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THE UNIVERSITY
OF ILLINOIS
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University of Illinois Library
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THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF
PASSIFLORACEAE
BY
ELLSWORTH P. KILLIP
ASSOCIATE CURATOR, DIVISION OF PLANTS
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
ge pls
\” NATURAL
XR HISTORY
THE LIBRARY OF THE
APR 11 1938
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY .
VOLUME XIX, PART I s
MARCH 31, 1938
PUBLICATION 407
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
50,5
FB © sce i ae
W135 ee I Oe
;
3 CONTENTS
> is
R IEE SIBUPOLIOUIA 6 yo hehe hy BR a ys 8 Awe 5
OTH Bo Sete ea dh ia ge Ah hee ate oat eps Se a -
RORY QUE YOU 0) fo acon ceed gd Satoh, ye Go oe hee EE 8
Varying concepts of classification ............. 8
rns MOPPNOIORY =. flee yeh a ee as Se ee 11
BIG INCRE 7 ert se ee a pai og Saha fo Fan tka op aot Rs 18
DTM TONAL ED geo Creel yo Se oe ee Ae ed eG 19
List of abbreviations for herbaria cited .......... 20
MORPROD ee vexed AP as ye a eh 22
MPMETIR UIC TIORtINONG: Agr Oye oy op oh a gna cen a ee 23
Bn Gl OXBICCAUHE C8 econ op dete A as, uae Oe RY 582
BS SYS eee 0G rea We tes oe nod oka day VO Glee RES Ton Bene 602
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
TEXT FIGURES
PAGE
1. a, Passiflora vitifolia; b, P. andina; c, P. foetida var.
POMC i. ee ihre AeA a ee SS Se lid ane Pea 13
2. a, Passiflora heterohelix (natural size); b, P. gracillima
(natural size); 'C, Pda: 8 8k & a ow 6% 15
THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF PASSIFLORACEAE
ELLSWORTH P. KILLIP!
INTRODUCTION
Passionflowers have always had great popular appeal. Early
Spanish missionaries to the New World saw in the corona, the long-
stalked ovary, surmounted by three styles, and the stamens a
resemblance to the Crucifixion, and from this came the popular
and scientific name. Drawings and descriptions of these “marvel-
lous’ flowers were taken back to Europe, and as early as 1610
Jacomo Boscio presented the Flos Passionis to the world as ‘“‘the
most wondrous example of the Croce trionfante discovered in forest
or field.’’ (See Plant lore, legends, and lyrics, by Richard Folkard, Jr.,
London, 1884, portions of which are reproduced in Bailey’s Standard
Cyclopedia of Horticulture.)
The present paper had its beginning in an attempt to present a”
taxonomic revision of the Mexican and Central American species
of Passiflora. Before that was completed, however, I had oppor-
tunities for field work in parts of South America in which the genus
was abundantly represented. The study of the material obtained
on these expeditions and the incidental identification of other South
American specimens, as well as material from the West Indies, led
to an enlargement of the scope of the original project, to include all
of the American Passifloraceae.
Masters’ monograph of the family in Flora Brasiliensis (1872) was
a thorough elaboration of the American species known at that time.
Since then, about 250 New World species have been proposed, but
except for Harms’ necessarily brief survey in the second edition of
Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien no attempt has been made to bring
together in a single treatment these recently described species, so
as to establish their relationship with each other and with earlier
ones. Moreover, the intensive exploration of tropical America in
the last 50 years, especially in Mexico, Central America, and the
Andes, has resulted in the acquisition of a large amount of herbarium
material, so that there is now a far more accurate understanding
of the species than was possible in Masters’ time.
The present survey deals with native species, and I have given
little attention to the numerous hybrids developed in horticulture,
1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
ff
8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
to many of which specific names have been assigned. Masters has
given a list of the species cultivated in European gardens (Journ.
Hort. Soe. n. s. 4: 125, sq. 1877), and in Bailey’s Standard Cyclopedia
(p. 2486) there is an extensive discussion of horticultural hybrids.
HISTORICAL SURVEY
Because of the striking appearance of the flowers and the unusual
shape of the leaves, Passifloraceae have long been a favorite subject
of study for botanists. Throughout the works of the pre-Linnaean
authors, as Hernandez, Pluckenet, Plumier, and Tourneforte, are
to be found descriptions and illustrations of passionflowers. In an
account of Passiflora by Hallman in Linnaeus’ Amoenitates (1749),
22 passionflowers are treated. In the Species Plantarum (1753)
Linnaeus described 24 species, a number which was increased to
35 by Lamarck (1789). The first extensive monograph of the family
was published by Cavanilles in 1790 (Diss. 10), 43 species being here
treated, of which 32 were figured. In 1805 Jussieu described (Ann.
Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 102-116, 388-396) 13 new species, and discussed
in detail some of the generic problems connected with this group.
In Rees’ Cyclopedia (1819) 55 species were included. Drawings of
25 species, unaccompanied by descriptions, appeared in Velloso’s
Flora Fluminensis (vol. 9, 1827). There were about 145 American
species in De Candolle’s Prodromus (1828), and in Roemer’s synopsis
of the family (1846) about 225 New World species were listed as
valid. The most extensive studies of the family were those made
by Masters, who, until his death in 1907, was the recognized authority
upon the subject. His monograph of the American species in
Flora Brasiliensis (1872), a synopsis of which appeared the preceding
year, contained 202 species. An account of the Colombian species
by Triana and Planchon (Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17: 121-186. 1873)
discusses the collections of Lehmann, André, Stiibel, and Weberbauer;
and others by Masters and by Harms, a survey of the Ecuadorean
tacsonias by Sodiro (1903), and numerous papers by Harms and
myself, all have made known many additional species. In the
present monograph 355 species of Passiflora and 10 belonging to
smaller genera are recognized, of which 17 are now proposed for the
first time. In a few species there are one or two varieties or forms.
Passiflora foetida has 37 varieties, 18 of them now newly described.
VARYING CONCEPTS OF CLASSIFICATION
Passifloraceae consists of 12 genera, four of which are found in
the New World. Of the strictly Old World ones, Crossostemma,
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 9 |
Schlechterina, and Machadoa are monotypic African genera; Deidamia,
with about 8 species, and Tryphostemma, with about 30, likewise
are wholly African. Adenia, the largest of the Old World genera,
contains approximately 80 species, most of which are restricted to
Africa, though a few occur in tropical parts of Asia and on the South
Pacificislands. Hollrungia and Tetrapathaea, both monotypic genera,
are found in New Guinea and New Zealand, respectively. In Passi-
flora, by far the most important genus of the family, less than 40 of
the nearly 400 known species are endemic to the Old World; these,
with the possible exception of one species in Madagascar, are known
only from Asia and the South Pacific islands, and the genus is, there-
fore, primarily one of the New World. Mitostemma, with three
species, and Dilkea, with five, are restricted to South America.
Tetrastylis contains one Central American and one Brazilian species.
The families Malsherbiaceae and Caricaceae were united to
Passifloraceae by early authors, but they are now considered distinct.
In the following brief review of the genera and groups into which
the family has at various times been divided, those genera that
properly are referable to Malsherbiaceae or to Caricaceae are not
included, nor are the Old World groups of Passifloraceae considered.
All the passionflowers were placed by Linnaeus in Passiflora.
In 1787 Medicus created the genus Cieca for the apetalous species,
and revived Tourneforte’s names Murucuja and Granadilla for two
additional genera. In 1789 (Gen. Pl. 398) Jussieu added another
genus of Tourneforte’s, Tacsonia, but he did not recognize Cieca.
These three genera, Passiflora, Murucuja, and Tacsonia, were main-
tained by Persoon (Syn. Pl. 2: 219. 1807).
In 1819 (Ann. Gén. Soc. Phys. Brux.) Bory St. Vincent proposed
three additional segregates of Passiflora, viz., Asephananthes, Monac-
tineirma, and Anthactinia. In 1822 (Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve 1:
434-443) De Candolle, accepting the generic concepts of Jussieu
and of Persoon, subdivided Passiflora into seven sections: Astrophea,
Polyanthea, Tetrapathaea, Cieca, Decaloba, Granadilla, and Dysosmia.
This treatment was followed in the Prodromus, an eighth section,
Tacsonioides, being added to Passiflora, and Murucuja and Tacsonia,
with two and four sections, respectively, being given generic rank.
In 1846 Roemer, evidently with an extremely narrow concept
of a genus, raised to generic rank all of De Candolle’s sections. But
in placing the species Roemer unfortunately showed a lack of knowl-
edge of their characters, many being assigned to certain “genera”
without apparent justification.
10 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Bentham and Hooker adopted De Candolle’s treatment, though
reducing Murucuja to a section of Passiflora.
In a paper in the Transactions of the Linnaean Society, issued the
year before his monograph in the Flora Brasiliensis appeared,
Masters recognized three genera, viz., Passiflora, Tacsonia, and
Dilkea, the last being proposed at that time on the basis of recent
collections from northern South America. He divided Passiflora
into four subgenera: Astrophea, Plectostemma (including the sections
Cieca, Dysosmia, and Decaloba), Murucuja (including the sections
Eumurucuja and Psilanthus), and Granadilla. In Tacsonia he
recognized two sections, Bracteogama and Eutacsonia.
This early paper, in so far as it applied to New World species, was
merely a synopsis of the forthcoming monograph, and many new
species were mentioned by name only; in order not to burden the
synonymy in the present monograph I have not cited this first use
of such names. The new combinations here made date, of course,
from this earlier paper.
In their monograph of the Colombian Passifloraceae (1873) Triana
and Planchon maintained but one genus, Passiflora, which they
divided into five subgenera: Tacsonia, Granadilla, Plectostemma, Muru-
cuja, and Astrophea.
Within the next few years two new genera, Tetrastylis and Mito-
stemma, were described from Brazil.
In the first edition of Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien Harms
recognized four New World genera: Dilkea, Mitostemma, Tetrastylis,
and Passiflora. Tacsonia and Murucuja here constituted sections
of Passiflora, together with Astrophea, Decaloba, Cieca, Psilanthus,
Granadilla, and Dysosmia. Harms’ careful analysis of the family
in the second edition of this work is by far the most satisfactory
treatment of the subdivisions of Passiflora. The genus here is divided
into 21 sections, 18 of which are represented in America, the sections
often being subdivided into subsections or series.
In the present paper the treatment of genera and subdivisions
closely approximates that of Harms though (it is interesting to note)
much of the material was prepared prior to the appearance of his
latest revision.
The most important divergence lies in the raising of Tetrastylis
to generic rank, and in the regrouping of the species placed by Harms
in the sections Decaloba and Cieca. I have, moreover, raised most
of Harms’ sections to subgenera.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 11
GENERAL MORPHOLOGY
In view of the thorough treatments of the morphology, organo-
geny, minute anatomy, and fertilization of the flower presented by
Masters and by Harms, it seems unnecessary at this time to do more
than discuss in a general way the vegetative and floral parts of the
American Passifloraceae, mainly with a view to a proper under-
standing of the terms used in the keys and descriptions. Details of
the floral structure are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Habit.—Most of the passionflowers are herbaceous or woody
vines, climbing by means of tendrils, or subscandent shrubs. Some
species of the subgenus Astrophea are true shrubs or low trees, and
in Dysosmia two species are low, spreading shrubs.
Stem.—The stem is terete or 3-5-angled. In Plectostemma it
is usually longitudinally striate and often deeply grooved; in Grana-
dilla it is terete or quadrangular.
Tendrils—The tendrils are usually solitary in the axils of the
leaves. In a few species they terminate the peduncles, and in one
species some of the tendrils are axillary and some develop from a
flowerless fork of a bifurcate peduncle.
Stipules.—The stipules vary from setaceous to broadly ovate,
and constitute an excellent mark of distinction between groups of
species. Their margin usually is entire in Plectostemma and Muru-
cuja, entire or toothed in Granadilla and Tacsonia, and deeply cleft
in Dysosmia. In Astrophea the stipules are setaceous, or at most
narrowly linear, and soon deciduous. In several species of Granadilla
with foliaceous stipules, the stipule is attached on one side slightly
above its base. In the measurement of the stipules given in this
paper the term “length” is always applied to the longest dimension,
even though this may not be the distance from the point of attach-
ment of the stipule to its margin.
Leaves.—The leaves are always alternate, but probably in no
group of plants is their shape more striking or the variation in out-
line of those of a single plant more extreme than in Passiflora.
Especially is this true of the small-flowered vines of Plectostemma
and the showier-flowered murucujas. The leaves may be undivided
and transversely elliptic, orbicular, narrowly linear, or broadly
ovate; or bilobed with widely spreading or erect lobes; or 3—5-lobed;
or, in the case of a few species, compound. The margin is usually
entire, though in several species it is toothed or even pectinate.
The leaves are predominantly 3-nerved or obscurely 5-nerved, the
12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
nerves reaching to the margin, and often terminating in a mucro.
In Astrophea and in a few species of other subgenera the leaves
are penninerved. In the present paper I have treated the petioles
in a clause separate from the leaves, because of the frequent necessity
of giving a lengthy description of petiolar glands.
Foliar and bracteolar glands.—In all but a few species nectar-
secreting glands are present in some form, either as protuberances
on the petioles or along the margin of the bracts, or as ocellae on
the under surface of the leaves. The presence or absence of these
glands on the petiole, and their shape, position, and number constitute
important points of difference between species and groups of species.
In Plectostemma there is a close correlation between the presence or
absence of petiolar glands and the sculpturing of the seeds, and upon
these characters, rather than upon the presence or absence of petals
and the floral arrangement, are based the main sections of this sub-
genus in the present treatment.
Peduncles.—In most species the peduncles are borne singly or
in pairs in the leaf axils, and are 1-flowered. Among exceptions to
this are: P. multiflora and a few species of Astrophea in which the
flowers are fascicled; P. racemosa and certain members of Astrophea
with a racemose or a pseudoracemose inflorescence; other species
of Astrophea in which the peduncles are one or more times dichoto-
mous; the subgenera Tryphostemmatoides, Deidamioides, and Poly-
anthea, and one section of Astrophea, in which the peduncles terminate
in a tendril and are 2-flowered; and seven representatives of Plecto-
stemma in which the peduncles have two or more flowers. Occa-
sionally the peduncles are borne in pairs on short, more or less
leafy, axillary branches which usually bear stipules and terminate
in a growing bud, a condition not to be confused with a true compound
inflorescence.
Bracts.—Except for a few species of Plectostemma, bracts are
present, though sometimes they are early deciduous. Their shape
and size and their position on the peduncle constitute a most impor-
tant character for the differentiation of subgenera, sections, and
species. In all bracteate species of Plectostemma, with the exception
of those of the small sections Pseudogranadilla and Hahniopathanthus,
the bracts are narrowly linear to setaceous, and are scattered along
the peduncle, a condition also found in Murucwja and its allied
subgenera and in Astrophea. In Granadilla and Tacsonia and their
relatives and in two sections of Plectostemma the bracts are generally ©
conspicuous, leaflike, or sometimes highly colored, and form an
Fic. 1. a, Passiflora vitifolia (from Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: pl. 121); b, P.
andina (from Journ. Linn. Soc. 20: pl. 19); c, P. foetida var. santiagana. a, b,and
c: 1, calyx tube; 2, sepals; 3, petals; 4, corona; 5, operculum; 6, limen; 7, gyno-
phore; 8, filament; 9, anther; 10, ovary; 11, style; 12, stigma.
13
14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—BorTany, VoL. XIX
involucre near the base of the flower. Usually in these groups they
are distinct to the base, though in a few species they are partially
connate. In Dysosmia they are involucrate, and are pinnatisect
into filiform, gland-tipped divisions.
Calyx tube.-—Writers differ in the use of a term for this part of
the flower. Masters calls it “flower tube,” designating the upper
free portion as sepals. Harms uses the term receptacle. In the
present paper it is considered the calyx or calyx tube; the upper
free part, the sepals rather than the lobes. The calyx is bowl-shaped
or cup-shaped (Tetrastylis and the subgenera Plectostemma, Try-
phostemmatoides, Granadilla, Dysosmia, and Adenosepala), cam-
panulate or tubular-campanulate (Murucuja and Pseudomurucuja),
short-tubular (Chloropathanthus, Distephana, in greater part, Grana-
dillastrum, Calopathanthus and Astrophea, in part), or long-cylindric
(Psilanthus, Tacsonia and allies, and Astrophea, in part). In species
with a small calyx tube this is usually green or greenish; in those
with a well developed tube it is nearly always highly colored, red,
pink, purple, or orange, rarely pure white. Mitostemma and Dilkea
have a much reduced calyx; in the latter the sepals are at first united
into a tube, but soon separate.
Sepals.—There are five sepals in Passiflora and Tetrastylis, four -
in Mitostemma, and four, or perhaps sometimes five, in Dilkea.
They vary from linear to broadly ovate, and ordinarily are the
color of the calyx tube. In many species of Granadilla and Tacsonia
they are dorsally keeled, the keel terminating in an awn.
Petals.—Petals are absent in Chloropathanthus and in a few species
of Plectostemma. In Rathea they are attached below the mouth
of the tube. In Tacsoniopsis the tube has a well developed limb,
the petals being inserted at its margin. In all other petaliferous
species they are borne at the margin of the tube, alternately with the
sepals. They are white, greenish, or yellowish in most species of
Plectostemma, usually highly colored in Murucuja, Pseudomurucuja,
Granadilla, and Tacsonia. The petals are ordinarily smaller than
the sepals and of a much thinner texture. In drying they often adhere
so closely to the sepals that they are overlooked.
Corona.—The inside of the calyx tube, from its margin to the
base of the gynophore, bears a series of processes, arranged usually
in rings, one within the other. Not until Masters’ time does the
importance of these processes as diagnostic characters appear to
have been fully appreciated, but in all recent treatments of the
Fic. 2. a, Passiflora heterohelix (natural size); b, P. gracillima (natural size);
c, P. nitida: 1, calyx tube; 2, sepals; 3, petals; 4, corona; 5, operculum; 6, limen;
%, gynophore; 8, filament; 9, anther; 10, ovary; 11, style; 12, stigma (from Mart.
Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: pl. 118).
15
16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
family they are recognized as of primary importance in distinguishing
species and groups of species. Various terms have been used to
designate these series of processes. Sowerby (Trans. Linn. Soc. 2:
19. 1794) called them principal rays, imperfect rays, operculum,
and nectary. Masters considered the several layers as parts of a
corona. The nomenclature adopted by Harms seems the most
satisfactory, and is the one used in this paper. The differences in the
terminology used by Masters and by Harms may be shown thus:
MASTERS HARMS
Faucial corona \ See ee eee Wile eae Corona
Supramedian corona
Middle (or membranous) corona............... Operculum
Inframedian corona......... CS esemsas ie eis aie wae Nectar ring
BSORUT COPORB soo coc cn ceds vs ee eee eS oe Limen
The corona usually consists of numerous threadlike processes
(often differently colored than the floral envelope), arranged in
from one to several series, the outermost attached at the edge of
the calyx tube just inside the sepals and petals. Whether these
threads are filiform, liguliform, or spatulate, straight or falcate,
terete or angled is important as a mark of specific distinction. In
all but one species of Plectostemma, in Pseudomurucuja and Psilan-
thus, and in a few species of Tacsonia the corona consists of free
filaments, arranged in one or two series, the second series, if present,
being composed of much shorter threads. In Granadilla the elongate
filaments occur either in a single series or in two series, and are usually
succeeded by shorter threads or by tubercle-like processes which
may not be arranged in definite rows. In Granadillastrum and Tac-
sonioides the filaments are in three or more ranks; in Astrophea the
outer filaments are usually much dilated in their upper half, and are
followed by one or more series of very short threads. In Murucuja
the corona is a membranous tube about the gynophore. Distephana
has a 2-8-ranked corona, the outer rank or ranks being filamentose,
the inner one tubular. In most species of Tacsonia the filaments ©
are reduced to short, tuberculiform processes, in one or two series.
In Dysosmia and Dysosmioides there are two to four series of radiate
filaments followed by several rows of minute threads.
Operculum.—The operculum presents great diversity of form,
and is of prime importance in the differentiation of subgenera. In
the subgenus Astephia and in Mitostemma and Dilkea it is wanting.
In Plectostemma it is always a folded or plaited membrane, its
margin, usually slightly incurved toward the gynophore, being entire,
minutely crenulate, or serrulate. In Tryphostemmatoides it is a
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE | 17
thin, nonplicate membrane. In Dysosmia it is nonplicate, and the
margin is denticulate. In Psewdomurucuja the operculum is borne
at the top of the tube and is dependent. In Murucuja, Tacsonia,
Granadillastrum, and Distephana it arises near the base of the tube
and is dependent or at least is strongly inclined inward, the margin
often being erect. In Calopathanthus, Chloropathanthus, Psilanthus,
Tacsonioides, and Astrophea it is erect, usually being fringed or cleft
partway. It isin Granadilla that the operculum exhibits the greatest
diversity, varying from a single row of free filaments to a fringed or
an entire membrane.
Nectar ring.—This is a low, narrow ring on the floor of the tube
within the operculum. In some species it is wanting.
Limen.—In most of the species of Plectostemma the limen is
similar to the nectar ring within which it is situated. In a few
species of this subgenus it has the form of a thin membrane attached
to the floor of the tube at the base of the gynophore and more or
less adnate to the floor except at the margin. In Dysosmia and in
many species of Granadilla it is a cup-shaped membrane with a
flaring margin, closely surrounding the base of the gynophore.
Like the nectar ring, it is absent in many species.
Genital organs.—In the subgenus Apodogyne and sometimes in
P. apoda the ovary is sessile, the stamens being borne upon the floor
of the calyx close to the base of the ovary. In all other species of
Passiflora and in Tetrastylis the stamens and the ovary are raised
upon a gynophore. The filaments are united in their lower part
to form a tubular membrane closely adherent to the gynophore.
In Passiflora the gynophore is straight, and the filaments are free
from their tips to their point of separation from the gynophore.
In Tetrastylis the gynophore is curved, and the stamens are united
beyond it, only their tips being free. In these two genera there are
five stamens. Mitostemma and Dilkea have 8 or 10 stamens, and
these are inserted on the calyx close to the base of the gynophore.
In all four genera the filaments are attached at or below the middle
of the back of the 2-celled anthers.
The ovary, borne just above the stamens, is globose, ovoid, or
ellipsoidal: Generally it is terete, but in Astrophea and a few species
of other groups it is trigonous, or occasionally hexagonal. In
Astrophea it is broadly truncate at the apex, the styles projecting
from the angles at the top of the ovary, as also in some species of
Distephana. In Tacsonia and related groups the ovary usually tapers
to the styles, which are free to their base. In Plectostemma and
18 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
in most species of Granadilla the styles project at the center of the
top of the ovary, often being more or less united toward their base.
Fruit.—In Plectostemma the fruit is usually a globose berry, not
more than 2 cm. in diameter, dark blue or black when ripe, containing
an acidulous, watery, or mucilaginous pulp, surrounded by a parch-
ment-like skin. In Dysosmia the fruit is somewhat larger, and red
or yellow when mature, the outer wall being hard and brittle. The
fruit of Granadilla varies in size from a crab apple to a small melon.
Its walls are thin-skinned, hard-shelled, or rindlike.
Seeds.—The seeds are usually much compressed, and have a
hard, bony testa. Seed characters of Passifloraceae have been too
little regarded by students. Early in my studies my attention was
brought to the large seed collection assembled by Mr. Homer Skeels,
of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, in which Passiflora was
well represented. At the outset it was obvious that the seeds fell
into two main groups, those with a series of transverse ridges and
grooves and those that were reticulated or pitted. Searching for
other characters that might be correlated with these differences,
I found that in general the species with glandless petioles had
transversely grooved seeds and those with glanduliferous petioles,
reticulate or pitted seeds. Except for the section Hahniopathanthus
this correlation was almost perfect for the subgenus Plectostemma;
it also held for Murucuja and the subgenera separated from it, and
for Psilanthus. Unfortunately, well developed seeds of many species
belonging to groups with showy flowers and rather large fruits, such
as Tacsonia, Granadilla, and Astrophea, are not available, so it has
not been possible to carry these studies as far as desirable. The
extent to which this correlation exists may be observed by noting
the descriptions of the petioles and seeds in the accompanying
diagnoses of the subgenera of Passzflora.
ECONOMIC USES
Many of the species of Passiflora are of economic importance
because of the quality of their fruit, their adaptability for cultivation
as ornamental vines, or their medicinal properties. Passiflora
quadrangularis, P. ligularis, P. edulis, P. maliformis, and P. laurifolia
are the most important species with edible fruits. The leaves of
P. mexicana and P. holosericea serve as a substitute for tea in some
places. The root of P. foetida is used as an antispasmodic. It is
said that the root of P. quadrangularis is anthelmintic, containing
a substance called in certain localities “passiflorine,’’ which possesses
lethargic properties. In Guatemala an infusion of the seeds of P.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 19
coriacea is used to kill ‘‘chuchus.”’ Other uses are mentioned in
connection with the individual species.
An interesting account of the cultivation of passion fruits is given
by W. T. Pope (Hawaii Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 74, 1935), with a list
of 18 papers on this subject.
GENERAL REMARKS
A study of Passifloraceae should be profusely illustrated. To
convey in words an accurate picture of the complicated flower
structure and the curious shape of the leaves is difficult. And only
a colored illustration can give any real idea of a living passionflower.
To appreciate this one has but to glance through the Botanical
Magazine and contrast the prosaic words of formal description with
the gorgeous reproductions accompanying them. My colleague,
Mr. E. C. Leonard, has generously prepared a few illustrations for
this paper, and for these I am very grateful. In an attempt to
offset this deficiency I have included in the treatment of the species
lists of the more important illustrations. In this connection mention
should be made of the superb paintings made under the direction
of Mutis for a flora of Colombia, which are preserved in the Jardin
Botanico, Madrid. Many of the color details given in the following
descriptions I have derived from these paintings.
During the course of these studies I have had unusual oppor-
tunities to become acquainted with passionflowers both in their
native surroundings and in herbaria. Three major field trips, two
of them to Colombia and one to Peru and Amazonian Brazil, and
shorter expeditions to Cuba, Jamaica, Panama, and Curacao have
enabled me to study living plants of about 90 different species.
During these travels I have had the privilege of examining herbaria
rather infrequently visited by North American botanists—such as
those at the Museu Goeldi, Para; the Instituto de La Salle, Bogota;
the Colegio de La Salle and the Academy of Sciences, Havana; and
Hope Gardens, Jamaica. On visits to Europe in 1925, 1932, and 1935
I was able to study the rich collections at the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew; the British Museum (Natural History); the Linnean Society;
the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; the Jardin Botanico,
Madrid; the Jardin Botanique and the Boissier Herbarium, Geneva;
the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna; the Botanisches Museum,
Berlin; the Jardin de |’Etat, Brussels; and the University of Utrecht.
Many specimens from these herbaria were lent me for more thorough
study in Washington. Through loans the greater part of the Ameri-
can Passifloraceae in the Riksmuseet, Stockholm; Universitetets
‘20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Museum, Copenhagen; the National Herbarium of Colombia; the
British Guiana Botanic Gardens; and the Trinidad Herbarium have
been available. I have also had the privilege of consulting the
collections in this country, such as those at Field Museum of Natural
History, the New York Botanical Garden, the Gray Herbarium
and the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, the Academy
of Natural Sciences (Philadelphia), the University of Pennsylvania,
the Carnegie Museum, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the University
of Michigan, the University of Minnesota, the University of Cali-
fornia, Pomona College, and the California Academy of Sciences.
To those in charge of all these collections and to the very helpful
members of their staffs I wish to express my deepest gratitude. I am
under special obligations to Dr. H. Harms, the eminent student of
Passifloraceae, for invaluable aid in these investigations. Brother
Leon, of Havana; Dr. Adolpho Ducke, of Rio de Janeiro; and Mr.
N. Y. Sandwith, of Kew, have most generously sought in the field
or in herbaria special information for me. Finally, I wish to extend
my best thanks to those collectors whose names are familiar in the
field of tropical American botany and who have made special effort
to obtain material for me—to men resident in tropical America, such
as H. Pittier, O. Buchtien, F. L. Herrera, A. Weberbauer, E. Pérez
Arbelaez, C. A. Purpus, S. Calderén, Father Mille, and Brothers
Apollinaire Marie, Elias, and Daniel, and to those who have been
members of expeditions from the United States.
A list of all herbaria consulted, with the corresponding abbrevia-
tion by which they are indicated in the citation of specimens, follows:
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS FOR HERBARIA CITED
A. Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University
Bi Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem
Bas. H. W. Bassler Herbarium, consulted at Iquitos, Peru; now
on deposit at the New York Botanical Garden
BG. Botanic Gardens, Georgetown, British Guiana
BM. _ British Museum (Natural History)
Bo. Boissier Herbarium
Bog. Instituto de La Salle, Bogota
Brux. Jardin de |’Etat, Brussels
BW. Willdenow Herbarium, Botanisches Museum, Berlin
Cal. University of California
CAS: California Academy of Sciences
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 21
Carnegie Museum
Universitetets Botaniske Museum, Copenhagen
Catholic University of America
Field Museum of Natural History
Gray Herbarium of Harvard University
Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneva
Goeldi Museum, Para
University of Gottingen
Academy of Sciences, Havana —
Herbario Nacional de Colombia, Bogota
Colegio de La Salle, Havana
Agricultural Experiment Station, Santiago de Las Vegas,
Cuba
Hope Gardens, Jamaica
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Rijks Universiteit, Leiden
Linnean Herbarium, London
Jardin Botanico, Madrid
University of Michigan
University of Minnesota
Missouri Botanical Garden
United States National Museum
National Arboretum, Washington, D.C.
Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris
University of Pennsylvania
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
Pomona College
Narodni Museum, Prague
Rochester Academy of Science
Riksmuseet, Stockholm
Stanford University
Department of Agriculture, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad
Universitetets Botaniska Tradgard, Uppsala
Rijks Universiteit, Utrecht
Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna
New York Botanical Garden
22 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Only the more important references are here included; papers
containing solely descriptions of new species are omitted.
Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1916.
Barbosa Rodriguez, Hortus Fluminensis 183-186. 1893.
Bentham and Hooker, Gen. Pl. 1: 807-816. 1862.
Bory de St. Vincent, Sur les grenadilles ou passionaries, Ann. Gén. Soc.
Phys. Bruxelles 2: 129-156. 1819.
Britton, Passiflora in Cuba, Bull. Torrey Club 44: 15-20. 1917.
Britton and Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Is. 5: 600-604. 1923.
Calderén, Passifloras dilobatas de El Salvador. +-
Cavanilles, Dissertatio (10) de Passiflora 439-463. pl. 265-296. 1790.
Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 74-76. 1899.
Chodat and Hassler, Plantae Hasslerianae, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 2: 743-
745. 1902; 3: 1126-1127. 1903; 4: 61-63. 1904.
De Candolle, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve 1: 434-436. 1822.
Prodr. 3: 321-336. 1828.
Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 45-59. 1834.
Fawcett and Rendle, Flora of Jamaica 5, pt. 3: 232-243. 1926.
Gontscharow, Ad cognitionem Passifloracearum brasiliensium, Bull. Jard.
Prin. U.S.S.R. 26: 556-562. 1927.
Grisebach, Fl. Brit. West Indies 290-296. 1864.
Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3, pt. 6a: 67-92. 1893; ed. 2, 21: 470-
507. 1925.
(Plantae Lehmannianae in Colombia et Ecuador) Bot. Jahrb. 18:
Beibl. 46: 1-14. 1894.
Neue Arten der Gattung Passiflora L., Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 294-
299. 1922.
Beitriige zur Kenntnis der amerikanischen Passifloraceen—I, Repert.
Sp. Nov. 19: 25-32. 1923; II, op. cit. 56-60.
Passifloraceae americanae novae, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 808—
816. 1929.
air Passifloraceae cuzcoenses Novas, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 34: 249-253.
Jussieu, Sur quelques nouvelles espéces du genre Passiflora, Mém. 1, Ann.
Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 102-116. 1805; Mém. 2, op. cit. 388-396.
Killip, Tetrastylis, a genus of Passifloraceae, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16:
365-369. 1926.
in Standley, Flora of the Panama Canal Zone, Contr. U. S.. Nat.
Herb. 27: 275, 276. 1928.
Passifloraceae of the Mayan region, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461:
299-328. 1936.
Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. 3: 32—42. 1789.
Lindman, Zur Kenntnis der Corona einiger Passifloren, Bot. Stud. till. Kell-
mann 55-79. 1906.
Linnaeus, Amoen. Acad. (Passiflora by J. G. Hallman) 244-279. 1749; ed. 3,
211-236. 1787.
Species Plantarum 955-960. 1753.
Masters, Contributions to the natural history of the Passifloraceae, Trans.
Linn. Soc. 27: 5938-645. 1871.
(Passifloraceae) in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 531-627. pl. 106-128. 1872.
Journ. Hort. Soc. n. s. 4: 125, sq. 1877.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 23
Masters, On the Passifloreae collected by M. Edouard André in Ecuador
and New Granada, Journ. Linn. Soc. 20: 25-44. 1883.
New Passifloreae, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 21: 33-36. 1883.
Notes on certain Passifloreae from western tropical America, Journ.
Bot. Brit. & For. 23: 113-116. 1885.
IS a Lehmannianae .. . Passifloraceae, Bot. Jahrb. 8: 216-220.
7.
Medicus, Malvenfam. 96-99. 1787.
Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8, 1768.
Plukenet, Alm. Bot. 281-283. 1796.
Plumier, Description des plantes de l’Amérique 62-76. pl. 79-90. 1793.
Plantarum Americanarum, ed. Burmann 128-130. pl. 138. 1755.
Pulle, Enum. Pl. Surinam 320, sq. 1906.
Rafinesque, F|. Tellur. 4: 102-104. 1838.
Roemer, M., Synopsis monographica Peponiferarum . .. Passifloracearum,
Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 125-207. 1846.
Smith, J. E., in Rees, Cycl. 26. 1819.
Sodiro, Tasconias Ecuatorianas, Anal. Univ. Quito 18: 333-348, 407-417;
Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 11: 187, 159. 1907.
Standley, Flora of Costa Rica, Field Mus. Bot. 18: 727-733. 1937.
Triana and Planchon, (Prodromus Florae Novo-Granatensis) Ann. Sci. Nat.
V. Bot. 17: 121-186. 1873.
Velloso, Flora Fluminensis, Icones, 9: pl. 70-95. 1827; Textus, Archiv. Mus.
Nac. Rio de Janeiro 5: 376-381. 1881.
Walpers, (Passifloreae) Repert. 2: 218-222. 1843.
SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT
KEY TO GENERA
Stamens 5, in all but 2 species borne on a well developed gynophore;
sepals 5; petals (if present) 5.
Gynophore straight; stamens free from their tips to the gynophore;
OVO oa ean oie Sal ne on pine e te ene 1. Passiflora.
Gynophore curved; stamens united beyond the gynophore, only
Tliei?y LID IYER Bt yee Ao. 655 bey ea wees 2. Tetrastylis.
Stamens 8 or 10, inserted on the floor of the calyx; sepals and petals
4, rarely 5.
Styles distinct to the base; sepals from the first free nearly to the
base, the calyx very small................. 3. Mitostemma.
Styles united below the middle; sepals at first more or less united
below the middle to form a tube, later separating. .4. Dilkea.
1. PASSIFLORA L. Sp. Pl. 955. 1753.
Herbaceous or woody vines, usually climbing by tendrils, rarely
erect herbs, small trees, or shrubs; leaves alternate (in American
species), petiolate, simple or compound, lobed or unlobed, the petiole
often glanduliferous; inflorescence axillary, simple or occasionally
24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
compound; bracts small and dissitate or large and involucrate; flowers —
hermaphrodite (in American species), regular, often highly colored;
calyx tube patelliform, campanulate, funnelform, or cylindric; sepals
5, fleshy or membranous, often dorsally corniculate or aristate just
below the apex; petals 5, membranous, alternate with the sepals,
sometimes wanting; corona of 1 to several series of distinct or more
or less united filaments, rarely tubular; operculum borne within
(or below) the corona, membranous, flat or plicate, entire, lacerate, or
filamentose, rarely wanting; nectar ring an annular ridge within (or
below) the operculum, sometimes wanting; limen borne close to
the base of the gynophore, annular or cupuliform, sometimes wanting;
stamens 5 (in American species), the filaments monadelphous in a
tube closely adnate to the gynophore, distinct above, the free fila-
ments at first erect, at length reflexed, attached to the back of the
anther near its middle; anthers linear, ovate, or oblong, 2-celled;
ovary globose, ovoid, or fusiform, borne on a gynophore, which is
elongate in most species, very short or wanting in a few; styles 3,
distinct, or united at the base, cylindric or clavate; stigmas capitate,
orbicular, or reniform; fruit indehiscent, baccate, globose, ovoid,
or rarely fusiform, containing a mucilaginous pulp; seeds more or
less compressed, reticulate, punctulate, or transversely grooved,
borne on 8 parietal placentae.
Type species: Passiflora incarnata L.
SYNOPSIS OF SUBGENERA
I. Apodogyne Killip, subgen. nov.
Herbaceous vine; petioles minutely biglandular; flowers fascicled,
very small; calyx patelliform; operculum plicate; ovary sessile, terete;
stamens borne on calyx at base of ovary; styles united at the base,
projecting from the center of the top of the ovary; fruit very
small; seeds transversely sulcate, the ridges rugulose. Type: P.
multiflora. No. 1.
II. Astephia Killip, subgen. nov.
Herbaceous vine; petioles glandless; calyx campanulate; petals
clawed at base; corona 1-ranked; operculum and limen none; styles
united at base, projecting from center of top of ovary; seeds trans-
versely sulcate, the ridges rugulose. Type: P. penduliflora. No. 2.
Ill. Tryphostemmatoides (Harms) Killip, stat. nov. Passi-
flora sect. Tryphostemmatoides Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. ed. 2, 21: 500. 1925.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 25
Slender, herbaceous vines; petioles glandless; peduncles 2-
flowered, terminating in a tendril; calyx campanulate; operculum
nonplicate; styles united at the very base, projecting from center
of top of ovary; fruit 6-angled; seeds reticulate. Type: P. trypho-
stemmatoides. Nos. 3, 4.
IV. Deidamioides (Harms) Killip, stat. nov. Passiflora sect.
Decaloba subsect. Deidamioides Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 58.
19238.
Herbaceous vine; petioles 2-4-glandular; leaves trifoliolate;
peduncles 2-flowered, terminating in a tendril; operculum plicate.
Type: P. deidamioides. No. 5.
V. Plectostemma Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 626. 1871;
in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 545. 1872.
Herbaceous vines; peduncles usually 1-flowered, not terminating
in a tendril; calyx patelliform or campanulate; corona filamentose;
operculum plicate; styles united at base, projecting from center of
top of ovary.
Sect. 1. Cieca (Medic.) Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 630. 1871,
in part. Cieca Medic. Malvenfam. 97. 1787. Baldwinia Raf.
Amer. Monthly Mag. 267. 1818. Monactineirma Bory, Ann. Gén.
Soc. Phys. Brux. 2: 188. 1819. Passiflora sect. Cieca DC. Mém.
Soc. Phys. Genéve 1: 435. 1822, in part. Meioperis Raf. Fl. Tellur.
4: 103. 1888.
Petioles with 2 globose, clavate, or patelliform, sessile or stipitate
glands; bracts linear-subulate or setaceous, usually dissitate; petals
often wanting; seeds reticulate. Type: P. viridis (=P. suberosa).
Nos. 6-31.
Sect. 2. Mayapathanthus Killip, sect. nov.
Petioles with 2 scarlike glands; bracts minute, crowded at base
of peduncle; petals present; seeds apparently reticulate. Type:
P. obovata. No. 82.
Sect. 3. Decaloba (DC.) Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 6381.
1871, in part. Asephanathes (Astephananthes) Bory, Ann. Gén.
Soc. Phys. Brux. 2: 138. 1819. Passiflora sect. Decaloba DC. Mém.
Soc. Phys. Genéve 1: 435. 1822, in part. Decaloba M. Roemer,
Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 152. 1846. Passiflora subgen. Plectostemma sect.
Decaloba subsect. Eudecaloba Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1:
548. 1872, in part. Passiflora sect. Decaloba subsect. Eudecaloba
Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3, pt. 6a: 88. 1893, in part.
26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Bracts usually linear-subulate or setaceous, dissitate, rarely
wanting; petioles glandless (in 2 species bearing auricular appendages
near base); petals usually present; seeds transversely sulcate, the
ridges rugulose. Type: P. biflora. Nos. 33-102, in 8 series.
Sect. 4. Xerogona (Raf.) Killip, stat. nov. Xerogona Raf. FI.
Tellur. 4: 108. 1838.
Bracts none; petals present; fruit elongate-obovoid or fusiform,
hexagonal; seeds transversely sulcate, the ridges smooth. Type:
Xerogona biloba (=P. capsularis). Nos. 103-110.
Sect. 5. Pseudodysosmia (Harms) Killip, stat. nov. Ceratose-
palum Oerst. Fl. Cent. Amer. 18. pl. 17. 1868. Passiflora sect.
Decaloba subsect. Pseudodysosmia Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan-
zenfam. ed. 2, 21: 500. 1925.
Petiolar glands long-stipitate; bracts 3, oblong or lanceolate,
verticillate near middle of peduncle, lacerate; petals present; seeds
reticulate. Type: P. adenopoda. No. 111.
Sect. 6. Pseudogranadilla (Harms) Killip, stat. nov. Passi-
flora sect. Decaloba subsect. Pseudogranadilla Harms in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 500. 1925.
Petiolar glands none; bracts 3, foliaceous, verticillate near base
of flowers; petals present; seeds transversely sulcate, the ridges
rugulose. Type: P. pulchella. Nos. 112-117.
Sect. 7. Hahniopathanthus (Harms) Killip, stat. nov. Pass?-
flora sect. Decaloba subsect. Hahniopathanthus Harms in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 500. 1925.
Petiolar glands none; bracts 2 or 3, very large, verticillate or
nearly so, borne near base of flower; petals present; seeds reticulate.
Type: P. Hahnit. Nos. 118-120.
VI. Chloropathanthus (Harms) Killip, stat. nov. Synactila
Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 104. 1838. Passiflora sect. Chloropathanthus
Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 502. 1925.
Herbaceous vines; petioles biglandular; bracts filiform or wanting;
calyx short-cylindric or bowl-shaped; petals none; corona filamentose;
operculum short-tubular, nonplicate; styles united at very base,
projecting from center of top of ovary; seeds reticulate. Type:
P. viridiflora. Nos. 121, 122.
VII. Murucuja (Medic.) Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 626.
1871, in part. Murucuja Medic. Malvenfam. 97. 1787. Murucuja
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 27
sections Pentaria and Decaria DC. Prodr. 3: 333. 1828. Peremis
Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 104. 1838. Pentaria M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn.
2: 187. 1846. Passiflora sect. Murucuja Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI.
1: 811. 1862.
Herbaceous vines; petioles glandless; bracts narrowly linear or
setaceous; calyx bowl-shaped; petals present; corona a tubular or
funnel-shaped membrane, entire or denticulate; styles united at
the very base, projecting from the center of the top of the ovary;
seeds transversely suleate. Type: Murucuja lunata (= P. Murucuja).
Nos. 123-126.
VIII. Pseudomurucuja (Harms) Killip, stat. nov. Pericodia
Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 104. 1888. Psilanthus M. Roemer, Fam. Nat.
Syn. 2: 198. 1846, not DC. Passiflora sect. Pseudomurucuja Harms
in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 501. 1925.
Herbaceous vines; petioles glandless; bracts setaceous; calyx
bowl-shaped, tubular-campanulate, or short-cylindric, shorter than
the sepals; corona filamentose; styles united at very base, projecting
from center of top of ovary; seeds transversely sulcate. Type:
P. perfoliata. Nos. 127-181.
IX. Psilanthus (DC.) Killip, stat. nov. Tacsonia sect. Psilan-
thus DC. Prodr. 3: 355. 1828: Passiflora subgen. Murucuja sect.
Psilanthus Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 626. 1871, in part. Passi-
flora sect. Psilanthus Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3,
pt. 6a: 89. 1893.
Herbaceous vines; petioles glandless; bracts setaceous; calyx
cylindric, elongate, longer than the sepals; corona filamentose;
operculum borne near base of tube, erect; styles united at base;
seeds transversely suleate. Type: Tacsonia trinervia (= P. trinervia).
Nos. 132-135.
X. Adenosepala Killip, subgen. nov.
Woody vine; petioles biglandular near base; bracts lance-linear,
involucrate; calyx urceolate-campanulate; sepals dorsally glandular
near margin; corona a low, fleshy ring, cleft into triangular-denti-
form processes; ovary tapering to the styles, the styles distinct.
Type: P. Ernesti. No. 136.
XI. Tacsoniopsis (Tr. & Planch.) Killip, stat. nov. Passiflora
subgen. T'acsonia sect. Tacsoniopsis Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat.
V. Bot. 17: 127. 1878. Passiflora sect. Tacsoniopsis Harms in Engl.
& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3, pt. 6a: 91. 1893.
28 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Herbaceous vine; bracts foliaceous; calyx cylindric-funnel-shaped;
sepals united above the throat of the tube for about half their length,
the petals borne at the base of these lobes; corona minute; ovary
tapering to the styles, the styles distinct; operculum dependent;
fruit covered with long tubercles. Type: P. bracteosa. No. 137.
XII. Rathea (Karst.) Killip, stat. nov. Rathea Karst. FI.
Colomb. 1: 77. pl. 38. 1858-1861. Tacsonia sect. Rathea Mast.
Journ. Linn. Soc. 20: 26. 1883. Passiflora sect. Rathea Harms in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3, pt. 6a: 91. 1893.
Herbaceous vine; petioles minutely glandular; bracts foliaceous;
calyx cylindric; petals inserted at the middle of the tube below the
sepals; corona none; ovary tapering to the styles, the styles distinct;
fruit smooth; seeds smooth toward margin, obscurely transverse-
suleate at center of face. Type: Rathea floribunda (=P. andina).
No. 138.
XIII. Tacsonia (Juss.) Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17:
126. 1878. Tacsonia Juss. Gen. Pl. 398. 1789. Tacsonia sect. Eutac-
sonia DC. Prodr. 3: 333. 1828, in part. Tacsonia sect. Bracteogama
DC. Prodr. 3: 384. 1828, in part. Poggendorffia Karst. Linnaea 28:
438. 1856. Passiflora sect. Tacsonia ser. Bolivianae, Pinnatistipulae,
Insignes, Eutacsoniae, and Parritanae Harms in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 506. 1925.
Herbaceous or subligneous vines; petioles usually glandular,
the glands often very small; bracts large, free, or connate part way;
flowers showy, usually purple or red; calyx cylindric, much longer
than the sepals (shorter in 1 species), the petals inserted at its margin;
corona 1-2-ranked, often reduced to tubercles; operculum dependent;
ovary usually tapering gradually or subabruptly to the styles, the
styles distinct; seeds, so far as known, finely reticulate. Type: P.
longiflora (=P. mixta). Nos. 189-174.
XIV. Granadillastrum (Tr. & Planch.) Killip, stat. nov.
Odostelma Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 104. 1838. Passzflora subgen. Tacsonia
sect. Granadillastrum Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17: 127.
1873. Passiflora subgen. Tacsonia sect. Poggendorffia Tr. & Planch.
V. Bot. 17: 189. 1878, in greater part. Passiflora sect. Granadil-
lastrum Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 504. 1925.
Passiflora sect. Tacsonia ser. Manicatae Harms in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 505. 1925.
Herbaceous vines; bracts large, involucrate, free, or connate
below middle; calyx urceolate-campanulate to short-cylindric, shorter
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 29
than the sepals; corona in 3 or more series, each series free to the
base, at least the outer series filamentose; operculum dependent;
ovary tapering to the styles, the styles distinct. Type: P. semiciliosa.
Nos. 175-180.
XV. Distephana (Juss.) Killip, stat. nov. Distephana Juss. Ann.
Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 396. 1805. Tacsonia sect. Distephana DC. Prodr.
8: 335. 1828. Macrophora Raf. FI. Tellur. 4: 108. 1888. Passiflora
subgen. Tacsonia sect. Distephana Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V.
Bot. 17: 127. 1873. Passiflora sect. Distephana Harms in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 504. 1925.
Herbaceous or usually woody vines; bracts verticillate, glandu-
lar at margin, highly variable in size and shape; calyx short-cylindric,
rarely campanulate, shorter than the sepals; corona in 2 or 3 series,
the inner a fimbriate, tubular membrane; operculum dependent;
ovary subtrigonous, tapering to the styles, the styles distinct to base
or slightly united at the very base, sometimes the ovary subtruncate
and the styles projecting from the top of the angles, thus similar to
Astrophea. Type: Tacsonia glandulosa (= P. glandulosa). Nos.
181-188.
XVI. Calopathanthus (Harms) Killip, stat. nov. Passiflora
sect. Calopathanthus Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2,
21: 504. 1925.
Herbaceous vine; inflorescence pseudoracemose; bracts and
bractlets setaceous; calyx short-cylindric; corona filamentose to
base, 3-ranked; operculum suberect, tubular; ovary tapering to the
styles, the styles distinct. Type: P. racemosa. No. 189.
XVII. Tacsonioides (DC.) Killip, stat. nov. Passiflora sect.
Tacsonioides DC. Prodr. 3: 330. 1828. Erndelia Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4:
104. 1838, not Necker. Passiflora sect. Tacsonioides ser. Umbilicatae
Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 506. 1925. Type:
P. reflexiflora. Nos. 190-194.
Herbaceous vines; bracts involucrate, free; calyx narrowly
cylindric, subequal to the sepals; corona short-filamentose, 2—5-
ranked; operculum erect; ovary usually tapering to the styles, the
styles distinct.
XVIII. Granadilla (Medic.) Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 635.
1871. Granadilla Medic. Malvenfam. 96. 1787, in part. Anthactinia
Bory, Ann. Gén. Soc. Phys. Brux. 2: 189. 1819. -Passiflora sect.
Granadilla DC. Mém. Soe. Phys. Genéve 1: 435. 1822.
30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Herbaceous, rarely woody vines; bracts entire or serrulate,
usually large and involucrate; flowers generally large and highly
colored; calyx campanulate, rarely short-tubular, shorter than the
sepals; corona variable, 3—-several-ranked in all but a few species,
the filaments often variegated; operculum incurved, erect at margin,
rarely erect throughout; ovary narrowed to the styles, or the styles
arising at center of top of ovary, free, or united at the very base;
fruit often very large. Type: P. caerulea. Nos. 195-290, in 15 series.
XIX. Dysosmia (DC.) Killip, stat. nov. Passzflora sect.
Dysosmia DC. Mém. Soe. Phys. Genéve I: 486. 1822. Tripsilina
Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 103. 1838. Dysosmia M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn.
2: 149. 1846. Passiflora subgen. Plectostemma sect. Dysosmia Mast.
Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 631. 1871, in part. Passzflora sect. Dysosmia
Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 810. 1862.
Herbaceous vines, occasionally low shrubs; stipules deeply cleft
into filiform, usually gland-tipped segments, the uncut part merely a
narrow band about the stem; petioles without true glands though
often bearing gland-tipped hairs; bracts pinnatisect to tripinnatisect,
the segments usually gland-tipped; flowers medium-sized; calyx
campanulate; corona 4-5-ranked; operculum erect, denticulate;
styles united at the very base, projecting from center of top of ovary;
seeds reticulate. Type: P. hibiscifolia (= P. foetida var. hibiscifolia).
Nos. 291-801.
XX. Dysosmioides Killip, subgen. nov. Passiflora subgen.
Plectostemma sect. Dysosmia Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 631. 1871,
in part.
Herbaceous vines; petioles without true glands though often
bearing gland-tipped hairs; stipules ovate or semi-ovate, denticu-
late to lacerate-dentate; bracts lacerate-dentate or laciniate; calyx
campanulate; corona 3-ranked; operculum filamentose; styles free
to base, projecting from center of top of ovary. Type: P. villosa.
Nos. 302-306.
XXI. Polyanthea (DC.) Killip, stat. nov. Passiflora sect.
Polyanthea DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve 1: 485. 1822; Prodr. 3:
322. 1828, in part. Passiflora subgen. Plectostemma sect. Decaloba
subsect. Polyanthea Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 548. 1872, in
part. Passiflora sect. Decaloba subsect. Polyanthea Harms in Engl.
& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3, pt. 6a: 88.1893, in part; ed. 2, 21: 499. 1925.
Woody vine; leaves compound; peduncles 2-flowered, terminating
in a tendril; calyx broadly campanulate; corona 3-ranked, the outer-
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 81
most filaments verrucose or filamentose along the margin; operculum
plicate; ovary trigonous, truncate, the styles projecting from the top
of its angles, the stigmas very large. Type: P. cirrhiflora. No. 307.
XXII. Astrophea (DC.) Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 629. 1871.
Passiflora sect. Astrophea DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve 1: 435. 1822.
Astrophea Reichenb. Consp. 132. 1828.
Trees, shrubs, or woody vines; tendrils often reduced to spines
or wanting; petiolar glands scarlike if present; leaves simple; corona
filaments short; operculum erect, subentire or usually more or less
deeply cleft; ovary trigonous, broadly truncate, the styles projecting
from the top of its angles.
Sect. 1. Dolichostemma Killip, sect. nov.
Plants scandent or arborescent; tendrils axillary, weak or wanting;
calyx campanulate; corona 5-ranked; operculum long-tubular,
exserted. Type: P. Haughtti. Nos. 308, 309.
Sect. 2. Cirrhipes Killip, sect. nov.
Woody vine; peduncles terminating in a tendril; calyx cylindric-
campanulate; corona 3-ranked; operculum short, fimbriate halfway.
Type: P. cirrhipes. No. 310.
Sect. 3. Euastrophea (Harms) Killip, stat. nov. Passiflora
sect. Astrophea subsect. Euastrophea Harms in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 498. 1925.
Trees or shrubs, usually without tendrils; peduncles solitary or
in pairs, usually dichotomous, ecirrhose; calyx campanulate or short-
tubular, shorter than the sepals; corona 2-3-ranked. Type: P.
arborea. Nos. 311-825.
Sect. 4. Leptopoda Killip, sect. nov.
Seandent shrub, apparently without tendrils; inflorescence
racemose, the pedicels divaricate or pendulous; calyx short-cylindric;
corona in several ranks, all but the outer one consisting of numerous
plumose, reflexed filaments; operculum entire. Type: P. leptopoda.
No. 326.
Sect. 5. Pseudoastrophea (Harms) Killip, stat. nov. Passi-
flora sect. Astrophea subsect. Pseudoastrophea Harms in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 498. 1925.
Scandent shrubs or woody vines; peduncles solitary or.in pairs,
simple, short; calyx campanulate to cylindric-campanulate or funnel-
32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VoL. XIX
shaped, shorter than the sepals; corona not plumose. Type: FP;
Mansii. Nos. 327-348.
Sect. 6. Botryastrophea (Harms) Killip, stat. nov. Passiflora
sect. Astrophea subsect. Botryastrophea Harms in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 498. 1925.
Scandent shrubs or woody vines (1 species a shrub or small tree);
flowers in racemes, pseudoracemes, or dense fascicles; calyx cylin-
dric, longer than the sepals; corona not ia Type: P. spicata.
Nos. 344-854.
KEY TO SUBCENERA.
Ovary sessile; flowers not more than 1.5 cm. wide (southern Florida
and the West Indies; Costa Rica?)............. I. Apodogyne.
Ovary borne on a gynophore (sometimes sessile in ‘P. apoda); flowers
usually larger.
Operculum none; petals clawed at base (Cuba and Jamaica).
II. Astephia.
Operculum present; petals not clawed.
A. Ovary terete or subangular, not definitely 3-angled, acute or
rounded, the styles projecting from center of top of ovary
and often united at the base, or the ovary tapering to the
styles, the styles free to base; herbaceous or woody vines
(low shrubs in a few species of Dysosmia).
Peduncles terminating in a tendril, 2-flowered.
Flowers less than 3 cm. wide; operculum not plicate (Pa-
nama to Bcuador)........:.: III. Tryphostemmatoides.
Flowers more than 3 cm. wide; operculum plicate (Brazil).
IV. Deidamioides.
Peduncles not terminating in a tendril, 1 (rarely 2-several)-—
flowered. .
Operculum plicate; bracts (if present) linear-subulate or se-
taceous, not involucrate (broader and usually involu-
crate in sections 5-7 of Plectostemma; broader in
Granadilla, series Kermesinae).
Flowers usually small and not highly colored; corona 1-2-
ranked (except in P. pulchella); operculum without
a row of filaments upon its outside. .V. Plectostemma.
Flowers usually more than 5 em. wide, highly colored; co-
rona in more than 2 series; operculum with row of fila-
ments outside. XVIII. Granadilla, series Kermesinae.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 33
Operculum not plicate, of various forms; bracts setaceous
or foliaceous, scattered along the peduncle or involu-
crate.
Bracts setaceous, scattered along the peduncle.
Petals none; petioles biglandular; seeds reticulate
(Mexico; Jamaica)......... VI. Chloropathanthus.
Petals present; petioles glandless; seeds transversely
sulcate.
Corona tubular or funnel-shaped, at most denticu-
late (West Indies).......... VII. Murucuja.
Corona filamentose, the filaments sometimes united
toward the base.
Calyx bowl-shaped or tubular-campanulate (often
cylindric in P. oblongata), less than 2 cm. long,
shorter than the sepals; plants glabrous
(West Indies)....... VIII. Pseudomurucuja.
Calyx cylindric, more than 2 cm. long, equaling
or longer than the sepals; plants glabrous or
pubescent (calyx sometimes less than 2 cm.
long and shorter than the sepals in P. san-
guinolenta; Colombia and Ecuador).
IX. Psilanthus.
Bracts predominantly verticillate, forming an involucre
at the base of the flower, usually large and foliaceous.
Sepals dorsally glandular at the margin; corona a low,
fleshy ring, cleft into triangular-dentiform proces-
ses (Amazonian Brazil)......... .X. Adenosepala.
Sepals not glandular (except in P. setacea); corona
other than above.
B. Operculum dependent, the margin not recurved;
calyx tube usually long-cylindric.
Corona 1-2-ranked, tuberculate (filamentose in a
few species); calyx tube elongate, longer than
the sepals, but shorter than the sepals in P.
insignis (Andes).
Sepals united above the throat of the tube for half
their length, the petals inserted at the base
QD tae MIDOE 66 ices eas XI. Tacsoniopsis.
Sepals free to the throat of the calyx tube.
34 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Petals inserted at the middle of the tube,
below the sepals........... XII. Rathea.
Petals inserted at the throat of the tube.
XIII. Tacsonia.
Corona in more than 2 ranks (if 2-ranked then the
inner rank tubular), at least the outer rank
filamentose; calyx tube urceolate-campanu-
late to short-cylindric, shorter than the sepals.
Corona filaments of each rank distinct to base;
leaves 3-lobed or 3-sect.
XIV. Granadillastrum.
Corona filaments of inner rank united part way
into a tubular membrane; leaves entire or
3-lobed. Flowers scarlet..XV. Distephana.
B. Opereulum erect or horizontally spreading, not
dependent.
Flowers in long racemes; bractlets setaceous, soon
deciduous. <.c 226. 185 se XVI. Calopathanthus.
Flowers solitary or in pairs in the leaf axils; bracts
usually foliaceous and persistent.
Calyx tube narrowly cylindric, about as long as
the sepale: 6250755 XVII. Tacsonioides.
Calyx tube campanulate or rarely short-
tubular, much shorter than the sepals.
Bracts entire or serrulate (pectinate in P.
pedata), forming an involucre near the
base of the flower....X VIII. Granadilla.
Bracts lacerate-dentate to bipinnatisect, the
ultimate divisions usually gland-tipped.
Stipules deeply cleft into filiform, or
occasionally pinnatisect divisions, the
uncut portion merely a narrow band
about the stem; bracts pinnatisect to
tripinnatisect; operculum denticulate.
XIX. Dysosmia.
Stipules denticulate to lacerate-dentate, the
uncut portion ovate or semi-ovate;
bracts lacerate-dentate or laciniate;
operculum filamentose (Brazil).
XX. Dysosmioides.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 35
A. Ovary 3-angled, broadly truncate at apex, the styles project-
ing from the top of the angles; outer corona filaments often
verrucose; trees, shrubs, or woody vines.
Leaves compound; stigmas about 5 mm. in diameter; pedun-
cles terminating in a tendril (Guianas; Brazil).
XXI. Polyanthea.
Leaves simple; stigmas smaller; peduncles not terminating
in a tendril (except in P. cirrhipes)...X XII. Astrophea.
Subgenus 1. Apodogyne
eT A a a I oe SE nT EOP 1. P. multiflora.
Subgenus II. Astephia
SC MOOIOR 52 oak ee aeek Va ba eke 2. P. penduliflora.
Subgenus III. Tryphostemmatoides
Peduncles less than 1.5 em. long; leaves transversely ovate, broader
SEO IONE conc o e hae ite ce eee 3. P. tryphostemmatoides.
Peduncles more than 1.5 cm. long; leaves oblong-ovate to suborbic-
ular, Jonger than: broad: ig f4 Gees sate eke 4. P. gracillima.
Subgenus IV. Deidamioides
Tn ES Sp an PEN Oe Ne oer ee 5. P. deidamioides.
Subgenus V. Plectostemma
KEY TO SECTIONS
Bracts linear-subulate or setaceous, less than 6 mm. long, not
involucrate, sometimes wanting (narrowly ovate to oblanceolate
in P. pilosa).
Petiolar glands present; seeds reticulate.
Bracts usually dissitate along the peduncle, more than 1 mm.
long; petiolar glands globose, clavate, or patelliform, sessile
OR SUID og ved oa oak ged eR Section 1. Cieca.
Bracts crowded at base of peduncle, less than 1 mm. long;
petiolar glands scarlike (British Honduras).
Section 2. Mayapathanthus.
Petiolar glands none (petioles with auricular appendages near base
in P. auriculata and P. ferruginea).
Seeds with rugulose, transverse ridges; bracts present (absent
in three species); fruit prevailingly globose or ovoid.
Section 3. Decaloba.
386 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Seeds with smooth, transverse ridges; bracts none; fruit pre-
vailingly elongate-obovoid or fusiform.
Section 4. Xerogona.
Bracts lanceolate to orbicular-cordate, involucrate, usually purplish
or pinkish.
Petiolar glands orbicular, long-stipitate; bracts lanceolate or
oblong, verticillate near middle of peduncle, lacerate.
Section 5. Pseudodysosmia.
Petiolar glands none; bracts obovate to orbicular-cordate, involu-
crate, entire (lacerate in P. rugosissima).
Seeds transversely sulcate; stipules linear or linear-subulate
(cordate in P. porphyretica); bracts 3, less than 2 cm. long.
Section 6. Pseudogranadilla.
Seeds reticulate; stipules reniform; bracts usually 2, more than
AEC 1 SAL | Re Ne ea Section 7. Hahniopathanthus.
Subgenus V. Plectostemma, Section 1. Cieca
A. Petals none.
Stipules narrowly linear or setaceous.
Petiolar glands sessile, more than 0.5 mm. in diameter; leaves
much broader than long (subrotund in P. clypeophylia).
Leaves distinctly peltate, their lobes, if present, triangular-
ovate.
Peduncles less than 1.5 cm. long; ovary ovoid; leaves trans-
versely oblong-elliptic (rarely 3-lobed), coriaceous,
PIOGN HENGAER beck aches Ohad Ewes 6. P. coriacea.
Peduncles more than 1.5 em. long; ovary globose; leaves
subrotund, submembranous, glaucous beneath.
7. P. clypeophylla.
Leaves not peltate, their lobes prevailingly linear (south-
western United States and northern Mexico).
8. P. tenuiloba.
Petiolar glands usually pediceled and less than 0.5 mm. in
diameter; leaves usually longer than broad.
Glands borne at or above middle of petiole; fruit globose or
ovoid; leaves entire or 3-lobed, polymorphic, green
DOV ORI 62:55: okdrs cue eve bain antes as os 9. P. suberosa.
Glands borne below middle of petiole; fruit ellipsoidal; leaves
3-lobed to middle, glaucous beneath...... 10. P. gracilis.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE ; 37
Stipules ovate (Guatemala).................... 11. P. trinifolia.
A. Petals present.
Peduncles more than 1-flowered, rarely the lower 1-flowered in
P. holosericea.
Outer corona filaments lanceolate; petals mottled with red
WH ee Gs ere es 12. P. holosericea.
Outer corona filaments filiform; petals not mottled with red
within (Colombia and Ecuador).
Gynophore well developed; sepals narrowly lanceolate.
13. P. Sodiroi.
Gynophore very short or wanting; sepals broadly ovate.
14. P. apoda.
Peduncles 1-flowered.
B. Corona 1-ranked; leaves membranous, dull above; stipules
semi-ovate (linear or setaceous in four species).
C. Glands borne on upper third of petiole.
Leaves not lobed, oblong-ovate, acuminate (Costa Rica).
15. P. dioscoreaefolia.
Leaves 3-—5-lobed.
Bracts ovate to oblanceolate, more than 1 mm. wide
CBROXIOO grein te ae ee 16. P. pilosa
Bracts linear or setaceous, not more than 1 mm. wide.
Leaves entire at margin, truncate at base, 3-lobed one-
third their length; stipules setaceous (Venezuela).
. 17. P. stellata.
Leaves usually toothed, cordate at base, lobed at least
to middle; stipules usually semi-ovate.
Ovary densely pubescent; seeds not strongly flat-
tened, nearly 2 mm. thick (Brazil to Argentina;
rare elsewhere).
Leaves lobed about to middle, the central lobe
lance-deltoid, not narrowed at base.
18. P. Warmingii.
Leaves lobed about two-thirds their length, the
central lobe ovate, usually narrowed at base.
19. P. morifolia.
Ovary glabrous; seeds usually strongly flattened, less
than 2 mm. thick (southwestern United States
and Mexico).
38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Stem and leaves densely hirtellous; leaves sub-
entire or shallowly and irregularly dentate or
denticulate, 3-lobed with the basal lobes
usually bilobate, the middle lobe somewhat
narrowed at base.
Petals linear or linear-lanceolate, 5 mm. long
or less; stipules semi-ovate; tendrils well
developed............. 20. P. bryonioides.
Petals oblong-lanceolate, more than 5 mm. long;
stipules linear-faltate; tendrils weak or
often wanting......... 21. P. Karwinskit.
Stem and leaves glabrate or very finely pilosulous;
leaves regularly sinuate-dentate, strictly 3-
lobed, the middle lobe not narrowed at base.
. 22. P. colimensis.
C. Glands borne below upper third of petiole.
Stipules narrowly linear or setaceous; plants glabrous.
Bracts setaceous, borne above middle of peduncle;
petiolar glands about 0.5 mm. in diameter (Costa
PCR) a eri at ee eee 23. P. pediculata.
Bracts narrowly linear, often 1-2-toothed, scattered
along peduncle; petiolar glands about 1 mm. in
diameter (northern Mexico)..... 24. P. quercetorum.
Stipules semi-ovate or subreniform; plants usually pu-
bescent (Mexico and Guatemala).
Lobes of leaves acute or acuminate; stipe of fruit 1.5 em.
or more long.
Bracts setaceous; leaves about as broad as long, sub-
OH oh oe rev ees ore aye 25. P. sicyoides.
Bracts semi-ovate, irregularly lobate; leaves longer than
broad, lower lobes reduced. . .26. P. dolichocarpa.
Lobes of leaves obtuse, rarely subacute; stipe of fruit
less than 1.5 cm. long.
Stalks of petiolar glands more than 6 mm. long, very
BOE, tet ea arb alee aces 27. P. podadenia.
Stalks of petiolar glands less than 5 mm. long, coarser.
28. P. exsudans.
B. Corona 2-3-ranked ; leaves coriaceous, lustrous above; stipules
setaceous.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 39
Petiolar glands 1 mm. in diameter; leaves membranous, in-
conspicuously reticulate-veined (Brazil) .29. P. truncata.
Petiolar glands less than 1 mm. in diameter; leaves coria-
ceous, strongly reticulate-veined.
Leaves densely pilosulous beneath; middle Jeaf lobe Jess
than half as long as lateral lobes (Bolivia).
30. P. exoperculata.
Leaves glabrous or sparingly pubescent beneath; middle
lobe more than half as long as lateral lobes (Peru).
31. P. Lobbii.
Subgenus V. Plectostemma, Section 2. Mayapathanthus
NON 8 oo ee Ric Ra sg eh A eae leah ves 32. P. obovata.
Subgenus V. Plectostemma, Section 3. Decaloba
KEY TO SERIES
Petioles with auricular appendages at middle or near base; Jeaves
ovate-lanceolate, entire or with 2 reduced lateral lobes.
Series 1. Awriculatae.
Petioles without appendages; leaves variously lobed, entire in P.
quadrifolia.
Leaves lobed nearly to base or pedately 3-parted, the segments
usually lobulate (West Indies)....... Series 2. Heterophyllae.
Leaves entire to deeply lobed, but the lobes not lobulate, the
leaves never pedately parted.
Peduncles more than 1-flowered, rarely 1-flowered in P. sexflora.
Series 3. Sexflorae.
Peduncles 1-flowered.
POtRIA RONG 6 ons ee Me ei Series 4. Apetalae.
Petals present.
Bracts none; peduncles very slender; leaves broader than
long, 3-lobed, the lobes usually obtuse Series 5. Luteae.
Bracts present though often early deciduous.
Corona: L-ranked ::35.2.054.64.$50 600454 Series 6. Organenses.
Corona 2-ranked.
Inner corona filaments linear, broadly dilated at apex
and often lobulate............. Series 7. Miserae.
Inner corona filaments filiform or capillary, rarely
minutely capitellate.......... Series 8. Punctatae.
40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Series 1. Auriculatae
Plant glabrous to cinereous-pubescent; fruit globose, not more than
LG ena in, draneepen, oust a .388. P. auriculata.
Plant ferruginous-tomentose; fruit broadly ovoid, more than 1.5
em. in diameter (Perta).0.5 060000 80K ees 34. P. ferruginea.
Series 2. Heterophyllae
Plant glabrous; segments of leaves petiolulate...35. P. Berteriana.
Plant hirsutulous; segments of leaves not petiolulate.
36. P. heterophylla.
Series 3. Sexflorae
Leaves not lobed, narrowly elliptic-oblong (Peru). .37. P. quadriflora.
Leaves lunately or truncately lobed, broader than long.
Plant densely pubescent; leaves 3-lobed; peduncles stout, usually
more that: D-TOWeTOR 64.666 ks. ss ie cas 38. P. sexflora.
Plant glabrous; leaves bilobed; peduncles very slender, 2- or 3-
flowered.
Corona 1-ranked; leaf lobes only slightly divergent (Guate-
WAI ia g cece hte costae ae ten Sa eaa we 39. P. allantophylla.
Corona 2-ranked; leaf lobes strongly divergent, the blade there-
fore transversely oblong (Brazil).......... 40. P. saxicola.
Series 4. Apetalae
Leaves longer than broad, deeply bilobed; sepals lanceolate, less than
5 mm. wide (Costa Rica and Panama)........... 41. P. apetala.
Leaves broader than long, repand-truncate at upper margin; sepals
broadly ovate, about 1 cm. wide (Peru)...... 42. P. Poeppigit.
Series 5. Luteae
Outer corona filaments narrowly linear (United States) .43. P. lutea.
Outer corona filaments filiform.
Stem, older leaves (at least), and ovary glabrous; leaves very thin,
the venation inconspicuous................... 44. P. filipes.
Stem, leaves, and ovary pubescent; leaves thicker, the venation
CONBDICIOUE. Vo Singita Re aiacha eC Sece is 45. P. Pavonis.
Series 6. Organenses
Operculum slightly plicate at apex, erect.
Stem and petioles glabrous; leaves lobed to below middle; flowers
pink: lalwetot) «ics space ses 46. P. salvadorensis.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 41
Stem and petioles puberulent; leaves lobed one-third their length;
flowers orange (Mexico).................. 47. P. jorullensis.
Operculum plicate throughout, usually incurved.
Corona filaments linear-clavate, not more than 2 mm. long; leaves
bilobed to below middle, the lobes suberect (Central America).
48. P. ornithoura.
Corona filaments filiform, ligulate, or dolabriform, more than 2 mm.
long.
Corona filaments filiform or ligulate, less than 1 mm. wide
COA ORION soos oc ans Mara oe ee SCE 49. P. Dictamo.
Corona filaments dolabriform, more than 1 mm. wide.
Leaves nearly as broad as long, shallowly 2-3-lobed at apex
(Mexico and Guatemala)............... 50. P. Helleri.
Leaves much broader than long.
Sepals linear, more than 2 cm. long; gynophore very
slender, more than 1.5 cm. long (West Indies).
51. P. stenosepala.
Sepals oblong-lanceolate, not more than 2 cm. long (Brazil).
52. P. organensis.
Series 7. Miserae
Ovary densely cano-tomentose (Peru)............ 53. P. leptoclada.
Ovary glabrous.
Leaves 2-lobed, the lobes widely divergent (hence Jeaves trans-
versely oblong), occasionally a small intermediate lobe present.
Fruit globose.......... a ee ae eee 54. P. misera.
bpp IT 1 Cc 9 1: ee ae ae 55. P. amalocarpa.
Leaves 3-lobed, the lobes ascending, subequal or the middle the
longest. Occasionally in P. tricuspis the middle lobe is want-
ing, the sinus being lunate (South America).
Leaves coriaceous or subcoriaceous, lustrous above, green
DOMOBEN Sy oc ck os cheba tae ea Seeds oe pes 56. P. tricuspis.
Leaves membranous, dull above and conspicuously fasciate
along nerves, reddish beneath.......... 57. P. trifasciata.
Series 8. Punctatae
Outer corona filaments united near base into a prominent mem-
brane, the inner filaments arising from this membrane at a
distance of about 2 mm. from the free outer filaments.
42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Peduncles less than 2 cm. long; leaves coriaceous, the lobes wide-
spreading (Trinidad and Guianas)........ 58. P. vespertilio.
Peduncles more than 2 em. long; leaves submembranous, the lobes
suberect (Bolivia to northwest Argentina). .59. P. urnaefolia.
Outer corona filaments not united into a prominent membrane, the
inner filaments arising close to the outer.
Limen none (Trinidad, northern South America). .60. P. tuberosa.
Limen present. ;
A. Leaves longer than broad, prevailingly oblong in general
outline, subentire or 3-lobed with the central lobe equaling —
or exceeding the lateral lobes; if 2-lobed, the depth of the
sinus not half the length of the blade; general outline cunei-
form in P. magdalenae, suborbicular in P. panamensis and
P. Candollet.
Calyx densely white-tomentose within; leaves thick-coria-
ceous, very lustrous above (Costa Rica).
61. P. lancearia.
Calyx glabrous within; leaves subcoriaceous, dull or sub-
lustrous above.
Leaves cuneiform or suborbicular in general outline, the
lobes subequal, or the lateral only slightly shorter
than the middle one.
Fruit less than 1 cm. in diameter; leaves cuneate, the
lobes rounded or truncate (Colombia).
62. P. magdalenae.
Fruit about 2 cm. in diameter; leaves rounded at base,
the lobes acute or subobtuse (Panama).
63. P. panamensis.
Leaves lance-oblong or ovate-oblong.
B. Lateral leaf lobes shorter than the central lobe,
sometimes wanting and, hence, the leaves entire.
Peduncles slender, much exceeding the petioles; plant
glabrescent or finely appressed-pubescent.
64. P. cuspidifolia.
Peduncles stouter, shorter than the petioles; plant
densely and softly pubescent or pilose.
Outer corona filaments fusiform or liguliform; plant
densely and softly pubescent with short hairs.
65. P. mollis.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 43
Outer corona filaments linear-lanceolate; plant
densely pilose......... 66. P. pilosissima.
B. Lateral leaf lobes usually much exceeding the
central lobe.
Outer corona filaments abruptly dilated into a
flat-capitate apex (Colombia and Venezuela).
67. P. bogotensis.
Outer corona filaments not abruptly dilated into
a flat-capitate apex.
Outer corona filaments abruptly and strongly
dilated in upper third, then tapering to a
filiform apex (Colombia). .68. P. alnifolia.
Outer corona filaments not as above but of
variable form, linear, liguliform, or fusiform.
C. Lobes of leaves obtuse (sometimes mu-
cronulate), or the leaves suborbicular.
’ Flowers at least 1.5 em. wide; peduncles
more than 1.5 em. long.
Outer corona filaments narrowly liguli-
form, not dilated; leaves broadly
truncate or cordulate at base; plant
more or less pubescent.
Bracts entire; calyx tube not more than
6 mm. wide at base; petals ovate-
lanceolate (Colombia and Ecua-
GOR) 6 seg oe bx 69. P. bauhinifolia.
Bracts 2-3-cleft; calyx tube more than
6 mm. wide at base; petals nar-
rowly linear (Bolivia).
70. P. Tatei.
Outer corona filaments trigonous, usually
dilated near middle; leaves rounded
at base; plant usually glabrous, or
nearly so (Venezuela and Colombia).
71. P. cuneata.
Flowers not more than 1.5 em. wide;
peduncles less than 2 em. long (Haiti).
91. P. Ekmanii.
C. Lobes of leaves acute.
44 FIELD Museum OF NATURAL HistoRY—BotTany, VoL. XIX
Leaves puberulent above, densely tomentel-
lous beneath, drying reddish; flowers
borne on short, axillary branches
(Venezuela)............. 12._P. lyra.
Leaves glabrous, finely puberulent, or
canescent.
Middle leaf lobe longer than the lateral
lobes; ovary densely tomentellous
(Costa Rica). .73. P. talamancensis.
| Middle leaf lobe, if present, much re-
duced; ovary glabrous or pilose
(South America). ~
Leaves narrowest above middle, the
lobes erect (Colombia and
Ecuador).
Ovary glabrous; leaves glaucous
beneath; limen cushion-like.
74. P. popayanensis.
Ovary pubescent; leaves green be-
neath; limen narrowly annular.
Outer corona filaments slightly
dilated at base, tapering to
apex; length along lateral
nerves of leaves at least
twice as great as width of
leaves; peduncles not more
than 2.5 cm. long.
~Stem glabrous, scabrid; outer
filaments about 1 cm. long.
75. P. chelidonea.
Stem pilosulous, smooth; outer
filaments less than 8 mm.
long...76. P. tribolophylia.
Outer corona filaments conspicu-
ously dilated at and above
middle; length along lateral
nerves of leaves less than
twice as great as width of
leaves; peduncles more than
2.5 em. long...77. P. Dawet.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 45
Leaves broadest above middle, the
lobes somewhat divergent.
Outer corona filaments liguliform,
not 3-angled; leaves cuneate at
base, longer than broad.
78. P. ichthyura.
Outer corona filaments 3-angled;
leaves rounded or subtruncate
" at base:...... 79. P. Candollei.
A. Leaves broader than long or, if longer than broad, pre-
dominantly 2-lobed, the depth of the sinus at least half the
length of the blade.
Outer corona filaments conspicuously dilated at or above
middle, less than half as long as the sepals, usually 3-
angled.
Gynophore 1 to 1.2 cm. long; outer corona filaments
straight; peduncles solitary (Yucatan).
| 80. P. yucatanensis.
Gynophore less than 8 mm. long; outer corona filaments
strongly faleate or dolabriform; peduncles solitary or
in pairs.
Peduncles more than 3.5 cm. long, usually solitary; ovary
ellipsoidal (Panama to Peru)....... 81. P. punctata.
Peduncles not more than 3.5 em. long, in pairs; ovary
globose or ovoid.
Outer corona filaments dilated near middle, yellow;
sepals and petals ovate-lanceolate (Mexico to
WENGTUCIS) 0. sac convene res eee es 82. P. biflora.
Outer corona filaments dilated at apex, purplish(?);
sepals and petals linear(Brazil) .88. P. glaucescens.
Outer corona filaments filiform or liguliform, not dilated,
terete or flat, scarcely angled, usually more than half as
long as the sepals.
B. Lobes of leaves narrowly linear (or oblong in P.
nipensis), rarely as much as 5 mm. wide, attenuate at
apex (Cuba and Haiti).
Operculum incised-dentate, the teeth triangular; stipules
more than 3 mm. long; bracts borne below middle of
peduncle (Haiti)................. 84. P. anadenia.
46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Operculum subentire, minutely papillose; stipules not
more than 3 mm. long; bracts borne near apex of
peduncle (Cuba).
Leaf lobes linear, 3 cm. or more long, less than 2.5 mm.
wide; sepals less than 1.5 em. long.85. P. stenoloba.
Leaf lobes narrowly oblong or lance-oblong, less than
3 cm. long, 2.5 to 5 mm. wide; sepals 1.5 cm. or
WiONO ONG ooh rp oS iv ertas 86. P. nipensis.
B. Lobes of leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, more than
5 mm. wide, if linear, then abruptly dilated at apex.
C. Flowers not more than 2.5 cm. wide.
Bracts linear-subulate, congested at base of peduncle;
leaves deeply bilobed, the intermediate lobe, if
present, reduced to a mere cusp (Puerto Rico and
Hispaniola).
Leaves lobed to below middle, the lobes usually
emarginate and broadest at apex; flowers borne
On malty stem. oo 87. P. bilobata.
Leaves lobed only to middle, the lobes rounded at
apex, broadest toward base; flowers borne on
short, leafless branchlets........88. P. bicrura.
Bracts setaceous, scattered along peduncle; leaves sub-
truncately 2-8-lobed or deeply 3-lobed.
Peduncles solitary; ovary narrowly ellipsoidal (Peru).
89. P. tenella.
Peduncles usually in pairs; ovary globose or ovoid.
Fruit ovoid or obovoid; leaves membranous, dry-
ing purple-red (Colombia) .90. P. erythrophylla.
Fruit globose; leaves subcoriaceous or mem-
branous, drying green.
Leaves densely villosulous beneath, the middle
lobe reduced, the lateral lobes ascending
PRIS as 5, ca orteed oe eats 91. P. Ekmanit.
s Leaves essentially glabrous, the middle lobe
; equaling or exceeding the lateral lobes, the
latter usually divaricate.
Operculum densely and minutely fimbrillate;
lobes of leaves acute or subacute (Co-
LOMDIA) 0, isa. eles 92. P. micrantha.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 47
Operculum not fimbrillate; lobes of leaves
rounded or truncate.
Leaves 3-lobed about to middle, less than
twice as broad as long (United States
and northern Mexico). ..98. P. affinis.
Leaves subtruncately 3-lobed, fully twice
as broad as long.
Outer corona filaments narrowly linear-
clavate, the inner ones filiform
throughout (Colombia).
94. P. bucaramangensis.
Outer corona filaments terete, not dilated
at apex, the inner ones capitellate
(Pere eee 95. P. obtusiloba.
C. Flowers more than 2.5 em. wide.
Outer corona filaments trigonous..... 71. P. cuneata.
Outer corona filaments not trigonous.
Leaves lobed at least to middle, the middle lobe
usually reduced to a mere cusp, the lobes
suberect (Mexico and Central America).
Flowers bluish purple and white; outer corona
filaments capillary; petals half as long as the
sepals (Central America)... .96. P. Standleyi.
Flowers red and white; outer corona filaments
narrowly linear; petals barely a third as long
as the sepals (Arizona and Mexico).
97. P. mexicana.
Leaves lobed not more than to middle, often sub-
truncate or undulate at upper margin.
Lobes of leaves acute........... 98. P. anfracta.
Lobes of leaves obtuse.
Plant glabrous throughout.
Outer corona ligulate, dilated just above
middle; petals linear-oblong (Lesser An-
te6) 55. os eo ees 99. P. Andersonii.
Outer corona filaments clavate; petals ovate
(Amazonian Brazil).100. P. micropetala.
Plant pubescent; leaves green or sometimes
paler beneath, but not glaucous.
48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Ovary pilose; petals less than half as long as
the sepals; outer corona filaments nar-
rowly linear-clavate; leaves suborbicular
in general outline (Lesser Antilles).
101. P. rotundifolia.
Ovary glabrous; petals at least half as long
as the sepals; outer corona filaments
filiform; leaves of variable shape (Bolivia
end Brazil) velop sy 102. P. Pohli.
Subgenus V. Plectostemma, Section 4. Xerogona
Leaves not lobed. |
Leaves attenuate-acuminate, finely pilosulous beneath; corona
filaments linear-clavate (Guatemala)..... 103. P. cobanensis.
Leaves acute or acuminate, softly velutinous beneath; corona
filaments subulate (British Honduras)...... 104. P. brevipes.
Leaves bilobed.
Stem and leaves hirsute with long, light brown hairs; leaves
rounded at base, usually much longer than broad (Guatemala
to Costa: Rita)nn6. 42.5540 etn aca 105. P. costaricensis.
Stem and leaves short-grayish-pubescent or occasionally tomen-
tulous.
Seeds sharply quadrangular; flowers less than 1.5 cm. wide
0.) (>.< Ce. 0) PR eRe: teed a weitere recs gee 106. P. goniosperma.
Seeds not quadrangular, flattened; flowers more than 1.5 cm.
wide (often smaller in P. Conzattiana).
Flowers less than 2 cm. wide; leaves nearly truncate at apex —
CDI GXICO Kersce oe cu set ee enn oe a aes 107. P. Conzattiana.
Flowers more than 2 cm. wide; leaves usually deeply lobed.
Peduncles borne in pairs on short, axillary branches; leaves
longer than broad, the lobes suberect (Mexico).
108. P. Rovirosae.
Peduncles solitary in the. axils of the leaves of the main
stem; leaves usually broader than long, lobes divergent.
Fruit fusiform, tapering at apex; ovary glabrescent or
usually puberulent; sepals greenish white.
109. P. capsularis.
Fruit obovoid or elliptic-obovoid, rounded at apex; ovary
densely white-pilose; sepals red without.
110. P. rubra.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE > 49
Subgenus V. Plectostemma, Section 5. Pseudodysosmia
EN cA BN ar Coen h an Ae eee 111. P. adenopoda.
Subgenus V. Plectostemma, Section 6. Pseudogranadilla
Peduncles more than 5 cm. long, about 5 times as long as the petioles;
MMIADTOUR 55 o\5 Oreiadicoe eae seals 112. P. pulchella.
Peduncles less than 5 em. long, equaling or not more than twice as
long as the petioles; plant (except P. menispermacea) densely
pubescent.
Leaves bilobed one-third to one-half their length (Ecuador).
113. P. indecora.
Leaves truncately 2—3-lobed at apex.
Bracts flabellate-lacerate (southern Mexico).
114. P. rugosissima.
Bracts entire or obscurely toothed.
Leaves glabrous; bracts more than 1 em. long (Colombia).
115. P. menispermacea.
Leaves ferruginous-tomentose beneath; bracts not more than
1 cm. long.
Bracts oblanceolate, less than 5 mm. wide, not enclosing the
bud (Colombia and Venezuela). ...116. P. Kalbreyert.
Bracts cordate, more than 5 mm. wide, enclosing the bud
(Central Mexico to Guatemala)..117. P. porphyretica.
Subgenus V. Plectostemma, Section 7. Hahniopathanthus
Sepals and petals radiate, not more than 3 cm. long; fruit globose.
Stipules setiferous-toothed; bracts less than 3 em. long, denticulate
TOWOIO. DOSE Fie es ec be Se 118. P. Hahniti.
Stipules merely crenate; bracts more than 3 cm. long, entire.
119. P. Cookii.
Sepals and petals erect, more than 3 em. long; fruit ovoid.
120. P. membranacea.
Subgenus VI. Chloropathanthus
Flowers green; leaves peltate; petioles glandular at or below middle;
plant glabrous (Mexico)...:...........00.. 121. P. viridiflora.
Flowers scarlet; leaves not peltate; petioles glandular near apex;
plant pilose (Jamaica)............c0ceceee: 122. P. lancifolia.
50 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Subgenus VII. Murucuja
Leaves orbicular, shallowly 3-lobed (Hispaniola). .123. P. orbiculata.
Leaves oblong, ovate, or transversely oblong, shallowly 2-3-lobed,
or deeply 2-lobed with divergent lobes.
Sepals spatulate, conspicuously narrowed at base; corona less
tien’ 1 cm. Tone (Capa) oi sas oie ann tes 124. P. Shaferi.
Sepals linear-oblong, not narrowed at base; corona more than
1 em. long.
Leaves usually much broader than slong; operculum entire;
corona reddish or purplish; limen none. .125. P. Murucuja.
Leaves longer than broad; operculum lacerate; corona yellowish;
limen present (Puerto Rico).............. 126. P. Tulae.
Subgenus VIII. Pseudomurucuja
Sepals linear-subulate, the petals oblanceolate, broader than the
sepals; leaves usually deeply cordate and amplexicaul (Jamaica).
127. P. perfoliata.
Sepals and petals linear or linear-oblong, the petals narrower than
the sepals; leaves rounded or acute at base, not amplexicaul.
Leaves entire, ovate to elliptic (Bahamas, Cuba, and Haiti).
128. P. cuprea.
Leaves 2-8-lobed.
Inflorescence pseudoracemose, the leaves of the flowering
branches greatly reduced or none; leaves longer than broad
(JOIISIOA) ok teehee ote 129. P. oblongata.
Inflorescence not pseudoracemose; leaves broader than long or,
if longer than broad, 2-lobed to the middle.
Operculum dependent, lacerate (Jamaica).
130. P. tacsonioides.
Operculum erect, denticulate (Cuba)...... 131. P. cubensis.
Subgenus IX. Psilanthus
Calyx tube more than 2 cm. long, much exceeding the sepals; leaves
much longer than broad (Colombia).
Leaves glabrous, or puberulent on the nerves beneath; calyx tube
2.5 to 8 em. long.
Calyx dilated at base; ovary glabrous...... 132. P. bicuspidata.
Calyx acute at base; ovary hirsute-tomentose.
133. P. hyacinthiflora.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 51
Leaves tomentose beneath, 3-lobed at apex; calyx tube more than
aN MONIES RE GOSS eee 134. P. trinervia.
Calyx tube not more than 2 cm. long, subequal to or shorter than the
sepals; leaves broader than long (Ecuador).
135. P. sanguinolenta.
Subgenus X. Adenosepala
NNN Feta cleat atiaeay te Guerrier a 136. P. Ernestt.
Subgenus XI. Tacsoniopsis
NNN aE fast Ore keg Paend ek Sup dis Meg Mee ke 137. P. bracteosa.
MITC 5246.55 5s re oe es Se ee ee SET ES 138. P. andina.
Subgenus XIII. Tacsonia
A. Peduncles slender, elongate (12 to 30 cm. long when developed),
pendent; leaves generally polymorphic (entire or 3-lobed in
the same species).
Calyx tube longer than the sepals; bracts entire to dentate.
Corona tuberculate or obsolescent (Colombia).
Sepals with a broadly winged keel; flowers orange.
139. P. Parritae.
Sepals without a broadly winged keel.
Bracts free to base.
Leaves densely hirsute-tomentose beneath; bracts entire.
140. P. cremastantha.
Leaves villous beneath; bracts incised-dentate.
141. P. leptomischa.
Bracts united below middle.
Stipules laciniate-fimbriate; calyx tube finely pilosulous.
142. P. fimbriatistipula.
Stipules serrate; calyx tube glabrous.148. P. quindiensis.
Corona filamentose.
Leaves densely ferruginous-tomentose beneath, rugulose
above, the middle lobe not narrowed at base (Ecuador).
144. P. coactilis.
Leaves grayish-villous beneath, flat above, the middle lobe
(if leaves are 3-lobed) narrowed at base (Colombia).
145. P. flexipes.
52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Calyx tube shorter than the sepals; bracts fimbriate.
A. Peduncles rather stout, not more than 10 cm. long (sometimes
longer in P. ampullacea and P. Mandonz); leaves either all 3-
lobed or 3-foliolate, or all undivided (i.e., uniform in each
species).
B. Leaves not lobed.
Apex of leaves rounded or obtuse (Colombia) . .147. P. adulterina.
Apex of leaves acute or acuminate.
Bracts distinct to base (Colombia and Venezuela).
Stipules setaceous to linear-lanceolate, entire.
Margin of leaves subentire or slightly denticulate,
FOVOMIUG 55 ke a ea ee 148. P. lanata.
Margin of leaves serrate or dentate, scarcely revolute.
Leaves less than 7.5 cm. long; calyx tube and ovary
Mabrous wk Ok ees 149. P. truxillensis.
Leaves more than 7.5 cm. long; calyx tube pubescent
without; ovary tomentose. .150. P. pamplonensis.
Stipules deeply pinnatisect; leaves glabrous (Peru).
151. P. lanceolata.
Bracts united one-third to two-thirds their length (Colombia).
Stem glabrous; stipules reniform, fimbriate.
142. P. fimbriatistipula.
Stem rufo-villous; stipules linear.
Calyx tube not more than 7 cm. long; leaves strongly
rugose; corona undulate............ 152. P. rugosa.
Calyx tube more than 7 cm. long; leaves rugulose; corona
ROU UMNOUIAE 6. shih 5 Beas ot hs 153. P. ertocaula.
B. Leaves 3-lobed or 3-foliolate.
C. Bracts free to base, usually serrate to lacerate.
Stipules linear, entire or serrulate.
Plant densely villous; peduncles at least 8 cm. long, stout;
flowers white (Ecuador).......... 154. P. ampullacea.
Plant essentially glabrous; peduncles less than 8 cm. long,
slender; flowers reddish or yellowish.
Calyx tube less than 3.5 em. long; leaf lobes ovate-
oblong, fully 5 mm. wide (Peru and Bolivia).
155. P. gracilens.
146. P. insignis.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 53
Calyx tube more than 3.5 cm. long (Colombia).
Leaf lobes 5 mm. or less wide; corona 1-ranked; calyx
tube more than 6 mm. long...... 156. P. Trianae.
Leaf lobes more than 5 mm. wide; corona 2-ranked;
calyx tube not more than 6 cm. long.
157. P. Purdiei.
Stipules laciniate-pectinate or pinnatisect.
Leaves 3-foliolate (Peru)............... 158. P. trifoliata.
Leaves 3-lobed.
Stipules laciniate-pectinate; leaves glabrous beneath;
corona tuberculate (Ecuador) ....159. P. Jamesoni.
Stipules pinnatisect; leaves tomentose beneath; corona
filamentose.
Calyx tube slightly longer than the sepals, more than
8 mm. in diameter; leaves lobed at least half their
length, grayish-tomentose beneath.
160. P. pinnatistipula.
Calyx tube nearly twice as long as the sepals, less than
8 mm. in diameter; leaves lobed not more than
one-third their length, ferruginous-tomentose be-
neath: (Bolivia) ni wks Sn Pa 161. P. Mandoni.
C. Bracts united, at least at base, usually up to middle.
Stipules linear or setaceous.
Leaves rounded or cordate at base, pubescent on both
surfaces; peduncles more than 5 cm. long; flowers
white; gynophore glabrous (Ecuador).
154. P. ampullacea.
Leaves cuneate at base, glabrous above; peduncles less than
5 em. long; flowers rose; gynophore densely pilose
(Per 2. ot Cea eens ce 162. P. Matthewsii.
Stipules oblong, ovate, or subreniform.
Leaves small, less than 4 cm. long and 6 cm. wide; peduncles
very slender; flowers red (Peru)... ..163. P. parvifolia.
Leaves usually larger; peduncles stouter.
Flowers blue, violet, or magenta; plant glabrous (not in P.
Roseorum); petioles strikingly biglandular at apex.
Stipules oblong, closely laciniate-dentate; stem and
under surface of leaves densely tomentose (Ecua-
COR ened peas 13 aes 164. P. Roseorum.
54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Stipules subreniform, entire or few-toothed; stem and
under surface of leaves glabrous.
Calyx tube less than 5 cm. long (Colombia).
165. P. glaberrima.
Calyx tube more than 5 cm. long (Colombia and
WOUROOE) 28) oh ns a es 166. P. cumbalensis.
Flowers red or pinkish; petioles variously glandular.
Calyx tube less than 6.5 em. long.
Leaves and calyx tube glabrous (Peru).
167. P. macrochlamys.
- Leaves pilosulous beneath; calyx tube densely ©
tomentose (Colombia)... .. 168. P. Schlimiana.
Calyx tube at least 6.5 cm. long.
Stipules more than 2.5 cm. long; leaves thick-
coriaceous, lustrous above; plant glabrous
(Pera ccs ek Sat 169. P. anastomosans.
Stipules less than 2.5 cm. long; plant more or less
pubescent, often densely ferruginous-tomentose.
Stem terete, only the younger parts subangular.
Calyx tube less than 6 mm. in diameter; free
portions of bracts narrowly lanceolate
CHGUBRON soto ooo, 4 170. P. psilantha.
Calyx tube more than 6 mm. in diameter; free
portions of bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate.
Leaf lobes linear-oblong, less than 2 cm. wide;
stem and under surface of leaves grayish-
pilosulous (Ecuador). .171. P. tripartita.
Leaf lobes ovate to oblong, usually more than
2 cm. wide; stem ferruginous-tomentose;
under surface of leaves grayish- or
ferruginous-tomentose.
172. P. mollissima.
Stem distinctly angular.
Petioles obscurely 4-12-glandular, the glands
less than 1.5 mm. long; leaves rounded or
abruptly cuneate at base... .178. P. mixta.
Petioles 2—3-glandular at middle, the glands at
least 1.5 mm. long; leaves auriculate or
cordulate at base (Peru) .174. P. mesadenia.
-
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 55
Subgenus XIV. Granadillastrum
Leaves 3-lobed not more than four-fifths their length (often entire in
P. antioquiensis); bracts entire or serrate.
Plant glabrous; bracts distinct to base (Venezuela and Colombia).
175. P. semiciliosa.
Plant sparingly to densely pubescent, the leaves densely tomentose
or at least tomentellous on the nerves beneath; bracts distinct
to base or connate below middle.
Peduncles less than 8 cm. long; leaves usually lobed not more
than to middle; flowers searlet.......... 176. P. manicata.
Peduncles more than 8 cm. long; leaves not lobed, or 3-lobed
nearly to base.
Bracts distinct to base; peduncles very slender; leaves poly-
morphic, entire or 3-lobed; flowers red (Colombia).
177. P. antioquiensis.
Bracts united to middle; peduncles stout; leaves all 3-lobed;
flowers white (Peru)............. 178. P. peduncularis.
Leaves 3-foliolate; bracts lacerate-serrate or laciniate-fimbriate
(Peru and Bolivia).
Plant glabrous; bracts lacerate-serrate...... 179. P. Weberbauert.
Plant densely tomentose; bracts deeply laciniate-fimbriate.
180. P. trisecta.
Subgenus XV. Distephana
Leaves coriaceous or subcoriaceous, entire at margin.
Calyx tube cylindric, more than 1 em. long; outer rank of corona
Of free MiaMente..o7 as tA Go is ee 181. P. glandulosa.
Calyx tube broadly campanulate, less than 1 cm. long; outer
rank of corona a tubular membrane, filamentose only at
PATI ee peg oa en idee ear ones thot a 182. P. variolata.
Leaves membranous, toothed.
Stipules and bracts laciniate-fimbriate or incised-serrate (Bolivia).
Leaves unlobed; stipules pinnatisect; bracts laciniate-fimbriate;
DIAUG lANALE > oa cokk i ora oh ak wee 183. P. callimorpha.
Leaves 3-lobed; stipules and bracts incised-serrate; plant
GiADTOUE a 5 oes ae a tise nee a aks 184. P. Buchtienit.
Stipules and bracts entire or merely glandular-serrate.
Bracts ovate, at least 1 ecm. wide; two outer ranks of corona
filaments purple distally, white proximally; leaves never
MODOC: fis6 hess ONG ee aves wn ee Cee Re ites 185. P. coccinea.
56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Bracts linear to oblong-lanceolate, usually less than 1 ecm.
wide (broadly ovate and wider in two varieties); two
outer ranks of corona filaments red or white; leaves poly-
morphic in the same species, 3 (or asymmetrically 2)-lobed
or unlobed.
Plant essentially glabrous; bracts usually linear, less than
5 mm. wide (broader in variety) .186. P.quadriglandulosa.
Plant pubescent; bracts lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
usually 5 to 10 mm. wide; leaves prevailingly 3-lobed.
Outer ranks of corona filaments red; operculum fimbriate
(Central America and northwestern South America).
187. P. witifolia,
Outer ranks of corona filaments white; operculum crenate
or denticulate (Brazil).............. 188. P. speciosa.
Subgenus XVI. Calopathanthus
ONG BPOClON kann cia sd eG Nae Oe el eR ad deen 189. P. racemosa.
Subgenus XVII. Tacsonioides
Plant villosulous; leaves entire or asymmetrically 3-lobed; bracts
lacerate-pectinate (Brazil)............... 190. P. Luetzelburgit.
Plant glabrous; leaves symmetrically 3-lobed; bracts entire or
serrulate.
Leaves peltate, hastate, the lateral lobes divergent at nearly
right angles from the much longer middle lobe (Ecuador).
191. P. reflexiflora.
Leaves not peltate, the lateral lobes ascending, subequal to the
middle lobe.
Bracts not more than 6 mm. wide, narrowed at base (Peru).
192. P. tarapotina.
Bracts more than 6 mm. wide, cordate at base.
Leaves cordulate; bracts cordate; peduncles stout; corona
5-ranked (Bolivia and Argentina)....1938. P. wmbilicata.
Leaves rounded or subtruncate at base; bracts oblong;
peduncles slender; corona 2-ranked (Brazil).
194. P. Mendoncaei.
Subgenus XVIII. Granadilla
KEY TO SERIES
Stem quadrangular, the angles narrowly to broadly winged; seeds
more than 5 mm. wide.............. Series 1. Quadrangulares.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 57
Stem terete or angular, the angles not winged; seeds not more than
5 mm. wide.
Bracts united, at least at base, more than 2 cm. long, enveloping
the bud.
meves G-1-10b0d. ... 5 heb in hace ek Series 2. Digitatae.
Leaves entire to 3-lobed (polymorphic). ..Series 3. Tiliaefoliae.
Bracts distinct to base.
Stipules linear or setaceous, usually soon deciduous.
Leaves neither lobed nor parted.
Bracts less than 1 cm. long, acute; leaves lanceolate, less
than 2.5 cm. wide; petioles glandless (Brazil).
Series 4. Marginatae.
Bracts more than 1 em. long, rounded at apex; leaves oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, more than 2.5 cm. wide (narrower
in P. capparidifolia); petioles biglandular (glandless
in P. Popenovit).
Plants glabrous; leaves entire or serrulate (all exclusively
South American except P. laurifolia and P. ambigua).
Series 5. Laurifoliae.
Plants pubescent; leaves serrate or serrulate.
Series 6. Serratifoliae.
Leaves 3-7-lobed, or compound.
Sepals glandular dorsally; corona 1-ranked (Brazil).
Series 7. Setaceae.
Sepals not glandular; corona in 2 or more ranks.
Bracts fimbriate; leaves definitely compound, the leaflets
all petiolulate (West Indies and northern South
PIVCTION is mess os A ware ha ela Series 8. Pedatae.
Bracts entire or serrulate; leaves lobed, if ee only
the terminal leaflet petiolulate.
Corona more than 2-ranked; petiolar glands present;
operculum denticulate or fimbriate.
Series 9. Incarnatae.
Corona 2-ranked; petiolar glands none; operculum
entire (Bolivia and Argentina).
Series 10. Palmatisectae.
Stipules foliaceous, semi-ovate to semi-oblong, attached on one
side above base, hence often appearing reniform.
58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Bracts setaceous or narrowly ovate, less than 5 mm. wide,
scattered along peduncle, soon deciduous; operculum
more or less plicate, bearing on outside a row of filaments.
Series 11. Kermesinae.
Bracts foliaceous, usually more than 5 mm. wide, verticillate,
rarely imbricate.
Bracts imbricate, unequal, one smaller than the others and
borne a short distance below them.
Series 12. Imbricatae.
Bracts verticillate, borne near apex.of peduncle.
- Leaves not lobed.............. Series 13. Simplicifoliae.
Leaves lobed.
Plants essentially glabrous (leaves tomentose beneath
in P. Gardneri), not hispid-hirsute.
Series 14. Lobatae.
Plants hispid-hirsute throughout.
Series 15. Menispermifoliae.
Series 1. Quadrangulares
Petioles 6-glandular; nerves of leaves 10 or more to a side, nearly
equidistant from each other; stipules ovate to lance-ovate, more
GOAN: AON. WId02. owe ee as bee 195. P. quadrangularis.
Petioles 2—4-glandular; nerves about 8 to a side, those of the upper
half of blade farther apart than those of the lower; stipules linear °
to linear-lanceolate, not more than 1 em. wide. .196. P. alata.
Series 2. Digitatae
LOOM a heey lide ey ake PA Daa ae 197. P. serrato-digitata.
Series 3. Tiliaefoliae
Petiolar glands liguliform (often appearing filiform when dry), at
least 8 mm. long. Leaves usually not lobed. .198. P. ligularis.
Petiolar glands not liguliform, less than 3 mm. long, sessile or short-
stipitate.
Glands borne at apex of petiole (often a second pair near middle);
stipules foliaceous (narrowly linear only in P. Seemanni and
sometimes in P. tiliaefolia).
Operculum filamentose, the filaments erect, at least 5 mm. long;
stipules oblanceolate (Mexico and Guatemala).
199. P. Nelson.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 59
Operculum entire or minutely denticulate; stipules cordate-
ovate or linear.
Calyx tube campanulate-funnel-shaped, lined within with
numerous rows of tubercles; stipules narrowly linear
(Panama and Colombia)............. 200. P. Seemann.
Calyx tube campanulate, not lined with rows of tubercles;
stipules ovate or ovate-lanceolate (rarely the uppermost
linear-lanceolate).
Leaves minutely denticulate, usually 3-lobed, the basal
lobes often overlapping; corona 3-ranked, the inner
rank dentiform; bracts united at base only (Peru and
OUVID ove oss catechntres ae ea ee eee oe 201. P. triloba.
Leaves entire at margin, never lobed; corona about 5-
ranked, the 3 inner ranks consisting of short filaments;
bracts united about a third their length.
202. P. tiliaefolia.
Glands all borne at or below middle of petiole; stipules narrowly
linear.
Leaves not lobed; ovary subglobose (common cultivated species
of West Indies, rarer in northern South America).
203. P. maliformis.
Leaves usually lobed, or polymorphic, the upper sometimes
entire; ovary narrowly ovoid or ellipsoidal.
Ovary white-tomentose; plant pilosulous (Panama).
204. P. Williamsii.
Ovary glabrous; plant glabrous or pilosulous.
Lateral leaf lobes nearly equal to middle lobe, the latter
usually broadly ovate (Costa Rica and Panama).
205. P. platyloba.
Lateral leaf lobes barely half as long as middle lobe, the
latter ovate or ovate-lanceolate (Trinidad and northern
South America).
Bracts subobtuse or acute, the tips less than 1 cm. long
(northern South America)........ 206. P. serrulata.
Bracts long-tapering, the tips more than 1 cm. long
CV QUIORUDIN Fos oret cornet nates 207. P. multiformis.
Series 4. Marginatae
ONG SBOCIEN sain neces nie atten aeaheen, 208. P. marginata.
60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Series 5. Laurifoliae
Outermost rank of corona filaments shorter than the second rank.
Leaves narrowly oblong, at least three times as long as broad,
rounded at apex (British Guiana)..... 209. P. capparidifolia.
Leaves broader, less than three (rarely more than two) times as
long as broad.
Petiolar glands usually wanting; peduncles very slender, more
than 7 em. long (Ecuador)........ eines 210. P. Popenovit.
Petiolar glands always present; peduncles stout, rarely as much
as 7 cm. long.
Corona 2-ranked; operculum filamentose to base (Bolivia).
211. P. nigradenia.
Corona 2-several-ranked; operculum membranous, at least
part way.
Glands borne at or below middle of petiole; third rank of
corona remote from the second rank; leaves subabruptly
attenuate-acuminate (Mexico and Central America).
212. P. ambigua.
Glands borne at apex of petiole; third rank of corona
adjacent to the second rank; leaves prevailingly
rounded or obtuse at apex (common cultivated species
of the West Indies and northern South America).
213. P. laurifolia.
Outermost rank of corona filaments equaling or exceeding the second
rank.
Ovary pubescent. |
Outermost corona filaments and those of the second rank very
slender, filiform above middle.
Bracts entire, 1 cm. or more wide, green; leaves not more
-than 5 em. wide (Amazonian Brazil).
214. P. acuminata.
Bracts glandular-serrate, less than 1 cm. wide, reddish;
leaves more than 5 cm. wide (British Guiana).
215. P. Gleasoni.
Outermost corona filaments and those of the second rank thick-
carnose, the latter about 2 mm. wide.
Flowers glabrous without, borne on short, axillary branches
(Ams BAG) oo e2e veelnhose ce kes 216. P. riparia.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 61
Flowers pubescent without, borne in the leaf axils of the main
stem (mountains of Colombia)........ 217. P. tolimana.
Ovary glabrous.
Leaves 3—5-nerved, conspicuously crenulate-serrulate (south-
enatird Eragil). 3) eee BS 218. P. odontophylla.
Leaves penninerved, entire or inconspicuously serrulate.
Peduncles at least 7 cm. long; bracts thin-membranous, violet-
rose (southern Brazil).............. 219. P. ischnoclada.
Peduncles less than 7 em. long; bracts membranous or sub-
coriaceous, green.
Outermost corona filaments succulent, 1 mm. thick, at
least in the lower half; bracts more than 1.5 em. wide;
plant often turning black in drying..... 220. P. nitida.
Outermost corona filaments very slender, less than 0.5 mm.
thick; bracts less than 1.5 cm. wide.
221. P. guazumaefolia.
Series 6. Serratifoliae
Outer series of corona filaments not more than 1 em. long (Brazil).
Flowers in clusters of 2 to 6, up to 3 em. wide; bracts linear-
lanceolate, not more than 2 mm. wide...... 222. P. bahiensis.
Flowers solitary, much more than 3 cm. wide; bracts ovate to
oblong, more than 2 mm. wide......... 223. P. malacophylla.
Outer corona filaments more than 1 em. long.
Leaves not lobed, minutely serrulate; petioles 4—6-glandular
(Mexico and Central America).......... 224. P. serratifolia.
Leaves polymorphic, entire to 3-lobed, repand-serrate; petioles
obsoletely biglandular at apex (Cuba)... .225. P. dasyadenia.
Series 7. Setaceae
AIOE ROCIO, oda A nica eg ae te Dey we 226. P. setacea.
RRCION 66 dn eee eRe ead ee 227. P. pedata.
Series 9. Incarnatae
Leaves 5-lobed or 5-parted to base (rarely in P. cincinnata 3-lobed or
3-parted nearly to base).
Petioles biglandular near base; leaves 3-5-lobed or 3-5-parted,
the terminal segment usually petiolulate. .228. P. cincinnata.
62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Petioles biglandular above middle; leaves 5-lobed. ;
229. P. filamentosa. —
Leaves 3-lobed.
Bracts borne about 1 em. below base of flower; petioles biglandular ©
at base; leaf lobes rounded (Brazil)......... 230. P. recurva.
Bracts borne within 5 mm. of base of flower; leaf lobes acute,
acuminate, or cuspidate.
Leaf lobes cuspidate; bracts about 5 cm. long (Guatemala).
231. P. prolata.
Leaf lobes acute or acuminate; bracts much shorter.
Plant usually pilosulous; bracts less than 1 cm. long; leaves
dull above (United States)........... 232. P. incarnata.
Plant usually glabrous; bracts 1 cm. or more long; leaves
MISTFOUS ADOVE. co rane cbs ae eck s 233. P. edulis.
Series 10. Palmatisectae
One SNOCIGH?. Be ee hikes gis ca ona ee eee 234. P. palmatisecta.
Series 11. Kermesinae
Leaves 3-lobed; plants glabrous.
Peduncles more than 9 cm. long.
Flowers more than 5 em. wide; leaves lobed to slightly below
middle, the lobes oblong, rounded or subacute (Brazil).
235. P. kermesina.
Flowers less than 5 em. wide; leaves lobed nearly to base, the
lobes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate (Colombia).
236. P. Lehmanni.
Peduncles 3 to 7 cm. long.
Leaf lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, at least
four-fifths the length of the blade (Colombia).
237. P. trisulca.
Leaf lobes oblong, obtuse or subacute, less than four-fifths the
length of the blade.
Bracts lanceolate, more than 5 mm. long; peduncles more
than 5 em. long (Colombia)............ 238. P. Smithit.
Bracts setaceous, barely 2 mm. long; peduncles 5 em. long, or
lens (Brazil). obese ae ens 3 239. P. Watsoniana.
Leaves entire.
Plant pilosulous; peduncles more than 8 em. long (Ecuador).
240. P. Eggersit.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 63
Plant glabrous; peduncles not more than 8 cm. long.
Petiolar glands stipitate, less than 0.2 mm. in diameter; leaves
not more than 7 em. long (Brazil)........ 241. P. Miersii.
Petiolar glands sessile or subsessile, about 1 mm. in diameter;
leaves more than 7 cm. long (Bolivia). ..242. P. Guenthert.
Series 12. Imbricatae
Principal corona filaments in a single series, very slender, con-
colorous, the inner filaments more than 1 mm. long; sepals
BORE CP ORE oes ee as ep edges 243. P. cuzcoensis.
Principal corona filaments in 2 series, coarse, banded with blue and
white, the inner filaments reduced to tubercles not more than
1 mm. long; sepals not awned (eastern Brazil) .244. P. sidaefolia.
Series 18. Simplicifoliae
Peduncles stout, as thick as the stem (peduncles and stem slender in
P. subrotunda) ; sepals linear, more than four times as long as the
tube. ‘
Flowers red; bracts obtuse (Colombia).......... 245. P. longipes.
Flowers white, blue, or yellowish; bracts acute (Brazil).
Leaves broadly ovate to subrotund, not more than 5 em. long,
3—5-nerved.
Stem and peduncles stout, about 2 mm. thick; leaves and
stipules coriaceous; flowers 8 to 10 cm. wide, white.
246. P. mucronata.
Stem and peduncles slender, not more than 1.5 mm. thick;
leaves and stipules membranous; flowers about 2.5 em.
WIGG, COMING 6 coh ook we goo ae 247. P. subrotunda.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, more than 5 cm. long, 1-nerved.
248. P. Galbana.
Peduncles less than the diameter of the stem; sepals oblong or linear-
oblong, not more than 4 times as long as the tube.
A. Petiolar glands sessile or subsessile (filiform in P. Jileki), less
than 1 mm. long.
Sepals linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate; outer corona filaments
shorter than the sepals and petals; stipules soon deciduous.
Petals and inside of sepals bright red; flowers 8 to 9 em.
wide when expanded (Brazil?)......... 249. P. amabilis.
Petals and inside of sepals white; flowers about 6 cm. wide
when expanded (Bolivia).......... 250. P. mapiriensis.
64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Sepals oblong or oblong-lanceolate; outer corona filaments —
_subequaling or longer than the sepals and petals; stipules ©
persistent. |
Leaves thick-coriaceous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, —
often chartaceous at the margin; peduncles more than |
4 eth. lone LBA cs Ce aor ee: ‘251. P. Jileki. J
Leaves membranous or subcoriaceous, ovate to oblong or
broadly ovate-lanceolate, not cartilaginous at mar- —
gin; peduncles not more than 4 cm. long.
Stipules long-awned, the awn fully half the length ©
of the blade; petals conspicuously reticulate-
veined, longer than the sepals (British Guiana). —
252. P. retipetala. —
Stipules with shorter awns; petals inconspicuously, if —
at all, veined, shorter than the sepals (Brazil).
258. P. actinia.
A. Petiolar glands filiform, ‘1 mm. or more long.
Under surface of leaves and outside of sepals densely
cinereo-puberulent (Brazil)......... 254. P. canescens.
Under surface of leaves and outside of sepals glabrous,
pilose, or pilosulous.
Stem and under surface of leaves densely pilose; petiolar
glands 1.5 mm. or more long, curved.
255. P. praeacuta.
Stem and under surface of leaves glabrous or pilosulous; —
petiolar glands 1 to 1.5 mm. long, straight.
Stipules more than 4 mm. wide, mucronulate; calyx
tube up to 5 mm. long.
Bracts less than 1 ecm. wide, deciduous; leaves
glaucous beneath, the nerves scarcely elevated
beneath (Mexico to Venezuela).
256. P. Oerstedit.
Bracts 1 cm. wide or more, persistent; leaves green
beneath, the nerves strongly elevated beneath
(Amazonian Peru)........... 257. P. loretensis.
Stipules not more than 4 mm. wide, caudate-acuminate;
calyx tube more than 5 mm. long (Bolivia and
PRPRIORT) 55 Uhh red BORLA Ss 258. P. Rojasit.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 65
Series 14. Lobatae
Stem villous; leaves tomentose beneath (Brazil) .259. P. Gardneri.
Stem and leaves glabrous, or essentially so.
Leaves 5—9-lobed nearly to base, rarely a few of the leaves 3-lobed.
(Extensively cultivated throughout tropics.) ..260. P. caerulea.
Leaves 3-lobed or 3-sect.
Petiolar glands 2, at least 1 mm. wide; leaves cuneate at base,
coriaceous (Argentina)................ 261. P. Mooreana.
Petiolar glands usually several, less than 1 mm. wide; leaves
cordulate, rounded, or subtruncate.
Leaves 3-sect to within 2 mm. of base (Bolivia).
262. P. dalechampioides.
Leaves 3-lobed, rarely more than four-fifths their length.
A. Bracts borne close to apex of peduncle, their length at
least equal to the distance from their point of origin to
the base of the flower; petiolar glands usually stipitate.
B. Sepals dorsally awned with a foliaceous awn 5 mm.
long, or more.
Ovary ferruginous-villous-tomentose; flowers blue,
violet, or purplish. ’
Bracts oblong, cordate at base; flowers about 5 em.
wide; outer corona filaments linear-ligulate
CERI Ys fut acs montane oe 263. P. cornuta.
Bracts elliptic-oblong or narrowly lanceolate, nar-
rowed at base; flowers larger; outer corona fila-
ments filiform or ligulate.
Peduncles usually 6 cm. or more long, stout;
stipules usually at least half as long as
adjacent petioles; awn of sepals more than
8 mm. long; corona 6~—7-ranked, the outer
filaments filiform........... 264. P. violacea.
Peduncles less than 6 cm. long, slender; stipules
less than half as long as adjacent petioles;
awn of sepals 8 mm. long or less; corona 4—5-
ranked, the outer filaments liguliform.
265. P. amethystina.
Ovary glabrous; flowers white (blue to purplish in a
few species).
66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Bracts petiolate, rounded at apex (Surinam, Brazil).
266. P. picturata.
Bracts sessile, usually acute or subacute at apex.
Leaves peltate at least 5 mm. from lower margin.
Bracts more than 7 mm. long, borne at base of
flowers; awn of sepals more than 5 mm. long
CROUVIA): ioouss eas 267. P. rubrotincta.
Bracts not more than 7 mm. long, borne at least
5 mm. below base of flower; awn of sepals
less than 5 mm. long (Peru).
268. P. spectabilis.
Leaves not peltate or only slightly so.
C. Operculum denticulate or minutely fimbril-
late at margin, the entire portion much
longer than the teeth or fringe.
Petiolar glands present; inner ranks of
corona filaments capitellate.
Leaves lobed at least to middle; outer two
rows of corona filaments filiform (Mex-
ico to Colombia and Venezuela).
269. P. subpeltata.
Leaves less deeply lobed; outer two rows of
filaments more slender.
Bracts more than 1.5 cm. long, borne at
base of flower; leaves lobed about
one-third their length (Cuba and
DIOR) igen 270. P. pallens.
Bracts less than 1.5 cm. long, borne at
least 5 mm. below base of flower;
leaves lobed about one-quarter their
length (Brazil)..... 271. P. elegans.
Petiolar glands none; inner ranks of corona
filaments not capitellate (Bolivia to
Argentina).
Leaf lobes oblong, less than three times
longer than broad. .272. P. naviculata.
Leaf lobes linear-lanceolate, more than
three times longer than broad.
273. P. tucumanensis.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 67
C. Operculum filamentose, the filaments equal-
ing or longer than the membranoys lower
portion.
Peduncles 25 to 35 em. long (Venezuela).
274. P. gritensis.
Peduncles not more than 10 cm. long.
Flowers lilac or purple; leaf lobes acute or
acuminate.
Under surface of leaves usually finely
pilosulous, the upper surface lustrous
(Central America).
256. P. Oerstedii var. chocontana.
Under surface of leaves glabrous, the
upper surface dull (Ecuador).
275. P. Sprucet.
Flowers white; leaf lobes usually rounded
or obtuse.
Flowers not more than 4.5 cm. wide;
corona filaments all capillary, less
than 7 mm. long (southern Brazil
and Paraguay)... .276. P. tenuzfila.
Flowers usually more than 4.5 cm. wide;
outer corona filaments filiform,
coarser.
Leaves lobed at least three-quarters
their length, the middle lobe much
narrowed at base; stipules glan-
dular-mucronate (Brazil).
277. P. lonchophora.
Leaves lobed about to middle, the
middle lobe scarcely narrowed at
base; stipules not glandular-mu-
cronate.
Operculum plicate; leaves acutish
(Paraguay and Argentina).
278. P. Giberti.
Operculum flat; leaves rounded or
obtuse.
68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Petioles 6—-8-glandular; operculum
with dentiform processes with-
in (Brazil).
Cin >, eae
279. P. Eichleriana. ©
Petioles minutely biglandular;
operculum smooth within.
Leaves lobed at least to middle,
often glaucescent or yellow-
ish green beneath (Peru).
————_——<—
280. P. subulata.
Leaves lobed about one-third
their length, dull green,
often reddish-blotched
beneath (Colombia and
Ecuador).
281. P. resticulata.
———e
B. Sepals not awned, or awned with merely a setaceous ~
awn less than 5 mm. long.
Leaves coriaceous, lobed about four-fifths their length, |
the lobes narrowly lanceolate, less than 2 cm. —
wide (Colombia).............. 282. P. Pennellii.
Leaves membranous, lobed about to middle, the lobes
oblong or suborbicular, usually more than 2 cm. —
wide.
Flowers 5 to 6 cm. wide; outer corona filaments as
long as the petals; lateral leaf lobes ascending.
283. P. stipulata. —
Flowers less than 5 cm. wide; outer corona filaments —
about half as long as the petals; lateral leaf
lobes horizontally divaricate (Peru).
284. P. aristulata.
A. Bracts borne 1 to 3 cm. below apex of peduncle, their
length less than the distance from their point of origin
to the base of the flower; petiolar glands sessile; flowers
blue, violet, or purple.
Flowers 6 cm. wide or less; leaves lobed to below middle
(Venezuela and Trinidad).......... 285. P. cyanea.
Flowers more than 6 cm. wide; leaves lobed only to
middle.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 69
Leaves scarcely peltate; awns of sepals more than
1 mm. long (British Guiana and Surinam).
286. P.Garckei.
Leaves distinctly peltate at least 5 mm. from margin;
awns of sepals not more than 1 mm. long (Peru).
268. P. spectabilis.
Series 15. Menispermifoliae
sracts narrowly lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, less than 5 mm.
wide, minutely glandular-denticulate; leaves usually very large,
more than 10 cm. wide; plant often turning black in drying.
287. P. menispermifolia.
sracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, more than 5 mm. wide, serrate or
entire; leaves usually smaller, less than 8 cm. wide; plant not
turning black in drying (Peru, Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil).
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, entire or sometimes lobulate
near base; petiolar glands not more than twice longer than
Nyce ry Sie EO kee ie Se es 288. P. crassifolia.
Leaves 3-lobed; petiolar glands more than twice longer than thick.
Ovary hirsute; leaves not hastately lobed, the middle lobe not
more than two-thirds the length of the blade.
289. P. nephrodes.
Ovary glabrous; leaves hastately lobed, the middle lobe at least
three-quarters the length of the blade. ..290. P. hastifolia.
Subgenus XIX. Dysosmia
eaves not lobed, oblong. Plant hirsute or tomentose.
Plant erect, without tendrils or rarely with much reduced ones,
Hirmute: (Braz ia os eres os Geass hank bas 291. P. clathrata.
Plant subscandent, with developed tendrils, softly villosulous or
tomentose (British Honduras; cultivated in Cuba).
292. P. Urbaniana.
aves 3 (occasionally 5)-lobed (subentire in P. pectinata).
Leaves densely lepidote beneath, not more than 3 em. long, much
broader than long, the middle lobe reduced (Brazil).
293. P. lepidota.
Leaves not lepidote, usually more than 8 cm. long and with a well
developed middle lobe.
Plant with an erect, shrubby caudex and a few sprawling
branches, with or without tendrils, exceedingly viscous
70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
and with a dense indument; leaf lobes suborbicular (Lower |
California). 5
Outermost corona filaments much less than half as long as —
the petals; petals linear; gynophore at least 2 cm. long,
VEry BICNOGE:) fc aa Seats bcs Pee 294. P. Palmeri.
r
Outermost corona filaments at least half as long as the petals; —
petals oblong or oblong-lanceolate; gynophore much less
than 2 cm. long, rather stout.......... 295. P. fruticosa.
Plant an elongate vine, with well developed tendrils; middle —
leaf lobe usually elongate.
Sepals glandular-punctate without; glands present along main ~
rachis of bracts; bracts once-pinnatifid (southeastern
SoithiAmerics 5.2 yeaa 296. P. ehrysophylla.
Sepals not glandular-punctate; glands, when present on
bracts, borne at tips of ultimate segments.
Bracts pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, the segments not gland-—
tipped. Plants densely white- or yellowish-lanate, but’ |
lanuginous-hirsute in P. arida var. cerralbensis (Lower i
Caliornia ccc iia aw laderGausyaacee see 297. P. arida. ~
Bracts deeply 2-3-pinnatifid or -pinnatisect (once pinnati- :
fid in P. pectinata, P. vestita, and P. foetida var.
Moritziana), the segments gland-tipped.
Leaves coriaceous or subcoriaceous, subentire or pan- 7
duriform; plant glabrous (Bahamas, Bermuda, and
4
¥
H
§
4
&
‘
Haiti).
Bracts pectinate or if pinnatifid the rachis at least ©
2 mm. wide; leaves cordate-deltoid, very obscurely c
lobed Or GNU: 2.6.06 s64u4vass 298. P. pectinata. —
Bracts deeply 2-3-pinnatisect, the rachis less than —
2 mm. wide; leaves panduriform, the lateral lobes —
WUC: tat Sela EE eat ee 299. P. bahamensis. —
Leaves membranous or occasionally subcoriaceous, —
flaccid, usually variously 3-5-lobed, not pan- —
duriform.
Seeds more than 6 mm. long and 3 mm. wide; lateral
leaf lobes strongly ascending. Plant densely rufo-
Hints LP OPO). oye oe ea 300. P. vestita.
Seeds not more than 6 mm. long and 3 mm. wide;
lateral leaf lobes usually divergent .301. P. foetida.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 71
Subgenus XX. Dysosmioides
Stipules lacerate-dentate or lacerate-pectinate; nerves of bracts and.
leaves scarcely darker than rest of blade.
Leaves lobed only to middle, the lobes ovate or broadly ovate-
lanceolate; ovary glabrous or hirsute.
Segments of bracts long-aristate; leaves longer than broad,
ciliate-denticulate; ovary glabrous......... 302. P. villosa.
Segments of bracts merely acute; leaves broader than long, sub-
entire? ovary hirwute.< i.4-os465 aes es 308. P. Vellozit.
Leaves lobed nearly to base, the lobes narrowly lanceolate; ovary
WISI en kee teak ee 3804. P. setulosa.
Stipules serrulate or denticulate; nerves of bracts and leaves usually
much darker than rest of blade; ovary hirsute.
MUNCIE ORUIFOs i ke een a aes a Bee ae 304. P. hypoleuca.
RaeR Solobed oo eine ee 306. P. campanulata.
Subgenus X XI. Polyanthea
meee mnecios: (GiianaS)o. 6 855.345 Bods sex eeu 307. P. cirrhiflora.
Subgenus XXII. Astrophea
KEY TO SECTIONS
Calyx tube campanulate or cylindric-campanulate, rarely cylindric,
shorter than the sepals; flowers white, greenish, or greenish
purple, the peduncles solitary or in pairs in the leaf axils, simple,
or dichotomous.
Peduncles once to several times dichotomous, occasionally simple
in P. arborea and P. sphaerocarpa; plants usually erect shrubs
or trees and without tendrils.
Operculum exserted beyond throat of calyx tube.
Section 1. Dolichostemma.
Operculum not exserted.
Peduncles terminating in a tendril....... Section 2. Cirrhipes.
Peduncles not terminating in a tendril. Trees or shrubs,
usually without any tendrils..... Section 3. Euastrophea.
Peduncles simple. Plants usually scandent, with tendrils present.
Flowers racemose, the pedicels long and slender; inner corona
filaments plumose, reflexed.......... Section 4. Leptopoda.
Flowers solitary or in pairs, the peduncles short; inner corona
filaments not plumose, erect... .Section 5. Pseudoastrophea.
72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Calyx tube cylindric, longer than the sepals; flowers red, yellow, or
orange, in dense fascicles or in racemes or pseudoracemes. Plants
SURETY PATONG 5. oo fetes dare ee os Section 6. Botryastrophea.
Section 1. Dolichostemma
Leaves oblanceolate, more than 15 em. long, densely hirsutulous
beneath; stem hirsutulous (Colombia)....... 308. P. Haughtit.
Leaves obovate, less than 15 cm. long, glabrous; stem at most
puberulent (Costa Rica)..................... 309. P. Pittiert.
Section 2. Cirrhipes
TNE BDACCR PONY) 600 oie ssc te te eke e ees 310. P. cirrhipes.
Section 3. Euastrophea
Calyx tube cylindric, 1 to 2 cm. long, more than 3 times as long as
wide; leaves very large, averaging more than 30 em. long, acute
or acuminate.
Outer corona filaments not dilated, nearly straight (Colombia and
TCU AMOP) occ32) cae th eect coe ait ayac 311. P. macrophylla.
Outer corona filaments broadly dilated near apex, geniculate above
and below middle (Ecuador; Peru?)..... 312. P. gigantifolia.
Calyx tube campanulate or funnel-shaped (cylindric-campanulate in
P. arborea), not more than 1 ecm. long; leaves smaller, often
obtuse.
Calyx tube cylindric-campanulate, the length greater than the
diameter at the throat (Colombia).......... 318. P. arborea.
Calyx tube campanulate or funnel-shaped, the length and the
diameter at the throat subequal.
Branchlets and under surface of leaves pubescent.
Leaves 20 to 25 cm. long, puberulous beneath; peduncles
(including branches) more than 6 cm. long (Peru).
314. P. frutescens.
Leaves 5 to 11 cm. long (the older much longer), pilosulous
beneath; peduncles (including branches) less than 6 cm.
SONG (COUR 5s oe ess eee 315. P. pubera.
Branchlets usually glabrous; under surface of leaves glabrous,
or pilosulous only on the nerves and veins.
Sepals linear-lanceolate, less than 4 mm. wide; leaves sub-
caudate-acuminate (Colombia)......... 316. P. Mutisit.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 73
Sepals oblong or oblong-lanceolate, at least 4 mm. wide;
leaves obtuse, emarginate, or obtusely acuminate, rarely
subacute.
Leaf nerves 6 or 7 to a side; branches of peduncles not more
than 1 em. long (French Guiana)........ 317. P. ovata.
Leaf nerves more than 7 to a side; branches of peduncles
usually more than 1 em. long (all Colombian except
P. Lindeniana).
Operculum erose-lobulate or pectinate; leaves usually
pilosulous on the nerves and veins beneath.
Inner corona filaments filiform; leaves 5—6-glandular
on lower surface near base, the glands about 1 mm.
in diameter, yellowish........... 318. P. grandis.
Inner corona filaments subdolabriform; leaves bi-
glandular at base of midnerve beneath, the glands
about 2 mm. in diameter, black.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, averaging more than 15 cm.
long, narrowed to an obtuse apex, bright green
and lustrous on both surfaces.
319. P. putumayensis.
Leaves obovate or obovate-oblong, averaging less
than 15 em. long, usually rounded or emarginate
at apex, dark green above, glaucescent beneath.
Operculum erose-lobulate. ...320. P. emarginata.
Operculum pectinate........ 321. P. Engleriana.
Operculum fimbriate, or filamentose nearly to base; leaves
glabrous throughout.
Leaves lustrous, concolorous; peduncles (including
branches) 5 to 10 em. long..... 322. P. Schultzei.
Leaves dull, usually glaucous beneath; peduncles (in-
cluding branches) up to 4 em. long.
Operculum filamentose nearly to base (Venezuela).
323. P. Lindeniana.
Operculum fimbriate only to middle.
Leaves averaging 8 to 10 cm. long, the lateral nerves
arcuate-ascending..... 324. P. sphaerocarpa.
Leaves averaging 10 to 12 cm. long, the lateral
nerves straight........... 325. P. ocanensis.
74 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Section 4. Leptopoda
One species (Guianas and northern Brazil)...... 326. P. leptopoda.
Section 5. Pseudoastrophea
Calyx tube broadly funnel-shaped, more than 1.5 em. long; operculum
flabellate-lobulate (Amazonian Brazil).
Under side of leaves and calyx tube pubescent; corona filaments in
4 series, the outermost dilated near middle, the others filiform.
3827. P. candida.
Under surface of leaves and calyx tube essentially glabrous; corona
filaments in 2 series, the outer dilated near apex, the inner
CHUOPOCONIONIN 6 ccc endian See 328. P. hexagonocarpa.
Calyx tube campanulate or cylindric-campanulate, rarely funnel-
shaped, not more than 1.5 em. long; operculum not flabellate-
lobulate.
Corona filaments in more than 8 series.
Margin of leaves with a conspicuous dark band (French Guiana?).
329. P. citrifolia.
Margin of leaves uniform in color with the rest of the blade.
‘Peduncles filiform, 3 to 4 cm. long; outer corona filaments
smooth at margin (British Guiana)... .3830. P. deficiens.
Peduncles stouter, not more than 2 cm. long; outer corona
filaments verrucose on one side toward apex.
Flowers more than 3 cm. wide when expanded, the calyx
tube nearly 1 cm. wide at throat; leaves usually puberu- -
lous beneath, at least on the midnerve, the veins not
elevated above (Guianas and Amazonian Peru and
| 5) ta § nanan ica eae van etn ie nee 331. P. costata.
Flowers not more than 3 cm. wide when expanded, the
calyx tube much less than 1 cm. wide at throat; leaves
glabrous, the nerves strongly elevated above (Ama-
WONG TAS se ces ok a ee 332. P. faroana.
Corona filaments in 1 to 8 series.
Leaves pilosulous or villosulous beneath, rarely glabrous in
P. Mansii.
Operculum cleft to base.
Calyx tube funnel-shaped, narrowed at base; outer corona
filaments strongly verrucose; leaves averaging less
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 75
than 5 em. wide, usually rounded at apex (mountains
of British Guiana and adjacent Venezuela).
333. P. sclerophylla.
Calyx tube cylindric-campanulate, enlarged at base; outer
corona filaments smooth; leaves averaging more than
5 em. wide, usually acute (central and southern Brazil).
334. P. Mansii.
Operculum denticulate, or cleft not more than to middle
(Brazil).
Outer corona filaments attenuate at apex; operculum cleft
about to middle.............. 335. P. haematostigma.
Outer corona filaments rounded at apex; operculum merely
GONGORIBIO oo 5k ee ake eres 336. P. ceratocarpa,
Leaves essentially glabrous.
Operculum borne in lower third of tube (Amazonian Brazil).
337. P. phaeocaula.
Operculum borne at middle of tube (southeastern Brazil,
except P. Tessmannii and P. venosa).
Outer corona filaments not dilated....... 338. P. elliptica.
Outer corona filaments conspicuously dilated above middle,
subdolabriform.
Flowers pendulous, the calyx tube angular.
Fruit globose, terete; inner corona filaments not
j ct 1 PR ee A ae RES 339. P. pentagona.
Fruit ovoid, 6-angled; inner corona filaments deeply
WANG ca sa watts seats 340. P. alliacea.
Flowers erect or ascending; calyx tube terete or subterete.
Inner corona filaments dilated at apex; leaves obtuse
or subacute, concolorous (Brazil).
341. P. rhamnifolia.
Inner corona filaments not dilated at apex.
Leaves obtuse or acute, concolorous (Peru).
342. P. Tessmannit.
Leaves sharply acuminate, glaucous beneath
CBOUNERD 33 'ot32nca sow wanes css 3438. P. venosa.
Section 6. Botryastrophea
Flowers in short, compact fascicles, the rachis less than 3 cm. long.
Plant a shrub or a small tree, without tendrils; leaves cuneate-
oblong; corona l-ranked (British Guiana). .344. P. Quelchii.
76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Plant scandent, usually with tendrils; leaves not cuneate-oblong,
rounded at base; corona 3-4-ranked.
Operculum borne near base of tube, deeply fimbriate; calyx tube
3 to 5 em. long (Guianas)............ 345. P. fuchsirflora.
Operculum borne near middle of tube, cleft into 5 linear seg-
ments; calyx tube 1.5 to 3 cm. long (Peru).
Calyx tube less than 2.5 em. long; ovary pubescent; operculum
cleft only in upper third.............346. P. cauliflora.
Calyx tube about 3 cm. long; ovary glabrous; operculum cleft
WOAPy LO: DAs oso Fs ce eet 347. P. skiantha.
Flowers in elongate racemes, the rachis more than 3 cm. long, some-
times bearing a few reduced leaves.
Leaves ovate-orbicular to lance-oblong, thick-coriaceous, glaucous
beneath (British Guiana and Amazonian Brazil).
348. P. longiracemosa.
Leaves ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous or sub-
coriaceous, concolorous.
Apex of leaves rounded or obtuse, often emarginate; outer corona
filaments verrucose on one side (British Guiana and
Wenernela). (2.60 on ek. hee See heats ee 349. P. securiclata.
Apex of leaves acute or caudate-acuminate; outer corona fila-
ments smooth at margin (slightly tuberculate in P. Rusby).
Petioles not more than 1 cm. long; leaves caudate-acuminate,
the tip at least 1 em. long (Amazonian Brazil).
Outer corona filaments strongly falcate-dilated; racemes
up to 5 cm. long; plant erect, the tendrils reduced to
15, 111 ape Reet Re Sena Beato ne ae ge 350. P. spicata.
Outer corona filaments filiform; racemes more than 5 em.
long; plant scandent, tendril-bearing. ..351. P. Holtiz.
Petioles more than 1 cm. long; leaves acute or acuminulate,
the tip rarely more than 1 cm. long.
Leaves less than twice as long as broad; calyx tube puber-
WOU GE a Aaa eae 352. P. pyrrhantha.
Leaves more than twice as long as broad; calyx tube gla-
brous, or minutely puberulent when young.
Outer corona filaments hatchet-shaped; leaves coria-
ceous; petiolar glands present (Colombia and
Amazonian Peru and Brazil)....... 353. P. spinosa.
Outer corona filaments linear; leaves membranous;
petiolar glands wanting (Bolivia)....354. P. Rusbyi.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE TL
Subgenus I. APODOG YNE
1. Passiflora multiflora L. Sp. Pl. 956. 1753.
Meioperis multiflora Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 103. 1838.
Cieca multiflora M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 148. 1846.
Plant densely and softly pilosulous throughout; stem subangular,
striate; stipules setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long, soon deciduous; petioles
up to 1 em. long, usually bearing 2 minute, sessile glands at apex;
leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3.5 to 10 cm. long, 1.5 to 4 em.
wide, unlobed or rarely slightly undulate-lobed near middle, obtuse
or rarely subacute at apex, rounded at base, l-nerved, reticulate-
veined, subcoriaceous, often lustrous above; flowers in fascicles of 3
(rarely 2) to 6, 1.5 em. wide, or less, the peduncles slender, 0.5 to
1 em. long, articulate at middle; bracts linear-subulate, about 2 mm.
long, borne near base of peduncle; calyx patelliform, strongly sulcate;
sepals linear-lanceolate, 3 to 4 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, acutish;
petals narrowly linear, 2 to 3 mm. long, less than 1 mm. wide, white;
corona filaments in 2 series, the outer filiform, 2 to 3 mm. long, the
inner setaceous, 1 mm. long, or less; operculum membranous, slightly
plicate, less than 1 mm. high, incurved; limen annular, closely
encircling the ovary; ovary globose, sessile, glabrous; fruit globose,
5 to 8 mm. in diameter, dark blue, glabrous; seeds oblong, about
3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, transversely 6-8-grooved, the ridges
rugulose.
TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Dominica” (Hispaniola).
ILLUSTRATIONS: L. Amoen. Acad. 1: pl. 10, f. 7; Cav. Diss. 10:
pl. 282.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Florida, Greater Antilles, and Virgin
Islands; Costa Rica, where perhaps introduced.
FLORIDA: “Southern Florida,” Simpson 494 (F, N); Garber (N);
Rugel 168 (N).—Monroe County: Key Largo, Moldenke 404 (N, Y).
—Dade County: Elliotts Key, Britton 357 (F, K, Y); Small & Mosier
5751 (S, Y); O’Neill 7586 (N). Key Largo, Pollard, Collins &
Morris 181 (BM, F, Gen, K, Minn, N). Umbrella Key, Curtiss 167
(G), 975 (B, BM, Bo, F, G, K, Minn, N, P).
Costa Rica: San Miguel, Wendland 887 (Cop).
BAHAMAS: Andros Island, Brace 305 (F), 5272 (F, Y), 6710 (F, Y).
CuBA: De la Sagra (B, V); Dupuy (Ma); Née (Ma); Wright 2598
(BM, Bo, Gen, HA, N, 8, V), 3568 (N).—Pinar del Rio: Taco Taco,
Baker 3777 (Cal, F, HV, Mo, N); Roig & Acutia 4520 (HV). Sierra
78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
de Anafe, Wilson 11405 (N, Y). Las Martinas, Shafer 11125 (N, Y).
Sierra Guane, Shafer 10519 (N, Y). Vifiales, Ekman 16578 (B, 8S).
—Habana: Somorrostra, Leén 11457 (HS); Roig & Leén 2630 (HV),
8254 (HV). Lomas de Camoa, Ekman 13443 (B,S). Isla de Pifios,
Britton, Britton & Wilson 14252 (N, Y); Leén 6104 (HS, N), 15304
(F).—Matanzas: Poeppig in 1822 (V). Pan de Matanzas, Ekman
16466 (B, BM, N, S).—Santa Clara: Trinidad, Britton, Britton &
Wilson 5581 (N, Y). Buenos Aires, Jack 6858 (N). Bahia de
Gallina, Roig 7395 (HV). Zapates, Ekman 18339 (B, 8). Peninsula
de Zapata, Roig & Cremata 2174 (F).—Camagiiey: Ganado, Shafer
923 (F, N, Y). Cayo Cuayaba, Shafer 641 (F, N, Y).—Oriente:
Santiago, Britton, Britton & Cowell 12839 (N, Y); Palmer 365 (F,
Minn, N, Ph); Ekman 4166 (S), 4498 (S). Banes, Ekman 6579 (S).
HAITI: St. Raphael, Leonard 7655 (N), 7656 (N). Ennery,
Leonard 9006 (N). Jean Rabel, Leonard & Leonard 12922 (K, N).
Mole St. Nicolas, Leonard & Leonard 13293 (N). Gonave, Ekman
H9374 (B,N). Massif des Matheux, Ekman H3045 (B, N). Gonave
Island, Leonard 3291 (N). Tortue Island, Leonard & Leonard
13957 (N).
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Bertero (Gen, V); Poiteau (Gen); Meyerhoff
(B); Sieber (V). Barahona, Fuertes 926B (Cop, F, S); Ekman H7040
(B, N). Bayajibe, Taylor 461 (F).
PUERTO Rico: Cabo Rojo, Sintenis 687 (Bo, Gen, Minn, N, 8).
Aybonito, Sintenis 2949 (J). Manati, Sintenis 6654 (N, V). Vega
Baja, Britton & Cowell 1426 (N, Y). Vega Alta, Britton, Britton &
Brown 6787 (N, Y). Martin Pefia, Britton & Britton 7118 (N, Y);
Stevenson 1248 (N).
VIRGIN ISLANDS: St. Thomas, Oersted (Cop, N).
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS: Tortola, Britton & Shafer 907 (N, Y).
In previous treatments of Passiflora this species has been placed
in Plectostemma but, though bearing a superficial resemblance to P.
holosericea, it clearly represents a wholly different group. Indeed, on
the basis of sessile ovary it might perhaps be segregated as a genus.
The correlation of gland-bearing petioles and reticulate seeds,
characteristic of Plectostemma, does not obtain in P. multiflora, for
the petioles have glands, though the seeds are transversely sulcate.
It is here placed in the monotypic subgenus A podogyne.
LOCAL NAMEs: “‘Fruta del perro,” ‘pasionaria vainilla’’ (Cuba);
“liane tafia’’ (Haiti).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 719
The specimens cited above are for the most part quite uniform.
There occurs, however, a form that is glabrous throughout.
la. Passiflora multiflora f. glabra Ekman, Arkiv Bot. 21A, No.
5: 16. 1927.
Plant glabrous throughout; otherwise as in typical P. multiflora.
BAHAMAS: H. E. Robinson 242 (K). Eleuthera Island, FZ. G.
Britton 6472 (F, Y). New Providence, E. G. Britton 3331 (F, Y),
6585 (F, Y). Andros Island, Northrop & Northrop 374 (F, K, Y).
CuBA: Pinar del Rio: Sierra Guacamayas, Ekman 17979 (B, S).
—Oriente: Baracoa, Ekman 3696 (S).
Haiti: Tortue Island, Ekman H4114 (B, S, type); Leonard &
Leonard 11307 (N), 18957 (K, N), 14000 (N).
Subgenus II. ASTEPHIA
2. Passiflora penduliflora Bert. in DC. Prodr. 3: 326. 1828.
Passiflora rotundifolia L. sensu Swartz, Obs. Bot. 387. 1791, not
P. rotundifolia L.
Passiflora rotundifolia var. Swartzii DC. Prodr. 3: 327. 1828.
Decaloba penduliflora M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 157. 1846.
Decaloba Swartzii M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 160. 1846.
Passiflora Swartzit Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 634. 1871; in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 556. 1872.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem rather coarse, strongly angulate,
striate; stipules setaceous, 3 to 4 mm. long; petioles 0.5 to 2 cm. long,
slender, glandless; leaves variable in shape, suborbicular, ovate,
oblong, or triangular-obovate, 4 to 7.5 em. long, 2.5 to 8 em. wide,
3-lobed at apex (lobes acute or obtuse, mucronulate, the middle lobe
longer, rarely shorter, than the lateral lobes), or occasionally sub-
entire, rounded at base, 3-nerved, ocellate, subcoriaceous or mem-
branous; peduncles 2 to 4 ecm. long at anthesis, 6 to 10 cm. long and
pendulous in fruit, articulate below middle; bracts subulate, 2 to 4
mm. long, subcoriaceous, deciduous; flowers up to 4 cm. wide, green-
ish yellow; calyx tube campanulate, slightly elongate after anthesis,
green ; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 0.4 to 0.6 em. wide,
obtuse; petals oblanceolate, subequaling sepals, 0.5 to 0.7 cm. wide,
rounded at apex, short-clawed at base; corona filaments in a single
series, linear-clavate, unequal, 0.5 to 1.5 mm. long, united at base to
form a fleshy ring; operculum none; limen none; ovary ovoid, gla-
80 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
brous; fruit globose or ovoid, 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter; seeds broadly
ovate, transversely 8-10-sulcate, the ridges rugulose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Mag. 77: pl. 4565; Lemaire, Jard. Fleuriste
2: pl. 114; Fl. des Serres I. 7: pl. 656.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Cuba and Jamaica.
CuBA: Bertero (B). Monte Verde, Wright 198 (B, Bo, Brux, G,
Gen, HA, P).—Santa Clara: Trinidad, Roig 5749 (HV).—Camagiiey:
Acuna 8883 (HV). La Gloria, Shafer 70 (F, N, Y).—Oriente: Santi-
ago, Britton & Cowell 12845 (B, N, Y). Ensenada de Mora, Britton,
Cowell & Shafer 13058 (Y). Sierra de Nipe, 500 meters, Ekman 6490
(S), 9073 (B). Bayate, Ekman 2747 (S), 6253 (BM, S).
JAMAICA: P. Browne (Linn, type); Swartz (S, type of P. rotundi-
folia L. sensu Swartz); Wiles (Gen); Bertero (Gen, V). Peters Vale,
Westmoreland, Harris 9941 (BM, J, N, Y). Mandeville, S. Brown
269 (Ph); Britton 1068 (Y), 3246 (Y). Troy, Harris 9414 (B, BM,
F, J, Y); Britton 611 (F, Y). Moneague, Maxon & Killip 361 (N, P),
370 (N); Alexander in 1850 (B, P). Mt. Diabolo, 700 meters, Maxon
& Killip 460 (N). Newcastle, Britton 3453 (Y). Vinegar Hill,
Portland, 1,175 meters, Maxon & Killip 831 (F, G, N, P, Y).—
Cinchona, 1,600 meters, Clute 218 (B, Minn, N); Mazon & Killip
921 (G, N); Britton 83 (Y).
In this remarkable species there is no vestige of either an oper-
culum or a limen, the inside of the calyx being smooth from the single-
ranked corona to the gynophore. The petals are distinctly clawed,
and thus unlike any other species of Passiflora. Other characters,
as the sculpturing of the seeds, subulate bracts and stipules, and
ocellate leaves, suggest a rather close relationship to Plectostemma,
section Decaloba. I am creating for it a monotypic subgenus,
Astephia.
The specimen in the Stockholm herbarium upon which Swartz
based his description of “P. rotundifolia’ is in an excellent state of
preservation, and is unmistakably P. penduliflora.
The species is represented in the Linnean Herbarium by a
single collection, one made by P. Browne probably in Jamaica. No
name is given it by Linnaeus, but Solander has written on the sheet
“Passiflora rotundifolia.”
In Jamaica the stems are used for tying fences.
LOCAL NAMES: ‘‘Bejuco de manteca,” “
(Cuba).
pasionaria vejigosa”’
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 81
Subgenus III. TRYPHOSTEMMATOIDES
3. Passiflora tryphostemmatoides Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 18: Beibl.
46: 6. 1894.
Plant slender, glabrous throughout; stipules subulate, 2mm. long;
petioles up to 5 mm. long, very slender, bearing at extreme apex 2
minute, sessile glands; leaves transversely ovate or elliptic, rarely
suborbicular, 1.2 to 1.8 em. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, rounded or
truncate, or rarely slightly emarginate at apex, cordulate or truncate
at base, 1-nerved, subcoriaceous, glaucescent beneath; peduncles
solitary in the axils of the leaves, 0.5 to 1.5 cm. long, 2-flowered at
apex, terminating in a slender tendril; pedicels 3 to 6 mm. long;
bracts setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long; flowers 1.5 cm. wide when fully
expanded, yellowish green; sepals oblong, 5 to 7 mm. long, obtuse;
petals oblong, 3 to 5 mm. long; filaments of corona in a single series,
filiform, 2 to 3 mm. long, yellowish green, streaked with pink;
operculum membranous, 1.5 mm. high, nonplicate, lacerate-cleft
half its height; limen cupuliform; ovary subglobose; fruit subglobose
or broadly ovoid, 6-angulate, up to 2.5 cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter,
yellowish green, the wall brittle; seeds obovoid, very slightly flat-
tened, 6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, finely reticulate, axis slightly curved.
TYPE LOCALITY: Above Juza, eastern slopes of the Central Andes
of Popayan, Colombia, altitude 1,700 meters.
DISTRIBUTION: Central and Western Cordilleras of Colombia,
1,700 to 2,600 meters altitude.
COLOMBIA: Mutis 2856 (Ma, N).—EI Chocé; Quibdé, Angel
(Daniel 536; N).—Huila: Juza, Lehmann 5662 (B, type, K).—Caldas:
Pereira, Killip 10164 (N).—El Valle: La Cumbre, Pennell 5154
(G, Gen, N, Ph, Y); Killip 5561 (G, K, N, Ph, Y). Miraflores,
above Palmira, Killip 6154 (G, N). Cuesta de Tocota, west of Cali,
Pittier 738 (N).—El Cauca: Andes west of Popayan, Lehmann 5915
(B, K). San Antonio, Pennell & Killip 7339 (N, Y), 8082 (N).
La Gallera, Micay Valley, Killip 7962 (N). El Tambo, von Sneidern
985 (S).
This and P. gracillima are well marked species, occupying a
position by themselves. The general appearance of the flowers
suggests Plectostemma, but the operculum is not plicate and is
lacerate-cleft about half its length.
As indicated by specimens cited, P. tryphostemmatoides is widely
distributed in western Colombia. In certain places it is abundant.
LOCAL NAME: “Golondrina”’ (El Chocé).
82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
4. Passiflora gracillima Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 112.
1924. Figure 2, b.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem slender, subterete below, angu-
late above; stipules setaceous, 2.5 to 3 mm. long; petioles up to 3 mm.
long, bearing at apex 2 minute, sessile glands; leaves oblong, ovate-
oblong, or suborbicular, 2.5 to 5 em. long, 2 to 4 em. wide, unlobed,
rounded or occasionally subemarginate at apex, truncate or cordulate
at base, entire, penninerved (5 to 7 pairs of secondary nerves),
reticulate-veined, subcoriaceous, dark green and lustrous above,
green or subglaucous beneath; peduncles solitary in the axils of the
leaves, 2 to 4 cm. long, very slender, bearing at apex 2 pediceled
flowers, and terminating in a slender tendril; flowers 1.5 to 2 cm.
wide, greenish yellow; sepals linear-lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 3 to
5 mm. wide, obtuse; petals 7 to 8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; corona
filaments in 2 series, the outer filiform, 4 to 5 mm. long, the inner
capillary, 1.5 mm. long; operculum membranous, nonplicate,
lacerate nearly to middle; limen cupuliform, 1 mm. high; ovary
ovoid or ovoid-fusiform, obscurely 6-angled, 6-ribbed; fruit ellipsoid,
3 to 5 em. long, 1.5 to 2 em. thick, 6-angled and 6-ribbed, stipitate;
seeds ovate, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, reticulate at center, the
margin thickened, faintly transverse-striate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Salento, Caldas, Colombia, 2,400 meters altitude.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Panama, Central and Western Cordil-
leras of Colombia, and central Ecuador.
PANAMA: Chiriqui: Hart 104 (K).
COLOMBIA: Caldas: Salento, Pennell 9224 (G, N), 9317 (N, Y),
9393 (A, G, N, type, Y).—El Chocé: Quibd6, Archer 1902 (N), 2034
(N).—Narifio: Between Meneses and Pasto, André 2882 (K).
Ecuapor: Chimborazo: Riobamba, Rimbach 222 (F).
Closely related to the preceding, this species differs in having
leaves longer than broad and in its longer peduncles. Further
examination of the type material indicates that the original descrip-
tion of the operculum as plicate was incorrect; it appears to be non-
plicate, essentially like that of P. tryphostemmatoides.
LOCAL NAME: “‘Granadilla.”’
Subgenus IV. DEIDAMIOIDES
5. Passiflora deidamioides Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19:57. 1923.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem subterete; stipules?; petioles
1.5 to 5 em. long, bearing 2 to 4 sessile glands; leaves trifoliolate,
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 83
the leaflets oblong or obovate-oblong, 5 to 8 cm. long, 2 to 5 cm.
wide, obtuse at apex, obtuse at base or narrowed to a short (5 to 10
mm.) petiolule, entire, 1-nerved, membranous or subcoriaceous;
peduncles solitary, 4 to 6 cm. long, slender, bearing 2 slender-
pediceled flowers (pedicels 2 to 3 cm. long), and terminating in a
long tendril; bracts setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long; flowers 5 to 6 cm.
wide; calyx tube broadly campanulate, 4 to 5 mm. long, 12 to 13
mm. wide at throat; sepals lanceolate-oblong, obtuse; petals nearly
as long as and narrower than sepals; corona in several series, the
outer 1.5 to 2 em. long, the succeeding gradually shorter, the inner-
most filiform, 3 to 5 mm. long; operculum membranous, 2 to 3 mm.
high, plicate, lobulate; limen cupuliform, adnate to base of gynophore;
ovary ovoid, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Alto da Serra, Sao Paulo, Brazil, the type col-
lected by A. Gehrt (No. 4592; in herb. Hort. Oswaldo Cruz).
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the states of Rio de Janeiro
and Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil.
BRAZIL: Sao Paulo: Puiggari 150 (P).—Rio de Janeiro: Therezo-
polis, Brade 9850 (B); De Moura 150 (Brux).
In the second edition of Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien
Harms created for this rare species a separate section of Plecto-
stemma, to which he gave the name Deidamioides. In the present
treatment I am raising the section to subgeneric rank, placing it next
to Plectostemma.
Subgenus V. PLECTOSTEMMA
Section 1. Cieca
6. Passiflora coriacea Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 109. pl. 39, f. 2.
1805.
Passiflora difformis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 186. 1817.
Passiflora clypeata J. E. Sm. in Rees, Cycl. 26: Passiflora No. 20.
1819.
Monactineirma coriacea Bory, Ann. Sci. Gén. Phys. Brux. 2:
138. 1819.
Cieca difformis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 140. 1846.
Cieca coriacea M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 148. 1846.
Passiflora sexocellata Schlecht. Linnaea 27: 521. 1854.
Passiflora obtusifolia Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 156. 1887.
Passiflora cheiroptera Cortés, Fl. Colomb. ed. 2, plate between
pp. 112 and 113. 1919, plate only.
84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Stem angulate, glabrate below, densely puberulent above; stipules
narrowly linear, 5 mm. long, acute; petioles glabrate or puberulent,
2 to 4 em. long, bearing usually at or below middle, rarely near apex,
2 sessile or subsessile glands (sometimes 4-glandular), the glands
about 1 mm. in diameter; leaves 3 to 7 cm. long (midnerve), 7 to
25 em. wide, normally 2 (or obscurely 3)-lobed (lateral lobes di-
vergent, acute or rarely obtuse), peltate, 5-nerved, reticulate-veined,
ocellate beneath, coriaceous, cartilaginous at margin, glabrous; upper
inflorescence a terminal raceme 4 to 6 cm. long, destitute of leaves,
with stipules and bractlike, biglandular appendages (the petioles of
abortive leaves) at the base of the pedicels, the lower flowers solitary
or usually in pairs in the axils of the leaves; flowers 2.5 to 3.5 cm.
wide, yellowish: green; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long,
4 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse; petals none; corona filaments in 2 series,
those of the outer filiform, 7 to 8 mm. long, the inner linear, 2 mm.
long, 0.6 mm. wide; operculum membranous, plicate, the margin
slightly incurved; limen annular, thick, barely 1 mm. high, dark
brown; ovary ovoid, glabrous; fruit globose, 1 to 2 cm. in diameter,
glabrous; seeds obcordate to obovate, about 4 mm. long, 2 mm.
wide, curved, conspicuously beaked, each face coarsely reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Fé, near Honda, Department of Tolima,
Colombia.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Hernandez, Rer. Medic. Nov. Hisp. Thes. 435;
Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: pl. 39, f. 2; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2:
pl. 22, f. 2; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 21: 499. f. 230A, B;
Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 32; Cortés, Fl. Colomb. ed. 2, plate
between pp. 112 and 118.
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico to northern Peru and northern Bolivia,
up to 2,000 meters altitude; known also from British Guiana on the
basis of a single collection.
Mexico: Iiebmann 4080 (Cop), 4081 (Cop), 4084 (Cop), 4085
(Cop), 4156 (Cop); Sessé & Mociio 4457 (Ma), 4458 (Ma), 4462
(Ma, type of P. obtusifolia).—Sinaloa: Mazatlan, Brandegee in 1890
(Cal).—San Luis Potosi: Tamasopo, Pennell 17985 (N). Tamazun-
chale, Lundell & Lundell 7149 (N).—Nayarit: Tres Marias Islands,
Mason 1772 (CAS, N).—Jalisco: San Sebastian, Mexia 1448 (N).—
Veracruz: Hahn 106 (P). Qualtepec, Liebmann 4083 (Cop, N).
Misantla, Iiebmann 4082 (Cop); Purpus 5580 (B, BM, Cal, F, G,
Mo, N, Y). Tantoyuca, Ervendberg 211 (G).—Mexico: Rincon,
Hinton 3030 (K, N), 4655 (K, N).—Colima: Manzanillo, Ferris 6208
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 85
(N).—Tabasco: San Juan Bautista, Rovirosa 212 (K, N, Ph).—
Yucatan: Chichankanab, Gawmer 23714 (F). Yucatan, Gawmer
24415 (Gen, Mo). Tuxpefia, Lwndell 1210 (Mich, N). Champoton,
Steere 1888 (N).
GUATEMALA: Tejada 248 (N). Secanquim, Goll 27 (N). Chocén
Plantation, Watson (G).—Petén: Uaxactin, Bartlett 12270 (N),
12755 (Mich). La Libertad, Lundell 2349 (Mich), 2439 (Mich).—
Alta Verapaz: Cubilquitz, Tiirckheim 8215 (B, G, N). Chama, H.
Johnson 273 (N).—Izabal: Puerto Barrios, Standley 24959 (N).
Quirigua, Standley 24014 (N), 24607 (N). Cristina, Blake 7595 (N).
San Felipe, Deam 10 (G, Mich).—Suchitepéquez: Las Animas,
Shannon 274 (N).
HONDURAS: Santa Barbara: San Pedro Sula, Thieme 5242 (N).
—Atlantida: Tela, Standley 52783 (N), 54712 (N), 56658 (N)
Puerto Sierra, Wilson 256 (N, Y), 583 (Y).
BRITISH HONDURAS: Honey Camp, Lundell 636 (N). Belize
River, Lundell 3836 (N), 3839 (Mich), 3841 (Mich), 3842 (Mich).
Corozal, Gentle 215 (N), 255 (N), 514 (N), 527 (Mich). El Cayo,
Bartlett 12011 (N); Chanek 4 (N). Alfonsoville, Gentle 821 (N).
Kendal, Schipp 803 (Gen, Mich).
SALVADOR: Izalco, Pittier 1949 (N).—Ahuachapan: Padilla 163
(N).—San Salvador: San Salvador, Standley 20602 (N), 22723 (N);
Calderén 829 (N).—San Vicente, Standley 21306 (N).
CosTA RIca: Pittier 6584 (Brux); Tonduz 14830 (K). Las Vuel-
tas, Tucurrique, Tonduz 12808 (B, N, P). Limon, Pittier 3630
(BM, N). Hacienda de Zent, United Fruit Company 344 (N). Golfo
Dulce, Brenes 105 (V).
PANAMA: Canal Zone: Gaillard in 1909 (N). Barbacoas, Hayes in
1862 (BM). Las Cascadas, Standley 29594 (N). Darién, Standley
31617 (N). Empire, Piper 5479 (N). Alhajuela, Pittier 3456 (N).
Barro Colorado Island, Shattuck 57 (N).
BRITISH GUIANA: Essequibo, Lejos 43 (B).
COLOMBIA: Mutis (Linn, type of P. clypeata); Lehmann B. T. 1162
(Y).—Magdalena: Cincinnati, Giacometto 4 (Ph). Santa Marta,
Purdie (K, erroneously labeled ‘“Jamaica’’).—Atlantico: Campo
Alegre, H. H. Smith 1955 (Y). Onaca, H. H. Smith 2781 (Y). Vic-
toria, Viereck in 1922 (N).—Bolivar: Turbaco, Killip & Smith 14415
(G, N, Y). Cartagena, Heriberto 392 (N).—Santander: Narifio,
Killip & Smith 14970 (G, N, Y). Bucaramanga, Killip & Smith
86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
16343 (A, G, N, Y), 19062 (G, N, Y), 21156 (N). Tona, Inst. de La
Salle, Bogoté (Bog).—Cundinamarca: Fusagasuga, Goudot in 1844
(P). La Mesa, Triana 2933 (BM, Gen, HNC, P). Nilo, Pérez 510
(N).—Boyaca: Inst. de La Salle, Bogots (Bog).—Tolima: Honda,
Humboldt & Bonpland (P, type). El Moral, Quindio Trail, Hum-
boldt & Bonpland (type of P. difformis; B, P). Rio Cuello, Hazen
9652 (G, N, Y); Killip 9726 (G, N). Ibagué, Cuatrecasas 3245 (Ma).
—Caldas: Manizales, Pennell 10190 (A, G, N).—El Valle: La Ma-
nuelita, Pennell & Killip 6180 (G, N). Zarzal, Pennell, Killip &
Hazen 8500 (IN), 8581 (N). Puerto Caldas, Killip & Hazen 11023
(N). Cisneros, Killip 11442 (G, N). Rio Dagua, Lehmann 2777
(BM, Bo). La Paila, Holton 703 (Y).
EcuADOR: Coastal plain, Rimbach 255 (N).
PERU: Haenke 1882 (Pr).—San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6461
(B, Gen, Go); Spruce 4532 (V). Chasuta, Klug 3963 (N). Alto Rio
Huallaga, L. Williams 5517 (N), 5751 (N). —Junin: San Ramon,
Killip & Smith 24907 (F, N, Y).
BOLIVIA: Beni: San Buenaventura, M ulford Biol. Expl. 1196
(N, Y).
This well marked, widely distributed species was figured in 1651
by Hernandez and described under the name tzinacanatlapatli. In
typical specimens the two lobes are divaricate at an angle of about
90 degrees from the midrib, the upper margin being nearly a straight
line; hence the leaf is transversely oblong-elliptic. Often a middle
lobe is present, varying from a mere point toa short, broadly truncate
lobe or a well defined, lance-oblong lobe (Salvador, Standley 20188;
Padilla 163). These latter plants strongly resemble forms of P.
suberosa, but may be distinguished by the larger, sessile or subsessile
petiolar glands and the peltate leaves. Otherwise the material cited
above is remarkably uniform. Lehmann 2777, from Colombia, has
ovate stipules, and is strongly suggestive of P. trinifolia. The type
of P. obtusifolia is an atypical plant, with thinner leaves, the middle
lobe short and broadly truncate and the lateral lobes obtuse.
LOCAL NAMES: “Hoja de murciélago’” (Mexico, Guatemala);
“‘murciélago” (Mexico, Salvador); “‘media luna,” “granadilla del
monte’ (Guatemala); “ala de murciélago” (Salvador); “bejuco de
blatijito’”’ (Colombia) ; “‘uchuanquirisi” (Inca).
7. Passiflora clypeophylla Mast. Bot. Gaz. 16: 7. 1891.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem flattened, grooved; stipules
narrowly linear, 5 mm. long, acute, coriaceous; petioles 2 to 3 cm.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 87
long, bearing at middle 2 sessile glands about 1 mm. in diameter;
leaves subrotund or obscurely 3-lobed, 7 to 8 cm. long, 8 to 10 cm.
wide, peltate, 5—7-nerved, reticulate-veined, entire or emarginate at
tips of nerves, membranous, slightly cartilaginous at margin, dark
green above, glaucous beneath; peduncles solitary or in pairs, 1.5 to
2.5 em. long, slender, articulate at middle; bracts early deciduous;
flowers 1 to 1.5 cm. wide; sepals oblong, 7 mm. long, 3 mm. wide,
obtuse, yellowish green; petals none; corona filaments in 2 series, the
outer filiform, 6 mm. long, purple at base, yellow toward apex,
refiexed, the inner linear-clavate, 2 mm. long, erect; operculum mem-
branous, plicate, the apex incurved, denticulate; limen annular;
ovary globose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Barranca del Rubelcruz, Alta Verapaz, northern
Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in northern
Guatemala.
GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Barranca del Rubelcruz, 770 meters,
J. D. Smith 1625 (N, type).
This species, though rather closely related to P. coriacea, is
readily distinguished by its thinner, nearly orbicular leaves and its
more slender peduncles. The single specimen examined shows no
evidence of the terminal raceme of flowers frequent in P. coriacea.
8. Passiflora tenuiloba Engelm. in Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.
6: 192. 1850.
Passiflora Bigelovii Small, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 283. 1899.
Stem slender, subterete, glabrous or slightly pilosulous; stipules
linear-setaceous, about 3 mm. long; petioles up to 8 mm. long,
bearing 2 sessile, saucer-shaped glands at the extreme apex of the
petiole or occasionally one on each of the lowermost lateral nerves
close to their base, the glands 1 to 1.2 mm. in diameter, sessile;
leaves deeply 3-lobed (lobes linear or cuneate, oblong, often aristu-
late, the lateral up to 8 em. long, 0.8 to 2 em. wide, once or twice
lobed, the middle lobe from one-third to two-thirds as long as
the lateral lobes, entire to 3-lobed), subcordate at base, 3—5-nerved,
strongly reticulate-veined, few-ocellate, coriaceous, sparsely or
densely pilosulous above, glabrous beneath; peduncles solitary or
in pairs, 3 to 7 mm. long, very slender, articulate at middle, finely
pilosulous, at length glabrous; bracts apparently none (at least
early deciduous); flowers about 2 em. wide, greenish; sepals linear-
lanceolate, 6 to 8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, obtuse, hyaline-margined;
88, FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
petals none; corona filaments in 2 series, those of the outer narrowly
linear, 3 to 4 mm. long, the inner ones filiform, 2 mm. long; operculum
membranous, closely plicate, minutely denticulate at margin;
limen annular, borne within 1 mm. of operculum; ovary globose,
glabrous; fruit globose, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter; seeds ovate-oblong,
3 to 4mm. long, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide, acute at ends, reticulate at middle
of each face, 5-suleate at margin, the axis slightly curved.
TYPE LOCALITY: Western Texas (type collected by Lindheimer).
DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern Texas to southern New
Mexico and northern Tamaulipas, Mexico.
TEXAS: Manon Spring, Havard in 1888 (N). Pecos, Bigelow
(Mexican Boundary Survey 393d; G, N, Y). Camp Green, Bigelow
(Mexican Boundary Survey 393c; B, Y, type of P. Bigelovii). Dallas
Co., Reverchon in 1877 (Y). Sterling Co., Tharp 3615 (N). Travis
Co., Tharp 2850 (N). Hays Co., Tharp 1538 (N). Kerr Co., Bray
164 (N). Crockett Co., Reverchon 328 (F). Terrell Co., Wooton in
1911 (N). Brewster Co., Tharp 3616 (N). Wilson Co., Palmer in
1879 (G). Uvalde Co., E. J. Palmer 10192 (N). Duval Co., Croft 64
(Y). Webb Co., Schott (F). Starr Co., Nealley 161 (F), 204 (Penn).
New Mexico: Wright 171 (K), 216 (BM, G, K, N), 1083 (B, Bo,
G,N,P). Dona Ana Co., Bigelow (Mexican Boundary Survey 393; N).
MExIco: Tamaulipas: El Mulato, Bartlett 11016 (N).
In P. tenuiloba the glands are borne either just below the subcor-
date base of the blade—hence, on the petiole—or just above—hence
on the lowermost nerves, a point which suggests that this species
is a connecting link between the two principal sections of Plecto-
stemma. Further evidence of its intermediate position lies in the
sculpturing of the seeds. The faces are reticulate at the center,
transversely grooved toward the edges, thus exhibiting the principal
- distinguishing characters of the two sections. Clearly, however,
the species is more closely related to P. coriacea and P. suberosa
than to any species of Decaloba.
In the form described as P. Bigelovii the middle leaf lobe is propor-
tionately longer.
9. Passiflora suberosa L. Sp. Pl. 958. 1753.
Passiflora pallida L. Sp. Pl. 955. 1758.
Passiflora hirsuta L. Sp. Pl. 958. 1758.
Passiflora minima L. Sp. Pl. 959. 1753.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 89
Passiflora nigra Jacq. Obs. Bot. 2: 27. pl. 46, f. 3. 1767.
Passiflora glabra Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Passiflora No. 4. 1768.
(?)Passiflora olivaeformis Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Passiflora No.
6. 1768.
Passiflora peltata Cav. Diss. 10: 447. pl. 274. 1780.
Cieca viridis Medic. Malvenfam. 97. 1787.
Cieca nigra Medic. Malvenfam. 97. 1787.
Passiflora angustifolia Swartz, Prodr. 97. 1788.
Passiflora parviflora Swartz, Prodr. 97. 1788.
Passiflora heterophylla Dryand. in Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 309. 1789,
not P. heterophylla Lam.
Passiflora hederaefolia Lam. Encycl. 3: 38. 1789.
Passiflora longifolia Lam. Encycl. 3: 40. 1789.
Passiflora hederacea Cav. Diss. 10: 448. 1790.
Granadilla suberosa Gaertn. f. Fruct. & Sem. 2: 480. 1791.
Cieca heterophylla Moench, Meth. Pl. Suppl. 101. 1802.
Cieca suberosa Moench, Meth. Pl. Suppl. 102. 1802.
Cieca minima Moench, Meth. Pl. Suppl. 102. 1802.
Passiflora litoralis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 188. 1817.
Baldwinia peltata Raf. Amer. Monthly Mag. 267. 1817.
Monactineirma angustifolia Bory, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux.
2: 188. 1819.
Monactineirma minima Bory, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: 188.
1819.
Monactineirma suberosa Bory, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: 138.
1819.
Monactineirma peltata Bory, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: 138.
1819.
Monactineirma hederacea Bory, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2:
138. 1819.
Passiflora oliviformis Vell. Fl. Flum. 9: pl. 83. 1827.
Passiflora globosa Vell. Fl. Flum. 9: pl. 85. 1827.
Passiflora Kohautiana Presl, Fl. Bemerk. 72. 1836.
Passiflora villosa MacFadyen, Fl. Jamaica 2: 151. 1837, not
P. villosa Vell.
Meioperis peltata Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 103. 1838.
Meioperis suberosa Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 103. 1838.
90 FIELD MusEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Meioperis minima Raf. FI. Tellur. 4: 108. 1838.
Meioperis pallida Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 103. 1838.
Meioperis angustifolia Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 103. 1838.
Meitoperis hederacea Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 103. 1838.
Passiflora Warei Nutt. in Sillim. Journ. ex Torr. & Gray, Fl. N.
Amer. 1: 589. 1838.
Passiflora limbata Tenore, Ind. Sem. Hort. Neap. 12. 1839; Ann.
Sci. Nat. II. 18: 380. 1840.
Passiflora flexuosa Gardn. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 174. 1842.
Passifiora pseudo-suberosa Fisch. Ind. Sem. Hort. Bot. Petropol.
9: 82,,ex Walp. Rep. 2: 934. 1843.
Cieca peltata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 141. 1846.
Cieca hederacea M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 141. 1846.
Cieca pallida M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 142. 1846.
Cieca angustifolia M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 148. 1846.
Cieca olivaeformis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 144. 1846.
Cieca globosa M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 144. 1846.
Cieca littoralis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 145. 1846.
Cieca pseudo-suberosa M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 146. 1846.
Cieca Waret M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 146. 1846.
Cieca minima M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 147. 1846.
Creca flecuosa M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 148. 1846.
Cieca limbata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 148. 1846.
Passiflora hirsuta var. parvifolia M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2:
174. 1846.
Passiflora lineariloba Hook. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 222. 1851.
Passiflora tridactylites Hook. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 222. 1851.
Passiflora puberula Hook. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 223. 1851.
Passiflora suberosa var. divaricata Griseb. Bonplandia 6: 7. 1858.
Passiflora suberosa var. minima Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 630.
1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 579. 1872.
Passiflora suberosa var. hirsuta Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 630.
1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 579. 1872.
Passiflora suberosa var. hirsuta subvar. argentea Mast. Trans.
Linn. Soc. 27: 680. 1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 579. 1872.
Passiflora suberosa var. angustifolia Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27:
630. 1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 579. 1872.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 91
Passiflora suberosa var. pallida Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 630.
1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 579. 1872.
Passiflora suberosa var. hederacea Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27:
630. 1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 579. 1872.
Passiflora suberosa var. lineariloba Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13,
pt. 1: 579. 1872.
Passiflora suberosa var. longiloba Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V.
Bot. 17: 157. 1873.
Passiflora suberosa var. longipes Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 149.
1890.
Passiflora calliaquatica Krause, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 32, pt. 2;
340. 1914.
Plant glabrous to densely pubescent, the lower portion of the
stem corky; stipules linear-subulate, 6 to 8 mm. long; petioles 0.5
to 4 em. long, biglandular, the glands usually less than 0.5 mm. in
diameter and distinctly stipitate, rarely larger and subsessile, borne
above middle of petiole; leaves highly variable in outline, entire
to deeply 3-lobed (lobes narrowly linear to broadly ovate, suberect
or widely divergent, acute or obtuse), rounded or occasionally
peltate at base, membranous or subcoriaceous, sometimes ocellate
beneath; flowers 0.8 to 3 cm. wide, solitary or in pairs in the axils
of the leaves, or occasionally in leafy, axillary racemes; bracts
minute, setaceous, soon deciduous; sepals ovate-lanceolate, subob-
tuse, greenish yellow; petals none; corona filaments in 2 series, fili-
form, the outer recurved, white, yellow at apex, purple below, those
of the inner series capitellate; operculum membranous, plicate,
minutely fimbrillate, white, the margin incurved; limen annular;
ovary subglobose or ovoid, glabrous; fruit globose or ovoid, dark
purple or black, glaucous when young, 6 to 15 mm. in diameter;
seeds flattened, slightly curved, abruptly acuminate at apex, tapering
at base, 3 to 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, coarsely reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: “‘Dominica,”’ probably Hispaniola.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Plum. Desc. Pl. Amer. pl. 84, 85, 88, 89; Pluk.
Alm. pl. 210, f. 3; Amoen. Acad. 1: pl. 10, f. 2, f. 14, f. 16, f. 18; Jacq.
Obs. Bot. 2: pl. 46, f. 3; Cav. Diss. 10: pl. 265, 266, 270; Trans.
Linn. Soc. 2: pl. 5; Jaeq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 2: pl. 181; Jacq. Hort.
Vind. 1: pl. 20, 163; Bot. Reg. 2: pl. 144; 3: pl. 188; 8: pl. 660;
Smith, Exot. Bot. 1: pl. 28; Illus. Ind. Bot. 2: pl. 108; Gaertn. f.
Fruct. & Sem. 2: pl. 177, f. 1; Bot. Mag. 45: pl. 1983; Vell. Fl. Flum.
9: pl. 83, 85; Britton, Fl. Berm. 251; Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 31.
92 FIELD Museum OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
DISTRIBUTION: Common throughout tropical America, except
in the Guianas, where it is unknown, or at least rare. Introduced in
Old World tropics. In the following list of exsiccatae specimens
without collectors’ numbers are not included, and hundreds of
specimens in European herbaria are omitted.
FLORIDA (Peninsular Florida and the Keys): Nuttall (BM, type
of P. Waret); Baldwin 45 (Penn); E. G. Britton 407 (F, Y), 463 (F, Y);
N. L. Britton 158 (F); Curtiss 973 (F, N), 974 (Minn, N), 5641
(Bo, Cal, Minn, N); Cutter, Small & Carter 731 (Ph); Eaton 407 (F);
Fredholm 5608 (N); J. A. Harris C17410 (Minn); Hitchcock 105
(F, Minn, N); Killip 31667 (N); Lansing 2177 (F), 2890 (F);
Moldenke 323 (Y), 340 (N, Y), 516 (N, Y), 517 (Y), 526 (N, Y),
550a (Y); Mosier 268 (N); Pollard, Collins & Morris 158 (F, Minn,
N); Rugel 255 (Bo), 256 (Bo), 257 (Bo); Safford & Mosier 32 (N),
227 (N), 298 (N), 299 (N); Stimpson 260 (F, N); Small et al. 5733
(S, Y), 5787 (S, Y), 5923 (S, Y), 6586 (S, Y); Standley 18987 (N);
Tracy 7518 (F, N), 7655 (F, Minn, N), 9168 (F, Minn, N, Penn);
Weber 225 (F).
TEXAS: Brownsville, Rose 18110 (N); Rose & Russell 24283 (N);
Runyon 512 (N).
Mexico: Chihuahua: Gentry 2910 (F).—Durango: Rose 3504 (N).
—San Luis Potosi: Pringle 3520 (G); Purpus 5048 (Cal), 5049 (Cal).
—Nayarit: Ferris 5589 (N, S).—Jalisco: Reko 4574 (N); Rose 2946
(G, N); Rose & Hough 4748 (N); Rose & Painter 7395 (N); Guada-
lajara, Pringle 2966 (G, type of P. suberosa var. longipes).—Hidalgo:
Coulter 58 (G), 59 (G).— Veracruz: Galeott 3657 (Brux), 3659 (Brux),
3661 (Brux, Gen, P), 3663 (Brux, Gen, P); Liebmann 4124-4138,
inclusive (all Cop); Linden 751 (Bo, Gen); Miiller 217 (Y); Purpus
2067 (Cal, F, G, Mo, N, Y), 6234 (Cal), 7128 (Cal), 15740 (Mich);
C. L. Smith 1888 (G).—Puebla: Purpus 1272 (B, Cal, Gen, Mo, P),
3548 (Cal, F, G, N, Y), 3544 (B, Cal, F, G, N, Y), 8545 (Cal, Mo),
3547 (Cal), 4072 (Cal), 4073 (Cal); Rose & Hay 5838 (N); Rose,
Painter & Rose 9957 (N).—Mexico: Hinton 4519 (K, N), 4700 (K).—
Guerrero: Lyonnet 303 (N); Palmer 409b (N).—Oaxaca: Conzatti
2183 (F, G), 4419% (N).—Yucatan: Gawmer 1082 (F), 1304 (F),
2168 (F), 2169. (F), 23606 (F, N), 23669 (F, N), 23692 (F), 23971
_ (F, Gen, Mo, N), 24417 (Gen); Schott 898 (F).
GUATEMALA: Deam 6193 (N); Lehmann 2512 (N); Rodriguez
1481 (P), 2323 (P).—Petén: Lundell 3844 (Mich).—Jalapa: Heyde &
Luz 3777 (G, N).—Guatemala: Rodriguez 1405 (P).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 93
BRITISH HONDURAS: Gentle 23 (N), 42 (Mich).
SALVADOR: Standley 20188 (N).
Costa RICA: Brenes 6158, in part (F), 13675 (F); Standley 33063
(N), 41490 (N); Tonduz 10903 (N); Torres 80 (N).
PANAMA: Lehmann 1849 (Bo).—Colén: Pittier 4402 (N).—
Panama: Killip 12039 (N); Standley 25357 (N), 30733 (N).
WEsT INDIES: 2 sheets of uncertain origin (Linn, type of P.
minima).
BERMUDA: Britton & Brown 23 (Cop,.F, N, Penn, Ph, Y); S.
Brown 718 (N, Ph); F. S. Collins 235 (F, N); Millspaugh 44 (F).
BAHAMAS: Brace 198 (F), 1518 (F), 1955 (F), 4110 (F), 4414
(F, N, Y), 4774 (F, N, Y); E. G. Britton 3322 (F, Y), 6415 (F, Y);
Britton & Millspaugh 2189 (F, N, Y), 2463 (F), 6174 (F); Bryant 4
(G); Eggers 4406 (Cop); Millspaugh 2213 (F), 2237 (F), 2318 (F),
2351 (F), 9073 (F); Nash & Taylor 883 (F), 1097 (F), 3779 (N, Y);
Northrop 216 (F), 242 (Bo, F), 389 (F); Small & Carter 8815 (F),
8822 (F); Wight 156 (F); Wilson 8262 (F).
CuBA: Combs 50 (F, G), 304 (G); De la Sagra 1369 (N, P); Earle
& Wilson 1575 (HV), 2409 (HV); Eggers 4873 (J, N); Liebmann 59
(Cop), 74 (Cop); Millspaugh 1453 (G); Sauvalle 8 (F); Shafer 1018,
3597, 4857 (all F); Van Hermann 331, 781, 863, 914 (all F); Wilson
1099 (HV), 1308 (HV).—Pinar del Rio: Baker & Abarca 3722 (HV);
Leén 13197 (HS); Palmer & Riley 194 (N); Shafer 10474, 10564,
11677 (all N, Y); Van Hermann 3224 (HV).—Habana: Baker 1952,
3379, 4129, 4155, 4236, 53818 (all HV); Curtiss 552 (Cop, N, Ph); Ek-
man 822 (S), 950 (S), 12349 (B, S); Killip 13523 (N), 13828 (N);
Leon 2451 (HS), 6363 (HS), 7496 (HS, N); O’Donovan 2252 (HV);
Roig & Leén 7923 (HV), 8258 (HV); Van Hermann 3306, 3921, 5032
(all HV).—Matanzas: Britton, Britton & Shafer 28 (HV, Y), 584
(HV, Y); Britton & Wilson 1380 (HV, Y); Leén 9645 (HS); Killip
13941 (N).—Santa Clara: Baker 2485 (HV), 4947 (HV); Jack 4807,
4994, 5296 (all N), 5485 (N, Y), 5770 (N); Luna 395 (HS), 613 (HS);
L. B. Smith et al. 3075 (N).—Camagiiey: Shafer 121 (F, N, Y), 380
(F, N, Y), 442 (N, Y), 2529 (F, N, Y), 2564 (F, N, Y), 2768 (F, N,
Y).—Oriente: Bailey 15109 (N); Britton 2019 (F, N, Y); Ekman
1431, 2025, 2069, 2607, 2696, 2708, 3718, 4737, 4925, 5045, 5663,
5665, 7551 (all S), 7977 (N, S), 8844 (S), 9837 (S); Leén 8675, 10362,
10558 (all HS); Maxon 4002 (N); Pollard, Palmer & Palmer 79 (F,
Minn, N, Ph), 249 (F, Minn, N); Shafer 3071, 3073, 3208 (all N, Y);
94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Wright 197 (BM, Bo, Brux, G, Gen, HA), 1245 (Bo, F, G, HA, N,
S, V), 2597 (BM, Bo, G, Gen, HA).
HAITI: Cook 48 (N); Ekman H9347 (N); Leonard 3038a, 3314,
3462 (all N), 3463 (F, N), 3562 (BM, G, N, Ph), 3610 (F, G, N, Ph),
4818 (G, N, Ph), 4852 (N, Ph), 4997 (F, N), 5135 (G, N); Leonard &
Leonard 7140, 7394a, 7662, 7952, 8116, 8521, 8811, 9631, 9726, 9788,
11181, 11294, 11323, 11901, 12713, 13952, 13962 (all N); Miller 222
(N), 225 (N); Nash 155 (F, Y).
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Abbott 1469, 1715a, 1724, 2507, 2834
(all N); Faris 24, 121, 310, 442 (all N); Fuerte’ 160 (BM, F, G, N, V);
Miller 1116 (N), 1117 (N); Millspaugh 831 (F), 854 (F); Raunkiaer
1356 (Cop); Rose 3796, 4164, 4442 (all N); Wright, Parry & Brummel
27, 28, 30 (all N).
JAMAICA: S. Brown 115 (Ph); P. Browne (Linn); Crawford 115,
680, 681, 737, 742, 759, 824 (all Ph); Fredholm 3076 (N); Harris 6877
(F, J), 12747 (F, G, J, N); Lehmann 3800 (Bo); Lloyd 1074 (F);
Maxon 1679 (N), 10398 (N); Maxon & Killip 338 (F, G, N, Y), 343
(N, Y), 389 (F, G, N, Y), 1426a (N), 1580 (N), 1655a (F, N, Y), 1657
(F, G, N, Y), 1701 (F, G, N, Y); Miller Herbarium (BM, type of
P. glabra); Millspaugh 1994 (F); Swartz (S, type of P. angustifolia) ;
Wight 23 (F).
PUERTO RIco: Britton, Cowell & Brown 4637 (F, Y), 5030 (F, N,
Y); Britton & Wheeler 38 (F, N, Y); Goll 185, 311, 312, 331, 409
(all N); Heller 6068 (F, G, HV, N, Ph), 6324 (F, G, HV, N, Ph);
Prey 21 (N), 80 (N); Sintenis 644 (G, N, 8), 811 (G, N, S), 811c (B),
1681 (J, N), 3487 (G, N), 3488 (F, G, Gen, N, V), 5114 (G, N), 5667
(Gen, V), 5668 (G); Shafer 2506 (F, N, Y), 2788 (N, Y); Stahl 608
(S); Stevenson 1856 (N); Underwood & Griggs 472 (N), 601 (N).
VIRGIN ISLANDS (U. S.): St. Croix, Ricksecker 186 (F, Minn, N),
322 (F, N); J. B. Thompson 367 (N). St. John, Britton & Shafer 226
(N, Y), 587 (N, Y). St. Thomas, Britton & Marble 1228 (N, Y);
Wydler 88 (Gen).
VIRGIN ISLANDS (British): Tortola, Fishlock 24, 39, 141 (all G),
152 (G, N, Ph).
St. MARTIN: Boldingh 2721, 2734, 2757, 2764, 2834, 2871 (all Ut).
SABA: Boldingh 314 (Ut), 1668 (Ut).
ANGUILLA: Boldingh 3498 (Ut).
St. Eustatius: Boldingh 192, 271, 313, 342, 490, 690, 713 (all Ut),
837 (Ut, Y).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 95
BONAIRE: Boldingh 7042, 7263, 7396 (all Ut).
ANTIGUA: Rose 3460 (N).
GUADELOUPE: Duss 3616 (Cop, N), 3909 (N, Y), 3929 (N); Stehlé
190, 258, 317 (all N).
Dominica: Jacquin (V).
MONTSERRAT: Shafer 424 (F, N, Y).
MARTINIQUE: Bélanger 811 (P); Duss 873 (Y), 874 (Cop), 4690
(Cop); Hahn 586 (BM).
BARBADOS: Dash 518 (N).
St. VINCENT: H. H. & G. W. Smith 615 (G, J), 1314 (BM),
1616 (N). Between Kingston and Calliagua, Eggers(?) 15718 (B,
type of P. calliaquatica).
GRENADA: Broadway 1720 (G); Miller 316 (N).
ARUBA: Boldingh 6515 (Ut, Y).
Curacao: Boldingh 4726, 4926, 5107 (all Ut); Britton & Shafer
2975 (N, Y); Curran & Haman 205 (G, N, Ph); Killip & Smith 21044
[GNe Y)
TRINIDAD: Broadway 7726 (N); Kuntze 961 (Y); Trinidad Herb.
526, 641, 5017, 10389, 12568 (all T), 3618 (N, T).
VENEZUELA: Sucre: Broadway 285, 291, 340, 374 (all G, N, Y).—
Miranda: Pittier 11970 (Gen, N, Y).—Federal District: Eggers 13440
(Cop); Pittier 7871 (N), 9567 (G, N), 9783 (N), 12259 (N), 18598
(N).—Aragua: Fendler 473 (G, Mo, Y).
COLOMBIA: Magdalena: H. H. Smith 1531 (Y), 2624 (F, Mo, N,
Y).—Atlantico: Pennell 12074 (G, N, Ph, Y).—Bolivar: Billberg
121 (S), 122 (S); Killip & Smith 14164 (A, G, N, Y), 14168 (G, N,
Y), 14329 (G, N), 14479 (G, N, Y).—Norte de Santander: Killip &
Smith 20887 (G, N).—Santander: Killip & Smith 15029 (G, N, Y),
16834 (G, N, Y), 18398 (G, N).—Cundinamarca: Lehmann 2515
(Bo, N); Triana, Passiflora No. 5 (HNC). Tocaima, Goudot (P,
type of P. suberosa var. longiloba).—Antioquia: Archer 152 (N), 370
(N, Ut), 759, 1009, 1041 (all N); Pennell 10919 (G, N).—Caldas:
Killip 10165 (G, N, Ph, Y); Pennell 10182 (G, N, Ph, Y), 10641 (N).
—E]l Valle: Killip 11262 (N), 11673 (G, N, Ph, Y); Lehmann 3332
(Bo, N), 3387 (BM).
EcuaDor: Eggers 15237 (F).—Manabi: Eggers 15583 (P).—
Guayas: Eggers 14427 (N); Holmgren 55 (BM, N, S); Mille 42a (N);
Stevens 322 (N), 324 (N).—Leén: Lehmann 4579 (G, N).—Huigra:
96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Rose 22294 (G, N, Y), 28854 (N).—Col6n (Galapagos Islands):
Andersson (K, type of P. tridactylites, P,S); Baur 160 (G); Heindachner
68 (V); Howell 8747 (CAS), 9665 (CAS, N); Schimpff 52 (CAS, Gen,
Ut); Snodgrass & Heller 321 (G), 625 (G); Stewart 2074 (CAS, G),
2075 (CAS, G, N, Y), 2076 (CAS), 2077 (CAS, G), 2078 (CAS),
2079 (CAS, G, N), 2080, 2081, 2082 (all CAS, G).
PERU: Dombey 734 (P).—Ttmbez: Weberbauer 7638 (F).—Lima:
Gaudichaud 154 (Gen, P), 154bis (P); Killip & Smith 21524 (N, Y);
Macbride 2855 (F); Pennell 12207 (N, Ph, Y), 14772 (Ph); Rose 18773
(N, Y); C. S. Sargent 86 (N); Savatier 1438 (K), 1439 (K); Wawra
2651 (V).
BOoLiviA: La Paz: Mandon 612 (BM, G, Gen, K, P, 8, V, Y).—
Santa Cruz: Herzog 1657 (S, V).—Tarija: Pflanz 4005 (N).
BRAZIL: Glaziou 5875 (Cop), 21461 (Cop).—Minas Geraes:
Chase 9262 (N); Mosén 1855 (S); Regnell III.640 (S); Warming 1176
(Cop), 1177 (Cop).—Rio de Janeiro: Peckholt 8 (V), 595 (Brux).—
Sao Paulo: Lofgren 343 (Cop), 436 (Cop).—Parana: Dusén 9960,
15932, 18020 (all S).—Rio Grande do Sul: Lindman 247 (S); Malme
614 (S); Reineck & Czermak 361 (S).
PARAGUAY: Wawra 344 (V).
ARGENTINA: Jujuy: Venturt 5175 (N).—Tucuman: Venturi 357
(N), 1607 (N), 4404 (N, Ut), 7916 (G, N).—Misiones: Ekman 1511
(S), 1512 (S).
As indicated by the long synonymy cited above, this species is
extremely variable, the great range in the form of the leaves, in the
size of the flowers, and in the degree of pubescence having led to the
proposal of these numerous species and varieties. Examination of a
large number of specimens, many more than are here cited, and the
study of numerous plants in the field lead to the conclusion that there
are no constant characters that will permit the maintenance of these
variants as distinct. In fact, a single plant will often exhibit nearly
all the characters which have been relied upon to differentiate these
“species.” Throughout the range of the species the occurrence
of entire and deeply lobed leaves on the same individual is common.
On the Galapagos Islands, for example, there are two variants;
one (P. lineariloba Hook. f.) has very narrow leaf lobes, exactly
matching part of the material collected by Safford and Mosier
(No. 227) in the Royal State Palm Park, Florida; the other (P. tri-
dactylites Hook. f.) agrees closely with the Browne collection from
Jamaica, in the Linnean Herbarium.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 97
In the great majority of the specimens examined the petiolar
glands are minute (less than half a millimeter in diameter), and are
distinctly stalked. In the case of a few Andean specimens and an
occasional one from other localities, the glands are nearly as large as
those of P. coriacea, and are subsessile.
Although strict adherence to the rules of page priority would
require the use of the name P. pallida, it seems best to apply P. sub-
erosa to this species because (1) the form with 3-lobed leaves is much
the commoner and has the wider distribution; (2) it was represented
in the Linnean Herbarium by a specimen which Linnaeus had at
hand in 1758; and (8) it is the name in general use.
LOCAL NAMES: “Meloncillo,”’ ‘“‘pintero,’ ‘huevo de _ gallo’
(Cuba); ‘‘noxbe cimarrén”’ (Peru).
10. Passiflora gracilis Jacq. ex Link, Enum. PI. 2: 182. 1822.
Cieca gracilis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 141. 1846.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem very slender, subquadrangular;
stipules narrowly linear, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, faleate; petioles 4 to 5
em. long, very slender, biglandular in lower half, the glands stipitate,
subopposite; leaves 3 to 7 cm. long, 7 to 10 em. wide, 3-lobed about
to middle (lobes subequal, or the middle lobe the longest, obtuse
or rounded), cordate at base, 3-nerved, entire, thin-membranous,
glaucous beneath; peduncles filiform, 2 to 3 cm. long; bracts seta-
ceous, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, dissitate; flowers about 2 cm. wide; sepals
narrowly oblong, about 1 cm. long, 0.2 to 0.3 cm. wide, obtuse,
concave, white; petals none; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer
filiform, 6 to 8 mm. long, the inner capillary, 1 to 1.2 mm. long,
minutely capitellate; operculum membranous, plicate, slightly in-
curved, crenulate; nectar ring annular; limen annular; ovary ovoid,
glaucous; fruit ellipsoidal, about 2.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. in diameter,
the exocarp parchment-like, scarlet (or purplish?); seeds subglobose,
slightly flattened, about 4 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, abruptly acute
at each end, reticulate with a hexagonal reticulation at center of each
face, surrounded by 6 smaller reticulations.
TYPE LOCALITY: Uncertain, the type seen at Vienna.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Jacq. Eclog. Pl. Rar. 2: pl. 168; Rev. Hort. IV.
9: 14. f. 1. 1860; Bot. Reg. 11: pl. 870; Amer. Nat. 18: 820; Flora
111-112: 407. 1918.
DISTRIBUTION: Frequently cultivated; perhaps a native of
Venezuela.
98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
SouTH CAROLINA: Abbesville Co., introduced, A. P. Anderson in
1898 (N). Dupre 1580 (Minn).
CALIFORNIA: Cultivated at Pacific Beach, Kuwmm in 1928 (N).
CosTA Rica: Hatillo, 1,100 meters, Solis 31 (F).
VENEZUELA: “In regione temperata,” Moritz 1963 (BM, P, V).
—Aragua: Colonia Tovar, Fendler 472 (G, K, Ph, Y), 2328 (K).
BRITISH GUIANA: Cultivated, British Guiana Herb. 135 (BG, N),
139 (BG). :
BRAZIL: Mattogrosso: Pohl 1228 (Brux, V).
Passiflora gracilis differs from its apetalous allies of this section
in the larger, elongate fruit. It is, moreover, a much more delicate
plant. Cultivated specimens are to be found in many herbaria.
The only ones I have seen which from their labels give no indication
of such an origin are the Costa Rican, Venezuelan, and Brazilian
collections cited above. This species has served as the basis for
interesting studies by J. Arthur Harris. See Harris: Prolification
of the fruit in Capsicum and Passiflora, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rep.
1906: 135-145. 1906; Harris and Gortner: On the influence of the
order of development of the fruits of Passiflora gracilis upon the
frequency of teratological variations, Plant World 17: 199-208. 1914.
11. Passiflora trinifolia Mast. Bot. Jahrb. 8: 217. 1887.
Stem slender, terete, flexuous, minutely puberulent; stipules
ovate-lanceolate to orbicular, 5 to 8 mm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide,
mucronate; petioles 0.5 to 1 cm. long, bearing 2 flattened glands at or
slightly above middle, or these occasionally absent; leaves 1.5 to 2.5
em. long, 2.5 to 6 cm. wide, 3-lobed to middle (lobes triangular-ovate,
nearly equal or the lateral somewhat the larger, acute or obtuse),
subcordate and 5-nerved at base, reticulate-veined, ocellate, coria-
ceous, glabrous or minutely puberulent; peduncles in pairs, as long
as or slightly shorter than the adjacent petioles, articulate above
the middle; flowers 1 to 2 cm. wide, yellowish green; sepals deltoid-
lanceolate, 7 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, subcoriaceous; petals none;
corona filaments in a single series, filiform, dilated toward apex,
4 mm. long, erect; operculum membranous, plicate, the margin
fimbrillate; limen annular; ovary subglobose, glabrous or minutely
puberulent.
TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Rosa, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION: Department of Baja Verapaz, central Guatemala,
between 1,200 and 1,600 meters altitude.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 99
GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz: Santa Rosa, Lehmann 1314 (Bo, K,
type); Tiirckheim 1207 (G, K, N), I7.2368 (N). Cuesta de Cachil,
Pittier 160 (N).
The foliage of this plant bears a slight resemblance to that of
certain West Indian forms of P. suberosa. Passiflora trinifolia is
readily distinguished from that, as well as from all other apetalous
species of Passiflora, by its large stipules.
12. Passiflora holosericea L. Sp. Pl. 958. 1753.
Decaloba holosericea M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 164. 1846.
Passiflora reticulata Sauv. Fl. Cub. 56. 1873.
(?) Passiflora tuxtlensis Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 229. 1887.
Plant usually densely pubescent throughout (glabrescent in cer-
tain Cuban forms); stem terete, striate, corky below; stipules fili-
form, 6 mm. long; petioles 1 to 2.5 em. long, bearing near middle
2 dark brown, sessile glands 2 mm. in diameter; leaves 5 to 10
cm. long, 4 to 7 em. wide, 3-lobed (lobes rounded, mucronulate, the
middle one much longer), entire, bidentate at the cordate base, 3-
nerved, reticulate-veined, velvety-pubescent above, densely and
softly tomentose beneath; peduncles solitary or in pairs in the axils
of the leaves, 2—4-flowered (rarely those of the lower axils 1-flowered),
the flowers pediceled, the pedicels bearing 2 or 3 subulate bracteoles
2 mm. long; flowers 3 to 4 cm. wide; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1.3 to
1.5 em. long, 0.5 em. wide, obtuse, densely pubescent without, gla-
brous within, white, sparingly spotted with red; petals oblanceolate
or spatulate, 1 to 1.8 cm. long, 0.6 em. wide, white, streaked with
brown and mottled with red; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer
lanceolate, 7 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, yellow at apex, purple toward
base, the inner capillary, 4 to 5 mm. long, clavate; operculum mem-
branous, closely plicate, the margin incurved; limen annular, close
to the operculum; ovary obovoid, densely pilose; fruit globose, 1.5
em. in diameter, glabrous or softly pubescent; seeds obovate-
obcordate, about 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, coarsely reticulate, the
axis curved.
TYPE LOCALITY: Veracruz, Mexico.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Martyn, Hist. Pl. Rar. pl. 49; Amoen. Acad. 1:
pl. 10, f. 15; Cav. Diss. 10: pl. 291; Bot. Reg. 1: pl. 59; Bot. Mag.
45: pl. 2015.
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico to Honduras; central and western Cuba;
northern Colombia and Venezuela. Tropical zone, up to 700 meters
altitude.
100 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
MEeExico: Haenke 849 (Pr); Sessé & Mociftio 4468 (Bo, Ma).—
Colima: Manzanillo, Ferris 6191 (N). Sinaloa: Mazatlan, Rose,
Standley & Russell 14132 (F, G, Mo, N, Y).—Tepic: Tres Marias
Islands, Maltby 55 (N, Y); Nelson 4249 (F, G, N); Ferris 5586 (N),
5739 (N, SU); Mason 1711 (N, S); Howell 10419 (N).—Veracruz:
Bafios del Carrizal, Purpus 6022 (BM, Cal, F, G, Mo, N, Y). An-
tigua, Purpus 6237 (Cal). Monserrate, Purpus 10025 (N). Vera-
cruz, Krausse (BW); De Salza (P).—Michoacan: Petatlan. Lang-
lassé 725 (P).—Guerrero: Acapulco, Palmer 307 (G, K, N, Y), 411
(N); Bonpland (B); Barclay 1976 (BM); Née (Ma).—Oaxaca:
Oaxaca, Galeotti 3675 (P). Salinitas, Conzatti 4492 (N). Huilotepec,
Nelson 2577 (G, N, Y). San Francisco Ranch, Conzatti, Reko &
Makrinius 3267 (G).
GUATEMALA: Gualan, Deam 6336 (Cal, F, G, Mich, N, V).—
Zacapa: Zacapa, Deam 6358 (F, Mich, N, Y); Kellerman 7774 (F).
HONDURAS: Santa Barbara: San Pedro Sula, Thieme 5244 (B,
Bo, G, N).
SALVADOR: Chalatenango, Calderén 2362 (N).
CuBA: Wright 3568 (B, G, HA, N, S, Y); Rugel 828 (Y).—Pinar
del Rio: El Mariel, Ekman 16350 (B, N). Sierra de Anafe, Wilson
11516 (B, N, Y). Retiro, San Cristébal, Sauwvalle (HA, No. 886,
type of P. reticulata). Loma Pelada, Leén 12519 (HS).—Habana:
Habana, Née (Ma). Sierra de Anafe, Ekman 16915 (B, S); Killip
18507 (N). Lomas de Camoa, Ekman 13514 (B, S). Sierra de
Tapaste, Ekman 13586 (B, S).—Matanzas: Pan de Matanzas,
Ekman 16465 (B, S). Matanzas, Rugel 350 (B, BM); De la
Sagra (P).
BRITISH GUIANA: Cultivated(?), British Guiana Herb. 131 (BG),
187 (BG).
VENEZUELA: Warming 360 (Cop).—Miranda: Guarenes, Pittier
11263 (N), 11910 (Gen, N, Y).—Federal District: El Zigzag, E.
Pittier 65 (N, Y). El Limon, Pittier 13499 (F, N).—Aragua: Colonia
Tovar, Moritz 1674 (BM).—Carabobo: Canoabito, Pittier 9131
(G, N).
COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Santa Marta Mountains, Schultze 1622
(B).—Atlantico: Salgar, Pennell 12059 (G, N, Ph, Y).
Masters placed this among the species of Plectostemma with 1-
flowered peduncles. Occasionally the peduncles in the lower axils
are 1-flowered, owing perhaps to the additional pedicels having
become detached or not having developed. Harms associates it
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 101
with P. multiflora and P. sexflora in his section Decaloba-Polyanthea.
Clearly, however, its relationship is with P. swherosa. The similarity
of the seeds of the two species, as well as other likenesses, such as
corky stem and leaf shape, indicates a close alliance between the two.
The single specimen of P. holosericea in the Linnean Herbarium
probably was not in Linnaeus’ possession in 1758. His description
was based primarily upon Martyn’s description and illustration of
a plant grown in England from seeds obtained by Houston at
Veracruz.
None of the Sessé and Mocifio specimens in the Madrid her-
barium are labeled P. tuxtlensis, and their description of that species
does not apply well to any known Mexican species. Certain details
suggest P. holosericea, P. jorullensis, P. Hellert, and P. Rovirosae.
LOCAL NAMES: ‘‘Etamo real;” “itamo real’’ (Acapulco).
13. Passiflora Sodiroi Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 298. 1922.
Stem subterete or angulate, softly short-pubescent; stipules
lanceolate, falcate; petioles 2 to 2.5 em. long, biglandular at or below
middle, the glands short-stipitate; leaves ovate, 8 to 10 cm. long, 5 to
6 cm. wide, 3-lobed towards the apex (lateral lobes smaller than the
middle lobe, occasionally wanting, the lobes rounded or acute),
rounded or subtruncate at base, conspicuously reticulate, subcori-
aceous, glabrescent above, softly pubescent or tomentellous beneath;
inflorescence cymose, the cymes in pairs, several-flowered, pubescent;
bracts setaceous, 4 to 5 mm. long; calyx tube saucer-shaped; sepals
narrowly lanceolate, about 1 cm. long; petals linear-lanceolate, 6 to
7 mm. long; corona filaments filiform, capitellate, in 2 or 3 series;
operculum closely plicate; limen annular; gynophore about 6 mm.
long; ovary globose, pubescent; fruit globose, about 1 cm. in diameter.
TYPE LOCALITY: Alaspongo, Pichincha, Ecuador.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in north-
central Ecuador. aes
EcuapDor: Pichincha: Alaspongo, Sodiro 562 (B, type).
This species is discussed under P. apoda.
14. Passiflora apoda Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 809.
1929.
Stem subangular, cano-villous or cano-villosulous; stipules linear-
lanceolate, 3 to 5 mm. long, 1.5 to2 mm. wide at base, falcate; petioles
1 to 3 em. long, biglandular at or below middle, the glands sessile or
102 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
short-stipitate; leaves ovate-oblong or oblong, rarely suborbicular,
6 to 16 em. long, 4 to 11 cm. wide, 3-lobed (lobes obtuse or acute, the
middle lobe usually much the larger, the lateral lobes sometimes much
reduced), rounded or retuse at base, subcoriaceous, glabrescent above,
sparingly to densely cano-pilosulous on the nerves and veins beneath;
inflorescence cymose, the cymes in pairs, several-flowered, the rachis
1 to 2.5 em. long; bracts linear-lanceolate, 4 to 5 mm. long, the
bractlets linear-setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long; flowers 2.5 to 3 cm. wide;
sepals broadly ovate, 1 to 1.3 cm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, obtuse,
fleshy, green without, white within; petals ovate, slightly shorter
than the sepals, obtuse, membranous, white; corona filaments fili-
form, capitellate, in 2 series, the outer 5 to 8 mm. long, greenish
white, purple-maculate at base, the inner about 3 mm. long, pink,
purple-maculate near apex; operculum closely plicate, pinkish purple,
fimbrillate; limen annular; gynophore wanting or rarely very short
and stout, 2 to 3 mm. long; ovary globose, pubescent; fruit globose,
about 1 cm. in diameter, at length glabrous; seeds obovate, about 4
mm. long and 3 mm. wide, reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cucarronera, New Quindio Trail, Department
of Caldas, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: ‘Central Cordillera of Colombia, 2,500 to 3,300
meters, and known from a single collection from northern Ecuador.
CoLoMBIA: Antioquia: Las Mintas, south of Caldas, Pennell 10946
(N).—Caldas: Cucarronera, New Quindio Trail, Hazen 9688 (B,
type, G, N, Ph, Y). Between Laguneta and Magafia, Old Quindio
Trail, Killip & Hazen 9413 (G, N, Ph, Y). San Bernardino, Killip
10154 (G, N, Ph, Y). Salento, Hazen 9694 (G, N, Ph, Y). Rio
San Rafael, below Cerro Tatama, Pennell 10391 (G, N, Ph, Y).
Ecuabor: Pichincha: Between Atacatzo and Saloya, Mille in
1919 (N). .
This species is common along the much traveled Quindio Trail,
and it is rather remarkable that it should not have been described
until 1929. Some of the specimens collected by the Pennell-Killip-
Hazen expedition I distributed as P. Sodiroi, and I am not fully con-
vinced that that is not the correct disposition, especially in view of
the fact that the Mille specimen, from the general vicinity of the
type locality of P. Sodirot, is clearly conspecific with the Colombian
material. All but one of the Colombian specimens have abundant
flowers, and although the gynophore is wanting in most of them (as
it is in the Mille specimen), sometimes a very short, stout gynophore
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 103
is present. In P. Sodiroit the gynophore is well developed, being
about 6 mm. long. As the sepals of that species are narrowly lan-
ceolate and those of P. apoda broadly ovate, I am keeping the two
separate for the present. Although the sessile or subsessile ovary
suggests a relationship with P. multiflora, there is a correlation in P.
apoda of gland-bearing petioles and reticulate seeds, indicating that
the species is best placed in the section Cieca of Plectostemma, where
it comes nearest P. Sodiroi and P. holosericea.
15. Passiflora dioscoreaefolia Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
14: 108. 1924.
Stem slender, subtriangular, suleate, pubescent at nodes with a
few hooked hairs, otherwise glabrous; stipules semi-ovate, 7 to 10
mm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, attenuate at apex, slightly undulate at
margin; petioles up to 2.5 em. long, finely pubescent with hooked
hairs, biglandular near apex, the glands short-stipitate, 2 mm. long,
2 mm. wide; leaves oblong-ovate, 8 to 15 cm. long, 4 to 8 cm. wide,
entire, abruptly acuminate, cordulate, 5—7-nerved, entire and slightly
thickened at margin, membranous, densely red-spotted, sparsely
pubescent with hooked hairs above, glabrous beneath; peduncles
solitary or in pairs, up to 4 cm. long, 1-flowered, slightly pubescent
with hooked hairs; bracts setaceous, 3 to 4 mm. long, scattered;
flower 5 cm. wide (when expanded); sepals ovate-lanceolate, 2 cm.
long, 1 em. wide at base, cucullate at apex, greenish white(?) and
slightly pubescent without, white, longitudinally striate with deep
purple, within; petals oblong or oblong-spatulate, about 1.2 cm. long,
0.6 cm. wide, obtuse, white, marked like the sepals; corona filaments
in a single series, filiform, 1.5 em. long, white, spotted with deep
purple; operculum plicate, the margin lobulate, slightly incurved;
limen saucer-shaped, 2 mm. high, crenulate; gynophore and stamens
mottled and streaked with deep purple; ovary narrowly ovoid, short-
stipitate, glabrous; fruit ovoid, about 15 cm. long(?), 3.5 em. in
diameter, 6-angled; seeds obcordate, about 7 mm. long, 5 mm. wide,
and 3 mm. thick, coarsely reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: La Palma, Province of San José, Costa Rica,
altitude 1,600 meters.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the mountain forests of central
Costa Rica.
Costa RIcA: La Palma, San José, Stork 436 (N, type). La Palma
de San Ramon, Brenes 5747 (F), 5764 (F), 5951 (F), 6131 (F),
11392 (F), 11899 (F).
104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
The flowers of this species and the presence of glands at the apex
of the petioles indicate relationship with P. bryonioides and P.
Karwinskii. It is distinguished from all the species of that group by
its entire leaves.
Through study of the material collected by Brenes and recently
received by Field Museum, it is possible now to amplify the original
description. One of these specimens bears an old fruit which,
though it is broken. in half, is of mammoth size for species of this
relationship.
16. Passiflora pilosa Ruiz & Pavén ex DC. Prodr. 3: 330. 1828.
Plant hispid throughout with stiff, pellucid, more or less hooked
hairs; stem angulate, terete, grooved; stipules broadly cordate-ovate,
1.5 to 1.7 em. long, 1.5 cm. wide, strongly nerved, minutely serrulate
or entire; petioles 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, biglandular, the glands clavate,
2 mm. long, 1 mm. in diameter at apex, borne on the upper third of
the petiole; leaves 5 to 11 cm. long, 6 to 14 em. wide, deeply 3-lobed
(middle lobe ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or subacute, slightly
exceeding the ovate, acute lateral lobes), 3-5-nerved, the nerves
flattened, the veins conspicuous, irregularly repand-dentate, hispidu-
lous, cordate-cuneate at the basal sinus; peduncles solitary or in
pairs, 2 to 3 cm. long; bracts 3, narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 5 to 6
mm. long, 1.5 to 3 mm. wide, acute, densely ciliate, 2 situated at the
base of the flower, the third about 4 mm. lower on the peduncle;
flowers 3.5 cm. wide; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 2 cm. long, 0.7 cm.
wide, slightly concave at apex, deep red and hispid without, paler,
red-streaked, and glabrate within; petals oblong-lanceolate, 9 mm.
long, 3 mm. wide, obtuse; corona filaments in a single series, narrowly
linear, 1.6 cm. long, 0.6 mm. wide; operculum approximate to the
corona, membranous, white, slightly plicate, 4 mm. high, the margin
very minutely fimbrillate, incurved; nectar ring annular; limen
membranous, white, 1 mm. high, incurved; ovary ovate, tapering at
apex, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Central Mexico.
MExIco: Sessé & Mocinio 4475 [‘‘Pavoén’’] (type; BM, Gen, Ma).
Felipe del Agua, Conzatti (C. L. Smith 584; G).—Michoacan: Loma
Santa Maria, near Morelia, 2,000 meters, Arséne 7353 (N).—
Mexico: Telpintla, 1,840 meters, Hinton 4261 (K).
The identity of P. pilosa has long been in doubt, due to De
Candolle’s incomplete description and to the fact that Masters con-
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE - 105
fused this species with P. menispermifolia HBK. Though giving no
diagnosis of the flowers, De Candolle placed the species in Granadilla,
evidently on the basis of the rather large bracts. Masters misapplied
the name P. pilosa to a ““Pavoén’”’ specimen of P. menispermifolia, and
attempted to reconcile this plant with De Candolle’s description of
P. pilosa. This accounts for the rather curious description of “‘P.
pilosa” in the Flora Brasiliensis.
Although the bracts of this species, like those of P. adenopoda,
are larger than in P. bryonioides and its allies, it is better placed at
this point than in the poorly defined group, Plectostemma section
Pseudogranadilla.
Pavon’s name in connection with Mexican specimens indicates
that the sheet came from the Pavoén Herbarium or was distributed by
Pavon. His travels in the New World were confined to Chile and
Peru, and most, if not all, of these Mexican collections were obtained
by Sessé and Mocifio. In the Boissier Herbarium there are specimens
bearing labels reading ‘‘Herb. Pavén—Peru” and ‘‘Herb. Pavén—
Sessé & Mocifio.” The numbers associated with the Sessé and
Mocifio collections were recently assigned these specimens in the
Madrid Herbarium, a partial set of which is deposited in Field
Museum. Specimens distributed to other herbaria are of course
unnumbered.
17. Passiflora stellata Moritz ex Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
17: 428. 1927.
Stem slender, subtriangular, striate, finely pilosulous; stipules
setaceous, 5 mm. long; petioles up to 3 cm. long, biglandular at base
of blade, the glands 0.5 mm. long; leaves 4 to 6.5 cm. long, 4 to 8 cm.
wide, 3-lobed about one-third their length (lobes broadly triangu-
lar or triangular-ovate, 2 to 3 cm. wide, acute or obtusish), sub-
truncate at base, 5-nerved, entire at margin, sparsely and minutely
pubescent above, more densely pubescent beneath, membranous;
peduncles about 2.5 cm. long; bracts setaceous, scattered; flowers
white or greenish(?); sepals oblong, about 2 cm. long, hyaline at
margin, cucullate at apex, keeled, the keel terminating in a horn 3
mm. long; petals linear, less than 1 cm. long, obtuse, white, mem-
branous; corona filaments in a single series, liguliform, about 7 mm.
long; operculum membranous, 7 mm. high, slightly plicate, erose at
margin, white; gynophore slender, striate, slightly swollen at base;
stamens very slender, 1 cm. long; ovary ellipsoidal, 6-grooved,
glabrous.
106 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
TYPE LOCALITY: “In reg. temp. et subfrig.,’’” New Granada.
(The collections of Moritz labeled New Granada were made in
what is now Venezuela. )
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type material.
VENEZUELA: Moritz 1961 (BM, P, type).
The shape of the leaves and the presence of glands at the apex of
the petioles indicate a relationship with P. Warmingii. The stipules,
however, are setaceous, not foliaceous; the gynophore is slenderer,
and the ovary ellipscidal, not ovoid. ,
18. Passiflora Warmingii Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 591.
1872.
(?) Passiflora dumetosa Barb. Rodr. Contr. Jard. Bot. Rio de Jan.
4: 94. pl. 17B. 1907.
Stem angulate, slender, grooved, sparsely hispidulous; stipules
semi-ovate, 4 to 6 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, long-acuminate;
petioles up to 5 cm. long, slender, pilosulous and hispidulous, bi-
glandular at apex, the glands about 1.5 mm. long, thick-stipitate;
leaves 3 to 5 cm. long, 4 to 6 em. wide, 3-lobed (lobes deltoid, acute,
mucronulate, the middle lobe 2 to 2.5 cm. long, longer than the lateral
lobes), cordate at base, repand-dentate, 3-nerved, membranous,
finely hispidulous above, minutely pilosulous and glaucescent
beneath; peduncles solitary or in pairs, up to 1.5 cm. long; bracts
setaceous, 2 to 2.5 mm. long; flowers about 2.5 cm. wide; sepals lan-
ceolate-oblong, 8 to 10 mm. long, about.5 mm. wide, obtuse, greenish;
petals lanceolate-oblong, 6 to 7 mm. long, 2.5 to 3 mm. wide, obtuse,
white; corona filaments in a single series, filiform, about 5 mm. long,
purplish below middle; operculum plicate, borne close to the corona,
deeply crenulate, incurved; nectar ring annular, inconspicuous;
limen membranous, adnate to the floor of the calyx, the margin free,
entire; ovary ovoid, densely white- or brownish-pilose or squamose-
pilose; fruit ovoid, pilose; seeds obcordate, about 4 mm. long, 3 mm.
wide, 2 mm. thick, coarsely reticulate, the central mesh prominent.
TYPE LOCALITY: Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, Brazil.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: pl. 112; Arkiv Bot. 8,
No. 8: pl. 1, f. 6.
DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Colombia; east-central and southern
Brazil; and Paraguay.
COLOMBIA: Narifio: Chabasquia, ‘Prov. Pasto,’” Karsten (V).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 107
BRAZIL: Sello 3963 (B, cited by Masters as P. sicyoides).—Matto
Grosso: Santa Anna, Malme in 1903 (S).—Minas Geraes: Lagoa
Santa, Warming 1153 (Cop, type, N). Caldas, Henschen (Regnell
III.1701, S).—Sao Paulo: Rio Clara, Lofgren 535 (Cop). Campinas,
Noack 189 (B); Campos Novaes 850 (N); Heiner 382 (S), 423 (S).
Serra de Caracol, Mosén 1328 (S).—Rio Grande do Sul: Santa Maria,
Malme 1203 (S). Santo Angelo, Schwarzer in 1900 (S).
PARAGUAY: Jérgensen 3790 (F, Mo, N). Caaguazt, Hassler 9329
(B, BM).
Apparently the only species of this group in Brazil, P. Warmingit
is readily distinguished from its allies, except P. morifolia, by a
densely pilose ovary, scarcely flattened, coarsely reticulate seeds,
and less deeply lobed leaves. The points of difference between
P. Warmingii and P. morifolia are discussed under the latter species.
19. Passiflora morifolia Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 555.
1872.
Passiflora Weberiana André, Rey. Hort. 57: 113. 1885.
Passiflora erosa Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 363. 1907.
Passiflora Warmingii subsp. chacoensis R. E. Fries, Arkiv Bot.
8,.No.:3: 4.90..7, f..7..1909:
Passiflora Heydei Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12: 258. 1922.
Stem obscurely 4-angled, grooved, glabrate below, sparingly
hispidulous above; stipules semi-ovate, 6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, —
long-acuminate, minutely hispidulous, sparsely ciliate; petioles up
to 6 em. long, flattened, hispidulous or pilosulous, biglandular, the
glands borne within 1 cm. of the apex, thick-stipitate, 1.5 mm. long,
0.8 to 1 mm. wide; leaves 4 to 11 cm. long, 5 to 15 em. wide, 3-lobed
to below middle (lobes acute, the middle lobe ovate or ovate-lanceo-
late, usually narrowed at base, the lateral lobes divergent at an
angle of about 70 degrees from midrib), deeply cordate at base,
3-nerved, repandly dentate or denticulate, or subentire, membra-
nous, dark green and hispidulous with minute, hooked hairs above,
paler and minutely pilosulous beneath; peduncles solitary or in
pairs, densely hispidulous, 1 to 2 cm. long, divaricate from the stem
at right angles; bracts setaceous, 2.5 to 3mm. long, borne about 1 cm.
below the base of the flower, approximate or the uppermost slightly
remote; flowers 2 to 3 cm. wide; sepals linear-oblong, 1 to 1.5 cm.
long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse, without densely hispidulous to gla-
brescent, green, within glabrous, white, mottled with red, the apex
108 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HisToRY—BOTANY, VoL. XIX
terminating in a horn about 3.5 mm. long; petals linear-lanceolate,
6 to 8 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse, white; corona filaments
in a single series, filiform, 5 to 6 mm. long, white, banded with blue
or violet; operculum membranous, plicate, the margin slightly in-
curved, crenulate; nectar ring annular, borne midway between the
operculum and the base of the gynophore; limen membranous, adnate
to floor of calyx tube, the margin free; ovary subglobose, densely
pubescent, glaucous; fruit globose, 2 cm. in diameter, hispidulous,
glaucous; seeds very slightly compressed, obcordate-obovoid, 4 mm.
long, abruptly tapering at base, coarsely reticulate, the central mesh
or the 2 central meshes conspicuous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Tucuman, Argentina, the type collected by
Tweedie (No. 1174).
ILLUSTRATIONS: Rev. Hort. 59: opp. p. 324; Arkiv Bot. 8, No. 8:
a ae Mo a
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico and Guatemala; eastern Peru to Para-
guay and Argentina; between 450 and 2,800 meters altitude.
SouTH CAROLINA: Clemson, introduced, House 2887 (F, G, N, Y).
MExIco: Schnee (P).
GUATEMALA: Heyde & Lux 324 (B, N; possibly of same collection
as the following).—Santa Rosa: Casillas, 1,200 meters, Heyde & Lux
3772 (G, N, type of P. Heydei, Y).
’ PERU: Gay 941 (P); Pavén (Bo).—Cuzco: Urubamba Valley, near
Echarate, Weberbauer 7949 (Gen, N).
BOLIVIA: La Paz: Sorata, Mandon 613 (BM, Bo, Gen, K, P).—
Santa Cruz: Buena Vista, Steinbach 5347 (B, F, N), 5849 (Gen, Y),
8019 (Gen, K, Ut, Y).
PARAGUAY: Jérgensen 2845 (G). Caaguazi, Balansa 2199 (Gen).
ARGENTINA: Jujuy: Tilara, Venturr 9217 (N).—Salta: Rio
Juramento, Lorentz & Hieronymus 302 (B, F). Rosario de Lerma,
Venturi 8088 (G, N). El Naranjo, Venturi 7631 (N).—Tucuman:
Lorentz & Hieronymus 1145 (B), 1146 (B); Lillo 142 (P); Stuckert
9480 (Gen). La Florida, Lorentz & Hieronymus 389 (B, F). Sierra
de Zenta, Venturi 8355 (G, K, N). Los Gémez, Leales, Venturi 670
(N). Rio Sali, Venturi 1101 (N). Cumbre de Taficillo, Venturi
5900 (N).—Chaco: Fontana, Meyer 1033 (N). Colonia Elisa, Meyer
2233 (N).—Cérdoba: Stuckert 4507 (Gen). Sierra de Cérdoba,
Stuckert 14215 (Gen), 15195 (Gen), 18680 (Gen).
This is very closely allied to the last preceding species, apparently
differing only in the more deeply lobed, larger leaves, the lobes being
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 109
of different shape. However, in view of the unusual distribution
of both species (Warmingii in southwestern Colombia, southeastern
Brazil, and Paraguay; morifolia in Mexico, Guatemala, Peru,
Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina), perhaps they should be treated
as a single, variable species.
I can find no differences between the Guatemalan plant which
I described as P. Heydei and material from Bolivia and Argentina,
though its occurrence at such a great distance from the center of
distribution is rather remarkable.
The plant referred to by Small (Fl. Southeast. U.S. ed. 2, 809.
1913) as P. Warmingii, reported as being well established near
Clemson, South Carolina, specimens of which ( House 2887) are to
be found in several American herbaria, is certainly P. morifolia.
LOCAL NAME: “‘Pachito”’ (Bolivia).
20. Passiflora bryonioides HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 140. 1817.
Passiflora bryonifolia Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 42. 1826.
Decaloba bryonioides M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 163. 1846.
Passiflora inamoena Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 59. 1853.
(?)Passiflora Karsteniana A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gar-
tenzeit. 21: 42. 1853.
(?) Passiflora hirsuta L. sensu Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 155.
1887. Not P. hirsuta L.
Passiflora serrata L. sensu Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 156.
1887, in part. Not P. serrata L.
Stem angulate or subterete, hispidulous; stipules semi-ovate,
cuspidate, 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, more or less ciliate; petioles
hirsute or hispidulous, 2.5 to 5 em. long, bearing within 1 cm. of
the apex 2 clavate glands 0.8 to 0.9 mm. long and 0.9 to 1 mm. in
diameter; leaves 4 to 7 cm. long, 5 to 9 em. wide, deeply 3-lobed
(lobes oblong, acute or obtuse, the middle lobe usually narrowed
at its base, the lateral lobes often 2-lobed), cordate at base, 3-—5-
nerved, entire or sparingly and irregularly dentate or denticulate,
hispidulous on both surfaces; peduncles solitary, 2 to 3 cm. long;
bracts setaceous, 3 to 4 mm. long, deciduous; flowers 2 to 3 cm. wide;
sepals ovate-lanceolate, 9 to 13 mm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse
or acutish, greenish yellow; petals linear or linear-lanceolate, 4 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide, white; corona filaments in a single series, filiform,
6 to 7 mm. long, purple-tinged at base; operculum arising at base
of preceding, membranous, plicate, strongly incurved; nectar ring
110 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
annular; limen adnate to floor of calyx, membranous, the margin
free, entire; ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous; fruit oblong, 3 to 3.5
em. long, 2.5 em. in diameter, borne on a stalk about 5 mm. long;
seeds ovate, 4 mm. long, 2.8 mm. wide, strongly flattened, closely
reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Near Santa Rosa, Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Arizona to southern Mexico; sea level
to 1,700 meters altitude.
ARIZONA: Pima County: Arivaca, Peebles, Harrison & Kearney
5644 (N).
MExIco: Sessé & Mocito 4477, in part (Bo, Ma, type of ‘‘P.
serrata’ Sessé & Moc.); Schnee in 1894 (P). Santa Rosa, Humboldt
& Bonpland 4245 (type; B, P). Jaral, W. Schumann 601 (B, N, P).
—Sonora: Santa Cruz, Wright 1084 (G, type of P. inamoena, K, N,
Y). Sierra de las Gronillas, Hartman 99 (Cal, F, G, Penn). Puerta
de Pinitos, Hartman 152 (G, K).—Chihuahua: Batopilas, Palmer 32
(G, N, Y). Chihuahua, Pringle 330 (B, BM, Bo, Brux, F, G, Gen,
K, N, P, Penn, Y). Sierra Mapula, Pennell 18655 (N).—Nuevo
Leon: La Zama, Abbon (B).—Durango: Durango, Palmer 346 (B,
BM, Bo, Cal, F, G, K, N, Y).. Tejamén, Palmer 564 (N).—San Luis
Potosi: Schaffner 109, in part (K); Parry & Palmer 259, in part
(BM, F, K, N).—Jalisco: Guadalajara, Pringle 5463 (G).—Guana-
juato: Guanajuato, Dugés 320 (G); Kerber 1266 (P).—Querétaro:
San Juan, Altamirano 1743 (N). San Juan del Rio, Rose, Painter &
Rose 9513 (N, Y). Cadereyta, Rose, Painter & Rose 9728 (N, Y).—
Puebla: San Luis Tultitlanapa, Purpus 3540 (B, BM, Cal, F, G, N,
Y), 8076 (Cal, Mo, N). Guadalupe, Nicolas in 1909 (Gen, K, N,
P), 48 (F, N). Puebla, Arséne 1121 (N, P), 1856 (N), 10100 (N),
10174 (N); Nicolas 235 (N).—Mexico: Ixtapan, Hinton 1151 (K, N).
Acatitlan, Hinton 4340 (N).—Michoacan: Arséne in 1910 (Mo, N).
Much of the material cited above was distributed as P. inamoena,
a species described as apetalous and placed by Masters in the
section Creca. Examination of type material shows narrow, incon-
spicuous petals to be present, and there apparently are no other
characters to distinguish P. inamoena from P. bryonioides. This
species has also been confused with P. exsudans, from which it is
distinguished by its flattened seeds, the position of the petiolar
glands, and the smaller petals.
The plant described as P. serrata (evidently intended for P.
serrata L.) by Sessé and Mocifio was clearly based on their number
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE re
4477, in the Madrid herbarium. This consists of a small specimen
of P. bryonioides and two specimens of P. exsudans, the description
apparently being derived from both elements. The type locality
given by the authors is Michaelopolim (i.e., San Miguel), though
this name does not appear on the label accompanying the specimen.
LOCAL NAMES: “Cocapitos’ (Guanajuato); ‘“‘pasionaria del
monte” (Durango); “‘granadina’’ (State of Mexico).
21. Passiflora Karwinskii Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 555.
1872.
Passiflora Pringlet Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III.
50: 151. 1895.
Passiflora platyneura Eastw. Proc. Amer. Acad. 4A: 604. 1909.
Stem angulate, hispid with hooked hairs; tendrils none; stipules
linear-faleate, attenuate, 3 mm. long; petioles ascending, 0.5 to
2 em. long, hispid, biglandular at apex, the glands stipitate; leaves
2 to 4 em. long, 3 to 5 cm. wide, 3-lobed to middle (central lobe
ovate-oblong, rounded or subacute at apex, bearing upon the under
surface near its base 2 round, sessile glands, the lateral lobes generally
unequally bilobate), subcuneate to reniform at base, entire or irregu-
larly dentate, hispidulous, especially at margin and on nerves; pe-
duncles 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, hispid; bracts setaceous, about 3 mm.
long; flowers about 5 cm. wide; sepals linear-oblong, 15 to 20 mm.
long, 6 to 8 mm. wide, hispid without, glabrate within; petals oblong-
lanceolate, 10 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide; corona filaments in a single
series, slightly exceeding the petals; operculum membranous, slightly
plicate, strongly incurved; nectar ring annular, dark brown; limen
membranous, adnate to floor of calyx, the outer margin free, entire;
ovary ovoid, glabrous; fruit globose, 1.5 cm. in diameter, tapering
at base; seeds flattened, oblong, 4.5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, apicu-
late, closely reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico. Type collected by Karwinsky (Herb.
Munich).
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico, from 2,000 to 2,500 meters
altitude.
MEXICco: Conzatti & Gonzales 1196 (G).—Michoacan: Patzeuaro,
Pringle 5268 (G, type of P. Pringlei).—Oaxaca: Oaxaca, Andrieux
285 (Gen, P), 308 (Gen, P); 369 (G, K, V). Sierra de San Felipe,
Pringle 5750 (G, N). Buena Vista, Seler 95 (B). CuilopAn Moun-
tains, L. C. Smith 44 (G, type of P. platyneura). San Felipe, Rose &
112 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Hough 4602 (N). Las Sedas, Rose & Hough 4634 (N). Pueblo
Viejo, Nochixtlan, Conzatti 1834a (F).
This species is very closely related to P. bryonzoides, and the two
are often confused. In P. Karwinski tendrils are wanting, even in
well developed specimens; the stipules are much narrower than in P.
bryonioides; the flowers are larger; and the petals are much longer
and wider.
The original description of P. Karwinskii was very meager, and
apparently it has heretofore not been associated with the plant more
recently described as P. Pringles. I have not seen type material of
P. Karwinskii, but at Kew there is a detailed sketch of the type,
which leaves little doubt that the two are the same.
The retention of P. platyneura as a valid species is impossible.
That was described as closely resembling P. Pringlei but differing in
larger flowers, paler pubescence, and broader leaf bases. The
additional material that has become available for study since the
publication of P. platyneura shows that these characters are not
constant.
22. Passiflora colimensis Mast. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
5: 181. pl. 20. 1899.
Stem angulate, glabrate, somewhat nodulose below; stipules
setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long, deciduous; petioles sparingly pubescent,
2.5 to 6 cm. long, bearing within 1 cm. of the apex 2 stipitate glands,
2 mm. long; leaves 3 to 6 cm. long, nearly as broad, 3-lobed (lobes
rounded or acutish, the middle slightly the longest), cordate at base,
3-nerved, denticulate, sparingly pubescent above with short, hooked
hairs, pale and finely pilosulous beneath; peduncles solitary, 3 cm.
long, glabrate; bracts setaceous, 4 mm. long, deciduous; flowers 3.5
to 4 em. wide, white, streaked with red; sepals lanceolate 1.3 to 1.5
cm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, acute, puberulent without, glabrous within;
petals one-third to one-half as long as the sepals; corona filaments in
a single series, filiform, half as long as the sepals; operculum mem-
branous, plicate, incurved, 2.5 mm. long, tinged at apex and near
base with purple, the margin minutely crenulate; nectar ring
annular, midway between the preceding and base of gynophore;
limen annular, thick; ovary elliptic, glabrous; fruit globose, 2.5 to 3
em. in diameter; seeds obovoid, strongly flattened, closely reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Colima, Mexico.
ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 5: pl. 20.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Mexico.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 113
Mexico: Thompson (G).—Sinaloa: Coacoyolitos, Ortega 6460
(N, Ph).—Michoacan: Baquete, 200 meters, Langlassé 509 (B, K, N).
—Colima: Colima, Palmer 283 (Cop, N, type, S).—Guerrero:
Achotla, Reko 4962 (N).
Closely related to P. bryonioides, but distinguished by its
strictly 3-lobed leaves, with broader lobes, the middle lobe not
narrowed at the base, and by a much less dense indument. The
toothing at the margin is regular and more pronounced in the case
of P. colimensis.
Reko states that the fruit is edible.
23. Passiflora pediculata Mast. Bot. Gaz. 23: 247. 1897.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem slender, angulate; stipules seta-
ceous, 3 mm. long, deciduous; petioles 4 to 6 em. long, biglandular 0.6
to 1 em. from the base, the glands minute, short-stipitate, 0:5 mm. in
diameter, the stipe 0.4 mm. long; leaves 4 to 5 em. long, 5 to 8 em.
wide, 3-lobed to middle (lobes ovate-lanceolate, obtuse), shallowly
cordate or subtruncate at base, entire, thin, slightly glaucous be-
neath; peduncles, when developed, nearly 4 cm. long; bracts seta-
ceous, 3 mm. long, scattered on upper half of peduncle; flowers about
3 cm. wide; sepals oblong, obtuse, 1.5 em. long, 6 mm. wide; petals
linear-oblong, 1 cm. long; corona filaments in a single series, filiform,
white, transversely banded with violet, erect, slightly shorter than
the petals; operculum membranous, plicate, the margin inflexed,
entire; nectar ring annular, thin-membranous, incurved; ovary
ellipsoid.
TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Torres, near San Francisco de Guadalupe,
Province of San José, Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION: Central Costa Rica.
Costa Rica: Rio Torres, near San Francisco de Guadalupe,
San José, Tonduz 7250 (Bo, Brux, N, type); Pittier 16701 (Y). San
José, Brade 2329 (B), 2378 (B).
This is easily distinguished from the other species of this group
by its long petioles and peduncles, the former minutely biglandular
almost at their base, and by setaceous stipules. It is, moreover,
entirely glabrous. The foliage bears a close resemblance to that of
P. gracilis.
24. Passiflora quercetorum Killip, sp. nov.
Glaberrima; caulis quadrangulatus; stipulae anguste lineares;
petioli ad basin biglandulosi; folia usque ad medium trilobata, lobis
114 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
rotundatis, cordulata, membranacea, subtus glaucescentia; bracteae
anguste lineares, integerrimae vel 1-2-dentatae; sepala oblonga;
petala late lanceolata; corona 1-seriata, filamentosa; operculum
plicatum; ovarium ovoideum.
Vine, glabrous throughout, the root slightly corky; stem quad-
rangular; tendrils weak, filiform; stipules narrowly linear, 3 to 4 mm.
long, subfalcate; petioles 3 to 4 cm. long, biglandular at base, the
glands saucer-shaped, about 1 mm. in diameter; leaves 3-lobed
about to middle, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. along midnerve, 3 to 4 cm. along
lateral nerves, 5 to 8.5 cm. wide (lobes rounded, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide),
cordulate, denticulate toward base, membranous, dark green above,
glaucescent beneath; peduncles solitary or in pairs, 2 to 2.5 em. long;
bracts narrowly linear, dissitate, 3 to 4 mm. long, entire or with 1 or
2 setiferous teeth; flowers about 5 cm. wide; calyx tube patelliform;
sepals oblong, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, 6 to 7 mm. wide, pale yellow; petals
broadly lanceolate, about 1.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide at base, pale yel-
low; corona filaments in a single series, filiform, slightly longer than
the petals, proximally violet, distally yellow; operculum membranous,
plicate; nectar ring annular; limen membranous, incurved; the
ovary ovoid.
Type in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural
Sciences, collected in stony, granitic, oak woods above Curahui, base
of Cerro Saguarivo, east of San Bernardo, Sonora, Mexico, altitude
1,200 to 1,400 meters, August, 1935, by F. W. Pennell (No. 19574).
Also, Sierra Charuco, Sonora, H. S. Gentry 2310 (F).
This species is most nearly related to the Costa Rican P. pedicu-
lata. Both are glabrous and have narrow stipules, and glands borne
near the base of the petiole. From that species P. quercetorum is
distinguished by its broader bracts, which usually bear a few teeth,
larger petiolar glands, and broadly ovate, not linear-oblong, petals.
25. Passiflora sicyoides Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 88. 1830.
Passiflora odora Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 98. pl. 47. 1881.
Decaloba sicyoides M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 168. 1846.
Stem slender, hispidulous or glabrate, slightly nodulose; stipules
semi-ovate, cuspidate, 5 to 7 mm. long; petioles 2 to 6 cm. long,
densely hispidulous, bearing at middle 2 subopposite, stipitate glands
1.5 mm. long; leaves 5 to 8 em. long, 4 to 10 cm. wide, 3-lobed (lobes
deltoid-acuminate, mucronate), entire or obscurely denticulate near
the cordate base, 3-nerved, thin-membranous, light green above,
glaucous beneath, minutely hispidulous on both surfaces; peduncles
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 115
solitary or in pairs, slender, half as long as the petioles; bracts seta-
ceous, 3 mm. long; flowers 3 to 4 em. wide; calyx tube hispidulous
without; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 1.2 to 2 cm. long, 0.6 to 1 cm. wide,
acute, sparingly hispidulous; petals ovate-lanceolate, 0.5 to 1.2 cm.
long; corona filaments in a single series, 7 to 8 mm. long, narrowly
linear, white, with 4 or 5 transverse bands of purple; operculum mem-
branous, plicate, purple, incurved, the margin minutely serrulate;
nectar ring annular; limen membranous, arising midway between the
latter and the base of the gynophore, 1 mm. long, the margin strongly
incurved, crenulate; ovary ovoid, stipitate, glabrous; fruit obovoid,
tapering to a stipe 2.2 cm. long, glabrous; seeds obcordate, abruptly
acute at the base, 5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, 2 mm. thick, coarsely
reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jalapa, Mexico.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. pl. 47; Lemaire, Jard.
Fleuriste 3: Misc. 46. 1853; Paxton, Fl. Gard. 3: 24.
DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern Mexico.
Mexico: Hahn in 1865-1866 (P).—Tepic: Between Tepic and
Santiago, 1,000 meters, Mexia 624 (N).—Hidalgo: Trinidad, Pringle
13427 (N), 13684 (G).—Veracruz: Jalapa, Schiede & Deppe (B, type,
also type of P. odora); Barnes, Chamberlain & Land 54 (F); F. W.
Johnson in 1906 (N); Purpus 6233 (Cal).—Oaxaca: Ghiesbreght in
1843 (P).
Much material has been identified as P. sicyoides that properly
should be referred to P. exsudans, P. bryonioides, or P. Warmingit
(the Brazilian specimen [Sello 3962] cited by Masters as P. sicyoides
is P. Warmingii). True P. sicyoides apparently is a rather rare
species, confined to a small area in Mexico. All the specimens here
cited show great uniformity in foliage. The leaves are 3-lobed,
the lobes being very acute, and the margin is entire except near the
base. The petiolar glands are rather small for the group, and the
ovary is conspicuously stipitate. The plants bear a striking resem-
blance to Sicyos angulatus.
26. Passiflora dolichocarpa Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 20:
374. 1930.
Stem subquadrangular, ape tanetid: stipules semi-ovate, 6 to
7 mm. long, 2 to3 mm. wide, finely hispidulous, especially at margin;
petioles about 2 cm. long, slender, biglandular below middle, the
glands clavate, about 1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, sessile; leaves sub-
hastate, 6 to 10 cm. long, 4.5 to 7 em. wide (middle lobe lanceolate,
116 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
acuminate, 3.5 to 4 em. wide at base, the basal lobes reduced, short-
acuminate), sinuate-dentate, cordulate, membranous, finely hispidu-
lous on both surfaces; peduncles in pairs, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, slender,
articulate near apex; bracts ovate-lanceolate in general outline,
4 to 5 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, oblique at base, sessile, irregularly
lobed, hispidulous, borne at upper third of peduncle; flowers about
2.5 cm. wide; sepals oblong, 10 to 13 mm. long, 7 to 8 mm. wide,
slightly cucullate at apex, hispidulous without, white, longitudinally
streaked with red or purple within; petals oblong, 8 to 10 mm. long,
3 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse, white; corona filaments in a single series,
narrowly linear, 6 to 7 mm. long, white, banded with red or purple;.
operculum plicate, about 1.5 mm. high, the margin incurved, minutely
denticulate; limen annular; ovary ovoid, tapering at apex, stipitate
at base, glabrous; fruit narrowly ovoid-clavate, about 6 cm. long
(including a stipe 1.5 cm. long), 1.5 em. in diameter; seeds broadly
obovate, 3 to 4 mm. long, reticulate, flattened.
TYPE LOCALITY: Chicavac, Tecpan, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from type collection.
GUATEMALA: Tecpan: Chicavac, 2,500 meters, Salas 584 (N,
type).
Although obviously related to P. sicyoides, this species bears
conspicuous bracts, shaped much like the stipules and cleft somewhat
as in P. adenopoda. The leaves are distinctly subhastate, propor-
tionately much narrower than in the case of other species of this
relationship. The fruit is unusually long and narrow for the group.
The common name is given as “‘granadilla.”’
27. Passiflora podadenia Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 109.
1924.
Stem subquadrangular, suleate, hispidulous; stipules semi-ovate,
10 mm. long, 6 to 7 mm. wide, cuspidate at apex; petioles up to
5 em. long, hispid-hirsute, biglandular below middle (glands pyri-
form, 1.5 mm. thick, borne on long, slender, hispidulous stalks
6 to 7 mm. long); leaves 4 to 6 cm. long, 5 to 7 em. wide, deeply
3-lobed (middle lobe oblanceolate, 2 to 2.5 cm. wide, narrowed
toward base, short-acuminate), deeply cordate at base, 5—7-nerved,
subentire toward ends of lobes, coarsely dentate near base, hispidu-
lous with pellucid hairs, dark green above, paler beneath; peduncles
in pairs, about 2 em. long; bracts linear-attenuate, 4 mm. long, 0.6
to 0.9 mm. wide, entire; flowers 3 to 3.5 cm. wide, white, spotted
and streaked with dark purple; sepals ovate-lanceolate, about 15
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE Hi7
mm. long, 8 mm. wide, slightly cucullate at apex; petals oblong or
oblong-spatulate, 7 to 10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, obtuse; corona
filaments in a single series, narrowly linear, 1 cm. long; operculum
erect, 3 mm. high, white, the margin incurved, minutely denticulate;
nectar ring annular; limen annular, thick; ovary ovoid, tapering
at apex, stipitate, hispidulous, at length glabrate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Hacienda San Antonio, Colima, Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type collection.
MExIco: Colima: Hacienda San Antonio, 1,200 meters, Reko
4839 (N, type).
The long, slender stalks of the glands at once distinguish this
species from its nearest relatives of this section. The shape of the
leaves and the general aspect of the plant suggest P. bryonioides.
Passiflora adenopoda likewise has long-stalked glands, but the
lacerate bracts, differently shaped leaves, and larger flowers at once
prevent possibility of confusion with P. podadenia.
28. Passiflora exsudans Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 342.
1837.
Passiflora hispidula Knowles & Westcott, Fl. Cab. 126. 1837.
Decaloba exsudans M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 162. 1846.
Passiflora serrata L. sensu Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 156.
1887, in part. Not P. serrata L.
Passiflora eslavensis Ramirez, Informe Secret. Foment. 1895:
35. 1895.
Plant hispidulous throughout; stem angulate, more or less flat-
tened; stipules semi-ovate, 6 to 10 mm. long, cuspidate; petioles
1 to 3 cm. long, bearing below the middle 2 orbicular, stipitate
glands nearly 2 mm. in diameter, the stipe short and stout; leaves
3 to 7 cm. long, 4 to 11 em. wide, deeply 3—5-lobed (lobes narrowly
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute), sinuate-dentate at
the cordate base, otherwise nearly entire, membranous, hispidulous
on both surfaces; peduncles solitary or in pairs, 0.5 to 1.5 em. long;
bracts filiform, 3 to 4 mm. long; flowers 2.5 to 3.5 em. wide; sepals
ovate-lanceolate, 9 to 10 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, green and hispidu-
lous without, yellowish white, streaked with red, and glabrous within;
petals triangular-ovate, 6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, hyaline; corona
filaments in a single series, narrowly liguliform, 6 to 7 mm. long,
white, banded with purple; operculum membranous, closely plicate,
the margin crenate, inflexed; limen annular, thick; ovary subglobose
118 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
or ovoid, more or less tapering at base, glabrous; fruit globose or
globose-ovoid, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, the stipe about 1 cm. long;
seeds obcordate, nearly terete, 5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, 3 mm. thick,
each face covered with about 20 relatively large depressions.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern Mexico, 1,700 to 3,000
meters altitude. Also in central Nuevo Leon, in northeastern Mexico.
MEXICO: Zuccarint (B, type, V); Sessé & Mociio 4473 (Ma),
4476 (Ma), 4477, in part (Ma, type of “‘P.*serrata’”’ Sessé & Moc.);
Karwinski (Brux); Schnitz 497 (V).—Nuevo Leon: Galeana, Sierra
Madre Oriental, Pennell 17093 (N).—San Luis Potosi: Parry &
Palmer 259, in part (Bo, F, G, Ph, Y). San Luis Potosi, Schaffner
109, in part (G), 454 (B, Y). Alvarez, Palmer 218 (N).—Jalisco:
Sierra Madre, near Bolafios, Rose 2965 (N).—Hidalgo: Zimapan,
Coulter 62 (G, K), 63 (G, K).—Puebla: Esperanza, Purpus 956 (B),
2500 (B, Cal, Gen, P).—Morelos: Cuernavaca, Pringle in 1904 (Cop).
—Mexico: Hacienda de Eslava, Ajusco, Altamirano in 1895 (F, N,
type of P. eslavensis); Pringle 9625 (G). Tequesquipan, Hinton
819 (K). Comunidad, Hinton 3848 (K), 4889 (K).—Tlaxcala:
Tlaxcala, Arséne in 1908 (N).—Michoacdn: Patzcuaro, Pringle
5278 (G). Morelia, Arséne 5962 (Mo, N).—Oaxaca: Sierra de San
Felipe, Pringle 5872 (G, N); Conzattt & Gonzales 235 (G, N). San
Felipe del Agua, Conzatti 584 (N). Tanetze, Galeotti 3666 (Brux, P).
The original description of P. exsudans is very complete and
affords no basis for Masters’ treatment of the species as a synonym
of P. bryonioides.
Several of the specimens cited above were distributed as P. bryon-
ioides and P. sicyoides. They all agree, however, excellently with
the type specimen at Berlin. As in the case of many species of this
group, the leaves are slightly variable. The seeds are more coarsely
reticulate than those of P. bryonioides, but less so than in
P. Warmingit.
This is undoubtedly the plant described in the same year as
P. hispidula, the identity of which has been in doubt because in
the original description no mention was made of foliage characters.
29. Passiflora truncata Regel, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. Bot. 12:
378. 1859; Gartenflora 8: 356. pl. 276. Dec., 1859.
Passiflora Lawsoniana Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 580.
1872.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 119
Stem subtriangular, finely pilosulous or puberulent; stipules
linear-setaceous, soon deciduous; petioles 8 to 15 mm. long, bearing
at or below middle a pair of sessile, saucer-shaped glands about
1 mm. in diameter; leaves 2 to 5 cm. long (along midnerve), 4 to
8 em. wide, truncate at apex, or obsoletely 2—3-lobed, rounded at
base, 3-nerved, ocellate, membranous, glabrescent above, minutely
but densely pilosulous beneath; peduncles in pairs, 1 to 1.5 em.
long, very slender; bracts setaceous, deciduous; flowers 2 to 3.5 cm.
wide; sepals oblong, about 1 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, obtusish;
petals 3 to 5 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide; corona filaments in 2 series,
the outer liguliform, subequal to the petals, radiate, the inner fili-
form, 3 to 4 mm. long, capitate, erect; operculum plicate; ovary
subglobose, cano-puberulent.
TYPE LOCALITY: Southern Brazil.
ILLUSTRATION: Gartenflora 8: pl. 276.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Brazil.
BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Riedel & Luschnath 1108 (type collection;
N). Corcovado, Mosén 2504 (S); Schenck in 1886 (B).—Santa
Catharina: F. Miiller 179 (K, type of P. Lawsoniana).
The leaves of this species are shaped much like those of certain
forms of P. Pohlii, but the presence of glands on the petioles shows
that the two are not at all closely related. Although P. truncata
apparently is rare and little known, fortunately an excellent drawing
accompanied Regel’s description.
Masters described P. Lawsoniana as apetalous and cited three
collections, a Luschnath specimen, Miiller 179, and a Riedel speci-
men, with indication that he had seen only the Miiller collection.
This, which must be considered the type, is in the Kew Herbarium.
It bears small, withered petals, and though the flowers are slightly
smaller than those shown in Regel’s drawing of P. truncata, no other
differences are discernible. Doubtless the Luschnath and Riedel
collections cited as P. Lawsoniana actually were a part of the type
material of P. truncata.
30. Passiflora exoperculata Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1:
556. 1872.
Stem subquadrangulate, densely pilosulous to glabrous; stipules
setaceous, 4 to 5 mm. long; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, biglandular
at middle, the glands sessile, less than 1 mm. in diameter; leaves
transversely ovate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 5 to 7 cm. wide, 3-lobed
120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
(lateral lobes widely divergent, lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, occa-
sionally 1-lobed on lower side, the middle lobe variable, broadly
deltoid and acute to triangular-ovate and rounded), cordate or
truncate at base, 3-nerved, closely reticulate-veined, coriaceous,
above glabrous, or puberulent on the nerves and veins, beneath
glaucescent, sparsely puberulent to densely pilosulous; peduncles in
pairs, up to 2.5 em. long, articulate at middle; bracts setaceous,
scattered; flowers 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, greenish white; sepals ovate-
lanceolate, 0.8 to 1.5 em. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse; petals linear,
6 to 9 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, obtuse; corona filaments in 2
series, white, the outer filiform, 3 to 4 mm. long, the inner 2 to 3 mm.
long, capitellate; ovary globose, glabrous; fruit globose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Sorata, Bolivia.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in western
Bolivia. .
BouiviA: La Paz: Sorata, 2,700 to 3,000 meters, Mandon 611
(BM, Bo, G, Gen, K, type, P, 8, Y).
The structure of the floral parts and the shape and texture of the
leaves of this and the following species are more characteristic of
the section Decaloba than of P. bryonioides and its relatives. The
petiolar glands and the sculpturing of the seeds make necessary their
placement here, however.
31. Passiflora Lobbii Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 558.
1872.
Passiflora obtusiloba var. glandulifera Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov.
19: 25. 1923.
Stem subquadrangular, striate, finely pilosulous or glabrous;
stipules subulate-setaceous, 3 to 4 mm. long; petioles up to 1.5 em.
long, biglandular near base, the glands saucer-shaped, minute,
sessile; leaves 2 to 3 em. long, 4.5 to 8 em. wide, 3-lobed one-third to
one-half their length (lobes lance-ovate, subequal, 1.5 to 2 em. wide,
obtuse, mucronulate), shallowly cordate at base, entire at margin,
3-nerved, reticulate-veined, coriaceous, minutely pilosulous on nerves
above or glabrescent, lustrous above, dull and yellowish green
beneath; peduncles solitary or in pairs, slender, up to 1.5 cm. long,
sparingly pilosulous; bracts setaceous, 2 to 2.5 mm. long; flowers
1.5 to 2 em. wide; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 7 to 9 mm. long, 3 to
3.5 mm. wide, acutish, purple without, grass-green within; petals
linear-oblong, 4 to 5 mm. long, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide, obtuse, grass-green;
corona filaments in 3 series, those of the outermost subequal to
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE bt E
petals, filiform, purple in lower half, light green in upper half, those
of the succeeding series pink or purple, capitellate, the tip green;
operculum membranous, plicate, inflexed, minutely fimbrillate;
limen annular, close to operculum; ovary globose, glabrous; fruit
globose, about 1.5 em. in diameter; seeds broadly obovoid, 5 mm.
long, 3.5 mm. wide, closely reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: “Columbia,” but almost certainly Peru. (Many
well known Peruvian plants have been reported from Colombia
solely on the basis of sheets in the Kew Herbarium bearing the
inscription “Lobb, Columbia.”’ It is certain that many of these
specimens, including the one under consideration, were actually
collected in Peru. See Killip: The Botanical Collections of William
Lobb in Colombia, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 87: 1-18. 1932.)
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of central Peru, between 2,700 and
3,200 meters altitude.
PERU: Lobb (K, type); Gay in 1839-1840 (P); MacLean (K);
Mathews (Gen). Caururu, Savatier 1436 (K).—Ancash: Between
Samanco and Caraz, Weberbawer 3165 (B, type of P. obtusiloba var.
glandulifera, Gen).—Huanuco: Ambo, Macbride & Featherstone 2415
(F, N).—Ayacucho: Pampalea, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac,
Killip & Smith 23241 (F, N, Y). Huanta, Killip & Smith 23322 (N).
This species has much the general appearance of P. obtusiloba.
The presence of petiolar glands in P. Lobbit and their absence in
P. obtusiloba, apparently a fundamental distinction in Plectostemma,
show that the two actually are widely separated. Harms called
attention to the presence of petiolar glands on a Weberbauer speci-
men of ‘‘P. obtusiloba’”’ at Berlin, and gave to it the varietal name
glandulifera. Masters’ species P. Lobbit has not been associated
heretofore with Peruvian plants, due largely to the fact of its being
recorded as from ‘‘Columbia.”
Section 2. Mayapathanthus
32. Passiflora obovata Killip, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461:
308. pl. 1. 1936.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem subangular, dark; stipules soon
deciduous; petioles about 2 cm. long, biglandular just above middle,
the glands oblong, scarlike, about 1 mm. long; leaves obovate or
oblong-obovate, 9 to 12 em. long, 5 to 6.5 ecm. wide, subabruptly
acuminate at apex, slightly narrowed at base, entire, obscurely
quintuplinerved (lateral nerves soon anastomosing, the midnerve
prominent, the venation not elevated), subcoriaceous, lustrous, dark
122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
green; peduncles in pairs, 2.5 to 3 em. long, slender, articulate above
middle; bracts minute, triangular-ovate, about 0.7 mm. long, acute,
closely appressed to the peduncle and borne near its base; flowers
about 4 cm. wide, greenish white; calyx patelliform; sepals oblong,
1.5 em. long, 0.8 em. wide, obtuse; petals linear-oblong, about
1.3 cm. long, 0.4 em. wide; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer
subequal to the petals, ligulate, filiform toward apex, the inner
capillary, about 2 mm. long, minutely capitellate; operculum
membranous, 4 mm. high, closely plicate, slightly incurved; limen
annular, low; ovary globose, the young ovules:apparently reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: British Honduras.
ILLUSTRATION: Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: pl. 1.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type material.
BRITISH HONDURAS: “Camp 35,” British Honduras Geological
Survey, 850 meters, Schipp 713 (F, type).
This species occupies an anomalous position in the subgenus
Plectostemma, and apparently is best treated as representing a mono-
typic section. The flowers are characteristic of this subgenus, but
the scarlike glands, similar to those of Astrophea and of some species
in Granadilla, the nervation of the leaves, and the very small bracts,
closely appressed to the peduncle near its base, separate it from all
other species of Plectostemma. .
Section 3. Decaloba
Series 1. Auriculatae
33. Passiflora auriculata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 131. 1817.
Passiflora appendiculata G. F. W. Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. 223.
1818.
Passiflora cyathophora Desv. in Hamilt. Prodr. 48. 1825.
Passiflora Rohrit DC. Prodr. 3: 326. 1828.
Passiflora cinerea Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 57. pl. 177.
1838.
Cieca auriculata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 148. 1846.
Cieca appendiculata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 145. 1846.
Cieca cinerea M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 148. 1846.
Decaloba Rohrit M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 156. 1846.
Decaloba cyathophora M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 157. 1846.
Passiflora Kegeliana Garcke, Linnaea 22: 60. 1849.
Passiflora torta Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 548. 1872.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 123
Passiflora cayaponioides Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 107.
1912.
Passiflora cryptopetala Hoehne, Comm. Linh. Telegr. Matto
Grosso Ann. 5: Bot. pt. 5: 76. pl. 112. 1915.
Stem angulate, glabrous, puberulent, or finely pilosulous;
stipules filiform, 2 to 4 mm. long, soon deciduous; petioles 0.5 to 2
cm. long, puberulent, bearing near base 2 auriculate appendages
about 2 mm. wide; leaves lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or lance-
oblong in general outline, 5 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 10 cm. wide,
undulately or angulately 3-lobed, rarely unlobed, acuminate, sub-
cordate or rounded at base, 3—5-nerved (rarely 1-nerved), subcoria-
ceous, glabrous and lustrous above, cinereous-pubescent, glabrate,
dull or lustrous beneath; peduncles in pairs, 0.5 to 1 em. long; bracts
setaceous, about 2 mm. long, deciduous; flowers 2 to 2.5 em. wide;
sepals narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 10 to 15 mm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide,
acute, yellowish green or pale greenish; petals linear, 5 to 7 mm. long,
0.5 mm. wide, white; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer filiform,
about 1 cm. long, caudate, yellowish green, purple at base, the inner
barely 3 mm. long, capitellate, white; operculum membranous,
closely plicate, incurved, white; limen annular, fleshy, whitish;
gynophore often swollen at base; ovary ovoid, pilosulous; fruit glo-
bose, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, densely or sparingly pilosulous, pale
yellow; seeds obovate, 5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, flattened, the testa
bearing 6 to 10 undulating ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Maypure Cataracts, Orinoco River, Venezuela.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: pl. 177;
Comm. Linh. Telegr. Matto Grosso Ann. 5: Bot. pt. 5: pl. 112.
DISTRIBUTION: Nicaragua, southeastward to the Guianas and
the Amazon Basin of Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil; common in the
forests of the tropical zone, ascending to 1,200 meters altitude.
NICARAGUA: R. Tate 115 (BM, K), 116 (K), 117 (K).
Costa Rica: Talamanca, Pittier 8715 (Bo, Brux, N). Shirores,
Tonduz 9326 (Bo, Brux, N, V). Las Vueltas, Tonduz 13002 (BM,
Bo, N). Rio Hondo, Pittier 16919 (K).
PANAMA: Cana, R. S. Williams 964 (Y).—Canal Zone: Gatin,
Hayes 2 (G, N), 463 (Y). Chagres, Fendler 122 (G, K, N). Agua
Clara, Stevens 595 (N). Fort Sherman, Standley 30949 (N).
TRINIDAD: Broadway 6099 (K); Fendler 380 (BM); Trinidad
Herb.642(T). Sangre Grande, Trinidad Herb. 11861 (K, T). Piaco,
124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Britton & Britton 2467 (G, N, Y); Trinidad Herb. 5293 (T), 9025 (T).
Arima, Britton & Britton 2898 (G, N, Y). Caroni River, Britton &
Hazen 782 (G, N, Y). Mora, Broadway 6725 (K, Mo).
FRENCH GUIANA: Richard (P, type of P. cyathophora); Le Blonde
29 (Gen); Mélinon 65 (B); Perrottet in 1821 (Gen, P); Leprieur in
1839 (Gen, P). Karouany, Sagot 385 (K, Ut). Cayenne, Rohr
(BM, type of P. Rohrit); Patris (Gen).
SURINAM: Hostmann & Kappler (S); Landré 620, in part (Leid).
Mariepaston, Kegel 1320 (Gt, type of P. Kegeliana). Republiek,
Kuyper 3 (B, Ut). Scotelweg, Archer 2649 (N). Zandrij I, Archer
2785 (N). .
BRITISH GUIANA: Schomburgk 75 (B), 97 (K, P); Appun 870 (K);
Jenman 7585 (B). Berbice River, Schomburgk 289 (Gen, K, V).
Mt. Roraima, Schomburgk 960 (B). Potaro River, Jenman 835 (K).
Bartica, Jenman 4739 (K). Lake Itooribisci, Jenman 5133 (K).
Madoony Creek, Jenman 4972 (Y). Demerara River, Persaud
185 (F); Jenman 6271 (BG); De la Cruz 2632 (N, Y). Georgetown,
Hitchcock 16914 (G, N, Y). Kartabo, Hitchcock 17210 (N). Upper
Mazaruni River, De la Cruz 2844 (N, Y). Waini River, De la Cruz
3742 (N). Wanama River, De la Cruz 3879 (BG, G, N, Y).
VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maypure Cataracts, Humboldt &
Bonpland (type, BW).
COLOMBIA: Santander: Puerto Wilches, Killip & Smith 14811
(A, G, N, Y).—Boyaca: El Humbo, Lawrance 551 (S).—Cundi-
namarca: Cundai, Triana 2982 (BM, P).—Putumayo: Umbria,
Klug 1681. (N).—E] Valle: Buenaventura, Killip 11754 (N). Dagua,
Pérez 3022 (N).—Narifio: Tumaco, Barclay 866 (BM). (This sheet
bears the data ““Tumaco, Mexico,” but probably the southwestern
seaport of Colombia is the place of collection. Barclay collected in
both Mexico and along the Pacific coast of Colombia. This would be
the only record of this species in Mexico.)
Ecuapor: Manabi: El Recreo, Eggers 15101 (B, F).—Guayas:
Balao, Eggers 14530 (N).—Leén: Naranjal, Lehmann in 1890 (K).—
Chimborazo: Spruce 6142 (BM, K, V).—Oro: Zaruma, Lehmann
8017 (B, G, K, N).
PERU: San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 9644 (B, K).—Loreto: Mainas,
Poeppig 1790 (B, Gen, V, type of P. cinerea), 2302(Bo). Yurimaguas,
Killip & Smith 27589 (N, Y), 28811 (F, N, Y), 29085 (N, Y); L.
Williams 4226 (F), 7873 (F, Gen). Iquitos, Klug 141 (F, N, Y);
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 125
Mexia 6388 (K, N). Rio Marafién, Tessmann 4933 (Gen, S).
Balsapuerto, Klug 2933 (Gen, N).—Junin: Puerto Yessup, Killip &
Smith 26836 (F, N, Y).
BOLIVIA: Beni: Cobija, Rio Acre, Ule 9645 (B, Go, K, N, Ut).
Rurrenabaque, Cardenas (Mulford Biol. Expl. 1777; Y).—La Paz:
Tumupasa, R. S. Williams 432 (BM, Y, type of P. cayaponioides).
BRAZIL: Amazonas: Sao Gabriel de Cachoeira, Spruce 2222 (K).
Manaos, Killip & Smith 30149 (N, Y). Santa Maria de Marmettos,
Rio Madeira, Ule 6100 (B, Go). Near Roraima, Ule 8665 (B, Go,
K, Ut). Sao Paulo de Olivenga, Krukoff 8566 (Y). Para: Sao Carlos,
Spruce 2962 (K, P). Para, Killip & Smith 30273 (N, Y); Dahlgren &
Sella 682 (N). Santarem, Spruce 9114 (K, type of P. torta, P).
The position in the subgenus Plectostemma which this and the
following species should occury is not clear. Both have conspicuous
auricular appendages near the base of the petioles, but the seeds are
suleate, not reticulate as in all other species of Plectostemma with
petiolar glands. Perhaps these appendages are not true petiolar
glands, although they have the same function. Besides the sculptur-
ing of the seeds, there are other minor details which indicate its
relationship with species of the section Decaloba, rather than with
those of Cieca.
In all the Peruvian material above cited, the leaves are dull,
glaucous, and cinereous-pubescent beneath, and represent the form
described as P. cinerea, and the plant from central Brazil described as
P. cryptopetala appears also to represent this variant. In the Bolivian
specimens heretofore referred to P. cayaponioides, they are lustrous
and concolorous, as in the case of material from northern South
America and Central America.
In specimens from Trinidad and Para the leaves are sometimes
quite entire, and two of the basal nerves are so much reduced that
the leaf is strictly 1-nerved. Such leaves are sometimes found on
the same plant with leaves of typical form, so that the maintenance
of P. torta, based solely upon this variation, is impossible.
LOCAL NAME: “‘Sasoboro”’ (Surinam).
34. Passiflora ferruginea Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 556.
1872.
Stem angulate, rufo-tomentose; stipules narrowly linear, 6 to 10
mm. long; petioles 1 to 5 cm. long, bearing near middle 2 auriculiform
appendages 2 to 3 mm. wide; leaves broadly ovate in general outline,
126 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
8 to 20 em. long, 5 to 12 cm. wide, subangulately 3-lobed (lateral
lobes often much reduced), rounded at apex, rounded or cordulate
at base, sinuate-dentate or sinuate-denticulate, 3—5-nerved, mem-
branous or subcoriaceous, densely hirsutulous above, rufo-tomentose
beneath; peduncles solitary or in pairs; bracts setaceous, 1 to 2 mm.
long; flowers 2.5 to 3 cm. wide; sepals narrowly lanceolate, 1 to 1.5
em. long, about 3 mm. wide, short-corniculate, greenish; petals nar-
rowly linear, about 7 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, greenish; corona
filaments in 2 series, the outer narrowly linear in lower half, filiform
in upper, about 1 cm. long, yellow and violet;-the inner filiform, 2 to
2.5 mm. long, capitellate; operculum closely plicate, about 1 mm.
high, incurved; limen annular, fleshy, densely tomentose; ovary
ovoid, sericeo-villous; fruit broadly ovoid, about 3.5 em. long, 2.5
to 3 em. wide, flattened at ends, yellowish, at length purplish; seeds
broadly obcordate, 3 to 5 mm. long, 2.5 to 3 mm. wide, transversely
about 5-grooved.
TYPE LOCALITY: Tarapoto, Peru.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the general vicinity of the type
locality, in northern Peru.
PERU: San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4901 (K, type). Juanjui,
Alto Rio Huallaga, 400 to 800 meters, Klug 4159 (N), 4299 (N).
Until recently collected by Mr. Klug, this species had been known
only from a single fruiting specimen, the type in the Kew Herbarium.
Klug’s material is in flower, and from it the description of the floral
parts has been derived. The species is nearest related to P. auricu-
lata, having the same curious appendages on the petioles and the
same general sculpturing of the seeds.
Series 2. Heterophyllae
35. Passiflora Berteriana Balb. ex DC. Prodr. 3: 325. 1828.
Cieca Berteriana M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 145. 1846.
Passiflora coarctata Urban & Ekman, Arkiv Bot. 28A, No. 5:
89. pl. 5. 1980.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem subangular; stipules falcate-
setaceous, up to 4 mm. long; petioles 5 mm. long or less, glandless;
leaves up to 1.5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, subsessile or short-petiolate,
ternately 3-parted (leaflets ovate or obovate, 1 to 2 cm. long, 0.5 to 1
cm. wide, tapering to a distinct petiolule, usually 1—-3-lobed or -cleft,
the ultimate segments rounded or truncate at apex, minutely
cuspidate), reticulate-veined, the nerves and veins prominent be-
neath; peduncles solitary or in pairs, up to 1 cm. long, very slender;
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE | 127
bracts 3, narrowly linear, 2.5 mm. long, entire or 3-cleft; flowers 1 to
1.5 em. wide; sepals linear-oblong, 7 to 8 mm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide,
obtuse; petals ovate, about 3 mm. long, obtuse; corona filaments in
a single series, narrowly liguliform, 2 to 3 mm. long; operculum mem-
branous, plicate, incurved; limen annular; ovary globose, glabrous,
about 7 mm. in diameter; seeds obovate, about 2.5 mm. long, 1.5
mm. wide, transversely 6-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: “Santo Domingo.”
ILLUSTRATION: Arkiv Bot. 28A, No. 5: pl. 5.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Cuba and Hispaniola.
CuBA: Wright 2604 (B, Bo, G, Gen).
HAITI: Petit-Paradis, Ekman H4542 (B, type of P. coarctata, N).
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Bertero (B, Gen, type).
This species was described as apetalous, but Dr. Harms has
kindly dissected for me a flower of the type collection and reports
that it has very evident petals. Passiflora Berteriana is quite unlike
any other species, although it has the general habit of P. heterophylla.
36. Passiflora heterophylla Lam. Encycl. 3: 41. 1789.
Plant finely hirsutulous throughout; stem subangulate, slender;
stipules setaceous, 3 to 4 mm. long; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long,
glandless; leaves 3 to 7 cm. long, 4 to 9 em. wide, palmately lobed
nearly to base or the lower occasionally entire and linear or oblong
(lobes shallowly or deeply lobulate, the ultimate ones rounded or
abruptly acute at apex), cordate at base, membranous or subcoria-
ceous, hispidulous above, hirsutulous on nerves and veins beneath;
peduncles up to 3.5 em. long; bracts filiform, borne near middle of
peduncle, 3 to 4 mm. long; flowers 1.5 to 3 cm. wide; sepals oblong-
lanceolate, 8 to 10 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, obtuse, aristate
dorsally below apex; petals linear-oblong, 3.5 to 5 mm. long, 1 to
2.5 mm. wide; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer narrowly liguli-
form, 5 to 6 mm. long, reflexed, green, violet at base, the inner fili-
form, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, capitellate; operculum membranous, plicate,
incurved, minutely fimbrillate, white below, pinkish above; limen
annular; ovary subglobose, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: “St. Domingue.”
ILLUSTRATION: Plum. Pl. Amer. ed. Burm. pl. 139, f. 1.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Cuba and Haiti.
CuBA: Pinar del Rio: Sierra Guacamayas, Ekman 17983 (B,
HS, HV;N, 8, ¥).
128 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
HAITI: Collector doubtful (P, type); Ehrenberg 69 (B). Massif
des Matheux, 400 meters, Ekman H2132 (B, N,S).
Ekman 2132 and 17983 and Ehrenberg 69 are in fine condition
and permit a detailed description of this hitherto little known species.
The leaves of a single plant sometimes show great variation; in
Plumier’s plate they are shown as sinuately 5-lobed, 3-lobed, and
entire.
Series 3. Sexflorae
37. Passiflora quadriflora Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:
424. 1927.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem angular, strongly compressed,
striate, scabrous; stipules setaceous, about 1 cm. long; petioles 7 to
9 mm. long, tortuous, glandless; leaves narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 8
cm. long, 1.5 to 2 em. wide, unlobed, acute, mucronulate, rounded
or subcuneate at base, entire, 3-nerved (nerves nearly parallel,
conspicuous), reticulate-veined, ocellate between lateral nerves and
midnerve, coriaceous or subcoriaceous; peduncles in pairs, 2-flowered,
the main portion and the branches nearly equal, each about 1 em.
long; bracts setaceous, 3 to 5 mm. long, scattered; flowers rotate-
campanulate, about 5 cm. wide, greenish(?); sepals lanceolate, about
2 cm. long, 0.5 cm. wide at base, acute; petals linear-lanceolate, 5 to
6 mm. long, 1 to 1.2 mm. wide, obtuse, white, membranous; corona
filaments in 2 series, the outer filiform, 5 to 6 mm. long, the inner
capillary, 2 mm. long; operculum membranous, 2 mm. long, slightly
plicate, finely fimbriate one-third its length; nectar ring annular;
limen shallowly saucer-shaped, 0.5 mm. high; ovary globose; styles
very slender, about 8 mm. long; fruit globose-ovoid, subtrigonous,
averaging 2.3 cm. long, 2.2 cm. in diameter.
TYPE LOCALITY: Villeabamba, Rio Chinchao, Peru.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern slopes of the Andes in northern and
central Peru.
PERU: San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6464 (B, Gen, Go); L. Wil-
liams 5514 (F).—Huanuco: Rio Chinchao, 1,900 meters, Macbride
5189 (F, type, N).
This species presents several unusual characters. The peduncles
are 2-flowered, but they do not terminate in a tendril as in the case
of P. cirrhiflora, P. tryphostemmatoides, and P. gracillima. The
leaves are unlobed, an unusual form in the subgenus Plectostemma,
to which P. quadrifolia clearly belongs. The operculum is more
deeply fimbriate than in most species of this subgenus.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 129
38. Passiflora sexflora Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 110. pl. 37,
f. 2. 1805.
Passiflora pannosa J. E. Sm. in Rees, Cycl. 20: Passiflora No. 28.
1819. ‘
Passiflora capsularis var. geminifolia DC. Prodr. 3: 325. 1828
(error for geminiflora).
Meioperis pannosa Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 108. 1838.
Cieca pannosa M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 148. 1846.
Decaloba sexflora M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 164. 1846.
Passiflora floribunda Lemaire, Fl. des Serres 4: 335b. 1848.
Passiflora triflora Macf. Fl. Jamaica 2: 149. 1850.
Passiflora capsularis var. geminiflora DC. ex Mast. in Mart.
F]. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 590. 1872.
Passiflora miraflorensis Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 109.
1924.
Passiflora isotriloba Cuf. Archivio Bot. 9: 196. 19338.
Stem densely hirsute, subangular; stipules linear-subulate, about
5 mm. long; petioles hirsute, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, glandless; leaves
3 to 8 em. along midnerve, 5 to 12 cm. along lateral nerves, 5 to 11
cm. wide, 3-lobed (middle lobe usually shorter than, or occasionally
as long as the lateral lobes), rounded or subcordate at base, entire,
membranous, rarely subcoriaceous, hirsutulous and usually setulose
above, softly villous or tomentose beneath; peduncles in pairs, 2—10-
flowered, rarely 1-flowered; bracts and bractlets linear-lanceolate,
3 to 5 mm. long, irregularly few-cleft or subentire; flowers 1.5 to 3
cm. wide; sepals lanceolate, 8 to 15 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, acute,
densely hirsute without, glabrous within, white; petals linear, 8 to
10 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, obtuse; corona filaments in 2 series,
the outer as long as the petals, white at apex, purple below, those of
the inner series half as long as the outer, purple throughout, capitate;
operculum membranous, plicate, lavender, the apex incurved; limen
annular; ovary globose, densely brown-pubescent; fruit globose or
depressed-globose, 6 to 10 mm. in diameter, densely pubescent;
seeds obovate, slightly flattened, black, coriaceous, transversely
6-7-suleate, the ridges rugulose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Dominican Republic.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: pl. 37, f. 2; Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 499. f. 230E, F; Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined.
26: pl. 12.
130 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Florida and Greater Antilles, and on the
continent from southern Mexico to Panama; also in the Central
Cordillera of Colombia.
FLORIDA: Dade Co.: Sykes Hammock, Small & Mosier 5484
(S, Y); J. A. Harris C17358 (Minn). Goodburn Hammock, Small &
Mosier 5920 (S). Costello and Ross Hammock, Eaton 668 (F).
Cauldwell’s Hammock, Britton 264 (F, K, Y). Cutler, Small &
Carter in 1908 (F, N, Y). Redlands District, Moldenke 550 (Y),
552a (Y). m
Mexico: Sessé & Mocifio 4460 (Bo, Ma), 4461, in part (Ma).
Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Jiirgensen 796 (BM, Bo, Gen, K), 886
(Gen).—Tepic: Acaponeta, Rose in 1897 (N).—Veracruz: Liebmann
4121 (Cop), 4123 (Cop). Mirador, Inebmann 4122 (Cop); Linden
752, in part (Gen). Orizaba, Bourgeau 3279 (G, K, P). Zacuapan,
Purpus 2065 (BM, Cal, F, G, N, Y), 10840 (N). Cdrdoba, Bourgeau
1897 (B, Bo, Brux, Gen, N, P, 8S); Kerber 117 (B, BM, Bo, Brux,
Cop, Gen, K, N, P). Fenia, Purpus 10012 (N).—Oaxaca: Chinantla,
Galeotti 3670 (Brux, Gen, P), 3673 (P).—Chiapas: Purpus 7294 (Cal).
GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango: Tecaltenango, Seler 3143 (B, N).—
Alta Verapaz: Finca Mocca, H. Johnson 82 (G, N); Skutch 1468 (N).
Coban, H. Johnson 528 (N); Tiirckheim 686 (B, G, K, Y), 8216 (B,
G, N), 17.614 (Y), [1.1389 (N). Tres Cruces, J. D. Smith 1624
(K, N). Tactic, Lehmann 1419 (Bo, G, K), 1431 (Bo).—Baja Vera-
paz: Purula, Tiirckheim IT.1723 (N).—Quiché: San Miguel Uspantan,
Heyde & Lux 3091 (N).—Quezaltenango: Volcan Santa Maria,
Kellerman 6698 (F).
Costa Rica: Oersted 4150 (Cop). Cartago, Oersted 4120 (Cop);
Standley 50868 (N). Cerros de Irazi, Revmoser 289 (V, type collection
of P. isotriloba); Pitter (Tonduz) 13044 (Bo, K, N). Finca La Cima,
San José, Standley 42617 (N).
PANAMA: Chiriqui: El Boquete, Pittier 3285 (N). Monte Lirio,
Seibert 180 (Mo).
CuBA: Las Piedras, Eggers 4756 (B, F, N, P); Poeppig in 1824 (V).
—Pinar del Rio: Sierra del Brujo, Leén 12925 (HS). Sierra de Los
Organos, Ekman 106616 (S).—Santa Clara: Rio Hanabaiulla,
Ekman 18491 (B, 8). Buenos Aires, Jack 6829 (N), 7127 (N).—
Oriente: Santiago, Linden 1124 (Brux), 1821 in part (B, BM, Bo, Gen,
P, V); Wright 200 (BM, Bo, Gen, HA). Loma del Gato, Clement 566
(HS); Leén et al. 9869 (HS). Guantanamo, Hioram 6748 (HS).
Sierra de Nipe, Ekman 3114 (N, S), 9912 (S); Shafer 2980 (B, F, N, Y),
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 131
Sierra del Cobre, Ekman 7878 (S). Sierra peer Ekman 8109 (S).
Corojo, Ekman 5047 (S).
HAITI: Jaeger 164 (B). Furey, Leonard 4271 (BM, G, N), 4586
(N), 4683 (N); Buch 1571 (B); Picarda 1532 (B); Christ 1681 (B).
Morne de la Hotte, Ekman 474 (B, S). Fonds Varettes, Leonard
3770 (BM, N), 3965 (N, Ph), 3970 (N). Marmelade, Leonard 8315
(N). Kalacroix, Leonard 7961 (N). Goave, Ekman H7309 (N).
Massif de la Selle, Bailey 204 (N).
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Poiteau (Gen, P, type). Barahona,
Fuertes 598 (B), 1200 (B). Constanza, Tiirckheim 3254 (B). Sa-
baneta, Valeur 515 (N).
JAMAICA: Mandeville, Crawford 691 (Ph). Hollymount, Maxon
& Killip 419 (N), 494 (F, G, N, Y), 586 (N); Maxon 10422 (N);
Perkins 415 (B), 664 (B). Kingston(?), Hansen (Cop). Port Royal
Mountains, Maxon 8725 (N). Catadupa, Maxon & Killip 1548
(N, P, Y). Bath, Boughton 26 (Roch), 29 (Roch). Trafalgar River,
Maxon & Killip 807 (N). Blue Mountains, Rothrock 344 (F);
Nichols 38 (F, G); Fawcett (J); Harris 7684 (F), 7707 (J); Hart 656 (N).
PUERTO Rico: Adjuntas, Britton & Shafer 2019 (N, Y). Maricao,
Britton, Britton & Hess 2607 (N, Y); Sintenis 342 (B, BM, Bo, G,
Gen, N, S); F. H. Sargent 599 (N). Aibonito, Wetmore 209 (N);
Sintenis 26384 (G), 2701 (B, N), 2968 (B, P). Guajataca, Sintenis
6204 (B). Lares, Britton, Britton & Hess 2756 (N, Y); Sintenis 6103
(B). Mt. Morales, Britton & Cowell 450 (N, Y). Caguas, Britton &
Cowell 1398 (N, Y); Cook & Collins 440 (N).. Dominguito, Cowles
141 (N). Mayagiiez, Heller 4475 (B, F, G, HV, N); F. H. Sargent
322 (N). Guayama, Stahl 1102 (B).
COLOMBIA: El Valle: Miraflores, east of Palmira, 2,100 meters,
Killip 6135 (N, type of P. miraflorensis).
Because of the compound inflorescence this species has generally
been associated with P. multiflora, and placed in the group Poly-
anthea. The peduncles bear several flowers, though in the type
specimens of P. miraflorensis and P. isotriloba they are predomi-
nantly 1-flowered.
Passiflora pannosa, based upon a West Indian specimen, was
described as apetalous; other characters given in the description,
especially the 3-cleft bracts, indicate that it is identical with P. sex-
flora, the minute petals having been overlooked. The name P.
capsularis var. geminiflora was given by De Candolle to a Jamaican
plant mentioned by Smith in Rees’ Cyclopedia under P. capsularis
1382 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
as having the peduncles in pairs. This evidently is also P. sexflora.
Passiflora triflora, likewise described from a Jamaican. specimen, was
said to have glabrescent leaves, peduncles in pairs, each with three
flowers, and bractlets awl-shaped or 3-cleft. This species was main-
tained as valid by Fawcett and Rendle in the Flora of Jamaica,
though they also listed the name in the synonymy of P. sexflora.
The occurrence of this plant in Colombia represents an interesting
extension of range. Lemaire based P. floribunda upon a plant grown
in Europe from seeds brought by Linden from New Granada, but
as Linden also collected in Cuba and some of his plants are known
to have been wrongly labeled, it has been thought that the New
Granada record was erroneous. Among the unpublished Mutis
paintings at Madrid is one which clearly depicts P. sexflora, but
unfortunately there is no precise locality in Colombia associated
with this plate. The plant from the Central Cordillera of Colombia,
described by me as P. miraflorensis, I now think is indistinguishable
from P. sexflora, though nearly all its peduncles bear but a single flower.
In the absence of flowers or fruit, P. sexflora is easily confused
with P. capsularis and P. rubra. The middle leaf lobe is usually
muck more developed than in these two.
LOCAL NAMES: “Granada” (Mexico; Guatemala); “‘pasionaria de
cerca” (Cuba).
39. Passiflora allantophylla Mast. Bot. Gaz. 16: 7. 1891.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem angulate, sulcate-striate, finely
setulose; tendrils axillary; stipules setaceous, 1.5 to 2 mm. long,
deciduous; petioles 0.5 to 1 em. long, glandless; leaves 2 to 2.5 cm.
long, 4 to 5 cm. wide, 2-lobed to the middle (lobes rounded, mucronu-
late, somewhat divergent), entire, rotund at base, the lower surface
bearing 1 or 2 pairs of ocellae; peduncles slender, equaling or slightly
exceeding the petioles, 3-flowered, the pedicels very slender, as long,
or nearly as long, as the peduncles; bracts setaceous, deciduous;
flowers 1 to 1.2 cm. wide, white; sepals oblong, 5 to 7 mm. long, 2 to
2.5 mm. wide, obtuse; petals hyaline, slightly shorter than the sepals;
corona filaments in a single series, about 2 mm. long, capitellate,
yellow at apex, purplish at base; operculum membranous, slightly
plicate, the margin fimbrillate, incurved; limen narrowly annular,
fleshy; ovary subglobose, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Rosa, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in northern
Guatemala.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 133
GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz: Santa Rosa, 1,500 meters, Tiirck-
heim (J. D. Smith 1425; K, type, N).
This species is known only from a single collection. It isa very
delicate plant, noteworthy for the 3-flowered peduncles. The foliage
is suggestive of P. mexicana and P. ornithoura, though the species is
not closely related to either.
40. Passiflora saxicola Gontsch. Bull. Jard. Bot. Princ. U.S.S. R.
26: 559. 1927.
Plant glabrous throughout; stipules setaceous, 1 to 2 mm. long;
petioles slender, up to 7 mm. long, glandless; leaves bilobed (lobes
broadly obovate, rounded, wide-spreading, hence the blade trans-
versely oblong), up to 1.8 cm. along midnerve and 6 cm. wide, 3-
nerved; peduncles up to 7 mm. long, 2-8-flowered, the pedicels
slender, 6 to 10 mm. long; bracts subulate, about 1 mm. long; flowers
yellowish white; calyx tube broadly campanulate; sepals oblong,
about 1.2 em. long, 6 mm. wide, obtuse; petals oblong, about half
as long as the sepals; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer filiform, 7 to
8 mm. long, dilated at middle, the inner filiform, about 3 mm. long;
operculum membranous, 2.5 mm. high, plicate above middle,
short-denticulate; limen a thick, crispate ridge; ovary ovoid.
TYPE LOCALITY: Near Ilheos, State of Bahia, Brazil, the type
collected by L. Riedel (No. 789).
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type specimen.
This recently proposed species I know only from description.
The author likens it to P. Maximiliana (P. misera) but notes a
difference in the shape of the leaves, the color of the flowers, and the
“‘petaloid’”’ outer corona filaments. To the first of these differen-
tiating characters I do not attach much importance, as the leaves of
P. misera are quite variable, certain forms agreeing well with the
above description, and the color of the flowers ranges from yellowish
white to greenish white. ‘The dilated outer corona filaments and,
more especially, the compound inflorescence, not stressed by Gont-
scharow, suggest that a wholly different species is represented. In
the present treatment this comes nearest P. allantophylla and
P. sexflora.
Series 4. Apetalae
41. Passiflora apetala Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12: 255.
1922.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem angulate, grooved; stipules
setaceous, 2 to 4 mm. long; petioles 1.5 to 3 em. long, glandless;
184 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
leaves broadly cuneate in outline, 3 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 6 cm. wide,
bilobate (lobes subapproximate, one-half to quite as long as the un-
divided portion of blade, obtuse, mucronate), at base subrotund or
cuneate, strongly 3-nerved, membranaceous; peduncles in pairs,
slender, 2 cm. long; bracts setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long, deciduous;
flowers small, 1.2 to 1.8 cm. wide; sepals oblanceolate, 6 mm. long,
2.5 mm. wide, yellowish green, inconspicuously nerved; petals none;
corona filaments in a single series, filiform, 2.5 mm. long; operculum
membranaceous, plicate, strongly incurved about base of gynophore;
limen annular; ovary depressed-globose, 1° mm. in diameter, gla-
brous; fruit black, globose, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter; seeds broadly
ovate, 2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, transversely sulcate with 6 or 7
nearly parallel ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cerro de Escazi, Costa Rica, 1,000 meters
altitude.
ILLUSTRATION: Gard. Chron. 4: 420. 1875.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of central Costa Rica, between 1,000
and 2,200 meters altitude; also in western Panama.
Costa Rica: Endres (V); Pittier 4366 (Brux, V). Viento Fresco,
Standley & Torres 47906 (N). Cerro de Las Lajas, Heredia, Standley
& Valerio 51417 (N). Cerro de Escazt, Pittier (or Tonduz?) 13043
(Bo, F, K, N, type). Copey, Tonduz (or Pittier?) 11739 (B, Brux,
F, N, V). San José, J. D. Smith 6530 (BM, K, N). Santa Maria
de Dota, Standley 41607 (N), 42945 (N); Tonduz 17462 (B, G).
Cartago, Oersted 4086 (Cop), 4140 (Cop).
PANAMA: Chiriqui: Monte Lirio, Seibert 160 (N).
This is the only member of Plectostemma section Decaloba
definitely known to be without petals. The foliage is much like
that of P. ornithoura, but the species differs not only in the absence
of petals but in longer and narrower sepals and in much longer,
filiform—not linear—filaments.
42. Passiflora Poeppigii Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 630. 1871; in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 546. 1872.
Passiflora lunata Juss. sensu Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp.
2: 58. pl. 178. 18385. Not P. lunata Juss.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem slender, subangular, com-
pressed; stipules subulate-falcate, 1.5 mm. long; petioles slender, up
to 3 cm. long, glandless; leaves transversely oblong in general outline,
1.5 to 5 em. along midnerve, 2 to 6.5 cm. along lateral nerves, 3.5 to
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 135
10 em. wide, repand-truncate at upper margin, truncate and sub-
emarginate at base, membranous; peduncles solitary or in pairs, 4 to
6 cm. long, very slender; bracts setaceous, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, borne
near middle of peduncle; flowers 1.5 to 2 cm. wide; calyx tube cam-
panulate; sepals broadly ovate, about 1.5 cm. long and 1 em. wide,
subacute, white; petals none(?); corona filaments in 2 series, the
outer filiform, 7 to 8 mm. long, the inner narrowly linear, about
2 mm. long, capitate; operculum plicate, incurved; ovary ovoid.
TYPE LOCALITY: Province of Mainas, Peru.
ILLUSTRATION: Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: pl. 178.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type specimen.
PERU: Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig D.2170 (V, type).
The only other apetalous species of Decaloba is P. apetala,
of Costa Rica and western Panama, but in no other respect do the
two species seem closely related. The coronal structure and the
general outline of the leaves suggest a close affinity with P. misera
and P. leptoclada. Iam not fully satisfied that the plant is apetalous.
Dr. Rechinger, of the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, has
generously lent me a part of the type material, but it is impossible,
because of the condition of the flowers, to verify the author’s state-
ment that they are without petals. If petals actually are present,
the species should be placed next to P. misera, from which it would
be differentiated by the broadly ovate rather than linear-oblong
sepals, and the shorter filaments of the outer corona.
Series 5. Luteae
43. Passiflora lutea L. Sp. Pl. 958. 1753.
Granadilla lutea Medic. Malvenfam. 96. 1787.
Plant glabrous or sparingly pilosellous; stipules setaceous, 3 to 5
mm. long, deciduous; petioles up to 5 cm. long,. glandless; leaves
usually much wider than long, 3 to 7 (or occasionally up to 9) cm.
long, 4 to 10 (or up to 15) em. wide, 3-lobed usually from one-quarter
to one-third the length (lobes broadly triangular-ovate, rounded or
obtuse, rarely acutish, often mucronulate), rounded, subcordate, or
subtruncate at base, 3-nerved, closely and usually inconspicuously
reticulate-veined, membranous, rarely subcoriaceous; peduncles
solitary or in pairs, 1.5 to 4 em. long, very slender; bracts none;
flowers 1 to 2 cm. wide; calyx tube patelliform; sepals linear-oblong,
5 to 10 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, obtuse, pale green; petals linear,
3 to 5 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, acutish, white; corona filaments
186 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
in 2 series, the outer ones about 30, narrowly linear or almost fili-
form, 5 to 10 mm. long, radiate, greenish white, the inner narrowly
liguliform, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long, slightly thickened toward apex,
white above, pink-tinged at base; operculum membranous, plicate,
erect, white at margin, pale pink at base; nectar ring a low ridge;
limen cupuliform, fleshy; ovary obovoid, glabrous; fruit globose-
ovoid, about 1.5 cm. long and 1 cm. in diameter; seeds broadly
obcordate or suborbicular, 4.5 to 5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, trans-
versely sulcate with 6 or 7 grooves, the ridges strongly rugulose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Virginia.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Jacq. Icon. Pl. Rar. 3: pl. 607; Cav. Diss. 10:
pl. 267; Bot. Reg. 1: pl. 79; Britton & Brown, Illustr. Fl. Northeast.
U.8. 22467 ed.2, 22565:
DISTRIBUTION: Pennsylvania to Illinois and Kansas, south to
Florida and Texas.
PENNSYLVANIA: Allegheny County, Koenig in 1895 (N).
OHIO: Chillicothe, Safford 425 (N). Dayton, Morgan in 1879
(N). Cincinnati, Lloydin 1882 (N).
INDIANA: Haubstadt, Schwermeier in 1897 (N).
ILLINOIS: Marion County, Bebb in 1860 (F).
Missouri: Allenton, Letterman (N). Carondelet, Eggert in 1877
(N). Springfield, Standley 8939 (N). .
MARYLAND: Great Falls, House 497 (N); Leonard & Killip 687
(N). Glen Echo, Tidestrom (N). Plummer’s Island, Killip 13107,
13742 (N).
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Vasey (N); Ward (N); Steele (Cop, N);
Kearney (N); Chickering (N).
VIRGINIA: Cultivated at Uppsala (Linn, type); Muhlenberg
(BW). Four Mile Run, Pollard in 1895 (N). Luray, Tidestrom 6723
(N). Altavista, Fauntleroy 674 (N). Churchview, Leonard & Killip
549 (N). Ocean View, Kearney 1217 (N).
WEST VIRGINIA: Baileysville, Morris 1208 (N). Eagle Mountain,
Steele 14 (N). Grafton, J. D. Smith in 1879 (N).
NORTH CAROLINA: Church’s Island, McAtee 1215 (N). Columbus,
Townsend in 1897 (N). Biltmore, Biltmore Herbarium 739 (N).
Smith’s Island, Biltmore Herbarium 7396 (N).
SOUTH CAROLINA: Bradley, Davis .1994 (N). Clemson College,
Anderson 1586 (N). Charleston, Curtiss 6528 (N).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 187
GEORGIA: Union Point, Biltmore Herbarium 739d (N). Rome,
Biltmore Herbarium 739e (N). Oconee River, J. D. Smith in 1884 (N).
Lookout Mountain, Ruth 409 (N). Chickamauga, Harper 113 (N).
FLORIDA: Chapman 869 (N). Lake City, Nash 2155 (N).
KENTUCKY: Bardwell, McFarland 257 (N). Marion County,
Williamson in 1875 (N).
TENNESSEE: Wolf Creek, Kearney 729 (N). Nashville, Svenson
349 (N). Chester County, Bain 109 (N).
ALABAMA: Mobile, Mohr in 1878 (N). Agricola, Pollard & Maxon
106 (N). Guntersville, Biltmore Herbarium 739a (N).
MISSISSIPPI: Ocean Springs, Skehan in 1895 (N). Biloxi, Tracy
5075 (N). Rockport, F. Cook in 1925 (N).
ARKANSAS: Little Rock, Hasse in 1886 (N). Gum Springs, E. J.
Palmer 10553 (N). Hot Springs, Runyon 1492 (N).
LOUISIANA: Covington, Arséne 11681 (N), 11753 (N). Catalpa,
Pennell 4300 (Penn).
OKLAHOMA: Lenapah, G. W. Stevens 2638 (N). Fort Cobb,
Palmer 144 (N).
TEXAS: Weatherford, Tracy 8296 (N). San Antonio, FE. D.
Schulz 785 (N). Houston, Tharp 2448 (N); E. Hall 229 (N). El
Jardin, Runyon 521 (N). San Augustine, Crockett (N). Fort Smith,
Bigelow (N). Denison, Biltmore Herbarium 739f (N). Temple,
Wolff 2297 (N). Bachman Dam, Lundell & Lundell 7042 (N).
Passiflora lutea and P. incarnata, the only species widely distrib-
uted in the United States, are represented in herbaria by a very large
number of specimens. In both cases only a few are cited in the
present publication, these being selected to show the distribution
by states.
This and the two following species are bractless, but because of
the rugulose ridges of the seeds and the small, subglobose fruit they
clearly should be placed in the section Decaloba rather than Xerogona,
which likewise is bractless. The peduncles of these three species
are very slender, the flowers small, and the leaves broader than
long and trilobed above the middle. Passiflora lutea is distinguished
from P. filipes by the thicker filaments of the outer corona, and by
thicker, more deeply lobed leaves, the reticulate venation of which
usually is quite evident. Wolff 2297, from central Texas, is an
aberrant form, with deeply lobed leaves, the lobes being lanceolate
138 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
or oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 9 em. long along the nerves and 1.5 to 3 em.
wide, the distance between the extremities of the lateral lobes
reaching 15 em.
44. Passiflora filipes Benth. Pl. Hartw. 118. 1843.
Decaloba filipes M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 161. 1846.
Plant slender, glabrous throughout; stem terete; stipules linear-
lanceolate, 2 to 4 mm. long, faleate, acuminate; petioles 1 to 2 cm.
long, glandless; leaves 1 to 4 cm. long, 2 to 6 cm. wide, 3-lobed at
apex (lobes nearly equal, obtuse or slightly acuminate), rounded at
base, 38-nerved, dark green above, slightly glaucescent beneath;
peduncles very slender, 4 to 6 cm. long, diverging at nearly right
angles to the stem; bracts none; flowers small, 8 to 15 mm. wide,
yellowish green or greenish white; sepals lanceolate or linear-lanceo-
late, 6 to 9 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, acutish; petals narrowly linear,
3 to 4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; corona filaments in 2 series, filiform,
the outer equaling the petals, the inner shorter; operculum mem-
branous, plicate, incurved; limen annular, close to the gynophore;
ovary globose, glabrous; fruit globose, 5 to 7 mm. in diameter; seeds
slightly flattened, obovate or obcordate, 4 mm. long, 2.5 to 3 mm.
wide, transversely sulcate with 3 or 4 broken ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: “In woods near Guayaquil, Ecuador,” but
almost certainly Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Texas to Nicaragua; also in Venezuela;
tropical zone, up to 900 meters altitude.
TEXAS: Cameron County: Olmito, Rose & Russell 24171 (N).
Brownsville, Rose 18109 (N); Clover 1603 (Mich), 1700 (Mich).
South Point, Hotchkiss 4847 (N).
MExiIco: Hartweg 661 (Gen, K, type, P, V, Y); Haenke 872 (Pr).—
Tamaulipas: Victoria, Berlandier 2265 (BM, Bo, G, K, N), 3046
(Gen, K). La Morita, Bartlett 10777 (Mich).—Sinaloa: Culiacan,
Brandegee in 1904 (Cal).—Jalisco: Quimixto, Mexia 1235 (BM, Gen,
N).—Colima: Manzanillo, Ferris 6228 (N).—Veracruz: Lacoba,
Liebmann 4115 (Cop). Mirador, Liebmann 4143 (Cop). Zacuapan,
Purpus 2295 (Cal, G, N, Y). Bafios del Carrizal, Purpus 6235 (Cal,
F, N, Y).—Oaxaca: Tomellin Cafion, Rose 11323 (N, Y). Puerto
Angel, Reko 3486 (N). Oaxaca, Galeotti 3656 (Brux, Gen, K).
GUATEMALA: Chocén, Watson 2446 (G).
HonpDuRas: San Pedro Sula, Tiirckheim 5247 (N).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 139
SALVADOR: Ahuachapan, Standley 19887 (N, Y), 20024 (G, N);
Padilla 4 (N). Sonsonate, Calderén 2222 (N).
NICARAGUA: Chaves 332 (N). Granada, Lévy 392 (Cop, Bo, Gen,
P). Masaya, Maxon 7704 (N). .
VENEZUELA: Moritz (or Otto?) 2001 (BM, V); Karsten (V).
Orinoco River, Humboldt & Bonpland (BW).—Yaracuy: Iboa,
Pittier 13095 (B, F, Gen, Mo, N, Y).
There is probably an error in the locality given for Hartweg’s
type specimen. Passiflora filipes is a fairly common species in
Mexico, but there is no record of it in Ecuador other than that of
the Hartweg collection. Labels on the specimens of Hartweg 661 in
the New York Botanical Garden and the Muséum d’Histoire
Naturelle, Paris, both read “‘Guayaquil.’”’ In the specimen at
Geneva the word “‘Mexico,” printed on the label, is crossed out and
“Guayaquil” written in. Hartweg collected in both Mexico and
in Ecuador, and at about the same period.
There is not a vestige of a bract on any of the numerous speci-
mens examined, even those with very young peduncles, of the three
species, P. filipes, P. Pavonis, and P. lutea. Both P. filipes and
P. Pavonis were described as having small, deciduous bracts, but
I believe their presence was assumed.
LOCAL NAMES: ‘‘Pasiflorita” (Nicaragua); “sandillita de péjaro”’
(Salvador).
45. Passiflora Pavonis Mast. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 21: 35. 1883.
Stem angled, grooved, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, the
branches densely pubescent; stipules narrowly falcate, 3 mm. long,
acuminate, deciduous; petioles filiform, 0.5 to 1.5 em. long, densely
puberulent, glandless; leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, 2 to 5 em. wide, 3-lobed
at apex (lobes nearly equal in length, rounded or truncate, mucronate,
the middle the broader), rounded at base, strongly 3—5-nerved, entire,
dark green and glabrous above, beneath paler and appressed-hirtel-
lous on the nerves; peduncles in pairs, slender, 1 to 2.5 cm. long,
puberulent; bracts none; flowers 1.5 to 2 em. wide, yellowish green;
calyx tube setulose, ventricose at base; sepals linear-lanceolate, 10 to
12 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, acuminate, obscurely 3-nerved, minutely
puberulent without, glabrous within; petals 3 to 4 mm. long, barely
1.5 mm. wide, acute; corona filaments in 2 series, capillary, the outer
ones one-third to one-half the length of the petals, reflexed, the inner
about 2 mm. long, erect; operculum membranous, plicate, the margin
140 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
fimbrillate; limen annular; ovary globose or broadly ovoid, setulose;
fruit globose, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, glabrescent; seeds broadly
ovate, compressed, 2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, transversely rugose
with 6 rounded, conspicuously rugulose ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of central Mexico.
MExIco: Sessé & Mociio (BM, type, cited as ‘‘Pavén,”’ Bo).—
Morelos: Cuernavaca, 2,000 meters, Pringle 6826 (B, BM, Bo, Brux,
Cal, F, G, Gen, K, Minn, Mo, N, P, Ph,*S, V, Y). Tepoxtlan,
Pringle 9207 (G, N).—Mexico: Taquesquipan, Hinton 816 (N).
The minute inner series of corona filaments evidently was over-
looked by Masters, as he describes the faucial corona as “‘filis 1-
seriatis.”” This species is readily distinguished from P. filipes by
its pubescence, shorter peduncles, larger flowers, and truncate middle
leaf lobe.
Series 6. Organenses
46. Passiflora salvadorensis Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 42: 297. 1906.
“‘Passiflora subtriangularis alfa’’ Calderén, Passifl. Dilob. Salv.
15. pl. opp. p. 20.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem subtriangular, striate; stipules
filiform; petioles 3 to 5 cm. long, glandless; leaves 6 to 10 em. long
(along lateral nerves), 6.5 to 8.5 em. wide (or the lower up to 18 em.
long, 12 cm. wide), bilobed one-third to two-thirds their length (lobes
oblong, lance-oblong, or ovate-oblong, rounded or acutish, suberect,
the sinus often very narrow), rounded or truncate at base but often
abruptly narrowed to petiole, dark green and often lustrous above,
paler and dull beneath, membranous; peduncles in pairs, up to 5 em.
long, slender; bracts subulate, about 4 mm. long, borne slightly below
middle of peduncle; flowers 2.5 to 3 cm. wide; sepals linear, 1.5 to
2 cm. long, 5 mm. wide or less, green; petals similar to the sepals,
about 5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, white or light yellow-green;
corona filaments in a single series, filiform, about 1 cm. long, purple
or purplish red; operculum membranous, 3 to 4 mm. high, erect
or very slightly inclined toward the gynophore, pinkish purple,
slightly plicate, denticulate; limen annular, 1 to 2 mm. high; ovary
subglobose; fruit globose, about 1 cm. in diameter; seeds obovate,
2 to 3 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, transversely sulcate with about
6 strongly rugulose ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: San Salvador, Salvador.
ILLUSTRATION: Calderén, Passifl. Dilob. Salv. opp. p. 20.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 141
DISTRIBUTION: Salvador, 650 to 1,400 meters altitude.
SALVADOR: Ahuachapan, Padilla 478 (N). San Salvador, Velasco
(J. D. Smith 8887; N, type); Standley 19279 (G, N); Calderén 810
(G, N). Cerro del Guayabal, Calderén 2004 (N).
In this species and the following the operculum is longer than
in other species of Decaloba, and is folded very slightly and at
the apex only, thus suggesting Murucuja and Granadilla, section
Kermesinae. Likewise, the limen is more elevated than it normally
is in Decaloba, and the stamen filaments are unusually long and
very slender.
The leaves of both P. salvadorensis and P. jorullensis are quite
similar to those of P. ornithoura and P. mexicana.
LOCAL NAME: ‘‘Calzoncillo.”’
47. Passiflora jorullensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 183. 1818.
Passiflora trisetosa DC. Prodr. 3: 324. 1828.
Cieca trisetosa M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 147. 1846.
Decaloba jorullensis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 160. 1846.
Passiflora Medusae Lemaire, F]. des Serres 4: 375. 1848.
Passiflora punctata L. sensu Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 155.
1887. Not P. punctata L.
Stem subtriangular, densely puberulent; stipules setaceous, 2 to 3
mm. long; petioles 3 to 4 em. long, strongly grooved, puberulent,
glandless; leaves bilobed or trilobed one-third their length (length
along midnerve 2 to 8 cm., along lateral nerves 3 to 8.5 cm.; lobes
erect, rounded or subacute, mucronulate, 3 to 8 cm. wide), truncate
or subcuneate at base, 3-nerved, reticulate-veined (nerves and veins
conspicuous), minutely puberulent above, glabrous beneath; pedun-
cles in pairs, 2.5 to 3 em. long; bracts setaceous, scattered; flowers
3.5 to 4 em. wide, “‘orange’’; sepals linear-lanceolate, 15 mm. long,
2 to 3 mm. wide, acute, glabrous; petals obscure, slender, linear, 3
to 4 mm. long, less than 1 mm. wide, obtuse; corona filaments in
a single series, narrowly ligulate, 8 mm. long, 0.5 to 0.6 mm. wide;
operculum membranous, about 3 mm. high, slightly plicate above,
flat below (margin slightly arcuate, minutely denticulate), at first
orange then pink, becoming brown when dry; limen membranous, cup-
shaped, 1.5 mm. high, arising at base of gynophore, entire; ovary
globose, minutely hispidulous, becoming glabrate; fruit globose,
about 1 cm. in diameter, glabrous, black, lustrous; seeds obovate,
142 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, transversely sulcate, with
5 rugulose ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mt. Jorullo, Mexico.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Fl. des Serres 5: pl. 528; Bot. Mag. 79: pl. 4752;
A. DC. Dess. Pl. Mex. 1: pl. 29.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of central and southern Mexico,
between 1,300 and 1,800 meters altitude.
MExIco: Sessé & Mocifio 4459 (Bo, Gen, Ma, type of P. trisetosa),
4461, in part (Ma).—Mexico: Puerto Salitre, Hinton 1794 (K, N).
Timbres, Hinton 2139 (K, N). Temascaltepec, Hinton 2407 (K).—
Michoacan: Mt. Jorullo, Bonpland (B, type). Uruapan, Pringle
13673 (G).—Colima: Hacienda San Antonio, Reko 4822 (N).—
Oaxaca: Ghiesbreght 301 (P).—Chiapas: Siltepec, Matuda 928 (Mich).
This is a rare species, with a coronal structure like that of P.
salvadorensis and with leaves suggestive of forms of P. mexicana.
Passiflora trisetosa was briefly described in the Prodromus and
later figured by A. De Candolle, and until recently I had considered
it identical with the plant described later as P. Heller: Peyr. and P.
fuscinata Mast. Sessé & Mociio 4459, in the Madrid Herbarium,
clearly is the original of the drawing of P. trisetosa and therefore the
type. The flowers have the prominent, erect, very slightly plicate
corona characteristic of P. jorullensis and not of P. Helleri, and it
appears that P. trisetosa isa synonym of P.jorullensis. De Candolle
described the flowers as apetalous and Masters therefore placed the
species in Cieca. ‘The type specimen bears small, very inconspicuous
petals, this being one of many instances of petals having been over-
looked by early authors.
48. Passiflora ornithoura Mast. Bot. Gaz. 16: 8. 1891.
Passiflora dicthophylla Mast. Bot. Gaz. 16: 8. 1891.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem flattened, striate; stipules
setaceous, 3 mm. long, deciduous; petioles 1.5 to 2.5 ecm. long, »
glandless; leaves bilobed to below middle, often nearly to base (lobes
narrowly linear to broadly ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, 0.5 to 2 cm.
wide, acute or obtuse, mucronulate), cuneate or subrotund at base,
3-nerved, membranous, above dark green with frequently a pale
streak along the midnerve, beneath paler or somewhat glaucous;
peduncles in pairs, 1 to 2 em. long, very slender; bracts setaceous,
about 1.5 mm. long; flowers about 1.5 em. wide; sepals oblong, 7 to
8 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, obtuse; petals linear, 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 143
wide, hyaline, white; corona filaments in a single series, linear-
clavate, barely 2 mm. long; operculum membranous, 1.5 mm. high,
closely plicate, fimbrillate, incurved; limen annular, fleshy; ovary
globose; fruit globose, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, purple; seeds strongly
flattened, broadly ovate, about 2 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, transversely
suleate with about 6 conspicuously rugulose ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Duefias, Department of Zacatepéquez, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of western Central America, from
Guatemala to Costa Rica, between 1,300 and 1,900 meters altitude.
GUATEMALA: Rio Ojas, Lehmann XVIII (Bo).—Sacatepéquez:
Duefias, J. D. Smith 2186 (B, Bo, Gen, G, K, type, N, P), 2143
(B, Bo, G, K, type of P. dicthophylla, N, P, Ph, Y). Capetillo,
J. D. Smith 2492 (F, G, K, N, Ph). Acatepeque, Heyde & Lux 4481
(G, N).—Solola: San Lucas, Kellerman 5830 (N).
SALVADOR: Calderén 2317 (N). Sierra de Apaneca, Ahuachapan,
Standley 20138 (N, Y); Padilla 164 (N), 165 (N), 477 (N).
Costa Rica: Endres 70 (BM, K); Hoffmann 458 (B). Aserri,
San José, Standley 34146 (N).
The leaf lobes of this species vary greatly in length, breadth, and
degree of divergence, some of the forms resembling P. mexicana,
P. jorullensis, P. salvadorensis, and P. apetala. It should be noted
that these five species all have very similar leaves, and usually can
be distinguished only by the flowers.
LOCAL NAME: “‘Calzoncillo.”’
49. Passiflora Dictamo DC. Prodr. 3: 324. 1828.
Cieca Dictamo M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 146. 1846.
Stem slender, subangulate, sulcate, minutely pubescent, especially
toward the end of the branches; stipules linear-faleate, 2 mm. long,
deciduous; petioles slender, 5 to 8 mm. long, glandless; leaves bilobate
(or rarely with an obsolescent truncate lobe in the sinus; lobes
rounded or acutish, emarginate or apiculate, the distance from the
base of the blade to the apex of the lobes ranging from 1 to 4 cm.,
from the base of the blade to the sinus 0.8 to 2 cm.), rounded or
subemarginate at base, strongly 3-nerved, without ocellae beneath,
membranous or subcoriaceous, glabrous throughout or sparsely
pubescent on the upper surface of nerves; peduncles in pairs, filiform,
about 1 cm. long, articulate 1 mm. below the apex, bearing a single
setaceous, deciduous bract at the point of articulation and a minute,
3-toothed bract near the middle; flowers 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, yellowish
144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
green(?); sepals oblong, 3 mm. wide, strongly 3-nerved, glabrous;
petals glabrous, hyaline, shorter than the sepals; corona filaments
in a single series, filiform-clavate, about 3 mm. long; operculum
membranous, plicate; limen annular; ovary globose, glabrous; fruit
about 1 cm. in diameter.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico (based upon a Sessé and Mocifio
drawing).
ILLUSTRATION: A. DC. Dess. Fl. Mex. 1: pl. 28.
DISTRIBUTION: Central Mexico.
MExIco: Puebla: Cerro de Mazize, Purpus in 1907 (Cal). Tultit-
lanapa, Purpus 3546 (Cal).
I am referring these specimens to P. Dictamo with much hesita-
tion, for that species may be only a synonym of P. biflora. It was
briefly described in the Prodromus, and was placed in the apetalous
section; nor are petals shown in the illustration later published by
A. De Candolle. However, as indicated elsewhere, inconspicuous
petals were frequently overlooked, and perhaps they were in this
case. The petals of these two Purpus specimens are much less
conspicuous than those of P. biflora.
LOCAL NAME: “‘Dictamo.”’
50. Passiflora Helleri Peyr. Linnaea 30: 54. 1859.
Passiflora fuscinata Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 551. 1872.
Stem subangular, deeply grooved, glabrate or finely pubescent;
stipules linear-subulate, about 3 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide; petioles
2 to 8 cm. long, glandless; leaves ovate-oblong or orbicular in general
outline, 3.5 to 8 em. long, 3 to 7 em. wide, 3-lobed at apex (lobes
acute or obtuse, mucronulate, the middle lobe usually the largest),
rounded or subcuneate at base, 3-nerved, reticulate-veined, ocellate
beneath, subcoriaceous, glabrate, or minutely puberulent on the
nerves beneath; peduncles 2 to 3.5 cm. long, articulate just below
flower base; bracts setaceous, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long, deciduous; flowers
3 to 4 em. wide; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 1.3 to 1.5 em. long, about
0.6 em. wide, obtuse, green without, greenish white within; petals
narrowly oblong, about 1 cm. long, 0.4 cm. wide, white, pink-tinged;
corona filaments 40 to 45, in a single series, 5 to 7 mm. long, dilated
and slightly geniculate on the inner margin just above middle, green
and purple-dotted at margin without, purple at margin within;
operculum membranous, plicate, white, the margin strongly incurved, '
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 145
minutely serrulate or fimbrillate; limen annular; ovary ovoid,
minutely pilosulous; fruit globose, glabrate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mirador, State of Veracruz, Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Veracruz, Mexico and northern Guatemala,
between 1,200 and 1,500 meters altitude.
Mexico: Veracruz: Mirador, Liebmann 4098, Passiflora No. 19
(N, type collection of P. fuscinata); C. Heller 160 (P, V, type);
Purpus 13064 (F, Mich). Zacuapan, Purpus 3765 (Cal), 10670
(BM, N), 11094 (Mich, N, V); without number, grown at Washing-
ton, D.C. (N, 8).
GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Coban, Tiirckheim II.1618 (N).
Pansamala, Tiirckheim 875 (N).—Baja Verapaz: Purula, Tiirckheim
IT.1724 (N).
In my report on the Passifloraceae of the Mayan region (Carnegie
Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 310. 1936) I wrongly associated this species
with P. trisetosa DC., briefly described in the Prodromus and later
figured by A. De Candolle. Having subsequently seen a Sessé and
Mocifio specimen that clearly is the original of the drawing, I realize
that P. trisetosa is in reality the same as P. jorullensis HBK.
The detailed description of the flower is based upon living ma-
terial in the United States Department of Agriculture, grown from
seeds sent by Dr. C. A. Purpus.
51. Passiflora stenosepala Killip, nom. nov.
Passiflora Swartzii Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 556. 1872,
as to description only.
Plant glabrous throughout except ovary; stipules setaceous, 2
to 3 mm. long, soon deciduous; petioles 2 to 5.5 cm. long, slender,
glandless; leaves transversely ovate, 3 to 5 cm. along midnerve, 3.5
to 6 em. along lateral nerves, 5 to 8 cm. at greatest width, truncate
and shallowly 3-lobed at upper margin (lobes usually mucronulate),
rounded or truncate at base, ocellate, membranous, pale beneath;
peduncles solitary or in pairs, up to 3 cm. long, slender, articulate
just below apex; bracts setaceous, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, borne on upper
third of peduncle; flowers up to 7 cm. wide; sepals linear, 2.5 to 3
cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse; petals linear, 1.5 to 2 cm. long,
obtuse, yellowish white; corona filaments in a single series, sub-
dolabriform, about 5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, yellowish green at
apex, purplish otherwise; operculum plicate, minutely denticulate;
146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
limen annular, 1 mm. high; gynophore slender, nearly 2 cm. long;
ovary ovoid, cano-villosulous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Dominica.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the island of Dominica.
Dominica: Imray 270 (B, K, type); Nichols 42 (K).
As already pointed out in connection with P. penduliflora, the
plant described by Swartz as “P. rotundifolia L.”’ belongs to that
species. De Candolle’s name, P. rotundifolia var. Swartzii, and
Roemer’s Decaloba Swartz, both of which were based solely on
Swartz’s description without additional material being at hand, are
likewise synonyms of P. penduliflora. Masters, in transferring the
specific name from Decaloba to Passiflora, wrongly associated with it
Imray 270, and the description which he formulated of P. Swartzii
was based solely on this Imray specimen. Under the rules of nomen-
clature, the name P. Swartzii becomes also a synonym of P. penduli-
flora, so that a new name is necessary for this plant.
Although the leaves of P. stenosepala are very similar to those of
P. Andersonii and forms of P. Pohlii, its relationship is clearly with
P. organensis, both having a single series of broad corona filaments
and a pubescent ovary. From P. organensis the present species is
readily distinguished by the larger flowers with very narrow sepals
and petals, the long, slender gynophore, and the shape of the leaves.
52. Passiflora organensis Gardn. London Journ. Bot. 4: 104. 1845.
(?)Passiflora rubra Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: pl. 77. 1827, figure only.
Not P. rubra L.
(?)Passiflora pertusa Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: pl. 79. 1827, figure only.
Passiflora porophylla Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: pl. 82. 1827, figure only.
Cieca porophylla M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 147. 1846.
Decaloba rufa M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 159. 1846.
Decaloba organensis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 160. 1846.
Passiflora organensis var. marmorata Mast. Gard. Chron. 1869:
1158. 1869.
Passiflora maculifolia Mast. Gard. Chron. III. 32: 334. 1902.
Plant essentially glabrous throughout; stem subangular, com-
pressed ; stipules linear-subulate, 2 to 3 mm. long, subfalcate; petioles
1.5 to 3 cm. long, slender, glandless; leaves bilobed (rarely trilobed;
lobation variable, the proportion between midnerve and lateral
nerves ranging from 4.5:6 to 2:10, the lobes broadly ovate to lanceo-
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 147
late, 1.5 to 3 em. wide, obtuse or acute, mucronulate, the sinus
wanting or lunate), rounded at base, 3—5-nerved (often white-
fasciate along nerves above), often glaucescent or reddish beneath,
membranous or subcoriaceous; peduncles in pairs, up to 4 em. long;
bracts setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long, borne near middle of peduncle;
flowers up to 5 em. wide; calyx broadly patelliform, 1 to 1.5 em.
wide; sepals oblong-lanceolate, about 1.5 cm. long and 5 mm. wide,
obtuse, reflexed, cream-colored to dull purple; petals ovate-lanceo-
late, about half as long as sepals; corona filaments in a single series,
strongly dolabriform, about 5 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, deep
purple; operculum closely plicate, incurved, about 4 mm. high, pale
at base, pink at margin; limen a low ridge midway between operculum
and gynophore; gynophore 5 to 7 mm. long; ovary obovoid, glabrous
or pubescent; fruit globose, 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter; seeds ovate,
about 4.5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, transversely 7—9-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Organ Mountains, Brazil.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: pl. 111; Vell. Fl. Flumin.
9: pl. 77(?), 79(?), 82; Gard. Chron. III. 32: 334. 1902.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Brazil, from Minas Geraes to Parana;
low mountains, up to 1,000 meters altitude.
BRITISH GUIANA: Botanic Gardens, cultivated, Jenman 4221 (BG).
BRAZIL: Blanchet 156 (BM, Gen); Glaziow 12472 (Cop).—Minas
Geraes: Ule 2568 (N). Serra de Caldas, Regnell III.638 (S), 4501
(S). Serra do Cipé, Chase 9201 (N). Vigosa, Chase 9451 (N), 9461
(N).—Espiritu Santo: Serra de Santa Barbara de Caparoa, Mexia
(Cal).—Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Guillemin 629 (Gen); De
Moura 506 (B); Déllinger (B); Kuhlmann 15792 (S, Ut). Pedra da
Gavea, L. B. Smith 2170 (G). Organ Mountains, Gardner 428 (type;
BM, K); Miers (BM, type of P. organensis var. marmorensis), 3471
(K); Sello 2127 (B). Patmeiras, Ule 4987 (B). Cantagallo, Peckolt
212 (V).—Si&o Paulo: Gaudichaud 990 (P); Brade 7393 (B). Encontro,
Brade 5526 (S). Cidade Jardim, L. B. Smith & Kuhlmann (Smith
1805; N). Santos, Lindberg 360 (Brux).—Parana: Serrinha, Dusén
3772 (N, S). Volta Grande, Dusén 9899 (S). Jaguariahyva, Dusén
in 1911 (S). Alexandra, Dusén 11472 (Gen, S). Serra do Mar,
Dusén 14392 (G).
Considerable variation in leaf shape is noted in the specimens
here cited. The ovary is glabrous in most of the specimens, but in a
few it is pubescent. The leaves are minutely pilosulous in Ule 2568
and Glaziou 18254. The flowers range from cream-colored to dull
148 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
purple. However, there does not appear to be any correlation of
these differences. Passiflora maculifolia is doubtless one of these
forms of P. organensis. The illustration of P. organensis in the Flora
Brasitliensis and that of P. maculifolia in the Gardener’s Chronicle
are remarkably similar; both show broad, hatchet-shaped corona
filaments and recurved petals. Leaves obtained from what is said
to be the type specimen of P. maculifolia, growing at Kew, almost
exactly match Dusén 14392. Passiflora maculifolia is stated to have
been “introduced from Venezuela with Cattleya Mossiae.”’ No
Venezuelan specimens of this relationship have been examined, and
records of this nature are always open to question.
Passiflora organensis is readily recognized by the single row of
deep violet or purple, hatchet-shaped corona filaments. The foliage
is easily confused with that of P. punctata or P. Pohlii.
Series 7. Miserae
58. Passiflora leptoclada Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:
979. 1926.
Plant glabrous throughout except ovary; stem slender, striate;
stipules linear-setaceous, about 2 mm. long; petioles 1 to 2.5 em. long,
glandless; leaves transversely elliptic or transversely oblong in
general outline, truncate or shortly 3-lobed at apex, 1.5 to 4 cm. along
midnerve, 2.5 to 4 ecm. along lateral nerves, 4 to 7 em. wide (lobes
rounded or obtuse, mucronulate, the middle lobe up to 1 em. long or
almost wanting), subtruncate, cordulate, or rounded at base, ocellate,
membranous; peduncles in pairs, 2 to 3 cm. long; bracts subulate,
1 to 1.5 mm. long; flowers up to 3 cm. wide; sepals narrowly oblong,
1 to 1.2 em. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, obtuse; petals similar to sepals,
about 7 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; corona filaments in 2 series,
the outer filiform, subequal to the sepals, the inner linear, 3 to 4 mm.
long, broadly capitate and emarginate; operculum membranous,
closely plicate, denticulate; limen annular; ovary ovoid, densely
cano-tomentulous; fruit globose, about 1.5 cm. in diameter, pilosu-
lous; seeds transversely sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: San Isidro, Loreto, Peru.
DISTRIBUTION: Amazon basin of northern Peru.
PERU: Loreto: San Isidro, Tessmann 4969 (B, type). Soledad,
Killip & Smith 29775 (N). Mishuyacu, Killip & Smith 29989
(N, Y). La Victoria, L. Williams 2737 (F, N). Puerto Arturo,
L. Williams 5252 (F).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 149
This species is perhaps only another variant of P. misera, for
the flower structure is almost identical and in shape the leaves closely
approximate forms of P. misera. However, the ovary is very densely
pubescent, and as this character usually serves to distinguish species
of Plectostemma, I am maintaining P. leptoclada as a full species.
In the type and the Killip and Smith specimens the middle lobe is
developed; in Williams 5252 it is almost absent.
54. Passiflora misera HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 186. 1817.
Passiflora Maximiliana Bory, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: 149.
pl. 24. 1819.
Passiflora vespertilio Ker, Bot. Reg. 7: pl. 597. 1821. Not P.
vespertilio L.
Passiflora discolor Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Select. 18: pl. 5. 1828.
Passiflora retusa Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 325. 1833.
Cieca discolor M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 140. 1846.
Cieca misera M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 140. 1846.
Passiflora microcarpa Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 556, 598.
1872.
Passiflora Maximiliana var. acutiloba Chod. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7,
App. 1: 74. 1899.
Passiflora Maximiliana var. retusa Chod. & Hassl. Bull. Herb.
Boiss. II. 4: 62. 1903.
Passiflora Maximiliana var. expansa Chod. & Hassl. Bull. Herb.
Boiss. II. 4: 62. 1908.
Passiflora laticaulis Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 110. 1924.
Passiflora translinearis Rusby, Ann. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 309.
1927, as to foliage.
Passiflora longilobis Hoehne, Linh. Telegr. Matto Grosso Annex.
5: Bot. pt. 1: 71. pl. 68. 1910.
Stem angulate or strongly compressed, striate, glabrous or finely
puberulous, sometimes scabrid; stipules setaceous to narrowly linear,
2 to 3.5 mm. long, falcate; petioles 1 to 3.5 cm. long, glandless, gla-
brous or finely puberulous; leaves 2-lobed (lobes widely divergent,
sometimes to an angle of nearly 90 degrees from the midnerve, the
leaves thus being almost transversely oblong or transversely linear-
oblong, the lobes rounded at apex, rarely acutish, sometimes retuse,
occasionally a small intermediate lobe present), 0.5 to 2.5 em. long
(midnerve), 4 to 138 cm. wide (between apices of lateral lobes),
150 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
cordulate or subtruncate at base, 3-nerved (a pair of rather promi-
nent secondary nerves just below upper margin), inconspicuously
reticulate-veined, membranous, ocellate beneath, glabrous or mi-
nutely pilosulous; peduncles solitary, rarely in pairs, slender, 1.5 to
10 em. long; bracts setaceous, 3 to 5 mm. long, borne near apex of
peduncle; flowers 2.5 to 4 cm. wide; sepals lance-oblong to linear-
oblong, 10 to 18 mm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse, green and
usually puberulous without, white within; petals linear-oblong, 8 to
13 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse, white; corona filaments in 2
series, the outer filiform, 10 to 15 mm. long, attenuate at apex,
purplish (or white?), the inner linear, 3 to 4 mm. long, about 0.8
mm. wide, broadly capitate and often slightly emarginate; opercu-
lum membranous, closely plicate, incurved, minutely fimbrillate at
margin; limen annular; ovary ovoid, glabrous; fruit globose, rarely
ovoid, 5 to 13 mm. in diameter; seeds narrowly ovate, about 3.5 mm.
long and 2 mm. wide, transversely sulcate, the ridges about 10.
TYPE LOCALITY: Between Turbaco and Cartagena, Colombia.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Select. pl. 5; Bot. Reg. 7:
pl. 597; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: pl. 24; Lodd. Bot. Cab. 6:
pl. 565; Illust. Hort. 16: 2; Linh. Telegr. Matto Grosso Annex. 5:
Bot. pt. 1: pl. 63. 1910.
DISTRIBUTION: Panama; northern and eastern South America to
northern Argentina; at low elevations.
PANAMA: Hayes 356 (BM, K). Bailemona, Stevens 687 (N).—
Canal Zone: Monte Lirio, Killip 12187 (N); Maxon 6841 (N). Trini-
dad River, Pittier 3998 (N). Mindi, Cowell 169 (N, Y). Barro
Colorado Island, Kenoyer 456 (N); Batley & Batley 258 (N); Chicker-
ang 52 (Mich).
SURINAM: Tulleken 256 (Leid). Corantijne, Stahel & Gonggrijp
412 (Ut).
BRITISH GUIANA: Schomburgk 818 (B, Bo, K, N, Ut). Rapanuni
River, Jenman 5539 (K). British Guiana Herb. 136 (BG).
VENEZUELA: Federal District: Silla de Caracas, Ernst in 1880
(S).—Trujillo: La Ceiba, Pitiver 10871 (G, N).
COLOMBIA: Magdalena Valley, Dawe 954 (K).—Magdalena:
Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1591 (A, B, Brux, CM, F, G, Gen, K,
Ma, N, Ph, 8S, Ut, Y); Pérez 4924 (HNC).—Bolivar: Turbaco,
Humboldt & Bonpland (BW, P, type).—Cundinamarca: Susumuco,
1,200 meters, Pennell 1723 (Y, type of P. laticaulis).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 151
BOoLIvIA: Beni: Lake Rogagua, 300 meters, Rusby (Mulford Biol.
Expl. 1619, in part; Y, type of P. translinearis).—El Chaco: Rio
Pileomayo, Fries 1621 (S).
BRAZIL: Sello 337 (B), 668 (B), 2480 (B, type of P. microcarpa),
2488 (B).—Amazonas: Rio Branco, Ule 7853 (B, Go, K, N). Ega,
Poeppig 2618 (V). Gapo, Spruce 1629 (K).—Para: Tapana, Killip
& Smith 30360 (N). Boa Vista, Dahlgren & Sella 62 (N). Mexiana
Santa Maria, Guedes 2428 (Go).—Ceara: Gardner 818 (Gen). Campo
Grande, Lifgren 285 (S).—Pernambuco: Tapera, Pickel 2544 (N).—
Minas Geraes: Lagoa Santa, Warming 1158 (Cop). Serra da Manti-
queira, Glaziou 10871a (P).—Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou
12742 (B, Gen, P). Cabo Frio, Ule 4733 (B).—Matto Grosso: Santa
Anna de Chapada, Sladen 428 (BM). Porto Esperanza, Rio Para-
guay, Chase 11092 (N). Cuyaba, Malme in 1902 (S), in 1908 (S).
Corumba, Robert 782 (K).—Sa&o Paulo: Puiggari in 1885 (P); Per-
donnet 262 (Bo), 263 (Bo); Burchell 2457 (K). Agua Branca, Brade
73895 (B). Sorocaba, Léfgren 277 (Cop, N).—Parand: Tarma,
Dusén 1171a (G), in 1904 (N). Serrinha, Dusén 3085 (N, 8), 7357
(BM, Gen, K, N, Ph, S).—Rio Grande do Sul: Thering 82 (B).
Navegantes, Reineck & Czermak 60 (B, Bo, Go, P, S, V). Porto
Alegre, Czermak 153 (Gen, K); Malme 546 (S). Cachoeira, Malme
494 (S). Excolonia, Schwarzer in 1900 (S); Lindman A1139 (S).
Santo Angelo, Lindman 1139 (N).
PARAGUAY: Igueri, Hassler 1418 (BM, Bo, K). Piragu, Balansa
2205 (Bo, Gen, K). Olympia, Anisits 2081 (S). Villa Rica, Jérgensen
3788 (N). Estancia Armonia, Anisits 1863 (S). San Bernardino,
Ostén 8923 (S); Hassler 3512 (B, Bo, Gen, K, P, V). Cerros de
Tobaty, Hassler 6413 (B, BM, Bo, type of P. Maximiliana var.
retusa, Gen, K, P, V). Cordillera de Altos, Hassler 12373 (B, BM,
Cop, G, Gen, K, N), 12607 (B, BM, Cop, G, Gen, K, N); Fiebrig
426b (B), 608 (B, F, Gen, K). Concepcién, Hassler 7333 (A, B, BM,
Bo, type of P. Maximiliana var. expansa, Gen, K, P, V). Gran
Chaco, Hassler 2927 (B, BM, G, Gen, K, P, V). Caraguatay,
Hassler 1418a (Bo, type of P. Mazimiliana var. acutiloba). Pil-
comayo, Rojas 107 (B); Morong 896 (Y), 1032 (BM, CM, F, G, K,
N, Y). Tobaty, Archer 4850 (N).
ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Bonpland (P).—Formosa: Jérgensen 2618
(G, N).—Chaco: Fontana, Meyer 160 (N).—Misiones: La Granja,
Ekman 1513 (S). Posadas, Vattuone & Bianchi 87 (N).—Entre Rios:
Parana Delta, Cabrera 254a (F, N).—Buenos Aires: Tweedie 179
(BM).
152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Nearly all the material here cited has been distributed as P. Mazi-
miliana or P. microcarpa, the name P. misera having been overlooked
or the identity of that species not having been well established.
The type specimen of P. misera in the Humboldt Herbarium is
in a fine state of preservation, and there is little doubt that the plant
of Panama and northwestern South America is identical with it.
Farther to the east and south in South America the plants usually
have shorter peduncles and the venation of the leaves is more promi-
nent, but some material from southern Brazil (Malme 494, Lindman
A1139) has peduncles fully as long as those of typical P. misera of
Colombia, and a similar obscure venation. Throughout the range,
the shape of the leaves shows about the same variation. Flowers of the
specimens examined are uniform, characterized by broadly capitate
inner filaments of the corona. This species is thus distinguished from
P. biflora and P. vespertilio, forms of which resemble it in leaf shape.
It is difficult to understand the reason for the continued main-
tenance of P. microcarpa as distinct from ““P. Maximiliana,”’ both
names being used by recent students of the genus in revising her-
barium material, apparently without much discrimination. When
developed, the fruit varies from 5 to 138 mm. in diameter, not an
important difference within a species of Passzflora.
Passiflora laticaulis appears to be an aberrant form with ab-
normally developed stems. The type sheet of P. translinearis con-
sists of a mounted specimen with a single attached flower in bud,
its peduncle being much elongate and bearing two setaceous bracts,
all representing a plant certainly referable to P. misera, although
the leaf lobes are rather narrower than usual. In a pocket are two
detached flowers and a bract that clearly belong toa plant of P. quad-
riglandulosa, a species of the subgenus Distephana, remote from
Plectostemma. These detached parts and the mounted stems and
leaves form the basis of the description of P. translinearis, the single
attached bud and adjacent bracts having been overlooked. Though
this confusion may have occurred after collecting, the error might
happen in collecting vines in the tropics, where often two species of a
genus are intertwined and parts of each taken for a single plant.
The foliage of P. longilobis is like that of P. translinearis.
LOCAL NAMES: ‘‘Noenonjinopo,” “sjimio” (Surinam).
55. Passiflora amalocarpa Barb. Rodr. Vellosia 1: 25. 1891; 3,
pt. 1: pl. 12. 1891.
Passiflora cabedelensis Barb. Rodr. Vellosia 1: 30. 1891; 3, pt. 2:
pl. 13c. 1891.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 153
Plant glabrous throughout; stem subangular, compressed, striate,
slightly scabrid at angles; stipules narrowly linear, 2 to 3 mm. long,
subfalcate; petioles 1 to 2.5 cm. long, glandless; leaves transversely
oblong or transversely linear-oblong in general outline, 3-lobed or
occasionally truncate at upper margin, 1 to 4 cm. along midnerve,
3.5 to 6.5 cm. along lateral nerves, 7 to 12 cm. between apices
of lateral lobes (middle lobe usually well developed, 1 to 3 cm.
wide, truncate or rounded, the lateral lobes obtuse or rounded),
cordulate at base, membranous, ocellate; peduncles solitary, up to
5 em. long; bracts linear-setaceous, about 2 mm. long, borne near
apex of peduncle; flowers 3.5 to 4 cm. wide; sepals linear-lanceolate,
about 1.5 cm. long and 4 mm. wide at base, obtuse; petals linear,
5 to 7 mm. long and 1 mm. wide; corona filaments in 2 series, the
outer filiform, subequal to petals, the inner narrowly linear, 2 to
3 mm. long, capitate and emarginate; operculum membranous,
closely plicate, minutely fimbrillate; limen annular; ovary fusiform;
fruit fusiform, 3.5 to 4 em. long, 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter; seeds
transversely sulcate with about 7 ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Manaos, State of Amazonas, Brazil (type
collected by Barbosa Rodriguez).
ILLUSTRATIONS: Vellosia 3, pt. 1: pl. 12; 3, pt. 2: pl. 13c.
DISTRIBUTION: Amazonian Brazil and Peru.
PERU: Loreto: Lower Rio Nanay, L. Williams 526 (F, N).
In leaf shape and coronal structure this species rather closely
resembles P. misera and perhaps should be treated as a variant of
that. The fruit, however, is fusiform, much like that of P. tenella,
which has a dissimilar flower structure.
56. Passiflora tricuspis Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 587.
1872.
Passiflora tricuspis var. minor 8. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soe. II.
4: 365. 1895.
Passiflora tricuspis var. brevifolia Chod. & Hassl. Bull. Herb.
Boiss. II. 4: 61. 1904.
Stem angulate, often flexuous, compressed, glabrous, longi-
tudinally suleate, the ridges strongly scabrellous; stipules setaceous,
2 to 4 mm. long, at length deciduous; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm. long,
glandless, finely pilosulous or nearly glabrous; leaves variable (1)
deeply bilobed, the lobes divaricate, the sinus lunate, bearing a
cusp at the end of the midnerve or with an obsolete intermediate
154 FreELD MusEuM oF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
lobe, 1.5 to 4 em. along midnerve, 3 to 6 cm. along lateral nerves,
5 to 10 em. wide between apices of lobes, or (2) 3-lobed from a third
to two-thirds the length of the blade, the lobes subequal or usually
the middle lobe the longer, the lateral lobes ascending, 5 to 18 cm.
along midnerve, 4.5 to 11 cm. along lateral nerves, 3 to 7 cm. wide
below lobation (lobes lanceolate to linear-oblong, 1 to 2.5 em. wide,
obtuse or acuminate, mucronulate), rounded or emarginate at base,
entire, 3-nerved, reticulate-veined, subcoriaceous or coriaceous, gla-
brous or minutely puberulous, sublustrous or dull above, finely
pilosulous beneath; peduncles 2 to 3 cm. long, articulate near apex;
bracts setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long, deciduous; flowers 3 to 4.5 cm.
wide; calyx broadly patelliform about 1.2 cm. wide; sepals lance-
oblong, 4 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse, white; petals oblong, scarcely half
as long as sepals, white; corona filaments yellowish, in 2 series, the
outer narrowly liguliform, about 1.5 cm. long, 1-nerved, the inner
narrowly linear, 2 to 2.5 mm. long, capitate; operculum borne
close to corona, membranous, plicate, about 2 mm. high, undulate
and minutely fimbrillate at margin; limen a narrow ring borne about
halfway between operculum and base of gynophore; ovary sub-
globose, glabrous; fruit globose, about 1.5 cm. in diameter, glabrous;
seeds ovate, about 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, transversely 7-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Serra de Araripe, Piauhy, Brazil.
DISTRIBUTION: Amazonian basin of Peru and Bolivia to eastern
Brazil and Paraguay, between 500 and 1,100 meters altitude.
PERU: Loreto: Rio Ucayali, Tessmann 3194 (B).—Junin: La
Merced, Killip & Smith 23474 (N); Macbride 5436 (F, N).
BOLIVIA: Challana, Troll 2238 (B).—Beni: Reyes, Cardenas
(Mulford Biol. Expl. 13859; N, Y). Rio Ivén, White (Mulford Biol.
Expl. 2371; Y).—La Paz: Mapiri, Rusby 496 (Y), 828a (Y);G. H. H.
Tate 495 (Y); Buchtien 1675 (N); R. S. Wiliams 789 (BM, N, Y).
Coroico, Buchtien. 6003 (N).—Cochabamba: Incacorral, Steinbach
9692 (B).—Santa Cruz: Misiones Guarayos, Werdermann 2616 (B).
Buenavista, Steinbach 2206 (B).
BRAZIL: “Brazil Occid.,”’ Tamberlik (V).—Amazonas: Ule 5831
(B).—Pard: Guaramiranga, Ducke 1343 (Go).—Piauhy: Serra de
Araripe, Gardner 1631 (K, type).—Goyaz: Burchell 6988 (K).—
Matto Grosso: Moore 579 (B, BM, Y), 793 (BM, type of P. tricuspis
var. minor). Campo Grande, Chase 10802 (N). Corumbao, Malme
2752 (S). Palmeiras, Lindman A2751 (S); Weddell 3025 (P); Hoehne
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 155
4941 (N).—Sao Paulo: Santa Anna, Brade 6094 (S). Araraquara,
Hoehne 10641 (B).
ParaGuay: Santa Maria, Anisits 2064 (S). Rio Apa, Hassler
4131 (B), 7875 (A, B, BM, Bo, Gen, K, P, V). Sierra de Amambay,
Hassler 10649 (B, BM).
The species of this immediate relationship, P. misera, P. tri-
cuspis, and P. trifasciata, are all characterized by relatively broad
inner corona filaments, which are strongly dilated at the apex and
often slightly lobed.
The structure of the flowers of all the specimens cited above is
uniform, but the shape of the leaves varies from deeply 3-lobed, with
suberect lobes, to 2-lobed, with divaricate lobes, similar to that seen
in P. misera. Numerous examples are found, however, with leaves
intermediate between the extremes, and it is impossible to recognize
more than a single species on the basis of foliage. In Hassler 7875
the lower leaves are identical with those of type material of P. tri-
cuspis, but the upper ones are very similar to those of Hoehne 4941
and to those of P. misera. This collection was cited by Chodat
as P. organensis, but the coronal structure is different. Steinbach
2206 also has both forms of leaves. This species is probably most
readily distinguished from its allies by its strongly roughened stem.
Much of the material here cited as P. tricuspis, especially that
representing the form with bilobate leaves, has been variously
determined as “P. organensis,” “‘P. punctata,” and “P. Mazximili-
ana.” Of these the first two species differ markedly in the shape of
the inner corona filaments. In P. misera (P. Maximiliana) the leaf
lobes are blunter and more widely divergent.
57. Passiflora trifasciata Lemaire, Illus. Hort. 15: pl. 544. 1868.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem angulate, striate, smooth or
sometimes asperate on the edges; stipules subulate, 2 to 4 mm. long,
subfaleate; petioles up to 5 cm. long, glandless; leaves 5 to 10 em.
along midnerve, 4 to 10 cm. along lateral nerves, 4 to 10 em. wide,
3-lobed about a third their length (lobes deltoid, 2 to 3.5 em. wide,
acute or obtusish, the lateral usually ascending), cordulate at base,
membranous, dull, above dark green, mottled with white or yellowish
green along nerves, beneath reddish or violet; peduncles up to 3 cm.
long, slender; bracts setaceous, 2 mm. long; flowers 2.5 to 3.5 em.
wide; calyx tube broadly campanulate; sepals oblong, about 15 mm.
long, 5 mm. wide, obtuse, light green; petals linear, about 10 mm.
long, 2.5 to 3 mm. wide, light green; corona filaments in 2 series, the
156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
outer terete, 8 to 10 mm. long, the inner linear-clavate, about 3 mm.
long; operculum plicate, incurved, white, pink-tinged at margin;
limen thick, lobulate; ovary subglobose, glabrous; fruit globose, 1.5
to 2.5 em. in diameter, glaucous; seeds narrowly oblong-ovoid, 4mm.
long, 2 mm. wide, transversely 6-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Peru or Brazil (type based on a cultivated
specimen).
ILLUSTRATION: Illus. Hort. 15: pl. 544.
DISTRIBUTION: Amazonian Peru; Brazil(?).
CuBA: Santa Clara: Soledad, introduced from Hope Garden,
Jamaica, Walsingham in 1936 (A).
PERU: San Martin: Lamas, 840 meters, L. Williams 6327 (F).—
Loreto: Yurimaguas, 135 meters, Killip & Smith 27819 (N), 28069
(N, Y), 28297 (F, N, Y), 28318 (F, N, Y); L. Williams 5075 (F),
5213 (F). Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28412 (F, N, Y).
BRAZIL: Schott in 1886, cultivated at Washington, D.C. (N).
The strongly mottled leaves of this species are conspicuous in the
dense forests of the upper Amazonian region. The plant is doubtless
closely related to P. tricuspis, but is readily distinguished by the
coloring, texture, and shape of the leaves.
Passiflora trifasciata has been introduced into European horti-
culture. Indeed, the species has been known only from horticultural
material until recently collected in the Huallaga Valley in northern
Peru, where it appeared to be native.
Series 8. Punctatae
58. Passiflora vespertilio L. Sp. Pl. 957. 1753.
Granadilla vespertilio Moench, Meth. Pl. Suppl. 14. 1802.
Passiflora hemicycla G. F. W. Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. 225. 1818.
Passiflora geminiflora DC. Prodr. 3: 828. 1828.
Passiflora surinamensis Miq. Linnaea 18: 363. 1844.
Decaloba vespertilio M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 155. 1846.
Decaloba surinamensis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 158. 1846.
Decaloba hemicycla M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 160. 1846.
Decaloba geminiflora M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 164. 1846.
(?) Passiflora europhylla Mast. Gard. Chron. 28: 350. 1900.
Stem angulate, compressed, striate, often flexuous, glabrous or
sparingly puberulent; stipules narrowly linear-setaceous, about 5
mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, glandless; leaves
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE . 157
2-3-lobed (lobes divaricate, acuminate, the sinus shallowly lunate
or wanting, i.e., upper margin of leaf truncate, often undulate),
variable in shape, ranging from 6.5 em. long and 9 cm. wide to 3 cm.
long and 10 cm. wide, rounded or subtruncate at base, 3-nerved,
ocellate, coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above, glabrous or slightly
puberulent beneath; peduncles solitary or in pairs, 0.5 to 1.5 cm.
long, articulate near middle; bracts setaceous, about 3 mm. long,
borne below middle of peduncle; flowers up to 5 cm. wide; sepals
broadly lance-oblong, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 7 to 8 mm. wide at base,
obtuse, subcoriaceous, yellowish green; petals oblong, 1 to 1.2 cm.
long, about 4 mm. wide at base, obtuse, membranous, yellowish
green; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer narrowly liguliform,
yellowish green, united at base into a broad, greenish white mem-
brane, the free filaments 1 to 1.5 em. long, the inner filaments capil-
lary, 3 to 4 mm. long, arising about 2 mm. from the free portion of the
outer series, greenish white; operculum membranous, closely plicate,
lobulate, white; limen annular; gynophore purple; ovary ovoid,
glabrous; fruit subglobose, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter; seeds obovate,
about 4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, transversely sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘America.”’
ILLUSTRATIONS: Amoen. Acad. 1: pl. 10, f. 11; Dillen. Hort. Elth.
pl. 187; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: pl. 22, f. 8, 9; Cav. Diss.
10: pl. 271; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 495. f. 229A.
DISTRIBUTION: Trinidad, Guianas, and lower Amazon, Brazil;
Amazonian basin of Peru and Bolivia; at low elevations.
TRINIDAD: Aripo Estate, Trinidad Herb. 2592 (N, T). Chatham,
Trinidad Herb. 8465 (T).
FRENCH GUIANA: Gabriel in 1802 (Gen). Karouay, Sagot (P, S).
SURINAM: Hering (Ph); Hostmann 1095 (BM, Gen, P, V); Host-
mann & Kappler 478a (P, S); Kappler 142 (S); Focke 535 (Ut),
1246 (Ut). Saramacca River, Pulle 497 (Ut). Lower Surinam River,
Soeprata 35F (Ut). Paramaribo, Went 568 (Ut); Wullschligel 214
(Brux); Splitgerber 603 (Leid, N, Ph, V). Upper Nickerie River,
B. W. 1036 (Ut). Gonini River, Gonggrijp 14 (Ut). Matappi,
Corantijne River, Gonggrijp 11 (Ut). Tapanahoni River, Versteeg
708 (Ut). Brownsberg, Zaandam 6893 (Ut).
BRITISH GUIANA: Schomburgk 154 (B), 664 (Gen, N, V). “Coast
lands,” Jenman 2052 (BG), 5073 (Y). Barina River, Jenman 6997
(BG); Dela Cruz 3411 (N, Y). Demerera Gardens, Jenman 4222 (N).
Rockstone, Gleason 863 (N, Y). Essequibo River, Gleason 908 (Y).
158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Tumatumari, Gleason 371 (N, Y). Mazaruni River, Graham 96
(CM). Mt. Everard, De la Cruz 1382 (F, N, Y).
PERU: Loreto: Rio Nanay, L. Williams 1201 (F). Iquitos, L.
Williams 8180 (F).
BOLIvIA: Beni: Rio Ivén, Cardenas (Mulford Biol. Expl. 2074;
N, Y).
BRAZIL: Collector not given (P, type of P. geminiflora).—Para:
Ilha do Mosqueiro, Killip & Smith 30664 (N, Y). Para, Moss 37
(N); Ducke 3314 (Go), 3859 (Go). Jububu,,Huber 2816 (Go). Ilha
do Maranhao, Ducke 528 (Go). Arumatheua, Snethlage 8199 (Go).—
Bahia: Blanchet 156 (Gen).
Passiflora vespertilio and P. urnaefolia are characterized by an
unusual structure of the outer rank of the corona. The filaments are
united at the base into a distinct membrane, upon which, at some
distance from the margin, the very slender inner filaments are borne.
The leaves of P. vespertilio are of two main forms: those with the
upper margin an almost straight line (represented by Linnaeus’
drawing in the Amoenztates) and those with the upper margin of the
lobes a curved line, meeting at the middle to form a shallow sinus
(represented by the only specimen in Linnaeus’ herbarium in 1758).
Among more recent collections the former is duplicated by Schom-
burgk 664, the latter by Moss 37.
Masters cites specimens from central Brazil as P. vespertilio, but
the occurrence of true P. vespertilio in Brazil south of the Amazon
basin and Bahia is doubtful, the specimens referred here being better
placed in P. Pohli, P. ichthyura, P. organensis, or P. tricuspis. The
leaves of each of these species are variable; on the other hand, forms
of species which are quite distinct in coronal structure have very
similar foliage.
Passiflora europhylla was described from a living plant, originat-
ing in British Guiana, of which apparently no herbarium specimen
was made. Masters’ description is indefinite in certain important
details, and the species is doubtfully included here.
The fruit of P. vespertilio is eaten in Surinam.
LOcAL NAMES: “Noenonjinopo,” ‘‘jorka markoesa,” “blaka
markoesa,”’ “anjoemara koesjilikodo” (Surinam).
59. Passiflora urnaefolia Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 42. 1896.
Stem glabrous or finely pilosulous; stipules narrowly linear, 2 to
3 mm. long, faleate; petioles slender, up to 3 cm. long, glandless;
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 159
leaves subtruncately 2-3-lobed, 2 to 8.5 em. along midnerve, 3 to 10
em. along lateral nerves, 3 to 10 cm. wide (middle lobe, if present,
reduced, the lateral lobes ascending, acute or rounded), rounded
or subtruncate at base, membranous, glabrescent above, glaucescent
and finely and sparingly pilosulous beneath; peduncles slender,
2.5 to 4 em. long; bracts setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long; sepals oblong,
about 1.5 em. long and 5 mm. wide, obtuse, light blue(?); petals
lanceolate, 8 to 10 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide; corona filaments in
2 series, the outer narrowly linear (appearing filiform when dry),
united at base into a broad membrane, the free portion 5 to 10 mm.
long, the inner filaments capillary, 1 to 2.56 mm. long, borne on the
membrane about 2 mm. from the margin; operculum close to the
preceding series, slightly plicate, erect, the margin minutely fimbril-
late; limen annular, fleshy; ovary ovoid, glabrous; fruit globose,
1.2 to 1.5 em. in diameter, glabrous or pilosulous; seeds ovoid,
transversely sulcate, the ridges 4 or 5.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mapiri, Bolivia.
DISTRIBUTION: Central Bolivia to northwestern Argentina.
BOLIvIA: La Paz: Mapiri, Bang 1517 (B, BM, Bo, F, G, Gen, K,
Minn, N, Ph, Y, type). Soraté, Mandon 610 (P).—Chuquisacda:
Fiebrig 2683 (B).
ARGENTINA: Salta: Los Bafios, Venturi 9322 (BM, N). San
Pedrito, Meyer 910 (N).—Tucuman: Quebrada de Lules, 700 meters,
Venturi 967 (G, N).
Closely related to P. vespertilio, this species differs in its much
longer peduncles, shorter outer corona filaments, and differently
shaped, thinner leaves.
60. Passiflora tuberosa Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 4: 49. pl. 496.
1804.
Passiflora punctata Lodd. Bot. Cab. 2: pl. 101. 1818. Not P.
punctata L.
Decaloba tuberosa M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 160. 1846.
Plant glabrous throughout; stipules narrowly linear, up to 5 mm.
long, faleate, coriaceous; petioles up to 2 cm. long, glandless; leaves
oblong, deeply 2-lobed, 4 to 6 cm. along midnerve, 7 to 12 cm. along
lateral nerves, 5 to 7 cm. between apices of lobes (lobes lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronulate), rounded at base, 3-nerved
(a secondary pair of nerves just below sinus), closely reticulate-
veined, subcoriaceous, sublustrous above, pale beneath; peduncles in
160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BorTAny, VOL. XIX
pairs, up to 4 em. long; bracts setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long; flowers
4.5 to 5 em. wide, white; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long,
0.6 cm. wide, obtuse; petals ovate-lanceolate, 0.6 to 1 em. long, 0.3
to 0.4 em. wide, obtuse; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer strap-
shaped, 3 to 4 mm. long, 0.8 to 1 mm. wide, slightly clavate at apex,
the inner filiform, barely 0.5 mm. long; operculum plicate; limen
none; ovary subglobose, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: West Indies.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 4: pl. 496; Bot. Cab.
2: pl. 101; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: pl. 23, f. 1; Bot. Reg. 5:
pl. 482.
DISTRIBUTION: St. Thomas, Trinidad, and northern South
America, just entering northern Brazil, near sea level.
LOCALITY UNCERTAIN: “Hort. Schon.” (V, type).
St. THOMAS: Finlay 183 (P).
TRINIDAD: Pruess 1463 (B); Trinidad Herb. 2588 (T), 2599 (T),
3851 (T), 5703 (T). Tabaquite, Broadway in 1918 (F, G, N, T, Y).
Providence, Broadway 2846 (B). Aripo, Trinidad Herb. 9808 (T).
Marabella, Trinidad Herb. 2594 (T). Fort George, Trinidad Herb.
2595 (T). Blue Basin, Trinidad Herb. 10743 (T). Tobago, Eggers
5949 (B).
BRITISH GUIANA: Appun 2080 (K). Pirara, Schomburgk 642
(5K);
VENEZUELA: Sucre: Cumana, Humboldt & Bonpland 234 (B, BW).
BRAZIL: Amazonas: Rio Branco, Ule 28 (B).
The absence of a limen is the outstanding feature of this plant,
a species of rather limited distribution, not readily confused with
others.
61. Passiflora lancearia Mast. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 23: 114.
1885.
Stem stout, striate, glabrous or the younger branches minutely
and sparingly puberulous; stipules setaceous, 1 cm. long, deciduous;
petioles strongly furrowed, glabrous, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, glandless;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 8 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, entire (or
obscurely lobed on each side about 1 cm. below the apex, the younger
leaves more deeply lobed), acuminate, tapering at base, strongly
3-nerved, bearing 4 to 8 ocellae on the lower surface, thick-coriaceous,
bright green and shining above, paler beneath, glabrous; peduncles
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 161
in pairs, 6 to 8 mm. long, glabrate or puberulous; bracts linear-
setaceous, 1.2 mm. long; flowers 3 to 4 cm. wide, the calyx densely
white-tomentose within; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1.2 to 1.5 cm. long,
7 to 10 mm. wide, obtuse, green without, white within; petals one-
third to one-half as long as the sepals, white; corona filaments in two
series, the outer filaments filiform, 4 to 5 mm. long, reflexed, the inner
barely 2 mm. long, capillary, very slightly clavate; operculum mem-
branous, closely plicate, 4 mm. high, strongly incurved over the floor
of the calyx; limen annular, fleshy, erect, 1 mm. high, its inner side
and the central portion of the floor of the calyx densely tomentose;
ovary ovoid or ellipsoid, glabrous, dull brown; fruit subglobose,
3 em. in diameter, glabrous; seeds broadly ovate, 6 mm. long, 4.8
mm. wide, flattened, transversely sulcate, with 7 or 8 ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Near La Palma and San Isidro, on the slopes of
“Tranzu” (Irazi) Volcano, Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of central Costa Rica, between 1,300
and 1,700 meters altitude.
Costa Rica: Irazi Voleano, Lehmann 1255 (Bo, type). La
Hondura, Standley 36250 (N), 36312 (N), 37742 (N), 37869 (N).
La Palma, Standley 32959 (N), 38051 (N); Tonduz 12450 (N);
Biolley 14026 (N). Peralta, Stork 476 (N). El Mufieco, Standley
51286 (N). La Estrella, Standley 39308 (N). Agua Caliente, Lan-
kester K141 (K). La Palma de San Ramon, Brenes 6778 (F).
This species differs markedly from other Central American repre-
sentatives of Decaloba. It has thick, nearly entire leaves, which are
fully twice as long as broad; the calyx is covered within by a dense,
white tomentum; and the seeds are almost twice as large as those of
other species of this group. Masters’ description of the corona fila-
ments as “‘petaloideis 1-serialibus falecato-spatulatis’’ apparently is
erroneous, for the corona is 2-ranked, the filaments of the outer rank
being filiform and those of the inner capillary-clavate.
Several of the specimens cited above have rather deeply lobed
leaves, which are broader than long. In each instance these speci-
mens are without flowers, and apparently represent a juvenile stage.
62. Passiflora magdalenae Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot.
17: 166. 1873.
Stem angulate, tortuous, glabrous, or the younger parts finely
pubescent; stipules subulate, 3 to 3.5 mm. long; petioles slender, up
to 5 em. long, glandless, glabrous or finely appressed-pubescent;
leaves triangular-obovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, 5 to 8 cm. wide, truncately
162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
3-lobed (lobes 0.8 to 1.5 cm. long, rounded or truncate, mucronulate,
subequal or the middle longer than the lateral), cuneate at base,
ocellate beneath, glabrous, membranous, usually reddish beneath;
peduncles solitary or in pairs, 2 to 3 em. long, very slender; flowers
up to 8 cm. wide, purplish white(?); sepals lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 em.
long, about 0.4 cm. wide, obtuse; petals similar to and slightly shorter
than sepals; corona filaments numerous, in 2 or 3 indefinite series,
filiform, about 8 mm. long; operculum plicate, lobulate at margin;
limen saucer-shaped, subcrenulate; ovary subglobose, tomentellous
when young, at length nearly glabrous; fruit globose, 8 to 9 mm. in
diameter, black; seeds narrowly obcordate, about 3 mm. long, 2 mm.
wide, acute at apex, transversely sulcate with about 6 grooves.
TYPE LOCALITY: Magdalena Valley, between Guaduas and Pefién
de Conejo, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia.
COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Between Guaduas and Pefién de
Conejo, Goudot in 1844 (P, type).—Tolima: Libano, 800 meters,
Pennell 3386 (G, N, Y).
The shape of the leaves of this species is unlike that of any of its
relatives, and the plant is easily recognized.
63. Passiflora panamensis Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:
259. 1922.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem angulate, grooved, flexuous;
stipules linear-falcate, 4 to 5 mm. long; petioles 1.5 to 2.5 em. long,
glandless; leaves suborbicular in general outline, 5 to 8 cm. long,
5 to 7 cm. wide, 3-lobed (lobes approximate, subequal or the middle
slightly longer, about one-third the length of blade, triangular, acute
or somewhat obtuse, mucronate), rounded or subpeltate at base,
3-nerved, subcoriaceous, ocellate beneath; peduncles 2.5 to 4 cm.
long, articulate about 6 mm. below the flower; bracts setaceous,
deciduous, 2 borne at the point of articulation, the third near the
middle of the peduncle; flowers about 3 cm. wide; sepals oblong-
lanceolate, 1.2 to 1.4 cm. long, 6 to 7 mm. wide, obtuse, yellowish
green; petals rose-colored, spatulate, 8 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide;
corona filaments in 2 series, the outer 7 mm. long, subfalcate, dilated
and 3-angled toward apex, the inner 3 mm. long, capillary, minutely
capitellate; operculum .membranous, pink, plicate, erect, crenulate;
limen annular; ovary globose, sparingly strigillose; fruit globose,
2 cm. in diameter, glabrate; seeds straw-colored, obovate, apiculate,
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 163
strongly flattened, transversely sulcate with about 6 sharp, somewhat
rugulose ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Southern Darién, Panama.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in eastern
Panama.
PANAMA: Panama: Along Sambi River, southern Darién, Pittier
5556 (F, N, type).
The shape of the leaves of P. panamensis is similar to that of
typical forms of P. tricuspis. The flowers are quite different, how-
ever, the angled filaments of the outer corona indicating probably a
closer relationship with P. biflora.
64. Passiflora cuspidifolia Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
3, pt. 6a: 72. f. 25B. 1893; Bot. Jahrb. 18: Beibl. 46: 3. 1894.
Passiflora mollis var. integrifolia Planch. ex Mast. in Mart. FI.
Bras. 18, pt. 1: 550. 1872.
Passiflora mollis var. subintegra Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V.
Bot. 17: 164. 18738.
Plant subglabrous or pilosulous; stem angular, s rsneneea
stipules subulate, 2 to 3 mm. long; petioles up to 1.5 em. long, gland-
less; leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, 7 to 15 cm. long, 3 to 7 cm. wide,
entire or obscurely lobed just below the acute or subacute apex,
rounded at base, 3-nerved, ocellate, subcoriaceous, glabrous and
lustrous above, pilosulous and dull beneath; peduncles solitary or in
pairs, slender, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long; bracts linear-subulate, 2 to 3 mm.
long, scattered, persistent; flowers about 3 cm. wide; sepals oblong,
1.5 em. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide; petals slightly smaller than sepals;
corona filaments in 2 series, the outer narrowly liguliform, very
slightly dilated above middle, narrowed at apex, about 4 mm. long,
erect, the inner filiform, about 3 mm. long; operculum plicate, dentic-
ulate; nectar ring annular; limen annular, close to preceding; ovary
subglobose, pilose; fruit globose, about 1 cm. in diameter.
TYPE LOCALITY: Between Vergara and Pacho, Cundinamarca,
Colombia.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3, pt. 6a: 72. f. 25B;
ed. 2, 21: 477. f. 218B; Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 16.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, between 1,500
and 2,500 meters altitude.
COLOMBIA: Santander: Mesa de Los Santos, Killip & Smith 15320
(N, Y). Pdaramo del Roble, Goudot 11 (K, type of P. mollis var.
164 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
-antegrifolia, P).—Boyaca: Mt. Chapon, Lawrance 87 (Gen, N, Y).—
Cundinamarca: Mutis 2272 (Ma), 4412 (Ma); Dawe 67 (K, N).
Between Vergara and Pacho, Lehmann 7629 (B, type, G, K). Tena,
Lehmann 6105 (B, K). Tenasuca, Triana 2548 (BM, type of P.
mollis var. subintegra, Gen, HNC, K, P). Fusagasugaé, Lehmann 2525
(Bo, Gen, K); Dawe 347 (K). Alban, Pérez 2574 (HNC).
Passiflora cuspidifolia, P. mollis, P. bogotensis, P. alnifolia, P.
bauhinifolia, and P. Tatei are very closely related, and the drawing of
lines of differentiation between them, and the assorting of herbarium
material among them, present much difficulty. Original descriptions
of four of the species dealt mainly with vegetative parts, and attempts
by later writers to form correct interpretations of the species through
the study of the dried flowers have not proved wholly successful.
The outer corona filaments, which doubtless constitute the true
basis of differentiation, are quite succulent, and in the process of
drying lose much of their original shape. Moreover, many of the
specimens were evidently past their prime flowering state when
collected.
In view of the complexity of these six species, it seems desirable
to discuss them at one place:
Passiflora cuspidifolia.—The outer corona filaments are much
slenderer than in P. mollis, P. alnifolia, or P. bogotensis, and, though
not long-attenuate as in P. bauhinifolia and P. Tatei, they are rather
narrower at the extremity than in the three others. A nectar ring is
present, as in P. alnifolia, but the operculum is entire at the margin.
The leaves closely approximate typical forms of P. mollis, though
the middle lobe is sharper. The indument is much scantier than in
the close relatives. This apparently is a rare species.
Passiflora mollis—The outer corona filaments have nearly
straight edges; if they are dilated at all, it is at or just above the
middle, hence they are slightly fusiform. The leaves were described
by Kunth as being 3-lobed with a prominent middle lobe and much
reduced lateral lobes, and glabrous above. The type locality is given
as “cum praecedente” (P. alnifolia), which was along the banks of
the Rio Cuello on the Quindio Trail, Colombia. I collected five
specimens along the Rio Cuello or in close vicinity to it, and these,
in general, agree with Kunth’s description and with type material
at Berlin. The leaves are all more or less pubescent above; in No.
9607 they are lunately bilobed at the apex with no vestige of an
intermediate lobe; in No. 9592 the three lobes are nearly equal.
Unfortunately, the flowers were withered, but apparently the outer
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 165
corona filaments are at the most very slightly dilated. The Salento
specimen is in fruit only and the La Cumbre one is sterile; both have
the middle leaf lobe prominent. In the Fendler specimen from
Venezuela, which bears excellent flowers, the leaves are nearly gla-
brous above and have a prominent middle lobe, and the outer corona
filaments are very slightly dilated just above the middle. Passiflora
mollis, therefore, appears to be characterized by liguliform or slightly
fusiform outer corona filaments, and by the usually 3-lobed leaves,
which have a prominent intermediate lobe..
This, also, is a rather rare species, known, however, from such
widely separated localities as the middle part of the Central Cor-
dillera of Colombia, the Santa Marta Mountains, and the north-
central part of Venezuela.
Passiflora bogotensis.—The outer corona filaments are abruptly
dilated at the apex into a flat-topped knob. The specimens cited
under this show great uniformity in indument and in the shape of
the leaves, the principal difference lying in the degree of development
of the central lobe.
This plant proved to be quite common in the portions of the
Eastern Cordillera visited by Mr. Smith and myself, and apparently
extends as far north as the Santa Marta Mountains and eastward
into east-central Venezuela. Passiflora Pala, described from the
Santa Marta Mountains, is scarcely distinct.
Passiflora alnifolia.—Like P. bogotensis the outer corona fila-
ments are abruptly dilated, but beyond this dilation they taper off
into a filiform tip. A narrow nectar ring is usually present between
the operculum and the limen. The limen is rather more prominent
than in P. mollis or P. bogotensis, and usually is denticulate.
In the type specimen at Paris the leaves are very shallowly 2- or
3-lobed or are merely undulate along the truncate upper margin, thus
closely approaching forms of P. bogotensis. Several of the specimens
here cited correspond exactly with the type in leaf shape, but many
of them have much more deeply bilobate leaves. In general, the
pubescence is much lighter than in P. mollis or P. bogotensis.
This is the common species of this relationship in the Colombian
Central Andes.
Passiflora bauhinifolia.—The outer corona filaments are slenderer
than in the above four species, are not dilated, and taper to an acute
apex. A nectar ring is present, and the operculum is usually denticu-
late, as in P. alnifolia. The leaves are very similar to those of P.
alnifolia.
166 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
It apparently is restricted to the extreme southwestern part of
Colombia, and Ecuador.
Passiflora Tatei.—This has the coronal structure of P. bauwhini-
folia, the differences between the two lying in the bracts, calyx tube,
and petals. This is known only from a single collection, from the
mountains of Bolivia.
65. Passiflora mollis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 137. 1817.
Decaloba mollis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 162. 1846.
Passiflora mollis var. obtusiloba Planch. & Linden, Ann. Sci. Nat.
V. Bot. 17: 164. 1878.
Stem angulate, flexuous, densely and softly villosulous; stipules
narrowly linear, 6 to 8 mm. long, falcate; petioles up to 1 em. long,
glandless; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 7.5 em.
wide, 3-lobed at apex (middle lobe subtriangular, rounded or acutish,
the lateral lobes usually much shorter, rounded or rarely acutish,
often obsolescent so that the leaf is subentire, rarely the lateral lobes
subequal to the middle lobe), or sometimes lunately bilobed, rounded
at base, subcoriaceous, finely pubescent or glabrescent above, densely
and softly ferruginous-villosulous-tomentose beneath; peduncles
solitary or in pairs, 5 to 10 mm. long; bracts setaceous, 2 to 3 mm.
long, purplish, soon deciduous; flowers 3 to 3.5 cm. wide; sepals
linear-oblong, 8 to 10 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, reddish without,
greenish white or yellowish within; petals linear, 4 to 5 mm. long,
1 to 1.5 mm. wide, greenish white or yellowish; corona filaments in
2 series, the outer fusiform or liguliform, about 4 mm. long, the inner
filiform, 2 to 3 mm. long, capitellate; operculum closely plicate, .
denticulate; limen annular; ovary globose, densely villous; fruit
globose, about 1 cm. in diameter, pilosulous; seeds obovate, about
3 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, transversely 5—6-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Cuello, Quindio Mountains, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Aragua, Venezuela; Central Cordillera of Co-
lombia and the Santa Marta Mountains, 1,500 to 3,200 meters
altitude.
VENEZUELA: Aragua: Colonia Tovar, Fendler 478 (Bo, Brux,
Gen, K, Mo, P).
COLOMBIA: Goajira: Taquina Arriba, 3,250 meters, Schlim 830
(Brux, type of P. mollis var. obtusiloba, Gen).—Tolima: Rio Cuello,
Humboldt & Bonpland (P, type); Killip 9725 (N), 9728 (N). San
Miguel, New Quindio trail, Killip 9743 (N). Azufral, Quindio-
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 167
trail, Killip & Hazen 9592 (N), 9607 (N). Honda, Humboldt &
Bonpland (B). Quindio trail, Goudot (P).—Caldas: Salento, Killip
10101 (N).—EI Valle: La Cumbre, Killip 5687 (B, G, N, Ph, Y).
66. Passiflora pilosissima Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21:
348. 1931.
Plant up to 10 meters long, much branched; stem subquin-
quangular, striate, the younger portions densely pilose; stipules
narrowly linear-falcate, 3 to 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, purplish,
deciduous; petioles 5 to 15 mm. long, glandless, pilose, purplish;
leaves ovate, 5 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 7 em. wide, 3-lobed at apex
(middle lobe triangular, acute or subacute, cuspidate or mucronulate,
much larger than the lateral lobes which sometimes are reduced to
mere cusps), rounded at base, entire, 3-nerved, obscurely ocellate
beneath, membranous, densely appressed-pilose on both surfaces;
peduncles in pairs; bracts narrowly linear, subverticillate or one borne
just below the 2 others, 5 to 6 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, dark purple;
flowers (in bud only in type specimen) “greenish white’; sepals
ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, fleshy; petals ovate, obtuse, thin-mem-
branous; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer linear-lanceolate,
tapering gradually from base to apex, half as long as sepals, the inner
filiform, minute; operculum closely plicate, denticulate; limen
annular, prominent; ovary globose, densely hirsute.
TYPE LOCALITY: Between San Gregorio and Narifio, Department
of Antioquia, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Colombia, between 1,500 and 2,100
meters altitude.
COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Between San Gregorio and Narifio,
Lehmann 7630 (B, G, K, N, type).—El Valle: La Cumbre, Killip
11342 (N).
The Lehmann collection was distributed as P. mollis, but the
nature of the indument is wholly unlike that of P. mollis. Although
the flowers of this specimen are in bud only, the outer corona fila-
ments are sufficiently developed to show that they are linear-lanceo-
late, tapering from the base to the apex, whereas in P. mollis they are
liguliform or slightly fusiform.
67. Passiflora bogotensis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 184. 1845.
Decaloba bogotensis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 158. 1846.
Passiflora Pala Planch. & Linden, Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17: 162.
1873.
168 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Plant ferruginous-villosulous to densely villous-tomentose; stem
angulate; stipules setaceous, 4 to 5 mm. long, deciduous; petioles
6 to 10 mm. long, glandless; leaves oblong, occasionally triangular-
ovate or almost oval, 4 to 9 em. long, 3 to 4.5 cm. wide, shallowly
2-lobed at truncate apex, occasionally with a small intermediate lobe
or subentire and undulate at apex (lobes not more than 1.5 cm. long,
obtuse or rounded, often emarginate), rounded or cordulate at base,
conspicuously 3-nerved (nerves subparallel, impressed above),
subcoriaceous, villosulous-tomentose or nearly glabrous, dull or
lustrous above, ferruginous-hirsutulous-tomentose beneath, espe-
cially on nerves; peduncles solitary or in pairs, up to 3 cm. long;
bracts setaceous, 3 to 5 mm. long, purplish; flowers up to 4 cm. wide;
sepals narrowly lance-oblong, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, about 5 mm. wide at
base, obtuse, green or purplish without, white within, sparsely
pilosulous or hirsute without; petals linear-oblong, 0.6 to 0.8 em.
long, obtuse, white; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer filaments
narrowly liguliform, 4 to 5 mm. long, subangular, dilated into a
capitate apex, yellow-green, purple-banded, the inner filaments
filiform, 2 to 3 mm. long, subcapitate, grass-green; operculum strongly
plicate, minutely denticulate, grass-green; nectar ring none; limen
annular, green; ovary globose, densely white-pilose; fruit globose,
1 to 1.5 em. in diameter; seeds ovate or cuneate-obovate, about
3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, transversely 6-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Between Bogota and Zipaquird, Colombia.
ILLUSTRATION: Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 23.
DISTRIBUTION: Santa Marta Mountains and Eastern Cordillera
of Colombia, 2,000 to 3,000 meters altitude; mountains of north-
eastern Venezuela(?).
VENEZUELA: Monagas: Cerro de Turumiquire, G. H. H. Tate
187 (N).
COLOMBIA: Triana 527 (N).—Goajira: Santa Marta Mountains,
Linden 1661 (BM, Gen, P, type of P. Pala).—Magdalena: Santa
Marta Mountains, Simmons 8 (BM).—Santander: Las Vegas,
Killip & Smith 15506 (A, G, N, Y), 16111 (A, G, N, Y). Surata,
Killip & Smith 16607 (A, G, N, Y). La Baja, Killip & Smith 17196
(A, G, N, Y), 18146 (G, N, Y). Between California and Vetas,
Killip & Smith 18000 (A, G, N, Y). Charta, Killip & Smith 19234
(A, G, N, Y), 19243 (A, G, N, Y).—Boyaca: Monifuira, Dawe in
1919 (K).—Cundinamarca: Between Bogota and Zipaquira, Hartweg
1021 (K, type). Zipaquira, Lehmann 7628 (B, G, K, N, S); Pennell
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 169
2562 (G, N, Y). Chuquinquird, Apollinaire Marie (G). Ubaté,
Goudot in 1844 (Bo, K, P). Tequendama Falls, Lehmann 2538
(B, Bo, G, K, N). Quetamé, André 1011, in part (K). Caijica,
Ariste Joseph A511 (N). Subachoqué, Ariste Joseph B38 (N).
Bogota, Ariste Joseph B110 (N); Schultze 56 (B), 225 (B). Ufie,
Dawe 353 (K, N); Apollinaire Marie in 1925 (Bog, N). Fusagasuga,
Dawe in 1919 (K). Suba, Instituto de La Salle (Bog). Guasca,
Pérez 1149 (N); Ariste Joseph 908 (Bog). Serrezuelita, Tracey
439 (K).
The extension of range of this species to northeastern Venezuela
is based upon Tate 137 from the Cerro de Turumiquire. This speci-
men is in young bud only, the corona filaments not being developed
sufficiently for its positive identification. In shape of the leaves
and bracts and in indument the plant is identical with typical
P. bogotensis.
Passiflora Pala appears to be indistinguishable from P. bogo-
tensis. Masters referred to it a number of André specimens from
western Colombia and one from Ecuador, but all of them represent
P. alnifolia or P. bauhinifolia.
68. Passiflora alnifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 136. 1817.
Decaloba alnifolia M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 158. 1846.
Stem stout, subtriangular, glabrescent to densely pubescent;
stipules linear-falcate, up to 7 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.8 mm. wide, acumi-
nate; petioles up to 3 cm. long; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 6 to 10
cm. long, 4 to 7 cm. wide (lower leaves up to 15 em. long and 12 cm.
wide), 2-lobed at apex (intermediate lobe often present; lobes acute
or occasionally rounded, mucronate), broadly truncate at base,
subcoriaceous, glabrescent or finely puberulent above, sparsely
pubescent to subtomentose beneath ; peduncles up to 6 cm. long; bracts
borne near apex of peduncle, setaceous to narrowly oblanceolate,
up to 1 cm. long and 0.9 mm. wide; flowers up to 5 cm. wide; sepals
ovate-lanceolate, up to 2 cm. long, 1 cm. wide at base, obtuse,
puberulent or densely pubescent and green without, white within,
often violet-tinged at base; petals ovate, up to 1.5 cm. long, 4 to 5
mm. wide, obtuse, white or often violet-tinged at base within;
corona filaments in 2 series, the outer cultrate, 6 to 8 mm. long,
yellow at apex, green or green and purple-maculate below, the inner
series filiform, 5 to 6 mm. long, obscurely capitellate, bright grass-
green; operculum closely plicate, bright grass-green or often paler
at margin, the margin slightly incurved, minutely fimbrillate; nectar
170 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistorY—BOrTANy, VoL. XIX
ring annular, entire, situated at base of preceding; limen saucer-
shaped, 2 mm. high, outside pink-maculate toward base, inside
streaked with pink, the margin denticulate or subentire; anthers and
styles deep purple; ovary globose or subovoid, densely villous; fruit
globose, up to 1.5 em. in diameter, at length glabrous; seeds obovoid,
3 to 4 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, tapering at base, lustrous, trans-
versely 4—6-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Cuello, Quindio Mountains, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Central Cordillera of Colombia to mountains of
southern Colombia, 1,500 to 3,000 meters altitude.
CoLoMBIA: Triana 526 (N).—Tolima: Rio Cuello, Quindfo Trail,
Humboldt & Bonpland (B, Gen, P, type). New Quindio Trail,
Hazen 9673 (G, N, Ph, Y); Killip 9748 (N). Murillo, Dawe 771
(K, N, Y).—Antioquia: El Jardin, Lehmann 7627 (B, G). Cara-
manta, Pennell 10780 (G, N).—Caldas: Salento, Pennell, Killip &
Hazen 8744 (G, N, Ph, Y); Killip & Hazen 10117 (G, N, Y); André
2328, in part (K, Y). Calarca, Killip 9794 (G,.N, Ph, Y). San
Clemente, Pennell 10666 (G, N, Ph, Y).—El Valle: Cuesta de Tocota,
Pittier 689 (N). Rio Dagua, Lehmann 2758 (B, Bo, K, N); Pérez
4719 (HNC). Cajfiitas, André 1011, in part (K).—El Cauca: Cuatro
Esquinas, Pennell & Killip 6349 (N). Slopes of Mt. Puracé, Pennell
— & Killip 6450 (G, N, Ph, Y), 6620 (G, N). Coconuco, Killip 6869
(G, N, Ph, Y). Popayan, Pennell & Killip 7190 (N); Lehmann 3459
(B, Bo, G, K), 8021 (B, G, K). Santa Rosa de Cabal, Lehmann 3057
(Bo, N). Dolores, André 2838 (K).—Narifio: Tuquerres, Triana
2949 (BM, K, P). Pasto, Lehmann 674 (B, Bo, N), 4840 (B, K),
6156 (B, N); Karsten (V).
Only slight variations are noticeable among the large number of
specimens of this species that have been examined. Both obtuse and
acute leaf lobes are to be found; the depth of the lobation varies;
and the flowers apparently are either white or bluish.
69. Passiflora bauhinifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 132. 1817.
Cieca bauhiniaefolia M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 145. 1846.
Passiflora Andreana Mast. Journ. Linn. Soc. 20: 37. 1883.
Stem angulate, compressed, striate, densely and softly pubescent;
stipules linear-subulate, 5 to 7 mm. long, subfalcate, purplish;
petioles 1 to 2.5 cm. long, glandless; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong
in general outline, 5 to 9 cm. long, 4 to 6.5 cm. wide, shallowly
bilobed at apex (or with a short intermediate lobe, the lobes obtuse
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 171
or acutish, mucronulate), rounded, subtruncate, or shallowly cordate
at base, 3-nerved, ocellate (ocellae in lines between midnerve and
lateral nerves), membranous, glabrous above, minutely puberulous
on nerves and veins, densely and softly appressed-pilosulous beneath;
peduncles solitary or in pairs, 3.5 to 5 cm. long, articulate near apex;
bracts linear-setaceous, 4 to 5 mm. long, purplish, borne above
middle of peduncle; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 3 to 4
mm. wide, obtuse, 3-nerved, pilosulous without; petals ovate-
lanceolate, 0.5 to 0.7 em. long, 0.3 to 0.4 cm. wide, obtuse, deep pink,
glabrous; corona filaments in 2 poorly marked series, the outer
narrowly liguliform, almost filiform, 5 to 7 mm. long, subtrigonous,
attenuate at apex, the inner capillary, 3 to 4 mm. long; operculum
borne close to the corona, plicate, slightly incurved; nectar ring annu-
lar; limen membranous, about 1 mm. high, erect, denticulate or
nearly entire, slightly incurved at margin; ovary globose, densely
yellowish-villous; fruit globose, 1 cm. in diameter, or slightly larger;
seeds ovate-orbicular, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide, slightly
asymmetrical, transversely sulcate, with 6 or 7 rugulose ridges
broken near center of face.
TYPE LOCALITY: “‘Regni Quitensis’” (Ecuador).
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of southwestern Colombia, Ecuador,
and northern Peru, from 2,000 to 3,100 meters altitude.
COLOMBIA: El Cauca: Naranjo, Rio Dagua, André 1807, in part
(K). Jiménez, Rio Dagua, André 2323, in part (K), 2518 (K).—
Narifio: La Laja, near Ipiales, André 3478 (K, type of P. Andreana,
Y). Tuquerres, André 1011, in part (K, Y). .
ECUADOR: Couthouy (G); Bourcier in 1851 (P); Mille (N).—
Pichincha: Quito, Humboldt & Bonpland (B, type); Mille 222 (N);
Hall 11 (B, K); Jameson (K); Benoist 2102 (P). Rio Pilatén, Sodiro
562 (B, N), in 1908 (N). Verdecruz, Firmin 310 (N). Guapulo,
Stevens 258 (N).—Tungurahua: Mt. Tungurahua, Lehmann 675 (Bo,
N). Bafios, Lehmann 8020 (B, G, N, S); Spruce (K).—Chimborazo:
Mt. Chimborazo, Mille in 1914 (N). Chambo, Mille in 1914 (N).
PERU: Cajamarca: Huambo, Raimondi 2233 (B).
Passiflora bauhinifolia was described as apetalous, and has here-
tofore been treated as an apetalous species. The single flower of the
type specimen at Berlin is not in condition to show whether or not
petals are present. Stevens’ specimen, also in bud, was compared
with it, however, and the two seem to be identical. Petals are
172 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
readily discernible in this Stevens plant, though it is not possible
to form a satisfactory concept of the corona structure.
Mille 222 from Quito, the type locality of P. bauwhinifolia, is in
good flower and fruit. In leaves, stipules, and bracts it agrees
exactly with Stevens’ plant, and likewise, in every detail, including
flower structure, with a specimen of the type of P. Andreana in the
herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.
Masters described the corona filaments of P. Andreana as one-
ranked. Apparently, though, they are in two ranks. The inner fila-
ments are very slender and rather longer than elsewhere in this group.
In the type specimen of P. Andreana the limen is noticeably dentic-
ulate, but in others it is subentire.
The foliage of P. bawhinifolia is much like that of the more
common P. alnifolia. In the latter species, however, the outer
corona filaments are conspicuously cultrate, not narrowly ligulate
and of nearly uniform width as in P. bauhinifolia.
The André collections are confusing because of the fact that
André often assigned the same number to specimens collected at
different localities which he considered as belonging to one species.
This confusion is notable in the citations given by Masters (Journ.
Linn. Soc. 20: 25-44. 1883) in reporting upon André’s Passifloraceae.
Thus, André 1011 consists of three collections, representing three
species: the Quetamé one is P. bogotensis, that from Cafiitas
P. alnifolia, and that from Tuquerres P. bauhinifolia. No. 1807
from the Rio Dagua is P. bauhinifolia, from Mt. Corazén P. chele-
donea, and from Tocaima P. rubra.
70. Passiflora Tatei Killip & Rusby, Phytologia 1: 66. 1934.
Stem trigonous, densely pilosulous; stipules narrowly linear-
faleate, 7 to 10 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, purplish; petioles 1 to 2.5
cm. long, glandless, pilosulous; leaves oblong or suborbicular in
general outline, 3.5 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 7 cm. wide, obsoletely 2-3-
lobed at the truncate apex, rounded or shallowly cordate at base,
entire, 3-nerved, subcoriaceous, lustrous and minutely puberulous
above, dull red, densely pilosulous on the nerves and veins beneath;
peduncles solitary or in pairs, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, slender; bracts dis-
sitate, 6 to 9 mm. long, setaceous, deeply 2—3-cleft, purplish; flowers
2.5 to 3.5 em. wide; calyx tube broadly campanulate, 7 to 10 mm.
wide at base; sepals linear or lanceolate, about 1.5 cm. long, 0.4 em.
wide, obtuse, greenish white; petals narrowly-linear, 7 to 9 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, obtuse, white; corona in 2 series, the outer
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 173
narrowly liguliform, about 8 mm. long, the inner filiform, 2 to 3 mm.
long; operculum closely plicate, about 1.5 mm. high, denticulate,
incurved; nectar ring annular; limen cupuliform, about 2 mm. high;
ovary globose, densely lanate-villose; fruit globose; seeds ovate-
orbicular, transversely sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Nequejahuira, Bolivia.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of western Bolivia.
BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nequejahuira, 2,500 meters, G. H. H. Tate 654
(N, Y, type).
This has the general appearance of P. bauhinifolia. In P. Tatet,
however, the bracts are deeply cleft, in P. bauhinifolia entire; the
calyx tube is much broader in P. Tatei, and the petals are narrowly
linear, rather than ovate-lanceolate.
71. Passiflora cuneata Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 696. 1809.
Decaloba cuneata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 158. 1846.
Passiflora furcata Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 550. 1872.
Passiflora bifurca Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17: 162.
1878.
(?) Passiflora luciensis Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 324. 1902.
Passiflora flexicaulis Killip ex Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih.
43: 496. 1927 (name only).
Stem stout, strongly compressed and angulate, usually flexuous,
glabrous or finely pilosulous; stipules narrowly linear or setaceous,
up to 6 mm. long; petioles up to 2.5 em. long, slender, glandless,
pubescent; leaves variable, oblong or ovate-oblong, 4 to 8 cm. long,
3.5 to 5 em. wide, 2-lobed (lobes one-fifth to one-third length of
blade, or rarely up to two-thirds, oblong, ovate-oblong, or rarely
linear, rounded or obtuse at apex, the sinus rounded, truncate,
or occasionally with a minute intermediate lobe), or 3-lobed (middle
lobe equaling or shorter than the lateral lobes), cuneate or rounded
at base, 3-nerved, reticulate-veined, membranous, glabrous or finely
pilosulous; peduncles solitary or in pairs, slender, elongate, up to
5 cm. long; flowers 3.5 to 4 cm. wide; sepals linear-lanceolate, 1 to 1.5
cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse, green without, white within;
petals lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide at base, white;
corona filaments in 2 series, the outer cultrate or spatulate, 3 to 5 mm.
long, dilated at or above middle, conspicuously 3-angled, yellow-
green, banded with purple, the inner filiform, about 2 mm. long,
grass-green; operculum membranous, plicate, incurved, grass-green;
174 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
limen annular; ovary subglobose, glabrous or densely pilose,
especially along the obscure ribs; fruit globose, about 1.5 em. in
diameter, pilosulous, at length glabrate; seeds ovoid, about 2.5 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, transversely sulcate with 5 or 6 ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Caracas, Venezuela. ’
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of central Venezuela; Santa Marta
Mountains and Eastern Cordillera of Colombia; ascending to 3,800
meters altitude in Colombia, and found in the valleys as low as 700
meters. Also on St. Lucia(?).
St. Lucta(?): Duss 442 (B, type of P. luciensis).
VENEZUELA: Burchell (K, type of P. furcata); Ernst 926 (BM),
927 (K).—Federal District: Caracas, Bredemeyer (BW, type);
Pittier 6197 (N), 7570 (B, Gen, N), 9512 (N, Y), 9591 (N), 9833
(N, Y). Los Venados de Galipan, Pittier 10440 (G, Gen, N, Y).—
Aragua: Colonia Tovar, Moritz 791 (B, BM), 1898 (K, V); Fendler
483 (Bo, Brux, G, Gen, K, Mo, P), 484 (G, K, Mo).—Mérida:
Moritz 1316 (B, BM). Paramo del Morra, Jahn 1072 (N). Tabay,
Gehriger 464 (N).
COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Santa Marta Mountains, H. H. Smith
1594 (CM, G, K, Ma, N, Y), 1697 (B, BM, G, Gen, K, N, P, Y).
Sierra del Libano, H. H. Smith 1761 (A, B, BM, Brux, CM, F, Gen,
K, N, P, Ph, 8, Ut, Y). San Lorenzo Mountains, Viereck 25 (N).—
Norte de Santander: Loso, Killip & Smith 20408 (N).—Santander:
Bucaramanga, Killip & Smith 15454 (A, G, N, Y), 16223 (A, BM,
G, N, Y), 16340 (N, Y), 16344 (A, G, N, Y). Las Vegas, Killip &
Smith 15951 (A, G, N, Y). Florida, Kilip & Smith 16175 (A, G, N,
V, Y). Surata Valley, Killip & Smith 16412 (N, Y), 16452 (A, G, N,
Y), 16527 (A, G, N, Y). Below Péramo Rico, Killip & Smith 17717
(N, Y). Below Paramo de Romeral, Killip & Smith 18599 (N).
El Roble, Killip & Smith 19420 (A, G, N, Y).—Cundinamarca:
Ubala, Triana 2934 (BM, type of P. bifurca, HNC, P).
As noted by Willdenow in describing the plant, the leaves of this
species are quite variable. Willdenow’s type specimen is most
closely duplicated as to leaf shape by Pittier 7570. The lobation
here is about one-third the blade, the lobes being nearly erect; the
leaves are fully twice as long as broad. In one extreme, Jahn 1072,
the leaves are nearly as broad as long, and are lobed only one-fifth.
At the other extreme is Fendler 484 in the Gray Herbarium, in which
the leaves are lobed two-thirds the length of the blade, and the lobes
are linear—less than 5 mm. wide—and somewhat divergent. The
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 175
latter specimen was cited by Masters as P. furcata, and certainly in
shape of leaves bears slight resemblance to typical P. cuneata. How-
ever, in the Missouri Botanical Garden there is a sheet of Fendler 484
with the typical leaves of P. cuneata.
This species was found to be quite common in the parts of the
Eastern Cordillera of Colombia visited by Mr. Smith and myself,
and showed the same marked variation in leaf shape. Sometimes the
same plant had 3-lobed leaves with the central lobe the longest,
2-lobed leaves, with both erect, rather broad lobes as in typical
P. cuneata, and narrow, divaricate lobes as in the form described
as P. furcata. Likewise, individual plants had both glabrous and
pilose ovaries.
The outer corona filaments are distinctly trigonous, though in
dried specimens this is often scarcely discernible.
Passiflora luciensis I am unable to distinguish from P. cuneata.
The leaves of the type specimen are essentially identical with typical
forms of P. cuneata as represented by Viereck’s specimens from the
Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia. The occurrence of this species
of the northern Andes on the island of St. Lucia is remarkable.
Possibly the St. Lucia plant is a form of P. Andersonii, a little known
species with transversely oblong leaves, or possibly P. cuneata, P.
Andersonii, P. luciensis, and perhaps P. rotundifolia are forms of a
polymorphic species of widespread distribution. The study of living
material from the Lesser Antilles is necessary before finally adopting
such a treatment, however.
72. Passiflora lyra Planch. & Linden ex Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 20: 377. 1930.
Stem sharply angular, puberulent; stipules setaceous, 5 to 10
mm. long, deciduous; petioles stout, up to 2.5 em. long, glandless;
leaves ovate-lanceolate or broadly ovate in general outline, 6 to 10
cm. along the midnerve, 6 to 12 cm. along the lateral nerves, 5 to
10 cm. wide, narrowed toward the apex, subtruncate, shallowly 2-3-
lobed (lobes acute or acuminate, the sinus lunate), rounded at the
base, subcoriaceous, shining and very dark green (when dry) and
finely and sparsely puberulent above, reddish when dry and densely
and softly tomentulous beneath, bearing 2 conspicuous, white, sub-
crustaceous glands in the angles of the nerves; flowers white, 3.5 to
4 cm. wide, borne on axillary branches up to 10 em. long which bear
much reduced leaves; bracts setaceous, about 5 mm. long; sepals
lanceolate, about 1.5 cm. long and 5 mm. wide, subacute, petals
176 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
linear, about 5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, very slender; corona fila-
ments in 2 series, the outer filiform, 4 to 5 mm. long, slightly torulose,
the inner capillary, 2 mm. long, capitellate; operculum membranous,
slightly plicate, erect, irregularly lacerate to the middle, about 2 mm.
high; limen annular; ovary ovoid, densely sericeous-pilose with
brownish or whitish hairs.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela.
DISTRIBUTION: Northern Venezuela.
VENEZUELA: Aragua: Cloud forests of the Ocumare Valley, 800
meters, Pittier 13958 (N).—Carabobo: Cumbre de Valencia, Funck
& Schlim 552 (Bo, Gen, P, type).
The leaves of this species are much like those of P. chelidonea in
general outline, though less deeply lobed. The dense indument on
the ovary and under surface of the leaves and the position of the
flowers on short, axillary branches are the most obvious characters
by which P. lyra may be distinguished from P. chelidonea. In
Pittier’s recent collection the leaves are proportionately broader.
73. Passiflora talamancensis Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:
260. 1922.
Stem angulate, striate, minutely puberulent; stipules linear-
subulate, 3 to 8 mm. long; petioles 1 to 2 cm. long, puberulent or
tomentellous, glandless; leaves cuneate-obovate or cuneate-oval in
outline, 6 to 12 em. long, 3 to 7 cm. wide, very shortly 3-lobed or 3-
toothed at apex (middle lobe normally longest, 5 to 10 mm. long,
usually deltoid), cuneate or rounded at base, narrowed above middle,
subcoriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above, dull and puberulent
beneath, strongly 3-nerved, ocellate beneath; peduncles slender, 2 to
4 em. long; bracts setaceous, 2 mm. long, deciduous; flowers 2.5
to 3.5 em. wide; sepals oblong, obtuse, about 1.5 cm. long, 0.5 em.
wide, green without, white within; petals two-thirds as long as the
sepals, white; corona filaments in 2 series, those of the outer series
falcate-ligulate, 5 to 7 mm. long, white(?), those of the inner series cap-
illary, 1.5 mm. long, white, purple at tips; operculum close to the
corona, membranous, plicate, 2 mm. long, erect, the margin minutely
crenulate, slightly recurved; limen annular; ovary globose, densely
tomentellous; fruit globose, about 1 cm. in diameter, villosulous;
seeds ovate, 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, transversely rugose with 6 or 7
minutely rugulose ridges, asymmetrical, the margin bearing a single
knob on one side just below the apex.
TYPE LOCALITY: Shirores, Talamanca, Costa Rica.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 177
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Costa Rica, up to 200 meters altitude.
Costa Rica: Shirores, Talamanca, Tonduz 9329 (Brux, N, type).
Tsaki, Tonduz 9593 (Bo, Brux, N). Carmen, Limon, Standley &
Valerio 48349 (N), 48364 (N).
This is a well marked species, quite unlike any other in Central
America. The leaves are remotely suggestive of some forms of P.
cuneata, but the lobes are acute. The flowers are very different from
those of P. cuneata.
74. Passiflora popayanensis Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 20:
377. 1930.
Stem angular, compressed, tortuous, glabrous; stipules linear-
setaceous, about 2 mm. long; petioles up to 1.5 em. long, minutely
pilosulous, glandless; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 5 to 7 em. long,
3 to 3.5 cm. wide, bilobed a third to a half their length (lobes lanceo-
late, 2 to 2.5 em. long, acuminate, mucronulate, the sinus truncate,
often with a small, triangular, intermediate lobe present), rounded at
base, 3-nerved, membranous, glabrous, dark green, usually paler
along nerves above, glaucous beneath; peduncles slender, up to 3 cm.
long, articulate just below apex; bracts setaceous, 2 to 4 mm. long,
borne above middle of peduncle; flowers 3 to 3.5 cm. wide; sepals
oblong-lanceolate, 1.2 to 1.5 em. long, about 0.4 cm. wide, obtuse;
petals spatulate, 6 to 7 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, obtuse, reticu-
late-veined toward apex, white, the veins darker; corona filaments in
2 series, filiform, the outer 6 to 7 mm. long, the inner 4 to 5 mm. long;
operculum slightly plicate, the margin minutely fimbrillate; nectar
ring annular; limen cushion-like, closely surrounding the base of the
gynophore; gynophore very slender; ovary ovoid, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Sotard Volcano, near Popayan, Colombia.
ILLUSTRATION: Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 499.
f. 230 C, D.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in south-
western Colombia.
COLOMBIA: El] Cauca: Sotara Volcano, near Popayan, 2,400 to
2,900 meters, Lehmann 3731 (B, Bo, K, N, type). |
This collection is cited by Masters as P. chelidonea Mast. in a
report on Lehmann’s Passifloraceae (Bot. Jahrb. 8: 218. 1887) and
is apparently the original of a detailed drawing of “P. chelidonea’”’
(Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 499. f. 230 C, D. 1925).
The thinner, more deeply lobed leaves (glaucous beneath), the longer
178 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
peduncles, more slender corona filaments, the two series of which
are of nearly equal length, and the smaller flowers distinguish P.
popayanensis from P. chelidonea. The ovary of the plant, moreover,
is glabrous, that of P. chelidonea densely puberulent. The leaves
resemble those of forms of P. alnifolia, which also grows in southern
Colombia, but the corona filaments differ and the ovary is glabrous.
75. Passiflora chelidonea Mast. Gard. Chron. 12: 40. 1879.
Stem angulate, glabrous, scabrous; stipules narrowly linear,
acuminate; petioles up to 2 cm. long, purplish; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, up to 14 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, 2-3-lobed at apex (lateral
lobes lanceolate, acute, suberect, the intermediate lobe very small),
rounded or subcordate at base, coriaceous, glabrous; peduncles up to
2 cm. long; bracts setaceous, 4 to 6 mm. long, borne above middle of
peduncle; flowers.up to 5 cm. wide; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 cm.
long, 1.2 cm. wide, light yellow-green and lustrous on both surfaces;
petals 1.2 cm. long, 0.4 cm. wide; corona filaments in 2:series, the
outer terete, tapering above middle, 1 cm. long, radiate, white, ©
spotted with dull bluish violet at base, dull bluish violet at center,
mustard-yellow at apex, the inner series grass-green, narrowly linear-
clavate, 3 mm. long; operculum 2 mm. high, plicate with about 45
folds, grass-green; nectar ring annular; limen annular, 3 mm. high,
fleshy, white, finely spotted externally with pink, the margin white;
gynophore dark green, becoming purple; filaments reddish purple;
styles deep purple; ovary green, short-strigillose; stigmas green;
fruit globose, 1.5 cm. in diameter; seeds obovoid, about 4 mm. long,
2.5 mm. wide, transversely sulcate, the broken ridges 6 to 8.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mt. Corazén, Ecuador.
ILLUSTRATION: Gard. Chron. 12: 40. 1879.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Cordillera of Colombia and mountains
of northern Ecuador; Eastern Cordillera of Colombia(?); between
1,600 and 3,000 meters altitude.
CoLoMBIA: Mutis 4411 (Ma, N). Anque, Lehmann XIV (Bo).—
Santander: Below Paramo Santurban, Killip & Smith 17923 (A, G,
N, Y). Charta, Killip & Smith 19031 (A, G, N, Y).—Caldas: Rio
San Rafael, below Cerro Tatama, Pennell 10336 (N). Santuaria,
Pennell 10600 (G, N, Y).—El Valle: La Cumbre, Pennell & Killip
5752 (G, N, Ph, Y).
Ecuapor: Pichincha: Quito, André 1110 (K, Y). Plant cultivated
in England, originally from Mt. Corazén (K, type); André 1807, in
part (K).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 179
In Pennell 10336 the leaves are proportionately much narrower
than in typical P. chelidonea, resembling those of P. tribolophylla,
but since flowers are lacking it is impossible to determine positively
to which species this specimen should be referred. The specimens
from Santander in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, and Mutis
4411, probably also from the Eastern Cordillera, may represent
another species with strikingly similar foliage. The flowers are not
sufficiently developed for positive identification.
76. Passiflora tribolophylla Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 297.
1922.
Stem densely and softly pilosulous; stipules setaceous, 4 to 5 mm.
long; petioles 5 to 12 mm. long, glandless; leaves lanceolate, oblong-
lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate in general outline, 3 to 12 cm. long,
1 to 4 em. wide, 2-3-lobed (lateral lobes suberect, 12 mm. long,
acute, the middle lobe equaling the lateral lobes or much reduced),
rounded or shallowly cordate at base, 3-nerved, closely reticulate-
veined, coriaceous, dull sea-green, lustrous and glabrous above, sub-
lustrous and finely pilosulous beneath; peduncles 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long,
articulate near apex; bracts setaceous, about 2 mm. long; sepals
lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 5 to 7 mm. wide, obtuse, puberulent and
green without, violet at base, white within; petals linear-oblong,
subequal to sepals, white, violet at base; corona filaments in 2 series,
the outer falcate-ligulate, 6 to 7 mm. long, greenish yellow, purple-
banded, the inner capillary, about 3 mm. long; the operculum
membranous, plicate, 3 mm. high; nectar ring a low ridge; limen
cupuliform; ovary pilosulous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Western Cordillera, west of Popaydn, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Colombia, at elevations up to 1,700
meters.
COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Santa Elena, Archer 1246 (N).—El
Cauca: West of Popaydn, 1,300 to 1,900 meters, Lehmann 5420
(B, type, F, K, N; probably B.7.859; K, Y). La Gallera, Micay
Valley, Killip 7918 (N, Y).
The general outline of the leaves of this species suggests
P.chelidonea. The outer corona filaments, however, are proportion-
ately shorter and the stem densely pilosulous.
77. Passiflora Dawei Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 20: 375. 1930.
Stem triangular, striate, minutely puberulous, at length glabrate;
stipules narrowly linear-falcate, 9 to 10 mm. long, 1 mm. wide;
180 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
petioles 3.5 to 4 em. long, glandless; leaves broadly ovate-oblong in
general outline, 8 to 10 cm. along midnerve, 10 to 14 cm. along lateral
nerves, 8 to 10 cm. wide at middle, 6 to 7 cm. wide between the tips
of the lobes, 2-lobed about a third their length (lobes lanceolate,
acute, the sinus deeply sinuate, mucronulate at base), rounded or
subtruncate at base, 3-nerved, ocellate beneath, subcoriaceous,
essentially glabrous, bright green (when dry) on both surfaces;
peduncles 5 to 7 cm. long, articulate about 1 cm. below apex; bracts
narrowly linear, 5 to 6 mm. long, 0.5 to 1 mm. wide; flowers 4 to 5
cm. wide; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 2.5 ‘em. long, 0.8 to 1 cm.
wide, obtuse, white within; petals similar to the sepals, about 1.5
cm. long and 0.9 cm. wide, pink-tinged; corona filaments in 2 series,
the outer trigonous, about 1 cm. long, conspicuously dilated at and
above middle, dark purple, the inner filiform, half as long, minutely
capitellate, grass-green; operculum closely plicate; limen annular;
ovary globose, densely white-pilose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Colombia.
COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Dawe 57 (K, N, type).—Caqueta:
Florencia, 420 meters, Pérez 669 (N).
This species is distinguished from P. chelidonea by proportionately
broader leaves, longer peduncles, larger bracts, and the shape of the
outer corona filaments. It might be confused with P. alnifolia, a
species common in the Central Cordillera of Colombia, but that has
quite differently shaped outer corona filaments, shorter SS
and smaller leaves.
78. Passiflora ichthyura Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 587.
1872.
Stem compressed, striate, pulverulent; stipules linear-subulate,
4 to 5 mm. long, deciduous; petioles up to 3 cm. long, glandless;
leaves oblong, 7 to 7.5 em. long (midnerve), 10 to 11 cm. (lateral
nerves), 9 to 10 em. (between apices of lobes), bilobed (lobes ovate-
oblong, 2 to 2.5 em. wide, acute, often with an intermediate lobe, the
sinus lunate or subtruncate), subcuneate at base, membranous,
ocellate, glabrous above, pulverulent and stellate-glandular beneath;
- peduncles solitary or in pairs, 1.5 to 3 em. long; bracts subulate;
flowers about 3 cm. wide; sepals oblong, obtuse; petals shorter than
the sepals, obtuse, white; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer
narrowly liguliform, 7 to 9 mm. long, the inner filiform, about 2 mm.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 181
long, capitellate; operculum membranous, slightly plicate, fimbrillate,
inflexed; limen annular; ovary obovoid, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: State of Goyaz, Brazil.
DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia and central Brazil.
BoLIviA: La Paz: Antahuacana, 750 meters, Buchtien 4651 (N).
BRAZIL: Sello 2129 (B), 2149 (B).—Goyaz: Gardner 3191
(K, type).
Gardner’s type specimen shows no vestige of an intermediate
leaf lobe, but in the Sello material and the Bolivian specimen this is
rather strongly developed.
79. Passiflora Candollei Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17:
161, footnote. 1873.
Passiflora lunata Juss. ex DC. Prodr. 3: 331. 1828. Not P.
lunata J. E. Sm. or P. & E.
Decaloba lunata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 158. 1846.
Plant glabrous or usually finely pulverulent; stem angular, com-
pressed, striate, subflexuous, glabrous below, finely pulverulent
toward the apex; stipules linear-subulate, 5 to 7 mm. long, 1 to 1.2
mm. wide, faleate, acuminate, coriaceous; petioles up to 6 cm. long,
glandless; leaves 5 to 10 cm. along midnerve, 7 to 15 cm. along
lateral nerves, 7 to 15 em. wide, bilobed (lobes lanceolate, 3 to 4 cm.
long, 2.5 to 3.5 em. wide at their base, acuminate, mucronulate, the
sinus broadly lunate, with an intermediate lobe sometimes present,
or the upper margin subtruncate), rounded at base, entire, conspicu-
ously 3-nerved, reticulate, ocellate, coriaceous or subcoriaceous,
bright green, shining, and glabrous above, dull and finely pulverulent:
or minutely pilosulous beneath; peduncles solitary or in pairs, up to
2 cm. long, articulate at middle; bracts setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long,
borne near middle of peduncle; flowers 3 to 5 cm. wide; sepals broadly
oblong, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, puberulent without,
fleshy, light green without, white within; petals ovate-oblong, 8 to
12 mm. long, about 10 mm. wide, obtuse, white, pink-tinged; corona
filaments in 2 series, the outer 8 to 10 mm. long, slender, subtrigo-
nous, yellow, the inner filiform, 3 to 4 mm. long, minutely capitel-
late, light green; operculum closely plicate, light green; ovary globose,
white-sericeous; fruit globose, 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter, densely
pilosulous; seeds obovate or obcordate, about 2 mm. long and 1.5
mm. wide, transversely sulcate with about 7 rugulose ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Peru.
182 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
DISTRIBUTION: Amazon basin of Peru and Bolivia; frequent up
to 700 meters altitude, ascending to 1,100 meters in the Department
of Hudnuco.
PERU: Dombey 742 (B, Gen, Ma, P, type); Pavén (B, BM, Bo,
Gen, P). Hacienda Chalhuapuquio, Stevens 146 (N).—Amazonas:
Chachapoyas, Mathews (BM, Bo, Gen, K, Y).—Loreto: Iquitos,
Killip & Smith 27143 (N), 27438 (N); Klug 1306 (F, N); L. Williams
8070 (N). Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith 29375 (F, N, Y), 29503 (F, N,
Y), 29693 (F, N, Y), 29734 (F, N, Y), 29735 (N); Tessmann 5273
(B, Bas). Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4942 (B). Lower Rio
Huallaga, Killip & Smith 27825 (F, N, Y); L. Williams 4175 (N).
Fortaleza, Klug 2788 (F, Gen, N). Rio Paranapura, Klug 3945 (N).
Mishuyacu, Klug 1581 (F, N).—Hudnuco: Pampayacu, Macbride
5123 (F, N). Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavén (Ma).—Junin: La Merced,
Killip & Smith 23517 (N, Y). Colonia Perené, Killip & Smith 25000
(F, N, Y). Puerto Yessup, Killip & Smith 26308 (F, N, Y). Puerto
Bermidez, Killip & Smith 26607 (N, Y).
BOLIVIA: Beni: Rio Chaparé, Werdermann 2164 (B, S).
De Candolle assigned a manuscript name of Jussieu’s, P. lunata,
to this Peruvian plant, overlooking the earlier use of the name by
several authors. Many of the specimens listed above, that were seen
in European herbaria, bear various names; the Mathews plant was
cited by Masters as P. indecora HBK., a wholly different species.
Perhaps this is too closely related to P. ichthyura. In that species
the leaves are noticeably longer than broad, with a cuneate base,
and the indument on their under surface is very dense.
80. Passiflora yucatanensis Killip, Field Mus. Bot. 8: 26. 1930.
Stem 4-5-angulate, striate, puberulent; stipules falcate-subulate,
2 to 3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide; petioles 1 to 1.5 em. long, puberulent,
glandless; leaves variable, truncately 2—3-lobed at apex (4 to 5 cm.
long, 6 to 8 em. wide) or deeply 2-lobed, with an obsolescent inter-
mediate middle lobe (2 to 4 cm. along midnerve, 5 to 8.5 em. along
lateral nerves, 6 to 10 cm. between apices of lobes; lobes rounded at
apex), rounded or truncate at base, ocellate beneath, membranous
or subcoriaceous, glabrous above, minutely puberulous beneath,
especially at margin; peduncles solitary, about 3 cm. long, slender;
bracts setaceous, 1 to 2 mm. long, borne about 5 mm. below flower;
flowers 2.5 to 3.5 em. wide; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 1.3 to 1.6 cm.
long, 4 mm. wide, obtuse; petals oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 9 mm. long,
4 mm. wide, obtuse; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer 4 to 5 mm.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 183
long, erect, 3-angled, slightly dilated at middle, the inner capillary,
2 mm. long; operculum membranous, plicate, incurved, minutely
fimbrillate; gynophore 1 to 1.2 em. long, slender, striate; ovary
narrowly ovoid, densely white-villous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cozumel Island, Yucatan, Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Yucatan, Mexico.
Mexico: Yucatan: E. P. Johnson (Y). Cozumel Island, Gaumer
101 (F, type, G, N).
The type collection of this species was reported (Field Mus. Bot.
1: 134. 1895) as ‘‘Passiflora Andersonit DC.?,” a plant of the islands
of St. Lucia and Dominica, related to P. rotundifolia and quite dis-
tinct from P. yucatanensis. The foliage of P. yucatanensis suggests
that of forms of P. biflora, but the species has relatively longer,
reflexed outer corona filaments, a shorter and thicker gynophore,
and much shorter peduncles.
81. Passiflora punctata L. Sp. Pl. 957. 1753.
Decaloba punctata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 156. 1846.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem subtriangular, compressed,
striate; stipules linear-falcate, 3 to 5 mm. long, subpersistent; petioles
3 to 6 cm. long, slender, glandless; leaves transversely oblong in
general outline, 2 to 5 cm. along midnerve, 3 to 7 cm. along lateral
nerves, 6 to 12 cm. between apices of lobes, truncate and very
shallowly 3-lobed at apex or rather conspicuously bilobed (lobes
broadly rounded and emarginate, rarely acutish, minutely mucronu-
late), truncate or subcordate at base, 3 (or obscurely 5)-nerved, thin-
membranous, glaucescent beneath; peduncles 5 to 8 cm. long, very
slender, articulate about 1 cm. from apex; bracts setaceous, 1 to 2
mm. long, scattered, deciduous; flowers 2.5 to 4 em. wide; calyx tube
campanulate, 10-sulcate; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 1.5 to 1.8 cm.
long, 0.8 to 1 cm. wide at base, obtuse, hyaline at margin, light yellow-
green and slightly lustrous externally, duller internally; petals oblong-
lanceolate, 1 to 1.2 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, recurved, greenish
white; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer liguliform, falcate, flat,
dilated near middle, 7 to 10 mm. long, up to 1.5 mm. wide (the 4 or 5
filaments opposite the sepals, erect at base, the apices recurved, the
2 or 3 opposite the petals incurved from the base), pale yellow-green
at apex, varying from deep purple to pale magenta at center, white
at base, the inner series of filaments filiform, 4 to 5 mm. long, capitel-
late, purplish; operculum membranous, plicate, 3 to 4 mm. high,
incurved and minutely denticulate at apex, purple and white; limen
184 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
a narrow ridge, white, purple-maculate, undulate at margin; gyno-
phore slender, deep purple below, white above; ovary narrowly
ovoid or ellipsoidal, brownish- or whitish-puberulent or villosulous;
fruit ellipsoidal, 2 cm. long (not fully developed)); seeds ovate, about
3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, transversely 6-sulcate, the ridges rugulose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Peru (based on a Feuillé plant from a garden at
Malambo, then a suburb of Lima).
ILLUSTRATIONS: Amoen. Acad. 1: pl. 10, f. 12; Cav. Diss. 10: pl.
269; Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:.pl. 178; Bot. Mag. 182:
ol. 8101. |
DISTRIBUTION: Specimens examined from a wide area (Panama
to central Peru and Bolivia), many of them certainly from plants in
cultivation; perhaps native in Ecuador and northern Peru.
PANAMA: Duchassaing in 1851 (P); Hayes 596 (Y).
CoLoMBIA: El Valle: La Manuelita, near Palmira, cultivated,
Pennell & Killip 6173 (G, N, Ph, Y). Buga, cultivated, Lehmann 801
(Bo), 3049 (B, Bo, K, N). Cartago, Lehmann 4615 (B, K), B.T.1123,
in part (K); André 4143 (K), 4143bis (K).—Narifio: Naranjo, André
78, in part (Y).
Ecuapbor: Eggers 15270 (F). Ayabamba, Lehmann 4832 (Gen,
K).—Manabi: El Recreo, Eggers 15582 (B, F, K, N, P).—Guayas:
Guayaquil, Fraser (BM); Née (Ma); cultivated, Mille 200 (N);
Hall (K). Naranjito, Sodiro in 1908 (N).
PERU: Pavén (B, BM, Bo, Gen, P); Dombey 736 (B, Gen, P);
“Richard” (BW).—Ttmbez: Hacienda Chicama, Weberbauer 7637
(F).—San Martin: Tarapoto, L. Williams 5922 (N).—Libertad:
Chinchin, Née (Ma).—Lima: Lima, cultivated, Killip & Smith
21527 (F, N, Y); Née (Ma). Barrana, Wawra 527 (V).—Cuzco:
Santa Ana Valley, Herrera 941 (B).
BoLiviA: D’Orbigny 563 (P).
From P. biflora this is distinguished by its longer, very slender
peduncles, which are usually solitary, its thinner leaves, and its
longer, predominantly purple or blue, rather than yellow, outer
corona filaments, which are flat, not trigonous. The leaves are less
variable than in the case of P. biflora, being always much broader
than long and of nearly uniform lobation. The flower details here
given are based on Pennell & Killip 6173.
The two Brazilian collections cited by Masters as P. punctata are
better referred to other species. A specimen in the Linnean Her-
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 185
barium labeled ‘“‘punctata’”’ by Linnaeus but not at hand in 1753 is
P. biflora.
LOCAL NAME: “‘Norbo”’ (Peru).
82. Passiflora biflora Lam. Encycl. 3: 36. 1789.
Passiflora lunata J. E. Smith, Icon. Pl. Rar. 11: pl. 1. 1790; Willd.
Sp. Pl. ed. 4, 3: 612. 1800. Not P. lunata Juss., or Vell., or
Poepp. & Endl.
Passiflora glabrata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 185. 1817.
Cieca glabrata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 143. 1846.
Decaloba biflora M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 161. 1846.
Decaloba biflora var. major M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 161.
1846.
Decaloba biflora var. mexicana M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 161.
1846.
Passiflora lunata var. costata Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1:
552. 1872.
Passiflora spathulata Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 552. 1872.
Passiflora Brighami Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 478. 1887.
Passiflora normalis L. sensu Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 155.
1887. Not P. normalis L.
Passiflora transversa Mast. Bot. Gaz. 16: 7. 1891.
Stem 5-angled, strongly grooved, more or less tortuous, green or
purplish, glabrate; stipules narrowly linear-subulate or setaceous,
often subfalcate, 1.5 to 3 mm. long; petioles 0.5 to 1 em. long or those
of the lower leaves occasionally up to 3 cm., glandless, glabrate or
minutely puberulent; leaves extremely variable in outline, trans-
versely linear or transversely oblong to suborbicular (ranging from
0.8 cm. long and 8 cm. wide to 10 cm. long and 10 cm. wide), or 2-
lobed with an intermediate third lobe frequently present (lobes
acuminate or rounded, usually apiculate, lanceolate or ovate, widely
divergent or subapproximate, often one-half the length of the blade,
usually much less), truncate, rounded, subcordate, or cuneate at
base, 3-nerved (a secondary pair of nerves arising near the apex of
the midnerve), reticulate-veined (nerves and veins conspicuous),
glabrous above, glabrous or minutely puberulent beneath, ocellate
with about 4 pairs of ocellae, coriaceous or subcoriaceous; peduncles
in pairs, usually from 1 to 1.2 em. long, rarely the lower up to 3 cm.,
articulate slightly above middle; bracts setaceous, 2 mm. long;
flowers 2.5 to 3.5 cm. wide; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 9 to 12 mm. long,
186 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
5 to 7 mm. wide, obtuse, green and puberulent or glabrate without,
white and glabrous within; petals about 8 mm. long, 5 mm. wide,
white; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer 3-angled, dilated near
middle, about 7 mm. long, yellow, the inner filiform, about 5 mm.
long; operculum membranous, closely plicate, the margin incurved;
limen annular; gynophore 5 to 8 mm. long; ovary subglobose or ovoid,
terete or angled, glabrate, puberulent, or densely tomentose; fruit
globose or subglobose, 1 to 2 cm. in diameter, glabrous to densely
puberulent; seeds obovoid, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, trans-
versely sulcate with 6 or 7 ridges, the ridges parallel, or the upper-
most and lowermost curved. ;
TYPE LOCALITY: “L’Amérique méridionale,’ and the type a
cultivated plant.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Martyn, Hist. Pl. Rar. pl. 50. 1728; Cav. Diss.
10: pl. 288; J. E. Sm. Icon. Pict. 1, pt. 1: pl. 1; Trans. Linn. Soc. 2:
pl. 5; Andr. Rep. 10: pl. 657; Lodd. Bot. Cab. 2: pl. 181; Ann. Gén.
Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: pl. 22, f. 7, pl. 23, f. 2; Bot. Reg. 7: pl. 577; Bot.
Mag. 49: pl. 2354; Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 20.
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela; also in the
Bahamas. A common plant, from sea level to 1,500 meters altitude.
An André specimen (No. 4143, in part) from Guayaquil, Ecuador,
which I have not seen is reported as this by Masters (Journ. Linn.
Soc. 20: 38). The other element of this number, from Cartago,
Colombia, is P. punctata.
“AMERICA”: (BW, type of P. lunata Willd.). ‘“L’Amérique
méridionale,’”’ Herb. Lamarck (P, type).
MEXxIco: Schaffner 553 (B); Sessé & Mocito 3302 (Bo, Ma, type
of ‘‘P. normalis’’ Sessé & Moc.), 4456 (Ma).—Tamaulipas: Berlandier
114 (Gen).—Sinaloa: San Blas, Wright 1342 (G).—San Luis Potosi:
Las Palmas, Pringle 5865 (G), 5762 (G, N).—Jalisco: San Sebastian,
Mexia 1529 (N), 1916 (N).—Hidalgo: Ixmiquilpan, Purpus in 1905
(Cal).—Veracruz: Houston (BM, type of P. lunata J. E. Sm.);
Schnee in 1894 (P); Hahn 41 (P), 48 (P); Gowin in 1866 (P); Liebmann
4142 (Cop). Trapiche de La Concepcion, Liebmann 4108 (Cop), 4135
(Cop). Misantla, Liebmann 4110 (Cop). Palugue, Liebmann 4109
(Cop). Cagadero, Liebmann 4107 (Cop). San Sebastian, Ivebmann
4106 (Cop). San Miguel, Liebmann 4111 (Cop). Mirador, Inebmann
4141 (Passiflora No. 14; Cop, type of P. spathulata, N). Orizaba,
Miiller (Y); Bourgeau 2718 (P); Seaton 504 (G). Cérdoba, Bourgeau
2099 (Bo, Brux, G, K, P,S). Zacuapan, Purpus 2066 (Cal, Mo, N),
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 187
7495 (Y), 7496 (Cal, N), 8905 (Cal), in 1923 (N); Seler 5131 (N);
Galeotti 3662 (Brux). Tampico, Palmer 416 (G, N).—Guerrero:
Acapulco, Palmer 616 (F, N).—Oaxaca: Ghiesbreght 80 (P). Plunia,
Nelson 2477 (G, N), 2481 (N).—Tabasco: San Juan Bautista,
Rovirosa 102 (N, Ph).—Chiapas: Zuluzu, Linden (Gen, P). Tapa-
chula, Van Ufford 33 (Ut).—Campeche: Tuxpefia, Lundell 1351
(Mich, N).
GUATEMALA: Tactic, Lehmann 1422 (Bo, K). Rio Chocdn,
Watson 97 (G, type of P. Brighami). Jinotepe, Friedrichsthal 1188
(V, type P. lunata var. costata).—Petén: Uaxactiin, Bartlett 12360
(Mich), 12510 (Mich, N). El Paso, Lundell 1490 (Mich).—Alta
Verapaz: Cubilquitz, Tiirckheim 8218 (N).—Quezaltenango: Co-
lomba, Skutch 2044 (N).—Izabal: Quirigudé, Standley 24210 (N).
Livingston, Deam 66 (G).—Escuintla: San Juan Mixtan, J. D. Smith
2083 (N). Masaqua, J. D. Smith 2099 (G, K, type of P. transversa, N).
HONDURAS: Tela, Standley 53575 (N), 55291 (N), 56827 (N).
San Pedro Sula, Thieme 5245 (N). Laguna Quemada, Wilson 626
(Y), 628 (N).
BRITISH HONDURAS: Gentle 346 (Mich). Toledo, Peck 505 (G).
El Cayo, Bartlett 11446 (N), 12025 (N), 12074 (N). Belize River,
Lundell 3835 (N), 3840 (N). Belize, Lundell 1837 (N), 1944 (N),
7088 (N); Gentle 3 (Mich). La Libertad, Lundell 2271 (Mich), 2272
(Mich), 3400 (N); Aguilar 165 (N). Northern River, Genile 877
(N). Corozal, Gentle 378 (Mich, N), 820 (N). New River, O’Neill
8802 (CU).
SALVADOR: Sonsonate, Standley 21953 (N).
NICARAGUA: Managua, Maxon 7458 (N). Chontales, R. Tate 110
(K), 112 (K).
Costa RIca: Pittier 1224 (Bo), 3908 (Brux); Tonduz 8467 (Brux).
Alajuela, Pittier 588 (Brux); Tonduz 7307 (Brux). Puntarenas,
Pittier 497 (Brux); Tonduz 1704 (Brux). Limén, Tonduz 14844
(Gen); Standley 36684 (N), 37016 (N). Guéapiles, Standley 37370
(N). San Juan, Tonduz 9777 (N). Alajuelita, Tonduz 9081 (Brux,
N). Juan Vifias, Tonduz 10417 (N); Calvert in 1909 (Ph). Turrialba,
J. D. Smith 6528 (N); Tonduz 8396 (Brux). Tuis, Pittier (Tonduz)
12292 (B, G, K, N, P, Y). Nicoya, Tonduz 13851 (N). Hacienda
Robles, Pittier 1673 (B, BM, Bo, Brux, N). Las Pavas, San José,
Standley 36087 (N); Pittier 3671 (N). Rio Changuinola, Stork 276
(N). Cartago, Oersted (Cop). Ugares, Oersted 4105 (Cop). La
Estrella, Standley 39355 (N). Dulce Nombre, Standley 35823 (N).
188 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Pejivalle, Standley 46833 (N). Orosi, Standley 39820 (N). San
Ramon, Brenes 6158, in part (F).
PANAMA: Duchassaing in 1851 (B, P); Sinclair (K); Née (Ma).—
Chiriqui: El Boquete, Killip 3608 (Roch). David, Killip 3640
(Roch).—Coclé: Penonomé, R. S. Williams 226 (Y).—Canal Zone:
Chagres, Fendler 121 (F, G, K, N). Ancon, Pittier 2578 (N); Killip
12107 (N); Blancher in 1922 (N). Culebra, Pittver 2091 (N); Standley
25982 (N). Empire, Piper 5520 (N). Fort Sherman, Standley 31040
(N), 31184 (N); Stevens 1046 (N). Lion Hill, Hayes 601 (BM, K).
Frijoles, Piper 5806 (N). Barro Colorado Island, Bailey & Bailey
$11 (N).—Colén: Porto Bello, Billberg 293 (S); Pittter 2461 (N).
Catival, Standley 30349 (N).—Panama: Las Sabanas, Standley 25834
(N), 29802 (N). Taboga Island, Standley 27844 (N); Pittier 3607 (N).
BAHAMAS: Brace 487 (Y). Great Cistern, Brace 1762 (F, Y).
Pigeon Cay, Brace 1664 (F, Y). Marsh Harbor, Brace 1809 (Y).
Eleuthera Island, Fairchild 30 (N).
VENEZUELA: Federal District: La Guayra, Otto 474 (B, V);
André 154 (K).—Meérida: Moritz 1315 (BM). Tovar, Pittier 12764
(N).—TAchira: Capacho, Archer 3182 (N).
CoLoMBIA: Lehmann B.T.1123 in part (Y); Triana (N).—Mag-
dalena: Mamatoca, H. H. Smith 1597 (B, CM, F, G, K, N, P, Ph, Y),
1956 (Y). “Santa Marta, Jamaica,” Purdie (K).—Bolivar: Turbaco,
Humboldt & Bonpland (B, type of P. glabrata, P); Killip & Smith
14650 (A, G, N, Y). Cartagena, Dawe 890 (K, Y).—Norte de
Santander: Chinacota, Killip & Smith 20868 (G, N, Y). Ctcuta,
Killip & Smith 21012 (A, N).—Cundinamarca: Tequendama, Triana
2945 (HNC, P). La Esperanza, Cuatrecasas 3243 (Ma). Guaduas, |
Karsten (V).—Tolima: Honda, Goudot (P). Mariquita, Oslo 474 (V).
Timina, Lehmann 2291 (Bo). Socononzo, Dawe in 1919 (K).—
Caldas: San José, Pennell 10245 (N).—El Valle: La Cumbre, Killip
& Hazen 11146 (G, N).—Narifio: Naranjo, André 78, in part (Y).
The specimens cited above show great diversity in leaf form,
degree of pubescence on the ovary, and size of fruit. It is impossible,
however, to segregate any species or even to recognize any well
defined varieties. These variants are probably best considered races
of a single, widely distributed species. The outer filaments of the
corona are in every case trigonous and dilated just above their middle;
the stem and leaves are glabrous or sometimes minutely puberulent.
The report of this species as occurring in Jamaica on the basis
of a Purdie specimen is clearly an error. This collection, at Kew,
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 189
bears the data ‘“‘May 1844, Santa Marta, Jamaica,’”’ and some
commentator has noted on the sheet that Purdie left Jamaica in
April, 1844, and arrived in Santa Marta, Colombia, in May. In
the Swartz Herbarium there is a sheet of P. biflora labeled ‘‘Ind.
Occ.’’; there is a possibility that this specimen came from Jamaica,
but I doubt that it did. Many specimens from other parts of
South America have been referred to P. biflora, but all these which
I have examined prove to be P. punctata, P. Candollei, P. vespertilio,
or some other species of this relationship.
The earliest illustration of this species is in Martyn’s work,
published in 1728, and it was based upon a plant grown in the
Chelsea Gardens, England, from seeds sent from Veracruz by
Houston. Linnaeus cited this plate under P. vespertilio. However,
in view of Linnaeus’ other citations and the figure in the Amoenitates,
it is clear that the name P. vespertilio should be applied to the plant
common in the Guianas.
In proposing P. biflora, Lamarck cited the Martyn reference,
though the specimen upon which he based the description was from
a plant in cultivation at Paris of “Amérique méridionale’’ origin.
LOCAL NAMES: “Camacarlata,” “‘calzoncillo” (Central America);
“ala de murciélago” (Salvador); ‘‘sandia cimarréna’”’ (Costa Rica);
“guate-guate’’ (Panama); “‘parche’”’ (Venezuela).
83. Passiflora glaucescens Killip, sp. nov.
Planta glaberrima, ovario puberulo excepto; stipulae setaceae;
petioli eglandulosi; folia transverse oblonga, breviter trilobata, lobis
rotundatis vel truncatis, membranacea, subtus_ glaucescentia;
bracteae setaceae; sepala petalaque linearia; coronae filamenta
biseriata, exteriora clavato-dolabriformia, interiora filiformia; oper-
culum plicatum; fructus globosus.
Plant glabrous throughout except the ovary; stem subtriangular,
striate; stipules setaceous, about 1.5 mm. long; petioles very slender,
1 to 2 cm. long, glandless; leaves transversely oblong in general out-
line, shallowly 3-lobed (the lateral lobes rounded, slightly emar-
ginate, the middle lobe truncate, emarginate), 3 to 5 cm. along
the midnerve, 3.5 to 6.5 cm. along the lateral nerves, 5 to 9 cm.
wide, rounded or truncate at base, membranous, glaucescent
beneath; peduncles in pairs, 2 to 3 cm. long; bracts dissitate in upper
half, setaceous, about 2 mm. long; flowers 2 to 2.5 em. wide, purplish
red(?); sepals linear, about 1 cm. long, 3.5 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse;
petals linear, about 1 cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse; corona
190 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
filaments in 2 series, the outer clavate-dolabriform, about 3 mm. long,
0.8 mm. wide at apex, purplish red(?), the inner filiform, about 2 mm.
long; operculum plicate, 2.5 mm. high, incurved, minutely crenulate;
limen annular; ovary globose or subglobose, grayish-puberulent;
fruit globose, about 1 cm. in diameter.
Type in the herbarium of the British Museum (Natural History),
collected in Brazil by F. Sello (No. 894).
In leaf shape this species resembles rather closely forms of P.
punctata, and certainly it is closely related to that species. The
peduncles are much shorter, the sepals and pétals narrower, and the
outer corona filaments are of a different shape.
84. Passiflora anadenia Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 323. 1902.
Stem wiry, subterete, glabrous or minutely appressed-pilosulous;
stipules ‘linear-subulate, 5 to 6 mm. long, persistent; petioles 2 to 5
mm. long, glandless; leaves bilobed to within 8 mm. of base (lobes
linear, 3 to 7 cm. long, 0.1 to 0.4 cm. wide, obtuse, apiculate, divari-
cate at 45 degrees, or less, from midrib, a small intermediate lobe or
cusp usually present in sinus), cuneate at base, prominently 3-nerved,
revolute at margin, coriaceous, minutely hispidulous above, glabrous
beneath; peduncles solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves, 8 to
12 mm. long, articulate near apex; bracts linear-subulate, 3 to 4 mm.
long, borne below middle of peduncle; flowers up to 2.5 cm. wide,
greenish; sepals lanceolate, about 10 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, obtuse;
petals lanceolate, 5 to 7 mm. long, about 2.5 mm. wide; corona fila-
ments in 2 series, filiform, the outer 8 to 10 mm. long, the inner
barely 1 mm.; operculum membranous, plicate, incurved, incised-
dentate, the teeth triangular; limen annular, close to base of
gynophore; ovary globose, glabrous; fruit globose, about 1 cm. in
diameter.
TYPE LOCALITY: Pétionville, Haiti.
DISTRIBUTION: Haiti, up to 600 meters altitude.
HAITI: Pétionville, Picarda 1174 (B, type); Leonard 4996 (B, G,
N). Port au Prince, Leonard & Leonard 15760 (N), 15765 (N).
Morne a Cabrits, Ekman 2255 (B, S). Ennery, Ekman 2470 (B, 8);
Leonard 8058 (N), 8859 (N), 8932 (N), 8964 (N), 10040 (N), 10044
(N). St. Michel de l’Atalaye, Leonard 7405 (N), 7410 (N).
This species is at once recognized among Haitian plants by its
very narrow, revolute leaf lobes. The following two species, from
Cuba, are closely related to it.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 191
85. Passiflora stenoloba Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov. 22: 40. 1925.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem angulate, striate; stipules
lanceolate-linear, about 2 mm. long; petioles up to 3 mm. long,
glandless; leaves bilobed to within 4 mm. of base (lobes linear, 3.5
to 6 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 mm. wide, acute, revolute at margin, a middle
lobe sometimes present as a cusp 1 to 3 mm. long), subcoriaceous,
brittle; peduncles in pairs in the axils of the leaves, up to 2.5 cm. long,
filiform, articulate near apex; bracts borne at point of articulation of
peduncle; flowers purple-violet; sepals and petals lanceolate-linear,
“17 mm. long’’; corona filaments in 2 series(?), filiform, “11 mm.
long’; operculum plicate, the margin subentire, densely papillose;
limen annular. :
TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra de Nipe, Cuba.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in eastern
Cuba.
CuBA: Oriente: Sierra de Nipe, 975 meters, Ekman 3116a
(B, type, S).
This species is similar to P. anadenia, particularly in the long,
narrow leaf lobes. The Haitian plant, however, has longer stipules
and peduncles, bracts borne near the base of the peduncle, smaller
flowers, and a differently margined operculum. The differences be-
tween P. stenoloba and P. nipensis, as noted in the key, are chiefly
those of dimension.
86. Passiflora nipensis Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 44: 17. 1917;
Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov. 22: 41. 1925.
Passiflora intermedia Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov. 22: 40. 1925.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem wiry, slightly angulate, striate;
stipules setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long; petioles up to 6 mm. long, gland-
less; leaves bilobed one-half (or slightly more) their length, 0.5 to 1
cm. along midnerve, 1.5 to 3 cm. along lateral nerves, 1.5 to 2.5 em.
between apices of lobes (lobes lanceolate, 3 to 7 mm. wide, acute,
mucronulate, the middle lobe oblong, up to 1.5 em. long, or reduced
to a short cusp), cuneate at base, slightly revolute at margin, strongly
3-nerved (2 or 3 secondary nerves present), inconspicuously few-
veined, subcoriaceous; peduncles solitary or usually in pairs, 1 to 2
em. long, very slender, articulate; bracts setaceous, borne at point
of articulation of peduncle, 0.5 mm. long, deciduous; flowers purplish
when dry; sepals linear-lanceolate, about 15 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide,
subobtuse; petals 2 mm. wide at base; corona filaments in 2(?) series,
the outer filiform, 1 cm. long; operculum membranous, plicate,
192 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
irregularly crenulate and minutely papillose; fruit globose, about 1
cm. in diameter; seeds oblong, 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, trans-
versely about 5-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra de Nipe, near Woodfred, Cuba, altitude
500 to 650 meters.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Cuba, between 500 and 1,000 meters
altitude.
CuBA: Oriente: Sierra de Nipe, Shafer 3554 (Y, type); Ekman
3116b (S), 3174 (S). Monte Libanon, Ekman 10293 (B, type of
P. intermedia, 8).
The type specimen consists of foliage and a single fruit only.
Flowering material has recently been collected by Ekman, and Urban
has thus been able to supplement the original description.
Passiflora intermedia seems to differ from P. nipensis only in the
slightly narrower leaf lobes, with a development of the intermediate
lobe. The type specimen of P. nipensis does not permit diagnosis of
a flower, and it is impossible to say positively that the two are the
same. In this group of Plectostemma the degree of development of
the middle lobe varies so greatly within a species, or even in the case
of individual plants, that this character alone hardly warrants the
recognition of distinct species.
87. Passiflora bilobata Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 107. 1805.
Astephananthes bilobata Bory, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: 138.
1819 (as Asephananthes).
Tacsonia bilobata Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 44. 1826.
Cieca bilobata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 146. 1846.
Stem angulate, striate, purplish with age, glabrous or finely
pilosulous; stipules linear-subulate, 2 to 5 mm. long; petioles 5 to 10
mm. long, glandless; leaves bilobed about two-thirds their length,
0.5 to 1.5 em. (midnerve), 2.5 to 7 cm. (lateral nerves), 2 to 7 cm.
between apices of lobes (lobes linear to linear-oblong, 0.5 to 1.5 cm.
wide, usually broadest at apex, sometimes emarginate), rounded at
base, slightly revolute, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, lustrous and
scabrellous above, dull, glabrous beneath; peduncles solitary or in
pairs, 0.8 to 3 cm. long, slender, articulate just below apex; bracts
linear-subulate, 2 to 3.5 mm. long, borne near base of peduncle;
flowers up to 1.5 cm. wide, greenish yellow; sepals ovate-lanceolate,
6 to 8 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, slightly keeled near apex; petals
linear, 4 to 6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, obtuse, membranous; corona
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 193
filaments in 2 series, filiform, the outer about 8 mm. long, the inner
2 to 3 mm. long; operculum plicate, dentate, the teeth triangular;
limen annular; ovary subglobose, glabrous; fruit globose, about
1 cm. in diameter; seeds oblong, 2 to 2.5 mm. long, about 1.5 mm.
wide, transversely sulcate, the ridges dark, about 6.
TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Saint-Domingue.”’
ILLUSTRATIONS: Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: pl. 37, f. 2; Ann. Gén.
Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: pl. 22, f. 5.
DISTRIBUTION: Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.
Haiti: Trou d’Eau, 600 meters, Ekman H2256 (S).
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Poiteaw (P, type). Barahona, Fwertes
in 1912 (B).
PUERTO Rico: Read (B). Pefidn, Shafer 1995 (Y).
This species was placed by Bory in a monotypic genus Astepha-
nanthes because of Jussieu’s statement, rather doubtfully expressed,
that the flowers were without a corona. I have not dissected the
flowers of the type specimen but am convinced that it is conspecific
with material collected by Ekman in excellent condition and with
the other specimens listed above. These all are petaliferous, though
Jussieu described the flowers likewise as apetalous.
This entire group of West Indian Passiflora, including P. bilobata,
P. bicrura, P. anadenia, P. Ekmanii, P. stenoloba, and P. nipensis,
may represent a single species with extremely variable leaves.
88. Passiflora bicrura Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 323. 1902.
Stem strongly compressed, striate, purplish with age, glabrous or
minutely pilosulous; stipules linear-subulate, 2 to 4 mm. long, often
glandular-puberulent; petioles 5 to 10 mm. long, glandless; leaves
bilobed to middle, 2 to 4 em. along midnerve, 5 to 7 cm. along lateral
nerves, up to 7 cm. between apices of lobes (lobes oblong-lanceolate,
1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, broadly rounded at apex, the sinus rounded at
base or with a short or more or less developed intermediate lobe),
rounded at base, subcoriaceous, lustrous and glabrous above, dull
and pilosulous beneath, especially on the nerves and veins; peduncles
solitary or in pairs, borne on short, leafless branchlets, 0.8 to 3 cm.
long, slender, articulate just below apex; bracts linear-subulate, 2 to
3 mm. long, slightly glandular-puberulent, borne near base of
peduncle, persistent; flowers up to 2 cm. wide, greenish yellow; sepals
ovate-lanceolate, 8 to 10 mm. long, about 4 mm. wide, slightly keeled
near apex; petals 5 to 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, obtuse, membranous;
194 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—Borany, VoL. XIX
corona filaments in 2 series, filiform, the outer about 8 mm. long,
the inner 2 to 3 mm.; operculum membranous, plicate, dentate, the
teeth triangular; limen annular; ovary subglobose, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Morne Fourmi, Haiti.
DISTRIBUTION: Hispaniola.
HAITI: Morne Fourmi, 1,000 meters, Buch 693 (B, type).
DomINICAN REPUBLIC: Samand Peninsula, Abbott 2364 (B, N).
Monte Ciprian, Valeur 888 (N).
This may be only a form of P. bilobata, oné of the principal differ-
ences between the two noted by Urban—the absence of petals in P.
bilobata—having to be disregarded, as that species undoubtedly is
petaliferous. The smaller flowers of P. bicrura—these borne on short,
leafless branchlets—and the less deeply lobed leaves, pubescent
beneath, with a broader and non-emarginate apex to the lobes, are
the main differences between the two.
89. Passiflora tenella Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 20: 375. 1930.
Plant very slender, essentially glabrous throughout; stem sub-
angular, striate; stipules setaceous, 1.5 mm. long; petioles very
slender, 1 to 2.5 em. long, glandless, sparingly pilosulous toward
apex; leaves transversely oblong in general outline, 1.5 to 3 cm. long,
4 to 7 em. wide, shallowly 3-lobed at the truncate apex (lobes obtuse
or truncate; rarely the leaves distinctly 3-lobed about a third their
length), retuse at base, 3-nerved, not ocellate beneath, bright green
above (when dry), glaucous beneath, thin-membranous; peduncles
solitary, 1-flowered, very slender, 2 to 3 cm. long, articulate just
below apex; bracts setaceous, 2 mm. long, soon deciduous; flowers
about 1.5 em. wide, greenish white; sepals narrowly lanceolate, 8 to
9 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide at base, acutish, 3-nerved, reticulate-
veined, thin-transparent; petals linear, 2 to 3 mm. long, obtuse,
thin-transparent; corona filaments filiform, in 2 series, the outer
filaments equaling the sepals, the inner barely 2 mm. long; operculum
membranous, about 1 mm. high, very slightly plicate; ovary narrowly
ellipsoidal, glabrous; fruit ellipsoidal, about 3 cm. long, 0.8 cm. in
diameter, tapering to a stipitate base, acuminate at apex, 6-ribbed;
seeds narrowly obovate, about 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, trans-
versely 4—5-sulcate, the ridges rugulose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Hacienda La Choza, Tambez, Peru.
DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern (and perhaps eastern) Peru.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 195
PreRU: Tambez: Hacienda La Choza, 100 to 200 meters, Weber-
bauer 7704 (B, F, type, Gen, K, N).—lLima: Lima Botanical Garden,
said to have come from forests of eastern Peru, Pennell 14801 (Ph).
This interesting species probably belongs to the subgenus Plecto-
stemma, although the low operculum, scarcely plicate, and the
angular, capsule-like. fruit suggest a relationship with P. trypho-
stemmatoides and P. gracillima, of Tryphostemmatoides. The flowers,
as well as the fruits, resemble those of P. gracilis, a wholly different
species without petals and with reticulate seeds and glandular
petioles. The leaves are shaped much like those of P. punctata,
another Peruvian species, but the far more delicate flowers, with
filiform corona filaments and a glabrous ovary, clearly separate it.
90. Passiflora erythrophylla Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 138, pt. 1:
558. 1872.
Passiflora erubescens Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17:
161. 1878. Not P. erwbescens Macf. (1850).
Stem slender, angulate, slightly compressed, striate, drying
yellowish, glabrous, or the younger portions finely appressed-pilosu-
lous; petioles 4 to 8 mm. long, slender, glandless; leaves truncately
3-lobed (lateral lobes ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, minutely
mucronulate, the middle lobe reduced or wanting), 1 to 2 cm. along
midnerve, 2 to 3 cm. along lateral nerves, 2 to 4 cm. between apices
of lateral lobes, rounded or subtruncate at base, ocellate, thin-mem-
branous, drying purplish red, glabrous or sparsely appressed-pilosu-
lous on the nerves beneath; peduncles solitary or in pairs, filiform,
. up to 1.2 em. long; bracts setaceous, 1 to 1.5 mm. long; flowers 1.2
to 2 cm. wide, yellowish white; sepals linear, 5 to 9 mm. long, 1.5 to
2 mm. wide, obtuse; petals linear, 4 to 5 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide,
obtuse; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer filiform, 3 to 4 mm. long,
the inner capillary, about 1 mm. long; operculum closely plicate, 1 to
1.5 mm. high, lobulate; ovary ovoid or subglobose, tapering to a
short stipe, glabrous, or pilosulous when young; fruit ovoid or
obovoid, 1.5 to 2 em. long, 1 cm. wide, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia.
ILLUSTRATION: Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 25.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Cordillera of Colombia.
COLOMBIA: Goudot 2 (K, type, P); Mutis 2270 (Ma, N), 2278
(Ma, N); collector uncertain (Bog).—Cundinamarca: San Fortunato,
196 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX |
near Bogota, 2,500 meters, Triana 2951 (BM, type of P. erubescens
Tr. & Planch., HNC, P). Fusagasuga, Lindig 642 (P).
I am unable to find any important differences between P. ery-
throphylla and P. erubescens Tr. & Planch., both names referring to
the reddish hue of the leaves, a character by which this species may
be readily recognized.
91. Passiflora Ekmanii Killip & Urban, Arkiv Bot. 21A, No. 5:
15. 1926.
Plant scandent, the tendrils slender; stem subangular, striate,
short-villosulous; stipules setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long; petioles up to
4 mm. long, densely villosulous, glandless; leaves 5 to 20 mm. along
midnerve, 10 to 25 mm. along lateral nerves, 15 to 30 mm. wide,
bilobed (usually with a short intermediate lobe in the sinus; lobes
5 to 10 mm. wide, rounded, mucronulate, suberect), broadly rounded
at base, entire at margin, 3-nerved, subcoriaceous, above bright
green and sublustrous, finely villosulous on nerves and veins, beneath
dull, densely villosulous on nerves and veins; peduncles solitary or in
pairs on the main stems, 8 to 10 mm. long, articulate above;_bracts
setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long, dissitate in lower half of peduncle, gla-
brous or minutely villosulous; flowers small, about 1.5 cm. wide,
whitish; calyx tube short-campanulate; sepals linear-oblong, 6 to 8
mm. long, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide, obtuse, villosulous without; petals similar
to the sepals, 4 to 5 mm. long; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer
narrowly linear below, subulate-attenuate at apex, 4 to 5 mm. long,
the inner minute, capillary, about 0.5 mm. long; operculum membra-
nous, plicate, erect, about 1 mm. high, lobulate and minutely fimbril-
late at margin; limen disk-shaped; ovary subglobose, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Morne Tranchant, Massif de la Selle, Haiti.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Haiti, about 1,700 meters altitude.
Haiti: Morne Tranchant, Massif de la Selle, Ekman H1339
(B, N, type); Buch 2153 (B). Morne Cabaio, Ekman H1676
(B, N,S).
This differs from P. bilobata in the narrower bracts, dissitate on
the peduncle, and in the shape of the leaves.
92. Passiflora micrantha Killip, sp. nov.
Ubique glaberrima, floribus exceptis; stipulae setaceae; petioli
filiformes, eglandulosi; folia profunde bilobata, lobis late divergenti-
bus, lobo parvulo saepe interjecto, membranacea; pedunculi bini,
bracteis setaceis; flores parvi, sepalis petalisque linearibus; coronae
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 197
filamenta biseriata, exteriora filiformia, interiora setacea; operculum
conferte plicatum, fimbrillatum; ovarium ovoideum; fructus globosus,
seminibus paucis obovatis.
A slender, herbaceous vine, glabrous throughout except the
flowers; stem subangular, striate; stipules setaceous, 2 mm. long;
petioles filiform, 5 to 10 mm. long, glandless; leaves 1 to 3 cm.
along midnerve, 2 to 6 cm. along lateral nerves, 4 to 7 cm. between
apices of lateral lobes, deeply bilobed (lobes lanceolate, divergent
at an angle of about 45 degrees, acute or subacute, a smaller inter-
mediate lobe usually present), rounded at base, ocellate beneath,
membranous, drying green; peduncles in pairs, about 1 cm. long,
filiform, articulate near apex; bracts setaceous, 1.5 mm. long,
scattered, soon deciduous; flowers 1.2 to 1.5 em. wide, greenish
white or greenish yellow; sepals linear, 5 to 7 mm. long, 1.5 to 2
mm. wide, obtuse, sparingly pubescent without when young; petals
linear, 3 to 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, obtuse; corona filaments in
2 series, the outer filiform, 2 to 3 mm. long, white, those of the inner
series setaceous, 1 mm. long, purplish; corona about 1 mm. high,
closely plicate, densely and minutely fimbrillate with white hairs,
purplish toward base; limen annular, closely surrounding base of
gynophore; ovary ovoid; fruit globose, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, few-
seeded; seeds obovate, 3 mm. long, transversely sulcate, the ridges
rugulose.
Type in the herbarium of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques,
Geneva, collected at Chinquinquiré, Boyacaé, Colombia, in 1909,
by Brother Apollinaire Marie. Duplicate in the United States
National Herbarium and the herbarium of the Instituto de La
Salle, Bogota. Specimens from this locality, collected by Brother
Toméon-Felix (No. 53) are in the herbarium of the Muséum d’His-
toire Naturelle, Paris, and the United States National Herbarium.
Additional material examined, all from Colombia: Cundina-
marca: Between Caqueza and Rio Sananie, 1,600 meters alt.,
Pennell 1329 (Y). Choachi, Brother Apollinaire Marie in 1901 (Bog).
Although the leaves resemble those of certain forms of P. misera,
this species is closely related to P. erythrophylla and P. bucara-
mangensis. |
93. Passiflora affinis Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 233. 1850.
Plant glabrous throughout; stipules linear-subulate, 1.5 to 2 mm.
long, faleate, deciduous; petioles 1 to 3.5 cm. long, slender, glandless;
leaves 2 to 10 em. long, 3 to 14 em. wide, usually lobed from a half
198 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsToRY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
to two-thirds their length, rarely about one-third (lobes variable,
oblanceolate, oblong, or ovate, rounded or obtuse, mucronulate, the
middle lobe slightly longer than the lateral lobes, the latter sometimes
bilobulate), cordulate or subtruncate at base, 3-nerved, minutely
ocellate beneath, membranous or subcoriaceous; peduncles solitary
or in pairs, 1 to 3 cm. long; bracts setaceous, 1 to 3 mm. long, dissitate
in upper half of peduncle, subpersistent; flowers 2 to 2.5 em. wide,
greenish yellow; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 1.2 cm. long, 2 to 3
mm. wide, obtuse; petals linear, 6 to 8 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide;
corona filaments in 2 series, the outer filiform, 7 to 9 mm. long,
knobbed at apex, the inner filiform, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long; operculum
membranous, closely plicate, incurved; limen annular; ovary globose
or ovoid, glabrous; fruit subglobose, 8 to 10 mm. long, purplish
black; seeds obcordate, about 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, transversely
sulcate, the grooves 6 or 7.
TYPE LOCALITY: Comanche Spring, Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Texas and New Mexico to northern
Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Texas: Wright 217 (Bo, G, Gen, N), 218 (G, N); Havard (N).
Comanche Spring, Lindheimer 817 (type, B, BM, Bo, Brux, Cop,
F, G, Gen, K,N,P, Penn, V). Fort Clark, Mearns 1439 (N).—Fayette
County: Matthes 274 (P,V).—Kimble County: Telegraph, EF. J. Palmer
10942 (N).—Bexar County: San Antonio, EF’. D. Schulz 401 (N).
New Mexico: Dona Ana County: Parry (N).
Mexico: Tamaulipas: El Milagro, Bartlett 11094 (N).—Nuevo
Leon: Monterrey, Mueller & Mueller 100 (F).
This species, confined almost wholly to river valleys of southern
Texas, is often confused with P. lutea. In the type specimen the
leaves are lobed to much below the middle, the lobes being oblanceo-
late, narrowed at the base, quite unlike any leaf forms of P. lutea.
In other specimens, however, the leaves occasionally are shaped
much as in typical P. lutea. The most satisfactory distinguishing
character between the two is the absence of bracts in P. lutea and
their presence in P. affinis, persisting longer than in many of the
species of this section. The presence of a distinct knob at the tips
of the outer corona filaments of P. affinis and its apparent absence
in P. lutea is another point of differentiation.
In Bartlett 11094 the uppermost bract on some of the peduncles
is oval, about 4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, and is of the coloring,
texture, and venation of the leaves—an unusual development.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 199
94. Passiflora bucaramangensis Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
20: 376. 1930.
Plant essentially glabrous throughout; stem slightly trigonous,
striate, minutely scabrid; stipules narrowly linear-falcate or almost
setaceous, 1 to 2 mm. long, reddish purple; petioles slender, 1 to 2.5
cm. long, glandless; leaves transversely oblong, 1 to 3 cm. long, 3 to
7 em. wide, 3-lobed about a third their length (lobes subequal or
the middle lobe slightly the longest, 1 to 2 cm. wide, rounded or
truncate, sometimes emarginate at apex), truncate or cordate at
base, 3-nerved (nerves and veins usually prominent beneath),
ocellate beneath, subcoriaceous, drying green; peduncles in pairs,
about 1.5 cm. long, very slender; bracts setaceous, about 1 mm.
long, scattered, persistent; flowers about 2 em. wide; sepals linear-
oblong, about 10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, obtuse, grass-green, pale
at margin; petals oblong, 5 to 6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, obtuse, white;
corona filaments in 2 series, the outer filaments narrowly linear-
clavate, 4 to 5 mm. long, deep purple below, green at the slightly
enlarged tip, the inner filaments filiform, 2 to 3 mm. long, grass-
green; operculum closely plicate, denticulate, deep purple; limen
annular, green; ovary globose; fruit globose, 8 to 9 mm. in diameter;
seeds obcordate, 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, transversely 5-sulcate,
the ridges rugulose.
TYPE LOCALITY: La Baja, north of Bucaramanga, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, in the general
vicinity of Bucaramanga, between 1,500 and 2,400 meters altitude.
COLOMBIA: Eastern Cordillera, Dawe 332 (K, N).—Santander:
Mesa de Los Santos, Killip & Smith 153864 (N). La Baja, Killip
& Smith 16787 (A, G, N, type, Y). California, Killip & Smith
17046 (G, N, Y), 18842 (BM, G, N, Y). Tona, Killip & Smith 19508
(G, N).
This is distinguished from P. erythrophylla by the smaller,
globose fruit, the rounded or truncate leaf lobes, the intermediate
one being well developed, and the absence of the reddish hue to the
foliage. The outline of the leaves of P. bucaramangensis and P.
obtusiloba is very similar, but the coronal structure is different.
95. Passiflora obtusiloba Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 554.
1872.
Passiflora Niorbo Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17: 156, foot-
note. 18738.
200 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Stem angulate, striate, finely pilosulous or glabrescent below,
densely pubescent toward ends; stipules setaceous, 3 to 4 mm.
long; petioles up to 6 mm. long, glandless; leaves 1 to 2.5 cm. long,
2 to 5 em. wide, 3-lobed about one-third their length (lobes subequal,
up to 2.5 em. wide at base, rounded), slightly cordate at base, 3-
nerved, conspicuously reticulate-veined, ocellate, coriaceous, lustrous
above, glabrous, sometimes very sparingly pilosulous on the nerves
beneath; peduncles in pairs, up to 1 cm. long, slender, hirtellous;
bracts setaceous, about 1.5 mm. long; flowers small, 1.5 to 2 cm.
wide; calyx tube brownish purple without; sepals narrowly
oblong, 7 to 9 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse, yellowish
green, without finely pilosulous or glabrescent; petals linear-spatu-
late, 4 to 7 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, obtuse, light green; corona
filaments in 2 series, the outer terete, not dilated, about 4 mm. long,
yellow-green, the inner 1.5 to 2 mm. long, filiform, minutely capitel-
late; operculum closely plicate, purple, white at margin; limen
annular, purple; ovary obovoid, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Peru.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of central Peru, between 2,500 and
3,500 meters altitude.
PERU: Pavén (BM, type, Bo).—Junin: Tarma, Weberbauer 1735
(B); Killip & Smith 21943 (F, N, Y). Palea, Stevens 40 (N).
Huasahuasi, Dombey 735 (B, Gen, Ma, P, type of P. Niorbo).—
Ayacucho: Quinua, Weberbauer 5545 (B).
Passiflora obtustloba closely resembles P. Lobbii in leaf form and
general habit. The leaves of P. obtusiloba are blunter; there are no
petiolar glands; the corona is 2-ranked, not 3-ranked; and the outer
filaments are green throughout, not purple in the lower half.
This species has been redescribed by Harms (Repert. Sp. Nov.
19: 25. 1923). See also discussion under P. Lobbit.
LOCAL NAME: “‘Niorbo.’’
96. Passiflora Standleyi Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 110.
1924.
Plant essentially glabrous throughout; stem subquadrangular,
striate, minutely pubescent above; stipules narrowly linear-falcate,
2 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide; petioles 1.5 to 2.6 cm. long, glandless;
leaves oblong, bilobed one-half to two-thirds their length, 2.5 to 5
em. along midnerve, 6 to 12 cm. along lateral nerves, 4 to 5 cm.
between apices of lobes (lobes lanceolate, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, obtuse
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 201
or acutish, apiculate), rounded or subcuneate at base, 3-nerved,
ocellate, reticulate-veined; peduncles slender, 2 to 3 cm. long; bracts
setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long, borne within 1 cm. of apex of peduncle;
flowers 3 to 4 em. wide, bluish purple; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1 to
1.5 em. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse; petals half as long as sepals,
obtuse; corona filaments capillary, in 2 series, the outer 4 to 7 mm.
long, blue at base, white, spotted with blue at apex, the inner very
numerous, 4 to 5 mm. long, white; operculum membranous, closely
plicate, minutely fimbrillate; limen annular, 1 mm. high; ovary sub-
globose; fruit globose, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter; seeds ovate or ovate-
oblong, about 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, transversely sulcate with
about 7 straight, rugulose ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Volcan de San Salvador, Salvador.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Salvador and Costa Rica, between
1,000 and 2,000 meters altitude.
SALVADOR: Volcan de San Salvador, Standley 22821 (N, type);
Calderén in 1922 (N).. Ahuachapan, Padilla 162 (N). Volcan de
San Vicente, Standley 21475 (N).
Costa Rica: Between Aserri and Tarbaca, San José, Standley
84146 (N).
In foliage P. Standleyi resembles P. ornithoura and P. tuberosa.
From these it differs in its bluish purple flowers and the elongate,
filiform filaments of the outer corona. Both P. ornithoura and P.
tuberosa have white flowers with short, strap-shaped filaments.
From P. salvadorensis, P. Standleyi is distinguished by its propor-
tionally narrower leaves and a totally dissimilar coronal structure.
LOCAL NAME: “‘Calzoncillo.”’
97. Passiflora mexicana Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 108. pl. 38,
f. 2. 1805.
Passiflora Contrayerva J. E. Sm. in Rees, Cyclop. 26: Passiflora
No. 23. 1819.
Monactineirma mexicana Bory, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2:
138. pl. 22, f. 6. 1819.
Cieca mexicana M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 146. 1846.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem subquinquangular, grooved;
stipules setaceous or narrowly linear, 1.5 to 2 mm. long; petioles 1 to
2 cm. long, glandless; leaves bilobed one-half or more their length
(lobes oblong, occasionally linear, 0.5 to 4 cm. wide, obtuse, rarely
dilated near apex and slightly emarginate, suberect and nearly
202 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
parallel or slightly divergent; length along midnerve 0.5 to 4 em.,
along lateral nerves 3 to 8 cm.), 3 to 8 em. wide, rounded or truncate
at base, 3-nerved, ocellate (1 to 3 pairs) beneath, glabrous, dark
green above, paler beneath; peduncles solitary or in pairs, 2 to 3 cm.
long; bracts minute, setaceous, deciduous; flowers 2.5 to 4 em. wide;
calyx patelliform, about 1 cm. wide, deep reddish purple within;
sepals narrowly lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 em. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, green
to red without, white within; petals much shorter than the sepals,
recurved; corona filaments in 2 series, filiform, the outer about 1.5
cm. long, nearly as long as the sepals, rich pink to deep crimson, subre-
flexed, the inner 2 mm. long, erect; operculum closely plicate, strongly
incurved, white, pink-tinged toward margin, minutely fimbrillate;
limen annular, 1.5 mm. or less high, white; ovary globose, glabrous;
fruit globose, 0.6 to 1.2 cm. in diameter; seeds ovate, 3 mm. long, 2
mm. wide, transversely sulcate with 7 or 8 irregular ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Acapulco, Mexico.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Hernandez, Rer. Medic. Nov. Hisp. Thes. 301;
Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: pl. 38, f. 2; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2:
1H. 22, Fk, 6:
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Arizona to central Mexico.
ARIZONA: Griffiths 6997 (Mo). Titcomb Lake, Stalmach 191 (N).
Galluro Mountains, Towmey in 1894 (N). Rillita Valley, Pringle 274
(G). Tueson, Peebles & Harrison 2664 (N); Lemmon 44 (F, G).
Huachuca, Peebles, Harrison & Kearney 3511 (N). Santa Rita
Mountains, Griffiths & Thornber 81 (N). Santa Catalina Mountains,
J. A. Harris C16517 (Minn, N); Thornber 225 (Minn); Lemmon in
1881 (K, N).
Mexico: Née (Ma); Haenke 871 (Pr). Tacubaya, Ehrenberg 1084
(B).—Sonora: Northwest mountains, Pringle in 1884 (Bo, Brux, F,
G, N, Penn, Ph, Y), in 1885 (B, Gen, K). San José de Guaymas,
Palmer 260 (Cop, N, 8). Arroyo Hondo, Hartman 214 (G, K, N,
Penn). Tubac, Thurber 704 (F, G, Y). San Rafael, Wiggins 5929
(N).—Sinaloa: Mazatlan, Wright 1229 (Cal, F, G, N), 1230 (G, N);
Ortega 6376 (N, Ph); Brandegee 1231 (Cal); Rose 13753 (G, Gen,
N), in 1897 (N). Culiacdn, Palmer 1794 (F, G, N, 8, Y). Choix,
Montes & Salazar 877 (N). Cofradia, Brandegee in 1904 (Cal).—
Jalisco: Between Bolafios and Guadalajara, Rose 3017 (G, K, N).
—Veracruz: Zordillo, Liebmann 4112 (Cop). Monserrate, Purpus
10211 (B, K, N, 8, Y).—Puebla: Between Piaxtla and Amolac,
Nelson 2020 (G, N).—Mexico: Ypericones, Hinton 3652 (N).—
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 203
Colima: Manzanillo, Ferris 6154 (N).—Guerrero: Acapulco, Hum-
boldt & Bonpland (B, P, type); Thiébaut 1118 (P); Palmer 314
(Cal, F, G, K, N); Jolis in 1866 (Bo).
The earliest reference to this plant is apparently that of Hernan-
dez in 1651 (Rer. Medic. Nov. Hisp. Thes. 301), who described and
illustrated it under the name coanenepilli or contraverva. Linnaeus
(Amoen. ed. 3, 1: 234. 1768) cited this reference under P. normalis
L., a Jamaican species. Later Jussieu pointed out that Linnaeus’
description of P. normalis could not possibly apply to the Mexican
plant figured by Hernandez, which was probably still undescribed.
He accordingly described, as a new species, P. mexicana, basing his
description upon material collected at Acapulco by Humboldt and
Bonpland, and citing Herndndez’s plant as an additional example.
He stated that, according to Bonpland’s observation, P. mexicana
was apetalous and the corona filaments were in a single series only,
a condition indicated by an illustration accompanying the descrip-
tion. Although I did not dissect flowers of the type specimen in the
Jussieu Herbarium, there can be little doubt that Jussieu was in
error, and that the plant in reality bears petals and a 2-ranked corona.
The large number of specimens cited above show great uniformity,
though in a few (as Thiébaut 1118 and Purpus 10211) many of the
leaves are lobed nearly to the base, the lobes being very slender;
in this respect they closely resemble Jamaican specimens of
“P. normalis” (P. perfoliata var. normalis).
98. Passiflora anfracta Mast. ex André, Journ. Linn. Soc. 20: 38.
1883.
Stem subangular, flexuous, striate, densely grayish-pilosulous;
stipules setaceous, soon deciduous; petioles 3 to 6 mm. long, gland-
less; leaves transversely oblong in general outline, 3 to 4 cm. along
midnerve, 5 to 6 cm. along lateral nerves, 7 to 9 cm. between apices
of lateral lobes, truncately bilobed (lobes ovate-triangular, divergent),
cordulate, ocellate, biglandular at margin at insertion on petiole,
coriaceous, glabrous above, densely grayish-pilosulous beneath;
peduncles solitary, about 3 mm. long, stout; bracts linear-setaceous,
2 to 3 mm. long, slightly lobed; flowers white or yellowish; sepals
oblong, obtuse; petals similar to the sepals, smaller; corona filaments
liguliform, subequaling the petals; operculum fleshy; limen wanting.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mt. Chimborazo, Ecuador.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type specimen.
204 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VoL. XIX
ECUADOR: Chimborazo: Rio de La Mona, western slope of Mt.
Chimborazo, André 4066 (K, type).
The position of this species must remain in doubt until more
material has been collected. The type specimen includes a very
young bud and a single, badly preserved flower, which, presumably,
was in a little better condition at the time Masters drew his diag-
nosis. The shape of the leaves is almost identical with that of typical
P. vespertiio but, according to Masters, the corona is quite dis-
similar. Masters mentions only a single rank of corona filaments,
but a second rank may originally have been present.
99. Passiflora Andersonii DC. Prodr. 3: 326. 1828.
Decaloba Andersonit M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 158. 1846.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem angulate, compressed, some-
what flexuous; stipules setaceous, 2 to 8 mm. long, deciduous;
petioles up to 3 cm. long, glandless; leaves 2 to 5 cm. along midnerve,
4 to 6.5 em. along lateral nerves, 5 to 8 cm. at greatest width, truncate
at upper margin or shallowly 2 (rarely 3)-lobed (lobes rounded,
mucronulate), rounded or subtruncate at base, 3-nerved, ocellate,
membranous, glaucous beneath; peduncles solitary or in pairs, up to
3 em. long, articulate just below apex; bracts setaceous, 2 to 3 mm.
long, dissitate; flowers 3 to 3.5 cm. wide; sepals ovate-lanceolate,
about 1.5 em. long and 5 mm. wide, obtuse; petals linear-oblong,
about half as long as the sepals, 2 mm. wide, white; corona filaments
in 2 series, the outer narrowly ligulate, about 5 mm. long, dilated
just above middle, those of the inner series filiform, about 3 mm.
long, flat, slightly dilated at apex; operculum closely plicate, denticu-
late; limen narrowly annular; ovary globose, glabrous; fruit globose,
1 to 1.5 em. in diameter; seeds ovate-obcordate, about 4 mm. long,
2 mm. wide, transversely 9—11-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: St. Lucia.
DISTRIBUTION: Lesser Antilles.
GUADELOUPE: Duss 2227 (F, N, Ph, Y), 3871 (Y); L’Herminier
(Bo).
MARTINIQUE: Hahn 177, in part (B, BM, Gen), 865 (BM, Gen,
P); Isert in 1787 (Cop); Duss 871, in part (B, F, N); Mouret 211 (P);
Bélanger 634 (P).
St. Lucia: Anderson (BM, K, type).
St. VINCENT: H. H. Smith 1876 (Y); G. W. Smith 736 (K).
Most of this material has been referred to P. rotundifolia, and
the specific name P. Andersonit has generally been overlooked.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 205
Passiflora Andersonii is glabrous throughout, and the leaves are
broader than long; P. rotundifolia is densely pubescent, and the
leaves are nearly orbicular. The Duss specimens are confusing, as
he distributed specimens of both species with a single label bearing
two or more collection numbers.
100. Passiflora micropetala Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1:
585. 1872.
Stem compressed, flexuous, glabrous; petioles 4 to 6 mm. long,
glandless; leaves semi-orbicular, about 6.5 cm. long and 9 cm. wide,
truncate at apex, obsoletely 3-lobed, mucronate, cordate at base,
ocellate with 2 glands near base, membranous, green above, wine-
red beneath, glabrous(?); peduncles solitary or in pairs; bracts
unknown; flowers white; sepals triangular, broad, erect; petals ovate,
small, white; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer clavate, obtuse,
white, green at base, the inner ones few, filiform; operculum plicate,
fimbriate at the apex; ovary globose; fruit globose, about 1.5 cm.
in diameter.
TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Japura, State of Amazonas, Brazil (type
collected by Martius).
This is one of the few species maintained as valid by Masters in
the Flora Brasiliensis that I know only from description. The semi-
orbicular, obscurely 3-lobed leaves suggest several species in Plecto-
stemma, but all these differ in one or more details from other char-
acters given by Masters. The position it should occupy in the present
treatment is doubtful.
101. Passiflora rotundifolia L. Sp. Pl. 957. 1753.
Decaloba rotundifolia M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 159. 1846.
Plant densely ferruginous-tomentose nearly throughout, or the
older portions becoming merely pilosulous; stem angulate; stipules
setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long, deciduous; petioles 1 to 3 cm. long, gland-
less; leaves suborbicular, 3 to 7 cm. long and wide, obscurely 3-lobed
at apex (lobes rounded, mucronulate, the middle one subequaling
or shorter than the lateral), rounded or subtruncate at base, 3-nerved,
ocellate, membranous or subcoriaceous, minutely pilosulous and
dull above, densely pilosulous beneath, especially on nerves, or
ferruginous-tomentose; peduncles usually in pairs, 1 to 2.5 cm.
long, articulate near apex; bracts setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long, at
length deciduous; flowers 2.5 to 3 em. wide, white; sepals linear-
lanceolate, 4 to 5 mm. wide at base, obtuse, dorsally green at center,
206 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
white at margin, white within; petals linear, about one-third as
long as sepals, barely 2 mm. wide, obtuse, white; corona filaments
in 2 series, the outer narrowly linear or almost filiform, 3 to 4 mm.
long, subequal to the petals, flat, white, the inner filiform, 2 to 2.5
mm. long, not dilated at apex, very numerous, green; operculum
closely plicate, denticulate at margin; nectar ring a fleshy ridge
close to limen; limen annular, similar to but narrower than nectar
ring; ovary globose, densely brown-pilose; fruit globose, about 1 cm.
in diameter.
TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘America australiori,’’ but probably one of the
Lesser Antilles.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Plum. Pl. Amer. ed. Burm. pl. 138, f. 1; Cav.
Diss. 10: pl. 290.
DISTRIBUTION: Lesser Antilles.
GUADELOUPE: Duchassaing (Cop, Gen); Duss 605 (P), 2228
(B, Y), 3605 (B, Y); Stehlé 123 (Y).
MARTINIQUE: Siebert (V); Duss 871, in part (Y); Hahn 177, in
part (BM, Bo, K, P, Gen,.V).
St. VINCENT: H. H. Smith 732 (B, G, J); Guilding (K);
Bertero (V).
GRENADA: Muller 317 (N).
A number of variable specimens from widely separated localities
have been referred to P. rotundifolia. Linnaeus’ description in the
Species Plantarum says merely:
“‘Passifiora foliis subtrilobis obtusis subrotundis.
“Granadilla folio hederaceo, flore albo, fructo globoso villoso.
Plum. spec. 6. Barr. obs. praef. 1. titul. f. 2.
“* Habitat in America australiori.”’
The Plumier plate cited by Linnaeus shows a plant with nearly
orbicular leaves and a pilose ovary. The Brazilian specimens and
those from northern South America often referred to this species
differ not only in leaf shape and in indument but also in various
other details, and are referable mainly to P. Pohlii and P. cuneata,
respectively. The glabrous plant from the West Indies, described
by Swartz as “‘P. rotundifolia,’ and considered by De Candolle
a variety of P. rotundifolia L., is P. penduliflora. The Jamaican
specimen in the Linnean Herbarium labeled “P. rotundifolia’ by
Solander is P. penduliflora; it was not in Linnaeus’ possession in
1758. Passiflora rotundifolia apparently is confined to the Lesser
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 207
Antilles, and is characterized by nearly orbicular leaves, a dense
indument, and a brown-pilose ovary. Urban has called attention
(Symb. Ant. 3: 325) to the inaccurate description of the flower parts
given by Masters in Flora Brasiliensis.
102. Passiflora Pohlii Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 586. 1872.
(?)Passiflora obtusa Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: pl. 81. 1827, plate only.
(?)Decaloba obtusa M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 155. 1846.
Passiflora rotundifolia L. sensu Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1:
587. 1872, in greater part. Not P. rotundifolia L.
Passiflora tristis Mart. ex Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1:
587. 1872, as synonym.
Stem subtriangular, finely pilosulous or villosulous; stipules
linear-subulate, 2 to 3 mm. long, subfalcate; petioles 1 to 2.5 cm.
long, glandless, finely pilosulous or villosulous; leaves 3 to 7 cm.
along midnerve, 4 to 8 cm. along lateral nerves, 3.5 to 9 cm. between
apices of lobes, variable in outline, suborbicular to ovate-oblong,
truncate at apex, undulately 3-lobed, or distinctly 3-lobed (lobes,
if present, rounded or subacute, mucronulate), rounded or subacute
at base, 3-nerved, reticulate-veined (veins pale and usually minutely
scabrellous above), ocellate with a pair of conspicuous, black glands
at base, sparingly ocellate elsewhere, membranous, glabrous above,
densely pilosulous or villosulous beneath; peduncles solitary or in
pairs, 1 to 2 cm. long; bracts setaceous, 2 to 4 mm. long; flowers
2 to 2.5 em. wide; sepals linear-lanceolate, 10 to 15 mm. long, 4 to 5
mm. wide, obtuse, densely pilosulous without; petals linear, about
7 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, white; corona filaments in 2 series, the
outer filiform or very narrowly ligulate, subequal to the petals, the
inner filiform, 2 to 3 mm. long; operculum plicate, denticulate; limen
fleshy, lobulate, nearly 1 mm. high; ovary subglobose, glabrous;
fruit globose, up to 1.2 cm. in diameter; seeds ovate, about 4 mm.
long and 2 mm. wide, transversely 6-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cavalcante, Goyaz, Brazil (type, Pohl 2186).
ILLUSTRATION: (?) Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: pl. 81. _
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Bolivia to central and southern Brazil.
BRITISH GUIANA: Cultivated at Botanic Gardens, Jenman
4221 (BG).
BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Velasco, 200 meters, Kwnize in 1892
(N;: Y).
208 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
BRAZIL: Hoffmannsegg (BW); Sello 2128 (B). Alto Macaché,
Glaziou 18254 (B, Cop, K). Copa Caboma, Nadeaud in 1862 (P).—
Matto Grosso: Cuyaba, Martius 1220 (B, BM, Brux, Gen, K, S, Y);
Malme in 1902 (S), in 1903 (S); Weddell 2896 (P).—Minas Geraes:
Claussen 376 (P, S); St. Hilaire 1955 (P). Lagoa Santa, Warming
1160 (Cop, N); Barreto 878 (N); Glaziow (P); Archer 3608 (NA).
Tejuco, Burchell 5904 (K, P). Botanical Garden, Bello Horizonte,
Barreto 877 (N), 880 (N).—S&o Paulo: Araroguara, Léfgren 1015
(Cop). Tatuly, Hoehne 1387 (B).
I am in doubt as to whether all the specimens here listed represent
a single species and whether any of them are correctly referable to
P. Pohlii. This species is described very briefly by Masters, the
type specimen not being in flower, and is represented in the Kew
Herbarium only by a drawing of a single leaf and an ovary. The
dimensions of this leaf are 6.5 cm. long, 9.5 em. wide, a proportion
which holds true for Warming 1160-3 and Léfgren 1015. In this
form the upper margin is almost a straight line. Martius 1220 has
nearly orbicular leaves, subcuneate at the base, and the upper margin
is undulately 3-lobed. In Warming 1160-2 the leaves are propor-
tionately longer, distinctly and subacutely 3-lobed, and subcuneate
at thebase. The pubescence, leaf venation, and flower structure, the
latter being imperfectly shown in the Martius and Lofgren specimens,
seem essentially the same in all of this material. The variation in
foliage is not sufficient to justify the recognition of separate species.
This species is easily confused with P. tricuspis, but the inner
corona filaments are far slenderer than in P. tricuspis, the indument
is denser, and the stem is not at all roughened. Both have much
the same variation in the form of the leaves.
Many of these sheets were cited as P. rotundifolia L. by Masters,
and bear the names “P. rotundifolia L.” and “‘P. tristis Mart.” in
Masters’ handwriting. In indument, leaf venation, glabrous ovary,
size of flowers, and coronal structure the specimens differ greatly
from typical P. rotundifolia L., confined to the Lesser Antilles.
Passiflora obtusa Vell. is perhaps this species. From the drawing
it appears to be a glabrous plant, and may be a form of P. organensis,
to which it was doubtfully referred by Masters.
Section 4. Xerogona
103. Passiflora cobanensis Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14:
111. 1924.
Stem slender, 4—5-angulate, finely pubescent with curved, grayish
hairs; tendrils weak, densely pubescent; stipules lanceolate, sub-
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE . 209
faleate, 8 to 9 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, acuminate, conspicuously
5-7-nerved; petioles 8 to 10 mm. long, glandless, pubescent; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, 7 to 10 cm. long, 2.5 to 3.5 em. wide, unlobed,
attenuate-acuminate, rounded at base, 3-nerved, faintly reticulate-
veined, without ocellae, membranous, glabrous and sublustrous
above, finely pubescent beneath with curved, grayish brown hairs;
peduncles 1.5 em. long; bracts none; flowers about 2.2 cm. wide,
greenish; sepals linear-lanceolate, 10 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, acute,
pubescent without; petals lanceolate, 5 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide,
obtuse; corona filaments in a single series, linear-clavate, 2.5 mm.
long; operculum membranous, plicate; limen annular; ovary obovoid,
subangulate, densely tomentellous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Between Chama and Coban, Alta Verapaz,
Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in northern
Guatemala.
GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Between Chama and Coban, 950
meters, H. Johnson 411 (N, type).
Although this specimen is not in fruit, the absence of glands either
on the petioles or in the form of ocellae on the leaf blades and the
absence of bracts indicate the relationship of P. cobanensis with
P. capsularis. There is a specimen in the National Herbarium,
collected near San José, Costa Rica, by H. Pittier (Inst. Phys.
Geog. Costa Rica 16675), which closely resembles P. cobanensis, but
its leaves are unequally 2-lobed to below the middle. The lobes of
this specimen are lanceolate, acuminate, 1.5 to 2 em. wide, the
distance between the tips of the lobes being about 7 cm.
In the present arrangement this is the first species of a well
marked section of Plectostemma, for which I have used Rafinesque’s
name Xerogona, typified by P. capsularis. The correlation of gland-
less petioles and transversely sulcate seeds characterizes this section
as it does Decaloba, but the ridges of the seeds are smooth, the pedun-
cles are always bractless, and the fruit is decidedly elongate.
104. Passiflora brevipes Killip, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461:
312. pl. 2. 1986.
Plant closely short-velutinous throughout; stem triangular;
stipules linear-lanceolate, 5 to 7 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, coria-
ceous, persistent; petioles 8 to 10 mm. long, glandless; leaf blades
ovate-lanceolate, 5 to 8 em. long, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, acute or acumi-
nate, cordulate, entire, thickened at margin, 3-nerved, conspicuously
210 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
reticulate (nerves and veins elevated beneath), coriaceous, light
green in color when dry; the flowers 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, greenish
white, in pairs on the main stem or on short, axillary, and
nearly leafless branches 4 to 5 cm. long, the pedicels 4 to 5
mm. long, bractless; sepals linear, 8 to 9 mm. long, 2 to 2.5 mm.
- wide; petals narrowly linear, 3 to 4 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide;
corona filaments in a single series, subulate, 2.5 to 3 mm. long;
operculum 1 mm. high, plicate, slightly incurved; ovary narrowly
ovoid; fruit ovoid, about 4 cm. long, 1.8 cm. in diameter, attenuate
at base, short-stipitate, hexagonal; seeds ovate, 4 to 5 mm. long,
2 mm. wide, transversely sulcate with 6-7 smooth ridges, black,
and lustrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jacinto Hills, British Honduras.
ILLUSTRATION: Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: pl. 2.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.
BRITISH HONDURAS: Jacinto Hills, 120 meters, Schipp 1304 (F,
type, G, Gen, Mich).
The only other species with unlobed leaves in this small group
is P. cobanensis, which differs in indument, shape and texture of
the leaves, and shape of the corona filaments.
105. Passiflora costaricensis Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:
257. 1922.
Stem 3-angled, flattened, hirsute, at least along the angles, with
long, spreading, light brown hairs, glabrescent below; stipules subu-
late, 6 to 8 mm. long; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm. long, densely hirsute,
glandless; leaves oblong, ovate, or suborbicular-ovate in general
outline, 9 to 13 cm. long, 7 to 11 cm. wide, 2-lobed (lobes deltoid,
acute or acuminate, mucronate, extending about one-third the length
of blade, ascending, the terminal sinus lunate or nearly semicircular),
at base rounded, 3-nerved, membranous, hirsute, especially beneath;
peduncles solitary, 1.5 cm. long, articulate at middle, sparingly
pilose; bracts none; flowers 4.5 to 5 cm. wide; sepals linear-lanceolate,
2 cm. long, 0.4 cm. wide, obtuse, hirsute without, glabrous within,
the central portion dark green, the margin hyaline, white; petals linear-
oblong, 8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, obtuse, hyaline; corona filaments
in a single series, narrowly ligulate, as long as the petals; operculum
membranous, closely plicate, the margin incurved; limen annular;
ovary minutely puberulent; fruit ellipsoidal, 7 to 8 cm. long, 1 to
1.5 em. in diameter at middle, long-tapering at both ends, at length
glabrous; seeds slightly flattened, narrowly oblong, 3 mm. long, 1.5
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 211
mm. wide, black, shining, transversely suleate with 6 or 7 ridges,
the ridges smooth, parallel, the axis curved, the beak 0.9 mm. long,
recurved.
TYPE LOCALITY: Shirores, Talamanca, Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala to Costa Rica, near sea level.
GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Cubilquitz, Tiirckheim 7877 (G, N).
HonpbuRas: Tela, Atlantida, Standley 52806 (N).
Costa Rica: Tonduz 9594 (Brux). Shirores, Talamanca, Tonduz
9327 (Brux, N, type). Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, Tonduz 13146
(B, Bo, N, V). La Colombiana Farm, Limon, Standley 36989 (N).
Livingston, Rowlee & Stork 723 (N, Y). Florida, Rowlee & Stork
619 (N).
The fruit of this species and the seed sculpturing indicate a close
relationship with Passiflora capsularis, the principal differences
lying in the shape of the leaves and character of the indument. In
P. costaricensis the leaves are longer than broad and are round at
the base; they have a nearly semicircular sinus, formed by relatively
approximate lobes. In P. capsularis the leaves are broader than long,
and are cordate at the base; they have an irregularly shaped sinus,
formed by widely divergent lobes, and a more or less prominent
intermediate lobe. The pubescence of the former is usually much
denser and of much longer hairs than that of the latter.
106. Passiflora goniosperma Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:
424, 1927.
Plant densely hirsutulous throughout, the hairs of the stem often
recurved or retrorse; stem subtriangular, tortuous; stipules linear-
lanceolate, 4 to 6 mm. long, up to 1 mm. wide, aristate, subfalcate;
petioles 5 mm. long or less, glandless; leaves oblong in general out-
line, 2-lobed one-quarter to one-third their length, 1.5 to 4.5 em.
along midnerve, 2 to 6 cm. along lateral nerves, 2 to 4 cm. between
tips of lobes (lobes obtuse, mucronulate, the sinus truncate or slightly
rounded, occasionally emarginate, often mucronulate at end of
midnerve), scabrellous and densely hirsute above with subappressed,
white hairs, swollen at base, usually pilose-hirsute and paler beneath;
flowers in pairs on short (2 em.), axillary, leafy branches, rarely
on the main stem; bracts none; flowers 1.5 cm. wide or less; sepals
lanceolate, about 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, acute, hirsutulous without;
petals narrowly linear, 3 to 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; corona filaments
in a single series, liguliform, 2 mm. long; operculum membranous,
212 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
‘closely plicate, white; limen annular; ovary ovoid, longitudinally
6-grooved, white-puberulent; fruit asymmetrically ellipsoidal, up to
4 em. long and about 1 cm. wide, sharply 6-angled, long-tapering
at ends; seeds obovate, 3 to 4 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, blackish,
lustrous, narrowed at both ends, the axis more or less curved, the
lateral margins thin-winged, the central portion of each face elevated,
forming a sharp-toothed ridge (hence the seed quadrangular in
cross section).
TYPE LOCALITY: Nifia de Dolores, Oaxaca, Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico. =
MExIco: Oaxaca: Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Jiirgensen 866
(BM, K). Nifia de Dolores, Iiebmann 4076 (Passiflora No. 29; Cop,
type). Santa Gertrudis, Liebmann 4075 (Passiflora No. 30; Cop).
Sierra de Ixtlan, Conzatti in 1918 (G, Mo, N). Tepanzacuales,
Conzatti (G).
The seeds of P. goniosperma differ markedly from those of other
American species of Passiflora. Each of the two faces has the appear-
ance of being compressed laterally to form a narrow, longitudinal
ridge; the transverse ridges, normally extending from margin to
margin in the species of the subgenus Plectostemma with sulcate
seeds, are reduced to a row of teeth along this longitudinal ridge.
The ellipsoidal, 6-angled fruit, the absence of bracts, and the general
aspect of the plant, however, show a rather close relationship with
P. capsularis, the species to which the type specimen of P. gonio-
sperma was referred by Masters. In addition to the seed characters,
other marks which distinguish it from P. capsularis are the smaller
leaves, with rounded, subparallel lobes (lobes usually acute, divergent
in P. capsularis).
107. Passiflora Conzattiana Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:
425. 1927.
Stem slender, terete, pilosulous, becoming glabrate, reddish;
stipules setaceous, about 4 mm. long; petioles 0.8 to 2 cm. long,
densely pilosulous, glandless; leaves 2 to 5 em. long, 3 to 8 em. wide,
2-lobed (lobes acute, rarely subobtuse, widely divergent, the sinus
shallowly semilunate or the upper margin nearly truncate, an
intermediate lobe occasionally present), cordate, 3-nerved (nerves
often terminating in a short cusp), thin-membranous, sparingly
setose above, densely grayish-pubescent beneath, especially on the
nerves and veins; peduncles solitary or in pairs, slender, up to 2 cm.
long; bracts none; flowers small, 1 to 1.8 em. wide, greenish white,
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 213
densely spotted with red; sepals linear-lanceolate, 8 to 10 mm.
long, 2 mm. wide; petals linear-lanceolate, 4 to 5 mm. long, 1.5 mm.
wide; corona filaments in a single series, relatively few, liguliform,
3 to 4 mm. long, 0.4 mm. wide, deep purple in the lower two-thirds,
yellow in the upper third; operculum membranous, erect, closely
plicate, red below, pale yellow or white above, minutely fimbrillate;
limen incurved, denticulate; ovary narrowly ovoid, densely puberu-
lent or tomentulose; fruit narrowly ellipsoidal, about 5 cm. long
(including the long, slender stipe and the caudate tip), 1 cm. in
diameter, 6-angled, finely pubescent, at length glabrous; seeds
broadly obcordate or suborbicular, 1.5 to 2 mm. long and wide,
transversely 5—6-grooved, the ridges smooth.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mirador, Veracruz, Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: East-central Mexico.
Mexico: Haenke 879 (Pr).—San Luis Potosi: Las Canoas,
Pringle 3638 (G).—Hidalgo: Chapulhuacan, Lundell & Lundell 7156
(N).—Veracruz: Mirador, Purpus 8804 (F, G, N, type, Y); Galeotti
8658 (Brux); Ghiesbreght 62 (P); Linden 752, in part (K). Jalapa,
1,200 meters, Rose & Hough 4260 (N), 4938 (N); Pringle 7840 (N);
Schiede (B, cited by Schlechtendal and Chamisso as ‘“Passiflora
rubra? L.”’ in Linnaea 5: 88. 1830). Tortula, Liebmann 4154 (Passi-
flora No. 28; Cop).
The principal points of difference between this species and P. cap-
sularis and P. rubra are much smaller flowers, smaller leaves nearly
truncate at the upper margin, and nearly orbicular rather than oblong
seeds. Several of the specimens here cited were distributed as
P. rubra, a species frequent in the West Indies and South America
but apparently not found in Mexico.
108. Passiflora Rovirosae Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:
259. 1922.
Stem 5-angled, striate, glabrate below, pilosulous above; stipules
faleate-subulate, 8 to 10 mm. long, soon deciduous; petioles 1.5 to
2 em. long, densely pubescent, glandless; leaves subtruncate-ovate
in general outline, 8 to 15 em. long, 6 to 9 em. wide, bilobate (lobes
one-eighth to one-quarter the length of blade, suberect, acute,
mucronulate), deeply cordate, slightly narrowed toward apex, mem-
branous, above dark green, glabrate, or puberulent on the nerves,
pale and grayish-villosulous beneath; peduncles 1 to 1.5 em. long,
1-flowered, in pairs on short, axillary, sometimes leafy, puberulent
branches 1 to 2 cm. long, the inflorescence thus appearing racemose;
214 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
bracts none; flowers 3 to 4 cm. wide, yellowish green; sepals oblong,
1.38 to 1.5 em. long, 0.4 cm. wide, obtuse; petals oblong, obtuse,
8 to 10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer
filiform, about 1 cm. long, the inner capillary, barely 4 mm. long;
operculum membranous, erect, 4 to 5 mm. high, closely plicate;
limen annular; ovary narrowly ovoid, sharply 6-angled, canescent-
puberulent; fruit fusiform or ellipsoidal, 3 to 4 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 em.
in diameter, sharply 6-angled; seeds obovate, about 4 mm. long
and 3 mm. wide, black, lustrous, transversely sulcate, with 5 or 6
smooth ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Atasta, Tabasco, Mecca
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Mexico, northeastern Guatemala,
and British Honduras, at low elevations.
MExIco: Sessé & Mocifio 4452 (Bo, Ma), 4453 (Bo, Ma).—
Veracruz: Misantla, Purpus 5881 (BM, Cal, G, Mo, N). Chinantla,
Galeotti 3671 (Brux, Gen, P).—Tabasco: Atasta, Rovirosa 813
(Ph, type).
GUATEMALA: Petén: Uaxactin, Bartlett 12691 (N).
BRITISH HONDURAS: Paraiso, Gentle 810 (N). Corozal, Gentle
434 (N), 608 (N).
This species is readily distinguished from P. capsularis by the
leaves being longer than broad and by the flowers being borne on
short, axillary branches rather than on the main stem.
109. Passiflora capsularis L. Sp. Pl. 957. 1753.
Granadilla capsularis Medic. Malvenfam. 96. 1787.
Passiflora pubescens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 182. 1817.
Passiflora capsularis var. acutiloba DC. Prodr. 3: 325. 1828.
Xerogona biloba Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 108. 1838.
Passiflora piligera Gardn. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 173. 1842.
Cieca pubescens M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 141. 1846.
Decaloba capsularis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 154. 1846.
Decaloba Smithii M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 161. 1846.
Decaloba piligera M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 161. 1846.
Passiflora paraguayensis Chod. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7, App. 1: 74.
1899.
Passiflora Hassleriana Chod. Bull. Herb. — 1, ADD: 2; 74.
1899.
Passiflora Hassleriana var. grandifolia Chod. & Hassl. Bull.
Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 62. 1904.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 215
Passiflora Hassleriana var. paraguariensis Chod. & Hassl. Bull.
Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 62. 1904.
Passiflora quinquangularis Calderén, Passifloras Dilobatas del
Salvador 6.
Stem 3-5-angled, striate, glabrate or pubescent; stipules linear-
subulate, slightly faleate, 5 to 7 mm. long; petioles 1 to 3 cm. long,
glandless; leaves 2 to 7 cm. along midnerve, 4 to 10 cm. along lateral
nerves, bilobed (lobes occasionally asymmetrical, lanceolate, acute,
rarely subobtuse, apiculate, the sinus acute or occasionally truncate
at base), cordate, 3-nerved, glabrate or pilosulous above, paler and
densely pubescent beneath; peduncles solitary, 1 to 6 cm. long,
often very slender, articulate about 1 cm. from apex; bracts none;
flowers 2 to 6 cm. wide, greenish white or pale yellow-green; sepals
linear-lanceolate, 1 to 3 cm. long, 2.5 to 4 mm. wide, acute, pilose
without; petals narrowly oblong-lanceolate or subspatulate, 6 to
15 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse; corona filaments in 1 or 2
series, the outer filiform, 1.2 to 1.5 em. long, united at base into a
thin, transparent membrane, violet, carinate at base, the inner series
(sometimes wanting) capillary, barely 3 mm. long, violet; operculum
membranous, plicate, 1 to 1.2 mm. high; limen annular; ovary
narrowly ovoid or slightly obovoid, minutely puberulent or rarely
glabrate, hexagonal; fruit ellipsoidal or fusiform, sharply hexagonal,
5 to 6 em. long, 1.5 to 2 em. in diameter; seeds ovate, 3.5 mm. long,
transversely sulcate, with 5 or 6 smooth ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: “Gallia aequinoctiali.”’
ILLUSTRATIONS: Plum. Pl. Amer. ed. Burm. pl. 138, f. 2. 1757;
Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: pl. 22, f. 10; Bot. Mag. 55: pl. 2868;
Calderén, Passifloras Dilobatas del Salvador f. 1-8; Mutis, Icon.
Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 22.
DISTRIBUTION: Greater Antilles; Guatemala to Costa Rica;
Colombia ; central Brazil to Paraguay; up to 1,900 meters altitude.
GUATEMALA: Santa Rosa: Guachipilin, Heyde & Lux (J. D.
Smith 6141, B, Bo, G, Gen, N). Cuajiniquilapa, Heyde & Lux
(J. D. Smith 6142, B, G, N).
HONDURAS: Hjalmarson in 1852 (S).
BRITISH HONDURAS: Corozal, Gentle 224 (Mich).
SALVADOR: San Salvador, Calderén 851 (type collection of P.
quinquangularis, G, N). Ahuachapdn, Standley 19733 (G, N);
Calderén 2438 (F).
216 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
CosTA RIcA: Pittier 8921 (Brux). La Palma, Tonduz 7426 (N).
Las Nubes, Standley 38366 (N). San Francisco, Pittier 8032 (Brux).
7
3
:
"|
(
i
‘
CuBA: Santa Clara: Soledad, Jack 6316 (N).—Oriente: Bayate, —
Ekman 10073 (8).
HAIrTi: Pétionville, Leonard 4882 (B, N). Port au Prince, Leonard |
28389 (N). St. Michel de l’Atalaye, Leonard 7010a (N). Ennery,
Leonard 9465 (N). Terre Neuve Mountains, Ekman H5055 (N).
COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Cincinnati, Sezfriz 15 (N).—Santander:
Surata, Killip & Smith 16477 (A, G, N, Y), 19044 (G, N, Y). Charta,
Killip & Smith 19037 (G, N, Y). Bucaramanga, Killip & Smith
19340 (N). San Juan Valley, Haught 1768 (N).—Boyaca: Muzo,
Goudot 4 (K, P).—Cundinamarca: La Mesa, Lehmann 4828 (K).
La Esperanza, Archer 3284 (N).—Tolima: Ibagué, Goudot (P).
Libano, Pennell 3424 (G, Mo, N, Y).—Antioquia: Santa Barbara,
Pennell 10895 (N). Salamina, Lehmann 4723 (B, K, N). Hatillo,
Daniel 941 (N).—Caldas: Belén, Pennell 10613 (N). Piedra de
Moler, André 2418 (K).—El Valle: Cisneros, Killip 5371 (N). La
Manuelita, near Palmira, Pennell & Killip 6167 (G, N, Y).
BRAZIL: Burchell 2552 (K), 9096 (K); Boaz (K).—Goyaz: Goia-
beira, Chase 11517 (N).—Matto Grosso: Aquidanana, Chase 11060
(N).—Minas Geraes: Regnell III.639 (B, N, P, 8). Lagoa Santa,
Warming 1159 (Cop), 1161 (Cop). Caldas, Mosén 4150 (S); Glaziou
(P). Serra do Caparao, Chase 9631 (N). Juiz de Fora, Chase 8618
(N). Lavras, Chase 8801 (N). Barroso, Mexia 5402 (Gen, N).—
Rio de Janeiro: Gardner 49 (BM, K); St. Hilaire 18bis (P), 716 (P);
Widgren in 1844 (S); Riedel & Luschnath 718 (N); Miers 3980 (BM,
K). Gavia Mountain, Gardner (BM, type of P. piligera). Can-
tagallo, Peckholt 184 (V); Martius (Brux). Novo Friburgo, Glaziou
10871 (B, K, P). Tijuca, Glaziou 3990 (Cop, P). Rio de Janeiro,
Wilkes Expedition (N); Pohl 3521 (V).—Sao Paulo: Perdonnet 264
(Bo); Brade 5525 (S); St. Hilaire 7O4bis (P). Serra de Caracol,
Mosén 1329 (S).—Parana: Jaguariahyva, Dusén 11631 (Gen,-: 8).
San Juan, Dusén 13574 (S). Ypiranga, Dusén 9891 (S).—Santa
Catharina: F. Miiller 429 (K). Herval, Dusén 11893 (N, S).—Rio
Grande do Sul: Sello 598 (B). Santo Angelo, Lindman 1141 (N, 8);
Malme 542B (S).
Urucauay: Herter 2606 (B).
PARAGUAY: Tacural, Hassler 1202 (Bo, type of P. Hassleriana,
K, P). Sierra de Amambay, Hassler 10388 (B, BM). Rio Apa,
Hassler 7913 (A, B, BM, Bo, type of P. Hassleriana var. grandiflora,
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 217
Gen, K, P, V); Fiebrig 4108 (B, Gen, K). Cordillera de Altos, Fiebrig
194 (B, Gen), 426a (B, F, Gen); Hassler 3166 (Bo, type of P. para-
guayensis, Gen), 11531 (B, BM, Cop, Gen, N). Rio Alta Parana,
Fiebrig 6027 (B, BM, G, Gen, N, P). Villa Rica, Jérgensen 3792 (N).
Rio de La Plata, Palmer in 1854 (N). Asuncién, Balansa 2201 (Gen).
San Lorenzo, Archer 4761 (NA).
Passiflora capsularis has its origin in Plumier’s brief description
(Cat. Pl. Amer. 6. 1708), “Granadilla fructu rubente, folio bicorni,”’
and this is the first reference cited by Linnaeus under P. capsularis
in the 1753 edition of the Species Plantarum. The species was
often confused by early authors with its close relative, P. rubra.
The points of difference between the two are discussed under P. rubra
in the present paper, and there seems little need now to deal with
these early misconceptions other than to point out the status of
Decaloba Smith and Passiflora capsularis var. geminiflora.
J. E. Smith in Rees’ Cyclopedia (species No. 22) cited Plumier’s
Plantae Americanae (ed. Burmann) page 129, pl. 138, and Plumier’s
Plantes del Amérique page 68 (pl. 83), calling attention to the absence
of bracts in this species. He then discussed a Jamaican plant at
hand, which he said agreed perfectly with Plumier’s first plate
except that the leaves were scarcely cordate and the flowers were
borne in pairs; the rest of Smith’s description applied well to the
first of Plumier’s plates. To the element with paired peduncles
De Candolle gave the name P. capsularis var. geminifolia, an obvious
error for geminiflora. Roemer, who usually dealt with literature
rather than with herbarium specimens, assigned the name Decaloba
Smithvi to Smith’s description of P. capsularis, adding “non L.’’ and
citing De Candolle’s varietal name in synonymy. Points which
Roemer gives in his key to D. Smithii apply to true P. capsularis.
This rather complicated matter is easily explained. The first
Plumier plate is P. capsularis (the second, apparently playing no
part in Smith’s description, is P. rubra). The plant with peduncles
in pairs is P. sexflora. The name Decaloba Smithii, eliminating the
“geminiflora’”’ citation, is a synonym of P. capsularis.
LOCAL NAMES: “Calzoncillo’” (Salvador); ‘‘maracuj4 branco
miudo”’ (Brazil).
110. Passiflora rubra L. Sp. Pl. 956. 1753.
Granadilla rubra Moench, Meth. Pl. Suppl. 15. 1802.
(?)Passiflora bilobata Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: pl. 78. 1827. Not P.
bilobata Juss.
218 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
(?) Passiflora lunata Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: pl. 80.1827. Not P. lunata
J. E. Sm. or Willd. or Juss.
(?) Passiflora obscura Lindl. Trans. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 7: 48.
1830.
Decaloba rubra M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 153. 1846.
(?)Decaloba bilobata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 154. 1846.
(?)Decaloba semilunaris M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 154. 1846.
(?)Decaloba obscura M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 157. 1846.
Passiflora cisnana Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 18: Beibl. 46: 5. 1894.
Stem 3—5-angled, striate, densely grayish-pubescent, rarely gla-
brescent; stipules setaceous, 5 to 8 mm. long; petioles up to 5 cm.
long, glandless; leaves 2 to 8 cm. along midnerve, 4 to 10 cm. along
lateral nerves, bilobed (occasionally with an intermediate third
lobe nearly equal to the lateral lobes, but this usually reduced to a
cusp, the lobes acute or obtuse, usually widely divergent), cordate
at base, membranous, finely pubescent or rarely softly hirsute;
peduncles solitary, very rarely in pairs, subequaling the petioles,
articulate near apex; bracts none; flowers up to 5 cm. wide; sepals
linear-lanceolate, 1 to 3 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, acutish, conspicu-
ously 3-nerved, more or less pubescent and reddish or greenish
without, glabrous and white within; petals half as long as the sepals,
2 to 4 mm. wide, white; corona filaments in 1 or 2 series, the outer
narrowly liguliform or nearly filiform above middle, 5 to 10 mm.
long, purple or lavender proximally, green or white distally, fre-
quently a second series of minute (barely 2 mm. long) filaments
present; operculum membranous, very slightly plicate, minutely
fimbrillate; limen annular, subcupuliform; ovary subglobose, densely
hirsute with long, white or brownish hairs; fruit ovoid or obovoid,
2 to 2.5 em. long, 1.5 to 1.8 cm. wide (at times up to 5.5 em. long
and 2.5 cm. wide), rounded or abruptly acute at apex, tapering at
base, sub-10-angled, hirsute, at length glabrate, reddish; seeds ovate,
about 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, mucronate, black, transversely
sulcate, the ridges about 6, smooth.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica (first locality given in Species Plantarum,
1753).
ILLUSTRATIONS: Plum. Pl. Amer. pl. 83; Amoen. Acad. 1: pl. 10,
f. 9; Jaeq. Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: pl. 186; Cav. Diss. 10: pl. 268; Bot. Reg.
2: pl. 95; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: pl. 22, f. 3; (?) Vell. Fl. Flumin.
9: pl. 78, 80; Gartenfl. 32: pl. 1135, f. 1, 2. 1883; Mutis, Icon. Pl.
Ined. 26: pl. 21.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 219
DISTRIBUTION: Throughout West Indies; Colombia and Vene-
zuela to Peru and Bolivia; eastern Brazil. Sea level to 1,500 meters,
rarely to 2,000 meters.
BAHAMAS: Curtiss 56 (B, BM, F, G, Gen, HV, K, Minn, N, P, Y);
Wilson 8377 (F, Y); Britton & Brace 271 (F, Y); Millspaugh 2228
(F); E. G. Britton 3301 (F, Y); Eggers 4235 (B); Coker 274 (Y).
CuBA: Wright 133 (G), 201 (Bo, Brux, G, Gen, K, S, Y); Rugel
351 (B, BM, Y), 838 (Y); Eggers 5061 (B, K, N); De la Sagra
(P). Limonal, Poeppig in 1822 (V).—Pinar del Rio: Leén 12535 (Y),
12588 (HS), 12912 (HS), 12924 (HS); Ekman 10661 (S).—Habana:
Roig & Leén 4683 (HV); Shafer 465 (Y).—Santa Clara: Leén 4024
(HS), 5329 (HS, Y); Luna 17 (HS); Ekman 18854 (B, S); Jack 5971
(N); Bailey 12379 (N); Clement 46 (N); Pringle 52 (G); Combs 279
(B, F, G, Y); Britton & Wilson 4905 (Y); L. B. Smith et al. 3382
(N).—Camagiiey: Acufia 4417 (HV); Shafer 178 (F, Y); Britton,
Britton & Shafer 415 (Y).—Oriente: Linden 1791 (B, BM, Brux, Gen,
K, P), 1821 in part (BM); Shafer 3054 (Y), 3492 (B, F, N, Y);
Ekman 1986 (S), 5864 (S), 5881 (S), 6646 (S), 7263 (S); Leén 10341
(HS), 10556 (HS), 12360 (HS); Bailey 15150 (N).
SwAN ISLAND: G. Nelson 24 (G, N).
HAITI: Jacquemont in 1827 (B, K, P); Cook 15 (N); Miller 287
(N); Jaeger 138 (B, N, V); Ehrenberg (B); Leonard 3668 (N, Ph, Y),
3685 (N), 4767 (BM, F, G, N, Y), 7370 (N), 7894 (N), 8047 (N),
8319 (N, Y), 9265 (N); Leonard & Leonard 11367 (N), 11549 (N, Y),
13376 (N), 18635 (N), 14120 (N); Ekman H53 (B, S), H444 (B, S),
H9520 (N); Picarda 1723 (B); Christ 2059 (B), 2084 (B); Buch 106
(B), 167 (B), 263 (B); Nash 418 (Y), 562 (Y), 746 (Y), 1208 (Y);
Bailey 183 (N).
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Poiteau (Gen, Ph); Meyerhoff 144 (B);
Wright & Parry 1 (N); Abbott 170 (N), 178 (N), 414 (N), 1751 (N),
2782 (N), 2787 (N), 2822 (N), 2835 (N), 2873 (N); Tiirckheim 2584
(B), 2680 (B, BM, Brux, G, Gen, K, N, S, Y), 2774 (B), 3253 (B);
Fuertes 443 (B, BM, Cop, F, G, K, N, 8S, V), 1166 (B); Eggers 2814
(B, K); Miller 1204 (N), 1253 (N); Taylor 42 (Y).
JAMAICA: P. Browne (Linn, type); Maxon 1680 (N, Y), 1701 (N),
2171 (N, Y), 8768 (N), 8800 (N), 9525 (N); Maxon & Killip 390 (G),
1425a (N), 1676 (G, N, P, Y), 1706 (N, P, Y), 1785 (N), 1786 (N);
Britton 50 (Y), 418 (F, N, Y), 1568 (Y), 3134 (Y); Fredholm 3272
(N, Y); W. J. Thompson 7981 (B, J); Alexander in 1850 (K, Y);
Bancroft (K); Purdie (K); Distin (K); Perkins 498 (B), 1434 (B, G);
220 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Wight 198 (F, Y); Lloyd 1073 (F); Lang 215 (Ph); S. Brown 29
(Ph, Y); Crawford 701 (Ph), 738 (Ph); Orcutt 3438 (N).
PUERTO Rico: Underwood & Griggs 39 (N, Y), 362 (N); Heller
1218 (F, K, N, Y); Shafer 2987 (N, Y); Cook & Collins 308 (N), 374
(N); Britton & Cowell 824 (N, Y); Britton & Shafer 1698 (Y); J. R.
Johnston 257 (Y), 262 (Y), 668 (Y); Wilson 279 (Y); Stevenson 153
(N); Krug 486 (B); Stahl 391 (B); Sintenis 341 (B, G, Gen, K, N,
P, 8), 341b (B), 341¢ (B), 1124 (B), 1724 (B), 1810 (B), 2504 (B, N),
2758 (B), 4239 (B), 6017 (B), 6979 (B); Wydler 258 (Gen); Kuntze
469 (Y). c
St. Croix: L. C. Richard (P).
St. THOMAS: Eggers 962 (B, Brux, G, N, P); Britton & Marble
1216. (NY).
St. JAN: Britton & Shafer 584 (N, Y).
St. Kitts: Britton & Cowell 103 (Y).
SABA: Boldingh 1488 (Ut), 1494 (Ut), 1764 (Ut), 2217 (Ut, Y).
St. Eustatius: Boldingh 2024 (Ut).
St. MARTIN: Boldingh 3292 (Ut).
ANTIGUA: Rose, Fitch & Russell 3459 (B, G, N, Y).
MONTSERRAT: Shafer 358 (F, N, Y), 619 (F, N, Y).
GUADELOUPE: Duss 600 (P), 2231 (B, Cop, F, N, Y); Duchassaing
in 1849 (B, P); Jsert in 1787 (Cop).
Dominica: L. C. Richard (P); Ramage in 1888 (K); Lloyd 553 (Y).
MARTINIQUE: Plée (P); Hahn 868 (P), 910 (P); Duss 872 (B, Y).
St. VINCENT: H. H. Smith 607 (B, G, K, Y).
TRINIDAD: Britton & Hazen 1605 (G, K, N, Y); J. R. Johnston 11
(G); Crueger (K); Sieber 241 (B, BM, Gen, P, V); Fendler 379 (BM,
K); Trinidad Herb. 2981 (K, T), 6424 (T), 9373 (T), 10968 (T), 11173
(T); Broadway 6995 (K, Mo, Ph); Kuntze 786 (Y).
VENEZUELA: Fendler 1877 (K).—Federal District: Caracas,
Moritz 230 (B).—Aragua: Ocumaré, Pittier 11387 (N).—Mérida:
Moritz 1314 (B).
COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Anolaima, Dawe in 1919 (K); Archer
3309 (N).—Caldas: Salento, Pennell 9084 (N). Rio Campoalegre,
Pennell 10183 (G, N, Y). San José, Pennell 10240 (N, Ph).—El
Valle: Zarzal, Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8541 (N). Restrepo, Killip
11257 (N). Versailles, Dawe 839 (K, N).—El Cauca: Rio Ojar,
Lehmann 3364 (K).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 221
ECUADOR: Jameson in 1871 (K, S).—Manabi: El Recreo, Eggers
15584 (F).—Guayas: Teresita, Stevens 198 (N). Barraganetal,
Stevens 328 (N).—Bolivar: San Miguel, Stevens 202 (N).—Chim-
borazo: Huigra, Rose 22275 (N, Y); Hitchcock 20747 (G, N, Y).—
Azuay: Cumbre, Rose 22984 (N).—Loja: Cuesta de Cisna, 1,200 to
1,500 meters, Lehmann 4833 (B, type of P. cisnana, K). Loja, Rose
28343 (G, N, Y).
PERU: Ruiz & Pavén (Ma).—Titmbez: Hacienda Chicama,
Weberbauer 7653 (F, N).—San Martin: San Roque, L. Williams 7088
(N). Tarapoto, Ule 6546 (B, Gen, Go).—Huanuco: Mufia, Macbride
4162 (F, N).—Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23400 (F, N, Y),
23432 (N, Y), 25871 (N). Yapas, Pichis Trail, Killip & Smith 25441
(N, Y).—Ayacucho: Aina, Killip & Smith 22800 (F, N, Y).—Cuzco:
Uchumayo, Bues (Herrera 2129; N). Echarato, Bues in 1928 (N).
BOLIvIA: Bang 2836 (B, BM, F, Gen, Minn, N, Ph, V, Y).—
La Paz: Coroico, Buchtien 3852 (N), 3872 (N). Milluguaya, Buch-
tien 636 (N).—Santa Cruz: Buenavista, Steinbach 8045 (G, Y).
BRAZIL: Ceara: Campo Grande, Léfgren 314 (S).—Pernambuco:
Tapera, Pickel 2625 (N).—Rio de Janeiro: Widgren 117 (S).
The leaves of P. rubra and P. capsularis are so similar that in
the absence of flowers or fruits it is almost impossible to distinguish
the two. The ovary of P. rubra is densely clothed with long, white
or rarely brownish hairs, which usually persist on the fruit; in
P. capsularis the ovary is merely puberulent, this indument often
disappearing as the fruit matures. The fruit of P. capsularis is
always much elongated, tapering at both ends; in P. rubra it shows
more variation in relative length and width, though it is always
more or less obovoid. In Archer 3309, from Colombia, the old fruits
are 5.5 cm. long and 2.5 em. in diameter near the apex. The principal
corona filaments of P. capsularis are slenderer than those of
P. rubra, though in a dried state this difference is not readily
discernible.
In both these species there may or may not be a second series
of corona filaments, an unusual condition as, apparently, all other
species of Plectostemma are definitely one- or two-ranked. Even
if present, the inner series consists of only a few filaments.
Passiflora cisnana appears to be nftrely a form in the mountains
of Ecuador with a denser indument and smaller leaves. The type
in Berlin is a poor specimen with few flowers and leaves badly
pressed. An excellent specimen at Kew, collected by Jameson,
222 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
and Rose 23343 from the type locality show flowers, fruit, and
especially seeds that differ in no way from those of P. rubra.
LOCAL NAMES: “Pasionaria de cerca’”’ (Cuba); “‘liane couleuvre”’
(Haiti); “bull hoof,” ‘‘Dutchman’s laudanum”’ (Jamaica); ‘‘mazo-
manchachi” (Cuzco).
Section 5. Pseudodysosmia
111. Passiflora adenopoda DC. Prodr. 3: 330. 1828.
Passiflora acerifolia Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 89. 1830.
Dysosmia acerifolia M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 151. 1846.
Ceratosepalum micranthum Oerst. Amér. Centr. pl. 17. 1863.
Passiflora ceratosepala Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 630. 1871; in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 555. 1872.
Passiflora aspera Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 227. 1887.
(?) Passiflora scabra Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 228. 1887.
Stem angulate, glabrate or hispidulous; stipules semi-orbicular,
1 cm. long, 1.5 em. wide, entire or cuspidate-toothed; petioles 3 to 5
cm. long, sparingly or densely pubescent, bearing (about 8 mm. from
base of blade) 2 opposite, orbicular glands 2 to 4 mm. in diameter,
their stipes slender, 6 to 8 mm. long; leaves 7 to 12 cm. long, 8 to 15
cm. wide, 3-5-lobed (lobes ovate, abruptly acuminate), cordate,
3—5-nerved, entire or remotely and minutely denticulate, hispidulous
on both surfaces; peduncles solitary or in pairs, 2 to 2.5 em. long;
bracts 3, borne at middle of peduncle, lanceolate or oblong, 7 to 10
mm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, lacerate; flowers 2 to 7 cm. wide; sepals
oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 4 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, obtuse, becom-
ing concave above middle, terminating in a horn 1 cm. long, greenish
white or yellowish; petals linear-lanceolate, 1 to 1.2 cm. long, 0.5 mm.
wide; corona filaments in a single series, filiform, 1.5 to 1.8 cm. long;
white, purple-banded; operculum membranous, plicate, the margin
incurved; limen annular, 1 mm. high; ovary subglobose or oblong,
densely brown-tomentose; fruit globose, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter,
puberulent; seeds obcordate, strongly flattened, narrowed at base,
6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, 1 mm. thick, straw-colored, reticulate with
15 to 20 central meshes 0.5 mm. in diameter, surrounded by a
marginal row of slightly larger (0.8 mm. in diameter) meshes, the
reticulation walls acute. e
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.
ILLUSTRATIONS: A. DC. Dess. Fl. Mex. 1: pl. 32; Oersted, Amér.
Centr. pl. 17; Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 30.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 223
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico to Venezuela; eastern Peru. Foothills
and lower mountain slopes, 900 to 1,600 meters altitude.
Mexico: Sessé & Mocitio 4478 (Bo, Ma, type; probably also type
collection of P. aspera). Tumbala, Nelson 3378 (N).—Veracruz:
Pital, Liebmann 4072 (Cop). Atoyac, Kerber 155 (B, BM, Bo, Brux,
Cop, Gen, K, N). Cualtepec, Liebmann 4071 (Cop). Orizaba,
Miiller in 1855 (Y); Bourgeau 3168 (Brux, K, P), 3262 (Bo, P), 3263
(G, Gen, K, P). Barranca de Tenampa, Purpus 4337 (B, BM, Cal,
F, G, Mo, N), 8904 (Cal, Y). Cerro de Chiquihuite, Conzatti 12 (G).
Cerro de Boquerén, Purpus 6989 (Cal), 7098 (Cal). Jalapa, Schiede
85 (B). Cérdoba, Hahn 1617 (Bo, P).—Mexico: Tenancingo,
Reddick 349 (N).
GUATEMALA: Finca Mocca, H. Johnson 80 (N).—Petén: Uaxac-
tan, Cook & Martin 142 (N); Bartlett 12180 (N).—Santa Rosa:
Cuajiniquilapa, Heyde & Lux 6143 (B, Bo, G, Gen, N).
BRITISH HONDURAS: El Cayo, Chanek 2 (N).
Costa Rica: Pittier 8460 (Brux). Mt. Jaris, Oersted 4151 (Cop,
type of Ceratosepalum micranthum). Cartago, Standley 35450 (N);
Cooper 5773 (G, N); Torres 204 (N). Tuis, Tonduz 11411 (N, V).
PANAMA: Chiriqui: El Boquete, Seemann 1626 (BM, K).
VENEZUELA: Federal District: Caracas, Pittier 9930 (Gen, N, Y).
—Aragua: Colonia Tovar, Fendler 471 (Brux, G, Gen, K, Mo, P, Y);
Moritz 1719 (BM, K, V); Karsten in 1849 (B).
COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1529 (A, B,
BM, Brux, CM, F, G, Gen, N, P, Ph, S, Ut). Maria Teresa, Gia-
cometto 6 (Ph).—Boyaca: El Humbo, Lawrance 520 (Gen, S).—Cun-
dinamarca: Dawe in 1919 (K); Goudot 3 (Bo).—Tolima: Rio Cuello,
Killip 9736 (G, N). Ibagué, Goudot 4 (P).—Antioquia: Medellin,
Archer 1018 (N). Salgar, Toro 1041 (Y).—Caldas: Armenia, Pennell,
Killip & Hazen 8601 (G, N, Ph, Y), 8633 (G, N, Ph, Y). Belén,
Pennell 10614 (N).
Peru: Junin: La Merced, Macbride 5561 (F, N).
The correct name to apply to this plant and its taxonomic position
were long in doubt. De Candolle’s brief description of Passiflora
adenopoda was insufficient to establish the identity of the species,
and Schlechtendal and Chamisso’s name P. acerifolia was used for
this rather common plant, even at the time of Masters’ monograph.
The publication, in 1874, of plates of certain of these earlier described
De Candollean species proved P. adenopoda and P. acerifolia to be
the same.
224 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
In Oersted’s flora of Central America (Amér. Centr. pl. 17)
there is a detailed drawing, unaccompanied by description, of a
plant to which the name Ceratosepalum micranthum is assigned.
Masters transferred (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 555; through
error Masters referred to Oersted’s plant as Ceratosepalum parvi-
florum) this to Passiflora under the name Passiflora ceratosepala,
formulating a description from the drawing but citing no specimens.
This drawing is suspiciously like the common P. adenopoda, though
the flowers are smaller and the sepals rather more prominently
horned than in that species. However, in the herbarium of
Universitetets Botaniske Museum, Copenhagen, there is a specimen
labeled, in Oecersted’s handwriting, “Ceratosepalum glandulosum
Oerst.,”’ with a single, badly dried flower and a small flower penciled
in, which probably is the original of Oersted’s drawing, and which
unquestionably is Passiflora adenopoda.
Passiflora adenopoda was placed by De Candolle in the section
Granadilla, presumably because of its foliaceous bracts. Passiflora
acerifolia was described as a species of Dysosmia. Passiflora cerato-
sepala was treated as a species of Plectostemma (section Decaloba)
by Masters. Triana and Planchon also referred the plant (as P.
acerifolia) to Plectostemma. Finally, Harms created (Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 500. 1925) a monotypic subsection, Pseudo-
dysosmia, of Decaloba for the species. The flower structure, position
of the bracts, and the general aspect of the plant suggest P. bryoni-
oides and its allies.
LOCAL NAMES: “‘Granadilla de monte’’ (Colombia); “‘comida de
culebra’”’ (Costa Rica).
Section 6. Pseudogranadilla
112. Passiflora pulchella HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 184. 1817.
(?)Passiflora bicornis Mill. Gard. Dict. Passiflora No. 13. 1768.
Passiflora rotundifolia Jacq. Obs. Bot. 2: 26. pl. 46, f. 1. 1767.
Not P. rotundifolia L. or Swartz.
Passiflora rotundifolia var. Jacquinit DC. Prodr. 3: 326. 1828.
Decaloba Jacquint M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 156. 1846.
Passiflora divaricata Griseb. Bonplandia 6: 7. 1858.
Passiflora pulchella var. bifidata Mast. Bot. Jahrb. 8: 220. 1887.
Passiflora mucronata Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 228. 1887 (as
muchronata). Not P. mucronata Lam.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 225
Passiflora Murucuia L. sensu Sessé & Moc. Fl. Nov. Hisp. 155.
1887. Not P. Murucuia L.
“‘Passiflora subtriangularis beta’? Calderén, Passifloras Dilobatas
del Salvador 11.
Plant glabrous throughout, or the stem minutely pilosulous;
stipules narrowly linear, subfalecate, 5 to 7 mm. long; petioles 1 to 2
em. long, glandless; leaves 2 to 6 cm. along the midnerve, 3 to 9 em.
along lateral nerves, 5 to 10 cm. between apices of lobes, bilobate
one-fourth to one-half their length (or with a small third lobe
occasionally present in the sinus, the lobes divaricate or suberect,
truncate or rounded, often mucronulate, sometimes deeply bilobed),
at base truncate, rounded, or somewhat cuneate, 3-nerved (a secon-
dary pair arising near the middle of the central nerve), prominently
reticulate-veined, ocellate beneath, coriaceous; peduncles solitary,
5 to 8 em. long, divaricate; bracts suborbicular or ovate, 1 to 1.5 em.
long, 8 to 10 mm. wide, acutish or obtuse, abruptly tapering at base,
flabellate-veined, membranous, borne about 2 mm. below base of
flower, purplish red; flowers 4.5 to 5.5 em. wide, deep blue; sepals
oblong, obtuse, about 2 cm. long, 7 to 9 mm. wide; petals ovate-
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1.3 to 1.5 cm. long, 4 mm. wide;
corona filaments in several series, filiform, the outermost as long as
the petals, those of the inner 3 or 4 series 4 to 5 mm. long, capitellate;
operculum membranous, closely plicate, fimbriate, incurved; limen
annular; ovary subglobose, glabrous; fruit globose, 1 to 1.5 em.
in diameter; seeds obovate, 2 to 3 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide,
transversely sulcate with about 6 rugulose ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: Near Cura, Aragua Valley, Venezuela.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Jacq. Obs. Bot. 2: pl. 46, f. 1; Calderén,
Passifloras Dilobatas del Salvador opp. p. 12.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico to the northern coast of Colom-
bia and Venezuela; cultivated in Hawaii. Near sea level.
Mexico: Sessé & Mocitio 4454 (Bo, Ma, type of P. muchronata
Sessé & Moc.), 4455 (Bo, Ma, labeled “P. Murucuia’”’); Haenke 875
(Y).—Yucatan: Sisal, Gawmer 23285 (F, G, N, Y). Izamal; Gawmer
796 (Bo, F, N, Y). Mérida, Schott 405 (BM, F). Chichen Itz4,
Steere 1111 (N). Uxmal, Steere 2033 (N).
GUATEMALA: Chiquimula: Chiquimula, 400 meters, Lehmann
1708 (Bo, type of P. pulchella var. bifidata).
SALVADOR: Ahuachapan, Padilla 161 (N), 161a (N). La Libertad,
Standley 23228 (G, N, Y). Acajutla, Calderén 1659 (G, N).
226 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
NICARAGUA: Corinto, Maxon 7210 (N).
Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Lehmann 1730 (Bo), 1735 (Bo, G, K);
Rowlee & Stork 995 (N, Y).
PANAMA: Hayes 92 (BM, K); Fendler 2330 (K); Duchassaing
(P, type of P. divaricata?).—Panama: Bella Vista, Killip 12028
(N); Heriberto 218 (N). Las Sabanas, Standley 40781 (N).
VENEZUELA: Aragua: Cura, Aragua Valley, Humboldt & Bonpland
(B, type, BW).—Carabobo: San Joaquin, Pitter 7908 (N).—
Angostura: Ciudad Bolivar, Bailey 1603 (N)..
COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1590 (N),
1596 (B, BM, Brux, CM, F, G, Gen, K, Ma, N, P, Ph, S, Ut, Y),
1696 (Y); Karsten (V); Purdie (K). Rio Frio, Salt JJ (G, N);
Walker 1234 (N). Lake Sapatoza, Allen 355 (K).—Atlantico:
Salgar, Pennell 12058 (G, K, N, Ph, Y). Barranquilla, Hlias 254
(N).—Bolivar: Cartagena, Schott 3 (Y); Heriberto 187 (N).
This and the following five species have the foliaceous bracts of
the subgenus Granadilla and the plicate operculum of Plectostemma.
Passiflora pulchella was placed by Masters in a section of Granadilla,
but, as Triana and Planchon quite correctly pointed out (Ann. Sci.
Nat. V. Bot. 17: 155. 1873), it should be referred to Plectostemma.
Harms has proposed (Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 500.
1926) the name Pseudogranadilla for this group of large-bracted
species with a plicate operculum, ranking it as a subdivision of his
section Decaloba (i.e., subgenus Plectostemma, in part, of the present
treatment). Pseudogranadilla admittedly is an artificial section, the
species here referred to it having little in common other than the
foliaceous bracts. Probably P. pulchella is more closely related
to P. biflora, P. indecora to P. cuneata, P. menispermacea to P. ery-
throphylla, P. Kalbreyeri to P. bogotensis, and P. porphyretica to
P. sexflora.
This may well be the plant, collected by Houston at Cartagena,
to which Miller gave the name Passiflora bicornis, and if so that
prior name should be used. But Miller’s description is indefinite,
and applicable, almost as well, to P. biflora and forms of P. cuneata,
and in the absence of a type specimen, it seems best to maintain the
name that is in general use. |
LOCAL NAMES: “Calzoncillo,’’ ‘‘camacarlata,
(Salvador).
Calderén reports the plant as having diuretic properties.
99
and “‘granadilla’”’
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 227
113. Passiflora indecora HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 134. 1818.
Passiflora involucellata Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 18: Beibl. 46: 10. 1894.
Stem subtriangular, flexuous, puberulent; stipules narrowly
linear, 7 to 9 mm. long, falcate, purplish; petioles up to 3 cm. long,
glandless; leaves 3 to 7 em. long, 3 to 6 cm. wide (or up to 9 cm.
long, 6.5 em. wide), 2-lobed one-third to one-half their length (lobes
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acute), rounded at base,
puberulent on both surfaces; peduncles solitary or in pairs, up to
4 em. long; bracts broadly triangular-ovate, 10 to 12 mm. long, 9 to
10 mm. wide, abruptly acute at the base, puberulent, reddish purple;
flowers 4 to 4.5 em. wide; sepals oblong, about 1.5 cm. long,
obtuse, subcoriaceous; petals about 1 cm. long, oblong, obtuse,
membranous; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer liguliform,
faleate-dilated at apex, 4 to 5 mm. long, distally purple, the inner
series filiform, 3 to 4 mm. long, capitellate; operculum plicate;
limen annular; ovary subglobose or obovoid, densely villous; fruit
globose, about 1.5 cm. in diameter; seeds oblong, about 3.5 mm.
long, 3 mm. wide, transversely sulcate, the ridges about 6.
TYPE LOCALITY: Near Loja, Ecuador.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of southern Ecuador, at an altitude
of about 2,000 meters.
ECUADOR: Jameson (N).—Loja: Loja, Humboldt & Bonpland
(type, B, BW, P); Lehmann 4835 (B, type of P. involucellata, G, N,
S); Rose 23266 (G, N). Tabloén de Ofia, Rose 23129 (N).
Passiflora indecora is a well marked species, with rather deeply
bilobed leaves much like those of P. cuneata, but with large bracts.
The species has not been well understood, owing to the fact that
certain important details were lacking in the original description.
Masters referred here a specimen of P. Candollei collected at Cha-
chapoyas, Peru, by Mathews, and Harms described a specimen of
Lehmann’s, which clearly is P. indecora, as P. involucellata. The
bracts have fallen off the specimen at Berlin from which Kunth
evidently drew up the original description. Regarding these he
merely says, “Bracteae caducae; tres ovatae teste Bonplandio.”
The specimen of the type collection in the Bonpland Herbarium at
Paris bears relatively large bracts, identical with those of the type
of P. involucellata.
114. Passiflora rugosissima Killip, sp. nov.
Ubique dense brunneo-velutina; stipulae lineari-subulatae; petioli
eglandulosi; folia bilobata vel subtrilobata, lobo medio obsoleto, lobis
228 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
triangularibus acutis, coriacea, supra rugosissima; pedunculi bini,
2- vel 3-furcati, floribus confertis; bracteae bracteolaeque similes,
foliaceae, flabellato-laceratae; sepala anguste lanceolata; petala
linearia; corona biseriata; operculum plicatum; ovarium breviter
villosum; fructus subglobosus; semina transverse sulcata.
Vine, densely brunneo-velutinous throughout; stem terete, 2 to
3 mm. in diameter; tendrils axillary, stout; stipules linear-subulate,
7 to 9 mm. long, 0.7 to 0.8 mm. wide, subfalcate, purplish; petioles
stout, up to 1.5 em. long, glandless; leaves 3 to 6 cm. along the mid-
nerve, 4 to 9 em. along the lateral nerves, 5 to 10 cm. between the
apices of the lobes, bilobed (lobes triangular, acute, the sinus shallow,
usually with an obscure lobe), cordulate at the base, coriaceous,
strongly rugose above, 3-nerved, reticulate-veined, the nerves and
veins elevated on the under surface; peduncles in pairs, 1.5 to 2 em.
long, 2 or 3 times forked, the branches short and the flowers crowded,
the ultimate branches or pedicels slender, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; bracts
and bractlets similar, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate in general
outline, in 3’s, membranous, green, 7 to 10 mm. long, 3 to 12 mm.
wide, irregularly flabellate-lacerate, the segments acuminate; calyx
patelliform, up to 5 mm. in diameter; sepals narrowly lanceolate,
9 to 10 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, subacute, greenish yellow;
petals linear, 6 to 7 mm. long, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide, thin, white; corona
filaments filiform, in 2 series, subequal, 2 to 2.5 mm. long; operculum
membranous, closely plicate, about 1 mm. high; limen a low, annular
ridge; gynophore about 5 mm. long; ovary globose, short-villous;
styles 3, free to the base; fruit subglobose, about 1 cm. in diameter,
lustrous, black, short-villous; seeds ovate, about 3 mm. long and 2
mm. wide, transversely sulecate with about 7 narrow, rugulose ridges.
Type in the United States National Herbarium, No. 1,685,159,
collected on Mt. Orando, State of Chiapas, Mexico, December 20,
1936, by E. Matuda (No. 477). Also collected at Finca Juarez, in
the same state (Matuda 1754; N).
The compound inflorescence and the shape of the leaves of
P. rugosissima suggest P. sexflora, but the large, lacerate bracts at
once differentiate it from that species. As already has been pointed
out in the comments on P. pulchella, Pseudogranadilla is an artificial
group, the species having little to bring them together other than
foliaceous bracts.
The description of P. pannosa Hook. & Arn. (not J. E. Sm.)
applies to the present species in certain details, but on the whole
is better for P. porphyretica var. angustata.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 229
115. Passiflora menispermacea Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat.
V. Bot. 17: 168. 1878.
Plant reddish throughout when dry; stem angulate, sulcate,
appressed-puberulent; stipules subulate, 3 mm. long, early deciduous;
petioles 1 to 2 cm. long (probably longer), slender, glandless, puberu-
lent; leaves suborbicular or somewhat broader than long, 2 to 4.5
cm. long, 2.5 to 6 em. wide, shallowly 3-lobed at apex (lobes rounded,
mucronulate, the middle 1.5 to 2 cm. wide at base, subequaling or
slightly longer than lateral lobes), rounded at base, sparingly ocellate
beneath, membranous, glabrous; peduncles 1 to 1.5 em. long, puberu-
lent; bracts foliaceous, oblong, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide,
free to the cordate base, obtuse, mucronulate, obscurely serrulate
in lower half, sessile, membranous, bright green when dry; sepals
linear-oblong, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, about 0.5 cm. wide, obtuse; petals
oblong, 0.8 to 1 em. long, 0.4 to 0.6 cm. wide, obtuse, thinner than
sepals; corona filaments in 2 series, the outer ligulate, subequal to
petals, dilated above, the inner filiform, about 2 mm. long; operculum
plicate, minutely denticulate at margin; limen annular; ovary sub-
globose, densely rufo-sericeous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Quebrada Azufral, Quindio Trail, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality in the Central
Cordillera of Colombia.
COLOMBIA: Tolima: Quebrada Azufral, Quindio Trail, Goudot 9
(P, type).
This plant is much unlike the other species of Pseudogranadilla.
Except for the three shallow lobes the leaves are nearly circular in
outline and of a decidedly reddish color when dry; the bracts are
much larger than those of P. pulchella or P. Kalbreyeri, more like
those of P. laurifolia; the peduncles and petioles are much shorter
and the flowers much smaller than in the case of most of its relatives.
It is evidently very scarce, even at the type locality. I looked care-
fully for this particular species along the Quindfo Trail near the
crossing of the Quebrada Azufral, but failed to find it. A sterile
plant (Killip 11813) collected at Cérdoba, in the Pacific coastal
region of Colombia, appears to be this species, but definite extension
of the range on such unsatisfactory evidence is hardly justifiable.
116. Passiflora Kalbreyeri Mast. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 21:
36. 1883.
Plant densely ferruginous-tomentose throughout; stem sub-
quadrangular; stipules linear-subulate, 5 to 7 mm. long, falcate,
230 FIELD MusEUM oF NATURAL HIsToRY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
purplish; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, glandless; leaves suborbicular,
becoming broadly oblong, 3 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 9 em. wide, truncate
and shallowly 3-lobed (lobes obtuse, usually mucronulate) or merely
sinuate at apex, rounded or subcuneate at base, subcoriaceous;
peduncles in pairs, 2 to 4 em. long; bracts oblanceolate, 6 to 8 mm.
long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, 3-4-toothed toward apex, deep purple;
flowers up to 4 cm. wide; sepals lanceolate-oblong, about 1.5 cm.
long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, obtuse, pinkish white within; petals lanceolate,
5 to 7 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, pinkish white; corona filaments
in 2 series, the outer filiform, slightly dilated.above, 5 to 6 mm. long,
proximally white, distally purple, radiate, the inner filiform, 4 to 5
mm. long, white, erect; operculum closely plicate, minutely fimbril-
late; limen annular; ovary globose, densely setose; fruit globose,
about 1.5 cm. in diameter, sparingly setose; seeds broadly ovoid,
transversely sulcate, the ridges 5 or 6.
TYPE LOCALITY: Ocafia, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of central Venezuela to the eastern
part of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, between 1,500 and 2,500
meters altitude.
VENEZUELA: Federal District: E. Pitter 167 (G, Gen). Catuche,
Pittier 6196 (B, N, Y), 9590 (Gen, N). Upper Cotiza, near Caracas,
Pittier 7844 (N), 7567 (N). ;
CoLoMBIA: Norte de Santander: Espiritu Santo, Kalbreyer 1253
(B, K, type). Pamplona, Killip & Smith 19775 (A, G, N, Y), 19801
(A, G, N, Y). Tapaté, Killip & Smith 20284 (A, G, N, Y), 20493
(A, G, N, Y). Between Toledo and Pamplona, Killip & Smith 20557
(A, G, N,Y).
This well marked species is apparently of limited range, although
Mr. Smith and I found it quite common in the Zulia drainage basin
of eastern Colombia. In describing the plant as “pubescent”
Masters rather understated the character of the indument, for in
reality the plant is very densely ferruginous-tomentose.
117. Passiflora porphyretica Mast. Bot. Gaz. 20: 588. pl. 36. 1895.
Stem terete, densely pubescent or hirsute; stipules cordate, 8 to
10 mm. long, 5 to 7 mm. wide, more or less chartaceous, reddish
or violet-purple, glabrate above, sparsely pilosulous below, the margin
densely ciliate; petioles 1 to 2.5 cm. long, glandless, densely hirsute;
leaves orbicular in general outline (those of the main stem 5 to 10 cm.
in length and breadth, those of the branches 2 to 3 em. long and 3.5
to 4 em. wide), shallowly 2-3-lobed (lobes obtuse or sometimes
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 231
acute and aristulate), subrotund or subcordate at base, 3-nerved,
reticulate-veined (nerves and veins conspicuous on lower surface),
strigillose and slightly scabrous above, densely setulose-tomentose
beneath; peduncles in pairs, on the main stem or usually on leafy,
axillary branches, the leaves frequently wanting so that the inflores-
cence appears racemose; bracts similar to the stipules, broadly cordate,
10 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, obtuse, reddish or violet-purple, glabrate
without, pilosulous within; flowers about 3 cm. wide; sepals linear-
oblong, 1.5 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, very densely pilose without, gla-
brate within; petals linear-oblong, 8 mm. long, obtuse, pink; corona
filaments filiform, spotted with purple, in 2 series, the outer fila-
ments 6 to 8 mm. long, the inner 2 mm. long, capitellate; operculum
about 2 mm. high, closely plicate, dark red below, pale yellow above,
denticulate, slightly incurved; limen erect, minutely pulverulent
above; ovary globose, densely white-pilose; fruit globose, about
1 cm. wide, transversely sulcate with 6 to 8 ridges, the ridges rugulose,
the axis slightly curved.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jutiapa, Guatemala.
ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Gaz. 20: pl. 36.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico to southern Guatemala, from
400 to 1,300 meters altitude.
Mexico: Née (Ma); Haenke 848 (Pr).—Michoacan: Rio Co-
yaquilla, Langlassé 837 (B, G, Gen, K, N, P).—Colima: Colima,
Orcutt 4524 (F, Mo, N).—Guerrero: Acapulco, Palmer 360 (Cal, F,
G, K, N, Y).—Oaxaca: Nopala, Nelson 2429.(N). Plan de Minas,
Conzatti 4545 (N).
GUATEMALA: Jutiapa: Jutiapa, 425 meters, Heyde & Lux (J. D.
Smith 6334, B, Bo, Gen, N, type).
Because of a general similarity in the shape of. the leaves, this
species might be confused with P. sexflora. The large bracts, varying
from bright red to violet-purple, the nonfasciculate inflorescence,
and the larger flowers readily distinguish it from that, however.
117a. Passiflora porphyretica var. angustata Killip, var. nov.
Passiflora pannosa J. E. Sm. sensu Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey
Voy. 292. 1841. Not P. pannosa J. E. Sm.
Stipulae anguste lanceolatae vel setaceae, ca. 6 mm. longae, ad
0.8 mm. latae.
Stipules narrowly lanceolate or setaceous, about 6 mm. long,
0.8 mm. wide or less. Otherwise as in the species.
232 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Type in the United States National Herbarium, No. 1,318,700,
collected at Puerto Vallasta, Jalisco, Mexico, altitude 100 meters,
December 17, 1926, by Ynes Mexia (No. 1806). Duplicate at Geneva.
DISTRIBUTION: West-central Mexico.
MExico: Jalisco: San Sebastian, 1,500 meters, Mexia 1526 (Gen,
N, Y). Tuxpan, Purpus 486 (N).—Mexico: Ixiapan, Hinton 2936
(K, N). Anonas, Hinton 3569 (K, N).
Except for the narrow stipules, these plants seem to be identical
with typical P. porphyretica. They represent undoubtedly the
plant, likewise collected in Jalisco, referred questioningly by Hooker
and Arnott to P. pannosa J. E. Sm., a species that is synonymous
with P. sexflora. Hooker and Arnott describe their plant as having
lanceolate-subulate stipules, a 5-parted calyx (i.e., apetalous), and
three orbiculate, short-acuminate, concave bracts, entire or few-
toothed at the apex. With the exception of the statement that the
flowers are apetalous, this description answers very well the above
specimens. However, as already noted in the case of other species,
inconspicuous petals were frequently overlooked by early botanists.
Section 7. Hahniopathanthus
118. Passiflora Hahnii (Fourn.) Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1:
569. 1872.
Disemma Hahnii Fourn. Rev. Hort. 41: pl. 430. 1869.
Passiflora guatemalensis Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 473. 1887.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem wiry, terete, angulate above,
striate; stipules reniform, 1 cm. long, 1.2 to 1.7 cm. wide, setiferously
toothed; petioles 1.5 to 3 cm. long, glandless; leaves broadly ovate-
lanceolate in general outline, 5 to 8 em. long, 3.5 to 7 cm. wide, entire
or usually inconspicuously lobed 1.5 to 3 cm. from the apex (lobes
setosely tipped), peltate, 3-5-nerved, membranous, rarely subcoria-
ceous; peduncles solitary, up to 7 cm. long; bracts 2, cordate, 2.5
to 3 em. long, 1.5 to 2 em. wide, denticulate toward base, the teeth
and the apex setosely tipped or subentire; flowers 4 to 6 cm. wide;
sepals and petals similar, oblong, 2 to 3 cm. long, 0.7 to 0.9 cm. wide,
obtuse, radiate, white or cream-colored; corona filaments yellow, in
2 series, the outer up to 1.5 cm. long, dilated at apex, spreading, the
inner up to 5 mm. long, clavate, erect; operculum membranous,
closely plicate, 2.5 to 8 mm. high, the margin incurved; limen annular;
ovary bluish black, glaucous, subglobose or ovoid; fruit globose,
3 to 3.5 em. in diameter; seeds ovate-oblong, slightly flattened,
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 233
curved, about 5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, each face reticulate, with
about 40 reticulations.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico (type a specimen cultivated in the Jardin
des Plantes, Paris, introduced by Hahn).
ILLUSTRATIONS: Rev. Hort. 41: pl. 430; Bot. Mag. 115: pl. 7052;
Gard. Chron. n. ser. 10: 305. f. 55. 1878; 12: 504. f. 81. 1879; Mutis,
Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 19.
DISTRIBUTION: Central Mexico to Costa Rica; Central Cordillera
of Colombia; between sea level and 1,400 meters altitude.
Mexico: Hahn (K, type collection). Chiconguraco, Schiede (B).
—Veracruz: Orizaba, Bourgeau 3337 (P).—Guerrero: Acapulco,
Liebmann 4095 (Cop).—Chiapas: Between Tumbala and El Salto,
Nelson 3395 (N).
GUATEMALA: Rio Dulce, Chocén, Watson 81 (G, type of P.
guatemalensis, K), 249 (G).—Petén: Tikal District, Cook & Martin 67
(N). Remate, Lundell 2015 (N).—Izabal: Izabal, Watson 405 (G).
HONDURAS: San Pedro Sula, Santa Barbara, Thieme 5246 (N).
Progreso, Yoro, Standley 54992 (N).
BRITISH HONDURAS: El Cayo, Chanek 3 (N). Mountain Pine
Ridge, El Cayo District, Bartlett 13080 (Mich).
Costa Rica: Llanuras de Santa Clara, J. D. Smith 6529 (N).
COLOMBIA: Caldas: Armenia, Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8670
(B, G, N, Ph, Y). San José, Pennell 10213 (G, N). Quindio, André
2143s (K).
This is the type species of Harms’ subsection Hahniopathanthus,
of Decaloba. Under the present arrangement of the subdivisions of
Passiflora it becomes a section of the subgenus Plectostemma. To
the original species I am adding P. Cookii, which obviously is
closely allied to it, and P. membranacea. The latter has usually
been referred to Granadilla but, as will be noted later, it is better
‘placed with P. Hahnii. In these three species there are no nectar-
secreting glands in any form, either as petiolar appendages, ocellae
on the leaf surfaces, or marginal glands on the bracts or leaves.
The seeds are reticulate, as in the case of species of Plectostemma,
section Cieca.
The South American specimens here cited are without flowers,
but the vegetative parts are identical with those of Mexican and
Central American specimens. This is an interesting extension
of range.
234 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
119. Passiflora Cookii Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12: 256.
1922.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem terete, striate, glaucous; stipules
reniform, 1.5 em. long, 3 to 4 ecm. wide, crenate, glaucous; petioles
8 to 4 cm. long, glandless; leaves broadly ovate, 7 to 8 cm. long, 6 to
7 em. wide, very obscurely 3-lobed (middle lobe deltoid, obtuse,
mucronulate), or with a single lateral lobe, peltate about 1.2 cm.
from the truncate base, quintuplinerved, dark green above, glaucous
beneath; peduncles about 8 cm. long; bracts 2, cordate, about 5 cm.
long and 4 cm. wide, entire, thin-membranous; flowers 3.5 to 4.5
cm. wide, white; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 cm. long, 1 to 1.2 em.
wide, obtuse, radiate; petals ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 cm. long, 0.8 cm.
wide, abruptly narrowed at base, obtuse, white, spotted with red;
corona filaments in 2 series, the outer 1 cm. long, dilated at apex,
the inner barely 3 mm. long, capitate; operculum membranous,
plicate, the margin incurved, fimbrillate; limen annular; ovary
subglobose. ;
TYPE LOCALITY: Finca Sepacuité, Department of Alta Verapaz,
Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico and northern Guatemala.
MEXIco: Veracruz: Rio de Puerto Moneda, Sierra Grande del
Sur, Purpus 10857 (N).
GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Finca Sepacuité, Cook & Griggs
593 (type).
At the time this species was described its bracts were unknown,
though its relationship with P. Hahnii was obvious. The Purpus
specimen has an involucre of two large bracts, which completely
lack the setiferous lobes of those of P. Hahnii. Additional points
of differentiation are the larger crenate stipules and the smaller flowers
of P. Cookit.
120. Passiflora membranacea Benth. Pl. Hartw. 88. 1841.
Cieca membranacea M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 140. 1846.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem terete or subangulate, striate;
stipules cordate-reniform, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide,
obscurely crenulate; petioles 2 to 4 cm. long, glandless; leaves orbicu-
lar in general outline, 5 to 10 cm. long and wide, obscurely 3-lobed
at apex, peltate about 5 mm. from base, 3-nerved, membranous;
peduncles solitary, 9 to 15 cm. long, very slender; bracts 2 or 3,
cordate-ovate or cordate-reniform, 3 to 5 em. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide,
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 235
obtuse or rounded at apex, red, purple-red, or rose-color, borne 5 to
10 mm. below base of flower, chartaceous; flowers pea-green or cream;
calyx tube broadly campanulate, about 2 cm. wide at base; sepals
oblong-lanceolate, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, obtuse,
erect; petals oblanceolate, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, about 0.8 em. wide;
corona filaments in 2 series, the outer 0.8 to 1 cm. long, filiform,
deep red, the inner capillary, barely 2 mm. long, capitellate; oper-
culum membranous, closely plicate, incurved, lobed one-third its
length, the lobes obtuse, minutely fimbrillate; limen annular, near
base of gynophore; gynophore about 4 cm. long; ovary narrowly
ellipsoidal, 3-grooved; fruit ovoid, about 4 cm. long and 3 em. wide,
coriaceous; seeds oblong-ovate, about 4.5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide,
finely reticulate, the walls between the areoles thick (hence, punctate),
the axis strongly curved.
TYPE LOCALITY: Volcan de Agua, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico to Costa Rica, 1,900 to 3,000
meters altitude.
MExIco: Chiapas: Ghiesbreght 113 (K), 863 (G). Cerro del
Boquer6én, Purpus 7028 (Cal).
GUATEMALA: Savage in 1846 (P). Cuesta de Argenta, Hartweg
(K).—Quiché: Chiul, Heyde & Lux (J. D. Smith 3092, B, G,.N).
Volean Santa Maria, Nelson 3728 (G, N).—Quezaltenango: Vaght
288 (N).—Sacatepéquez: Voledn de Agua, Hartweg (K, type);
Maxon & Hay 3754 (N, Y); Kellerman 4773 (N); Lehmann 1492
(Bo, K, N).—Chimaltenango: Santa Elena, Skutch 274 (N).—
Suchitepéquez: Volcan Atitlan, Skutch 2129 (N).
HONDURAS: Pimiento, Niederlein 208 (B).
Costa Rica: Cuesta de Los Borucas, Pittier 10537 (Brux, N).
Barba, Pittier 1957 (Brux). Volcan de Pods, Standley 34627 (N).
Las Nubes, Standley 38746 (N), 38765 (N). El Copey, Standley
41928 (N), 42780 (N). San José, Wercklé (B). Cerro de Las Lajas,
Heredia, Standley & Valerio 51571 (N). Yerba Buena, Heredia,
Standley & Valerio 49955 (N). Voledn Irazt, Cufodontis 404 (N, V).
Masters placed P. membranacea in Granadilla; Harms treated it
as the sole representative of his section 5 (unnamed) of Granadilla.
The 2-ranked corona, plicate operculum, and annular limen, however,
are characteristic of Plectostemma, and indeed the general outline
of the leaves and the shape and coloring of the bracts are much as
in P. Hahnii and P. Cookii. I am, therefore, placing it in the section
236 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Hahniopathanthus of that subgenus, though the erect sepals and
petals are not characteristic of these two other species of that
group, and the large flowers are more suggestive of Granadilla.
In my account of the Passifloraceae of the Mayan area the color
of the flowers was given as red. This error was due to collectors’
notes, which clearly had reference to the color of the bracts. The
actual color has been noted by Cufodontis and Skutch.
Subgenus VI. CHLOROPATHANTHUS
121. Passiflora viridiflora Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 15. pl. 424. 1799.
Tacsonia viridiflora Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 389. 1805.
Passiflora tubiflora HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 189. 1817.
Murucuja viridiflora Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 43. 1826.
Synactila viridiflora Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 104. 1838.
Psilanthus viridiflorus M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 198. 1846.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem wiry, angulate, flattened;
stipules linear-lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, acute; petioles up to
6 cm. long, biglandular at or slightly below middle, the glands saucer-
shaped, sessile, 1 to 3 mm. in diameter; leaves 4 to 7 em. long, 6 to
9 cm. wide (the lowermost up to 16 cm. long and 25 em. wide),
deeply 3-lobed (lobes ovate, ovate-oblong, or nearly orbicular,
obtuse or rounded, rarely acutish, the middle lobe narrowed at its
base, the lateral lobe widely divergent), 3—7-nerved, reticulate-
veined, peltate, entire and thickened at margin, coriaceous, dark
green and lustrous above, paler beneath; peduncles solitary or in
pairs, 1 to 2 cm. long, articulate at or slightly above middle; bracts
apparently none; flowers green; calyx tube cylindric, 1 to 1.5 em.
long, 8 to 7 mm. wide at the swollen and strongly sulcate base;
sepals linear, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, acute; petals none;
corona filaments in a single series, filiform, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, borne
at the throat of the tube, erect; operculum membranous, not plicate,
2.5 to 3 mm. long, minutely fimbrillate, borne at the base of the
narrowed portion of the tube; limen membranous, 0.8 to 1 mm.
long, crenulate; ovary narrowly ellipsoidal; fruit subglobose, 1.5
to 2 cm. in diameter; seeds obovate, 4 to 5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide,
abruptly acute at base, flattened, each face reticulate at center with
83 or 4 circular meshes, reticulate toward the margin with about 12
oblong meshes.
TYPE LOCALITY: Acapulco, Mexico.
ILLUSTRATION: Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: pl. 424.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 237
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico, at low elevations.
Mexico: Sessé & Mocifio 4474 (Bo, Gen, Ma); Haenke 870 (Pr),
873 (Pr).—Veracruz: San Agustin, iebmann 4136 (Cop), 4139 (Cop).
Mirador, Liebmann 4134 (Cop).—Guerrero: Acapulco, Née (Ma, type);
Humboldt & Bonpland (P, type of P. tubiflora); Palmer 237 (B, Cal,
F, G, K, N, Y); Beechey (K); Le Jolis (Bo); Barclay 1966 (BM).
Between Juchitango and Ometepec, Nelson 2317 (N). El Ocote,
Langlassé 552bis (Gen, K).—Oaxaca: Between Mixtepec and Colo-
tepec, Nelson 2446 (G, N). Pochutla, Reko 3753 (N); Popenoe 818
(NA). Tututepec, Conzatti 4501 (N).
This species has been placed variously in Tacsonia, Murucuja,
and Psilanthus. From all these it differs in several important details.
Harms has recently made it the type of a new section (Chloropathan-
thus), a solution suggested by Triana and Planchon. It is a well
marked species, with no close relatives other than P. lancifolia, of
Jamaica.
LOCAL NAME: ‘‘Flor del aresillo.”’
122. Passiflora lancifolia Desv. in Hamilt. Prodr. 48. 1825.
Passiflora regalis Macf. Fl. Jamaica 2: 151. 1850.
Passiflora lanceolata [error] Desv. ex G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3:
54. 1834.
Decaloba lancifolia M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 159. 1846.
Plant densely or sparingly pilose with yellowish or grayish white
hairs, becoming glabrate; stem compressed; stipules linear-subulate,
4 to 7 mm. long; petioles 1 to 2 em. long, biglandular near apex,
the glands stipitate, 1 to 1.2 mm. long; leaves lanceolate, subentire
or 3-lobed (lobation variable, the middle lobe produced, lanceolate,
3 times as long as lateral, or the blade deeply lobed with oblong or
obovate lobes, the lobes acute or rounded), rounded or cordulate
at base, 3—5-nerved, entire at margin, subcoriaceous, subappressed-
pilose to glabrous; peduncles solitary or in pairs, filiform, 2 to 4 cm.
long, articulate near apex; bracts filiform, 1 to 2 mm. long, borne
above middle of peduncle, deciduous; flowers maroon or scarlet;
calyx bowl-shaped, 5 to 8 mm. long, 7 to 10 mm. wide, ventricose
at base; sepals linear, about 2 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, acute, erect;
petals none; corona filaments in a single series, filiform, 5 to 7 mm.
long, red below, yellowish(?) above; operculum membranous, 1.5
to 2 mm. long, erect, crenulate at margin, white, borne at throat of
tube, subadnate to corona filaments; limen apparently wanting;
ovary elliptic, tapering at apex, glabrous.
238 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Antilles.”’
DISTRIBUTION: Liguanea Plain and lower slopes of Blue Moun-
tains, Jamaica.
JAMAICA: Luchy Valley and Drummond Castle, Port Royal
Mountains, Macfadyen (type of P. regalis; BM, K). St. David,
Wilson (BM). Newcastle, Harris 1440 (J); Hart (BM). Silver Hill,
Harris 6536 (BM). Between Chestervale and Silver Hill, Britton 358
(Y). Farm Hill, Orcutt 3437 (N). Arntully, Orcutt 3841 (N). Moy
Hall, Orcutt 6884 (N). ‘Antilles’ (probably Jamaica), Desveaux
Herbarium (P, type).
No satisfactory place is provided for this rare Jamaican species
among Harms’ subdivisions. Although it has the highly colored
flowers of the West Indian Murucuwja and Pseudomurucuja, the
absence of petals and the gland-bearing petioles indicate a closer
relationship with the green-flowered Mexican species, P. viridiflora.
The leaves of the type specimen of P. regalis, which probably is
only a variant of P. lancifolia, greatly resemble those of forms of
P. viridiflora.
Subgenus VII. MURUCUJA
123. Passiflora orbiculata Cav. Diss. 10: 456. pl. 286. 1790.
Murucuja orbiculata Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 222. 1807.
Peremis orbiculata Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 104. 1838.
Pentaria orbiculata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 187. 1846.
Stem subtriangular, striate, glabrous or very sparingly pilosulous
toward end; stipules linear-subulate, 2 to 4 mm. long, slightly falcate;
petioles 1 to 3 cm. long, glandless; leaves suborbicular, 2 to 7 em.
long and wide, shallowly 3-lobed at the truncate apex (lobes rounded
at apex, often mucronulate, occasionally emarginate, the middle
lobe usually slightly longer than the lateral lobes), subtruncate or
cordulate at base, 3-nerved, reticulate-veined (nerves and veins
impressed above), few-ocellate, coriaceous, sublustrous and glabrous
above, dull and essentially glabrous beneath; peduncles solitary or
in pairs, 3 to 5 em. long, articulate above middle; bracts borne at
point of articulation, linear, 1 to 2 mm. long, subcoriaceous; flowers
red, reddish, or violet-purple; calyx cylindric-campanulate, 6 to 8
mm. long, 7 to 9 mm. in diameter, strongly introrse-sulcate at
base; sepals linear-oblong, 2.5 to 4 em. long, 0.6 to 0.8 cm. wide,
obtuse; petals linear or linear-oblong, 1 to 1.5 em. long, 0.2 to 0.3
mm. wide, obtuse; corona an erect, cylindric membrane 1.5 to 2 em.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 239
long, reddish, crenulate or subentire, the margin yellowish; operculum
borne at margin of tube, about 5 mm. long, dependent from base,
white, irregularly lacerate-filamentose; limen none; ovary globose,
glabrous; fruit globose, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter; seeds obovate, about
3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, transversely sulcate, with about 6 grooves.
TYPE LOCALITY: Dominican Republic, the original description
based upon a drawing of Thouin’s.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. Diss. 10: pl. 286; G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3:
56. f. 5.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Hispaniola, above 1,400 meters
altitude.
Haiti: Christ 1753 (B), 1753b (B); Jaeger 173 (B). Morne
Tranchant, Picarda 772 (B, Y). Furey, Leonard 4682 (BM, G, N,
Y); Buch 1947 (B). Pétionville, Ekman H1330 (B,N,S). Morne de
la Hotte, Ekman H121 (B,S). Mt. Ma Blanche, Ekman H617 (S).
DoMINICAN REPUBLIC: San Juan, Cordillera Central, Ekman
H13501 (N).
Masters was in error in identifying this species with P. Murucuja.
As Urban has pointed out (Symb. Ant. 3: 326), the two are quite
distinct, P. orbiculata having not only nearly orbicular leaves but
a much more prominent, deeply lacerate operculum and different
bracts. The corona is yellowish at the margin in P. orbiculata,
red throughout in P. Murucuja.
124. Passiflora Shaferi Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 44: 17. 1917.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem triangular, striate, slightly
flexuous; stipules linear-setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long, falcate; petioles
up to 7 mm. long, glandless; leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate, 2.5
to 9 em. long, 2 to 4.5 em. wide, shallowly 3-lobed (lobes obtuse,
the middle lobe slightly produced, the lateral lobes often obsolete,
or truncate at apex), rounded at base, strongly 3-nerved, reticulate-
veined, inconspicuously few-ocellate, entire at margin, subcoriaceous,
sublustrous above, dull beneath; peduncles solitary or usually in
pairs, up to 2 cm. long, articulate just above middle; bracts setaceous,
1.5 to 2 mm. long; flowers red; calyx bowl-shaped, 3 to 7 mm. long,
8 to 9 mm. wide at the 10-sulcate base; sepals spatulate, 1.5 to 2 cm.
long, 0.5 to 0.7 em. wide, obtuse, narrowed to a width of 2 to 3 mm.
at base; petals spatulate, 1 to 1.5 em. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse;
corona an erect, tubular membrane, the margin entire; operculum
membranous, erect, 2 to 3 mm. long, fimbrillate; limen fleshy,
240 FIELD MusEUM OF NATURAL History—Borany, Vou. XIX
annular, 1 to 1.5 mm. long; ovary subglobose; fruit globose, about
1 em. in diameter; seeds broadly obovate, 2 to 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 to
_2 mm. wide, transversely sulcate with 6 or 7 grooves.
TYPE LOCALITY: Between Navas and Buena Vista, Oriente, Cuba.
DISTRIBUTION: Province of Oriente, Cuba, at an altitude of about
500 meters.
CuBA: Oriente: Navas, Shafer 4466 (Y, type). Loma de La
Zambumbia, Leén 12581 (HS, Y). Alto de Las Marias, Leén 12753
(Y). Paso Estancia, Shafer 1744 (F). Baracoa, Acutia 5168 (HV);
Ekman 4333 (8S).
The spatulate sepals and petals at once distinguish this from
other species of Murucuja. The shape of the leaves suggests P. cuprea
and forms of P. cubensis.
125. Passiflora Murucuja L. Sp. Pl. 957. 1753.
Murucuja lunata Medic. Malvenfam. 97. 1787.
Murucuja ocellata Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 222. 1807.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem angular, deeply grooved, wiry;
stipules linear-setaceous, 2 to 4 mm. long, subfalcate, persistent or
deciduous; petioles up to 1.5 em. long, glandless; leaves variable,
transversely linear-oblong (1 cm. along midnerve, 4 cm. greatest
width) to obdeltoid (2.5 cm. along midnerve, 3.5 cm. between apices
of lobes), bilobed (lobes rounded or obtuse, often emarginate, the
sinus lunate or truncate, occasionally with short intermediate third
lobe), rounded or subtruncate at base, 3-nerved, reticulate-veined,
subcoriaceous, lustrous above, dull beneath; peduncles solitary or
in pairs, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, articulate just below base of flower;
bracts setaceous, 2 to 4 mm. long, borne below middle of peduncle;
flowers red, bright purple, or reddish purple; calyx bowl-shaped, 5 to
7 mm. long, 8 to 10 mm. wide at throat, introrsely 10-sulcate at
base; sepals linear-oblong, or lance-oblong, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 3 to
7 mm. wide at base, obtuse; petals linear-oblong, 1 to 2 em. long,
2.5 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse; corona a cylindric membrane 1 to 1.5 em.
long, subentire or crenulate, reddish or purplish throughout; oper-
culum membranous, borne at throat of tube, dependent from base,
2.5 to 4 mm. long, subentire; limen none; ovary ovoid, glabrous;
fruit globose, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter; seeds obovate, about 2.5 mm.
long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, transversely 6—7-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Dominica’”’ (Hispaniola).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 241
ILLUSTRATIONS: Amoen. Acad. 1: pl. 10, f. 10; Plum. Pl. Amer,
pl. 87; Bot. Reg. 7: pl. 574; G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 56. f. 6.
DISTRIBUTION: Hispaniola; known in Puerto Rico from two
collections; between sea level and 1,000 meters altitude.
LOCALITY UNCERTAIN: Linnean Herbarium (type). ‘West
Indies,” Jacquin (Ma).
PUERTO RICO: Quebradillas, Stevens 1818 (Y). Between Lares
and Arecibo, Cowles in 1925 (Y).
HAITI (throughout): Leonard 3008 (N), 3069 (N), 7203 (N),
7319 (N), 7384 (N), 7683 (N), 7690 (N), 8057 (N), 8803 (N), 8857
(N), 8869 (N), 9056 (N), 9772 (N); Leonard & Leonard 11137 (N),
11518 (K, N), 11573 (N), 12739 (N), 12940 (N), 18910 (N), 14077
(N), 14768 (N), 14949 (N), 15477 (N); Ekman H344 (B, S), H673
(B, 8), H910 (B, 8), H2254 (B), H2254b (B, N, S), H6741 (N);
Miller 208 (N); Eyerdam 325 (N); Nash 567 (Y), 794 (Y); Nash &
Taylor 1656 (Y); Picarda 1381 (B); Christ 2058 (B), 2220 (B); Buch
172 (B); Jaeger 221 (B); Batley 106 (N).
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (throughout): Swartz (S); Miller 1025 (N),
1003 (N), 1118 (N); Bredemeyer (BW); Meyerhoff 35 (B); Rathsack
(Cop); Raunkiaer 769 (Cop); Wright & Parry 29 (F, Mo, N); Rose,
Fitch & Russell 3787 (N), 3911 (B, N), 4191 (N); Abbott 507 (B, N),
1140 (N), 1913 (N), 2205 (N), 2694 (N); Tiirckheim 2628 (B), 2679
(B, BM, Brux, G, Gen, N, S, Ut, V, Y), 3190 (B); Farts 122 (N);
Duchemin 82 (P); Eggers 1546 (B, Gen), 3378 (B); Potteau in 1802
(B, Gen, P); Ridley (Gen); Richard (P); Ritter (V); Fuertes 1167 (B),
1167b (B, Gen, V); Jacquemont (N, P); Schomburgk 92 (B, BM);
Taylor 38 (B, F, Y); Valeur 134 (N); Preneloup 227 (B, Gen).
To this, one of the three Linnean species of the general group
of murucujas, several plants now recognized as distinct species have
been referred. True P. Murucuja is known only from Hispaniola
and Puerto Rico.
As noted in the description, the foliage of this species is quite
variable, but the leaves are always much broader than long, thus
differing from the allies with which the species is confused. Other
differences are discussed in connection with the various segregates.
LOCAL NAME: “‘Liane calecon”’ (Haiti).
126. Passiflora Tulae Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 374. 1899.
Plant glabrous; stem angular, striate; stipules linear-subulate,
1 to 2 mm. long, early deciduous; petioles 1 to 3 cm. long, glandless;
242 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
leaves semi-ovate or semi-elliptic, variable, 1.5 to 7 cm. along mid-
nerve, 5 to 9 cm. along lateral nerves, 5 to 10 cm. at greatest width,
shallowly, sometimes deeply, 2-3-lobed (lobes acute or rounded, the
middle lobe, if present, usually shorter than the lateral lobes),
rounded at base, 3-nerved, reticulate-veined, ocellate, subcoriaceous
or membranous, sublustrous above; peduncles solitary or in pairs,
2 to 6 em. long, articulate above middle; bracts setaceous, 2 to 3
mm. long; flowers rose-colored; calyx bowl-shaped, 4 to 5 mm.
long, 6 to 8 mm. wide, 10-sulcate; sepals linear-oblong, 3 to 4 em.
long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, obtuse; petals linear-oblong, 2.5 to 3 cm. long,
3 to 4 mm. wide; corona an erect, cylindrical membrane 1.5 to 2 em.
long, crenulate, yellowish; operculum membranous, borne at throat
of tube, dependent from base, 3 to 3.5 mm. long, lacerate, white;
limen saucer-shaped, fleshy; ovary subglobose; fruit globose, 1 to
1.5 em. in diameter; seeds ovate, 3.5 to 4 mm. long, about 2 mm.
wide, acutish at either end, transversely 10—12-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico.
ILLUSTRATION: Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 501.
f. 2381A-C.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Puerto Rico.
PUERTO Rico: Plée 869 (P); Eggers 1306 (B, type Cop, N);
Britton, Cowell & Brown 5539 (F, N, Y); Britton & Cowell 937
(N, Y); Britton, Stevens & Hess 2588 (N, Y); Sintenis 343 (B), 1171
(B, Bo, F), 2597 (B), 4176 (B, BM, G, Gen, HV, N, P, V), 5278
(G, N, V), 6010 (B, P, S), 6081 (B, HV, J, Minn), 6479 (B).
This is very closely related to P. Murucuja. The distinctive
characters of P. Tulae are: proportionately longer leaves, with
shallower lobation; petals nearly equal to sepals, not half so long;
longer operculum; presence of a limen; more numerous grooves on
the seeds. The second of these characters can not be relied upon too
fully, as the numerous specimens of both species examined show
much the same variation in the relative length of the petals and
sepals. The corona of P. Tulae is yellowish; that of P. Murucuja
reddish or purplish. Passiflora Tulae apparently is restricted to
Puerto Rico; P. Murucuja is common in Hispaniola, but very rare
in Puerto Rico.
Subgenus VIII. PPEUDOMURUCUJA
127. Passiflora perfoliata L. Sp. Pl. 956. 1753.
Murucuja perfoliata Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 43. 1826.
Pericodia perfoliata Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 104. 1838.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 243
Decaloba perfoliata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 157. 1846.
Stem angular, striate, glabrous or pilosulous; stipules linear-
subulate, 1.5 to 3 mm. long; petioles up to 5 mm. long, glandless,
glabrous or puberulous; leaves deeply bilobed (lobes widely divergent,
often as much as 90 degrees from the midnerve, oblong or slightly
lance-oblong, 2 to 6 cm. along lateral nerve, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide,
rounded, mucronulate, and often emarginate at apex, a small inter-
mediate lobe sometimes present in the sinus, the midnerve 0.5 to
1.5 em. long), deeply cordate at base (the basal lobes clasping about
stem), 3-nerved, ocellate, subcoriaceous; peduncles solitary or in
pairs, 2 to 3 cm. long, sulcate, articulate just above middle; bracts
setaceous, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, borne at point of articulation; flowers
purple-red; calyx tube obconic toward base, cylindric above, 0.7 to
1.3 em. long, 0.6 to 0.8 em. wide at throat, more or less conspicuously
10-ribbed; sepals linear-subulate, 1 to 2 em. long, 0.2 to 0.3 cm. wide
at base; petals oblanceolate, slightly longer than the sepals, 0.5 to
0.7 em. wide, acute; corona filamentose, the filaments in a single
series, linear, 3 to 5 mm. long, 0.5 to 0.7 mm. wide, yellow; operculum
membranous, borne at throat of tube, deflexed from base, 4 to 6 mm.
long, lacerate at the margin; limen none; ovary ovoid, subangulate,
glabrous; fruit globose, up to 1.5 cm. in diameter; seeds ovate or
slightly obovate, about 3 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, transversely
5- or 6-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Amoen. Acad. 1: pl. 10, f. 8; Ann. Gén. Sci.
Phys. Brux. 2: pl. 22, f. 1; Andr. Bot. Repos. 8: pl. 547; Bot. Reg.
1: pl. 78; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 501. f. 231D, E.
DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica; sea level to about 1,000 meters altitude.
JAMAICA: P. Browne (Linn, type); Bertero (Gen); Wullschligel 841
(B); Churchill in 1897 (G); Linden 1693 (Brux). St. Ann’s Bay,
Perkins 585 (B). Devil’s Cookroom, Fawcett 2128 (J). Kingston,
Crawford 631 (Ph); Lang 560 (Ph), 561 (Ph), 625 (Ph); Orcutt 4957
(Gen, N); S. Brown 363 (Ph), 384 (Ph); Harris 9516 (B, BM, J).
Rockfort, Killip 3 (N, Roch); Campbell 6291 (B,J). Hope Gardens,
Maxon 2114 (N). Port Royal Mountains, Norman 190 (BM).
Newcastle, Perkins 191 (B). Malvern, Harris 9918 (B, J). Santa
Cruz Mountains, Britton 1209 (N, Y); Perkins 831 (B). Mavis Bank,
Fawcett (J). Morant, Oersted 4152 (Cop), 4153 (Cop). Hope River,
Eggers 3469 (B). Arntully, Orcutt 2644 (N).
244 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
This is the first species cited by Harms in proposing his section
Pseudomurucuja, two other species, P. oblongata and P. cuprea,
being included in it. The flowers of the group are characterized by
Harms as having a tubular-campanulate or campanulate calyx, a
filamentose corona, at the base of which (i.e., at the apex of the tube)
there is a dependent membrane, constituting the operculum, which
is rather deeply lacerate. I am adding to the section, which is a
subgenus in the present scheme, two additional species, P. cubensis
and the poorly known P. tacsonioides. The subgenus is not so well
defined as are Chloropathanthus, Murucuja, and Psilanthus, and
perhaps should be subdivided. Passiflora perfoliata is distinguished
from all other murucujas by the linear-subulate sepals and oblanceo-
late petals much broader than the sepals, and possibly Pseudomuru-
cuja should be treated as a monotypic subgenus containing it alone.
However, more study of the material generally referred to P. ob-
longata is necessary, and the identity of P. tacsonioides should be
definitely established before a reclassification is attempted.
127a. Passiflora perfoliata var. normalis (L.) Fawe. & Rendle,
Fl. Jamaica 5: 242. 1926.
Passiflora normalis L. Syst. ed. 10, 1248. 1759.
Granadilla normalis Gaertn. f. Fruct. & Sem. 2: 479. 1791.
Passiflora cephaleima Bory, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: 152.
722, f, 17. 1819.
Cieca normalis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 144. 1846, in part.
Leaf lobes linear or linear-oblong, 2 to 8.5 em. long, 0.4 to 1 cm.
wide, the base of the blade cordate, emarginate, or rounded, the
basal lobes not overlapping. Otherwise as in the typical form.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Jacq. Hort. Schénbr. 2: pl. 182; Ann. Gén.
Sci. Phys. Brux. 2: pl. 22, f. 11.
JAMAICA: Browne (Linn, type); Houston (BM); Bancroft (K);
cultivated in Hort. Schénbrunn (BM, V); cultivated at Brussels
(Brux, type of P. cephaleima); Bertero in 1821 (Gen, V). Mavis
Bank, Maxon & Killip 1402 (N).
The plant described as P. normalis is probably best treated as a
variety of P. perfoliata, as proposed by Fawcett and Rendle. The
name was first applied by Linnaeus to a plant described by Browne,
and a barren specimen of Browne’s is in the Linnean Herbarium.
Later the name was misapplied to the Mexican plant now known
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 245
as P. mexicana. The only flowering specimens I have seen are those
from plants cultivated at the Schénbrunn Gardens, Vienna, and these
flowers do not differ from those of typical P. perfoliata.
128. Passiflora cuprea L. Sp. Pl. 955. 1753.
Passiflora Cavanillesii DC. Prodr. 3: 323. 1828.
Cieca cuprea M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 139. 1846.
Cieca Cavanillesit M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 140. 1846.
Passiflora cuprea var. Cavanillesii Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27:
635. 1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 558. 1872.
Plant essentially glabrous; stem angulate, flattened, striate;
stipules setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long, early deciduous; petioles 0.5 to
1 cm. long, glandless; leaves oval or ovate-oblong, 2.5 to 7 em. long,
1.5 to 5 em. wide, not lobed, rounded and usually mucronulate at
apex, rounded, often slightly emarginate, at base, 3-nerved, ocellate
or without ocellae, subcoriaceous or membranous; peduncles solitary
or in pairs, up to 2.5 em. long, enlarged at base of flower, articulate
above middle; bracts setaceous, 0.5 to 1 mm. long, soon deciduous;
flowers red-brown; calyx bowl-shaped, 4 to 6 mm. long, 4 to 7 mm.
wide, usually narrowed to peduncle; sepals linear-oblong, 1.5 to 2
em. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse; petals linear, 1 to 1.5 em. long,
2 to 3 mm. wide, obtuse; corona filamentose, the filaments in a single
series, 3 to 4 mm. long, 0.5 to 1 mm. wide, yellowish; operculum
membranous, scarcely 0.5 mm. long, borne at throat of tube, deflexed,
entire at margin; limen none; ovary ovoid; fruit globose, about 1 em.
in diameter; seeds obcuneate, about 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, trans-
versely 7—8-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: New Providence, Bahamas.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Martyn, Hist. Pl. Rar. pl. 37; Amoen. Acad.
1: pl. 10, f. 3; Jaeq. Icon. Pl. Rar. 3: pl. 606; Cav. Diss. 10: pl. 273
(inaccurate).
DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, eastern Cuba, and Tortue Island,
Haiti; near sea level.
“WEST INDIES”: Jacquin (Ma).
BAHAMAS (throughout): Brace 1597 (F), 4195 (F, N, Y), 4687
(F), 4943 (F), 5099 (F), 6705 (F), 6778 (F), 6825 (F), 7037 (F);
Wilson 7177 (F), 7183 (F), 7856 (F), 7887 (F), 7996 (F), 8008 (F),
8091 (F), 8274 (F); Millspaugh 2273 (F), 2305 (F), 2319 (F), 2359
(F), 9123 (F); Britton & Millspaugh 5880 (F, Y); Nash & Taylor
246 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
958 (F, Y); Northrup 243 (B, Bo, F, G); E. G. Britton 6480 (Y);
Rothrock 379 (Penn, Ph), 568 (F), 577 (F); Curtiss 43 (B, BM, Cal,
F, Gen, HV, Minn, N, P, Y); Small & Carter 8449 (B, CM, F, N, P,
Ph, Y); Eggers 3927 (B), 3927a (B), 4050 (B, BM, Bo, Cop, Gen,
N, P); Wight 129'(B, F, G).
CuBA: Rangel, Wright 2605 (B, Bo, G, Gen, P).—Matanzas:
Rugel 243 (BM).—Santa Clara: Cararién, Ekman 18548 (B, HS, S).—
Camagiiey: Cayo Guajaba, Shafer 685 (F, Y). Cayo Sabinal,
Ekman 15509 (B, S).—Oriente: Baracoa,”"Ekman 3479 (S), 4167
(BM, N,S8); Pollard, Palmer & Palmer 93 (CM, F, G, Minn, Mo, N,
Ph); Acuta 5166 (HV). Santiago, Ekman 7729 (S), 9190 (S).
Cape Maisi, Batley 15148 (N).
Haiti: Ile de Tortue, Ekman H4124 (N).
This is at once distinguished from other species of Psewdomurucuja
by its entire leaves. Like all other murucujas the plant is essentially
glabrous, and Cavanilles’ description of the stem as “‘subvillous”
and of the leaves as “ciliata, cilia tuberculis terminata,’”’ which gave
rise to the name Cavanillesii, is difficult to understand. Except for
the cilia, his illustration well depicts typical P. cuprea. The only
specimen seen by Cavanilles was one collected by Jacquin. There
is in the Cavanilles Herbarium one of Jacquin’s from the West Indies,
and this is true P. cuprea. Perhaps there was mixed with it part of
P. pectinata or P. bahamensis, both of which have ciliated leaves.
LOCAL NAME: “‘Saibey de costa’”’ (Cuba).
129. Passiflora oblongata Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 97. 1788.
Passiflora lyraefolia Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 70. pl. 4. 1808.
Passiflora elongata Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 839. 1811.
Passiflora oblonga DC. Prodr. 3: 326. 1828.
Decaloba oblongata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 155. 1846.
Decaloba lyraefolia M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 157. 1846.
Passiflora oblongata var. lyrifolia Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. I. 295.
1864.
Plant glabrous, or the younger parts finely puberulent; stem
angular, striate; stipules linear-subulate, 4 to 7 mm. long, persistent
or deciduous; petioles 1.5 to 4 em. long (those of the floral leaves
shorter), glandless, often purplish; leaves variable, generally oblong,
occasionally cuneate-obovate, usually the greatest length at least
twice the greatest width, 2-3-lobed (lobation usually one-fifth to
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 247
one-half length of blade, the intermediate lobe, if present, less than
half as long as the lateral lobes, rarely subtruncate at apex and the
intermediate lobe exceeding the lateral lobes; lobes long-acuminate,
acute, or rounded, mucronulate), rounded or acute at base, strongly
3-nerved, reticulate-veined, ocellate, coriaceous or subcoriaceous,
lustrous above; peduncles solitary or usually in pairs, about 1 cm.
long (1.5 cm. in fruit), more or less enlarged and becoming distinctly
striate toward apex, borne on elongate, leafless (or with much reduced
leaves) branches, the inflorescence thus appearing racemose; bracts
setaceous, about 2 mm. long; flowers crimson, scarlet, or rose-colored;
calyx cylindric or tubular-campanulate, 1 to 2 cm. long, 6 to 8 mm.
at greatest diameter, abruptly or gradually narrowed to the peduncle
or scarcely narrowed and even enlarged at the base; sepals linear-
oblong, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 0.4 to 0.5 em. wide, obtuse; petals linear,
about one-quarter as long as the sepals, obtuse; corona filamentose,
the filaments borne at throat of calyx tube, subulate, 1 to 1.5 mm.
long, a second row of minute filaments (0.8 to 1 mm. long) sometimes
borne about 2 mm. below the preceding (at base of operculum);
_ operculum membranous, slightly plicate, 3 to 5 mm. long, magenta,
strongly incurved from base, the margin lacerate; limen none;
gynophore slender, magenta; ovary obovate, strongly 6-angled
(appearing nearly terete in herbarium specimens); stigmas reniform;
fruit globose, about 1 cm. in diameter; seeds orbicular-ovate, 3 to
3.5 mm. long, nearly as wide, transversely 6—8-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica.
ILLUSTRATION: Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: pl. 4.
DISTRIBUTION: Throughout Jamaica, ascending to 900 meters
altitude.
JAMAICA: Swartz (S, type) ; Tussac in 1807 (P, type of P. lyrifolia) ;
Bertero in 1821 (B, V); W. Wright (BM). Mandeville, Crawford
690 (CM, Ph), 788 (CM, Ph, Y). Troy, Perkins 1397 (B, G). Mt.
Diabolo, Maxon & Killip 418 (N). Catadupa, Maxon & Killip 1557
(G, N, Y). Cuna Cuna Pass, Maxon 1700 (N). Priestman’s River,
Maxon 2508 (N). St. Thomas Parish, Maxon 9099 (B, BM, F, G,
K, N, Y), 9132 (N), 9220 (N), 9253a (N), 9503 (N). St. George’s,
Harris 5758 (B, BM, F, J). Dolphin Head, Britton & Hollick 2226
(Y). Bath, Boughton 35 (Roch); Norman 221 (BM). John Crow
Mountains, Britton 3964 (Y), 41384 (N, Y). Portland, Fawcett (J).
Lacovia, Tomlinson (J).
There are three sheets labeled Passiflora oblongata in the Swartz
Herbarium. Two are clearly the Jamaican plant commonly referred
248 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
to this species. The third sheet, labeled “Guyana,” consists of a
mixture of the foliage of P. vespertilio and a flower of P. glandulosa.
The shape of the calyx differs in these specimens. In many of
them it is cylindric, of nearly uniform diameter, except at the base,
where it is much enlarged. In Maxon & Killip 418 it is narrowed
to the peduncle. Further study of all available material is necessary,
in order to determine whether more than one species is represented.
LOCAL NAMES: “‘Red wiss,”’ “‘puss-gut.”’
130. Passiflora tacsonioides Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. I. 295. 1860.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem subquadrangular; stipules
linear-setaceous, 3 to 4 mm. long, falcate; petioles about 1 cm.
long, glandless; leaves transversely oblong in general outline, 2 to
6 cm. long, 4 to 8 cm. wide, 2-3-lobed at apex or at least not more
than a third their length (lobes rounded, apiculate), rounded at base,
ocellate beneath, coriaceous, lustrous above; peduncles “axillary,
simple, 2-1, twice as long as the petiole, jointed above the middle’;
bracts ‘‘setaceous”’; flowers 3 cm. long; calyx “‘red, the tube campanu-
late, thrice shorter than the oblong-linear lobes’’; petals “linear’’;
corona “‘short, filamentose, distant from the lacerate appendages
of the disc.”
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica.
DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica.
JAMAICA: Wullschligel 842 (B, fragment of type). Montego Bay,
Maxon & Killip 1675a (N). Fern Gully, Maxon 10376 (N). Hermi-
tage Dam, Maxon 8769 (N), 8770 (N), 8772 (N). House Hill, St.
Thomas, Maxon 9055 (N). Trafalgar River, Maxon & Killip 806
(N), 808 (N). Bath, Boughton 31 (N). John Crow Mountains,
Maxon & Killip 254 (N).
This may be merely a form of P. oblongata. Of the 11 specimens
here cited the fragmentary type material at Berlin alone has flowers.
I made no dissection of these, which are much larger than in P.
oblongata, and the floral characters stated above are derived from
Grisebach’s description. The leaves of the type are transversely
oblong, suggestive of forms of P. Murucuja. The leaves of the sterile
specimens examined vary from transversely oblong to rather deeply
bilobed, similar to forms of P. biflora; but in all cases the leaves,
which appear to be fully developed, are decidedly broader than long,
thus serving to distinguish the plant at once from typical P. oblongata.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 249
131. Passiflora cubensis Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 326. 1902.
Passiflora coriacea A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 10: 288. 1845.
Not P. coriacea Juss.
Plant essentially glabrous; stem 3-4-angular, striate; stipules
linear-subulate, 2 to 3 mm. long, persistent; petioles 4 to 10 mm.
long, glandless, purplish; leaves obdeltoid or semi-ovate in general
outline, normally bilobed about one-third the length of the blade
(1.5 to 4 em. along midnerve, 3 to 5 em. along lateral nerves, 2.5 to
5 cm. at greatest width; lobes rounded or truncate at apex, often
emarginate, rarely acute, the sinus usually rounded; extreme forms
lobed to below middle, the lobes suberect, or nearly truncate at upper
margin and merely emarginate at the tips of the principal nerves),
cuneate or rounded at base, 3-nerved, ocellate, coriaceous or sub-
coriaceous, lustrous above; peduncles solitary or in pairs, 1.5 to 2 em.
long, articulate above middle; bracts setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long,
borne at or below point of articulation; flowers red; calyx bowl-
shaped, 4 to 6 mm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, introrse at base, not
sulcate; sepals linear-oblong, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide,
obtuse; petals linear-oblong, 1 to 2 em. long, 2.5 to 3 mm. wide,
obtuse; corona filamentose, the filaments in a single series, narrowly
linear, 4 to 6 mm. long, subulate at tips, yellowish; operculum mem-
branous, erect or very slightly incurved, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, denticu-
late; limen apparently none; ovary ovoid or subglobose, faintly
longitudinally ribbed; fruit globose, up to 2 cm. in diameter; seeds
narrowly obovate, about 3 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, transversely
6-7-sulcate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Calicita, Santa Clara, Cuba.
DISTRIBUTION: Central and eastern Cuba, up to 700 meters
altitude.
CuBA: De la Sagra (P, type of P. coriacea Rich.). Sierra Maestra,
Leén 10557 (Y); Clément 563 (HS).—Habana: Habana, Otto 191 (B).
—Matanzas: San Miguel de los Bafios, Killip 13855 (N); Leén &
Roca 8866 (HS, N, Y).—Santa Clara: Calicita, Combs 318 (B, type,
F,G, Y). Santa Clara, Britton & Cowell 10193 (Y); L. B. Smith et al.
3145 (N). Cienfuegos Bay, Britton & Wilson 5714 (Y); Jack 7712
(N). Sancti Spiritus, Lwna 955 (HS). Motembo, Leén 9335 (HS).
Zapata, Ekman 18352 (B, 8S). Mordoza, Bailey 15223 (N).—Cama-
giiey: Roig 6066 (HV). La Gloria, Shafer 361 (Y). Pueblo Romano,
Shafer 2451 (F, N, Y). Camagiiey, Ekman 15365 (B, BM, S);
Shafer 871 (Y), 13107 (B, Y).—Oriente: Wright 198a (B, Brux, G,
250 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Gen, HA). La Madelina, Wright 1615 (Bo, G, Gen, HA, P, 8).
Holguin, Ekman 3256 (N, S), 15729 (B, Gen, S). Nipe, Ekman 3428
(S), 9948 (S). Antilla, Britton, Britton & Cowell 12505 (N, Y);
Shafer 3772 (N, Y).
This plant has been confused with the Jamaican P. oblongata by
Masters and others. As Urban points out, the shorter calyx tube,
the erect (not dependent) operculum, much shorter petioles, and the
fact that the flowers are not in a raceme-like inflorescence readily
separate P. cubensis from its near relative. |
In Wright 198a and Shafer 871 the leaves are scarcely lobed;
the flowers, however, appear to be identical with those of typical
P. cubensis. In Shafer 3772 the leaves are deeply bilobate, resem-
bling forms of P. ornithoura.
Subgenus IX. PSILANTHUS
132. Passiflora bicuspidata (Karst.) Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27:
635. 1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 558. 1872.
Tacsonia cuneata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 183. 1845. Not P. cuneata
Willd.
Distephana cuneata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 200. 1846.
Tacsonia bicuspidata Karst. Linnaea 30: 160. 1859-60.
Stem angular, longitudinally sulcate, glabrous or minutely pilosu-
lous; stipules setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long,
slender, glandless; leaves cuneate-oblong, 4 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 2.5
cm. wide, 2-lobed at apex (lobes deltoid, less than 1 cm. long, acute,
erect), prominently 3-nerved, closely reticulate-veined, ocellate,
subcoriaceous, glabrous; peduncles solitary or in pairs, up to 2 cm.
long, slender, articulate near apex; bracts setaceous, 3 to 4 mm. long,
borne on upper half of peduncle; flowers red-brown or rose-purple;
calyx cylindric, 2.5 to 4 em. long, 2.5 to 6 mm. wide, dilated at base,
up to 1 cm. wide, glabrous; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long,
5 mm. wide, obtuse; petals linear, 0.8 to 1 em. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide;
corona filaments filiform, 3 to 4 mm. long, very slender, in a single
series at throat of tube, pale; operculum membranous, 4 to 5 mm.
long, borne at base of tube, erect, fimbrillate at margin; limen none;
ovary ovoid, glabrous; fruit subglobose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bogota, Colombia.
ILLUSTRATION: Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 501.
f. 231F, G.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 251
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, between 2,300
and 3,300 meters altitude.
COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Péramo de Las Cruces, Funck &
Schlim 1382 (Bo, Gen, P).—Cundinamarca: Bogota, Karsten (V,
type); Lindig 554 (BM); Goudot (P). Fusagasugdé, Lehmann 2498
(Bo, K); Triana 2959 (BM, Gen, K). Choachi, Lindig 636 (P).
Sibaté, Popenoe 1114 (N); Pennell 2408 (G, N, Y); Lehmann 7429
(B, K, N); Dawe in 1919 (K). Zipaquira, Pennell 2562A (Y).
Passiflora bicuspidata, P. hyacinthiflora, and P. trinervia con-
stitute a well marked group of Passiflora, apparently confined to the
Central and Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, and connecting Muru-
cuja and its allies to Tacsonia and its allies.
133. Passiflora hyacinthiflora Planch. & Linden, Ann. Sci. Nat.
V. Bot. 17: 179. 1873.
Passiflora hyacinthiflora var. bilobata Planch. & Linden, Ann.
Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17: 180. 1873.
Passiflora hyacinthiflora var. tridentata Planch. & Linden, Ann.
Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17: 180. 1878.
Stem flattened, striate, finely pilosulous; stipules setaceous,
about 3 mm. long; petioles up to 8 mm. long, glandless; leaves oblong
or elliptic, 5 to 7 em. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, shallowly 2-3-lobed
(lobes deltoid, acute), subcuneate or rounded at base, 3-nerved
(nerves nearly parallel), coarsely reticulate, ocellate, lustrous and
glabrous above, appressed-pubescent on nerves beneath; peduncles
solitary or in pairs, up to 3 cm. long, articulate above middle;
bracts setaceous, about 3 mm. long, borne on upper half of peduncle;
flowers purple(?); calyx cylindric, 3 to 4 (or up to 7?) em. long, 0.5
to 0.7 em. wide, slightly dilated below, rounded at base or tapering
to peduncle, densely pilosulous without; sepals linear-subspatulate,
2 to 2.5 em. long, about 1 cm. wide, obtuse; petals about one-third
as long as the sepals; corona filamentose, the filaments few (about
16 to 20), in a single series; operculum borne a short distance above
base of tube, fimbriate above, the threads strongly flexuous; ovary
hirsute-tomentose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Paramo de Las Cruces, Department of Norte de
Santander, Colombia.
ILLUSTRATION: Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 42.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, between 2,900
and 3,300 meters altitude.
252 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Paramo de Las Cruces, Funck &
Schlim 1383 (Gen, type collection). Between Pamplona and Toledo,
Killip & Smith 19849 (G, N).—Santander: Las Vegas, Killip &
Smith 15935 (N).. Slopes of Paramo Rico, Killip & Smith 17753 (N).
Slope of Paramo de Las Puentes, Killip & Smith 18158 (G, N, Y).
This closely resembles the preceding, and the few points of differ-
ence between the two perhaps are not of sufficient importance to
justify the separation. The authors of the species stress the fact
that the calyx of P. hyacinthiflora is attenuate at the base, whereas
in P. bicuspidata it is rounded. The specimen of the type collection
at Geneva, evidently not seen by Planchon, has flowers with both
attenuate and rounded bases. Other differences noted are the more
deeply fringed operculum of P. hyacinthiflora, the pilosulous calyx
tube, hirsute-tomentose ovary, and a slightly different venation of
the leaves.
134. Passiflora trinervia (Juss.) Poir. in Lam. Encyl. Suppl. 2:
843. 1811.
Tacsonia trinervia Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 390. pl. 58. 1805.
Stem stout, angulate, densely grayish-tomentose; stipules seta-
ceous, up to 1 em. long; petioles up to 1.5 em. long, glandless; leaves
oblong, 6 to 10 em. long, 3.5 to 5 em. wide, 3-lobed at apex (middle
lobe deltoid, acute, much the largest, the lateral lobes obtuse or
acutish, often nearly obsolete), rounded or subcordate at base, 3-
nerved, reticulate-veined, glabrescent or pilosulous above, densely
ferruginous-tomentose beneath; peduncles slender, up to 10 cm. long,
pendulous; bracts setaceous, 1 cm. long, borne slightly below middle
of peduncle; calyx cylindric, up to 12 cm. long, 1 cm. wide (at
throat), dilated just above base, abruptly narrowed to peduncle,
rose-colored without, yellow-green proximally, cream-colored distally
within, glabrous; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3 cm. long, 6 mm. wide,
rose-colored, marginally banded with white within; petals linear-
oblong, 1.5 em. long, 3 mm. wide, deep rose; corona filamentose, the
filaments 35 to 40, 2 to 3 mm. long, cream-colored; operculum borne
about 3 em. above base of tube, reduced to about 12 weak, pink
threads 4 mm. long; limen none; anthers purplish black, green at
center; ovary narrowly ovoid, densely ferruginous-hirsute; fruit
ovoid, 3.5 to 4 em. long, 2 cm. in diameter, densely ferruginous-
hirsute; seeds obovate or obcordate, 4 to 6 mm. long, 2.5 to 3 mm.
wide, transversely sulcate with 8 or 9 rugulose ridges.
TYPE LOCALITY: “Sur les bords du fleuve Cassiquiare.”’
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 253
ILLUSTRATION: Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: pl. 58.
DISTRIBUTION: Central part of Central Cordillera of Colombia,
about 3,000 meters altitude; very doubtfully in southern Venezuela.
CoLOMBIA: Humboldt & Bonpland (B, P, type); Purdie (G, K,
P).—Tolima (Quindio Trail): Jervise (K); Karsten (V). La Ceja,
Killip & Hazen 9512 (N); Goudot (Bo, P). Agua Bonita, Killip &
Hazen 9524 (G, N, Ph, Y), 9542 (N). Gallegas, Triana 2952 (BM,
Brux, N, Gen, HNC, P, Y); Linden 1127 (BM, Bo, Gen, P, V). Las
Cruces, André 2280 (K, Y).—Caldas: Lagunetas, Quindio Trail,
Killip & Hazen 9097 (G, N, Ph, Y), 9411 (N), 9477 (G, N, Ph, Y);
Holton 707 (Bo, Gen, K, Y). Cucarronera, New Quindio Trail,
Hazen 9692 (G, N, Y).
Both Jussieu and Kunth (in HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 142)
give the Cassiquiare River in Venezuela as the locality for the Hum-
boldt and Bonpland type specimen. This species is fairly common
at high elevations along the Quindio Trail, where its dependent,
rose-colored flowers are a striking feature of the vegetation, and it
could scarcely have been overlooked by Humboldt and Bonpland
in following this historic trail. I believe that there must be a con-
fusion in locality data, and that the type came from the Quindio;
it is very unlikely that this plant of the mountains grows “along
the banks of the Cassiquiare River’’ in southern Venezuela.
The data on the size and coloring of the floral parts were obtained
from a living plant (Killip & Hazen 9411).
135. Passiflora sanguinolenta Mast. Gard. Chron. 1868: 1162.
1868.
Passiflora Mastersiana Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 18: Beibl. 46: 8. 1894.
Plant densely villous-hirsute throughout; stem angulate; stipules
setaceous, 3 to 5 mm. long; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, glandless;
leaves lunate-bilobed (sinus rounded or truncate; lobes lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 2 cm. wide at base, mucronulate), cordate,
membranous; peduncles slender, up to 5 em. long, articulate above
middle; bracts none or soon deciduous; flowers dull red or reddish
violet; calyx tube cylindric, 1 to 2 em. long, conspicuously nerved;
sepals linear-oblong, 1.5 to 2 em. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide; petals linear,
0.8 to 1 em. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide; corona in 2 series, one borne at
the throat of the calyx, the filaments subulate, 4 to 5 mm. long,
distally white, proximally red or violet, the other borne close to
the operculum, consisting of a few, very slender, white(?) filaments
254 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
about 2 mm. long; operculum membranous, erect, irregularly incised;
limen fleshy, about 1.5 mm. high, closely surrounding gynophore,
crenulate at margin; ovary ovoid, densely pilose-hirsute; the fruit
not known.
TYPE LOCALITY: “Colombia,” perhaps Ecuador (type collected
by Wallis).
ILLUSTRATIONS: Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: pl. 128, f. 3; Gard.
Chron. 2: 227. f. 47. 1874; Journ. Hort. Soc. London n. ser. 4: pl. 8;
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3, 6a: 72. f. 25@; ed. 2, 21: 477. f. 218C.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Ecuador, between 2,000 and 2,600
meters altitude.
Ecuapor: Lobb 151 (K). Chuquiribamba, André 44146 (Y).—
Loja: Las Juntas, Lehmann 4836 (B, type of P. Mastersiana, G, K,
N, 8S); Rose 23233 (G, N, Y). Loja, Rose 23900 (N); Hitchcock 21470
(N), 21494 (G, N).
This is an anomalous species, very doubtfully referable to Psil-
anthus. The shape of the leaves, the indument, and the absence of
bracts suggest an affinity with P. rubra, but the tubular calyx and
the nonplicate operculum indicate that it does not belong to Plecto-
stemma. Its fruit is unknown, and the ovules in the material at hand
are not sufficiently developed to show the sculpturing. Were the
mature seeds known to be transversely suleate with smooth ridges,
its relationship with P. rubra would be even more apparent.
Subgenus X. ADENOSEPALA
186. Passiflora Ernesti Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 59. 1928.
A woody vine, glabrous throughout; stem terete, striate; stipules
linear-subulate, 4 to 5 mm. long, soon deciduous; petioles about 1 cm.
long, biglandular near base, the glands sessile; leaves ovate or oblong,
5 to 12 em. long, 2 to 5 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, mucronulate at
apex, rounded or subacute at base, entire, 1-nerved, reticulate-
veined, coriaceous, lustrous above, dull beneath; peduncles solitary
or in pairs, 1 to 4 em. long, slender; bracts narrowly lance-linear,
about 8 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, biglandular on each side near base;
flowers red; calyx tube urceolate-campanulate, 3 to 5 mm. long, 10
to 12 mm. wide at throat; sepals linear, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, 4 to 5 mm.
wide, dorsally short-corniculate just below apex, usually glandular
on outside near margin, the glands oblong, 2 mm. long, sessile; petals
narrowly linear, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse, glandless;
corona a thick, fleshy ring 3 to 4 mm. high, erect, cleft at margin into
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 255
triangular-dentiform processes about 2 mm. long, and bearing within
a row of narrowly linear filaments 2 to 3 mm. long; operculum borne
at middle of tube, membranous, suberect, plicate at base, denticulate
or subentire; limen annular; gynophore slender; ovary ovoid, tapering
above middle.
TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Negro, Mandaos, State of Amazonas, Brazil.
DISTRIBUTION: Middle and upper Amazon Basin, Brazil.
BraAzIL: Amazonas: Neumann (BM, N). Manaos, Ule in 1910
(B, type); Ducke 23558 (Bo, K, N, 8, Ut); Labroy 162 (P).—Paréa:
Rio Tapajoz, Ducke 648 (Bo, K, N, 8, Ut).
In describing this species Harms commented on the difficulty of
placing it in either Granadilla or Plectostemma. The corona is a
thick ring, cleft into dentiform processes at the margin, within which
is a row of narrower filaments, the corona thus being quite unlike
that of any other known species of Passiflora. Evidently the species
represents a monotypic subgenus. The vegetative parts are very
similar to those of P. glandulosa and P. variolata.
Subgenus XI. TACSONIOPSIS
187. Passiflora bracteosa Planch. & Linden, Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot.
17: 187. 1878.
Tacsonia infundibularis Mast. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 21: 34.
1883.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem angular; stipules foliaceous, 1 to
1.5 em. long, 0.7 to 1 cm. wide, cuspidate, oblique at base, irregularly
glandular-serrate; petioles 2.5 to 4 cm. long, bearing 4 to 6 small
glands; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long, up to 15 cm. wide between tips of
lateral lobes, deeply 3-lobed (lobes ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
2 to 3.5 em. wide, acuminate, the middle lobe the longest), rounded
or cordulate at base, sharply serrate, 5-nerved; peduncles stout, up
to 15 em. long; bracts distinct to base, oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 5 cm.
long, 2 to 2.5 em. wide, evenly erose-denticulate or serrate, mem-
branous, light green, borne slightly below base of flower; calyx tube
orange-pink, greenish distally without, white within, cylindric-
funnel-shaped, 7 to 9 cm. long, slightly inflated at base, broadly
campanulate above throat, 5-lobed, the lobes extending halfway
down to throat, greenish without, white within; petals 5, ovate-
oblong, about 1.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, inserted between the lobes of
the calyx (hence above throat); corona deep pink, consisting of
2 rings, each sinuate-dentate or tuberculate (teeth or tubercles
256 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VoL. XIX
about 10, those of the inner ring less prominent); operculum mem-
branous, about 7 mm. long, deflexed, the margin lobulate; gynophore
slender, white; fruit globose-ovoid, about 7 cm. long, 11 cm. at
greatest circumference, bright orange, green proximally, densely
covered with long (about 5 mm.) tubercles.
TYPE LOCALITY: La Baja, Department of Santander, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Department of Santander, in the Eastern Cor-
dillera of Colombia, between 2,500 and 3,000 meters altitude.
COLOMBIA: Santander: La Baja, Funck & Schlim 1381 (BM, type
of Tacsonia infundibularis, Bo, Brux, Gen, P, type); Killip & Smith
18320 (A, G, N, Y). Las Vegas, Killip & Smith 15926 (A, G, N,
V,Y). California, Killip & Smith 16889 (A, G, N, Y).
This species may well be sufficiently distinct from Passiflora
to constitute a separate genus. The sepals are free only halfway to
the throat of the calyx tube, the petals being inserted at the base
of the free sepals. The fruit is densely covered with tubercle-like
protuberances, and is thus quite unlike that of any other known
species of Passiflora. Triana and Planchon created for this species
the subgenus Tacsoniopsis.
The plant appears to be rare and local, confined to the Bucara-
manga region in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia.
Tacsonia infundibularis Mast. was based on Funck & Schlim 1381,
also the type of P. bracteosa. The flowers of the specimen examined
by Masters were not in prime condition, and he evidently did not
appreciate their peculiar structure.
Subgenus XII. RATHEA
138. Passiflora andina Killip, nom. nov. Figure 1, b.
Rathea floribunda Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 77. pl. 38. 1859.
Tacsonia floribunda Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 628. 1871; in
Mart. FI. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 588. 1872.
Tacsonia floribunda var. major Mast. Journ. Linn. Soc. 20: 26.
1883.
Tacsonia Andreana Sodiro, Anal. Univ. Quito 18: 334. 1903. Not
P. Andreana Mast. (1883).
Passiflora floribunda Tr. & Planch. ex Harms in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 506. 1925. Not P. floribunda Lemaire
(1848).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 257
Plant glabrous throughout (except flowers); stem subquin-
quangular; stipules linear-lanceolate, 8 to 10 mm. long, about 2 mm.
wide, glandular-serrulate, deciduous; petioles up to 5 ecm. long,
minutely 2-6-glandular; leaves 3-5-lobed to within 2 cm. of base
(lobes narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, acute,
serrulate above middle), 5 to 10 cm. wide between apices of lateral
lobes, rounded or subcuneate at base, subcoriaceous; peduncles up
to 10 cm. long, terete; bracts oblong-lanceolate, up to 4 em. long,
2 em. wide, acute, free to base, serrulate; calyx tube cylindric or
cylindric-funnel-shaped, 5 to 10 cm. long, 1.3 to 3 cm. wide at throat,
5-ribbed, finely puberulent without, greenish yellow (or orange or
red proximally, yellow distally); sepals oblong, one-third to one-
fourth as long as tube, obtuse, aristulate on outside just below apex;
petals oblong or obovate-oblong, 3 to 6 cm. long, 0.8 to 1.2 em. wide,
obtuse, inserted at or slightly above middle of tube; corona none;
operculum borne near base of tube, deflexed, denticulate; ovary
elliptic, densely short-villous-tomentose, long-stipitate above the
stamens; fruit ellipsoidal, 6 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter, the
pericarp brittle, somewhat puberulent; seeds narrowly elliptic, about
6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, slightly compressed, smooth at margin,
obscurely transversely 2—3-sulcate at center of each face.
TYPE LOCALITY: “‘In fruticetis altae planitiei Andium Pastoensium
et Quitensium prope Guayan in valle Lloensi altitud. 2,700 metr.”’
ILLUSTRATIONS: Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: pl. 38; Rev. Chil. Hist.
Nat. 11: pl. 9; Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 20: pl. 19.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of northern Ecuador, and perhaps in
southwestern Colombia.
ECUADOR or COLOMBIA: “Pasto, Quito, 2,800 m.,’’ Karsten
(V, type of Rathea floribunda).
ECUADOR: Guayas: Jameson 593 (BM, P).—Pichincha: Mt.
Corazoén, 2,500 meters, André 3679 (K, type of Tacsonia floribunda
var. major, Y); Sodiro in 1908 (Mille 229; N). Tandacoto, Heilborn
497 (B, S).
This remarkable species, with the petals inserted below the throat
of the calyx tube, is perhaps sufficiently distinct to justify the main-
tenance of Karsten’s genus Rathea. Other details of the flower
structure, however, seem characteristic of the tacsonias, and in view
of the broad concept of Passiflora in the present work, it seems pref-
erable to treat this as a subgenus.
258 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
In transferring this species to Passzflora it is necessary to adopt
a new name, as the names Passzflora floribunda and P. Andreana are
invalidated by earlier use.
The plant described as a variety (var. major) by Masters and
later as Tacsonia Andreana by Sodiro apparently differs from Kar-
sten’s description of Rathea floribunda only in having larger flowers
with the tube more strongly dilated at the throat. The illustration
accompanying Sodiro’s description is very similar to that given by
Karsten, the principal difference being the angular calyx tube.
Karsten’s statement of the type locality is uncertain, nor is the
information on the type sheet of much assistance. There is no
positive evidence of the occurrence of this species outside of Ecuador;
the Purdie collection from Colombia cited as this by Masters belongs
to another species.
Subgenus XIII. TACSONIA
139. Passiflora Parritae (Mast.) Bailey, Rhodora 18: 156. 1916.
Tacsonia Parritae Mast. Gard. Chron. n. ser. 17: 218, 225. f. 34.
1882.
Passiflora salmonea Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 18: Beibl. 46: 11. 1894.
Stem angulate, glabrous or slightly tomentulous at the nodes,
dark reddish brown; stipules setaceous, 5 to 6 mm. long, remotely
glandular-serrulate; petioles up to 2 cm. long, bearing 2 to 4 incon-
spicuous, sessile glands; leaves 5 to 7 cm. long, 5 to 7 cm. between
tips of lateral lobes, 3-lobed about four-fifths their length (lobes
lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, acuminate, apiculate), subcuneate at
base, remotely denticulate, membranous, glabrous above, pilosulous
beneath; peduncles 12 to 14 cm. long; bracts ovate, about 7 mm.
long, 3 mm. wide (probably larger when developed), acute, apiculate,
glandular-serrulate, free to base, early deciduous; flowers orange or
salmon; calyx tube cylindric, 8 to 9 cm. long, ventricose and slightly
sulcate at base, glabrous; sepals oblong, 6 to 7 cm. long, 2.5 to 3 cm.
wide, obtuse, keeled, the keel broadly winged, about 1 cm. wide,
terminating in an awn 7 to 8 mm. long; petals oblong, slightly shorter
than the sepals, obtuse; corona minutely tuberculate; operculum
deflexed, recurved at margin; ovary ellipsoidal, sericeous.
__.. TYPE LOCALITY: Department of Tolima, Colombia (type collected
by Parra [Parrita])..
ILLUSTRATIONS: Gard. Chron. n. ser. 17: 225. f. 34. 1882; IIl.
Hort. 35: pl. 41; Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 38.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 259
DISTRIBUTION: Central Cordillera of Colombia, between 2,000
and 2,600 meters altitude.
COLOMBIA: Tolima: Carder (K). Libano, Pennell 3196 (G, N, Y).
—Antioquia: Pensilvania, Rio Dulce, Lehmann 7282 (B, type of
P. salmonea, K). Pdramo de Ruiz, Lehmann 6094 (K).
The broad keel of the sepals at once distinguishes this from all
other known species of Passiflora. The flowers are of a more decided
orange, or salmon, color than in other tacsonias. Harms places
this species in a subsection (Parritanae) of his section Tacsonia.
140. Passiflora cremastantha Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 294.
1922.
Plant hirsute-tomentose; stem terete, or the younger parts sub-
angular; stipules linear, up to 1 em. long; petioles up to 4 em. long,
bearing several minute glands imbedded in the dense indument;
leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 9 to 16 em. long, 5 to 11 cm. wide,
acute at apex, subcordate or rounded at base, serrate-dentate,
pilosulous on the nerves and veins above, densely ferruginous-
hirsute-tomentose beneath; peduncles 10 to 30 cm. long, very
slender; bracts free to base, ovate, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, 1 to 1.2 cm.
wide, entire, acute; calyx tube cylindric, 4 to 6.5 em. long, densely
pilosulous without; sepals oblong, 4 to 4.5 em. long, 1 to 1.2 cm. wide,
aristulate; petals similar and subequal to sepals; corona 1-ranked,
tuberculate, the tubercles about 0.5 mm. long; operculum dependent,
recurved at margin; ovary hirsute-tomentose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Alto de Pasares, between Popayan and Coco-
nuco, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from type locality, in the southern
part of the Central Cordillera of Colombia, at 2,500 meters altitude.
COLOMBIA: El Cauca: Alto de Pasares, between Popaydn and
Coconuco, Lehmann 5421 (B, type, F, G, K, Y).
Among the long-peduncled tacsonias with a reduced corona this
species is recognized by its dense, brown pubescence as well as by
the shape of its leaves.
The method of grouping the true tacsonias adopted in this revision
is perhaps rather artificial, and may not represent actual relationship.
Masters’ classification on the basis of free or united bracts certainly
does not bring related species into close proximity. Triana and
Planchon relied on the character of the corona to subdivide their
subgenus Tacsonia, but this is open to objection on the same grounds.
260 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
The coronal structure of the true tacsonias is very simple, and shows
little of the variation occurring in Plectostemma, Murucuja and its
related subgenera, and Granadilla. Passiflora cremastantha and the
five following species, with long, slender peduncles and usually with
polymorphic leaves, appear to represent a small, definite group.
141. Passiflora leptomischa Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 295.
1922.
- Stem subangulate, conspicuously striate, glabrous; stipules linear,
8 to 10 mm. long, spongiose-thickened toward apex; petioles up to
2 cm. long, bearing 4 to 6 minute glands; leaves dimorphic, unlobed
and lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 7 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 cm.
wide, long-acuminate, or 3-lobed nearly to base (lobes lanceolate,
up to 1.5 em. wide), rounded or subcordate at base, serrate-dentate,
puberulent on nerves and veins above, densely short-pilosulous
beneath; peduncles slender, 15 to 25 cm. long; bracts free to base,
oblong, 2 to 2.5 em. long, about 8 mm. wide, acuminate, lacinulate-
dentate, deeply so at base; calyx tube cylindric, 5 to 8 cm. long,
puberulent without; sepals oblong, 2.5 to 5 em. long, 1 to 2 cm.
wide, obtuse, aristulate; petals similar to sepals, slightly clawed at
base; corona 1-ranked, tuberculate, the tubercles less than 0.5 mm.
long; ovary fusiform, grayish-puberulent.
TYPE LOCALITY: Andes west of Popayan, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern part of the Western Cordillera of
Colombia, between 2,500 and 3,000 meters altitude.
COLOMBIA: El] Cauca: Cerro Munchique, Stiibel 321b (B). Cor-
dillera west of Popayan, Lehmann 5917 (B, type, F, K). El De-
rrumbo, Killip 7972 (G, N, Ph, Y).
In leaf shape this species closely resembles certain forms of
P. antioquiensis. The proportionately longer calyx tube at once
differentiates it.
142. Passiflora fimbriatistipula Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 18: Beibl.
46: 11. 1894. j
Stem angulate, glabrous; stipules ovate, 1 to 1.38 cm. long, 5 mm.
wide, laciniate-fimbriate; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, minutely
glandular, tomentellous; leaves ovate, 5 to 6.5 em. long, 2.5 to 3.5
cm. wide, acuminate, rounded or subcuneate at base, denticulate-
serrate (teeth 1 to 2 mm. long), subcoriaceous, dark green, lustrous,
glabrous and subtomentellous on the nerves above, lanate-tomentose
beneath; peduncles 8 to 15 em. long; bracts 2 to 2.5 (or up to 4.5)
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 261
em. long, united below middle, the free portions irregularly serrate;
calyx tube cylindric, slightly enlarged at throat, 5 (or up to 8) em.
long, light scarlet without, black-brown within, finely pilosulous with-
out; sepals oblong, about 3.5 em. long and 1.5 em. wide, rounded at
apex, aristate (awn 6 mm. long); petals similar and subequal to
the sepals, orange-scarlet; corona reduced to a mere ring with a
slightly undulate margin; operculum dependent, the margin recurved,
minutely fimbriolate; ovary elliptic-oblong, villosulous.
TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Paramo of Las Delicias, 2,900 to 3,200 meters,
Colombia.”
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality in the Central
Cordillera of Colombia, east of Popayan, 2,900 to 3,000 meters
altitude.
COLOMBIA: El Cauca: Paramo de Guanacas, Lehmann 6001
(B, type, K, N, Y).
This rare species is distinguished by the deeply cut stipules. The
peduncles are stouter than in other species of this immediate relation-
ship, though when developed they are long and pendulous.
The locality given for the type in Lehmann’s field notes, deposited
at Kew, is different from that mentioned at the place of publication
of the species.
143. Passiflora quindiensis Killip, nom. nov.
Passiflora elegans Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17: 133.
1873. Not P. elegans Mast. (1872).
Stem terete, striate; stipules ovate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 5 to 7 mm.
wide, cuspidate, oblique, incised-serrate; petioles up to 1.5 em. long,
minutely glandular; leaves 4 to 6 cm. long, up to 7 em. wide between
apices of lateral lobes, deeply 3-lobed (lobes about four-fifths the
length of blade, ovate-oblong, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, acuminate, cuspi-
date), subcordate at base, sharply ciliate-serrate, membranous,
sparsely pilosulous above, grayish-tomentose and velutinous beneath;
peduncles 15 cm. long, or more; bracts ovate-oblong, united below
middle, 2 to 3 em. long, serrulate, puberulent on both surfaces,
reddish; calyx tube cylindric, about 8 cm. long, 0.8 cm. wide, gla-
brous; sepals oblong, about 3 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, mucronulate;
petals narrowly oblong, truncate at apex; corona a scarcely elevated
ridge (margin not sinuate or tuberculate); operculum deflexed, the
margin fimbriolate; limen none; ovary ovoid-ellipsoidal.
TYPE LOCALITY: El] Palmar, Quindio Trail, Colombia.
262 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from type locality, in the Central
Cordillera of Colombia.
CoLoMBIA: Tolima: El Palmar, Quindio Trail, Goudot 1 (P, type
of P. elegans Tr. & Planch.).
The exact position that this species should occupy among the
tacsonias is doubtful. The general aspect of the plant and the
united bracts suggest P. mixta, but because of the long, slender
peduncles it is perhaps better placed near P. leptomischa. In the
type specimen, apparently the only collection known, the involucre
is detached from the rest of the plant and, as Triana and Planchon
suggest, may belong to another species. The obsolescent corona,
neither sinuate nor tuberculate along the margin, calls to mind
P. andina, of the subgenus Rathea.
144. Passiflora coactilis (Mast.) Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
14: 212. 1924.
Tacsonia coactilis Mast. Bot. Jahrb. 8: 216. 1887.
Tacsonia Mariae Sodiro, Anal. Univ. Quito 18: 407. 1903.
Tacsonia Mariae var. chimborazensis Sodiro, Anal. Univ. Quito
18: 407. 1903.
Passiflora Mariae Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2,
21: 506. 1925.
Stem subterete, rufo-lanate; stipules linear-subulate, 8 to 10 mm.
long; petioles up to 2.5 mm. long, minutely glandular, rufo-lanate,
often with numerous black hairs mixed with the tomentum; leaves
6 to 12 em. long and wide, 3-lobed to middle (lobes triangular-ovate,
obtuse or acute, mucronulate, the middle lobe much the larger, up
to 5 em. wide), cordate or subrotund at base, denticulate, subcoria-
ceous, above puberulent on the nerves, otherwise glabrous, beneath
densely rufo-lanate, often with numerous stiff, black hairs on the
midnerve and mixed in the tomentum, rugulose above, the nerves
impressed; peduncles slender, 10 to 20 cm. long; bracts oblong-
lanceolate, up to 5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, acute, united for about
5 mm. above the base, rufo-tomentose, entire or slightly serrulate;
flowers rose-colored; calyx tube cylindric, 8 to 10 cm. long, rufo-
lanate without; sepals oblong, 5 to 7 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 em. wide,
obtuse, aristulate; petals similar to and slightly shorter than the
sepals, obtuse; corona filamentose, in 2 series, the outer up to 3 mm.
long, the inner 1 mm. or less long; operculum dependent, recurved at
margin; ovary ovoid, rufo-tomentose; fruit subpyriform, about 9 cm.
long, 4 cm. in diameter, glabrescent; seeds obovate, 8 mm. long,
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 263
6 mm. wide, retuse at apex, flattened, punctate at middle of each
face, smooth at margin.
TYPE LOCALITY: Between Calicali and Mt. Corazén, Ecuador.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of central Ecuador.
Ecuapor: André 309 (K). “Andes, 2,200 to 2,800 meters,”
Jameson 249 (BM, G, Gen, K, P).—Pichincha: Karsten (V). Mt.
Corazén, Sodiro in 1902 (Mille 230; N); Lehmann 368 (Bo, K, type);
André 3654 (K).—Chimborazo: Tambolona, Sodzro in 1881 (N, type
of Tacsonia Mariae var. chimborazensis).
This species is readily recognized by the shape of the leaves and
the dense, brown indument which covers the stem, petioles, peduncles,
and under surface of the leaves.
145. Passiflora flexipes Tr.-& Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17:
142. 1873.
Tacsonia flexipes Mast. Journ. Linn. Soc. 20: 26. 1883.
Stem subangulate, tomentellous, the younger part densely tomen-
tose; stipules linear-subulate, 5 mm. long; petioles up to 5 cm. long,
obscurely glandular; leaves polymorphic, unlobed and lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, 10 to 20 em. long, 5 to 8 cm. wide, acuminate, or
3-lobed to about 2 cm. from base (lobes ovate-oblong, 1 to 3 cm. wide,
rarely one of the lateral lobes wanting), subcordate at base, sharply
serrate, puberulent on the nerves and veins above, tomentose beneath;
peduncles very slender, 25 to 40 cm. long; bracts free to base, oblong,
cuspidate, incised-dentate; flowers pink; calyx tube cylindric, 8 to 11
cm. long, ventricose at base, finely puberulent; sepals oblong, about
5 em. long, 1.5 em. wide, aristate, deep rose-pink within, deep rose-
pink at margin, brownish at center, with greenish midrib without;
petals ovate-oblong, about 4.5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, obtuse, deep
rose-pink; corona filamentose, 1-ranked, the filaments slender, 3 to 4
mm. long, hyacinth-violet; operculum dependent, the recurved
margin fimbrillate; ovary fusiform, closely sericeous.
TYPE LOCALITY: La Palmilla, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Central part of the Central Cordillera of Co-
lombia, 2,000 to 2,800 meters altitude.
CoLoMBIA: Tolima: Mendiacién, eastern slope of Quindio moun-
tains, André 2053 (K, Y). Quindio Trail, Goudot (P).—Caldas: La
Palmilla, Triana 2970 (BM, type, Gen, K, P). Salento, Pennell
9332 (G, N, Ph, Y).
264 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
In several details this species strongly resembles P. antioquiensis.
~The elongate calyx tube and conspicuously filamentose corona are
quite different, however. The detailed notes on the flowers are based
on field observations made by Dr. Pennell.
146. Passiflora insignis (Mast.) Hook. Bot. Mag. 99: pl. 6069.
1873.
Tacsonia insignis Mast. Gard. Chron. 1873: 1118. f. 239. 1873.
Stem terete, densely lanate; stipules about 2 cm. long, 1 cm. wide,
bipinnatisect, the segments acute; petioles up to 2 cm. long, obscurely
2-4-glandular, densely lanate; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 15 to 25 cm.
long, 7 to 12 em. wide, acute at apex, cordulate at base, denticulate,
38-—5-nerved, coriaceous, above glabrous, lustrous, and rugulose,
beneath densely ferruginous-lanate; peduncles 15 to 20 cm. long,
stout; bracts ovate-oblong, distinct to base, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, 1 to
1.5 em. wide, obtuse at apex, narrowed at base, short-fimbriate,
concave; calyx tube cylindric, 3 to 4 cm. long, about 8 mm. wide,
enlarged at base to about 15 mm., slightly ferruginous-tomentose
without; sepals violet-crimson, oblong, 7 to 9 cm. long, nearly 2 cm.
wide, obtuse, concave, keeled dorsally, the keel terminating in an awn
1.5 to 2 em. long; petals oblong, 6 to 7 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. wide,
obtuse, rose-purplish; corona in a single series, filamentose, the fila-
ments erect, 8 to 10 mm. long, blue and white; operculum attached
about 1 em. above base of tube, dependent, about 7 mm. long,
shallowly lacerate, the margin not recurved; ovary subglobose,
obscurely 3-angled, densely rufo-lanate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Described from a plant grown in England ‘‘from
seeds sent from South America (probably Peru)’; type seen at Kew.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Gard. Chron. 1873: 1118. f. 239; Bot. Mag. 99:
pl. 6069; Garden 10: opp. p. 12. 1876; Fl. des Serres II. 10: pl. 2083,
2084; Belg. Hort. 24: 217.
DISTRIBUTION: Uncertain, perhaps Bolivia.
I strongly suspect that this is a horticultural hybrid, and am
including it in the present treatment mainly because of the fact that
Harms has created for the species a monotypic subsection of T'ac-
sonia, Insignes. The Index Londinensis lists eight illustrations of this
plant, but I have seen no herbarium material other than four speci-
mens at Kew, all of which apparently came from the type plant in
cultivation. The vegetative parts are almost identical with those
of P. callimorpha, a species of Distephana with a very short calyx
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 265
tube and a second series of corona filaments borne well below the
first series, and this perhaps is one of the parents of P. insignis.
147. Passiflora adulterina L. f. Suppl. 408. 1781.
Tacsonia adulterina Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 393. 1805.
Stem angulate, floccose with grayish or brownish wool, at length
glabrescent; stipules linear-subulate, 8 to 10 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm.
wide, glandular-denticulate, coriaceous, deciduous; petioles up to
1 em. long, minutely glandular; leaves oblong, 4 to 10 cm. long, 1.5
to 5 ecm. wide, rounded and often emarginate at apex, rounded or
subcordate at base, subentire and usually revolute at margin, 1-
nerved (secondary nerves 5 to 7 to a side), glabrous above, densely
lanate with brown wool beneath, thick-coriaceous, rugose above,
the nerves impressed; peduncles up to 3 cm. long; bracts distinct to
base, oblong-elliptic, about 2.5 em. long, 1 em. wide, abruptly acute
at apex, tapering at base, flocculose or glabrescent without, purplish
when dry; calyx tube cylindric, 5 to 8 cm. long, 0.8 to 1 em. wide,
glabrous; sepals oblong, 2.5 to 3 em. long, 0.8 to 1 em. wide, obtuse;
petals similar and equal to the sepals; corona reduced to a mere ring;
operculum dependent, the margin recurved, minutely denticulate;
ovary obovoid, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia.
ILLUSTRATIONS: J. E. Sm. Pl. Icon. Ined. 1: pl. 24; Cav. Diss.
10: pl. 278; G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 57. f. 7; Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined.
26: pl. 36.
DISTRIBUTION: Department of Cundinamarca, Eastern Cordillera
of Colombia, between 2,500 and 3,000 meters altitude. Reported
once from the Central Cordillera.
COLOMBIA: Mutis 2271 (type collection; Ma, N), 5615 (Ma, N).—
Cundinamarca: Bogota, Triana 186 (K), 2968 (BM, Brux, Gen, P,
Y); Goudot 2 (K, P); Holton in 1854 (K, Y); Karsten (V); Hartweg
183 (K); Lehmann 8772 (B); Kalbreyer 1998 (B); Apollinaire Marie
303 (Bog); Dawe 170 (N); Schultze 58 (B). Canaos, Ariste Joseph
A162 (Bog, N). Usme, Ariste Joseph B36 (N). Uribe, Ariste Joseph
B34 (N). Guadalupe, Instituto de La Salle (Bog); Goudot (Bo).—
Tolima: Quindio Trail, Linden 1223 (P).
This is readily recognized among the entire-leaved, short-pedun-
cled species by its thick, blunt leaves, with a nearly entire margin.
Passiflora adulterina and its close relative, P. lanata, are common
about Bogota. Each is reported from the Quindfo Trail, across the
266 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Magdalena Valley, by a single collector. Both Humboldt and Linden,
who respectively report the occurrence of P. adulterina and P. lanata
along the Quindio, collected also at Bogota, and it is possible that
there may be a confusion in their locality data.
148. Passiflora lanata (Juss.) Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 848.
1811.
Tacsonia lanata Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 392. pl. 59, f. 1.
1805.
Stem subangulate, glabrous, the younger part flocculose; stipules
linear-subulate, 1 to 1.2 cm. long, thickened at apex, the margin
glandular-denticulate, revolute; petioles up to 1 cm. long, minutely
glandular; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 6 to 11 cm. long, 3 to 5
cm. wide, acute, subcordate at base, subentire and slightly revolute
at margin, glabrous above, densely lanate with brown wool beneath,
thick-coriaceous, rugose above, the nerves impressed; peduncles up
to 5.5 em. long; bracts distinct to base, ovate-lanceolate, about 1.5
cm. long, 0.6 to 0.8 em. wide, acuminate, rounded at base, densely
lanate without; flowers salmon-pink (‘‘white,’’ Masters); calyx tube
cylindric, 7 to 8 em. long, glabrous; sepals oblong, 2.5 to 3 cm. long,
0.8 to 1 em. wide, obtuse, aristulate; petals similar and equal to the
sepals; corona reduced to a mere ring without tubercles or filaments;
operculum dependent, the margin recurved, minutely denticulate;
ovary obovoid, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: “‘Andibus Quindiuensis,’’ according to report
of Humboldt.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: pl. 59, f. 1; J. E. Sm.
Icon. Pict. Pl. Rar. pl. 1. 1790-1798.
DISTRIBUTION: Department of Cundinamarca, Eastern Cordillera
of Colombia, between 2,500 and 3,000 meters altitude. Locality
for the type doubtful.
COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Wagner (Bo). Bogota, Instituto de
La Salle (Bog). Pefién, Popenoe 1116 (N, Y). Guadalupe, Goudot
(P); Ariste Joseph B71 (Bog, N). Manzanos, Lindig 628 (BM).
Sibaté, Lehmann 7632 (B, K). Paramo de Guasca, Cuatrecasas 3248
(Ma).—Tolima: Mt. Quindio, Humboldt & Bonpland (B, type).
This species is similar to P. adulterina and grows in the same
general locality. It is distinguished from that by the ovate-lanceo-
late, acute leaves, the longer peduncles, and the rounded base of the
bracts, characters which appear to be constant.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 267
149. Passiflora truxillensis Planch. & Linden, Ann. Sci. Nat. V.
Bot. 17: 135. 1873.
Stem terete or subangulate, densely ferruginous-tomentous;
stipules subulate, 5 to 6 mm. long, coriaceous, strongly revolute;
petioles up to 1 cm. long, minutely glandular; leaves ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, 5 to 9 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate, cordate or
subcordate at the base, unequally callous-serrate and slightly revolute
at margin, glabrous above, densely lanate beneath, rugulose above,
the nerves and veins impressed; peduncles up to 7 cm. long; bracts
free to base, oblong-lanceolate, about 2 cm. long, 0.5 em. wide, acute,
pilosulous without; flower red(?); calyx tube cylindric, 4.5 to 5 cm.
long, glabrous; sepals oblong, 2 to 3 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide,
obtuse; petals similar and equal to the sepals; corona reduced to a
ring, the margin sinuate; operculum dependent, the margin recurved,
minutely denticulate; ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Agua de Obispo, Trujillo, Venezuela.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in western
Venezuela, altitude about 2,300 meters.
VENEZUELA: Trujillo: Agua de Obispo, Linden 286 (Gen, P, type);
Jahn 1181 (N).
This species resembles P. lanata, but is distinguished by the
thinner, serrate leaves, a tomentose rather than a lanate indument,
and a shorter, narrower calyx tube.
150. Passiflora pamplonensis Planch. & Linden, Ann. Sci. Nat.
V. Bot. 17: 187. 1873.
Stem terete, tomentose; stipules setaceous, about 1 cm. long,
denticulate, often thickened at apex; petioles 8 to 10 mm. long;
leaves lance-oblong, 7 to 10 em. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, acuminate,
obtuse or subcuneate at base, shallowly repand-dentate, penni-
nerved, above glabrous, pubescent on nerves, beneath densely and
softly pubescent, the nerves and veins impressed above; peduncles
about 4 cm. long; bracts free to base, oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 3.5 em.
long, 1 cm. wide, acuminate, serrulate, slightly pubescent; flowers
“yellow and red;’’ calyx tube cylindric, 6 to 8 cm. long, subglobose
at base, pubescent without; sepals oblong, about 3 cm. long, obtuse;
petals oblong, slightly shorter than sepals; corona sinuate or short-
tuberculate; operculum deflexed, the margin recurved, subentire;
ovary oblong, appressed-tomentose.
TYPE LOCALITY: La Baja, Department of Santander (formerly
Province of Pamplona), Colombia.
268 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HiIsToRY—BoTany, VoL. XIX
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from type locality in the Eastern
Cordillera of Colombia, altitude about 2,300 meters.
CoLoMBIA: Santander: La Baja, Funck & Schlim 1385 (BM,
type, Gen).
From P. truzillensis, its nearest relative, this species is dis-
tinguished by proportionately narrower, less deeply toothed, larger
bracts, and by the indument on the calyx tube and ovary.
151. Passiflora lanceolata (Mast.) Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 18: Beibl.
46:11. 1894. Not P. lanceolata G. Don, an inadvertent use of
the specific epithet for lancifolia.
Tacsonia lanceolata Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 536. 1872.
Passiflora acutissima Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 428.
1927.
Stem subangular, pilosulous; stipules lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 em. long,
about 0.3 em. wide, deeply pinnatisect, the segments few; petioles
5 to 7 mm. long, minutely biglandular at apex; leaves lanceolate, 4
to 8 em. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, attenuate-acuminate at apex,
rounded or subacute at base, subentire, slightly revolute, 1-nerved |
(nerve deeply impressed above), coriaceous, glabrous; peduncles 5
to 5.5 em. long; bracts lanceolate, distinct to base, 1.5 to 2 cm. long,
4 to 7 mm. wide, acute, laciniate, the teeth up to 3 mm. long; calyx
tube cylindric, 7 to 8 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, dilated at base, glabrous;
sepals oblong, 3 to 3.5 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, obtuse, aristate
dorsally; petals oblong, subequal to sepals; corona apparently
tuberculiform; ovary glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mountains of Peru.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type, probably from the
mountains of northern Peru, in the Department of Amazonas.
PERU: Mathews 1252 (K, type).
This appears to be the only species of the group of tacsonias with
entire leaves and relatively short peduncles occurring outside of
Venezuela and eastern Colombia. The pinnatisect stipules and free,
laciniate bracts distinguish it at once from its allies.
Masters was in error in stating that the calyx tube was 18 to 20
em. long. In the type, apparently the only specimen known,
in no case is the tube over 7.5 cm. long, and the flowers are fully
developed.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 269
152. Passiflora rugosa (Mast.) Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V.
Bot. 17: 186. 1878.
Tacsonia rugosa Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 538. 1872.
Stem terete, densely rufo-villous; stipules narrowly linear, about
1 cm. long, deciduous; petioles 4 to 6 mm. long; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, 4 to 7 em. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, acute at apex, rounded or
shallowly cordate at base, repand-serrate, 1-nerved (principal second-
ary nerves 6 or 7 to a side), reticulate-veined (nerves and veins
strongly impressed above, hence the leaves rugose, the nerves promi-
nent beneath), coriaceous, glabrous above, densely rufo-tomentose
beneath; peduncles 4 to 10 cm. long, villous; bracts 3 to 5 cm. long,
united to middle into a broadly campanulate tube (free portions
ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, minutely glandular-serrulate),
rufo-tomentose without and within; calyx tube cylindric, 5 to 7 cm.
long, about 1.3 cm. wide, glabrous or very sparingly pilosulous,
yellow-green without, purple-pink within, paler toward base; sepals
oblong, 3 to 4 em. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, obtuse, aristulate, red-pink
without, darker at center, light pink within; petals oblong, slightly
narrower than the sepals, light pink; corona in 2 red-purple, mem-
branous bands with a few undulations; operculum dependent, white,
pink at the recurved margin; ovary ellipsoidal, villous.
TYPE LOCALITY: San Pedro, near Ocafia, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Cordillera of Colombia.
COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Paramo de San Pedro, near
Ocafia, Schlim 301 (BM, Bo, Brux, Gen, K, type, N, P). Between
Pamplona and Toledo, 3,000 meters, Killip & Smith 19871 (A, G,
IN, Y);
This and the following species are intermediate between the
species with rugose, entire leaves and those with large, connate
bracts, of which P. mixta is the best known representative.
153. Passiflora eriocaula Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 295. 1922.
Stem terete, densely rufo-hirsute-villous; stipules linear, 7 to 10
mm. long, thickened at apex, deciduous; petioles 0.5 to 1.5 em. long,
with 3 or 4 glands imbedded in the indument; leaves ovate or lanceo-
late-ovate, 5 to 12 em. long, 2.5 to 7 em. wide, acute at apex, rounded
or cordulate at base, dentate-serrate, 1-nerved (principal secondary
nerves 6 to 9 to a side, prominulous), somewhat rugulose and essen-
tially glabrous above, densely villous beneath, coriaceous; peduncles
8 to 10 em. long, villous; bracts reddish brown, conspicuously nerved
270 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
(nerves deep red), 4 to 5.5 cm. long, united below middle, the free
portions ovate-lanceolate, acute, denticulate; calyx tube cylindric,
8 to 10 cm. long, about 1 cm. in diameter, glabrous or finely pilosu-
lous, reddish pink, yellow-green proximally without, deep purple,
pure white proximally within; sepals oblong, 4 to 5.5 em. long, about
2 cm. wide, obtuse, aristulate, reddish pink but true pink at margin
without, true pink distally and at margin within, pinkish white at
center; petals similar and subequal to the sepals, true pink; corona
reduced to a single (or sometimes a second) low, black-purple,
etuberculate ridge; operculum dependent, re¢urved at margin, white;
nectar very sweet; gynophore white; ovary ellipsoidal, short-villous;
styles pink; stigmas olive-green.
TYPE LOCALITY: Sisabita, Department of Santander, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Department of Santander, Eastern Cordillera of
Colombia, 3,000 to 3,600 meters altitude.
COLOMBIA: Santander: Sisabita, 3,000 meters, Kalbreyer 1112
(B, type). Western slope of Paramo Rico, Killip & Smith 17200
(G, N, Y).
This is distinguished from P. rugosa by larger, less rugose leaves,
much larger flowers, and differently shaped bracts. The corona is not
even slightly undulate, asin P. rugosa. The color details given above
are derived from field notes made by Killip and Smith.
154. Passiflora ampullacea (Mast.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. 3, 6a: 91. 18938.
Tacsonia ampullacea Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 539. 1872.
Passiflora Hieronymi Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 18: Beibl. 46: 12. 1894.
Stem terete, striate, densely villous; stipules linear, 1 cm. long,
about 0.2 mm. wide, 2-cleft near base; petioles 2 to 3.5 cm. long,
villous, bearing near middle 1 or 2 rudimentary glands (or glandless?) ;
leaves 6 to 11 cm. long, 6 to 12 cm. wide, 3-lobed about to middle
(lobes oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, acute or acuminate),
subcordate or rounded at base, closely serrate, membranous, mi-
nutely pubescent and densely brown-villous on veins above, tomentose
beneath; peduncles 8 to 12 cm. long, villous; bracts ovate, 3 to 4 em.
long, 1.5 to 2 em. wide, abruptly acuminate, free to base or united
toward base, the margin entire or serrulate below, densely puberulent
without, glabrescent but tomentose at margin within; flowers white
or greenish white; calyx tube narrowly cylindric-funnel-shaped, 7 to
9 em. long, 8 to 10 mm. wide at throat, gradually narrowed to a
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 271
width (near base) of 3 mm., abruptly dilated at base to a width of
7 mm., villosulous without, glabrous within; sepals oblong-ovate, 2 to
2.5 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, obtuse, minutely awned; petals
similar to the sepals and slightly shorter; corona in 2 series, the upper
tuberculate (tubercles up to 1.5 mm. long), the lower about 1 mm.
distant, a mere ring; operculum dependent, the margin recurved;
ovary ovoid, sericeous-villosulous; fruit ovoid, about 6‘cm. long, 3.5
em. in diameter, pubescent; seeds obovate, 5 to 6 mm. long, 3 to 4
mm. wide, reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cuenca, Ecuador.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of southern Ecuador, 2,600 to 2,800
meters altitude.
EcuapDor: Cafiar: Cafiar, Rose 22697 (G, N, Y).—Azuay: Cuenca,
Jameson 94 (K, type); Lehmann 4602 (B, type of P. Hieronymi,
K, N, S); Rose 24090 (N). ‘Columbia,’ but probably near Cuenca,
Lobb (K).
The white or greenish white flowers of P. ampullacea are appar-
ently unique in the subgenus Tacsonia. The species does not key
out readily in the present treatment, as the bracts are wholly free
in some specimens and united at the base in others. The peduncles
are rather longer than in most of the species with which it is here
associated, yet they are much stouter than in the group of species
with long peduncles, and the foliage does not exhibit the dimorphism
characteristic of that group.
155. Passiflora gracilens (Gray) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan-
zenfam. 3, 6a: 91. 1893.
Tacsonia gracilens Gray, U.S. Expl. Exped. 639. 1854.
Tacsonia boliviana Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 3, pt. 3: 37. 1893.
Passiflora boliviana Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 28. 1923.
Plant essentially glabrous: stem sharply quadrangular; stipules
setaceous, 2 to 4 mm. long, purplish; petioles 5 to 10 mm. long, very
slender, glandless or with 2 small glands at the apex, these often
actually borne on the lateral nerves; leaves 1 to 4 cm. long,.2 to 5 em.
wide, 3-lobed nearly to base (lobes narrowly ovate-oblong, the basal
divaricate), minutely serrulate or subentire, usually pale at margin,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, or minutely puberulous above; peduncles
up to 3 em. long, slender, articulate near apex; bracts ovate, 5° to 8
mm. long, 2.5 to 5 mm. wide, acute or acuminate, minutely serrulate
or entire, distinct to base, borne near base of flower, often early
272 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
deciduous; calyx tube narrowly cylindric, 1.5 to 2 em. long, 0.3 to 0.5
em. wide, slightly enlarged at base, without green at base, pink above,
within bluish green; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 0.8 to 1.5 em. long, 0.4
to 0.5 em. wide, pink, narrowly keeled dorsally, the keel terminating
in a filiform awn; petals subequal to the sepals, pink; corona reduced
to a shallowly sinuate, purplish ridge; operculum white, about 5 mm.
long, dependent, the margin recurved; ovary ovoid, glabrous; fruit
ovoid, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. in diameter, subacute; seeds
cuneate, 4 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Huariana, Peru.
DISTRIBUTION: Central Peru to central Bolivia, between 2,500
and 3,500 meters altitude.
PERU: Hudnuco: Huariana, Mathews 915 (BM, G, K, type).
—Junin: Ingahuasi, Mantaro Canyon, Killip & Smith 22177 (F, N,
Y).—Huancavelica: Iscuchaca, Mantaro Valley, Weberbauer 5679
(B); Ratmondi 11585 (B).—Cuzco: Herrera 487 (V). Paucartambo,
Pennell 14170 (Ph). Colquipata, Pennell 13791 (N, Ph, Y). Ha-
cienda Ceapana, Herrera 1061 (N). Hacienda Fanccac, Herrera 2108
(N). Oropeza Valley, Herrera 2599 (N). Hacienda Cutija, Bues
(Herrera 2126; N). Huasao, Herrera 3101 (N). Ollantaitambo,
Herrera 3342 (N). Urubamba Valley, Herrera 1660 (B), 2243 (B).
BOoLIviA: Cochabamba: Cochabamba, Bang 880 (B, BM, Bo,
CM, K, Mo, N, Ph, Y, type of Tacsonia boliviana). Araca, Herzog
2365 (B, S).
Passiflora gracilens is readily distinguished from other tacsonias
by the small flowers. It bears a close general resemblance to species
of the subgenus Tacsonioides, but the reduced corona and dependent
operculum are characteristic of Tacsonia. Peruvian material recently
collected by Pennell and by Herrera differs from type specimens of P.
boliviana only in having a slightly (3 or 4 mm.) longer calyx tube.
The length of the tube was given by Masters as about 3 em., though
in the type, the only collection cited by him, it is in reality not over
1.5 em. long.
LOCAL NAMES: “Jukucha-jampajhuai,
(Inca).
9? 66
pichincho-jampajhuai”’
156. Passiflora Trianae Killip, nom. nov.
Passiflora trisecta Planch. & Linden, Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17:
134. 1873. Not P. trisecta Mast. (1872).
Plant essentially glabrous throughout; stem subangulate, striate;
stipules linear, minutely glandular-serrulate, sometimes ciliate;
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 273
petioles glabrous or slightly pilosulous, 2—4-glandular, or the glands
obsolete; leaves 2-lobed nearly to base (lobes linear, 1 to 5 mm. wide,
suberect), cuneate or rounded at base, revolute at margin when dry,
the nerves impressed above; peduncles shorter than the leaves; bracts
borne just below the flower, oblong, about 2 cm. long, 7 to8 mm. wide,
acute, free to base, glandular-serrulate, membranous; calyx tube
cylindric, 8 to 20 cm. long, inflated at base; sepals oblong, yellow;
petals shorter than the sepals, rose-colored; corona in 1 series, repand-
subtuberculate; operculum dependent, about 3.5 mm. long, recurved
at margin, crenulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: La Baja, Colombia, 2.870 meters (type, Funck
& Schlim 1403).
ILLUSTRATION: Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 41.
DISTRIBUTION: Known definitely only from the type locality,
in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia.
CoLoMBIA: Mutis 4324 (Ma).—Santander: La Baja, 3,500 meters,
Killip & Smith 18100 (A, G, N, Y).
The type specimen of this species I have not seen, but the Mutis
specimen, in flower, and the sterile material collected by Mr. Smith
and myself at the type locality agree well with the description. The
leaf lobes are much narrower than in most other species of Tacsonia,
more like those of P. anadenia and P. stenoloba, West Indian members
of Plectostemma. Passiflora andina has relatively narrow lobes, but
that plant, because of the unusual arrangement of the petals, is not
closely related to P. Trianae. According to the authors’ description,
the calyx tube is exceptionally long, 20 cm., but in the Mutis speci-
men it is only 8.5 cm. long.
157. Passiflora Purdiei Killip, sp. nov.
Planta fere ubique glabra; stipulae lanceolatae, attenuato-acu-
minatae, inciso-glanduloso-serrulatae; petioli minute glanduliferi;
folia ad 34 trilobata, lobis lineari-lanceolatis, serrulatis, subcoriacea;
pedunculi 7 cm. longi; bracteae liberae, ovato-lanceolatae, glanduloso-
serrulatae; tubus calycis cylindricus; sepala oblonga, aristata, petala
ad faucem emergentia; corona biseriata, annuliformis; operculum
deflexum; ovarium fusiforme, dense breviter velutinum.
Herbaceous vine, glabrous nearly throughout; stipules lanceolate,
1 to 1.5 em. long, 6 to 9 mm. wide, attenuate-acuminate at apex,
cordulate at base, suboblique, incised-glandular-serrulate nearly to
base; peduncles up to 2 cm. long, bearing numerous obscure glands;
274 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VoL. XIX
leaves 3-lobed about three-quarters their length (lobes linear-oblong,
1 to 2 cm. wide, acuminate, mucronulate, serrulate, the sinus acute),
rounded at base, 3-nerved, subcoriaceous; peduncles slender, 7 em.
long; bracts distinct to base, ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, about
1 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, glandular-serrulate; calyx tube
cylindric, 4 cm. long, about 1 cm. in diameter, slightly wider at throat;
sepals oblong, 3 cm. long, 1 to 1.2 cm. wide, obtuse, dorsally awned
just below apex, the awn about 4 mm. long; petals inserted at throat
of tube, oblong, about 2.5 cm. long, 8 to.10 mm. wide, obtuse;
corona 2-ranked, the outer merely a dark band, the inner a slightly
fleshy ridge; operculum borne near base of tube, 1 mm. long, depen-
dent, the margin very slightly recurved, subentire; ovary fusiform,
densely short-velutinous.
Type in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,
collected in Colombia by William Purdie.
This specimen was cited by Masters under Tacsonia floribunda
but from notes which he had made upon the sheet it is evident that
he was rather doubtful of its being the curious plant described as
~ Rathea floribunda Karst. These notes call attention to the fact
that the petals are inserted at the throat of the tube, not at the middle
as in TJ. floribunda (i.e., Passiflora andina Killip), and that the
stipules are broader. In addition to these two differentiating
characters, the calyx tube is shorter and much narrower than in
P. andina and the lobes of the leaves are broader and somewhat
longer.
158. Passiflora trifoliata Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 16. pl. 427. 1799.
Tacsonia trifoliata Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 398. 1805.
Tacsonia trigona DC. Prodr. 3: 334. 1828.
Plant short-villous-hirsute throughout; stem terete, striate;
stipules oblong-lanceolate or oblong, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 0.8 to 1.5 cm.
wide, acutish at apex, inequilaterally auriculate at base (basal
lobes often overlapping), glandular-fimbriolate; petioles 1 to 3 cm.
long, obscurely glandular; leaves trifoliolate, the leaflets ovate-
oblong or linear-oblong, 3 to 5 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide, acute,
apiculate, rounded or acutish at sessile base, entire or serrulate,
revolute at margin, fleshy-coriaceous, villous above, densely fer-
‘uginous-villous-hirsute beneath, the nerves and veins impressed
above; peduncles terete, up to 9 cm. long, very stout; bracts ovate-
oblong, 2 to 3.5 em. long, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, rounded at apex, distinct
to base, closely fimbriate or somewhat laciniate-fimbriate; flowers
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 275
pendent; calyx tube cylindric, 3 to 4 em. long, enlarged at the deeply
12-suleate base, without villous, green, purple-tinged, within white,
pink at base; sepals ovate-oblong, 2 to 3 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide,
obtuse, aristulate on outside just below apex, deep pink, white
proximally; petals ovate-oblong, as long as and slightly narrower than
the sepals; corona tuberculate, 2-ranked, the tubercles minute;
operculum dependent, recurved at margin, pink; ovary ovoid, densely
white- or brownish-villous or hirsute; fruit ovoid, 4 to 6 cm. long,
2.5 to 3.5 em. in diameter, truncate at apex, longitudinally 3-grooved,
villosulous; seeds obovate, about 6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Guamantanga, Peru.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: pl. 427; Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 505. f. 233, A, B.
DISTRIBUTION: High mountains of central and southeastern Peru,
between 3,500 and 4,000 meters altitude.
PERU: Ruiz & Pavén (BM, type of Tacsonia trigona, Bo, Gen, P);
Lobb 20 (K); Savatier 490 (P); Gay 542 (P); Dombey 744 (B, Gen, P);
Wilkes Expedition (G, N); Haenke 1847 (Pr); Raimondi 8597 (B).
Guamantanga, Née (Ma, type). Cajavilea Valley, Savatier 1631 (K).
—Ancash: Tallenga, Weberbawer 2878a (B). Province of Caja-
tambo, Weberbauer 2654 (B).—Lima: “Lima,” Weberbawer 261
(B, Gen). Rio Blanco, Killip & Smith 21636 (F, N, Y). Huaros,
Pennell 14723 (Ph). Rio Rimac, Forster in 1905 (BM).—Huanuco:
Piso, Macbride & Featherstone 579 (F).—Junin: Tarma, Mathews 674
(BM, G,V). Huancayo, Ledig4(N). Huariaca, Sawada P97 (N).—
Cuzco: Paucartambo, Herrera 485 (B).
An excellently marked species, with trifoliolate leaves and
covered throughout with a dense indument. The only species with
which it might be confused is P. trisecta, of the subgenus Granadil-
lastrum. From this it differs in a much longer calyx tube and in
less deeply cut stipules and bracts.
The Lobb specimen, upon which the occurrence of this species
in Colombia is based, most certainly came from Peru.
LOCAL NAME: ‘‘Naupa-machu-jamppajhuai’”’ (Inca).
159. Passiflora Jamesoni (Mast.) Bailey, Rhodora 18: 156. 1916.
Tacsonia Jamesoni Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 587. 1872.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem angulate; stipules oblong-
lanceolate, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, 7 to 8 mm. wide, obsoletely 2-3-
glandular at summit or glandless; leaves 3 to 8 cm. long, 5 to 11 cm.
276 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
wide, 3-lobed to below middle (lobes subelliptic, 1.5 to 3.5 em. wide,
acute or subobtuse, mucronate, the lateral widely divergent), sub-
cordate at base, spinulose-dentate, subcoriaceous, shining above;
peduncles up to 10 cm. long; bracts ovate-oblong, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long,
1 to 1.5 em. wide, laciniate-pectinate, borne about 1.5 cm. below base
of flower; flowers rose-colored; calyx tube cylindric, 8 to 10 cm. long;
sepals oblong, 3.5 to 5 em. long, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, obtuse, aristulate;
petals similar and subequal to the sepals; corona minutely tuber-
culate, purplish; operculum dependent, recurved at margin, minutely
fimbriolate; ovary ellipsoidal, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Andes of Ecuador.
DISTRIBUTION: High mountains of central Ecuador, about 4,000
meters altitude.
EcuapDor: Pichincha: Mt. Pichincha, Jameson 56 (BM, Bo, G,
Gen, K, type, N, Y); Holmgren 655 (B, 8). Mojanda, Sodiro in 1903
(Mille 231; N).—Chimborazo: Chambo, Mille in 1912 (N).
This is a well marked species, characterized by deeply cleft
bracts and stipules and unusually large sepals.
160. Passiflora pinnatistipula Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 16. pl. 428. 1799.
Tacsonia pinnatistipula Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 393. 1805.
Passiflora pennipes J. E. Sm. in Rees, Cycl. 26: Passiflora No. 48
1819.
Passiflora chilensis Miers, Travels 2: 522. 1826.
Tacsonia pinnatistipula var. pennipes DC. Prodr. 3: 334. 1828
Tacsonia micradena DC. Prodr. 3: 334. 1828.
Tacsonia pennipes M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 194. 1846.
Tacsonia Purupuru DC. ex Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1:
587. 1872, as synonym.
Stem angulate, the younger parts eae aan or lanate, the
older glabrate; stipules 5 to 7 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, pinnatisect
or palmately parted into filiform divisions; petioles up to 3.5 cm. long,
minutely 4—6-glandular, glands sessile; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long, 6 to
13 em. wide, 3-lobed about four-fifths their length (lobes lanceo-
late or oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 3.5 em. wide, acute or acuminate,
mucronate, the lateral divergent at about 45 degrees from the middle
lobe), subecordate at base, sharply serrate, coriaceous, rugose and
glabrous above, densely white- or grayish-lanate beneath; peduncles
up to 7 em. long; bracts entire to base, ovate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 1 to
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE ZT7
1.3 em. wide, acute, mucronate, remotely and sharply serrate,
chartaceous, tomentose or glabrescent, usually reddish purple with-
out, finely pubescent within; calyx tube cylindric, 4.5 to 5 cm.
long, about 1 cm. in diameter, bright pink and densely cano-tomen-
tose, rarely glabrous, without, white within and blue-tinged toward
throat; sepals oblong, 3 to 4 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, obtuse,
awned dorsally just below apex, greenish or pinkish and cano-
tomentose without, white within; petals subequal to sepals, obtuse,
white, faintly blue-tinged; corona in 2 series, the outer filamentose,
1.5 to 2 em. long, bright blue or purplish blue, or white, purple only
toward base, the inner reduced to a ring of minute, deep purple
tubercles 1 mm. or less long; operculum white, dependent, 5 mm.
long, the margin recurved, minutely crenulate; ovary pyriform,
white-tomentose; fruit subglobose, about 5 cm. in diameter, sub-
tomentose or glabrate, yellow-green, edible; seeds oblong, 6 mm.
long, 5 mm. wide, reticulate, the axis slightly curved.
TYPE LOCALITY: Talcahuano, Chile.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: pl. 428; Kerner, Hort. Sempervir.
pl. 607; Bot. Mag. 70: pl. 4062; Bot. Reg. 18: pl. 1536; Paxton,
Mag. 1: 249.
DISTRIBUTION: Probably a native of Peru or Chile, but frequently
cultivated in the Andes from eastern Colombia to central Chile and
central Bolivia, at altitudes from 2,500 to 3,800 meters.
CALIFORNIA: Pacific Beach, cultivated, Kumm in 1980 (N).
COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Between Mutiscua and Pam-
plona, Killip & Smith 19700 (A, G, N, Y).—Cundinamarca: Bogota,
Karsten (V); Dawe 299 (N); Triana 2969 (BM); Holton 706 (Y).
Zipacén, Lehmann 2509 (Bo, N). Nemocoén, Popenoe 1078 (N).
Ecuapor: Sodiro (Mille 236; N); Cowthouy in 1855 (G).—Pi-
chincha: Quito, Lehmann 8256 (B, N, 8S); Hartweg 1015 (Bo, Gen,
Y). Tambillo, Mille 232 (N). Pifo, Mille 135 (N).—Tungurahua:
Ambato, Pachano 89 (N).
PERU: Dombey 743 (Gen, P); Pavén (B, Gen); Mathews (BM).—
Junin: Tarma, Ruiz & Pavén (BM, type of P. micradena, Bo);
Killip & Smith 21938 (F, N, Y). Ocopa, Killip & Smith 22012
(F, N, Y). Huancayo, Killip & Smith 22034 (F, N, Y); Ledig 5 (N).
Between Tarma and Palea, Weberbawer 1733 (B).—Cuzco: Saxai-
huaman, Pennell 13567 (Ph). Pisac, Pennell 13732 (Ph). Cuzco,
Herrera 295 (B). Paucartambo, Herrera 486 (N). Guispicanchi,
278 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Herrera 2586 (N), 2605 (N). Ollantaitambo, Cook & Gilbert 475 (N).
Tinta; Cook & Gilbert 228 (N).
BOLIVIA: Ayopaya, Weddell 4130 (P); Cardenas 3184 (N).
Tunari, Kuntze in 1892 (Y).—Cochabamba: Cochabamba, Herzog
2106 (B). Illimani, Julio IT.158 (N), II.230 (N). Tiraque, Stein-
bach 8722 (G).
CHILE: Bridges (Gen); Hooker (Y); Cuming 50 (V).—Aconcagua:
Aconcagua, Philippi in 1876 (B, Gen, V).—Valparaiso: Valparaiso,
Née (Ma); Bertero (G, P); Cuming 562 (BM, Gen), 565 (BM,
Gen, Y).—Concepcién: Taleahuano, Née (Ma, type). Concepcidén,
Miers (BM, type of P. chilensis).—Valdivia: Valdivia, Philippi (N).
This well known, extensively cultivated species is one of those
which connect the subgenera Tacsonia and Granadilla. Triana and
Planchon placed this and certain other species with a filamentose,
rather than tuberculate, corona in a separate section, but as all
gradations are to be found from a short-tuberculate to a long-fila-
mentose corona, it is difficult to delimit a section on this basis.
The type of Tacsonia micradena differs in only slight details from
typical P. pinnatistipula.
LOCAL NAMES: “Tin-tin,” “purupuru,”’ ‘‘tacso” (Peru).
160a. Passiflora rosea (Karst.) Killip, comb. nov. (Passzflora
pinnatistipulax P. mollissima.)
Poggendorffia rosea Karst. Linnaea 28: 488. 1856.
Tacsonia rosea Sodiro, Anal. Univ. Quito 18: 348. 1903.
Stem terete (the younger parts subangulate), densely ferruginous-
tomentose; stipules linear-lanceolate, about 1 cm. long, 3 mm. wide
at base, long-acuminate, denticulate toward base, laciniate-dentate
above middle; petioles up to 2.5 cm. long, 6—8-glandular, the glands
stipitate; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long, 6 to 12 cm. wide (between tips of
lateral lobes), 3-lobed to slightly below middle (lobes ovate or ovate-
oblong, 2 to 4 cm. wide, acute), shallowly cordate or subtruncate at
base, sharply serrate, 5-nerved, subcoriaceous, finely and softly
pubescent above, densely grayish-tomentose beneath; peduncles up to
5 em. long; bracts free to base, cordate-ovate, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, 1.5
to 2 em. wide, acutish, tomentose without and within; calyx tube 4.5
to 5 em. long, ventricose at base and near middle, dark green and
densely pubescent without, cream-colored and glabrous within;
sepals oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 to 3 em. long, 0.8 to 1 em. wide, obtuse,
dorsally awned just below apex, dark green without, bright pink
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 279
within; petals similar and subequal to sepals, obtuse, pink; corona in
2 series, filamentose, the outer 8 to 10 mm. long, pink at apex, shading
through purple to deep blue at base, the inner borne 8 to 10 mm.
above floor of tube, 3 to 6 mm. long, white; operculum dependent,
the margin recurved, minutely crenulate; gynophore 3 to 4.5 em.
long, the filaments of the stamens arising below the middle, the lower
part of the gynophore about 2 mm. thick, the upper part about 1 mm.
thick, glabrous, except for a villous indument just below the fila- ©
ments and just below the ovary; filaments of stamens 3 to 3.5 cm.
long, erect; anthers basifixed, linear-oblong, about 1.5 cm. long, 0.5
cm. wide, only a small portion near margin pollen-bearing; ovary
ovoid, densely white-sericeous-tomentose; fruit ovoid, about 8 cm.
long and 2.5 cm. in diameter, villosulous; seeds broadly obovate,
about 6 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, closely reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bogota, Colombia.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: pl. 15; Rev. Chil. Hist.
Nat. 11: pl. 10. 1907.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Cordillera of Colombia to southeastern
Peru, between 2,800 and 3,200 meters altitude; cultivated, or occur-
ring wild as a natural hybrid.
COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Sabana de Bogota, Karsten (B, P, V,
type); Lehmann 2624, in part (B, K); Apollinaire Marie (fruiting
specimen, May, 1928; Bog, N).
EcuaADoR: Pichincha: Pifo, Sodiro in 1908.
PERU: Junin: Tarma, Killip & Smith 21885 (N, Y). Huana-
cayo, Chavez 129 (B).—Cuzco: Paucartambo, Herrera 2999a (N).
Karsten and Triana first noticed this remarkable plant in a
garden at Bogota, Colombia, and Karsten based the genus Poggen-
dorffia upon it, later figuring it in his Flora Columbiana. It differs
from all other species of Passiflora in having the free portion of the
stamen filaments begin just below the middle of the gynophore,
rather than at its apex at the base of the ovary. Triana and Planchon
(Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17: 140, footnote) and Bentham and Hooker
(Gen. Pl. 1: 811) considered it an abnormal or monstrous form
of Passiflora (Tacsonia) pinnatistipula. Masters merely listed “‘Pog-
gendorffia rosea’ as a synonym of Tacsonia pinnatistipula. Sodiro
transferred the species to Tacsonia, and suggested that the plant
was a hybrid between P. pinnatistipula and P. mollissima.
280 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Karsten, in commenting adversely (Bot. Jahrb. 8: 352-353. 1887)
on Bentham and Hooker’s reduction to Tacsonza of his genera Poggen-
dorffia and Rathea, says:
“The reasons which persuaded Bentham-Hooker to consider Pog-
gendorfia as a monstrous form of Tacsonia pinnatistipula DC. (not
pinnatifida) are not given. In the description of the new species I
pointed out the general similarity of Poggendorffia rosea to pinna-
' tistipula and mentioned the more important differences between them
in addition to the one in the construction of the stamens, on which
the generic difference is based. The petioles of P. rosea have three
glands on each side toward the apex, which in 7. pinnatistipula are
lacking; the stipules of the former are ovate-lanceolate and sharply
serrate, those of the latter linear and long-setaceous-pinnatisect; the
three involucral bracts subtending the flower are united at the base
in Poggendorffia rosea, separate in Tacsonia pinnatistipula; in Poggen-
dorffia the filaments are adnate to the gynophore for not quite half
its length whereas in 7. pinnatistipula they are adnate up to the
ovary and are twice as long as the calyx tube; in Poggendorffia the
anthers are attached at the base and terminate in a leaflike tip;
in Tacsonia they are versatile; the fruit of Poggendorffia is ellipsoid
(1: 2. 25); that of T. pinnatistipula is described by Lindley (Bot. Reg.
18: pl. 1536) as yellow, round, downy, about the size of a hen’s egg.
All the flowers of the Poggendorffia which I have studied are regularly
and uniformly developed; all seeds contained an embryo capable of
germination. I saw nothing monstrous in this plant.”
In spite of these observations, I am inclined to think that the
solution suggested by Sodiro is the correct one. Mr. Smith and I
found a roadside bank covered with this plant near Tarma, Peru,
there being every indication that it was growing naturally. Close
beside it was typical P. pinnatistipula, and a short distance away were
plants of true P. mollissima. Most of the specimens cited above bear
notes that they were from cultivated plants.
161. Passiflora Mandoni (Mast.) Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
14: 213. 1924.
Tacsonia Mandont Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 538. 1872.
Passiflora Steinbach Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 815.
1929.
Stem angulate, floccose-tomentose; stipules’5 to 6 mm. long,
pinnatifid into narrowly linear segments; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm. long,
obscurely 6-glandular, the glands imbedded in the indument; leaves
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 281
ovate-oblong in general outline, 6 to 10 cm. long, 4 to 11 cm. wide, 3-
lobed one-quarter to one-third their length (lobes deltoid-ovate, 1.5
to 3 em. wide at base, acute, apiculate, the middle lobe the longer),
shallowly cordate, serrate, 3-nerved, coriaceous, rugose and glabrous
or sparingly hirtellous above, ferruginous-tomentose beneath;
peduncles terete, 4 to 14 cm. long; bracts oblong, about 3 cm. long,
distinct to base, obtuse, serrate; calyx tube cylindric, 6 to 10 cm.
long, 0.8 to 1 em. wide, ventricose at base, ferruginous-tomentose
without; sepals oblong, 3 to 3.5 cm. long, 0.8 to 1 cm. wide, obtuse,
aristate, ferruginous-tomentose without; petals linear-oblong, 2 to
2.5 em. long, obtuse, glabrous, white; corona filamentose, 1-ranked,
the filaments terete, up to 8 mm. long; operculum dependent, recurved
at margin; ovary elliptical, densely ferruginous-hirsute-tomentose;
fruit ovoid(?), the exocarp hard, brittle, at length glabrescent; seeds
ovate, 7 to 8 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Near Sorata, Bolivia.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of western and central Bolivia, 2,500
to 4,000 meters altitude.
BOLIviA: La Paz: Cochipata, near Sorata, Mandon 609 (P). Mt.
Chileca, near Sorata, Mandon 616 (Gen, K, type, P), 617 (G). Sorata,
Tate 789 (Y).—Cochabamba: Cerros de Incachaca, Steinbach 5765
(B, type of P. Steinbachii, F); Werdermann 2068 (B). Chaparé,
Steinbach 9523 (B, G, 8).
Related to P. pinnatistipula, this species is at once distinguished
by differently shaped leaves, a narrower calyx tube, and different
indument. Passiflora Mandoni apparently is restricted to Bolivia,
the Ecuador specimen of Jameson’s, cited as this species in Masters’
monograph, proving to be a wholly different plant (P. coactilis).
162. Passiflora Matthewsii (Mast.) Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 17: 428. 1927.
Tacsonia Matthewsii Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 589. 1872.
Stem terete, the younger parts subangular, tomentellous; stipules
narrowly linear, 2.5 to 3 mm. long; petioles about 1 cm. long, 6-
glandular; leaves 5 to 6 cm. along midnerve, 3.5 to 4 cm. along lateral
nerves, 4 to 6 cm. between apices of lateral lobes, 3-lobed to or slightly
below middle (lobes ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 1.5
cm. wide, acute), cuneate at base, serrulate, coriaceous, glabrous
above, densely grayish-tomentose beneath; peduncles 1.5 to 2 cm.
long, stout, articulate near apex; bracts about 2.5 cm. long, connate
to middle, tomentellous, the free portions lanceolate, acute; flowers
282 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
rose, the sepals and petals densely spotted with deeper rose within;
calyx tube cylindric, about 4 cm. long, tomentellous without, glabrous
and densely streaked with purple within; sepals oblong, 2 to 2.5 em.
long, 7 to 8 mm. wide, obtuse, aristulate just below apex, pilose
without; petals similar and subequal to the sepals; corona minutely
tuberculate, the tubercles 1 to 1.5 mm. long; operculum dependent,
slightly recurved at margin; gynophore densely pilose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Chachapoyas, Peru.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in the moun-
tains of northern Peru.
PERU: Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Matthews (BM, K, type).
Among the few tacsonias with connate bracts and linear stipules
this is readily recognized.
163. Passiflora parvifolia (DC.) Harms in Weberbauer, Pflan-
zenw. Per. And. 253. 1911.
Tacsonia parvifolia DC. Prodr. 3: 335. 1828.
Passiflora brachychlamys Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10:
815. 1929.
Plant glabrous throughout or pilosulous on the stem, petioles,
bracts, and under surface of the nerves; stem 4—5-angular; stipules
semi-ovate, 6 to 10 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, attenuate-acuminate,
coarsely and remotely serrate; petioles 1 to 2 cm. long, slender,
minutely 3—7-glandular; leaves 3-lobed to below middle, 2 to 3 cm.
long, 3 to 6 cm. wide between apices of lateral lobes (lobes ovate,
ovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, 0.7 to 1.5 cm. wide, obtuse or
acutish, the lateral divergent at slightly less than right angles from
the middle lobe), rounded or subtruncate at base, sharply serrulate;
peduncles 3 to 6 cm. long, rarely shorter, very slender; bracts 2.5 to
3 cm. long, connate one-half to three-quarters their length, the tube
subconical, about 1.5 cm. wide at base, reddish, the free portions
ovate-lanceolate, acute; calyx tube cylindric, 6 to 9 cm. long, up to
1 cm. wide, dull rose-green or rose-red, glabrous; sepals oblong, 2 to
2.5 cm. long, 1 to 1.3 cm. wide, obtuse, aristulate on outside just
below apex, brighter red than tube on outside; petals similar and
subequal to the sepals; corona minutely tuberculate, 1-ranked;
operculum dependent, recurved at margin; ovary narrowly ellipsoidal,
glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Peru.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE . 283
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of central and southeastern Peru,
3,350 to 4,800 meters altitude.
PERU: Ruiz & Pavén 533 (BM, type, Bo, Gen, Ma); Lobb (K).
Tambo, Pearce 309 (BM).—Hudanuco: Hudnuco, Weberbawer 3329
(B); Macbride & Featherstone 2198 (F, N). Tambo de Vaca, Mac-
bride 4405 (F, N). Mito, Macbride & Featherstone 1823 (F, N).
Mufia, Pearce in 1868 (BM). Yanano, Macbride 5743 (F, N).—
Cuzco: Province of Paucartambo, 3,350 meters, Herrera 484 (B, type
of P. brachychlamys). Hacienda Ceapana, Herrera 588 (B).
Another well marked species, easily recognized by its small,
deeply lobed leaves, very slender peduncles, and the broad tube
formed by the cohesion of the bracts. It appears to be confined
to Peru. The Colombian specimen collected by Lobb, cited as this
by Masters, probably came from Peru, and Pearce’s Ecuador plant
(No. 35), also placed here by Masters, is P. cumbalensis.
LOCAL NAME: “Samppajhuai’’ (Cuzco).
164. Passiflora Roseorum Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:
427. 1927.
(?)Tacsonia cyanea var. pubescens Sodiro, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 11:
154. 1907.
Stem angular, striate, densely tomentulous; stipules oblong, 1.5
em. long, 8 to 9 mm. wide, oblique and subcordate at base, fimbriate-
dentate, the teeth 2 to 3 mm. long, not gland-tipped; petioles up to
1.5 em. long, bearing 2 or 3 rudimentary glands, or glandless; leaves
3.5 to 4 em. long, 4.5 to 5 em. wide, 3-lobed (lobes triangular-ovate
or suborbicular, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, rounded at apex, the angle at
sinus between middle and lateral lobes about 90 degrees), truncate
at base, 5-nerved, glandular-serrulate, thick-coriaceous, glabrous
and sublustrous above, densely brown-tomentose beneath, the nerves
and veins impressed above; peduncles up to 5 cm. long; bracts 4 cm.
long, united two-thirds their length (free portions ovate-lanceolate,
about 1.5 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate), puberulent without, tomen-
tose within; flowers violet; calyx tube cylindric, 7 to 8 cm. long;
sepals oblong, about 3 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, obtuse, minutely
awned dorsally just below apex; petals subequaling the sepals, obtuse;
corona reduced to a deeply crenulate ring, scarcely tuberculate;
operculum dependent, the margin recurved, subentire; gynophore
slender, not exserted; ovary obovoid, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Zaraguro, Ecuador.
284 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in the moun-
tains of southern Ecuador.
EcuapDor: Loja: Zaraguro, Rose, Pachano & Rose 23154 (N, type).
This may be a hybrid between P. Jamesoni and P. cumbalensis,
the fringed stipules suggesting the former and the small, shallowly
lobed leaves the latter. Unlike either of these, the under surface
of the leaves and the involucre are covered with a dense, brown
tomentum.
165. Passiflora glaberrima (Juss.) Poir. in Lam. Encyel. Suppl.
2: 843. 1811.
Tacsonia glaberrima Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 394. 1805.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem terete, the younger parts sub-
angular; stipules semi-ovate, about 1 cm. long, 0.4 cm. wide, acu-
minate, callous-serrate; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, 2—-4-glandular
at apex, the glands stipitate, 2.5 to 3 mm. long; leaves 3 to 5 cm.
long, 4.5 to 7 cm. wide, 3-lobed four-fifths their length (lobes ovate,
1 to 1.5 em. wide, acute, mucronulate, sharply dentate, the lateral
horizontally divaricate or slightly reflexed, nearly as long as the
middle lobe), 3-nerved (nerves prominent beneath), coriaceous;
peduncles about 1.5 cm. long, slender; bracts about 1.5 cm. long,
connate below middle, the free portions ovate, 0.5 to 0.6 em. wide
at base, acute; flowers violet; calyx tube cylindric, 3.3 cm. long,
5 to 6 mm. wide; sepals oblong, 1 to 1.5 em. long, obtuse, aristate
just below apex; petals subequal to the sepals; corona reduced to a
low, etuberculate ring; operculum dependent, recurved at margin;
ovary ellipsoidal.
TYPE LOCALITY: Paramo de Guamani, Peru.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in northern
part of Peru.
PERU: Piura: Péaramo de Guamani, Humboldt & Bonpland
(B, P, type).
This is the earliest described species of a small group of tacsonias
with blue, violet, or magenta flowers. The plants are essentially
glabrous throughout, and the glands, usually two in number, are
borne at the apex of the petiole.
Passiflora glaberrima is known apparently only from the single
collection made by Humboldt and Bonpland, the second one cited
by these authors, from Loja, being P. cwmbalensis. The specimen
in the Jussieu Herbarium at. Paris is without flowers, but the one
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 285
in the Humboldt Herbarium there has a single, fully developed
flower, the tube of which is 3.3 cm. long, the species thus being dis-
tinguished from P. cwmbalensis, the commonest member of this group.
166. Passiflora cumbalensis (Karst.) Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 18: Beibl.
46: 13. 1894.
Tacsonia glaberrima var. loxensis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn.
2: 195. 1846.
Tacsonia cumbalensis Karst. Linnaea 30: 161. 1859 or 1860.
Tacsonia glaberrima var. cumbalensis Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc.
27: 628. 1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 540. 1872.
Passiflora glaberrima var. cumbalensis Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci.
Nat. V. Bot. 17: 132. 1873.
Passiflora Goudotiana Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17:
132. 1878.
Tacsonia hederacea Mast. Journ. Linn. Soc. 20: 29. 1883. Not P.
hederacea Cav. (1790).
(?)Tacsonia tungurahuae Sodiro, Anal. Univ. Quito 18: 345. 1903.
Tacsonia cyanea Sodiro, Anal. Univ. Quito 18: 410. 1908. Not P.
cyanea Mast. (1872).
Tacsonia cyanea var. insignis Sodiro, Anal. Univ. Quito 18:
410. 1903.
Passiflora ecuadorica Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 212. 1924.
Plant glabrous throughout, except the inside of the bracts and
sometimes the ovary; stem angulate, conspicuously striate; stipules
semi-ovate, 5 to 15 mm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, attenuate-cuspidate,
callous-serrate, coriaceous; petioles up to 2.5 cm. long, conspicuously
2-4-glandular toward apex, the glands about 1 mm. thick; leaves
3 to 9 cm. long, 4 to 13 em. wide, shallowly to deeply 3-lobed (lobes
variable, broadly triangular-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 4.5 em.
wide, acute or rounded, subequal, or the middle one produced, the
lateral lobes subascending, divaricate, or reflexed), callous-serrate,
truncate, rounded, or cordate, coriaceous, dark green above, paler
beneath; peduncles 3 to 7 cm. long; bracts 3.5 to 5 em. long, reddish,
tomentulous within, connate to middle, the free portions acute,
entire; flowers blue, magenta, or lilac-purple; calyx tube cylindric,
7 to 11 cm. long; sepals oblong, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide,
obtuse, dorsally aristulate just below apex; petals subequal to the
sepals; corona tuberculate or subentire; operculum dependent, about
8 mm. long, the margin recurved, minutely fimbriolate; ovary fusi-
286 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
form, glabrous or rarely puberulent; fruit narrowly ovoid, 6 to 10 em.
long, 2 to 3.5 cm. in diameter; seeds obovate, 6 to 8 mm. long, 3 to 4
mm. wide, reticulate, the axis slightly curved.
TYPE LOCALITY: Voleén Cumbal, Department of Narifio,
Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Colombia and Ecuador, 2,500 to
3,000 meters altitude.
COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Zipacén, Popenoe 1054 (N, Y).
Between Sibaté and Fusagasuga, Lehmann 8269 (K). Bogota,
Tracey 19 (K).—Putumayo: Péramo del Tabano, Archer 3401 (N);
Garcia 4645 (N).—Tolima: Barsinal, Triana 2463 (BM). Lagune-
_ tas, Quindio Trail, Goudot in 1844 (P, type of P. Goudotiana).
Antioquia: Paramo de San Felix, Lehmann 8268 (K). Medellin,
R. B. White (K).—Caldas: Cerro Tatama, Pennell 10394 (N).
Cucarronera, New Quindio Trail, Hazen 9691 (N, Y).—El Cauca:
Dryander 1059 (N). Mt. Santa Ana, Pennell & Killip 7441 (BM, G,
N, Ph, Y). Andes west of Popayan, Lehmann 1067 (Y), 5916 (B, K).
Pdéramo de Guanacas, Lehmann 8267 (K). Cerro Munchique,
Stiibel 321a (B); Von Sneidern 1059 (S), 1060 (S). La Costa, Von
Sneidern 438 (S).—Narifio: Volean Cumbal, Karsten (B, V, type).
Pasto, Triana 2966 (BM, Gen); Jameson 420 (BM, Bo, Gen, N).
EcuADOR: Pearce 35 (K). Chonta Cruz, Poortmann 57, p.p. (P).
Juantu, western slopes of the Andes, André 4012 (K, type of Tacsonia
hederacea, Y).—Carchi: Chimbal, Mexia 7616 (N).—Pichincha:
Mt. Corazon, Sodiro (N, type of Tacsonia cyanea). Atacatzo, Sodiro
in 1903 (N, type of Tacsonia cyanea var. insignis). Tandacotd,
Holmgren 476 (S). Paramo de Mojamba, near Quito, Lehmann 8012
(B, F, K).—Azuay: Between Ofia and Cuenca, Hitchcock 21612
(G, Y).—Loja: Loja, Humboldt & Bonpland (B, P, type of Tac-
sonia glaberrima var. loxensis). Andes east of Loja, Lehmann 4841
(B, K, N).
There is much variation in the shape of the leaves in the material
here cited, and possibly two species are represented. This was my
opinion at the time I proposed a substitute for the specific names
hederacea and cyanea that became invalid in making the transfer
from Tacsonia to Passiflora. The prevailing form in Colombia has
larger, deeply lobed, cordate leaves and the tubercles of the corona
are so few and so reduced that it is almost a mere ring. Hitchcock
21612, from southern Ecuador, is of this sort, however, whereas the
type of P. cwmbalensis, from southern Colombia, agrees with the
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 287
greater part of the Ecuadorean material. Should two species be
recognized, P. Goudotiana would be the correct name for the com-
moner Colombian plant.
The large, magenta flowers of this plant were a striking feature of
the vegetation of the Andes west of Popayan at the time Dr. Pennell
and I visited the region.
Father Luis Mille, of Quito, has sent the National Museum a
number of specimens of Passifloraceae, including several from So-
diro’s herbarium. These, with the careful and complete descriptions
of the Ecuadorean tacsonias which Sodiro has published, have been
of great assistance in revising this rather difficult group.
Sodiro’s variety insignis, based on longer peduncles and longer
calyx, acute leaf-lobes, and broader petals, merges into the typical
plant.
No authenticated specimens of T'acsonia tungurahuae have been
examined. Sodiro stated that it closely resembled Tacsonia cyanea,
differing in the bracts being free or more or less united at the base.
LOCAL NAMES: “Curuba,” ‘“‘tacso”’ (Colombia).
167. Passiflora macrochlamys Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 130. 1908.
Plant glabrous nearly throughout; stem subterete; stipules early
deciduous; petioles 2 to 3 cm. long, 5-glandular, the glands stipitate,
about 1 mm. long, dissitate the entire length of the petiole; leaves 5
to 6 cm. long, 6 to 9 cm. wide, 3-lobed more than half their length
(middle lobe broadly ovate, 3 to 3.5 cm. wide at base, abruptly
acuminate, the lateral lobes ovate, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, shorter than
and divergent at nearly right angles from middle lobe), subcordate
at base, denticulate-serrate, coriaceous or subcoriaceous; peduncles
3 to 5.5 cm. long; bracts 5 to 5.5 cm. long, glabrous without, pubes-
cent within, connate two-thirds their length, the free portions ovate,
short-acuminate; calyx tube cylindric, 6 to 6.5 cm. long, glabrous;
sepals oblong, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 1.3 cm. wide, obtuse, aristulate
just below apex; petals subequal to sepals; corona minutely tubercu-
late; ovary ellipsoidal, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Monz6n, Peru.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in the
mountains of central Peru.
PERU: Ruiz & Pavén (P).—Hudnuco: Monzén, 2,000 to 2,500
meters, Weberbauer 3541 (B, type, Gen).
As noted by Harms, the leaves of this species have much the
general outline of the leaves of P. cumbalensis. The involucre is
288 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
much larger, however, the petiolar glands are more numerous and are
borne all along the petiole, and the calyx tube is much shorter. The
color of the flower is not stated.
168. Passiflora Schlimiana Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot.
17: 130.1873.
Stem terete, glabrous; stipules subreniform, about 2 em. long
and 1 cm. wide, glandular-serrate, coriaceous, glabrous above, villo-
sulous beneath; petioles 2 to 2.5 cm. long, 6+8-glandular, the glands
stipitate or subsessile; leaves 3-lobed about two-thirds their length,
8 to 9 em. long, 12 to 15 cm. between apices of lateral lobes (lobes
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, up to 4 cm. wide, short-acuminate),
cordulate at base, glandular-serrate, subcoriaceous, glabrous above,
pilosulous on the nerves and veins beneath; peduncles stout, 4 to 4.5
em. long; bracts 3.5 to 4 em. long, united one-half to two-thirds their
length, purplish and sparingly pilosulous without, densely white-
tomentose within, the free portions broadly ovate, short-acuminate;
calyx tube cylindric, 5 to 5.5 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. in diameter at
throat, densely cano-tomentose without; sepals oblong, about 3 em.
long and 1.2 cm. wide, obtuse, mucronulate; petals subequal to the
sepals; corona 1-ranked, tuberculate; operculum dependent, recurved
at margin; ovary ellipsoidal, densely cano-villose.
TYPE LOCALITY: “‘Prov. de Rio-Hacha, Taquina Arriba, alt. 3,250
to 3,575 m.,’’ Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Santa Marta Mountains,
in northeastern Colombia.
CoLoMBIA: Magdalena: Taquina Arriba, Schlim 829 (Gen, type
collection). Above San Miguel, at edge of paramo, 3,000 meters,
Seifriz 413 (N). Santa Marta, Schultze 1295 (B, N).
Triana and Planchon suggest that this may be only a variant of
P. mixta, noting as differences a much shorter calyx tube and longer
petiolar glands. The glands can not be relied upon, as there is wide
variation in the length of the glands in P. mixta, but the shorter
calyx tube and, in addition, the fact that the stem is terete, not
angular, indicate that the plants from the Santa Marta mountains,
noted for their highly endemic flora, represent a separate species.
169. Passiflora anastomosans (Lambert) Killip, Journ. Wash.
Acad. Sci. 17: 428. 1927.
Tacsonia anastomosans Lambert ex DC. Prodr. 3: 335. 1828.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 289
Plant essentially glabrous throughout; stem terete or the younger
parts subangulate; stipules semi-ovate, about 3 cm. long, 1.3 cm.
wide, acute, aristulate, callous-serrate, thick-coriaceous, lustrous
above; petioles about 2 cm. long, purplish when dry, stout, 2-4-
glandular near apex, the glands subsessile; leaves 7 to 9 cm. along
midnerve, 6 to 7 cm. along lateral nerves, 7 to 12 cm. between apices
of lateral lobes, 3-lobed about to middle (lobes lanceolate, 2.5 to 3
em. wide, acutish), rounded or abruptly cuneate at base, callous-
serrate, 3—5-nerved, conspicuously reticulate-veined, very smooth
and lustrous above, duller beneath, the nerves and veins impressed
above; peduncles 2.5 to 3 cm. long, stout, purplish when dry; bracts 6
to 7 em. long, tomentose within, connate one-half to two-thirds their
length, the free portions deltoid, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, acute; calyx tube
cylindric, 8 to 9 em. long, 0.6 to 1 cm. wide, scarcely enlarged at
throat, glabrous; sepals oblong-lanceolate, about 2 cm. long, 1 cm.
wide; petals similar to sepals and about two-thirds as long; corona
minutely tuberculate; ovary ellipsoidal, glabrous; fruit ovoid-
ellipsoidal.
TYPE LOCALITY: Peru.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type specimen.
PERU: Huanuco: Posuso, Pavén (BM, type, Bo).
The thick-coriaceous, very shiny leaves at once distinguish this
plant from its near relatives. The stipules and the bracts are
unusually large.
170. Passiflora psilantha (Sodiro) Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
14: 213. 1924.
Tacsonia psilantha Sodiro, Anal. Univ. Quito 18: 417. 1903.
Stem terete or slightly subangular, striate, softly pubescent;
stipules subreniform, 8 to 10 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, aristate, glandu-
lar-dentate; petioles up to 2.5 cm. long, 8-10-glandular; leaves 6 to 8
cm. long, 7 to 10 cm. wide, 3-lobed to from 1.5 to 2 em. from the base
(lobes oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 3 cm. wide, acuminate, the lateral
divergent about 45 degrees from middle lobe), shallowly cordate at
base, serrate-dentate, sparsely pilose or glabrate above, softly pubes-
cent beneath, especially on the nerves and veins; peduncles up to 2.5
cm. long; bracts united below middle into a tube about 8 mm. wide,
the free portions lanceolate, about 6 mm. wide, acute; flowers pale
red or white(?); calyx tube cylindric, 7 to 10 em. long, slender, 4 to 5
mm. in diameter, glabrous; sepals narrowly oblong, 2.5 to 3 cm. long,
0.4 to 0.5 em. wide, obtuse, long-awned dorsally just below apex;
290 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
petals subequaling the sepals, obtuse; corona minutely tuberculate;
operculum dependent, margin recurved; ovary sericeous-tomentose;
fruit ovoid, 5 cm. long, 2.5 cm. in diameter, softly pubescent; seeds
obovate, 6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, reticulate, axis slightly curved.
TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Regién interandina,”’ Ecuador.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of southern Ecuador.
EcuabDor: Sodiro (Mille 226, N, type).—Pichincha: Cotocallao,
Mille in 1922 (N).—Tungurahua: Ambato, .2,400 meters, Lehmann
109a (Bo, K, N).—Azuay: Cuenca, Rose 22827 (N); Popenoe 1336 (N).
This species is intermediate between P. mollissima and P. tri-
partita and may be a hybrid of these two. The leaves resemble
those of P. mollissima, and the slender flowers and general character
of the pubescence suggest P. tripartita. The calyx tube and the
involucre are, however, much narrower than in either of these species.
171. Passiflora tripartita (Juss.) Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 2:
843. 1811.
Tacsonia tripartita Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 395. pl. 60. 1805.
Stem terete (or the younger portions subangular), pilosulous with
grayish, curved hairs; stipules subreniform, 6 to 8 mm. long, 3 to 4
mm. wide, aristate, few-toothed; petioles up to 2.5 cm. long, obscurely
8-12-glandular, the glands sessile, or rarely glandless; leaves 6 to 8
em. long, 8 to 12 cm. wide (between apices of lateral lobes), 3-lobed to
about 1 cm. above base (lobes linear-oblong, up to 2 cm. wide,
acuminate, the lateral widely divaricate), truncate or subcordate at
base, glandular-serrate, finely and softly grayish-pilosulous on both
surfaces, especially on the nerves and veins; peduncles 2.5 to 4 em.
long; bracts 2.5 to 3 cm, long, united one-half to two-thirds their
length. (free portions lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5 to 6 mm. wide,
acute), softly pubescent without, tomentellous within; flowers rose-
colored; calyx tube cylindric, 9 to 10 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, often
slightly enlarged toward throat, glabrous; sepals oblong, about 3 cm.
long, 0.8 to 1 em. wide, obtuse, aristate dorsally just below apex;
petals subequal to sepals, obtuse; corona reduced to an inconspicuous
ring, unevenly crenulate at margin; operculum dependent, recurved
at margin, subentire; ovary narrowly ovoid, sericeous-tomentose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Tungurahua, Ecuador.
ILLUSTRATION: Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: pl. 60.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of central Ecuador; perhaps also
in Peru.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 291
EcuaAbDor: Pichincha: Quito, Jameson in 1859 (Ph).—Tungura-
hua: Tungurahua, Bonpland 3199 (B, P, type). Bafios, Popenoe 1284
(N). Ambato, Pachano 168 (N, Y). Zambiza, Sodiro (N).
PERU(?): Ruiz & Pavén (BM, Gen).
This species is recognized most readily by its linear-oblong leaf
lobes. A different indument further distinguishes the species from
P. mollissima.
Masters placed this among the tacsonias with nonconnate bracts,
citing a single Peruvian plant collected by Pavén. In the Pavén
plant seen at Geneva and in the British Museum as well as in the
other specimens here listed, the bracts are distinctly connate below
the middle.
Except for the Pavén specimen, only material from central
Ecuador has been examined. Possibly this is another instance of a
plant in the Pavén Herbarium being wrongly attributed to Pavén
as collector, and the specimen may actually have come from Ecuador.
172. Passiflora mollissima (HBK.) Bailey, Rhodora 18: 156. 1916.
(?) Passiflora tomentosa Lam. Encycl. 3: 40. 1789.
Tacsonia mollissima HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 144. 1817.
Murucuja mollissima Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 43. 1826.
Tacsonia mixta subsp. tomentosa Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 629.
1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 541. 1872.
(?)Tacsonia mollissima var. glabrescens Mast. in Mart. FI. segs
18, pt. 1: 541. 1872.
Passiflora tomentosa var. mollissima Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat.
V. Bot. 17: 181. 18738.
Stem terete, striate, densely and softly yellow-villous; stipules
subreniform, 7 to 9 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, aristate, denticulate or
subentire; petioles up to 3 em. long, canaliculate, bearing on inner
margin 8 to 12 sessile glands; leaves 5 to 10 em. long, 6 to 12 cm. wide,
3-lobed to about two-thirds their length (lobes ovate or ovate-oblong,
3 to 4 cm. wide, acute, the sinuses acute), subcordate, sharply serrate-
dentate, membranous, softly pubescent above, grayish- or yellowish-
tomentose beneath; peduncles 2 to 6 cm. long; bracts united one-half
to one-third their length, 2.5 to 3 em. long, acute, softly tomentose,
the free portions entire at margin; calyx tube 6.5 to 8 em. long, about
1 cm. in diameter, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent, olive-green,
often red-tinged without, white within; sepals oblong, 2.5 to 3.5 cm.
long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, obtuse, aristulate below apex; petals sub-
292 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
equal to the sepals, obtuse, pink; corona reduced to a purple band
with a few pinkish tubercles or crenulations; operculum white,
dependent, recurved at margin, subentire; ovary oblong, sericeous-
tomentose; fruit oblong-ovoid, 6 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 3.5 cm. in diam-
eter, yellowish, softly pubescent; seeds broadly obovate, to 6 cm.
long, 5 cm. wide, asymmetrical, reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Monserrate, near Bogota, Colombia.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. Diss. 10: pl. 275, 276; Bot. Mag. 71: pl.
4187; Bot. Reg. 32: pl. 11; Fl. des Serres 2: pl. 14; Paxton, Mag. 18:
pl. 25; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 24: pl. 44; Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26:
pl. 39.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Venezuela and the Eastern Cordillera of
Colombia to southeastern Peru and western Bolivia, between 2,000 -
and 3,200 meters altitude, rarely at lower or higher elevations, often
in cultivation; also cultivated in Europe, Mexico, and southern
California.
CALIFORNIA: Pacific Beach, cultivated, Kumm in 1930 (N).
MExIco: Puebla: Jalapasco, cultivated, Seler 3579 (B).—Mexico:
Nanchititla, Hinton 3608 (N).
VENEZUELA: Mérida: San Rafael de Mucuchias, Prttier 12904
(Gen, N, Y); Jahn 791 (N). Moconoque, Pittrer 13234 (Gen, N, Y).
COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Mutiscua, Killip & Smith 19681
(A, G, N, Y). Pamplona, Archer 3220 (N).—Santander: Slope of
Paramo de Santurban, near Tona, Killip & Smith 19520 (A, G, N,
Y).—Cundinamarca: Bogota, Humboldt & Bonpland 1767 (type; B,
P); Killip & Ariste Joseph (Killip 11925; N); Ariste Joseph B120
(Bog, N); Karsten (V); Goudot (P); Lehmann 2489 (B, Bo); Triana
2961 (BM, Brux, P, Y); Holton 708 (Y); Guevara A64 (N). Zipacdén,
Popenoe 1060 (N), 1139 (N). Tequendama, Popenoe 1120 (N).
Chipaqué, Ariste Joseph B42 (N).—Meta: Isla Fuquene, Pérez 92
(N).—Huila: Balsillas, cultivated, Pennell 691 (N, Y).—El Cauca:
Popayan, Lehmann 5422 (B, K, N).
ECUADOR: Couthouy in 1855 (G, Y).—Imbabura: Ibarra, Mexia
7390 (N).—Pichincha: Quito, Sodiro (Mille 225; N). Cotocallao,
Mille in 1923 (N).—Tungurahua: Ambato, Rose 22343 (G, N), 23776
(N); Popenoe 1223 (N).—Chimborazo: “Interandean highland,”’
Rimbach 151 (N).
PERU: Hudnuco: Huanuco, Macbride & Featherstone 2074 (F, N).
Pampayacu, Kanehira 265 (G).—Junin: Tarma, Killip & Smith
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 293
21868 (F, N, Y), 21942 (F, N, Y). Ocopa, Killip & Smith 22011
(F, N, Y). Carpapata, Killip & Smith 24481 (N, Y). Huancayo,
Valleriesta (N).—Ayacucho: Cearrapa, Killip & Smith 23236 (F, N,
Y).—Cuzco: Ollantaitambo, Cook & Gilbert 270 (N). Guispicanchi,
Herrera 696 (N). Paucarcoto, Bues (Herrera 2127, N; 2128, N).
Cuzco, Herrera 2943 (B); Popenoe 1355 (N).—Arequipa: Arequipa,
Rose 18979 (N, Y).
BOLIVIA: Chivesivi, Pentland (P).—La Paz: Sorata, cultivated,
Mandon 615, in part (BM, Gen, P, 8, V). La Paz, cultivated,
Weddell (P); D’Orbigny (P); Buchtien 4650 (N).
This species is extensively cultivated in the Andes under the name
curubdé, both for ornamental purposes and for its fruit. It doubtless
hybridizes freely with other tacsonias. In its typical form it is most
readily recognized by the terete stems, densely clothed with a short,
soft, yellowish indument, and a glabrous calyx tube. Plants with a
pubescent calyx tube may well be hybrids of this species and P.
mixta. Among the specimens cited above, Lehmann 5422 and Mexia
7390 are almost certainly hybrids of P. mollissima and P. mizta.
Passiflora tomentosa may be identical with P. mollissima, in
which case that name must be used for this species. However, the
type specimen of P. tomentosa, in the Jussieu Herbarium, which is
exactly matched by a Mathews specimen in the British Museum,
suggests a plant different from that commonly passing as P. mollis-
sima. The leaves are shaped more like those of P. ampullacea and
their dark brown indument also is like that of P. ampullacea. The
stipules, however, are of the broad, foliaceous type of P. mollissima
and its allies. Itis possible that the type of P. tomentosa was a hybrid
between P. ampullacea and perhaps P. mollissima; in view of this
uncertainty I hesitate to supplant the well known name P. mollissima
by that of P. tomentosa (see Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc. 20: 30. 1883).
Several specimens at Paris and Madrid referred by early authors
to ““P. tomentosa” actually represent P. mixta. One of these at
Madrid is evidently the original of one of Ruiz and Pavén’s unpub-
lished plates (Fl. Peruv. Chil. 5 [ined.]: pl. 538), which bears the spe-
cific name “‘tomentosa,’’ perhaps proposed independently of Lamarck.
LOCAL NAMES: “Granadilla cimarrona’’ (Mexico); “curuba’”’
(Colombia); “‘tacso,”’ “tintin,” “tumbo,” “trompos”’ (Peru).
173. Passiflora mixta L. f. Suppl. 408. 1781.
Passtflora longiflora Lam. Encycl. 3: 39. 1789.
Passiflora Tacso Cav. Diss. 10: 451. pl. 277. 1790.
294 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Tacsonia mixta Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 394. 1805.
Tacsonia longiflora Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 223. 1807.
Tacsonia Tacso Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 223. 1807.
Tacsonia speciosa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 48. 1817.
Murucuja speciosa Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 43. 1826.
Tacsonia mixta var. longiflora DC. Prodr. 3: 335. 1828.
Tacsonia quitensis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 184. 1845.
Distephana quitensis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 200. 1846.
Tacsonia serrata Karst. Linnaea 30: 160. 1859 or 1860.
Tacsonia mixta subsp. tomentosa var. speciosa Mast. Trans. Linn.
Soc. 27: 629. 1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 541. 1872.
Tacsonia mixta subsp. quitensis Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 629.
1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 542. 1872.
Passiflora mixta var. subquinqueloba Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci.
Nat: V. Bot. 17: 129; 1873:
Tacsonia urceolata Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 5389. 1872.
Tacsonia bicoronata Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 541. 1872.
Tacsonia mixta subsp. normalis Mast. in Mart. FI. Bras. 13, pt. 1:
541. 1872.
Tacsonia mixta var. bicoronata Mast. Journ. Linn. Soe. 20: 29.
1883.
Passiflora urceolata Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 428. 1927.
Stem angulate, glabrous or grayish-pubescent; stipules subreni-
form, 1 to 2 em. long, 0.5 to 1 em. wide, cuspidate, callous-dentate or
callous-serrate, the teeth unequal; petioles up to 3 cm. long, 4-8-
glandular, the glands stipitate or subsessile; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long,
6 to 13 cm. (or extremes up to 17 cm.) wide, 3-lobed to or to slightly
below middle (lobes ovate-oblong, 2 to 6 cm. wide, acute or abruptly
acuminate, the lateral lobes divaricate from the midlobe at about
45 degrees, occasionally at a greater angle, rarely bilobate), truncate
or subcordate at base, coarsely or finely callous-serrate, coriaceous,
glabrous and impressed-nerved above, glabrous, grayish-pubescent,
or tomentose beneath; peduncles stout, up to 6 em. long; bracts
united one-half to three-quarters their length into a tubulate-
campanulate or nearly cylindric involucre 2 to 5 em. long (free
portions ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire, one fissure usually much
deeper than the others), reddish, bright yellow-green when dry,
glabrous to densely tomentose without, tomentose within; calyx tube
cylindric, 8 to 11 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, slightly enlarged at
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 295
throat, glabrous or pubescent and yellow-green to orange-red without,
glabrous and cream-colored within; sepals oblong, 3 to 4 cm. long,
about 1.5 cm. wide, obtuse, aristate on outside just below apex
(awn 1 to 4 mm. long), yellow-green and pink or white at margin
on outside, pink to orange-red and white at base on inside; petals
subequal to sepals, obtuse, pink to orange-red, white at base; corona
tuberculate (tubercles up to 1 mm. long, in 1 series or sometimes in 2,
the inner tubercles shorter), deep lavender or purple; operculum 2 to
3 mm. long, dependent, recurved at the crenulate margin; ovary
ellipsoidal, glabrous or white-tomentose; fruit ovoid, 4.5 to 6 cm.
long, 2 to 2.5 em. in diameter, glabrous or pubescent; seeds obovoid,
4 to 5 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, reticulate, the axis straight.
TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia (type collected by Mutis).
ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. Diss. 10: pl. 277; J. E. Sm. Pl. Icon. Ined.
1: pl. 25; Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: pl. 128, f. 1; Bot. Mag. 96: pl.
5876; Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 40.
DISTRIBUTION: Central Venezuela through Colombia and
Ecuador to southern Peru and central Bolivia, from 2,500 to 3,600
meters altitude.
VENEZUELA: Linden 287 (Gen).—Federal District: Caracas,
Gollmer in 1856 (B).—Aragua: Colonia Tovar, Karsten (B, V, dis-
tributed as Tacsonia splendens Hort.); Fendler 470 (Bo, G, Gen, Mo,
P, Y); Pittier 9370 (G, N); Moritz 1322 (B, BM, N); Jahn 1204 (N).
—Trujillo: Trujillo, Funck & Schlim 789 (BM, Gen, P).—Mérida:
Silva Tafayés, Jahn 550 (N). Mucuruba, Gehriger 263 (Gen, N).
COLOMBIA: Lehmann IX (Bo, N).—Norte de Santander: Ocafia,
Schlim 418 (Bo, Brux, Gen, K, type of Tacsonia bicoronata, P). San
Pedro, Kalbreyer 486 (B, K). Between Mutiscua and Pamplona,
Killip & Smith 19685 (A, G, N, Y), 19712 (A, G, N, Y).—Santander:
Las Vegas, Killip & Smith 15576 (A, G, N, Y). La Baja, Killip &
Smith 17148 (A, G, N, Y). Vetas, Killip & Smith 17235 (A, G, N, Y),
17373 (A, N), 17920 (G, N, Y). Slope of Paramo Rico, Killip &
Smith 17825 (A, G, N, V, Y), 17831 (N), 18501 (A, G, N, Y). Paramo
de Las Puentes, Killip & Smith 18210 (A, G, N, Y).—Cundinamarca:
Bogota, Humboldt & Bonpland 1768 (B, type of Tacsonia speciosa) ;
Karsten (V, type of Tacsonia serrata); Triana 2967 (BM, Brux, Gen,
N, P, Y); Dawe 305 (N); Goudot (P); Schultze 35 (B). Sibaté,
Popenoe 1120a (N), 1158 (N). Zipacén, Popenoe 1140 (N, Y).
Nemocén, Popenoe 1081 (N), 1083 (N, Y). Tequendama, Ariste
Joseph B112(N). Chapinero, Killip 9720 (N). Fontibén, Lehmann
296 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
2624, p.p. (Bo, N), 6440 (B, K). San Cristdbal, Instituto de La Salle
(Bog, G).—Boyaca: Duitama, Toro 9 (Y),10 (Y).—Tolima: Quindio
Trail, Killip & Hazen 9510 (G, N, Y), 95385 (G, N, Ph); Karsten
(V). New Quindio Trail, Hazen 9671 (G, N, Ph, Y), 9680 (G, N, Y);
Killip 9755 (G, N, Ph, Y). El Salto, Cuwatrecasas 3242 (Ma).—
Antioquia: Santa Rosa, Lehmann X (B, Bo, N).—Caldas: Quindio
Trail, Killip & Hazen 9149 (G, Gen, N, P, Ph, Y), 9163 (N).
Salento, Pennell 9370 (G, N).—El Valle: Paramo de Buena Vista,
Pittier 1509 (N).—El Cauca: Paletara, Pennell 7114 (G, N). Mt.
Puracé, Pennell & Killip 6615 (G, N, Ph, Y); Killip 6572 (G, N, Ph,
Y), 6741 (G,N, Y). Pitay6, Pittter1424(N). Paramo de Guanacas,
Lehmann K20 (F, K). Sotara, Lehmann 2840 (Bo).—Narifio:
Yacuanquer, Lehmann 371 (Bo, N). Pasto, Lehmann 102 (K).
COLOMBIA, ECUADOR, or PERU: Lobb 121 (K, type of Tacsonia
urceolata, V).
Ecuapor: ‘‘Andes,” Spruce 5493 (BM, Gen, Y); Bowrcier in 1851
(P). San Miguel, Schimpff 261 (Gen).—Carchi: Tulcan, Hitchcock
21000 (G, N).—Pichincha: Mt. Pichincha, Heilborn 132 (Gen, 8S);
Jameson in 1864 (K, N); Karsten (V); Sodiro (Mille 224; N); Firmin
26 (N). Pifo, Mille 133 (N). Mt. Corazén, Sodiro (Mille 228; N),
108 (N); Lehmann 370 (BM, Bo). Quito, Lehmann 104 (Bo); culti-
vated, Hartweg 1017 (Gen), 1019 (BM, type of Tacsonia quitensis);
Johansen 7 (N). Ungui, Firmin 653 (F, N). Antisanilla, Anthony &
Tate 350 (N).—Le6én: Cotopaxi, Lehmann 53 (Bo), 418 (V).—Tun-
gurahua: Bafios, Holmgren 392 (S). Casatagua, Pachano 28 (N).
Tungurahua, Sodiro in 1901 (N).—Chimborazo: “Eastern Cordi-
llera,”” Rimbach 152 (N).—Azuay: Cuenca, Lehmann 6581 (B),
8266 (B).
PERU: Jussieu (P, type of P. longiflora; also type of P. Tacso);
Dombey 746 (P); Née (Ma); Haenke 1957 (Pr), 2040 (Pr).—Hua-
nuco: Mito, Macbride & Featherstone 1615(F). Mufia, Macbride 4315
(F, N). Pillao, Ruiz & Pavén (Bo, Brux, Gen, Ma, P).—Cuzco:
Lucumayo Valley, Cook & Gilbert 1348 (N). Panticalla Pass, Cook
& Gilbert 1824 (N). Urubamba Valley, Cook & Gilbert 828 (N).
Paucartambo, Herrera 2999 (N).—Ayacucho: Tambo, Weberbawer
5621 (B).—Puno: Sandia, Weberbauer 872 (B).
BOLIVIA: Teneria, Aracatal, Herzog 2489 (S, V).—La Paz:
Sorata, Mandon 614 (BM, Bo, Gen, P, V), 615, in part (Bo, P, S).—
Cochabamba: Ayopaya, Sailapata, Cardenas 3185 (N).
From examination of the large number of specimens here cited,
as well as from field observations, the writer agrees with Triana and
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 297
Planchon and Harms that it is-impossible to recognize as distinct
the many species that have been segregated from P. mixta L. f.
The bases for these segregations have been, in general, the degree
of pubescence on the stem, under surface of the leaves, bracts, and
calyx tube; the character of the petiolar glands—whether they are
sessile or stipitate; and the shape of the involucre. Masters grouped
these segregates into subspecies and varieties of “T’acsonia mizta,”
but the characters which he assigned to them do not appear to be
constant, and it seems impossible to correlate any of the distinguish-
ing marks. Doubtless this species hybridizes freely in nature with
such species as P. mollissima and P. cumbalensis.
In the great majority of the specimens examined the stems are
distinctly 4-5-angular; in a few specimens, however, the older por-
tions are subterete, as in the type of Tacsonia speciosa HBK., at
Paris. The involucre varies greatly in length and in the degree to
which it is connate.
Some of the variations in the matter of pubescence may be noted:
(1) Leaves, calyx tube, and ovary glabrous: Mandon 614, Car-
denas 3185, Bolivia; Killip 6572, Lehmann IX, Colombia; Lobb 121,
Colombia(?). P. longiflora, P. Tacso, P. mixta var. subquinqueloba.
(2) Leaves glabrous, calyx tube and ovary pubescent: Schlim
418, Killip & Smith 18210, Triana 2967, Colombia; Cook & Gilbert
828, Peru. Tacsonia speciosa, Passiflora bicoronata.
(3) Under surface of leaves, calyx tube, and ovary pubescent:
Killip & Smith 19685, Lehmann 2624, Colombia; Jahn 550, Vene-
zuela; Sodiro 224, Ecuador. Tacsonia quitensis.
(4) A variant in Ecuador with dense, white wool on the calyx
tube and under surface of the leaves is perhaps sufficiently well
marked to merit varietal rank.
Tacsonia urceolata was based upon Lobb 121, said to have been
collected in Colombia. The only specimen now at Kew of this
collection consists of the tip of the stem, bearing a few leaves and
flowers, and is mounted on a sheet with P. cuwmbalensis. No stipules
are present, though Masters describes them as linear and caducous,
the species therefore being placed by him between Tacsonia ampul-
lacea and T. Matthewsii. At Vienna there is a specimen bearing a
printed label reading ‘‘Peru, leg. Lobb” which is a perfect match for
the Kew specimen and which, indeed, appears to be the contiguous
part of it. The Vienna specimen bears the subreniform, cuspidate
stipules which characterize most tacsonias, and, in the present rather
298 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
broad interpretation of P. mixta, I fail to see why it should not be
included.
The presence of a second series of corona filaments, the basis of
Tacsonia bicoronata, occurs in many of the specimens cited above.
173a. Passiflora mixta var. eriantha (Benth.) Killip, comb. nov.
Tacsonia ertantha Benth. Pl. Hartw. 183. 1845.
Tacsonia mixta subsp. quitensis var. eriantha Mast. Trans. Linn.
Soc. 27: 629. 1871; in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1: 542. 1872.
Stem glabrous; leaves densely white- or yellowish-lanate between
the nerves and veins beneath; bracts white-lanate, at length glabrate;
calyx tube grayish-lanate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Quito, Ecuador, where cultivated.
ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Mag. 95: pl. 5750.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Ecuador, about 3,000 meters
altitude.
ECUADOR: Pichincha: Quito, cultivated, Hartweg 1016 (BM, type
of Tacsonia ertantha, K). Mt. Pichincha, Jameson (K); Holmgren 666
(S). Cotocallao, Holmgren 974 (S). Palalagua, Sodiro 567 (N).
Calacali, Mille 136 (N).—Chimborazo: Clurite Loja, Lehmann 108
(Bo).—Loja: Loja, Popenoe 1316 (N); Poortmann 57, p.p. (P);
Lehmann 4842 (B, K). Zaraguro, Lehmann 8013 (B, K).
LOCAL NAMES of P. mixta: ‘‘Tacso,” “‘curuba’”’ (Venezuela, Co-
lombia); ‘‘curubita,’”’ “curubita de indio” (Bogota); “tumbo,”’
“‘monte-tumbo”’ (Peru); ‘‘xamppajrrai’’ (Quechua, Peru); “‘guyan”
(Ecuador).
The fruit is edible, though not esteemed so highly as that of
P. mollissima.
174. Passiflora mesadenia Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:
427. 1927.
Stem subquadrangular, striate, pilosulous; stipules subreniform,
1.5 to 2 em. long, 0.5 to 0.8 cm. wide, aristate, glandular-dentate
near base; petioles up to 2 cm. long, biglandular at middle, occasion-
ally with an additional gland above or below middle, short-stipitate,
1.5 to 2 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. in diameter; leaves 4 to 6 cm. long,
6 to 8 em. wide, 3-lobed to middle (lobes acute, the middle lobe
oblong-lanceolate, the lateral lobes ovate-lanceolate), subauriculate
or cordulate at base (basal lobes slightly overlapping), shallowly and
irregularly dentate-serrate, reticulate-veined (nerves and veins
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 299
impressed above), subcoriaceous, dark green and glabrous above,
paler and pilosulous or densely villous beneath; peduncles 4 to 5.5
em. long, subquadrangular, stout; bracts 4 to 5 cm. long, acute,
united about half their length (free portions entire at margin),
glabrous; calyx tube cylindric, 7 to 8 cm. long, about 1 cm. in diam-
eter, pink without, glabrous; sepals oblong, about 4 cm. long, 1 cm.
wide, obtuse, concave toward apex, short-awned on outside just
below apex, pink without, white within; petals oblong-spatulate, as
long as the sepals, about 1.5 em. wide, obtuse, white; corona reduced
to a row of small, thick tubercles about 1 mm. long; operculum 5 to 6
mm. long, the margin recurved, denticulate; limen closely surround-
ing base of gynophore, lobulate; ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous,
pruinose.
TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Chinchao, Peru.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of central Peru.
PERU: Hudnuco: Villeabamba, Rio Chinchao, 1,800 meters,
Macbride 4960 (F, type). Pampayacu, Kanehira 265a (G); Sawada
PLAN):
This species bears a general resemblance to P. macrochlamys, but
is at once distinguished by the size and shape of the petiolar glands.
The stipules are much smaller and the calyx tube longer. The very
large petiolar glands also differentiate it from the many forms of
P. mixta.
Subgenus XIV. GRANADILLASTRUM
175. Passiflora semiciliosa Planch. & Linden, Ann. Sci. Nat. V.
Bot. 17: 145. 1873.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem terete; stipules semi-ovate, up to
4 em. long, 2 cm. wide, oblique at base, sharply serrate; petioles
bearing several elongate (about 3 mm.), filiform glands; leaves 3-
lobed to about 2 em. from base (lobes linear- or ovate-lanceolate, 6
to 8 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 em. wide, gradually acuminate, the middle lobe
serrate-ciliate, the lateral lobes serrate-ciliate at inner margins);
peduncles 20 to 25 em. long, arcuate above; bracts oblong, about 1.5
em. long, 1 cm. wide, free to base, glandular-serrate; calyx tube
urceolate-tubular, about 1.5 em. long, 0.8 em. wide; sepals linear-
lanceolate, about 4 cm. long, 0.6 em. wide, obtuse, aristate dorsally
just below apex; petals subequal to sepals; corona filamentose, the
filaments 1 to 1.2 em. long, in 2 series at throat of tube, the third
about halfway down; operculum dependent, the margin recurved,
fimbriate.
800 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
TYPE LOCALITY: La Cruz, Ocafia, Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and the Santa
Marta region; perhaps also in north-central Venezuela.
VENEZUELA: Aragua: Colonia Tovar, Sydow 328 (N).
COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Rio Frio, Kalbreyer 1960 (B).—Norte
de Santander: La Cruz, Schlim (K, type collection).—Santander:
Paramito, Kalbreyer 752 (B).
This is the type species of the subgenus Granadillastrum. The
Sydow specimen, from Venezuela, is without flowers and may belong
to some other species. Among the species of Granadillastrum, all of
which are characterized by the calyx tube being shorter than the
sepals, P. semiciliosa is readily distinguished by the deep lobation
of the leaves, the lobes being very narrow. The vegetative parts of
P. semiciliosa have a close resemblance to P. gritensis, of Granadilla.
176. Passiflora manicata (Juss.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 221. 1807.
Tacsonia manicata Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 3938. pl. 59, f. 2.
1805.
Passiflora manicata var. communis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:
139. 1817.
Passiflora manicata var. macrophylla HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:
139.. 1817.
Tacsonia manicata var. macrophylla M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn.
2: 198. 1846.
(?)Passiflora meridensis Karst. Linnaea 30: 165. 1859 or 1860.
Passiflora rhodantha Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 324. 1895.
Stem stout, angulate, densely strigillose or glabrate; stipules semi-
ovate (attached at middle of side), 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 0.8 to 1 em. wide,
coarsely sharp-dentate; petioles up to 5 em. long, 4—10-glandular,
the glands stipitate or subsessile; leaves 4 to 8 cm. long, 5 to 9 em.
wide (or the lower up to 10 cm. long, 14 cm. wide), 3-lobed to or
occasionally to slightly below middle (lobes ovate or oblong-ovate,
2 to 5 em. wide, obtuse or acutish, the middle lobe usually produced),
rounded or subcordate at base, callous-serrulate or serrate, glabrous
or pilosulous above, tomentose beneath; peduncles up to 7 em. long;
bracts free or united toward base, ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em.
wide, acute, entire or serrulate, tomentellous without, tomentellous
or rarely glabrescent within; calyx tube urceolate-campanulate, 1.5
to 2 cm. long, 0.8 to 1 cm. in diameter, green without, light green or
white within, suleate at base; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 3.5 cm.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 301
long, 6 to 7 mm. wide, obtuse, awned dorsally just below apex, green,
pink-tinged without, scarlet within; petals oblong, obtuse, scarlet;
corona in 3 or 4 series, the outer 2 or 3 filamentose, the filaments
2 to 4mm. long, blue, the next series tuberculate, 0.5 mm. long, the
innermost series borne about 4 mm. below throat, white, lacerately
cleft into narrowly linear divisions; operculum about 7 mm. long,
white, dependent, the margin retrorse, minutely denticulate; limen
membranous, erect, 3 to 4 mm. high, lobulate; ovary obovoid, gla-
brous; fruit ovoid or subspherical, 3.5 to 5 em. long, 2.5 to 3.5 cm.
wide, dark green, glabrous and shining; seeds ovate, 5 mm. long,
3 mm. wide, finely reticulate, black when ripe.
TYPE LOCALITY: Loja, Ecuador.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Gard. & For. 7: pl. 265, 267; Ann. Mus. Hist.
Nat. 6: pl. 59, f. 2; Paxton, Fl. Gard. 1: pl. 26; Bailey, Stand. Cycl.
Hort. 2486. f. 2775; Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 35a.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Venezuela, Eastern and Central Cor-
dilleras of Colombia to northern Peru, 1,500 to 2,500 meters altitude;
sometimes cultivated.
VENEZUELA: Mérida: Bailadores, Funck & Schlim 1254 (Bo,
Gen). Paramo de San José, Jahn 966 (N).
COLOMBIA: “Eastern Cordillera,” Dawe 355 (N).—Norte de
Santander: Pica-Pica Valley, north of Toledo, Killip & Smith 20022
(A, G, N, Y). Labateca, Killip & Smith 20547 (A, G, N, Y).—
Cundinamarca: Ubaqué, Holton 705 (Y). Fusagasugd, Holton in
1853 (Y).—Boyaca: Leiva, Dawe in 1919 (K).—Tolima: Quindio
Mountains, Humboldt & Bonpland (type of P. manicata var. macro-
phylla, B, P). Gallegos, Quindio Trail, Killip & Hazen 9551 (N),
9557 (G, N). San Miguel, New Quindio Trail, Hazen 9665 (G, N),
9667 (G, N, Ph, Y); Killip 9742 (N, Y). El Moral, Goudot (P);
Triana (BM, Brux, Gen). Mariquita, Triana (N, P, Y).—Caldas:
Salento, Pennell, Killip & Hazen 9094 (G, N, P, Ph, Y).—El] Cauca:
Stiibel 159 (B). Jambal6, Pittier 1445 (N). San Isidro, Pennell &
Killip 6421 (G, N). Coconuco, Von Sneidern 1112 (S).—Narifio:
Pasto, Triana 2962 (BM); Werner 15 (B).
ECUADOR: Spruce 5171 (BM, Gen, V, Y); Bourcier in 1851 (P);
Lehmann 107 (Bo).—Imbabura: Ibarra, Humboldt & Bonpland
(B, P, type of Tacsonia manicata); Stiibel 131a (B, type of P. rho-
dantha), 131b (B); Popenoe 1250 (N); Lehmann 588 (Bo); Mexia 7360
(N). Otavalo, Hitchcock 20815 (G, N).—Pichincha: Quito, Sodiro
(Mille 235, N); Holmgren 735 (S). Gudpulo, Benoist 2159 (P).
302 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Tumbaco, Mille 134 (N).—Tungurahua: Bafios, Holmgren 429 (BM,
Gen, 8); Schimpff 181 (Gen).—Chimborazo: Huigra, Rose 22133
(G, N, Y); Hitchcock 20631 (G, N). Guaranda, Rémy (P).—Azuay:
Chagal, near Cuenca, Lehmann 4565 (B, N).—Loja: Loja, Humboldt
& Bonpland 3394 (type of P. manicata var. communis, B, BW, P);
Rose 23286 (N, Y). Mt. Saraguru, near Loja, Humboldt & Bonpland
8395 (B, P).
PERU: Cajamarca: Hacienda La Tajona, Weberbauer 4051 (B, Gen).
This species is intermediate between the tacsonias and grana-
-dillas, and has been placed at various positions in taxonomic treat-
ments of the family. Jussieu, De Candolle, Don, and Masters
considered it Tacsonia; Kunth records it as Passiflora. Triana and
Planchon place it next to P. pinnatistipula in the section Poggen-
dorffia of the subgenus Tacsonia. Harms creates for it a subsection,
Manicatae, in his section Tacsonia. The calyx tube, though not
nearly so long as in the true tacsonias, is longer than in Granadilla;
the dependent operculum, with a recurved margin, is characteristic
of Tacsonia; the corona is in several ranks, the filaments of the
various ranks approximating in shape and proportionate length
similar processes in Granadilla. The vegetative characters of the
plant, particularly the stipules, bracts, and petiolar glands, are
suggestive of Tacsonia rather than Granadilla. In the field, however,
one associates this plant with Granadilla rather than with Tacsonia.
Probably this species is best placed in the subgenus Granadil-
lastrum. This group, described originally by Triana and Planchon
as a section of their subgenus TJ'acsonia, and recently raised by Harms
to equal rank with Tacsonia, is clearly a connecting link between
true Tacsonia and Granadilla. The corona is filamentose and in more
than two ranks and the calyx tube is shorter than the sepals. In the
six species here placed in Granadillastrum the innermost filaments are
longer than the intermediate ones.
The specimens cited above lack uniformity in three particulars: in
some the bracts are free to the base, while in others they are united
nearly to the middle; the petiolar glands are long-stipitate in some,
nearly sessile in others; the ovary is glabrous or tomentose. It seems
impossible, however, to correlate these characters, and to recognize
any well defined species or varieties.
177. Passiflora antioquiensis Karst. Linnaea 30: 162. 1859 or 1860.
Passiflora antioquiensis var. trisecta Karst. Linnaea 30: 162.
1859-60.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 308 |
Tacsonia Volxemi Funck, Journ. Hort. Prat. Belg. 5: 25. 1861.
Tacsonia Van-Volxemii Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 10: pl. 381. 1863.
Passiflora Van Volxemii Tr. & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17:
141. 1893.
Stem terete (or the younger parts subangulate), rufo-hirtellous
to rufo-tomentose; stipules subulate, 5 to 7 mm. long; petioles up
to 4 em. long, stout, obscurely glandular; leaves dimorphic, unlobed,
ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 7 to 15 cm. long, 3.5 to 8 cm.
wide, or 3-lobed to within 1 cm. of base (lobes lanceolate or elliptic-
lanceolate, up to 3 cm. wide), rounded or subcordate at base, unevenly
and sharply serrate, puberulent on the nerves and veins above, densely
pilose or strigillose on the nerves and veins and slightly tomentellous
elsewhere beneath (or both surfaces glabrous?); flowers rose-red;
calyx tube cylindric, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, ventricose at base, glabrous;
sepals oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 6.5 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide,
obtuse, short-awned; petals similar to the sepals, obtuse, clawed
at base; corona in 3 series, the outer 2 about 2 mm. apart, the outer-
most minutely tuberculate, the inner varying (often in the same
flower) from minutely tuberculate (tubercles 0.5 mm. long) to fila-
mentose (filaments slender, 5 mm. long), the third series situated
about 1 cm. above base of tube, filamentose, the filaments 4 to 6 mm.
long; operculum borne midway between preceding and base of tube,
membranous, deflexed, the margin recurved, minutely denticulate
or nearly entire; ovary narrowly ellipsoidal, glabrous or puberulent.
TYPE LOCALITY: Department of Antioquia, Colombia, cultivated
at Bogota.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Journ. Hort. Prat. Belg. 5: pl. 3; Lemaire, III.
Hort. 10: pl. 381; Bot. Mag. 92: pl. 5571; Karst. Fl. Columb. 1:
pl. 71; Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 1765. f. 2457; Stand. Cycl. Hort.
2485. f. 2778.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Colombia, 2,000 to 3,000 meters
altitude.
COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Bogota, cultivated, originally from
the Department of Antioquia, Karsten (B, V, type); Triana 2971
(BM, Gen).—Boyacaé: Duitama, Dawe in 1919 (K). Cultivated,
Pérez 3028 (HNC).—Antioquia: La Sierra, near Medellin, Archer
1109 (N).—Caldas: Rio San Rafael, below Cerro Tatama, Pennell
10390 (G, N).—Tolima: Quindio Trail, Goudot (K).—El Cauca:
San José, west of Popayan, Pennell 7568 (G, N, Ph, Y), 7626 (G, N,
Ph. ¥3;
304 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
This species is well known in horticulture, where it passes usually
under the name Tacsonia Van Volxemii. Hooker, in an account of
this plant (Bot. Mag. 92: pl. 5571. 1866), cites “Tacsonia (? Psilan-
thus) Van-V olxemw Funk, in Journ. of Hort. v. 5. Feb. 1861. Lemaire,
Jard. Fleuriste t. 381.’ The latter was published in 1854, but
plate 381 is Costus Verschaffeltianus. Hooker’s reference probably
should have been to the Illustration Horticole of Lemaire (1863),
in which pl. 381 is Tacsonia Van Volxemii. Therefore Karsten’s
specific name antioquiensis (1859-1860) antedates Van Volxemit.
The structure of the flower indicates that this species belongs to
Granadillastrum, where apparently it is the only one with polymorphic
leaves. The foliage and the long, slender peduncles are suggestive
of one group of the tacsonias.
LOCAL NAME: “Cumba quitefia’”’ (Bogota).
178. Passiflora peduncularis Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 15. pl. 426. 1799.
Tacsonia peduncularis Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 395. 1805.
Murucuja peduncularis Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 43. 1826.
Tacsonia peduncularis var. Dombeyana DC. Prodr. 3: 334. 1828.
Tacsonia Dombeyana M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 197. 1846.
Stem stout, quadrangular, striate, tomentulous; stipules semi-
ovate, 5 to 8 mm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, acute, coarsely and irregu-
larly serrate, membranous, glabrous or tomentulous, purplish;
petioles 1 to 1.5 em. long, 3-4-glandular, tomentose; leaves 3-lobed
to below middle (lobes ovate, subequal, 3 to 6 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 em.
wide, obtuse or acute, narrowed at base, the lateral divergent at
nearly right angles), deeply cordate, serrulate, subcoriaceous, above
slightly lustrous, glabrous, the veins dark, impressed, beneath
tomentulous on nerves and veins; peduncles stout, 10 to 15 em. long,
subangular, tomentulous; bracts 2 to 3 cm. long, tomentulous,
united one-half to two-thirds their length into a turbinate tube, the
free portions ovate, acute, crenulate or entire; flowers white (usually
rose-tinted when dry); calyx tube short-cylindric, 1.5 to 2 em. long,
searcely longer than the bracts, enlarged at base, tomentulous with-
out; sepals oblong, 3 to 4 cm. long, 0.8 to 1 cm. wide, obtuse, aristu-
late dorsally just below apex; petals oblong, slightly shorter than
sepals; corona in several series, the uppermost consisting of narrowly
liguliform filaments about 2 mm. long, below this an erect membrane
about 1 mm. long, lobulate half its length, below which are about
6 indefinite rows of filiform threads 1 mm. long or less, the lowermost
series of filaments, borne just above operculum, consisting of filiform
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 305
threads about 2 mm. long; operculum dependent, the margin re-
curved, minutely crenulate; ovary yellowish-tomentose; fruit
spherical, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter.
TYPE LOCALITY: ‘In Guayaquil, et in Regno Peruviano prope
Valparaiso et Almendral.”’
ILLUSTRATION: Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: pl. 426.
DISTRIBUTION: Probably restricted to the mountains of central
and southern Peru, the only localities from which it is definitely
known being on the upper western mountain slopes.
PERU: Née (Ma, type); Pavén (B, BM); Mathews 480 (BM, G,
Gen, P); Dombey (P, type of Tacsonia peduncularis var. Dombeyana) ;
Haenke 2118 (Y). “‘Andes,’”’ Wilkes Expedition (N).—Ancash:
Ocros, Cajatambo, Weberbawer 2675 (B, Gen).—Lima: Rio Chilldén,
above Obrajillo, 3,000 meters, Pennell 14393 (K, Ph, Y).—Moque-
hua: Carumas, 3,300 meters, Weberbauer 7345 (F, K, N).
The long peduncles, differently shaped leaves, and white flowers,
and the numerous filaments on the inside of the calyx tube are
the most obvious characters which distinguish this species from
P. manicata.
Triana and Planchon (Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 17: 148. 1873)
have discussed at length two points in connection with Cavanilles’
original description which have caused confusion. In Cavanilles’
illustration each of the three bracts is 3-lobed, although in specimens
studied by other writers each bract is entire and acute. Triana and
Planchon suggest that, as the bracts doubtless are concave, they
become more or less divided when pressed out.
These authors also call attention to the localities which Cavanilles
gives for P. peduncularis, “Guayaquil, et in Regno Peruviano prope
Valparaiso and Almendral,’’ suggesting that this is doubtless Val-
paraiso, Chile, and that Cavanilles merely chanced to mention it
as a locality visited by Née. The type at Madrid bears a label in
Cavanilles’ writing, reading ‘‘Habitat in Guayaquil, Valparaiso,
Almendral, etc.”” The species is probably confined to the high moun-
tains of central Peru.
Cavanilles states that the flower is ‘‘rosea,’’ though all other
notes that have been made give it as white. It is possible that
Cavanilles included notes on a specimen of the scarlet-flowered
P. manicata, growing at Guayaquil, in his description of P. pedun-
cularis.
306 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
179. Passiflora Weberbaueri Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 54: Beibl. 117:
79. 1916.
Plant essentially glabrous; stem subterete or slightly angulate,
glabrous, stipules broadly semi-ovate or semi-cordate, 1.2 to 1.7 em.
long, lacerate at margin; petioles up to 2.5 cm. long, bearing above
middle and at apex 2 pairs of stipitate glands; leaves 6 to 14 em. long,
2 to 5 em. wide, 3-foliolate, the leaflets oblong or oblong-lanceolate
to ovate-lanceolate, subequal or the lateral often shorter, subsessile
or contracted to a short (up to 3 mm.) petiolule, acuminate, sharply
serrate or dentate-serrate, strongly reticulate-veined, coriaceous,
glabrous or subglabrous; peduncles 7 to 12 cm. long; bracts ovate-
oblong or oblong, 4 to 4.5 cm. long, nearly 2 em. wide, acute or ob-
tusish, rounded or subcordate at base, lacerate-serrate at margin,
tomentellous or puberulent within; flowers white; calyx tube urceo-
late-campanulate; sepals narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 6 cm. long,
aristate; petals broadly linear, 4 to 5.5 em. long, obtuse; corona in
3 series, the outer 2 ranks filamentose, the outermost filaments 1.5_
to 2 cm. long, white, faintly purplish, those of the second series shorter,
below this a short, erect membrane, filamentose at margin; operculum
dependent, recurved and filamentose at margin; ovary velutinous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cosiipata, Paucartambo, Cuzco, Peru.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of southeastern Peru, 2,300 to 2,800
meters altitude.
PERU: Cuzco: Coshipata, Weberbauer 6933 (B, type). Yanamayo,
Pennell 14040 (N, Ph, Y).
The only species to which this handsome plant is closely related
is P. trisecta, which is densely tomentose and has much more deeply
cleft bracts. The coronal structure of P. Weberbaueri is very similar
to that of P. semiciliosa.
180. Passiflora trisecta Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 138, pt. 1: 564.
1872.
Passiflora thaumasiantha Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10:
813. 1929.
Stem terete, striate, sparsely or densely short-ferruginous-villous;
stipules ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, 0.5 to 1 cm. wide, acu-
minate, strongly oblique at base, laciniate-serrate (serrations termi-
nating in a gland-tipped awn and more or less glandular along their
margin), ferruginous-villosulous; petioles 2 to 5 cm. long, bearing
2 or 3 long, filiform glands at apex and 3 or 4 shorter, similar glands
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 307
near middle; leaves 3-foliolate, the leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 9
cm. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide, acuminate at apex, narrowed at base
to a petiolule 1 to 3 mm. long, serrate, penninerved (secondary
nerves 10 to 14 to a side, subimpressed above), yellowish green and
densely short-villosulous above, densely yellowish-gray-tomentose
beneath; peduncles 8 to 15 em. long, stout, pubescent as stem;
bracts ovate, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, distinct to
base, acuminate, deeply fimbriate-laciniate; calyx tube tubular-cam-
panulate, 1 to 1.5 em. long, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, villous-tomentose
and light green without, white within; sepals narrowly oblong, 2 to 4
em. long, about 1 cm. wide, light green without, white within,
slightly keeled dorsally, the keel terminating in a foliaceous awn
about 1 cm. long; petals linear-lanceolate, 2 to 2.5 em. long, 3 to
5 mm. wide, obtuse, white; corona in 8 series, all borne at throat
of tube, the outer 2 filamentose, the filaments about 2 mm. long
(probably longer in more fully developed specimens), white, the
inner series consisting of minute, dentiform processes; operculum
- white, dependent, the margin recurved, crenulate; limen apparently
none; ovary obovoid-oblong, densely ferruginous-sericeous-villous;
fruit globose, about 5 cm. in diameter; seeds reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia.
ILLUSTRATION: Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 34: 251. f. 47. 1980.
DISTRIBUTION: South-central Peru to Bolivia, 2,400 to 2,800
meters altitude.
PERU: Junin: La Mejorada, Killip & Smith 233845 (N, Y).—
Ayacucho: Anco, Rio Mantaro Valley, Killip & Smith 22178 (N, Y).
Huanta, Killip & Smith 23332 (F, N, Y).—Cuzco: Urubamba
Valley, Cook & Gilbert 824 (N); Herrera 1673 (B, type of P. thaumasi-
antha). Mollepata, Herrera 1223 (B).—Arequipa: Huaspa, Rai-
mondi 11479 (B).
BoLiviA: Pentland (K, type).
An interesting species, placed by Masters among the granadillas
though doubtless better referred to Granadillastrum. The foliage
suggests P. trifoliata, but the flowers are quite different. The only
close relative of this species, P. Weberbaueri, is a glabrous plant
with differently shaped and toothed bracts and stipules, and longer
corona filaments.
LOCAL NAME: “‘Montetumbos’” (Peru).
308 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Subgenus XV. DISTEPHANA
181. Passiflora glandulosa Cav. Diss. 10: 453. pl. 281. 1790.
Tacsonia glandulosa Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 391. 1805.
Tacsonia canaliculata Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 392. 1805.
Tacsonia glandulosa var. canaliculata DC. Prodr. 3: 335. 1828.
Tacsonia Rohriana DC. Prodr. 3: 335. 1828.
(?)Tacsonia Stoupyana DC. Prodr. 3: 335. 1828.
Tacsonia Fockeana Miq. Linnaea 18: 364. 1844, as Tacksonia.
Distephana glandulosa M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 198. 1846.
Distephana glandulosa var. canaliculata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat.
Syn. 2: 198. 1846.
(?) Distephana Stoupyana M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 199. 1846.
Distephana Rohriana M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 199. 1846.
Distephana Fockeana M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 199. 1846.
Tacsonia subcoriacea Garcke, Linnaea 22: 62. 1848.
(?) Passiflora glandulosa var. Stowpyana Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
18, pt. 1: 600. 1872.
Passiflora glandulosa var. canaliculata Mast. in Mart. FI. -Bras.
18, pt. 1: 600. 1872.
Passiflora im Thurnii Mast. Gard. Chron. III. 23: 305, 307.
f. 114. 1898.
Passiflora silvicola Barb. Rodr. Contr. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro
4:91. pl. 14. 1907.
Stem terete or subangulate, glabrous or rarely minutely puberu-
lent, purplish; stipules linear-subulate or setaceous, very soon
deciduous; petioles up to 2.5 em. long, biglandular at or below
middle, the glands sessile; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate,
6 to 15 em. long, 4 to 10 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, mucronulate,
entire or slightly undulate, cordulate, rounded, or acutish at base,
thick-coriaceous to subcoriaceous, glaucous and glabrous or finely
and softly puberulent beneath, occasionally setulose on nerves;
peduncles up to 8 cm. long; bracts linear-lanceolate, 5 to 10 mm.
long, 1 to 2 mm. wide (rarely ovate-lanceolate, and much larger’),
glandular at margin; flowers red or scarlet; calyx tube cylindric,
1.5 to 2.5 em. long, 0.8 to 1 cm. wide, ventricose at base; sepals
oblong or linear-oblong, 2 to 5 em. long, 0.6 to 1.3 ecm. wide, short-
awned near apex, erect, or reflexed in age; petals slightly shorter
than sepals; corona in 2 series, the outer consisting of free, awl-
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 309
shaped, white or pale pink filaments about 1 em. long, the inner
a cylindric membrane, arising near base of tube, subadnate to tube,
the upper part free, lacerate-filamentose at apex, the cut portion
2 to 5 mm. long; operculum borne about 3 mm. above base of tube,
pink, dependent, the margin recurved, short-filamentose; limen
membranous, cupuliform, about 1 mm. high, closely surrounding
base of gynophore, minutely fimbrillate; ovary ellipsoidal, sub-
angular, glabrous or usually white-puberulent; fruit ovoid, 5 to 6 em.
long, 2.5 to 3 cm. in diameter, the pericarp coriaceous; seeds obovate,
about 8 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, finely reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cayenne.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. Diss. 10: pl. 281; Gard. Chron. III. 238: 307.
f. 114. 1898; Contr. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: pl. 14.
DISTRIBUTION: Guianas to the lower Amazon basin and eastern-
most Brazil.
FRENCH GUIANA: Rohr (BM, Gen, type of Tacsonia Rohriana);
Stoupy in 1788 (P, type); Perrottet 31 (Gen, P); Leschenault (BM,
P); Leprieur 36 (P), Poiteaw (Gen); Mélinon in 1864 (B, P). Karou-
any, Sagot 287 (BM, Bo, Brux, Gen, P, S, V, Y). Cayenne, Broad-
way 384 (N, Y), 764 (N, Y).
SURINAM: Hohenacker 30 (S); Landré 620, in part (Leid); Hulk 358
(Ut); Hostmann 1224(BM). Nickerie River, Tulleken 325 (Leid), 499
(Leid). Bergendaal, Focke 931 (Ut, typeof TacsoniaFockeana). Para-
maribo, Kappler 1665 (Bo, P,S, Ut). Victoria, Kappler 1360 (Bo, P,S,
Ut). Republiek, Kuyper 76 (B, Ut). Saramacca River, Pulle 65 (Ut).
Wajombo River, Pulle 353 (Ut). Ananasberg, Tresling 309 (Ut).
Gran Rio, Hulk 295 (Ut). Emma Range, B. W. 5818 (Ut). Mara-
takka River, B. W. 978 (Ut). Brownsberg, Stahel & Gonggrijp 61
(Ut), 106 (Ut). Sectie O, Lanjouw 177 (Ut); Pulle 202 (Ut); Gong-
grup 2 (Ut). Zanderij I, Lanjouw 306 (Ut). Abina, Lanjouw 431
(Ut). Voltzberg, Lanjouw 945 (Ut). Gansee, Lanjouw 1283 (Ut).
Coppename River, Boon 1011 (Ut); Stahel & Gonggrijp 88 (Ut).
Tapanahoni River, Versteeg 772 (Ut). Cottica, Versteeg 318 (Ut);
Gonggrijp 39 (Ut). Para, Voltz (Ut); Splitgerber 731 (Leid); Wull-
schligel 218 (Brux).
BRITISH GUIANA: Schomburgk 33, in part (P), 606 (Bo, Brux,
N, Ut, Y), 709 (BM, Gen, Ut); Taylor in 1916 (Y). Penal Settle-
ment, Hitchcock 17074 (N, Y). Bartica, Linder 129 (G, S); Sandwith
471 (K, Ut). Kangaruma, Gleason 215 (N, Y). Tumatumari,
Gleason 167 (N, Y), 326 (Y), 389 (N, Y); Linder 30 (G). Demerara
310 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
River, Jenman 6709 (BG), 6914 (B, F, N, Ph, Y); De la Cruz 2473
(G, N, Y); Persaud 24 (F). Potaro River, De la Cruz 4474 (N, Y);
A. W. Bartlett in 1907 (BG). Waini River, De la Cruz 3617 (N, Y).
Pomeroon River, De la Cruz 1184 (Y); Jenman 7534 (BG, Y).
Mazaruni Station, Archer 2474 (N).
BRAZIL: Hoffmannsegg (BW).—Amazonas: Jobert 256 (P). Serra
de Malacacheta,” Kuhlmann 3412 (N).—Para: Parad, Killip &
Smith 30294 (N, Y); Da Costa 150 (N). Pinheiro, Killip & Smith
30314 (N, Y). Ilha do Mosqueiro, Killip & Smith 30500 (N, Y).
Marco, Baker 9228 (Go). Rio Xingu, Bach 4147 (Go). Rio Ara-
guaya, Kissenberth 3566 (Go). Peixe Boa, Huber 8722 (Go). Sado
Joao, Burchell 9303 (K). Santarem, Spruce (K); Jobert 855 (P);
Swallen 3288 (N).—Ceara: Campo Grande, Léfgren 297 (S).
Serra da Ibiapaba, Dahlgren 949 (F).—Pernambuco: Ramage in
1887 (BM).—Rio de Janeiro: Quinta de Sao Cristovao, cultivated(?),
Glaziou 10874 (P).
There appears to be no justification for the numerous species
which have been segregated from P. glandulosa, nor does it seem
possible to recognize any well defined varieties. The numerous
specimens examined differ to a certain extent in leaf shape, and in
the degree to which the inner corona is cleft.
The names Tacsonia Stoupyana and P. glandulosa var. Stoupyana
have arisen from Cavanilles’ statement that he saw in the Jussieu
Herbarium another Stoupy collection belonging to this species, in
which the bracts were ovate. These bracts are drawn separately
in Cavanilles’ illustration of P. glandulosa, and are 1 to 1.5 em.
long and 4 to 5 mm. wide. None of the specimens cited above has
such large bracts, but several of the species of this subgenus have
variable bracts and this may be the case with P. glandulosa. Or
perhaps the specimen in question is a mixture of P. glandulosa and
P. quadriglandulosa.
Although I have not seen the type specimen of Passiflora im
Thurnii, there are several sheets at Kew so named by Masters;
except for having larger flowers these do not appear to differ materi-
ally from forms of P. glandulosa.
Passiflora silvicola is without doubt this. Specimens I collected
at the type locality, Pinheiro, near Para, Brazil, agree excellently
with typical Guiana material of P. glandulosa.
LOcAL NAMES: ‘“Markoesa,” ‘‘kalawiroe,”’ ‘“‘jawohéméroeke”’
(Surinam); “‘maracuja cabeza de gado’’ (Ceara).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 311
182. Passiflora variolata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 58.
pl. 179. 1835.
Cieca variolata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 140. 1846.
A woody vine, glabrous throughout; stem terete; stipules linear-
faleate, soon deciduous; petioles about 1 cm. long, biglandular near
base, the glands sessile; leaves ovate or oblong, 5 to 12 em. long,
2 to 5 em. wide, acute or acuminate, aristulate at apex, rounded
or subacute at base, entire, 1-nerved, coriaceous, lustrous above,
dull beneath; peduncles solitary, 3 to 8 cm. long, becoming stout;
bracts borne near apex of peduncle, narrowly lance-linear, about
8 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, bearing 1 or 2 large glands on either
margin near base; flowers red; calyx tube broadly campanulate,
up to 7 mm. long and 10 mm. wide; sepals linear-oblong, 3.5 to 4 em.
long, about 7 mm. wide, obtuse, slightly carinate (keel terminating
in an awn 2 to 2.5 mm. long), glandular on outside near margin,
the glands oblong, 2 mm. long, sessile; petals subequal to sepals,
more slender; corona in 2 ranks, the outer tubular, 8 to 10 mm.
high, including a fringe of linear-subulate filaments about 2 mm.
long, the inner rank borne at base of the outer, 2 to 3 mm. long,
membranous in lower half, cleft in upper half into linear-subulate
filaments; operculum dependent, 4 to 5 mm. long, denticulate;
limen closely surrounding base of gynophore, lacerate at margin;
ovary ovoid, subacute at ends.
TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Maynas (Yurimaguas, Peru) et Provinciae
brasiliensis Rio Negro ad oppidum Ega.”’
ILLUSTRATION: Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: pl. 179.
DISTRIBUTION: Upper Amazon basin of Venezuela, Peru, and
Brazil.
VENEZUELA: Amazonas: San Antonio, upper Rio Orinoco, Holt &
Blake 697 (N). San Fernando de Atabapo, Gaillard 169 (P).
BRAZIL: Amazonas: Ega, Poeppig (V, type). Sao Gabriel, Spruce
2247 (K, P); G. H. H. Tate 135 (Y). Panuré, Spruce 2868 (K, P).
The vegetative parts of this plant are much like those of P.
glandulosa and P. Ernesti. In addition to having a much shorter
calyx tube, the most obvious character by which it may be dis- .
tinguished from P. glandulosa, the present species lacks the outer
free corona filaments but has a second series within the tubular mem-
brane. Passiflora variolata even more closely resembles P. Ernesti
in leaf shape, bracts, and other vegetative parts, but the coronal
structure is entirely different.
312 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX |
The type specimen, at Vienna, is in an excellent state of preserva- —
tion, and the foregoing description has been derived from that and —
the other specimens here cited. The structure of the corona as
described and figured by Poeppig and Endlicher is not strictly in
accord with that of the type.
183. Passiflora callimorpha Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 295.
1922.
Stem terete, ferruginous-villous-lanate; stipules 1 to 1.5 em. long,
0.8 to 1 cm. wide, deeply pinnatisect into setaceous or filiform divi-
sions, glabrous; petioles 0.5 to 1.5 em. long, minutely 2—4-glandular,
the glands imbedded in the indument; leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-
lanceolate, 5 to 18 cm. long, 2.5 to 5 em. wide, acuminate, rounded or
cordulate at base, irregularly denticulate-serrate, coriaceous, thick,
rugose, lustrous, glabrous or slightly villosulous on the nerves above,
densely ferruginous-lanate beneath; peduncles terete, 5 to 18 cm.
long, stout, about 2 mm. in diameter, ferruginous-villous-lanate;
bracts ovate-oblong, 2 to 3 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, distinct to
base, rounded at apex, laciniate-fimbriate, membranous, rufo-
villous, the margin glabrous, purplish; flowers violet-rose(?); calyx
tube cylindric-campanulate, 2 to 2.5 em. long, 0.6 to 1.4 cm. wide,
ferruginous-lanate without; sepals narrowly oblong, 4.5 to 5.5 cm.
long, about 1 em. wide, cucullate, slightly carinate on outside, the
keel terminating in a setaceous awn about 1 cm. long; petals slightly
shorter than sepals; corona 2-ranked, the upper rank filamentose to
base (filaments subulate, 1.2 to 1.5 em. long, purplish in lower half,
pale in upper), the lower rank borne about 0.8 cm. below the pre-
ceding, tubular, 6 to 7 mm. long, membranous, filamentose in upper
third; operculum dependent, about 5 mm. long, pinkish, the margin
recurved, fimbrillate, whitish; limen none; ovary ovoid, densely
ferruginous-hirsute.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mapiri, Bolivia.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the vicinity of La Paz,
Bolivia.
Bo.LiviA: La Paz: Mapiri, Bang 1556 (B, type, BM, Bo, CM,
G, K, N, Ph, Y). Yungas, 1,200 meters, Rusby 2465 (F, N, Y).
San Pedro, near Sorata, Mandon 609bis (P).
The vegetative parts of this plant suggest strongly P. insignis,
a species of the subgenus T'acsonia, which has the calyx tube well
developed, though shorter than the sepals, and a single-ranked corona.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE > 313
Passiflora callimorpha clearly should be referred to Distephana,
where it comes nearest P. coccinea. In addition to the points men-
tioned in the key, the single—not double—row of filaments at the
throat of the tube and the dense, woolly indument distinguish P.
callimorpha from P. coccinea.
184. Passiflora Buchtienii Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 115.
1924.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem slender, wiry, 4—5-angular;
stipules narrowly elliptic, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, incised-
serrate, the serrations cuspidate; petioles very slender, up to 1.5 em.
long, biglandular below middle, the glands 0.5 mm. long; leaves 2 to 3
em. long, 2.5 to 4 em. wide, 3-lobed to just below middle (lobes
oblong, 6 to 8 mm. wide, cuspidate), rounded or slightly cuneate at
base, 3-nerved, finely cuspidate-serrate, membranous; peduncles up
to 2.5 em. long, stout; bracts oblong, 1 to 1.5 em. long, 5 to 6 mm.
wide, obtuse, incised-serrate; flowers scarlet; calyx tube cylindric,
1.5 em. long, 8 mm. wide at the slightly enlarged throat; sepals linear-
lanceolate, about 5 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, slightly cucullate at apex,
aristate dorsally just below apex (awn 6 mm. long); petals linear,
about 4 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, obtuse; corona 2-ranked, the outer
rank filamentose (filaments 5 mm. long), the inner cylindric, 6 mm.
long, membranous, the upper half lacerate-cleft; operculum about
6 mm. long, dependent, denticulate; ovary narrowly ellipsoidal.
TYPE LOCALITY: Unduavi, Province of La Paz, Bolivia.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from type locality, in north-central
Bolivia, 3,300 meters altitude.
BoLiviA: La Paz: Unduavi, Buchtien 2896 (N, Y), 6004 (B, N,
type), 8991 (N), 8992 (N).
From its nearest relative, P. vitifolia, this species is at once
distinguished by smaller, glabrous leaves, minute petiolar glands,
shape of the bracts and stipules, and its double-ranked rather than
triple-ranked corona.
185. Passiflora coccinea Aubl. Pl. Guian. 2: 828. pl. 324. 1775.
Passiflora velutina DC. Prodr. 3: 327. 1828.
Tacsonia pubescens DC. Prodr. 3: 335. 1828.
Passiflora fulgens Wallis ex Morren, Belg. Hort. 16: 193. pl. 13.
1866.
Passiflora coccinea var. minor Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1:
605. 1872.
314 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Passiflora coccinea var. velutina Mast. in Mart. FI. Bras. 18, pt. 1:
605. 1872.
Passiflora toxicaria Barb. Rodr. Contr. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro
4: 94. pl. 17A. 1907.
Stem terete or subangulate (older portions deeply 3-grooved),
finely rufo-puberulent to densely rufo-tomentose, purplish; stipules
narrowly linear or linear-setaceous, 4 to 6 mm. long, entire or mi-
nutely glandular-serrulate; petioles up to 3.5 cm. long, glandless, or
biglandular at base, the glands sessile; leaves oblong or rarely nearly
orbicular, 6 to 14 em. long, 3 to 7 cm. wide, not lobed, acute, acumi-
nate, or subobtuse at apex, subcordate at base, duplicate-serrate or
crenate, above glabrescent or sparsely and finely pubescent, tomen-
tellous on nerves, beneath ferruginous- or cano-tomentose, mem-
branous; peduncles stout, up to 8 cm. long; bracts ovate, up to 6 cm.
long and 3.5 em. wide, concave, free to base, crenate or sharply
serrate, usually glandular at margin, ferruginous-tomentose without,
finely puberulent within, red or deep orange; calyx tube short-cylin-
dric-campanulate, 1.5 to 2 em. long, 1 to 1.3 cm. wide at throat;
sepals linear-lanceolate, 3 to 5 cm. long, 8 to 10 mm. wide, scarlet or
red, cucullate, slightly carinate, the keel terminating in an awn up to
1.3 cm. long; petals linear, 3.5 to 4 em. long, 7 to 8 mm. wide, scarlet
or red; corona in 8 series, the 2 outer consisting of subulate filaments
about 1 cm. long, deep purple in upper half, pale pink to white in
lower half, the inner rank of the corona white, membranous at base,
filamentose above, the filaments 6 to 8 mm. long; operculum white,
dependent, recurved and filamentose at margin, the filaments about
2 mm. long; limen cupuliform; ovary ovoid, densely yellowish-
tomentose; fruit ovoid or subglobose, about 5 cm. in diameter,
finely tomentulous, edible, the exocarp brittle, orange or yellow,
mottled and 6-striped with green; seeds narrowly obovate, about
6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, minutely reticulate, the reticulations linear
at margin.
TYPE LOCALITY: Oyac, French Guiana.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Aubl. Pl. Guian. pl. 324; Cav. Diss. 10: pl. 280;
Belg. Hort. 16: pl. 13; Contr. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: pl. 17A;
Descourtilz, Fl. Pitt. Méd. Antill. 5: pl. 350.
DISTRIBUTION: Guianas, southern Venezuela, and Amazon
basin of Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. Cultivated in Guadeloupe.
GUADELOUPE: Cultivated, Coudreau (P).
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 315
FRENCH GUIANA: Lamarck Herbarium (P); Perrottet 387 (Gen, P);
Mélinon 79 (P), 277 (BM); Leblond in 1792 (Gen); Poiteau (Gen);
Gabriel in 1802 (Gen); Sagot 283 (BM, G, Gen, P, S, V); Leschenault
(N, P); Broadway 541 (N, Y), 780 (G, N, Y); Wachenheim 115 (N).
SuRINAM: B. W. 3465 (Ut), 3474 (Ut), 5125 (Ut); Boon 1259
(Ut); Hostmann & Kappler 1567 (S); Kappler (Ut); Lanjouw 1203
(Ut); Pulle 186 (Ut); Samuels in 1916 (Y); Versteeg 537 (Ut); Wull-
schliigel 217 (Brux, Ut); Gonggrijp & Stahel 83 (Ut); Voltz (Ut).
BRITISH GUIANA: Hitchcock 17072 (G, N, Y), 17224 (G, N, Y);
Jenman 2000 (BG, Y), 2079 (Y), 5408 (BG, BM, Y), 7887 (N);
Linder 153 (G, 8S); Schomburgk 33, in part (P, Ut), 938 (BM, Bo, Gen,
N, V); Graham 128 (CM); Persaud 263 (F); Lang & Persaud in 1922
(F); Wahy 142 (BG, N); Ule 8666 (Go); De la Cruz 1060 (G, N, Y),
1548 (F, N, Y), 2817 (G, N, Y), 2701 (N, Y), 2879 (N, Y), 2918
(N, Y), 3753 (N, Y), $917 (G, N, Y), 4499 (N, Y); Archer 2428 (N).
VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Esmeralda, G. H. H. Tate 357 (Y).
PERU: Weberbauer 6761 (N). Pampa del Sacramento, Castelnau
in 1847 (P).—San Martin: Lamas, L. Williams 5069 (F), 6379 (N),
6450 (F).—Loreto: Masisea, Killip & Smith 26851 (N, Y). Yuri-
maguas, Killip & Smith 27574 (F, N, Y), 27995 (N), 29062 (F, N,
Y); L. Williams 4745 (F), 7821 (N); Poeppig in 1831 (V). Rio
Marafién, Killip & Smith 29186 (N), 29214 (N, Y). Lower Rio
Huallaga, L. Williams 3894 (N), 3917 (N), 4145 (N). Rio Ucayali,
Huber 1411 (Go), 1486 (Go); Tessmann 3187 (Gen).—Junin: Puerto
Yessup, Killip & Smith 26290 (F, N, Y). Puerto Bermidez,
Killip & Smith 26673 (F, N, Y). Cahuapanas, Killip & Smith
26820 (N).—Ayacucho: Kimpitiriki, Killip & Smith 22909 (F, N,
Y).—Cuzco: Marcapata Valley, Herrera 1155 (N).
BOLIVIA: Beni: Rurrenabaque, Mulford Biol. Expl. 475 (N, Y),
475A (Y). Junction of Beni and Madre de Dios rivers, Rusby 492
(F, N, Y).—La Paz: Huachi, Mulford Biol. Expl. 470 (N, Y), 545
(N, Y). Mapiri, Bang 1557 (BM, Bo, F, G, Gen, N, Ph, V, Y).
Yungas, Bang 312 (BM, Bo, N, V, Y); Rusby 493 (N, Y). San Carlos,
Buchtien 1920 (N). Coroico, Buchtien 6002 (N). Charpi, R. S.
Williams 790 (N, Y). Charopampa, Buchtien 1677 (Y). Huana-
chorisa, R: S. Williams 1536 (Y). Tolapampa, R. S. Williams 847
(Y).— Santa Cruz: Buenavista, Steinbach 6352 (Gen).
BRAZIL: Collector? (P, type of P. velutina); Hoffmannsegg (BW).—
Amazonas: Cachoeira Manajo, Holt & Blake 436 (N, Ut). Cama-
ndos, Holt & Blake 568 (N). S&o Gabriel, Holt & Blake 601 (N).
~
316 FIELD MuseuM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Rio Negro, G. H. H. Tate 97 (Y); Ducke 24041 (N). Rio Jurua, Ule
5555 (Gen, Go). Managuiry, Spruce 1637 (P, V). Ega, Poeppig in
1832 (V).—Para: Ilha do Mosqueiro, Killip & Smith 30414 (N, Y).
Para, Killip & Smith 30251 (N, Y); Dahlgren & Sella 758 (F).
Marco, Baker 67 (BM, Gen, Go, Ut, V). Lower Rio Trompetas,
Ducke 10956 (Go). Obidos, Ducke 14637 (N). Rio Xingt, Bach
4143 (Go). Santarem, Jobert in 1877 (P). Santa Maria, Mexia
6057a (N).—Acre: Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5363 (Gen, N, Ut, Y).—
Matto Grosso: Weddell 3404 (P); Moore 312 (BM, Y).
In P. coccinea the bracts are much larger than in its near relatives
and they completely envelop the flower bud. Of the large number of
specimens of this species examined none have lobed leaves. The
specimens from Peru and Bolivia agree well with typical Guiana
material, although often the leaves are proportionately narrower.
Passiflora velutina is a variant with a very dense, soft indument.
LOCAL NAMES: “‘Snekie marcoesa’’ (Surinam); “marudi-otra,”’
“‘monkey-guzzle’’ (British Guiana); “‘pachio-tutumillo” (Bolivia):
“‘thomé assa”’ (Brazil). The fruit is edible.
186. Passiflora quadriglandulosa Rodschied, Med. Chir. Bemerk.
Esseq. 77. 1796.
Tacsonia quadriglandulosa DC. Prodr. 3: 335. 1828.
(?)Tacsonia quadridentata DC. Prodr. 3: 335. 1828.
(?)Tacsonia pubescens DC. Prodr. 3: 335. 1828.
(?)Passiflora Lockhartt G. Don ex M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn.
2: 185. 1846, name only.
(?) Distephana pubescens M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 199. 1846.
(?)Distephana quadridentata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 199.
1846.
Distephana quadriglandulosa M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 2:
199. 1846.
(?)Passiflora vitifolia var. minor Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13,
pt. 1: 508. 1872.
Passiflora translinearis Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 309.
1927, as to flowers.
Passiflora yacumensis Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 310. 1927.
Stem terete, glabrous or the younger parts pilosulous; stipules
setaceous, 3 to 5 mm. long, deciduous; petioles 1 to 2.5 cm. long,
obsoletely biglandular at base; leaves polymorphic, entire and
broadly to narrowly oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 15 cm. long,
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 317
3 to 8 cm. wide, or asymmetrically 2- or 3-lobed (lobes acuminate, the
middle lobe ovate or ovate-lanceolate, longer than the lateral lobes,
up to 6 cm. wide), rounded or subtruncate at base, irregularly repand-
dentate, glabrous or finely puberulent on the nerves above, finely
puberulent or tomentellous beneath; peduncles up to 5 ecm. long;
bracts narrowly linear to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 0.8 to 1.5 cm.
long, 1 to 5 mm. wide, glandular-serrulate; flowers showy, pink, red,
or scarlet; calyx tube short-cylindric, 1 to 1.5 em. long, about 1 cm.
wide, ventricose at base; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 8 cm. long,
about 1 cm. wide, carinate, the keel terminating in an awn 2 to 10
mm. long; petals 6 to 7 em. long, obtuse; corona 3-ranked, the 2
outer ranks filamentose to base, the filaments bright red or scarlet,
narrowly linear at base, subulate toward apex, the outermost about
1.5 cm. long, the others 0.8 to 1 cm. long, the third coronal rank about
1.5 em. long, tubular, filamentose in upper third only, the mem-
branous portion deep red, the filaments white; operculum 6 to 7 mm.
long, dependent, the margin recurved, short-filamentose; ovary
ovoid, ferruginous-tomentulous; fruit ovoid, 3.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm.
in diameter (young); seeds ovate, reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mouth of Essequibo River, British Guiana(?).
ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Mag. 78: pl. 4674; Fl. des Serres 8: pl. 803;
Lemaire, Jard. Fleuriste 4: pl. 357.
DISTRIBUTION: Trinidad and British Guiana, and the Amazon
basin of Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil; cultivated elsewhere in Brazil;
also in the Lesser Antilles, where perhaps introduced.
MARTINIQUE: Bélanger 263 (P); Hahn 1167 (B, Bo, Gen, P);
Duss 435 (B).
GRENADA: Miller 318 (B); Eggers 6048b (B), 6073 (B); Broadway
1482 (B).
TRINIDAD: Britton, Freeman & Nowell 2613 (N, Y); Kuntze 1123
(Y); Trinidad Herb. 638 (T), 2598 (T), 3514 (B, T, Y), 10733 (T),
11508 (T), 11705 (T); Lockhart 369 (K).
BRITISH GUIANA: Barima River, Hitchcock 17489 (G, N, Y);
Jenman 7016 (BG, Y), 7121 (BG), 7140 (BG). Essequibo River,
Jenman 6362 (BG), 7670 (BG, Y); Sandwith 306 (K). Pomeroon
River, De la Cruz 3133 (N, Y). Waini River, A. W. Bartlett 8596
(BG, Y). Camana Road, Davies 1024 (K). Mazaruni River, Jen-
man 5409 (BG), 5875 (K).
PERU: Loreto: For 89 (K). Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith 29408
(F, N, Y). Mishuyacu, Killip & Smith 29974 (F, N, Y); Klug 1069
318 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
(F, N, Y), 1226 (F, N, Y). Rio Nanay, L. Williams 562 (N). Caba-
llo-cocha, L. Williams 2459 (N). La Victoria, L. Williams 3118 (N).
Chasuta, Raimond: 581 (B). Peras, Fox 119 (K). Rio Marafion,
Mexia 6405 (N). Rio Ucayali, Tessmann 3309 (Gen).
BOLIVIA: Beni: Santa Ana de Yacuma, 225 meters, Cardenas
(Mulford Biol. Expl. 21 special; Y, type of P. yacumensis).
BRAZIL: Amazonas: Capoeiras, Spruce 1789 (BM, K, P). Ma-
naos, Killip & Smith 30002 (N, Y), 30096 (N, Y); Ule 5112 (Gen, Go);
Labroy 23 (P); Jobert in 1877 (P); Spruce 1616 (P). Rio Branco, Ule
7852 (Go). Codajaz, Krukoff 4504 (Gen, N, Ut, Y). Paranagua,
Krukoff 4552 (Gen, Y).—Para: Para, Huber 116 (Go). Almerrim,
Ducke 17335 (B, N, Ut).—Rio de Janeiro: Quinta de Sao Christovao,
cultivated, Glaziou 9851 (Cop, P).
LOCAL NAMES: “Simitu”’ (British Guiana); “‘maracuja” (Brazil).
Four species of Distephana, i.e., P. vitifolia, P. speciosa, P. coc-
cinea, and P. quadriglandulosa, are easily confused, and may best be
considered here at one place.
P. vitifolia: Indument dense; bracts oblong-lanceolate, averaging
about 5 mm. wide, rarely as much as 8 mm. wide; leaves nearly
always deeply 3-lobed; outer corona filaments bright red or bright
yellow. The center of distribution is Panama and northern Colombia,
the species extending to the headwaters of the Orinoco, reaching to
the Amazon basin only at its western limits.
P. speciosa: Indument very dense; bracts more nearly oval,
slightly broader than in P. vitifolia; leaves usually 3-lobed, but
unlobed ones often on same individual; outer corona filaments white.
Eastern Brazil.
P. coccinea: Indument dense; bracts broadly ovate, 1 em. or more
wide; leaves unlobed, irregularly serrate; outer corona filaments deep
purple above, white or pink below, less tapering than in P. quadri-
glandulosa. Common in the Guianas and probably in northeastern
Brazil, extending up the Amazon and its tributaries to Bolivia
and Peru.
P. quadriglandulosa: Indument much scantier than in the others,
sometimes almost wholly wanting; bracts varying from narrowly
linear (scarcely 1 mm. wide) to oblong-lanceolate as in P. wtifolia,
in a few instances broadly ovate as in P. coccinea and constituting a
variety; leaves unlobed or 3-lobed with about the same frequency,
sometimes asymmetrically bilobed; outer corona filaments bright
red or scarlet and long-attenuate. The range is essentially the same
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 319
as that of P. coccinea, the typical form, with narrowly linear bracts
prevailing in the northern part of the range, the following variety
restricted to the Amazon basin.
186a. Passiflora quadriglandulosa var. involucrata (Mast.)
Killip, comb. nov.
Passiflora vitifolia var. involucrata Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13,
pt. 1: 608. 1872.
Passiflora punicea Mart. ex Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1:
608. 1872, as synonym.
Leaves generally deeply 3-lobed; bracts broadly ovate, 3 to 5 em.
long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide, doubly serrate, at least the lower teeth
gland-tipped.
TYPE LOCALITY: Cubata Cataracts. Rio Japur4a, Brazil.
DISTRIBUTION: Amazon basin of Peru and Brazil.
PERU: Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 342 (F, N, Y), 417 (F, N, Y).
Rio Nanay, L. Williams 780 (N), 1104 (N). Iquitos, Ducke 21230 (N).
BRAZIL: Amazonas: Rio Japura, Spruce 3022 (K, type of P.
vitifolia var. involucrata). S&o Paulo de Olivenga, Krukoff 8925 (Y).
—Para: Rio Tapajoz, Ducke 14644 (K, N, Ut); Krukoff 1042 (Y).
Upper Rio Cupary, Krukoff 1102 (Y).
Klug gives as a local name for this variant ‘‘granadilla Acida.’’
187. Passiflora vitifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 138. 1817.
Figure 1, a.
Passiflora sanguinea J. E. Sm. in Rees. Cycl. 26: Passiflora No. 45.
1819.
Passiflora punicea R. & P. ex DC. Prodr. 3: 329. 1828.
Tacsonia sanguinea DC. Prodr. 3: 334. 1828.
Macrophora sanguinea Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 103. 1838.
Passiflora vitifolia var. cassiquiarensis M. Roemer, Fam. Nat.
Syn. 2: 181. 1846.
Passiflora serrulata var. pubescens Griseb. Bonplandia 6: 7. 1858.
Passiflora servitensis Karst. Linnaea 30: 163. 1859.
Tacsonia Buchanani Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 14: pl. 519. 1867.
Stem, petioles, and peduncles densely ferruginous-tomentose;
stem terete; stipules setaceous, 3 to 5 mm. long, deciduous; petioles
2 to 5 cm. long, biglandular at base, occasionally with 2 or 3 additional
glands near middle, the glands orbicular; leaves 7 to 15 cm. long, 8 to
320 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VoL. XIX
18 cm. wide, 3-lobed to below middle (lobes acuminate, the central
lobe narrowed at base, up to 6 cm. wide), truncate to cordate at base,
3-5-nerved, irregularly repand-dentate or crenate, membranous,
usually lustrous above, tomentulous on nerves above, densely puberu-
lent or tomentulous beneath; peduncles stout, 4 to 9 cm. long; bracts
oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, 0.4 to 0.8 em. wide,
acuminate, glandular-serrate or rarely subentire; flowers scarlet,
bright red, or vermilion; calyx tube cylindric, 1 to 1.8 cm. long,
about 1.5 cm. wide, ventricose at base; sepals slightly fleshy, lanceo-
late, 6 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, obtuse, without minutely
puberulent, carinate, the keel terminating in an awn about 1 cm.
long, within magenta, glabrate; petals linear-lanceolate, 4 to 6 cm.
long, 0.8 to 1.5 em. wide, obtuse; corona 3-ranked, the 2 outer ranks
filamentose, the outermost filaments awl-shaped, 1.5 to 2 cm. long,
erect, bright red or bright yellow, those of the next rank about 1 cm.
long, pale red, the third rank tubular, erect, closely surrounding the
gynophore, about 1 cm. long, the upper part cleft into numerous fili-
form divisions, the lower part membranous, slightly fleshy, pale red
without and within; operculum deflexed, 7 to 10 mm. long, fimbriate;
ovary ellipsoidal, densely tomentulous; fruit ovoid, about 5 cm. long,
3 cm. in diameter, puberulent, very fragrant; seeds much com-
pressed, obcordate, 5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, reticulate with 50
to 75 reticulations.
TYPE LOCALITY: Along the Magdalena River, near El Pefién,
Colombia.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Mag. 130: pl. 7936; Mart. Fl. Bras. 18,
pt. 1: pl. 121; Garden 1880: 142; Mutis, Icon. Pl. Ined. 26: pl. 10, 35;
Gard. Chron. III. 8: 218. 1890; III. 48: 187. f. 78. 1908.
DISTRIBUTION: Nicaragua to eastern and southern Venezuela,
Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru, at low elevations;
occasionally cultivated in the West Indies.
NICARAGUA: La Baranta, Oersted 4144 (Cop). Braggmans Bluff,
Englesing 139 (N). San Juan del Norte, C. L. Smith 47 (G). Chon-
tales, Lévy 1431 (P); R. Tate 113 (K), 114 (BM). Cabo Gracias a
Dios, Schramm in 1923 (N). Mosquito Coast, Schramm in 1924 (N).
Costa RIca: Pittier 3517 (Bo, Brux, N), 6585 (Brux), 7042 (Brux),
7406 (Brux), 8655 (Brux), 9595 (Brux). Guanacaste, Brade 2407
(B). Rio Surubres, Brade 2567 (B), 2582 (B). Tortuga, Oersted 4145
(Cop). Comarca de Limon, J. D. Smith 4810 (G, N). Santo Do-
mingo de Golfo Dulce, Tonduz 7030 (N). Las Vueltas, Tucurrique,
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE $21
Tonduz 13003 (B, BM, Bo, N, P). Turrialba, Lehmann 1268 (Bo,
K). Cafias Gordas, Pittier 11182 (N). Atirro, J. D. Smith 4811
(F, G, N). Pejivalle, Standley & Valerio 47172 (N). Talamanca,
Tonduz 8655 (N), 9824 (Bo, Brux, N). La Colombiana Farm,
Standley 36958 (N). Guapiles, Standley 37186 (N), 37314 (N). El
Arenal, Standley & Valerio 45038 (N), 45158 (N). Naranjos Agrios,
Standley & Valerio 46497 (N). Tilaran, Standley & Valerio 45874
(N). Puerto Jiménez, Cufodontis 193 (V). Finca Montecristo,
Standley & Valerio 48549 (N). Sixaola, Dunlap 474 (N). El General,
Skutch 2617 (N). Bananito, Stork 1197 (Mich).
PANAMA: Cuming in 1832 (BM); Seemann 502 (BM); Duchassaing
(P, type of P. serrulata var. pubescens). Marraganti, R. S. Williams
1150 (Y).—Bocas del Toro: Carleton 118 (N). Changuinola Valley,
Dunlap 526 (N).—Chiriqui: Hart (K). Veragua, Warscewicz 2 (Bo),
227 (B).—Canal Zone: Hayes in 1860 (G, Y); Fendler 118 (F, G, K,
N, P, V); Pittier 2517 (N), 2668 (N); Standley 27308 (N), 28702 (N),
29569 (N), 30225 (N), 30947 (N), 31280 (N); Killip 3385 (Roch);
Cowell 42 (Y); Crawford 463 (Ph, Y), 528 (Cal, Ph); Piper 5519
(N, Y), 5835 (N); Greenman & Greenman 220 (Mo); Batley & Bailey
108 (N), 221 (N); Barclay 989 (BM).—Panama: Tapia River, Maxon
6678 (N), 6683 (N), 6695 (N), 6733 (Gen, N, P); Standley 28101 (N),
80605 (N). Tecumen River, Killip 3313 (N, Roch); Standley 29362
(N). Orange River, Killip 3335 (N, Roch). Pacora, Paul 292 (N).
— Colén: Porto Bello, Billberg in 1826 (S).
CuBA: Santa Clara: Soledad, cultivated, Jack 7648 (N).
JAMAICA (cultivated): Hope Gardens, Perkins 25 (B), 1449 (B).
Kingston, Mazon & Killip 1733 (N).
VENEZUELA: Rio Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland (BW, perhaps
type of P. vitifolia var. cassiquiarensis); Rusby & Squires 4 (BM, F,
G, Minn, N, Y).—Amazonas: Tamatama, Rio Orinoco, Holt &
Gehriger 267 (N). Brazo Cassiquiare, Holt & Blake 650 (N), 675 (N).
COLOMBIA: Mutis 3462 (Ma, N).—Goajira: Santa Clara, Linden
1652 (Gen, P).—Magdalena: El Pefién, Humboldt & Bonpland 1531
(B, type). Rio Magdalena, Stiibel 106a (B); Dawe 443 (K, N).
Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1530 (B, BM, Brux, CM, F, G, Gen, K, N,
P, Ph, S, Ut, Y); Schulize 550 (B). Naranjo, André 270 (K). Puerto
Nacional, André 234 (K).—Bolivar: Rio Sind, Pennell 4625 (Y).
Turbaco, Schott 1 (Y).—Santander: Kalbreyer 675 (B, K). Puerto
Wilches, Killip & Smith 14739 (A, G, N, Y). Barranca Bermeja,
Niemeyer 5 (N). Rio Magdalena, Goudot (P). El Centro, Haught
322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
1262 (N).—Boyaca: Mt. Chapon, Lawrance 607 (Gen, S, Ut, Y).—
Cundinamarca: Guaduas, Lévy in 1851 (P). Villeta, Karsten (B,
V, type of P. servitensis). Tena, Triana 2941 (BM, Gen, HNC).—
Meta: Villavicencio, Pennell 1548 (N, Y). Llano de San Martin,
Triana 2940 (BM, HNC, K, P).—Caqueta: Florencia, Pérez 747
(N).—Tolima: Libano, Pennell 3387 (Y). Melgar, Dawe in 1919
(K).—Antioquia: Puerto Berrio, Archer 1436 (N); Toro 1116 (Y).
Turbo, Schott (F).—E] Choco: Quibdé, Archer 2167 (N), 2217 (N).—
El Valle: Cisneros, Killip 11462 (G, N).. Buenaventura, Lehmann
881 (B, Bo, K). Rio Dagua, Lehmann XII (Bo), 1923 (Bo).
EcuapDor: Napo-Pastaza: Zatzayacu, Mexia 7117 (N).
PERU: Ruiz & Pavén (BM, type of P. punicea).—San Martin:
Juanjui, Alto Rio Huallaga, Klug 4190 (N).
This is the only species of Distephana in Central America and
northwestern South America, and its brilliant scarlet flowers are con-
spicuous in the tropical forests. It has symmetrically 3-lobed leaves,
only the sterile young shoots having unlobed leaves. The flowers, at
least in a dried state, show little difference from those of P. quadri-
glandulosa, but the latter species has a much scantier indument and
the leaves show a great degree of dimorphism. The leaves, bracts,
and indument of the specimens cited above vary but slightly. The
type of P. servitensis var. bracteosa, however, has large, oval bracts,
and this may be considered a variety of P. vitifolia.
Passiflora vitifolia is known from Peru from only two collections,
one the type of P. punicea R. & P., the other a fine series of specimens
recently obtained by Mr. Klug in the Huallaga Valley. In this
material the teeth of the leaves are less prominent and the bracts are
ovate rather than oblong or oblong-lanceolate; otherwise it seems
to differ in no way from specimens from farther northward.
Masters cites several Brazilian specimens as P. vitifolia; those
which I have seen, however, are better referred to P. speciosa, and the
others perhaps belong also to that species or to P. quadriglandulosa.
99 66
LOCAL NAMES: “Guate-guate’’ (Panama); “curuvito,” ‘‘grana-
dilla’’ (Colombia).
187a. Passiflora vitifolia var. bracteosa (Karst.) Killip, comb. nov.
Passiflora servitensis var. bracteosa Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 103.
pl. 51. 1858-61.
Bracts broadly ovate, 2.5 to 3 cm. saa 1.6 to 2 em. wide, ciliate
and glandular at margin.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 323
TYPE LOCALITY: “In cordillera Meridensi, reipublicae Vene-
zuela.”’ ire
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.
VENEZUELA: Mérida: Sardineta, Karsten (V, type of P. servi-
tensis var. bracteosa).
188. Passiflora speciosa Gardn. in Fielding & Gardn. Sert. Pl.
pl. 17. 1844.
Plant ferruginous-villosulous-tomentose nearly throughout; stem
terete, striate; stipules setaceous, 4 to 5 mm. long, deciduous;
petioles 1.5 to 2 cm. long, obsoletely 4-glandular, the glands imbedded
in the tomentum; leaves 3-lobed one-half to seven-eighths their length
(lobes linear-oblong to broadly ovate-oblong, more rarely linear,
4 to 12 em. long, 0.7 to 5 em. wide, obtuse, acute, or acuminate,
singly or doubly crenate-denticulate), rounded, subtruncate, or
cordulate at base, membranous, grayish- or ferruginous-pilosulous-
tomentose beneath, especially on nerves and veins; peduncles 7 to
12 em. long, terete, stout; bracts oblong, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, 0.8 to
1 em. wide, acute, conspicuously 2-4-glandular at base, minutely
glandular-serrulate toward apex, dull red; flowers bright red, scarlet,
or crimson; calyx tube cylindric-campanulate, 7 to 10 mm. long,
about 8 mm. wide, tomentulous without; sepals oblong, 4 to 5 cm.
long, 0.8 to 1.3 cm. wide, obtuse, slightly carinate, the keel terminat-
ing in an awn 8 to 5 mm. long; petals oblong-lanceolate, subequal to
the sepals; corona in 2 ranks, the outer filamentose to base, the
filaments awl-shaped, about 1.5 cm. long, purple-banded, the inner
rank filamentose to below middle, about 0.8 em. long; operculum
dependent, the margin recurved, crenulate or denticulate; ovary
- ovoid, densely sericeo-villosulous; fruit ovoid, about 6 cm. long and
2.5 em. in diameter, minutely villosulous; seeds strongly com-
pressed, about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, minutely reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Organ Mountains, Brazil.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Fielding & Gardn. Sert. Pl. pl. 17; Mart. FI.
Bras. 18, pt. 1: pl. 120.
DISTRIBUTION: East-central Brazil.
BRAZIL: Sello 2132 (B, K), 2150 (B). Serra da Piedade, Warming
1175 (Cop, P). Serra da Mantiqueira, Warming 1171 (Cop), 1185
(Cop).—Matto Grosso: Weddell 3395 (P). Rio Paraguay, Moore
498 (BM, Y), 824 (BM). Santa Cruz da Barra, Lindman A2825 (S).
Cuyaba, Malme in 1902 (S), in 1903 (S).—Minas Geraes: Gardner
324 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VoL. XIX
4691 (B, BM, Gen, K, V); Claussen 379 (Gen, P), 380 (P); St. Hilaire
590 (P). Itambé, Pohl 923 (K). Araponga, 1,000 meters, Bailey &
Bailey 1156 (N). Vigosa, 650 meters, Chase 10201 (N), 10216 (N);
Mexia 4138 (Gen, N), 4795 (N); Rolfs in 1928 (N). Santa Izabel,
Barreto 875 (N). Serra do Caraca, Barreto 887 (N). Fazenda da
Cachoeira, Barreto 1522 (N). Fazenda Vargem Alegre, Barreto 1604
(N).—Rio de Janeiro: Organ Mountains, Gardner 426 (BM, type,
Gen); Glaziou 1598 (Brux, Cop, P); Miers (BM). Cantagallo,
Peckolt 253 (V), 396 (Brux). Itambe, Pohl-& Schott 3588 (V).
Passiflora speciosa is very similar to P. wtifolia, and the two
species may be distinguished from each other only with consider-
able difficulty.
LOCAL NAME: “Murucuja incarnada.”’
Subgenus XVI. CALOPATHANTHUS
189. Passiflora racemosa Brot. Trans. Linn. Soc. 12: 71. pl. 6.
1817.
Passiflora princeps Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1: pl. 84. 1817.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem subquadrangular, the older
parts cinereous, corrugate, the younger light green, striate; stipules
broadly ovate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 0.7 to 1 cm. wide, acute and
mucronulate at apex, rounded at base, oblique, membranous or sub-
coriaceous, deciduous; petioles 2 to 4 cm. long, slender, biglandular,
the glands sessile; leaves polymorphic, ovate and unlobed, asym-
metrically lobed on one side, or usually symmetrically 3-lobed to
below middle (6 to 10 cm. along midnerve, 4 to 8 cm. along lateral
nerves, 6 to 11 cm. between apices of lateral lobes; lobes oblong,
2 to 3 cm. wide, acute or subobtuse, often biglandular at the sinuses),
subpeltate, truncate or cordate at base, entire, 5-nerved, coriaceous;
inflorescence pseudoracemose, the pedicels about 1 cm. long, articu-
late, solitary or in pairs on elongate (50 to 75 cm. long) stipule-
bearing, reflexed, terete branches, which are leafless or bear much
reduced leaves; bracts setaceous(?), soon deciduous; calyx tube
short-cylindric, 0.8 to 1.5 cm. long, 0.7 to 1.2 em. wide, sulcate at
base, reddish purple at throat without (when dry); sepals oblong,
3.5 to 4 em. long, up to 1 cm. wide, cucullate, carinate, corniculate,
red; petals oblong, slightly shorter than sepals, obtuse, reddish
(or white?); corona in 8 series, each filamentose to base, the outer
2 ranks at throat of tube 3 to 5 mm. long, the innermost slightly
below, 2.5 to 3 mm. long; operculum borne at side of tube just above
base, the lower part horizontally spreading inward for about 2 mm.,
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 325
then abruptly recurved, the main portion erect, tubular, about 1 cm.
long, denticulate; limen none; ovary narrowly ovoid; fruit narrowly
ovoid, 5 to 7 em. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, obtuse at apex, the exocarp
coriaceous; the seeds are obovate, about 5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide,
reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Type cultivated, probably of Brazilian origin.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1: pl. 84; Trans. Linn. Soc. 12:
pl. 6; 27: pl. 64; Bot. Reg. 4: pl. 285; Bot. Mag. 45: pl. 2001; Vell.
Fl. Flumin. 9: pl. 93; Mart. Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: pl. 125; Nicholson,
Ill. Dict. Gard. 3: 32. f. 36.
DISTRIBUTION: State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Introduced into
European horticulture.
BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Riedel 717 (N); Weddell
161 (Gen); Glaziou 3655 (Brux), 3992 (Cop, P); Warming 1165 (Cop);
Pettiers 3041 (Gen); Gardner 1147 (BM); Miers 3041 (BM, K);
Gaudichaud 1032 (Gen, P); Pohl 921 (K, V); St. Hilaire 1811 (P);
Martius (B); Bowie & Cunningham 97 (BM). Corcovado, Patschke
26 (B); Rose & Russell 20231 (N, Y); Mosén 2503 (S); Widgren 921
(S). Tijuca, Schwarz (V). Cabo Frio, Chase 10125 (N). Morro
do Canvallao, Smith & Brade (L. B. Smith 2341; G). Sumidorio,
Langsdorff (N).
Harms has created the section (here subgenus) Calopathanthus
for this species because of the unique shape of the operculum, at
first spreading inward, then curved back, finally erect, forming a
cylindric tube.
In most of the specimens here cited the leaves are all three-
lobed, though in a few instances some are entire; in Chase 10115
all the leaves are entire.
Passiflora racemosa is one of the most showy of passionflowers,
and has been frequently introduced into cultivation, where it has
often been known as P. princeps. Both names were proposed in
1817 and there is uncertainty as to which was the earlier. As the
name P. racemosa has generally been used in taxonomic treatments,
I am retaining it.
Horticultural hybrids have been developed between P. racemosa
and other species, to which names have been assigned, as P. atro-
purpurea and P. Loudoni (P. racemosax P. kermesina?), P. Law-
soniana (P. racemosaX P. alata), and P. Paxtoni. Passiflora amabilis
is said to be a hybrid between P. racemosa and P. alata.
326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
Subgenus XVII. TACSONIOIDES
190. Passiflora Luetzelburgii Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 32.
1923.
Plant more or less villosulous throughout; stem subterete; stipules
linear or filiform, deciduous; petioles 3 to 8 mm. long, minutely
biglandular at or below middle; leaves 4 to 5 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm.
wide, entire and oblong or ovate, or with a pair of obsolete lateral
lobes, rounded or obtuse, mucronulate or slightly emarginate at
apex, rounded and often emarginate at base, conspicuously penni-
nerved (nerves impressed above), short-pilose above, densely villosu-
lous beneath; peduncles 2 to 2.5 em. long; bracts lanceolate-oblong
or oblong, 1 to 1.5 em. long, 0.5 to 0.7 cm. wide, lacerate-pectinate,
villosulous; calyx tube broadly cylindric, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, about
1 em. wide at throat, slightly dilated at base; sepals oblong-lanceo-
late, 2 to 2.5 em. long, slightly cucullate and pilosulous at apex,
corniculate; petals lanceolate-oblong(?); corona filamentose, 3-
ranked, the filaments 4 to 7 mm., 1 to 1.5 mm., and about 2 mm.
long, respectively; operculum membranous, erect; ovary narrowly
ovoid, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Piauhy, Brazil (type in Munich Herbarium).
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, in eastern
Brazil.
BRAZIL: Piauhy: Luetzelburg 1681 (B, fragment and a sketch
of type).
Doubtless this species belongs to the subgenus Tacsonioides, as
Harms suggests, but it differs greatly from the four other known
species of that group. The stipules are setaceous and the plant is
densely villosulous. The leaves are wholly unlike those of its near
relatives, resembling, in a general way, those of P. holosericea.
191. Passiflora reflexiflora Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 15. pl. 425. 1799.
Tacsonia reflexiflora Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 393. 1805.
Passiflora reflexa J. E. Sm. in Rees, Cycl. Passiflora No. 35. 1819.
Erndelia reflexiflora Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 104. 1838.
Tacsonia laevis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 118. 18438.
Passiflora hastata Ruiz & Pav. ex Mast. in Mart. FI. Bras. 18,
pt. 1: 569. 1872, as synonym. Not P. hastata Bertol.
Passiflora lorifera Mast. Journ. Linn. Soc. 20: 42. pl. 20, f. 4.
1883, as to foliage. (For status of Passiflora lorifera see
discussion under P. macrophylla.)
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 327
Plant essentially glabrous throughout; stem slender, terete, the
younger portions usually subangular; stipules semi-ovate, 1 to 3 cm.
long, 0.5 to 1.5 em. wide, obtuse, mucronulate, rounded at base,
entire or slightly crenulate, glabrous or minutely pubescent above;
petioles very slender, up to 1.5 em. long, 4—6-glandular (glands stipi-
tate, about 1 mm. long); leaves 3 to 5 cm. long, 4 to 6 cm. wide,
hastately 3-lobed (lobes obtuse, the middle 1.5 to 3 em. wide, about
twice as long as the lateral lobes), cordate at base, entire or remotely
serrulate; peduncles up to 6.5 cm. long; bracts ovate, 1 to 1.2 cm.
long, 8 to 10 mm. wide, rounded at apex, acutish at base, sessile;
flowers crimson or red; calyx tube narrowly cylindric, 2 to 2.5 cm.
long, uniformly about 5 mm. wide, slightly enlarged at base, glabrous;
sepals linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, 6 to 8 mm.
wide, cucullate, minutely corniculate, reflexed; petals linear, 2 to 2.5
cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, reflexed; corona in 8 series, short-fila-
mentose, the outer (upper) filaments about 2 mm. long, the succeed-
ing shorter; operculum borne about 2 mm. above base of tube, erect,
membranous, 1.5 to 2 mm. high, minutely crenulate at margin, white;
limen membranous, 5 mm. high, adnate to gynophore, slightly sulcate,
the margin free; ovary ovoid, glabrous; fruit ovoid, about 6 cm. long,
4.5 cm. wide, the exocarp brittle, yellowish(?); seeds subturbinate,
6 to 7 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, tridentate at apex (middle tooth
longest), narrowed at base, coarsely reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Near Bodegas, on road to Guayaquil, Ecuador.
(The first locality mentioned by Cavanilles is “‘Panamaide’”’ [Pan-
ama], another instance of a confusion in Née’s locality data.)
ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: pl. 425; Journ. Linn. Soc. 20:
pl. 20, f. 4.
DISTRIBUTION: Probably confined to coastal region of Ecuador.
ECUADOR: Warscewicz (B); Fraser (BM); Couthouy in 1859 (G).—
Guayas: Guayaquil, Née (Ma, type); Hartweg 662 (K, type of
Tacsonia laevis); Sinclair (K); Brenning 233 (B); Barclay 2458 (BM);
Stevens 19 (N); Lehmann 105 (B, Bo, K, N, cited by Masters as
P. aristulata); Rose 22110 (N); Hitchcock 20149 (G, N); Rowlee &
Micxter 1097 (N); Mille 7 (N), 50 (N); Heilborn 582 (B, S); Andersson
124 (S); André 4034bis (K); Ruiz & Pavén (BM, Gen, Ma); Haenke
2285 (Pr); Mexia 6764 (N); Jameson (V). Rio Guayas, André 4068 (K).
This is one of the species that has been placed at various positions
in taxonomic treatments of Passiflora. Masters referred it to Grana-
dilla, ignoring De Candolle’s section Tacsonioides, of which it was
328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
the type species. The relatively long calyx tube, subequal to the
sepals, is characteristic of Tacsonia, not of Granadilla, but the erect
operculum and the 3-ranked corona at once eliminate it from Tac-
sonia. In certain respects the group approaches Pseudomurucuja.
I believe that this is a species of very local distribution, confined
to the region about Guayaquil, Ecuador. Masters gives (in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 13, pt. 1: 569) four extra-Ecuadorean localities as follows:
(1) Guatemala, Hartweg 662, which is the type of Tacsonia laevis,
and which according to Bentham came from Guayaquil; (2) Peru,
Ruiz & Pavén; the label on the sheet at Geneva reads “Nueva
Espafia”’; on that at the British Museum ‘Peru, prob. Ecuador’’;
and on that in the Ruiz and Pavon Herbarium at Madrid, ‘“‘Guaya-
quil’’; (8) Tarapoto, Peru, Spruce 3923; this is true P. tarapotina;
(4) Maynas, Peru, Poeppig. This specimen, which I have seen at
Vienna, is also P. tarapotina.
LOCAL NAME: “‘Norvo.”’
192. Passiflora tarapotina Harms, Verh. Bot. Verein. Branden-
burg 48: 185. 1906.
(?)Tacsonia glauca Poepp. ex Mast. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18, pt. 1:
569. 1872, as synonym.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem slender, wiry, subterete; stipules
semi-ovate, up to 2.5 cm. long, 1 em. wide, mucronulate, rounded at
base, remotely glandular-serrulate; petioles 2.5 to 4 em. long, wiry,
biglandular near middle, the glands minute, stipitate; leaves 6 to 8
em. long, 9 to 10 em. wide, 3-lobed to below middle (lobes oblong,
2.5 to 3 em. wide, obtuse or acutish, mucronulate at apex, the sides
nearly parallel, the lateral lobes ascending), subpeltate, subtruncate
or cordulate at base, 5-nerved, entire, membranous, or subcoriaceous,
glaucous beneath; peduncles 10 to 16 cm. long, slender; bracts
narrowly oblong to ovate-oblong, 10 to 15 mm. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide,
acute at apex, narrowed at base, serrulate, membranous; flowers
“rose-purplish”’; calyx tube cylindric, 2 to 2.5 em. long; sepals linear-
oblong, subequal to tube, cucullate, slightly carinate, the keel termi-
nating in a foliaceous awn about 1 cm. long; corona in 8 or 4 closely
approximate ranks, each filamentose, the filaments barely 1 mm.
long, those of the upper 2 ranks erect, those of the lowest reflexed;
operculum borne about 5 mm. above base of tube, about 8 mm. long,
erect, filamentose half its length; limen membranous, about 7 mm.
high, closely adnate to gynophore, denticulate, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Tarapoto, Peru.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 329
DISTRIBUTION: Northern Peru.
PERU: San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 3923 (K, V); Ule 6462 (B,
type, Gen, Go, K); L. Williams 5418 (N), 5555 (N), 5709 (F), 5776
(N).—Loreto: Juanjay, Province of Mainas, Poeppig in 1830 (V,
type of Tacsonia glauca).
The leaves and stipules are much like those of P. aristulata, P.
subulata, and P. subpeltata, of Granadilla, series Lobatae. The large
flowers, with a developed, cylindric calyx tube at once distinguish it
from these.
193. Passiflora umbilicata (Griseb.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. 3, 6a: 91. 1893.
Tacsonia umbilicata Griseb. Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen 19: 149.
1874.
Passiflora ianthina Mast. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 21: 36. 1883.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem subterete, striate; stipules semi-
ovate, 1 to 2 em. long, 0.5 to 1 cm. wide, mucronate, glandular-
crenate-serrate; petioles up to 3.5 cm. long, slender, wiry, glandless or
minutely biglandular at middle; leaves 2 to 6 cm. long, 3.5 to 7.5 em.
wide, 3-lobed to or to slightly below middle (lobes oblong-ovate,
1 to 2.5 em. wide, rounded or acutish at apex, mucronulate), cordulate,
5-7-nerved, entire or slightly undulate, subcoriaceous, hyaline at
margin; peduncles up to 9 cm. long, stout, terete; bracts cordate-
ovate, 1.5 to 3 em. long, 1.8 to 2 em. wide, rounded or subacute,
crenate-serrate, membranous, purple or reddish purple; flowers
reddish purple, violet, or dark blue; calyx tube cylindric, 1.5 to 3.5
cm. long, 0.4 to 0.9 em. wide, subequaling or shorter than sepals,
suleate at base; sepals linear-oblong, 2 to 3 em. long, 0.4 to 0.6 em.
wide, cucullate, carinate, the keel terminating in a foliaceous awn
about 5 mm. long; petals linear-oblong, subequal to sepals, obtuse;
corona filamentose, the filaments in about 5 series, the outermost
3 to 4 mm. long, the succeeding 3 series barely 1 mm., the innermost
2 to 3 mm.; operculum borne about 2 mm. above base of tube, erect,
about 3 mm. long, subentire; limen none; gynophore very slender,
swollen at base; fruit ovoid, 6 to 7 cm. long, about 4 cm. in diameter,
the exocarp coriaceous, yellowish; seeds oblong-obovate, about 5 mm.
long, 4 mm. wide, shallowly tridentate at truncate apex, coarsely
reticulate.
TYPE LOCALITY: Catamarca, Argentina.
ILLUSTRATION: Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 505. f. 233,
C, D.
330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. XIX
DISTRIBUTION: Central Bolivia to northern Argentina, 2,500 to
3,000 meters altitude.
BOLIiviA: Bridges (BM, type of P. tanthina); Cuming 202 (V).
Micani Region, Cardenas 3397 (N).—La Paz: South Yungas, Kuntze
in 1892 (Y). Ocubi, Kuntze in 1892 (Y).—Cochabamba: Capa-
chuncho, Steinbach 8685 (Gen, K, Mo, Ut, Y).—Tarija: Tucumilla,
Fiebrig 2454 (B, BM, G, Gen, K, N, P, S, UE, VEY): Fic st
Province of Tomina, Weddell (P).
PARAGUAY: La Playa, Jorgensen 1211 (Cal, G, N).
ARGENTINA: Sierra Velasco, Hieronymus & Niederlein 59 (B).—
Jujuy: La Soledad, Venturi 9011 (N). Tileara, Venturi 9218 (N).—
Salta: Yacone, Hieronymus & Lorentz 294 (B).—Catamarca: Lorentz
105b (B, type); Schickendantz 113 (B). Alto de Toma, Schickendantz
46 (B).
Harms places this species in a section Umbilicatae of Tacsonia,
but certainly its relationship is with P. reflexiflora and P. tarapotina,
rather than with the tacsonias. The foliage, as well as the general
flower structure, is very similar to that of P. tarapotina.
In Weddell’s specimen from Bolivia the calyx tube is slightly
shorter than the sepals, but otherwise the specimen agrees well with
the other material here cited.
LOCAL NAME: “‘Locosti’’ (Bolivia).
194. Passiflora Mendoncaei Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 297.
1922.
Passiflora rhodoptera Dusén ex Harms, Notizbl. 10: 819. 1929,
as synonym.
Plant glabrous throughout; stem slender, terete; stipules oblong-
lanceolate or oblong, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 0.5 to 0.8 cm. wide, acutish,
mucronulate, oblique; petioles 1 to 2 cm. long, minutely biglandular |
at middle or with 2 additional glands above middle; leaves 3 to 5 em.
long, 3.5 to 7 cm. wide, 3-lobed one-quarter to one-third their length
(lobes broadly ovate, 1.5 to 2 em. wide, obtuse or rounded at apex),
subpeltate, rounded or subtruncate at base, 3-5-nerved, membranous,
sublustrous above, glaucous or violet beneath; peduncles 5 to 10 cm.
long, slender; bracts ovate-oblong, 3 to 4 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em.
wide, rounded and apiculate at apex, narrowed at base, free, mem-
branous, reddish purple; calyx tube cylindric, 1.5 to 2 em. long,
1 em. wide; sepals linear-lanceolate, 3 to 4 cm. long, 6 to 8 mm. wide,
cucullate, corniculate, the horn terminating in an awn about 2 mm.
AMERICAN PASSIFLORACEAE 331
long; petals subequal to sepals; corona in 2 series, filamentose, the
outer filaments 4 to 5 mm. long, the inner 2 to 3 mm. long; operculum
membranous, erect, fimbriate; limen cupuliform, closely surrounding
base of gynophore; ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous.
TYPE LOCALITY: Sao Paulo, Brazil.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Brazil.
BRAZIL: Sao Paulo: Mendonca 458 (B, type).—Parana: Carvalho,
1,050 meters, Dusén 13320 (Gen, 8S), 13328 (S). Caiguava, 1,300
meters, Dusén 8963 (BM, K, N, S).
The leaves and stipules of P. Mendoncaei and P. elegans are very
similar, but the former species has a cylindric calyx and long pedun-
cles, whereas in P. elegans the tube is campanulate and the peduncles
are barely 1 cm. long.
Harms originally placed this in Granadilla, remarking that it was
one of the species intermediate between that group and Tacsonia.
However, it is better placed in T'acsonioides.
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