilities for re-
search. It can be readily seen that he can
easily use all of his time with the roses.

There are, of course, other programmes
for the disabled, but none which offer the
combination of light exercise in the sun-
light and fresh air with so much enjoy-
ment and educational value. Take the
prescription, you worn men! — E. W.
Burt, M.D., New Bedford, Mass.

Inducing Root-Formation on Dormant Rose

Cuttings

It is well known that leafy or soft-wood
cuttings of various woody perennials root
more easily than dormant or hard-wood
cuttings. This is particularly true for
roses. Nevertheless, for certain parts of
the country, propagation from leafy, soft-
wood cuttings is often undesirable and
i unpractical, so that recourse is frequently
(iad to heeling-in hard-wood cuttings over
^vinter until they have calloused, and
then setting out the cuttings in the early
^i)nng — a time-consuming procedure.

While engaged in breeding for disease-
'vsistance in roses it became necessary to
hnd methods of propagation from hard-
) ood cuttings which would yield results
in relatively short time. Fortunately, the

remarkable work of Drs. P. W. Zimmer-
man and A. E. Hitchcock, of the Boyce
Thompson Institute, in stimulating root-
formation on many different types of
plants by the use of certain chemicals, led
the W'ay. Dr. Zimmerman, in the 1937
American Rose Annual, has shown speci-
fically that leafy cuttings of roses root
easily when treated with one of several
horrnone-Iike substances. Do hard-wood
cuttings respond similarly?

On January 15, 1938, cuttings were
made from a dormant Setigera hybrid
growing outdoors. The bases were im-
mersed in a solution of one of the hormone-
like substances, using 1 cc (8 B.T.I.) of
the commercial product in one pint of

148

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

149

water and allowing the cuttings to remain
in this for 24 hours. They were then
planted in coarse, moist sand on a green-
house bench and kept there for five weeks.
At the end of this period root-formation
was well advanced on all cuttings that
had calloused — approximately 75 per cent.
It is quite probable that this would have
been considerably higher and that one-
sided killing of the tissues avoided if the
cuttings had been shortened to the usual
length of 4 to 6 inches. (They were made
8 to 10 inches long on the assumption that
several inches of the lowermost wood
might be injured or killed by the chem-
ical.) The one-sided killing of old stem
tissue occurred in a high percentage of
cases, the side killed being always op-
posite from the one in which apical leaf-
growth had been made. This suggests a
starvation process which is capable of
elimination.

The new growth, however, was fully
normal so that when the potted cuttings
were transplanted outdoors in late March
and early April, and planted to a depth
in which the new top-growth was partly
below the soil-line, growth of the tops
continued without any hindrance.

This method promises to be of real
value to home gardeners, particularly

to those living in sections where prop
agation during the summer yields poor
results.

For the home gardener who cannot
afford to buy as many climbers or large
bush roses as desired, this form of prop-
agation should be helpful. A small
wooden box, with sand 5 inches deep, can
be kept indoors near a south or west
window, the cuttings, when ready, trans-
planted to 6-inch pots filled with good
garden soil, and set outdoors as soon as
danger from late spring frosts is over.
So far as small bush Hybrid Teas is con-
cerned, the writer has no evidence to
show that they, when treated with hor-
mones, produce plants that are as good
as budded ones. The method here de-
scribed is recommended particularly for
those varieties that make strong growth
on their own roots. With few exceptions,
such varieties are to be found mainly
among climbers and large bush roses.
Laurent Carle, Mrs. Aaron Ward, La
Champagne, and a few other Hybrid
Teas, after a few years* growth, make fine
bushes on their own roots, according to
the writer's experience, but they seem-
ingly are exceptions. — H. R. Rosen,
Agricultural Experiment Station, Uni-
versity oj Arkansas.

Roses Can Prosper in Florida!

I came into the American Rose Society
only last year, and prior to that time had
very little opportunity to actually raise
roses. It was generally conceded through-
out Florida that raising roses required all
one's time, and that Radiance was the
only rose you could grow here. Appar-
ently, a great many people still cling to
that absurd idea; therefore anyone can
readily see why I thoroughly enjoyed the
article appearing in the last Magazine,
written by Mr. Thorn Smith, of Fort
Myers, Fla.

Last year I started with about 600
bushes. They were chosen purely because
they were some of my personal favorites.
According to gossip, even by some florists,
they wouldn't grow here except in hot-
houses, but we were determined to try.
Our home is directly on Tampa Bay,

facing west, where we have high winds,
hot days, cool nights, and generally Inji
and dew every morning.

The soil is sandy loam to plain whit'.
sand, and filled with shells. We did not
use any clay but went down almost 3 feci
using black muck, then cow-manure, aw'
black soil mixed on top. Texas buslu
were purchased and set out just as thr
came, without pruning. They were R<
Radiance, Etoile de Hollande, Briarcli*
Kaiserin Auguste Viktoria, Luxembouri
President Herbert Hoover, Alexanc!'
Hill Gray, Antoine Rivoire, and lat.
Texas Centennial, Mrs. E. P. Thorn, a
Golden Dawn. At the same time v
planted 20 Louis Philippe, 10 Kirst.
Poulsen, and 10 George Elger.

All started blooming within two mont '
or so, and are still going like a house ai;

Black-spot and insects are bad, of course,
but, like Mr. Smith, I find Pomo-Green
(with nicotine) a very easy way to keep
everything under control. We use a
mulch of oak leaves during the dry, hot
weather and fertilize every two months
with an even mixture of bonemeal,
cottonseed meal, goat-manure, sheep-
manure, vegetable 5-7-5 with a dash of
carbo-ash or anything else handy — a
bucketful of each dumped into a wheel-
barrow and stirred with a shovel. Such a
diversified diet seems to please them here;
stems are long and the roses beautiful all
the year. They require very little "fussing
with," especially the Hollande and Briar-
cliff. The Radiance is more trouble than
all the rest put together, and about the
least beautiful. Alexander Hill Gray is
inclined to nod. Antoine Rivoire is a shy
bloomer but beautiful and lasts well.
Hollande and Briarcliff, strange as it may
sound, seem to be practically immune to
black-spot, mildew, and insects. They

are sprayed only once a month or so, and
watered with the nozzle, wetting the
entire bush about every ten days.
Kaiserin blooms all the time and is a good
keeper. Hoover is fine, also Luxembourg.
Texas Centennial blooms freely, but, like
Mrs. E. P. Thom, is susceptible to black-
spot. However, a few minutes' spraying
every two weeks keeps them in good
shape. Golden Dawn is extremely vigor-
ous and free blooming. In fact, after
trying out odds and ends of every kind of
rose from Polyantha to the Climbers, I
fail to find a single variety that will not
grow here, even under adverse conditions.
The color is richer and, of course, the
blooming season longer. Florida should
be the greatest rose state in the Union
once the people realize what can be done
with so little effort.

I always look forward to receiving my
Rose Magazine and am proud to be a small
part of such a great organization. — Mrs.
D. H. Bryan, Tampa, Fla.

Two Wonderful Pink Roses

Having specialized in roses for thirty-
five years, each year trying some new
ones, I was very much pleased the past
season to at last find two roses, not only
as good, but better, than Radiance. Last
February I planted ten Editor McFarland
and ten Sterling (Texas roses, too) which
were more satisfactory than any two
roses I had ever grown. I had never seen
Sterling until the 1936 meeting of the
American Rose Society out in Fort
Worth, Texas, when at the end of the
luncheon table where I sat was a large
bowl filled with superb roses of the most
exquisite pink; some held their heads
proudly aloft, others leaned gracefully
toward us, that we might the better see
the wondrous beauty of each petal.
They were as perfect as any roses could
be, even when grown under glass. Stems,
loliage, form, and color left nothing to
be desired.

The bowl of roses, the loveliest I had
ever seen, was removed during the lunch-
eon to be photographed, and on their
return I learned that the Verhalen Nur-
sery in Texas was featuring this rose, so

wrote them, and my delight knew no
bounds when those ten Sterling rose
plants arrived. In the rose-garden of Dr.
T. Allen Kirk, in Roanoke, Va., on seeing
his very large bushes, I remarked upon
it, and he assured me Sterling just grew
that way. My plants of Sterling have
bloomed all summer and fall, as has
another wonderful pink rose. Editor
McFarland. While Sterling's color is a
dynamic pure pink in its brilliance, there
is something about its color, so full of
life, yet soft satiny pink. The lustrous
ethereal beauty of Editor McFarland is
also very satisfying, and it sometimes
blooms in large clusters. It is one of the
few Hybrid Tea roses whose beauty is
not dimmed by such liberality of bloom.
Both carry their blossoms on wonderful
stems, and both have nice foliage.

In a large arrangement I made of these
two in a silver urn for the pulpit of the
First Presbyterian Church in mid-Novem-
ber (I cut them with stems up to 2 feet),
at a distance one could not tell these roses
apart. It was a superb arrangement. —
May Hutchinson Overbey, Danville,Va.

Rose Success in New Mexico

Practise What You Preach

When I took up my residence here in
1931, Hybrid Tea roses were a rarity,
and the few local nurserymen advised
against rose-planting. Resenting their
prejudice against the Queen of Flowers,
I embarked on an amateurish career of
rose-growing, and at the close of 1937 had
almost every available space in my yard
taken up with over 300 rose plants, pre-
dominantly Hybrid Teas. Since the close
of 1937 I have made room for and planted
over a hundred additional plants of the
more recently introduced varieties.

My rose-garden, in all truth, is the
result of the "trial and error*' method.
I had much of the usual beginner's ex-
perience, even though purchasing plants
from the accredited best firms in New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Oregon, Texas, and
California. I soon found that the variety
of Hybrid Teas grown here mattered not;
it was the root-system upon which the
plant was budded that was important.
Japanese Multiflora understock I have
found to be practically worthless here.
On the other hand. Ragged Robin shows
excellent results, even with the weakest
varieties. I have had on that understock
Los Angeles, Hadley, and Rose Marie
4j/2 to 5 feet in height the first year.

My choice of twelve varieties for New
Mexico is Hadley, Hoosier Beauty, Gen-
eral MacArthur, Los Angeles, Miss
Rowena Thorn, f^ose Marie, Golden Em-
blem, Mrs. E. P. Thorn, Golden Dawn,
Autumn, President Herbert Hoover, and
Talisman. These give me quantity as
well as quality, and I know of none that
surpass those two much-maligned varie-
ties, Los Angeles and Golden Emblem.
Novelties are missing from my list, be-
cause the most of them are put out by
the eastern nurserymen and it is some
time before our California growers get
them on Ragged Robin understocks.

I note many desirable creations of
McGredy, Mallerin, and Dot which are
conspicuous by their absence here.

It might be of interest to know that
my increased planting this winter was all
of plants grown by Frank C. Raffel's
method as pictured and described in the
January (1938) Magazine. These plants.

which had only been ten months in a
nursery row, carried three or more canes
of a caliper much greater than plants
sold me from the East as extra grade. I
also have on trial six of Raffel's newly
developed tree-roses, and, judging by the
specimens received, he has rightly pro-
tected his methods by applying for a
patent.

I am having fine success with a sideless
lath-house. There are eight sections to
the roof, any one of which can be taken
down or moved to meet the position of
the sun.

This does not mean that roses cannot
be grown without shade. I have enor-
mous bushes having abundant bloom
growing in the open, but the color is
quickly burned out of the flowers in the
hot sun. Under my lath shade I find no
difficulty in matching the color plates in
the nurserymen's catalogues. In m\
earlier experience I found that although
the plants grew rampantly they eventu-
ally fell prey to chlorosis, but by following
the recommendations of Harry Daunoy,
who tested my soil, this trouble was soon
ended and the plants have again assumed
a vigor and robustness exceeding that
which they reached when allowed to go
native. — James Rylance, Albuquerque,
N. M.

A Correction

In the May-June (1937) Magazine wc
published a lovely poem under the title
"What One Rose May Mean," not know-
ing the author or the correct title. There
was also one important word omitted
from our copy, and we are therefore re-
printing the poem as written by Mr.
Nixon Waterman, President of the Boston
Authors' Club.

A ROSE TO THE LIVING

A rose to the living is more

Than sumptuous wreaths to the dead;

In filling love's infinite store,

A rose to the living is more,

If graciously given before

The hungering spirit is fled,—

A rose to the living is more

Than sumptuous wreaths to the dead.

—Nixon Waterman'

After contributing my "little bit" to
the 1938 Rose Annual, I regret not having
mentioned that my complaint had nothing
to do with "ten-cent" roses, because,
after all, they can only be classed as
*'junk." I am only interested in the
(juality of roses we all pay top prices for.
I herefore, I was deeply interested in the
article "How Nurserymen Store Roses."
All of the reports submitted state the
roots are given every protection. What
happened to the report of the nursery
that stores their roses with bare roots?
rhere is no question but that they have
a satisfactory plan to give rose plants
proper care and protection. But do they
do it? Instead of the beautiful "halo"
they are trying to surround themselves
with, I see only hundreds of plants
robbed oj their vitality.

Another interesting feature is that when
mentioning failures to several nursery
eonccrns, they always come back with
the statement, "lack of proper planting
and care on your part" is the cause. They

would have us believe most of us are such
rank amateurs that we know nothing
about the cultivation of the rose!

The roses purchased and received since
last fall and to the present time, show one
great fault, digging before the wood ripened;
Nature was not able to do her work in
hardening the wood. Others beside my-
self have found, in the greatest majority
of cases, wood so soft that it was squashed
when cut with the pruning-shears. For-
tunately, we had a very mild winter, and
many plants were not lost; but even so,
they will not do well for us. Just another
complaint to be laid to the nurserymen!

I believe it is high time for us to compel
the nurserymen to "Practise What They
Preach," so that w^e may receive better
value for our money. I know of a plan
how to make them do it. Shall I spill it?
— G. F. MiDDLETON, Seattle, Wash.

Mr. Middleton needs to be assured that most
nurserymen actually prefer to have the rose
plants they sell really succeed! Let him spill his
phm. — Editor.

Hybrid Perpetuals in Indiana

We have just seven of the older varie-
ties of the Hybrid Perpetual types of
roses. All of these we have had for a
number of years, and have propagated
Irom cuttings until each variety is pretty
weH represented.

General Jacqueminot, than which, at
Its j)cst, there is no more beautiful red
rose, gives fine-quality blooms for about
SIX weeks during May and June, and
N^'irse, rather poor flowers throughout
the rest of the season.

Paul Neyron's enormous deep rose-
pink blossoms are finest early and late in
the season, but there are a few flowers all
through the summer, while Mrs. John
bung and Frau Karl Druschki bloom as
p.olifically as Hybrid Teas. Mrs. Laing
naist have extra-special care if it is to
retain its leaves.

Anierican Beauty needs very severe
P'uning, and may bloom, but not with
?.^i("at freedom, all through the growing
season. & & b

b B. Clark and Margaret Dickson give

line blossoms in May and June, and some-
times a few in autumn.

The Hybrid Perpetuals, like most other
roses, except Polyanthas, give their best
blooms only when carefully disbudded.

We give the Hybrid Perpetuals the
same kind of winter protection that we
do the Hybrid Teas. Each plant is
banked with light soil, then manure is
scattered over the beds. They will stand
a temperature below —10° but will kill
back to the covering at — 15°.

We were very greatly interested in
Miss Rohde's writing in the Rose Annual
about roses and delphiniums, for in our
own extremely informal garden we have
always grown delphinium with the taller-
growing roses. Last year a very vigorous
hybrid delphinium plant grew next to a
large bush of the Hybrid Rugosa, Conrad
F. Meyer, and, protected by the rose, the
tall stalks of the delphinium did not
break in the wind and rain, as they had
previously done. — Rebecca Parker,
Salem, Ind.

On Selecting Budwood

May I, as a member of the rose-loving
band, appeal on behalf of the long-suffer-
ing rose amateurs? They are long suffer-
ing, and the very best of sports. Witness
the grace and good nature with which
they took the fiasco of a so-called remon-
tant scarlet climber. All of us have heard
explanations of it, but none sound satis-
factory. There seems to be something
about raising roses for fun that tempers
the disposition, and I suppose this is as
it should be, for Her Majesty, the Queen
of Flowers, deserves delightful lovers.

Why can't we grow the newer roses
with the magnificent display of the
nursery test-gardens? We travel hundreds
of miles to see the new things growing,
and come back all a-twitter over some
glorious new color, or some wonderful
new form, but when we plank down real
money f^or them, we sometimes receive
small plants that put out weak shoots,
which sometimes are tipped with a bloom,
but just as often are blind.

Where, or, where, are the test-garden
blooms? I don't know, but experts tell
me that they have disappeared in the use
of weak and immature buds for mass pro-
duction. They tell me that weak buds
from weak and immature bud-wood will
invariably produce weak plants, and that
buds from blind bud-wood will increase
the tendency to produce blind plants.

Some time ago I received a letter from
an Oregon "Proof of the Pudding" cor-
respondent, taking me to task for a
report on Rouge Mallerin, and in de-
fending myself I struck up quite a corre-
spondence. I found out that he operated
a nursery, and because I liked the way
he talked, and I, too, wanted to try some
plants from the rose heaven of Oregon, I
ordered several from him. When they
came they were the most magnificent
plants I had ever received. Everyone who
sees them comments on their vigor. I
wrote and asked him how he did it, and
his reply was, "Bud selection."

One of these plants, a Mrs. Pierre S.
du Pont is planted in the middle of some
Mrs. du Ponts from one of our larger,
much-advertised, mass-production nur-
series. (The one whose test -gardens I

()

()■

travel about 300 miles each year to sec. i
The difference is so apparent that a visitor
to my garden before the plants hi\(\
bloomed, who knew nothing about this
affair, asked why I planted a Radiance
in a bed of Mrs. du Pont!

Now, Brother Nurserymen, we know
that you are all good fellows; otherwise,
you would not be growing roses. We also
realize that you must make a living, but
don't you think it is bad business to pahn
off an unsatisfactory plant on a trustin<r
customer (especially one who, if treated
right, will be an annual customer for the
remainder of his life) when so simple a
matter as bud-selection, and a little care
not to overpropagate, will do the trick?
We had much rather wait a couple ol
years and get carefully budded plants
than to plant them now and make a fail-
ure. Many of us are budding our own,
so we can get good plants. Does this not
make lost business and less income? Any
of us would prefer paying you 75 cents t
$2 for good plants, but unless you e(
operate, we might just as well buy ten-
cent store roses and save the differenee,
because at least some of the time we <.a't
no better from you.

I am sure, from my own experience,
that if some of the new roses showed up
as poorly in the test-gardens as they do m
our gardens, they would never have been
introduced.— James W. Blanks, Clarks-
villcy Va.

Outwitting the Beetle

Mrs. Charles S. Sykes, of Upper Darh
Pa., right in the midst of the Japan.
beetle district, has a small rose-gar^ I <
and during beetle-time wraps each ol '■
buds with waxed paper. This keeps '
beetles off the buds and enables her to
flowers for the house all during b(
season.

This seems to be a thoroughly pract
method to be pursued in small gar(l«
Of course, where one has a great m •
plants, it would be quite a task.

A few years ago one of the rose nurse r
tried to sell small cellophane bags lor '
same purpose, but there did not seen
be any demand for them.

1
' • »

■il
es

!lS

Further Experiences of an Amateur

Many visitors to the Sanitarium have
asked us to recount our experience in the
development of our rose-garden. One of
the features of it which attracts universal
attention is a line of climbing roses along
a wire fence on the western side of our
<4olf course, where for thirty years there
was a hedge of old Crimson Rambler
roses. The severe winters of 1935-36
resulted in the killing of these old plants
to the ground. In the spring, however,
sturdy canes came up from the great root-
systems and instead of replanting the row
we decided to bud new varieties onto
these canes. This we did first in the sum-
mer of 1935, using PauFs Scarlet Climber
and Dr. W. Van Fleet with several new
varieties which were given us by our
friends for test purposes. The buds re-
mained dormant during the summer of
1935, began to push in the spring of 1936,
and in some instances by the end of that
summer showed growth of over 30 feet.
Our success with this first venture has
encouraged us in this fascinating pursuit,
and many of our climbers now bear
Hybrid Tea blooms of various colors,
which we budded into the canes, blooming
throughout the summer. It is easy to
learn to bud, and the writer will be glad
to send to anyone interested simple
clirections which make this interesting
little operation possible for any amateur.

Last summer our visitors were also
interested in the method of training
Hybrid Perpetuals in the form of a hedge.
Our lamented friend. Dr. J. H. Nicolas,
eonstantly liked to point out the ad-
vantage of training long rose canes hori-
zontal to stimulate remontancy. We
have about 400 Hybrid Perpetuals planted
in rows about the gardens, which we have
trained by binding to two parallel wires
strung on cypress stakes 15 inches from

the ground and placed 18 inches apart.
The blooming wood comes off vertically
from these long horizontal canes, and
during the latter part of June and early
July furnish a glorious sight, and the
plants so trained show greater tendency
to remontancy in the fall.

We have tried almost every conceivable
method of winter protection and we are
convinced of one thing — that in this
climate winter protection is necessary.
Our most successful method is to trim
the long waving canes of the plants at a
height of 15 to 18 inches from the ground
in the late fall, and then to bank up the
rows with ashes to a height of 8 to 12
inches. These ashes must, of course, be
removed in the spring, but as we have
ample use for them in re-covering our
walks and driveways the labor is not
entirely lost.

Ashes have many advantages as a
winter covering. In the first place, they
are sterile and absolutely free from dis-
ease. They are porous and allow some
circulation of air about the heart of the
plant. Their insulating value is good, and
we have had no loss whatever from cold
where the plants have been so protected,
although there has been CDiiiplete It^ss of
the unprotected branches, with kill back
to the level of the ash covering, and,
finally, our gardeners state that it is
easier to remove ashes in the spring than
any other form of winter protection, and
we all feel sure that the small amount
which we leave behind isof advantage when
worked into the soil, which here is a heavy,
sticky clay which needs lightening up.

Visitors are welcome in our gardens
where amateurish discussions of methods
in rose-culture are always going on. —
Adrian S. Taylor, M.D., Clifton Springs y
N. Y.

What Is a Good Rose ?

\Vho among us at some time or other,

aving succumbed to the charms of a

ngle lovely bloom of an unfamiliar va-

;^'ty, failed to ask, "Is it a good rose?",

nd so fulfilled the vow to possess it? And

' hat percentage of these "must haves"

(as our distinguished fellow Californian
Mrs. Charles C. Derby might call them)
really proved worth while? And is not
this the reason that our wires have been
crossed and we have placed the cart
foremost?

154

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Some others, much more able, no
doubt, may have at one time or another
recorded their understanding of the im-
plication of the term "a good rose" but,
if they have, it has escaped my search for
truth. With certain apprehension there-
fore I submit this definition.

A "good rose" must have, first of all,
a good plant, and all that may imply.
There must be symmetry of proportion,
whether it be short or tall, well clothed
with luxuriant, relatively disease-resistant
foliage — in short, a satisfactory shrub. It
must be gainly, compact, and good to
look at even when out of bloom. It must
have the ability to produce quantities of
bloom from early spring (in California)
to Thanksgiving, these blooms to be sup-
ported by stems of adequate strength
(whether they are long or short does not
really matter). Some day I am going to
shoot the fellow who asks, **Does it have
a long stem?"

The "good rose" must produce blooms
with petals crisp, spruce, and firm, richly
endowed with that indispensable quality,
"substance." That a rose has iive petals
or fifty is of no concern, but let what it
has be well starched, firmly woven, so to
speak, with heavy warp and woof like
fine Oriental rugs, so that as the flower
ages it may not become a shapeless mass
as it nears its end.

There must be color that is rich and
fresh and clean — and this may obtain in
any hue; the pale yellows and creams are
surely just as rich in their way as their
more striking confreres, the coppers and
reds — color that remains attractive
through all the stages of the development
of the flower; color that fades gracefully
and pleasantly, if fade it must. A "good
rose" must have fragrance, no matter
what — whether it breathes of Oriental
spice, the new-mown hay, ripe rasp-
berries, or any of the other seemingly
obscure olfactory delights with which the
more enterprising catalogue descriptions
regale us. For a long time it seemed to
me that roses were primarily "eye" enter-
tainment, and fragrance was desirable
and enjoyable but not essential. How-
ever, years of watching others inspect
blooms, and observing the inevitable look
of disappointment which follows the dis-

covery of a lack of perfume, have con-
vinced me that it is the final sine qua non
of a good rose.

There is one other attribute which
might seem to belong in this summary-
the bitterly contested matter of form.
To be sure, the ultimate here is "sufficient
petalage, harmoniously arranged about a
high pointed center," and all that, but
many of my best loves just do not happen
to fill this bill, and so if the petals have
that old "warp and woof" I do not care
how they are put together.

With assurance to all potential marks-
men that the writer is quick on his pins
and "ducks" well, the following point
score is suggested.

A "good rose" should score: Plant, 60
(Foliage 20, Remontance 20, Habit 20);
Bloom 40 (Substance 20, Color 10,
Fragrance 10). — Charles V. Covell,
D.D.S., Oakland, Calif.

*'My Choice of the Best Roses*'

At the November meeting of the Seattle
(Wash.) Rose Society, the leading subject
was "My Choice of the Best Roses" and
the following list is the tabulation of
results from the lists furnished by the
members present. It is as reliable a guide
to the North Pacific amateur buyers ns
one is apt to find.

Red. Etoilc de I lollandc, Lord Charlemont, \\ .
E. Chaplin, William Orr, Rouge Mallerii-,
Southport, Hortulanus Budde.

White. Frau Karl Druschki, McGrcdy's Ivoi v .
Mrs. Herbert Stevens, Caledonia.

Yelloiv. Mrs. Pierre S. du Pont, Mrs. Beatt ,
McGredy's Yellow, Julien Potin, Golden Daw ■.
Golden Emblem, Joanna Hill.

Pink. Editor McFarland. Mrs. A. R. Barr
dough, Comtesse Vandal, Mrs. Henry Bowl-
Rapture, Florex.

Blends. Mrs. Sam McGredy, President Herb*
Hoover, Charles P. Kilham, Mme. Coeh.
Cochet.

We Lose Our Brazilian
Correspondent

This office has been advised of t
death, at her home in Nova Friburg
Brazil, of Mrs. Vera E. Schilling fro
whom we have heard for many years wi '
intelligence and vigor concerning r< '
conditions in Brazil.

Stocks for Rose-grafting and Budding as Used

in Denmark

In Denmark the wild-growing Rosa
canina has always been a favorite stock
tor the grafting of all varieties of culti-
\ ated roses, whether bushes or standards.
We, as well as rose-growers in other
countries, have, of course, met with types
of stock claimed to be "improved," and
also R. rugosa and R. multiflora have been
tried in this country with varying success.

The above remarks do not apply to
forced roses, whether grown as pot-plants,
lor which purpose R. rugosa and R. multi-
flora are in use, nor roses planted out
under glass, where both Manetti and
Canina are equally suited. I am con-
cerned only w ith such stock as experience
lias taught us is best adapted for roses
urown in parks and gardens under our
climatic conditions; and this is where
Canina is easily the best understock when
dealing with Hybrid Teas, Hybrid Per-
petuals, and Pernetianas. We have,
though, from time to time been tempted
to use Multiflora for these roses, as this
stock (in the nurseries) produces a more
rank grow^th. It always turns out, how-
ever, that such plants are much less hardy
m our climate, and also yield flowers of

Rose Success in Maine

Outstanding for unique performance in
my garden of some 600 roses are the
Climbers— Zephirine Drouhin, Doubloons,
Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James, Countess of
Slradbroke, Sunday Best, Scorcher, and
New Daw^n, of course.

The Rugosas Dr. Eckener and Parfum
<\v I'Hay grow 8 feet tall w^ith me, and
\ anguard has over 10 feet of superb cane.

Among the tw^enty-odd kinds of Poly-
"ithas, Anne and Karen Poulsen, Perma-
'I' nt Wave, and Gruss an Aachen are notable
I'"; vigor and persistence of bloom.

The Hybrid Tea cutting roses are a
^1' light, of course, and among the bedding

>es none excel Margaret McGredy and
•' Gredy's Triumph. The latter I've seen
"'a dewy morning literally appearing to be
>;! rose-bush dipped in Deitv."— Rupert
N' iLY, Portland, Maine.

inferior color. On the other hand, we can
confidently recommend R. multiflora as a
stock for Climbers, Polyanthas, and
Polyantha Hybrids.

Another stock frequently used by us is
R. rubiginosa, a wild-growing species in
this country, as we have found that many
of the Oriental wild roses, such as R.
Hugonis, R. Moyesi, Persian Yellowy etc.,
take better when buds are grafted on
this stock.

For standards we invariably use an inter-
mediate scion — a cross between Canina
X General Jacqueminot, budded on very
strong roots of Canina. This scion grows
to the required height in one year, and is
ready, during the first summer, for the
final budding of the variety wanted — a
total of three years thus being needed in
finishing the standard.

This kind of stock has proved perfectly
hardy, also, in Norw^ay and Sweden. It
is easier to work than stock from "wild"
roses and seedlings and has in this country
superseded the Dutch Rugosa stock,
being supple and easily bent down and
covered during winter time.— Svend
Poulsen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Erie's Very New Municipal
Rose-Garden

Under the sponsorship of some energetic
women in the Westminster Garden Club
of Erie, there was started, in 1937, at the
Perry Memorial House, a municipal rose-
garden. Because of sew^er disturbances it
w^as not practicable to get this garden
going early in 1937. Not until June, when
the Federated Garden Clubs held a flower
show at the location, was provision made
to plant potted roses in the formal beds.
These, therefore, did not get ofl" to a good
start, yet, as usual, the roses responded
to their ability, showing again the definite
inner vitality of the rose as the best of
all garden plants.

The planting came through the last
week in June, and included Miss Rowena
Thom, Dame Edith Helen, Mrs. E. P.
Thom, Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller,

156

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

157

Autumn, Edith Nellie Perkins, Radiance,
and Etoile de HoIIande.

Despite the vigorous use of Massey
dust, a wet spell in July promoted the
advance of black-spot, but in the fall the
roses "bucked up" and gave some quite
satisfactory flowers.

The garden women and the sympathet-
ically interested local authorities of Erie
are intending to make this garden count
with fresh planting in the spring of 1938.

One unique incident is reported:
through relation to the city's park depart-
ment it has been possible to get buffalo
manure from the zoo for use in the rose-
garden.

Mrs. F. C. Haig reports a pathetically
interesting human relation of this garden.
She writes:

'The Perry Memorial Garden is in a
poor section of the city, and while the
roses were being planted some children
looked in and said, 'Why, they're making
a cemetery.' In their experience roses
w^re used only for the dead. If we can
cause them to plant and tend roses we
will be very happy."

The Perry Memorial Rose Garden in
Erie will warrant interest and reward
those who consider it.

How to Use a Soil-Testing
Outfit

The test for pH of the soil, i.e. deter-
mining the acidity or alkalinity of the
soil within a reasonable degree of accu-
racy, is very simple: On the end of one of
the porcelain plates supplied with the set,
place a small amount of soil; then add a
few drops of the test solution until the
soil is so saturated that 1 or 2 drops will
run off. The resulting liquid is matched
with a color chart and the value de-
termined.

The amendment of the pH, i.e. the
addition of lime if the soil is found too
acid, or an acidifying agent if it is too
alkaline (the amounts to be used), comes
from personal experience as this will vary
in different soil-types. A soil handbook
which comes with the Test Kit makes
suggestions of what to use.

The method for determining plant-food

elements is very simple, but it is advisabK
for the amateur who has no experience Id
chemistry to have some coaching from i\
person who has worked with these sets,
or from a chemist or student majoring in
chemistry, in order to be sure that deter-
minations are being properly made. Tlu
amateur must also be able to recognize
when the chemical reagents have become
unstable. This is easily recognized after
a little experience. Supplying the de-
ficient elements is also a matter of experi-
ence and some research. It is, indeed, all
very simple for any person who becomes
seriously interested in the subject.-
Harry L. Daunoy, New Orleans, La.

The Santa Clara County Rose

Society

The Santa Clara Rose Society was organized
in 1927 by a group of twelve enthusiastic rosa-
rians under the leadership of Mrs. C. C. Derby.
The object of the Society was to spread tht
gospel of the rose and to encourage rose-plantinj^.

The Society offers two memberships, one in
the local Society with dues at one dollar a year,
and the other in the American Rose Society; the
latter membership also includes the local mem-
bership. The membership is limited to eightv-
five members and the average attendance is
between fifty and sixty.

Meetings are held the first Monday of each
month, with the December meeting set aside l<'i
the annual banquet and election of oflicers.
Summer meetings have always been held in in-
teresting gardens, winter meetings in the hot* I.
This year a new program has been tried of hokiinu
the meetings in private homes, with the resul;
the members are becoming better acquainted an i
are discussing rose problems more freely. Ai
each meeting it is the aim to secure a first-cl'
speaker on roses; occasionally some other subjt '
is discussed.

Each year the Society has put on a very !'
and artistic rose show, there being several II
artists in the group. Of particular interest are
specimen exhibits, with each rose prop
labeled. During the past eleven years the H
Society has acquired its own equipment. '
rose snows are always open to the public
people seem eager to learn the names of varn
that are adapted to their own community.

By far the most important achievement ol
Rose Society was the sponsoring of the Munu
Rose-Garden, a project of which the Societ%
well as the City of San Jose, is justly proud. 1'
Mecca for thousands of visitors each year
come from all parts of the world, and is a ^i
stimulus for rose-planting. They do not put'
bulletins.

(The above came in too late to be includr
•The Local Rose Societies" in the March A
Magazine. — Editors.)

1(1

A Study of Plant Patents

From the Portland (Maine) Press
Herald is clipped this acute criticism,
written by Duncan Oliphant.

Last week, the United States Patent Office
issued 754 patents of invention, 115 patents of
design, and one plant patent. During the last
three or four years in which plant patents have
l)een possible, the whole number issued has been
l)iit about one quarter of the inventional and
design patents issued in a single week. Plant
Patent No. 1 was granted to the so-called "New
Dawn" climbing rose, a sport from the familiar
and beautiful rose that bears the name of Dr. W.
Van Fleet, the greatest rosarian America has yet
produced. Plant Patent 271 has just been issued
(or a new variety of peach tree developed by
Marsh Harpole and assigned to a large nursery
house in Missouri. The new peach tree is charac-
terized by extraordinary hardiness, vigorous
growth and late ripening.

It is, of course, elementary that we are over-
uhelnied with new gadgets. Some even think
that if a moratorium could be called upon the
development of mechanical contraptions, allow-
ing us at least to catch up for a few years with
what we already have, we might be better off.
Not so in the case of plant patents. We can
never have too much beauty, too much variety
in the garden. One of the wisest things Congress
ever did was to open to inventive genius oppor-
tunity to profit from the laborious hours of toil
that production of new plants entails; in no
better way can we assure increased pleasure and
profit in garden, field and vineyard.

Plant Patent 271, for instance, may be the
liall-mark of a tree that will enable Maine to
grow peaches on a commercial scale without
destruction of orchards such as that of three
winters ago. Certainly he who spent years in
production of the peach tree now granted letters
|>atent should be permitted to enjoy the profits,
in they small or great, which his labor and brains
iiave, under a wise law, made possible. During
Hiese torturing times when the whole world
seems t() be milling about in utter confusion and
yven thirsting for blood, we would do well to
iK-ar in mind that in every country quiet men
whom dispatches rarely mention are planting,
watehing, hybridizing, culling in order that the
'pt of us may have better flavor, quality and
dependability in fruits and vegetables, richer
t"lor, longer bloom, choicer form in the flower
garden.

I leretofore the inventors of engines to ab-
•'i viate distance and to kill at greater distances
'' ve reaped rewards in cash. Today, nursery-
' > n and seedsmen, midwives to Nature, have
'•' < n recognized as benefactors and permitted to
^' tie in profits their industry and zeal have
t 'itecl. Is there not in the fact an admission
''It the world is acquiring a better sense of
y lilies? Truly intelligent citizens know that a
'tlur Burbank, a Dr. Van Fleet, a Pernet-
' ^ '<|JH;r IS a more valuable citizen than a Catling,
' " I'-ricsson, or a Mauser.

A Three-Show Combination

That ardent, able, and interested rose-
grower, Harry L. Daunoy, of New Or-
leans, the man whose efforts have made
rose-growing practicable in many places
to which roses were previously denied,
sends a clipping to indicate the success in
New Orleans of a recent rose show, held
on April 24. This was the first exclusive
rose show in New Orleans, and it had to
stand against the competition of a dog
show and a baby show, which it seems to
have done successfully.

A Walk among the Roses

Oh, would to God that men were like

The roses in their beauty.
They give the world their finest hues

From nature, not from duty.

They welcome all the light that comes
And rain to aid their growing.

Their varied colors bloom and glow,
The difference never knowing.

There is no scandal where they are.

They smile on one another.
Concerning which is loveliest

They never seem to bother.

No petty fancies spoil their leaves,

No jealousies disrupt them.
There are no liars in their midst.

No hypocrites corrupt them.

Thev live to bloom and bloom to live.

They're open and appealing.
Most happy and most satisfied,

The mind of God revealing.

They love to do the gardener's way

In sunlight glory basking;
They live by hoe and pruning shears.

No question ever asking.

My heart has learned this long ago:

When man his sin discloses.
To save myself from deadly doubt

I walk among the Roses.

— Allen A. Stockdale

Essence of Roses

Procure a quantity of the petals of fragrant
roses, put a layer of the flowers in a wide-
mouthed glass jar, sprinkle them lightly with
fine salt, and place over them a layer of absorb-
ent cotton, combing it until very fluffy with a
fork. Wet the cotton with pure olive oil, then
another layer of the petals, and so on, alternating
the oil-wet cotton with petals, until the jar is full.
Tie the top of the jar securely with a bladder or
oiled silk, and set it in the sun for fifteen days.
At the end of that time press the entire mass
until no rnore of the precious oil can be extracted,
put in a vial and cork securely. — American Home.

1*'

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

159

The April Meeting of the Trustees in Washington

A meeting of the Trustees of the Anieri-
ean Rose Society was held at the Cosmos
Club, Washington, D. C, Monday,
April 18, 1938, with President Kirk, J.
Horace McFarland, S. S. Pennock, M. H.
Morvath, Robert Pyle, Mrs. W. W. Gibbs,
and the Secretary present, and also with
Chairman Dr. J. A. Gamble and Dr.
Whitman Cross of the Rosarium Com-
mittee as guests.

The party was taken in cars to view
two proposed Rosarium sites across the
Potomac in Virginia. One was at the Col.
Madclox farm on Pimmett Run, where
about 100 acres of the Maddox farm and
31 K acres of the adjoining Wagner
estate are available; the second was the
Mackall estate near the Leiter estate,
which has been contemplated for some
time. This latter farm has 150 acres.

Returning to the Cosmos Club, Dr. Kirk
called the meeting to order at 12.45 p.m.,
and Dr. Gamble made the following report:

It has bt'cn a pleasure to have shown you this
morning the two sites seleeted for your approval
for the projected American Rosarium.

The first acreage shown you is located on
little Pimmett Run and the southern end is
within a mile of the Virginia end of Chain Bridge.
This area joins the projected Great Falls Park-
way just before the same makes a turn to the
east from Pimmett Run. That includes some
1 30 acres, more or less. We have noted that the
fall is from west to east and will remember it is
served by roadways already from the east and
west. Should this site be selected, the main
entrance for the Rosarium can be on Pimmett
Run just before the east turn on the projected
Great Falls Parkway. The acreage contains
more than one parcel.

The second acreage gone over with you today
is on the present CJiain Bridge Great Falls im-
proved highway at Dead Run. It is joined on
the east by the same projected Great Falls
Parkway and contains 150 acres, more or less.
This, likewise, is composed of more than one
parcel.

While both acreages in hjcation and make-up
seem equally desirable for the projected American
Rosarium, the second appears to possess several
advantages over the former. These were ob-
served by yourselves and have been mentioned
already. The slopes on the Dead Run acreage
are less steep. The stream itself flows less rapidly.
The soil appears to be equally good. The con-
tours are more varied. The adjoining develop-
ment is more likely to be controlled because it is
as yet in a virgin state. Being on an already
established improved highway is an advantage.
It is also felt that its approach from the east.

off the projected Great Falls Parkway, will Im
quite impressive.

May I say that the make-up of either of thr-.
two sites, it seems to your Chairman, possesses i
superior setting to that of the Rosariums ni
England, Denmark, Germany, and France, in-
vestigated in detail in 1935. They approach ilu
Raflles garden out of Singapore, thougnt by sorn.
to possess the most attractive setting of its kind.
Your Chairman has studied the topography and
contours of the Raffles gardens and feels th;ii
either of these should give America a Rosarium
of which, when fully developed, it may well \)v
proud.

It is estimated that it will require up to
$75,000 to acquire either of these sites. In thi^
connection it is understood that once tluv
become Rosarium property they will be tax frtc.
Inasmuch as it is felt that in location and mak« -
up they are the most suitable for the Rosarium,
contiguous to W^ashington, D. C, so far observed,
that they should be acquired for the projeeird
Rosarium.

Each site is made up of more than one h()ldill^^
making the acquisition of either somewhat com-
plicated. Prices of land within a few miles of i he
National capital are relatively high in price ;ind
are likely to continue to be. This should m.iki
for stability in values. For these reasons, th(
lOO-year look-ahead, as to the American Ros;ii-
ium needs, should be taken at this time, and
sufHcient land acquired as to control the R()s;ii-
ium setting.

The objective of your Rosarium Commits «
in locating two sites for submission to you is m
case both are found to be satisfactory, we will 1"
in a better position to satisfactorily acquire eit Ik i .

As you are aware, the Rosarium Commiti«<
was originated in 1933 with Dr. Whitman (Jt<»^ .
Chevy Chase, Md., as Chairman. He served .-
Chairman until July 1, 1937, when J. A. Gamblr.
who had been serving as Secretary, was m;id(
Chairman by the late Leonard Barron, i fi-
President of the American Rose Society. Siru<
July 1, visits have been made in an efloit •>
locate donors for the foundation and to d '
ascertain the most desirable site close to W i
ington for the American Rosarium. Durin^i ;
past six months, through the cooperation ot ; i
National Capital Park and Planning CommisM i
access has been had to all topography maps sh'
ing the areas contiguous to the present and '
proposed parkways out of the National C;i|)i'
Your Committee is especially indebted to
Frederic A. Delano, Chairman of the C^)mf:
sion, and Mr. John Nolan, Jr.

As you well know, the Chairman ol the ( ■ ;
mission has done a most noteworthy job ■
Washington Parkways, and it is felt that loe.i" ■
the National Rosarium on one of these sli'
be a crowning achievement of that (Commissi'
Your Committee has had very substantial »
couragement from Mr. Delano to date, b<>ti
locating the most suitable site and in the m ,
for donors to secure the same for the proji*
American Rosarium.

II,. I

Your Rosarium Committee at present con-
sists of Dr. Whitman Cross, former Chairman,
Dr. J. Horace McFarland, Dr. T. Allen Kirk,
S. S. Pennock, R. Marion Hatton, and J. A.
Gamble, as Chairman. The late Leonard Barron,
former President American Rose Society, was
also a member.

You are the constituted representatives of the
American Rose Society. Each of you has seen
I hese two sites. If either or both sites seem
suitable in location and make-up for the pro-
jected American Rosarium and worthy of the
needs and cauie of the rose in this great country,
we would like your instruction concerning the
matter. — ^J. A. Gamble, Cbairman Rosarium
(.innmitlee.

The following motion by Mr. Pennock,
seconded by Dr. McFarland, was adopted:
"Moved, that in consideration of the in-
spection made of the two sites suggested
for the location of the National Rosarium
by Dr. Gamble, we record our approval
of the work done, and of its continu-
ance."

On a motion by Mr. Pyle, seconded by
Mr. Pennock, it was ordered that Dr.
(iamble be invited to attend any meeting
of the Trustees where Rosarium matters
.ire to be discussed.

On a motion by Mr. Pennock, seconded
by Mr. Pyle, Dr. McFarland was asked
to draw up a suitable resolution on the
death of Leonard Barron. The resolution
lollows:

"The Trustees of The American Rose Society
in meeting assembled at W^ashington, D. C,
A|)ril 18, 1938, sorely miss the presence and wise
counsel of their associate and late President,
I conard Barron, who was to have met with them

I his day.

"Not only during his lately ended term as
President of the Society, including creditable

II presentation of the Society both in Europe
ind in America, but for all of his life, Leonard
iiarron had been the voice of the rose.

"This Minute is adopted in sorrowful recog-
nition of our loss. There is no possible replace-
ment in sight for this gentle voice of sound rose
wisdom. He was not only a cherished friend to
■ dl of us, but a very great rosarian."

On a motion by Mr. Pyle, seconded by
Mr. Horvath, $100 was appropriated to
'he Rosarium Committee.

It was decided to offer special Gold
•nd Silver Medal Certificates for outdoor-
.^rovvn novelty roses shown as cut-flowers
•t the Potomac Rose Society's show
lext fall.

The meeting adjourned at 3.30 p.m.
R. Marion Hatton, Secretary

Keeping Names Correct

A meeting of the Executive Committee
of the Association of British Rose Pro-
ducers, held in London on February 8,
brought the following action :

"The rose renamed R. M. S. Queen Mary will
not be allowed to be staged under that name at
any of the Royal Horticultural and National
Rose Society's shows. It must be known by its
original name — Mrs. Verschuren — and members
are asked to catalogue it accordingly."

The American Rose Society has con-
tinually protested the renaming of any
rose.

Another Rose Friend Moves On

Love for and work with roses seems to
lengthen the years of man's life. For
many years an active correspondent of
the American Rose Society in Chatta-
nooga, ^y. H. Brundige has maintained
his relation to the Society and his contact
with the editors. We are just informed
that, beyond four score and ten years of
active life, he passed away May 17 to join
with others who have preceded him into
the rose heaven.

A Japanese Beetle Destroyer

Mr. William Schalk, who lives in the
Japanese beetle district at Rutherford,
N. J., reports that a spray made of three
teaspoons of Red Arrow in a gallon of
water kills the beetles almost instantly
and does not injure the flowers. Has any-
one else had any success combatting this
nasty pest? Come along with the facts!

Modern Roses

There are still on hand a few copies of
* 'Modern Roses" by Dr. J. Horace
McFarland, which may be secured from
the Secretary's office at a reduced price
of $2.75, postpaid.

''Modern Roses" is a uniform descrip-
tive list of all the important roses in com-
merce when it was published in 1930, and
by referring to the new roses in the
Annuals since 1930, members will have a
complete list of modern roses.

Roses in Speedway''

AFTER reading "An Imaginary Con-
Z\ versation between President Kirk
-ZjLand Joseph A. Brandt" In the
January-February Magazine, I thought
it might be of some interest to others to
know wliat one person has tried to do in
this lovely httle town of Speedway, Ind.
(home of the world's largest auto race-
track), to spread the gospel of the rose.

A year ago this month, the thought
came to me that perhaps I was the one
Intended to start a movement in this com-
munity that would stimulate a greater
interest in rose-planting. Fifty new homes
were being built (there were already about
five hundred), a new high school was
being finished, a second church was in
process of building. My object was to
make rose-planting a civic affair.

We had not lived in Speedway very
long, and I knew very few people, but my
vision of roses in every garden gave me
the courage to put my thoughts into
action. Because I felt the need of some-
one to back up this idea of "Roses as well
as races in Speedway," I wrote a letter to
the late Dr. J. H. Nicolas. (It was my
good fortune and privilege to know him
when he was president of the original
Indianapolis Garden Flower Society.)
Needless to say that I had his answer by
return mail, with plenty of encourage-
ment, also twenty copies of "AH about
New Roses."

I wrote of what I wanted to do, to the
Flower Grower Magazine, and they sent
me twenty copies of the March, 1937
issue. The Conard-Pyle Company sent
twenty copies each of "Beautify with
Roses" and the March issue of "Success
with Roses," and later, extra copies of
the April and May numbers. I typed the
reason I was giving out these pamphlets,
and pasted it on them, also asking that
the literature be passed on to others.

Armed with all this grand Rose infor-
mation, I started out to ring strange door-
bells, giving out the material and trying
to explain more about the idea. I even
went to the Town Board and tried to get
them to visualize this mass planting.
They agreed it was a fine thing if it could
be put over. On a few occasions I have

asked permission of a hostess to talk a fe\^
minutes on the rose-planting idea. I have
also talked at P. T. A. meetings.

I went to the minister who edits the
Speedway Flyer , our weekly community
paper, and asked if I might have a few
lines in each week about roses. He was
glad to help, and so, for the past year,
there has been something in every issue,
under the title "Roses in Speedway."

And it was the church that made the
first public announcement of the plan of
public-ground beautlfication, starting in
right away to plant the church-yard. This
year they are adding about two dozen
shrub roses and will soon have a real
beauty-spot.

On several occasions word has come
that proved that some seed had fallen on
fertile ground.

It was because I wanted to be better
equipped with the knowledge of the rose,
so as to carry on this plan of planting ol
more roses In the community in which I
live, that I became a member of the
American Rose Society. It has alreaclx
given me a greater feeling of confidence
in my attempt to roslfy Speedway, and
no end of much-needed information, ;is
well as added inspiration.

My garden is always open to visitors.
There are about one hundred roses ol ail
kinds— some brought in from old count r\
gardens, others raised from cuttings,
several are the later patented sorts. N'
matter how I acquired them, they are ;•;
equally loved and cared for. Of cour^.
there are many other trees, shrubs, peici
nials, and bulbs, all of which are requii<
to make a well-balanced garden.

At the present time my interest is ;
the study of Rugosa and its Hybrids an
of the Hybrid Perpetuals. They add
much to our shrub borders and are a I
best for unfenced public grounds. I a
making a study of the rose species, ni'«
for their fruits than the bloom, so as
have their color for the winter garden.

Indiana is a mighty fine state, and ga
the world the beloved E. G. Hill— cH
what a wealth of grand roses he g a
the world. — Mrs. Grover C. Stali
Speedway, Ind.

'.-'

i*?.

July-August, 1938

:^Jt/y

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■Xtf

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■^

RIMENT

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Ediiedhy
J. Horace Md^rland

and R. Marion Hatton

$~-~^

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'mn

Vol. II— No. 10

HARRISBURG-HERSHEY

September 13-16, 1938

INCREASINGLY the gatherings of the American Rose
Society count as full, forward steps in making the rose
universal in America. Hartford told the story of thirty-
three years from the idea of a rose-garden for all. Harrisburg-
Hershey will add late examples of how that idea is building
up for the general good in America.

So plan to come to Harrisburg-Hershey September 15-16,
from anywhere over good roads, and in Pennsylvania through
superb river, valley, and mountain scenery, ending in great
new rose-gardens, with the wonderful "Chocolate Town" close
by to see.

Bring your experiences, your questions, your kicks. De-
pression has not checked the growth of our sound, live mem-
bership. We are 12 per cent ahead of last year, and still
going strong.

»>

^^(Ul^c.^A^^fP(^^

blishedtj The American Rose Society, HarrisburiPa.

Z5< a copy • $1.50 a year

162

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

THE AMERICAN
ROSE MAGAZINE

Edited by

J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

Published bi-montbly by

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Crescent and Mulberry Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

Subscription price: To members of the American Rose
Society 75 cts. a year, 15 cts. a copy, which amount is
includtd in the annual dues oj $1.90.

To all others: $1.50 a year, 25 cts. a copy.

Entered as second-class matter at the Post Ofticc at Hams-
burg, Pa., under the act of March 3, 1879.

Vol. II, No. 10 1938

Garden Club Rose Interest

The yearbooks of the garden clubs are
always interesting to a lover of flowers,
and we enjoy looking them over, but the
1938-1939 yearbook of the Thomaston
Garden Club, of Thomaston, Ga., sent
us by A. J. Nitzschke, Second Vice Presi-
dent of the Men's Garden Club of Amer-
ica (and a member of the American Rose
Society), gave us a real thrill.

Occupying the center of page 3 is the
following announcement.

"It is our aim, for the Garden Club Year
1938-1939 to make an intense study of the flower
supreme — the rose; to gain a more complete

July-August knowledge of the culture and care, creating in

= us a rose consciousness

The Nicholson Bowl

The Nicholson Bowl was awarded to
F. M. Spitzmiller for his display of 12
iDlooms of Crimson Glory at the 1938
summer show of the Niagara Frontier
Rose Society, at Bufl'alo, N. Y.

Mr. Spitzmiller will be the proud
possessor of this lovely Bowl until it is
sent to Salt Lake City, where it will be
awarded at the time of the American
Rose Society meeting there in June, 1939.

A Rose Annual Correction

Mr. John Square, of John Square &
Son Nursery, Painesville, Ohio, calls our
attention to the fact that the climbing
rose John Square is an everbloomer,
blooming every month from June to
October, and not just twice a year as
stated in the 1938 Rose Annual. We are
glad to present Mr. Square's statement.

A Gold Prize at the Potomac Show

The Potomac Rose Society are offer-
ing at their show, October 1 and 2, a gold
vase to the member of the American Rose
Society in Maryland, the District of
Columbia, or Virginia, having the most
creditable rose display. Roses of all such
members will be eligible to compete in
the 143 amateur classes for which rose-
vase prizes are offered.

This fine show is to be held in the foyer
of the New National Museum, Con-
stitution Avenue and 10th Street, N. W.,
Washington, D. C.

Among the rose subjects assigned to
speakers for the meetings during the year:

The Rose in Romance and History.

A Study of Types and Their Varieties.

Soil-acidity and Its Relation to Rose-growing.

When Shall We Plant?

What Plants Should We Buy?

Understocks — Budding and Grafting.

Pruning — High or Low?

Disease and Insect Control.

Cutting and Handling Roses for Exhibition.

What Is New in Roses?

These subjects, discussed by competent
speakers, together with a lantern-slide
lecture to be given at the January meet-
ing, should go a long way toward making
Thomaston another Rose City.

Do any of our members know of other
Garden Clubs devoting so much time to
the Queen of Flowers?

Rose Activities in the Northwest

The four annual Pacific Northwest rose show
for 1938 have gone into history. Portland li<i
off with over 50(X) entries, setting a new hig'i
record. Tacoma followed, maintaining its hl^'i
standards of past years.

Third, held in Chehalis, was the Lewis Coun; \
Garden Club's fifth annual. This year it mov.
forward to an established place among its tlir* ■
seniors, so recognized because of the worthint
of its exhibits.

Last came Seattle, with not its largest, I)
marked by a marvelous exhibition of outstandii
blooms. Harry Smith, of Seattle, its Iarg«
exhibitor, won undisputed title as the top-no! t
grower among all amateurs.

To insure a permanent place in this sisterho'
of rose shows, our garden club should inert- :
its membership in the American Rose Socit t
Can't we have 15 at least?

— The Lewis County Advoc; a i
Chehalis, Wash.

TENTATIVE PROGRAM FOR ANNUAL MEETING

September 15 and 16, 1938

HARRISBURG AND HERSHEY, PA.

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15
Headquarters — Community Inn, Hershey
7.30-9.30 A.M. Registration — Hotel Hershey, Hershey.

(Those reaching Harrisburg first can register at the Civic Club, Front and
North Streets, during the same hours.)

9.30 A.M. Cars and bus to Harrisburg Rose-Garden.

10-11.30 A.M. Dedication of Harrisburg Rose-Garden.

11.30 A.M. Cars and bus to Civic Club.

12 Noon Luncheon at Civic Club.

1.30 P.M. To Breeze Hill by cars and bus.

3.30 P.M. To Hershey by cars and bus.

4 P.M. Formal Opening of Hershey Rose-Garden by M. S. Hershey and
Dr. J. Horace McFarland.

7 P.M. Dinner in Spanish Room, Hotel Hershey. Speakers.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 16

To 10 A.M. Hershey Rose-Garden.

10 A.M. Trustees' Meeting.

10.30 A.M. Annual Meeting in Little Theatre, Business. Address — Miss Cynthia
Westcott, The Plant Doctor — "Care of the Rose-Garden."

12 Noon Luncheon, Community Building, Hershey.

1 P.M. Tour of Hershey, Mr. Erdman and Mr. Stoddard.
Disband.

Rates: Community Inn, Single $2.50, Double $4.00, per day
Hotel Hershey, Single $4.00, Double $7.00, per day

Headquarters will be the Community Inn at Hershey, which is a first-class hotel with excellent

accommodations at reasonable rates, but for those who wish to stay at the palatial Hotel Hershey,

Mr. Hershey has made special rates for members of the American Rose Society for the two days of

fie meeting. Mr. Hershey wishes the members to have comfortable accommodations and requests

iiat reservations be made as early as possible so that there will be no disappointments.

He tenders to members of the American Rose Society and their families a complimentary dinner
' 7 P.M. in the Spanish Room in Hotel Hershey. Non-members' guest tickets can be had for $2.50.

Registration fee for the meeting will be $2.50. This will pay for the two luncheons and other
penses of the meeting.

Members will be notified of any change in this program at the time the ballot is mailed for election
' officers.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

165

The Harrisburg-Hershey Annual Meeting,
September 15 and 16, 1938

FOR its remarkable features and opportunities this meeting will be long remem
bered. Consult the detailed program on page 163, but consider also the

following statement.

Members may arrive Wednesday evening either in Hershey, as provided on the
program, or on Thursday morning in Harrisburg, registering either place as given
in the program.

In Harrisburg, under arrangements completed by the Harrisburg Garden Club,
the ceremonies will begin by the dedication of the new Municipal Rose-Garden
fronting on the Polyclinic Hospital on North Third Street. Included in the dedica-
tion will be the acceptance, by Harrisburg, of the wonderful Donato $30,000 bronze
fountain given to the city by Mr. Hershey. This lovely fountain heads a 300-foot
water reflecting panel, on either side of which are flourishing nearly 8000 roses.
Almost the last great work done by the late Warren H. Manning, the famous land-
scape architect, was the designing of this unique garden with its fountain and
reflecting panel.

Those driving their own cars will find it comfortable, as per program, to stop at
Breeze Hill Gardens on the way to Hershey, 15 miles from Harrisburg.

In Hershey, in addition to the formal opening of the new rose-gardens, with
more than 20,000 plants, visitors will have an opportunity to tour the unique
features of the great chocolate enterprise. Not far from the magnificent Hershey
Hotel, at which on Thursday evening Mr. Hershey gives the members a dinner,
is the Hershey Industrial School, which houses a thousand boys and brings them
through to productive manhood.

Sprays and Dusts Must Be Properly Timed

VISITORS at the Cornell University
Rose-Garden on "Rose Day," June
24, found the garden free from
black-spot. Many favorable comments
were made and questions asked, since
usually at this time of year the disease is
present in most gardens and expected to
increase in prevalence as the season ad-
vances. The Cornell garden has not
always been free from black-spot the last
of June; and those charged with the care
of the garden fully expect the disease to
be present before the season is over.

As this is being written, the roses in
question have received six applications of
a wTttable sulphur spray this season, the
dates being May 25 and June 2, 7, 14, 20,
and 30. These dates are of significance
only with respect to rain periods, since
the spraying of the garden is based on the
occurrence of rains with resulting wet

foliage. It so happens that the six appli-
cations of spray were adequate to provicK
protection throughout all periods whcti
the leaves were wet for six hours or long< i
and during which infection would other
wise have occurred. The season to date :;
Ithaca has not been especially wet nor .
difficult one in so far as spray-timin^!;
concerned.

It is believed that another factm
namely, the use of mulches, has beer,
factor in delaying the appearance
black-spot. These mulches provide
mechanical barrier between the old Ic^i"
on the ground, in which the fungus hii)
nates, and the growing plants, i
several years observations made in i
Cornell garden have indicated that k-
in the beds with mulches have reniaii;
free from black-spot longer than tliosr
the unmulched beds. This situation

supported by observations that new
plantings have less black-spot for a year
or two, and that the removal of an inch
or two of surface soil from old beds and
its replacement by new and clean soil de-
lays the appearance of the disease.

Failure on the part of the average
gardener to control black-spot continues
to be largely a matter of timing. While it
is essential that an effective fungicide be
used, there are a number of such materials
available, both sprays and dusts. The
majority of gardeners are doubtless using
materials that are effective when properly
used. But no material used in a hap-
iiazard way will give control, and guidance
in the proper use of a fungicide is difficult.
If the gardener will keep in mind that it
is during the time the plants are wet that
infection takes place — that whenever the
foliage is wet continuously for six hours
or longer it is probable that new infec-
tions will occur — he will have the basis
for the proper timing. The fungicide
must be on the leaf, and thoroughly cover
the leaf, both upper and under sides,
throughout the time the leaf is wet if
infection is to be prevented. If expe-
rience shows that such protection can be
provided in a garden by an arbitrary
schedule calling for an application once a
week, well and good; if not, more atten-
tion will have to be given to the weather.
Usually, the frequent rains and rapid
plant-growth during the early part of the
season necessitate applications oftener
than once a week; and the dry weather
during the summer usually makes it
feasible to space the applications at
greater than weekly intervals. Again in
the autumn the frequency of rains may
call for applications at less than weekly
intervals if one is to keep the foliage clean
up to the first killing frost.

Periods of high temperatures are now
at hand when caution must be exercised
to avoid burning the foliage. Sprays and
clusts, particularly the sulphur-contain-
no; materials, may be expected to burn
\hcn the temperatures get above 90°.
Attention to the weather at these times
s essential and will usually enable one to
avoid burning and at the same time
maintain adequate protection. Usually

the weather is dry, as well as hot, and
applications may be withheld for ex-
tended periods. Dry foliage will not be-
come infected with black-spot. If the
garden is clean, as the result of effective
earlier applications, it will be less difficult
to keep it free from disease during the
summer. Lighter applications and weaker
dilutions may suffice. A little burning is
less to be feared than severe black-spot
and there is no reason why any garden
should suffer seriously from either.

Progress is being made in the testing of
some of the newer materials and their
proper use on roses. The results of these
researches under way in the Cornell
garden will be published as rapidly as
feasible in order that the gardener may
have the opportunity of trying the more
promising materials as to their efficiency
and their general acceptability. — L. M.
Massey.

A Thornless Rose

Nicolas Grillo, of Milldale, Conn., had
an entire page in the Sunday New Haven
(Conn.) Register y June 12, devoted to his
development of a new thornless florist
rose.

The new rose, which is said to be
entirely free from thorns, is a dark red
sport of Better Times, and has been
registered with the American Rose So-
ciety as Thornless Beauty.

Although most experienced rosarians
have in their gardens thornless climbing
roses, such as the Boursaults, we do not
recall any Hybrid Tea as being entirely
thornless, and while the Columbia family
are no longer considered good garden
roses, the new rose will undoubtedly (if
it is taken up by nurserymen) be warmly
welcomed by those gardeners who fear
the prick of a thorn.

Mr. Grillo, who is a grower of roses for
the cut-flower market, has introduced
several other novelties, among them
being pure white American Pride, for
which he received the silver medal of the
American Rose Society several years ago.
Other Grillo introductions are Emberglow,
Grillodale, Jewel, Regina Elena, and
Sunny Mount.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

167

i
P

The Rose Midge Up to Date

IT IS the function of the American
Rose Society to be promptly and
effectively helpful to its members and
the rose- world generally. Its success in
making black-spot less an infliction than
a disgrace is in point, for no one need
endure black-spot, because the investi-
gations of the American Rose Society
have shown how^ to control it.

Now comes this nasty little beast, the
rose midge, originally described in the
1916 Annual by the Cornell scientists,
and again taken up by Dr. W. E. Blau-
velt, of the Department of Entomology
in the same enterprising institution, in
the 1937 Annual, where the whole story
is told from page 97 forward.

But description is not enough. Fight-
ing control is needed. Therefore Dr.
Blauvelt has been asked to speak right
now, as of the summer of 1938, and he
does so in the following story, which he
calls 'The Rose Midge Again":

The rose midge is rapidly achieving notoriety
as a pest of garden roses. Formerly considered
strictly a greenhouse pest, it has, in recent years,
become increasingly common and serious in out-
door plantings. In the American Rose Annual,
1937, the writer reviewed the situation in regard
to rose midge and its control. During 1937 and
the present season, injury from midge has been
observed in an additional number of gardens in
various parts of New York State. Through the
American Rose Society correspondence, and the
1937 Disease-Control Campaign, reports of midge
damage to garden roses were received from a
number of states including Indiana, Ohio, Massa-
chusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Virginia.
The pest is evidently more common and wide-
spread in outdoor plantings than has been real-
ized, and also continues to be a problem in
greenhouses.

Rose midge is often very destructive in gar-
dens where it occurs. Many of the reports indi-
cated the loss of about half of the spring bloom,
and practically complete destruction of the fall
crop.

The appearance, life-history, and habits of
the rose midge, and the status of control mea-
sures, were discussed in the American Rose
Annual for 1937, pages 97 to 1(K), and need not
be repeated in detail here. The most obvious
and characteristic symptom of midge injury is
the "blighting" of the tips of the developing
shoots and young blossom buds. These wilt,
then become shriveled and brown or black. Often
new shoots become infested just as they "break"
and are killed outright. The injury is caused by

the tiny white maggots or larvae which rasp and
break open the plant tissues, with their chitinized,
hookline moutnparts, and suck up the juices.
The maggots can usually be detected in freshi\
wilted tips, but have usually left by the tini<
they show brown and dry.

When full grown, the maggots drop to the
ground, where they burrow a short distance into
the soil, and transform through the pupal stag(
to tiny, fragile, yellowish brown miciges. These
work their way to the surface, and fly to th(
growing shoots to lay their eggs. They live only
a few days. There is a succession of broods from
early May to late October.

In recognition of the increasing importance of
the midge problem, and the urgent need for
more information on control measures, tlw
American Rose Society has appropriated the
sum of $200 to Cornell University, toward the
investigation of rose-midge control in gardens
and greenhouses, during 1938, and certain mem-
bers have also made contributions for the same
purpose.

The investigation now under way includes
experiments with various types of insecticidnl
mulches, soil-fumigants, sprays and dusts, and a
detailed study of the habits of the pest in relation
to control measures. It is, of course, too early to
draw any very definite conclusions frorn this
work, a full report of which will appear in the
1939 Rose Annual. Practical field experiments in
several large and small gardens are being supple-
mented by laboratory studies on the effect of
various spray materials, tobacco mulches, and
soil-fumigants, on the maggots, pupae and adults.

On the basis of past experience, the practice
most successful in controlling midge is the use oi
a soil-covering or mulch of tobacco. This treat
ment is aimed at killing the full-grown larva- oi
maggots which drop from infested buds to tin
soil, in which thev transform to the adult niidp
stage. This method was discovered by E. \<
Sasscer and A. B. Borden of the United State
Bureau of Entomology in 1918, and has lx< r
used successfully by many greenhouse rose
growers since that time.

In outdoor gardens, a number of growers ha\-
reported good control of the midge by this mean
although they have not been able to complete I .
eradicate it. Orville Martin, an amateur grou<
of Fort Wayne, Ind., in correspondence wi^
Editor McFarland, reported his experience durii
the 1937 season, as follows:

"This last spring about half of my flowers \m ,
lost through midge injury. During August l'
bushes grew nicely, but hardly a rose esca|K
About August 20 I covered mv beds witli
quarter inch of tobacco dust and freshened t li
with about one sixteenth more every week t
vhree weeks. This fall we had more and fm
flowers than we have ever had before. This \^ :
probably due to the thorough job of disbuddu
the midge did for us this summer. October 1,
inspection of 300 plants showed less than 5 |)
cent of the new shoots affected. The first -

November we were unable to find any sign of
the midge on the plants that had been treated.
Ten plants about 50 feet from the rose-garden,
which had not been treated, were still badly
affected, though growing nicely."

The question of the best type of tobacco
material for rose-midge control is one that needs
considerable investigation. There are available
kinds including cut stems (pieces 1 to 3 inches
long), coarsely ground stems (sometimes called
mulching tobacco), shredded and flaked leaves,
and tobacco dust of various degrees of fineness
and nicotine content, and these are all being in-
cluded in the tests. Tobacco dust was used in
the original work, and has been the standard
recommendation of experiment stations. In view
of the successful experience with this, it is prob-
ably the safest material to rely on at present,
although mulching tobacco and flaked leaf
tobacco also look very promising. The tobacco
dust should be fresh, and contain about 1 per
cent of nicotine. Care should be taken to cover
the entire soil-surface under and around the plant.

From the tests so far it appears that a single
application cannot be relied on for complete
control, and the safest course is to renew the
mulch by two or three additional light top-
dressings at weekly intervals. Analyses are being
made to determine the rate at which nicotine is
lost from the tobacco mulch due to leaching from
rains, and samples are being tested for efl"ective-
ncss after difi'erent intervals of exposure in the
garden. Another possibility which is being tested
is the drenching of soil at mtervals with nicotine
solutions to kill maggots and pupae. Dr. William
Watts Horsley, of Lovell, Wyo., has reported
excellent results from drenching the soil at
weekly intervals with nicotine sulfate at a 1 to
4(K) dilution, and the Editor is, I believe, printing
with this his experiences.

Control of the midge by sprays or dusts at
weekly intervals does not seem very promising
at present.

Nicotine, pyrethrum, and rotenone sprays
have not given much kill of the maggots in the
infested shoots. Mr. Crawford, of the Clifton
Springs Sanitarium (New York), made thorough
weekly applications of nicotine sulfate, 1 to 400
combined with miscible cottonseed oil, 1 to 800,
for nine successive weeks, without much apparent
effect. In another garden, weekly applications
since early May, with Tri-ogen, using the py-
rethrum ingredient double strength, had little
effect. The maggots are so well protected in the
tips of the shoots and buds that it is diflicult to
reach them with spray materials. Undoubtedly
contact sprays kill many of the adult midges
which may be present at the time of spraying,
l)ut since they are emerging almost continuously
and start laying eggs soon after emerging, it
would be necessary to spray very frequently to
secure control through the destruction of adults.

i i f i

The American Rose Society includes
scientifically minded amateurs who won't
take defeat complacently, and there-

fore such responses as those which have
been coming to us add to our knowledge
and fighting ability against this pest.
Under the head of "What to Do This
Fall to Eradicate the Rose Midge," Dr.
W. W. Horsley, of the Lovell Hospital of
Lovell, Wyo., gives the frontline and
suggestive experience here presented:

Seems as if the midge is spreading all over the
country, and if it strikes your garden, start
fighting it immediately before it spreads to all
the beds. It is much easier to fight a fire before
it gets a gc:)od start.

My own garden became infested eight years
ago, and various control measures suggested by
our entomologists were tried with some degree
of persistence, and I've still got the midge. For
six years I rarely cut a perfect bloom from my
garden of nearly 1000 bushes, and I observed
that Teas, Hybrid Teas, Hybrid Perpetuals, and
Polyanthas were affected most while standards
and the Climbers were injured least. Last year
I was quite persistent with the usual "control
measures" and I was rewarded with many nice
blooms, but this past spring, with more thorough-
ness and with more frequent and regular applica-
tions of insecticide, I can scarcely find any
evidence of the midge and have gathered armfufs
of most wonderful roses daily.

Now, if your garden shows some sort of strange
"stem-blignt" Hkc August Koch described among
the Gruss an Teplitz beds in Douglas Park,
Chicago, a few years ago, and if your bushes
show most perfect foliage with only a few buds
here and there allowed to bloom, and if these
blooms are ugly, half-bent-over, distorted, mal-
formed flowers, you'd better suspect the midge
and get busy.

The following routine measures should rid
your garden of this most troublesome pest; but,
first, it must be understood that the tmy midge
eggs and the newly hatched larvae are carefully
hidden under the leaf-buds, and it is diflicult to
reach them with insecticide sprays. Therefore,
we must direct our main effort at destruction of
the midge when it is most accessible, and that
period is either when the adult larva drops to
the ground to pupate and form its cocoon or
when it emerges from the ground as a fully
developed adult ready to lay another batch of
eggs. It is during this stage of its biweekly fife-
cycle that it is easily killed by exceedingly small
amounts of nicotine, pyrethrurn, or rotenone.

Nicotine is the cheapest poison to use, espe-
cially so if you live near a tobacco farm. Obtain
sufficient tobacco stems to cover ALL of your
rose-beds 3 to 4 inches deep, or, if you prefer,
cover the ground with a 3^-inch layer of tobacco
dust every two weeks, and water frequently but
sparingly. Otherwise the nicotine will soon leech
out. However, if you live a long way from a
tobacco-producing country, it is cheaper to pur-
chase concentrated nicotine sulphate by the
gallon and mix a good tablespoonful in a three-
gallon sprinkfing-can of water and drench the

168

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

169

I '^f

I (

entire ground around the roses once each week
until after frost prevents new bud-formation.
(As far as I can learn, the rose midge is propa-
gated on the tender bud-stems of roses only, and
on no other shrub.) Then, about one week after
you have applied the necessary winter protection
and tucked the roses away for their dormant
season, drench the entire lot with more nicotine
solution or better still use a weak solution of
lime-suIphur to destroy any spores or dormant
cocoons. The following week give them another
drenching for good measure, and in the spring
apply still another dose before the covering is
removed.

I think it is advisable to supplement the above
"ground treatment" with applications of 1 :4(X)
pyrethrum-rotenone solution on the newly
formed bud-stems from a high pressure sprayer
every week. This combination spray is a most
powerful insecticide and probably our best pest-
reix'llent. Incidentally, it is very effective against
all our chewing and sucking insects, including
the Japanese beetle, too.

Remember that the midge is really our worst
rose pest, McFarland, in a recent communica-
tion, calls it a "little devil" and thinks we ought

to drive it from our midst immediately as it is
going strong.

If a near-by neighbor's garden is also infested
with midge, it must receive similar treatment and
during the same season.

The above measures may sound unreasonable
and excessive to those who nave not had personal
experience with the midge, but I believe they
are all essential and, if followed with persistence,
we shall eventually obtain complete eradication
of the midge from our open gardens.

Control measures are not sufficient. We must
get complete eradication.

It should be noted that, like black-
spot, midge can be controlled only by
persistent, regular, unremitting, patient
endeavor. We will hear of more midge
trouble and more failures to control it,
which when investigated will almost
invariably show lack of persistence.

Meanwhile, Dr. Blauvelt is keeping on
with the study, and we can confidently
expect a report in the 1939 Annual.

The Hartford Summer Meeting, June 21 and 22,1938

The Summer Meeting of the American Rose
Society was held in Hartford, Conn., June 21 and
22, 1938, with headquarters at the Hotel Bond.
Seventy-one members registered from twelve
states, and Canada.

The members convened at Elizabeth Park at
9 A. M., June 21, for an inspection of the famous
rose-garden.

At 11.30, in front of the pavilion, Superin-
tendent of Parks George M. Hollister introduced
Dr. J. Horace McFarland, who presented to
Theodore Wirth, the planner and planter in 1903
of the Elizabeth Park Rose-Garden, with the
American Rose Society's Gold Medal in the
following words:

"We are here today in this first American
public rose-garden, open to all the people all the
time, because Hartford has had two very great
park men.

"Thirty-five years ago one of these prophets
of God's outdoors, fortunately here with us in
the flesh, suggested to the Hartford Park Com-
missioners that 'a more adequate display of roses
for the education and enjoyment of all the people'
was both possible and desirable, and then, with
their consent, began that display.

"His no longer living associate, George A.
Parker, seeing the result, wrote me, because he
reverently believed it, that 'roses are God's
love-letters to His children.' As an inter-
national rose organization we of the American
Rose Society do honor today to the man who
made those love-letters legible to all America.

"I doubt much whether these men, or any man,
realized what was being done when this garden
opened its first blooms. Large as it is, fine as it
is, deeply loved as it is, it is a mere trifle com-

pared with the broad display of roses in America
which has resulted from the action begun here
when the roses first bloomed thirty-three years
ago.

"A great park, whether it be in Hartford or
in Minneapolis, has many sections, many ex-
posures, many values. This Hartford beginning,
historic and fine as it is, stands as the original
section of a vast national rose-garden, open to
all the people all the time over a long blooming
season. Tnis great sectional American garden
has bloomed, or is blooming, or will bloom, from
Portland, Maine, to Portland, Oregon; from tlu
cities of Texas through Boston and New York x<>
the towns of Canada. This rose-June should
have in it five full weeks, to be honest with tin
calendar, to include even the major bloom sea-
sons of the scores of communities which havi
found that not only are roses beautiful in them-
selves, but that they provide the most intensivi
and effective part of a park system.

"As I speak to the man who thus began this
effort to translate 'God's love-letters' into all
municipal languages, I want him to think ol
similar gardens in Topeka and in Kansas Cit \ ,
as well as in Providence and Minneapolis; of >
new and lovely municipal showing of roses in tin
oil communities of Oklahoma. I want him t'
remember his friend and mine, that great rose -
man, the late Dr. Mills, who set the city <-
Syracuse afire with roses. I could tell him «)l
new rose-gardens in my own state of Pennsyl-
vania, where at Hershey roses by the ten thnu
sand are adding sweetness to the June air, aiy!
how municipal rose-gardens in Harrisburg, ni
Bethlehem, and in Allentown are doing equiva
lent work. I could take him by radio speed to Sal'

Lake City, where a new rose-garden is coming
into bloom, said by its inspired projector to have
been founded on a twenty-dollar bill.

"Everywhere some man or woman has re-
ceived one of those love-letters from God, which,
blooming first in the heart, has been expressed to
the public in this type of garden, peculiar, I
believe, in its modern expression to America.

"So, Theodore Wirth, to you who began right
here in Hartford this grand work of making
American cities conscious of the rose as God's
best flower, I give from the American Rose
Society its highest honor in this Gold Medal,
thus inscribed: 'Awarded to Theodore Wirth,
Founder of Municipal Rose-Gardens. Presented
in Elizabeth Park, Hartford, Conn., June 21, 1938.*

"As you receive and cherish this medal I hope
you will come to realize that with it go unspoken
and heartfelt blessings from those millions to
whom your forward-looking and beneficent
action has provided the sight of roses, often
impossible in their own homes but now made
possible because you have set going the forces
which are working to make the rose truly
universal in America."

In accepting the medal thus presented, Mr.
Wirth expressed his great gratification, then
requesting his son, Conrad L. Wirth, Assistant
Director of the National Park Service, to read
the carefully prepared history of the develop-
ment of Elizabeth Park which here follows.

"This is a great day for all of us. It is nearly
thirty-five years since we lent our fellow
minds and efforts in the creation, development
and maintenance of this Municipal Rose-Garden.
It is advisedly that I say *fellow minds and
hands,' because there have been many co-
workers in this very successful undertaking. Let
us not forget a single one of them.

"Mr. Charles M. Pond, through whose
generosity in the gift of his homestead and means,
the creation of this beautiful park was made
possible forty years ago, would be exceedingly
happy and gratified could he but see the results
of his benevolence today. It was he who en-
dowed the park with its name — that of his
beloved wife, Elizabeth. This gracious act of the
donor lends to this public park an enduring and
enchanting charm all of its own — and the Rose-
Garden is deservedly the soul of that inspiring
expression of homage to woman.

. "To the Board of Park Commissioners of the
(^>ity of Hartford, for whom I had the great
lionor, privilege, and satisfaction to serve as its
tirst Superintendent from 1895 to 1905, all credit
IS due for the diligence, care, and appropriateness
with which it has discharged the trust confided to
It in this donation of lands and funds, making
^lie creation of Elizabeth Park Rose-Garden
'.possible.

"The Hartford Park Commission is to my
i'lind the best constituted commission in ex-
'^tence. May its freedom from political influence
nd interference never be impaired!

I wish that all who have contributed by
'liought, action, and hand in the original plan
ind construction of this garden, and all who have

since so skilfully cultivated, improved, and
maintained it, might be with us today. Some of
them have gone beyond; let us think of them
with reverence and esteem. Those of us present
on this occasion who also have had the good
fortune and privilege of participating in this work
in one way or another, an endeavor which has
brought so much pleasure to so many thousands
of people, have every reason to be happy and
proud of the success of our common efforts.

"When I left Hartford some thirty-two years
ago, Mr. George A. Parker, who was highly
esteemed by all who knew him, took over the
garden, and it prospered. After his untimely
death, Mr. George H. Hollister took charge, and
under his administration the garden has con-
tinued to improve and produce perfection in
outdoor rose-culture — as is well evidenced again
today. For once the familiar saying, 'Let George
do it,' applies to well-done work!

"The American Rose Society, under the un-
tiring, painstaking guidance of its leaders, has,
through its years of active work in the promotion
of outdoor rose-culture, made a most out-
standing and valuable contribution towards the
dissemination of knowledge, experience, and
practice of successful rose-gardening in America.
It has constantly and diligently advocated, stim-
ulated, and in practical and instructive ways sup-
ported the establishing of public and private rose-
gardens for the purpose of introducing and foster-
ing rose-culture to the American home gardener.
"Ladies and gentlemen, I mentioned at the
beginning of my remarks that this is truly a great
day for the Elizabeth Park Rose-Garden, its
sponsors, promoters, and growers of the past and
today. Our national organization, the American
Rose Society, does us great honor in holding its
annual meeting at this, our shrine. Naturally,
my thoughts wander back to the days of my
coming here and to the inception of our rose-
garden venture. May I be permitted to relate to
you in brief a few of those happy memories —
even if they are, in part at least, of a personal
trend.

"I was called to Hartford by Rev. Francis
Goodwin, who was then President of the Board
of Park Commissioners. My good life-partner
and I were newly-weds when we came to this
beautiful city in April, 1896. Our three sons were
born here. Conrad and Walter are here with us,
and Theodore, who as a Naval Officer is duty-
bound in California, would be here if it had been
at all possible for him to come. This is truly a
home-coming for us 'Wirths.'

"In 1897, the Charles M. Pond properties
came into the possession of the Board of Park
Commissioners, and the same year the young
park nursery, of which Joseph Vidbourne was in
charge from its beginning, was transferred from
Pope Park to Elizabeth Park. During the fol-
lowing years, we established rectangular and
circular rose-beds in the lawn border along the
nursery road, increasing their number from year
to year. The high quality of the collection and
high grade of its cultivation at once attracted
attention, and brought a great number of

170

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

visitors. Encouraged by such public favor and
enthusiasm, the idea and desire for a real rose-
garden became vivid in us all, and in my annual
report of April, 19()3, I suggested the preparation
of a plan for such a garden. The plan was pre-
pared, approved, and executed the same year.
In 19()4, tne first year's blooms were already very
promising, and in 1W5, the second year of its
existence, the garden came to its full glory — and,
I believe, has been so ever since.

"There are three factors that have been
principally responsible for these highly satis-
factory results from the very beginning of the
garden's existence. They are: (1) The sun-
exposed, yet wind-protected location of the
garden. (2) The grounds of the garden, origi-
nally a part of the nursery, were properly drained
by a system of drains when the nursery was
established. (3) The beds were excavated to a
depth of twenty-four inches and filled with the
Ix'st and most suitable soil and fertilizer, placed
in proper position to be reached by the new roots
the second year.

"This is just a short history of the garden. I
have only the fondest recollection of my rela-
tions with the Board of Commissioners who were
so genuinely and deeply interested in our work,
so uniformly kind and considerate. During my
last years of service, the Board was membered as
follows: William F. Ilenney as Mayor was an
ex-officio member; Charles E. Gross was Presi-
dent; William De Loss Love, Vice-President; and
Franklin G. Whitmore, Secretary. The other
commissioners were Francis Goodwin, Lucius F.
Robinson, Patrick Garvan, George A. Fairfield,
Willis Twitchel, Henry Ferguson, Lewis Grover,
and Herbert Knox Smith. Lucius F. Robinson
acquired park interest habits for his lifetime and
is still at work on your State Parks and Forest
Commission. More power and honor to him!

"My fellow workers from top to bottom were
most conscientious, able, and loyal men. We had
a very harmonious and unified working force, and
I again want to thank them all, whether beyond
or present, for their cooperation and friendship
in days gone by. One of those co-workers I took
along with me to Minneapolis, and as I knew he
would do when I selected him, he has made good
— otherwise my Minneapolis Board of Park
Commissioners would not have appointed him
my successor upon my retirement two years ago.
Christian A. Bossen, a Hartford boy, who also
in his way lent aid to this Rose-Garden, is now
most ably directing the operations and destiny of
the Minneapolis park system. I am proud of
him — and surely so may Hartford be.

"We also made many dear friends among the
people of this community, and all in all, it was
witn the deepest regret that we left here. Our
friends of Hartford, we are all happy to be with
you again.

"You might rightly ask- -'What made you
leave here, since you were so happily situated?'
To that I can answer that it was the larger field
of work offered in the larger city of Minneapolis.

"And now, Mr. President, fellow members of
the American Rose Society, and friends, I wish

to join the many co-workers in behalf of tit
Elizabeth Park Rose-Garden achievement i,
thanking you for coming here and for th
recognition given to our common endeavor aiu;
accomplishment. For this beautiful emblem, tli^
Society's Gold Medal — granted to me personal I ,
for what has really been my good fortune ii.
having been accorded the opportunity to con-
tribute to this work — I wish to express my pro-
found gratitude and appreciation. I am verv
proud of my awards and will prize their posse s-
sion — and so will my people, always. We shall
cherish them as family heirlooms, for which I
now say most sincerely, Thank you!"

Following, another presentation occurred when
Mayor Thomas J. Spellacy, of Hartford, pre-
sented Mr. Wirth with the Medallion of tlu
City of Hartford for which Mr. Wirth gracefullv
expressed his thanks.

The Trustees convened, with quorum present,
at the conclusion of the presentation. As no
business was proposed for action, it was ad-
journed within a few minutes.

After luncheon in town, the members gathen d
at the Avery Memorial Art Museum where J. I.
Kafton, of the Cleveland Rose Society, spoke on
the starting of a local rose society and the staging'
of rose shows. Mr. Kafton's talk was important,
because he explained how easy it was for just a
few rose-lovers to get together, form a sini|>lt
organization, and by holding meetings and shows,
to greatly increase the interest in the rose in an\
district.

He was followed by Thomas Desmond,
F.A.L.A., whose topic was "Design and Features
of the Private Rose-Garden." Mr. Desmond
illustrated his talk by drawings on a blackboard,
emphasizing the need for design in planning i
garden of roses. Every rose-garden should ha\r
a proper background of other shrubbery and snt h
suitable material, he insisted. One's privat.
garden should be enclosed for privacy, and noi
for the use of curiosity seekers, being open onlv
to people who would appreciate the planting.

After the meeting, the members were allowi'
a private viewing of the rose show which wa
under the auspices of the Connecticut lior
ticultural Society, the Garden Clubs of (^"i'
necticut, and the Hartford Park Departnui.,.
There were excellent arrangements of roses » -
hibited by garden clubs and horticultural sock i c
in Connecticut. In adjoining rooms there \\;i'
fine display of specimen plants, of novelties lr< ■
the Jackson & Perkins nurseries at Newark, N. i ,
and of seedling climbing roses from the Browne t
at Little Compton, R. I. F. L. Skinner, of Dn -
more, Manitoba, showed a number of his (»rii
nations hardy in western Canada, transmit'
by air mail.

The silver bud vase donated by the Amcri;
Rose Society was awarded to Miss Mary Ch
man, Manchester, for the best single rose-. '
Silver Medal of the Society went to De x
Brownell for a collection of 10 to 12 vaneiu-
three stems each, and the Bronze Medal te) Ai
James Hayes, Greens Farms, Conn., for n
vase of three roses (Better Times).

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

171

At the informal banquet held in the evening,
the President, T. Allen Kirk, presided, Clement
Mortensen of the A. N. Pierson Ce^mpany, acting
as toastmastcr. Mr. Mortensen introduced the
guests present, after which Peter Cascio, of the
Connecticut Horticultural Society, presented Mr.
Wirth with the Horticultural Society's large
silver plate.

Mrs. Anson Smith, of Dedham, Mass., made
an interesting presentation upon the use of roses
in the home, using vases of flowers to illustrate
her remarks. Mr. F. L. Skinner, of Manitoba,
then told about his research work with hardy
re)ses, and showed colored slides of many of the
plants in bloom, making an interesting and an
important presentation.

The Wednesday morning meeting was held
in the hotel. Dr. J. Horace McFarland, at the
request of the President, briefly described some
e)f the activities of the American Rose Society.
H. L. Erdman, of the Hershey Estates, Hershey,
Pa., showed colored films of the Hershey gar-

den, and invited the members to attend the
Annual Meeting in September when they may
see the lovely Hershey garden and enjoy the
courtesies provided by Mr. Hershey, including
a dinner.

Mr. Lester Need ham, of the Adams Nursery,
Springfield, Mass., spoke on "Roses and the
Customer." He told now roses were handled by
the nurseryman in New England, and strongly
advised his hearers not to try to plant dormant
roses in New England after May 15.

Dr. E. W. Burt, of New Bedford, Mass., told
of "Winter Protection for the Atlantic Coast,"
after which H. L. Erdman, of the Hershey gar-
den, E. S. Boerner, of the Jackson & Perkins
Company, and E. A. Piester, of Elizabeth Park,
told about winter protection and fertilization in
those gardens.

After luncheon a number of the members
visited the A. N. Pierson Greenhouses at Crom-
well, where they were the guests of past President
Wallace Pierson. — R. Marion Hatton, Secretary

Prize- Winners in Europe

THE latest issue of Les Amis des
Roses brings us news of the prize-
winners at the great French shows
this summer. The Bagatelle Gold Medal
was awarded to M. Mallerin's Mme.
Edmond Labbe, orange-red, with back of
petals golden yellow, and to M. Cam-
prubi's 80-U, orange-yellow. Certificates
went to Neige Parfum, white, another
Mallerin origination; to Annie Drevet,
brilliant brasier red, with back of petals
deep yellow, presented by Mme. Berthe
Caron; and to 64-1, orange, presented by
M. Poulsen. The Certificate for a climb-
ing rose was given to an American variety,
S. 2389, rosy white, lightly tinted yellow,
originated by The Rev. George M. A.
Schoener.

M. Mallerin was likewise "top man"
In the Contest for the Most Beautiful
Rose of France, for his Marie-Rose Bes-
son was winner of the Gold Medal. It is
described as coral-pink on a yellow ground.
Silver Medal winner was Marie-Claire,
originated by M. Francis Meilland. It
Is golden coral-red, passing to uniform
orange-yellow. Certificates of Merit went
to Gaujard's orange-and-yellow Mme.

Jean Gaujard, to Gaujard's fiery red
Mme. Lucien Perrier, to Mallerin's
coral Louis Pajotin, to Mallerin's dark
garnet Guinee. The latter was also
awarded the prize for the most fragrant
rose. (It is in America and has bloomed
at Breeze Hill.)

At the Lyons Show, Gold Medals were
given to Chambard's Mme. Bollaert,
coppery coral; to Gaujard's He de France,
coppery salmon; and to Meilland's Marie-
Claire. Gaujard's Reine Astrid, capucin
and gold, and Chambard's Mme. Joseph
Julien, coppery red, won Certificates.

The Italian Awards

The Rose Jury, at Rome, May 21,
1938, made the following awards to roses
under test there.

Foreign Roses. Gold Medal: Grande
Duchesse Charlotte, from Ketten Bros.

Certificates: Simerose, A. Meilland;
Marie - Claire, A. Meilland; 8666, M.
Leenders & Co.; Feerie, Jean Gaujard;
3022, Christoph Weigand; 31-7061 (Miss
America), J. H. Nicolas.

Italian Roses. Certificate : Angela Wulf,
from Marie Christine de Wulf.

1916 Annual Wanted

We have another order for a 1916 American Rose
Annual. Does any member know of a copy for sale?

172

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE
The International Rose Conference in London

I*:

This Conference, which was under the
auspices of the National Rose Society,
was held in London July 1 and 2 and was
attended by representatives from Aus-
tralia, Denmark, France, Germany, Great
Britain, and the United States, Dr. H. V.
Taylor and Robert Pyle registering from
this country.

H. R. Darlington, a prominent English
amateur, in speaking of "The Future of
the Rose," deprecated the lack of form
and fragrance in too many of the roses of
the past decade but felt that possibly we
were approaching the ideal of form and
fragrance in the Hybrid Teas more than
in the Polyanthas.

Wilhelm Kordes, of Germany, told of
his 20 years* trying to produce a red Mme.
Caroline Testout, and called attention to
the fact that the lovely, fragrant Crimson
Glory is the progeny of W. E. Chaplin
and Cathrine Kordes, two practically
scentless varieties. Mr. Courtney Page,
Hon. Secretary of the National Rose

Society, felt that the Polyantha type was
being spoiled by too much Hybrid Tea
blood and that the true Polyantha typ(
should be retained.

Dr. Sansome, of Manchester Univer-
sity, told of the rose-stock research under
way at the East Mailing Research Sta-
tion but which was not far enough ad-
vanced to be of value. Robert Pylc
assured Dr. Sansome of the hearty co-
operation of the American Research
Stations.

A paper was read from M. Jean
Gaujard on the "Origin of a New Variety"
and Dr. Bewley, Director of the Experi-
mental Station of Cheshunt, spoke on
"Diseases of the Rose."

At the second day's session, Arthur
Osborn talked on "Rose Species," of
which he said there were between 250 and
260, and Charles H. Rigg spoke on "Roses
under Glass," not from a commercial
standpoint but so that he could have
roses out of season.

Fighting the Japanese Beetle

I note in the American Rose Magazine
for May-June, 1938, that Mr. William
Schalk has successfully used Red Arrow
in killing Japanese beetles. I used Red
Arrow last summer (1937) and was very
successful in killing the pests. While the
beetles have not been so numerous in this
section to date this year, 1 have killed
quite a number by using the same spray.

I use one-half ounce of Red Arrow to
seven quarts of water. Apparently, it is
necessary to spray the solution directly on
the beetle, as I have not found that spray-
ing the plants prevents attack by the
insect.

A manufacturer of cellophane bags
furnished me with several hundred bags
last year. I tried to protect the blooms by
tying a bag over each bud. The protection
from the beetles was perfect, but the
blooms did not develop, and after a rain the
bags were so heavy that the stems of the
rose-buds were damaged, and they would
not erect themselves. — (Miss) Frances
M. O'Brien, Ridley Park Pa.

Rose Understocks

Correspondence with the Editors in-
dicates rapidly increasing interest in tlu
understock situation. It is believed that
intelligent buyers of roses could properl\
insist on being advised as to what under-
stock was being used for roses they wcr(
buying. When the great National Ro-
sarium has been established, tests could b*
originated there and participated in ip
various parts of the country.

Rose-Fertilization Studies

Recent discussions, relating to tli<
way in which the absence of ccrtai'
elements affects growth as related toapi)'
trees, have led to comparisons with rosc^
because both the apple and the rose nr
in the same general family. It is in poii:
to report that Dr. Warren B. Mack, hc:i
of the Department of Horticulture ot th
great Pennsylvania State College, tells >-
fertilizer experiments now proceeding (<
that institution covering some ninctce
hundred rose plants having twelve di'
ferent fertilizer treatments.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

173

A Slighted Senorita from Spain

A few years ago, when it was a novelty,
the rose-growers' catalogues featured
Pedro Dot's yellow climbing Hybrid
Perpetual, Apeles Mestres, as the rose
with blossoms "as large as a tea-cup,"
but thoughtfully remembered to caution
that it was far from floriferous. We
bought a two-year-old field-grown plant
of the intriguing Spanish climber from a
reliable rose-grower, who has since dropped
the variety from his list — in the spring of

1936. That season, the plant made little
growth at first but toward the end of the
summer, after top fertilization, it sent out
a few belated, straggling canes, which,
strange to say, did not winter-kill. In

1937, Apeles Mestres made prodigious
growth, sending out many sturdy canes
and much dark green, shiny, healthy
foliage, but no flowers.

June of this year found our plant with
five fat buds on the lower branches. It
took the buds a long time to mature, and
when they were just about ready to open,
we thought them almost as large as golf-
balls. Certainly, they were the largest
rose-buds we have ever seen and the
blossoms surpassed all expectation. They
measured 5}4 inches in diameter and were
very double. The texture of the petals
was firni like that of lettuce, crisp from
the refrigerator. Apeles Mestres did not
disappoint us by having a washy, in-
determinate color, as so many yellow-
roses do, but until the petals dropped, re-
mained a clear bright lemon-yellow\
Possibly its most attractive feature was
the pronounced tea fragrance. One
blossom alone perfumed a whole room.
At the present writing (mid-July), Apeles
Mestres has made enormous growth. It
is classified as only a pillar rose, but the
canes of our specimen are over 20 feet in
length and an inch in diameter. It is
trained on a trellis against the house in a
southeast exposure, which seems to agree
w ith it. None of the canes have been
winter-killed, and we have never given it
I^rotection.

Doubloons was planted in our garden
fast year. It bloomed freely this spring,
the first blossoms delighting us with their

unexpectedly large size. The later blooms
were much smaller, and, of course, the
color — or lack of it — was disappointing.
Then we discovered that Doubloons
mildews rather badly in our "neck of the
woods," while the substantial, leathery
foliage of Apeles Mestres has remained
entirely disease-free throughout three
growing seasons.

Apeles Mestres is undoubtedly a rose
for those who prefer quality to quantity.
We do not regard its first crop as stingy,
considering the rare quality of the blooms.
Instead of flowers the size of a tea-cup as
claimed, it equals a generous coffee-cup
in size; and we don't mean a demi-tasse
either. Without exception, we consider
Apeles Mestres the choicest plant in our
garden. In our humble opinion, this
much-slighted stranger from Spain is
worth all the gold reputed to be hidden
in the Alhambra. — Edna Taft, South
Norwalky Conn.

Municipal Rose-Gardens

Always in a city with a municipal rose-
garden much pride is engendered if the
garden is well handled. That is un-
doubtedly the case in Tulsa, Okla., where
the rose-garden has been fostered by A.
F. Truex. A clipping reaches this office
indicating public approbation of the
Tulsa garden, quite new, as it has been
observed by Mrs. Fae Huttenlocher,
Associate Editor of Better Homes and
Gardens, of Des Moines, Iowa.

It is pointed out that the inevitable
effect of establishing and maintaining a
municipal rose-garden is a stimulation of
local pride, not only in the garden but in
the city, and a consequent increase in
visits from outside the city which may go
far toward justifying the rose-garden as a
promotion enterprise. Chambers of Com-
merce and Boards of Trade might well
take notice of this fact.

Heaven and Roses

At this season of the year, "heaven" is
an apt description of a rose-garden with
its streets of gold and clouds of pink and
pearl. To walk through one along toward
evening is sort of an informal call on God.
— Arthur F. Truex, Tulsa, Okla.

174

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

175

SUMMARY OF 'PROOF OF THE PUDDINC

By GEORGE A. COMSTOCK, Ansonia, Conn.

The tabulation which follows is a summary of the "Proof of the Pudding" appearing in the Ros(
Annuals during the past nine years. , , ,

The compihition of this summary is a hiborious task and Mr. Comstock would appreciate comments.

— IlDITOK.

Exhianatory: No variety appears that has been reported in less than two issues of the "Proof of the Pudding," and
no variety that has been mentioned less than eight times has received consideration. Many varieties with few reports and
unfavorable pn)spects do not appear. In this year's Summary many new names appear and some of tfie older varutM-s
that have not been widely disseminated have been removed from the list. Many of the older varieties that are popular
that do not appear in the "Proof of the Pudding" are kept in the list.s so that American Rose Society members may quickly
judge their relative value as reported in pa.st "Proof of the Pudding" lists.

Table I varieties may be considered as approved. ,. ^ ,,,,,■ • i j i

Table II varieties may be considered as fair to good but not outstanding. Table III varieties may be considered as
fair to poor while Table IV contains those which were a general disappointment with diminishing prospects. 1 he remarks
which appear with most varieties are based on a consensus of "Proof of the Pudding" reports and are not the author s
personal opinions. — G. A. C.

TABLE I
VARIETIES RECEIVING AT LEAST 75 PER CENT FAVORABLE CRITICISM

No. Years Total No. For Fair Against Remarks

Variety Reported Rep«)rts . . , ,

Alice Harding 3 21 15 3 3 A fadeless yellow.

Angels Mateu 5 67 50 14 3 Has many friends. ^^ , , r

Betty Uprichard 3 53 46 7 0 Poorest on Pacific Coast. Good elsewhere.

Breeze Hill .4 18 16 1 1

Carillon 2 28 21 3 4 Brilliant flower but plants defoliate.

Christopher Stone .4 46 37 5 4 An outstanding red.

Climbing Dainty Bess . . .2 19 17 0 2 A satisfactory Climbing Hybrid Tea with few petals.

Condesade Sastago 6 183 143 29 11 An outstanding decorative. Very floriferous.

Crimson Glory 4 120 110 10 0 Truly a great red rose everywhere.

Cuba 2 28 21 0 7

Cynthia 4 31 25 5 1 A promising pink.

Dainty Bess 3 25 21 4 0 A dainty single Hybrid Tea.

Doubloons 2 28 21 5 2 A well-liked yellow Climber.

Duquesa do Penaranda .5 77 57 12 8 An outstanding color which fades.

£clipse 3 73 55 7 11 Has beautiful buds. Does not thrive in California.

Edith Nellie Perkins 4 48 36 11 1 Not satisfactory in California. Good elsewhere.

Feu Joseph Looymans .... 2 34 27 6 1

Glenn Dale 4 16 12 3 1 - , „

Golden Dawn 5 54 50 3 1 A p«)pular strong-growing pale yellow.

Henry Nevard 3 10 9 0 lA dependable red Hybrid Perpetual.

Hinrich Gaede 3 36 27 7 2 Has some black-spot.

Imperial Potentate 2 33 27 3 ^

Kirsten Poulsen 2 8 8 0 0 Polyantha.

Little Beauty 4 43 33 6 4 Good bedding rose and steady bloomer.

Margaret McGredy 2 46 34 8 4 A good floriferous decorative.

McGrcdy's Ivory 3 29 28 0 1

McGredy's Pink 3 15 13 2 0 An attractive pink on good plant.

McGredy's Scarlet 6 56 44 6 6 A deep vivid rose-color, but not scarlet.

McGredy's Triumph 2 29 22 3 4 A promising rose.

McGredy's Yellow 4 40 33 5 2 A good yellow rose.

Mermaid 3 17 15 1 1 Needs winter protection in North.

Mevrouw van Straaten van Nes 5 31 29 2 0 Polyantha known as "Permanent Wave."

Mme. Cochet-Cochet ... .4 96 68 17 11 Growing better. Promoted from Table II.

Mine Gregoire Staechelin .3 34 26 5 3 Large-flowered Climber. Spanish ancestry.

Mrs. E. P. Thom 3 35 28 4 3

Mrs. Henry Bowles 2 23 19 4 0 . . , , ,

Mrs. Sam McGredy 4 67 57 9 1 Occasional weak growth and shy bloom.

National Flower Guild ...3 15112 2

Picture 4 25 23 2 0 This rose is increasing in favor.

Portadown Fragrance .5 39 29 6 4 Sprawling growth, but decidedly fragrant.

President Boone 3 26 20 6 0 Is well liked in spite of weak neck.

Primrose 5 25 18 4 3

Rev. F. Page-Roberts .... 3 32 25 5 2 Is being replaced by other bicolors.

Rochester 3 27 20 5 2 An improved Rev. F. Page-Roberts.

Ronsard 2 12 11 1 0 An interesting bicolored dwarf Rugosa.

Ruth Alexander 2 12 12 0 OA coming Climber. Good on Pacific Coast.

Signora Piero Puricelli ... .2 42 36 3 3 An outstanding bicolor. (Catalogued as Signora. /

Sir Henry Segrave 4 60 45 11 4 Fine lemon color.

Snowbird 3 19 17 1 lA good white rose.

Southport 5 46 36 7 3 A go«)d unfading red rose.

Souv. d' Alexandre Bernaix .4 21 19 1 1

Souv. de Jean Soupert .... 3 25 22 1 2 A yellow with good prospects.

Springtime 2 9 7 2 OA pink Polyantha with prospects.

Sterling 4 24 21 3 0 An outstanding pink.

Stratford 3 19 15 0 4 Good old-fashioned type pink.

Sunny South 4 24 22 1 1 A strong-growing shrubbery rose from Australia.

Sunshine 3 14 12 1 1 Moderate growth; yellow Polyantha.

Susan Louise 3 16 15 1 0 Rose of Rosa nif^antea ancestry.

W. E. Chaplin 5 45 33 8 4 A good rose without scent.

Wilhelm 3 10 9 1 0 An everblooming red Rambler. (Catalogued

Skyrocket.)

TABLE II

VARIETIES RECEIVING 50 TO 75 PER CENT FAVORABLE CRITICISM

No. Years Total No. For Fair Against Remarks
Variety Rajjorted Reports

Abol 3 25 14 8 3 Good fragrance.

Alezane 3 92 46 28 18 Has fleeting color; black-spots easily.

Ami Quinard 4 45 29 7 9 Weak in New England.

Angele Pernet 3 43 28 8 7 Of Pernet parentage.

Anne Mette Poulsen 3 34 17 15 2 A large-flowered Polyantha. Not free blooming.

Autumn 4 55 28 18 9 Not satisfactory in New England.

Black Boy 5 22 14 4 4

Black Knight 4 51 29 8 14 Demoted from Table I. Diminishing in favor.

Briarcliff 3 18 12 2 4

Carillon 3 51 34 9 8 A decorative rose of sparse petalage.

Carmelita 3 19 11 3 5 Varied reports.

Charles H. Rigg ..... 4 22 14 5 3

CI. Mme, Edouard Herrlot . . 2 14 12 0 2 Particularly good in New England and on Pacific

Coast.

CI. Talisman 5 29 20 9 0 Good in South, freezes in North.

Com tesse Vandal 6 168 113 37 18 Mildews some. Just missses Table I.

Dame Edith Helen 2 45 29 6 10 Excellent in South. Exhibition.

Diadem 3 20 11 4 5

Dicksons Centennial .... 2 17 12 3 2 Has prospects.

Dorothy McGredy 2 13 6 4 3A decorative rose.

Doubloons 3 58 39 11 8 A good light yellow Climber. Flowers fade some.

Dr. Eckener 5 21 12 4 5

Dr. E. M. Mills 4 21 12 2 7

Editor McFarland 5 89 56 18 15 Increasing in favor.

E. G. Hill 5 84 52 13 19 Weak stems, but fair.

Empire State 3 15 10 1 4 Some good reports.

Essence 3 19 10 4 5

l-'aience 2 12 7 4 1 Few reports.

Federico Casas 4 32 16 6 10 Fades quickly.

Feu Pernet-Ducher 4 120 60 34 26 A dry-weather rose. Does well Mid-West and South.

Fluffy Ruffles 2 11 6 1 4 Polyantha.

Gaiety 4 31 21 5 5

Gcheimrat Duisberg 4 41 27 8 6 Does well «)n Pacific Coast. (Catalogued as Golden

Rapture.)

Georges Chesnel 2 8 4 4 0 Minimum number of reports.

Gloaming 3 57 38 14 5 A beautiful flower on a leggy plant.

Gloriana 3 26 16 3 7 Does best in Texas where it originated,

Gloria Mundi 3 13 7 3 3 Orange-scarlet Polyantha.

Goldenes Mainz 3 29 17 6 6 A bright vellow that black-spots badly. (Catalogued

as Golden Main.)

Heinrich Wendland 3 46 23 17 6 Good on Pacific Coast.

Impress 4 32 20 7 5 Weak plants, but exhibition blooms.

Ireland Hampton 4 42 21 10 11 Not doing so well.

Irish Hope 3 19 11 6 2

Jacotte 2 19 11 6 2

Joanna Hill 5 63 36 18 9 Exhibition. Excellent on Pacific Coast.

J. Otto Thilow 5 40 21 8 11 Excellent in South and on Pacific Coast.

Joyous Cavalier 3 16 11 2 3 A fine garden variety. Very tall.

Jules Gaujard 4 57 32 9 16

Kidwai 5 22 12 5 5

Lady Forteviot . 5 44 27 9 8

Lady Margaret Stewart ... 2 44 26 9 9

Leonard Barron 5 37 19 8 10

[ ilian 4 19 13 6 0 Sprawling plant, but beautiful flowers.

lord Charlemont 3 25 15 5 5 A satisfactory red.

I.ucy Nicolas 2 16 11 3 2

l.uis Brinas 2 73 39 16 18 Some black-spot. Good in Oregon.

Mari Dot 3 29 20 0 9

Mary Hart 4 54 30 13 11

.Max Krause 3 30 19 6 5

McGredy's Pride 2 11 6 5 0 Other McGredy's seem better,

.Mevrouw G, A. van Rossem .2 23 13 7 3 Not a satisfactory rose.

Mine Albert Barbier . . .3 20 16 2 2 Growth weak.

Mine. J. B. Croibier 2 10 7 2 1 Has prospects.

Mme. Joseph Perraud ... .4 47 34 9 4 A beautiful rose that mildews on the West Coast.

Mine. Louis Lens 2 20 10 5 5 Known in America as "White BriarclilL"

Mine. Nicolas Aussel 3 24 16 8 0 Weak neck. Sprawling growth.

Mrs. A. R. Barraclough .3 48 34 8 6

Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James . . 5 127 127 reports in six years are growing more favorable to

this Golden Climber. It needs full sun,

Mrs. Beatty 4 20 11 1 8 Fine on Pacific Coast. Not always hardy.

Mrs. Francis King 2 12 8 3 1 Large white exhibition rose.

Mrs. Lovell Swisher 3 31 20 9 2

Mrs. Pierre S. du Pont . . . .5 66 44 13 9 Plants and growth weak.

■^V,^- Vr-- E- Nickerson ... .4 31 19 11 1 Particularly good during first season.

Nel le E. Hillock 4 63 43 7 13 Demoted from Table I.

^-'•Kht 5 24 13 10 1

N'unlius PacelH 3 16 9 4 3

'^alienee 5 43 26 4 13

l'ol.;ir Bear 4 22 12 6 4 There are better whites.

*<^lly 5 23 16 7 0

President Herbert Hoover .5 114 74 25 15 A good plant, with blossom faults.

President Jac. Smits 5 31 17 8 6

President Plumecocq 4 41 21 13 7

'Queensland Beauty 2 8 5 2 1 Not many reports,

Kadiant Beauty 2 21 15 5 1 An improved Francis Scott Key. It blues some.

Ktveil Dijonnais 4 28 14 9 5 A shy bloomer. Border-line Table II and HI.

Kheingold 4 22 12 3 7 Not important.

! I.
,1

■ ft

\0
I

176

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

TABLE II, continued

No. Years Total No. For Fair Against Remarks

Variety Reported Reports . .

Rcxrhefort 3 29 20 7 2 Varied opinions.

Hficket 2 10 6 3 1 Few reports.

Rouge Mallerin 4 91 59 18 14 Does well in Far West. Good hot-weather rose.

Sj.turnia 2 12 7 5 0 Interesting.

Scorcher 3 23 14 5 4 Does well in South. Needs protection in North.

Sentinel 3 40 25 11 4

Shot Silk 3 32 16 6 10

•sir David Davis • 3 30 20 o 4

Sueur Therese 4 71 44 18 9 Fine buds. Open flower. Not so attractive.

Souv deMnieC Chambard .4 90 48 21 21 Demoted from Table I. Reports more unfavorahl..

Talisman 5 96 60 15 21 Poor in hot weather, but otherwise satisfactory.

Texas Centennial ... 3 84 57 8 19 A Hoover-like plant of variable red blooms.

Tom Thumb 2 12 8 1 3 A diminutive Rouletti type, red, rock-garden rose.

Vanguard 6 30 20 7 3 Rugosa hybrid.

Ville de Paris 4 53 34 7 12

Warrawee 4 68 40 16 12 An Australian with growing prospects.

Wilhelm Breder 3 49 32 14 3 Blooms beautiful with some plant faults. (CataloKiu'l

as Glowing Sunset.)

TABLE III

VARIETIES RECEIVING 2 5 TO 50 PER CENT FAVORABLE CRITICISM

No. Years Total No. For Fair Against Remarks

Variety Reported Reports

Better Times .4 65 27 15 23 Good florist rose, poor in garden.

Caledonia 4 52 24 20 8

Carrie Jacobs Bond 3 70 23 14 33 Not a prolific bloomer.

Catalonia 6 72 38 24 10 Brilliant color, but subject to black-spot. Fades

quickly.

Chaplin's Pink Climber ... 5 24 9 9 6

Charles P. Kilham 4 51 25 20 6 Exhibition. A specialist s rose.

Daily Mail Scented Rose .4 18 8 9 1

Director Guerin 2 14 6 5 3 Has exhibition flowers on poor plant.

Director Rubio 5 35 11 10 14 Good in Texas.

Dotty 4 38 11 12 15 Diminishing in favor.

Duchess of Atholl 4 41 19 13 9 Good in the South.

Easlea's Golden Rambler .2 13 4 5 4 Not so promising.

E. J. Ludding 5 31 11 15 5

Everest 4 26 11 8 7

Gipsy Lass 3 26 12 7 7 Good color, but small flower.

Golden Gleam 3 15 63 6

Golden Moss 5 56 22 18 16 Good growth and foliage, but sparse bloom.

Golden Salmon 3 19 4 9 6 Polyantha.

Gov Alfred E. Smith ... 4 23 3 6 14 Generally unfavorable.

Grenoble 3 31 10 9 12

Hilda 4 17 7 9 1

J. C. Thornton 5 26 12 10 4 Variable reports.

Julien Potin 3 68 30 12 26 Considerable confusion.

Katharine Pechtold 5 45 19 14 12

Li Bures 4 37 10 22 5

Lord Lonsdale 4 28 9 11 8A poor grower.

Lord Rossmore 4 18 8 6 4 Exhibition.

Lucie Marie 6 72 33 19 20 Strong grower but poorly shaped flower.

Malar-Ros 3 42 17 17 8

Matador 3 55 14 24 17 Losing favor. There are better reds.

May Wettern 4 40 19 12 9 Shy.

Memory 3 14 6 4 4 Loose petalage.

Miss Rowena Thom 3 44 21 4 19 No enthusiasm.

New Dawn 3 28 10 6 12

Oswald Sieper 6 69 32 13 24 Losing ground. Was in Table H.

Phyllis Gold 4 13 5 3 5 Does better in New England.

Princess Van Orange 4 22 6 5 11 A climbing Polyantha with poor prospects.

Rapture 3 20 9 1 10 Diversity of opinion.

Ro^lyn 2 28 9 6 13

San Diego 2 14 6 4 4 Has p>oor start.

Schwabcniand 4 21 7 7 7

Senora Gari 4 42 12 20 10 A beautiful rose on a poor plant.

Sunkist 3 23 8 6 9

Symphony 3 18 8 5 5 New Hybrid Perpetual with poor prospects.

Syracuse 2 11 4 3 4

Texas Gold 3 17 6 3 8 Prospects not good.

Token 5 63 16 8 39 A general disappointment. Just misses Table l\ .

Yoseinite 4 16 6 5 5

TABLE IV

VARIETIES RECEIVING LESS THAN 2 5 PER CENT FAVORABLE CRITICISM

No. Years Total No. For Fair Against Remarks

Variety Reported Reports

Allen's Fragrant Pillar .... 4 13 3 4 6

Blaze 5 100 18 23 59 General complaint is that it is not remontant

advertised.

Mme. Emile Daloz 3 16 2 7 7 The few reports not favorable.

Mme. Raymond Gaujard ... 5 66 13 18 35 Known as 'Olympiad." A growing failure.

Mrs. J. D. Eisele 5 79 7 11 61 Diminishing in favor.

Nigrette 5 71 17 10 44 Is fast losing favor. Was in Tabic HL

Souvenir 3 22 4 5 13 Increasingly poor reports.

Thomas A. Edison 5 25 4 7 14 A poor bloomer and general disappointment.

^ AND EXPERIMINT iAW

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INSYLVANl

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■h:\t-=C:

Editedhy
^ J. Horace Mcl^rland

and R. Marion Hatton

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Vol. II— No. 11

THE SOCIETY S
GREATEST MEETING

Undoubtedly the Harrisburg - Hershey Meeting of Sept.
15-16 was 1938's rose high-water mark. From 18 states came
enthusiastic members, traveling some 30,000 miles to see each
other, to see good roses in two new public gardens, to enjoy
remarkable hospitality. The rose moved up and on in conse-
quence !

Next year ? Salt Lake City, Utah, for the spring meeting
in a new-old land that roses love; the annual meeting in Sep-
tember at the wonderful Brooklyn Botanic Garden, close to
New York City's greatest splash !

Plan for 1939, of course ! And plan for more roses of your
own and for a rose-garden for your town; join the procession !

Why not ?

JfjJ^v^-^ JV^^^aJU^

;

l::^^L

^^^

%iy

•*.

Y^\

il) ished tj The American Rose Society; HanisburiPa

2.5 < a copy • $1.50 a year

178

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

THE AMERICAN
ROSE MAGAZINE

Edited by

J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

Published bi-montbly by

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Crescent and Mulberry Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

Subscription price: To members of the American Rose
Society 75 cts. a year. 15 cts. a copy, which amount is
included in the annual dues oj $3. so.

To all others: $1.50 a year, 25 cts. a copy.

Entered as second-class matter at the Post OfTice at Harris-
burg, Pa., under the act of March 3, 1879.

Vol. II, No. 11 1938 September-October

Get a New Member

At the annual meeting, Treasurer
Pennock made a plea for each member to
bring in one new member.

This is an old idea, but a reasonable
one. Surely all of you have rose-loving
friends who are not members of the
Society? One lady pays for a friend in
California, writing: **I can think of no
other birthday gift which will give so
much pleasure and so much worth-while
diversion. It was my birthday gift to
myself last year, and I have had untold
joy out of what seemed an inspiration."

There is an application blank on the
last page of this magazine. Won't you
please use it?

The "Proof of the Pudding"

Pudding-time is here again, and we
must begin thinking about the ingredi-
ents for the "Pudding" in the 1939
Annual. Therefore, won't all of you, who
have this year tested roses introduced
during and since 1934, get your notes
together?

Note that this feature is original with
the American Rose Society, and that its
findings are accepted all over the world.

Please report each variety separately
on a 3 by 5 -inch card (or piece of paper
that size). Be sure to state the number
of plants you have of a variety, and how
long you have had them (1 year, 2 years,
etc.). Mail them to the Secretary not
later than December 15, and gratefully

oblige. THE SECRETARY

Magazine Copy Wanted

This ofTice is going to need copy for the
November-December Magazine.

If you know something about roses that
your fellow members should know, writt
it and mail to the Secretary.

A member in Chicago is not interested
in who won prizes at shows in Boston or
Los Angeles but is interested in what
roses won prizes, so try to send in
material that will be of w idespread rather
than local interest.

A Rose Society's Yearbook

The 1938 Yearbook of the Knoxyillc
Rose Society is a very attractive little
book, with a heavy white cover printed
in green, the decoration being a Hybrid
Tea rose.

The title page gives the founding of
the Knoxville Rose Society as April,
1926, and Mrs. J. E. Darr as the founder.
It also carries the slogan of the American
Rose Society "A Rose for every home, a
bush for every garden" to which someone
has added "A thorn for every thumb."

The book contains a list of the officers,
past and present, committees, a list ol
the members with their telephone num-
bers, and a very interesting program lor
the year. Nine meetings are held durin}^
the year, with July, August, and Decern Ik r
omitted.

The Treasurer's report shows a vcr\
pleasing bank balance, and the Historiai
has given an interesting resume ot th-.
year's work.

We wonder how many local ro
societies get out yearbooks? These a
not necessarily expensive, and must Ix'
a great deal of assistance to the memb-
ship.

Floral Matrimony

Roses in their beauty grow,

Greeting one another.
Free exchange of perfume throw,

Vying with each other.

Roses meeting, love and mate —

Hymen at the altar —
Love and beauty then create
Charms that never falter.

— John Kendrick Blog(,
in the Australian Rose An

Autumn Practices for Disease Control in the

Rose-Garden

CONVERSATIONS AND QUES-
TIONS at the Harrisburg-Hershey
annual meeting of the American
Rose Society, on September 15 and 16,
clearly indicated that the passing season
has been favorable for black-spot, and
that many gardeners failed to get satis-
factory control. All reported a season of
abnormal rainfall, thus again correlating
wet seasons and black-spot prevalence.
With severe infection in most gardens, the
question arises as to what program should
be followed for the rest of the season and
in preparation for next season.

In the first place, spray or dust prac-
tices should be continued up to the time
the leaves — and spores — are killed by low
temperatures. Applications should be
made in advance of the rain periods, since
it is during the time the leaves are wet
that infection takes place; and with more
frequent rains to be normally expected in
the autumn, the frequency of application
of the fungicide will have to be corre-
spondingly increased. The more infec-
tions that are prevented this autumn the
less infectious material will carry over the
winter and serve to initiate the disease
next spring.

In keeping with the importance of a
lull season's spray program is the matter
of sanitation. The old diseased leaves
should be removed as completely as
feasible this autumn, and burned. This
should be done early, before they are
shredded or partly disorganized and dif-
ficult to remove. If you seek evidence of
the importance of this measure, recall the
new garden at Harrisburg — if you were
fortunate enough to see this marvelous
planting — or any other new garden and
its usual freedom, relatively, from black-
spot. Or talk with those who successfully
control black-spot regularly and note that
they follow the practice of systematically
removing and burning diseased leaves
throughout the season, as soon as the
spots appear. Perhaps a reminder is in
order that the fungus, Diplocarpon rosae,
lives over the winter largely in the old

diseased leaves on the ground. (That it
may also live over on the plant may be
deduced from the fact that there was
black-spot on some of the plants in the
new planting at Harrisburg, obviously
coming with the plants from the nursery.)

In the Magazine for July-August,
1938, page 164, it was noted that plants
growing in mulched beds had less black-
spot than those in unmulched beds, and
the explanation advanced that the mulch
served as a mechanical barrier between
the old leaves on the ground and the
growing plants. It was noted further that
the removal of the upper 2 inches or so of
old soil and its replacement with new soil
reduces the amount of black-spot. Here
is further evidence of the role played by
the old diseased leaves and the importance
of their removal or being rendered innocu-
ous by being covered. Some may find it
feasible to employ a mulch of peat moss or
other material, perhaps ir> connection
with midge control; and all should do
everything feasible to reduce the number
of diseased leaves over-wintering in the
garden.

Many will be disposed to discontinue
the fungicide used this season, in view of
their failure to get satisfactory control
through its use. This should be done only
after careful thought, since in the majority
of cases the failure is not properly charge-
able to the material, but rather to irn-
proper timing. The best of materials will
fail if not properly applied, i. e., timely
and thoroughly. So it is suggested that
the gardener seek to interpret his suc-
cesses or failures in terms of proper timing
— a difficult job in a wet season. Perhaps
greater attention to spraying and dusting
before rain periods is in order. Those who
dusted had an advantage, if they exer-
cised it, in being able to cover their plants
during brief periods between showers, and
even while it was raining. Those who pre-
fer to spray may find value in dusting as a
supplement because of its speed and ease
of application. Wet seasons such as this
past one drive home the fact that black-

180

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

181

spot can be serious and that its control is
difficult under conditions favoring its
development. If the long-range forecast
is correct, that we are now in a cycle of
abnormally wet weather, 1938 may be
but a sample of what is to come. I have
lost none of my confidence in the feasi-
bility of black-spot control by proper
spraying and dusting, even in the wettest
of seasons.

Early autumn is a good time to take
stock of one's garden with respect to dis-
eases and pests, review the control pro-
gram followed, and make plans for next
year. If but fair or poor control has been
effected this past season, the reason should
be sought and next year's program planned
accordingly. Questions of injury, un-
sightly discoloration, cost and general
efficiency of materials, and machines,

should be considered. Certain spray ma-
terials leave objectionable deposits by the
end of the season and certain materials
cause injury not restricted to localized
burning of the foliage but rather by harsh,
brittle, often deformed foliage and stunted
growth of the plants. All copper-contain-
ing sprays should be watched carefully for
this type of injury. Sulphur-containinf^
materials may have given objectionable
burning during periods of high tempera-
tures, and, if so, there are several ways of
meeting this problem.

Perhaps there are solutions to some ol
your problems through the research being
fostered by the American Rose Societ\
and so long as the cost to you Is
limited to the time and expense of a letter
of inquiry, why not make a point of find-
ing out? — L. M. Massey.

The 1939 Annual Meeting

THE fortieth annual meeting of the
American Rose Society was held at
Harrisburg and Hershey, Pa., Sep-
tember 15 and 16, 1938, with 178 niembers
present from 18 states. Registration was
at the headquarters in the Hotel Hershey,
at Hershey, and at the Civic Club in
Harrisburg.

The members gathered the morning of
the 15th in the new Harrisburg Rose-
Garden on North Third Street, where at
10.30 A.M., Park Director J. Calvin Frank
started the proceedings by introducing
Mayor John A. F. Hall, who welcomed
the members to Harrisburg. He was fol-
lowed by George G. McFarland, President
of the Polyclinic Hospital, who told how
the land for the Rose-Garden had been
rented to the city for a term of twenty-five
years for an annual rental of thirty red
roses. At this moment. Park Director
Frank presented him with thirty lovely
blooms of Crimson Glory cut from a
near-by bed in payment of the first year's
rent.

Mr. Frank then turned the meeting
over to Dr. T. Allen Kirk, President of
the American Rose Society, who re-
sponded to the welcome of Mayor Hall
and Mr. George McFarland, after which

Dr. C. Waldo Cherry pronounced an
invocation. Park Director Frank told
how his dream of having a Rose-Garden
for Harrisburg had come true, how roses
were donated by all of the clubs and so-
cieties of Harrisburg, as well as by the
school children.

President Kirk then dedicated the
garden to Dr. J. Horace McFarland,
unveiling a bronze marker commemorat-
ing the event. This marker reads:

THIS ROSE GARDEN

A GIFT OF

Citizens, School Children, Civic Organizations

and the City of Harrisburg

is dedicated by

The American Rose Societv

To its Editor

J. Horace McFarland, L.H.D.
Master Printer, Author, Lecturer, Editor

Sponsor of the Rose for America
Pioneer in Civic Development Whose Labor-^
Have Enriched the Lives of Fellow American^

J. Calvin Frank

Director Parks and Public Propert\

George G. McFarland

President Harrisburg Polyclinic Hosimi.

Warren H. Manning
Landscape Arcliitect

SEPTEMBER 1 5, 1 938

In accepting the garden "in trust . . .
for the city of Harrisburg," Dr. McFar-
land gave proper credit to the organiza-
tions that had joined to make the garden
possible, and particularly to the school
children who had helped. He drew atten-
tion to the unique design of the garden,
almost the last work of the late Warren H.
Manning; to the fine spirit of Commis-
sioner Frank, who had constructed it, and
to the beneficence to Harrisburg involved
in the notable Hershey-Donato fountain,
'The Dance of Eternal Spring," which
feeds the water panel as the inspirational
feature of this garden. He referred to the
possible increase of the garden through
the grounds of the Zembo mosque to the
north, and to the influence the garden
might easily have on the development of
homes west of Third Street.

At 12 o'clock the members had luncheon
at the Civic Club in Harrisburg, after
which they proceeded to "Breeze Hill"
and for two hours enjoyed Dr. McFar-
land's gardens. Then they traveled to
Hershey where, on the porch of the new
building in the grove in front of the
Rose-Garden, the great Hershey Rose-
Garden with its 20,000 roses and beds
already prepared for many more, was
formally opened by President Charles F.
Ziegler of the Hershey Estates and Dr.
J. Horace McFarland of the American
Rose Society.

The rest of the afternoon was devoted
to enjoying the Rose-Garden and the
l)eautiful grounds around the hotel.

At 7 P.M. the members were guests of
Mr. M. S. Hershey at dinner, Mr. Ziegler
substituting for Mr. Hershey who was
away resting after his eighty-first birthday
party held two days before. Speakers at
the dinner were C. R. McGinnes, who
has been collecting roses since he was a
boy in his teens and now has in his collec-
tion many rare old varieties unobtain-
able today, as well as most of the last-
minute novelties, pleaded the cause of
the old roses, especially the Teas; William
E. Niswonger, Past-President of the Day-
ton Rose Society, who told about that
exclusive Society whose membership is
restricted to twenty-five men; and Robert
Pyle, who told of his trip to Europe
this past summer.

The Trustees Meet

A meeting of the Trustees was held in
the library of the Community Building
at Hershey, Friday, September 16, 1938.
The meeting was called to order at 9.15
A.M. by President Kirk, with Mrs. Gibbs,
Messrs. Horvath, McFarland, McGinnes,
Pennock, Pyle, and the Secretary present.
Dr. J. A. Gamble, of Washington, was
also present, representing the Rosarium
Committee.

The Brooklyn Botanic Garden was se-
lected for the 1939 annual meeting be-
cause of its proximity to the World's Fair.

The President was authorized to ap-
point a committee to rewrite "Suggestions
for Holding Rose Shows" on pages 21 to
25 of the Handbook.

The President was also authorized to
appoint a committee to study the possi-
bilities of encouraging trade participation
in shows of wide importance by providing
for displays and awards for novelties.

The Secretary was instructed to write
Secretary Wallace of the Department of
Agriculture and ask for financial support
of Dr. Weigel's work on the rose midge.

It was voted to endorse the invitation
extended by Robert Pyle to the Inter-
national Rose Conference sponsored by
the National Rose Society in England, to
hold a subsequent conference in this
country.

The Prizes and Awards Committee re-
ported that they had been unable to find
a greenhouse seedling rose worthy of the
John Cook Award, so passed it for this
year. They recommended, and the Trus-
tees approved, the Fuerstenberg Prize to
go to Mrs. J. H. Nicolas, for the late
Dr. Nicolas' yellow rose. Eclipse.

The Trustees approved the Elizabeth
Park judges' recommendation for Certifi-
cates of Merit for Poinsettia, originated
by Howard & Smith, with a score of 89;
Radio, originated by Pedro Dot, with a
score of 863/^; and Miss America, origi-
nated by the late Dr. Nicolas, wth a

score of 91>^.

Dr. Gamble made a report of progress
for the National Rosarium.

The meeting adjourned at 10.45 a.m.,
the members immediately transferring to
the annual meeting which was held in the
same building.

182

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

The Annual Meeting

The annual meeting, Friday, September
16, was held in the Little Theatre in the
Community Building in Hershey, and
was opened at 11 a.m. by President Kirk.
The minutes of the previous meetings
having been published in the Magazine,
reading of them was omitted. The Secre-
tary reported 3,454 members, September
1, 1938, against 3,063 at the same date
last year, and the Treasurer reported
S2,078.62 on hand September 1, 1938, to
take care of expenses for the remainder of
the year, showing that it is quite possible
that we will not have to use any red ink
this year. Treasurer Pennock and Presi-
dent Kirk made pleas for new^ members.

A telegram from E. A. Piester, Chair-
man of the Committee to Revise the
Constitution and By-Laws, was a report
of progress. This was accepted and the
Committee continued.

Mr. Piester's proposed amendment to
Article 4, Section 4, of the By-Laws, was
not understood, and the matter was
referred to the Trustees with instructions
for them to present a feasible proposition
for bringing about the desired changes in
this Article.

A new standing committee, to be known
as the Experiment Station Committee,
was authorized to handle matters in con-
nection with the experimental work at the
Official Test-Gardens, its members to be
appointed by the President.

The Trustees' action in adopting a
resolution approving Mr. Pyle*s invita-
tion to have the International Rose Con-
ference held in this country at some time
in the near future, was approved.

The following officers were elected for
1939: President, Dr. T. Allen Kirk; Vice-
President, Dr. L. M. Massey; Treasurer,
S. S. Pennock; Secretary, R. Marion
Hatton. Trustees (terms expiring 1941):
Mrs. W. W. Gibbs, R. 0. Kirkland,
David Robinson, A. F. Truex.

The following were elected Honorary
Annual Members: J. de Vink, Boskoop,
Netherlands; Mons. Demorlaine, Con-
servateur des Promenades de Paris,
France; Dr. Bruno Braschi, Direttore
Dei Giardini, Rome, Italy; Prof. Nicolas
Kitchounov, Institute of Plant Industry
of Lenin, Academy of Agricultural

Sciences, Leningrad, Russia; Mr. Rubi(»
Direccio de Pares Publics, Barcelona,
Spain; Christoph Weigand, Bad Sodei
am Taunus, Germany.

Mr. M. S. Hershey, Hershey, Pa., wa
unanimously elected an Honorary Lik
Member.

A brief tribute was paid to the memor\
of our late President, Leonard Barron.

After adjournment, the members lis-
tened to Miss Cynthia Westcott, The
Plant Doctor, who gave a very instructix (
address on "How to Take Care of a Rose -
Garden." (In full, beginning page 188.j

After luncheon, the members, under
the guidance of Harry L. Erdman and
Alexander Stoddard, were taken through
the chocolate factory and to other points
of interest in and around Hershey, thus
concluding the largest and certainly a
most interesting meeting.

R. Marion Hatton, Secretary

A Good Rosarian Publicized

This office recently received a copy o\
the Oregon Journal of August 14, 1938,
featuring a full-page article about that
idealistic rosarian, Roy S. Hennessey, ol
Hillsboro, Ore.

Members will recall the long-drawn-
out argument between Mr. Hennessc \
and Dr. Nicolas over "whacking" a yeai
or so ago. Mr. Hennessey is anotiu:-
rose-fan who loves the Queen of Flowe!^
so well that he went into business, raisiiiu
and selling better plants than he cou!
buy. Mr. Hennessey has some \ti
strong ideas about just what a good n/
plant is. He not only believes in growi"
plants with good root-systems but sen<
his plants to his customers with all t
roots intact. We also hear that i^
Hybrid Perpetuals bloom almost as Irct
as Hvbrid Teas. — Editors.

Books Wanted

The Secretary is ever on the looKi
for additional rose books for the libr
and will be glad to know of volumes
sale of titles not listed in the Mem!)*
Handbook. Our library is live and use
help make it more so.

A Western Rose Pilgrimage

WE HAVE just returned from a
trip of several weeks on the
Pacific Coast where we had a
most delightful time visiting rose-gardens
and rose buddies (as Mrs. Truex calls
them) from Los Angeles to Seattle.

Starting at Los Angeles, the first visit
was the Exposition Park Garden, which I
had not seen for ten years. I was some-
what disappointed in its condition as
many of the beds and bushes need replace-
ment badly. In talking with Mr. August
Hoheisel, who is in charge of the garden,
I got the impression that this condition
would be remedied this fall. It was very
hot in Los Angeles and the blooms were
pretty well burned up.

At Montebello, I saw Fred Howard
and found it too hot for any display, al-
though his Climbers, Mrs. Paul Howard
and Indian Summer, and the orange-
colored blossom and good plant of Cali-
fornia gave promise of being fine roses
under better conditions. Howard also
has a rose called Contrast that is much
like Ronsard in appearance.

We stopped at Stockton and saw Frank
C. RaffePs display garden. I, of course,
was interested in seeing the results he is
getting by leaving canes of Odorata re-
main on the bush and droop to the
ground. His bush roses and standards
grow very strongly, but I am not certain
that I like the idea of the wild stock being
permitted to grow. They resembled
somewhat the skirts of a mid-Victorian
lady trailing in the dust, and I prefer
them 16 inches from the ground. He had
many new varieties, largely imports from
England, that I liked, and also a seedling
of his own, a cross between Comtesse
Vandal and Mme. Nicolas Aussel, that
was very attractive.

In San Jose, Clyde Stocking showed
nie through his nursery rows and then
took me to the municipal garden w^here I
saw a fine arrangement of about 6000
plants surrounded by Climbers on the
bordering fences, and including a splendid
collection of old roses, with man}' Chinas
which were the gift of Dr. Adams. This
collection would be much more interest-
ing if the varieties were plainly labeled.

The municipal garden in Oakland is
beautifully located in a natural hollow
with beds on various levels, and the bank
at the west end is entirely covered by
many plants of Mermaid, giving a very
pleasing effect. Tree roses are used exten-
sively, and they have a number of Climb-
ers trained as weeping standards. Other
tall standards were made by budding
high up on Silver Moon stock. This
garden was in splendid condition, the
plants husky and the blossoms full of
color. The varieties were well labeled and
the Park Department is undoubtedly
giving the garden excellent care.

In Petaluma we saw the lovely home
and gardens of Mrs. Maud Scrutton and
enjoyed the opportunity of a little visit
with her and her husband. She has about
250 plants which she takes care of herself,
and they showed the results of her love
for them.

We went on north up the Redwood
Highway and through the spruces and
firs of Oregon to Portland, first calling on
Roy Hennessey at his fields outside of
Hillsboro. His stock is very fine, with
strong bushes and beautiful blooms. He
is working industriously with many va-
rieties of understock and apparently get-
ting remarkable results. He seems to be
a firm believer in bud-selection, which
appeals to me very decidedly. An inter-
esting story about him came out in a
Portland paper while we were there.

The Washington Park Municipal Gar-
den at Portland was a real treat to see, as
well as the International Test-Gardens.
The roses were all in splendid condition
and showed very plainly the expert care
given them by Fred Edmunds. I spent
several hours with Mr. Edmunds and
profited by his conversation. The Penin-
sular Park Garden has more plants but
made a poor showing in comparison as
there were very few blooms, except on
Druschki. (This garden was not under
Edmunds' jurisdiction.)

In Tacoma there is a very marvelous
garden at Point Defiance Park, and the
size and quality of the blooms were quite
amazing to us Middle-Westerners. Texas
Centennial was so large that I am sure

184

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Flint Watkins himself would be astounded
by it. The garden is in two sections, and
in the newer part are many fine specimens
of late varieties, while the older varieties
are confined to what are, I presume, the
first beds to be planted. Adjoining are
four arbors, each about 100 feet long and
20 feet wide, which are covered with
Climbers and must be a gorgeous sight
when they are all in bloom. We stopped
at the home of Dr. Hiram De Puy and
saw his garden and congratulated him on
producing the fine single rose, Frances
Ashton.

In Seattle I spent part of one morning
with G. F. Middleton and was pleased to
see the remarkable results he has obtained
with standards and climbers; the latter
grow to enormous size and those that were
in bloom were very striking. Dr. F. N.
Blair took us to the municipal rose-garden
in Woodland Park, and then to the very
lovely garden of Harry Smith. His bushes
were of such excellence that it is no won-
der that he wins so many prizes at their
shows. His garden is on a hill, sloping to
the west, with a wonderful view of the
Sound and the Olympic Mountains on the
other side. It is one of the most delightful
places I have ever seen. He even has a
pool with rainbow trout in it which he
catches and eats on special occasions.

We spent a few minutes with Miss
Rena Wilber and saw some of her new
seedlings. We had noticed and admired
her climbing rose, Ruth Alexander, in a
number of gardens and were very glad to
have an opportunity to meet its origina-
tor. Another Seattle lady, Mrs. Harry C.
Evans, is doing some hybridizing, and
she showed us her seedlings. The Rev-
erend Earl Benbow was on his vacation
so we did not see him.

The boat-trip to Victoria climaxed our
stay in the Northwest, and there, in the
gardens fronting the Parliament build-
ings, were many varieties of roses, pre-
dominantly of British origin, which I had
never seen before and knew only by name.
Leaving Seattle, we drove east through
the Cascades to Spokane and ambled
across Idaho and Montana into Yellow-
stone Park and Jackson Hole and thence
home by way of Denver.

We had enjoyed the cool weather for

so long that it was quite a blow to us to
encounter the hot winds and dust-storms
of western Kansas. Our own roses were in
pretty good condition, but in comparison
with the magnificent growth and colorin<j;
of the roses in the Northwest, they ap-
peared almost mediocre.

I was surprised to find Crimson Glorv
so little used in the West. It is such a
grand rose elsewhere that I am sure it
would do well out there. McGredy's
Triumph is planted everywhere and is
always magnificent. Jean Cote does not
seem to have made many friends in the
West, which checks my opinion. Rex
Anderson is a fine grower on the Coast,
and Snowbird is quite popular.

This year's trip was a good companion
tour to my journey East last summer, and
I feel that it is quite an exploit to have
traveled from Elizabeth Park in Hartford
to Washington Park in Portland within
the space of a year.

Everywhere I went I was told that I
had come at the wrong season, that I
should have been there a couple of months
previously or four to six weeks later. I
have never yet visited a rose-garden
apparently at the right time in the opinion
of its owner, and I presume I never will.
When, if, and as I get to Heaven I am
sure Saint Peter will say "You should have
been here a few weeks ago; now the clouds
are full of mildew and the angels* wings
are so defoliated that they don't look
natural." — Arthur F. Truex, Tulsa,
Okla.

The Rose a Queen

Robed in exquisite shades of color blending,

In tender chords of harmony that tone
With other charms that chastity is lending,

She reigns a queen, and all my heart her throin
I am her subject for my life's full term,

When Time forecloses; she will deck the pall
And pay such tribute as pale lips conform

When o'er the casket her white petals fall.
Mark not my grave with cross or sculptor's urn,

I want no labor'd art where I repose;
When life is past and I to dust return,

I'd lie beneath the shadow of a Rose.
Plant me a Rose my resting place to hide!

The crystal drops of dew her petals weep
Will seem like tears she could not brush aside

While at her feet her lover lies asleep.

John Kendrick Blogg

in the Australian Rose Annu

Roses in Alabama

1AST SPRING, H. N. Stevens, of
Mobile, Ala., wrote us such an
_-^ interesting rose letter that we
asked him to tell us niore about his
experiences. The following statements
are from letters received during this past
summer. Results of his experiences should
be of value to rose-lovers in the Lower
South, as he has shown that many varie-
ties of roses can be grown there. Mr.
Stevens' garden is located 20 rniles out of
Mobile, with the river on one side and the
bayou on the other, causing heavy fogs
and dews, so that the bushes are dripping
wet in the mornings, necessitating con-
stant care to keep the plants healthy.

He has 500 plants in some 70 varieties,
and says that every variety seems to do
well. His beds were prepared by taking
out the top 6 to 8 inches and laying this
aside. He then discarded the next 12 to
15 inches and filled the bed with a mixture
of fresh cow-manure and the top soil.
This was turned every two or three weeks
for three months. At planting-time it was
a very rich loamy soil.

In spite of the work necessary, because
of dampness, to keep down black-spot, he
seems satisfied with the results, and says
that his only trouble is to keep the plants
down where he can see over them. His
Condesa de Sastago and Mme. Cochet-
Cochet are head high, and so thick that
when cutting he cannot tell from which
bush he is cutting! They were planted
\y2 feet apart, but he has found this to be
too close and in the future will plant
2 feet or more. Mr. Stevens says that suc-
ceeding with roses requires work, but the
results are worth the effort, and he is
satisfied that anybody can grow roses
there who is really willing to work.

He uses Tri-ogen and sprays every
week, sometimes oftener, keeping all
black-spotted leaves picked off. Yet, in
spite of all, the plants show black-spot,
but grow like weeds, and are full of bloom
most of the time.

In checking over his 70 varieties he
lists as best (if there is any best!) : Reds —
Sensation, Cuba, E. G. Hill, Etoile de
Hollande, Francis Scott Key, Syracuse,
Ami Quinard, McGredy's Scarlet, Mar-
garet McGredy. Pinks — Editor McFar-

land, Mme. Caroline Testout, Mme. But-
terfly, Priscilla, Briarciiff, Mary, Countess
of lichester. Whites — ^Angelus, Caledonia,
White Ensign, Mme. Jules Bouche,
Kaiserin Auguste Viktoria. Yellows —
Julien Potin, Golden Dawn, Feu Pernet-
Ducher, Eclipse, Luxembourg, Mrs. Pierre
S. du Pont. Multi-colors — Condesa de
Sastago, Betty Uprichard, Edith Nellie
Perkins, President Herbert Hoover, Mme.
Nicolas Aussel, Signora Piero Puricelli,
Mme. Cochet-Cochet, Comtesse Vandal,
Rev. F. Page-Roberts, Autumn, Soeur
Therese.

Although he has not placed it in any of
the color divisions, he states that Texas
Centennial grows like a weed, head high,
and blooms all the time.

This is quite a collection, and although
some of the varieties are not generally
catalogued today, it gives a real indica-
tion of what types and varieties can be
safely tried in this section.

Joan's Great Rose

This daughter of Edward Decker, Centreville,

Ohio, is seen holding a Leonard Barron rose,

seven inches across.

f
I

The Hershey Rose-Garden from the grove

Members at the formal opening of the Hershey Rose-Garden, Sept. 16, 1938

\i-

The lleishey Rosc-Gardcn from the grove

Members at the formal opening of the Ilershey Rose-Garden, Sept. 16, 1938

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

The Doctor's Care Story

At the Harrisburg-Hershey meeting,
September 16 last, a feature of great
interest was an address by Miss Cynthia
Westcott, The Plant Doctor. It is so
clear an exposition of good practice that
it is here printed in full.

The invitation to speak at our annual meeting
on "The Care of the Rose-Garden" came as a
distinct surprise. I may be expected to know a
little something about rose enemies, since I am a
plant doctor by profession, but who am I to tell
the members of the American Rose Society how
to grow roses? The roses in my own garden are
far from exhibition affairs, and when a client
informs me in March that all the roses must be
in a state of perfection for a June 4 wedding, or
in August that perfect blooms are expected for a
September 10 Flower Show, then I just live on in
a state of abject terror and merely hope for the
best. For, after all, I'm nothing but a country
doctor, and my knowledge of the care and feed-
ing of plants is only that necessary to keep them
in ordinary health. And although I did spend
some years of my life at Cornell University
studying rose diseases, although I have admired
roses all the way from Maine to Florida and west
to California (sometimes even rashly proffering
advice), still, my regular patients are within a
radius of fifty miles or so from New York City,
and anything I may say should be taken with
several grains of salt by rose-lovers in other
regions.

Almost any regular treatment will give fine,
healthy roses in June — and when I see how well
the roses under my care look compared to the
neighbors' specimens I am tempted to think I do
understand rose growing — but in August, that
period Dr. McFarland calls the winter of rose
discontent, I am quite sure that I know nothing
at all. Each year of my plant-doctoring finds me
less ready to make generalizations, and, I think,
a little more conservative, a little more inclined
to think that the old-fashioned rules for growing
roses are still very good indeed.

When, What, and How to Plant

I believe in, and practice, fall planting for two
reasons: First, the real practical advantage of
having the roots out of the ground only so long as
it takes to get the rose from the field to your
garden, and, second, the psychological effect of
having your rose-garden filled, so you will not
be led into temptation in the spring. Knowing
only too well the twisted, perhaps brokeri, usually
moldy roots and sickly, forced shoots hidden by
the container, even I, a plant doctor, find it
difficult to get past the alluring picture displayed
on the department store or grocery counter in
May. I haven't any great objection to spring
planting if you order your plants in February
from a reputable nurserv and get them in the
ground as early as possible, but iri rny experience
far too many people wait until it is too warm.

and then remedy their lack of foresight by means
of the leftovers disguised with a pretty picture.
I am not trying to say that store plants are
misrepresented, for they are, as labeled, two-
year, field-grown, budded plants, but I don t
like the treatment they get and the time that is
consumed between the nursery and the customer.
However, my zeal for fall planting sometimes
receives a jolt. I was jubilant in June over a
garden planted last November by a near-by
nurseryman. Some three hundred bushes sur-
vived the winter perfectly — a hundred per cent—
and were a magnificent sight. Apparently they
quite literally bloomed their heads off, for ever
since they have been weak and straggly and a
prey to black-spot, even though regularly
sprayed. In another garden dormant roses were
planted late in the spring — far too late in my
opinion — but they have come on steadily, and
while there was no great show in June there
have been blossoms all summer, there is prac-
tically no black-spot, and there will be fine fall
bloom. The bushes are much sturdier than those
in the first garden. I'm not drawing any moral,
and I shall probably go on planting roses in the
fall.

Of primary importance in the after-care of the
rose is the initial preparation of the bed, and
although I grant that shallow digging may be all
right in some localities, I still follow the method
of digging out 2 feet, or nearly that, putting in a
drainage layer of stones or broken tile, brush on
top, unturned sod on top of that, next the top
soil lavishly mixed with manure and lastly the
bottom soil. Such a bed must settle at least two
to three weeks before planting. Once I thought
1 had settled a bed sufficiently by tramping on it,
so 1 planted immediately, but by the next spring
some of the roses had sunken too deep and were
rotted. The only other failure 1 have had ^yith
fall planting— and this should not be laid against
the time of year — was when the bed, though
apparently in the open, proved to be too close to
encroaching tree-roots. The surviving bushes
in another location have done well ever since.

I may be old-fashioned in making sure that the
union of the stock and scion is 2 inches below
soil-level, but I find that this makes for safety in
a severe winter. Roses planted higher may
freeze back to the understock, and they may
heave badly over the winter. In this case the
owner usually throws some more soil on top, re-
peating the process year after year, and soon the
roses are sitting on top of a nice little hill, with
no chance for water to stay around the roots long
enough to do any good. You'd be surprised at
the number of roses around the country that are
bravely struggling along on top of a mound.
When I am called in to spray such cases I refuse
firmly unless I am allowed to take out all the
plants, slice down the hill, and replant some-
where near ground-level. Since all rose-lovers
are agreed on the advisability of planting in a
large hole, with the roots spread out, and the
earth firmly rocked in among them, there is no
point in dwelling on that.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

189

Winter Protection

When it comes to winter protection I do as
little coddling as possible, and newly planted
roses are given no more than the established
plants — merely a cone of earth some 6 to 8
inches high. In my own garden this soil^ is
chiefly the leaf compost I have been making
during the year. There is no further protection
of leaves, or straw, or boughs, the soil covering
alone having carried our New Jersey roses
through the 18° below zero period in 1934. I
would not dare say this is sufficient for colder
climates, but I do warn you that any excessive
covering leads to excess warmth and moisture
and far more disease. As for climbing roses, do
just as little as you possibly can. Canes of tender
varieties may be laid on the ground and the long
grass allowed to grow up around them, but
sturdier sorts should be left on their supports;
in either case, earth is mounded over the crown.
Just as for Hybrid Teas. If soil is kept on the
canes over winter I invariably find cankers in
great abundance on uncovering in the spring —
this practice at Ithaca led to a vast increase in
brand canker infection, while in New Jersey it
fosters common canker and a Botrytis that is
apparently parasitic under these favorable
conditions. Because I value manure so highly
for its organic content, 1 like to put it in the
troughs between the soil-mounds after the ground
has frozen in December, but it is dangerous,
particularly in a mild winter, to let it come too
close to the stems.

Far be it from me to pose as an expert when it
comes to fertilization or soil-acidity. The soil
in the gardens 1 care for usually has a pH of 6.0
to 7.0 and the roses get along very well. If
sulphur dusts have been used continuously, a
dose of lime is sometimes necessary. I am on the
fence in the bonemeal controversy, but often
use it in the autumn before hilling up, and think
that aside from its debated food value it does
have some use as a soil-conditioner and as a
lessener of soil-acidity. Apart from the manure,
and sometimes bonemeal, two applications of a
good general fertilizer — one in late April and the
other in June — have in the past, completed my
efforts at rose-feeding, though if my clients have
wanted to use liquid manure in addition I have
liad no objection, provided it is not used too late
in the season. This year in many gardens I have
t)een trying a monthly application of Vigoro but
have noted no vast improvement over the two
' reatments with a 5-8-7 or a 4-8-5 fertilizer.

Sanitation

Your first disease-control operations should
oincide with uncovering. When the soil first
omes off, the stem cankers show up far better
han they will two or three days later, so this is
be time to prune out your canker troubles,
hen, after you get these out of the way, prune
)T shape and bloom.

BlacK-spot is an elusive problem. Sometimes
i>rays or dusts are given credit for control when
!ie roses would have escaped the disease in any
vent. This summer I have been caring regularly

for some thirty gardens, the roses ranging in
number from a dozen to five to six hundred.
About half of these gardens have been under my
care for four or five years, so that I have some
case histories. Out of these thirty, eleven have
escaped any appreciable degree of black-spot,
eight have a slight amount, seven a moderate
amount (considering the wet season), while f^our
have had a heavy dose despite careful spraying.
As might be expected, the eleven disease-free
gardens have small plantings and not much new
material has been added. I would hesitate to
recommend any spray material on the basis of
its use in these gardens. Some of the gardens
showing slight or moderate infection have been
more seriously infected in other years and are
now the cumulative result of a control program
covering a period of years, a program of^ preven-
tive spraying and sanitary measures. I do not feel
that raking up old leaves once a season is worth
much, but I know that the steady week-by-week
removal of diseased leaves is vastly important.
I have some faith also in the dormant I to 8
lime-sulphur spray. Our roses seldom harden up
sufficiently to make an autumn spray feasible,
but occasionally such a spray may be applied
immediately after uncovering in the spring. Of
the four gardens heavily infected, two were new
to my care, one was newly planted, the other was
an old friend that I had been very proud of. Its
defection this year came, I think, from the
potted roses which were brought in in large
numbers in late May. Dr. Massey has told you
that in the Cornell test-garden the appearance of
black-spot is delayed for a year or so in the
new plantings. My experience in private gar-
dens IS exactly the opposite. The garden starts
with black-spot, for almost any order, delivered
from the most reputable nursery, includes some
plants with spots on the canes. "Protected with
earth, the fungus lives over the winter without
needing the special overwintering stage formed
in dead leaves. As for potted plants, they in-
variably bring in black-spot. With one or two
normal seasons this initial black-spot can be
cleared up, but in this extraordinarily wet season
of 1938 (wet, at least to those of us who live along
the eastern seaboard) where we had, along with
weeks of scattered rains, eight days of continual
downpour with no chance of getting on an extra
spray, or even of following out the regular
schedule, then these new plants assumed a very
serious role as sources of inoculum. The fact
that during this period infection showed up as
frecjuently on the upper as on the lower leaves
indicates to me that the inoculum was rain-
splashed from one plant to another and not sent
up from old debris in the soil.

My summer spraying program usually starts
the last week in April and continues until frost.
I have found it expedient to use Tri-ogen almost
exclusively for my patients, but 1 am not un-
aware of certain evils, and I am still perfectly
willing to recommend the 90-10 sulphur-lead
arsenate dust. I disagree most heartily with the
advertisement which the manufacturers of
Tri-ogen have used in our Rose Annual stating
that "Only a spray will reach the underside of
foliage where insects and diseases lurk." With

190

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Ira

1 St'

the proper type of duster 1 can get better cover-
age with a dust than with a spray. Besides,
diseases don't lurk, though the causative organ-
isms may. Tri-ogen injures certain Rambler
roses, and some of the old-fashioned shrub roses.
Certain Polyanthas don't like it very much, but,
on the whole, Tri-ogen seems to me safer than
any other copper spray I have tried. I highly
disapprove of bordeaux mixture, and the other
combination sprays on the order of Tri-ogen that
I have tried in my experimental garden have
given more injury. Sulphur, as you know, burns
in hot weather, and although in this vyet summer
the roses in my test-garden dusted with Kolotex
(I much prefer this yellow dust to the green
Pomo-Green) look in somew hat better shape
than the same varieties sprayed with Tri-ogen,
in other seasons the situation has been reversed.
The chief advantage of Tri-ogen is ix-ing able to
care for all of your troubles at once, and by
starting early you take care of the green aphis
which may show up in April, the leaf-hoppers
which suck the leaves white in May, and the
false slugs which skeletonize them in the same
month, mildew which comes in June and again
in September, and the various beetles which
annoy through the summer months. You take
care of the beetles as far as the foliage is con-
cerned. Nothing but picking off the rose chafers.

or the Japanese beetles, or the Diabrotica (the
12-spottecl cucumber beetle so fond of roses in
California and now learning to like them here),
or snout beetles will protect blossoms which
open after a spray has been applied. I consider
tne Nutley boy who turned in 52 quarts of
beetles for his summer's work a most useful
citizen. I have not found a separate spray, just
for the Japanese beetle, necessary on roses, but
have used the new derris sprays, such as Japrocidi
very satisfactorily on other plants, if used
weekly. As for those sprays which kill only on
contact, they seem to me only useful in the
pleasure they give you in watching your enemies
drop dead, for such a small percentage of the
beetles which will visit your roses during the
week are actually there at any one time. It
seems far more sensible to use a spray which
combines a stomach poison and repellent action
with its contact qualities, even though there may
not be such a spectacular immediate kill.

One word about mulches — some of the people
around me think they can cover up their beds
with peat moss and go off on vacation for a
month or six weeks. Roses cannot be abandoned
so easily, so I still advise a good, old-fashioned
soaking with the hose, at perhaps ten-day in-
tervals, followed by a dust mulch obtained by
some honest toil with a cultivator.

Japanese gardeners' method of protecting tree
rose tops in winter at Vancouver, B. C.

Protecting Tree Roses

From Roland G. GamwcII, BcIIingham,
Wash., comes this picture.

The canes are Rugosa, which are hardy,
but the heads need protection. Straw is
packed amongst the branches, and the
whole, from the budded union upward, is
held in place by burlap. The protruding
branches are cut back in spring anyway,
so it does not matter wliether they are
damaged or not.

MY NEIGHBOR'S ROSES
By Abraham Lincoln Gruber
(1861-1915)

The roses red upon my neighbor's vine
Are owned by him, but they are also mine.
His the cost and his the labor, too.
But mine, as well as his the joy,

their loveliness to view.
They bloom for me and are for me as fair
As for the man who gives them all his care.
Thus I am rich, because a good man grew
A rose-clad vine for all his neighbors* view.
I know from this that others plant for me.
And what they own, my joy may also be.
So why be selfish, when so much that's flni
Is grown for you upon your neighbor's vine

THE NEIGHBOR'S REPLY
By Gerald Eberman

Your neighbor, sir, whose roses you ad mi'
Is glad indeed to know that they inspire
Within your breast a feeling quite as fine
As felt by him who owns and tends that vine.
That those fair flowers should give my

neighbors joy,
But swells my own, and draws therefrom ailov
Which would lessen its full worth, did I not kn.
That other's pleasure in the flowers I grow.
Friend, from my neighbors and this vine

I've learned
That sharing pleasure means a profit turned.
And he who snares the joy in what he's grown
Spreads joy abroad and doubles all his own.

A Review of England's 1938 Rose Crop

(

THE Horticultural Advertiser y a prom-
inent English trade paper, devoted
almost the entire July 20 issue to a
review of roses in the rose nurseries of
England, members of the staff having
spent several previous weeks touring the
country and examining the rose-fields.

England had a very unusual horticul-
tural spring in 1938, with late frosts, cold
piercing drying winds, and a large infesta-
tion of aphids, getting the plants off to a
poor start, and while this report inferred
that the digging this fall would include a
fair crop of No. 1 plants, everything
pointed to a shortage in the 1939 crop as
there w^as a heavy loss in the understocks
to have been budded this summer.

We were impressed with this review
because often reports of visitations by
members of trade-paper staffs to the nur-
series of their patrons, read too much like
the whitewashing given a politician by a
congressional investigation committee.
In this case, however, the writers not only
praised good varieties and successful cul-
ture, but condemned the opposite.

It was surprising to read that a number
of nurserymen were using Manetti as an
understock for Polyanthas and Climbers.
This understock has, because of its ten-
dency to sucker, been pretty well dropped
by growers in America, except for plants
for greenhouse forcing. Further, most
nurserymen in England are using some
form of the so-called English Briar for
dwarf roses. Briar presumably being the
Dog rose, or Rosa canina. That there are
varied forms in use appears as we find
such names in the report as Cotswold
Briar, Cutting Briar, Hedge Briar, Seed-
ling Briar, Polmeriana, and Stembilder.
There is also reference to "Simplex stock,"
which may or may not be a form of Canina.
Standards in England seem to be mostly
grown on Rugosa, but a few nurserymen
use Briar.

English rosarians do not seem to mind
the fact that Canina suckers badly. In
this country, when Canina was used, too
many gardeners allowed the suckers to
grow and kill out the budded cion, and
consequently condemned the understock
or gave up growing roses altogether.

Many of our prominent rosarians be-
lieve that Canina produces a longer-lived
plant, with larger and better-colored flow-
ers, than do the understocks now used in
this country. That great rosarian, Mrs.
Harriett R. Foote, of Marblehead, Mass.,
would like to have all of her roses on
Canina. Yet, until the time comes when
gardeners in this country will watch for
and remove Briar suckers as fast as they
appear, it seems that we will have to de-
pend on something more fool-proof than
Manetti and the various forms of Canina.
The late Dr. Van Fleet used Briar under-
stock, and it may yet appear that a se-
lected seedling Briar, grown from cuttings,
has real advantage.

In running over the names of newer
varieties which the investigators found to
be doing very well in English niirseries,
even under the adverse conditions of
1938, WT find the Hybrid Teas, Christo-
pher Stone, Crimson Glory, Ellen Will-
mott, Gerald Hardy, Goldenes Mainz,
Gurney Benham, Lise Palais, Madge
Whipp, McGredy's Sunset, Mrs. Edward
Laxton, Mrs. G. Birch, Phyllis Gold,
Prince Bernhard, Ramon Bach, Sarah
Darley, The Doctor, Van Rossem's
Jubilee and Walter Bentley; and Poly-
anthas, Donald Prior, Fortschritt, Hol-
stein, Kordes* Advance, and Rosenelfe.

The Doctor, an American rose which
we have overlooked, seems right now to
be exciting London.

**The Valley of Roses"

A letter from Mrs. Thomas G. Harris,
a member in Cape Girardeau, Mo., tells
of a state highway project, on U. S. High-
way No. 61, which hopes to make a 10-
mile stretch between Cape Girardeau and
the county seat in Jackson "the valley
of roses."

This sort of attention and accomplish-
ment by members of the American Rose
Society is what makes this organization
capable and strong. More good rose-
workers in more parts of America are
doing great work for mankind in promot-
ing rose love and rose attention than
many people realize.

Keeping Roses Happy in Arkansas

I*'

THE Editors wish to call attention
to Extension Circular No. 412
entitled "Keeping Roses in Good
Health" written by H. R. Rosen and
issued by the College of Agriculture,
University of Arkansas, U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture cooperating. This
well-written circular contains much rose
information, especially for those living in
Arkansas and surrounding territory.

The following two paragraphs, which
are taken from the introduction to this
circular, contain a whole lot of common
sense which it would be well for all of us
to remember.

To keep roses in good health it is necessary to
consider the soil and climatic requirements of the
different types, to understand the relationship of
fertilizers, pruning, and cuhural treatments to
good health and to blossom production; and to
control parasites. A plant receiving too much or
too little fertilizer, excessive pruning, and cul-
tural treatments which aim to promote or pro-
tect growth but which produce the opposite
effect, is just as much diseased or in iil-health as
a human being who suffers from malnutrition,
from hick of vitamins in his diet, or from attacks
by microbes. Above all, it is necessary to recog-
nize that non-parasitic diseases of roses, as of
most cultivatecl plants, are far more common and
destructive than parasitic diseases.

It is probably no exaggeration to say that gar-
deners occasionally "love their plants to death."
They heap so much fertilizer on the soil, prune
them so frequently and severely, tinker so much
with disinfectants, fungicides, paints, and in
other ways, in their desire to make the plants
produce superlative blossoms, that they kill or
seriously weaken them.

Professor Rosen's description of a
good plant, such as we should expect from
the dealer, is one with a number of thick,
strong roots with whitish interiors, each
10 inches or more in length; a number of
fibrous roots, and a top of three or more
green healthy canes, free from cankers

and dead wood, and around ^ inch or
more in diameter. He recommends that
where possible it is best to go to the
nursery, select the plants, and see them

dug. He believes the safest time to plant
roses in Arkansas is in February.

He considers that good garden soil is
suitable for Hybrid Teas and other types
of roses provided it is free from rock for a
depth of about 3 feet, believing this depth
of good soil necessary to keep the plants
from drying out in hot weather.

The health of the plants is assisted by
fairly close planting. He calls attention
to the fact that very little is known in
regard to fertilization of roses, and that a
fertilizer which yields excellent results
under one set of conditions may not be at
all applicable to others. He believes that
too much organic matter in the soil is
conducive to injury of roses, causing, in
hot and dry weather, die-back of the
canes, and w^eak blossoms which wither
rapidly.

He does not believe in the application
of nitrogenous fertilizer during the winter
or very early spring and recommends
systematic loosening and pulverizing ot
the upper 2 to 3 inches of soil with an
ordinary hoe rather than the use of thick
layers of organic mulches. He recom-
mends watering during hot weather only
at night or during the cooler parts of the
day, saying that when the soil is heated
during hot weather, application of water
often tends to cook the fine feeding-roots.

The circular also calls attention to the
relation of proper pruning to the healtii
of dwarf plants, believing that severe
pruning in the spring is much more de-
sirable than light pruning. This severe
pruning in the spring, together with the
removal and burning of all diseased
leaves, is one of the main precautions t
be used in preventing black-spot.

These are only a few of the important
things we noticed in this valuable circular
and we recommend that all our member-
living in Arkansas, or under similar con-
ditions, write to the Arkansas College ol
Agriculture for a copy. — Editors.

()

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

193

DON'T FORGET TO USE THE MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

ON THE LAST PAGE

New Rose News

Hybridization of roses seems to be an
endless joy to all rose-breeders. They all
plan and breed for something new and
different, no two breeders having the
same idea in mind.

The thrills of a new discovery bring joy
and happiness to the mind, and our hope
spreads and blooms in such glowing colors
of imagination that we press on and on
each year for the prize we are looking for.

I have just planted 100 varieties of rose
seed, mostly all cross-pollinated by my-
self during the early part of the season.
For the past three years I have practiced
a new idea. After all seed-hips are
gathered, hulled, and tested in the fall,
the good seed is stored in small glasses
full of water until planting-tirne. This
new idea is a sure guarantee against mice
and birds, and it also tends to soften the
hard hulls. Some new seedlings have
appeared on the scene.

W. A. 29 {R. rugosa X R. blanda) cross-
pollinates readily with almost all varie-
ties, and the seeds are large and generally
good.

W. A. 31 (American Pillar X R,
setigera) is very vigorous, sending out
several shoots 16 feet long this season,
but is not yet blooming.

W. A. 36 (R. setigera X Harison]s
Yellow) seems very promising, though it
has not yet bloomed. It has a long, narrow,
pea-green, disease-proof leaf and has
endured the burning hot sun of 115°
without damage. Its growth is upright,
stiff and erect, and exceedingly hardy.
It will be checked closely the coming
season, and, if proven good, it will be
registered with the American Rose So-
ciety as a new, distinct dooryard rose for
all America.

I believe we are on the verge of seeing
a great change in the whole rose kingdom,
giving us different forms, habits and
types.

In the Scripture the Lord is likened
unto the most beautiful — as the Fairest
Among Ten Thousand; the Bright and
Morning Star, the Lily of the Valley;
the Rose of Sharon, and many other
wonderful things. We humans can only

place the pollen from one flower to
another — then He carries out His plan
of perfection.

If my hopes and plans of breeding
roses are blessed with success, the old
four-season roses will become the new
four-season roses. — S. L. Wiseman, Home-
woody Ills.

Proof of the Pudding

Please get your Pudding reports in
early this year so the Editors will have a
chance to get the Annual out on time.

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A Happy Prize -Winner

Mr. Fred Huettel, of 1043 Stewart St.,
Knoxville, Tenn., is an employee of the
Knoxville Post Office and grows 400 roses
in 212 varieties on his city lot.

He is pictured here with the prizes
received for his roses sent to the Air Mail
Section of the Portland (Ore.) Rose
Show last summer. Mr. Huettel won the
cup and ribbons shown in the picture,
13 prizes for 14 entries, against competi-
tion from postal employees all over the
United States.

194

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

Except Nine Roses

My yard is small, and prior to three
years ago I had a variety of flowers,
annuals and perennials, with a few
scattering roses.

Three years ago, however, I decided to
confine my activities exclusively to roses.
Of course, I wanted an ideal rose-garden.
With this in view I made a careful study
of books written by experienced rosarians.
In the summer of 1934 I began to prepare
the ground. I dug out 18 inches of old
soil in two places, one on the east side of
my lot and one on the west side. Those
two spaces provided room for 54 Hybrid
Tea roses. The mixture for the fill-in of
these two spaces was composed of a good
grade of clay, a light soil with plenty of
humus, some live, well-rotted cow-man-
ure, and some peat moss, allowing the
fill-in several weeks to become well
settled before planting.

I planted the very best two-year, field-
grown bushes I could find, purchasing
from responsible nurserymen. Late each
fall I trench between the rows, throwing
the dirt around the rose bushes and filling
the trench w^ith cow-manure. At the
proper time in the spring I pull the soil
away from the roses into the trench.
There has been considerable black-spot
and mildew in this locality the past two
years, but my bushes have entirely
escaped. I have pruned quite closely each
spring, used plenty of Massey dust, and
sprayed frequently with aphistrogen. I
haven't lost more than three bushes in
three years. The plants have rnade a fine
growth; foliage has at all times been
perfect, and the bloom all that could be
desired. Many people have visited my
rose-garden and pronounced it the best
they have seen in the city — and it is
splendid!

Except, — and that exception consti-
tutes the only reason for detailing my
activities in attempting to produce an
ideal rose-garden.

There is a garage on the east side of my
lot, and when I dug out the old dirt west
of the garage I failed to take out the old
soil in a space 3 feet wide next to the
garage. The first row of eight roses was
planted very close to the edge of the old

soil and these eight roses have never done
really well. One bush on the west side ol
the lot was planted too close to sonic
perennial plants, and that one isn't doin^
so well. But I have a splendid bed ol
roses, — except nine rose bushes, which
didn't have a chance to do their best.

I am now wondering if in a year or so
I will not be saying, "In the fall of 1938 I
should have revamped my soil, trenchin<r
between the rows and filling in with a
well-fertilized good quality of clay loani,
thoroughly prepared in advance." Will
this not tend to make a sturdier bush next
year and, of course, better roses? 1
beheve it will, so I am going to learn b\
trying.

Well, really, all I started out to say
was that with proper care and attention
one can have a perfect rose-garden. With-
out that proper care and attention, how-
ever, the rose-garden may be perfect,—
except, and, of course there need be no
exceptions. — Frank S. Weston, Kalama-
zoo, Mich.

The Rose in Worship

One of the most revered rose figures in
America was Edmund M. Mills, D.D.,
Litt.D., an outstanding American clergy-
man, who was president of the American
Rose Society in 1924-25. He devised ^i
Rose Sunday service and used it con-
stantly. He came to Harrisburg ti-
introduce it at the then home of th^
Society, and with great effect.

A working member of the America i
Rose Society in York, Pa., John H. (
Dysinger, has reported on what happenc -
in the use of Dr. Mills' rose service i
Saint Paul's Tabernacle of the Unite
Evangelical Church on June 5, 1938. M:
Dysinger writes thus concerning t'
programme:

"When the talk Tork, the White Ro-
City,' was given by the minister, Rt
Mr. Hefl'ner, he related how York en iv
to be called *the White Rose City' n
told of the wars of the roses back in '■
fifteenth century, and how the v
existing York and Lancaster rose ca'
to be known.

"He also told the audience that he !
greatly missed, since coming to ^

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

195

^iv

several years ago, the abundance of roses
which he had found in Allentown in a
previous pastorate, despite the fact that
many citizens of York seemed to have
roses, but only a few roses. He missed
the municipal rose-garden which in Allen-
town focused the attention of the people
on a municipal supply of God's best
flower. He suggested that the city of
York was missing an opportunity in not
having its own municipal rose-garden.

'There was much delight when each
one present was given a rose by one of a
group of twelve girls, just before the
end of the service, close to 400 roses being
thus used. A pleasing part of the service
was when a member presented a bouquet
of very small roses to be given to all the
babies present.

"Aix)ut ten days had elapsed frorn the
announcement of this service until its
consummation. The congregation was
asked to bring roses to be used in decor-
ating and the response was by the thou-
sand of cut blooms. Over the pulpit was
a large trellis covered with Paul's Scarlet
and Blaze climbing roses. Directly in
front of the pulpit a huge basket of Blaze
literally blazed. Two trellises on either
side of the platform were covered with
New Dawn and Dr. W. Van Fleet, while
the altar rail was completely covered with

long sprays of American Pillar. In fact,
the front of the church was rich with
many baskets of Dr. W. Van Fleet and
American Pillar.

"It was truly a glorious sight and one
long to be remembered. Even those of
the congregation not present because of
illness were remembered by roses sent to
them and to the two hospitals of the city.

"So impressive was this first rose ser-
vice that it is now to be made an annual
aff'air."

It may be seen by this that the rose
may well be fitted into its devotional
relation, and members are urged to make
use of the service prepared by Dr. Mills.
The order of service used here follows:
ORDER OF SERVICE

Prelude, "June Roses" Spauldinff

Call to Worship, "O Worship the Lord in the

beauty of holiness" (Sung as processional).
Hymn, "This is my Father's world."
Pr*xvt*r
Instrumental Trio. "To a Wild Rose." McDoivell

(Piano-violin-cello).
Scripture, Isaiah 40:6-8 and James 1:9-11.
Announcements and Offering.
Quartet, "The Rose of Sharon" Palmer

"York— The White Rose City."
Address— "The Lesson of the Roses."
Anthem, "The Heavens are Telling" Handel

Blessing and Distribution of Roses— One to each

worshipper.
Hymn, "Jesus, Rose of Sharon."
Benediction.

ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THIS IS THE
APPLICATION BLANK

. . . .for that l\[ew JMember

««r

C[ Remember that each new member is at once provided with the 1938 American Rose Annual,
said to be the best rose book in the world; with ''What Every Rose-Grower Should Know," to start
rose-growing safely; and with the Members' Handbook, to tell who are your rose neighbors. Also
the American Rose Magazine comes along every second month to keep the new member up to date.

A Park Idyl

0/ course there's work in parks, you know!
There always is, where Jlowers grow.
But summer days bring visions bright.
That make the hours oj toil seem light.
Blossoms, blue eyes and golden hair,
And joy and gladness in the air.

June roses Jilled the morning air
With perfume, and the day was fair.
I worked amongst them—Jor you know
There's work to do where roses grow;
For roses, least oj all, expect
To be insulted by neglect.

A boy and girl, with swinging stride,
Came down the pathway side by side;
With careless grace, a lilt oj song.
Gay laughter, as they went filong.
And asked, as plain as asking goes,
"Say, do you ever cut a rose?"

I snipped a jew (/ dont know why

I liked the look in that lad's eye);

So laughed and answered, *'Sure we do.

Two jor your sweetheart, and one for you."

What rising tide! What crimson jflusb!

(Don't tell me that a girl can't blush.)

Sometimes the jest we lightly make
May sleeping impulses awake.
With voices bushed, they went away;
Gone was the song and laughter gay.
(Tut-tut, Old-timer, have a care;
Maybe you started something there!)

Time passes quicker, so they say.
For every year that rolls away.
Another June oj roses came
Andjound me working just the same
Amongst them, by the pathway where
I first had met this winsome pair.

I saw them coming jrom ajar.
The lass and her young Locbinvar.
How light the step! How sojt eyes shine!
When hearts are light with love's new wine!
"A rose? You bet, to match those jaces —
Looks like you jolks are going places."

At last one June, I almost groan —
Here comes my Lochinvar alone!
He shuffled, while bis j ace went red.
"Have a cigar, old man," be said.
"We//, well, young jellow, what's the joy?"
* I came to tell you — it's a boy."

Fred Edmunds, Portland, Ore.

SWEEPSTAKES WINNERS

Briarcllff was first; Miss Willmott second, and Warrawee third, for best blooms
in the amateurs' section of the Potomac Rose Society show, held m the National
Capital, October 1.

AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

Box 687, Harrisburg, Pa.
Please enroll me as a

A9.

.member

of the American Rose Society. I enclose the amount checked below as my dues for
the current year, including all the Society's publications; 75 cents of remittance is to
pay my subscription to "The American Rose Magazine," which is Si -50 separately.

Recommended by

Signed-

Address-

■w^

Annual fjan. 1 to Dec, 31} $3.50 • 3 years $10 • Sustaining $10
Commercial $10 • Research $20 • Life $60

MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

NovemlMil^iCfcceinb^r, 1938

^TN^ Editedhy
j^ J. Horace McFarland
and R. Marion Hatton

VOL. II— No. 12

Your Rose Christmas!

But even the "Christmas Roses*' at Breeze Hill are snow-
covered since the record Thanksgiving snowstorm! So our
real rose Christmas must be evidenced in the true "good will"
way of making someone happy.

A rose way is to put a friend in favorable trouble by getting
or "gifting" him into American Rose Society membership.
If he — or she — is rose-worthy, there will be a response well
worth while. Those who start right usually keep right on.
More roses in more gardens; more public rose-gardens for all,
may follow the introduction you may give a rose friend
through the $5 triple-headed membership mentioned on page
198 herein— triple because your friend is given the rose
"infection," you have the glow of your good gift, and your
non-profit Society is strengthened. Try it, do it!

^i^m^o^^tAy^Jy^^^

Pi Wished W The American Rose Society; Harristur^,

i5< a copy • $1.50 a year

CC^^f:^

198 THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

THE AMERICAN The Best Present

Dr^CT? \>rAnA'7TXTF Again the Society is offering, durinj^
KU bh M/\Lr/\^irMi: ^^^ ^^^^j^ ^f December, a bargain mem-
Edited by bership for new members. For $5.00 a
J. Horace McFarland new member may receive all of the 1938
and R. Marion Hatton publications, together with a lull mem-

. . . bership and all service for 1939. (This

Puhhsbed br-montbly by H^^^^^ ^ ^^^j^^ ^^^ ^2.00.) It affords

THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY an opportunity to give a rose friend a nota-

Crcscentand Mulberry Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. j^j^ ^jj-^^ ^^^ j^ ^|g^^ ^^^^^ ^^ g^^y non-mem-

Subscription price: To members of the American Rose bcr who will remit $5.00.

Society 75 cts. a year. 15 cts. a copy, which amount is ^ tear-otl gilt COUpon Will DC lOUnQ Oil

'"t'liiiTth^srrso'a^^^^^^^^ „ . the last page of this Magazine, and a

bufg"Ta''rd?rTh'eicTo?%^a;ci:fi??a!^^^^ Suitable Christmas card announcing the

^' ' ^ — gift will be mailed in time for Christmas,

Vol. II. No. 12 1938 November-December provided the coupon and remittance

' reaches the Secretary by December 13.

The reverse of the coupon is for your

Important Notice own use in remitting vour 1939 dues.

Members of local Rose Societies Both sides of the coupon may be used,

affiliated with the American Rose Society _ , ^ ^, . ti

should pay their dues direct to the Secre- Other Rose Christmas Presents

tary oj the local nroup, who will in turn following rose books, which can be

remit to this office. This keeps the records J^^e^ through the Secretary's office, are

straight for both organizations. not only interesting to every rose-lover,

but are specially fine Christmas presents.

The 'Troof of the Pudding'' Dr. McFarland will autograph copies

r u in:jn of his "Roses of the World in Color"

Please hurry your notes tor the IViV ^^ ^^ orders received by December 15.

"Proof of the Pudding," if you have not . „

already sent them in. Report only on ''Roses of the World in Color,

roses introduced during and since 1934. J,\^^'^''^ ^^f^'^^^"^. ' -L T

Use 3 X 5-inch cards or pieces of paper "Old Roses," Mrs. Frederick L.

of that size for each rose-it will save ...^^^^^ • ^ ' ,; ' , " \j].r'^ro

considerable work in the Secretary's ^o^f", ^«^^^' ^' ^'''^^'' . -.

,,£r„.^ McFarland ^-^

''"''^^- 'The Rose Manual," J. H.

_, ^ ^, Nicolas 2.9('

The Purest Pleasure ^a Rose Odvssey," J. H.

Dr. Earl William Benbow, who lives .^^^^ ' ^^,^>^ ' g. " a'.

way out west where men are men and ^immng ix^ , ^^^

women love roses, too, says, "Gardening .^How to'crow Roses," McFar^

with roses seems to give some their uL .nYpvIp 1.^"

purest pleasures." Why , dog^one^^ ''A Year in tt Rose Garden,"

Doctor, people who don t garden with ruNiroIas • !<"

roses" don't know pleasure of any kind, J- "• ^;^icoids •;•••.,•

either pure or polluted! These prices are all postpaid.

For Immediate Action

Announcement of the 1939 Annual Meeting will be found on page 204.

As New York and Brooklyn will undoubtedly be flooded with visitors to tnv
World's Fair at the announced time of our meeting, you are urged to make your
hotel reservations now, to be sure of a place to sleep.— J/ie Secretary,

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

199

s «#

1 1*

'Nr

A Message from the President

The American Rose Society has grown
in membership, but not to the extent
desired. This leaves us something to
strive for. We now include an unusually
select and constant group of rosarians.

Don't you have some friends or ac-
quaintances who love roses, who enjoy
testing their mettle against the fascinating
trials and uncertainties of rose-growing,
and who are willing to become better
growers and perhaps connoisseurs? Why
not look around for those whom you
think can qualify for membership, invite
them to join, and offer to endorse their
applications? Or perhaps you have some
friend to whom you would like to give a
membership as a birthday or anniversary
gift. You are the membership committee.
This is your society; if you believe in it,
work for it. — T. Allen Kirk, President.

Your Fall Rose Order

We clipped the following from a recent
bulletin of the Potomac Rose Society,
Washington, D. C.

The fall is, by far, the best time for planting
roses in this section. The winters are suUiciently
mild not to injure the new plants, when hilled up
as directed. Fall planting enables the plants to
get settled in their new locations before spring
growth, and enables them to start growing ear-
lier in the spring, due to the warm weather here
before the delivery of the spring rose order. Bet-
ter plants are delivered in the fall with only the
"left-overs" put in storage for spring delivery.
The plants are delivered in the fall directly from
the field when they are in better condition than
after winter storage.

Although growers reduce their fall catalogues,
listing only a few varieties, they should "get
wise" to the fact that most rosarians prefer fall
planting, particularly in this section. They would
reap great benefits by the listing of more varie-
ties in their fall catalogues.

Unless the growers produce more No. 1 plants
of the newer varieties instead of "palming off"
all grades at the same price, they will defeat the
very purpose of the Plant Patent Act. We
don't mind paying a higher price for a No. 1
plant of an improved variety but we certainly
object to the filling of such an order with weak,
spindly plants that are decidedly low in grade,
which struggle along for a year or two and then
pass out. This result gives a bad name to the
variety. The growers themselves should remedy
this condition, and they will when we return the
weak plants and refuse to accept anything less
than No. 1 plants. Let's do it.

Gasoline and Roses

The Tennessee Valley Agricultural and
Industrial Fair offers every year many
prizes for "educational and artistic"
garden club exhibits. Twice during the
ten years we have participated, the
Knoxville Rose Society has won first
place, and we are finding original ideas
very scarce. However, we managed to
evolve one this year which has had an
even better result than a mere prize-
winning.

Our display was a miniature filling-
station surrounded by roses. The **lot"
was 30 by 36 inches, a white frame
building with green roof and trim stood
back center, and extending 6 inches
toward the front on each side a white
picket fence with climbing roses growing
on it, in the back corners, clumps of
Rugosas. Several cars and trucks occu-
pied the drive and busy attendants man-
ned the gasoline pumps. The sweep of
the driveway left a semi-circle in front,
which was laid off in beds of Polyanthas
separated by grass paths. A sign read
"Gasoline for vour car; Roses for vou;
put one in your buttonhole." The
second sign read: "For any filling station
in Knox County agreeing to plant and
maintain such a plan, the Knoxville
Rose Society will supply the bushes and
supervise the planting."

This is the exciting part. We had our
applicant! An important filling station
occupying a long, slim triangle, with
space for planting 21 by 168 feet, on
rather a steep slope. The filling-station
boys are eager to provide unlimited labor
and plenty of manure. Already a bed
has been prepared against a concrete
wall for Paul's Scarlets and Jacottes.
Rectangular beds are ready for 130
Polyanthas. Corner accents of Rugosas
have been abandoned in favor of ever-
greens.

We are ever so proud of this as the
opening wedge towards a municipal
garden, as well as a real opportunity for
beautifying with roses.

P. S. Alas, the judges voted us only a
fifth! — Eleanor Haasis, Knoxville, Tenn.

Salt Lake City Next June

The Pathologist Looks at Roses in Their

Winter Quarters

In these clays of late autumn and early
winter many questions arise regardmg
dormant spraying and the hibernation ol
the fungi responsible for our more im-
portant diseases of the rose. These are
forward-looking inquiries by those who
have come to accept disease-control
practices as essential parts of an adequate
program to produce better plants and
blossoms. For gradually the sound idea
is gaining ground that success in disease-
control, so essential for good roses, is
both possible and practicable and that
the **magic wand** may never supply a
solution.

Will a dormant spray aid in disease
control? And shall we spray the soil?
The answer to the last question must be
"no" on the basis of facts, qualified by
the statement that nothing has been done,
in this connection, on black-spot and
other diseases attacking the foliage. For
scab of apples and other foliage diseases
of fruits where the fungi also hibernate
in the old leaves on the ground, some
promise exists in caustic sprays applied
to the old leaves. Here it looks as if such
a practice may complement the regular
spray practice to advantage. And per-
haps we may find that it pays to similarly
treat the old leaves in our rose-beds. But
until we have more information, and
specific facts for roses, the spraying of
the soil is not warranted. Timely (i.e.
early) raking and burning of the old
leaves, removal and replacement of the
upper inch or two of soil, and the use of
mulches to provide a mechanical barrier
between the old leaves and the growing
plant, are practices to be preferred to
spraying the soil.

Nor do we have positive evidence of
the value of dormant spraying of plants.
Theoretically, this would seem to be
worth while, to disinfect shallow lesions
and superficial fungus growths on the
stems; but no experimental evidence is at
hand. Where a dormant spray is used,
lime-sulphur at a dilution of 1 part in
9 or 10 parts of water, applied only when

the plant is completely dormant and witli
temperatures above freezing, is probabl\
to be preferred due to the ovicidal prop-
erties of the material in connection with
insect control.

The black-spot fungus {Diplocarpon

rosae) hibernates (1) in the old leaves on

the ground and (2) in lesions on stems.

The latter are apt to be in the younger

growth near the tips, and will probably

be largely eliminated along with the parts

normally cut away in pruning. The

mildew fungus (Spbaerotheca pannosa

var. rosae) hibernates either on the leaves

and stems where a winter-spore stage is

produced, with the spores matured in the

spring and shot into the air for wind

dissemination; or as living mycelium m

the dormant buds, suspected in the case

of the more susceptible climbers. Tht

proper and adequate protection of plants

throughout any one season by sprayin^;

or dusting will obviously reduce the

amount of fungus material hibernatin

in the garden and make control easier lor

the following season. It is for this reason

that the gardener is urged to continm

disease-control practices throughout tin-

autumn until cold weather kills tin

leaves, and thus prevent late-season nv

fections.

Among the questions deserving iikmc
careful attention by the gardener ;n<
those of root and stem injuries due to lov
temperatures, drying, and fungus attack
Plants so injured frequently make fcehu
or fair growth with actual death detcnc
for a considerable period beyond tl.^
time when the injury occurred. Not in-
frequently these injuries go back to th'
nursery or to that critical period betwcei
the time of digging in the nursery aiv
planting in the garden. The solution t-
these problems of root and stem injure
obviously lies in more adequate winte
protection, greater attention by the nin
seryman and the gardener to preven
dying, and in avoiding fungus invasioi
by correct pruning and careful handling
— L. M. Massey.

An English Hybridizer Comments

In the review of England's 1938 rose
crop in the September-October Magazine,
it was stated that English nurserymen
use Manetti as an understock for Poly-
anthas and Climbers. It is possible that
some do, but not to any great extent.

Many growers, including ourselves, do
not use Manetti in any form. Some
English growers use it for supplying cheap
roses for the chain stores.

The understock mostly employed is the
seedling briar, Rosa caninay and person-
ally I agree with Mrs. Foote in her pref-
erence for it.

As for producing suckers, we do not find
any great trouble on this score. But one
thing is certain, when the Canina sucker
shows, it is readily discernible, whereas
Manetti suckers are often overlooked.

You suggest a selected seedling briar
grown from cuttings may have real ad-
vantage. We find briar cuttings yield
far more suckers than the seedling briar,
and there are not many English growers
now who use briar understocks grown
from cuttings.

The sweetbriar, which is a form of R.
canina^ is largely employed as a stock for
the Pernetiana roses, and one can be sure
of a perfect crop on this stock.

What is known as Schmidt's briar
finds favor with a good many, and Pol-
moreana is also a good stock. (It is really
a form of Canina.)

What is here called the "Simplex"
stock is really Polyantha or Multiflora
Simplex, and is largely used as an under-
stock for Climbing Hybrid Teas and
Ramblers, also for dwarf Polyantha roses;
but of this the cutting form is better than
the seedling.

In reference to the newer varieties
mentioned I would warn readers that the
notes are taken from "maiden" or un-
moved one-year plants. I contend a just
estimate of a rose can be obtained only
from a cutback or two-year plant, and
this is where a trial-ground serves a very-
useful purpose. My estimate of several
roses marked A-1 as seen on maidens has
been considerably revised when the same
varieties were seen as cutbacks.

I am surprised you wide-awake Ameri-
can rose -growers have overlooked The
Doctor. Perhaps you all belong to the
"fitness" campaign, and did not need
him! We consider The Doctor is a
tip-top variety. Maybe it is too thin for
a glass-house crop, but outdoors it is a
lovely thing, and will be in much demand
over here next year.

In Queen Mary's rose-garden at Re-
gent Park, where some hundred varieties
are grown in beds holding from 1 to 200
plants of each sort, the outstanding
variety this season has been Lai.
On October 18, this year, a bed of 200
plants of this sort was in perfect health.
All the other beds had been sprayed
twice, but I was told that Lai had had no
spraying at all, and its fine foliage was in
perfect health. This rose has superseded
Mrs. Henry Morse, and although not
quite so full, it has delicious perfume and
is free from disease. One of its parents
was Commonwealth, one of your own
fine introductions. As it is one of my own
seedlings, I should not praise it, but I
think it is up to everyone to make known
a good thing to other rosarians.

Another fine rose blooming in the same
gardens on October 18 was Roslyn, a good
American variety. It was in a large bed
in proximity to one of Phyllis Gold, and
whilst the latter had few flowers out,
Roslyn was making a fine show. These
conditions were reversed in July, Phyllis
Gold then being the best.

I notice in the Rose Annual this year
someone said that Everest should be
classed as an H. P. Its parentage was
Candeur Lyonnaise X Mme. Caristie
Martel. It has much of the latter in its
yellow suffusion and I think comes under
the Hybrid Tea section quite as much as
Mme. Gregoire Staechelin whose parentage
is given as Frau Karl Druschki X Mme.
Caroline Testout. — Walter Easlea,
Leigh-on-Seay England.

Editors' Note. — Mr. Easlea's acute com-
ments are particularly gratifying in reference to
the rose The Doctor, which, incidentally, was so
named because the Senior Editor had strongly
admired it in the Dreer trial-ground at Riverton.

A New Look at Understocks and Standards

Most rose enthusiasts sooner or later
learn to bud, and in doing so have to use
whatever understock is at hand or readily
obtainable. Some go further and try
their hand at hybridizing, and to propa-
gate the resultant seedlings they also use
the understock which is the least trouble
to secure. This is a possible reason for
the major use of some form of Canina by
most European rosarians today, and is
why their roses, which do well on the
comparatively slow-growing Canina,
would naturally be the only ones which

were saved.

I am attempting to show why some oi
the varieties of roses we get, when estab-
lished on powerful Multiflora, Odorata,
or Ragged Robin understocks, give only
pale blooms from the strong, fast-growing
shoots, while blooms on some little side
shoot may be highly colored. That is why
some roses like Lady Margaret Stewart,
Jean Cote, Souv. de Claudius Pernet,
and Julien Potin are superb on small
plants on a slow understock, but when
budded on a large, powerful understock
with which they are not happy, give good
(lowers only part of the season after the
spring burst of fast growth is over. We
find Nature using the same idea in giving
better colored flowers at high elevations
than at sea-level, the driving urge be-
hind the plants being there restrained.

I have, and still am conducting, ex-
periments with many things for under-
stocks, and one fact stands out: The
slower and less powerjul the understock,
the better colored the average rose which
has R. foetida dominancy in its blood-
stream. On the other hand, the stronger
the understock, as a general rule, the
less the plant suffers from black-spot. I
also find that the slower understocks give
the plants a great deal more frost-
resistance. In fact, killing temperatures
for the hybrid rose will vary as much as
16° F. from one condition on one under-
stock to another condition on another
understock.

Seemingly, the best understock I have
found, as far as production and power is
concerned, while yet giving long-lived

plants, is the Rambler Dorothy Perkins,
but it suckers badly in warm soil. Ameri-
can gardeners will not put up with suckers
such as the British rosarians endure, in
order to have their roses on their beloved
native seedling Canina. I have such
comparatively short-lived varieties as
Charles P. Kilham on Dorothy Perkins
roots coming back strongly the fifth
year. There are many suckers, but the
plants really grow and bloom. After
having a rose on several different under-
stocks for three years, the plants will not
even look the same, while there is but a
small difference in their appearance the
first year or two.

With "standards," or tree roses, the
only root system which is satisfactory
from various angles and which does noi
sucker is Multiflora, the only difficult.x
being with the stem between the budded
head and the root. To be successful the
stem must be reasonably stiff but it must
carry the sap freely. It must be reason-
ably hardy, must not be subject to canker,
and must be resistant to stem borers.
All stiff-stemmed rose varieties, when
used as standards, on their own roots are
inclined to sucker in warm soil, and il
a standard does sucker it seldom gives
more than half the bloom it shouUl.
Really high-grade standards have to \n-
twice worked— once on Multiflora under-
stock and then on the top with the cl( -
sired variety. With properly producer !
standards we are fairly sure of having
them live if we use reasonable precau-
tions when planting.— Roy HENNESSI^.
Hillshoroy Ore.

That Friend of Yours

Who has admired your roses will admire-
his (or her) own roses more, if you start
him (or her) with a Christmas >-
Membership, bringing the 1938 li\e
Annual, "What Every Rose-Growei
Should Know," the Members Hand-
book, and the current Magazine and .-
1939 membership. Can you think o'
giving anything more pleasing to tin
right person?

Budded or Own-Root?

This old and controversial subject,
vigorously and sometimes viciously dis-
cussed in succeeding numbers of the
American Rose Annual, sticks up its head
again as this Editor reads a letter from
an ardent and adequate rosarian, Percy
H. Wright, of Wilkie, Saskatchewan,
who, in referring to certain propagations,
says: "Several old roses have been got
upon their own roots in western Canada
and have immediately taken on a new
lease of life."

Biologically there are no definite re-
corded conclusions as to the effect of the
understock on the bud it sustains, though
some of us have recently become very
suspicious or inquiring about it. Thus
at Breeze Hill certain of the newer
English and French roses that come to us
first on Brier or Canina or Dog rose have
flourished so much better than the same
varieties on our conventional Multiflora,
that the understock relation is forced
upon us. It is a subject which needs
definite, orderly research to be conducted
in more than one place so that climate
may have something to do with it.

But obviously, at least at the moment
these observations are recorded, we have
accepted budding as the only method for
propagation too complacently. For ex-
ample, certain climbing roses, many
Hybrid Perpetuals, and the like, are
budded perfunctorily, because it is easier
to do it that way, on Multiflora, and it
is suspected that some of them may
actually have been thus given less ade-
quate soil-support.

There cannot be any doubt that the
normal condition of any rose is on its
own roots, unless the use of the under-
stock has been undertaken for one of
two reasons: The first that increase is
much more rapid that way, and the
second that we believe the understock
will contribute vigor to the bud inserted
upon it. That the latter point of view
can be supported is well shown when one
considers how certain weak-growing sorts
wake up and perform on the right
understock.

It seems now that in the case reported
by Mr. Wright these certain old roses
have been restored to vigor by getting
"on their own." That is a perfectly
reasonable thing to expect where the
rose in question has the vigor it ought to
have if it is that kind of rose! In making
this somewhat cryptic statement there is
memory of how certain climbing roses
persist and grow and prosper when raised
from cuttings.

This particular inquiry is thrown into
the ring of rose lovers and rose raisers
and rose critics which builds around the
center we call the American Rose Society.
There ought to be among our thousands
of members a dozen or fifty folks who
feel like trying it out, and who will take a
variety not behaving well as received,
but which has desirable qualities of some
sort, into consideration for own-root
propagation with the willingness to
report the result.

As the situation stands when these
words are written, it is believed by the
writer that all the Climbers, most of the
Hybrid Perpetuals, and certainly all of
the species roses in commerce or coming
into commerce ought to be own-root. Is
the conclusion wrong? — J. Horace
McFarland, Harrishurg, Pa.

An Open Letter to George A.
Comstock, Ansonia, Conn.:

The survey of the "Proof of the
Pudding" which has been appearing in
the Rose Annuals for nine years, is a
valuable contribution to all rosarians,
amateurs and commercial alike. The
classifications and comments make it
possible for rose-growers to buy plants
with more knowledge and intelligence
than they have ever before been able to.
Reports check pretty close with the
results secured here with many of the
varieties grown by different people. I
am truly grateful for the reports and
thank you. — Miss D. B. Johnson, Fort
Smith, Ark.

204 THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

A Rose by Any Other Name Would Smell as Sweet

Whene'er i Rose receives a name,
It*s like a complicated game
To please the public, see what goes,
What name will suit this newest Rose.

So experts wrack their mightj^ brains.
Indulge in mental growing pains,
And cast their eyes and ears about
To name her for her coming out.

No longer do wc burden blossoms

With names like Mevrouw G. A. Van Rossem's:

They say a name can kill a Rose,

As Editor McFarland knows!

They send out nomenchtture spies
To search the heavens, scan the skies,
And choose a name that's terse and short
For presentation at our court.

And yet — will New Dawn ever seem
The dear old friend that we esteem
In Dr. W. Van Fleet,
Each time remembered when we meet?

Who'll have a corner in his heart
For names that are too flip and smart,
And who will fail to feel a glow
For good old General Jacqueminot?

And Walter Winchell's nothing new:
Felicite et Perpetue,
Those blesseci twins of an event
Bid us forget not sentiment.

What's finer than a Rose, we prajr?
Sometimes its name, for who'd gainsay
That Leonard Barron y E. G. Hill,
Make any Rose but finer still?

Souvenir de Claudius Fernet,
And Georges and Feu Pernet-Ducber:
To that brave company, alas !
Add Feu Jean Henri Nicolas.

Alice Harding, William Moore,

Don't they mean more than would Allure?

And Maman CocheCs d^rer far

Than names that smack of swing or bar.

No man with Roses lacks for friends:
He speaks to kings and ne'er offends;
He feels a bond with many a queen
And ladies that he's never seen.

To illustrate just what I mean.
Here's one for which we'd all be keen;
'Twould lend a Rose enduring fame:
How's M. S. Hershey for a name?

We haven't titles, royaltv,
But we have lots of loyalty :
Oh, what a joy if we were able
To write M. Hershey on a label!

And going to our garden plot
We'd keep from him the dread black-spot;
And how we'd pamper him and fuss
To feed him well, as he fed us.

And in our garden, you can bet.
We'd surely keep his feet well wet;
For Mr. Hershey is a king
And rates the best of everything.

And I do wish, as on we go.
We'd have these names that dearer grow:
To be too jazzy is a shame.

Though Shakespeare says: "What's in a name?"
Mary Dixon, Master in Landscape Architec-
ture, Flushing, Long Island, N. Y.

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

205

The 1939 Annual Meeting

The annual meeting of the American Hotel St. George, who wish to take care

Rose Society is to be held at the Brooklyn of our members at this meeting, request

Botanic Garden on October 5 and 6, 1939, that reservations be made at once. Address :

with headquarters in the Hotel St. Hotel St. George, Clark Street, Brooklyn.

George, Clark Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. N. Y. Rates are:

This hotel is only a few minutes by sub- gj ,^ ^^^^ ^j^j^ ^^.^ .... from $3.50 dalU

way from either the Pennsylvania or the Double rooms with double bed

Grand Central Stations in New York and bath from 5.50 dallN

City, and is quite close to the Brooklyn Double rooms with twin beds . ^, . •,

r> ^ • ^ J T I ^ • f *.i and bath from 6.00 aail\

Botanic Garden. In later issues of the jwo-room suites with bath (for

Magazine maps and other data will be ^^o persons) from 10.00 daily

provided. Three-room suites with bath

We are told that all of the hotels in ^ (for four persons) from 15.00 daiy

New York are already well booked up ^^ZZ R^om: Wplrsons : . Ill d^lly

with reservations to beptember 1, and ^, ^ r. . r r u i • ^a r.{

^1. 4-' f c 4.^ The Tower Section of the hotel IS composed ot

are now taking reservations for Septem- ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^.^^^ ^^^^j^^ ^^,^^ Batteries of

ber and October, 1939. tub and shower baths are maintained on every

Therefore, the management of the floor, with separate floors for men and women.

The Potomac Rose Show

The Editors ask particular attention
to the comprehensive organization evi-
denced in this show, and to the way in
which the prizes were planned to com-
bine interest and instruction. It is be-
lieved that frequently local newspapers
can be caused to offer prizes, as did the
Washington Evening Star. The detailed
prize report follows.

It took over 2,000 specimen bud vases, some
5(X) larger vases, and some 100 baskets and other
containers to hold the roses shown by the home
gardeners, hybridizers, greenhouse men, and
nurserymen at the Sixth Annual Potomac Rose
Show held in the National Museum, Washington,
D. C, October 1 and 2, 1938.

In the amateur division, the local garden clubs
finished in the following order in total first,
second and third prizes taken by their members
in the 143 amateur classes: Woodridge, Takoma,
Leesburg, Fairfax, Georgetown, Chevy Chase,
Alexandria, Hyattsville, Rockville, Sandy
Springs, Trowel, Augusta, Fort Belvoir, Bethesda,
Warrenton, Petersburg, and several others.

The Woodridge Garden Club will receive
autographed copies of "Roses of the World in

Color" and "How to Grow Roses," presented by
Dr. J. Horace McFarland, of Harrisburg, Pa,
The other garden clubs in the order named above
will be presented with copies of "Modern Roses"
and "The Rose in America" by McFarland;
"A Rose Odyssey" and "A Year in the Rose
Garden" by Nicolas; "Climbing Roses" by
Stevens; and six copies of "How to Grow Roses"
by Pyle and McFarland. The first ten of these
garden clubs mentioned will also receive a copy
of the American Rose Annual. Both these and
the rose books won are for circulation among the
different club memberships winning them, and
should help them to grow even better roses.

Miss E. M. Ghamberlin, the member of the
American Rose Society in Virginia, Washington,
and Maryland having the highest number of
points among the home gardeners, was awarded
the gold vase of the Potomac Rose Society.
Dr. J. A. Gamble, the member of the Potomac
Rose Society with the highest number of points
in Classes 1 to 119, was awarded the Richard L.
Ruffner Silver Rose Bowl.

The next seven amateurs will each receive
four dormant rose bushes of selected newer
varieties. "B Kits" of Tri-ogen are awarded the
remaining exhibitors in this list.

Mrs. Eugene Scott, first sweepstake winner
with Briarcliff, has been awarded the American

206

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

207

Rose Society's Silver Medal Certificate and $5
worth of roses. Mr. Winn T. Simmons the
second sweepstake winner, took with hllen
WiUmott, the Bronze Medal Certificate of the
American Rose Society and $3 worth of roses.
Mr. W. J. McCarthy, the third prize sweepstake
winner with Warrawee, was awarded one year s
subscription to Tbe Flower Grower and $2 worth
of roses. The honorable mention sweepstakes
went to Mrs. W. W. Gibbs, of Staunton, Va., on
the new Poinsettia, and to Mrs. Lomax Tayloe
on Etoilc de llollande. The Potomac Rose-
Society silver trophies were awarded to each ot

these winners. , • ■ • i

The winners in the color and m the mixed
variety collections are as follows: Wliite C()l-
lections. Dr. J. A. Gamble; yellow. Dr. J. A.
Gamble; pink, Mrs. S. H. Bond; dark pink. Miss
Fvelyn Collins Hill; 24 mixed varieties, Richard
L. Ruffncr; 18 mixed varieties Mrs. E. C.
Powell; and 12 mixed varieties, M. K. Reading.
These, in the order named, will receive 6 plants
(,f white varieties; 6 yellows; 6 light pinks; 6
dark pinks; 6 Queen Marys; 2 Miss America,
2 Mine. Jean Gaujard, and 2 Alice I larding;
and 2 McGredy's Sunset, 2 Donald Prior and 2

Snowbank. , . , ^r u u

In Class 119 for beginners with 25 rose bushes
or less, Mrs. R. M. Fiedler and Mrs. l.cmdon
Young were each awarded '> roses.

In the corsage classes, Mrs. J. A. Gamble won
a selected book on (lower arrangements lor the
first prize, and Mrs. V. L. McKinstry a cut-glass
rose vase for the second prize.

Vases in the arrangement classes lor c^mbits
of outstanding merit are awarded to Mrs M. H.
Sutton, Mrs. J. A. Gamble. Mrs. V. L. McKin-
stry, Mrs. R. II. Fiedler, Mrs. Parker Dodge,
Mrs. Parke Galliher, and Mrs. John O. Johnson.

The show in the hybridizer and nurserymen
division was judged by Dr. T. Allen Kirk. Presi-
dent of the American Rose Society. Exhibitors
in this division included Dr. Whitman Cross,

Virginia Polytechnic Institute test-garden at
Blacksburg. Va., The Conard-Pyle Company,
Jackson & Perkins Co., Henry A. Dreer Inc.,
Bobbink & Atkins, M H. Wyant. and John

Cook, Inc. I I L A

Dr. Whitman Cross was awarded the Ameri-
can Rose Society's Gold and Silver Medal
Certificates for outdoor-grown novelty roses,
shown as cut-flowers, on his new rose creations
numbers 289-E and 622-B. Ten other new rose-
sorts were evaluated at the same time tor these
prized certificates. .

Tbe Washington Evening Star Silver Rose
Vase for the most points in this division, was
awarded to The Conard-Pyle Company.

Certificates of Merit of the Potomac Rose
Society for displays of new roses of exceptional
merit, have been recommended by the Awards
Committee of the show to the Board of Directors,
for award to The Conard-Pyle Company. Jack-
son & Perkins Company, and Henry A. Dreer
Inc Honorable Mention, with a special letter ot
appreciation concerning the merit of its rosr
display, was voted sent to those in charge ot tlu
V P. I. rose test-garden at Blacksburg, V a.

The three sweepstakes silver trophies wen
wcm in this division by The Conard-Pyle Com-
pany, of West Grove, Pa., with Feu Permt-
Ducher, Warrawee, Rouge Mallerin, a silver
trophy being provided for each sweepstakr

winner. !• • • \ r^ \

In the greenhouse-grown division, A. Uu(W

Sons Company, having the most first, second,
and third prizes in the ditfert;nt classes, becanu
the permanent possessor of the Washington
Florists' Silver Rose Vase, having won it tor
three years. This local company, which grows
its own roses, also has the best three gretmhousc -
grown roses shown in the greenhouse division :
first, Joanna Hill; second, Joanna Hill; am
third, Briarclitr. A silver trophy was awarded
each of these. Dr. J. A. Gamble, Cbairnun,
Show Committee.

A Southern California Rose Show

The Pacific Rose Society was asked to
sponsor the rose section at the Los Angeles
County Fair this year. The area of the
show "was about 2,200 square leet (139

hv 165).

There were classes for amateurs, pri-
vate growers, and commercial growers.
Also, the Society itself put in a large
complimentary exhibit, including several
varieties furnished principally by its
commercial members. There were several
thousand each of Will Rogers, Eternal
Youth, and Crown of Jewels.

The center of the show was built up ot
a very elaborate exhibit of hothouse
roses which served as a center or focal
point of the show. All of the rest of the
flowers were outdoor grown.

A few seedlings were shown that wen
good, but none of them could score S-
per cent, as the judges were really judgiiu
very strictly. Unfortunately, we had th-
hottest weather of the summer just fu
days before the show, and that kept on'
some good seedlings as well as many otiu

roses.

There was a class for California rose
introduced since 1934, and this brougl.
out several good entries. Climbmg Hit
rich Gaede won first, with San Die^
second. Others shown were: Sylvia Groei.
a pink Hoover; Climbing Mme. Juk
Bouche, and Sweet Memorie.

The commercial exhibits consisted c
entries having approximately fifty blooir,
each. Among the varieties shown wcr

■

President Herbert Hoover, Picture, Talis-
man, and J. Otto Thilow. Then several
commercial members had a whole exhibit
of roses, one of which w^as a landscape
scene. Everything growing vv^as repre-
sented by different roses. This made a
very striking effect. About 50 varieties
of roses were used with several Singles
such as Mermaid, Dainty Bess, Cecil, and
Innocence. The different colors brought
out different scenes and effects in new
ways.

The private growers' or gardeners'
class brought out many fine roses. An
interesting class in this group was that of
six roses each of twelve named varieties.
This brought out varieties not shown in
other classes.

Pomona, where the Fair is held, is
away from the center of population of
the metropolitan area, and all exhibitors
went at least 30 miles to exhibit, so you
see that there was much interest shown.
There were very good awards given, as
well as ribbons.

The amateur section was most interest-
ing, having more roses than the commer-
cial growers and showing many varieties
of good quality.

In the reds the prize-winners were
Etoile de Hollande, Will Rogers and
Texas Centennial. As always, Mrs. E. P.
Thom was a winner in the yellow class,
with McGredy's Ivory winning in the
white classification.

To give the other multicolored roses a
chance, a class was made just for Presi-
dent Herbert Hoover. J. Otto Thilow
was able to take care of itself in the pink
class. The class of Polyanthas and Singles
was open to all, with the amateurs win-
ning with Dainty Bess in the Singles and
Else Poulsen first in the Polyanthas.
Kirsten Poulsen was second in the Singles.

Plans are now being talked over about
another show next year at the Fair, and
of course we will very likely have our
own show in the spring as we did this
last year. — Fred W. Walters, President
Pacific Rose SocietVy La Canaday Calif.

A Note on New Understocks

Visitors to my garden this past spring,
summer, and autumn invariably pointed
to a section of my beds where a particu-
larly vigorous and free-blooming grcjup of
roses were growing and asked, "What are
those?" Those were some test plants
budded on understocks not in general
use that were sent me by Brooks & Son,
of Modesto, Calif., and planted Februarv
14, 1938.

They consisted of the following:

2 Grenoble (one year old on Prairie Queen); 2
So ur Therese (1 two year old on Chenault 5892,
1 one year old on Prairie Queen) ; 4 Federico Casas
(2 one year old on 27-32, 2 one year old on Prairie
Queen); 2 Sunny California (both two year old on
Chenault 5892); 2 Duquesa de Penaranda (1 two
year old on Chenault 5892, 1 one year old on
Prairie Queen); 2 Gruss an Coburg (both one year
old on Prairie Queen); 2 Golden Dawn (1 two
year old on Chenault 5892, 1 one year old on
Prairie Queen).

Now this is only a preliminary report,
as it takes more than one season's growth
to test an understock in any given locality,
but the results were certainly interesting
to say the least.

To identify the understocks used;
Chenault 5892 is a form of Multiflora
Japonica; 27-32 is described as "a blue
rose seedling"; and Prairie Queen is a
Setigera Hybrid originated by Feast in
1843.

All the above grew well, bloomed a
great deal, and had line foliage. At the
end of the season the tall-growing varie-
ties, such as Federico Casas and Gruss an
Coburg, were between 3 and 4 feet tall,
and although most of the plants were only
one year (jld when set out, they made more
growth than one-year plants on Odorata
22449, which is my favorite understock.

Leading the procession were the plants
on 27-32, with Prairie Queen a close
second. One-year plants on those under-
stocks made better growth than two-year
plants on Chenault 5892, although the
Chenault plants were entirely satis-
factory. The one-year-old Golden Dawn
on Prairie Queen grew into the best plant
of that variety 1 have ever grown on any
understock, and although it is not a tall
variety it finished the season 3 feet high.

208

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

•;

The Chenault 5892 plants seem to throw
a profusion of rather slender wiry stems,
whereas those on Prairie Queen and
27-32 put out strong basal canes. Nothing
in the behavior of the Chenault 5892
plants has to date led me to thmk it is
better adapted for this locality than
Odorata 22449 but it has performed well
enough to warrant widespread tests. As
for 27-32 and Prairie Queen— well, they
give promise of becoming extremely
valuable additions to this country s
miserably small understock family. Is it
too much to hope that some day in this
land of standardized mass production
the poor rose-buyer will be able to get a
variety budded to the understock that
suits it best and that is best adapted to
the climatic demands of his section?
—Jacob H. Lowrey, Augusta, Ga.

Editors' NoTE.-Mr. Lowrey's experiences
may well be considered in connection with^ A
New Look at Understocks and Standards, on
page 202.

Rose Success in Syracuse

I have been growing roses in small
beds for a number of years but have not
been satisfied with either the growth or
the bloom. The winter mortality was
also too high, so I determined to do
something about it. Last fall I dug down
to a depth of 30 inches and then threw
back, into the bottom, all the rocks un-
covered in the digging. On top of that I
placed the sod removed in making the
bed. The remainder of the soil was
mixed 50-50 with peat moss and put back
in the hole. The whole thing was allowed
to settle all winter and in the spring I
transplanted my old rose bushes— about
100 of them — to the new bed. The soil
before mixing was ordinary garden soil
without much humus, and slightly on the
clay side. In the old beds some of the
bushes had poor foliage and not much of
that. The growth was under 28 inches
on the best of the bushes and bloom was
small and scarce. In moving the bushes
I was disgusted with the poor root-system
and weak canes. I pruned the roots back
and cut the tops to within 4 inches of the
bud.

In the old beds the soil had been re-
peatedly fertilized with a commercial
fertilizer and was loose and friable, but
poorly drained. The surface dried quick
enough after a rain but a foot down it
stayed wet for a long time.

This June I had in the new beds the
biggest and best crop of roses I have ever
had. On some bushes the growth reached
to 54 inches and for the first time in many
years I kept black-spot under control,
so that even by October 20 one could not
find over a half dozen spotted leaves.
President Hoover gave flowers six inches
across. The color was better, the foliage
larger and greener and more of it, and
the canes stronger.

The new bed had no fertilizer. 1 am so
pleased with the result that I am doing
the same thing with the rest of my roses
this fall. Now the interesting part ot it
to me is the fact that a few roses I did not
move were just as poor as before, so that
the statement of a friend who saw the
garden, carries no weight with me. He
said it was due to the unusually good
growing weather we had in Syracuse this

summer.

As we always get an early trost, which
kills most flowers, followed by several
weeks of lovely weather, I decided to try
to save the abundant fall bloom by
covering a section of the bed with Cello-
glass stretched over a light lath frame.
This is removed in the daytime and set
back at night. At the time of writing,
October 25, I have many fine roses; last
year I had no roses after October 1. — A. H
MacAndrews, President Syracuse Host
Society y Syracuse, N. Y.

Is This a Record?

Mr. Edward Decker, Centerville, Ohio
father of the little girl whose pictun
appeared in the September-October Mag
azine, entered roses in six rose sho\\-
during 1938, winning 19 first, 8 second
and 17 third prizes. His best rose wa^
Crimson Glory, which won 7 first and -
seconds. McGredy's Ivory won 5 times
Countess Vandal and Editor McFarland
4 each; and Etoile de Hollande, 3 times
Verily, the Queen of Flowers smiles ov
her lovers.

Rose Success Under Difficulties

Dr. C. W. Lyon reached Kansas
prairies long after pioneers had made
them bloom, but got here in time to make
one of the heaps of sardine cans, which
the pioneers left, produce fine roses.

When Dr. Lyon came to Ellinwood,
shortly after the War, he had difficulty
finding a suitable home. As a stop-gap
he lived in his office, a frame building
70 years old, on Main Street. Both Dr.
and Mrs. Lyon love beautiful surround-
ings, and the result was that, before they
could find a suitable residence, they had
made their temporary home so inviting,
they decided not to move.

The rear of Dr. Lyon's premises had
served for years as a dumping-ground for
neighboring stores, and there were old
packing-boxes, tin cans, and almost every
imaginable type of trash stacked several
feet deep.

After the Doctor had built himself a
workshop and a garage on the alley, he
had a strip of dump approximately 25
by 60 feet in which to achieve a garden.
The south side of this opened on a vacant
lot and a board fence was erected to shut
off this view. On the north the yard was
fenced by an ugly brick wall of the ad-
jacent furniture store.

All of the trash was hauled away, and
several layers of the soil under it. Good
soil, well mixed with manure, was
brought in, and the Lyons started to
i)uild an outdoor living-room. Flower-
beds were laid out against the board
fence and the brick wall, and for several
years the back yard contained the general
collection of flowers that flower -lovers
grow. The space between the flower-beds
was carpeted with a bermuda turf as
thick and soft as a fine rug.

Several years ago Dr. Lyon decided to
specialize in roses. At that time, and
even today, general opinion is that this
is a poor locality for roses. Just on the
edge of the dust-bowl of western Kansas,
In the area of prolonged drought, in the
grasshopper country, and in an alkaline
soil, the idea that roses might thrive has
not occurred to many.

Dr. Lyon prepared a bed approximately
6 by 30 feet against the brick wall,
planted Climbers and Rugosa roses
against the wall, built a cement curb to
keep the bermuda grass out of the bed,
and put in 100 roses the first spring.

Some people have growing thumbs,
and it is no particular credit to them
when they have fine rose-beds, but Dr.
Lyon was not so blessed. His first ship-
ment of roses had dried out over winter,
and failed to grow. He replaced them
with potted plants, almost every one of
which died. What roses did grow suffered
from chlorosis and did not do well.

Between calls Dr. Lyon studied his
problem, bought a soil-testing outfit, and
corresponded with members of the Am-
erican Rose Societ\^ in alkaline regions.
He gave his soil liberal doses of sulphur,
aluminum sulphate, and other minor
elements with an acid reaction.

The first year the treatment probably
was too enthusiastic, as some of the
plants burned badly. Last fall Dr. Lyon
decided against spring planting and
filled his bed again with new plants. This
spring his roses came up almost 100 per
cent and he has had marvelous results
throughout the season, with very little
let-up during the hot weeks.

This result was not achieved without
heroic effort. April 7, when some of
Dr. Lyon's roses already were showing
buds, the barometer started to drop and
blizzard warnings were broadcast. Dr.
and Mrs. Lyon worked feverishly, yank-
ing good blankets out of storage and
covering the plants. The next morning,
90 per cent of their bedding was under 4
to 5 feet of snowdrift, but the plants
survived.

In some respects this climate has
proved ideal for roses, in spite of its
drawbacks. None of Ellinwood's rose
enthusiasts, so far as they know, have
seen black-spot. The dry atmosphere
seems to kill it off efl'ectively. Mildew
is as rare, and the Japanese beetle and
rose chafer are only rumors. We do have
a lot of insects not mentioned in lists of

It
I

210

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

rose pests, which are pestiferous, but
they can be borne with. Almost all roses
do well here. The more petals the better,
but Betty Uprichard, only moderately
double, is one of our best. Indeed, many
roses that fail in other climates are m
the 100 per cent class here. Thomas A.
Edison, for instance, at the bottom m
the "Proof of the Pudding," is marvelous
here. It blossoms freely in the hottest
weather, and the big pink buds are
exquisite all season.

The drought and extreme wmter
weather are our chief enemies, but water
can be found 13 feet from the surface and
winter protection is not difficult. Dr.
Lyon has only to press a button to flood
his roses with water from his own well.

The rose-garden is not the only out-
standing feature of Dr. Lyon's home.
The south side of his premises is walled
in by a bed of perennials and annuals
every summer, and indoors he has
transformed his old house into a luxurious

residence.

Dr. Lyon's work is bearing fruit. The
last Annual shows that Ellinwood, seven-
tieth city in Kansas in size, is second m
rose enthusiasm. Topeka, where the
Reinisch Gardens are a stimulant, has
seven members of the American Rose
Society; Wichita and Ellinwood tie for
second with five each; and if the potential
members here, who have been making
inquiries this summer, blossom into
members, Topeka had better start mis-
sionary work to stay at the top. Further-
more, Ellinwood has just voted bonds for
a new park, and rose-lovers are conspir-
ing, already, to establish a municipal
garden.— H. Martin Glenn, Ellinwoody
Kans.

An Experience with the
New '*Hormodin A'*

My latest, and in some ways the most
exciting, experience in rose-growing has
been the use of Hormodin A on rose-
cuttings. Before using Hormodin A I
usually got from 50 to 60 per cent of good
plants from slips rooted under fruit-jars
during the winter, but never one from a
spring or summer-planted slip.

Last spring I soaked some rose slips in
Hormodin A according to instructions,
and on May 26, 1938, set out six each of
Radiance, Red Radiance, Mrs. Charles
Bell, Jacotte, and Marechal Niel, and
four of Climbing Cecile Brunner, using
different ages and lengths of cuttings,
with and without heels. These were
placed in a mixture of sand, peat moss,
rotten cotton-seed hulls, and loam. The
bed had sun five hours each day and was
kept moist. The only Radiances which
rooted were two of Mrs. Charles Bell, and
these were matured wood which had heels.
These plants bloomed the latter part of
July. Two Jacottes made two or more
canes from 20 to 24 inches long. The
Climbing Cecile Brunners made similar
growths and bloomed in early August and
were still at it when stopped by a sleet
storm early in November. Marechal
Niel is one of the hardest roses to grow
and to root, but the one cutting which
grew now has four canes, each 20 to 24

inches long.

In October some friends had rose
blooms sent to them from Tyler, Texas.
We couldn't identify some of them, but
as we wanted plants, I used the Hor-
modin A on them. The blooms w^ere all
wilted when I put them in the solution,
but the next morning they were as fresh
as if they had just been cut. The slips
are now in the yard under fruit-jars, but
I'm not hopeful, as only two had heels
and all were soft new wood. — Miss D. B.
Johnson, Fort Smithy Ark.

A Rose for a Rosarian

DR JEAN HENRI NICOLAS

When a new day leaps young upon the world,
And choiring birds begin their early song,
And silver-footed dawn, with lance unfurled.
Spears the gray mantle night has kept too lonji-

* ♦ * *

Then pluck we in remembrance of you
The royal bloom you knew and loved so well,
And place the perfumed bud. all bright with dcu
Above your grave, a golden sentinel.

* * * *

A symbol of our lingering last adieu,
It holds a scented memory of you.

— Eve Summers,
Flushing Garden Club, Flushing, N. >

A Lifetime of Rose Service Honored

Many who buy roses and do business
with The Conard-Pyle Company, of West
Grove, Pa., may have noted under the
signature the initials S. J. T. Being
translated these initials refer to S. James
Todd, whose steady service of thirty-five
years in knowing roses, selling roses,
writing roses, and answering rose ques-
tions was celebrated on Thanksgiving
Eve, in a complimentary dinner at the
Red Rose Inn, November 23, 1938.

Mr. Todd's associates were present in
person, and a long list of letters were read,
indicating the esteem in which this
soft-voiced roseman is held.

The humor of the situation was in a
"poem" presented by Mr. Pyle, the
toastmaster of the feast, from the four-
teen stanzas of which two are here
reproduced, the title of the poem being
"We'll Name a Rose for Him":

I le's from St. Patrick's Ishind

Yes, he's from Erin's sod
Is our gentk^man, Jim

Let us honor him
Let us name a Rose for Todd.

Build monuments for presidents
Long since they're 'neath the sod,

We'll honor Jim while the sun's on him
We'll name a rose **Jim Todd."

Red Roses in Indiana

Red roses have been especially good in
southern Indiana this summer of 1938,
tlianks to abundant rainfall and moderate
temperatures.

The excellent McGredy's Scarlet,
usually only a very deep pink, has
actually been scarlet this year, and the
beautiful buds, slowly opening into great
long-stemmed blooms, have been some-
thing to enthuse over. The plants have
grown very tall, and have kept their
foliage exceptionally well.

Rouge Mallerin gave many lovely buds
and fully double, fragrant blossoms which,
like other varieties, cooked in the hot sun;
but it never blued, and the growi:h was
very good.

Etoile de Hollande upheld its good
reputation, making good growi:h, and

giving its beautiful blooms generously.
The old Etoile de France was also very
fine, with lovely long-stemmed flowers
for cutting.

Even that very old rose. Meteor, which
is like the "little girl who had the little
curl that hung right down in the middle
of her forehead, and when she was good
she was very, very good, but when she
was bad, she was horrid," has this year
been on its good behavior and might have
qualified for one of the best red roses.

Francis Scott Key, rose of enormous
blooms and many petals, but never a
profuse bloomer, has this year given un-
usually fine flo.wers.

The red Hybrid Perpetuals, General
Jacqueminot and J. B. Clark, have re-
peated several times.

Altogether, this has been a great red rose
year. — Rebecca Parker, SalerUy Indiana.

Secretary, American Rose Society, Harrisburg, Pa.

i Herewith my dues for 1939, as checked below:

□ Annual Q 3 Years Q Sustaining
i $3.50 $10.00 $10.00

□ Life

$60.00

for which I enclose $

Name

Address

Make checks payable to the American Rose Society

[SBE ALSO OTHER SIDe]

212

THE AMERICAN ROSE MAGAZINE

m
P

Gloaming is ''Best Rose'*
at Oklahoma City

At the Oklahoma Rose Society's show
at Oklahoma City, October 15 and 16, a
bloom of Gloaming won the American
Rose Society Silver Medal Certificate for
the best rose in the show, with Etoile de
Hollande taking the Bronze Medal Cer-
tificate for the second best.

President Pierce reports that between
five and six thousand people visited the
show in the Y. W. C. A. building.

English Rose Awards

The following awards were made by
the National Rose Society of England at
their test-gardens at Haywards Heath,
for the year 1938.

These awards arc the most important
foreign rose awards made anywhere.

The award of a First Class Trial-
Ground Certificate was made to:

Trial OriKinutor's No. Originator

(iround No.

64c 80U, I IT. C. Nadal, Spain

468 Oimson Glory, I IT. W. Kordcs, Germany

The award of a Second Class Trial-
Ground Certificate was made to:

W. Kordes, Germany
J. H.. Nicolas, U. S. A.
L. Pahissa, Spain

I loward & Smith, U. S. A.
Howard & Smith, U. S. A.
W. E. B. Archer &
Daughter, Enghind.

31c

Eutin, 11. Poly.

47c

Rocket, HT.

66c

lOX, HT.

121c

Springtime,

H. Poly.

125c

739.4, HT.

460

Folkestone,

H. Poly.

Bread and Roses

It is well worth while to note the way in which
rose beauty impresses the "hard-boiled" news-
paper folks.

While most of us are engrossed most of thi
time in the solution of "bread and butter"
problems, our innate desire for beauty and th(
stars, to grow and admire beautiful roses, for
example, can never be suppressed.

Last week, on the occasion of the annual show
sponsored by the Reading Rose Society, thou-
sands of Berks Countians strolled into the lobby
of the Metropolitan Edison Company and n-
mained to enjoy the beauty and fragrance ol
roses, roses, and more roses; roses red, yellow,
pink, white, and multi-colored; climbing roses,
moss roses, and tea roses; roses in sprays, roses
in vases or bowls; roses single, and roses in
threes and sixes.

The two roses adjudged best in the show- a
multi-colored Herbert Hoover and a Pink Dawn
- were grown in private back-yard gardens on
Birch and Locust streets respectively. From
humble homes, the county over, came splendid
displays and specimens of the world's best-loved
flower.

In this simple fashion it has been demonstrated
once more, and right under our eyes, that wt-
human beings crave more than bread and cir-
cuses. We want flowers, too, and music, and all
that goes with culture and beauty. — The Reading
Times, June 10, 1938.

How They Use Roses in Paris!

A clipping comes to the Editors to
indicate that Paris in getting rid of its
last street-car has celebrated the oc-
casion with the use of roses, as follows:

Paris has said farewell to its last street-cu
and sent the old tram down its last mile gar-
landed with roses. Buses have now completely
replaced street-cars throughout the city, the last
tram route closed being that from Le Raincy i'>
Montfermeil.

GIFT MEMBERSHIP

Secretary, American Rose Society ^ Harrisburg, Pa.

Please enroll.

MR., MRS., .MISS

STRbKT

TOWN

STATE

as a member for 1939, as checked below.

□ Annual □ 3 Years □ Sustaining □ Life

$3.50 $10.00

for which I enclose $

$10.00

$60.00

n Special
1938 and 1939, $5.00

□ Gift Card to me [J to new member

.N,\ME

Make checks payable to the American Rose Society [see also other side)

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